G E N E R A L L J B R A R Y of the UN / J/ E R S I TY OF M I C H / G 24 N PR E S E N TED BY j • ‘g : ; Homeor, tºº. & 0.3 G-7 AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE BIOLOGY º AND ALLIED SCIENCES -*mams-sms G O U L D FOR INDEX OF SPECIAL TABLES AND IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFY ING LARGE NUMBERS OF FACTS. SEE PAGE XV;. Aºom 7%e Practitioneer, Zonaozz. “The language of medicine changes so quickly with the advance of knowledge that for practitioners who wish to keep fairly abreast of scientific progress a good medical dictionary is not so much a luxury as a necessity of intellec- tual life. Dr. George M. Gould, who is one of the leading ophthalmic surgeons in the United States, and editor of the Medical AVezos, has in the work before us presented the profession with the completest lexicon of medical termin- ology that exists in the English language. . . . . . Dr. Gould has done for our medical language what Dr. Murray is doing for the mother tongue of English-speaking peoples. It need only be added that the work is printed in a clear type that bears witness to the careful regard of the author, as an ophthalmologist, for the reader's eyes, and is “got up’ in a style sufficiently handsome to make it an ornament to the book-shelf and strong enough to withstand the wear and tear of daily use.” ANILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE BIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES / INCLUDING THE PRONUNCIATION, ACCENTUATION, DERIVATION, AND DEFINITION OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE, ANATOMY, SURGERY, OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS, MATERIA MEDICA, PATHOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY, PEDIATRICS, OPHTHALMOLOGY, OTOLOGY, LARYN- GOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, NEUROLOGY, HISTOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, DIETETICS, LEGAL MEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, ETC., ETC. | AND THE VARIOUS SCIENCES CLOSELY RELATED TO MEDICINE BACTERIOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY, MICROSCOPY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, DENTISTRY, PHARMACY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, ELECTRICITY, VETERINARY MEDICINE, ETC. BY GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D. AUTHOR OF “THE STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY,” 30,000 MEDICAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AND DEFINED,” “THE MEANING AND THE METHOD OF LIFE”; EDITOR OF “THE PHILADELPHIA MEDICAL JOURNAL ''; PRESIDENT, 1893–1894, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE BASED UPON RECENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE (9 FIFTH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS PHILADELPHIA P. B L A K IST ON'S SON & CO . IOI 2 WA LNUT STREET I 903 COPYRIGHT, 1894, BY P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO, COPYRIGHT, 1900, BY P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO. WM. F. FELL & Co., ELECTRoTYPERS AND PRINTERS, 1220-24 SANSoM STREET, PHILADELPHIA. ;s PRE FA CE. IN this work I have conscientiously endeavored to give the greatest possible amount of lexicographic and encyclopedic knowledge within the limits of a single volume, condensed as much as is consistent with clearness, and so arranged as to furnish the student and worker with concise, accurate, and useful definitions. I have tried to satisfy the following specific desiderata:— 1. The inclusion of the many thousands of new words and terms that have been introduced into medicine during the last few years, marked as they have been by unparalleled Scientific activity and progress. To this end an almost countless number of volumes and periodicals have been systematically gleaned by myself and a tireless corps of friends and assistants. Not to have met this important and pressing need would have made this volume a work of mere inexcusable compilation and copying from the many word-books already published, instead of a fresh gathering from the living literature of the day. 2. To give the most compact epitomization of the works of older and authoritative lexicographers, including all such obsolete or obsolescent terms as may be met with in the medical encyclopedias or handbooks likely to be used by a modern student. - 3. To include all the more commonly-used terms of biology—a thing highly desirable; a. Because of the modern recognition of the great truth that general biologic Science is the foun- dation of genuine and progressive medical science; b. Because the best schools of medicine are more and more urging or making obligatory the preliminary biologic course of study ; and c. Because, so far as I know, no satisfactory lexicon of biology exists in English. 4. Keeping the size and purpose of the book well in view, to give it an encyclopedic character—not only by supplying the usual pronunciation, derivation, and definition of words, but also by showing their logical relations, their bearings, and their practical importance for the worker in literary or clinical medicine. This aim will explain a number of peculiar features, as for instance, the large number of tables, whereby at a glance one may catch the correlations of a single fact with many others, and thus at once classify and crystallize his comprehension of them. It seems deserving of mention that in modern literature there is not to be found as complete and digested a résumé of Surgical Operations, of bacteriology, of parasit- ology, of tests, and of many other subjects, as is here furnished. 5. When advisable, to give a pictorial illustration that would tell what words could not make clear. Hence, those who find the work helpful in this respect will thank the publishers for the generous supply of illustrations, a large number being new engravings from original drawings made expressly for this work. Conservatism in this respect, however difficult, has been the rule, because pictures, for example of Surgical instruments, are plenteous and to be had for the asking, and because illustrations that are useless, or that do not illustrate, might possibly have made the book superficially more attractive, but would certainly have given ground for just criticism. Besides the large number of original illustrations first presented in this volume, many have been taken or adapted from the well-known and authoritative works of Sappey, Landois, Ziegler, Piersol, Stirling, Woodhead, Holden, Tyson, Fullerton, and others. V vi PREFACE. 6. As regards orthography, to do what Professor Whitney, in the preface to his great work, Zhe Century Dictionary, says is the duty of the dictionary-maker :— “The language is struggling toward a more consistent and phonetic spelling, and it is proper in disputed and doubtful cases to cast the influence of the dic- tionary in favor of this movement, both by its own usage in the body of the text, and at the head of articles by the order of forms, or by the selection of the form under which the word shall be treated.’’ More than this I have not attempted to do, and not to have done this much would have been distinctly wrong. The lexicographer may nof impose or command, but in the interest of true and prudent progress he may suggest and advise. Both spellings are noted of words in dispute, and one is of course at liberty to accept that which he thinks best. Those who prefer to follow the older practice have against them all the best philologists, such authorities as Professor Whitney, Professor Skeat, the editors of the Standard, and of other great Dictionaries. Gradual, careful phonetic progress is a duty we all owe to our profession. I have usually recommended that in medicine the diphthongs a and a be supplanted by e ; such usage is already well established as regards many words, and the suggestion is in strict harmony with etymology and the spirit of the language. We do not spell such words as gangraene, ather, aconomy, atternal, paenalty, mediaeval, solacism, primaval, as here written, and the redundant diphthong should not be retained in diarrhaea, hamorrhage, aedema, caeliotomy, padiatric, etc. Why is the change right in one instance and wrong in the other? In the spelling of certain chemic words, the advice of The American Association for the Advancement of Science has, as a rule, been followed, and seems to be in the line of cautious and wise progress. The unanimous acceptance and practice of all these recommendations by the American Medical Editors' Association constitute a gratifying proof of progressiveness and freedom from irrational prejudice. 7. To indicate the best pronunciation of words by the simplest and most easily understood phonetic method. The plan I have used is simple and little liable to mistaking. The sylla- bification has no significance except to show the pronunciation, and in this the natural English common usage and power of letters are followed. Thus, in all but a few instances, the use of diacritic marks and vexatious signs or symbols is avoided. When a vowel stands alone or at the end of a syllable it has its natural long sound : a, as in male ; e, as in mete; f, as in mi/e, o, as in mole, u, as in mule ; when preceding, or between, consonants, the vowels have their natural short sounds, unless occasionally the use of the diacritic mark gives them the long sound, as āt (afe), Ös (ose), it (ite). In a few instances the sign, “ has been used over a, as in marriage, to distinguish the sound from that of a, as in harm. When a has the sound of ah, it has generally been written ah. In such words as cystotomy, acidity, and the like, the pronunciation of the final vowel-sound is indicated by e, as being the simplest representa- tion of the common sound not otherwise easily expressed phonetically. When s has the sound of z it is indicated by z. The pronunciation of some foreign words has been approximated by devices readily comprehended. It is impossible to adequately express my deep sense of gratitude to those who have aided me in the preparation and proof-reading of this volume. Dr. C. W. Greene, the experienced philologist, also Dr. W. A. N. Dorland, Professor Charles S. Dolley, Dr. A. A. Eshner, and Professor Burt G. Wilder, have been most self-sacrificing, and to their scientific zeal, literary experience, and tireless good-will those who find the book useful will be indebted. To Dr. Dolley, the well-known biologist, belongs unstinted praise for the preparation of the definitions of biologic terms, the table of Bacteria, and that of Parasites, as well as for a number of PREFACE. vii. original drawings. Intelligence, learning, and never-failing conscientiousness have been given almost every line of the work by Drs. Dorland and Eshner. The same is true of the work of Dr. David Riesman. & It seems almost wrong to mention in a second order the names of Professor S. H. Gage, Professor Henry Leffmann, Dr. A. C. Wood, Dr. Alfred Stengel, Professor A. P. Brubaker, Dr. J. Chalmers Da Costa, Dr. A. H. Cleveland, Mr. Ryland W. Greene, Dr. J. Hendrie Lloyd, Mr. Pierre A. Fish, Dr. D. Bevan, Dr. Emma Billstein, Dr. S. McClintock Hamill, Dr. A. H. Stewart, and others. Every author well knows, or perhaps regrets that he does not know, the blessing of a publisher and of a printer who take pride in their work above and beyond the question of dollars and cents. Such a publisher and such a printer I have had. The acceptability of the smaller dictionaries I have offered the profession (something like twenty-five thousand copies having been distributed) leads me to hope that the present more complete work will find a wider range of usefulness. PHILADELPHIA, April, 1894. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. The rapid exhaustion of the first and second editions of this dictionary permits me to correct a number of typographic and other errors, to modify some definitions, and to add new material throughout the entire extent of the book. I have profited by the kind criticisms of friends and of reviewers, and such suggestions as seemed to me just have been accepted and em- bodied in the work. In science, and especially in the science of medicine, what was true yester- day may be only half-true to-day, and may even be wholly untrue to-morrow. Old knowledge is constantly undergoing modification, and new knowledge is as constantly appearing, so that it is only by constant changes that a book seeking to reflect the condition and growth of a science can from day to day remain a perfect mirror of its progress. The most outspoken words of praise in reviews, notices, private letters, etc., as also the exhaustion in so short a time of two large editions, give evidence that the volume has found a certain field of usefulness, and, personally, nothing can be more gratifying than the assurance that one has been of distinct service to his profession and to his fellows. PHILADELPHIA, September, 1895. PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION. In the present fifth edition I have endeavored to reduce the remaining inaccuracies to a minimum. I have also added the more important of the new terms in medicine which have come into use since the issue of the fourth edition. The changes in the text number alto- gether about four hundred. GEORGE M, GOULD. PHILADELPHIA, March, rgoo. ABBREVIATIONS. ABBREVIATIONS USED ââ . . . . . . ana. . . . . . . . Of each. 3. A. c. . . . . . Ante cibum . . . . Before meals. Abdom. . . . Abdomen . The belly. . When fever is absent. . Abstract. Ad. . . . . . . Adde . . . . . . . Add. Adlib. . . . . Ad libitum . . . . At pleasure, as desired. Admov. . . . Admoveatur . . Let it be applied. Ad pond. om. Ad pondus onnium To the weight of the whole, Abs, feb. . . . Absente febre . . . . . . Abstractum . . . V. . . . . . Adversum . . . . Against. g ſº Aggred. feb. . A:...” febre . While fever is coming on. is is $ $ tº dº . Aluminum . Aluminum. Alt. dieb. . . . Alternis diebus . Alt. hor. . . . Alternis horis . . Alv. adstrict. Alvo adstricta Alv. deject. . Alvi dejectiones . . Every other day. . Every other hour. . The bowels being confined. . The intestinal evacuations. Anat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anatomy. Aq. . . . . . . Aqua . . . . . . . Water. Aq. astr. . . . Aqua astricta . . . Ice. Aq, bull. . . . Aqua bulliens Boiling water. Aq. com. . . . Aqua communis . Common water. Aq. dest. . . . Aqua destillata . . Distilled water. Aq. ferv. . . . Aqua fervens . . . Hot water. Aq. font. . . . Aqua fontana . . . Spring water. Aq mar. . . . Aqua marina . . . Ocean water. Aq. pur. . . . Aqua pura . Pure water. As. . . . . . . . . . . g . Arsenic. At. wit ſº e º 'º ſº tº e º 'º & 8 Atomic weight. Av. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Avoirdupois. B * * * * * * * * * s tº a Boron, Bowels. Ba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barium. B. A., or B S. Balneum arenae . . Sand bath. Bals. . . . . . Balsamum . Balsam. Be. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beryllium. Bi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bismuth. Bib. . . . . . Bibe . . . . . . . Drink. Biol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biology. B. i. d. . . . . Bis in die . . . . . Twice daily. B. M. . . Balneum maris . . Sea-water bath. Bol. . . . . . Bolus . . . . . . A large pill. B. p ºn tº a s = e, e a s a e º 'º e Boiling-point. Br. . . . . . . & a tº . Bromin. Bull . . . . Bulliat. . . . . . . Let it boil. B. V. . . . . . Balneum vaporis . Vapor bath. C Congius, Centi- {eº ; Cubic; A gallon; e e º ºs º º grade Centigrade. Ca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caicium. Cap. . . . . . Capiat Let him take. C. C. tº e º 'º e < e º is a tº sº Cubic centimeter. Col. © º e º is a º $ tº * * * Cadmium. Ce. tº gº tº e º sº e º º is tº $ tº Cerium. Cel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Celsius. Cent. tº a tº e º is tº e º e & Centisgrade. Cg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centiguam. C. m. . . . . . Cras mane . To-morrow morning. CIn , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centimeter, C. m. s Cras mane su- ſ To be taken to - morrow * A * * * mendus l morning. C. n. . . . . . Cras nocte . To-morrow night. Co. . . . . . . * * g g g g tº g tº obalt. Cochl . . . Cochleare , Spoonful. Cochl. ampl. . { { amplum A tablespoonful. ** infant. { { inſantis A teaspoonful. ‘‘ mag. . { { magnum A tablespoonful. ** med. . {{ medium. A dessertspoonful. “ parv. . { { parvum A teaspoonful. Col. . . . . . Cola . . . . . . . Strain Colat. . . . . Colatus . . . . . . Strained Colet. . . . . Coletur . . . . . Let it be strained. Color. . . . Coloretur . . . . . Let it be colored. Comp. . . . . Compositus . . . . Compound. Cong. . . . . Congius . . . . . A gallon. Cons. . . . . . Conserva . . . . . Keel). Contin. . . . . Continuatur Let it be continued. Continuetur Let the medicine be con- Cont. rem. . . remedium tinued. Coq. . . . . . Coque . Boil Cort. . . . . . Cortex . . . . . . Bark. * IN GENERAL MEDICINE. Crast. . . . . Crastinus . . . . . Crys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cu. . . . . . . Cuprum . . . . . Cuj. . . . . . Cujus . . . . . . . C. v. . . . . . Cras vespere . . Cyath. . . . . Cyathus . . . . . D. . . . . . . Dosis; Da Decub . . Decubitus ge De d. in d. . . De die in djem . Deg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . De R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Destil . Destilla . . . . . . Det. . . . . . Detur . . . . . . . Dieb. alt. . Diebus alternis ** tert. . . * { tertiis Dil. . . . . . . Dilue . . . . . . . Dilut. . . . . Dilutus . . . . . . Dim. . . . . . Dimidius . . . . . Dist. . . . . . Distilla . . . . . . Div. . . . . . Divide . . . . . . D. in p. aeq. . Divide in partes aequales Donec alvus soluta fuerit Donec alv. sol. fuerit, P For to-morrow. Crystal. 3. Opper. Of which. . To-morrow evening. A glassful. . . A dose; Give. . Lying down. . From day to day. Degree; degeneration. Reaction of degeneration. Distil. Let it be given. . On alternate days. . Every third day. Let it be dissolved. Dilute. One-half. Distil. Divide. Divide into equal parts. ſ Until the bowels are | opened D. P. . . . . . Directione propria With a proper direction, E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Erbium Eb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Erbium. E.-j . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elbow-jerk Ejusd. . . . . Ejusdem . . . . . Of the same. Elec. Electuarium . An electuary ; Electricity Emb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Embryology. Enem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enema. Br. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Erbium Fºxhib. . . . . Exhibeatur . . . . Let it be given. Ext. . . . . . Extractum . Extract. F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fahrenheit; Fluorin. Far. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Faradic. Fe. . . . . . . Ferrum . . . . . Iron. Feb. dur . Febre durante . The ſever continuing. F., Ft. . . . . Fac, Fiat . . . . . Make. Filt. . . . . . Filtra . . . . . . . Filter. Fld. * Fluidus . . . . . . Fluid. Flor. . . . . . Flores . . . . . . Flowers. F. m. . . . . . Fiat mistura . Make a mixture. Fol. . . . . . Folia . . . . . . Leaves. F. p. . . . . . Fiat potio . . . . . Make a potion. F. pil. . . Fiat pilula . Make a pill. F. s. a . . Fiat secundum 2 I tell] . . . . . Prepare skilfully. Galv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Galvanic. Gl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glucinum. Gm. . . . . . . . . . Grann. Gr. . . . . . . Granum . . . . . Grain. Gtt. . . . . . Guttae . . . . . . Drops. Guttat. . . Guttatinn . . . . . By drops. H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H volrogen. Hg. . . . . . Hydrargyrum . Mercurv Hl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hectoliter. Hm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hectometer. Hor. decub. . Hora decubitus . At bed-time. H. S. . . . . . Hora somni . . . . At bed-time. t I. . . Iodum . . . . . . Iodin. In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indium In d. . . . . . In die . . . . . . . Daily Inf, . . . . . Infunde . . . . . . Pour in : Inj. . . . . . Injectio . . . . . . An injection. Ir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iridium. K. . . . . . . Kalium . . . . . . Potassium. K.-j & & d e º ſº & © tº tº s a tº Knee-jerk. Kl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kiloliter Knn tº e g º e º 'º e º ºs º ºs e e Kilometer. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liter. Li. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lithium. Liq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licluor. M. . . . . . . Meridies; Misce . Noon : Mix. Mac. . . . . . Macera . . . . . Macerate. Mass. pil. ſº . . Massa pilularum 1X . Pill-mass. X ABBREVIATIONS M. ft . Mistura fiat . . . . Let a mixture be made. Mg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnesium ; Milligram. Ml. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milliliter. Mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millimeter. Mod. pre- script . . Modo praescripto . In the manner directed. Mol. wt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Molecular weight. . More solito . . . . In the usual way. Muc. . . . . . Mucilago . . . . . Mucilage. Myg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Myriagram. Myl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Myrialiter. Mym. • * * * * * * * * * * * 0. Myrianneter. • * e º 'º e tº e a e º e º e a s e Nitrogen. Na. . . . . . . Natrium . . . . . Sodium. Ni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nickel. No. . . . . . . Numero . . . . . Number. Noct. . . . . . Nocte . . . By night. O. . . . . . . Octarius . . . . . A pint. Ol. . . . . . . Oleum . . . . . . Oil. Ol. oliv . Oleum olivae . . . Olive-oil. Ol.-res . Oleoresina . Oleoresin. O. m. . . . . . Onni mane . . . . Every morning. Omn. bih . Onyni bihora . . . Every two hours, Onn. hor . Omni hora . . . . Every hour. Omn. noct. . . Omni nocte . . . . Every night. Os. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Osmium. Ov. . . . . . . Ovum . . . . . . An egg Oz. . . . . . Uncia . . . . . . . Ounce. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phosphorus, Pulse. Part. aeq. . Partes aequales . . Equal parts. Pb. . . . . . . Plumbun . . Lead. P. c. . . . . . Post cibum . . . After meals. P. C. . . . . . Pondus civile . . . Avoirdupois weight. Pd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Palladium. Phar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pharmacopeia. Pil. . . . . . . Pilula . . . . . . . Pill. Pocul . Poculum . . . . . A cup. Pond . . . Pondere . . . . . By weight. Pot. . . . . . Potio . . . . . . . Potion ; potassa. Ppt. . . . . . Preparata . . . . . . Precipitate; Prepared. P. rat. aetat . Pro rata aetatis . . In proportion to age. P. r. n. . . . . Pro re nata . . . . When required. Pt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pint. Pulv. . . . . . Pulvis . . . . . . Powder. Q. d. . . . . . Quater in die . . . Four times a day. . Q. 1. . . . . . Quantum libet . According as required. Q. p . . . . Quantum placeat . At will. Q. S. . . . . . ( ſ. sufficit . A sufficient quantity. Qt. tº e s m e º 'º e º 'º a tº e Quart. - Q. v. . . . . Quantum vis . As much as you wish. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reaumur's thermometer, Respiration. . . . . . . . Recipe . . . . . . Take. Rad. . . . . . Radix . . . . . . Root. Rb. . . . . . . . . e e e º e º e Rubidium. R. D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reaction of degeneration. Rect. . . Rectificatus . . . . Rectified. Rep. . . . . . Repetatur . . Let it be repeated. S. . . . . . . . Semis . . . . . . . Half; Sulphur. S. . . . . . . . Sigma . . . . . . . Label. S. a. . . . . . Secundum artem . According to art. Sb. . . . . . . Stibium . . . . . . Antimony. Scr . Scrupulum . . . . Scruple. Sig. . . . . . Signetur . . . . . Let it be labeled. Sig. n. pr. . Signa nomine proprio . . . . . Label with common name. Sing. . . . . Singulorum . . . . Of each. Si non val. . . Sinon valeat . . . If it does not answer. Si op. sit . Si opus sit . . . . If requisite. Solv. . . . . . Solve . . . . . . . Dissolve. Sp., or Spir. . Spiritus . . . . . . Spirit. SP. gr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specific gravity. SS. . . . . . . Semi, semissis . . One-half. St. . . . . . . et . . . . . . . . Let it stand. Su. . . . . . . Sumat . . . . . . Let him take. S. v. . . . . . Spiritus vini . . Alcoholic spirit. S. v. r. . . . . Spiritus vini rectificatus . . . Rectified spirit of wine. S. v. t. . . . . Spiritus vini tenuis Dilute alcohol, proof-spirit. Syr. . . . . . Syrupus . . . . . Syrup. T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature. T. d. . . . . . Ter in die . . . . . Three times a day. Tr., Tinct. . . Tinctura . . . . . Tincture. Ung. . . . . . Unguentum . . . . Ointment. Ur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urine. Vesic Vesicatorium . . . A blister. t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weight. V. s. b. . . . . Venesectio brachii Bleeding from the arm. Iſl. . . . . . . Minimum . . . . . Minim. 3. . . . . . . . Drachma . . . . . Dram. 9. . . . . . . . Scrupulum . . . . Scruple. 3. . . . . . . . Uncia . . . . . . . Ounce. ABBREVIATIONS THAT SHOULD ONLY BE USED UNDER HEADINGS, OR WITH A CONTEXT, RENDERING THE MEANING OBVIOUS.—Ewart. AWames of Diseases. S. C. F. . . . . . Supraclavicular Fossa. Bctasis . . . . . Bronchiectasis. Sp. C. . . . . . . Spinal Cord. Brhea . . . . . . Bronchorrhea. S. S. F. . . . . . Supraspinous fossa. Btis . . . . . . . Bronchitis. V. C. or V. B. . . Vocal Bands. G. K. . . . . . . . Granular Kidney. Mames of Signs and Symptoms. G. P. . . . . . . . General Paralysis. C/ . . . . . . . . Cough. Phth., or $9, or b. Phthisis. Cephsia . . . . . Cephalalgia. Pna . . . . . . . . Pneumonia. Hge . . . . . . . Hemorrhage. Pnx . . . . . . Pneumothorax. Ngia . . . . . . . Neuralgia. Rhc F. . . . . . Rheumatic Fever. N. S. . . . . . . . Night-sweats. Rhsm . . . . . . Rheumatism. Spm . . . . . . . Sputum. Sct F. . . . . . . Scarlet Fever. T. . . . . . . . . Tongue. Syph., or avd. . . Syphilis. Vg . . . . . . . Vomiting º Vt . . . . . . . . Vomit. Mames of Regions or Organs. Clavr . . . . . . Clavicular. In Physical Examination, Etc. I. C. F. . . . . . . Infraclavicular Fossa. H. C. . . . . . . . Humid Crepitations. Infrascr . . Infrascapular. R. S. . . . . . . . Respiratory Sound. Interscr . . . . . Interscapular. V. F. . . . . . . . Vocal Fremitus. Manny . . . . . Mammary. V. S. . . . . . . . Voice-sounds. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. & g e º 'º e s - odation. L. E. . . . . . . . Left Eye. . . A: tº $ tº a to $ tº º §: Astigmatism. #. tº ſº * * * * * * Mºyopic. * : ; ; ; ; ; ºne". Ö. f. . . . . . . . §cuius dexter—Right Eye. Ax. . . . . . . . . Axis. . . . gº . . . . . . ºf point ; P. . Base (ºf prism) ºwn. P. P. Punctum !. Far Point. B. b. . . . . . . . ( & & ( { { Out. R. E. . . . . . . . Right Eye. e B. U. . . . . . . . ( t t t t ( up. Sph. . . . . . . . Spheric, Spheric Lens. CIT, . . . . . . . . . Centimeter. Sym. . . . . . . Symmetric. - - Cyl. . . . . . . . Cylinder, Cylindric Lens. V. . . . . . . . . Vision, Visual Acuity, Vertical. D. . . . . . . . . Diopter. - +, -, - . . . . . Plus, Minus, Equal to. E. . . . . . . . . Emmetropia, Emmetropic. Co . . . . . . . . . Infinity, 29 ſt: distance. F. . . . . . . . . Formula. C . . . . . . . . . Combined with. H. . . . . . . . . Hyperopia, Hyperopic, Horizontal. ° . . . . . . . . . Degree, ABBREVIATIONS xi ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OTOLOGY. . . . . . . Applied to or in contact with Auricle. . . . . . . . Air-conduction. e º ºs º º Auris dextra–Right Ear. . . . . Auris sinistra–Left Ear. . . Bone-conduction. t . . Contact. . . . . . . . . . Dentes—applied to Teeth. s a s a 6 tº ſº º Tuning-fork. gł. . . . . . . . . Glabella—applied to Forehead. h. . . . . . . . . . Hearing Power. L. . . . . . . . . Left Ear. * º ºg º is º & 8 Applied to Mastoid. #. i s . E. . . . . . External Auditory Meatus. Meat. Aud. Int. ; M. I. . . . . . . Internal Auditory Meatus. Men. dis . . Ménière’s disease. M. flac. . . . . . Membrana flaccida; Shrapnell's membrane. M. T.; Mt. . . . . Membrana tympani. Myring. . . . . . Myringitis. - tº s a - e º ſº tº e Cómplete Lack of Perception of Sound. ot. ext, ac. . . . . Otitis externa acuta. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN A., or An . . . Anode. Amp. . . . . . . . Ampère. • C. . . . . . . . Anodal Closing. A. C. C. . . . . . Anodal Closure Contraction. A. C. O. . . . . . Anodal Closing Odor. A. C. P. . . . . . Anodal Closing Picture. A. C. S. . . . . . Anodal Closing Sound. A. D. . . . . . . . Anodal Duration. A. D. C. . . . . . Anodal Duration Contraction. A. M.. . . . . . . Ampère-meter. A. O. . . . . . . . Anodal Opening. A. O. C. . . . . . Anodal Opening Contraction. A. O. O. . . . . . Anodal Opening Odor. A. O. P. . . . . . Anodal Opening Picture. A. O. S. . . . . . Anodal Opening Sound. B. . . . . . . . . Magnetic Induction. B. A. U. . . . . . British Association Unit. C. . . . . . . . . Centigrade: Current; Cathode. C. C. . . . . . . . Cathodal Closure. C. C. C. . . . . . Cathodal Closure Contraction. C. C.’ C.” . . . . . Various Degrees of Contraction. C. C. T. . . . . . . Cathodal Closing Tetanus. C. G. S. Units. . . Centimeter-gram-second Units. C. O. . . . . . . Cathodal Opening. C. O. C. . . . . . Cathodal Opening Contraction. C. S. . . . . . . . Current-strength. D. . . . . . . . . Duration; Density. De. R. . . . . . . Reaction of Degeneration. E. . . . . . . . . Earth ; Electromotive Force. E. M. D. P . . Electromotive Difference of Potential. E. M. F. . . . . . Electromotive Force. F. M. . . . . . . . Field Magnet. H. . . . . . . . . Horizontal Intensity of the Earth’s Mag- netism ; One Unit of Self-induction. H. . . . . . . . . Intensity of Magnetic Force. I. . . . . . . . . . Intensity of Magnetism. # s e e s - * tº tº e Joule. t . . . . . . . . . Electrostatic Capacity. K. . . . . . . . . Kathode. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY. Am- indicates the group NH2. Azo-, diazo-, and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which nitro- gen atoms are linked in various ways. Di- is applied as a prefix to signify tzvo. Im- indicates the group N.H. Ket- indicates the molecule CO in certain structural re- lations. Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify, one, Nitro- indicates the group NO2, Pent- is applied as a prefix to signify five. per- denotes in a rather vague sense an indefinitely large amount of the body to which it is prefixed, or to which it is referred. Sesqui- indicates the proportion of tzvo to three. Sub- is employed in a rather vague sense to indicate defi- ciency of the body to which it is prefixed. Tetr— is applied as a prefix to signify four, Thio- indicates sulphur, especially replacing oxygen. Tri- (sometimes “ter-”) is applied as a prefix to signify three. -al indicates aldehydic structure. —an is applied to a class of bodies related to the starch and Sugar group. -ane indicates a saturated hydrocarbon. -ase indicates an enzyme, or non-organized ferment, e.g., dias- º Qtitis externa chronica. - Qtitis externa diffusa. . Otitis media suppurativa acuta. ot. ext. chron. . ot. ext. diff. ot. med. Sup, ac. ot. med. sup. chron. . . . . . Otitis media suppurativa chronica. Pol. . . . . . . . Politzer’s. Pol. Ac. . . . . . Politzer's Acouneter. R. . . . . . . . . Right Ear. S. . . . . . . . . Susurrus—a Whisper. *. . . . . . . . . . Applied to Temple. Tymp. . . . . . . §.". - wb. . . . . . . . . Ubique—when applied at all points. Z/. • . . . . . . . . Voice. V. . . . . . . . . Applied to Vertex. vib. . . . . . Vibration. - 2. . . . . . . . . Applied to Zygoma. " . . . . . . . . . OOt. // • a e º e º 'º tº e Inches. "co . . . . . . . . . Heard, but not Understood. +R. . . . . . . . Rinné's Test Positive. -R. . . . . . . . Rinné's Test Negative. ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS. K1. . . . . . . . . Klang (sound). K. C. . . . . . . . Kathodal Closing. K. C. C. . . . . . Kathodal Closing Contraction. K. C. T. . . . . . Kathodal Closing Tetanus. K. D. . . . . . . . Kathodal Duration (or Period of Closure of Circuit). K. D. C. . . . . . Kathodal Duration Contraction. K. D. T. . . . . . Kathodal Duration Tetanus. K. W. . . . . . . Kilo-watt. L. . . . . . . . . Inductance (Coefficient of); Length. M. . . . . . . . . Strength of Pole. Ma. . . . . . . . Milliampère. Mfd. . . . . . . . Microfarad. N. . . . . . . . . North Pole. O. . . . . . . . . Opening of Circuit. P. D. . . . . . . . Potential Difference. Q. . . . . . . . . Electric Quantity. R. . . . . . . . . Ohmic Resistance. S. . . . . . . . . South Pole. T. . . . . . . . . Time. Te. . . . . . . . . Tetanic Contraction. . . . . . . . . . Unit. V. . . . . . . . . Volume; Velocity. V. . . . . . . . . . Volt. V. A. . . . . . . . Voltaic Alternative. V. M. . . . . . . Volt-meter. W. . . . . . . . . Work ; Weight : Watt. * * * * * * * * * Contraction (Zuckung). Z. Z.' Z.” . . . . . §.S.; of Contraction. K - - - - - - - - - Magnetic Susceptibility. M - - - - - - - - - Magnetic Permeability. (D - - - - - - - - - Ohm. P - - - - - - - - - Specific Resistance. Q . . . . . . . . . Megohm (one-millionth part of an ohm). -|- . . . . . . . . Battery. + . . . . . . . . . Anode or Positive Pole. T - e < * * * * * * Kathode or Negative Pole. > . . . . . . . . . Greater than, as K P A. < . . . . . . . . . Less than. tase. This termination is at present restricted gener- ally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it should also be used with animal enzymes—which, however, usually end in “in.” It would thus be better to say pepsase and trypsase, rather than pepsin and trypsin. -ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying any salt formed by an acid acting on a base; e. g., sulphate, Ahosphate. -ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by an element, and incidentally in many cases a larger amount of oxy- gen. -in is of no precise significance, and is mostly applied to bodies the structure of which is not yet known. -yl, -ene, -enyl, and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. According to the American system of orthography, the only case in which “ime ’’ is used is as a termination ſor a series of hydrocarbons, beginning with Ethine, C2H8. English writers and some American chemists use it to signify basic Fººtle; regarding -in as the proper term for non-basic odies. They thus distinguish between salicin, which forms no salts with acids, and morphin (which under such system is spelled “morphine”), which does. It must be noted that such methods are not in accordance with the tendency of modern chemic nomenclature, which seeks to express structure, not properties. The organic bases xii ABBREVIATIONS or alkaloids are not all of the same type, and when their structure is elucidated systematic names will be found for them. Until then there is no particular gain in indicating them as a group. —id is similar to “in.” -ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e., presence of the group HO (hydroxyl), e.g., alcohol, glycerol, phenol. -one is applied to bodies related to the starches and sugars. It is, however, not used with this significance in “pep- ABBREVIATIONS USED IN HYGIENE AND SANITARY LAW. e º º ºs º º Advertisement. A. O. . . . . . . . Abatement Order. g a e = e º - Ashpit. • e e º 'º - Board of Health. L. . . . . . . . By-Law or By-Laws. A. . . . . . . . Confirming Authority. C. . . . . . . . County Council. - * * * * * Court of General Sessions. º, e - - - - - - Closing Order. P. . . . . . . . Contributory Place. P. . . . . . . . Cattle-plague. p. . . . . . . . Cesspits. Q. S. . . . . . Court of Quarter Sessions. S. . . . . . . . Commissioners of Sewers. S. J. . . . . . . Court of Summary Jurisdiction. I. D. . . . . . Dangerous Infectious Disease. . O. . . . . . . Demolition Order. - P. . . . . . . . Daily Penalty; 3 not exceeding; > not less than. * * * * * * * Dungpit. • * * * * * * Earth-closet. * * * * * * Foot and Mouth Disease. . O. . . . . . . . General Order. a º ºs e º e º a Inspector. A. . . . . . . . Infected Area. D. . . . . . . . Infectious Disease. P. . . . . . . . Infected Place. É. e - - - © tº 4 Improvement Scheme. A B i. D • * * * * * 0 - Justice of the Peace. e i e º e s - - Local Authority. * * * * * g º e Local Board. • * g º e London County Council. & e - - * * - - Local Enquiry. * * * * * * Local Government Board. A. . . . . . Local Sanitary Authority. . B. . . . . . Metropolitan Asylums’ Boards. . M. . . . . Metropolitan Asylums' Managers. ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR ACTS A. A. . . . . . . . Alkali Acts, 1863, 1874 (Consolidated), 1881. C. B. A. . . . . Canal Boats Acts, 1877-84, * C. D. (A.) A. . . . Contagious Diseases (Animal) Act, 1878. C. L. H. A. . . . Common Lodging Houses Act, 1851, etc. D. C. M. O . . Dairy, Cowshed, and Milk Shop Order, 1885–6. F. W. A. . . . . Factories and Workshop Act, 1878. H. W. C. A. . . . Housing of Working Classes Act, 1890. I. D. (N.) A. . Inſectious Diseases Notification) Act, 1889. I. D. (P.) A. tº - i ( - ( { (Prevention) Act, 1890. L. C. (C.) A. . . . Land Clauses (Consolidation) Acts, 1845. L. G. A. . . . . . Local Government Act, 1888. SIGNS ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. tone,” which word is not formed according to any estab- lished system. - -ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. g., glucose, although it is also occasionally applied to the results of digestion of proteids, e.g., albumose. —ous denotes the lower of two degrees of valency assumed by an element and incidentally indicates, in many cases, a small amount of oxygen. The word sulphonic indicates the group HSO3. M. M. . . . . . . Medical Man. M. O. . . . . . . Medical Officer. * M. O. H. . . . . . Medical Officer of Health. N. O. . . . . . . Nuisance Order. O. . . . . . . . . Owner; Occupier. O. C. . . . . . . . Order in Council. O. R. . . . . . . . Official Representation. P- - - - - - - - - Privy. P. A. . . . . . . Public Analyst. P. C. . . . . . . Privy Council. P. I. E. . . . . . Private Improvement Expenses. P. O. . . . . . . . Prevention Order. Prov. O. . . . . . Provisional Order. P. P. . . . . . . . Pleuro-Pineumonia, P. S. A. . . . . . Port Sanitary Authority. P. S. C. . . . . . . Petty Sessional Court, Q. S. . . . . . . . Quarter Sessions. R. A. . . . . . . . Rural Authority. - R. D. . . . . . . Rural District. i. Rg. . . . . . . . . Regulations. - R. P. C. . . . . . Rivers-pollution Commission. R. S. A. . . . . . Rural Sanitary Authority. R. S. D. . . . . . Rural Sanitary District. S. A. . . . . . . . Sanitary Authority. S. C. . . . . . . . Sanitary Convenience. º S. I. . . . . . . . Sanitary Inspector. S. O. . . . . . . Special Order. S. S. . . . . . . . Secretary of State. U. A. . . . . . . Urban Authority ; Unhealthy Area. U. D. . . . . . . . Urban District. U. H. H. . . . . . Unfit for Human Habitation. U. S. A. . . . . . Urban Sanitary Authority. U. S. D. . . . . . Urban Sanitary District. V. I. . . . . . . . Veterinary Inspector. W. C. . . . . . . . Water-closet. - W. Co. . . . . . . Water Company. W. W. . . . . . Water Works, OF PARLIAMENT. M. L. M. A. . . . Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855. M. W. C. A. . . . { { Water Companies Act, 1871. P. H. A. . . . . . Public Health (England) Act, 1875. P. H. (A.) A. . . . “ { { Amendt.) “ 1890. P. H. (I.) A. . * { ( : (Ireland) “ 1878. P. H. (L.) A. { { ( & §. “ 1891. P. H. (S.) A. . . . “ . 4 & Scotland) “ 1867. P. H. (W.) A. . . . “ { { (Water) “ 1878. P. W. L. A. . . . Public Works Loans Act, 1879. R. P. A. . . . . . Rivers Pollution Act, 1876. S. F. D. A. . . . . Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875. S. J. A. . . . . . . Summary Jurisdiction Act. O . . . . . . . . . Feet " . . . . . . . . . Inches. " . . . . . . . . . Lines; each one-twelfth of an inch, or about two millimeters, ! . . . . . . . . . A mark of affirmation or authentication. ? . . . . . . . . . A mark of doubt. * * * * * * * * * * Figures or words separated by a short dash indicate the extremes of variation, as 5–10' long, few—many flowered ; , i. e • ? varving from 5 to Io lines in length, and with few to many flowers. C.C. . . . . . . . . Cubic centimeter. CII] . . . . . . . . Centinneter. In Iſl. . . . . . . . Millimeter. M. . . . . . . . . . The Micron, Micromillimeter, or unit of Microscopic Measurement. For conven- ience of reference, the following table of comparative measurements is given :- M. Inches. p. Jºches. Inches. - |M. 1. . . . .oOoo39 6. . . . .oOo.236 rwänn 2.5399 2. . . .oOoo79 7. . . . .000276 "an . . . . . 2 S. 3. . . . .onoriš 8. . . . .oOo315 """ sº 4. . . . .oOo. 57 g. . . . .oOo354 Tº" ' ' ' 253,9972 5. . . . .OOOI97 Io. . . . .oOo394 One Meter. 39.370432 in. X . . . . . . . . . Used to express magnification, thus X 1000 indicates a magnification of 1000 diame- ters. The improper fraction 1999 indi- cates the same thing, but is rarely used. G) . . . . . . . . An annual Herb. (2) . . . . . . . . A biennial Herb. 2} . . . . . . . . . A perennial Herb. to . . . . . . . . An Undershrub, deciduous. b . . . . . . . . An Undershrub, evergreen. 5 . . . . . . . . A Shrub, deciduous. 5 . . . . . . . . A Shrub, evergreen. 5 . . . . . . . A Tree, deciduous. 5 . . . . . . . . A Tree, evergreen. h . . . . . . . . . An herbaceous Vine, annual or biennial. - - - - - * * * A woody Vine, deciduous. fe tº e e º 'º e º º A woody Vine, evergreen. tº k . . . . . . . . A trailing Herb, annual or biennial. k . . . . . . . . A trailing Herb, perennial. : . . . . . . . . An aquatic plant. § . . . . . . . . . Flowers perfect. . . . . A male animal, or a plant or flower bear- ing only stamens or antheridia. . . A female animal or a plant or flower bearing only pistils or archegonia. . . A young animal of undetermined sex, thus d’o, young male, or Qyg for young female, but Oftew (juvenis, young). . . A monocarpic plant. . . Cotyledons accumbent. . . Cotyledons incumbent. . . A plant introduced and naturalized. . . A plant cultivated for ornament. . . A plant cultivated for use. . . . Monecious. ºg& gſºe .*.*g{º e&tº. º&* tº*º e**ſº&gºgº… . Diecious. . Polygamus. wº . . . Wanting or none. s º g & ſº . . . . Numerous or indefinite; more than twenty - when applied to stamens. . . The microsecond represents .oor second or Gr the unit of time in experiments or psycho- . physic reactions. Authors' names are abbreviated in the follozving Manner:— Ait., Aiton. Bech., Bechstein. Cham., Chamisso. Dum., Duméril, etc. - - Nupt, signifies in ornithology, breeding plumage. hornot, means a bird of the year. -aceae, a suffix used in botany to designate a family, the name chosen being one of the principal genera. Ex., Rosa, Ros- aceae, Ranunculus, Ranunculaceae. Cf., iceae, ideae, inea, & Cº. -ana, preferably used as a suffix to the name of a species around which others naturally cluster, in the naming of subsections or groups of species; e.g., the group of species of Helix related to H. pomatia may be indicated by the term Pomatiana. - -ensis, a termination given to the names of species only when - derived from the name of their habitat; e. g., Tania madagascariensis, Daphne chinensis, Dracaena brasili- €72S2S. Eu-, employed as a prefix in forming the names of genera, sub- genera, or sections of genera before a Greek derivative. Excl. gen., exclusit genus. Excl. sps., exclusit species. Excl. var., exclusit varietas, when following an onym, indi- cates that the group has undergone revision, and the name does not cover the original ground to the extent indicated. -ia, -ius, -ica, -icus, -ina, -inus, -ita, -itus, terminations used in making specific names which are derived from the name of a river or other body of water, a province, a country, or a kingdom ; e. g., arabicus. -iceae, -ideae, -ineae, suffixes usef in botany to designate a family when the name taken ends in Latin -ix or -is (genitive icis, idis, iscis): e. g., Salicine& from Salix, Perberideae from Berberis, Tamariscinea from Tamariz. -eae, as a rule, these suffixes, together with ea, are employed to designate botanic sub-families, tribes, and sub-tribes; e.g., Rosea from Rosa. -idae, -inae, the suffixes added to the name of the earliest known or most characteristic genus, to designate zoölogic ABBREVIATIONS xiii SUNDRY ABBREVIATIONS. Adj. . . . . . . . Adjective. Adv. . . . . . . . Adverb. Am. . . . . . . . American. Arab. . . . . . . . Arabic. A. S. . . . . . . . Anglo-Saxon. Bot. . . . . . . . Botany. Botanic. B. Ph. . . . . . . British Pharmacopeia. Celt. . . . . . . . Celtic. Cf. . . . . . . . . Confer, see. 2hem. . . . . . . Chemistry, Chemic. Colloq. . . . . . . Colloquial. Comp. . . . . . . Compounded, Compound. Dim. . . . . . . . Dinninutive. *... g . . . . . . . (Erempli gratia), For example. Elec. . . . . . . . Electricity. Eng. . . . . . . . English. * Etym, . . . . . . Etymology, Etymologic. e e s s is is ſº e º 'º' Fenninitle. Fr. . . . . . . . . French. e Geog. . . . . . . . Geography, Geographic. Geol. . . . . . . . Geology, Geologic. Georn. . . . . . Geometry, Geometric. Ger. . . . . . . German. G. Ph. . German Pharmacopeia. GT. . . . . , Greek. Heb. . . . . . . . Hebrew. Hind. . . . . . . Hindustani. Ichth. . . . . . . Ichthyology. . i. e. . . . . . . . . (id est), that is. . Italian. families or sub-families; e. g., Strix, Strigts, Strigidae, Aucerotis, Bucerotidae. gº -ites, -itis, frequently employed to designate fossil organisms analogous to the living form whose generic name is the radical to which ites is appended. They are rarely used with specific names. Mutatis char., mutatis characteris, when following a specific name signifies a change in the diagnostic characters of a species. -astrun, -oidea or -oides, -oidalis, -oideum, -opsis, termina- tions employed in forming generic, sub-generic, or specific names after a Greek derivative. Bourguinat suggests that astrum be reserved to be appended to the 11ame of , a genus to indicate its typical sub-division. Opsis and oides should be reserved for sub-divisions of a genus which resemble another genus, by adding them to the name of that other #e. when it is of Greek origin. -oides is preferably reserved for specific names of Greek or barbarous (never Latin) origin. (a) When the radical of the specific name is the name of a genus which it resembles, e. g., Salia myrtilloides, Bupleurum ramunculoides, Malva ačutiloides, Thuja. cupressoides. (b) When the radical is the name of another species which the new one resembles. Aſelix carascaloides, a species like B. carascalensis. (c) When the radical of the specific name is a Greek word signifying an animal, organ, part, object, as Potentilla arachnozdea, Prenazz//les deltoidea, Jungermannia zoöp- sis, icthyoides, rhomboidale, pterigoideus, paraboloides, dezzdrozdezzs. - Only one apparent exception to the compounding of Greek and Latin has been consecrated by usage; viz.: ovoides from ovum and evöos; this has arisen from the absence of euphony in the correct form, ooides (&ov, and evöos). pro-parte, for a part, when following a specific name indi- cates that since its first application the group has been revised. Pseudo-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before a Greek derivative. -pteris, a termination frequently employed in the generic mames of ferns, for the purpose of recalling the affinities of the genus. - sp. (I) In zoölogy, abbreviation of species, written when the specific name is not known or is wanting, or if placed after the name of the authority, as Crania craniolaris, Linné sp., indicates that Linné is only to be credited with the specific name. (2) In botany, species or specimen. Sub-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before a Latin derivative. It may also be used in designating a new species before the name of another with which the first was in intimate relation. It is also used in the sense of nearly, less, somewhat, slightly. It has, moreover, a few legitimate Latin compounds which may be used for specific names ; e.g., subterranezes, subalpinzas-a-um, sub- currens, subcutaneus, subdimidiatus, subjectus, sub- mzersus, suðrotundus, substratus. Sub-sp., subspecies. gen., genus. var., variety, placed before the name of a plant or animal indicates that it is a hybrid of doubtful origin. - L., or Lat. . . . . Latin. Masc. . . . . . . Masculine. Math. . . . . . . Mathematics. Med. . . . . . . . Medicine, Medical. M. E. . . . . . . . Middle English. N. F. . . . . . . . National Formulary. Nat. Hist . . Natural History. Neg. . . . . . . . Negative. Obs. . . . . . . . Obsolete. O. F. . . . . . . . Old French. Ophth. . Ophthalmology, Ophthalmologic. Path. . . Pathology, Pathologic. Phil. . . . . . . . Philosophy, Philosophic. Phys. . . . . . . Physiology, Physiologic. pl. . . . . . . . . Plural. priv. . . . . . . . Privative. Pron. . . . . . . . Pronounced, Pronunciation. 9, 22. . . . . . . . . (Quod vide) which see. Sax. . . . . . . Saxon. Sing. . . . . . . . Singular. Sp. . . . . . . . . Spanish. Surg . . Surgery, Surgical. Unof. . . . . . . Unofficial. U. S. Ph. . . . . . United States Pharmacopeia. V. . . . . . Verb. v. i. . . . . . . Intransitive verb. vide . . . . . . . ee. v. t. . . . . . . . Transitive verb. Zool. . . . . . Zoology, Zoologic. xiv. ABBREVIATIONS PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN MEDICAL TERMS. PREFIXES. A-, an-, called alpha privative (Gr, a, av, or apº), the equiva- lent of our prefix, un-, or in-, denotes an absence or want of the thing or quality expressed by the principal; e. g., adynamia, anaërobic, aphasia, apraxia, apyre aria, astigmatism, alony, etc. a is used before consonants, art before vowels, and, rarely, am before bl or òr. (To be distinguished from ama.) Ad- (ad), to, at, toward, as, adduction, adhesion. The d is often changed in the compound to correspond to the next letter, as accretion, appendi ar. Al-(Arab.) article the ; e. g., alchemy, the secret art; alcohol, the very subtle. Amphi- (or amph-) (&pidt), upon both sides, in two ways, as in amphiarthrosis, amphibia, etc. Ana- (&vá). Up, through, again; e. g., anabolism, amasarca, amatomy, etc. Anti- (or ant-) (divri). Against, opposed to, opposite of; as antaphrodisiac, antibrachium, antipyretic, antiseptic, etc. Apo- (6tró}. Off, away, upon ; e. g., aponeurosis, apoplexy, etc. Auto- (autós). Self; as autopepsia, autopsy. Bary- (Baptis). Heavy, difficult; as barymezia, bar3.phonia, etc. Bi-, bin- (bis). Twice, twofold; e. g., bicuspid, bivalent, binoc- zºlar, binaural. Bio- (Bios). Life, e.g., bioplasm, biology, biolysis. Brach- (8paxtov). Arm, pertaining to the arm; as brachialgia, brachiozzczęs. Broncho- (8póyxos). Pertaining to the trachea ; as bronchor- rhagia, bronchotomy. Cardi-, cardio- (kapôta). Pertaining to the heart, as cardio- gram, cardialgia. Celio-, coelio- (kotata). Pertaining to the belly, as celiotomy, coºliac. Chiro- (xeip). The hand. Chiragra, chiropodist. Co-, con-. Together, along with ; e. g., coitus, congenital. Dacryo- (66 kpwov). A tear, pertaining to a tear; as dacryoid, dacryo-cystidis. Dactyl- (86 ktvXos). A finger; pertaining to the fingers; as dactylitis, dactylion, dactylate. Dermo-, dermato- ć.) The skin; pertaining to the skin; ob- (º). e g., dermotomy, dermatolysis. e Di- (6:3). Twice, double; as dimorphism, digastric. . ſº Dia- (8v8). Through. Examples: diabetes, diagnosis, dia- phragm, diarrhea, etc. Dyn- (8 ºvants). Force, power; dynamogeny, dynamograph. Dys- (8vº). Difficult, defective, painful; e.g., dysentery, dysp- nea, dyszaria. Ec-, ex-, ecto- (ék, Šć, Škrós). Out, outside, away from ; as in ecchymoses, ecdemic, eclampsia, earostosis, earanthema, ectropion, ectoderm. En-, em- (év, Šu). In, within ; as in embryo, embolism, en- demic, etc. Endo-, ento- (évrós). Within, internal ; e. g., endarteritis, endoscope, entoblast, entoptic. Entero- (Évrepov). ostomy, etc. Epi- (€ut). Upon, over, above; epista aris, epidemic, etc. Extra- (Lat.). Outside ; e. g., eartrazyasation, eartroversion. Galact- (yd Aa). Milk: as galactocele, galactozemia, galacturia. Gastro- (yaatip). The stomach ; relation to the stomach ; e.g., gastrocele, gastrocnemius, gastroenterostomy, etc. Genio- (yevstov). Pertaining to the chin ; e. g., geniohyoglos- sus, geniohyoid. Glosso- (y\óorora). Pertaining to the tongue. glossoplegia, glossofthºffa. Haema-, haemato- or hemo- (§upa). The blood ; pertaining to the blood. See hematemesis, hematoma, hemorrhage, etc. Hemi- (hwt-huvaiſs). Half; as in hemiachromatopsia, hemi- crania, hemiplegia. Hepat- (#trap). The liver; pertaining to the liver. See hepat- emphraxis, hepatization, hepatopostema. Hetera- (£retros). Different; opposite; e. g., heteroinfection, heterologous, heteropathy. Hydro-, hydr- (58top). Water; resembling or relating to water, dropsy, etc.; as in hydremia, hydragogue, hydrate, hydrocephalus, etc. Hyper- (trép). Excess; exaggerated abnormality in amount, size, quality, etc. See hyperesthesia, hypermetropia, Jºwperøyre aria, hypertrophy, and others. s Hypno- (ºrvos). , Sleep. See hypnoffathy, hypnotism. * Hypo- (wiró). Diminution as to degree, amount, size, quality, etc., or that located under or beneath ; e. g., hyposthenia, hypoblast, hypochondriac, hypodermatic, hypoglossal. Hysterå-, hystero- (wortépa). The uterus or womb : relation to the uterus; e.g., hysterectomy, hystero epilepsy, hysteroffezia, etc. * & 6 º ºs Ileo- (//enum). Pertaining to the ileum . e. g., ileo-colitis, ileo- typhºus. e.g., epiblast, epicranium, See glossology, The intestine ; as in enterocele, enter- Ilio- ( Ilium). Jumbar. In-, in- (In). Pertaining to the ilium ; e.g., ilio femoral, ilio- : Privative, negative; as imperforate, incarcer- atton, tºtsane, incontinence. In- (ev). In, within, upon, by ; as incubation, in/arction, 77t- Jilammation, ſnoczt latton, etc. - Infra- (Infra). Beneath, below; e. g., inframa.arillary, in- frascapular. Inter- (/nter). Between. trigo, and others. Intra- (Intra). zeterime. Iso- (loos). Equal, like; e.g., isometric, is othermal, iso/athy. Kata-, kath- (kará). Down, through ; as katabolism, katatonia, AEathode. Leuko- (Asukós). Whiteness; leukomain, leukorrhea. , Lith-, litho- (Au00s). Pertaining to stone, calculus, or lithic acid. See lithemia, lithiasis, lithotripsy, etc. Macro- (wakpós). Largeness, hypertrophy; as in macroglossia, macromelia. Mal- (Malus). Bad ; as malformation, malpractice, malaria Melano- (wéAas). Blackness, pigmentation ; e g., melancholia, melano-Sarcoma. Meso- (wéoros). The middle ; e.g., mesoblast, mesocolon, etc. Meta- (uetá). With, after; e. g., metabolism, metalarsus. Micro- (Mukpós). Smallness; e.g., micrococcus, microglossia, microscope. Mon-, mono- (wévos). Singleness. For example, monamin, monomania, monorchis. Morpho- (Mopóñ). Shape, form ; e.g., moſphography, morphol- ogy, morphometry., . Multi- (multus). See intercellular, intercostal, inter- Within, inside of, as intra-articular, intra- 6. 8 . , leukemia, leukocyte, Number, many; e. g., multilocular, multi- parous. - Myelo- (uveXós). Referring to the brain or spinal cord; as myeloid, myelitis. Myo- (wús). Pertaining to a muscle or to muscularity. See myocard it is, myoma, myopathy. Neo- (váos). New, recent, young; as neogala, neo-membrane, zzeoplasm. Nephr- (veſppos). Pertaining to the kidney; e. g., nephra- postasis, nephria, nephritis. Neuro- (veupov). Relating to a nerve or to neurology. In the ori- ginal Greek the word meant a cord or tendon, neurosis, the stringing of the bow. It is now applied only to nerve-structure; as, e. g., neuralgia, neurasthenia, ave urilemma, neuroglia. In front of, against, denoting hindrance or ob- struction; e. g., obstruent, obturator, occlusion, op- O726°72S. º odontº (ööows). Of the teeth; as odontology, odontalgia. Oligo- (ÖAiyos). Fewness or lack of, as oligocythemia. Ophthalmo- (6:50axpés). , Pertaining to the eye, as ophthal- mia, ophthalmoplegia. Ortho- (opéâs). Straight, upright, correct. See orthoscope, orthopedia, orthopra-ris. Osteo- (borteou). Referring to bone. Žtis, osteoplastic. Oto- (ois). Pertaining to the ear, as otorrhea, otophone, Oxy- (wéüs). Denoting the presence of oxygen, or acidity; as oxygen, oayhemoglobin. * * Pan-, Pant- (Tāş, trav). All, every, universal; as pancreas, pangenesis, pantomorphic. Para- (tapá). Through, near, by, by the side of abnormality. Examples: paracentesis, paresthesia, parenchyma, pay- See osteoblast, osteomyel- otid. Peri- (trept). About, around. See, e. g., pericardium, peri- meter, perilym/h, periosteum. - Pod- (rows). Pertaining to the foot, as podalgia, flodedema. Poly-, pol- (troAVs). Many, much ; e.g., polycoria, polygalac- tia, polyuria. g - Prae-, pre- (Prae). Before; e.g., praecordia, frepuce. Pro- (ºpć). Before, down; as in process, procidentia, prolapse, proptosis. . g Proc-, procto- (Tpºoktós). The anus, pertaining to the anus; e.g., proctitis, proctoplegia. Pseudo- (levóñs). False, spurious; as in pseudarthrosis, pseudo- cyes?s. • Pyo- (rùov). Pertaining to pus or purulency; e.g., flyogenic, Ayosalpina". Pyr-, pyro- (trop). Concerning fire or heat, or inflammation; e.g., flyrogenous, fyrexia. . Retro- (Retro). Backward, behind; e. g., retroflex, retro- 2/67°S 1072. Rhin-, Rhino- (his). Pertaining to the nose, as rhinoplasty, rhinitis. & g * Semi- (Semis). Half, partly, almost, as semicaptum, semi- Auzza?". - f | Sub- (Sub Super- (Super). ABBREVIATIONS Sphyg- (ordºvywós). Pertaining to the pulse, as sphygmometer, #"; of, as subclavian, sublazºration. superfecundation. Beneath, under; and also partialty or deficiency Above, upon ; excess of; e. g., supercilium, XV Supra- (Supra). Above, upon, superior to, as suffraorbital, supraspinatus. Sym-, syn- (giv). With, together, same. See, e. g., symbleph- aſon, symphysis, synalgia, synchondrosis. Zoë- (£oov). Animal. See zoölogy, zoöchemia. SUFFIXES. -ago (agere). Gives the idea of activity, presentation, etc.; as lumbago. - -agogue (āyeuv, to bear off, carry away). Signifies an agent stimulating the function of excretion or secretion of the product. Thus, emmenagogue, hydragogue, sialagogue. -agra (āypa, an attack, seizure). Denotes an acute attack of pain in the part, as arthragra, podagra. -algia (äAyos, pain). ...Pain in a part, expressed by the chief word; e. g., cephalalgia, gastralgia. -atresia (6tpmova). Imperforate, as in proctatresia. -cele (kīAm). A tumor, hernia, or protrusion. See cystocele, hydrocele, mening ocele. -cele, coele (kotAta). A cavity, ventricle; e. g., mesocele. -ectomy (ektépivelv). Excision, exsection; as in oëphorectomy, nephrectomy, splenectomy. - , -emia, (aua, bloody. Denotes a condition of the blood, or an ingredient in the same, expressed by preceding word ; e.g., hydremtia, lithemia, Ayemia, uremia. -etin (āntávn) Used in the names of certain resins, as abietin. -fuge (ſugare, to expel). Driving out, an expeller, as vermi- Juge, febrifuge, etc. -graph, graphy (ypáðelv, to write). An instrument; a treatise or description ; e.g., sphygmograph, demography. -ia, often contracted to ~9, denotes the quality of the root-word as an abstract noun, as akromegalia, akromegaly. -idae (-áēms). The suffix to the name of a genus forming the name of a family; bovidae, equidae. -igo. A variation of -ago; e.g., frurigo, vertigo. -is, -sis. Present the abstract idea of activity of the root-word. -ism (-valuos). , Implies the doctrine, practice, or theory of the principal word; Darwinism, tribadism. -ite (-irms). Of the nature of. In anatomy, denoting a constit- uent part of an organ; as sergite, sternite. In chemistry, any salt of an -ous acid; as sulphite, phosphite. -itis (-iris). Originally the feminine ending of Greek substan- tives and denotes an especial activity of the root-word. By habit and general use it is now limited to inflam- matory activity; as gastritis, otitis, etc. -logy (Aéyos, discourse). A treatise upon; as bacteriology, dermatology, pathology. -lysis (Augus, a loosening). A separation into constituent parts, or the setting free of some part; as hydrolysis, analysis. -malacia (Mºakos, soft). Abnormal softness; as in osteo- analacta. - -mania (uavia, madness). The chief word denotes the principal symptom of the mental affection ; e. g., erotomania, Aleptomania, etc. -meter (uerpov, a measure). An instrument for measuring; e.g., ačrometer, urinometer. -odynia oëvvm, excessive pain). The principal word denotes the seat of great pain, as coccygodynia. * -oid (étéos, form). Similar in shape, etc.; as in choroid, cuboid, sphenoid, ziphoid. a-OIn 2 ; A tumor, e.g., glioma, sarcoma. - -opia (ºil). Pertaining to the eye or vision ; as in amblyopia, myopia, etc. -orium, -torium, -sorium (Tiptov). Designate places, tools. etc.; as tentoriumz, auditorium, etc. -osis, -osus, derived from Greek words in -ów, and usually denote fulness, redundancy, excess. -pathy (tró60s). A condition of disease, and also a method of § as adenopathy, psychopathy, homeopathy, hydro- pathy. -phobia (ºses. fear). Morbid or exaggerated fear or dread, as agoraphobia,º -plasty (tradio arevv, to form). Surgical plastic operation upon a part : e. g., ble/hazºoplasty, 7th inoplasty. -rhagia (bmyvvut, to burst forth). A hemorrhage or excessive discharge ; e. g., blennorrhagia, metrorrhagia. -rhaphy (badm, a suture). A stitching or suturing of a part; as enterorrhaphy, perineorrhaphy. -rhea (péeuv, to flow). An excessive discharge or excretion ; as blenmorrhea, diarrhea, leukorrhea. -scope (orkotre iv, to look). An instrument for making an exam- º ination ; as laryngoscope, microscope. -scopy (orkoweeuv). An examination ; as ophthalmoscopy. -stomy (artópla, mouth). A suffix seen in the names of those surgical operations in which an artificial opening or pas- sage is formed, as enterostomy. -tas, -ty. Derived originally from the Greek -rms, denote ab- stract quality or idea, as immunity, acidity. –tio, -atio, -tion. A suffix of verbal roots denoting an action or function as taking place—an occurrence. The m was added to the original -tio by Roman and French in- fluence. -tomy (tépivetv, to cut). Incision ; e.g., laparodomy, tenotomy. -ulus, -ula, -ulum, -ola, -ion, -ellus, -illus, -leus. Diminu- tives. - —uria (oupsetv, to urinate). Abnormalities of the urine or of urination ; as albuminuria, polyuria. DEGREES, DIPLOMAS, AND QUALIFICATIONS. A. A. S. . . . . . Fellow of the American Academy. A. B. or B. A. . . Bachelor of Arts. A. M. . . . . . . . Master of Arts. C. M. . . . . . . . Master in Surgery. D. D. S. . . . . . Doctor of Dental Surgery. D. P. H. . . . . . Diploma in Public Health. D. S. M. . . . . . Diploma in State Medicine. D. S. S. . . . . . . Diploma in Sanitary Science. F. B. S. . . . . . Fellow of the Botanical Society. F. B. S. Ed. . . . Fellow Botanical Society of Edinburgh. F. C. S. . . . . . Fellow of the Chemical Society. F. E. S. . . . . . . Fellow of the Entomological Society. F. F. P. S. G. . . Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, F. K. Q. C. P. I. . Fellow of the King and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland. F. L. S. . . . . . Fellow of the Linnaean Society. F. R. C. P. L. . . Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London. F. R. C. P. Ed. . . Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. F. R. C. P. I. . Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians - - of Ireland. --- F. R. C. S. E. . Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons - - of England. - F. R. C. S. Ed. . . Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. F. R. C. S. I. . Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. - F. R. S. _. . . . . Fellow of the Royal Society. F. R. S. E. . . . . Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. F. R. S. L. . . . . Fellow of the Royal Society of London. L. A. H. . . . . . Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Hall, Dublin. L. D. S. . . . . . Licentiate in Dental Surgery. L. F. P. S. G. . Licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. L. K. Q. C. P. I. . Licentiate of the King and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland. LL.B. . . . . . . Bachelor of Laws. LL. D. . . . . . . Doctor of Laws. . . . Licentiate of the Royal College of Physi- cians of London. . Licentiate of the Royal College of Physi- cians of Edinburgh. . Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. . Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. ę & s tº º Licentiate of the Apothecaries’ Society of London. S. S. . . . . . . Licentiate in Sanitary Science. A. . . . . . . . Master of Arts. B. . . . . . . Bachelor of Medicine. D. . . . . . . Doctor of Medicine. . Member of the King and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland. w e º $ tº Member of the Pharmaceutical Society. . . . Member Royal College of Chemistry. L. . . Member of the Royal College of Physicians of London. . Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. . Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. E. . . Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. . Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. . . Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. . Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. . . . . Master in Surgery. . . . . . . Bachelor of Philosophy. * * * * * * Doctor of Philosophy. S. . . . . . . . Veterinary Surgeon. C. INDEX OF TABLES AND IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS, WHEREIN LARGE NUMBERS OF FACTS ARE BROUGHT TOGETHER AND CLASSIFIED. - Abbreviations, . . . . . . . . Prefixes and Suffixes, Acids, . . . e Alcohols, . . Aldehyds, Anesthetics, Angles, . . . . . . . . . Arteries (///ustrated), . . . Artificial Feeding of Infants, Bacteria (Z//ustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . Bandages (Illustrated), . . . Baths, . . . . . tº E tº Batteries, Electrical, used in Medicine, . . Bones (///ustrated), . . Breath Sounds, . . . . . . . Canals, . . . . . . Carbohydrates, * * * g e º 'º e º ſº tº º e Catheters, Sizes of (Illustrated), Cereals, is tº dº ſº Cheese, . . . . . . Condensed Milks, . . is a tº e º º ſº e º e tº Convolutions of Cerebrum (Illustrated), Craniometric Points, . . . . . . . . . Diameters, Craniometric and Pelvic, Diseases, Eponymic, . . . Doses, Gaubins’ Table, . . . . Ducts, . . . . tº g { } {e Electric Units, . * tº gº tº de e º e º e º 'º Elements, Chemic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethers, . * Exanthemata, . . Fetometry, . . . . . e s tº e sº Fetus, Positions and Presentations of, . . Fevers, e tº º e º ºs & e tº º ºs º ºs e º & tº * * * * * * * * * g º e g * e º e º ºs e º º is tº gº tº tº e º 'º e ºs © º º ºs tº ſº & © tº & & e º e º ſº & is a e º ºs e s e º e º º º e e º e º is a tº e º 'º ſº tº E tº e g is tº e º ºs º º as º ºs s tº ſº º ge e º . * * * * * * * * * * * tº º Fissures, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flour, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foramina, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ganglia, tº e º te e g g g : e º 'º º tº ſº tº Glands, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handkerchief Dressings (Illustrated), Hernia (Z//ustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrocarbons, tº ſe e º 'º e º 'º tº tº º is tº Insanity, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Knots, Surgical (Illustrated), . . . . . . . . . Koumiss, Analysis of, . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamina, tº e Laws, . tº a tº Leukomains, . . . Life, Expectation of, . . . . . . . . . . . Ligament (///ustrated), . . . . . . . . Lines or Lineae, . a e s e º e º 'º e º a s Localization (Z//ustrated), . . . . . . . . . . Membrana, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metric System, . . . . . * e o e o e o o s 2 xvi Milk, Analysis of, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monstrosities, . . . . . . . . . dº ſº tº is is & Motor Points (Illustrated), , . . . . . . . . . Mulatto, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Murmurs, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & Muscles (Z//ustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . Nerves (Zllustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuclei, * * * * > * * * * tº ſº Oils, . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º 'º e º e Qleomargarin, Analysis of, . . . . . . . . . . . Operations, Eponymic, . . . . . . . . . . . . Organotherapy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paralyses, * * * * * * tº e º e o is Parasites (Illustrated), . . . . . . . . Pelves (///ustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phthisis, . . . . . . . . . . . . Pigments, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Planes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plates, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plexuses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poisons, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Position, and Position and Direction, . . . . . . Postures (Illustrated), Pregnancy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ptomains, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rales, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reflexes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regions (Illustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . Resins, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Respiration, . . . . . e e º ºs e º ºr a tº ſº e Signs and Symptoms of Disease, . . . . . . . . Sinuses (///ustrated), . . . . . . . . . . . . Skin Diseases, . . . . . º Soaps, . . . . . . . º Spaces, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spectacle Lenses, Numbering of, . . . . . º Spinal Cord, Localization in (Illustrated), . Stains, Fluids for Fixing and Hardening, etc., . . Starches (Illustrated), º Sugars, . . . . Sutures (Illustrated), Tests, tº ºr Theories, . . . . . . . . . Thermometers, Comparison of, Treatments, . tº Triangles, * * * * * * * * * Tumors (Z//ustrated), . . . . . . . Urinary Calculi, Analysis of, * Urinary Sediments (Illustrated), . . . Urine, Colors of the, . * * * Veins, . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº tº Wave-lengths. and Frequencies of Light, . . . . Weights and Measures (Illustrated), . . º e º is º tº º & tº dº tº º o tº tº AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES. A [ä, äv, or àp, without]. The Greek letter alpha, called alpha privative, equivalent to the prefix un or in. It denotes absence or want of the thing or quality expressed by the root of the word. a- is used before consonant, and an- before vowel sounds; am- is sometimes used before -bl or -be. Also, the symbol of Anode. Aa [ävá, of each]. An abbreviation, written ää, used in prescriptions to denote repetition of the same quan- tity for each item. âââ. Abbreviation for Amalgam. Aasmus (a-asſ-mus) [äaopuég, a breathing out]. Asthma. Ab [ab, from J. A. Latin prefix signifying from. Abaca (ab/-ak-ah, Sp. pron. ah-wah-kah/). Manilla hemp. See Aemp. Also Musa textilis, the plant which produces it. Abactinal (ab-a/-tin-a/) [ab, away; actina/, the oral surface of a radiate animal]. In biology, aboral. Agassiz's term for the surface of radiates opposite to that having the mouth. Abactio (ab-aē/-she-o), [abigere, to drive away]. An abortion, or labor, artificially induced. Abactus Venter (ab-a/-tus ven/-ter) [abigere, to drive out; venter, the belly]. An abortion procured by artifi- cial means. Abadie's Sign. . See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Abalienated (ab-ā/-yen-a-fed) [abalienatus, alienated, estranged]. I. Deranged, or insane. 2. Gangrenous, or so severely injured as to require amputation or extir- pation. Abalienation (ab-al-yen-a/-shun) [abalienatio; ab, away; alienare, to transfer]. Decay, especially mental decay, insanity. Abanet. See Abnet. Abaptista (ah-bag-tis/-tah). Same as Abaptiston. Abaptiston (ah-bag-tis/-ton) [ä priv.; Bártaroc, im- mersed]: A trephine so shaped that penetration of the brain is impossible. Abarthrosis (ab-ar-thro/-sis) [ab, from; arthrosis, a joint]. Same as Diarthrosis, or Aðarticulation. Abarticular (ab-ar-tiâ’ -at-lar) [ab, from; articulus, joint]. Not connected with or situated near a joint. Abarticulation (ab ar-tié-u-la/-shun) [ab, from; articu- *atio, joint]. I. Same as Diarthrosis, a term more frequently used; sometimes also a synonym of Symar- throsis. 2. A luxation; the dislocation of a joint. Abasia (ah-la/-ze-ah).[á priv.; 3ágic, a step]. Motor incoërdination in walking. See Astasia, Abasic (ak-bā’-siè). Pertaining to, or affected with, abasia. Abatement (a-bät/-ment) [ab, from; batuere, to strike]. Mitigation or decrease in severity of pain, or of any untoward symptom or condition. Abattoir (ah-bat-war') [Fr.]. A slaughter-house or establishment for the killing and dressing of animals. Abaxial (ab-a/-se-al) [ab, from; axis, an axle]. Not situated in the line of the axis. In botany, indicating that the embryo is not in the axis of the seed. Abbé Condenser. See Illuminator, Abbé. A. Illumi- nator. See ///uminator. Abbé's Apochromatic Lenses. See Apochromatic Aens. A. Catgut Rings, rings composed of eight or ten turns of heavy catgut in the shape of an oval, with inside diameter of two inches, for use in intesti- nal anastomosis. Abbreviate, or Abbreviated (ab-bre/-we-a-ſed) [ab, from; breviare, to shorten]. Shortened, cut short. Abbreviations (ab-bre-ve-a/-shunz). See List of Abbre- ziations in introductory matter. Abdomen (ab-do'-men or ab/-do-men). [abaere, to hide]. The large inferior cavity of the trunk, extending from the pelvic cavity to the diaphragm, and bounded in front and at the sides by the lower ribs and abdomin | muscles, and behind by the vertebral column, the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles. It is artificially divided into nine regions by two circular lines, the upper parallel with the cartilages of the ninth ribs, the lower with the iliac crests, and by two lines from the cartilages of the eighth rib to the center of Poupart's ligament. The regions thus formed are, above, the right hypochon- driac, the epigastric, and the left hypochondriac; Secondly, the right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar; and below, the right inguinal, the hypogastric and the left inguinal. A., Pendulous, a relaxed condition of the abdominal walls in which they hang down over the pubis. Abdominal (ab-dom/-in-al) [abdere, to hide]. Pertain- ing to or connected with the abdomen. A. Aneurysm. See Aneurysm. A. Aorta. See Artery. A. Apo- neurosis. See Aponeurosis. A. Brain, the solar plexus. A. Compress, a form of local pack, made by forming folds of a coarse linen towel of sufficient breadth to reach from the ensiform cartilage to the pubis; one of the folds is then wrung out of cold water, applied, and the remainder is rolled around the body so as to retain it in position. A. Ganglia. See Garaglia. A. Gestation. See A regnancy, AExtra- atterine. A. Hysteria, an hysterical condition simulat- ing peritonitis, in which the abdomen becomes extremely painful to the touch, swollen, and distended with gas, attended with temporary rise of temperature. A. Line, the linea alba. A. Muscles, the internal and external obliques, the transversalis, rectus, pyramidalis, and quad- ratus lumborum. See Muscles, Table of A. Pore, a name applied to the openings connecting the peritoneal 2 17 ... ABDOMINO-ANTERIOR cavity of a few fishes with the urino-genital cloaca, and employed in the outward transportation of the A. Press. generative products. See Arelum Abdo- * * * A & .**** W UMB 1 LICAL . §º AON * t ºfºrº §INāş. ABDOMINAL REGIONs. A. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. A. Re- minale. gions. See Abdomen. A. Respiration, R. carried on chiefly by the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. A. Ribs, transverse ossifications (dermal?) of the abdominal wall of crocodiles and certain other reptiles. A. Ring, External, a triangular opening in the fibers of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle trans- mitting the spermatic cord of the male and the round ligament of the female. A. Ring, Internal, an oval aperture in the fascia transversalis that transmits the spermatic cord of the male and the round ligament of the female. A. Scutella, the broad, belly scales of serpents, so far as the anus. A. Section. See Celi- otomy. A. Segments, the more or less evident trans- verse divisions or somites of the abdomen in arthropods. A. Typhus, Enteric Fever. A. Vertebrae, those vertebrae in fishes, that give off ribs or processes arching the visceral cavity. Abdomino-anterior (ab-dom/-in-o-an-deſ-re-or). Hav- ing the belly forward (used of the fetus in utero). Abdomino-genital (ab-dom/-in-o-jen/-it-a!). Relating to the abdomen and the genitalia. A. Nerve, Inferior, the ilio-inguinal nerve. A. Nerve, Superior, the ilio- hypogastric nerve. Abdomino - hysterectomy (ab-dom/-in-o-his-fer-ek/- to-me). Removal of the uterus through an abdominal incision. - Abdomino - hysterotomy (ab-dom/-in-o-his-fer-of/-o- me). Hysterotomy through an abdominal incision. Abdomino-posterior (ab-dom/-in-o-pós-teſ-re-or). Hav- ing the belly toward the mother's back (used of the fetus in utero). Abdomino-scrotal (ab-dom/-in-o-skro/-tal). Relating to the abdomen and the scrotum. A. Muscle, the cremaster muscle. - Abdomino-thoracic (ab-dom/-in-o-tho-ras/-ä). lating to the abdomen and thorax. Abdomino - uterotomy (ab-dom/-in-o-º-ter-off’-o-me). See Abdomino-hysterotomy. Abdomino-vesical (ab-dom/-in-o-vesſ-ić-al). Relating to the abdomen and the urinary bladder. A. Pouch, a fold of the peritoneum in which are comprised the urachal fossae. Abdominoscopy (ab-dom-in-osſ-ko-fºe), [abdomen ; ckoretv, to examine]. Examination of the abdomen Re- ABIES for diagnostic purposes, by inspection, palpation, meas- urement, percussion, etc. Abdominous (ab-dom/-in-us) [abdere, to hide], Hav- ing a large abdomen. Abduce (ab-dûs/) [ab, away; ducere, to lead]. To draw away, as by an abductor muscle. Abducens (ab-du/-senz) [L., “leading away”]. A term applied to certain muscles, or their nerves, that draw the related part from the median line of the body. Also, the sixth pair of nerves supplying the external recti of the eye. . A. oculi. See Muscles, Table of Abducent (ab-du/-sent). See Abducens. Abduct (ab-duk/) [ab, from ; ducere, to draw]. To draw, or cause to move, away from the median line, whether of the body or of a limb. Abduction (ab-du//-shun) [ab, from ; ducere, to lead]. I. The withdrawal of a part from the axis of the body, or of a limb. 2. The recession or separation from each other of the parts of a fractured bone. 3. A. of the Eyes, the power of the external recti, measured by the maximum ability to preserve singleness of the image with prisms placed bases toward the nose. It is commonly from 6° to 8°. See, also Adduction. Abductor (ab-duk/-tor). Same as Abducens, g. v. A. Auris. See Muscles, Table of Abelmoschus (a-bel-mos/-kus) [Ar., 'habb-el-misk, a grain of musk]. A genus of malvaceous plants. A. escalentus furnishes the esculent known as gumbo, or okra. A. moschatus affords Ambrette, g. v., or musk- seed, formerly used in medicine. Unof. Abepithymia (ab-ep-e-thi'-me-ah) [ab, from; Štúvata, longing]. I. A perverted longing, or desire. 2. Pa- ralysis of the solar plexus (the diaphragm formerly was regarded as the seat of the soul [ffvuòg], and of the desires). Abernethy's Operation. SeeOperations, Table of A. Sarcoma, a form of spindle-celled vascular sar- COIIla. Aberrant (ab-er/-ant) [ab, from ; errare, to wander]. Deviating from the normal or regular type, in appear- ance, structure, course, etc., e.g., the aberrant duct of the testis or liver, aberrant arteries, etc. Aberration (ab-er-a/-shum) [ab, from; errare, to wander]. Deviation from the normal; mental derangement; fetal malformation; vicarious menstruation; escape of the fluids of the body by any unnatural channel. In optics, any imperfection of focalization or refraction of a lens. A., Chromatic, the dispersion arising from unequal refraction of light of different parts of the spectrum. The violet rays being more refrangible than the red rays, are brought to a focus nearer the lens, and the image is sur- rounded by a halo of colors. A., Mental, a degree of paranoia that may or may not amount to insanity. A., Spherical, the excess of refraction of the peripheral part of a convex lens over the central area, producing an imperfect focus and a blurred image. Abesamum (ab-es/-am-um) [L.]. Wheel-grease; fat charged with iron; formerly used as a remedy. Abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a/-shun) [ab, from; evacua- tion]. I. A morbid evacuation; an excessive or deficient discharge. 2. The passage of matter from one organ or cavity into another; metastasis. Abeyance (ač-a/-ans) [O. Fr., for “open-mouthed ex- pectation”]. A suspension of activity, or of function; a state of suspended animation, or action. Abi (ah'-be). See Zucuma. Abiaba (ah-Öe ah/-bah). See Zucuma. Abicum gº -ik-um) [L.]. The thyroid cartilage. (Obs., Or rare. Abies (a/-be-22) [L.]. Agenus of coniferous plants, includ- ing the fir, hemlock, and spruce. A. baſsamea, Silver Fir, Balsam Fir, or Balm of Gilead, a tree of the nat. ABIETENE ord. Conifera, from which is derived the Terebinthina Canadensis. A. canadensis, Hemlock Spruce. of the Canadian Fir-tree. Used as an astringent in various local and internal conditions. Yields Pix Cana- densis. A. excelsa, Norway Spruce. Yields Pix Burgundica. A. pectinata, the European Silver Fir. Its buds are resinous, balsamic, and sudorific. Unof. A. Preparations, Extractum Abietis, Canadensis Liquidum (B.P.). Dose mixv-lx. Glycerinum Abietis (B.P.). Dose gj—ij. Geddes's Fluid-Extract of Hem- lock Bark. Dose muv-x. Abietene (a-bi/-et-en), C, Hig. A hydrocarbon, obtained from the Pinus sabiniana, a Californian nut pine. It is an aromatic, volatile liquid, agreeing in composition with normal heptane. It is extensively used as a popular remedy; called, also, Erasene. Unof. Abietic (ab-i-et/-i}), Abietinic (ab-i-et-in/-i}) [Abies]. Pertaining to the genus Abies, as Abietic Acid, CuFistOs or CooHa20, discovered by Maly in the resin of Abies excelsa and Zarix europea. Abietin (a-biº-et-in) [Abies]. A resinous principle ob- tained from the turpentine of various species of pine and fir. A. Anhydrid, CuFis,Oa, the main con- stituent of Resin, q. v. Abietis Resina (a-bi/-et-is res-i/-nah). the fir or pine. Abietite (ab'-i-et-it), CsPIsOs. A sugar resembling mannite, found by Rochleder in the needles of the European Silver Fir, Abies pectinata. Abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen’-es-is) [ä priv.; 8tóg, life, and genesis]. The (theoretical) production of living by non-living matter. The older term was Spontaneous Generation. Other synonyms of the word are Generatio aquivoca, Generatio primaria, Archigenesis, Arche- biosis, etc. The theory has been supported by Pouchet, Haeckel, Huxley, Bastian, and others. Those opposed to the doctrine are called panspermists or heterogenists. The dispute is one of the most fundamental in biology. Abiological (ah-bi-o-o/-ić-al) [ä priv.; 8tóg, life; Żóyog, treatise]. Not pertaining to biology. Abirritant (ab-ir/-it-ant) [ab, from ; irritare, to irritate]. I. Tending to diminish irritation; soothing. 2. Re- lating to diminished sensitiveness. 3. A remedy or agent that allays irritation. Abirritation (ab-ir-it-a/-shum) [ab, from; irritare, to irritate]. Diminished tissue-irritability; atony or as- thenia. Abirritative (ab-irº-it-a-tiv) [ab, from ; irritare, to irri- tate]. Due to, or characterized by, atomy. Abitus (abſ-it-us) [ab, from, away; ire, to go]. In comparative anatomy, any one of the narrow canals leading from a ciliated chamber to the excurrent canal, as in the higher forms of sponges. Abjoint (ab-joint') [adjungere, to separate]. In biology, to separate by means of a joint or septum. Abjunction (ab-jung4/-shun)[see Abjoint). In biology, the separation by means of a joint or septum, as of spores from a growing hypha in some fungi. Ablactation (ab-la/-ta/-shun) [ab, from; lactare, to give suck]. The end of the suckling period. The weaning of a child. Ablastemic (ah-blas-tem/-ić) [á priv.; 3%armua, a shoot]. In biology, non-germinal; in no way related to germination. - Ablastous (ah-blas/-tus) [ä62aotoc, not budding, ster- ile]. In biology, producing no germs or buds. Ablation (ab-la/-shun) [ablatio, removal]. Removal of a part of the body, as a tumor, by amputation, exci- Sion, etc. - Ablatio retinae (ab-la/-she-o ret-in/-e). of the retina. Ablator (ab-la/-tor) [L., “remover”]. A cutting in- The resin of Detachment Bark 19 ABORTICIDE strument used in the removal of parts (a name chiefly used in veterinary surgery). Ablepharia (ah-bleſ-ar’-e-ah) [ä priv.; 3%apov, the eye- lid.]. The condition of the absence of the eyelids. Ablepharon (a/-äleſ’-ar-on) [ä priv.; 8%épapov, the eyelid.]. Congenital absence of the eyelids. Ablepharous (ah-bleſ?-ar-us) [ä priv.; 3%épapov, the eyelid]. Having no eyelids. Ablepsia (ah-ble/-se-a/.) [äftebia, without sight]. I. Blindness. 2. Dulness of perception. Ablepsy (ah-blep/-se). See Ablepsia. Abloom (a-bloom'). In biology, the state of being in blossom. Abluent (ab/-lu-ent) [abluere, to wash away]. Deter. gent. That which cleanses or washes away. * Ablution (ab-ſu/-shun) [abluere, to wash away]. Wash- ing or cleansing the body. Separation of chemical impurities by washing. Abrmortal (ab-mor/-tal) [ab, from ; mors, death]. Pass- ing from dead or dying to living muscular fiber (used of electric currents). Abnerval (ab-mer/-val) [ab, from; nervus, a sinew]. Passing from a nerve (used of electric currents in mus- cular fiber). Abnet (ab/-met) [Hebr., a girdle]. A girdle, or girdle- shaped bandage. Abneural (ab-nu/-ral) [ab, from ; veipov, nerve]. Per- taining to a part remote from the neural or dorsal aspect; ventral. Abnormal (ab-nor/-mal) [ab, away from ; norma, a law]. Not normal; not conformable with nature or with the general rule. A. Pigmentation, any excess, deficiency, or uncommon distribution of the natural pig- ment cells in the rete mucosum. Sometimes caused arti. ficially either by mechanical means, such as tattooing, or by the reduction and deposition under the epidermis of metallic salts administered as medicine, such as nitrate of silver. Abnormalism (ab-norſ-mal-izm) [ab, away from ; mor- ma, a law]. I. Abnormality. 2. An abnormal thing or Structure. Abnormality (ab-nor-ma/-it-e) [ab, away from ; norma, a law]. The quality of being abnormal; a deformity or malformation. Abnormity (ab-nor/-mit-e). Same as Abnormality. Aboiement º ) [Fr.]. Barking; the in- voluntary utterance of barking sounds. Abolition (ab-o-lish/-um) [abolitio). Destruction; cessa- tion; suspension, as of a physiological function. Abomasum (ab-o-ma/-sum) [ab, away; omasum, paunch]. In biology, the reed or proper digestive stomach of ruminating mammals. It is pyriform, lined by Smooth mucous membrane, which secretes gastric juice. Also called “fourth,’’ or “true,” stomach ; dried, it is called rennet and used for coagulating milk. Aborad (ab - o' - rad) [ab, away from ; os, mouth]. Away from the mouth ; in an aboral situation or direction. Aboral (ab-o’-ral) [ab, away from ; os, mouth]. Op- posite to, or remote from, the mouth. Aborally (ab-o’-ral-e) [ab, away from ; os, mouth]. In an aboral situation, direction, or manner. Aborigines (ab-or-ij/-in-è3) [ab, from ; origo (origin), origin, beginning]. Primitive, autochthonous, native, indigenous. Abort (ab-org/), [abortare, to miscarry]. I. To mis- carry; to expel the fetus before it is viable. 2. To prevent the full development, as of a disease. 3. To come short of full development. 4. An abortion; an aborted fetus. Aborticide (ab-or/-tis-id) [abortus, a miscarriage: cae- dere, to kill]. I. The killing of the unborn fetus & 2. The means of killing the fetus. 3. Causing the destruction of a fetus. Aborticidium (ab-or-ſis-id’-e-um) [abortus, a miscar- riage; cadeye, to kill]. Means of killing a fetus. Abortient (ab-or’-shent) [L. abortiens, miscarrying]. Abortive; abortifacient. Abortifacient (ab-or-te-ſa/-shent) [abortus; facere, to make]. I. Causing abortion. 2. A drug or agent inducing the expulsion of the fetus. Ergot, rue, cotton-root, and digitalis, are examples. They act by causing uterine contractions. See Oxytocic and Æcbolic. Abortion (ab-or/-shun) [abortus, a miscarriage]. The premature expulsion of the ovum before the child is viable, that is, occurring any time before the end of the sixth month. It may be produced by various general diseases, as syphilis, the acute fevers, nephritis, most exhausting diseases; by traumatism, reflex influences, emotional disturbances; by the action of various poisons, as ergot, cantharides, rue, and savin; by diseased con- ditions of the uterus and displacements of that organ; or by diseases of the fetus, its membranes, or the placenta. The most important symptoms are hemorrhage and pain, with final expulsion of the uterine contents. In the first two months of pregnancy the ovum is usually expelled entire; later the membranes and placenta are retained after the fetus comes away, and must be re- moved subsequently. By some authors expulsion of the ovum during the first three months is abortion ; from this time to viability it is termed immature de- /ivery, or miscarriage, and from the period of viability to that of maturity, premature delivery. A., Arti- ficial, that produced intentionally. A., Criminal, when not demanded for therapeutic reasons. A., Embryonic, up to the fourth month. A., Exter- nal Causes of, those acting from without, as vio- lence, pressure, injections, etc. A., Fetal, taking place subsequent to the fourth month. A., Habitual, repeated A. in successive pregnancies. A., Incom- plete, when the membranes or placenta are retained. A., Inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is dead, or when there is an extensive detachment or rupture of the ovum. A., Internal Causes of, those due to abnormal conditions or diseases of the mother. A., Missed, the death of the fetus and not followed within two weeks by its expulsion. A., Ovular, that occur- ring during the first three weeks after conception. A., Paternal and Maternal Causes of, those due to diseases of the father or of the mother respectively. A., Spontaneous, that not induced by artificial means. Abortionist (ab-or/-shum-ist) [abortus, a miscarriage]. One who criminally produces abortions; especially one who follows the business of producing abortions. Abortive (ab-or/-tiz) [abortus, a miscarriage]... Pre- maturely born; coming to an untimely end; incom- pletely developed; cutting short the course of a dis- ease; abortifacient. A. Epilepsy. See Apilepsy. Abortus (ab-or/-tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus; the fruit of an abortion. Aboulia (ah-boo’-le-ah). See Abulia. Aboulomania (ah-boo-lo-ma/-ne-ah). See Abulomania. Abovo (ab o'-vo) [L.]. In biology, from the egg; from the beginning. - Abrachia (ah-bra/-ke-ah) [á priv.; 8paxtov, arm]. The condition of an armless monster. In biology, without anterior limbs. Abrachiocephalia (ah-bra-ke-o-seſ-a/-le-ah). [ä priv.; 6parſov, arm; kepääff, head]. Absence of head and arms from a fetus. Abrachius (ah-bra/-ke-us). See Abrachia. Abrade (a-brad/) [abradere, to rub off]. To remove by friction or chafing; to roughen by friction. ABORTICIDIUM A monster without arms. 20 ABSCESS Abranchia (ah-brang/-ke-ah) [ä priv.; 30áyxia, gills]. In biology, a name given to several different groups of animals that have no gills. Abrasio (ab-ra/-ze-o) [L.]. An abrasion. A. corneae, operative removal of the epithelium of the cornea because of diseased conditions. Abrasion (ab-ra/-2hum) [abrasio: ab, priv.; radere, to rub). Excoriation of the cutaneous or mucous surface by mechanical means. In dentistry, the wearing away of the dentine and enamel, or the cutting edges of the teeth, whether by mechanical or chemical means. Abrasor (ab-ra/-zor) [L. “abrader”]. A surgeon's rasp or xyster; any file or instrument used in the surgical or dental abrasion of a surface; also, a rasp used in pharmacy. Abric Acid (a/-brić asſ-id). See Acid. Abrin (a/-brin). I. The chemical ferment or poisonous principle of jequirity, erroneously supposed to be due to a specific microbe. See Bacillus of jequirity oph- thalmia in Table of Bacteria. 2. A vegetable albu- minoid employed in the study of immunity. Abroma (a/-bro/-mah) [á priv.; 3póplog, a stink]. A genus of sterculiaceous trees. A. augusta, of S. Asia, affords a milky juice, esteemed in dysmenorrhea. Unof. Abrotanum (ab-rot/-an-um) [ä6pórovov, an aromatic plant]. The plant called Southern Wood, Artemisia abrofanum. See Artemisia. Abrupt (ab-ruſt/) [abruptus, broken off]. terminating suddenly; truncated. Abruption (ab-rup'-shun) [abruptio, from ab, and rum- pere, to break]. I. A rupture or tearing asunder. 2. A transverse fracture. - Abrus (a/-brus) [ä3póc, pretty]. Jequirity; Indian Licorice. The seeds of A. precatorius, or Wild Licor- ice. Properties are thought to be due to the presence of certain ferments. Non-sterilized infusions applied to the conjunctiva or to any mucous surface induce violent purulent inflammation with growth of false mem- brane. It is used in producing artificial conjunctivitis. A. Infusum : semina iij, aqua dest. 3 Ss. Macerate and add aq. 3 ss. All unofficial. Abri Liquor, strength 12 per cent. ; dilute with 3 to 5 times its bulk of water and apply 2 drops daily. Abri Pasta, I in 4; used with caution in affections of the skin. Abscess (ab’-ses) [abscessus, a departure or separation —of the matter]. A pus-formation within some cavity of the body, the result of localized inflammation. According to location, abscesses are named Dorsal, Iliac, Mammary, Ischio-rectal, Peri-typhlitic, Retro- pharyngeal, Urethral, etc. A., Alveolar, abscess in the gum or alveolus. A., Atheromatous. , See Andarter- itis, Chronic. A. of Brain, due to local injury, or to suppurative inflammation near or distant, such, especially, as diseases of the ear. The symptoms are those of pressure, impaired function of the part affected, meningitis, headache, optic neuritis, etc. A., Bursal, abscess in the bursae, the most frequent being in the bursae patellae, commonly called Housemaid’s Anee. A., Canalicular, mammary abscess that communicates with a milk duct. A., Caseous, one that contains cheesy materials. A., Chronic, or Cold Abscess, one of slow and apparently non-inflammatory development, usually about a bone, joint, or gland. A., Cold. See A., Chronic. A., Congestive, the pus appears at a point distant from where it is formed. A., Constitu- tional, due to some systemic “disorder. A., Critical, occurring at some critical period of an acute disease. A., Embolic, formed in the clot of an embolism. A., Fecal, one developing in the rectum or large intestine. A., Gangrenous, one attended with death of adjacent parts. A., Lacunar, one in the lacunae of the urethra. A., Metastatic. See Pyemia. A., Miliary. See In biology, ABSCESSION Pyemia. A., Milk, or A., Mammary, one in the female breast. A., Multiple. See Ayemia. A., Ossifluent. See Ossifteent. A., Perforating, one perforating the cornea, the lung, or other containing wall. A., Phlegmonous, an acute A. A., Point- ing of, the point where the abscess tends to break through its external confining wall. A., Psoas, one arising from disease of the lumbar, or lower dorsal vertebrae, the pus descending in the sheath of the psoas muscle, and usually pointing beneath Poupart’s liga- ment. A., Pyemic. See Pyemia. A., Residual, about the products of some old result of inflammation. A. Root, the root of Polemonium Reptans. Alterative, astringent and expectorant. Dose of flá, ex. 3 SS-ij. Unof. A., Shirt Stud, retro-mammary abscess concur- rent, with a subintegumentary abscess, the two sacs communicating by means of a sinus. A., Stercora- ceous. See Fecal A. A., Symptomatic, one indicative of some other affection. A., Thecal, in the sheaths of tendons. A., Tropical, acute hepatitis terminating in suppuration and abscess formation. A., Tubercular. Same as A., Cola. Abscession (ab-sesh/-um) [abscessio, departure]. I. An abscess; a critical discharge. 2. Metastasis. Abscissae (ab-sis/-se) [ab, away; scindere, to cut]. The transverse lines cutting vertical ones at right angles, to show by a diagram the relations of two series of facts, as, e. g., the number of pulse-beats, or the temperature record in given periods of time. Abscission (ab-sis/-um) [ab, from ; scindere, to cut]. Removal of a part, as the prepuce, or a fractured bone, by cutting. Applied particularly to a surgical opera- tion upon a staphylomatous cornea, in which the bulging portion is excised, the parts brought together so that the posterior and chief part of the globe forms a “stump ’’ for an artificial eye. In biology, a term applied to that mode of detachment of spores in fungi which consists in the disorganization of the zone con- necting the spores with the hypha. Absconsio (ab-skon/-se-o) [abscondere, to hide]. A sinus or cavity whether normal or pathological. Absence (of mind) (abſ-sens), [absentia, absence]. Inattention to surroundings; in marked instances it may be a result of central lesions. It is often seen in epileptics and melancholiacs. - Absentia epileptica (ad-senſ-she-ah ep-iſ-ep/-tić-a%). Brief losses of consciousness occurring in the mild form of epilepsy. Absinthe (ab’-sinth or ab-sant/). See Absinthium. Absinthin (ab-sin'-thin) [absinthium]. A bitter and crystalline principle obtainable from wormwood. See Absinthium. - Absinthism (ab-sinth/-īzm). A disease similar to alco- holism, the result of the excessive use of absinthe. It is characterized by general muscular debility and men- tal disturbances, which may proceed to convulsions, acute mania, general softening of the brain, or general paralysis. Absinthium (ab-sinth'-e-um) [L.]. Wormwood. The leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium. Contains a volatile oil and an intensely bitter principle, Absinthin, CoPſago, which is a narcotic poison. A. increases cardiac action, produces tremor and epileptiform con- vulsions. Dose gr. xx—xl, in infusion. Used as a stomachic tonic. Absinthe, a French liquor, is an alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with oils of anise, marjoram, and other aromatic oils. Absinthol (ab-sinth'-ol), Clo HigO. The principal con- stituent of oil of wormwood; it is isomeric with ordin- ary camphor. . Absolute Alcohol (abº-so-ſilt al/-ko-hol). See Alcohol. Absorb (ab-sorb’) ab, from ; sorbere, to suck up]. In ABSTRACTION physiology, to suck up or imbibe, as the Simbibition performed by the lacteals in the body. Absorbent (ab-sor/-bent) [absorbere, to suck inj. In physiology, an organ or part that absorbs, withdraws, or takes up. A term applied to the Zacteals and Aymphatics, g. v. In materia medica, a drug or medi- cine that produces absorption or exudation of diseased tissue. In surgery, a substance that mechanically takes up excreted matter, as A. Cottom, A. Sponge, etc. A. Glands. See Zymphatics. A. System, the lacteals and lymphatics, with their associated glands. Absorptionſ eter (ab-sorp-te-om/-et-er) [absorption; meter]. A device for measuring the thickness of the layer of liquid that is taken up between two glass plates by capillary attraction. Used in conjunction with a spectro-photometer, it serves as a hematoscope. Absorption (ab-sorpſ-shun) [absorbere, to suck inj. The permeation or imbibition of one body by another. The process whereby nourishment, medicines, morbid products of tissue metamorphosis, etc., are taken up by the lymphatic and venous systems. In ophthalmology the process by which the lens is disintegrated and carried off after the capsule has been ruptured. A. Lines or Bands, the lines of the spectrum, called Fraunhofer's lines; they are dark lines caused by the arrestation or absorption of the ethereal waves of certain lengths and rapidities, mainly by vapors of the sun’s atmosphere. A. of Composition, or External Absorption, the taking up of material by the skin or mucous surfaces. A., Cutaneous, absorption by the skin. A., Disjunctive, the removal of living tissue around a necrosed mass, and its consequent separation from its surroundings. A., Interstitial, the removal by the absorbent system of effete matters. A. Method, to determine whether or not hematuriais due to lesion of the bladder. It is based on the fact that the undenuded surface of the bladder will not absorb foreign sub- stances. Fifteen grains of potassium iodid are injected into the bladder, and fifteen minutes later the saliva is examined for iodin. If found, it is an indication of an unhealthy state of the bladder. A., Progressive, atrophy of a part due to pressure. A., Pulmonary, the taking up of oxygen, or of vapors (as of ether), by the lungs. A., Venous, absorption by the veins. Absorptive (ab-sor//-fiv) [absorbere, to suck inj. Having the power or function of absorbing. Absorptivity (ab-soº-tiv/-ī-te) [absorbere, to suck inj. The power or quality of being absorbent. Abstemiousness (ab-ste’-me-us-nes) [abs, from ; feme, tum, wine]. Abstinence from wine. Temperance or moderation in matters of diet, Abstention (ab-stem/-shun) [abstentio, retention]. An act of abstinence, or of abstaining; retention ; consti- pation. Abstergent (ab-ster’-jent) [abs, from ; tergere, to cleansel. Cleansing, detergent. See Z}eſergent. Abstersive (ab-ster’-siz) [abstersivus]. Abstergent. Abstinence (ab’-stin-ens) [abs, from ; tenere, to hold or keep J. Privation or self-denial in regard to food, liquors, etc. See Fasting. Abstract (ab'-strakt) [abstrahere, to draw away; Ab- stractum; gen, Abstracti. pl., Abstracta). In phar- macy, a solid preparation in which two parts of the drug are represented by one part of the abstract (which is compounded with milk-sugar). Ab- stracts are double the strength of fluid extracts. They are permanent, but should be kept in a cool place. Abstraction (ab-strak'-shun) [abstractio, a drawing away]. Blood-letting. Also, attention to one idea to the exclusion of others. Generalization or classi- , ABSTRACTITIOUS fication of the qualities common to the individuals of a group. In pharmacy, the process of distillation. Abstractitious (ab-strak-fish/-us) [abstrahere, to draw away]. Susceptible of being abstracted without change from another substance; derived or derivable by abstraction. - Abstractum (ab-straž/-tum) [pl., Abstracta). An abstract. See Abstract. Abstriction (ab-strik/-shum) [ab, from ; stringere, to bind]. Spore-formation in lower cryptogams charac- terized by decided constriction of the walls at the place of division. Absus (ab'-sus) [L.]. The plant Cassia absus of India and Egypt. Its seeds are locally employed in the treatment of ophthalmia, and are regarded as depura- tive. Unof. - Abterminal (ab-zerº-min-a/) [ab, from; terminus, end]. Passing from tendinous into muscular tissue (used of electric currents). Abulia (a/-bu’-le-ah) [ä priv.; Bovāń, will]. defect of will power. Abulic (ah-buſ-lik). abulia; of defective will-power. Abulomania (a/-bu-lo-ma/-me-ah) [ä priv.; Bovā%, will ; uavia, madness]. A disease of the mind charac- terized by imperfect or lost will-power. Abumbrella (ab-um-bre/-ah) [ab, from ; umbrella, the disc of acalephs]. In biology, a term applied to the surface of the velum, it being turned away from the disc, in medusae. Opposite of Adumbrella. Abuta (ah-booſ-tah) [L.]. A genus of menispermaceous plants. A. amara, affords false pareira brava, and A. rufescens is the so-called white pareira brava. Both are S. American. Unof. Abutilon (a-bu’-fil-on) [L.]. A genus of malvaceous plants. A. avicennae, common in the U. S. (velvet- leaf Indian mallow); is demulcent, and is a safe remedy for diarrhea. Unof. Abvacuation (ab-vak-u-a/-shun). Same as Abevacua- tion, 7. v. Abysmal (ah-biz'-mal) [abyssus, abysm]. Fathom- less. Pertaining to great depths in the ocean. See Abyssal. Abyssal (ah'-bis/-al) [ä6voooc, without bottom]. In biology, refers to plants and animals inhabiting the depths of the ocean between IOO and IOOO fathoms. A. Theory of Light, an hypothesis assuming the im- portance of phosphorescence and of luminous organs in fishes and other animals in depths of the ocean where no sunlight penetrates. Acacia (ah-ka/-she-a/) [L. ; Gr., ákakía]. . I. A large genus of leguminous trees, shrubs, and herbs, many of them Australian or African. Many of the species are medicinal, and some are poisonous. The bark is usually very astringent. Gum arabic is produced by various species, mostly either African or Asiatic. 2. A. anthelmintica. See Mussarzim. A. See Catechu. A. lebbeſ, A. nilotica, A. vera, and A. verek, are among the species that furnish gum arabic. 3. Gum Arabic. A nearly white trans- parent gum exuding from Acacia Senegal. Soluble in water. Used in the manufacture of mucilage. Contains Arabin, C1, H,011, identical in composition with cane- sugar. A., Mucilage, acacia 34, water IOO parts; incompatible with alcoholic tinctures. A., Syrup, mucilage 25, syrup. simp. 75. Used in various mixtures as a demulcent and to suspend insoluble powders. Acajou (ak-a-z/loo/). See Cashew. Acaleph (a/-a/-ef) [äkažňºm, a nettle, a sea-nettle]. In biology, one of the acalephae, or sea-nettles; a medusa, a sea-blubber. Loss or Characterized by or affected with catechze. ACANTHOPELVIS Acalephoid (ak-a/-eſ’-oid) [äkaž%m, a nettle, a sea nettle]. Resembling an acaleph. Acalycal (a/-4a/-ić-al). [ä priv.; kážvč, calyx]. In biology, used to describe stamens inserted upon the receptacle, not adherent to the calyx. Acalycine, (a/-ka/-is-in) [á priv.; káàvć, calyx]. In biology, lacking a calyx, acalycinous. Acalyculate (a/-ka/-ä4/-u-lat) [a priv.; calyculus, a º]. In biology, having no calycle, or accessory Call VX. Acalypha, (a/-AEa/-äf-ah) [äkažijñº, unveiled]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. A., Ext., Liq. Dose mu X-3 j. A. fruticosa, of India, is useful in dyspepsia and diarrhea, and is tonic and alterant. A. Aispida has similar uses. A. indica, a euphorbia- ceous plant, common in India. The leaves are expec- torant, emetic, laxative. A. Succus. Dose for an infant 3.j. Unof. A. virginica, of North America, is diuretic and expectorant. Acamathesia (ak-am-ath-e/-ze-ah) [akapuáðmag]. Same as A&atamathesia. Acamathesis (a4-am-ath-e'-sis) [äkapā6matc]. Same as AAatamathesia. - Acampsia (ah-kamp/-se-ah) [ä priv.; kápºttetv, to bend]. Inflexibility of a limb. Acanaceous º *:::: [äkavog, a prickly shrub). In biology, beset with prickles, as the edges of some leaves. Acantha (ak-an/-thah) [äkav6a, a thorn]. In botany, a thorn or prickle; in zoölogy, a spine or fin ray; in anatomy, a vertebral process. - Acanthaesthesia (a4-amth-es-theſ-ze-ah). thesthesia. Acanthia lectularia (a.k-an/-the-a/, lek-chu-la/-re-ah) [L.]. The common bedbug. - Acanthial (a4-an/-the-al) [äkávölov, a little thorn]. Pertaining to the acanthion. Acanthichthyosis (a.k-anth-ik-the-o/-sis) [ákáv6tov, a little thorn; ty60¢, a fish]. Ichthyosis spinosa, Q. v. Acanthion iº [ákávölov, a little thorn]. See Crazziometrica/ Points. Acanthocarpous (ak-anth-o-kar/-pus) [äkavòa, a thorn; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, spiny-fruited. Acanthocephala (ak-an-tho-sef’-al-ah) [äkavôa, spine; kepañff, head]. An order of parasitic worms, character- ized by a thorny armature of the head and proboscis. They are generally grouped in one genus, Echinor- rhynchys. They infest pigs, birds, and fishes, and in their larval stage live in crustaceans. Acanthocephalous (a/-anth-o-sef’-al-us) [äkauba, a spine; Kepažff, head]. In biology, spiny-headed. Acanthocladous (a.k-anth-o/-/ad-us) [äkavta, a spine; kžáðoç, a branch]. In biology, possessing spiny branches. Acanthoid (ak-an/-thoid) [äkav6a, a spine]. Resem- bling a spine, or spicula; spinous. Acanthological (a4-anth-o-lo/-ić-al) [äkavôa, a spine; Żóyetv, to speak]. In biology, pertaining to the knowl- edge of spines. Acantholysis (ak-am-thol/-is-is) [ćkavòa, prickle; Ağaç, a loosening, a wasting]. Any skin disease in which there is an atrophy of the prickle-layer. A. Bullosa. See Epidermolysis. Acanthoma (a/-anth-o/-mah) ſākavóa, a spine; pl., Acantho/mata]. A localized excessive growth in any part of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. Acanthomastic (ak-anti-o-mas/-tić) [äkavta, a spine; paotixm, mastic]. A gum produced by Atractylis gummifera, a plant of the Mediterranean region; valued in the Oriental countries. Unof. Acanthopelvis (ak-anth-o-pe/-vis) [äkav6a, thorn; tréAvc, pelvis]. Same as Acanthopelys. See Akan- ACANTHOPELYS Acanthopelys (ak-anth-o/-el-is) [.ækav6a, thorn; TéAvg, pelvis]. A pelvis that is encroached upon by exostoses. Acanthophorous (ak-anth-off’-or-us) [äkav6a, a spine; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, bearing or producing spines or thorns. Acanthopod (a4-anth/-o-pod) ſākauffa, a spine ; Totic, foot]. In biology, an animal with spiny feet, or spine-like claws. Acanthopterous (a4-anth-op/-ter-us) [äkavòa, a spine; Trépov, a wing]. In biology, having spiny wings or fins. Acanthosis (ak-anth-o/-sis) [äkavda, thorn]. Any skin disease marked by abnormalities in the prickle-cell layer. A. Migricans, a general pigmentation of the skin, with papillary, mole-like growths; a rare condition. Acanthus (ak-anth/-us) [äkav6og, a spine]... A genus of European herbs. A. mollis and A. spinosa were formerly much esteemed as vulnerary, antidysenteric and antihectic remedies; they are demulcent and mucilaginous. Unof. Acapsular (ah-Kap'-su-lar) [á priv.; capsula, a small box or capsule]. In biology, destitute of a capsule. Acardia (ah-kar/-de-a/.) [ä priv.; Kapòia, heart]. A monstrosity without heart, developed simultaneously with a normal fetus. Acardiac (ah-kar'-de-a/) [á priv.; Kapòia, heart]. I. Having no heart. 2. A fetus with no heart. See Acardiacus. Acardiacus (ah-kar-di/-aē-us) [ä priv.; Kapóta, heart]. See Acardiac. A synonym, employed mainly by the German writers, for omphalosite. The term was adopted because of the frequent absence of the heart in this condition. A. Acormus. See Asomtata. A. Anceps. Same as Paracephalus, g. v. Acardiohemia, or Acardiohaemia (ah-kar-de-o-he/- me-ah) [ä priv.; Kapóia, heart; alua, blood]. Lack of blood in the heart. Acardionervia (ah-kar-de-o-mer/-we-ah) [ä priv.; Kapòia, heart; nervus, a sinew]. Diminished nervous action or nerve-stimulus in the heart. Acardiotrophia (ah-kar-de-o-tro/-fe-ah) [ä priv.; Kapóia, heart; Tpopff, nutrition]. . Atrophy of the heart. Acarian (ah-ka/-re-an). [äkapſic, small, tiny]. Of or pertaining to the acarids or mites. Acariasis (ak-ar-i/-as-is) [á priv.; Keipelv, to cut]. See Mange. Acaricidal (ak-ar-is-i/-dal) [akapāg, small, tiny; cardere, to kill]. estructive of acarids, or mites. Acaricide (ak-ar/-is-id) [äkapāc, small, tiny; cardere, to kill]. An agent that destroys acarids. Acarid, Acaridan (ak/-ar-id, ak-ar/-id-an) [äkapāg, small, tiny]. Pertaining to Acarus. Acarina (ak-ar-iſ-mah) [L.]. An order of insects (mites) with stout bodies, having the unjointed abdomen con- solidated with the head and thorax, with biting, suck- ing, or puncturing mouth-organs, breathing mostly by means of tracheae. Acarinosis (ak-ar-in-o’-sis) [acarus, a mite]. Any disease, as the itch, produced by a mite, or acarid. Acarodermatitis (ak-ar-o-der-mat-i/-tis) [acarus, a mite; dermatitis]. Dermatitis dependent upon or caused by acari, or mites. Acaroid (a4/-ar-oid) [Acarus, a mite]. Mite-like. A. Gum, Botany Bay Gum; Resina lutea. An aromatic resin used in Australia as a remedy for gastric troubles, intestinal catarrhs, diarrheas, etc. Dose grs. viij–xvj, in alcoholic solution. Unof. A. Resin, Black Boy Gum. The resin of various species of Xanthorrhea, 4. v. Benzoic acid is prepared from it, and it is said to have the properties of storax. and balsam of Peru. 23 ACCENTUATION . Q bº Acarotoxic (a4-ar-o-toks/-ä) [acarus, a mite; rošticóv, a poison]. Poisonous, or destructive, to acari. Acarpae (a-AEar/-pe) [á priv.; Kapítóc, fruit]. A name proposed for a group of skin diseases in which there are no papules, tubercles, or elevated points. Acarpous (ak-ar/-pus) [á priv.; Kapitác, fruit]. Hav- ing no elevations; not nodular. In biology, producing no fruit; sterile, barren. Acarus (a/k/-ar-us) [ä priv.; Keipelv, to cut (because so small): //, Acari J. The mite, or tick, a parasite of man and animals. A. autumnalis the harvest-bug, now called Zeptus autumnalis. A. fol/iculorum. See Steatozoázz. A. scabiei. See Scabies. Acatalepsy (ah-AEat/-a/-ep-se) [ä priv.; Kata%apſ3évetv, to understand]. I. Uncertainty in diagnosis. 2. Mental impairment; dementia. Acataleptic (ah-kat-a/-ep/-tié) [á priv.; Karažauffāvelv, to understand]. Uncertain; doubtful (used of a prognosis or a diagnosis of a disease). - Acatamathesia (ah-kat-am-ath-e'-ze-a/.) [d priv.; katapuáthoug, understanding]. I. Inability to under- stand conversation, due to mental disorder. 2. A morbid blunting of the perceptions; as in psychical deafness, or psychical blindness. Acataphasia (ah-Kat-aſ-a/-ze-ah) [á priv.; Katá, after; páoug, utterance]. A disorder in the syntactical arrangement of uttered speech, due to some central lesion. Acataposis (ah-kat-ap/-o-sis) [ä priv.; Kará, down; tróaug, a drinking, a swallowing]. A difficulty in swal- lowing; dysphagia. Acatastasia (a/-Kat-as-ta/-ze-ah), [äkataotaota]. Ab- sence of regularity, or of fixed character, in the course of a disease, or in the nature of an excretion. Acatastatic (ah-Aat-as-tat'-ić). Marked or character- ized by acatastasia; irregular; not of definite type. Acatharsia (ah-kath-ar/-se-ah) [äkaflapaia, uncleansed state]. Impurity; foulness; need of purgation, or cleansing. Acaudal (ah-kaw/-dal) [ä priv.; Acaudate, ecaudate, tailless, anurous. Acaudate (ah-kaw/-dāt). Same as Acaudal. Acaules (ah-Åaw/-lè2) [ä priv.; caulis, a stem]. Plants which, as in the case of lichens, algae, etc., lac a stalk, or have it but very indistinctly developed. Acaulescence (ah-kaw-lesſ-ens) [ä priv.; caulis, a stalk]. In biology, plants wherein the growth of the main stem is arrested. Also Acaulosia. Acaulescent (ah-kaw-lesſ-ent) [ä priv.; stalk]. In botany, stemless. Acaulosia (ah-kaw-lo’-se-ah) [á priv.; caulis, a stalk]. See Acaulescence. Accelerans Nerve (ak-se/-er-aris) [L.]. A nerve from the accelerans center in the medulla to the heart, inter- mediating acceleration of its rhythm. Acceleration (ak-sel-er-a/-shun) [acceleratio]. Quick- ening, as of the pulse, or of the respiratory function. In biology, the term applied to change of structure during growth brought about by the addition of parts, either by “homotopy” or by “ heterotopy.” Accelerative Epilepsy (a4-se/-er-a-tiv ep/-iſ-ep-se). See Epilepsy. Accelerator Urinae (ak-sel/-er-a-tor u-ri/-ne) [L.]. A muscle of the penis whose function is to expel the last drops in urination, to expel the semen, and to assist erection. The sphincter vaginae is its analogue in the female. See Musc/es, Table of Accentuation (ak-sen-fu-a/-shun) [accentuare]. A term applied to the heart sounds, generally the second, when they are louder, because of an increased blood- tension in the vessels, giving rise to a forcible elastic recoil of the latter with abrupt closure of the valves. cauda, a tail]. catalis, a {} ACCESS Access (ak’-ses) [accessus, an approach]. I. An attack of a disease. 2. The return of a fit, or paroxysm. 3. Cohabitation. Accessiflexor (ak-ses-e-ſieks'-or) [accessus and flexor]. An accessory flexor muscle. Accession (ak-sesh/-un) [accessio; ad, to ; cedere, to go]. The assault, beginning, or onset of a disease, or of a stage of the same; applied especially to a recur- rence of periodical disease. Accessive (ak-ses/-īv) [accessio]. Marked or charac- terized by sharp and sudden accessions or paroxysms. Accessorium (ak-ses-so’-re-um) [L.]. An accessory part; an adjunct, or appendage. Accessory (ak/-ses-o-re, or ak-ses/-o-re) [accessorius]. A term applied to certain glands, muscles, ducts, nerves, arteries, etc., that are often inconstant, but always auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the prin- cipal. Certain small muscles, as the lumbricales, are regarded as accessory to more important muscles. In biology, something additional; as an accessory bud, fruit, or plume. A. Buds, in botany, buds that are developed by the side of, or above, the normal axillary bud. A. Fruits, in botany, those fruits a considerable portion of whose substance is distinct from the seed- vessel and formed of the accrescent and succulent calyx, or torus, or receptacle, bracts, etc. A. Gland of Rosenmüller. See Glazza'. A. Gland of the Pancreas, Brunner’s Glands, 7. v. A. of the Parotid, the Socia Parotidis, 7. v. A. Valves, in zoölogy, small additional valves which occur in certain forms, as the accessory valves placed near the umbones of the genus Pholas among the Mollusca. Accident (ak/-se-dent) [accedere, to occur]. I. In legal medicine, an event occurring to an individual without his expectation, and without the possibility of his preventing it at the moment of its occurrence. 2. An intercurrent or complicating symptom or event, not to be looked for in the regular progression of an attack of disease. Accidental (a4-se-dent/-al) [accidentalis]. I. Due to, or caused by, an accident. 2. Intercurrent; having no essential connection with other conditions or symp- toms. A. Hemorrhage. See Hemorrhage. Accidentalism (ak-se-dent/-al-ism) [accidentalis]. That theory of medicine that ignores pathology and eti- ology, and attends only to the symptoms or accidental features of disease. Accidentalist (a4-se-demº/-al-ist) [accidentalis]. One who advocates or follows accidentalism. Accipiter (ak-sip/-it-er) [L., a “hawk”]. A facial bandage with tails radiating like the claws of a hawk. Acclimate (ak-Ali/-măţ) [ad, to ; clima, a climate]. To accustom to a new or untried climate. Acclimatation (a4-Ali-mat-a/-shun), or Acclimation (ak-lim-a/-shun). See Acclimatization. Acclimatization (ak-Ali-mat-iz-a/-shun) [ad, to; clima, climate]. The process of becoming accustomed to the climate, soil, water, etc., of a country to which a plant, animal, person, or a people has removed. Acclimatize (ak-Ali/-mat-12) ['ad, to ; clima, climate]. See Acclimate. Acclivis (aft-Ali/-vis) [L., “sloping”]. The Obliquus internus muscle of the abdomen. Accommodation (ak-om-o-da/-shun) [accommodare, to adjust]. Adaptation or adjustment. Adaptation of the fetus to the uterus and birth-canal. A., Absolute, the accommodation of either eye sepa- rately. A., Anomalies of, departures from the normal in the action of the mechanism of accommo- dation. A., Histological, the occurrence of changes in the morphology and function of cells following 24 ACCUMBENT changed conditions. A., Negative, the eye passive or at rest. A. of the Eye, that function of the ciliary muscle and lens whereby objects at different distances are clearly seen. It depends upon the inhe- rent elasticity of the lens, which when the ciliary muscle of an emmetropic eye is at rest is adapted to the proper focalization of parallel rays of light, or of such rays as proceed from an infinite distance, or from the horizon of the observer. Objects nearer, to be clearly seen, require a greater refracting power on the part of the eye because the rays from such objects are more divergent. This additional refracting power is gained by an increased antero-posterior diameter of the lens, Z, (illustration annexed) brought about by the contraction of the ciliary muscle, M, which occa- sions a loosening of the suspensory ligament and a thickening of the lens by its own elasticity. A., Paraly- sis of, paralysis of the ciliary muscle. A., Phos- phenes, the peripheral light streak seen in the dark after the act of accommodation. A., Range of, the distance between the Punctum proximum, or nearest of distinct vision, and the A'unctum remotissimum, or the most distant point. A. Theory, a theory that ascribes the production of myopia to a distention of the posterior portion of the sclera from the increased intra-ocular pressure dependent upon frequently re- peated accommodation of the eyes. Accompaniment (of the Cataract)(a-kum/-pan-e-ment). An old name for secondary or recurrent capsular cataract; opacity of the capsule following an opera- tion for cataract. Accouchée (ak-koo-shay) [Fr., a, to ; couche, a bed]. A woman delivered of a child. - Accouchement (ak-koosh-mong) [ad, to ; couche, bed]. The French term for labor, or delivery of a child. The act of childbirth. A. Forcé, rapid and forcible delivery with the hand during severe hemorrhage. Accoucheur (ak-koo-shur) [Fr.]. A man-midwife. Accoucheuse (ak-koo-shuz) [Fr.]. A midwife. Accrementitial (a4-re-men-tis/-al) [accrescere, to in- crease]. In biology, of or pertaining to the process of accrementition. - Accrementition (ak-re-men-ſis/-um) [ad, to; crescere, to grow]. A growth in which increase takes place by interstitial development from blastema, and also by reproduction of cells by fission: . The production or development of a new individual by the separation of a part of the parent; gemmation. Accrescent (ak-res/-ent) [accrescere, to grow]. In biology, refers to those parts connected with the flower which increase in size after flowering, as frequently occurs with the calyx, involucre, etc. Accrete (ak-ret) [accretus; accrescere, to grow]. In biology, grown together. Accretion (ak-re/-shun) [ad, to ; crescere, to increase]: A term denoting the manner by which crystalline and certain organic forms increase their material substance. Also, the adherence of parts that are normally sepa- rate. Accumbent (ak-um/-bent) [ad, to ; cumbere, to lie down]. In biology, lying against a thing. Cotyledons increase, ACCUMULATOR are accumbent when the edges of their applied faces lie against the radicle. Accumulator (ak-u/-mu-la-tor) [accumulare, to heap up]. An apparatus to store electricity. A. C. E. Mixture. An anesthetic mixture composed of alcohol I part, chloroform 2 parts, ether 3 parts. See Anesthetic. - Acedia (ah-se/-de-ah) [äkmóía]. A certain form of melancholia. Acelius (ah-seſ-le-us) ... [ä priv.; Kothia, the belly]. Without a belly; applied to those extremely emaciated. Acelomatous (ah-sel-o'-mat-us) [ä priv.; Kot?opia, a hollow]. In biology, destitute of a perivisceral cavity or coelum. Acelomi (ah-se/-lo-mi) [á priv.; Kothia, the belly]. In biology, worms destitute of a perivisceral cavity, as - tapeworms. - Acelomous (ah-seſ-lo-mus). See Acelomatous. Acelous (ah-se/-/us) [á priv.; Końoc, hollow]. Without intestines; anenterous. Acenaphthene (as-en-af’-then) [aceticus; naphtha- lene], C1, Hio. A hydrocarbon that occurs in coal tar, and separates on cooling from the fraction boiling at 260–280° C. It crystallizes from hot alcohol in long needles melting at 95° C. and boiling at 277° C. Acentric (ah-sen'-triæ) [á priv.; Kévrpov, center]. Not centric; not originating in, or pertaining to, a nerve- center; peripheric. Aceognosia (as-e-og-mo/-se-ah) [äkoç, a remedy; Yvāoug, knowledge]. A knowledge of remedies. Aceology (as-e-o/-o-je) [äkoç, &keog, a remedy; 26 yog, a discourse]. Therapeutics; medical and surgical treat- ment of disease; acology. Acephalan (ah-sef’-al-am) [äképahog, headless]. An acephal, one of the acephala, or pertaining to such. A lamellibranchiate mollusc. Acephalemia, or Acephalhemia (ah-seſ-al-e'-me-ah) [ä priv.; Kebahá, head; alua, blood]. Deficiency of blood in the head. Acephalia (ah-seſ-a/-le-ah) [ä priv.; Kepañff, head]. In teratology, the absence of the head. Acephalism (a/-sef’-a/-äzm) [á priv.; Kepaññ, head]. See Acephalia. Acephalobrachia (ah-seſ-al-o-bra/-äe-ah) [ä priv.; Keſhawſ, head; 3paxtov, arm]. In teratology, absence of the head and arms. Acephalobrachius (ah-seſ-al-o-bra/-ke-us) [ä; kepaññ; £paxtov]. A monster with neither head nor arms. Acephalocardia (aft-seſ-al-o-kar/-de-ah) [á priv.; Keſha'ſh, head; Kapóia, heart]. Absence of the head and heart. Acephalocardius (ch-seſ-al-o-kar'-de-us) [á; kepaññ; Kapòia]. A monster with neither head nor heart. Acephalochiria (ah-seſ-al-o-ki/-re-ah) [ä priv.; Kepañff, head; Xeip, hand]. Absence of the head and hands. Acephalochirus (ah-sef’-al-o-ki’-rus) [See Acephalo- chiria]. A monster with neither head nor hands. Acephalocyst (ah-sef’-al-o-sist) [& priv.; Kepaññ, head; kbottº, a bladder]. The bladder-worm. A headless, sterile hydatid, found in the liver and other organs. 4. racemosa, the hydatid mole of the uterus. Acephalogaster (ak-seſ-al-o-gas/-ter) [äkeſpañóc, head- less; Yaothp, belly]. A monster with neither head nor stomach. . Acephalogasteria (ah-seſ-al-o-gas-teſ-re-ah). Absence of the head and stomach. See Acephalogaster. Acephalophoran (ah-seftal-off’-o-ran) [á priv.; Kepaxh, head; bépelv, to bear]. In biology, a member of DeBlainville's group of molluscs, Acephalophora. Acephalopodia (ah-seſ-al-o-po'-de-ah) ſā priv.; Kepa2%, head; troëc, foot]. Absence of the head and feet. 25 ACESCENCE Acephalopodius (ah-seſ-al-o-poſ-de-us). A monster with neither head nor feet. See Acephalopodia. Acephalorrhachia (ah-seſ-al-o-ra/-ke-ah) [ä priv.; kepazºff, head; báxic, spine]. Absence of the head and vertebral column. - Acephalostomia (ah-seſ-a/-o-ººoº-me-ah) [ä priv.; kepazºff, head; otóua, mouth]. Absence of the head, with a mouth-like opening on the Superior aspect. Acephalostomus (ah-seſ-a/-osſ-to-mus) [á priv.; Kepa2%; orógal. A monster with no head, but with a mouth- like aperture. See Acephalostomia. Acephalothoracia (ah-seſ-al-o-tho-ra/-se-ah) [ä priv.; kepañff, head; 6ópaš, chest]. Absence of the head and thorax. Acephalothorus (ah-seſ-al-o-tho’-rus). A monster without head or thorax. See Acephalothoracia. Acephalous (ah-sef’-al-us) [äkepazóg, headless]. Head- less. Acephalus (ah-sef’-al-us) [ä priv.; Kejaž%, head]. I. A species of omphalositic monsters characterized by complete absence of the head and usually of the upper extremities. It is the commonest condition among the omphalosites. 2. A variety of the above species marked by the highest form of development. The head is absent, but there is at least one superior extremity, and the thorax is generally fairly well- developed. Acer (a/-ser). A genus of sapindaceous trees and shrubs; the maples. A. saccharinum, the Sugar Maple of North America, affords a large commercial supply of sugar. A. rubrum, the Red Maple, has an astringent inner bark. A. pennsylvanicum, Striped Maple, is said to be antemetic and alterative. Unof. Aceras (as’-er-as) [á priv.; Képac, horn, spur]. A genus of orchids. A. anthropophora (green-man, man-orchid) has sudorific leaves, and the bulbs are used as Salep. Unof. Acerates (as-er-a/-tez) [á priv.; Kápac, horn]. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants, regarded by some as a sec- tion of the genus Gomphocarpus. A. decumbens, of New Mexico, is said to cure snake bites. A. longi- folia, of the U. S., is diaphoretic. Unof. Aceratophorous (ah-se-ra-tof/-o-rus) [ä priv.; Képaç, horn; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, hornless, muley. Cf. Acerous. Aceratosis (ah-ser-at-o/-sis) [ä priv.; Képaç, horn]. Deficiency or imperfection of corneous tissue. Acerb (a-serb/) [acerbus, bitter]. Having a bitter, astringent and pungent taste; as certain drugs. Acerbity (a-serb/-it-e) [acerbitas, sharpness, sourness]. Acidity combined with astringency. Aceric (as-er/-ić) [acer, a maple tree]. or found in the maple; as aceric acid. Pertaining to, Aceride (as/-er-id) [ä priv.; cera, wax]. An oint- ment or plaster containing no wax. Acerose (as’-er-às) [acus (acer), chaff]. In botany, chaffy; needle-shaped, as pine needles. Acerotous (ah-ser/-o-tus) [ä priv.; Kmpóg, wax]. taining no wax ; said of ointments and plasters. Acerous (as/-er-us) [ä priv.; Képaç, a horn). In biology, having undeveloped, minute, or no horns or antennae; aceratophorous. Acervate (as-er/-vāt) [acervatus, A.A. of acervare, to heap upon]. In biology, growing in heaps or clusters. Acervuline (as-er/-vu-lin) [acervulus, a heapl. Agmi- nated, or aggregated; as certain mucous glands. Acervulus, or Acervulus cerebri (as-er’-vu-lus ser/- e-bri). Concretionary matter near the base of the pineal gland, consisting of alkaline phosphates and carbonates, with amyloid matter; brain-sand. Acescence (as-es/-ems), [acescere, to grow sour]. I. The process of becoming sour; the quality of being Con- ACESCENCY somewhat sour. 2. A disease of wines, whereby they become sour owing to the agency of mycoderma aceti. Acescency (as-es/-en-se). See Acescence. Acescent (as-es/-ent) [acescere, to become sour]. Some- what acid or tart; acidulous, Aceta (as-e'-tah). Plural of Acetum, q.v. Acetable (as-et/-a-07) [acetabulum, a small cup]. old name for the acetabulum. Acetabular (as-et-ab/-u-lar) [acetabulum, a small cup]. Pertaining to the acetabulum. Acetabuliferous (as-et-aē-it-liſ/-er-us) [acetabulum, a small cup ; ferre, to bear]. Having suckers, as the arms of cuttle-fishes and squids. Acetabuliform (as-et-ab/-u-le-form) [acetabulum, a small cup ; forma, form]. Having the form of the acetab- ulum, or of a shallow cup; cotyloid, or glenoid. Acetabulum (as -et-aē/- u - lum) [L., a small cup or measure]... In biology, any cup-shaped cavity or organ. The articulating cavity of the head of the femur, or the leg of an insect; one of the suckers on the arms of cephalopods, or on the scolex of a tape- worm ; the receptacle of certain fungi and lichens. Acetal (asſ-et-al) [acetum, vinegar], CºH, O,. Ethi- dene diethylate, a colorless, mobile liquid, with an ethereal odor, produced by the imperfect oxidation of alcohol under the influence of platinum black. Spar- ingly soluble in water; boils at IO4° C.; sp. gr. at 20° is o.83O4. Its action is that of a soporific. Dose gj. Acetaldehyd (as-et-a/-de-hid). The normal aldehyd; ethaldehyd. See Aldehyd. . Acetals (as/-et-a/2) [acetum, vinegar]. Products of the combination of aldehyds with the alcohols at IOO9 C. Acetamid (as-et/-am-id), C, H, NO. A white crystal- line Solid produced by distilling ammonium acetate, or by heating ethyl acetate with strong aqueous ammonia. It combines with both acids and metals to form unstable compounds. - Acetanilid (as-et-an/-iſ-id), CsPI,NO. A white, crys- talline solid. Produced by boiling anilin and glacial acetic acid together for several hours; the crystalline mass is then distilled. It melts at II.4° and boils at 295°. It is soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether. Under the name antiſebrin it is prescribed as an anti- pyretic. Dose gr. iij–xv. Acetarium (as-et-a/-re-um) [gen., Acetarii. pl., Aceta- ria]. A pickle or salad. A. Scorbuticum, a pickle containing leaves of scurvy-grass or other anti-scor- butic plants; used in the treatment of scorbutic cases. Unof. Acetary (as/-et-a-re) [acetum, vinegar]. An obsolete or rare name for a sour pulpy substance found in pears and some other fruits; often enclosed within a congeries of calculous granules. Acetate (as/-et-āt) [acetum, vinegar]. Any salt of acetic acid. A. of Lead, plumbi acetas. See Alumbum. Acetic (as-e/-fi/) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining to acetum or vinegar; sour. See Acid, Acetic. A. Fer- mentation, the development of acetic acid by the activity of the Mycoderma aceti. Acetin (as/-et-in) [acetum, vinegar]. A chemical com- pound formed by the union of glycerin and acetic acid. Acetolatum, (as-et-o-la/-tum) [gen., Aceto/ati. ?/., Ace- tolata]. Distilled vinegar, variously aromatized or medicated. - Acetolature (as-et-o/-at-àr) [acetolaturum]. acetous tincture, or medicated vinegar. Acetometer (as-et-om/-ct-er) [acetum, vinegar; uérpov, measure]. An instrument used in the quantitive de- termination of acetic acid. Acetometry (as-et-om/-et-re) [acetum, vinegar; plérpov, measure]. The quantitive estimation of the amount An Any 26 ACETYLENE of acetic acid in vinegar. //zeter. Acetone (as/-et-ön) [acetum, vinegar], C.H.O. Dime- thyl Ketone. A colorless, mobile liquid, of peculiar odor and burning taste; present in crude wood-spirit; it occurs in Small quantities in the blood and in normal urine, and in considerable quantities in the urine of diabetics. Like methyl alcohol it is miscible in all proportions with ether, alcohol, and water. It is an excellent solvent for resins, gums, camphor, fats, and gun-cotton. Acetones (asſ-et-önz). A class of compounds that may be regarded as consisting of two alcoholic radicals united by the group CO, or as aldehyds in which hy- drogen of the group COH has been replaced by an alcoholic radical. - Acetonemia (as-et-o-me/-me-ah) [acetone; aipa, blood.] The presence of acetone in the blood. It may re- sult from a number of diseases, but is characteristic of chronic diabetes, and is associated with dyspnea, sub- normal temperature, lowered pulse-rate, etc. The patient finally falls into coma. The treatment consists in increasing the secretions and by removing the causes of the diseases. . Acetonuria (as-et-ön-u/-re-ah) [acetoné, oipov, urine]. The presence of acetone in the urine. Acetophenone (as-et-o-fe/-nón), º: “Hypnone;” a hypnotic and antiseptic. Without satisfactory action. Dose miv-xv. It results from the action of zinc methyl upon benzoyl chlorid. Crystal- lizes in large plates, melts at 20.5°, and boils at 202°. Acetosella (as-et-o-se/-ah). See Oxalis acetosella. Acetous (as-e'-tus) [aceſum, vinegar]. Like or resem- bling vinegar; pertaining to, or charged with vinegar or acetic acid. Acetoxim (as-et-oks/-im), (CHA),C.N.O.H. A com- pound formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon acetone; readily soluble in water, alcohol and ether; fuses at 60°, boils at 135°. Acetoxims (as-et-oks/-im2). See Aldoxims. Acetphenetidin (as-et-fe-net/-id-in). See Phenacetin. Acetum, (as-e'-tum) [gen., Aceta ... pl., Aceti]. [L.]. Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic acid produced by acetous fermentation of wine, cider, or other fruit-juice. See Fermentation. In pharmacy, a solution of the active principles of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. There are four official aceta, each of which contains the solu- ble principles of ten per cent. of its weight, viz., of lobelia, opium, Sanguinaria, and squill; the acetum of cantharides is official in Great Britain. A. aromat- icum (N. F.) [“aromatic vinegar”], a mixture of alcohol, water and acetic acid, aromatized with the oils of rosemary, lavender, juniper, peppermint, cassia, lemon and cloves. A. britannicum, an aromatic vinegar consisting of glacial acetic acid 6oo.o, cam- Usually made by an aceto- phor 6o.o, oil of cloves 2.0, oil of cinnamon I.O, oil of lavender O.5. . Acetyl (as/-et-il) [acetum, vinegar], (C, HAO). A uni- valent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and its derivatives. Aldehyd may be regarded as the hydrid and acetic acid as the hydrate, of acetyl. A. Peroxid, (C,EIAO),O, a thick liquid, insoluble in water, but readily dissolved by ether and alcohol. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is decomposed in sunlight and explodes violently when heated. Acetylene (as-et/-iſ-em) [acetum, vinegar], C, H2. A colorless gas, with a characteristic and very unpleas- ant odor, burning with a luminous, smoky flame. Illuminating gas contains a small amount of it. Formed by the imperfect combustion of illuminating gas and other hydrocarbons. The acetylene serieſ of hydrocarbons has the general formula, CnH2n-2, ACHE Ache (àA) [A. S., acan, to ache]. Any continuous or throbbing pain. Ache (atch). [Fr.]. An old, or local name for common parsley. See Agium. Acheilia (ah-ki/-le-ah), [ä priv.; xeiàog, a lip]. The congenital absence of lips. Acheilous (ah-ki/-/us) [ä priv.; xeižoc, a lip]. Born without lips; affected with acheilia. Acheiria (ah-ki/-re-ah) [& priv.; zeip, a hand]. The congenital absence of hands. Acheirous (ah-ki/-rus) [& priv.; 2 eip, a hand]. Af. fected with acheiria; born without hands. - Acheirus (ah-ki/-rus). An acheirous person, or fetus; one who was born without hands. Achene (a-Āen/). Same as Achenium. Achenium (a/k-ke/-né-um) [á priv.; zaivetv, gape: Al., Achenia]. In biology, a small, dry, one-seeded, in- dehiscent fruit. Achenocarp, or Achaenocarp (ah-ke/-no-karż) [ä priv.; Žaivetv, togape; Kaprág, fruit]. In biology, any dry fruit, not opening spontaneously when ripe. See Achenium. Achenodium (ak-en-o’-de-um) [L.]. A cremocarp or double achenium, as produced by some umbelliferous plants. See Achenium. Achetous, or Achaetous (ah-ke/-tus) [ä priv.; zairm, hair]. In biology, lacking setae, chaºtae, or bristles. Achilia (ah-ki/-le-ah). See Acheilia. Achillea :::::::: [Achilles, its reputed discoverer]. Milfoil, Yarrow. The herb A. millefolium. Properties due to a bitter, aromatic, astringent, tonic extractive, achillein, and a volatile oil. It has long been used as a vulnerary, and has been highly recommended for intermittents, and in low, exanthematous fevers. Dose 3.j—Oj infusion ad lib.; of the extractive, 3.j—iij; of the volatile oil, gtt. v-xv. Unof. To the genus Achillea belong various other unofficial medicinal plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in preparing cordials and a diaphoretic medicine, and A. ptarmica, or Sneezewort, a strong sialagogue. Achillein (a4-i/-e-in). [achilleinum ; gen., Achilleini]. An extractive from Achillea millifolium. See Achillea. Achilles Tendon (ak-i/-ez tem/-don). See Tendon. Achillodynia (ak-il-o-dim/-e-ah) [Achilles; 3600m, pain]. Pain referred to the insertion of the tendo-Achillis, sometimes with apparent swelling of the tendon and of the os calcis. Achilous (ah-ki/-lus). Achiote (a-che-o'-te). Achiria (ah-ki/-re-ah). Achirous (ah-ki/-rus). See Acheirous. Achirus (ah-ki/-rus). See Acheirus. Achlamydeous (ak-lam-ia'-e-us) [á priv.; xàauðc, a cloak). In biology, flowers lacking calyx, corolla, or perianth. Achlorophyllous (ak-&lo-roºft/-us) [& priv.; xàopóg, green; ©tºov, leaf J. In biology, without chlorophyll, or leaf-green. Achloropsia (ak-&lo-ropºse-ah) [á priv.; xàopóc, green; öbig, vision]. Green-blindness. Achlys (ak’-lis) [äx^{c, gloom, mist]. Cloudiness of the cornea. Achne (a4'-me) [äxvn, anything shaved off]. I. Lint, or charpie; floss. 2. Mucus upon the eye. Acholia (a/k-ko'-le-ah) ſā priv.; x0%, bile]. Non-secre- tion or non-excretion of bile. Acholic (ah-Kol-'ik) [ä; x0%]. Affected with acholia. Acholous (akº-o-ºs) [á priv.; 20%, bile]. Pertaining to or affected with acholia. Achondroplasia (ah-kom-dro-pla/ -se-ah) [ä priv.; 26v- Opoc, cartilage; Tââogetv, to form]. Lack of devel- opment in a cartilaginous structure; the absorption of cartilage during its transformation into bone. See Acheilous. See Annotto. See Achezria. 27 ACHROODEXTRIN Achondroplasy (ah-kon/-dro-pla-se) [ä priv.; Yövdpoc, cartilage; Tââooeuv, to form]. Lack of the normal development of cartilage. Parrot's term for a form of fetal rickets in which the limbs are short, the curves of the bones exaggerated, and there is an absence of the proliferating zone of cartilage at the junction of the epiphyses. The children are generally still-born. This condition is very much like a fetal cretinism. Achor (a/-kor) [äxop, chaff, scurf, or dandruff; pl., Achores (a-Aor/-ez) J. Crusta lactea. A small pustule, followed by a scab, upon the heads of infants. Achordal (ah-kor/-dal) [ä priv.; zépôm, cord]. Not derived from the notochord. Achorion (a-Ao’-re-on) [dim. of ārop, chaff]. A genus including several species of fungous (or fungoid) organisms (possibly modified forms of Penicillium glaucum), found in the skin, especially the hair fol- licles. A. Áeratophagus, the form causing Onycho- mycosis, g. v. A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurans. A. schönleinii, the species occurring in ringworm or Tinea favosa. Achroa (ah-Aro/-ah). See Achroia. Achroia (ah-Åroi/-ah). Same as Achroma, g. v. Achroicythemia (ah-Kroi-si-the-me-ah). Same as Achroiodyſhemia. See also Oligochromemia. Achroiocythemia (ah-Aroi-o-si-the-me-ah), or Achroe- ocythaemia (ah-Are-o-si-the-me-ah) [äxpotoc, color- less; kūToç, cell; alua, blood]. A deficiency of hemoglobin in the red blood corpuscles; also, the diseased state that is associated with such deficiency. Achroleucous (ah-Aro-lu'-kus) [äxpoog, pale; Wevkóg, white]. Yellowish-white, dull cream color. Achroma (ah-Aro/-mah) [ä priv.; Aſpöua, color]. Ab- sence of color. Pallor. Paleness, from whatsoever cause. A., Congenital. See Albinism. A. Cutis. See Leukoderma. Achromasia (ah-Aro-ma/-ze-ah). See Achroma. Achromatic §:... -ić) [ä priv.; Aſpöpia, color]. Pertaining to achroma; without color. A. Lens, one the dispersing power of which is exactly neutralized by another lens having the same curvature but of unequal refractive index. See also Aberration and Objective. A. Triplet. See Microscope. Achromatin (ah'-Aro’-mat-in) [á priv.; Aſpöua, color]. The substance in the nucleus of a cell prior to division. So called because not readily stained by coloring agents. See Cell Body. A. of Flemming. See Aara/İzzzzz. Achromatism (ah-Kro'-mat-izm) [á priv.; xpópia, color]. Absence of chromatic aberration. Achromatopsia (ah-Aro-mat-öp/-se-ah) [ä priv.; Aſpöua, color; 6 pig, eyesight]. Color-blindness; Daltonism; dyschromatopsia. Achromatosis (ah-Kro-mat-o/-sis) [á priv.; Aſpöua, color]. Any disease characterized by deficiency of pigmentation in the integumentary tissues. Achromatous (ah-kro/-mat-us) [ä priv.; Aſpöua, color]. Deficient in color. Achromia (ah-Åro/-me-ah) [ä priv.; Aſpöua, color]. Albinism ; achroma. Achromodermia (ah-Åro-mo-der/-me-ah) [a priv.; Apôpia, color; 6&pua, skin]. An albinotic, or color- less state of the skin. Achromophilous (ah-Kro-moſ'-i/-us) [á priv.; aſpöua, color; pl?eiv, to love]. Not readily stained; not chromophilous. Achromotrichia (ah-Aro-mo-trik/-e-ah) [á priv.; aſpöua, color; 6pt:, hair]. Absence of pigment from the hair. Achromous (ah-Aro'-mus) [d priv.; Apôpia, color]. Pale, colorless; having no color. Achroödextrin (ah-kro-o-deks/-trin) [äxpoog, colorless; dexter, right]. A reducing dextrin formed by the action ACHYLIA of the diastatic ferment of saliva upon starch or gly- cogen. It is a modification of dextrin that may be precipitated by alcohol, and is not altered by ptyalin, nor colored by iodin. Achylia (ah-ki/-le-ah) [ä priv.; xvAóc, juice]. Absence or deficiency of juice, or of chyle. Achylosis (ah-ki-lo/-sis) [á priv.; 2 v26g, juice]. De- ficient chylification. Achylous (a/-4i/-/us) [ä priv.; xv26g, juice]. Without chyle; deficient in chyle or juice. Achymosis (a/-Ai-mo/-sis) [ä priv.; zvuòg, chyme]. Deficient chymification. Achyranthes (ah-ki-ran/-thez) [äxvpov, chaff; āv6oc, a flower]. A genus of amyrantaceous plants. A. calea, of Mexico, is febrifugal. A. repens, of Europe and the United States, is diuretic. Unof. Acicula (as-ik/-u-lah) [dim. of acus, a needle]. In biology, a spine, bristle, or prickle; the bristle-like flower of a grass. - Acicular (as-ić/-u-lar) [acus, a needle]. Needle-like. Aciculum (as-ik/-u-lum) [dim. of acus, a needle: A/., Acicula]. In biology, one of the slender sharp bristles in the rudimentary limbs of some worms. Aciculus (as-iº/-u-lus) [acus, a needle]. In biology, a stout bristle or prickle. Acid (as/-īd) [acere, to be sour]. A name loosely applied to any substance having a sour taste. A com- pound of an electro-negative element with one or more atoms of hydrogen which can be replaced by electro- positive or basic atoms. Acids vary in their termina- tions according to the quantity of oxygen or other electro-negative constituent. Those having the maxi- mum of oxygen end in -ic; those of a lower degree in -ozas. Where there are more than two combinations the preposition hyper- is prefixed to the highest, and //o- to the lowest. Acids that end in -ic, as sul- phuric acid, form salts terminating in -ate ; those end- ing in -ous form salts terminating in -ite. Physiologic- ally, acids in concentrated form act as caustics; diluted and in medicinal doses they check acid-producing and increase alkaline secretions. A., Abietic. See Aóżetic. A., Abric (C12H2:NAO), a crystallizable acid, said to exist in jequirity. A., Aceric, found in the juice of Acer campestre, the common English maple. A., Acetic, an acid solution composed of 36 parts of absolute acetic acid (C, H, O,), and 64 parts water. Has strong acid properties. Miscible with water and alcohol. A., Acetic, Glacial, the absolute acid in crystalline form. An escharotic. A., Acetic, Dilute, contains six per cent. of absolute acid. Dose 5.j—ij. An impure form obtained by the destructive distilla- tion of wood is known as wood vinegar, or pyrolig- neous acid. A., Acetic, Test. See Tests, 7able of. A., Aconitic (C6H6Os), occurs in different plants, as A comitum napel/us, sugar cane, and beet-roots. It may be obtained by heating citric acid alone or with concen- trated HC1. It crystallizes in small plates, that dissolve readily in alcohol, ether and water, and melt at 186°–7°. An acid found in aconite. A., Adibasic. See A., Suberic. A., Adipic (C6H16O.), obtained by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. Crystallizes in shining leaflets, or prisms; soluble in thirteen parts of cold water; melts at I48°. It is dibasic and diatomic. A., Agaricic (C18H300; + H2O), a resin acid obtained from the fungus Poſyporus officinalis, growing on larch trees. The acid has been recommended for the checking of night-sweats. It also checks the other excretions and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathartic. Unof. A., Alanthic (C15H26O2), /muſic acid, found in ſmula he/emium. Occurs in needle-like crystals. A., Aldepalmitic (Cls Ha602), the chief component of the butter of the cow. A., Alginic. See Algin. A., ACID Alloxanic (C, H, N,OI), a crystalline acid, obtained by treating alloxan with alkalies. A., Alpha-oxy- naphthoic (Cu,Fis0s), a fragrant crystalline acid, de- rived from alpha-naphthol. It is strongly antiseptic and deodorant; useful in wound-dressing; but appears to be toxic when taken by the stomach. Unof. A., Alphatolinic. See A., Pheny/-acetic. A., Amalic (Cs(CH3)4N.O.), [äuažóg, weak], tetramethylalloxan- tin, formed by the action of HNO3, or chlorine water, upon thein, or, better, by the reduction of dimethyl alloxan with H.S. Consists of colorless, sparingly soluble crystals, that impart a red color to the skin. A., Amido-acetic. See Glycin. A., Amido- benzoic (C.H.I.N.O.), occasionally found in the urine. A., Amido-succinamic, same as Asparagin. A., Angelic (C5HsO2), a crystalline monobasic acid. Exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in the roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and amyl esters in Roman oil of cumin. Crystallizes in shining prisms, melts at 45°, and boils at 185°. It has a peculiar Smell and taste. A., Anisic (CsIIsOs), obtained by oxidizing anisol and anethol with HNO3, and from aniseed by the action of oxidizing substances. Crys- tallizes from hot water in long needles, from alcohol in rhombic prisms; melts at 185°, boils at 280°. It is antiseptic and antirheumatic. A., Anthranilic (C- H, NO.), prepared by oxidizing indigo by boiling it with manganese dioxid and sodium hydroxid. It sublimes in long needles, is readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, and melts at 144°. A., Anthro- pocholic (Cisłł280) [äväpotrog, man; 3.6%m, bile], an acid said to be obtainable from human bile. Its existence is doubtful. A., Anticylic, a white fragrant powder with pleasant acid taste, readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin, used as an antipyretic. Dose gr: rºw. A., Aposorbic (C5H2O), produced on oxidizing sorbin with HNO3. It crystallizes in small leaflets that melt with decomposition at IIo9. Easily soluble in water. A., Arabic. See Arabin. A., Arabonic (C5H10O3), tetraoxyvaleric acid, ob- tained by the action of bromin water or HNO, upon arabinose. A., Aromatic, a name applied to certain organic acids occurring in the balsams, resins, and other odoriferous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic substances in order to modify their flavor. A., Arsenous, and Arsenic. See Arsenic. A., Aspartic (C, H, NO.), occurs in the vinasse obtained from the beet root, and is procured from albuminous bodies in various reactions. It is prepared by boiling asparagin with alkalies and acids. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, or leaflets, and dissolves with difficulty in water. A., Atrolactinic (CoH10O3), obtained from acetophenone by means of prussic acid and H2SO, or dilute HC1. Dissolves very readily in water; crystallizes with one- half H.O in needles or plates; melts at 91°. A., Atropic (CoHsO2), results from atropin, tropic acid, and atrolactinic acid when they are heated with con- centrated HC1. Crystallizes from hot water in mono- clinic plates; is sparingly soluble in cold water, easily in ether and benzene ; melts at IO6°. A., Auric (Au(OH)2), gold trihydroxid. A. Bath. See Bath. A., Behenolic (C, H,00), derived from the bromids of erucic and brassidic acids. Melts at 57.5°. A., Benzoic (C.H.O.), occurs free in some resins, chiefly in gum benzoin, and in coal tar. It crystal- lizes in white, shining needles, or leaflets, melts at 120°, and distils at 250°. It volatilizes readily, and its vapor possesses a peculiar odor that produces coughing. A., Boric. See Boron. A., Brassidic (CºHº,02), isomeric with erucic acid; produced by the action of nitric acid on erucic acid; melts at 56°. A., Brenz ACID catechin sulphuric (CºH,(HO),.O.SQ.), has been found in human urine, mainly after the ingestion of salicin, hydroquinon, etc. A., Butyric (C, HsO.) [butyrum, butter], an acid having a viscid appearance and rancid Smell. It is obtained commercially by the fermentation of a mixture of sugar and butter or cheese in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, but occurs in various plants, in cod-liver oil, in the juice of meats, and in the perspiration. Combined with glycerin as glyceryl butyrate, it is essentially butter. The ether derived from butyric acid is the natural flavor of the pineapple. A., Caffeic (C, HsO,), obtained when the tannin of coffee is boiled with potassium hydroxid; crystallizes in yel- low prisms, and is very readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. A., Campholic (CoHisO2), produced on distilling camphor over heated soda-lime, or with alcoholic potash; it melts at 95°, and is a white, vola- tile solid, insoluble in cold water. A., Camphoric (CoHigO), a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor with HNO, ; crystallizes from hot water in colorless leaflets; melts at 178°, and decomposes into water and its anhydrid, CsPilº(CO),O. Used in night- sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx. A., Cam- phoronic (CoH12O3 + H2O), produced by the further oxidation of camphoric acid; it occurs in the mother liquor. Loses its water of crystallization at IOO–120° and melts at I 35°. It forms colorless microscopic needles that are volatile and readily soluble in water. A., Capric (CoHigCO.OH), occurs in small quantity, as a glycerid in cow’s butter. Crystallizes in fine needles, melting at 30° C., very insoluble in boiling water. A., Caproic (C6H12O2), the sixth in the series of fatty acids; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, inflammable, and with a very acid and penetrating taste. Prepared from butter, cocoanut oil, and various other sources. A., Caprylic (C, HisCO.OH), an acid combined with glycerin, forming a glycerid existing in various animal fats; liquid at ordinary temperatures. A., Carbamic (H, N.C.O.OH), an acid not known in the free state; its ammonium salt is contained in com- mercial ammonium carbonate. The esters of carbamic acid are called urethanes. A., Carbazotic. See A., Picric. A., Carbolic (CSHsOH), Phenol—the correct designation of this substance—is procured from coal tar by fractional distillation. It has a very peculiar and characteristic odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and has preservative properties. The sp. gr. at o° is I.O84; it crystallizes in colorless rhombic needles that melt at 42.2°, boiling at 180°, and it is not decomposed upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it dissolves in water with difficulty (I : I5), but is soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerin in all proportions. Upon exposure to light and air it deli- quesces and acquires a pinkish color. It is used in the manufacture of many of the artificial coloring matters, e.g., picric acid, used as a yellow dye. Large quan- tities of various qualities of carbolic acid are consumed for antiseptic purposes. It is a powerful antiseptic and germicide, and a violent poison. Internally it is used in vomiting and intestinal fermentation. Dose gr. 34—j. A., Carb., Aqua, contains Io drachms of the glycerit to I. pint of water. Dose 3.j-3 ss. A., Carb., Garga- risma, grs. ij-3.j, for fetid sore throat. A., Carb., Glycerit, contains acid I, glycerin 4 parts. A., Carb., Liquefactum, (B. P.). Dose muj-ij. A., Carb., Solutions, vary from i to 5 per cent. in water. A., Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone (B.P.), each contain. ing gr. jof carbolic acid. A., Carb., Unguent, con- tains acid Io, ointment 90 parts. A., Carbol., Injectio Hypoderm., 2–5 per cent., for anthrax, and erysipelas. A., Carbonic (CO2), carbon dioxid; a product of combustion; a colorless, transparent, odorless gas, 29 ACID heavier than air; incapable of sustaining respiration. It is eliminated by the lungs, and when retained in the system gives rise to cyanosis. A., Carminic (CIn HisOlo), coloring matter found in the buds of cer- tain plants, and especially in cochineal, an insect inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is an amorphous purple-red mass, very readily soluble in water and alcohol. Yields red salts with the alkalies. A., Cathartinic, an active principle from several species of Cassia. It occurs in brown hygroscopic scales. Used as a laxative in doses of gr. iv-vj. A., Cerebrinic (CºHuanCs), an acid found in the brain and belonging to the group called cerebrinacides. A., Cerotic (C27H5,O.) [Kmpotóg, waxy], a fatty acid, existing in the free state in beeswax, and combined with ceryl as an ether in Chinese wax. It crystallizes from alcohol in delicate needles, melting at 78°. A., Chelidonic (C, H, Os), occurs together with malic acid in Chelidonium majus. Crystallizes in silky needles with one molecule of water, and melts at 220°. A., Chloracetic [chlorin and acetic], an acid, called also Monochloracetic acid, produced by the substitution of chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic acid. It is sometimes used as a caustic. A., Chloric (HClO3), an acid known only in its compounds and its aqueous solution. Some of its compounds, the chlorates, are of great service in medicine. A., Cho- lalic. See A., Cholic. A., Cholic (C2H12O5), Cholalic Acid', from glycocholic and taurocholic acids; crystallizes from hot water in small anhydrous prisms, sparingly soluble in water, and melting at I95°. A., Choloidinic, derived from Cholalic Acid, and proba- bly a mixture of this with dyslysin; all three decomposi- tion products of bile acids. A., Chromic, strictly the compound H2CrO, ; chromium trioxid combined with water; it forms salts called chromates. In most books the chromium trioxid, CrO3, is called by this name. It is a crystalline solid, and is a useful escharotic for the destruction of syphilitic warts and similar growths. A solution of I : 4O is used as an antiseptic wash for putrid sores and wounds. A., Chrysanisic (C, HSN3Os), an acid forming golden- yellow crystals, used in the preparation of certain anilin dyes. It melts at 25.9° and sublimes. A., Chrysenic (C17H12O3), produced when chrysene is fused with caustic alkali. Forms silver-white leaflets and melts at 186°. A., Chrysophanic (Cls HoO,), Acheinic Acid, exists in the lichen, Parmedia parietina, in senna leaves, and in the rhubarb root. Crystallizes in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting at 162°. See Chrysarobin. A., Cinchoninic (CoHº N (CO,H)), produced by oxidizing cinchonin with potassium per- manganate, or HNO3. Crystallizes in needles, con- taining 2H2O, in thick prisms, or plates, with 2H,O; melts at 254°. A., Cinnamic (CoHsO.), occurs in Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax, and in some benzoin resins. Crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, from alcohol in thick prisms; is odorless, melts at 133° ; soluble in hot water and in alcohol. It has been used in tuberculosis, both internally and externally. Dose muj-x, hypodermatically. A., Citric (C6HsO.), occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberry, beets, and in various acid fruits. It crystallizes with one molecule of water in large rhombic prisms, which melt at IOO", are colorless, inodorous, and extremely sharp in taste. It is used as a discharge in calico-printing. It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. A., Comanic (CSH, O,), obtained from chelidonic acid by the loss of carbon dioxid. It dissolves with difficulty in water; melts at 250°. A., Comenic (C6H,Os), is produced by heating meconic acid to I2O-200°. It is rather inso- luble in water and crystallizes in hard, warty masses. ACID A., Counalic (CSH, O,), identical with comanic acid. Produced when malic acid is heated together with concentrated H2SO, ; dissolves with difficulty in cold water and melts with decomposition at 206°. A., Coumaric (CoHsO3), an acid derived from coumarin and intimately related to salicylic acid, being converted into the latter by fusion with potassium hydrate. A., Coumarilic (C6H6O3), a monobasic acid obtained from coumarin dibromid; crystallizes from hot water in delicate needles, melting at I90°; moderately solu- ble in water and extremely soluble in alcohol. A., Crenic [kpāvm, a spring], an acid found in certain spring waters and also in vegetable mould and in ochreous deposits. A., Cresolsulphuric (C.H.O.S.- O.OH), exists in the urine in small traces; also found in the urine of herbivorous animals. See Cresol. A., Croconic (C; H,0s), is produced by the alkaline oxidation of most of the hexa- substituted benzene-derivatives; crystallizes in sul- phur-yellow leaflets, readily soluble in water and alcohol; has an acid taste and reaction. A., Cumic (CoH12O2), is produced by the oxidation of cuminic alcohol with dilute HNO3. Very soluble in water and alcohol, crystallizes in colorless needles or leaflets, melts at II6°, and boils at about 290°. A., Cyanic (CONH), obtained by heating polymeric cyanuric acid. It is a mobile, volatile liquid, only stable below O’; reacts strongly acid; has an odor like that of glacial acetic acid; vesicates the skin; dissolves in alcohols. A., Cyanuric. See A., 7%ricyanic. A., Damalic (C12H22O.), [óóplažug, heifer], has been obtained from the urine of cows and horses, and from human urine. A., Damaluric (C, H2O2) [66plažug, heifer; oipov, urine], an oily compound, derivable from the urine of cattle and of mankind. A., Desox- alic (C5H8Os), is seen in large, Shining crystals, that melt at §3. A., Diacetic (C4H8O3), an acid present in the urine in some diseased conditions, e. g., aceton- uria. With a solution of ferric chorid it gives a Bur- gundy-red color. A., Durylic (CoH12O,), obtained by the oxidation of durene; crystallizes in hard prisms and melts at II.5°. A., Elaidic (CIs H310,), a fatty acid, produced by the action of nitrous acid on oleic acid. Isomeric with the latter. Consists of brilliant leaflets, melting at 44–45°. A., Ellagic (CºHsO3), occurs in the bezoar stones (an intestinal calculus of the Persian goat). Occurs in the form of a powder con- taining I molecule of water of crystallization. Insoluble in water; light pale yellow in color; tasteless. A., Enanthylic, or CEnanthylic [oiváðm, wine flower, a plant (oivoc, wine; āv6og, flower); Wm, principle], a complex ether formed by the action of nitric acid on fatty substances, especially castor oil. A., Erucic (C, H,02), present as glycerid in rape-seed oil and in the fatty oil of mustard. Prepared by saponifying rape-seed oil with lead oxid. Crystallizes from alcohol in long needles that melt at 33–34°. A., Euchroic (C12H, N,Cs), an amid of mellitic acid, produced by dry distillation of the ammonium salt. It crystallizes in large prisms and is sparingly soluble in water. A., Eugenic. See Fugemol. A., Euxanthinic (CaFils- On), Porrisic Acid, occurs as a magnesium salt in so-called ſurrée, a yellow coloring matter from India and China. Crystallizes from alcohol in yellow prisms with H.O. A., Everninic º produced on boiling evernic acid (C17H16O, ) (from Evernia 30 A., Cresylic. premasſri, a lichen formerly much used in dyeing and for making a hair powder), with baryta. It melts at 157°. A., Ferulic (CoH16O.), corresponds to vanillin. It is found in asafetida, from which it may be obtained by precipitation with lead acetate. It is very soluble in hot water, crystallizes in shining needles or prisms, Water. (as/-id ſha/-oidz), derivatives ACID and melts at 169°. A., Filicic, the main ingredient of Male, Fern. It is a white crystalline powder with slight taste and odor, insoluble in water. A., Fluoric (HF), gaseous and soluble in water, a strong escharotic. The dilute acid, I : 2OO, is used as an internal remedy in goiter. Dose muxx-xxx. A., Formic (CH,02), an acid obtained from a fluid emitted by ants when irritated; also found in stinging nettles, in shoots of the pine, and in various animal secretions. , Prepared by heating oxalic acid and gly- cerin. It is a colorless, mobile fluid, with a pungent odor, and vesicates the skin if dropped upon it. It boils at 99° and at O’ has a sp. gr. of 1.223. A., Galactonic. . See A., Zactomics A., Gallic (C, H,- Os), occurs free in gall nuts, in tea, in the fruit of Cºsaſºinia coriaria, mangoes, and various other plants. Obtained from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute acids. Crystallizes in fine, silky needles, con- taining one molecule of water. Dissolves slowly in water and readily in alcohol and ether; has a faintly acid, astringent taste; melts near 220°. Astringent and disinfectant; useful in night sweats, diabetes, and chronic diarrhea. A., Gallic, Unguent, benzoated lard .90, gallic acid Io. , A., Pyrogallic (unofficial), obtained from gallic acid by heating the latter. Recom- mended locally in phagedenic chancres as an antisep- tic and disinfectant in 1–2% per cent, solutions. Dose, internally, gr. j-ij. , A., Gluconic (C6H13O.), is formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane sugar, dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlorin or bromin Most readily obtained from glucose. It is dextro-rotatory, but does not reduce Fehling’s solution. It melts at 200°. A., Glutaric (C.H.O.), normal pyrotartaric acid. Crystallizes in large monoclinic plates, melts at 97°, and distils at 3O3°, at 14° soluble in I.2 part of water. A., Glycocholic (CºH is NOs), a monobasic acid found in bile ; sparingly soluble in water; crystallizes in minute needles, melting at 133°. A., Glycollic (C2H4Os), Oxyacetic Acid, produced by the action of nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid. It is a thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on stand- ing over sulphuric acid; the crystals melt at 80° and deliquesce in the air. It dissolves easily in water, in alcohol, and in ether. A., Glycoluric (CAHSN.O.), Aydantoâc Acid, prepared by heating urea with glycocoll to I2O9. It is a monobasic acid; very soluble in hot water and in alcohol. Crystallizes in large, rhombic prisms. A., Glycuronic (CGH10O.), obtained by decomposing euxanthic acid on boiling with dilute H2SO4. It is a syrup that decomposes readily into the lactone, CsPIsO3, on warming. It is levo-rotatory. This acid has been found in urine; it probably does not exist in normal urine ; but it appears after taking certain drugs, as benzol, indol, nitro-benzol, and the quinin derivatives. A., Glyoxylic (C.H.O.), obtained by oxidizing glycol, alcohol, and aldehyd. It is a thick liquid, readily soluble in water. Crystal- lizes in rhombic prisms by long standing over Sulphuric acid. A., Guanido-Acetic. See Glycocyamin. A., Gynocardic (C.H.O.), derived from the seeds of the Gynocardia odorata. It occurs as a yellowish oily substance melting at 30° C. (86°F.), with a dis- tinct odor and acid taste. Used as an antisyphilitic and antirheumatic. Dose gr. 34—iij. Used externally as a liniment (I to Io, or 20). A., Haloids that arise in the replacement of the hydroxyl of acids by halogens. They are liquids of sharp odor, fuming in the air and undergoing transformation into acids and halo- gen hydrids. They are heavier than water. They decompose at ordinary temperatures, forming acids. A., Hemipinic (CoH16Os), formed by oxidizing ACID narcotin with dilute HNO3. Melts at 182°. A., Hesperetinic (CoH10O2), obtained from the gluco- side hesperidin. Melts at 228°. A., Hippuric (C6H,- NOs) [ºrroc, horse; oipov, urine], Benzoyl Glycocol/, occurs in considerable amount in the urine of herbi- vorous animals, sometimes in that of man. Crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and dissolves readily in hot water and alcohol. It melts at 187°. Its salts (hippurates of lime, lithium, and sodium) are regarded as good solvents of the urates, and are recommended in gout, rheumatism, and calculous diseases. Dose grs. iv.– xvi. Unof. A., Hircic, a peculiar-smelling acid contained in goat’s milk. A., Homogentisic, an acid separated by Baumann from highly-colored urine, believed to be formed by the action of bacteria on the tyrosin normally found in pancreatic digestion. A., Homophthalic (CoHsO.), obtained by fusing gamboge with caustic potash. Crystallizes from hot water in stout prisms, melting at 175°. . A., Hydantoic. See A., Glycolzeric. A., Hydriodic (HI), Acidum Hydriodicum ; a gaseous acid. . Its solution and a syrup prepared from it are used as alter- atives, with the general effects of iodin. Unof. A., Hydrobromic (HBr); the dilute acid, which is the chief form used, consists of Io per cent. acid and 90 per cent. water. A good solvent for quinin. Useful in hysteria, congestive headaches, and neuralgia. Is recommended as a substitute for potassium and sodium bromids. Dose myxx-3 iſ. A., Hydrocaffeic (Co- HjøO.), obtained from caffeic acid by the action of sodium amalgam. A., Hydrochloric, Muriatic Acid (HCl), a liquid consisting of 31.9 per cent. of HCl gas in 68. I per cent. of water. Colorless, pungent, and in- tensely acid. Valuable as an aid to digestion. A., Hydrochloric, Dilute, a ten per cent. solution of ab- solute acid in water. Dose mujij–x. A., Hydrocin- namic (C6H5. (CH2)9CO,H), Phenyl-propiomic Acid, obtained by the action of sodium amalgam upon cinnamic acid. Very soluble in hot water and alcohol; crystallizes in needles, melts at 47°, and distils at 28oo. A., Hydrocyanic, Dilute (HCN), Prussic Acid, a liquid consisting of two per cent. of the acid with 98 er cent. of water and alcohol. Generally prepared y the action of H2SO, on potassium ferrocyanid. It is a mobile liquid, of a sp. gr. of .697 at 18° ; becomes crystalline at –15°; boils at +26.5°; pos. sesses an odor like that of bitter almonds; is extremely poisonous; a feeble acid. Prussic acid is found in the bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the cherry laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled. It is the most violent poison known, death from com- plete asphyxia being almost instantaneous. Valuable for its sedative and antispasmodic effects in vomiting, whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dosé rºj-v. The following preparations are employed: 4qua Zaurocerasi, water distilled from the leaves of the cherry laurel. Dose my-xxx, with caution. Scheeſe's Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid, is a 4 or 5 per cent. solution; dangerous. Amygdala Amara, oil of bitter almond; used in cosmetics. A., Hydrocyanic, Vapor, Hu X-xv of dilute acid in gj of water, warmed and the vapor inhaled to relieve irritable coughs. A., Hydrofluoric (HF), an aqueous solution of hydro. fluoric gas, administered in dilute form as an inhalation in phthisis and goiter. See Fluorin. A., Hydro- sulphuric (H.S), an acid which, both in its pure and gaseous form and in its watery solution, is much used as a chemical reagent. The gas has been employed by inhalation and by rectal injection in cases of tuber. culosis. (See Bergeron's Method.) Called also Hydro- £º Sufta and Suffydric Acid. A., Hydrurilic (CSHSN.O.), obtained by decomposing the copper salt 31 ACID with HC1. Occurs in little prisms. A., Hyperosmic. See A., Osmic. A., Hypochlorous (HClO), an unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and bleaching agent. Some of its salts, the hypochlorites, have a limited use in medicine. A., Hypophos- phorous (H3PO2), its salts (hypophosphites), also the dilute acid, and a syrup prepared with it, are used as remedial agents. (See Calcii Hypophosphis, Ferri Apophosphis, Sodī; Apophosphis, Potassii Hypophos- phis). A., Igasuric, an acid occurring in St. Igna- tius Bean and certain other plants containing Strychnia. It occurs in small, hard crystals with an acid, astrin- gent taste. A., Indoxylic (CºH1NO3), produced from its ethyl ester by fusion with caustic soda at 180°. Appears as a white crystalline mass, melting at 123°. A., Iodic (HIO3), a monobasic acid. Its solution (two per cent.) has been recommended as an alterative subcutaneous injection. A., Isopropyl Succinic. See A. Pimelic. A., Isosaccharic (Cs- HioCs), an acid very soluble in water and alcohol, forming rhombic crystals, and melting at 185°. Its solution is dextro-rotatory. A., Kephalo-phosphoric, a brain-acid differing from ordinary phosphoric acid in that three molecules of its hydroxyl are replaced by one molecule each of kepalyl, stearyl, and gly- ceryl. A., Lactic (HC3H3O3), a liquid containing 75 per cent. of absolute acid in 25 per cent. of water. Produced in the fermentation of milk. Gen- erally found impure from subsequent fermentation, except when freshly made. Useful in aiding digestion, in diabetes, and as a solvent of false membrane in diphtheria. Dose 3 SS—3 ss. A., Zactic, Dil., (B. P.). Dose 3 SS—ij. A., Lactonic (C.H.I.O.), Galactonic Acid, produced from milk-sugar, galactose, and gum arabic by the action of bromin water. It crystallizes, on standing over H.S.O., in small needles. A., Leu- conic (CAOs -- 4H2O), an acid produced by oxidiz- ing croconic acid with HNO3 or chlorin. Very Soluble in water; occurs in small, colorless needles. A., Levulinic(Cs HsO3), obtained from levulose, cellu- lose, cane-sugar, etc. Isomeric with methyl aceto- acetic acid; dissolves readily in water, alcohol, and ether; crystallizes in scales that melt at 33.5°; boils with slight decomposition at 239°. A., Linoleic (CigHosO3), occurs as glycerid in drying oils, such as linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. Pre- pared by Saponifying linseed oil with potash. It is a yellowish oil that has a sp. gr. of O.921. A., Maizenic, an acid derived from the stigmata (silk) of Indian corn; said to be a good diuretic. Unof A., Malic (C, HSOs), a bibasic acid, occurring free or in the form of salts in many plant juices, in unripe apples, in grapes, and in mountain-ash berries. It forms de- liquescent crystals, that dissolve readily in alcohol, slightly in ether, and melt at IOO9; it has a pleasant acid taste. A., Malonic (C.H.O.), occurs in the deposit found in the vacuum pans employed in the beet- Sugar manufacture; obtained by the oxidation of malic acid with chromic acid; crystallizes in large tables or laminae; easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; melts at 132°; at higher temperatures it decom- poses into acetic acid and carbon dioxid. A., Man- delic (C6H5, CH(OH). CO, H), is formed from ben- zaldehyd by the action of prussic acid and HCl. Obtained naturally from amygdalin; is levo-rotatory, and forms brilliant crystals, melting at 132.8°. A., Mannitic (CºHL,C),), obtained by the action of plati- num black upon aqueous mannitol. It is a very solu- ble, gummy mass, and reduces Fehling's solution. A., Mannonic (C6H15O1), produced by oxidizing man- nose with bromin water, A., Meconic (C, H, O,), a tribasic acid, occurring in opium in union with mor ACID phin. Crystallizes with 3H2O in white laminae, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. Ferric salts color the acid solutions dark red. A., Melilotic (C6H4(CH3)3, OH.CO, H), occurs free and in com- bination with coumarin in the yellow melilot. Crys- tallizes in long needles, dissolves easily in hot water, and melts at 81°. A., Mellitic (C12H5O12), occurs in mellite or honey-stone, which is found in some lignite beds. Honey-stone is an aluminium salt of mellitic acid, Cigal,Oil + 18H2O, and affords large quadratic pyramids of a bright yellow color. Mellitic acid crys- tallizes in fine, silky needles, readily soluble in water and alcohol; has a sour, bitter taste. A., Mellophanic (CSH,(CO.H.),), formed by the oxidation of isodurene. Very soluble in cold water and crystallizes in small prisms. Melts at 240°. A., Mesidic. See A. Ovitic. A., Mesitylenic (CºH16O.), obtained by gradually oxidizing mesitylene with dilute HNO3. Crystallizes from alcohol in large prisms, from water in needles. Melts at 166° and sublimes very readily. A., Metaphosphoric (HPOs), a glassy solid, not volatile by heat. It is freely soluble in cold water, and is converted by boiling into orthophosphoric acid. Used as a test for albumin in the urine. A., Metasaccharic (CSH16Os), produced by oxidizing arabinose carboxylic acid with HNO3. Melts at 68° when air-dried. A., Mucic (CºH16Os), is obtained in the oxidation of dulcitol, milk-sugar, galactose, galac- tonic acid and nearly all the gum varieties. A white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in cold water and alcohol. It melts at 2 IO* with decomposition. A., Muriatic. See A., Hydrochloric. A., Myronic [uipov, unguent] (C10H16NS,Ojo), an acid that occurs as a potassium salt in the seeds of black mustard. Crystallizes from water in bright needles. A., Nitric (HNO3), a liquid consisting of 68 per cent. absolute acid in 32 per cent. of water. The pure acid is colorless, fum- ing, and highly caustic. A very powerful escharotic, used in cauterization of chancres and phagedenic ulcers. A., Nit., Dilute, contains ten per cent. abso- lute acid. Dose muliij—xv, well diluted. A., Nitro– hydrochloric, Aqua Aegia, a golden yellow, fuming mixture of four parts nitric and I5 of hydrochloric acid. A ready solvent of gold. Valuable in affections of the liver. Dose muv-xx, very dilute. A., Noropianic (Cs H.O.), is obtained from opianic acid by heating with hydriodic acid. Readily soluble in water; melt- ing at I71°. A., Oleic (Cisłłs,C),), a constituent acid present in many fats and oils. Obtained in the manufacture of stearin candles. Soluble in alcohol, benzol, and the essential oils; insoluble in water. Saponifies when heated with alkaline bases. Used in making the oleates. It is a colorless oil that crystal- lizes on cooling. Melts at + I4°. Odorless in a pure condition, but becomes rancid on exposure to the air. A., Opianic (CoH10O3), dimethyl ether of noropianic acid. Crystallizes from hot water in fine prisms, melt- ing at 150°. A., Orsellinic (Cs HsO4), is found in different lichens of the genera ſoccella and Ze- canora. Consists of easily soluble prisms, melting at 176°. A., Ortho-oxybenzoic. See A. Salicy/ic. A., Orthophosphoric (H3PO), ordinary phosphoric acid, as distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro- phosphoric acids. A., Osmic (OsO4), the oxide of osmium, one of the rarer elements; it occurs as yellow crystals, acrid, burning, yielding an intensely irritating vapor; it has been recommended for hypodermatic use in sciatica, strumous glands, and cancer. A., Osmic, Liq., one per cent. Dose miv-vj, hypodermatically for sciatica, neuralgia, etc. Potassium Osmate (K2OsO4+ 2H,9), given in epilepsy. Dose gr. ºr, A., Oxalic (C.H.O.), a colorless crystalline solid obtained by 32 ACID treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash. It oc- curs in many plants chiefly as potassium oxalate; with two parts of water, it crystallizes in fine, transparent monoclinic prisms that at 20° effloresce in dry air and fall in a white powder. It is soluble in nine parts of water at moderate temperature and quite easily in al- cohol. In 34 gr. doses a depressant to respiratory centers. In large doses a violent poison. Unof. A., Oxamic (C.O.(NH3OH)), a monobasic acid occurring as a crystalline powder that dissolves with difficulty in cold water and melts at I73°. A., Oxyacetic. See A., Glycollic: , A., Oxycitric (CºHsOs), is produced by boiling chlorcitric acid with alkalies or water. A., Oxy. uvitic (CoHsO3), is produced by the action of chloro- form upon sodium aceto-acetic ester. Crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, and melts with decomposition at about 290°. A., Palmitic (C18H380,), an acid exist- ing as a glycerin ether in palm-oil and in most of the solid fats. It forms fine, white needles, or pearly crys- talline scales. A., Palmitolic (ClsHosO.), an acid that is isomeric with linoleic acid; melts at 42°. A., Palmitoxylic (CigHosQ,), a monobasic acid, produced from palmitolic acid on heating with fuming HNO,. Melts at 67°. A., Paracresotic (CsII,O.), a pre- paration from paracresylol. It is employed usually in the form of its sodium salt, CsPI, NaOs, which is a safe and reliable antipyretic. It is especially of service in the rheumatism of children. Dose, to children, gr. iſ— iij; to adults up to gij. Unof. A., Paralactic. See A., Sarcolactic. A., Paratartaric. See A., Racewaic. A., Pelargonic (CoHisO.), a complex ether that imparts the specific flavor to geranium and certain other aromatic oils. A., Perosmic. Same as A., Osmic. A., Phenylacetic (C.H.CH.CO,H), Aſphatoluic Acid, obtained from benzyl cyanid when boiled with alkalies. Crystallizes in shining leaflets, resembling those of benzoic acid; melts at 76.5°, and boils at 262°. It is prescribed in coughs and tuberculosis; is stimulant and antihectic. Dose of alcoholic solution gtt. x-xx. Unof. A., Phenyl-propionic. See A., Aydrocinnamic. A., Phenyl Sulphate, a solution of three grammes of phenol in 20 c.c. of strong sulphuric acid. Used for the detection of nitrates in water. A., Phosphoric (HAPO), Orthophosphoric Acid, con- tains 50 per cent. each of acid and water. Of value in strumous affections, and thought to be serviceable in dissolving phosphatic deposits. Has none of the effects derived from free phosphorus or the hypophosphites. A., Phosphoric, Dilute, contains ten per cent. of absolute acid. Dose muv-xxx. See Sodium, Zºofas- sium, Calcium, etc. A., Phosphorous (HAPO3), a compound of hydrogen with phosphorus and hydro- gen with phosphorus anhydrid. Its salts are called phosphites. A., Phthalic (Cs H.O.), the or- tho-dicarboxylic acid of benzene, obtained by oxidiz- ing naphthalene with HNO3. It crystallizes in short prisms or in leaflets readily soluble in hot water, alco- hol, and ether. It melts at above 200°. See Phthalate. A., Picric (CºH,(NO.)3OH), obtained by the nitration of phenol. It crystallizes from hot water and alcohol in yellow leaflets or prisms which possess a very bitter taste. Readily soluble in hot water, its solution im- parting a beautiful yellow color to silk and wool. It melts at 122.5°; a saturated solution is of some value , as a wash in erysipelas. An excellent test for albumin and sugar in urine. Dose gr. v-xv. A., Pimelic (C.H.I.O.), /sopropyl Succinic Acid, melts at II4°. A., Piperic (C19H10O.), a monobasic acid, consisting of shining prisms; almost insoluble in water, and crystal- lizes from alcohol in long needles, melting at 217°. It is produced from piperin by boiling with alcoholic potash. A., Porrisic. See A., Euxanthinic. A., ACID Prehnitic (CoHsOs), results from oxidizing prehnitol with potassium permanganate. Very soluble in water, and crystallizes in warty masses that melt at 238°. A., Propargylic. See A., Propiolic. A., Propiolic. (C.H.O.), Propargylic Acid, a liquid with an odor re- sembling that of glacial acetic acid; when cool, it solidifies to silky needles, that melt at + 6°; dissolves readily in water, alcohol, and ether; boils with de- composition at 144°. A., Protocatechuic (C7H8O.), obtained from many benzene derivatives as well as from various resins (benzoin, asafetida, myrrh) on fusion with potassium hydroxid. Crystallizes with one molecule of water in shining needles or leaflets, and dissolves readily in hot water, alcohol, and ether. A., Prussic. See A., Hydrocyanic. A., Purpuric (Cs HsV;Os), an acid not known in the free state, since as soon as it is liberated from its Salts by mineral acids it immediately decomposes into alloxan and uramil. Produced by the action of HNOa upon uric acid. A., Pyrogallic (C&H3Os), pyrogallol, formed by heating gallic acid with water to 2Io° It forms white leaflets or needles, melts at II5°, and sublimes when carefully heated. Readily soluble in water, less so in alcohol and ether. It is useful in the treatment of certain skin diseases, but is poisonous, and must be used with caution. A., Pyroligneous, the crude acid obtained in the destructive distillation of wood. It is a clear liquid of reddish-brown color and strong acid taste, with a peculiar penetrating odor described as empyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains. It possesses a sp. gr. of from I.OI8 to I.O3O, and contains from four to seven per cent. of real acetic acid. A., Pyromellitic (CoHsOs), is produced by oxidizing durene and durylic acid with potassium per- manganate. Crystallizes in prisms, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, melts at 264°. A., Pyrophos- phoric, the dihydric phosphate (2H,O.P.O.), one of the forms of the so-called phosphoric acid. "It differs from the ordinary (trihydric or orthophosphoric) acid, and also from the monohydric, or metaphosphoric, acid, in its reactions. It is also poisonous, which they are not. Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure acid is a soft, glassy mass. A., Pyrotartaric (C.Hs- O.), is obtained by heating tartaric acid in a close vessel; consists of small, rhombic prisms, readily solu- ble in water, in alcohol, and in ether; it melts at 112°. A., Pyruvic (CAH,0s), a monobasic acid forming crystalline compounds with the acid alkaline sulphites. A., Quillaic, an acid existing in commercial sa- ponin. Injected into the tissues it is said to be ex- tremely poisonous, though not when taken by the mouth. Unof. A., Quinaldinic (C.H.N(CO,H)), crystallizes from hot water in needles containing 2H,O; effloresces in the air; melts at 156°. Prepared by oxidizing a-methyl-quinolin with chromic acid in sulphuric acid solution. , A., Quinic (C.H.I.O.), is present in the cinchona barks, coffee beans, bilberry, and other plants. Obtained as a secondary product in the preparation of quinin. Consists of rhombic prisms, easily soluble in water; melting at 162°. A., Quininic (CoH (O.CHs)N(CO, H)), obtained by oxi- dizing quinin and quinidin with chromic acid in sul- phuric acid solution. Crystallizes in long, yellow prisms; dissolves in alcohol with a blue fluorescence, and melts at 280°. A., Racemic (C, H, Os), Para- tartaric Acid, differing from common tartaric acid, not in chemical but in physical properties. A., Rheinic. See A., Chrysophanic. A., Rhodanic (CSH,S.ON), obtained by the action of CNS(NH,) upon chloracetic acid. Consists of yellow prisms, or plates, that melt at 169° with decomposition. A., Ricinoleic (Cls Hs:0s), is present in castor oil in the • 33 form of a glycerid. ACID It is a colorless oil that solidifies in the cold to a hard, white mass, melting at 16–17°. A., Rosolic (C20H18O3), a phenol compound, derived from rosanilin; valued as a dye and as a staining agent. See Stains. A., Rufigallic (C14HsOs + 2 H2- O), a derivative of anthracene; obtained by heating gallic acid with four parts of H2SO, to 140°. Consists of reddish-brown crystals, losing water at I2O", and subliming in red needles. A., Saccharic. I. Acidum saccharicum (CSH16Os), a dibasic acid; a deliquescent, gummy mass, readily soluble in alcohol. It turns brown at Iooº and decomposes. Prepared by the action of HNO3 on sugar and various other carbohy- drates. 2. (C6H12O6), Tetraoxycaproic Acid', a mono- basic acid readily changeable, when free, into its lactone, saccharin. Not known in its free state. A., Saccharonic (C6H16O.), formed by oxidizing, sac- charin by HNO3. Very soluble in water; forms large crystals. A., Salicylic (C, H2O3), Ortho-oxybenzoic Acid, occurs in a free condition in the buds of Spiraea Ulmaria, in the oil of wintergreen, and in other varie- ties of gaultheria. It consists of four-sided prisms and crystallizes readily from hot water in long needles. Is soluble in water, and very soluble in chloroform; melts at 155°–156°. Is a powerful antiseptic; also used in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism and my- algia. A., Santoninic (C15H26O), an acid into which santonin is changed under the influence of the alkalies. A., Sarcolactic (CAH8O3), occurs in muscles, to which it gives their acid reaction, and in blood, espe- cially after the muscles have been in a state of contract- ing activity. It is also found in urine in phosphorus poisoning. A. Sclerotinic. An acid found in ergot, of which it is one of the active principles. Given, hypo- dermically it has acted as an ecbolic. See Sclerotis. A., Sorbic (CSPIsO2), occurs together with malic acid in the juice of unripe mountain-ash berries. An oil that does not solidify until it has been heated with potash; almost insoluble in cold water, but crystallizes from alcohol in long needles, melting at I 34.5°, distilling at 228° without decomposition. A., Sozolic. See Aseptol. A., Sphingostearic, an acid closely re- sembling stearic acid, derivable from sphingomyelin. A., Stearic (CisłIsgO2), associated with palmitic and oleic acids as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, the tallows; crystallizes from alcohol in brilliant leaf- lets, melting at 62.2°C. A., Stearoleic (Cls HºO,), obtained from oleic and elaidic acids. Melts at 48°. A., Stearoxylic (Cisłłs,CA), produced by warming stearo- leic acid. Melts at 86°. A., Suberic (CsIH, O,), a dibasic acid obtained by boiling corks or fatty oils with HNO3. Melts at 140°C. Forms small granular crystals very soluble in boiling water, in alcohol, and in ether. It fuses at about 300° F., and sublimes in acicular crystals. A., Succinic (C, H.O.), an acid prepared by the distillation of amber, and arti- ficially in many other ways; occurs in certain hydatid cysts of the liver; diuretic, stimulant, and antispasmo- dic. Unof. A., Sulfydric. See A., Hydrosuff/ºric. A., Sulphanilic (CºH (NHA). SO3H), obtained by heating anilin (I part) with fuming H,SO, (2 parts) to 180° until SO, appears. Crystallizes in rhombic plates with one molecule of water, which effloresce in the air. A., Sulphichthyolic, an acid that appears to be the principal component of commercial ichthyol. Its sodium, ammonium, lithium, and zinc salts have been highly praised as efficacious in cystitis, nephritis, and diabetes. ... Dose grs. iss in pill or capsule. A., Sulphocarbolic (CSHSHSO.), phenyl bisulphate, formed by the union of carbolic and sulphuric acids. Its salts, the sulpho-carbolates, are used in medicine as intestinal antiseptics, etc. : See Aseptol. A., 3 ACID Sulphonic. See Asep/o/, A., Sulphoricineolic, an acid prepared from castor oil acted upon by sulphuric acid. It is a thick syrup, that has the power of dissolving and emulsifying many substances; recom- mended for pharmaceutical uses. A., Sulphuric (H,SOſ), Oi! of Vitrio/, a heavy, oily, corrosive acid, consisting of not less than 92.5 per cent. Sulphuric anhydrid and 7.5 per cent. of water. Of value in lead poisoning. Sometimes used as a caustic. A., Sulph., Aromatic, contains 20 per cent. acid, diluted with alcohol and flavored with cinnamon and ginger. Dose muv-xv. A., Sulph., Dilute, contains ten per cent, strong acid to 90 of water. Dose mux–xv, well diluted. A., Sulphurous (H2SOs), a colorless acid containing about 6.4 per cent. of sulphurous anhy- drid in 93.6 per cent. of water. The gas (SO,) is a very valuable disinfectant. The acid is used as a spray or lotion in diphtheria, stomatitis, and as a wash for indolent and syphilitic ulcers. The various hyposulphites are mainly valuable in that they de- compose and give off sulphur dioxid. Dose muv– Ä j. See, also, Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium. ., Tannic (CIIPIloCo), Tannin, an astringent acid obtained from nutgalls, occurring in yellowish, scaly crystals. Soluble in water and alcohol. Internally it is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids and tartar emetic, and in hemorrhoids and catarrh of mucous membrane. Useful mainly as an astringent lotion in many skin diseases. Dose gr. j-xx. A., Tan., Glycerit, one part tannin in four of glycerin. A., Tan., Suppositories, one part of tannin to five of butter of cacao. A., Tan., Troches, each contain % gr. of tannic acid. A., Tan., Unguent, a ten per cent. ointment of the acid incorporated with benzoated lard. A., Tartaric (C1, H10O2), an astringent acid, chiefly employed in refrigerant drinks and in baking powders; 20 grains neutralize 27 of potassium dicarbonate, 22 of sodium dicarbonate, and I5% of ammonium carbonate. Dose gr. x-xxx. Widely distributed in the vegetable world, and occurs principally in the juice of the grape, from which it deposits after fermentation in the form of acid potas- sium tartrate (argol). It results on oxidizing sac- charic acid and milk sugar with HNO3. It crystallizes in large monoclinic prisms, which dissolve readily in water and alcohol, but not in ether. It melts at I67°– 170°. Its salts are the tartrates. A., Tartronic (CA- H.O.), occurs in large prisms that are easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It melts at 184° C. Produced from glycerol by oxidation with potassium permanganate. A., Taurocholic º: occurs in bile; very soluble in water and alcohol; crystallizes in fine needles. A., Teracrylic (CH12- O), obtained by the distillation of terpentic acid. It is an oily liquid, with an odor resembling that of val- eric acid, and boiling at 208° without decomposition. A., Terebic (C, H,60,), a monobasic acid formed when turpentine oil is oxidized with HNO3. Spar- ingly soluble in cold water, crystallizes in Shining prisms, and melts at 175°. A., Tetraoxycaproic. See A., Saccharic. A., Tetraoxyvaleric. See A., Arabonic. A., Thebolactic (C4H8O3), a crys- talline principle obtained from opium. A., Tide (asſ-id-fid). See Tide. A., Trichloracetic (HC,- Cl,O.), an acid formed from acetic acid, three atoms of the hydrogen of which is (in the new acid) replaced by chlorin. It is considered one of the best reagents for the detection of albumin in the urine, and is a valuable caustic, especially for rhinopharyngological purposes. A., Trichlorlactic (CAH3O3Cl3), made by heating chloralcyanhydrin with concentrated HCl. It is a crystalline mass that melts at from IoS9 to IIo°. 34 Acida (as/-id-ah) [L.]. Acid-Albumin (as/-īd alº-bu-min). ACIDIFICATION Soluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether. A., Tricyanic (CSNOAHs), Cyanuric Acid, obtained from tricyanogenchlorid by boiling the latter with water and alkalies. It crystallizes from aqueous solu- tion with two molecules of water in large rhombic prisms; soluble in 40 parts of cold water; easily solu- ble in hot water and in alcohol. A., Trimesic (Co- HsO4), formed when mesitylenic and uvitic acids are oxidized with a chromic acid mixture. Crystallizes in short prisms, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, melts about 300°, and sublimes near 240°. A., Tropic (C6H5.C., H3(OH).CO,H), obtained by digesting the alkaloids, atropin, and belladonna with baryta water. Slowly soluble in water; crystallizes in needles or plates, and melts at I 17°. A., Umbellic (CºHsO.), obtained by digesting umbelliferon with caustic potash, and then precipitating with acids. It is a yellow powder, decomposing at about 240°. A., Undecolic (CuPilsC),), obtained from the bromid of undecylenic acid. It fuses at 59.5°. A., Uric (CºH, N, Os), an acid found in the urine of man and the carnivora— rarely in the herbivora—abundantly in the excrement of birds, reptiles, and molluscs. Crystallizes in small, white, rhombic crystals, insoluble in alcohol and ether, soluble in 1900 parts of boiling water, and in hydro- chloric acid. Exists usually in combination with the metals of the alkaline group. Separated from urine by adding ten per cent. of hydrochloric acid and allow- ing the crystals to settle for 48 hours, when they may be separated and weighed. Haycraft's method is a more exact but extended process. A., Uric, Murexid, Test for. See Murexid. A., Uroleucic (CoHo- Os) [uro-, leucin], a stellate, crystalline acid found in the urine in alkaptonuria. A., Uvitic (CºHsO.), Mesidic Acid, obtained by oxidizing mesitylene with dilute HNO3. Crystallizes from hot water in needles, melting at 287°. A., Valeric (C8H16O.), formed by oxidizing normal amyl alcohol. Similar to butyric acid, but is more sparingly soluble in water; boils at 186°; sp. gr. at O’ is O.9568. It congeals in the cold and melts at 20°. A mobile liquid with caustic acid taste and the pungent smell of old cheese. Its salts have been somewhat used in medicine. A., Veratric (CoH16O.), occurs with veratrin in the Sabadilla seeds; crystallizes from hot water in short, white, transparent needles, melting at 179.5°C.; soluble in water and alcohol. A., Vulpic (CoHL,CE), occurs in the lichen Cetraria vulpina, from which it may be extracted by chloroform or lime water. Sparingly soluble in water and ether, crystallizes from alcohol in yellow prisms, melting at 110° and subliming. A., Xanthic (C.H.S.O.C.S.SH), a heavy, oily liquid, not soluble in water, with a pene- trating smell and a sharp, astringent taste, many of whose salts have a yellow color. A., Xylic (C6Hs- (CHA), CO, H), produced by the oxidation of pseudo- cumene. Crystallizes from alcohol in long prisms; dissolves with difficulty in water; melts at I26°C., and sublimes readily. A., Xylidic (CoHsO.), obtained by oxidizing xylic acid with dilute HNO; ; separates from boiling water in flocculent masses; melts at 282°. Plural of Acidum, g. v. A derived albu- min. A proteid having been acted upon or dissolved in the stronger acids, and yielding an acid reaction. Acidiferous (as-id-if”-er-us) [acidum, acid; ferre, to bear]. Containing an acid; producing acidity. Acidifiable (as-id/-ij-i-a-b/) [acidum, acid; ſeri, to be come]. Capable of becoming an acid, or of becoming SOUlr. - Acidification §". -shum) [acidum, acid; facere, to make]. Conversion into an acid; the process of becoming sour. ACIDIMETER 35 Acidimeter (as-id-im/-et-er), [acidum, acid; Aérpov, a measure] . An instrument for performing acidimetry. Acidimetry (as-id-im/-et-re) [acidum, acid; Hérpov, a measure]. Determination of the free acid in a solu- tion by an acidimeter, or by chemical reactions. Acidity (as-id/-it-e) [acidum, acid].. The quality of being acid; sourness; excess of acid. Acidology (as-id-o/-o je) [äkic, a bandage, a point; Aóyoc, a treatise]. The science of surgical appliances. Acidometry (as-id-om/-et-re). See Acidimetry. Acidopeirastic (as-id-o-pi-rasſ-tº) ſākic, a point; Trelpáčetv, to test]. See AAEidopetrastic. ACIDS them dissolve with difficulty in water. A., Diazo. See Diazo Acids. A., Dibasic, acids containing two carboxyl groups. They are solids, crystallizable, and generally volatile without decomposition. They are mostly soluble in water and have a strong acid reaction. See Table. A., Fatty, a class of monobasic acids, formed by the oxidation of the primary alcohols. The more complex fatty acids are found in all oleaginous compounds, where they exist combined with glycerin, forming fats. The fatty acids have a general formula CnH2nO2. See Zable. A., Monobasic, products of the replacement by oxygen of the two hydrogen atoms Acidosteophyte (as-id-os/-te-o-fit) [äkic, a point; osteo- phyte]. A sharp, or needle-shaped, osteophyte. Acids derived by replacing hydro- They are crystalline solids that generally sublime undecomposed. Most of Ac/ids, Aromat/ic. gen in the benzenes by carboxyls. lent of a base. the carboxyl group CO.OH. attached to the carbon-carrying OH. These acids enter into combination with a univalent basic radical to form a neutral salt, or a Salt containing one equiva- A., Organic, acids characterized by TABLE OF DIBASIC ACIDS OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. 1. FIRST SERIES. CnH2n-2 O4. MELTIN NAME. FoRMUL.A. dº. º: .) SOLUBILITY. Oxalic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2H2O4 Solid. IoI9 Slowly in water. Easily in alcohol. Malonic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3H4O4 Solid. 1329 Easily in water, alcohol, ether. Succinic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4H6O4 Solid. I809 Slowly in water and alcohol. Pyrotartaric, . . . . . . . . . . . C5H8O4 Solid. II29 Readiº in water, alcohol, ether. Adipic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . CoH10O4 Solid. 1489 Slowly in water. Pimelic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C7H12O4 Solid. Io2-104° Suberic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C8H14O4 Solid. 140° sºter. Readily in alsº Lepargylic (Azelaic), . . . . . . CoH16O4 Solid. IoéO Slowly in water. Sebacic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . CloFilso: Solid. 1279 Brassylic, . . . . . . . . . . . . C11H2004 Solid. IO89 Almost insoluble in water. Roccellic, . . . . . . . . . . . . C17H33O4 Solid. 1329 Cetyl Malonic, . . . . . . . tº º e C19H86O4 Solid. I.219 2. SECOND SERIES. UNSATURATED DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. CnH2n-4 Oa. Fumaric, . . . . . . . . . . . . C4H4O4 Solid. Almost insoluble in water. Maleic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4H4O4 Solid. 130° Readily soluble in water. Ethidene Malonic, . . . . . . . . C6H6O4 Solid. 220° Citraconic, . . . . . . . . . . . . C6H6O4 Solid. 80° Itaconic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C5H6O4 Solid. I619 Slowly soluble in water. Mesaconic, . . . . . . . . . . . . C6H6O4 Solid. 202° Slowly soluble in water. Allyl Malonic, . . . . . . . . . . C6H3O4 Solid. Io3° Propylidene Malonic, . . . . . . CoHsO4 Solid. Hydromuconic, . . . . . . . . . C6HsO4 Solid. 195° Slowly soluble in water. Pyrocinchonic, . . . . . . . . . . C6HsO4 only sists in the Allyl Succinic, . . . . . . . . . . C7H10O4 Solid. 94° Carbocaprolactonic, . . . . . . . C7H10O4 Solid. 69° —ms. Teraconic, . . . . . . . . . . . . C7H10O4 Solid. I629 *— Xeronic, . . . . . . . . . & & © tº C8H12O4 • & e • * * ACIDS 36 ACIDS TABLE OF DIBASIC ACIDS OF THE FATTy COMPOUNDS.–Continued. 3. THIRD SERIES, CnH2n-6 Oa. - Melting PHYSICAL - NAME. FORMUL.A. - - POINT, SOLUBILITY. CoNDITION. (Centigrade.) Acetylene Dicarboxylic, . . . . . C4H2O4 Solid. 1759 Glutinic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4H2O4 Solid. 145–146° Muconic, . . . . . . . . . . . . Solid. 260° Diallyl Malonic, . . . . . . . . . Solid. 133° - Diacetylene Dicarboxylic, . . . . C6H2O4 Solid. Rºy soluble in water, alcohol, Tetra-acetylene Dicarboxylic, . . C10H2O4 Solid. 4. KETONE DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. ; Mesoxalic, . . . . . . . . . . . . C3H2O5 Solid. 115° Oxalo-acetic, . . . . . . . . . . C4H4O6 Aceto-malonic, . . . . . . . . . . C5H6O5 Acetone Dicarboxylic, . . . . . . C6H6O5 Solid. 130° Readily soluble in water and ether. Aceto-succinic, . . . . . . CoHSO5 Solid. 244-245° - - Aceto-glutaric, . . . . . . . . . C7H10O3 5. DIKETONE-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. Oxal-diacetic, . . . . . . . . . . C6H6O6 Solid. 770 Oxal-levulinic, . . . . . . . . . . CHsOs Liquid. Diaceto-succinic, . . . . . . . . C3H10O6 Solid. 780 6. URIC ACID GROUP (CARBAMIDES OF THE DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS). Parabanic Acid (Oxalyl Urea), . . Całł2N2O3 Solid. Soluble in water and ether. Oxaluric Acid, . . . . . . . . . . Całł4N2O4 Solid. Slowly soluble in water. Barbituric Acid (Malonyl Urea), . C4H4N2O3 Solid. Dialuric Acid (Tartronyl Urea), . C4H4N2O4 Solid. tº e º Alloxan (Mesozalyl Urea), . . . . C4H2N2O4 Solid. Readily soluble in water. p & - e Insoluble in alcohol and ether. Uric Acid, * * * * * * * * * * * * C5H4N4Og . Solid. Slowly soluble in Water. Guanin, . . . . . . . . . . . . . C5H5N5O Solid. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether. Theobromin, . . . . . . . . . . C7H3N4O2 Solid. 290° sºluble in hot water and Caffein (Thein), . . . . . . . . . C3H10N4O2 Solid. 225° sºluble in cold water and TABLE OF FATTY ACIDS. FIRST SERIES. CnH2n O2. - FIRST SERIES.—Continued. : # # | #| ###| # : ; # | # ###| # p: :* §§§ | 3:2; #: º tº 9 3.2; ; ; 2. ſº #3 :*5 #5 #3 2. É #3 #5 |#5 #5 Formic, CH2O2 |Liquid. 99° 1.223 || Valerianic, . . . C5H10O2 | Liquid. –20° I869 o.9568 Acetic, . . . . C2H4O2 Liquid. I 189 1.0514 || Caproic, . . . . CoH12O2 | Liquid. – 2° 205° o.928 Propionic, . . CaFI6O2 |Liquid. 140° o,992 || Enanthylic, C; H1402 |Liquid. –10.5° 223° Butyric, . . C4H8O2 . Liquid, 1639 o,9587 || Caprylic, . . . . CaFI16O2 Liquid. 16.5° 236.5° FIRST SERIES.–Continued. ACIDULATED TABLE OF FATTY ACIDS.–Continued. ACIPENSER SECOND SERIES.–Continued. • - ~ || -- e p 3 || 3 | . . 2. # | # |##|##| || || 3 # | # | ###|###| #3 ſº ā-3 3-3 |*-g| #3 ſº £3 |="g|*-g| #3 Pelargonic, CoH18O2 | Liquid. 12° 253.5° º Pyroterebic, . C6H10O2 Liquid. Capric, - C10H26O2 Solid. 31.4° 268° Teracrylic, . . . C7H12O2 | Liquid. 208° º Undecylic, . . . Cli H22O2 | Solid. 28.5° 212° Nonylenic, . . . CºH16O2 |Liquid. Lauric, T.I.T.C.H.O.T solid. Tºgº'ſ agº Decylenic, . . . C10H18O2 | Solid. +109 Tridecylic, C18H26O2 | Solid. 40.5° 235° Campholic, C10H18O2 | Solid. 95° & Myristic, . . . . CuH2O2 | Solid. 54° Undecylenic, . C11H26O2 24.5° 275° Pentadecatoic, C.H.O. Solid. 519 257° Cyminic, . . . . C15H23C2 -- Palmitic, T.I.T.C.H.O.T.solid. Tº Hypogaeic, . . . C16HamO2 | Solid. | 33° © & Margaric, . . . Cºhºo, Solid. 60° Oleic, . . . . . Cisha.O. Liquid. +14° • - Stearic, . C18H36O2 | Solid. 62.2° Elaidic, . . . C18H24O2 Solid. 44–45° Nondecylic, . C19H33O2 | Solid. 65.5° Doeglic, . . . . C19H26O2 e Arachidic, . . C20H40O2 | Solid. 750 Erucic, C22H42O2 | Solid. | 33-34° Medullic, C21H42O2 | Solid. 720 Brassidic, C22H42O2 | Solid. 560 * @ Behenic, . . . . CzzFI44O2 Solid. 73° Lignoceric, C24H48O2 | Solid. 80.5° THIRD SERIES. PROPIOLIC ACIDS. CnH2n-4 Oz. Hyenic, C25H5002 | Solid. 770 Propiolic, C3H2O2 Liquid. + 6° I44° Cerotic, C27H54O2 Solid. 79° Tetrolic, . . . . C4H4O2 | Solid. 760 203° • Melissic, . . . . CaoHé0O2 solid. 889 Sorbic, . . . . . C5H8O2 Liquid. 134.5° 228° Theobromic, . Co4H128O2 | Solid. 729 Diallylacetic, C8H12O2 | Liquid. 22 IQ Undecolic, . . . C11H18O2 59.5° SECOND SERIES. OLEIC ACIDS. CnH2n-2 O2. Palmitolic, . . . C16H2sO2 Solid. 42° e - - - e. Acrylic, C3H4O2 Liquid. + 7° I39.5° Stearoleic, . . C18H33O2 | Solid. 48° Crotonic, . C4H8O2 Solid. 720 I829 Linoleic, . . . . Cls H32O2 | Liquid. O.92I Angelic, . . . . C5H8O2 | Solid. 45° 1859 Behenolic, . . C22H40O2 Solid. 57.5° Acidulated (as-id/-u-la-fed) [acidulare, to make sour]. Somewhat sour or acid; sourish. Acidulous (as-id/-u-lus) [acidulare, to make sour]. Sourish; subacid; moderately sour. Acidum (as/-īd-um) [L.]. See Acid. Acidurgia (as-id-urſ-je-ah). See Aciurgia. Acies (a/-she-ez) [L., sharpness, edge, steel]. I. Sharpness; keenness. , 2. A sharp or cutting instru- ment. 3. Iron or steel as a medicine. - Acinaceous (as-in-a/-she-us) [acinus, a berry or grape- stone]. Possessing or made of kernels, small seeds, or drupelets, as a grape or raspberry. Acinacifolious (as-in-as-if-o'-le-us) [acinaces, a simi- tar; folium, a leaf). In biology, having simitar-shaped leaves. Acinaciform (as-in-asſ-e-form) [acinaces, a simitar; formis, shapel. In biology, a leaf, pod, or other object, having one straight, thick edge, and one thin and convex; simitar-shaped. Acinarious (as-in-a/-re-us) [acinus, the grape]. In biology, having the surface covered with grape-like vesicles, as in certain algae. Acinesia (as-in-e'-ze-ah) [ä priv.; kivm.gic, motion]. Motor paralysis. A loss of motion in any or all parts of the body; abstinence from motion. Also, the in- terval between consecutive throbs of the heart. See also Diastole. Acinesis (as-in-e'-sis). Same as Acinesia. Acinetan (as-in-e'-tam) [äkivmroç, motionless]. An in- fusorian having suctorial, tubular processes instead of cilia; one of the Acineta. Acinetatrophia (as-in-et-at-ro/-ſe-ah) [acinesis ; atro- phia]. Atrophy due to lack of exercise. Acinetic (as-in-et/-ić) [äkivmtoc, motionless]. to, or affected with, acinesia. Acinetiform (as-in-et/-e-form). tan-like infusorian. Acini (as/-in-i) [L.]. Plural of Acinus, g. v. Aciniform (as-in/-e-form) [acinus, a grape]. Grape- like. - Acinus (asſ-in-us) [acinus, a grape; pl., Acini j. Any one of the smallest lobules of a conglomerate gland; a saccule of a compound racemose gland; a lobule of the liver, etc. * Acipenser (as-e-pen'-ser) [äkkithotoc, the sturgeon]. A genus of fishes. A. huso. See Ichthyocolla. Relating In biology, an acine- ACIPENSERID Acipenserid (as-e-pen/-ser-id) [äkkitàotoc, the stur- geon]. A member of the family Acipenseridae. A Sturgeon. Acipenseroid (as-e-pen/-ser-oid) [äkkitàotoc, the stur- geon]. In biology, resembling the sturgeon. Aciurgia (as-e-er/je-ah), or Aciurgy (as/-e-er-ſe) [äkic, point; Špyetv, to work]. . . Operative surgery. Ack/ermann’s An'gles. See Angle. Aclastic (ak-las/-tić) [á priv.; K%áelv, to break]. refracting. Acleitocardia (ah-Ali-to-kar/-de-ah) [á priv.; KWeiety, to close; Kapóta, the heart]. Imperfect closure of the foramen ovale, a fetal opening between the auricles of the heart, which prevents perfect aeration of the blood. It is thought to be connected with the disease variously known as cyanopathy, “Blue Disease,” “Blue Jaun- dice,” etc. Acmastic (ak-mas/-tić) [ākuaottkóc, in full bloom]. Having no acme, or culminating point (said of fevers); COntinuous. Acme (ak/-me) [a.kpiń, a point]. The critical stage of a disease; the crisis. The highest point or degree of anything. Acmon (a4'-mon) [äkuov, an anvil]. The incus. Acne (a/-ne) [äxvii, a point]. Acne vulgaris, Varus; a very common, usually chronic, inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands, occurring mostly about the face, chest, and back. The lesions may be papular, pustular, or tubercular. It occurs usually between the ages of puberty and twenty-four years, is usually worse in winter, and is associated with menstrual and gastro- intestinal troubles. The individual lesions consist of minute pink, acuminate papules or pimples, in the center of which is a black-topped comedo (A. punctata, A. papulosa). A. adenoid. See Lupus, Dissemin- ated Follicular. A. adolescentium. Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. albida. Synonym of Milium. A. artificialis, that form that disappears when the cause is removed. A. atrophica. Synonym of A. vario/iformis. A. cachecticorum, a form occurring only in starved or debilitated persons after long, wast- ing diseases, as phthisis. It consists of flat, livid, acneiform papules and pustules without comedones, resulting in deep pigmented scars. They are situated chiefly on the trunk and lower extremities. A. ciliaris, acne at the edges of the eyelids. A. dis- seminata. Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. erythe- matosa. Synonym of A. rosacea. A. frontalis. Synonym of A. varioſiformis. A. generalis, acne that has become general over the surface of the body. A. hypertrophica, stage of A. rosacea in which there is a permanent, intensely red, non-inflammatory, nodulated thickening of the tips and sides of the nose, expanding it, both laterally and longitudinally. A. indurata, a variety of A. vulgaris, characterized by chronic, livid indurations, the result of extensive peri- follicular infiltration. Especially seen in strumous Not subjects. A. keloid. See Dermatitis papillomatosa *::::: A. keratosa, a rare form of acne in which a horny plug takes the place of the comedone, and by its presence excites inflammation. A. mentagra. See Sycosis. A. necrotica. Synonym of A. vario- liformis. A. papulosa. See Acme... A. picealis, 7a, Acme, a form of dermatitis that involves chiefly the extensor surfaces of the limbs, common in fiber- dressers who work with paraffin and in persons otherwise brought in contact with tar or its vapor. A. punctata, a variety of A. vulgaris. . See Acnee. A. pustulosa, a variety of A. vulgaris, characterized by dermic abscesses. A. rodens. Synonym of 4. vario/formis. A. rosacea. Aºosacea, Zelangiectasis /aciei, Maevus arameus, Brandy Mose; Whisky Avose; ACONITUM Spider AVevus, Spider Cancer. A chronic, hyperemic, or inflammatory affection of the skin, situated usually upon the face, especially the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin. It starts as a redness, which later becomes permanent and is then associated with the develop- ment of papules, pustules, and varicose vessels. In the latest stages there is an excessive formation of new tissue. Its causes are some reflex irritation of the stomach, bowels, or sexual apparatus. Common in drunkards. A. scrofulosa, a variety of A. cachecti- corum, that occurs in strumous children. A. sebacea. Synonym of Seborrhea. A. simplex, a variety of A. vulgaris. A. sycosiformis. Same as Sycosis non-parasitica. A. tarsi, an inflammatory affec- tion of the large sebaceous glands of the eyelashes (Meibomian glands). A. varioliformis, a rather rare disease, situated chiefly about the forehead, at the junction with the hairy scalp, and extending into the hair. It is especially abundant on the temples, and may spread over the face and body. It is a disease of adult life, but may occur before the age of twenty years. The pustules appear in groups, and each has a hard, central, necrotic scab, which presses into the skin, and when separated leaves a deep pit, at first dark red, but eventually becoming white. It is a very chronic disease, appearing in successive crops. Its etiology is unknown. A. vulgaris. See Acne. Acnemia (a4-me/-me-ah) [á priv.; Kvåum, leg|. ficiency in the calf of the leg. Acnitis (ak-ni/-tis) [äxvá, a point; trug, inflammation]. See Hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa. - Acce-. See Ace-. Accelius (ah-se/-le-us). See Acelius. Acolasia (a4-o-la/-ze-ah) [áko%agia, intemperance]. Un- restrained self-indulgence; lust; intemperance. Acolastic (ak-o-las/-tić) [áko%agia, intemperance]. Due to, or characterized by, acolasia. Acology (ak-o/-o-je) [äkoç, remedy; 26).og, a discoursel. Aceology. Acolous (ah-ko'-lus) [ä priv.; Kóżov, limb]. Having no limbs. - Acomia (ah-ko'-me-ah) [ä priv.; Kóplm, hair]. Baldness. A deficiency of hair arising from any cause. Acomous (ah-ko’-mus) [á priv.; Kóplm, hair]. Hairless, bald. Acondylose (ah-kom/-diſ-às). See Acondylous. Acondylous (ah-kon/-diſ-us) [á priv.; condyle]. Hav- ing no condyles; having no joints. Aconine (a/#/-o-min) [äkovitov], CºsłiagnC11. composition product of aconitin. Aconite (a4/-o-nit). See Aconitum. Aconitia (ak-o-nish/-e-ah). Aconitin, or aconitina; a very poisonous alkaloid, the active principle of aconite. Aconitic Acid (a4-o-mit/-ić). See Acid. Aconiti folia (a4-o-mi-fi fo/-le-ah) [L.]. Aconite leaves. See Aconitum. A. radix (a.k-o-ni-tº ra/-dix), aconite root. See Aconitum. Aconitina (a.k-on-it-i/-mah). Aconitum. Aconitum (ak-o-ni/-tum) [L.]. The root of Acomitum napel/us. Possesses a bitter, pungent taste. Produces numbness and persistent tingling in the tongue and lips. It is very poisonous. Exerts great depression of the heart, respiration, circulation, and nerves. It is antipyretic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The active prin- ciple is Acomitin. Highly beneficial in fevers, acute throat affections, and inflammation of the respiratory organs. Dose gr. ss—ij. A. Abstractum, has double the strength of the Pºlº. drug, or its fluid extract. Dose gr. 4.—j. Unof. A. Extractum. Dose gr. 96–9%. A. Ext. Fld., has a strength of one drop to the grain of powdered drug. Dose mu%—ij. A. Liniment De- A de- Same as Aconitia. See ACONURESIS (B. P.), aconite-root, camphor, and rectified spirit. A. Tinct., contains aconite 35, alcohol and water each q. s. Dose mu%—iv. The following are un- official: Aconitina (Cas His NO12) (aconitin), an amorphous solid. Dose gr. 3 #5–5%. A. ferox, a plant of the Himalayas, used internally, for pneumonia and pleurisy; externally for neuralgia. Dose of the tincture (I in Io) muj-v. A. Injectio Hypodermica, one grain in 3% ounce. Dose muj-iv. A. Napellina, Dose gr. 3–3. St. Jacob’s Oil, a weak aconite lini- ment. A. Oleatum, a two per cent. Solution of aco- nitin in oleic acid. A. Ung. (B. P.), eight grains to the ounce. Aconuresis (ah-Åon-te-re/-sis) [ä priv.; conari, to strive; oipmatc, urination]. Involuntary discharge of Ulrine. Acopa (ak/-o-pah). Plural of Acopon, g. v. Acopia (ah-ko'-pe-ah) [ákotta]. Freedom from weari- In 62.SS. - Acopic (ah-kop/-i}) [see Acopia]. Refreshing; restora- tive ; restful. Acopon (a.k/-o-pon) [ä priv.; Kóſtoc, fatiguel. storative, or cordial medicine or application. Acoprosis (ah-kop-ro’-sis) [ä priv.; Kóttpog, excrement]. Deficient formation of feces. Acor (a/-äor)[L.]. Acrimony: acidity, as of the stomach. Acorea (ah-ko-re/-ah) [ä priv.; Kópm, pupil]. Absence of the pupil. A re- Acoretin (ak-o-re/-tän) [acorus; birtívm, resin]. A resinous principle obtained from Acorus calamus. Acoria (ah-ko'-re-ah) [á priv.; kópoc, satisfaction]. A greedy or insatiable appetite. Acorin (ak/-o-rin) [ä priv.; kópm, the pupil]. A bitter glucoside obtained from Acorus calamus, or sweet flag. Acormous (ah-kor/-mus) [á priv.; Koppióg, the trunk of a tree]. Trunkless; of the nature of an acormus. Acormus (ak-kor/-mus) [á priv.; Kopplóg, the trunk]. A monster without a trunk or body. Acorn (a/-äorm) [L. J. The fruit or nut of the oak. See Camata and Camatina. Acorn-cups (a/-korn-kups). The capsules in which acorns are seated. See Valonia. Acorus (a4/-o-rus) [ä priv.; kópm, the pupil]. See Calamus. Acosmia (ah-koz/-me-ah) [& priv.; zócuoc, order]. I. Poor health. 2. An irregularity in the course of a disease. - Acotyledon (ah-koº-il-e'-don) [ä priv.; Korvämöóv, a hollow vessel]. In botany, a plant producing an em- bryo without seed-leaves or cotyledons. Acotyledonous (ah-Aot-il-e'-do-mus) [ä priv.; KorūAmóów a hollow vessell. Destitute of embryo or embryonic leaves, or cotyledons. Acouchi (ah-koo'-che). See Acuchi. Acoumeter, or , Acouometer (ah-koo'-met-er, a-Āoo- om/-et-er) [.ækoiety, to hear; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the acuteness of hearing. Acoumetry (a/k-koo'-met-re) [äkočeiv, to hear; uérpov, a measure]. The measurement or testing of the acute- ness of the hearing. Acouophonia (ak-koo-o-fo/-ne-ah) [äkoſelv, to hear; pová, sound]. Auscultatory percussion. Acouoxylon (ah-koo-oºs/-il-on) [ákoúeuv, to hear; §§20v, wood]. A wooden (pine) stethoscope. - Acousineter (a/k-koo-sim/-et-er) [äkovac, a hearing; plérpov, a measure.] See Acoumeter. Acousma (ah-koos/- or kowz/-mah) [äkovoua, thing heard; pl., Acousmata]. An auditory hallucination; a condition in which imaginary sounds are noticed by the patient, and are believed by him to be real. Acoustic (ah-koos' -tié or -éowz/-tiá) [ákovottkóc]. Relat- ing to the ear or sense of hearing. " A. Duct, the ex- 39 ACRINIA ternal meatus of the ear. A. Nerve, the portio mollis of the seventh pair. See AVerves. A. Tetanus, the rapidity of the induction shocks in a frog’s nerve- muscle preparation, as measured by the pitch of a vibrating rod. A. Tubercle, a rounded elevation on either side of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Acoustics (ah-koos/-tiás or a-kows/-tiás) [äkovottkóc]. The science of sound. Acquetta (ak-weſ/-tah) [Ital. J. tofana. Acquired Movements (ak-wi'-erd mooz/-mentz). Those brought under the influence of the will only after conscious and attentive effort and practice, in distinction from reacquired movements, those reinstated in their former proficiency after injury to the motor regions of the brain. Acraepalous (ah-Arep/-al-us). See Acrefalous. Acramphibryous (aft-ram-fib/-ri-us) [äkpoc, at the end; áupt, on both sides; 3püov, blossom J. In biology, pertaining to plants that produce lateral as well as ter- minal buds. Acrania (ah-Ara/-ne-ah) [ä priv.; Kpavíov, skull]. The condition of a monster with partial or complete absence of the cranium. Acranial (ah-Ara/-ne-a!) [á priv.; Kpaviov, skull]. Having no cranium. Acrasia (a/-ära/-2e-ah) [ä priv.; Kpdog, moderation]. I. Intemperance; lack of self-control. 2. Acratia. Acraspedote (ah-Arasſ-pe-dot) [a priv.; Kpáatrečov, a hem or border]. In biology, pertaining to Gegen- baur's group of medusae, Acraspeda ; having a disk without velum or marginal fold. Acratia (ah-Ara/-she-ah) [äkpáreta: force]. Impotence, loss of power. Acraturesis (ah-Érat-u-re/-sis) [äkpáteta, lack of strength; oilpmatc, micturition]. Inability to micturate, from atony of the bladder. Acrecholic (ak-rek-bo/-ié)[äkpoc, at the apex; ekſłóżlov, to throw out]. In biology, capable of protrusion by an outward movement of the tip; the introverted and eversible proboscis of certain worms and molluscs. Acrembolic (ak-rem-bo/-i}) [äkpoc, at the apex; epi}áWWetv, to throw in, insert]. In biology, introver- sion by an inward movement of the tip, as the everted proboscis of certain worms and molluscs. Acrepalous, or Acraepalous (a/-ärep/-a/-us) [á priv.; Kpaltrážm, debauch]. Correcting the nausea that follows excess in drinking, or in eating. Acrid (ak/-rid) [acer, acris, sharp]. Pungent, irritat- ing ; producing an irritation, as of the tongue, fauces, or stomach. Acridian (āk-rid/-i-an) [dim. of ākpiç, a locust]. taining to the acridia or grasshoppers. Acridin (ak’-rid-in) [acer, acrid], Cia H.N. A sub- stance produced by heating anilin and salicylic alde- hyd to 260° with ZnCl2. Very soluble in alcohol and ether. It occurs in crude anthracene and dissolves in dilute acids with a beautiful green fluorescence. It readily sublimes in colorless leaflets; melts at I Io9'; and has a very pungent odor. Acridins (ak/-rid-inz) [acer, acrid]. Substances ob- tained when diphenylamin is heated to 300° with fatty acids. They are feeble bases; their salts are de- composed by boiling water. Acridophagus (ak-rid-of/-a-gus) [äkpiç, a locust; ©ayeiv, eat]. The eater of locusts. Acrimony (ak/-rim-o-ne) [acrimonia]. Irritating quality, pungency, corrosiveness: an acrid quality or State. Acrinia (ah-Érin/-e-ah) [ä priv; Kpivetv, to separate]. Diminution or suppression of a secretion or excre- tion. Same as Aqua à priv.; Kpéroc, Per- ACRINYL Acrinyl (ak-rin/-il) [acer, acrid], C.H.O. One of the univalent radicles. A. Sulphocyanate, C.H.O.SCN, an acrid and vesicating substance found in white mus- tard, corresponding to the essential oil of the black mustard. Acrisia (ah-Aris/-e-ah) [ä priv.; crisis]. The absence of a crisis from a disease; an unfavorable crisis or turn in the course of an attack of disease. Acritical (ah-krit/-ik-al) [ä priv.; Kpiotç, a crisis]. Having no crisis; not relating to a crisis. Acritochromacy (ah-krit-o-Aro’-mas-e) [äkpuroc, undis- tinguished; Apóſia, color]. Color-blindness, achro- matopsia. Acroaesthesia (ak-ro-es-the’-ze-ah). See Acroesthesia. Acroanesthesia (ak-ro-am-es-the/-ze-ah) [äkpov, ex- tremity; āvatothota, want of feeling]. Anesthesia of the extremities. Acroarthritis (ak-ro-arth-ri/-tis) [äkpov, extremity; ăp{pov, a joint; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the joints of a limb. Acroasphyxia (ak-ro-as-ſiks/-e-ah) [äkpov, extremity; & priv.; opúšic, pulse]. Asphyxia of the extremities, the so-called phenomena of Raynaud. Acrobryous (a4-rob/-re-us) [äkpog, apex; 3püov, a flower]. In biology, growing only at the apex. Acrobystia (ak-ro-bis/-te-ah) [äkpoévotia, the foreskin]. The prepuce. Acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis/-te-o-lith) [äkpoğvoría, the prepuce; Aibog, a stone]. A preputial calculus. Acrobystitis (ak-ro-bis-fi/-täs) [äkpoſłvotia, the foreskin; trug, inflammation]. Posthitis. Acrocarpous (ak-ro-AEar/-pus) [äkpoç, at the apex; Kaptróg, fruit]. In biology, fruiting at the tips, as IQOSS6S. Acrocephalia (ak-ro-seſ-a/-le-ah) [äkpov, a point; kedańff, the head]. A deformity of the head in which the vertical diameter is increased and the top is more or less pointed. Acrocephalic (ak-ro-sef-a/-i}) [äkpov, a point; kepaſh, the head]. Characterized by acrocephalia; having the top of the head unusually high. Acrocephaline (ak-ro-sef’-a-ſin) [äkpov, point; Keſhaftſ, head]. In biology, resembling birds of the genus Acrocephalus, the large-billed reed warblers. Acrocephalous (ak-ro-sef’-a/-us)[äkpov, a point; Keſha'Wh, the head]. Characterized by or affected with acroce- phalia. Acrocephaly (ak-ro-sef’-a/-e) [äkpov, a point; Keſhaft, the head]. Same as Acrocephalia. Acrocheir (a.k/-ro-Air) [äkpov, point; weip, hand]. The ends of the fingers considered together; the fore- arm and hand. Acrochordon (a.k-ro-kor/-don) [.ækpoxopóðv, literally the end of a catgut cord]. A pedunculated or pen- sile wart. Synonym of Molluscum fibrosum. Acrocinesis (ak-ro-sin-e'-sis) [äkpoc, extreme ; kivmotç, movement]. Excessive motility; abnormal freedom of movement, as seen in certain cases of hysteria. Acrocinetic (ak-ro-sin-et/-ié) [äkpoc, extreme; civnotc, movement]. Characterized by acrocinesis. Acrocyst (ak/-ro-sist) [äkpoc, apex; Küotic, pouch]. In biology, a sort of broad sac at the top of the gonan- gium in certain hydroids. Acrodermatitis (ak-ro-der-mat-i/-tis) [äkpov, extremity; 6épua, skin; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the skin of an extremity. Acrodont (ak/-ro-dont) [äkpoc, apex or edge; bootc, tooth]. In biology, one of or pertaining to those lizards with teeth attached to the edge of the jaw, without alveoli. Acrodynia (ak-ro-dim/-e-ah) [äkpoc, an extremity; 600pm, pain]. Epidemic erythema ; a disease closely allied 40 ACROMIO-DELTOIDEUS to pellagra. It is characterized by gastro-intestinal symptoms, redness of the conjunctivae, edema of the face, formication, pricking pains in the palm and soles, hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia of these parts, and an erythematous eruption preceded by bullae, chiefly on the hands and feet, but spreading over the limbs and trunk. This is followed by exfoliation and dark brown or black pigmentation, greatest in the warm regions of the body, Wasting of the limbs, with edema, cramps, pareses, and spasms may be pres- ent, and death may follow in the old or feeble. The disease is probably due to some noxious constituent of , or defect in the diet. - Acroesthesia, or Acroaesthesia (ak-ro-es-the-ze-ah) [äkpoc, extreme; aioffmotº, sensation]. Exaggerated sensitiveness, or sensibility. Sense of pain in the ex- tremitleS. Acrogen (ak’-ro-jen) [äkpog, apex; yewfic, produced). In biology, a member of a division of the Cryptogams which grow by terminal buds, as ferns and mosses. Acrogenic (ak-ro-jen/-ić) [äkpog, apex; yewfic, pro- duced]. In biology, partaking of the character of an acrogen. Acrogenous (ak-roj/-em-us) [äkpoc, at the apex; Yevåg, produced]. In biology, growth by increase at the summit, as ferns, mosses, and certain zoöphytes. Acrogynous (ak-ro/-in-us) [äkpoc, at the tip; Yvvh, female]. In biology, having the archegonia formed from or near the apical cell, as certain of the Hepat- 2C(2. Acrolein (ak-ro'-le-in) [acer, sharp; oleum, oil], CsPI, O. Acrylic Aldehyd. A highly volatile liquid derived from the decomposition or the destructive distillation of glycerin. See Acrylaldehyd. - Acrolenion (ak-ro-len’-e-on) [äkpov, point; &Wévn, elbow]. Same as Olecranon. Acromania (ak-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [äkpoc, extreme; uavia, madness]. Incurable or extreme insanity. Acromastitis (ak-ro-mas-ti'-tis) [acromasſium ; itis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the nipple. Acromastium (ak-ro-mas/-te-um) [äkpov, a point; placTóg, breast]. The nipple. - Acromegalia (ak-ro-meg-a/-le-ah), or Akromegaly (ak-ro-meg/-a/-e) [äkpoc; pleyá%m, large]. A disease characterized by abnormally great development of the extremities, and of the features of the face, in- cluding the bony as well as the soft parts. The disease is of long duration, twenty years or more, the patient finally dying of exhaustion. The etiology is unknown, although Virchow believes heredity to have an important share in its causation. Acromial (a.k-ro/-me-al) [äkpoc, extremity; &Moç, the shoulder]. Relating to the acromion. Acromicría (a4-ro-mik/-re-ah). [äkpoc, , extremity; pukpóg, small]. Abnormal smallness of the extremi- ties. A condition in which there is a leduction in the size of the nose, ears, and face, as well as hands and feet. Acromio-clavicular (ak-ro'-me-o-Ala-vik/-u-lar) [äkpoc, extremity; ºuog, the shoulder; clavus, a key]. Re- lating to the acromion and the clavicle. Acromio-coracoid (ak-ro'-me-o-ko'-rak-oid). See Acromeio-coracoideus. Acromio-coracoideus (ak-ro'-me-o-ko-rak-oid-e'-us) [äkpoc, extremity; duog, the shoulder; Kópaš, a crow]: A triangular ligament lying between the acromion and the coracoid process. Acromio-deltoideus (ak-ro'-me-o-del-toid-e'-us) ſākpog, extremity; ºuoo, the shoulder; dextoetóñº, deltoid.]. In comparative anatomy, a muscle having as its origin the acromion, and the deltoid ridge of the humerus as its insertion. ACROMIO-HUMERAL Acromio-humeral (ak-ro/-me-o-hu/-mer-al)[äkpoc, ex- tremity; 6/10g, the shoulder; humerus]. Relating to the acromion and the humerus. A. Muscle, the del- toid. Acromion (ak-ro/-me-on). [&#pov, a summit; 6/10g, the shoulder]. The triangular-shaped process at the sum- mit of the scapula, that forms the attachment of the deltoid muscle. Acromio-thoracic (a4-ro/-me-o-tho-ra/-sié) [äkpólitov, shoulder; 6%paš, thorax]. In anatomy, relating to the shoulder and thorax, as the acromio-thoracic artery. Acromio-trapezius (a4-ro/-me-o-'ra-pe/-ze-us) [äkpó- putov, shoulder; trapezium]. In anatomy, a part of the trapezius muscle. Acromphalon (ak-rom/-fa/-on) [äkpov, a point; buffa- Żóg, the navel]. See Acromp/talus. Acromphalus (ak-rom/-fa/-us) [äkpov, extremity; bupa- Żóc, the navel]. I. The center of the umbilicus to which the cord is attached. 2. The first stage of um- bilical hernia, marked by a pouting of the navel. Acromyodian (ak-ro-me-oſ-de-an) [äkpov, extremity; pig, muscle; ©óñ, song]. In biology, having the syringeal muscles attached to the ends of the upper bronchial rings, as in certain singing birds, the Acro- myod. Acromyodic (a-Aro-me-od/-ić). Same as Acromyodian. Acromyodous (ak-ro-mi/-o-dus). Same as Acromyodian. Acronarcotic (ak-ro-mar-kot'-ié) [acer, sharp; vapºoin, to benumb]. Both acrid and narcotic. Acroneurosis (a4-ro-nu-ro/-sis) [äkpov, an extremity; veipov, a nerve]. Any neurosis manifesting itself in the extremities. Acronyx (ak/-ro-mix) [äkpov, an extremity; āvvš, a nail]. The ingrowing of the nail. Acroparalysis (ak-ro-par-a/-is-is) [äkpov, an extreme; trapá, by ; Wüelv, to loose]. Paralysis of the extremities. Acroparesthesia, or Acroparaesthesia (a4-ro-par-es- theſ-ze-ah) [äkpov, extremity; trapá, around; aioffmouc, sensation]. I. Abnormal, or perverted sensation in the extremities. 2. Extreme or confirmed paresthesia. Acropathology (ak-ro-path-o/-o-je) [.ækpov, an ex- tremity; Tá60¢, disease; Aóyog, treatise]. The pathol- ogy of the extremities. Acropathy (a4-rop/-a-the) [äkpov, an extremity; Tráffog, suffering]. Any disease of the extremities. Acropetal (a4-ºop/-et-al)[äkpov, the top; petere, to seek]. In biology, developing from the base or center, up- ward and outward, as many leaves, lateral shoots, or flower clusters. - Acrophobia (a4-roºfoff-be-ah) [äkpov, a height; pó60c, fear]. ... Morbid dread of being at a great height. Acropodium (ak-ro-poſ-de-um)[äkpoc, at the top; Troötov, dim, of Toíg (Tod), foot]. In zoölogy, the entire upper surface of the foot. Acroposthia (a4-ro-posſ-the-ah) [äkpog, extreme; tróath), foreskin]. The distal part of the prepuce. Acroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi’ -ºis) [äkpoc, extreme; Tôoffm, foreskin]. Posthitis. Acrorrheuma (ak-ro-ru/ -mah) [äkpov, an extremity; beiga, a flux]. Rheumatism of the extremities. Acrosarcum (ak-ro-sar/-kum) [äkpoc, at the end; oãp; (capk), flesh]. In biology, a berry fruit produced by an ovary with an adnate calyx, e. g., a Currant Or Cran- berry. Acroscleriasis (a4-zo-sk/e-ri’-as-is) [äkpov, extremity; okämpág, hard], Sclerotic changes in the extremitiés. Acroscopic (ak-ro-séop/-ä) [äkpoc, apex; orcorsiv, view]. In biology, looking toward the top. - Acrosphacelus (a4-ro-sfas’ -el-4s) [äkpov, extremity; opákehog, dead]. Gangrene of an extremity. Acrospire (ak/~ro-spºr) [äkpoc, at the top; greipa, a coil, spire]. In biology, the first sprout of a grain. 41 ACTINOLOGY Acrospore (ak/-ro-spor) [.ækpog, at the end; otopá, seed]. In biology, the spore of one of those fungi that fruit at the summit of simple erect hyphae. See Aeronospora. - Acrospores (a/-ro-sporº) [äkpoc, topmost; oropá, a seed]. See Conidia. Acrosporous (ak-rosſ-po-rus) [äkpoc, topmost; otropá, a seed]. Same as Acrospore. Acrotarsial (a4-ro-tar/-se-a/) [äkpog, extremity; tapo 6¢, tarsus]. In biology, pertaining to the instep. Acrotarsium (ak-ro-tar/-se-um) [äkpoc, top; Tapogg, tarsus]. The instep. Acroteria (ak-ro-te/-re-ah) [äkpatópta]. The extremi- ties. Acrothymion, or Acrothyńum (a4-ro-thi'-me-on) [äkpog, summit; flipog, thyme]. A rugose wart with a broad top. Acrotic (ak-rot/-īk) [äkpoc, extreme, outmost]. Relat- ing to the glands of the skin; affecting the surface. Acrotica (ak-rot/-ić-ah) [äkpoc, extremej. Acrotic diseases. - Acrotism (ah'-Arot-izm) [ä priv.; Kpótoc, striking]. Any defective beating of the pulse; failure of the pulse. - Acrotismus (ah-krot-iz'-mus) [ä priv.; Kpótoc, strik- ing]. See Acrotism. Acrylaldehyd (ak-ril-a/-de-hid)[acer, sharp; aldehyd], Cs H.O. Acrolein, the aldehyd of the allyl series; obtained by distilling glycerin to which strong phos- phoric acid has been added, or by the dry distillation of fatty bodies; a colorless, mobile liquid, boiling at 52°, possessing a sp. gr. of O.84IO at 20°. It has a pungent odor and attacks the mucous membranes in a violent manner. It occasions an odor of burning fat. It is soluble in 2–3 parts of water. Actea, or Actaea (a4-fe/-ah) [äkti), the elder]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants having active medicinal qual- ities. A. alba, the white cohosh, has much the same qualities as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga is more im- portant. See Cimicifuga. A. racemosa. See Cimi- cifuga. A. rubra, red cohosh, and A. spicata, are purgative and emetic. Actinal (a4/-tin-al) [äktig, a ray]. In biology, per- taining to the oral pole, surface, or aspect of a radiate animal. Actine (aš/-tin) [äktig, a ray]. In biology, a spicular ray, In Sponges. Actinenchyma (ak-tin-en/-kim-ah) [äktig, ray; Śyyvua, infusion]. In biology, a tissue of stellate cells. Actinic (ak-tin/-ić) [äktig, a ray]. Referring to those wave-lengths of the spectrum corresponding to the violet and ultra-violet parts of the same that produce chemical changes in the haloid salts of silver, and are therefore valuable in photography. Actiniochrome (ak-tin'-e-o-Arām) [äktig, a ray; aſpöua, color]. A red pigment obtained from certain Actinias. Actinism (a4/-tin-izm) [äktig, a ray]. The chemical quality of light, or of the Sun's rays. Actinohematin (ak-tin-o-hem/-a-tin) [äktiv, ray; alua, blood]. In biology, a respiratory pigment found by MacMunn in Actinia. Actinoid (ak/-fin-oid) [äktig, ray; eiðoç, form]. zoölogy, radiate, as a star fish. Actinologous (ak-tin-o/-o-gus) [äktig, a ray; 26)0ç, a word]. In biology, exhibiting actinology. Actinologue (ak-tin/-o-/og) [äktic, a ray; Wöyog, a word]. In biology, a part possessing actinologous homology. Actinology (ak-tin-o/-0-ſe) [äktig, a ray; A6)0ç, a word], In biology, that kind of homological relation that exists between the successive segments, regions, or divisions of a part or organ, in that they radiate or spring from it. ln ACTINOMERE Actinomere (ak-tin/-o-mer) [äktig, ray; uépoc, a part]. In zoölogy, one of the radiating partitions characteristic of the Aczézzozoa. Actinomeric (ak-tin-o-mer/-ić) [äktig, a ray; uépoc, a part]. In biology, radiately divided. Actinomorphic (ak-tin-o-morf’-ić) [äktig, a ray; popºff, form]. Same as Actinomorphous. Actinomorphous (ak-tin-o-morf/-us) [äktig, ray; popºff, form]. Regularly radiated, as flowers divis- ible into similar portions in two or more vertical planes. Actinomyces (aft-fin-om/-is-ez) [äktig, a ray; pairmg, mushroom]. A genus of parasitic fungoid organisms. One species, A. bovis,ecauses the disease actinomyco- sis. Called also the A'ay Fungus. Actinomycoma (ak-tin-o-mi-ko’-mah) [äktig, a ray; pikmg, a fungus: p!., Actinomycomata]. A tumor such as is characteristic of actinomycosis. Actinomycosis (ak-tin-o-mi-co/-sis) [äktig, a ray; uíkmg, a fungus]. A parasitical, infectious, inoculable disease first observed in cattle, and also occurring in man, and characterized by the manifestations of chronic inflammation, with or without suppuration, often re- sulting in the formation of granulation tumors. The disease is due to the presence of a characteristic micro- parasite, the ray fungus, Actinomyces bovis, which is composed of fine mycelial threads and club-shaped bodies. The most frequent and most curable form is when the abscesses form about the jaws and teeth. The best mode of staining the threads is by Gram’s method. To stain the clubs as found in man is diffi- cult; the best results have been obtained with orange rubin or eosin. The only treatment of the disease is removal of the infected tissue. When the parasite has found a nidus in the lungs or digestive tract, all treatment is so far useless. The disease is often called /umpy-jaw and holdfast. Actinomycotic (ak-tin-o-mi-koſ/-ä) [äktig, ray; uíkmg, fungus]. Pertaining to or affected with actinomy- COSIS. Actinophore (a4-fin/-o-fôr) [äktic, a ray; hépetv, to bear]. In biology, one of the peripheral elements affording support to the true fin rays in typical fishes and Selachians. Actinophorous (ak-tin-off’-o-rus) [äktig, ray; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, bearing ray-like spines. Actinosoma (ak-tin-o-so’-ma/) [äktig, ray; adjua, body]. In biology, the entire body of a simple or composite actinozoan. Actinospora chartarum (aß-fin-o-spo’-rah char-ta/- rum) [äktºv, ray; ačua, body; charta, paper]. A parasitic fungus developing on paper and books. Actinost (a/-tin-ost) [äktig, ray; botéov, a bone]. In ichthyology, one of the bones supporting the pectoral and ventral fins in true fishes. Actinosteophyte (ak-tin-os/-te-o-fit) [äktig, a ray; osteophyte]. An osteophyte of radiated form. Actinostome (ak-tin/-o-stöm) [äktig, ray; otópla, mouth]. In biology, the mouth of an actinozoan. Actinotrichium (ak-tin-o-frik/-e-um) [äktig, ray; 60%, a hair]. In biology, a fiber in the fin-fold of an em- bryo fish, the forerunner of the adult fin-ray. Actinotrocha (ak-tin-of/-ro-ka/) [äktig, ray; Tpoxh, ring]. The larva of certain gephyrean worms, char- acterized by rings of cilia about the mouth and 2Il U1S. Actinozoa (ak-tin-o-zo/ º mal]. A division of celenterates including the sea- anemones, coral-polyps, etc., having rayed tentacles about the mouth, and a digestive sac connected to the body wall by radial dissepiments called mesen- teries. [äktig, ray; ſóov, an ani- 42 ACUPUNCTURE Actinula (ak-tin/-u-lah). [dim, of Čiktíg, ray: pl., Actinulae]. In biology, the oval generative zoöid of a gymnoblastic hydroid, developing without interme- diate metamorphosis into a hydroid of the adult form. Action (a4/-shun) [agere, to do, or perform]. In physi- ology, a term used to denote the function of an organ. A., Reflex, an involuntary movement of an organ or part of the body resulting from an impression carried by a sensory or afferent nerve to a subordinate center, and then sent back by an efferent nerve to some point at or near the source of irritation. Active (ak/-div) [agere, to do, or perform]. In medicine, a term applied to treatment the reverse of passive, that is, where the pathological conditions are acted upon directly rather than partly controlled. Also, in a growing condition; opposed to dormant. A. Insuffi- ciency of Muscles. See /nsufficiency. A. Spots, the cortical centers of the brain, especially those that control definite muscular movements. Activity (ak-tiv/-it-e) [agere, to do or perform]. Capa- city for acting ; sensibility; vitality; potency; energy. Actual (ak/-chu-al) [agere, to do]. Real, effective; not potential. A. Cautery. See Cautery. Actuation (ak-chu-a/-shum) [agere, to do, or perform]. That mental function that is exercised between the im- pulse of volition and its actualization or perform- a Il C62. Acuchi (ah-koo'-che). The resin or balsam obtained from Icica heterophylla, a tree of tropical America. It is almost identical with elemi. Unof. Acufilopressure (ak-u-fi/-lo-pres-ur) [acus, needle; ſiſum, a thread; Zressure]. A combination of acupres- sure and ligation. Acuity (ak-u/-it-e) [acuitas , acuere, to sharpen]. Acuteness or clearness of visual power in the percep- tion of small or distant objects. - Aculeate (ak-u/-le-ät) ſº a sting, prickle]. In botany, armed with prickles, i.e., aczelà, as the rose and brier. In biology, having a sting. Aculeiform (ak-u-leſ-if-orm) [aculeus, prickle ; forma, shapel. Resembling a prickle. Aculeolate (ak-u/-le-o-lāt) [aculeolus, a little prickle]. In biology, beset with small prickles. Aculeus (a4-º'-le-us)[dim.of acus, a needle: £4,4Czzlei J. In biology, a prickle or pointed excrescence of the bark, as in the rose or raspberry; the modified ovipositor or sting of a hymenopterous insect. Acumeter (ak-oo'-met-er) [ákoúelv, to hear; Métpov, a measure]. Instrument for testing hearing. Acuminate (ak-u/-min-áē) [ acuminatus, pointed, acute]. Taper-pointed or sharp-pointed, Acuminose, or Acuminous (ak-u/-min-às, or -ºs) [acumen, point]. In biology, same as Acuminate. Acuminulate (ak-u-min/-u-lat) [dim, of acumen, a point]. Slightly taper-pointed. Acupression (ak-u-presſ/-um) [acus, a needle; premere, to press]. Acupressure. - - Acupressure (ak/-u-presh-àr) [acus, a needle; £remere, to press]. An operation to stop hemorrhage or aneu- rysm by the compression of a needle inserted into the tissues upon either side, either above or below the vessel. There are a variety of methods of performing acupressure. -- Acupuncturation (ak-u-pungk-chu-ra/-shun) [acus, a needle; punctura, a puncture]. . Acupuncture. Acupuncturator (ak-it-pung4/-chu-ra-tor) [acus, a needle; punctura, a puncture]. An instrument used in performing acupuncture. Acupuncture (ak/-u-punk-châr) [acus, a needle; Aten- gere, to prick]. Puncture of the skin or tissue by one or more needles for the relief of pain, the exit of fluid, the coagulation of blood in an aneurysm, etc. ACUS Acus (a/-kus) [L.]. A needle. A. Ad Cataractam, a cataract needle. A. Cannulata, a trocar to be used with a cannula. A. Electrica, a needle for use with electricity. A. Exploratoria, an exploring needle. A. Interpunctoria, a needle for eye-operations. A. In- vaginata, a sheathed needle. A. Sutoria, a needle for stitching wounds. Acute (ak-āt) [acutus, sharp]. Merely sharp-pointed or ending in a point less than a right angle. Some- times used in the sense of forming a sharp angle. Used of disease having a rapid and severe onset, progress, and termination. When applied to pain, Sound, vision, etc., means sharp, keen. - Acutenaculum (ak-u-ten-aš/-u-ſum) [acus, a needle; tenaculum : pl., Acutenacula]. A needle-holder. Acuteness (ak-zit/-mes) [acutus, sharp]. The quality of being acute, rapid, or sharp. Referring to vision, used as a synonym of keenness or acuity. Acutifoliate (ak-u-te-fo'-le-āt) [acutus, sharp; foliatus, leaved]. In biology, bearing sharp-pointed leaves. Acutilobate (ak-u-te-/o/-bāţ) [acutus, sharp; lobatus, lobate]. In biology, possessing acute lobes, as a leaf. Acutorsion (ak-u-tor/-shun) [acus, a needle; torsion]. The twisting of an artery with a needle as a means of controlling hemorrhage. Acyanoblepsia (ah-si-an-o-bleſ/-se-ah) [ä priv.; Kūavoc, blue; 3Weipia, sight]. Same as Acyanopsia. A cyanopsia (ah-si-am-op/-se-ah) [á priv.; Küavoc, blue; ôpig, sight]. Inability to distinguish blue colors. Acyclic (ah-sik/-lić) [ä priv; kviðtkóg, circular]. botany, not whorled. Acyesis (ah-si-e/-sis) [á priv.; Kömotç, pregnancy]. I. Sterility of the female. 2. Non-pregnancy. Acyetic (ah-si-et/-ić) [á priv.; Kimatc, pregnancy]. Relating to acyesis. Acyprinoid (ah-sip/-rin-oid) [ć priv.; cyprinoid J. In biology, a region in the fauna of which the Cypri- midae and Zabyrinthici are wanting. Acystia (ah-sis/-te-ah) [ä priv.; Küotic, bladder]. Ab- sence of the bladder. Acystinervia (ah-sis-tin-er/-we-ah) [ä priv.; Küoric, bladder; nervus, a nerve]. Paralysis or lack of nerve stimulus in the bladder. Ad Lad, tol. A Latin prefix of words and terms, signi- fying to, toward, at, etc. Ad deliquium, to fainting. Ad Abitum, at pleasure, or according to discretion. In 43 Ad, or Add. A contraction of Adde, or Additur, meaning, add, or let there be added; used in prescrip- tion writing. Adacrya (ah-dań/-re-ah) [ä priv.; 6ákpvov, tear]. Ab- sence or deficiency of the secretion of tears. Adactyl (ah-dań/-til) [ć priv.; 6ákrvãoc, digit]. Without fingers or without toes. that has an absence of digits. Adactylia (ah-dać-ti!’-e-ah) [ä priv.; 6ákrvãog, a fin- ger]. Absence of the digits. Adactylism (ah-dak/-til-izm) [& priv.; 6ákrvãog, a finger]. The absence of the digits. Adactylous (ah-dak/-fil-us) [ä priv.; 6ákrvãog, a fin- ger]. Without fingers or toes. In biology, without claws. Adaemonia (ad-e-mo/-ne-ah). Adamantin (ad-am-an/ º [áðáuaç, from a priv.; Öapuášetv, to overpower]. Pertaining to adamant. A. Cement, a substance used for filling teeth, consisting of finely powdered silex or pumice stone mixed with an amalgam of mercury and silver. See Amalgam. A. Substance, the enamel of the teeth. Adambulacral (ad-am-bu-la/-Aral) [ad, against; am- bulacrum]. In biology, adjoining the ambulacra, as certain ossicles in echinoderms. I. 2. A monstrosity See Ademonia. ADELOPNEUMONA Adamita (ad-am-i/-tah) [L.]. A white vesical calculus. Adam's Apple (ad/-amz ap/-p/). See Pomum Adami. A. Operation. See Operations, Table of. Adansonia digitata (ad-an-so'-ne-ah diſ-it-a/-tah). The Baobab tree, a native of Africa. The bark is used in the form of an infusion, 3.j to Oj, as a remedy for intermittent fever. Unof. Adansonin (ad-an/-so-min). A febrifugal alkaloid from the leaves and bark of Adamsonia Digitata. Unof. 4. Adaptation (ad-aft-ta/-shon) [adaptare, to adjust]. . In biology, favorable organic modifications suiting a plant or animal to its environment. A. of the Retina, the faculty possessed by the retina of accommodating the power of vision to a diminished amount of light, as in a darkened room. Adarce (ad-ar/-se) [äóápkm, a salty efflorescence]. A salty alkaline concretion found in salt-marshes in Asia Minor. It is detergent and has been much used in leprosy and skin diseases. Unof. Adarticulation (ad-ar-tić-u-la/-shun) [ad, to ; articula- tio, a jointing]. See Arthrodia. Addephagia (ad-e-fa/-je-ah) [L.]. See Bulimia. Adder's-tongue (ad/-erz-tung). The leaves of Ophio- glossume vulgatum, a common perennial herb ; muci- laginous, and used in the preparation of salves. Unof. A.-wort (ad/-erz-wert). See Bistort. Add/ison’s Disease. Melasma suprarenale, dermato- melasma-supra-renale, or cutis aerea (“bronzed skin ''), a disease of the supra-renal capsules, first described by Dr. Addison, and characterized by tubercular infiltra- tion of the capsules, discoloration of the skin, progres- sive anemia, and asthenia, ending in death from exhaus- tion. See Diseases, Zable of A. Keloid. See Aeloid and Morphea. Additamentum (ad-it-am-en/-tum) [L.]. Any appen- dix, as an epiphysis. A. Coli, the appendix vermi- formis. Adducens (ad-du/-senz) [L.]. An adductor, a term applied to certain muscles. A. Oculi, the internal rectus muscle of the eye. Adducent (ad-du/-sent) [adducens]. Performing ad- duction. Adduction (ad-dué/-shun) [adductio; adducere, to bring toward]. Any movement whereby a part is brought toward another or toward the median line of the body. A. of the Eyes, the power of the internal recti measured by the maximum ability to preserve singleness of the image with prisms placed bases to- ward the temples. It varies from 30° to 50°. See also Abduction. - Adductive (ad-duk/-tiz) [adducens]. cezzº. Adductor (ad-duk/-tor) [adducere, to bring forward]. Any muscle effecting adduction. Adelarthrosomatous (ad-el-ar-thro-so/-mat-us) [ä priv.; 67%0c, manifest; āpópov, joint; odoua, body]. In biology, indistinctly segmented, or articulated. Adelaster (ad-el-as/-ter) [äómżoç, not manifest; agrip, star]. In biology, a cultivated plant that for the time being cannot be referred to its proper genus. Adelocodonic (ad/-el-o-ko-don/-ié) [äómãoc, not mani- fest; kóðov, a bell]. In biology, lacking a disc or umbrella; said of a gonophore. Adelomorphous (ad-el-o-mor/-fus) [äómżoc,not evident; propºff, form]. Not delomorphous; not clearly defined; not having a determinate form (a term applied to certain cells in the gastric glands.) Adelopneumona (ad-el-of-nie/-mo-nah) [äómżoc, not manifest; Tvévuov, lung]. In biology, the Pulmoni- ſera among gasteropods, the pulmonary cavity being hidden by the mantle. Same as Addit- ADELOPOD 44 Adelopod, Adelopode (a-deſ-lo-pod, -pâd) [äómżoc, not manifest; Toíg, foot]. In biology, an animal with con- cealed or inconspicuous feet. Adelphia (ad-e/-fe-ah) [äóewſpóg, brotherhood]. In biology, a group of stamens united by their filaments. Adelphous (ad-el/-fus) [ádežpóg, brotherhood]. Having stamens with more or less coalescent filaments. Ademonia (ad-e-mo/-ne-ah) [ & priv.; Ömuovía, trouble, distress]. Mental distress. Ademosyne (ad-e-mosſ-in-e) [äómuoginm, trouble, dis- tress]. Depression of spirits; home-sickness. Aden (a/-den) [äóñv, an acorn, a gland]. A gland; a bubo. A. Fever. See Dengue. A. Ulcer. See Ahagedena tropica. Adenalgia (ad-en-a/-je-ah) [äöffv, gland; &Ayoc, pain]. Glandular pain. Adenectopia (ad-en-ek-to/-pe-ah) [äöffy, gland; Škrotrog, away from a place]. A condition in which the gland does not occupy its proper position. Adenemphraxis (ad-en-em-fra/s/-īs) [äöffy, gland; êuppašac, a stoppage]. Glandular obstruction. Adenia (ad-e'-ne-ah) [áðffv, gland]. Enlargement of the glands; Lymphadenoma, Q. v. Adenic (ad-en/-ić) [äöffv, gland]. the nature of a gland. Adeniform (ad-en/-e-form) [äóñv, gland; forma, resem- blance]. Of the shape of a gland; glandlike. Adenin (ad/-en-in) [äóñv, a gland—first discovered in pancreatic glands], C5H5Ns. A leucomaine discov- ered in 1885 by Kossel; the simplest member of the uric acid group of leucomaines. A relation exists between hydrocyanic acid and all the members of this group, and the base, adenin, seems to be formed by polymerization of hydrocyanic acid. It occurs, with other bases, as a decomposition product of nuclein, and may be obtained from all animal and vegetable tissues rich in nucleated cells. It crystallizes in leaflets with pearly luster. It exists largely in the liver and urine of leucocythemic patients, as a result of the breaking up of the nucleated white blood corpuscles. It appears to be necessary to the formation and building up of organic matter, playing an important part, together with guanin, in the physiological function of the cell nucleus. Nuclein, the parent of adenin and guanin, has been credited with a direct relation to the repro- ductive powers of the cell. Adenin is not poisonous. Its physiological action is not definitely known. Adenitis (ad-en-i/-tis) [äóñv, gland; itis, inflammation]. Relating to or of Inflammation of a gland. See Bubo and Zymphaden?- ſis. Adenization (ad-en-i-2a/-shun) [áðffv, a gland]. Ade- noid degeneration. - Adeno- (ad-e'-mo) [äó#v, gland]. note relation to glands. Adenoblast (ad/-en-o-blast) [äöffv, a gland; 3%aoróc, a germ]. Any functionally active gland-cell; a cell that assists in the glandular action. - Adeno-carcinoma (ad-en-o-kar-sin-o’-mah) [äóñv, gland; Kapkºvog, a cancer]. Adenoma blended with carcinomatous elements. Adenocarcinomatous (ad-en-o-kar-sin -o/- mat-us) [áðhy; Kapkºvog). Of the nature of adeno-carcinoma. Adenocele (ad’-en-o-sel, or ad-en-o-se/-le) [äóffy, gland; K%m, a tumor]. See Adenoma. Adenochirapsology (ad-en-o-ki-raft-sol/-o-je) [äöffv, gland; wełp, hand; attetv, to touch; Aóyog, treatise]. The obsolete doctrine of the healing of scrofula by the touch of a king’s hand. Adeno-chondroma (ad-en-o-kom-dro/-mah ) I didfiv, gland; 26 ydpoc, cartilage: pl. , Adeno-chondromata]. A tumor consisting of both glandular and cartilaginous tlSSue. A prefix used to de- ADENO-MYOMA Adeno-cystoma (ad-en-o-sis-to-mah) [äó#v, gland; küotic, bladder; oma, tumor]. A cystic adenoma. Adenodiastasis (ad-en-o-di-as/-tas-is) [äóñv, gland; ôtáotaolc, separation]. I. Displacement of a gland. 2. Abnormal separation of a gland into distinct parts. Adenodiastatic (ad-en-o-di-as-tat'-ić) [áðhy, gland; ôtáo Taoig, separation]. Relating to or marked by adenodiastasis. Adenodynia (ad-en-o-din'-e-ah) [äöffv, gland; 660Vn. pain]. See Adenalgia. Adeno-fibroma (ad-en-o-ft-bro'-mah) [äófiv, gland; ſióra, a fiber]. A combination of adenoma and fibroma. - Adenofibromatous (ad-en-o-ft-bro/-mat-us) [äóñv, gland; ſióra, a fiber]. Of the nature of adeno- fibroma. Adenogenesis (ad-en-o-jen’-es-is) [äöffy, a gland; yéve- otç, a creation]. The development of a gland. Adenography (ad-en-og/-ra-ſe) [äóñv, a gland; ypápetv. to write]. A treatise on the glandular system. Adenoid (ad’-en-oid) [äóñv, gland; eiðoc, resemblance]. Resembling a gland. A. Acne. See Lupus, Dissemi- nated Follicular. A. Body, the prostate gland. A. Disease. Synonym of Hodgkins's Disease. A. Tis- sue. See Animal 7 issue. A. Tumor. See Adenoma. A. Vegetations, a term applied to an hypertrophy of the adenoid tissue that normally exists in the naso- pharynx. This hypertrophy is associated with the fol- lowing characteristic symptoms: Vacant expression of the child, open mouth, noisy breathing, more or less impairment of the hearing, a hacking cough, a pecu- liar muffling of the voice, and an enlargement of the tonsils. The vegetations exert an injurious influence on the physical development of the children so affected. The most important predisposing cause is youth; they are met with in all classes of life and in all climates. Treatment consists in the early and complete removal of the growths. Adenoidal (ad-en-oid/-al) [äóñv, a gland; eiðoc, an ap- pearance]. Somewhat resembling a gland. Adenologaditis (ad-en-o-log-ad-i/-tis) [äóñv, a gland; Aoyáčec, whites of the eyes; trug, inflammation]. I. Ophthalmia neonatorum. 2. Inflammation of the glands and conjunctiva of the eyes. - Adenology (ad-en-o/-0-ſe) [äóñv, gland; Aóyog, a dis- course]. The science of the glandular system. Adeno-lymphocele (ad-en-o-limſ/-0-sel) [äó#v, gland; ſympha, lymph; Kīān, tumor]. Dilatation of the lymph-vessels and enlargement of the lymphatic glands. Adenoma (ad-en-o’-mah) [äóñv, gland; oma, tumor: pl., Adenomata]. A tumor that has sprung from a gland or is constructed after the type of a secreting gland. A. destruens, a destructive form of adenoma, in- volving the stomach walls. A. sebaceum, neoplastic papules on the face, of congenital origin but of later development. The disease occupies the position of acne rosacea, i. e., the middle two-thirds. The lesions are roundish, convex papules, from a millet to a hemp- seed in size, of a bright crimson color, but may be quite colorless and slightly translucent. They do not pale on pressure. They are usually associated with intellectual inferiority, a large proportion of the patients being imbeciles or chronic epileptics. Adenomalacia (ad-en-o-ma/-a/-she-ah) [äó#v, a gland; gahakta, softening]. Abnormal softness of a gland. Adenomesenteritis (ad-en-o-mes-en-ter-i/-fis) [äóñv, a gland; uéoog, middle; Śvrepov, intestine; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands. Adeno-myoma (ad-en-o-mi-o'-mah) [áðhy, a gland; ſtic, a muscle; oma, tumor; pl. , Adeno-myomata]. A tumor composed of glandular and muscular tissues. ADENO-MYXOMA Adeno-myxoma (ad-en-o-miks-o’-mah) [äóñv, a gland; 45 paſſa, mucous; oma, tumor: pl., Adeno-myxomata]. A growth having the characters of adenoma and myxoma. Adenoncosis (ad-en-on-ko/-sis) [äó#v, a gland; by coog, swelling]. The enlargement of a gland. Adenoncus (ad-en-ong/-kus) [äó#v, gland; bykoç, a mass]. A glandular tumor. Ad/eno-ner/vous Fe/ver. Synonym of Plague. Adeno-neurotic (ad-en-o-mee-rotº-i}) [áð%v, a gland; veipov, nerve]. Pertaining to the glands and nerves. A. Fever, the plague. Adenopathy (ad-en-op/-a-the) [äóñv, gland; Tráfloc, dis- ease]. Any disease of a gland or of the glands. Adenopharyngitis (ad-en-o-far-in-ji’-tis) [&óñv, a gland; pápvyš, the throat; trug, inflammation]. In- flammation of the tonsils and pharynx. Adenophlegmon (ad-en-o-ſieg'-mon). [äóżv, a gland; 92.Éyuovm, inflammation]. Suppurative inflammation of a lymphatic gland. Adenophore (ad-en/-o-for) [äóñv, a gland; pepétv, to bear]. In biology, the pedicle or stalk supporting a nectar gland. , Adenophorous (ad-en-off’-o-rus) [äóñv, a gland; pépetv, to bear]. Glandular, or gland-bearing. Adenophthalmia (ad-en-off-tha/-me-ah) [äóñv, gland; ô006%poç, the eye]. Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. Adenophthalmitis (ad-en-off-thal-mi'-tis). Adenophthalmia. Adenophyllous (ad-en-off’-il-us)[äóñv, a gland; $0%0v, a leaf J. In biology, with leaves which bear glands. Adenophyma (ad-en-o-ft/-mah), [äóñv, gland; pipia, growth.J. A swelling of a gland or ganglion; a bubo. Adenopodous (ad-en-op/-o-dus) [äóñv, gland; Towg, foot]. In biology, bearing glands on the footstalk or petiole. - Adeno-sarcoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah) [äóñv, a gland; oépé, flesh; oma, a tumor: pl., Adeno-sarcomata). A tumor with the characters of adenoma and sarcoma. Adeno-scirrhus (ad-en-o-skir/-us) [ &6%v, gland; okipbocj. Adenoma with scirrhous or carcinomatous elements. - Adenosclerosis (ad-en-o-séle-roſ-sis) [äóñv, a gland; ok%mpóg, hard]. A hardening of a gland, with or without swelling. Adenose (ad/-en-ás) [äóñº, gland]. abounding in glands; gland-like. Adenosis (ad-en-o’-sis) [äóñv, a gland]. I. Any glandu- lar disease. 2. Any chronic glandular disorder. Adenotomy (ad-en-of/-o-me) [äóñv, a gland; Tóplm, a cutting]. The anatomy of the glands; dissection or incision of a gland. . Adenous (ad'-en-us) [äóñv, gland]. See Adenose. Adephagia (ad-e-fa’-je-ah) [äóm?ayia, gluttonous]. A gluttonous appetite ; bulimia. . Adephagous (ad-ef’-ag-us) [äónqayta]. Gluttonous. Adeps (ad/-eps) [L., gene., Adipis]. Lard. The fat obtained from the abdomen of the hog, Sus Scrofa. Composed of 38 per cent, stearin and margarin, and 62 per cent, olein. Forms 70 per cent. of ceratum and 80 of unguentum, 7, z. A. anserinus, goose- grease. A. benzoinatus, contains two per cent. of benzoin, A. lanae hydrosus, hydrous wool-fat, the purified fat of the wool of sheep. A. ovillus, mutton suet. Adipis, Oleum, a fixed oil expressed from lard. A. praeparatus (B. P.), purified fat of the hog, Ung. Simp., contains white wax, benzoated lard, and almond-oil. A. suillus, hogs' lard ; adeps. Adepsin (ad-ep/-sin) [adeps, lard]. much like vaselin. Same as Glandular; A petrolatum ADIPOCERE Adermia (ah-der/-me-ah) [á priv.; 6épua, skin]. Ab- sence or defect of the skin. Adermonervia (ah-der-mo-mer/-ze-ah) [& priv.; 6épua, skin; nervus, a nerve]. Loss or lack of nerve-stimulus in the skin. - Adermotrophia (ah-der-mo-tro/-ſe-ah) [ä priv.; 6éppa, skin; Tpopff, nutrition]. Atrophy of the skin. Adesmia (ah-des/-me-a/a). See Adesmy. Adesmosis (ah-des-mo/-sis) [ä priv.; jeouáç, a band]. Atrophy of the cutaneous connective tissue. Adesmy (ah-des/-me) [äóeguoç, unfettered]. In botany, the separation of parts normally entire or united. Adglutinate (ad-glu'-tin-át). Same as Agglutinate. Adhatoda Vasica (ad-hat/-o-dah was/-īk-ah). Mala- bar nut; leaves of A. justicia, a tree of the order of Acanthaceae, growing in India. Expectorant and anti-spasmodic. Dose of the fló. ext, 3 }{-j. Adherence (ad-he/-rens) [adhaerere, to adhere]. See Adhesion. Adherent (ad-he/-rent) [adhaerere, to adhere]. In botany, adnate; the union of unlike structures. Adhesion (ad-he/-zhun) [adha-rere, to stick to]. Abnor- mal union of two surfaces as a result of abrasion, inflammation, etc. A., Primary, called also Æealing by Airst Intention and by Immediate Union, a method of healing of wounds by the production of lymph, followed by the vascularization and cicatrization of the exudate. A., Secondary, or Healing by Second Antention, or by Granulation, is that mode of healing attended by the production of pus and the formation of granulations. A. Plaster. See Emplastrum. Adhesive (ad-he/-siv) [adhacrere, to adhere]. Sticky, tenacious. A. Inflammation, inflammation accom- panied by plastic exudation, and tending to the union of apposed surfaces. It may be reparative in its effect, as in wounds, or it may be injurious in its results, as in some cases of pleurisy. A. Plaster. See A'esin and Emplastrum. Adiantum (ad-e-an/-tum) [á priv.; 6tavróg, wettable]. A genus of ferns; the maiden-hair. A. capillus- veneris and A. pedatum, of N. America, are service- able in coughs. The demulcent and anti-hectic remedy, capillaire, is prepared from the former. Unof. Adiaphoresis (ah-di-aſ-o-re’-sis) [á priv.; 6tagopeteuv, to perspire]. Deficient sweat. Adiaphoretic (ah-di-aſ-o-reſ/-īk) [ä priv.; 6tapopeūetv, to perspire]. Reducing the sweat; anidrotic. Adiaphorous (ad-i-af’-or-us) [áðvágopog, indifferent]. Neutral; inert; doing neither harm nor good. Adiapneustia (ah-de-ap-nits/-te-ah) [á priv.; duatvev- otéetv, to perspire]. A stoppage of perspiration. Adiathesia (ah-di-ath-e'-se-ah) [ä priv.; 6táteguc, con- dition]. A condition or particular disease that is not congenital. Adiathesic (ah-di-ath-e'-sié) [& priv.; duáBeaug, con- dition]. Not connected with any diathesis. Adiathetic (ah-di-ath-et/-ä) [a priv.; 6,66eog, condi- tion]. Adiathesic. Adicity (ad-is/-īt-e). In chemistry, combining capacity, according as an element or a compound is a monad, dyad, etc. Same as Palency. Adinin (ad/-in-in). See Adenin. Adipate (ad/-ip-àt) [adeps, fat]. Any salt of adipic aClOl. Adipic (ad-ip/-i}) [adeſs, lard]. Of or belonging to fat. A. Acid. See Acid. Adipoceration (ad-ip-os-er-a/-shun) [adeps, fat; cera, wax]. The formation of adipocere. Adipocere (ad!’-ip-o-sèr) [adeps, fat; cera, wax]. A wax- like substance formed by the exposure of fleshy tissue to moisture, with the exclusion of air, i. e., in the ADIPOGENOUS earth or under water. It consists of the fatty acids in combination with the alkaline earths and ammonium. Human bodies in moist burial places often undergo this change. Adipogenous (ad-à-oj/-em-us) [adeps, fat; gigmere, to produce]. Producing fat and adipose tissue. Adipoma (ad-ip-o’-mah) [adeps, fat; oma, a tumor; pl., Adipomata]. A fatty tumor; lipoma. Adipomatous (ad-ip-o’-mat-us) [adeps, fat; oma, a tumor]. Of the nature of adipoma. Adipose (ad/-ip-às) [adeps, fat]. Fatty. A. Fin, the fleshy, rayless, dorsal fin of some fishes. A. Tissue, fat cells united by connective tissue; distributed ex- tensively through the body. It is composed of triolein, tripalmitin, and tristearin, and is liquid during life or at the temperature of the living body. Adiposis (ad-iº/-o-sis) [adeps, fat; osis, state]. Cor- pulence; fatty degeneration; fatty infiltration. A. hepatica, fatty degeneration or infiltration of the liver. Adipositas (ad-ip-os/-it-as) [L.J. Fatness; corpulency. Adiposity (ad-ip-os/-īt-e). Fatness; corpulency. Adipsia (a/-diº/-se-a/) t priv.; Ötipa, thirst]. Absence of thirst. Adipsic (ah-dip/-sik) [ä priv.; 6tha, thirst]. ing to adipsia; quenching thirst. Adipsous (a/-dip/-sus) [á priv.; 6íba, thirst]. Quench- ing thirst. Aditus (ad/-it-us) [ad, to ; ire, to goj. In anatomy, an entrance, as to any one of the radial canals of a sponge. A. laryngis, the entrance to the larynx. Ad/jective Col/oring Mat/ter. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. - Adjuster (adjus/-ter) [Fr., adjuster, to adjust]. He who or that which adjusts. A device formerly used for the forcible reduction of dislocations. Adjust/ing Col/lar. See Collar. Adjust/ment, Coarse. Commonly, the rack and pinion for raising or lowering the tube of a microscope a considerable distance without lateral deviation. A., Fine, the micrometer screw generally at the top of the column of a microscope for raising or lowering the tube slowly through a short distance. Adjuvant (a/-u-vant) [adjuvare, to assist]. A medicine that assists the action of another to which it is added. Admortal (ad-mor/-/a/) [ad, to ; mors, mortis, death]. Moving from living muscular tissue toward that which is dead or dying, as electric currents. Adnascent (ad-nās/-ent) [ad, to ; masci, to grow]. biology, growing upon or attached to something. Adnata (ad-ma/-tah) [ad, to ; masci, to be born, to grow]. I. The tunica admaſa ; the conjunctiva; more correctly, a tendinous expansion of the muscles of the eye; it lies between the sclerotic and the conjunctiva. 2. One of the coats of the testicle. In zoölogy, appendages of the skin, as scales, hair, feathers. Adnate (ad/-nāt) [adnatus, grown tol. In biology, congenitally attached or united. Adnation (ad-ma/-s/ium) [adnatus, grown to]. The state of being adnate. Adnerval (ad-mer/-val) [ad, to ; mervus, a nerve]. Moving toward a nerve; said of electric currents in muscular fiber. Adneural (ad-mu’-ral) [ad, to ; veðpov, a nerve]. A term used to describe a nervous affection in which the disease is at the very point of the symptoms exclusively, as in the form of an adventitious deposit. Adilexa (ad-me/s/-ah) [ad, to ; meczere, to joint: £/.]. Adjunct parts, as the adnexa of the uterus. A. bulbi, the appendages of the bulb of the eye. Adolescence (ad-o-lesſ-ens) Youth, or the period between puberty and maturity, Pertain- In 46 [adolescere, to grow]. ADVANCEMENT usually reckoned as extending in males from about 14 to 25 years, and in females from 12 to 21 years. Adonidin (ad-on/-id-in) [Adonis]. A glucosid derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant indigenous in Europe and Asia. Recommended in cardiac dropsy. Dose gr. Vá–%. Unof. Adonis aestivalis (ad-o’-mis es-tiv-a/-lis). A plant much used in Italy as a cardiac tonic. Similar pro- perties possessed by A. vernalis. Dose of fli. ext. muj-ij. A. Tinctura, dose mux—xxx. Adoral (ad-o/-ral) [ad, near to; os, the mouth]. Situated near the mouth. Adosculation (ad-os-Au-/a/-shum) [ad, to ; osculari, to kiss]. Impregnation by external contact without intro- IIllSS1OI). Adpressed, or Appressed (ad-presd/ or ap-resd/) [ad- pressus]. Brought into contact with but not united. Adradial (ad-ra/-de-al) [ad, near to ; radius, a ray]. Near a ray, as the third series of tentacles in certain hydrozoöns. Cf. Interradia/, Perradial. - Adradii (ad-ra/-de-à) [ad, near to ; radius, a ray]. Special organs lying between the perradii and inter- radii of medusae. Adrectal (ad-re/-tal) [ad, near by ; rectus, straight]. In biology, near the rectum, as certain glands. Adrenal (ad-re/-mal) [ad, near to; rem, the kidney]. In biology, adjacent to the kidney. Adrenals (ad-re/-ma/2) [ad, near to ; ren, the kidney]. The supra-renal capsules. A/drian’s Mix’ture. A hemostatic mixture containing chloride of iron 25 parts, chloride of sodium I5 parts, and water 60 parts. Adrostral (ad-rosſ-tral) [ad, to, at; rostrum, beak]. In biology, belonging to or placed near the beak or SnOut. Adrue (ad-ru/-e). Anti-emetic root. The root of Cy- perus articulatus. Strongly recommended to check black vomit of yellow fever; anthelmintic, aromatic, stomachic. Dose of the fid. ext, gtt. xx-xxx. Unof. Adscendent (ad-sem/-dent). See Ascending. Adstriction % -shum) [adstrictis, a binding]. Ligation; astringent action ; constipation. Adsurgent, or Assurgent gº as-ser/jent) [ad, to ; surgere, to rise]. Same as Ascending. Adterminal (ad-ter/-min-al) [ad, near to ; terminus, the end]. Moving toward the insertion of a muscle; said of electric currents in muscular fiber. Adul Oil. An oil used in India for treating rheumatism. Adult º: ) [adolescere, adultus, to grow]. Mature; of full legal age. One of mature age. A. Sporadic Cretinism. See Myxedema. Adulteration (ad-ul-ter-a/-shun), [adulterare, to cor- rupt]. The admixture of inferior, impure, inert, or less valuable ingredients to an article for gain, decep- tion, or concealment. Medicines, wines, foods, etc., are largely adulterated. Adumbrella (ad-um-bre/-ah). In bidlogy, the upper surface of the velum in the medusae, the opposite of exumbrella or Aðumbrella. Adumbrellar (ad-um-bre/-ar). In biology, pertaining to the upper or outer surface of the velum in the medusae ; opposed to abumbrellar. Aduncous (ad-ung/-kus) [ad, to ; uncus, a hook, barb]. In biology, hooked, as the bill of a parrot or hawk. Adust (ad-us/) [adustus, burned up]. Hot and dry; parched. Adustion (ad-us/-chun) [adustus, burned up]. quality of being adust. , 2. Cauterization. Advancement (ad-vans/-ment) [M. E., avancement]. An operation to remedy strabismus, generally in con- junction with tenotomy, whereby the opposite tendon from the over-acting one, having been cut, is brought I. The ADVENTITIA forward, so that, growing fast in a more advanced position, it shall have more power to act upon the globe of the eye. A., Capsular, an operation similar to that on the tendon upon Tenon's capsule. It must be distinguished from advancement by the fact that the tendon itself is not divided. Adventitia (ad-ven-tish/-e-ah) [adventitius, foreign]. The external covering or coat of the blood-vessels. Adventitious (ad-ven-fish/-us) [adventitius, foreign]. Accidental, foreign, acquired, as opposed to natural or hereditary; occurring out of the ordinary or normal place or abode. Adventive (ad-ven/-tiv). naturalized exotic. Adverse (ad/-vers) [adversus, opposite]. turned or directed toward the axis. Adversifoliate (ad-ver-se-fo'-le-āt) [adversus, opposite; folium, leaf J. See Adversifolious. Adversifolious (ad-ver-se-fo/-le-us) [adversus, opposite; folium, leaf J. In biology, having opposite leaves. Adynamia (ah-din-a/-me-ah) [ä priv.; 6üvaug, power]. Deficiency or loss of vital or muscular power. Adynamic (ah-din-am/-ić) [á priv.; 6üvapug, power]. Pertaining to or characterized by adynamia. A. Fever. Synonym for Typhus Aſever, g. v. AE-. See E-. AEcidioform (e-sid’’-e-o-form) [alkia, a wheal; forma, form]. See Acidiostage. AEcidiomycetes (e-sid-e-o-mi-se/-tez) [alkía, a wheal; plíkmg, a fungus]. AEcidium fungi, including many of the rusts, blights, and mildews. AEcidiospore (e-sid/-e-o-spor) [alkía, a wheal; otopá, seed, spore]. In biology, a fungal spore developed by abstriction in a member of the genus Acidium. AEcidiostage (e-sid/-e-o-staff) [alkía, a wheal; M. E., stage]. The first stage in the reproduction of uredine fungi. Same as Zeidioform. AEcidium (e-sid/-e-um) [alkia, a wheal; dim., iótov]. The cup-shaped organ producing the aecidiospores in the uredine fungi. - AE doeagra (e-de-a/-grah). See Edeagra. AEdoeatrophia (e-de-at-ro/-ſe-ah). See Adeatrophia. AEdoeauxe (e-de-auks/-e). See Adeauxe. AEdoeitis (e-de-i/-tis). See Adeitis. AEdoeodynia (e-de-o-dim/-e-ah). See Edeodymia. AEdoeogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz'-mus). See Edeo- gangalismzes. AEdoeography (e-de-og/-ra-ſe). See Edeography. AEdoeology (e-de-o/-o-je). See Edeology. AEdoeomania (e-de-o-ma/-ne-ah). See Edeomania. AEdoeomycodermitis (e-de-o-mi-ko-der-mi/-tis). Baleomycodermitis. AEdoeopsy (e-deſ-of-se). See Edeopsy. AEdoeoptosis (e-de-of-to/-sis). See Baleoptosis. AEdoeoscopy (e-de-os/-ko-pe). See Edeoscopy. AEdoeotomy (e-de-of/o-me). See Edeotomy. Ægagropila (e-gag-rop'-il-ah). Plural of Ægagropilus. AEgagropilus (e-gag-rop/-ij-us) [alyāypog, a wild goat; trižog, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed of hair, found in animals and occasionally in man. A bezoar. AEgilops (e/-jil-ops). See Fgilops. AEgithognathous (e-jith-og/-na-thus) [aiyibog, the hedge-sparrow; Yvá60ç, jaw]. Characterized by having an anteriorly truncated vomer in union with the ali- nasal wall and turbinals, as in passerine birds. AEgobronchophony (e-go-brong-koff’-o-ne). See Ego- bronchophony. AEgonia (e-go/-ne-ah) [L.]. A minor or slight egophony. AEgophony (e-goff’-o-me). See Egophony. AEgyptia ulcera ; :"... u/-ser-ah) [L.]. Egyp- tian ulcers; a form of ulceration of the tonsils and fauces. In biology, an incompletely In biology, See 47 AEROCOMIA SCLEROCARPA AEipathia (ah-ip-a/h/-e-ah) [äeltraffeia, from diet, always; Tráffog, a suffering]. Constant and incurable suffering. AE1uropodous (e-Wu-rop/-o-dus) [aizoupoc, cat; Totic, foot]. Cat-footed. AEluropsis (e/-u-ro/-sis) [ai/wpoc, cat; 6 plc, appear- ance]. Obliquity of the eye or of the palpebral fissure. AEquabiliter justo major, or minor Pelvis (e-Awa- bi/-it-er). See Pelvis. AEquator Oculi (e-Awa’-/or ok/-u-li). AEquilibrium (e-kwil-iö/-re-um). Aer (a/-er). See Air. Aérated (a/-er-a-ted) [äffp, the atmosphere]. nated or charged with carbon dioxid or air. Aération (a-er-a/-shun) [áñp, air]. The process of supplying or charging with air or with some gas, such as carbon dioxid; the state of being supplied with air or gas. Aérenchyma (a-er-en/-Aim-ah) [áñp, air; £yxéiv, to pour]. In biology, cork-like plant tissue. Aérendocardia (a-er-en-do-AEar/-de-ah) ſāńp, air; £vöov, within; kapóta, heart]. The existence of air within the heart. Aérenterectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta/-se-ah) [&#p, air; £vrepov, intestine; Škraotº, distention]. Flatulence; distention of the abdomen by gas within the intes- tines. Aérhemoctonia (a-er-hem-ok-to/-ne-ah) [äñp, air; alua, blood; któvoc, killing]. Death by the entrance of air into the veins. Aérhemotoxia (a-er-hem-o-toks/-e-ah) [áño, air; alga, blood; Tošikóv, poison]. See Aérhemoctonia. Aërial (a-e'-re-al). Pertaining to the air. A. Fistula. See Aºstae/a. Aériferous (a-er-if”-er-us) [áñp, air; ferre, to bear]. Conveying air, as the trachea and its branches. Aérification (a-er-iſ-ik-a/-shun) [äñp, air; ſacere, to make]. I. The process of charging with air; the state of being charged with air. 2. Emphysema. Aérifluxus (a-er-iſ-luks/-us) [áñp, air; ſluxus, flow]. Any abnormal escape of air, as by belching, flatulence, &c. Aériperitonia (a-er-ip-er-it-o-me/-ah) [&#p, air; Tepi, around; Teived, to stretch]. Peritoneal tympanites. Aérobe (a/-er-āb) [ä#p, air; 3iog, life]. One of the aérobia. See Aérobic. Aérobia (a-er-o/-be-ah) [äñp, air; 3ioç, life]. Plural of Aérobe. Organisms that require air or free oxygen for the maintenance of life. A., Facultative, organ- isms normally or usually anaërobic, but under certain circumstances acquiring ačrobic power. Aérobic (a-er-āb/-ié) [áñp, air; Éioc, life]. Requiring oxygen (air) in order to live. A term applied to those bacteria requiring free oxygen. Those that do not grow in its presence are called anaërobic. Between these extremes there are forms that are able to grow without oxygen under favorable conditions, though they make use of it when present; others that may grow in its presence, though flourishing best in its absence; these are called respectively facultative aërobes or facultative anaërobes, in distinction from those first mentioned, which are called obliga- tory aerobes or anaërobes. Aérobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o/-sis) [áñp, air; fliog, life]. that requires the presence of air, or free oxygen. Aérobiotic (a-er-o-bi-of/-ié) [äñp, air; fluorukóc, pertain- ing to life]. Thriving only in the presence of free oxygen. AErocomia sclerocarpa (e-ro-ko'-me-ah sk/e-ro-Aar/- fah). A South American plant, very popular as a remedy in leucorrhea, diarrhea, and albuminuria. It is astringent. Unof. See Equator. See Aguilibrium. Impreg- Life AEROCONISCOPE Aèroconiscope (a-er-o-kon/-is-Åop) [áñp, air; kóvac, dust; oroteiv, to inspect]. A device for collecting dust from the air for microscopical observation. Aérocyst (a/-er-o-sist) [ä#p, air; Küoric, bladder]. biology, the air-bladder of sea-weeds. Aérodermectasia (a-er-o-der-meš-ta/-se-ah) [ä%p, air; ôéppia, skin; Šktaatc, distention]. Surgical emphy- Sema; distention of the subcutaneous connective tis- Sue by air. Aéroenterectasia (a-er-o-en-ter-eč-ta/-se-ah) [äñp, air; ëvrepov, intestine; Škraotº, dilatation]. Distention of the bowels with gas. Aérognosy (a-er-og/-no-se) [ä%p, air; Yvāoug, knowl- edge]. See Aérology. Aérography (a-er-og/-ra-ſe) [áñp, air; ypápm, a writing]. The description of the air and its qualities. Aérohydropathy (a-er-o-hi-drop/-a-the) [ä%p, air; ióop, water; Tábog, disease]. Pneumatic treatment of dis- ease, combined with hydropathy. Aérohydrous (a-er-o-hi/-drus) [áñp, air; ióop, water]. Containing air and water, as certain minerals. Aérology (a-er-o/-o-je) [áñp, air; Aóyog, treatise]. The science of the air and its qualities. Aérometer (a-er-om/-et-er) [äñp, air; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the density of gases. Aérometry (a-er-om/-et-re) [&#p, air; uérpov, a measure]. The science of measuring the density of gases. Aérophobia (a-er-o-fo/-be-ah) [áñp, air; pó60c, fear]. Dread of a current of air; a symptom of hydrophobia and hysteria. Aérophoby (a/-er-o-fo-be) [ä%p, air; póðoç, fear]. See Aérophobia. Aérophone (a/-er-o-fôn) [áñp, air; pová, sound]. An instrument for increasing the amplitude of sound- Waves. Aérophore (a/-er-o-for) [áñp, air; popeiv, to carry]. I. A device for the inflation of the lungs of a still-born child with air. 2. A breathing apparatus to be used by firemen and others, to prevent the inhalation of noxious gases. Aérophyte (a-er-o-fit) [&#p, air; púTov, plant]. An air- lant. Aérºnic (a-er-o-pin/-ić) [áñp, air; trivetv, to drink]. Affected with the habit of wind-sucking. Applied to a horse that habitually bites his crib or manger and swallows air. - Aéroplethysmograph (a-ºr-o-pleth-iz'-mo-graf) [áñp, air; TAffffog, fulness; ypájetv, to write]. An appara- tus for registering graphically the expired air; the latter raises a very light and carefully equipoised box placed over water, and this moves a writing-style. Aéropneumonectasia (a-er-op-nu-mo-nek-ta/-se-ah) [áñp, air; Tveiuov, the lung ; ŚkTaoag, distention]. Emphysema of the lungs. Aérorrhachia (a-er-o-ra/-äe-ah) [áñp, air; bázug, the spine]. An accumulation of air or gas in the spinal canal. Aéroscepsy (a-er-o-skep/-se) [áñp, air; oképig, a view- ing]. In zoölogy, the power of perceiving atmos- pheric changes. Aéroscope (a/-er-o-sköp) [áñp, air; okotreiv, to observe]. An instrument for the examination of air-dust. Also, an instrument for estimating the purity of the air. In Aéroscopy (a-er-osſ-ko-pe) [áñp, air; akotreiv, to observe]. The investigation of atmospheric condi- tions. g Aérosis (a-er-o/-sis) [äépeoffat, to become air]. Gas for- mation within the body. Aérotherapeutics (a-e-ro-ther-a-pu’-tiâs) [ä%p, air; 6eparewelv, to serve]. Pneumatotherapeutics; a mode of treating disease by varying the pressure or the com- position of the air breathed. 48 AESTIVATION Aèrotherapy (a-er-o-ther/-a-pe) [ä%p, air; 6epaireiew, to serve]. See Aérotherapeutics. Aérothorax (a-er-o-tho/-ražs) [ähp, chest]. See Pneumothorax. Aérotonometer (a-er-o-to-nom/-et-er) [áñp, air; Tôvoc, tension; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for estimating the tension of gases in the blood. Aérotropism (a-er-of/-ro-pigm) [ä%p, air; tpérew, to turn]. In biology, the deflection of roots from the normal direction of growth by the action of gases. Aérourethroscopy (a-er-o-u-reth/-ro-sko-pe) [ä%p, air; oup#6pa, urethra; groteiv, to examine]. Urethroscopy conjoined with inflation of the urethra with air. Aérozoa (a-er-o-zo/-ah) [äñp, air; £ºov, animal]. Same as Aéroðia. Aèrteriversion (a-er-ter-iv-er/-shun) [ä%p, air; tıpéetv, to hold; vertere, to turn]. A method of arresting hemorrhage by everting the cut end of an artery, in- vaginating the vessel in itself and fixing the parts by a needle. Aèrteriverter (a-er-ter-iv-er’-ter) [ähp, air; tıpéew, to hold; zertere, to turn]. An instrument used in per- forating ačrteriversion. i. AEruginous (e-ru/-jin-us). See Eruginous. AErugo (e-ru/-go) [L., gem. Æruginis]. I. Rust of a metal. 2. Subacetate of copper. AE. Ferri, the Subcarbonate of iron. Æ. Plumbi, lead carbonate, or subcarbonate. Ærumna (e-rum/-nah) [L.]. Mental distress, mental and physical distress combined. AES (32) [L.J. Copper or brass. See Copper. AEschrolalia (es-Aro-la/-le-ah). See Fschrolalia. AEschromythesis (es-Åro-mi-theſ-sis). See Eschromy- thesis. AEsculin (es/-ku-/in). See Esculin. Æsculus hippocastanum (es/-ku-ſus hip-o-AEas/-ta- num) [L.J. Horse-chestnut. The fruit of the com- mon “buckeye,” or horse-chestnut. Recommended in hemorrhoids. Dose gr. iij. Unof. º Æstates (es-ta/-tez) [L., pl.]. Freckles, or sunburn. See Ephelis and Zentigo. AEsthacyte (es/-tha-sit) [aloffmotg, feeling; kitoc, a cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of sponges, discovered by Stewart. AEsthematology (es-the-mat-o/-o-je). tology. AEsthesia (es-the-ze-ah). See AEsthesia. AEsthesin (es/-the-sin). See Asthesin. AEsthesiogen (es-the-se-o-jen). See Esthesiogen. AEsthesiography (es-the-se-og/-ra-fe). See Asthesiog- raphy. AEsthesiology (es-the-se-o/-o-je). See Asthesiology. AEsthesiomania (es-the-se-o-ma/-ne-ah). See Asthesio- mazzia. - g AEsthesiometer (es-the-se-om/-et-er). air; 6ópaš, the Or See Asthema- See Esthesiom- efe?". AEsthesiometry (es-the-se-om/-et-re). See Esthesiom- etry. AEsthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro/-sis). See Esthe- stonezerosis. AEsthesis (es-theſ-sis). See Esthesis. AEsthesodic (es-the-sod”-ić). See Esthesodic. AEsthete (es/-thet) [aloffmróg, perceived by the senses]. In biology, one of the sense-organs of the Chitomidae described by Moseley. • ' AEsthetica (es-thef/-ić-ah) [aioffmotº, perception by the senses]. Diseases characterized by impairment or abolition of any of the senses. AEsthophysiology (es-tho-ſiz-e-o/-o-je). fhysioſogy. AEstival (es/-tiv-al). AEstivation (es-tiv-a/-shun). See Astho- See Estival. See Estivation. AESTUARIUM AEstuarium (es-tu-a/-re-um). See Astuarium. AEstuation (es-tu-a/-shun). See Astuation. AEstus (es/-tus) [I.]. Heat; especially a flushing, or sudden glow of heat. AE. volaticus, wildfire rash; strophulus. - AEtas (e/-tas) [L.]. Age; a period of life. See Age. AEthalium (e-ſha/-le-um) [aiffahog, smoke, soot (refer- ring to the spores)]. In biology, a placentoid com- pound plasmodium formed by certain mycetozoa, e.g., the flowers of tan. AEther (e/-ther). See Zºher. AEtherism (e/-ther-izm). See Atherism. AEthiopification (e-the-of-fié-a/-shan). fication. - - Aéthiopiosis (e-the-op-e-o/-sis). See Złżioſºftcation. AEthiops (e’-the-ops) [albiop, an Ethiopian]. An old term for any black mineral powder used in medicine. AE. antimonialis, a black triturate of mercury, antimony, and sulphur, made after several distinct formulae. AE. martialis, black iron deutoxid. Æ. mineralis, black amorphous triturate of mercury with sulphur, in various proportions. AEthusa (e-thu/-sah). See Bthusa. AEthusin (e-thu/-sin). See Ethusin. AEtiology (e-te-o/-o-fe). See Adiology. Afebrile (ah-fe/-bril) [ä priv.; febrilis, feverish]. Without fever. Afetal (ah-ſe/-tal) [ä priv.; fetus, an offspring]. With- out a fetus. Affection (afteå/-shun) [afficere, to affect]. A syno- nym of disease. . Affective (afteå/-fiv) [afficere, to affect]. Exciting emo- tion. A. Faculties, the emotions and propensities— especially those peculiar to man. A. Insanity, emo- tional or impulsive insanity. Affectus (afteå/-tus) [L.]. A disordered condition. A. animi, an affection of the mind; mental disorder. A. suffocatorius. Synonym of ZXiphtheria. Afferent (af’-er-ent) [afferens, carrying to]. Carrying toward the center. Of nerves : conveying impulses toward the central nervous system; sensory, centri- petal. Of blood-vessels: those, as arteries, conveying blood to the tissue, sometimes also to the gills. Of Aymphatics : those conveying lymph to a lymphatic gland. Compare AEfferent. * Afferentia, or Vasa afferentia (va/-sah after-en/-she- ah) [L.]. I. The lymphatic vessels. 2. Any vessels carrying blood or lymph to an organ. Affiliation (af-il-e-a/-shun) [ad, to ; ſilius, son]. In medical jurisprudence, the act of imputing or affixing the paternity of a child in order to provide for its maintenance. Affinity (af-in/-it-e) [affinis, akin to]. Relationship. A synonym of Attraction. A., Chemical, the force exerted at inappreciable distances, and between definite and invariable weights of two or more combining sub- stances, whereby bodies of dissimilar nature unite to form new compounds. Contradistinguished from co- Aesion, which is an attraction between molecules. A., Elective, the preference of one substance for another rather than for a third or fourth. Affinity is spoken of as compound, developed, disposing, divellent, intermedi- ate, 7ttiescent, reciprocal, or synthetic, according to the part it plays, or is conceived to play, in any chemical process. Affium (af’-e-um) [Arab., Aſian]. The Asiatic name for opium. Afflate (af-lāt) [afflatus, blown upon]. attack; overwhelming. Afflatus (af-la/-tus) [L., “a blowing upon”]. I. A draft or blast of air. 2. A sudden attack. 3. A sup- posed inspiration or divine influence. See Bthiopi- Sudden in its 49 AGALAXY Affluence (af’-lu-ems) [affluentia, from affluene, to flow to]. A determination or influx, as of blood to a art. - Ahment (af’-lu-ent) [affluens, flowing to]. Producing a congestion; determinant; flowing in or upon. Afflux (af’-lux) [affluene, affluxus, to flow toward]. The flow of the blood or other liquid to a particular art. Añºion (af-luk/-shum) [affluene, affluxus, to flow toward]. See Afflux. Affusion (af-u/-zhum) [affusio, affundere, to pour upon]. Pouring water upon a substance to cleanse it, or upon the body in fevers to reduce temperature and calm nervous symptoms. A-form Chronoscope. See Chronoscope. African (af’-rik-an) {Africa, Latin name of the country]. Pertaining to Africa. A. Arrow-poison. See Stro- phanthus. A. Date-mark. See Furunculus orien- falls. A. Fever. Synonym of Dengue. A. Gum, gum arabic. See Acacia. A. Lethargy, or Nelávan, a “sleeping sickness” affecting negroes of the West African coast. Increasing somnolence is the character- istic symptom. It is very fatal. Death after emaciation follows in from three to six months. Post-mortem examination has revealed hyperemia of the arachnoid, and it is asserted that this “sleeping sickness” is only one of the symptoms of Filariasis, Q. v. No treatment avails. A. Pepper, Chillies; the intensely biting fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum. See Capsicum. After (af’-ter) [A. S., after, back]. I. The anus. The buttocks. 2. Next in succession. A. Action, the negative variation in an electrical current continuing for a short time in a tetanized muscle. A. Birth, the popular designation of the placenta, cord, and mem- branes, sometimes called the secundines. A. Brain. See Hindbrain and Metencephalom. A. Care, the care or nursing of convalescents; specifically, the treatment of patients discharged as cured from lunatic asylums. A. Cataract, Cataracta Secundaria ; an opacity of the media of the eye after operation for cataract due to opacification of the capsule or to non-absorption of the remains of the lens-substance. A. Damp, a poisonous mixture of gases, such as carbon monoxid and carbon dioxid, found in coal mines after an explosion of inflammable gases. A. Hearing, a neurotic con- dition in which sounds are heard after the wave-motion that produces them has ceased. A. Images, con- tinued retinal impressions after the stimulus of the light or image has ceased to act. A positive after- amage is a simple prolongation of the sensation; a negative after-image is the appearance of the image in complementary colors. After-sensations may be also experienced with other senses. A. Milk, the strip- pings, the last milk taken from the teat at any one milking. It is peculiarly rich in butter, as compared with the fore-milk. A. Pains. See Pains. A. Per- ception, the perception of a sensation after the stimulus has passed away. A. Sensation, a sensation lasting longer than the stimulus producing it. A. Taste, a gustatory sensation produced some time after the stimu- lus has been removed. A. Treatment. See A. Care. Afterings (af’-ter-ingz) [A. S., after, after]. See After-milk. Agacement des Dents [Fr.]. The unpleasant sensa- tion of teeth “set on edge” from contact of acids. Agalactia (ah-gal-aš/-te-ah) [ä priv.; Yáža, milk]. Failure or insufficiency of the mother's milk after childbirth. Agalactous (ah-gal-ak/-tus) [ä priv.; yáña, milk]. I. Without milk. 2. Not suckled; not nourished with milk. Agalaxy (ah-ga/-ak-se). See Agalactia. 4. AGALLOCHA Agallocha (ag-a/-o-kah) [äyážAoxov, the lignum aloes]. The milky juice of Excacaria agallochum, a small tree of India. The juice is very acrid, and when brought in contact with the skin blisters it. Used locally for the cure of leprosy. Unof. - Agallochum (ag-a/-o-Kum) [äyá%oxov, the lignum aloes]. Same as Agallocha, or the wood of the tree that produces it; eagle-wood, or aloes-wood. Agalorrhea, or Agalorrhoea (ah-gal-o-re/-a/) [á priv.; yáža, milk; béetv, to flow]. A cessation of the flow of milk. Agamic (a/-gam/-ić) [á priv.; Yáplog, marriage]. I. In biology, not sexual; not pertaining to the sexual relation; asexual reproduction; parthenogenesis. Agamogenesis (ah-gam-o-jen/-es-is) [ä priv.; Yáplog, marriage; yévêqug, generation]. Reproduction without fecundation, as, e.g., by gemmation. See Aartheno- genesis. Agamogenetic (ah-gam-o-jen-et/-ić) [á priv.; Yáuoç, marriage; yévêqug, generation]. Pertaining to Agamo- genes?s. Agamospore (ah-gam/-o-spor) [ä priv.; Yáplog, marriage; atopó, offspring]. In biology, an asexually produced Spore. Aganactesis (ag-an-ak-te/-sis) [äyaváktmouc, physical pain]. Irritation; physical pain or uneasy sensation. Aganoblepharon (ag-an-o-bleſ/-ar-on) [äyavo9%éjapog, mild-eyed]. Adhesion of the eyelids to each other. Agar-agar (a/-gar-a/-gar) [Ceylon]. A kind of glue made from certain sea-weeds, such as Gracilaria Zichenzoides and Gigartina speciosa, used in medicine to make suppositories, and in bacteriological studies to make a solution in which microörganisms are bred or kept. See Gelose. Agaric (ag-ar/-ić) [äyapuków, a fungus employed as tinder by the Agari of Sarmatia]. A fungus of the genus Agaricus, e.g., the mushroom and toadstool. See Agaricus. - Agaricic Acid (ag-ar-is/-ić asſ-id). See Acid, Agaricic. Agaricin (ag-ar/-is-in) [see Agaric], CigH2003 + H2O. A white crystalline substance, the active principle of Agaricus albus. It has proved useful in the night sweats of phthisis where atropia has failed. Dose gr. 35–13. Unof. Agaricus (ag-ar/-ić-us) [see Agaric]. A genus of the family of Agaricini or Mushrooms. A. albus, Purging Agaric, unof., a fungus parasite upon the European Larch; it contains an alkaloid, agaricin, and agaric acid. It is used as a drastic purgative, and is valuable in night sweats. Dose gr. XXX-3.j as a pur- gative; gr. xv in night sweats. A., Ext, Alcohol. Dose gr. iij-vj. A., Ext., Liq. Dose miij-xx. A., Tinct. Dose muzz—gj. The edible species, A. campestris, is characterized by a brownish color, that does not change when cut, and an agreeable taste. A. chirurgorum, Surgeon’s Agaric, a parasitic fungus formerly used for Moxa, Q. v. Soaked in solution of potassium nitrate it forms sºunk. A. mus- carius, Fly Agaric, a poisonous mushroom, containing an alkaloid, Muscarin, q.v., a powerful cardiac depres- sant. Dose of the alkaloid gr. Vá—ij. Muscarine AVitrate, used hypodermatically. Dose gr. To-#. Agaster (ah-gas/-ter) [ä priv.; Yaothp, the stomach]. An animal without a stomach. Agastric (ah-gas/-trik) [ä priv.; Yaothp, the stomach]. Having no intestinal canal, as the tape-worms. Agastronervia (ah-gas-tro-me,”-we-ah) [& priv.; Yaotºp, the stomach; nervus, a nerve or sinew]. See Agas- trometeria. Agastroneuria (ah-gas-tro-nu/-re-ah) ſā priv.; Yaothp, the stomach; veipov, a nerve]. Deficiency in the nerve-stimulus sent to the stomach. 50 AGGLOMERATE Agathin (ag/-ath-in) [äyatóc, good], CºH (OH). CH.- N.N (CH3). CsPIs. Salicyl-alpha-methyl-phenyl-hydra- zone, obtained by the interaction of salicylic aldehyd, and alpha-methyl phenyl-hydrazin. It is a greenish- white, crystalline substance, without odor or taste, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, and melts at 74°C. Used as an anti-neuralgic in doses of eight grains, two or three times daily. Its action is cumulative. Unof. Agave (a-ga/-ve) [äyavá, noble]. A large genus of amaryllidaceous plants, natives of North America. A. americana, American Aloe, the leaves of a plant growing in North America. It is diuretic and anti- syphilitic. Dose of the fla. ext, 3 ss-j. The fresh juice is also similarly employed. The fermented juice, called pulque, is a moderately stimulant drink, very popular in Mexico. Unof. Age (dj) [M. E., age]. The length of time a being has existed; also, a certain stage in life. The period of life is divided into a succession of ages, as follows: I. Infancy, from birth to the appearance of the tem- porary teeth. 2. Childhood, from the cutting of the first permanent teeth to puberty. 3. Youth, from puberty to the attainment of the full stature, that is, 18 or 19 for girls, 21 to 22 for boys. 4. Maturity, covers the interval from youth to the climacteric. 5. Old-age, or period of decline. Other divisions may be made, as, e.g., those of embryonic life, of immaturity, of ma- turity, of sterility, etc. Agenesia (ah-jen-e/-se-ah) [á priv.; yévêqug, generation]. A term somewhat loosely used to designate abnormal or imperfect development. Also impotence and ster- ility. In botany, the asexual development of the flower. - Agenesis (a/-jen/-es-is) [á priv.; yévéotſ, generation]. I. Impotence; barrenness. 2. Incomplete and defect- ive development. - Agenosomus (ah-jen-o-so’-mus) [ä priv.; Yevvāv, to beget; adjua, body]. A variety of single autositic monsters, of the species Celosoma in which there is a lateral or median eventration occupying principally the lower portion of the abdomen, while the genital and urinary organs are either absent or very rudimentary. Agens (a/-jenz) [L.]. An agent. A. Morbi. See AMoróź. - Agent (a/-jent) [agere, to act, to do). A substance or force that by its action effects changes in the human body. Agenus (aj’-en-us) [á priv.; Yévoc, offspring]. lar plants. Agenya (ah-jen/-e-ah) [ä priv.; Yévvc, chin]. Congenital absence of the chin. Agerasia (aj-er-a/-se-ah) [äympaoia, eternal youth]. Vigorous old age; age without its wonted feebleness and decay. Ageusia (ah-gu'-se-ah or ah-ju/-se-ah) [ä priv.; Yevgic, taste]. Abolition of the sense of taste. Ageustia (ah-gūs/-te-ah) ſā priv.; Yevolc, taste]. Same as Ageusia. Agger (aj’-er) [L.]. In anatomy, a pile or mound, A. nasi, an anterior prolongation and elevation of the mucous membrane covering the middle turbinated bone; its direction is almost parallel with the dorsal ridge of the nose, running forward and downward till it reaches very nearly to the anterior aperture of the nostril. A. valvulae venae [?/., Ag/geres valvula/- rum vena/rum], the eminence of a venous valve; a projection within the lumen of a vein at the junction of a valve. Agglomerate (ag-lom/-er-āt) [agglomerare, to wind into a ball]. Grouped or clustered; massed. Crowded into a dense cluster. A. Glands. See Gland. Cellu- AGGLUTINANT 51 AGRIORIGANUM Agglutinant (ag-ſu/-tin-ant) [agglutinare, to paste to]. Agnin (ag/-min) [agnus, a lamb]. A fatty substance Promotive of repair by adhesion; favorable to agglu- tination. Agglutinate (ag-ſu/-än-āt) [agglutinare, to paste to]. In biology, to glue together; to unite by adhesion. Agglutination (ag-/*-ºn-a/-shun), [agglutinare, to glue upon or to]. A joining together; applied to the healing of wounds; it is called immediate, if by the first intention; mediate, if through the intermediation of some natural plastic material. Agglutinative (ag-la/-tin-a-div). [agglutinare, to glue upon or to]. I. Favoring agglutination ; adhesive. 2. Any substance with adhesive properties, fitted to retain the edges of wounds in apposition. Such are caoutchouc, collodion, etc. Aggravation (ag-ra-va/-shun) [aggravare, to make worse]. Increase in severity, as of a disease, symp- tom, or pain. Aggregate (ag/-re-gāt) [ad, to ; gregare, to collect into a ...; Grouped into a mass. A. Glands. See Glazed. Aggregation (ag-re-ga/-shun) [ad, to ; gregare, to col- lect into a flock]. I. The massing of materials together. 2. A congeries or collection of bodies, mostly of such as are similar to each other. Agitation (aſ-it-a/-shun) [agitare, to excite, arouse]. I. Fatiguing restlessness with violent motion ; mental disturbance. 2. A stirring or shaking, as in phar- macy. Aglet, Aiglet (ag/-let, dg/-let) [M. E.]. drooping anther or catkin. Aglia (ag/-le-ah) [L.]. A speck or spot upon the cornea or on the white of the eye. Aglobulia (ah-glo-624/-le-ah) [á priv.; globulus, a glo- bule]. A decrease in the quantity of red blood corpuscles, with corresponding increase of serum. Aglobulism (ah-glob/-u-lézm) [á priv.; globulus, a globule]. Aglobulia ; oligocythemia. Aglobulous (a/k-glob/-tt-ſus) [á priv.; globulus, a glo- bule]. Characterized by aglobulia. Aglossia (ah-glosſ-e-ah) [ä priv.; yżógoa, the tongue]. Congenital absence of the tongue. Aglossostoma (ah-glos-osſ-to-mah) [á priv.; yżóGoa, the tongue; otópta, the mouth]. A fetal monster in which there is a mouth without a tongue. • Aglossus (ah-glosſ-us) [äyżooooc, without a tongue]. A person without a tongue. - Aglutition (ah-g/u-tish/-um) [á priv.; glutire, to swal- low]. Difficulty in swallowing; inability to swallow. Agmatology (ag-mat-o/-0-ſe) [äypióc, a fracture; 26 yog, discourse]. The science or study of fractures. Agmen (ag'-men) [agmen, a multitude]. In biology, a taxonomic group between a class and an order. Agminate (ag’-min-át) [agmen, a multitude]. Aggre- gated, clustered. A. Glands. See Gland, Peyer's. Agnail (ag’-nāl)[A. S., angnaegll. I. Hangnail. 2. A whitlow. 3. A corn on the toe or foot. Agnathia (ag-na/ ... [á priv.; yuáðog, a jaw]. Ab- sence or defective development of the jaws. Agnathus. (ag’-na-thus) [á priv.; yuáffog, a jaw]. A monster with no lower jaw. Agnea, or Agnoea (ag-ne'-ah) [äyvota, want of percep- tion]. . A condition in which the patient does not recognize things or persons. Agnew's Operations. See Operations, Table of Agnew's Rectal Chemise. An appliance for con- trolling hemorrhage from the rectum. It consists of a gum catheter to the end of which are attached three Square pieces of mosquito-netting. These are moist- ened with a solution of the persulphate of iron, and the whole introduced into the rectum, where it acts as a plug. In biology, a derivable from sheep’s wool, unmixed with water; it is harder, darker, and less agreeable in color and odor than lanolin. See Zazzolin and Szeźnt. Agnina Membrana (ag-niº-mah mem-bra'nah) [L.]. “The lamb-like, or woolly, membrane,”—the amnion. Agnus castus (ag/-nus Aas/-tus) [L.]. The chaste tree, Vitex agnus castus; its leaves and seeds were formerly used as a preservative of chastity, and its homeopathic preparations are still exhibited as ana- phrodisiacs. -ago/ga, -agogue [äyoyág, one who leads]. A suffix, denoting agents that drive out other substances, as em- menagogues, lithagogues, etc. Agomphiasis (ah-gom-fi/-as-is) [á priv. ; Youjíoſ, a tooth.J. Same as Agomphosis. Agomphious (a/~gom/ſe-us) [äyóujtoc, Without teeth. Agomphosis (ah-gom-foſ-sis) [ä priv.; youpíoſ, a tooth]. I. Absence of the teeth. 2. A loosening or looseness of the teeth. Agonia (ag-o/-ne-ah) [äyovía, a contest or struggle]. I. Distress of mind; extreme anguish. 2. The death struggle. [äyovog, barren]. Barrenness; sterility; impotence. A. Bark. See Agoriada. Agoniadin (ag-on-º’-ad-in) [äyovog, barren], Cio H1,Os. A glucosid found in Agonia bark, and used as an anti- periodic. - Agonous (ag/-o-mus) [äyovog, unfruitful]. potent. Agony (ag/-o-me) [äyovia, a contest or struggle]. Vio- lent pain; extreme anguish; the death-struggle. Agoraphobia §: . o/-be-ah) [äyopá, a market-place, assembly; $630g, fear]. I. A morbid fear of open places or spaces; kenophobia. 2. Dread of assem- blies; morbid dislike of crowds or of associating with others. Agoriada (ag-o-re-ah/-dah) [Sp.]. The Brazilian tree, Alumieria lancifolia, and its febrifuge bark. Agoriadin (ag-o-ri’-ad-in) [Sp.], Ciołł14Os. A glu- cosid, probably the active principle of Agoriada. -agra [äypa, a seizure]. A Greek word added as a suffix to various roots to denote seizure, severe pain; as podagra, etc. Agrammatism (ah-gram/-at-īzm) [ä priv.; Ypáupua, a word]. A phenomenon of aphasia, consisting in the inability to form words grammatically, or the suppres- sion of certain words of a phrase. See Aphasia. Agraphia (ah-graf’-e-ah) [ä priv.; Ypápetv, to write]. Inability to express ideas by writing. In some cases not a single letter can be formed; in others, words, and a number of words, without meaning, can be written. See Aphasia. A., Musical, pathological loss of the ability to write musical notes. Agraphy (ag/-ra-ſe) [ä priv.; Ypápetv, to write]. as Agraphia. - Agrestial (ag-resſ-de-al) [agrestis, rural]. In biology, growing wild in the fields. Agria (ag/-re-ah) [äyptog, wildj. malignant pustule; herpes. Agrielcosis (ag-re-el-Áo/-sis) [äyptog, wild; 3%kogic, ulceration]. A malignant or uncontrollable ulcera- tion. - Agrimony (ag’-rim-o-me) [äypóc, a field; uðvoc, alone]. The root of Agrimonia eupatoria. A mild astringent. Dose of fid. ext. 3 ss-ij. Unof. Agriopsoria (ag-re-op-so’-re-ah) [äyptog, wild; påpa, toothless]. Barren ; im- Same A pustular eruption; itch]. An incurable or severe attack, or variety, of itch. Agrioriganum (ag-re-o-rig’-am-um) [äyptog, wild; ôptyavov, origanum]. vulgare. Wild Marjoram, Origanum ! w AGRIOTHYMIA Agriothymia (ag-re-o-thim/-e-ah) [ä%ptog, wild; 6vuóg, mind, will]. Maniacal fury; it is variously divided or classed as ambitious, hydrophobic, religious, etc. Agrippa (ah-grip/-a/) [L.]. A person born with the feet foremost. Agromania (ag-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [äypóç, a field; uavia, madness]. A mania for living in the country. Agrostography (ag-ros-tog/-ra-ſe) [äypogtag, conch- grass; Ypáðetv, to write]. See Agrostology. Agrostology (ag-ros-to/-o-ſe) [äypograç, conch-grass; Aéyetv, to speak of]. The botany of grasses. Agrypnetic (a/-grip-met/-ić) [á priv.; ÚTvog, sleep). 1. Sleepless; wakeful. 2. Preventing sleep; agrypnotic. Agrypnia (ah-grip/-ne-ah) [äyptog, restless; itvog, sleepl. Loss of sleep, sleeplessness, Insomnia, g. v. 52 Agrypnocoma (a/-grip-no-ko’-mah) [äypítvog, sleep- - less ; , kópia, coma]. Coma vigil; wakeful lethargy, with low-muttering delirium. Agrypnotic (a/-grip-not'-ić), [á priv.; it voc, sleep). I. Preventing sleep; causing wakefulness. 2. A medicine that prevents sleep. Aguardiente (a/-guar-de-en/-tä) [Sp.]. Ardent spirits; brandy or rum. Ague (a/-gu)[acutus, sharp, acute; Fr., aigu]. Malarial or intermittent fever, characterized by paroxysms, or stages, of chill, fever, and sweating at regularly recur- ring times, and followed by an interval or intermission whose length determines the epithets, quotidian, ter- tian, etc. In some cases there is a double paroxysm, and hence called double quotidian, double tertian, etc. The duration of each paroxysm varies from two to twelve hours. The most frequent and important com- plication of intermittent fever is pneumonia, the con- Solidation occurring very suddenly. In the blood of many malarial patients a minute hematozoan, the /hematomonas malariae, has been found. They are seen in the red corpuscles, are hyaline, and include pigment granules. They gradually increase in size, fill the cell, a process of segmentation occurs, the cell wall breaks down, and the segments, each contain- ing a pigment granule, are set free. These are oval and possess one to three flagella. These bodies dis- appear under the use of quinin. A. Aden. See APengue. A., Brass-founders’, a disease common among brass-founders, characterized by symptoms somewhat resembling an imperfect attack of inter- mittent fever, the recurrence of the paroxyms, however, being irregular. The direct cause is generally thought to be the inhalation of the fumes of deflagrating zinc or “spelter.” A., Brow, intermittent neuralgia of the brow. A. Cake, chronic enlargement of the spleen in diseases of malarial origin. A., Catenating, ague associated with other diseases. A. Drop. See Aozoler’s Solution. A., Dumb, latent ague; masked ague; ague with no well-marked chill, and with at most only partial or slight periodicity. A., Latent, see A., Zumb. A., Leaping, a term for the dancing mania. A., Masked. See A. Dumb. A. Tree, common Sassafras. A. Weed. I. See Grizzde/ia. 2. The Azºpatorium perſo/iatum, or thorough-wort. Agynary (a/-in-a-re) [ä priv.; Yvvá, female]. biology, having no pistil, as a double flower. Agynous (a/-in-tas)[ä priv.; Yvuff, female]. In biology, destitute of female reproductive organs. - Ahypnia (ah-hip'-ne-ah) [ä priv.; it voc, Sleeplessness. Ahypnosis (ah-hiſ-mo/-sis) [ävirvía, sleeplessness]. Entire absence of the capacity to sleep, most marked in insanity. - Aichmophobia (dž-mo-fo/-be-ah) [al:Auff, a spear point; poſłéetv, to fear]. An extravagant dread of sharp or pointed instruments. In sleepj. AIR Aid-Forceps (ād/-for-seps) [Fr., aide; forceps]. A device for making safe and effective traction upon the obstetrical forceps by means of a fillet or tape and a dynamometer. Aidoio- (a-doi/-o). See Faleo-. Aidoiomania (a-doi-o-ma/-ne-ah). Aiglet (äg/-let). See Agaet. Aigret, Aigrette (a/-gret, a-gret/). In biology, same as Agret. Ailanthus (a-lan'-thus) [Malacca, Ailanto, “tree of heaven”]. The bark of A. glandulosa, commonly known as Tree of Heaven. Properties due to an oleoresin and a volatile oil. A nauseant and drastic purgative, constituting an excellent anthelmintic against tape-worm. A., Ext. Fld. Dose m2–3 j. A., Tinct. Dose mux–3 ij. Ailing (ā/-ing) [M. E., eyle]. health ; not well. - Ailment (ā/-ment) [M.E., eyle]. A disease; sickness; complaint; usually used in reference to chronic dis- orders. Aimorrhea (am-or-e'-ah) [alua, blood; bota A bleeding, or hemorrhage. Ainhum (in-yoon/) [negro word, meaning to saw]. A disease in Guinea and Hindostan, peculiar to negroes, in which the little toes are slowly and spontaneously amputated at about the digito-plantar fold. The process is very slow, does not affect other toes or parts, is un- accompanied by any constitutional symptoms, and its cause is unknown. It sometimes attacks the great toe. Called also Dactylolysis spontanea. Air [áñp from Četv, to blow, or breathe]. The chief part of the atmosphere. Atmospheric air consists of a mixture of 77 parts by weight, or 79. I9 by vol- ume, of nitrogen, and 23 parts by weight, or 20.81 by volume, of oxygen, with 3.7 to 6.2 parts by volume of CO, in IO,OOO parts. IOO cubic inches weigh 30,935 grains. The pressure of the air at sea-level is about I4% pounds upon the square inch. A., Alkaline, free or volatile ammonia. A., Azotic, nitrogen. A. Bag. See A. Cushion. A. Bath, therapeutic ex- posure to air that may be heated, condensed, or variously medicated. See Bath. A.-bed, an air- tight, rubber, inflated mattress employed in conditions requiring long confinement to bed. A.-bladder. See A.-vesicle. A. Bubbles, in microscopy, are prepared by heating a drop of thin mucilage. They are useful as a test for central light. In oblique light the bright spot will appear on the side away from the mirror. A.-cell, an air-sac ; an air-vesicle of the pneumonic tissue. A., Complemental, is that that can still be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration. A. Con- duction, a method of testing the hearing-power by means of a watch held at varying distances from the ear, or by the employment of a number of tuning forks of varying pitch. See Bone Conduction. A.- . cure, the therapeutic employment of air. A.-cush- ion. A cushion filled with air; usually made of soft india-rubber. A., Dephlogisticated, an old name for Oxygen. A.-douche. The inflation of the middle ear with air. A.-duct. See Duct. A.- embolism, free air in the blood-vessels during life, or the obstruction due to it. A., Expired, that driven from the lungs in expiration. A., Facti- tious, carbon dioxid. A., Fixed, an old name for carbon dioxid (carbonic acid). A. Hunger. See AXiabetes mellitus. A., Inspired, that taken into the lungs on inspiration. A., Mephitic, carbon dioxid. A.-meter. See Anemometer. A. Passages, the nares, mouth, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes. A., Phlogisticated, nitrogen. A.-pump, an appar- atus for exhausting or compressing air. A., Reserve See Edeomania. Indisposed; out of , a flowing]. AJOWAN or Supplemental, that that can still be exhaled after an ordinary expiration. A., Residual, that remain- ing in the lungs after the most complete expiration possible. A.-sac. See Air-vesicle. A.-space, a space in tissue filled with air or other gases arising from the separation, rupture, or absorption of cells. A., Stationary, that remaining in the lungs during normal respiration. A., Supplemental. See A., A'eserve. A.-tester, an instrument for testing the impurity of the air. A., Tidal, that taken in and given out at each respiration. A.-vesicle, any small air-space, especially the expanded terminal portion of a minute or ultimate bronchial vessel. A., Vital, an old name for Oxygen. See Atmosphere. Ajowan (aſ'-oo-an) [E. Ind.]. Bishop's Weed. The fruit of Ammi copticum. Carminative and antiseptic. It has been recommended in colic, diarrhea, etc. Dose of the fli. ext. mux—xxx. Akamathesia, Akamathesis. See AAEatamathesia. Akanthesthesia (a-Āan-thes-theº-ze-ah) [äkav6a, a thorn; itoffmotg, sensation]. A form of paresthesia or perverted sensation in which there is a feeling as of a sharp point. Akanthion (a-Aam’-the-on). See Acanthion. Akatamathesia (ah-kat-am-ath-e'-ze-ah) [ä priv.; Kara- plóðmotç, understanding]. Inability to understand. Akataphasia (a-Āat-aſ-a/-se-ah). See Acataphasia. Akazga (a-Āaz/-gah) [African]. A poisonous plant of West Africa, probably a Strychnos. Also its bark, and an amorphous extractive derived from it. It is one of the African ordeal poisons and contains akazgin. Akazgin (a-Āaz/-gin) [African]. An alkaloid from akazga, its effects are much like those of strychnia. Akene (a/-en). See Achenium. Akido-galvano-cautery (ak-id-o-gal-van-o-kaw/-te-re) [äkic, needle; Galvani; kavtåptov, a branding-iron]. Galvanic cauterization by the needle electrode. Akidopeirastic (ak-id-o-pi-ras/-tić) [ākh, ēkiç, needle; Telpaorukóc, proving]. Relating to the exploratory puncture of a diseased area by means of a stout needle. Akinesia (ah-kin-e/-se-ah). See Acinesia. Akinesis (ah-kin-e'-sis) [& priv.; kivmatc, quiescence]. Absence or imperfection of movement. Applied to the heart’s diastole and to immotility of the iris; also to any lack of motility, especially when due to some central or cerebral cause. A. Algera, an affection manifested by voluntary abstinence from movement on account of the pain of movement, without any apparent cause of palm. Aknemia (a4-me/-me ah). See Acnemia. Akology (ak-o/-oje). See Aceology. Akral (a4/-ral) [äkpoc, extremel. See Cephalic. Akrokinesis (ak-ro-Ain-e'-sis). "See Acrocinesis. Akromegaly (ak-ro-meg/-a-le). See Acromegalia. Akromikria (ak-ro-mik/-re-ah). See Acromicrio. Akroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi'-tis). See Acroposthitis. Akyanopsia (ah-ki-an-op’-se-ah). See Acyanopsia. A1. The Arabic definite articlé, the, prefixed to many words to designate preéminence, etc., as alkali, alco- hol. In chemical nomenclature it is used as a suffix to denote similarity to or derivation from an aldehyd, as chloral, butyral, etc. Ala (a/-/a/.) [L., a wing: pl., Ale]. A name of Various wing-shaped parts or appendages. In biology, the side petal of a papillonaceous corolla. A. Auris, the pinna of the ear. A. Cinerea, a triangular space of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the brain, probably giving origin to the pneumogastric nerves. A. Majores, I. The greater wings of the sphenoid. See 4āsphenoid: 2. The external labia pudendi. A. Minores. I. The lesser wings of the sphenoid. 2. 53 ALBICATION The labia minora pudendi. A. Nasi, the lateral car- tilage of the nose. A. Pontis. See Ponticulus. A. Pulmonum, the lobes of the lung. A. of Sacrum, the flat triangular surface of bone extending outward from the base of the sacrum, supporting the psoas magnus muscle. A. Vespertilionis, the broad liga- ment of the uterus. A. Vulvae, the labia of the pudendum. Applied also to the armpits, parts of the sphenoid, vomer, etc. Alalia (al-a/-le-ah) [ä priv.; Aa2té, talk]. I. Impaired or lost articulation from paralysis of the muscles of speech or from local laryngeal disease. 2. Aphasia due to a psychic disorder. Alalic (al-a/-ä4) [ä priv.; 2a2a4, talk]. by or pertaining to alalia. Alanin (a/-an-in) [L., aldehyde], CAH, NO, Lac- tamic acid. An organic base obtained by heating aldehyd ammonia with hydrocyanic acid in the pres- ence of an excess of HCl ; it occurs in aggregated hard nodules with a sweetish taste; soluble in five parts of cold water; with more difficulty in alcohol; insoluble in ether. When heated, it commences to char at about 237°; it melts at 255° and then sublimes. Alaninate (al-an/-in-át) [L., aldehyde]. A salt of alanin. A. of Mercury, a crystalline, soluble com- pound of mercury and alanin; antisyphilitic. Dose gr. 3% to 4. Unof. Alan/son's Operation. See Operations, Zable of Alant Camphor. See Helenin. Alantin (al-an/-tin) [Ger., alant, elecampane]. as Inulin. Alantol (al-an/-to!) [Ger., alant, elecampane; oleum, oil], CooH,O. Inulol. An aromatic liquid obtained from elecampane; used like creosote for phthisis. Alar (a/-/ar) [ala, wing]. Winglike. In biology, situated in the forks of a stem. A. Ligaments, lateral synovial folds of the ligament of the knee-joint. A. Odontoid Ligaments, lateral ligaments of the odontoid process. Alares musculi, the pterygoid muscles. Alares venae, superficial veins at the bend of the arm. Alaria ossa, lateral processes of the sphenoid bone. Alaris (al-a/-ris) [ala, wing]. Wing-shaped. See Alar. Alary (a/-/ar-e) [ala, a wing]. In biology, pertaining to wings; wing-shaped. Alate (a/-lät) [ala, a wing]. In biology, winged or having winglike borders or expansions; aliferous; aligerous. Alate-pinnate (a/-läf-pin/-ät) [ala, a wing; pinna, a feather]. In biology, a pinnate leaf having a winged petiole. Alba (a/-bah) [L., “white”]. tissue of the brain and nerves. Albadara (al-bad-a-rah.) [Arabic]. An old name for the basal joint of the great toe. Alban (a/-ban) [albus, white], Clo HisO. A white resin that may be extracted from gutta percha. Albedo (al-be’-do) [L., “whiteness”]. Whiteness. A. retinae, retinal edema. A. unguis, or unguium, the lunula of the nail; the white semilunar place at the root of a finger nail. Albescent (al-bes’-ent) [a/bescere, to become white]. Whitish ; moderately white. Albicans (a/-äe-kang) [albicare, to grow white]. White; whitish. Used as the name of either of the corpora albicantia at the base of the brain. Albicant (a/-be-Åant) [albicare, to be white]. bescenz. Albicantia (al-be-kan'-she-ah) [L.]. Plural of A/hi- cans. See Corpora. Albication (al-be-ka/-shun) [albicare, to be white]. In biology, a growing white. Characterized Same The white fibrous See A/- ALBICOMUS Albicomus (al-be-ko'-mus) [albus, white; coma, hair]. Having white hair. Albiduria (al-bid-tº-re-ah) [albidus, urine]. White urine. Albiflorous (al-bif/o/-rus) [albus, white; ſos, a flower]. In biology, bearing white flowers. Albinism (a/-bin-izm) Albinismus (al-bin-iz'-mus) [albus, white]. Congenital Achroma, Congenital Aleucoderma. That condition of the skin in which there is a congenital absence of pigment unaccom- panied by textural changes in the skin, and involving its entire surface, including the pilary filaments and the choroid coats and irides of the eyes. Usually asso- ciated with nystagmus, photophobia, and astigmatism. Albino (al-bi/-no) [Sp.]. A person affected with al- binism. Also an animal or plant differing from the normally colored members of its kind by being white or colorless. Albinotic (al-bin-of/-īk) [Sp.]. Affected with albinism. Albinuria (al-bin-u/-re-ah) [albus, white; oupeiv, to mic- turate]. I. Chyluria; whiteness of the urine. 2. Al- buminuria. Albizzia (al-bitz/-e-ah) [Ital., Albizzi, a Tuscan proper name]. A genus of leguminous plants. A. anthel- minthica. See Moussena. Albolene (a/-bo-len) [albus, white; oleum, oil]. A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odorless, and not affected by exposure to air or strong acids. It is s form of lanolin, and is used as an application to in- flamed surfaces and for spraying the respiratory pas- Sages. Albuginea (al-bu-jin/-e-ah) [albus, white]. White, or whitish. A. oculi, the sclerotic coat of the eye. A. ovarii, and testis, the tunica albuginea of the ovary and testicle. The spleen, the epididymis, the penis, and the kidneys have each an investment or capsule called albuginea or /unica albuginea. Albugineous (al-bu-jin’-e-us) [a/bus, white]. I. Whit- ish. 2. Resembling the white of an egg. Albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i/-tis) [albus, white; tric, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a tunica albuginea. Albugo (al-bu/-go) [L.]. I. A white spot, as upon the cornea. 2. A whitish, scaly eruption. 3. The white of an egg. Albumen (a/-bu-men or al-bu'-men) [albus, white]. The white of an egg. See Albumin. Albumenoid (al-bu/-men-oid). See A/buminoid. Albumenuria (a/-äu-men-u/-re-a/h). See Album inzeria. Albumimeter %. albus, white; puérpov, measure]. An instrument for determining the quantitive estimation of albumin in urine, or in any compound or mixture. Albumin (a/-buſ-min) [albus, white]. A proteid substance, the chief constituent of the body. Its molecule is highly com- plex and varies widely within certain limits in different organs and conditions. It con- tains approximately the following percent- ages: Carbon 51.5 to 54.5; hydrogen 6.9 to 7.3; nitrogen I5.2 to I7.O; oxygen 20.9 to 23.5; sulphur O.3 to 2. O Its approxi- mate formula is Craſília Nis0,2S. Albumen, white; oipov, white of egg, often called albumin, is H' largely composed of it. Other varieties are H. called after their sources or characteristic ā- reactions, as acid-albumin, alkali-albumin, #. muscle-, serum-, ovum-, vegetable-albu- É min, etc. Normal albumin is the type of a J. group of proteids known as albumins. For Alanºme- the various tests for albumin, see Table of TTER. Tests, under Test. AVative Albumins. See also, Proteids and A. of Bence-Jones, a variety 54 ALBUMINOSE found in pseudo-albuminuria. It does not give a precipitate with an excess of HNOs except on stand- ing, when a coagulum forms that will be redissolved on heating. A., Blood. See Serum-albumin. A., Caseiform, that variety not coagulated by heat, but precipitated by acids. A., Circulating, that found in the fluids of the body. A. Crystals. See Crystal. Zoids. A., Derived, a modification of albumin result- ing from the action of certain chemicals. A., Egg-. See Egg-albumin. A., Muscle-, a variety found in muscle-juice. A., Native, any albumin occurring normally in the organism. A., Organic, that form- ing an integral part of the tissue. A., Serum-. See Serum-albumin. A., Test Solution of, a filtered solution of the white of an egg in Ioo c.c. of dis- tilled water. A., Vegetable, that form that is found in various vegetable juices. Albuminate (al-bu’-min-át) [albus, white]. The com- pound of albumin and certain bases, as albuminate of iron, or of iron and potassium, etc. Albuminaturia (al-bu-min-à-u/-re-ah) [albus, white; oipov, urine]. The abnormal presence of albuminates in the urine. Albuminiferous (al-bu-min-if”-er-us) [albumin, ferre, to bear]. See Albuminiparous. Albuminimeter(al-bu-min-im/-et-er). See Albumimeter. Albuminin (al-bu’-min-in) [albumin]. The non-ni- trogenous substance of the cells that enclose the white of birds' eggs. Albuminiparous (al-bu-min-iº/-ar-us) [albumin, pa- rere, to produce]. Yielding albumin. Albuminogenous (al-bu-min-off’-en-us) [albumin; yevåg, producing]. Producing albumin. Albuminoid (al-buſ-min-oid) [albumin; eiðoc, form]. I. Resembling albumin. Applied to certain com- pounds having many of the characteristics of albumin. 2. Any nitrogenous principle of the class of which normal albumin may be regarded as the type. A. Disease, also spoken of as lardaceous, zvaxy, or amyloid degeneration. A form of degeneration usu- ally affecting simultaneously a number of the viscera, and occurring secondarily to some prečxisting disease. Those viscera most usually the seat of the change are, in the order of frequency, the spleen, liver, kidneys, intestine and lymph glands. The tissues around the capillary vessels are first affected; from these centers it spreads till the whole organ or section presents a pale, glistening, waxy, or bacon-like appearance. This is due to the infiltration of a peculiar proteid substance, lardacein, which, with iodin, gives a deep mahogany brown color, the characteristic test for the disease. The prečxisting trouble is either some chronic suppura- tion, as in bone or joint disease, or some wasting dis- ease like pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis, etc. The only way in which the disease may be arrested is by thorough removal of the cause. Albuminoids (al-buſ-min-oidz) [albumin]. Substances resembling true proteids in their origin and composi- tion. They are amorphous non-crystalline colloids, occurring as organized constituents of the tissues, and also in fluid form. Mucin, Nuclein, Keratin, Fibroin, Spongin, Elastin, Gelatin, Chondrin, etc., are the principal members of the group. Albuminometer (al-bu-min-om/-et-er). 772efe?". Albuminone (al-bu’-min-àn) [albumin]. A principle derivable from certain albuminoids; it is not coagula- ble by heat, and is soluble in alcohol. Albuminorrhea (al-bu-min-or-e'-ah) [albumin, bota, a flow]. Copious abnormal discharge of albumins. Albuminose (al-bu'-min-ás) [albumin]. I. A product of the digestion of fibrin or any albuminoid in very See Albumi- ALBUMINOSIS dilute hydrochloric acid; acid albumin. 2. Albumose, or the product of the digestion of albumin by the gas- tric juice. -- Albuminosis (al-bu-min-o/-sis) [albumin]. Abnormal increase of the albuminous elements in the blood, or the condition that results from such increase. Albuminous (al-bu'-min-us) [albumin]. Containing, or of the nature of an albumin. Albumin-Peptone (a/-bu/-min-pep/-tón). Albuminose (2d deſ.). Albumins (al-bu'-ming). See Alumin, Albuminuria (al-bu-min-u/-re-ah) [albumin, oipov, urine]. The presence in the urine of albumin, a mix- ture of serum-albumin and serum-globulin in various proportions. True albuminuria must be distinguished from the presence of albumin due to an admixture with the urine of blood, pus, or other albuminous fluid. However, even under these circumstances it must be remembered that true albuminuria may be coéxistent. Albumin in the urine may result from a number of causes, e. g., mechanical interference with the renal circulation; from congestion, lesions, and organic diseases of the kidneys themselves; from toxic substances in the blood, such as lead, in which case there is a granular form of nephritis; from changes in the blood due to various diseases, as anemia, purpura, scurvy, and sepsis; in pyrexia; in certain nervous disorders, such as tetanus, delirium tremens, apoplexy, Graves's disease, and epilepsy; in various functional disorders, as dyspepsia, high living, great exertion, etc., and during pregnancy. The etiology of albumin- uria is still undetermined, but it is now recognized that it will be produced by any condition that interferes with the nutrition of the glomeruli or renal epithelium. A. of Adolescence. See A., Cyclic. A., Adven- titious. See A., Pseudo-. A., Cardiac, that due to chronic valvular disease. A., Cyclic, a condition also known as physiological, simple, functional, or tran- sient albuminuria, or the albuminuria of adolescence, in which a small quantity of albumin appears in the urine, especially of the young, at stated times of the day; hence the term “cyclic.” The nature of this phenomenon is not positively known, but it is probably the result of some changes in the renal circulation. A., Dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain forms of food, especially eggs, cheese, and pastry. A., Dyscrasic. See A., Hematogenous. A., False, a mixture of albumin with the urine during its transit through the urinary passages, where it may be derived from blood, pus, or special secretions that contain al- bumin. A., Febrile, that due to fever, or associated with acute infectious diseases, slight changes occurring in the glomeruli without organic lesion. A., Func- tional. See A., Cyclic. A., Gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly people, who secrete a rather dense urine containing an excess of urea. A., Hematogen- ous, that resulting from some abnormal blood-condi- tion, and not due to nephritis. A., Hepatic, that form associated with marked disturbance of the hepatic function, as shown by slight jaundice and vague dys- peptic attacks. A., Intrinsic. See A., True. A., Mixed, the presence of a true- and pseudo-albumin- uria. A., Morbid, that due to any pathological con- dition. A., Nephrogenous, that due to renal disease. A., Neurotic, that due to nervous disorders. A., Paroxysmal. See A., Cyclic. A., Physiological, the presence of albumin in normal urine, without ap- Preciable coèxisting renal lesion or diseased condition of the system. A., Pseudo-, A., Adventitious albu- minuria dependent upon the presence of such fluids as blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid, or the contents of an abscess-cavity, in the urine. A., Simple. See Same as 55 ALCOHOL A., Cyclic. A., Temporary, that lasting but for a short time. A., Tests of. See Zable of Zests, under Test. A., Transient. See A., Cyclic. A., True, A., Antrinsic, that due to the excretion of a portion of the albuminous constituents of the blood with the water and salts of the urine. Albuminuric (al-bu-min-u/-riž) [albumin; oipov, urine]. Associated with, of the nature of, or affected by, albuminuria. A. Retinitis. See Acetimizis. Albuminurorrhea (al-bu-min-u-ror-re/-ah) [albumin; oùpov, urine; boia, a flowing]. See A/ºzemlinuria. Albumose (a/-bu-mós) [albumin]. Any albuminoid substance ranking among the first products of the splitting up of proteids by enzymes, and intermediate between the food-albumins and the typical peptones. According to Kühne there are at least two albumoses, antia/bunose and hemial/atmose. The latter, after the precipitation and filtering off of the para-peptones, e.g., in the peptic digestion of fibrin, yields the following: I. A rotalbumose, soluble in hot and cold water and precipitable by NaCl in excess. 2. Deuteroalbumose, soluble in water, not precipitated by NaCl in excess, unless an acid be added at the same time. 3. Aetero- albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water, soluble in dilute or more concentrated solutions of NaCl, and precipitable from these by excess of the salt. 4. Zys- albumose, same as heteroalbumose, except that it is insoluble in salt solutions. Albumosuria (al-bu-mös-u/-re-ah) [albumose, oupov, urine]. The abnormal presence of an albumose in the urine. Alburnum (al-ber/-num) [L., “ sap-wood”]. In bi- ology, young wood, Sap-wood. Alcahest (a/-ka-hest) [Uncertain derivation]. An old name for the supposed universal solvent, and for a medicine curative of all congestions. A. of Glauber, a crude potassium carbonate derived from the burning of potassium nitrate with hot coals. Alcali (a/-ka-li). See A/kali. Alcaptone (al-kapº-ton). See Aſkaptone. Alcaptonuria (al-kap-tan-u/-re-ah). See Alkaptonuria. Alchemist (a/-kem-ist) [Origin doubtful]. One who practices alchemy. Alchemy (a/-kem-e) [Arab., of doubtful derivation]. The supposed art of the transmutation of metals (into gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases. Mod- ern chemistry is the development of this chimerical medieval dream. Al/cock’s Canal. See Canal. - Alcohol (a/-ko-hol) [al, the ; Koh’?, finely powdered antimony]. Ethyl alcohol, C.H.O. A liquid ob- tained by the distillation of fermented grain or starchy substance. It is used in pharmacy as a sol- vent for resins, and as a base for all tinctures. Com- mercial alcohol contains 91 per cent. of absolute alcohol, with 9 per cent. of water. It is inflammable, colorless, and possesses a pungent odor and burning taste. Sometimes it is used externally as a stimulant lotion. Internally, it is a powerful cerebral excitant; in large doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing muscular incoördination, delirium, and coma. It is a food within the limits of 3 j–3 j per day; its contin- ued use is apt to result in epilepsy, amblyopia, and insanity. In the form of wine, whisky, or brandy, it is valuable in diphtheria, adynamic fevers, and poisoning by cardiac depressants. A., Absolute, spirit containing no water. A., Amyl, C.H.I.O, com- monly known as “Potato Spirit” and “A usel Oil’’; a transparent, colorless liquid. A., Anhydrous, one free from water. A., Aromatic, an alcohol contain- ing phenyl. A., Benzyl, C.HsO, obtained from ben- zaldehyd by the action of sodium amalgam. It is a ALCOHOLATE colorless liquid, with a faint aromatic odor; boils at 2O6°; its sp. gr. at o° is 1.062. It dissolves with difficulty in water, but readily in alcohol and ether. A. deodoratum, deodorized alcohol, containing 92.5 per cent. by weight of ethyl-alcohol and 7.5 per cent. of water. A., Dilute, composed of 41 per cent. by weight of ethyl-alcohol. A., Ethyl. See Alcohol. A. of Fermentation, has a disagreeable odor; boils at I29–130°; occurs in fusel-oil; consists mainly of in- active isobutyl carbinol. A., Methyl, CH, O, known as “Wood Spirit.” A., Phenic. See Acid, Carbolic. Alcoholate (a/-40-hol-āt) [al, the ; Æoh’l, finely pow- dered antimony]. I. A chemical compound, as a salt, into which an alcohol enters as a definite con- stituent. 2. A preparation made with alcohol. Alcoholature (al-ko-hoſ/-at-châr) [al, the ; Áoh’l, finely powdered antimony; Fr. alcoolature]. An alcoholic tincture, especially one prepared with fresh plants. Alcoholic (al-ko-hol/-ić) [al, the ; Áoh’l, finely pow- dered antimony]. I. Pertaining to, containing, or producing alcohol. 2. One addicted to the use of spirituous drinks. A. Radicals, the name applied to the univalent radicals, CAH, Alcoholica (al-ko-hol/-ik-ah) powdered antimony]. rations. Alcoholimeter (al-ko-hol-im/-et-er). See Alcoholometer. Alcoholimetry (al-ko-hol-im/-et-re). See Alcoholome- Żry. w Alcoholism (a/-/*o-hol-izm ) [al, the ; Áoh’ſ, finely powdered antimony]. The morbid results of exces- sive or prolonged use of alcoholic liquors. The term acute A. has been used as a synonym for inebriety. The chronic form is associated with severe lesions or disturbances of the digestive, respiratory, and nervous Systems. Alcoholismus (al-ko-hol-iz'-mus). Syn. of Alcoholism. Alcoholization (al-Áo-hol-iz-a/-shun) [al, the ; Áoh’ſ, finely powdered antimony]. The art or process of alcoholizing; the state of being alcoholized; the pro- duct of the process of alcoholizing. Alcoholize (a/-ko-hol-iz) [al, the ; Áoh'ſ, finely pow- dered antimony]. I. To impregnate with or blend with alcohol. 2. To convert into an alcohol. 3. To reduce to a very subtle powder. Alcoholometer (al-ko-hol-om/-et-er) [alcohol, uérpov, a measure]. A hydrometer or other instrument used in determining the percentage of alcohol in any liquid. Alcoholometry (al-ko-hol-om/-et-re) [alcohol, uétpov, a measure]. The determination of the proportion of alcohol present in any liquid. Alcoholophilia (al-ko-hol-o-ft/-e-ah) [alcohol, pºéeuv, to love]. The appetite for strong drink; a craving for intoxicants. Alcohols (a/-ko-holz) [al, the ; Koh’l, finely pow- dered antimony]. A series of neutral compounds resembling bases exhibiting gradations corresponding to their increase in molecular weight. They are de- rived from the normal hydrocarbons by replacing hy- drogen with the group OH. The lower alcohols are mobile liquids, readily dissolving in water and pos- sessing the characteristic alcohol odor; the intermedi- ate members are more oily, and dissolve with difficulty + 1. ſº, the Roº, finely In pharmacy, alcoholic prepa- in water; while the higher are crystalline solids with-. out odor or taste. The alcohols resemble the fats. Their boiling-points increase gradually (with similar structure) in proportion to the increase of their mo- lecular weights. See Table. A., Diatomic, those formed by replacing two atoms of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon by two molecules of hydroxyl. A., Dibasic. See A., Diatomic. A., Dihydric. See Glycols, and Table of Alcohols. A., Divalent. See ALCOHOLS Glycols. A., Hexahydric, alcohols containing six hydroxyl groups attached to six different carbon atoms. They approach the sugars very closely in their proper- ties, having a very sweet taste, but differ from them in TABLE OF THE ALCOHOLS. I. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. SERIES I.—ALCOHOLs, CnH2n+1.OH, e < - ? § O > {r} § 33 ###| #: > Sº H - Z ; : 5 < : £5 | ###| 3: Z. § fr; 2. 3ā. § A. b. £r. ā-3 O U) O Methyl (Wood Spir- it), . . . . . . CH4O | Liquid. 66° o.796 at 20° e - * o Ethyl, . . . . . . C2H6O Liquid. 78-3° :::::: º *. Propyl, . . . . . . C3H8O Liquid. 97.4° 9.8044 at 20° Butyl, . . . . . . CH16O |Liquid. 116.8° ſo.8099 at 20° Amyl, . . . . . . C5H12O Liquid. 137° o.8168 at 20° Hexyl, . . . . . . C6H140 Liquid. 157° o,819 at 23° Heptyl (Enanthyl), C7H16O Liquid. 175° Octyl, . . . . . . C8H18O Liquid. 190-192°. o.830 at 16° Nonyl, . . . . . . C9H200 Decyl, . . . . . . C10H22O | Solid. 43.5° Undecatyl, . . . . . C11H24O | Solid. . . Dodecatyl, . . . . . C12H26O | Solid. 119° Tridecatyl, . . . . C18H2SO | Solid. Tetradecatyl, . . . . C14H80O | Solid. 167° Pentadecatyl, . . . C15H32O Solid. Hexadecyl (Cetyl), C16H34O | Solid. Heptadecyl, C17H36O | Solid. Octodecyl, C18H38O | Solid. 210° Ceryl (Cerotin), . . C27H56O | Solid. Mellissyl, . . . . . C30H82O | Solid. SERIES 2.—UNSATURATED ALCOHOLs, CnH2n-1.OH. Does not ex- Vinyl, . . . . . . C2H4O ist in the free State. Allyl, . . . . . . . CaFIGO Liquid. 96-97° o.8540 at 20° Crotyl, . . . . . . C4H8O | Liquid. 117–120° SERIEs 3,-UNSATURATED ALCOHOLs, CnH2n-3.OH. Acety- lene Series. Propargyl, . tº & C3H4O |Liquid. 114-115° o.97.15 at 20° The only known alcohol of this series. 2. OF THE AROMATIC OR BENZENE SERIES: SERIES I.-PRIMARY ALCOHOLS. Benzyl, . . . . . . C.HsO Liquid. 206° | 1.062 at o' Tolyl, . . . . . . . Cs H10O Liquid. 212° | 1.033 at 20° Phenyl Propyl, . C9H12O Liquid. 235° Cumin, . . . . . . C10H140 Liquid. 246° ALCOóMETER TABLE OF THE ALCOHOLS.—Continued. SERIES 2.—Divalent (DIHYDR1c) Alcohols. < - ? .# O > ſº # 33 | ###| # > > 7 : . . . ; āş, 3 > < ſº $ 8 3,93. º “. 2. O § 3 ; 33.5 §§ B. a 5 S. O Does not ex- Benzylene-Glycol, C7H8O2 ist in the free State Tollylene(Phthalyl) C3H10O2 Styrolene, - C3H10O2 | Solid. Benzoyl Carbinol, CŞH8O2 | Solid. SERIES 3.-OXY- OR PHENOL. ALCOHOLS. Oxy-benzyl, C7HsO2 | Solid. Anisyl, . . . . . . CH16O. Solid. 259° Piperonyl, C8H8O3 solid. Vanillin, . . . . . C3H10O3 || Solid. Phenyl Glycerol, . CoH12O3 | Solid. Mesicerin, . . . . CoH12O3 Liquid. that they do not reduce an alkaline copper solution and are not fermented by yeast. Moderate oxidation converts them into glucoses, CsPII,Os. They are ob- tained from the latter by the action of sodium amal- gam. A., Monatomic. See A., Monovalent. A., Monohydric. See A., Monovalent. A., Monova- lent (Monohydric), products of the replacement of one atom of hydrogen of the hydrocarbons by the hydroxyl group HO. A., Normal, primary alcohols in which the replacing group possesses normal structure. A., Primary, products of the replacement of one hydro- gen atom in carbinol by alkyls. A., Secondary, products of the replacement of two hydrogen atoms in carbinol by alkyls. A., Tertiary, products of the replacement of all of the three hydrogen atoms of car- binol by alkyls. A., Triatomic, those formed by replacing three atoms of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon by three molecules of hydroxyl. A., Unsaturated, those derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from their hydrocarbons. In addition to the general character of alcohols, they are also capable of directly binding two additional affinities. See Table. Alcoèmeter (al-Áo-om/-et-er). See Alcoholometer. Alcornin (al-kor/-min) [Sp.]. A peculiarly fatty, crys- tallizable substance, supposed to be the active principle of alcornoque. - Alcornoque (al-Áor-no/-kwa) [Sp.]. I. Cork, or the cork-oak. 2. The Alchorned latifolia, a euphorbia. ceous tree of tropical America. Its bark is bitter and tonic, and has been used as a remedy in phthisis. Unof. Aldane (a/-dān) [See Aldehyd]. A chemical com- pound formed by uniting two or more molecules of an aldehyd and removing the aqueous elements. Aldehyd (a/-de-hid) [al, the first syllable of alcohol; dehyd, from dehydratus], C.H.O. Alcohol deprived of two atoms of hydrogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a colorless, limpid liquid, with a characteristic odor. When exposed to the air or to oxygen it is converted into acetic acid. It boils at 208°, and has a sp. gr. * 57 Aldehyds (a/-de-hidz) [See Aldehyd]. ALDEHYDS It is miscible in all proportions with water, ether, and alcohol. Internally it pro- duces intoxication, anesthesia, and asphyxia. The vapor is used in catarrhal congestions and ozena. A., Anisic, CsPIsO, results on oxidizing various essential oils (anise, fennel, etc.) with dilute HNO3. A color- less oil of sp. gr. I.I.23 at I5°, and boiling at 248°. A., Benzoic, C, HsO, the oil of bitter almonds. A., Cinnamic, C, HsO, the chief ingredient of the essential oil of cinnamon and cassia. It is a colorless, aromatic oil, that sinks in water and boils at 247°. A., Formic, is asserted to have extreme value as a microbicide and antiseptic, even its fumes and its solu- tion of one part in 20,000 being destructive to various pathogenic germs. A., Protocatechuic, CsPI3(OH)- (OH).CHO, the parent substance of vanillin and piperonal, prepared from pyrocatechin by the action of chloroform. It dissolves readily in water, forms brilliant crystals, and melts at I50°. A., Salicylic, C.H.(OH).CHO, occurs in the volatile oils of the different varieties of Spirata. It is an oil with an aromatic odor, boiling at I96°, with a sp. gr. at I5° of I. I72; easily soluble in water, and colors the skin an intense yellow. of o.8o09 at O9. Aldehydene (al-de-hi’-den) [aldehyd], C.H. A chemi- cal radicle derived from ethylene. A class of compounds intermediate between alcohols and acids, derived from their corresponding primary.alcohols by the oxidation and removal of two atoms of hydrogen, and converted into acids by the addition of an atom of TABLE OF THE ALDEHYDS. A. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. I. ALDEHYDS OF THE PARAFFIN SERIES, CnH2n(). < - 2. O S C $ O > § à | # É; ; ; ; ; ; ÉÉ < > g = | # 35 | E 5* | g : 2. § : ž £35 | 3&# # 3 ſt à-3 > § | *TS fic Methyl (Formic), . . CH2O Gas Acetaldehyd, . C3H4O Liquid 20.89 ošoº at Ö Propionic, C3H6O Liquid 49° o.8066 at 20° Butyraldehyd, C4HsO Liquid | . . . 750 o.817o at 20° Amyl, . . . . . C5H10O | Liquid Io29 Caproyl, C6H12O Liquid I289 Enanthylic, . . . C7H140 Liquid I53–154° Decatoic - (Capric), . . C10H200 | Solid IOSO (15 mm.) Dodecatylic (Lauric), . . . C12H24O | Solid 44.5° 142° (22 mm.) Tetradecatylic ºrigitalde: yd), . . C14H2SO | Solid 52.5° I680 (22 mm.) Hexdecatylic (Palmitic), C1GHS2O Solid 58.5° 1929 4 (22 mm.) Octaecatylic (Stearaldehyd), Cisłł36O | Solid 63.5° 1929 (22 mm.) ALDEPALMITIC ACID TABLE OF THE ALDEHYDS.–Cozzzzzzzzed. 2. UNSATURATED ALDEHYDs, CnH2n-2 O. < - Z. C) . (`) Ś 9 > {r} 5 §§ àg 5 # 5 § # > > § 5 53.8 5 3.8 || 3 > 2. § ;3 | #3; ºs | #: ſt- #3 ||37'S | **ś 55 Acrylaldehyd, C3H4O Liquid 529 O.84Io at 20° Crotonaldehyd, C4H8O Liquid | . . . [104-105° .933 at O B. OF THE AROMATIC OR BENZENE SERIES. I. MONOVALENT ALDEHYDs. Benzaldehyd, . C7H6O Liquid 1799 I.O50 at 15° Toluic, . . . . . C8H8O Liquid 2069 Phenyl-propyl, CoH10O | Liquid Cumic, . . . . C10H12O | Liquid 235° O.973 at 13° 2. DIALDEHYDS. Phthalaldehyd, CSH8O Liquid Phenyl-lactic, . C9H10O2 3. Oxy-ALDEHYDs. Salicylic, . . . . C7H6O2 | Liquid 1960 I. I72 at 15° Anisic, . . . C8H8O2 | Liquid 2489 I. I23 at 15° Protocatechuic, C7H6O3 Solid 150° Vanillin, . . . . C8H8O3 Solid | 80–819 oxygen. They contain the group COH. They ex- hibit in their properties a gradation similar to that of the alcohols. The lower members are volatile liquids, soluble in water, and have a peculiar odor, but the higher are Solids, insoluble in water, and cannot be distilled without decomposition. See 7able. Aldepalmitic Acid (al-de-pal-mit/-ić asſ-id). Acid, Aſa'epalmitic. Alder (a/-der). See Alnus. A1/derman’s Nerve. See Arnold’s Nerve, in Merve Tab/e. Aldin (a/-din) [see Aldehyd]. An amorphous basic chemical substance, formed from an ammonia com- pound of aldehyd. Several aldins are known. Aldol (a/-dol) [see Aldehyd], C, HsO,. A colorless, odorless liquid, obtained by the action of dilute HCl on crotonaldehyd and acetaldehyd. It is miscible with water, and at O9 has a sp. gr. of I. I2O ; upon standing, it changes to a sticky mass that cannot be poured. Aldoses (a/-do-seg) [see Aldehyd]. The aldehyd al- cohols, containing the atomic group CH(OH). CHO. Aldoxim, or Aldoxime (a/-doks/-īm) [See Aldehyd]. Products of the combination of aldehyds or ketones and free hydroxylamin. They are usually liquid bodies that boil without decomposition. Ale (āl) [A. S., ea/w]. An alcoholic beverage brewed from malt and hops. It contains from three to seven per cent. of alcohol. See Malt Liquors. Aleatico (al-e-a/-tić-0) [It..]. An excellent sweet red wine, prepared in Tuscany, and esteemed one of the best and most delicate stimulants of its class. See 58 ALEZE Alecithal (ah-les/-ith-al) [ä priv.; Askiffog, yolk]. A term applied to certain ova having the food-yolk absent, or present only in very small quantity. Alegar (3/-le-gar) [A. S., ea/w; egar, sour]. Vinegar made of ale. Alembic (al-em/-bié) [Arab., al, the ; āpiśt;, a cup]. A vessel used for distillation. Alembroth (al-em/-broth) [Origin unknown]. An old name for a compound of the chlorid of ammonium and mercury. Its solution has been used of late as an an- tiseptic. Alepidote (ah-left/-e-dot) [a priv.; Aetic, a scale]. Without scales, as certain fishes. . Aleppo Boil, Button, Evil, Pustule, or Ulcer. Aurunculus orientalis. • Aletrin (a/-et-rin). See Aletris. Aletris (a/-et-ris). Star Grass, Unicorn Root, Star- wort, Colic Root. The root of A. farinosa. Tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic. Formerly a popular do- mestic remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic rheuma- tism. Dose of flá, ext, mux-xxx; of tincture (1 in 8 proof spirit) 3 i-ij; of aletrin, the extractive, gr. %—iv. A. Cordial. Dose 3.j three times daily. Unof. Aleukemia (ah'-lu-ke/-me-ah) [á priv.; Wevkóg, white; alua, blood]. Deficiency in the proportion of white cells in the blood. Aleurometer (al-u-rom/-et-er) [äWevpov, flour; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument used for the examination of crude gluten as to its power of distending under the influence of heat, as a means of judging of the value of a flour for bread-making. A similar instrument, termed an aleuroscope, has also been invented. Aleuronat (al-u/-ro-mat) [äževpov, flour]. A vegetable albumin used as a substitute for bread in cases of dia- betes. Aleurone (al-u/-ran) [ääevpov, fine flour]. Proteid matter in the form of small rounded particles, found in seeds. Aleuroscope (al-u/-ro-séðp) [áževpov, flour; okotreiv, to view]. See Aleurometer. Alexander-Adam's Operation. Table of. Alexanderism (al-eks-an/-der-izm) [Alexander]. The insanity of conquest; agriothymia ambitiosa. Alexander's Operation. See Operations, Table of Alexeteric (al-eks-e-ter/-ić) [ážešmthp, defender]. Good against poison, venom, or infection. Alexia (a/-ečs/-e-ah) [ä priv.; Aé:tº, word]. Word- blindness. A form of aphasia and a special type of psychical blindness, in which the patient is unable to recognize ordinary written or printed characters. A., Musical, musical blindness; pathological loss of the ability to read music. Alexifer (al-eks/-iſ-er) [äWe;4, help ; påpelv, to bear]. A remedy or object that serves as an amulet or antidote against poison. - Alexin (al-eks/-īn) [äžešac, help]. I. Any defensive proteid; any phylaxin or sozin. 2. An antibacterial substance found by Hankin in the blood of certain animals and giving immunity to certain toxins, 3. A synonym for Tuberculocidin. Alexipharmac, or Alexipharmic (al-eks-e-far/-mak, or -mié) [ä%éčeiv, to repel; páppiakov, a poison]. A medicine neutralizing a poison. Alexipharmacon (al-eks-e-far/-mak-on) [ä%éšeuv, to re- pel; pāppakov, a poison]. Any alexipharmac medicine. Alexipyretic (al-eks-e-pi-ret/-īk) [áñéew, to ward off; Twperóg, a fever]. A febrifuge. Alexiteric (al-eks-e-ter/-i}). See Alexeteric. Aleze (ah-lez) [Fr., aleze]. A cloth to protect the bed from becoming soiled by excreta, etc. See See Operations, ALFONSIN Alfonsin (al-ſon/-sin) [from Alfonso Ferri, a sixteenth century surgeon]. An old form of bullet extractor. Algae (a/-je) [alga, a seaweed]. A group of acotyle- donous plants, of simple vegetable construction, living mostly in the water. Algaroth (a/-gar-off) [It., Aſgarotti, the Veronese physician]. Oxychlorid of antimony. Algedo (alºje’-do) [äAymóðv, pain]. Severe pain in the generative organs and extending to the urinary organs, sometimes arising from a sudden stoppage of gonor- rhea. Algefacient (al-je-ſa/-shent) [a/gere, to be cool; facere, to make]. Cooling. Algeinuresis (al-jin-u-re/-sis) [äWyeiv, to feel pain; otpmoag, urination]. Painful urination. Algera, or Algeros (a/fe/-rah, or -ros) [äAympóg, pain- ful]. Painful; characterized by pain. Algesia (alje/-ze-ah) [äWymouc, pain]. Pain; suffering. Algesichronometer (al-je-ze-Åro-nom/-et-er) [äAymouſ, pain; agóvog, time; uérpov, a measure]. An instru- ment used to note the lapse of time before a nerve center responds to a painful stimulus. - Algesimeter (al-ſes-im/-et-er) [äWymouc, pain; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining the acuteness of the sense of pain. Algesis (al-je/-sis). See Agesia. Algesthesis, or Algaesthesis (a/jes-theſ-sis) [äAyoc, pain; aioffmotº, feeling]. The perception of pain; any painful disease. Algetic (al-jet/-ä) [ääyeiv, to have pain]. Pertaining to, or producing, pain. -algia (a/-je-ah) [äAyoc, pain]. pain, as odontalgia, neuralgia, etc. Algid (a/-jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold, chilly. A. Fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, with great coldness of the surface of the body. A. Cholera, Asiatic cholera. Algin (a/-jin) [alga, a seaweed]. Alginic acid; a gummy substance derivable from seaweeds and form- ing a good substitute for gum arabic. Algology (al-go!-6-ji) [alga, a seaweed; Aéyetv, speak]. That department of botany treating of algae, phy- cology. Algometer (al-gom/-et-er) [äAyoc, pain; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for testing the sensibility of a part to pain. Algometry (al-gom/-et-re) [3%Yog, pain; uérpov, a measure]. The testing of pain. Algophobia (al-go-fo/-be-ah) [äAyoc, pain; pó80g, dread]. Unreasonable or morbid dread of pain. Algophobic (al-go-fo/-bié) [äAyoc, pain; $630g, dread]. Characterized by algophobia. Algophobist (al-go-fo/-bist) [äAyoc, pain; ©680c, dread]. One who morbidly dreads pain. Algor (a/~gor) [L.]. A sense of chilliness or coldness. A. Progressivus. Syn. of Scleroderma Meonatorum. Algos (a/~gos) [áAyoc, pain]. Pain; a painful disease, or attack. Algosis (alºgo/-sis) . [alga, seaweed]. of disease by certain plants, as algae. Algospasm (al-go-spasm) [äAyoc, pain; oraopóc, spasm]. Painful spasm or cramp. Al’ibert’s Ke/loid. See Keloid and Diseases, Table of Alibility (a/-iö-i/-e-te) [alibilis, nutritive]. Availabil- ity of a nutritious substance for absorption and assimi- lation. Alible (a/-ī-b/) [alibilis, nutritive]. Nutritive; absorb- able and assimilable. Alicant (a/-ić-ant) [from Alicante, in Spain]. strong, sweet, and dark-colored Spanish wine. Alices (a/-is-ez) [L.]. Red spots preceding the pustu- lation in smallpox. A suffix denoting The causation A 59 ALIMENTIVITY. Alienation (āl-yen-a/-shun) [alienatio, alienare, to withdraw]. Mental derangement, insanity. Alienist (a/-yen-ist) [alienare, to withdraw]. One who treats mental diseases; a specialist in the treatment of insanity. Aliethmoid ſº [ala, a wing; #646g, a strainer]. In birds, the wing of the ethmoidal por- tion of the orbito-nasal cartilage. Aliferous (al-if”-er-us) [ala, a wing; ferre, to bear]. Winged; alate ; aligerous. Aliform (a/-if-orm) [ala, wing; forma, shape). Wing- shaped. A. Process, the wing of the sphenoid. See Alisphenoid. Aliformes musculi (al-if-or/-mez mus/-Au-li). The aliform or wing-shaped muscles; the pterygoid muscles. Aligerous (a/-ij/-er-us) [ala, wing ; gerere, to bear]. Having wings; alate; aliferous. Aliment (a/-im-ent) [alimentum, from alimentare, to nourish]. Nourishment, food. A substance that, acted upon by the digestive and assimilative organs, yields the sources and repairs the losses of heat, force, or the tissues of the body. Alimentary (al-im-en’-ta-re) [alimentum, from alimen- fare, to nourish]. Nourishing. A. Bolus, the food after mastication and just prior to swallowing. A. Canal, Duct, System, or Tube, the digestive tube from the lips to the anus, with its accessory glands. Alimentation (al-im-en-ta/-shum) [alimentare, to nour- ish]. The process of the reception and conversion of food into material fit for nourishment. A., Rectal, the nourishing of a patient by the administration of small quantities of concentrated food through the rec- tum. There are many formulae for these nutritious enemata, the most important of which are the fol- lowing: I. Zeube's Pancreatic-meat Emulsion.— “For rectal alimentation: chop five ounces of finely- scraped meat still finer, add to it one and a-half ounces of finely-chopped pancreas, free from fat, and then three ounces of lukewarm water; stir to the con- sistence of a thick pulp. Give at one time, care being taken to wash out the rectum with water about an hour before.” 2. Mayet’s Formula.—“Fresh ox-pancreas I5O to 200 grams; lean meat 400 to 500 grams. Bruise the pancreas in a mortar with water at a tem- perature of 37° C., and strain through a cloth. Chop the meat and mix thoroughly with the strained fluid, after separating all the fat and tendinous portions. Add the yolk of one egg, let stand for two hours, and administer at the same temperature, after having cleansed the rectum with an injection of oil. This quantity is sufficient for 24 hours’. nourishment, and should be administered in two doses.” 3. Atennie’s Formula.-‘‘Add to a bowl of good beef-tea one-half pound of lean, raw beefsteak pulled into shreds. At 99° F. add one drachm of fresh pepsin and one-half drachm of dilute HCl. Place the mixture before the fire and let it remain for four hours, stirring frequently. The heat must not be too great, or the artificial diges- tive process will be stopped altogether. It is better to have the mixture too cold than too hot. If alcohol is to be given it should be added at the last moment. Eggs may also be added, but should be previously well beaten.” 4. Peaslee’s Formula.—“Crush or grind a pound of beef-muscle fine; then add one pint of cold water; allow it to macerate 40 minutes, and then gradually raise it to the boiling point; allow it to boil for two minutes—no more—and then strain.” 5. Flint's Mixture. —“Milk 5 iſ, whisky 3 ss, to which add half an egg.” Alimentivity (a/-im-en-tiv/-ī-ſe) [alimentare, to nour- ish]. The instinct that impels the animal organism to take food or nourishment. ALINASAL Alinasal (al-in-aſ-sal) [ala, a wing; masus, the nose]. Pertaining to the ala nasi, or wing of the nose. Aliped (a/-ip-ed) [ala, a wing; pes, a foot]. Charac- terized by having the fingers Ór toes connected by a membrane, for purposes of flight. Aliptic (al-iº/-tić) [ääetirrukóg]. I. Relating to inunc- tion. 2. Gymnastic; pertaining to physical culture. Alisma (al-iº/-mah) [ä%topia, plantain]. A genus of endogenous plants. A. plantago, or water plantain, has pungent, acrid qualities, and is used as a diuretic and stimulant. Unof. Alismin (al-iz'-min) [äAtopia, plantain]. An extractive or precipitate, obtained from the tincture of Alisma f/antago. Alisphenoid (al-is-ſeſ-noid) [ala, a wing; oftv, a wedge; eiðoç, form]. I. Pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. 2. That bone which in adult life forms the main portion of the greater wing of the sphenoid. Alizarin §3. -rin) [Arab., al, the ; dicărah, to ex- tract], C14HsOt. The red coloring principle occur- ing in the madder plant, Æubia tinctorium, and in anthracene, a coal-tar product. It occurs in red pris- matic crystals, readily soluble in ether and alcohol. The alizarins form a group of the anthracene colors. See Conspectus of Pigments under Pigment. A. Blue, a crystalline blue coloring matter formed by heating nitroalizarin in combination with H,SO, and glycerin. A. Red, a pale flesh-color used in dyeing. Alkahest (a/-ka-hest). Same as Alcahest. Alkalescence (al-ka-lesſ-ens) [Arab., al-qali, soda- ash]... Slight or commencing alkalinity; alkaline quality or tendency. Alkalescent (al-ka-lesſ-ent) [Arab., al-Qali, soda-ash]. Somewhat alkaline; mildly alkaline. Alkali (a/-ka-li) [Arab., al-gali, soda-ash J. The term includes the hydrated oxids of the alkali metals; these are electro-positive, are strong bases, uniting with acids to form salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify fats. A., Caustic (usually potash), when so concentrated as to possess caustic properties; potash and soda are called fixed alkalies, because perma- nently solid; soda is called a mineral, potash a vege- table, and ammonia a volatile alkali. Alkali-albumin (a/-ka-li-al-buſ-min). A derived al- bumin; a proteid having been acted upon by dilute alkalies and yielding an alkaline reaction. Alkaligenous (al-ka-Mły-en-us) [a/Kali, Yevåg, produ- cing]. Affording or producing an alkali. Alkalimeter (al-ka-dim/-et-er) [alkali ; piétpov, a mea- sure]. An instrument for estimating the alkali in a substance. Alkalimetry (al-ka-lim/-et-re) [alºali ; piétpov, a mea- sure]. The measurement of the amount of an alkali in a substance. Alkaline (a/-ka-lin) [al/a/. J. Having the qualities of or pertaining to an alkali. A. Bath. See Aath. A. Copper Test. See Tests, Table of A. Tide. See Złde. Alkalinity (al-ka-lin/-it-e) [alkali J. being alkaline. Alkalinuria (al-ka-lin-u/-re-ah) [alkali, oipov, urine]. Alkalinity of the urine. Alkalization (al-ka-li-za/-shum) [alkali I. The act of rendering a thing alkaline; the state or quality of being rendered alkaline. Alkaloid (a/-ka-loid) [alkali ; elóoc, likeness]. Resem- bling an alkali. Alkaloidal (al-ka-loid/-al) [alkali ; elóoç, likeness]. Having the qualities of an alkaloid. Alkaloids (a/-ka-loidz) [alkali, eiðoc, likeness]. All nitrogenous vegetable compounds of basic and alka- The quality of 60 ALLANTOID line character, or their derivatives, from which bases may be isolated. They are chief constituents of the active principles of the vegetable drugs employed as medicines or poisons. Those alkaloids containing no oxygen are generally liquid and volatile; such are nicotin and conein. The others are solid, crystalliza- ble, and non-volatile. A., Putrefactive. See Pto- 7/2a2zzes. Alkaluretic (al-ka-lu-ret/-ić) [alkali; otpov, urine]. Causing or tending to cause a flow of alkaline urine. Alkanet (a/-kan-et), [Sp., dim, of alcaña, henna]. The root of the herb, Alkanna (Anchusa) tinctoria, yielding a red dye that is used in staining wood, color- ing adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to give a red color to salves, etc. Alkan/na Red. . See Aléannin. Alkannin (a/-kan-in) [Sp., dim. of alcaña, henna]. Alkanna red; a valuable coloring matter obtained from alkanet. It is a dark, brownish-red, resinous mass, or powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether, neutral in reaction. Alkapton (al-kap/-ton). A yellowish resinous body occa- sionally found in urine, which on exposure to air acquires a brownish tint. It does not ferment and does not reduce bismuth like glucose, though it throws down a somewhat brownish mass. It is highly soluble in water, but only sparingly in ether. Alkaptonuria (al-kap-ton-u/-re-ah) [alkapton, oipov, urine]. The presence of alkapton in the urine. It has been found in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and in other instances in which there are no local lesions or general disease. It is without clinical significance. Alkarsin (al-kar’-sin) [alcohol, arsenic]. Cadet's Fuming Liquid; an extremely poisonous liquid con- taining cacodyl. It is of a brown color, and on exposure to the air ignites spontaneously. Alkophyr (a/-ko-fir). Brücke's name for a variety of peptone soluble in alcohol. Alkoxid (al-Aoks/-īd) [alcohol, oxid J. A chemical compound formed by the union of an alcohol with a metallic base. *. Alkylogens (al-ki/-o-jenz). See Esters, Haloid. Alkyls (a/-ki/2) [a/kali]. The name applied to the univalent alcohol radicals, CnH2n + 1 ; methyl, ethyl, etc., are alkyls. Alkyl-sulphids (a/-kil-su/-fids). Thio-ethers. Sulphur analogues of the ethers. They are colorless liquids, mostly insoluble in water and possessing a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. . Allagostemonous (al-ag-o-ste/-mon-us) [ä2%ayń, change; othpaw, a thread or stamen]. In botany, the alternate insertion of the stamens on the receptacle and corolla. Allamanda (al-am-an/-dah) [Allamand, a Swiss scientist]. A genus of apocynaceous climbing shrubs of tropical America. A. cathartica is diaphoretic, emetic, cathartic, and refrigerant. Unof. Allantiasis (al-an-tū/-as-is) [ä2%aç, a sausage]. Sausage poisoning, due to putrefactive changes in imperfectly cured sausages, or in those made from bad materials. Allantoic (al-an-to/-ä) [äWAäç, a sausage; elóog, resem- blance]. Pertaining to the allantois. A. Parasite, a form of autosite in which the weaker fetus forms anastomoses with the allantoic or placental circulation of the stronger, thus becoming directly dependent for its nutrition upon the circulation of the latter. It is characterized by a partial or complete disappearance of the heart of the parasite. Allantoid (al-an/-toid) [äWAåg, sausage; eldog, resem- blance]. I. Resembling or like a sausage. 2. Rela- ting to the allantois. ALLANTOIDIAN Allantoidian (al-an-toid/-e-an) [ä%áç, a sausage; eldog, º Any animal which in its fetal condi- tion possesses an allantois. Allantoin (al-an/-to-in) [ä%ic, a sausage, eldog, resem- blance], C, HGN,Os. A crystalline substance occurring in traces in normal urine, and prepared from uric acid by oxidation processes. Also the characteristic con- stituent of the allantoic fluid, and likewise found in fetal urine and amniotic fluid. It crystallizes in small, shining, colorless, hexagonal prisms, soluble readily in hot water. It reduces Fehling's Solution on pro- longed boiling. Allantois (al-an/-to-is) [ä%áç, a sausage; elóog, resem- blance]. One of the fetal appendages or membranes, derived from the mesoblastic and hypoblastic layers. Its function is to convey the blood-vessels to the chorion. The lower part finally becomes the bladder, the rest, the urachus. Allantotoxicon (al-an-to-toks/-ić-on) [ä%äç, a sausage; rošticóv, a poison]. A name applied to a poisonous substance, probably a ptomaine, that develops during the putrefactive fermentation of sausage, especially that made of blood and liver. Allarton's Operation. See Operations, 7 able of. Allassotonic (al-as-o-ton/-i}) [ä%ággety, to vary; Tóvoc, tension]. In biology, a term applied to the transient movements produced by stimulation, in mature plant organs; opposite of Auxotonic, Allen’s Closet. See Sewage, Disposal of A. Tests. See Tests, Table of - Allenthesis (al-en/-the-sis) [ä%0g, other; Śvēeotc, insertion]. The presence or the introduction of foreign bodies into the organism. Allentheton (a/-en’-the-ton) [äWAoç, other; £v6eotc, insertion]. A foreign body present in the organism. Alleorgan, or Alloeorgan (a/-e-or/-gan) [ä%20log, of another sort; 6pyavov, organ]. Same as Alloplast. Alleosis, or Alloeosis (al-e-o/-sis) [ääWotoguc, change]. 1. Change; alterative effect; recovery from illness. 2. Mental disorder. Alleotic, or Alloeotic (al-e-of/-ić) [äWºotoolſ, change]. Alterative. Allepigamic (al-eff-ig-am/-īk) [ä%0g, other; &ti, upon; yaulkóg, relating to marriage]. In biology, a term applied by Poulton to the colored foreign objects dis- played by certain animals during courtship, as by the bower birds. Allesthesia (al-es-the-se-ah) [ä%20c, other; aloffmaug, feeling]. Same as Allochiria. Allevation (al-e-va/-shun) [ad, to ; levare, to lift up]. I. The relief of pain. 2. The raising or lifting of a patient from the bed or from the reclining posture. Alleviation (al-e-ve-a/-shun) [alleviatus, ad, to ; levare, lift up]. The relief or palliation of pain. Alleviative (al-e'-ve-a-tiv) [allevare, to lighten]. I. Tending to mitigate or relieve pain. 2. A remedy for the relief of pain. Alleviator (al-e'-ve-a-tor) [allevare, to lighten]. A device for raising or lifting a sick person from the bed. Allex (a/-eks) [L.]. Same as Hallux. Allheal (awl-hel') [A. S., all; haelam, to heal]. The officinal valerian, Paleriana officinalis; also the plant Stachys palustris. Alliaceous (al-e-a/ -shus) [allium, garlic]. garlic or pertaining to the same. Alligator-forceps (al’-e-ga-for-for-seps). A surgeons' toothed forceps, one of the jaws of which works with a double lever. Alligator Pear (a/-e-ga-tor pār). gratissima, or Avocado Pear. A Mexican remedy for intercostal neuralgia, and internally, an anthelmintic (?). Dose, internally, of the flá, ext. muxxx-3.j. Resembling The seeds of Persea. ALLOPHEMY Allingham's Operations. See Operations, Table of Allingham's Rectal Plug. An appliance for controll. ing hemorrhage from the rectum. Allis's Inhaler. See Anesthetic. Allis's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of Alliteration (a/-it-er-a/-shum) [ad, to ; litera, letter]. A form of dysphrasia in which the patient arranges his words according to the sound. Allium (a/-e-um) [L.]. Garlic. The bulb of A. sativum. Contains a pungent volatile oil (allyl sul- phid), that is found also in the leek and the onion. The tubers are used both as a food and as a condiment, and are stimulants to digestion. A. cepa, the common onion, and A. porrum, the leek, have similar qualities. A., Syr., contains, fresh garlic 20, sugar 80, dil. acetic acid q. S. Dose 3.j-3 iv. Allochetia (al-o-ke/-te-ah). Same as Allochezia. Allochezia (al-o-ke/-2e-a/.) [ä%20c, other; 2&eav, to desire to go to stool]. I. The passage of feces from the body through an abnormal opening. 2. The passing of non-fecal matter from the bowels. Allochiria (al-o-ki’-re-a/.) [ä%0ç, other; Xeip, hand]. An infrequent tabetic symptom, in which, if one ex- tremity be pricked, the patient locates the sensation in the corresponding member of the other side. Allochroic (al-lo-Aro/-ä) [ä%20g, another; color]. Of changeable or diversified color. Allochromasia (al-o-Aro-ma/.2e-ah) [ä%0ç, other; 2:pāua, color]. Color-blindness. Allochromatic (al-o-Aro-mat/-ié) [ä%Woç, other; Apôpia, color]. Of a changeable color. Allocinetic (al-o-sin-et/-ić). See Alloéinetic. Allocryptic (al-o-Arip/-tić) [ä%0c, other; Kovrtóc, hidden]. In biology, a term applied by Poulton to mimetic coloration in animals produced by covering themselves with foreign objects. Alloeosis (al-e-of-sis). See Alleosis. Alloeotic (a/-e-of/-i}). See Alleotic. Allogamy (a/-og’-am-e) [ä%20c, other; Yápoc, marriage]. In biology, cross fertilization. Alloisomerism (al-o-i-som/-er-izm) [ä% oç, other; loopiepāg, having equal parts]. The application of the same structural formula to many different compounds; a variety of isomerism. Allokinetic (al-o-Ain-et/-ić) [ä%20c, other; kivma/c, motion]. Moved or set in motion by external impres- sions or forces; not autokinetic. Allolalia (al-o-la/-le-ah) [ä220c, other; Wažeiv, to speak]. Any perversion of the faculty of speech. Allolalic (al-o-la/-ä) [ä%20g, other; Aažeiv, to speak]. Affected with allolalia. Allomerism (a/-om/-er-ism) [ä%20g, other; gépoc, shapel. In chemistry, the property of retaining a con- stant crystalline form while the chemical constituents present, or their proportions, vary. Allomorphism (al-o-morf/-īzm) [ä%20g, other; uoppi, shapel. The property possessed by certain substances of assuming a different form while remaining un- changed in constitution. Allopathy (a/-op/-a-the) [ä2%oç, other; Táffog, affection]. According to Hahnemann, the inventor of the term, that method of the treatment of disease consisting in the use of medicines the action of which upon the body in health produces morbid phenomena different from those of the disease treated. Opposed to homeo- pathy. It need hardly be said that modern scientific medicine is based upon no such theory, or definition, as that supplied by homeopathy. See Regular. Allophasis (al-off’-as-is) [äWWoç, other; páotç, speech], Incoherency of speech; delirium. Allophemy (a/-off’-e-me) [äääog, other; ºfflu, to speak]. See Heterophemy. Apóſta, \ ALLOPLAST Alloplast (a/-o-plast) [äWAoç, other; TAaotóç, form, mold]. In biology, a plastid composed of several tissues; the opposite of homoplast. Allorrhythmia (al-or-ith/-me-ah) [ä220c, other; buffudg, rhythm). Variation in interval of the pulse. See Aulse, A’ze/sus, and Cardiac Áhythm. Allosematic (al-o-sem/-at-iā) [äWàoc, other; oftua, a sign, mark, or significant character]. Applied to coloration which enables an animal to associate itself with some large or dangerous animal. Allosteatodes (al-o-ste-at-o’-dez) [ä%20c, other; great- 60mg, fat-like]. Marked by perversion or morbidity of the Sebaceous secretion. Allotoxin (al-o-toks/-īn) [äWWoç, other; Tošikóv, poison]. Any substance, produced by tissue metamorphosis within the organism, that tends to shield the body by destroying microbes or toxins that are inimical to it. Allotriodontia (al-of-re-o-dom/-she-ah) [ä%órptoº, strange; 600íg, tooth]. I. The transplanting of teeth from one person to another. 2. The existence of teeth in abnormal situations, as in tumors. Allotrioecrisis (al-of-re-o-ek/-ris-is) [á%Tptog, strange; ëKºptotſ, excretion]. The discharge or elimination of foreign matters with the excretions. Allotriogeusia (al-of-re-o-'gu'-se-ah). ogezastia. Allotriogeustia (al-of-re-o-gūs/-te-ah) [ä%ótpuog, strange ; Yevotº, taste]. Perversion of the sense of taste; abnormality of the appetite. Allotriolithiasis (al-of-re-o-'ith-ā’-as-is) [äWAórptoc, strange; Aibog, a stone]. The formation or existence of a calculus of unusual material, or composed entirely or in part of a foreign body. Allotriophagy (al-of-re-off’-a-je) [ä%óTptog, strange; (payeiv, to eat]. Depraved or unnatural appetite. Allotriotexis (al-of-re-o-teks/-īs) [ä2%Tptog, strange; Těšig, birth]. I. Abnormality in delivery. 2. The birth or delivery of a monstrosity. Allotriuria (al-of-re-u/-re-ah) [äWAórptoº, strange; oùpov, urine]. Abnormality of the urine. Allotrope (a/-o-tróő) [ä%0ç, different; Tpottà, a change]. One of the forms in which an element capable of assuming different forms may appear. Allotrophic (al-o-trof'-ić) [ä%0ç, other; Tpopff, nour- ishment]. Having perverted or modified characters as a nutrient. - Allotropism (al-off’-ro-pizm) [äWWoç, other; TpóToç, method]. I. The term expresses the fact of certain elements existing in two or more conditions with differences of physical properties. Thus carbon illus- trates allotropism by existing in the forms of charcoal, plumbago, and the diamond. See /someric. 2. Appearance in an unusual or abnormal form. Allotropy (a/-of/-ro-pe). Allotropism. Allotrylic º -:4) [ä%óTotoc, foreign; 5%m, prin- ciple]. Due to the presence of a foreign principle or material ; enthetic. A. Affections, morbid states caused by the lodgment of foreign substances in the organism. The foreign substance may be animate or inanimate, organic or inorganic. Alloxan (al-oks’-an) [allantoin, oxalic], C.H.N.O. The ureid of mesoxalic acid; it is produced by the careful oxidation of uric acid, or alloxantin with nitric acid or chlorin and bromin. It appears in long, shining, rhombic prisms, easily soluble in water, with a very acid reaction, and possessing a disagreeable taste. The solution placed on the skin slowly stains it a purple red. It occurs in the intestinal mucus in cases of diarrhea. Alloxanic Acid (al-oks-an/-ić). See Acid. Alloxantin (al-oks-an/-tin) [allantoin, oxalic], CsPI- N.O., -i- a H.O. A substance obtained by reducing Same as Allotri- ALOCHIA alloxan with SnCl, zinc and HCl, or H.S in the cold. It occurs in small, hard, colorless prisms that turn red in air containing ammonia. Its solution has an acid reaction. Alloy (al-oi/) [from the French word aloi, a contraction of a Za lot]. I. A compound of two or more metals by fusion. See Gold Plate and Gold Solder. 2. The least valuable of two or more metals that are fused together. Allozoöid (al-o-zo’-oid) [äWAog, other; Cooetó%g, like an animal]. In zoölogy, a zoöid differing from the organism producing it. Allspice (aw/-spis). See Pimenta, and Florida Al/. space. Allure (al-ur’). Synonym of Influenza. Allyl (a/-il) [5%m, matter], C.Hs. A non-saturated univalent alcohol-radical of the oils obtained from alliaceous plants. It does not exist in the free state. A. Alcohol, CsPIs HO, a colorless inflammable liquid, with pungent odor, boiling at 97° C. A. Aldehyd, CsII.O, a syn. of Acrolein. A. Cyanid. See Sinamin. A. Mustard Oil, CS.N.C, H, Allyl thio- carbimid. The principal constituent of ordinary mus- tard oil. It is a liquid not readily dissolved by water; boils at 150.7°; at Io9, it has a sp. gr. of I.OI7; it has a pungent odor and vesicates the skin. A. sulphid, (CaFIs),S, the essential oil of garlic. A. thiocarbinid. See A. Musſard Oil. A. tribromid, CsPIs Bra, a colorless liquid used as an antispasmodic. Dose, five drops. Unof. Allylamin (al-i/-am-ºn) [5%m, matter; ammonia], NH3(CHs). Ammonia in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by allyl. It is a sharply caustic mobile liquid. Allylin (al-i/-īn) [än, matter], CsPI,Os. Monoallyl ether, produced by heating glycerol with oxalic acid. It is a thick liquid, boiling at 225–240°. Almeciga (al-ma/-thig-ah) [Sp.]. See Elemi. Almen and Nylander’s Test. See Tests, Table of. Almen's Tests. See Tests, Table of - Almond (am/-und) [M. E., almonde]. See Amyg- dala. A. Bread, a variety of bread made from almond flour, for use by diabetics. It is made as follows: Take of blanched sweet almonds a quarter of a pound. Beat them as fine as possible in a stone mortar, remove the sugar by putting in a linen bag and steeping for a quarter of an hour in boiling water acidulated with vinegar; mix this paste thoroughly with three ounces of butter and two eggs. Add the yolks of three eggs and a little salt, and stir well for some time. Whip up the whites of three eggs and stir in. Put the dough thus obtained into greased moulds and dry by a slow fire. A. of the Ear, the tonsil. A. Mixture. See Amygdalae Mistura. A. Oil, oleum amygdalae, the fixed oil obtained from both the sweet and the bitter almond. It is odorless, agreeable to the taste, and of a yellow color; sp. gr. .919 at 15° C. It is used in pharmacy and medicine and in soap-making. A. Oil, Bitter, Oleum amyg- dalae amarae. See Amygdala. A. Paste, a magma of bitter almonds, alcohol, white of egg and rose-water, used to soften the skin and prevent the hands and lips from chapping. A. of the Throat, the tonsil. Alnuin (a/-nu-in) [Celtic, al, near; lan, a river-bank]. A precipitate from the tincture of Alnus rubra. Said to be alterative and resolvent. Dose gr. ii-x. Unof. Alnus (a/-nus) [Celtic, al, near; lan, a river-bank]. Alder Bark. The bark of the American Alder. A. serrulata, contains tannic acid. The decoction of bark and leaves is astringent, and used as a gargle and as a lotion for wounds and ulcers. Dose of powdered bark gr. X. Alochia (ah-loº-ke-ah) [ä priv.; 26xia, the lochia]. Absence of the lochia. ALOE Aloe (a/-0) [ää.6m, the aloe]. The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, of which the A. socotrina, A. barbadensis, and A. capensis are most commonly used. Its properties are due to a glucosid, aloën, C17H18O1. A tonic astringent, useful in amenorrhea, chronic consti- pation, and atonic dyspepsia. It is also an emmen- agogue and anthelmintic. Dose gr. j-v. A. amer- icana. See Agave. A. Decoct., Comp. (B.P.). Dose gr. ss—ij. A. Enema (B.P.), aloes, carbonate of potassium ; mucilage of starch. A. et Asafoetida, Pil., aloes and asafetida aa gr. I 94. A. et Canellae, Pulv., contains powdered bark of Canella alba. Dose gr. v-xx. A. et Ferri, Pil., contains gr. j each of aloes, ferrous sulphate, and aromatic powder, incor- porated with confection of roses. A. et Mastich, Pil., “Lady Webster’s ” pill, contains each aloes gr. ij, mastich and red rose gr. ss. A. et Myrrh, Pil., contains each aloes gr. iſ, myrrh, gr. j, aromatic pow- der gr. ss, mixed with syrup. A. et Myrrh, Tinct, aloes Io, myrrh Io, alcohol IOO parts. Dose 3 SS-3 iſ. A. Ext. Aquosum, prepared by mixing I with IO parts boiling water, straining and evaporating. Dose gr. ss—v. A. Pil., aloes and soap aa gr. ii. A. Puri- ficata, the common drug purified by solution in alcohol and evaporation. Dose gr. j-v. A. Socotrin, Pil. (B. P.), contains Socotrin, aloes, hard soap, oil of nut- meg and confection of roses. Dose gr. v–x. A. Tinct., consists of aloes Io, glycyrrhiza Io, dil. alcohol IOO parts. Dose 3 SS—3ij. A. Vin., has aloes 6, cardamon I, ginger I, str. white wine IOO parts. Dose iv. Aloedary (a/-o-ed-a-re) [äWomááptov, aloedarium]. A compound aloetic purgative medicine. Aloeretin (al-o-e-re/-tän) [ää67, aloes; bnrívm, resin). A brown resin contained in aloes. Aloes (a/-02). See Aloe. A. Caballine [caballus, a horse]. Coarse aloes, used in veterinary medi- cine. A. Hepatic, dark liver-colored aloes, mostly Socotrine or Barbadian. A. Lign. See Agallo- chumz. Aloes-wood (a/-oz-wood). Aquilaria. Aloetic (al-o-et/-ić) [áñón, the aloe]. Containing or pertaining to aloes. Aloetin (al-o-e'-tin) [ääón, the alpe; bºtívm, resin). 1. Aloeretin. 2. A yellow crystalline principle obtain- able from aloes; aloeretic acid. Alogia (ah-lo'-je-ah) [ä priv.; A6/oc, word, reason]. I. Inability to speak, due to some psychical defect. 2. Stupid or senseless behavior. Alogotrophy (al-o-goº/-ro-ſe) [ääoyog, strange, absurd; Tpopff, nutrition]. Irregular and perverted nutrition, leading to deformity. Aloin (a/-o-in) [ä%m, the aloe]. A bitter principle found in aloes. It forms fine needles, possesses a very bitter taste, and acts as a strong purgative. Sev- eral glucosids of this name are described; as Bar- ðaloin, AWataloin, Zanaloin, Socaloin, g. v. Alonette's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Alonsenel (al-on-sen-el/) [Fr.]. A variety of the Cow- ania mexicana, a tall, rosaceous shrub of Mexico and the Rocky Mountain region. It is also called Cowan Plant and Cliff-rose. It is locally valued as a styptic \, and astringent. Unof. Alopecia (al-o-pe/-se-ah) [ä%rmº, a fox]. Baldness; Calviues; a term employed to designate the forms of baldness occurring in any disease as a symptom of the latter, or occurring as a purely local affection of the follicles in which the pilary filaments are lodged. It may be universal or partial, congenital or acquired, physiological or pathological, symmetrical or asym- metrical. It follows a large number of systemic See Agallochum, and 63 ALSACE GUM affections. A. adnata. See A., Congenital. A. areata; Area celsi; Tinea decalvans; Porrigo de- calvans; Alopecia circumscripta ; that condition in which suddenly or slowly one or several, usually asymmetrically distributed, patches of baldness appear upon the hairy regions of the body, more often upon the scalp and parts covered by the beard. The patches vary in size from a pin-head to an involvement of the entire surface from the coalescing of many patches. The disease may be produced by traumatism of the head, nervous shock, neurasthenia, ringworm of the Scalp and syphilis. A. circumscripta. See A. are- ata. A., Congenital, a rare form, seldom complete, due to absence of hair-bulbs. A. furfuracea; Alo- pecia Žityroides capil/itii, Aityriasis capitis, Seborrhea capillitii; Pityriasis simplex; Dandruff; a form of baldness associated with a disorder of the scalp marked by hyperemia, itching, and exfoliation of dry or fatty scales from its surface. It may be acute or chronic, and produce a dryness, brittleness, and lack of luster in the hair. A. localis; A. neuritica, that form occurring in one or more patches at the site of an injury, or in the course of a recog- nizable nerve. A. neuritica. See A. localis. A. neurotica, a name given to baldness of tropho- neurotic origin. A. orbicularis. Same as A. cir- cumscripta. A. pityroides capillitii. See A. furfuracea. A. pityroides universalis, a rapid and general denudation of hair occurring in debilitated states, preceded by abundant desºluamation of fatty scales. The skin is rather firmer and stiffer than normal. A. senilis ; Senile Calvities; that occur- ring in old age from atrophy and sclerosis of the scalp. A. simplex, the idiopathic premature baldness of young adults. Most common in males. Often asso- ciated with premature grayness. A. syphilitica, that due to syphilis. A. universalis, that in which there is a general falling out of the hairs of the body. Alopecist (al-o-pe’-sist) [ä%tm;, a fox]. One who makes a specialty of the treatment of baldness. Alopecoid (al-o-pe/-koid) [ä%Tn5, a fox; elóoç, form]. Resembling a fox; vulpine. Alouchi (al-oo’-chi). See Acuchi. Alouette's Amputation. See Operations, Table of. Aloxanthin (al-oks-an/-thin), Cls HoOs. A yellow substance obtained from barbaloin and socaloin by the action of bichromate of potassium. Alpestrine (al-pes'-trin) [alpestris, alpine]. to mountain districts, as alpestrine diseases. Alpha (a/-fah) [ä%a, the first letter of the alphabet]. The Greek letter a, used in combination with many chemical terms to indicate the first of a series. A. Peculiar Angle. See Angle. A.-dextrin. Same as AEry- thro-derfrºnz. A. Kava Resin. See Zezer????yz. A.— naphthol. See AVaphthoſ. A.-naphthol Test. See Zests, Zable of A.-oxynaphthoic Acid. See Acid, Alpha-oxynaphthoic. Alphenic (alºfen/-ié) [Fr., Aſphénic]. Sugar. Alphonsin (al-fom/-sin). See Alfonsin. Alphos (a/-fos) [ä%óg, vitiligo]. I. An old name for leprosy. , 2. Psoriasis. 3. A term vaguely applied to various skin diseases. See Psoriasis. Alphosis (alºfo'-sis) [ä%óg, vitiligo]. coderma. - Alpinia (al-pin/-e-ah) [Alpinus, Italian botanist of the sixteenth century]. A genus of zingiberaceous trop- ical plants. A. officinarum, A. chimensis, and other species furnish Galangal, q.v. Still other species are medicinal. Unof. Alsace Gum (al-sås' gum). White barley Albinism ; leu. See Dextrin. ALSTONIDIN Alstonidin (al-ston/-id-in) [Alston, a Scotch botanist]. An amorphous substance contained in a variety of Dita bark. - Alstonin (a/-sto-min) [Alston, a Scotch botanist]. I. An amorphous substance contained in a variety of Dita bark. 2. A crystalline alkaloid, C, H, N,0, obtained from A/stonia Constricta. Alter (aw/-ter) [L., “other”]. To castrate, or spay. Alterant (aw/-ter-ant). Same as Alterative. Alteration (awl-ter-a/-shun) [alterare, to make other]. A change, as of form. A. Theory. See Difference Theory. Alterative (aw/-ter-a-tiv) [alter, another]. A medi- cine that alters the processes of nutrition and excre- tion, restoring, in some unknown way, and without sensible evacuation, the normal functions of an organ or of the system. It seems to be a necessary or con- venient term covering our ignorance of the modus operand; of certain medicines, as mercury, iodin, etc. A., Compound, a domestic remedy consisting of bam- boo, brier-root, stillingia, burdock-root, and poke-root, aa fld, ext, 3 iij, prickly-ash bark, fid, ext, 3.j. Recommended by Sims in scrofulous affections. Dose 3 J-1]. aße (aw/-ter-nāt) [alternare, to do by turns]. In botany, applied to that form of leaf-arrangement in which only one leaf occurs at a node. A. Genera- tion. See Alternation of Generations. Alternating (aw/-ter-nāt-ing) [alternare, to do by turns]. Occurring successively. A. Insanity, a form of insanity in which there are regular cycles of exaltation and depression. Alternation (awl-ter-ma/-shun) [alternare, to do by turns]. Repeated transition from one state to another. A. of Generations. I. In biology, a generative cycle in which the young do not resemble the parent, but like forms are separated by one or more unlike generations. 2. That form of reproduction in which some of the members of the cycle can produce new beings non-sexually, while in the final stage reproduc- tion is always sexual. Tenia or tapeworm, is an example. The segments, AErog/otides, are herma- phrodite, and are evacuated with the feces. From the egg, fertilized after it is shed, is developed the embryo, that is swallowed by another animal, in whose tissues it forms an encysted stage (Cysticercus, Caenzarus, or Achinococcus). To undergo further development the cysticercus must find another host, where it forms new segments. Althaus's Oil. A modification of Lang’s Oil. It is made as follows: Metallic mercury I part, pure lano- lin 4 parts, 2 per cent. carbolic oil 5 parts. It forms a homogeneous gray cream that has no tendency to decomposition. It is used in the treatment of syphilis in injections of muv at a dose. Althea or Althaea (al-the-ah) [L.J. Marsh-mallow. The peeled root of A. officinalis, a plant of the mal- low family. It consists of about one-third of vege- table mucus and starch, together with the alkaloids Asparagin and Althein (latterly regarded as identical). Its decoction is employed as a mucilaginous drink. A. syrupi contains four per cent. althea. Dose in- definite. Asparagin possesses sedative and diuretic properties, and is useful in ascites and gout. Dose gr. 1]-11J. Athen (al-theſ-in). See Althea. . Alticomous (a/-tik/-o-mus) [altus, high; coma, head of hair, foliage]. In biology, leafy at or near the summit only. Altitude (a/-te-tūd) [altitudo, height]. The height, as of an individual. In climatology, the elevation of a place above the sea-level. A.-staff, a device em- 64 ALUSIA ployed for measuring the exact height of recruits. It consists of a rigid upright with a vertex-bar moving without play at right angles to the upright. Altricious (al-trish/-us) [altrix, a nurse]. Requiring a long nursing; hence, slow of development (the re. verse of precocious). Aluchi (al-oo'-chi). See Acuchi. Aludel (a/-u-del) [Arab., al, the ; uthal, utensil]. In chemistry, a pear-shaped glass or earthen vessel used in sublimation. - Alum (a/-tem) [alumen, alum]. Any one of a class of double Sulphates formed by the union of one of the Sulphates of certain non-alkaline metals with a sulphate of some alkaline metal. The standard (or common commercial) alum, the official A/wmen, U. S. P., is the aluminium-potassium sulphate, Al,- (SO4)3 + K-SO, + 24H,O. It is a powerful astrin- gent and styptic in medicine, and is extensively used in the arts. It is employed by bakers to whiten their bread, but the effect upon the system is probably in- jurious. Ordinary A. Ammoniae is the same as the above, except that the potassium is replaced by am- monium. It is official in Great Britain, and is exten- sively used on account of its cheapness. What is known as concentrated or patent alum, is the normal aluminium sulphate (alumini sulphas) which is not a true alum. A. Ammonio-ferric (Ferri et Ammonii sulphas), U. S. P., is strongly styptic, and is useful in leucorrhea. Dose gr. v-x. A. Potassio-ferric is extremely similar to the A. ammonio-ferric. (For A. Rubidium, see Rubidium). A. Sodae, double sul- phate of sodium and aluminium, is too soluble for ordinary uses. The other alums are very numerous, but they are of little interest to the physician. A. Whey, a preparation obtained by boiling gij of alum in a pint of milk, and straining. It is used as an astrin- gent and internal hemostatic, in wineglassful doses. Alumen (al-zº/-men) [L., gen., Aluminis]. See Alum. A. exsiccatum, burnt or dehydrated alum. Alumina (al-ze/-min-a/.) [L.J. Sesquioxid of alumin- ium ; the principal ingredient of clay, and of many stones, earths and minerals. Aluminate (al-w/-min-át) [alumina]. A basic salt of alumina. Aluminated Copper. See Zapis divinus. Aluminiferous (al-u-min-if”-er-us) [alumen, alum; ferre, to form]. Yielding alum. Aluminium (al-u-min/-e-um) [L. J. Al = 27. Quan- tivalence II, IV. A silver white metal distinguished by its low sp. gr., about 2.6. A. hydrate, Al,(HO), a tasteless white powder, feebly astringent. Dose gr. iij-xx. A. and Potassium sulphate, K, Al,(SO), (A/um, 7. v.), a valuable astringent used in catarrh, leucorrhea, gonorrhea. Dose gr. x-xx. In teaspoon- ful doses, an emetic. A. sulphate, Al,(SO4)3, an antiseptic and astringent used as a lotion in 5 per cent. solution. A. acetate, unof. ; a disinfectant. A. acetotartrate, unof. ; a disinfectant. Aluminosis (al-u-min-o’-sis) [aluminium]. A pul- monary disease common among workers in aluminium; the dust collects within the lung tissue. Alumnol (al-um/-nol) [aluminium]. An astringent and antiseptic “sulphur combination of aluminium.” Useful in gonorrhea, endometritis, ear, nose and skin diseases, etc. Used in the main externally. Unof. Alum Root. The root of Heuchera americana. Prop erties due to gallic and tannic acids. It is very astrin- gent. Dose of the flá. ext, gtt. x-xx. Also the root of Geranium maculatum, a mild and safe astringent. See Geranium. Unof. Alusia (al-u/-ze-ah) [ä%elv, to wander]. tion; morbid state of mind. Hallucina- ALUTACEOUS Alutaceous (al-u-ta/-she-us) [aluta, soft leather]. In botany, of a pale brown color, like untanned leather. Alvearium (al-ve-a/-re-um) [L.]. The external audi- tory canal or meatus. Alveloz (al-vel-oth () [Sp.]. An extractive from Eu- f/horbia icterodoza, having diuretic properties. It is highly recommended as a topical application in can- cer. Unof. Alveolar (al-ve/-o-lar) [alveolus, a small hollow]. Per- taining to the alveoli or sockets of the teeth. A. Ab- scess, a gum-boil. A. Arch, the alveolar surface of the jaw. A. Artery, a branch of the internal maxil- lary. A. Border, the face margin of the jaws. A. Cancer. See Cancer. A. Index, in craniometry, the gnathic index; the ratio of the distance between the basion and alveolar point, to the distance be- tween the basion and the nasal point, multiplied by Ioo. (Sometimes the basilar index is called the alve- olar index.) See Index and Craniometrical Points. A. Point. See Cranžometrical Points. A. Process, the border of the superior maxilla in which the alveoli are placed. A. Sarcoma. See Sarcoma. Alveolarium (al-ve-o-la/-re-um) [alveus, a bee-hive]. A name sometimes applied to the external meatus of the ear. It is so called because the wax of the ear gathers in that place. Alveolate (al-ve/-o-lāt, or al/-ve-o-lāt) [alveolatus, hol- lowed out like a little tray]. In biology, pitted, honey- combed. Alveoli (al-ve/-o-li). Genitive and plural of Alveolus. Alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'-tis), [alveolus, a hollow ; trug, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the alveolus of a tooth. Alveolo-condylean (al-ve/so-lo-Aom-dil/-e-an) [alveo- ſus, a hollow; kóvóvãog, a knuckle]. In craniometry, pertaining to the alveolus and condyle. A. Plane. See Alazze. - Alveolo-dental (al-ve/-o-lo-den/-tal) [alveolus, a hol- low ; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Pertaining to the teeth and their sockets. Alveolo-labialis (al-ve/-o-lo-lab-e-a/-lis) [alveolus, a hollow ; labium, the lip]. The buccinator muscle. Alveolo-subnasal (al-ve/-o-lo-sub-na/-sal) [alveolus, a hollow ; sub, under; nasus, nose]. In biology, per- taining to the alveolar and subnasal points of the skull. A. Prognathism. See Prognathism. - Alveolus (al-ve/-o-lus) [L. ; pl., Alveoli). The bony Socket of a tooth. A. of Glands, the ultimate sacs of a racemose gland. A. of the Lungs, are the air cells. A. of the Stomach, or the alevolar structures, are depressions, like honeycomb cells, found in the stomach, intestines and esophagus. Alvergnat's Pump. An instrument used in estimating the gaseous constituents of the blood. Alveus (a/-ve-us) [alveus, a trough]. A trough, tube, or canal; applied to ducts and vessels of the body. A. communis, the utricle of the ear. A. hippocampi, a certain structure in the cerebral hem- isphere investing the convexity of the hippocampus major. Alviduca_(al-ve-du/-ka) [alvus, the belly; ducere to lead]. Laxative or cathartic medicines. . Alvifluxus (al-ve fluks' -us) [alvus, the belly; ſluxus, a flow]. A free alvine discharge; a diarrhea. A. Torminosus. A synonym of Dysentery. Alvine (a/-win or -zin) [a/vinus; alvus, belly]. Per- taining to the belly. A. Concretion, an intestinal calculus. A. Dejections, the feces. A. Discharges, the feces. A. Obstruction. Synonym of Constipation. Alvus (a/-vus) [L]. The belly, or its contained VISCera. Alymphia (ah-limſ/-e-ah) [ä priv.; lympha, clear water]. A deficiency of lymph. * 65 AMAUROSIS Alysm, or Alysmus (a/-izm, or al-iz'-mus) [äävogóc, a wandering]. Disquietude; restlessness; mental disquiet; sadness; anxiety. - Amadelphous (am-ad-e/-ſus) [äua, together; &óežpóg, brother]. In zoölogy, gregarious. Amadou (am/-a-doo) [Fr., amadouer, to coax]. Ger- man tinder or touchwood ; Aoletus igniarius, a fungus found on old tree-trunks, used to stanch local hem- orrhage, as a dressing of wounds, etc. Amalgam (am-a/-gam) [uážayua, a soft mass]. A combination of mercury with any other metal. See Copper Amalgam. A. Carrier and Plugger, an instrument designed for carrying and introducing amal- gam into the cavity of a tooth. A. Manipulator, an instrument used by dentists for preparing amalgam fillings. Amalgamation (am-a/-gam-a/-shum) [uáAayua, a soft mass]. In metallurgy, the process of combining mercury with some other metal, as practiced in sepa- rating silver and gold from some other ores. Amalic Acid (am-a/-ä). See Acid. Amandin (am-an/-din) [Fr., amande, almond]. A proteid contained in sweet almonds. Amandine (am-an/-din) [Fr., amande, almond]. A kind of cold cream or almond paste. Amanitin (am-an/-it-in) [äuavitat, a kind of fungus]. I. A principle identical with cholin, obtained from the fly agaric. 2. A poisonous glucosid obtainable from various species of agaric. Amara (am-a/-ra) [amarus, bitter]. Bitters. Amaranthus spinosus (am-ar-an/-thus spi-mo/-sus) [L.]. The fresh root of the shrub is used in India as a specific in gonorrhea. An emollient and diuretic. Dose indefinite. Unof. Amarin (am-a/-rin) [amarus, bitter], C, His N. Tri- phenyl dihydroglyoxalin, results from boiling hydro- benzamid with caustic potash. It crystallizes from alcohol and ether in prisms, melting at II.3°. It exerts a poisonous effect on animals. Amarone (am-ar-àn/) [amarus, bitter], Cisłin N. A crystalline substance produced by the dry distillation of hydrobenzamid and other substances. Amarthritis (am-ar-thri'-tis) [äua, together; apôpov, a joint; ttic, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting many, or several joints at once. Amasesis (ah-mas-e'-sis) [á priv.; Héamouc, chewing]. Inability to chew the food. Amassette (am-as-et/) [Fr.]. A kind of spatula, often of horn, used in color-grinding and in pharmacy. Amasthenic (am-as-then/-ić) [äua, together; offévoc, strength]. Uniting the chemical ray of light in a focus, as a lens. Amastia (ah-masſ-te-ah) [ä priv.; uadróg, breast]. The condition of being without mammae or nipples. Amativeness (am/-at-iv-nes) [amare, to love]. The sexual passion. Amatory (am’-at-o-re) [amator, a lover]. Pertaining to love. A. Fever, love-sickness; chlorosis. A. Muscles, the oblique muscles of the eye, used in ogling. - Amaurosis (am-aw-ro’-sis) [äuavpóetv, to darken]. A term that, from its vagueness, is happily becoming disused, signifying partial or total loss of vision. When partial, the word amblyopia is now used; when complete, &/indness. The word is still some- times used to express blindness when the cause is unknown or doubtful. A., Albuminuric, that due to renal disease. A., Cerebral, that due to lesion of the brain. A., Congenital, that form existing from birth. A., Diabetic, that associated with diabetes. A., Hysteric, that associated with hysteria, usual- ly in the female. A., Reflex, that resulting from 5 AMAUROTIC a reflex action upon the optic nerve following some remote source of irritation. A. Saburral, sudden temporary blindness occurring in an attack of acute gastritis. A. Uremic, that due to an acute attack, or an exacerbation of a chronic form of nephritis. Amaurotic (am-aw-rot'-ić) [äuavpóelv, to darken]. Re- lating to, or affected with amaurosis. A. Cats-eye, a light-reflex through the pupil in suppurative choroiditis. Amaxophobia (am-aks-o-fo/-be-ah) [äuaša, a car; 9630ſ, fear]. orbid dread of being in, or riding upon, a car or wagon. - Amazia (ah-ma’-ze-ah) [á priv.; uaçóc, the breast]. Congenital absence of the mammary gland. See Ameasºa. Amber (am/-ber). See Succinum. - Ambergris (am/-ber-gris) [amber; Fr. gris, gray]. A substance excreted by the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus. It is not known whether it is a pathological product or not. It exhales a fragrant, musky odor when warmed, and is used in adynamic fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. Dose, gr. j—iij. Unof. See Ambrein. Ambidexter (am-be-deks'-ter) [ambo, both; dexter, the right hand]. An ambidextrous person. Ambidextrous (am-be-deks’-trus) [ambo, both ; dexter, the right hand]. Able to use both hands equally well. Ambigenous (am-bij/-em-us)[ambi, both ; genus, born). In biology, having a perianth with parts resembling sepals and petals. Ambiparous (am-bip/-ar-us) [ambi, on both sides; Aarere, to produce]. In biology, producing both kinds; as a bud that produces both leaves and flower. Ambloma (am-blo'-mah) [äuffWoua, an abortion; pl., Amblomata]. An amblosis or abortion: fetus. Amblosis (am-blo’-sis) [äuffWoolg, an abortion]. An abortion. Amblothridium (am-blo-thrid/-e-um) [äuffWoffpiðtov, an aborted fetus; pl. , Amblothridia]. I. An aborted fetus. 2. An abortifacient drug or agent. Amblotic (am-blot/-ä) [äuffWörtkoç. See Amblosis]. Abortifacient. Amblyaphia (am-ble-a/-fe-ah) [äuff}{\g, dull; diph, touch]. Dulness of the sense of touch. Amblyocarpous (am-ble-o-kar'-pus) [äuffWög, blunt, dulled; Kaptóg, fruit]. In botany, possessing abortive seeds. Amblyopia (am-ble-o'-pe-ah)[äuffWüç, dulled; &mp, eye). Subnormal acuteness of vision, due neither to dioptric abnormalism nor to visible organic lesion. It may be congenital; from the use of tobacco (A. nicotinica), or alcohol, or other toxic influences; from traumatism, or it may be hysterical. Ayctalopia or day-blindness, and /emeralopia or night-blindness, are other forms; it may arise from entoptic phenomena, such as musca volitantes, micropsia, megalopsia, metamorphopsia, etc. It may take the form of contracted fields of vision, of color-blindness, or anesthesia of the retina. A. ex- anopsia, amblyopia from disuse, or from non-use: argamblyopia is a preferable term. A. post-marital, A. due to sexual excess, called Burns's Amazerosis. Amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o-pe-at/-riks)[amblyopia; tarpt- kóg, belonging to medicine]. The therapeutics of amblyopia. Ambolic (am-bo/-i}) [äuffo'ºff, a putting off]. abortion ; abortifacient. Ambon (am/-bon) [äuffow, the lip of a cup]. The fibro- cartilaginous ring that surrounds a socket in which the head of a large bone is received, such as the acetabu- lum, or the glenoid cavity. - Ambos (am/-bos) [Ger.]. The incus, or anvil bone. • Causing 66 an aborted & AMEBOID Ambosexous (am-bo-seks/-us)[ambo, both; sexus, sex]. Hermaphroditic. Amboyna Button (am-boi/-nah but/-un). See Fram- besia. Ambra Grisea (am/-brah gris'-e-ah). Synonym of Ambergris. Ambrein (am/-bre-in)[Fr., Ambrel. A substance much resembling cholesterin; it is obtained from ambergris by digestion in hot alcohol. Ambrette (am-bret/) [Fr]. The seed of Abelmosch.us zºoschattes, g. v., musk-seed. Used in perfumery, and formerly prescribed as a substitute for musk. Unof. - Ambrosia (am-bro/-zhe-ah) [äuffpoaia, the food of the gods]. A genus of coarse composite-flowered herbs. 4. artemisiaefolia, common hog-weed of North America; is stimulant, tonic, antiperiodic, and astrin- gent. A. triftda, of the United States, has similar properties. The pollen of these plants is by some regarded as a cause of hay-fever. Unof. Ambulacral (am-bu-la/-Aral) [ambulacrum, a walk, alley]. In biology, related to an ambulacrum. Ambulacrum (am-bu-la/-ärum) [ambulacrum, a walk, alley: pl. , Ambulacra]. In biology, one of the radi- ating series of perforations in the shell of an echino- derm. Ambulance (am/-bu-lans) [ambulare, to walk about]. In Europe the term is applied to the surgical staff and arrangements of an army in service. In the United States the word is restricted to a vehicle for the trans- ference of the sick or wounded from one place to an- other. - Ambulatory (am/-bu-lat-o-re) [ambulare, to walk about]. Relating to walking. A. Blister, a blister that changes its location. A. Clinic, a clinic for patients that can walk. A. Erysipelas, erysipelas that shifts from place to place. A. Tumor, a pseudo-tumor. A. Typhoid, walking typhoid; enteric fever in which the patient does not, or will not take to his bed. Ambulo (am/-bu-lo) [ambulare, to walk about]. A pseudo-tumor of the abdomen; a painful and shifting abdominal distention due to flatulence. Ambury (am/-ber-e). See Anbury. Ambustion (am-bus'-chun) [ambustio, a burn]. A burn or scald. Ameba or Amoeba (am-e'-bah) [äuotó%, a change]. A colorless, single-celled, jelly-like protoplasmic organism found in sea and fresh waters, constantly undergoing changes of form, and mourishing itself by surrounding objects. The white corpuscles of the blood perform ameboid movements, i.e., changes of form, consisting of protrusions and withdrawals of substance. A. buccalis and A. dentalis (perhaps identical species) have been found upon human teeth. A. coli, ameba of dysentery. A. Zero-genitalis, has been observed in urine and in vaginal Secretions. Ameban (am-e'-ban) [äplough, a change]. I. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ameba. 2. Any organism that may be classed as an ameba. . Amebic (am-e'-bić) [ápot}#, a change]. Pertaining to or characterized by amebae. Amebicidal (am-e-bis-i/-dal). See Amebicide. Amebicide (am-e'-bis-id) [äuot}#, a change; cadere, to kill]. I. Destructive of amebae. 2. A remedy that destroys amebae. Amebodont (am-e'-bo-dont) [äplough, change; 660Vr, a tooth]. In biology, pertaining to molar teeth in which the ridges or crests are alternate; the opposite of antiodont. Ameboid (am-e'-boid) [äuouſh, a change]. Resembling an ameba in form or in changes; used of white blood- cells, etc. AMEL Amel (am/-el) [Anglo-French, amal, enamel]. An old name for Ænamel. Amelectic (am-el-ek'-tić). apathetic. Ameleia (am-el-i/-ah) [äſté%eta, indifference]. Morbid apathy; indifference. - Amelia (ah-me/-le-ah) [ä priv.; ué%0¢, a limb]. Ab- sence of the limbs from arrested development, or atrophy. Amelification (am-el-iſ-à-a/-shun) [M. E., amell; facere, to make]. The formation of the enamel of the teeth by means of the enamel cells—ameloblasts. Amelioration (am-èſ-yo-ra/-shun), [ad, to ; melior, better]. Improvement or amendment, as in symp- tomS. Ameliorative (am-èſ-yo-ra-tiv) [ad, to ; melior, better]. Tending to produce an amendment of symptoms. Ameloblast (am-el/-o-blast) [Anglo-French, amal, enamel; 3%aotóg, a germ]. In biology, an enamel- cell, one of the cylinder cells covering the papilla of the enamel organ, and forming a beautifully regular epithelial layer that produces the enamel, the Mem- brana adamantina of Raschkow. Amelus (am/-el-us) [ä priv.; uéWoç, a limb]. A mon- strosity without limbs. Amendment (am-end/-ment) [M. E., amendement]. Improvement or recovery of health, more or less complete. Amenia (ah-me/-ne-ah). See Amenorrhea. Amenomania (am-en-o-ma'-ne-ah) [amaenus, agree- able;" gavía, madness]. A mild form of mania in which the symptoms are manifested under the form of gayety, fondness of dress, exaggeration of social con- dition, etc.; a cheerful, or joyous delirium; a morbid elevation of the spirits. Amenorrhea (ah-men-o-re/-ah) [ä priv.; uſiv, month; béew, to flow]. Absence, irregularity, or suppression of menstruation when it should normally be present. The secretion may be retained, the result of congenital or acquired atresia of some part of the lower genital tract; or it may not take place in consequence of an imperfect development of the ovaries or uterus; or it may be suppressed because of some form of constitu- tional disease, especially anemia. Primitive, is a term applied to those cases in which the catamenia have not appeared at the proper time, and Secondary, to those in which the discharge has been arrested after it has existed during the reproductive period of life. Amenorrheal (ah-men-o-re'-a') [ä priv.; uſiv, month; béew, to flow]. Pertaining to amenorrhea. Ament (a/-ment) [ab, from; mens, mentis, the mind]. A person affected with amentia; an idiot. Ament or Amentum (am’-ent, am-ent/-um) [amentum, a strap or thong]. In biology, a scaly spike or catkin. Amentaceous (am-en-ta/-she-us) [amentum, a strap or thong]. In biology, related in some way to an ament. Amentia (ah-men'-she-ah) [ä priv.; mens, mind]. De- fective intellect; a vague term synonymous with idiecy or imbecility. Amentum (am-ent/-um). See Ament. Amenty (ah-men'-te) [ä priv.; mens, mind.]. Amentia. American (am-er/ -č4-am) [America]. Peculiar, or be- longing, to America. Å. Aloe. "See Agave amer- *cana. A. Catarrh, a synonym for chronic post- nasal catarrh. A. Centaury, the herb Sabbatia gºlaris, employed as a substitute for gentian. A. Columbo, the root of Frasera carolinensis. Tonic, aperient; in large doses, purgative. Dose of the flá. ext. ml?xx-3.j. Araserin, a concentrated extract. Dose gr. j-iij. Unof. A. Hellebore, See Veratrum viride. A. Ipecac, See Gillenia. A. Ivy, the twigs and bark of Ahupelopsis quinquefolia. Alterative, Affected with ameleia; 67 AMIDO-ACID tonic, astringent, and expectorant. Dose of the flá. ext, m xxx—3j. Ampelopsin, the concentrated ext. Dose gr. ii—iv. Unof. A. Saffron. See Carthamus. A. Senna. See Senna. A. Spikenard, the rhizome of Aralia racemosa. Aromatic, diuretic and altera- tive. Used in rheumatism, dropsy, and scrofulous affections. Dose of the decoction indefinite. Unof. A. Swiss Food, a variety of infant milk food with the following composition: Water 5.68, fat 6.81, grape-sugar and milk-sugar 5.78, cane-sugar 36.43, starch 30.85, soluble carbohydrates 45.35, albuminoids IO. 54, ash I. 21. A. Valerian. See Cypripedium. A. Wormseed. See Chenopodium. Amertume (am-ar-tūm/) [Fr.]. A disease of wine, characterized by bitterness, and caused by a specific bacillus. Ametabolic (ah-met-aē-o/-ä) [á priv.; ueragóżoç, changeable]. Not due to, or causing, or undergoing, metabolism. Ametria (ah-met/-re-ah) Absence of the uterus. Ametrometer (ah-met-rom/-et-er) [ä priv.; uérpov, a measure; biptſ, sight]. An instrument for measuring ametropia. Ametropia (ah-met-ro'-pe-ah) [ä priv.; uérpov, a measure; 6 pag, sight]. Ametropia exists when an imperfect image is formed upon the retina, due to defective refractive power of the media, or to abnor- malities of form of the eye. In myopia the antero- posterior diameter is too great, or the power of the refractive media is too great; hypermetropia (or hyper- opia) is the exact reverse of the last; astigmatism is due to imperfect curvature of the cornea, or of the retina, or to inequality of refracting power in different parts of the lens; presbyopia is due to inelasticity of the lens, producing insufficient accommodation; aphakia, or absence of the lens, produces both insufficient re- fracting power and loss of accommodation. Ametropic (ah-met-rop’-ié) [á priv.; pièTpov, a measure; Öpig, sight]. Affected with or pertaining to ame- tropia. Amianthium (am-e-an/-the-um) [äptavrog, unspotted; ãv6og, flower]. A genus of liliaceous or melantha- ceous plants. A. musca toxicum (“fly poison’’), a handsome flowering plant of the United States; has properties not unlike those of veratrum. Unof. Amiantus (am-e-an/-tus), or Amianthus (am-e-an/- thus). See Asbestos. Amic (am/-ić) [ammonia]. Pertaining to an amin, or having the nature of an amin. [á priv.; u%Tpa, womb). Amici Prism (am-e'-che prizm). See Prism. Amicrobic (ah-mi-kro'-bić) [á priv.; microbion, microbe). Not due to, or associated with, microbes. Amid (am/-id) [ammonia]. A chemical compound produced by the substitution of an acid radical for one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia. The amids are primary, secondary, or tertiary, according as one, two, or three hydrogen atoms have been so replaced. They are white crystalline solids, often capable of combining with both acids and bases. A. Bases. See Amins, Primary. Amidin (am/-id-in) [Fr., amidon, starch]. Starch altered by heat into a horny, transparent mass; soluble Starch; that part of starch which is soluble in water. Amidins (am/-id-inz) [ammonia]. Mono-acid bases produced from the nitrites by heating with ammonium chlorid. In the free condition they are quite unstable. They contain the group C. N.H. N.H. Amido-acetic Acid (am/-id-o-as-e'-tić asſ-id). See Glycoco// and Glycin. Amido-acid (am/-īd-o-asſ-id) [ammonia, acetum, vinegar]. An acid containing the amido-group, NH, AMIDOGEN Amidogen (ama-id’’-o-jen) [amid', yewvāv, to produce]. The hypothetical radical, NH, regarded as an essen- tial part of all amids. See Amid. Amido-glycerol (am/-id-o-glis/-er-o/). See Serin. Amido-kephalin (am/-id-o-kef’-al-in) [amid; kepahá, the head]. One of the modifications of kephalin found in the brain tissue. The name is sometimes ex- tended to other similar principles, the amidokephalins. Amido-lipotide (am/-id-o-lip'-o-tid). Any one of a very peculiar group of nitrogenous fats said to exist in the brain. Amidomyelin (am/-id-o-mi/el-in) [amid, uve?óg, marrow], Cº Fox N., POlo. A dipolar alkaloid or basic principle, derivable from brain tissue. It gives name to a group of similar bodies, the amidomyelins. Amidoplast (am/-id-o-plast) [äuvžov, starch; Tāāooetv, to form]. In biology, a name proposed by Errera for leukoplastids. Proteid granules whose functions it is to form starch grains. Amido-succinamic Acid (am/-id-o-suk-sin-am/-ié as/-īd). Same as Asparagin, Amidoxim, or Amidoxime (am-id-oks/-im). See Oxamzia'izz. Amidulin (am-id/-u-lin) [Fr., amidon, starch]. Sol- uble starch ; prepared by the action of H,SO, on starch, thus removing the starch-cellulose. Amimia (ah-mim/-e-ah) [ä priv.; uipog, a mimic]. An aphasic symptom consisting in loss of the power of imitation or of pantomime speech. A. Musical, patho- logical loss of the power of playing musical instruments. Amin (am/-in) [ammonia]. The Amins are chemi- cal compounds produced by the substitution of a basic atom or radical for one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia; or basic derivatives of carbon, contain- ing nitrogen and viewed as ammonia derivatives. In deportment they bear some similarity to ammonia. 68 The lower members are gases with ammoniacal odor and are readily soluble in water; they differ from am- monia in their combustibility. The highest members are liquids soluble in water, only the highest are spar- ingly soluble. They are called Monamins, Diamins, Triamáns, etc., according to the number of amidogen molecules, NH, substituted for H. A. Colors. Same as Anilin Colors, 7. v. A. Primary, an amin in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by a monovalent alkyl. A. Secondary, an amin in which two hydrogen atoms are replaced by monovalent alkyls. A. Ter- tiary, an amin in which three hydrogen atoms are replaced by monovalent alkyls. Aminol (am/-in-o/) [amin]. A gaseous substance derived from the methylamin of herring-brine mixed with milk of lime. This gas is cheap and powerfully disinfectant, and it has been used in the purification of Sewage. - Amins Process. See Sewerage, Disposal of Amitosis (a/i-mit-o/-sis) [ä priv.; mitosis, indirect cell- division, karyokinesis; uttoc, a thread; osis]. Cell multiplication by direct division, or simple cleavage, the nucleus usually assuming an hour-glass shape and dividing before the protoplasm. The opposite of mitosis. Amitotic (ah-mit-o/-ić) [á priv.; uttoc, thread]. Of the nature of, or characterized by, amitosis. A. Cell Division, direct nuclear subdivision, as distinguished from karyokinesis. … Amixia (ah-mićs/-e-ah) [ä priv.; ulétc, mixing]. In biology, the formation of a new species without the mingling of two individuals or their germs; asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis. Amma (am/-ah) [äupta, a tie : pl., Ammata]. or girdle for hernia. Ammelid (am/-el-id) [Ammonia ; melamid J, CH, N, - A truss * AMMONIUM O. A substance produced by boiling melamin with alkalies or acids; it is a white powder that forms salts with both acids and bases. - Ammelin (am/-el-in) [Ammonia ; melam], C.H.N.O. A white powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alkalies and mineral acids. Produced by boiling melamin with alkalies and acids. Ammeter (am/-et-er) [ampere; uérpov, a measure]. A form of galvanometer in which the value of the cur- rent is measured directly in ampères. Ammi (am/-ä) [äppu, an African plant]. A genus of umbelliferous herbs bearing aromatic seeds or fruits. The seeds of several species are locally used in medi- cine. Unof. A. copſicum. See Ajowan. Ammism (am/-īzm) [äuuog, sand]. Ammotheraphy; psammlSm. • - Ammonemia, (am-o-me/-me-ah). See Ammoniemia. Ammonia (am-o'-ne-ah) [L.]. A volatile alkali, NHs: See Ammonium. A. Carmin. See Stains, Zable of Ammoniac (am-o/-ne-aſſ). See Ammoniacum. Ammoniacal (am-o-ni/-ak-al) [ammonia]. Containing or relating to ammonia. Ammoniacum (am-o-ni/-ak-um) [äuplovakóc, belong- ing to ammonia; gen., Ammoniaci J. Ammoniac. A gum obtained from a Persian plant, Dorema Ammo- niacum. A stimulating expectorant and laxative, resembling asafetida. Employed in chronic bronchial affections. Dose gr. x-xxx. A. cum Hydrargyro Emplastrum, ammoniac 72, mercury I8 per cent., oleate of mercury .8, dilute acetic acid IOO, lead plaster, with sulphur, and oil, q. S. A. Emplastrum, IOO parts of ammoniac, digested with I40 parts of acetic acid, diluted, strained, and evaporated. A. Emulsum, a four per cent. emulsion in water, the resin being suspended by the contained gum. Dose SS—J. aiminate (am-o-me-am/-et-er)[ammonia, uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for testing the strength of solutions of ammonia. Ammoniemia, or Ammoniaemia (am-o-me-e'-mee-a/.) [ammonia; &lua, blood]. The theoretical decomposi- tion of urea in the blood, yielding ammonium car- bonate. Ammoniorrhea (am-o-me-or-e'-ah) [ammonia, beiv, to flow]. The passage of ammoniacal urine. Ammonium (am-o'-me-um) [from the name of Jupiter Ammon, because first discovered near his temple in Libya; gen., Ammonii). A hypothetical alkaline base, having the composition NH4: . Exists only in combination. It occurs most commonly in the form of ammonia gas, NHs, which, dissolved in water, is the water of ammonia of commerce. Inhalation of the gas causes, suffocation and edema of glottis. The salts first stimulate and then paralyze the motor nerves. It is useful as a stimulant, as an antagonist in cardiac de- pression, and locally in bites and stings of venomous reptiles and insects. Ammonia Aqua, water of am- monia, a solution containing ten per cent of the gas in water. Dose my–3 ss, well diluted. , A. Aqua Fortior, contains 28 per cent. of the gas in solution. A. Aromatic Spt., spirit of ammonia, with am, carb. , am. aq., ol. lemon, lavender and pimenta, alcohol and water. Dose 3 ss—ij. Ammonii acetas liq., Spirit of Mindererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized with ammonia. Dose 3.j-3.j. A. . benzoas, NH, C, H.O. Dose gr. v-xv. A. Bicarbonas. Dose gr. ii-x. A. bromid, NH, Br. Dose gr; X-3 ss. A. carbonas, NH, HCO3, NH, NH,CO, a mixture of carbonate and dicarbonate. Dose gr. v-x. A. chlorid, NH,Cl, sal ammoniac. Dose gr. j-xx. A. chloridi trochisci, each lozenge contains gr. jof the salt. A. fluorid, used in hypertrophy of the spleen. | AMMON'S FISSURE. 1)ose gr. ºr #. A. glycyrrhizas. Unof. ... An ex- pectorant. A. iodidum, NH, I. Dose gr. j—x. A. liniment, am. aq. 35, alcohol 5, cottonseed oil 6O. A. Molybdenate Test. See Tests, Table of. The following salts and their preparations are official : A. nitras, NH4NO3, used only in preparing nitrous oxid. A. phosphas, (NHA), HPO. Dose gr. v-xx. A. picras, CsPI2(NHA) (NO2)3O, a salt in yellow needles, of bitter taste; like other picrates it is explosive, and must be handled with care. It is antipyretic and anti- periodic, and tends to correct gastric disturbances. Dose gr. v in 24 hours; best given in wafers, each containing half a grain. A. Spt., a ten per cent. solution of aqua ammoniae in alcohol. Dose mux-3.j, diluted. A. sulphas, (NH4)2SO4, used only in the preparation of other ammonium salts. A. valeria- nas, NH,C,E,O. Dose gr. j-v. Kaspail’s Bau Sedatif (unof.), aqua ammoniae 3ij, sodium chlorid 3 iſ, spt. vini camph. 3 iij, aq. 3xxxij. For local U1S62. Ammon’s Fissure. See Fissure. A.’s Horn. See Aſippocamp. A.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. A.'s Posterior Scleral Protuberance, a variety of posterior ectasia of the sclera of the eye. Ammophilous (am-off’-i/-us) [äuplog, sand; loving]. In biology, inhabiting sandy places. Ammotherapy (am-o-ther’-a-pe) [äupoc, sand; 6epa- trévetv, to heal]. The use of sand-baths in the treat- ment of disease. Amnemonic (am-ne-mon/-i}) [á priv.; uvmuovukóg, relating to the memory]. Accompanied by or result- ing in impairment of the memory. Amnemosyne (am-ne-mosſ-en-e) [ä priv.; uveuogívm, memory]. Forgetfulness. . - Amnesia (am-ne/-se-ah) [äuvnoia, forgetfulness]. De- fect of memory. Loss of the memory for words. A. Acustica, word-deafness. A. Periodic. See Dozaff/e Consciousness. • Amnesic (am-ne/-sić). Relating to amnesia. Amnestia (am-nesſ-te-ah) [äplvmotia, forgetfulness]. Amnesia. Amnestic (am-nes/-tié) [äuvmotia, forgetfulness]. Amnesic. 2. Causing amnestia. Amnia (am/-ne-ah) [áplvíov, a young lamb]. Plural of Amnion, 7. v. Amniac (am/-ne-ak) [äuviov, a young lamb]. Ill OIllC. Amnio-chorial (am-ne-o-ko'-re-al) [äuvtov; 26ptov, a membrane]. Pertaining to both amnion and chorion. Amnioclepsis (am-ne-o-klep’-sis) [äplvíov, amnion; Kºeſtreiv, to steal away]. The slow and unnoticed es- cape of the liquor amnii. - Amnion (am/-me-on) [äuvíov, a young lamb]. The in- nermost of the fetal membranes; it is continuous with the fetal epidermis at the umbilicus, forming a complete sheath for the umbilical cord and a sac or bag in which the fetus is enclosed. It contains one or two pints of liquor amnii. It is a double non-vascular membrane, the inner layer or sac derived from the epiblast, the outer from the mesoblast. The cavity of the inner folds is called the true amnion, that of the outer, the false. of liquor amnii. Amnionic (am-ne-on/-ić) [äuvíov, a young lamb]. Re- lating to the amnion. Amniorrhea, (am-ne-o-re/-ah) [äuviog, amniotic liquor; héety, to flow]. The discharge of the liquor amnii. Amniota (am-ne-o'-tah) [äuvíov, a young lamb]. Ani- mals with an amnion and allantois, comprising mam- mals, birds, and reptiles. Those without an amnion are called Anamnia. Amniotic (am-ne-ot’-ié) [äuvio", a young lamb]. Re- pížog, I. Am- 69 A., Dropsy of, excessive secretion AMPHIARTHROSIS lating to the amnion, as the A. Fluid. A. Fluid. Same as Ziquor amenii. Amniotis (am-ne-o'-tis) [äuvíov, a young lamb]. See Amnioſitis. Amniotitis (am-ne-o-ti'-tis) [äuvíov, a young lamb; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the amnion. Amniotome (am/-me-o-tom) [äuvíov, a young lamb; Tóplm, a cut]. An instrument for puncturing the fetal membranes. Amnitis (am-ni/-tis). Amoeba (am-e'-bah). Amoeboid (am-e'-boid). See Ameboid. Amoebodont (am-e'-bo-dont). See Amebodont. Amoenomania (am-e-no-ma/-ne-a/a). See Amenomania. Amomum (am-o'-mum) [äuouov, an Eastern spice plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous plants to which the cardamom (A. cardamomum) and Grains of Paradise (A. granum paradisi) belong. Amorphia (ah-mor/-fe-ah) [á priv.; Hoppſ, form]. Shapeless condition. Amorphinism (ah-mor/ºftn-izm) [á priv.; Morpheus, the god of sleepj. The condition resulting from the withdrawal of morphine from one habituated to the drug. Amorphism (ah-mor/ºftzm) [á priv.; propºff, a form]. The state or quality of being amorphous or without shape; specifically, absence of crystallization; want of crystalline structure. Amorphous (ah-mor/-fus) [ä priv.; Hoppí, a form]. Formless, shapeless, non-crystallized. A. Quinin. quinoidin, its salts being non-crystallizable. Amorphus (ah-mor/ſus) [á priv.; Hoppſ, a form]. Same as Amzzziotiſts. See Ameba. An acardiacus without head or extremities. See also Anzalezas. A. Globulus. See Azzia'ezes. Amotio (am-o/-she-o) [L.]. A detachment. A. Re- tinae. See Aó/atio Æefizza. Ampac (am/-paſſ) [E. Indian]. An East Indian rutaceous tree of the genus Xanthoxylum or Ampacus. Its leaves are used in medicating baths, and its odoriferous resin is a stimulant. Unof. Ampelopsin (am-pel-op’-sin). See American Zvy. Ampelopsis (am-pel-op/-sis). See American ſky. Ampelotherapy (am-pel-o-ther'-a-pe) [äuTe20c, a grape- vine; 6epatrévetv, to heal]. The Grape-cure, g. z. Ampèrage (om/-pār-ahj) [Fr.]. The number of am- pères passing in a given circuit. Ampère (om-pâr/) [a French physicist]. See Electrical Özil's. A.’s Laws relate to the forces between con- ductors carrying electric currents. Avogadro's lazy, that equal volumes of a gas when under the same conditions contain the same number of molecules, is also called Ampère's Law. In honor of Ampère, the unit of measurement of an electric current is called an Ampère. Ampèremeter (am/-pār-me-ſer) [Ampère; uérpov, to measure]. An instrument for estimating the current of an electric circuit in ampères. Ampère's Law. See Law. Amphanthium (amſ-an/-the-um) [äupt, about; fiv6og, a flower]. See Climanthium. Amphemerina (am-fe-mer/-in-ah) [äuðmuspiv6c, daily]. A hectic or intermittent fever that recurs daily. Amphi- (am’-ſe) [äplºt, around]. A prefix signifying about, on both sides, around, etc., as amphiarthrosis, amphibia, etc. Amphiarthrosis (am-fe-ar-thro/-sis) [äppſ, around; ăp{}pov, a joint]. A form of mixed articulation in which the surfaces of the bones are connected by broad discs of fibro-cartilage, or else they are covered with fibro-cartilage and connected by external liga- ments. It is distinguished by limited flexion in every direction, as, e.g., between the vertebrae. AMPHIASTER Amphiaster (am/-fe-as-fer) [äupi, around; do Tàp, a star]. In biology, the figure formed in both direct and indirect cell divi- sion, by the achromatin threads and chromatin granules united to form the so-called nuclear spin- dle, together with the threads of cell-protoplasm radiating from a rounded clear space at each end of the spindle known as the stars or Suns. Amphibia (am-fib/-e-ah) [äplºt, both ; 8toc, life]. A class of the Vertebrata, living during their life both in the water and upon the land, as the frog, newt, etc. Amphibious (am-fi/-e-us) [äppi, both; Biog, life]. Living both on land and water. Amphiblastic (am-fe-blas/-tié) [äppi, on both sides; £3%aotóg, a germ]. In biology, pertaining to that form of complete segmentation that gives rise to an amphiblastula. Amphiblastula (am- fe-blas/-fu-/a/.) [äu- pí, on both sides; dim. of 3%aotóg, a germ]. In biolo- gy, the mulberry- mass or m or ula- stage in the de- velopment of a holo- blastic egg. It fol- lows the stage known as amphi- morula. Amphiblestritis(am- ſe-bles-tri/-tis) [äu- ºptſ?%motpov, a net; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the retina. . Amphiblestroid (am-fe-blesſ-froid) [äuptºmorpov, a net; eiðog, form]. Net-like. A. Membrane, the retina. Amphibolia (am-fe-bo'-le-ah) [äuptſ?0%fa, uncertainty]. The vacillating period of a fever or disease. Amphibolic (am-fe-bo/-ić) [äuptſ?owoc, uncertain]. Un- certain; doubtful. A qualification applied by Wunder- lich to a period in the febrile process occurring between the fastigium and the defervescence, and marked by irregular exacerbations and remissions. Amphibranchia (am-fe-brang/-ke-ah) [äppí, around; 6páyata, the gills]. The tonsils, pharynx, and naso- pharynx. Amphicarpic (am-fe-kar/-pić). potts. Amphicarpous (am-fe-kar/-pus) [äupt, on both sides, around; kaptróg, fruit]. In biology, producing fruit of two kinds, either as regards form or season of ripening. Amphicelous (am-fe-se/-/us) [äppi, at both ends; Koſhoc, hollow]. In biology, biconcave, as the center of the vertebrae of fishes. - Amphicrania (am-fe-Ara/-me-ah) [äupt, both ; Kpavíov, the skull]. Headache affecting both sides of the head. Amphicreatin (am-fe-Are/-at-in) [äuſpí, around; Kpéag, flesh], C, H, N, O,... One of the muscle-leucomaines. It crystallizes in brilliant oblique prisms of a yellowish- white color. It is tasteless and faintly basic. It resembles creatin in its properties. * Amphicreatinin (amºſe-Are-at'-in-in) [äubt, around ; ºpéac, flesh], C, Hio N.O., . A member of the creatinin group of leucomaines said to have toxic qualities. It is derived from muscle. AMPHIASTER IN AN OVARIAN EGG. AMPHIBLASTULA. a, Granular cells which will form the epiblast. 5, Ciliated cells which become invaginated to form the hypoblast. (After Balfour.) Same as Amphicar- 70 AMPHORA Amphid (am/ºftd) [äppi, both]. In chemistry, a name given to a salt of an acid containing oxygen; that is, a name given to salts other than haloid. Amphideum (am-ſid’’-e-um) [äpplóéa, a ring: pl. , Am- Ahideal. The margin or edge of the os uteri. Amphidiarthrosis (am-fe-di-ar-thro/-sis) [äppi, both ; Ólápôpoolç, articulation]. The articulation of the lower jaw, as it partakes of the nature both of ginglymus and arthrodia. Amphidisc, Amphidisk (am/fe-disk) [äupt, at both ends; Ötokoç, a round plate]. In biology, a sponge- spicule consisting of an axil terminated by two toothed discs. - Amphigenous (am.fj/-em-us) [äuſt, both; Yévoc, kind]. In biology, growing indifferently on both sides, as certain parasitic fungi. - - Amphigony (am-fig’-o-me) [äppi, on both sides; yóvoc, offspring]. The sexual process in its broadest sense; gamogenesis. - Amphimixis (am-ſi-miks/-īs) [äppi, on both sides; pilºtſ, mixing]. In biology, the mingling of two individuals or their germs; sexual reproduction. Amphimonerula (am-ſe-mo-ner/-u-lah) [äppi, on both sides; ploväpng, single]. In biology, the monerula or cytode-stage of an unequally segmenting, holo- blastic egg. Amphimorula (am-fe-mor/-u-lah) [amphi, on both sides; morula, a mulberry]. In biology, the morula, or globular mass of cleavage cells resulting from unequal segmentation, the cells of the hemispheres being unlike in size. Amphioxus (a/-fe-o/s/-us) [äuſpí, both ; Śic, sharp]. A genus of fishes tapering at both ends, the lancelet, Amphipyrenin (am-fe-pî-re/-min) [äpupt, around; trup#v, mass]. The nuclear membrane of a cell. Amphismela (am-ſis-me/-lah) [äupt, both; piñām, a probe]. A double-edged surgical knife. Amphisphalsis (am-fe-sfa/-sis) [äuptopažoug, a throw- ing or turning round]. Circumduction, as of a limb in reducing a luxation. Amphistoma (amºſis/-to-mah) [äupt, double; otópia, mouth]. A genus of trematode worms, named from the mouth-like apparatus at either end. One species, A. hominis, has been found in the large intestine of man, in the tropical regions. See Parasites, Table of Amphistylic (am-fe-sti’-lik) [äupt, on both sides; orižog, a pillar]. In biology, having styles or supports on both sides, as the mandibular arches of sharks. - - Amphithect (am/-fe-thekt) [äupt, on both sides; 67króg, sharpened]. In biology, having unequal angles or surfaces. - Amphitoky (am-fit/-o-ke) [äppi, both ; Tókoç, produc- ing]. The production of both male and female forms in parthenogenesis. Amphitropous (am-fit/-ro-pus) [äuſpí, around; Tpéretv, to turn]. I. In biology, having the funiculus attached to the ovule midway between the chalaza and micro- pyle. 2. Having a C-shaped embryo. Amphodiplopia (am-ſo-diº-lo'-pe-ah) [äu%), both ; Öttàóog, double; &lp, eye). Double vision affecting each of the eyes. Ampho-peptone (am-ſo-pep/-tän). See Peptones. Amphophile (am/-fo-fi/) [äupo, both ; piñeiv, to love]. Readily stainable alike with acid and basic dyes (a qualification applied to certain histological and patho- logical elements). Amphophilous (am-fo/-i/-us) [äuſho, both ; pºeiv, to love]. Staining with either alkaline or acid dyes. Amphora (am/-fo-rah) [áupt, on both sides; popeſ.g., a bearer]. In biology, the lower portion of a seed capsule, or pyxidium. AMPHORIC Amphoric (am-for-74) . [amphora, a , two-handled vessel]. Like the sound produced by blowing across the mouth of a bottle. A. Breathing, breath sounds with an amphoric or musical quality heard in dis- eased conditions of the lung, as in phthisis with cavity-formation. A. Resonance, in auscultation, a metallic sound like that of blowing into a bottle, caused by the reverberation of sound in a cavity of the lung. A. Respiration. See A. Breathing. Amphoricity (am-for-is/-ī-te) [amphora, a two-handled vessel]. The quality of being amphoric; the giving forth of amphoric Sounds. Amphoriloquy (am-for-i/-o-Awe) [amphora, a bottle; loqui, to speak]. The production of amphoric sounds in speaking. Amphorophony (am-for-of/-o-me) ſāpºopeūg, a jug ; pová, a sound]. An amphoric resonance or Sound. Amphoteric (am-fo-ter/-ić) [äu%tepog, both of two.]. Having the power of altering the color of both red and blue test paper, as milk. Neither acid nor alka- line; applied to such substances as glucose, gums, etc. Amplectant (am-ple&ſ-Éaná) [amplecti, embrace]. In biology, embracing; winding about, as a tendril or petiole. Amplexation (am-p/e/s-a/-shun) [amplexatio, an em- brace]. The treatment of a fractured clavicle by an apparatus that fixes the shoulder and covers a part of the chest and neck. Amplexicaudate (am-plex-e-kaw/-dāt) [amplexatio, an embrace; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having the en- tire tail included in the interfemoral membrane. Amplexicaul (am-pleks/-e-kawl) [amplexus, embracing; caulis, a stem]. In biology, clasping or embracing the stem, as a leaf. Amplexifoliate (am-pleks-e-fo/-le-āt) [amplexus, em- bracing; folium, leaf J. In biology, plants, the leaves of which embrace the stem. Ampliation (am-ple-a/-shun) [ampliare, to increase]. Dilatation or distention of a part or cavity. Amplification (am-plif-ić-a/-shun) ſamplificare, to en- large]. I. Increase of the visual area, in microscopy. 2. Enlargement, as of a diseased organ. Amplifier (am/-ple-ſi-er) [amplificare, to enlarge]. An apparatus sometimes used in microscopy for increasing the magnification. It consists of a diverging lens or combination placed between the objective and the ocular, and giving to the image-forming rays from the objective an increased divergence. A., Tolles’s, an accessory used in magnification and first made effective by a manufacturer named Tolles. Amplitude (am/-ple-tūd) [amplitudo, the extent of a thing]. The range or extent, as of vibrations and undulations, the pulse, etc. Ampulla (am-pul"-ah) [L., A Roman wine jug). The trumpet-mouthed or dilated extremity of a canal, as of the lachrymal canal, the receptaculum chyli, the Fallopian tubes, mammary ducts, semicircular canals, vas deferens, etc. Chemically, the term denotes a large-bellied bottle, A. of Bryant, the apparent distention of an artery immediately above a ligature, due to the contraction of the vessel above the ampulla where it is not completely filled with clot. A. Chyli, the receptaculum chyli. A., Lieberkühn's, the cécal terminus of one of the lacteals in the villi of the intes- times. A. of Rectum, the portion above the perineal flex- ure. A. of Vater, the site of entrance of the common bile-duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum. Ampullula (am-pul/-u-lah) [dim. of ampulla, a Roman Wine jugl. A small ampulla, as in the lymphatic or lacteal vessels. Amputation (am-pu-ta/-shun) ſamputare, to cut away]. The removal of a limb or part of the body by the 71 AMPUTATION knife, ligature, or other means, or as a result of gan- grene, constriction (e.g., of the cord, in the fetus), or the disease, aimhum. For special amputations see Operations, Zable of A., Accidental, the separation of a limb by some form of accident. A., Bloodless, one in which there is but slight loss of blood, on ac- count of the circulation being controlled by mechanical means. A., Central, one in which the scar is situated at or near the center of the stump. A., Circular, that performed by making a single flap, by circular sweeps of a long knife, through skin and muscles, in a direction vertical to the plane of the limb. A., Cir- cular Skin Flap, a modification of the circular, in which the skin flap is dissected up, and the muscles divided at a higher level. A., Coat-sleeve, a modi- fication of the circular, in which the cutaneous flap is made very long, the end being closed by being gath- ered together by means of a tape. A., Congenital, amputation of fetal portions due to constriction by amniotic bands of lymph. A. in the Contiguity, amputation at a joint. A. in the Continuity, ampu- tation of a limb elsewhere than at a joint. A., Con- secutive, an amputation during the period of suppura- tion or later. A., Cutaneous, one in which the flaps are composed exclusively of the integuments. A., Diclastic, one in which the bone is broken with an osteoclast, and the soft tissues divided by means of an écraseur. Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and puru- lent infection. A., Double Flap, one in which two flaps are formed from the soft tissues. A., Dry. See A., Bloodless. A., Eccentric, one in which the scar is situated away from the center of the stump. A., Elliptical, one that may be performed by a single sweep, as in the circular method; the wound, however, having an elliptical outline, on account of the oblique direction of the incision. A. of Expediency, one performed for cosmetic effect. A., Flap, one in which one or more flaps are made from the soft tissues, the division being made obliquely. A., Flapless, one in which, on account of destruction of the soft parts, flaps cannot be formed, the wound healing by granu- lation. A., Galvano-caustic, one in which the soft parts are divided with the galvano-cautery, followed by division of the bone by the saw. A., Immediate, one done within twelve hours after the injury, during the period of shock. A., Intermediary or Inter- mediate, one performed during the period of reaction, and before suppuration. A., Intrauterine. See A., Congenital. A., Major, amputation of the extremi- ties above the wrist or ankle joints. A., Mediate. See A., Intermediary. A., Minor, amputation of the extremities below the wrist or ankle joints. A., Mixed, a combination of the circular and flap methods. A., Multiple, amputation of two or more members at the same time. A., Musculo-cutaneous, one in which the flaps consist of skin and muscle. A., Mus- culo–tegumentary. See A., Musculo-cutaneous. A., Natural. See A., Congenital. A., Oblique. See A., Oval. A., Osteoplastic, one in which there is section and apposition of portions of bone, in addi- tion to the amputation. A., Oval, a modification of the elliptical, in which the incision consists of two reversed spirals, instead of the one oblique. A., Par- tial, I. One in which but a portion of the extremity is removed. 2. An incomplete congenital amputation. A., Pathological, one done for tumor or other diseased condition. A., Primary, one done after the period of shock and before the occurrence of inflammation, A., Racket, a variety of the oval amputation, in which there is a single longitudinal incision continuous below with a spiral incision on either side of the limb. A., Secondary, one performed during the period of sup- AMPUTATURA puration. A., Spontaneous. See A., Congenital. Also occurs in the disease, ainhum. A., Subperios- teal, one in the continuity, the cut end of the bone being covered by periosteal flaps. A., Surgical, a formal amputation in contradistinction to accidental or congenital A. A., Synchronous. See A., Multiple. A. by Transfixion, one done by thrusting a long knife completely through a limb, and cutting the flaps from within out. A., Traumatic, one performed on account of injury. Amputatura (am-pu-tat-me/-rah) [L.; pl., Amputaturae]. An amputation; loss of a member. Amuck (a-muk/) [Malay]. . In a state of murderous frenzy; in Oriental regions persons, mostly hashish eaters, often attack and kill those whom they meet while in a state of wild fury. In some cases the infuri- ated persons take this method of seeking death, for they are shot down at sight. Amusia (ah-me/-se-ah) [á priv.; musa, uovoa, muse]. Pathological loss or subnormal ability to produce or comprehend music or musical sounds, an abnormality as regards music analogous to aphasia as regards the faculty of speech. Motor A., the music is understood, but there is loss of the power of singing or of other- wise reproducing music. Paramusia, faulty and im- perfect reproduction of music. Sensory A., musical deafness, or the loss of the power of comprehension of musical sounds. See also Alexia, Musical; Agraphia, Musical, and Amimia, Musical. Amussat’s Operations. See Operations, Table of Amyelencephalia (ah-mi-el-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [ä priv.; plvezów, marrow ; Kepaxi, the head]. Congenital ab- sence of both brain and spinal cord. Amyelencephalus (ah-mi-el-en-sef’-al-us) [á priv.; avszów, marrow ; Kepañí), the head]. A fetal monster having neither brain nor spinal cord. Amyelia (ah-mi-e'-le-ah) [ä priv.; plve?óg, marrow]. The congenital absence of the spinal cord. Amyelinic (a/-mi-el-in/-iā) [ä priv.; plve?6ç, marrow]. Having no myelin; applied to certain nerve fibers, especially those seen in neuromata. Amyelonervia (a/-mi-el-o-mer/-we-ah). See Amyelomeu- 7°262. Amyeloneuria (a/-mi-el-o-me/-re-ah) [ä priv.; uve?6g, marrow ; veipov, a nerve]. Paresis of the spinal cord. Amyelotrophy (ah-mi-el-of/-ro-ſe) [ä priv.; uve?6¢, marrow ; Tpopff, nourishment]. Atrophy of the spinal cord. Amyelus (ah-mi/-el-us) [ä priv.; uve?6c, marrow]. A fetal monstrosity with partial or complete absence of the spinal cord. Amyencephalus (ah-mi-en-sef’-al-us). cephalus. Amygdala (am-g/-da/-ah) [L. : gen., Amygdalaj. I. Almond. The seeds of Prunus Amygdalus, var. amara and dulcis, containing the principle Æmulsin or Synaptase. The former contains Amygdalin. The expressed oil of the sweet almond is a demulcent use- ful in skin-affections; in doses of 3 j—ij it is a mild laxative. The oil of A. amara is used in cosmetics. 2. The tonsil. A. amarae, Aq., a I : IOOO solution of the oil in water Dose indefinite. A. amarae, Ol., a volatile oil, bitter to the taste. Contains 3–I4 per cent. of hydrocyanic acid. Dose mu%—j. A amarae, Spt., oil of bitter almond I, alcohol 8o, dis tilled water q. S. A., Emulsum, oil of sweet almonds 6 per cent., sugar, water, and acacia q. S. Dose 3.j- 3 ss. A. expressum, Ol., oil of sweet almonds. A., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), contains sweet almonds, re- fined sugar, and gum acacia. Used to make A., Emºz/- sum. A., Syr., sweet almond I4, bitter almond 4, sugar 20, orange-flower water Io, water I.3, syrup q. S. See Amyelen- 72 Amyl (am/-il) [äuvžov, fine starch]. AMY LOGENIC Amygdalae (am-ig/-dal-e) [L., pl.]. The tonsils. Amygdalin (am-ig’-dal-in) LAmygdala], CooHo, NOu- + 3H2O. A substance that occurs in bitter almonds, and in various plants, as well as in the leaves of the cherry laurel. It forms white, shining leaflets, of a bitter taste, readily soluble in water and hot alcohol. Amygdaline (am-ig’-da/-īn) [äplvyöážm, almond]. I. Almond-like. 2. The fissure ectad of, or collocated with the amygdaloid tubercle. See Fissure. Amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i/-tis) [auvyöážm, almond; trug, inflammation]. Tonsillitis. - mygdaloid (am-ig ’-dal-oid) [äplvyöážm, almond; eiðoç, form]. Like a tonsil, or almond. A. Fossa, the depression for the lodgment of the tonsil. A. Tu- bercle, a projection of gray or cortical matter at the end of the descending cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is attached to the temporal lobe, and appears to be nearly isolated by white substance. Amygdalolith (am-ig-da/-o-lith) [duvyöážm, an al- mond; Žiffog, a stone]. A concretion or calculus found in the tonsils. Amygdaloncus (am-ig-dal-ong/-kus) [äplvyóážm, al- mond; Śykoç, a mass]. Any tumor or swelling of the tonsil. Amygdalopathy (am-ig-dal-op/-a-the) [äuvyóážm, an almond; Tá60ç, a disease]. Any disease of the ton- sils. Amygdalotome (am-ig/-dal-o-tom) [aplvyöážn, an al- mond; Téuvetv, to cut]. An instrument used in cut- ting the tonsils. Amygdalotomy (am-ig-dal-of/-o-me) [äuvyöá%m, a ton- sil; Téuvelv, to cut]. Tonsillotomy; partial or com- plete abscission of a tonsil. Amykos (ah-mi/-Aos) [á priv.; uikoç, a fungus]. An antiseptic fluid composed of boric acid, glycerin and infusion of cloves. Of reputed service in gonorrhea, dental caries, and catarrhs. Unof. A The hypothetical radical C. Hu of amyl alcohol, the fifth term of the series of alcohol radicals, CnH2n+1. A. Alcohol. See Amylic Alcohol. A. Hydrate. See Amylic Alcohol. A. Nitrite, nitrite of amyl, Cs Hu NO, a clear, yellowish liquid, ethereal, aromatic, volatile; pro- duces vascular dilatation and great cardiac activity, and hence is useful in angina pectoris, respiratory neu- roses, etc. Dose, internally, mu 4–j dissolved in alco- hol; by inhalation, mu ij-v. A. Valerianate. See Apple Oil. Amylaceous (am-il-a/-se-us) [amylum, starch]. Con- taining starch ; starch-like. See Corpora amylacea. Amylene (am/-il-en) [äplvžov, starch], C5H10. A transparent, liquid hydrocarbon, having anesthetic properties, but dangerous to use. See Anesthetic. A. Hydrate, C3H12O, a tertiary alcohol having hypnotic effects, and antagonistic to strychnin. Dose mu xxx— gj. Unof. Amylic (am-i//-ić) [äuvžov, starch]. Pertaining to Amyl. A. Alcohol, Fusel Oil, Potato Starch Alco- hol, Amyl Hydrate. An alcohol having the compo- sition C.H.I.O, occurring in the continued distillation of fermented grain. The pure substance has consid- erable value as a hypnotic. In large doses it Sup- presses tactile sensibility and produces motor paraly- sis. It is employed with advantage in mental disorders. It was formerly much used to adulterate whisky. Dose mu I5–75. Unof. Amylo-dextrin (am-il-o-deks/-trim). thro-dex/rizz. See So/uð/e Starch. Amylogen (am-i/-o-jen) [äuvžov, starch ; Yevhe, pro- duce]. Soluble starch. Amylogenic (am-il-o-jen/-ić) ſºuvAoy, starch : Yevhg. produce]. Starch-producing. Same as Ery- AMYLOID Amyloid (am/-il-oid) [äuv% ov, starch; eiðoç, form]. Starch-like. A. Bodies, pathological products re- sembling starch grains found in the membranes of the brain and other nervous tissues, the prostate, etc. A. Degeneration, waxy, fatty, or lardaceous degenera- tion; a disease occurring in most of the organs of the body, and indicative of impaired nutritive function. It is a nitrogenous, not starchy body, of uncertain compo- sition. For staining see Zodin, Methyl Violet, Safra- min, Rose Bengale, in Table of Stains. A. Kidney. See Bright’s Disease. Amylolysis (am-il-o/-is-is) . [aplvžov, starch; Žiotç, solution]. The digestion of starch, or its conversion into Sugar. - Amylolytic (am-il-o-lit'-i}) [äuvAov, starch; Wijotg, so- lution]. Pertaining to or effecting the digestion of starch. Pertaining to ferments, like the saliva and pancreatic juice, that convert starch into sugar. Amylometer (am-il-om/-et-er) [äuvžov, starch; uérpov, a measure]. An apparatus for estimating the amount of starch in a solution. Amyloplast (am/-il-o-plast) [äuvžov, starch; Tāāooetv, to form]. A leucoplast; a starch-forming protoplasmic granule. Amylopsin (am-il-op/-sin) [äuvãov, starch; 6 pug, ap- pearance]. A ferment said to exist in pancreatin. See Aerments. Amylose (am/-il-os) [äuvãov, starch]. Any one of a certain group of the carbohydrates, comprising starch, glycogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, cellulose, and tunicin. Amylum (am/-i/-um) [L., gem. Amyl; J, CH10O3. Starch. The internal cells of Triticum vulgaris, common wheat, all other cereals, and many tubers, piths, and roots, such as potato, cassava, etc.; it con- stitutes nearly the whole of arrow-root, tapioca, and Sago. It is converted into glucose by boiling with mineral acids. It is one of the most valuable nutrients known, but inert medicinally. A. glyceritum, a jelly for external application. Starch Io, water Io, glycerin 8o. A., Mucilago (B. P.), used in making enemata. A. iodatum, contains starch 95, iodin 5 per cent., triturated with distilled water and dried, Dose 3 j- 3 ss. See Zable of Carbohydrates under Carbohydraße. Amyocardia (am-i-o-kar’-de-ah) [á priv.; uic, muscle; kapóia, the heart]. Lack of muscular power in the heart’s contractions. Amyosthenia (am-i-o-sthe-ne-ah) [á priv.; uic, mus- cle; offévoc, force]. Deficient muscular power with- out obvious disease or lesion. Amyosthenic (am-i-o-sthen/-ić) [á priv.; uic, muscle; offèvoc, force]. Pertaining to amyosthenia. Also, a medicine or agent depressing muscular action. Amyotrophia (am-i-o-tro/-fe-ah) [ä priv.; uic, muscle; Tpopñ, nourishment]. Atrophy of a muscle. Amyotrophic (am-i-o-troff-ić) [á priv.; uic, muscle; Tpoº?, nourishment]. Dependent on or relating to muscular atrophy. A. Paralysis, that which is due to muscular atrophy. Amyotrophy (am-i-of/-roºfe). See Amyotrophia. Amyous (am’-i-us] [& priv.; uïc, muscle]. Weak; deficient in muscle or muscular strength. Amyrin (am’-e-rin), ſamyris], CoPH660. A resinous Principle derived from Mexican Elemi. Amyris ele. mifera, L. Amyris (am’-e-ris) [L.]. A genus of tropical trees and shrubs producing fragrant resins and gums, such as Elemi, etc. Amyxia (ak-miºs'-e-ah) [á priv.; uíša, mucous]. De- ficiency in the normal secretion of mucus. Ana (an/-ah) [ävá, so much each]: A Greek preposi- tion signifying through, up, again, etc. In prescrip- tions contracted to ad, meaning of each. *. 73 ANACROASIA Anabamous (an-ab/-am-us) [ävá, upward; 36vely, to go]. In biology, climbing, as certain fishes (Ana. &as scandens). Anabasis (an-ab/-as-is) [ävalſłaivetv, to go up]. The increasing stage of a fever or other acute disease; the stage preceding the climax. Anabatic (an-aē-at'-ić) [āvaſarukóç, ascending]. In- creasing; growing more intense; as the anabatic stage of a fever. Anabiosis (an-aē-i-o/-sis) [ävaguóetv, to come to life again]. The phenomenon of a restoration of vitality possessed by certain organisms after apparent death, or even after heating to 140° C. Anabiotic (an-aē-i-ot'-ić) [ävaſtóelv, to come to life again]. I. Relating to anabiosis. 2. Restoring the strength or activity. Anabole (an-ab’-o-le) [ävagá22etv, to throw up]. A throwing up ; what is thrown up; vomit; vomiting; expectoration; regurgitation. Anabolergy (an-aē-o/-er-ſe) [ävaſ?ážzetv, to throw up; £pyov, work]. The force expended or work per- formed in anabolism, or in anabolic processes. Anabolic (an-aē-o/-ié) [äva;3á22etv, to throw or build up]. Pertaining to or characterized by anabolism. Anabolin (an-ab’-o-lin) [ävaſ?á%Zelv, to throw or build up]. Any substance formed during the anabolic process. Anabolism (an-ab’-o-lizm) [ävaſ?áželv, to throw or build up]. Synthetic or constructive metabolism. Activity and repair of function. Opposed to Cata- bolism. The process by which simpler elements are built up into more complex. See Metabolism. Anabrosis (an-aē-ro/-sis) [äväßpoolſ, an eating up]. Corrosion, or superficial ulceration. Anabrotic (an-aē-roſ/-ī4) [äváðpoag, an eating up]. Pertaining to anabrosis; corrosive. Anacamptic (an-ak-amp/-tić) [ävakáuTrety, to bend back]. Reflected, as sound or light; pertaining to or causing a reflection. Anacanthous (an-ak-an/-thus) [äväkauffog, spineless]. Without spines. Anacardium (an-ak-ar'-de-um) [ävá, up; kapóta, the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds]. I. A genus of tropical trees. A. occidentale yields cashew gum and the cashew nut. 2. The oil of the pericarp of the cashew nut, known as cardol, and used as an escharotic. Of reputed value in leprosy. A. Tinct., I to Io of rectified spirit. Dose, mij–x. A. Ung., one part of the tar to eight of lard or vaselin. Used as a blistering ointment. Anacatadidymous (an-ak-at-ad-iº/-im-us) [ävá, up; Kará, down; 6tóvuoc, a twin]. Divided above and below, but jointed centrally into one; said of certain twin monsters. Anacatadidymus (an-ak-at-ad-id"-im-us) [ävá, up; Kará, down; and Ötövuoc, a twin]. An anacatadidy- mous monstrosity. Anacatharsis (an-aē-ath-ar/-sis) [ävá, up; káðapouc, purgation]. Expectoration; vomiting. Anacathartic (an-ak-ath-ar/-fié) [ävá, up; káflapatc, purgation]. Causing anacatharsis. Anaclasis (an-aſſ/-/as-is) [ävákhaotg, a breaking off, or back]. I. Reflection or refraction of light or sound. 2. A fracture; forcible flexion of a stiff joint. Anaclastic (an-aš-lasſ-tić) [āvākāagic, a breaking off, or back]. Pertaining to refraction, or to anaclasis. Anaclisis (an-aš/-ſis-is) [äväkätaw, a reclining]. Decu- bitus; the reclining attitude. Anacroasia (an-ak-ro-a/-ze-ah) [äv priv.; &Kpóaoag, hear- ing]. Inability to understand words that are heard, while the same words if read by the patient are under- stood. AN ACROTIC Anacrotic (an-ak-rot/-ić) [av priv.; dºpóaoag, hearing]. Relating to or characterized by anacrotism. Anacrotism (an-aſſ/-ro-tizm) [ävakporéetv, to lift up and strike together]. A pe culi arity of the pulse-curve, when a series of closely-placed elastic vibrations occur in the upper part of the line of ascent, so that the apex appears den- tate and forms an angle with the line of de- scent. It is constant in the venous pulse ; is found in the arterial pulse when the systole of the left ventricle continues until the walls of the arteries begin to oscillate during the diastole. It occurs in hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle (aortic insufficiency). Anacusia (an-ak-u/-se-ah). [äv priv.; ākofen, to hear]. Complete deafness; abolition of the sense of hearing. Anadenia (an-ad-e'-ne-ah) [äv priv.; āöffy, gland]. In- sufficiency of glandular function. Chronic want of gastric Secretion. Anadicrotic (an-a/-di-Aroº’-à) [ävá, upward; twice; kpótog, a stroke]. CrOtlSIm. Anadicrotism (an-ah-di/-Årot-izm) [ävá, upward; 6tc, twice; KpóTog, a stroke]. Dicrotism of the pulse- wave occurring in the upward stroke. Anadidymous (an-ad-id/-im-us) [ävá, up; 6tóvuoc, a twin J. Cleft upward into two, while single below— said of certain joined twins. Anadidymus (an-ad-id/-im-us) [ävá, up; 6tóvuoc, a twinj. An anadidymous monster. Anadiplosis (an-ah-diº-lo/-sis) [avá, up, back; Öttàóety, to double]. The reduplication or redoubling of a fever- paroxysm. Anadiplotic (an-ah-diff-lot/-i}) [ävá, up; 64t26.etv, to double]. Characterized by anadiplosis. Anadipsia (an-ah-diº/-se-ah) [ävá, intensive; 6tpa, ANACROTIC RADIAL PULSE- TRACINGS a, a, the anacrotic parts. 6%, Characterized by anadi- thirst]. Intense thirst. Anadipsic (an-ah-dip’-sić) [ävá, intensive; 6ápa, thirst]. Causing or relating to great thirst. Anadosis (an-ad'-o-sis) [aváčogic, distributing]. Vomit- ing; upward determination of blood. Anadrom (an-ad”-rom) [ävá, up; 6papeiv, to run]. In biology, a fish that ascends rivers to spawn. Anadromous (an-ad/-ro-mus) [äváópouog, running up]. Ascending; moving upward. Said of pains, etc. Anaematopoiesis (an-e-mat-o-poi-e'-sis). See Ane- amatopoiesis. * Anaematosis (an-e-mat-o’-sis). See Anematosis. Anaemia (an-e'-me-ah). See Anemia. Anaemotrophy (an-e-moſ/-ro-fe). See Anemotrophy. Anaërobia (an-a-er-o’-be-ah) [äv priv.; &#p, air; Biog, life]. Microörganisms having the power of living without either air or free oxygen. A., Facultative, ap- plied to organisms normally or usually living in the presence of oxygen, but under certain circumstances becoming anaérobic. Anaërobic (an-a-e-ro'-bić)[āv priv.; &#p, air; Étoc, life]. A term used of microörganisms, that live in the ab- sence of free oxygen or air. See Ağroðic. w Anaërobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o/-sis) [äv priv.; &#p, air; Bíog, life]. I.ife sustained in the absence of free oxy- gen; the power of living where there is no free Oxygen. w Anaërobiotic (an-a-er-o-bi-off’-ić). Same as Amaërobi- 0.245. Anaerobious (an-a-e-ro/-be-us) [äv priv.; &#p, air; Stoc, life]. In biology, capable of existing without free 74 ANALOGUE oxygen by a power of obtaining oxygen from organic Substances. Anaerophyte (an-a/-e-ro-fit) [äv priv.; &#p, air; purów, a plant]. In biology, a plant capable of living with. out a direct supply of oxygen. ^, Anaeroplastic (an-a-er-o-plas/-tić) [äv., priv.; &#p, air; Thäogetv, to shapel. Pertaining to anaéroplasty. Anaeroplasty (an-a/-er-o-plas-fe) [äv priv.; áñp, air; TZágoelv, to shape]. The treatment of wounds by im. mersion in warm water, so as to exclude the air. Anaesthesia (an-es-the-2e-ah). See Anesthesia. Anaesthetic (an-es-thet/-ä). See Anesthetic. Anaetiological (an-e-te-o-o/-ić-al). See Ametiological. Anagallis (an-as-a/-äs) #. A genus of plants. A. arvensis, Pimpernel. An herb having some local reputation as a remedy for rheumatism and as a pre- ventive of hydrophobia. , Dose of the fluid extract gi. Anagennesis (an-aſ-en-e'-sis) [ávayévvmouc, regenera- tion]. Reparation or reproduction of tissues. Anagnostakis's Operation. See Operations, Table of Anagraph (an/-a-graf) ſavaypaſp#, a writing out]. A physician’s prescription or recipe. Anagyrin (an-aſ-i'-rin) [Anagyris, from ävá, back- Ward; Yipoc, a circle], CiºłHis N,0,. An alkaloid from the seeds of Amagyris factida, L., a leguminous shrub of Southern Europe. Its hydrochlorate is poi- Sonous, slowing the respiration, and interfering with the heart’s action. Unof. - Anakroasia (an-ak-ro-a/-ze-ah). See Amacroasia. Anakusis (an-ak-u/-sis). See Anacusia. Anal (a/-ma!) [anus, the fundament]. the anus. Analepsia (an-al-eft Z-se-ah). See Analepsis. Analepsis (an-a/-ep/-sis) [ävá%mplg, a taking up..] Re- covery of strength after disease. . Analepsy (an/-a/-ep-se). See Analepsis. Analeptic (an-a/-ep’-tić) [ävažmtrakóc, restorative]. I. Restorative. 2. Any agent restoring strength after ill- ness, as nourishing foods and tonics. Analgen (an-a/-jen) [äv priv.; &Ayoc, pain], CosłIl- N2O4. A white, tasteless, crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water, soluble with difficulty in cold alcohol, but more readily in hot alcohol and dilute acids. It melts at 406.4° F. It is employed as an analgesic, antineuralgic, and antipyretic, in doses of from seven and a half to thirty grains. Unof. Analgesia (an-a/-fe'-ze-ah) [äv priv.; &Wyog, pain]. Insensibility to or absence of pain. Analgesic (an-a/je’-sić) [áv priv.; &Wyoc, pain]. I. Anodyne; relieving pain. 2. Affected with analgesia. 3. A remedy that relieves pain either by depressant action on the nerve centers or by impairing the con- ductivity of nerve fibers. Analgesin (an-al-jeſ-sin). See Antipyrin. Analgia (an-a/-je-a/) [äv priv.; ā%)og, pain]. ysis of the sense of pain; absence of pain. Analgic (an-a/-již) [āv priv.; &Ayoc, pain]. Analgesic. Analogism (an-a/-o-jism) [ävažoytouðc, reasoning; ãvá, through ; 26 yog, ratioj. Diagnosis by analogy or by reasoning. Analogous (an-a/-o-gus)[ävážoyoc, conformable]. Con- forming to, proportionate, answering to. See, also, Analogue. A. Tissues, morbid tissues similar to the elementary and normal tissues of the body. Analogue (an/-al-og) [ävážoyog, conformable]. A part or organ having the same function as another, but with a difference of structure. The correlative term, Aomologue, denotes identity of structure with differ. ence of function. The wing of the butterfly and that of the bird are analogous, but the wing of a bird and the arm of a man are homologous. A., Non- homologous, are parts that have a similarity of Pertaining to Paral- ANALYSIS function without any similarity as to relative posi- tion, e.g., the legs of a lizard and those of a lobster. A., Homologous, is used of parts that are similar both as to function and relative position, e.g., the wings of a bat and of a bird. ... - Analysis (an-a/-is-is) [ävažūetv, to unloose]. The resolution of compound bodies into simpler, or con- stituent parts. A., Densinetric, analysis of a subject by means of determining the specific gravity of the solution and thus estimating the amount of dissolved matter. A., Gasometric, the determination of the constituents of gaseous compounds, especially the determination of the amount of oxygen in Samples of atmospheric air. A., Gravimetric, the quantitative determination by weight of the elements of a body. A., Organic, the determination of the elements of matter formed under the influence of life. The analysis of animal and vegetable tissues. A., Proxi- mate, the determination of the simpler compound elements into which a substance may be resolved. A., Qualitative, the determination of the nature and number of elements that compose a body. A., Quan- titative, the determination of the proportionate parts of the various elements of a compound. A., Spectral, the determination of the composition of a body by means of the spectroscope. A., Ultimate, the resolution of a compound, not into its simpler constituents, but its ultimate elements. A., Volumetric, the quantitative determination of a constituent by ascertaining the volume of a liquid required to complete a given re- action. “. Analyzer (an/-a/-ī-zer). [ävažíetv, to unloose]. In microscopy, the Nicol prism placed at some level above the object which receives and exhibits the properties of light after polarization. Anamirtin (an-am-er/-tin) [Anamirta, a genus of plants], CiołIssO2. A glycerid derived from Cocculus indicus, the berry-like fruit of Azzamirta paniculata, L Anamnesia (an-am-ne/-ze-ah). See Anamnesis. Anamnesis (an-am-ne/-sis) [äväuvmouc, a recalling to mind.]. I. The faculty of memory; recollection. 2. That which is recollected: information gained re- garding the past history of a case from the patient or from his friends or from other persons. Anamnestic (an-am-nes/-tik) [äväuvm.gic, a recalling to mind.]. I. Recalling to mind; remembering. 2. Restorative of the memory. Anamnia (an-am/-ne-ah). Anamnionic See Amniota. - tº . ~~ º:::::::: -£4). Same as Anamniotic. Anamniotic (an-am-ne-of/-ié) [äv priv.; duvtov, am- nion]. In biology, without an amnion, as fishes. Anamorphism (an-am-orf7-izm). Same as Anamor- phosis. Anamorphosis (an-am-orf-of-sis) [ävauápºogic; áva, again; Popºćetv, to form]. Distortion or anomaly of development. In biology, gradual change of form in successive members of a group. Anamorphosy (am-am-ory ºfo-se). See Anamorphosis. Aham Ulcer. A form of phagedena such as is common in hot-countries. It begins with an inflammation starting from a small abrasion of the skin, generally on the foot and leg, with sloughing of the inflamed skin, producing a sharp-cut ulcer that spreads slowly, preceded by an area of inflammation. Its course is remarkably slow, and its resistance to treat- ºnent obstinate. Syphilis and anemia are predisposing factors. Anandria (an-an/-dre-ah) [áv priv.; &v%p, man]. Lack of virility; male impotence. Anandrous (an-an/-drus) [äv priv.; ávhp, e a malel. In biology, without stamens. I 75 * ANAPNEOMETER Anantherous (an-an/-ther-us) [äv priv.; anthera, anther]. In biology, without anthers. Ananthous (am-an/-thus) [äv priv.; āv6og, a flower]. In biology, destitute of flowers. Anantochasmus (an-an-to-kaz/-mus) [ävávrmſ, steep; záopia, a chasm]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which there is a forward inclination of the line con- necting the basion and staphylion. Anantocoryphus (an-an-to-Aor/-if-us) [ävávrmſ, steep; Kopvpff, the crown]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line connecting the bregma and lambda is between 52° and 41°. Anantopyl (an-ant/-o-fi/) [ävávrmſ, steep, up-hill; T£2m, an entrance]. A term applied by Lissauer to skulls in which the foramen magnum looks slightly forward when referred to the radius fixus as a hori- zontal. Ananturaniscus (an-an-tu-ran-isſ-kus) [ävávtmg, steep; ôvpavioxog, canopy, vault]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which there is a forward inclination of the line joining the alveolar point and the posterior border of the incisive foramen. Ananturanus (an-an-fu-ra/-nus) [ävávtmg, steep; ôvpavóg, the vault]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the radius fixus being horizontal, there is a forward-looking of the palate. Anapeiratic (an-aft-i-rat/-74) [ävatelpāoffat, to do again]. Due to frequent repetition; a general term for such affections as writers’ and telegraphers’ cramp, or paralysis. Anaphalantiasis (an-aſ-a/-an-tū/-as-is) [ävá, up ; 94%av6og, bald in front]. The falling out of the eye- brows. Anaphases (an-aſ-a/ se?) [ävá, up; dotſ, a phase]. In biology, the phenomena of karyokinesis immediately preceding the formation of the daughter stars, and up to the formation of the resting daughter nuclei. See Metaphases. Anaphia (an-a/-fe-ah) [äv priv; diff, touch]. Defect in the sense of touch. - Anaphrodisia (an-afro-diz'-e-ah) [äv priv.; 'Aſºpoćirm, Venus]. Absence or impairment of sexual appetite. Anaphrodisiac (an-afro-diz'-e-aſſ) [äv priv.; "Appoëttm, Venus]. I. Relating to, affected by, or causing anaphrodisia. 2. An agent that allays the sexual desire. Anaphroditic (an-afro-diº/-ié) [äv priv.; Venus]. Asexually produced. Anaphroditous (an-aſ-rod/-it-us) [äv priv.; Appočirm, Venus]. Having no sexual impulses or appetite. Anaplase (an/-ap-lāz) [ävá, up; Tââogetv, to build]. The stage of growth and development; the period before full maturity. Anaplast (an/-ap-last) [ävaſthäooetv, to shape). A.eucoplast. Anaplastic (an-ap-las/-tić) [ävaſt?áogetv, to build up]. I. Relating to anaplasty; restoring a lost or defective part. 2. An agent that facilitates repair by restoring or increasing the plastic elements of the blood. Anaplasty (an/-ag-las-te) [ävatāāogetv, to build up]. Qperation for the renewal or restoration of lost parts, commonly called a plastic operation; plastic Surgery. Anaplerosis (an-aft-le-ro’-sis) [ävá, up; Tºmpósty, to fill]. The restoration or repair of a wound, sore, or lesion in which there has been a loss of substance. Anaplerotic (an-ap-le-roº/-ić) [ävá, up; Tâmpôetv, to fill]. I. Promotive of repair, favoring granulation. 2. A remedy or application that promotes repair. Anapneometer (an-ap-ne-om/-et-er) [ävaſtvoff, respira- tion; plátpov, a measure]. An anapnograph. Appoćttm, See ANAPNOGRAPH . Anapnograph (an-ap/-no-graf) [āvartvoff, respiration; Ypáðety, to write]. An apparatus registering the move- ments of inspiration and expiration, together with the quantity of air inhaled. Anapnoic (an-op-no/-ić) [ävá, against; it vola, want of breath]. Favoring respiration; relieving dyspnea. Anapnometer (an-aſ-nom/-et-er) [ävaſtvoff, respiration; AuéTpov, a measure]. An anapneometer. Anapophysis (an-aft-off’-is-is) [ävá, back; āróðvoic, an offshoot]. An accessory process of a lumbar or posterior dorsal vertebra, corresponding to the inferior tubercle of the transverse process of a typical dorsal vertebra. Anarcotin cotic]. power. Anargyrus (an-a”-fir-zes) [äv priv.; āpyvpoc, silver: A/., Amazºgyri). An old name for a practitioner who treated the sick gratuitously. Anarrhea, or Anarrhoea (an-ar-e'-ah) [ävá, up; bota, flow]. Afflux to an upper part, as of blood to the head. Anarrhexis (an-ar-eks/-is) [ävá, up; 67%, fracture]. Surgical refracture of a bone. Anarthria (an-ar'-thre-a/) [äv priv.; iipffoov, articula- tion]. I. Partial aphasia from partial destruction of the paths of the motor tracts of speech, and characterized by defective articulation. 2. Without joints. Anarthrous (an-ar'-thrus) [äv priv.; &pſpov, a joint]. Jointless. So corpulent that no joints are visible. Anasarca (an-a/-sar/-/a/.) [ävá, through ; Gápé, the flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the areolar tis- sues of the body. If associated with effusion of fluid into serous cavities it is called general dropsy. If the affection is local, it is called edema. This local form is generally the result of some mechanical obstruction to the flow of blood in the part. Anasarcous (an-ah-sar/-Aus) [äva, through ; cap;, the flesh]. Affected with anasarca. - Anaspadias (an-as-ſa/-de-as) [ävá, up; otáelv, to draw]. An urethral opening upon the upper surface of the penis. Anastaltic (an-as-ta/-tić) [ävaotažTucóg, checking, putting back, or up; oté%elv, to send]. I. Strongly astringent. 2. Centripetal; afferent; used of nerve- CurrentS. Anastasis (an-asſ-fas-is) [äváo Taoig, a setting up]. Re- covery; convalescence; a state of improving health, vigor, or development. Anastate (an/-as-ſàt) [äváotaroc, caused to rise]. Any Substance that appears in or is characteristic of an anabolic process. Anastatic (an-as-ſa/-i}) [ävágratoc, caused to rise]. Tending to recovery; restorative. Anastole (an-as’-(o-ſe) [ävaorožň, retracted]. Retrac- tion ; shrinking away, as of the lips of a wound. Anastom (an/-as-ſàm) [äva, above; otóga, mouth]. Any mouthless organism ; specifically, a member of the genus Anastoma, among the Gasteropods or Orthop- tera, or Areactomezes among the Salmonidae. Anastomosis (am-as-to-mo/-sis) [ävao Touðelv, to bring to a mouth]. The intercommunication of vessels. Anastomotic arteries of the thigh, etc., branches of the brachial, femoral, etc., whereby the collateral circula- tion is established after ligature for aneurysm, etc. The term has been inaccurately used of the junction of the nerve-filaments. A., Crucial, an arterial an- astomosis in the upper part of the thigh, formed by the anastomotic branch of the sciatic, the first perforating, the internal circumflex, and the transverse branch of the external circumflex. A., Intestinal, an opera- tion consisting in establishing a communication be- tween the intestine above and that below the obstruc- N. : : [á priv.; vapkottkóc, nar- arcotin, so called from its lack of narcotic 76 ANAZOTURIA tion, in cases of intestinal obstruction. In this way the impermeable portion of the bowel is excluded from the fecal circulation. Anastomotic (an-as-to-mot/-ić) [āvaarouáelv, to bring to a mouth]. Pertaining to anastomosis. Anatherapeusis (an-ath-er-ap-u/-sis) [ävá, forward; flepatetoug, medical treatment]. Treatment by in- creasing doses. Anathrepsis (an-ath-repſ-sis) [äváðpeºplc, a fresh growth.J.. A renewal of lost flesh after recovery. Anathreptic (an-ath-rep'-tié) [äváðpeptc, a growth.J. Restorative of lost flesh; nutritive. Anatomical (an-at-om/-ić-al) [ävarouía, anatomy]. Pertaining to anatomy. A. Tubercle. See Vez- 7teca necrogenica. Anatomism (an-a”-om-izm) [āvarouía, anatomy]. The theory that anatomical conditions determine all the phenomena of life, health, and disease. Anatomist (an-at'-om-ist) [ävatouia, anatomy]. One who is expert in anatomy. A.'s Snuff-box, the tri- angular space between the tendons of the extensor of the metacarpal bone of the thumb and the extensor of the first phalanx on the back of the hand. Anatomy (an-at-o-me) [ävá, up, apart; Tāuvetv, to cut]. The dissection of organic bodies in order to study their structure, the situations and uses of their organs, etc. A., Applied, anatomy as concerned in the diagnosis and management of pathological conditions. A., Compar- ative, the investigation and comparison of the anatomy of different orders of animals or of plants, one with an- other. A., Descriptive, a study of the separate and individual portions of the body, apart from their rela- tionship to surrounding parts. A., Gross, anatomy of the macroscopic tissues. A., Homological, the study of the correlations of the several parts of the body. A., Minute, that studied under the micro- scope. A., Morbid or Pathological, a study of diseased structures. A., Physiognomical, the study of expressions depicted upon the exterior of the body, especially upon the face. A., Regional, a study of limited parts or regions of the body, the divisions of which are collectively or peculiarly affected by disease, injury, operations, etc. A., Surgical, the application of anatomy to Surgery. A., Topographical, the anatomy of a single portion or part of the body. A., Transcendental, the study of the general design of the body, and of the particular design of the organs. A., Veterinary, the anatomy of domestic animals. Anatripsis (an-at-rip/-sis) [ävárpalpig, a rubbing]. Rub- bing; the removal of a part or growth by scraping or rubbing; inunction. Also an upward or centripetal movement in massage. Anatripsology (an-at-rift-sol/-0-ſe) [ävárptibuſ, a rub- bing; %yog, science]. The science of friction as a remedial agent. Anatriptic (an-at-rip/-tić) [aváTpulptc, a rubbing]. medicine to be applied by rubbing. Anatropal (an-at/-ro-pal) [ävatpételv, to turn upside down]. See Amatropous. Anatropous (an-at/-ro-pus) [ävá, up; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, inverted. Applied to the ovule when com- pletely inverted, so that the hilum and micropyle are brought close together. Anaudia (an-aw/-de-ah) [äv priv.; abó%, voice]. Loss of voice; dumbness; inability to articulate. Anaxonia (an-aks-o/-ne-ah) [äv priv.; &#ov, axle, axis]. In biology, organic forms wholly irregular or varying, and without axes. Anazoturia (an-az-of-u/-re-ah) [äv priv.; azotum, nitro- gen; oipov, urine]. A name applied to that form of chronic diuresis in which urea is deficient or absent from the urine. fresh A ANBURY - 77 Anbury (am/-ber-e) [E. dialect]. A soft tumor or pendulous wart, chiefly on horses and cattle. Ancecerite (an-se/-ser-it) [äyk), bent; képag, a . In biology, a curved process attached to the peduncle of the second pair of antennae in certain crustacea. Ancestral germ-plasms. Weismann’s “Ahmenplas- men.” See Za. Anchieta (an-che-a/-tah). [Anchietea, a Brazilian botan- ist]. A genus of violaceous plants. A. salutaris, vegetable mercury. The root of a violaceous plant growing in Brazil, highly recommended as a purga- tive, and as an alterative in syphilitic affections; it is possibly identical with Manaca, Q. v. Anchilops (ang/-kil-ops). See Anchylops. Anchorage (ang/-kor-āj) [M. E., an/éren, an anchor]. The fixation of a floating or displaced viscus, whether by a natural process or by surgical means. Anchusa (ang-kuº'-sa/º) [äxovoa, alkanet]. A genus of boraginaceous herbs. See Alkanet. Anchusin (ang/-ku-sin) [äxovoa, alkanet], Cash,00s. The red coloring matter characteristic of alkanet-root. See A/kazzet. Anchyloglossia (ang-kil-o-glosſ-e-ah). See Tongue-tie. Anchylops (ang/-kil-ops) [äyżt, near; &lp, the eyel. Abscess at inner angle of eye, prior to rupture. Anchylosis (ang-kil-o/-sis). See Ankylosis. Anchylostomiasis (ang-kil-o-sto-mi/-as-is). 7/22(2S2S. Anchylostomum (ang-kil-osſ-to-mum) [äykö20c, crook- ed; oróga, mouth]. A genus of slender nematoid worms inhabiting the human intestines. Dochmius (Anchylostoma) duodenalis. Leuck. See Parasites, Animal, Table of. Ancipital (an-sip/-it-al) [anceps, double]. two-edged. Ancome (an/-kum) [E. dialect]. Swelling that comes on suddenly. Ancon (ang/-kon) [äyków, the elbow]. Originally the olecranon process; applied to the elbow generally. Anconad (ang/-ko-mad) [äyków, the elbow]. Toward the olecranon, or elbow. Anconagra (ang-kon-a/-grah) [äyków, the elbow; &ypa, a seizure]. Arthritic pain at the elbow. Anconal (ang/-kon-al) [äyków, the elbow]. Pertain- ing to the elbow. Anconeal (ang-ko'-ne-a/). Same as Anconal. Anconen (ang/-Éon-en) [äyków, the elbow]. Belonging to the ancon in itself. Anconeus (ang-ko-me/-us) [äyków, the elbow]. A Small muscle, an extensor of the forearm, inserted into the olecranon and upper third of the forearm. It See Doch- In biology, An inflammation or arises from the external condyle of the humerus. See Muscles, Table of Anconoid (ang-kon-oid) [äyków, the elbow]. Re- sembling the elbow. Ancora (ang’-ko-rah) [L., an anchor]. an anchor-shaped Synapta spicule. Ancyloblepharon (an-siſ-o-bley’-ar-on). ôlepharon. Ancyloglossum (an-sil-o-glos/-um). See Tongue-tie. Ancylomele (an-sil-o-me/-le). See Ankylomele. Ancyroid (an/-sir-oid) [äykupa, anchor; eiðoç, form]. Shaped like an anchor. Andersch's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of: Anderson's Antipruritic Powder. A powder used in eczema. It consists of powdered starch, 3 vi; oxid of zinc, 3 iss; powdered camphor, 3 SS. *Anderson's (McCall) Ointment. Anointment consist- ing of powdered bismuth oxid 3.j, oleic acid f : j, white wax 3 iij, vaselin gix. These are heated together and when nearly cool a little oil of rose is added. It is an excellent soothing ointment for the skin.- In biology, See Ankylo- ANIDROPOGON Anderson’s Pill. The compound gamboge pill. Andira (an-di/-rah) [L.]. A genus of tropical legumi- nous trees. A. araroba, affords the Goa Powder (see Araroba). Several species yield active medicines, chiefly of local repute. A. inermis (Cabbage-tree). A. anthelminatica, of Brazil, and A. refusa, of Guiana, have barks efficacious against worms. Andranatomy (an-dram-at'-o-me) [ävñp, a man; âvatouta, anatomy]. Human anatomy; the anatomy or dissection of the male human subject. Andrecium, or Androecium (an-dre/-se-um) [ävñp, a man; oikoç, a house]. In biology, a term applied to the stamens as a whole. Androclinium (an-dro-Alin/-e-um). See Climandrium. Andro-diecious (an-dro-di-e'-she-us) [ävñp, male; 6íg, two; oikoç, a house]. In biology, flowers stami- nate on one plant, perfect on another. Androgalactozemia (an-dro-ga/-a/-äo-ze/-mee-a/.) [äv%p, man; yaža, milk; &mplía, loss]. The presence of milk in the male mammae. Androgonidium (an-dro-gon-id/-e-um). See Andro- spore. Androgyna (am-dro/-in-ah) [äväp, man; yová, woman]. An hermaphrodite; a female in whom the genital organs are similar to those of the male. Androgyneity (an-droj-in-e'-it-e) [äväp, man; yuvá, woman]. Hermaphroditism. Androgynism (am-droj/-in-izm) [äväp, man; yová, woman]. Hermaphroditism. Androgynous (an-dro/-in-tas) [ävñp, man; yov%, woman]. Hermaphrodite. In biology, having male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Androgynus (an-droj/-in-us) [äväp, man; yová, woman]. An hermaphrodite. A male with genital organs similar to those of the female. Androgyny (an-dro/-in-è). See Androgynism. Andrology (an-dro/-0-ſe) [äväp, man; 26 yog, science]. I. The science of man, especially of the male sex. 2. The science of the diseases of the male genito- urinary organs. Andromania (an-dro-ma/-ne-ah) [äväp, a man; uavía, madness]. Nymphomania, 7, z. Andromeda (an-drom/-e-dah) ['Avôpopuéóm, a mytholo- gical character]. A genus of ericaceous shrubs hav- ing poisonous or narcotic properties. The leaves of A. mariana and A. nitida, of North America, and of A. polyſoſia of both continents, are useful in the external treatment of old ulcers, a decoction being ap- plied hot to the sore. Unof. Andromonoecious (an-dro-mo-me/-she-us) [avāp, male; plóvog, single; oikoç, house]. In biology, of or per- taining to a plant that bears staminate and perfect, but no pistillate flowers. Andromorphous (an-dro-mor/ſus) [äväp, man; ſtoppſ, form]. Shaped like a man. Androphobia (an-dro-fo'-be-ah) [äväp, man; páſłoc, dread]. Fear or dislike of man. Androphonomania (an-dro-ſo-no-ma/-ne-ah) [ävópo- póvog, man-killing ; plavia, madness]. Homicidal in- sanity. Androphore (an/-dro-fºr) [ävñp, man; pépety, to bear]. In biology, a stalk supporting an andrecium, a stami- neal column, or a body supporting an antheridium. In biology, a generative bud of a hydrozoan producing male elements only. Andropogon (an-dro-po'-gon) [äväp, man ; Tóyov, beard]. A genus of coarse grasses of many species. A. mardus affords oil of citronella; A. citratus, lemon- grass oil; A. Schaenanthus, oil of rusa, etc. These oils are employed in perfumery, and are said to be use- ful in rheumatism. The oil-bearing andropogons are chiefly S. Asiatic. Unof. ANDROSPORANGIUM Androsporangium (am-dro-spo-ran/-je-um) [ävñp, man; otopá, a spore; dyyelov, a vessel]. In biology a Sporangium producing androspores. Androspore (an/-dro-spor) [ävñp, a man; otópoc, seed]. In biology, the peculiar swarmspore of the CEaogoniece which develops to a “dwarf male’’ and gives rise to antherozoids. Androtomous (an-drot/-o-mus) [äväp a man; tepweiv, to cut]. In biology, characterized by congenital division of the stamens into several parts. Androtomy (an-drot/-o-me). See Andranatomy. Andrum (an/-drum) [Guzerali andrum ; āvépôpim]. A form of elephantiasis Arabum characterized by edema of the scrotum. Aneccrisia (an-ek-ris/-e-ah) [äv priv.; Šk, out; kpiouſ, separation]. The suppression or deficiency of any excretion. Anechinoplacid (an-ek-i-no-plas/-īd) [äv priv.; #2 ivoc, a hedgehog; Tháš, a plate]. In biology, having the madreporic plate destitute of spines; the opposite of Achinop/acid. Anectasia (an-ek-ta/-se-ah). See Amectasis. Anectasis (an-eº/-as-is) [äv priv.; ŠkTagg, extension]. Deficient size of an organ or part. Aneilema (an-i-le/-mah) [ävá, up; eWéetv, to roll]. Flatulence; air or wind in the bowels; colic. Anelectric (an-el-eč/-trić) [äv priv.; jãektpov, amber]. Readily giving up electricity. Anelectrode (an-el-ek'-tröd) [ävá, upward; #28krpov, amber; 666, a path]. The positive pole of a gal- vanic battery. Anelectrotonic (an-el-ek-tro-ton/-i}) [āv priv.; #Wek- Tpov, electricity; Tóvog, tension]. Relating to anelec- trotonus. A. Zone. See Zone. Anelectrotonos (an-el-eč-trot/-o-nos) [äv priv.; #28k- Tpov, electricity; Tóvog, tension]. Anodal electrotonus. Anelectrotonus (an-el-ek-trot/-d-mus) [äv priv; jàek- Tpov, electricity; Tóvoç, tension]. In electrotherapy, the decreased functional activity that occurs in a nerve in the neighborhood of the anode. See Electrotomus and Catelectrotozzzes. Anel's Operation. See Operations, Table of A. Probe, or Sound, a fine probe used in operations upon the lachrymal passages. A. Syringe, a syringe used in injecting fluids into the lachrymal passages. Anelytrous (an-e/-it-rus) [äv priv.; 8%wrpov, shard]. In biology, with membranous wings, and no elytra. Anematopoiesis (an-e-mat-o-poi-e'-sis) [äv priv.; atua, blood; Totmotg, a making]. Deficient formation of blood. Anematosis, or Anaematosis (an-e-mat-o/-sis) [ävalua- tog, bloodless]. I. General, or idiopathic anemia; the morbid state or process that leads to anemia; that diathesis that is associated with an anemic tendency. 2. Anemia dependent on want of development of the red corpuscles of the blood. Anemia (an-e'-me-ah) [äv priv.; alua, blood]. Defi- ciency of blood, or deficiency of the relative number of its red corpuscles, the latter being the most gener- ally understood meaning and use of the term. It may be general or local. Ischemia is a form of local anemia, and is the result of mechanical inter- ference with the circulation of the affected part, either from vaso-motor spasm, thrombosis, embolism, or the action of styptics. The cause of general ane- mia is often obscure, or it may be due either to an insufficient food-supply and excessive drain or blood-waste, or from repeated hemorrhages or exhaust- ing discharges. The action of certain poisons, as mercury and lead, will also produce a form of anemia. Prolonged anemia will give rise to fatty degeneration of the organs and tissues. Adiopathic, permicious, es- 78 ANENCEPHALOTROPHIA sential, progressive, malignant, etc., are terms denoting a type resisting all treatment and steadily progressing to a fatal termination. A., Idiopathic, advances to a fatal issue, and is associated with febrile symptoms; its causation is not evident; it is called also Primary Anzemża, A., Local. See Aſperemia, Zschemia, and Anemia, A. lymphatica. Synonym of Hodgkin’s Zisease. See Lymphadenoma. A., Primary. See 4. Zdiopathic. A., Secondary, or Symptomatic, follows some ascertainable lesion or injury, or from some other disease. A., Symptomatic. See A., Secondary. - Anemiate, or Anaemiate (an-e'-me-ãt) [äv priv; alpa, blood]. Affected with anemia. Anemiated, or Anaemiated (am-e'-me-a-ted). Anemic. Anemied, or Anaemied (an-e'-mid) [äv priv.; alua, blood]. Anemic. $ Anemic, or Anaemic (an-em/-74, an-e'-mik) [äv priv.; alua, blood}. Pertaining to anemia. A. Murmur, a blood murmur, or soft murmur heard at the base of the heart over the great vessels. A. Necrosis, a ne- crosis or death of scattered patches of the heart mus- cle, due to a want of nourishment. It arises from atheroma occluding the cardiac arteries and their branches. . Anemometer (an-e-mom/-et-er) [ävepoc, wind; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the velocity of the wind. Anemometry (an-e-mom/-et-re) [äveuog, wind; uérpov, a measure]. The art of measuring the velocity and direction of the wind, principally by means of the azze???0772efe?". Anemone (an-em/-o-ne) [ävepióvn, wind flower]. An important genus of ranunculaceous herbs, most of which have active medicinal and poisonous qualities, and some of which are used in medicine. See Pulsa- zilla. Anemonin (an-em/-o-min) [äveuávn, wind-flower], Cis- H12O6. The active principle of the Amemome. It is given in bronchitis, asthma, and convulsive cough. Dose gr. 34–34 twice daily. Anemonol (an-em/-on-ol)[äveuðvm, wind-flower; oleum, oil J. The volatile oil extracted from anemone; it is a powerful vesicant. Anemophilous (an-em-off’-i/-us) [äveuog, wind; piñoc, loving]. Depending for cross-fertilization upon the agency of the wind, as certain flowers. - Anemosis, or Anaemosis (an-em-o/-sis) [äv priv.; alua, blood]. Defective supply of blood; anemia dependent on want of red blood corpuscles. See An- ematosis. - Anemotrophy, or Anaemotrophy (an-em-of/-ro-ſe) [äv priv.; alua, blood; Tpopff, nourishment]. A deficiency of blood nourishment; an impoverished state of the blood. Anencephalia (an-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [äu priv.; $yképañoſ, brain]. Congenital absence of the brain. Anencephalic (an-en-seſ-a/-ä) [áv priv.; Śykéðahog, brain]. Pertaining to or characterized by anencephalia. Anencephalohemia (an-en-seſ-al-o-he/-me-a/.) [äv priv.; £yképañog, brain; alpa, blood]. Insufficiency of blood in the brain. - Anencephaloid (an-en-sef’-a/-oid) [äv priv.; $ykéjaž- og, brain]. Pertaining to anencephalia. Anencephaloneuria (an-en-seſ-al-on-u/-re-ah) [äv priv.; Śyképahog, brain; veipov, a nerve]. Imperfect nerve-action of the brain. Anencephalotrophia, or Anencephalotrophy (an-en- sef-al-o-tro/-fe-ah or -lot/-ro-ſe) [äv priv.; Śyképahog, brain; Tpoſph, nutrition]. Atrophy, or lack of nutri- tion of the brain. See ANENCEPHALUS Anencephalus (an-en-sef’-alºus) [äv priv.; eykéðahog, brain]. I. A species of single autositic monsters in which there is neither a trace of the brain nor a rudi- mentary representative of it. 2. According to Saint- Hilaire, a variety of the above species in which there is extensive laying open of the spinal canal with ab- sence of the spinal cord. & Anencephaly (an-en-sef’-a/-e). See Amencephalia. Anenergesia (an-en-erje/-ge-ah). See Amenergia. Anenergia (an-en-er/je-ah) [äv priv.; Évépyeta, en- ergy]. Lack of vigor or power, ... e jºr Anenteremia (an-en-ter-e'-me-a/.) [äv priv.; Évrepov, an intestine; alpa, blood]. Bloodless condition of the bowels. - Anenteroneuria (an-en-ter-o-mee/-re-a/.) [äv priv.; &vrepov, an intestine; veipov, a nerve]. Intestinal atony. . * g Anenterotrophia (an-en-ter-o-troſ-fe-a/), [äv priv.; #vrepov, an intestine; Tpopff, nourishment]. Defective intestinal nutrition. Anenterous (an-en/-ter-us) [áv priv.; £vrepov, intes- tine]. In biology, having no intestine, as a tapeworm or a fluke. - Anepia grºces) [äveſtàg, speechless]. Inability to speak. Anepiploic (an-ep-ip-loſ-i}) [äv priv.; $7titàoov, the caul]. Having no epiploön. Anepithymia (an-ep-e-thim/-e-ah) [äv priv.; Štúvuía, desire]. Loss of any natural appetite. Anerethisia (an-er-eth-iz'-e-ah) [äv priv.; Épéðiſelv, to excite]. Imperfect irritability, as of a muscle or nerve. Anergia (an-er’-je-ah) [äv priv.; Špyov, work]. Slug- gishness; inactivity. Anergic (an-er/-jić) [äv priv.; Śpyov, work]. Char- acterized by sluggishness; as anergic dementia. A. Stupor. See Insanity, Stuporous. Aneroid (an/-er-oid) [ä priv.; vmpóg, wet; eiðoç, form]. ispensing with a fluid, as quicksilver. A. Barometer. See Barometer. • Anerythroblepsia (an-er-ith-ro-blep/-se-ah). Anerythropsia. Anerythroblepsy (an-er/-ith-ro-blep-se). erythropsia. - Anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop’-se-ah) [äv priv.; Śpw- 6póg, red; 5 pig, sight]. Subnormal color perception of red. See Blindness. Anesis (an/-es-is) [äveog, remission]. An abatement or relaxation in the severity of symptoms. Anesthesia, or Anaesthesia (am-es-the-ze-ah) [ävato- 6:/ota, want of feeling]. A condition of insensibility or loss of feeling due to pathological conditions of the centers, conducting paths of the nerves, or the peri- pheral terminations of the same, or to artificial pro- duction by means of anesthetics. A., Bulbar or Central, due to central disease. A., Crossed, anes- thesia on one side of the organism, due to a central lesion of the other side. A., Doll's Head, a form of anesthesia extending over the head, neck, and upper part of the chest. A. dolorosa, severe pain experi- enced after the occurrence of complete motor and Sensory paralysis, a symptom observed in certain diseases of the spinal cord. A., Local, of a limited part of the body. A., Muscular, loss of the muscular Sense. A., Peripheral, depending upon conditions of the end-organs of the nerves, A., Surgical, by means of anesthetics for the purpose of preventing pain, producing relaxation of muscles, or for diagnos: tic purposes. Anesthesimeter (an-es-thes-im/-et-er) [ävatoffmota, want of feeling; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument to measure the amount of an anesthetic administered in a given time. Same as Same as An- wº 79 ANESTHETIC Anesthetic, or Anaesthetic (an-es-theº/-ić) [äv priv.; aloffáveoffat, to feel]. A substance that produces in- sensibility to feeling or to acute pain, diminished mus- cular action, and other phenomena. Anesthetics may be general, local, partial and complete. A., General ; the following are the substances that have been used for general anesthesia: AMYLENE, C.H.Io, a mobile liquid, thin, colorless, translucent; action rapid, pro- ducing partial anesthesia. It is used in Germany under the name of Pental; it is best administered by means of Junker's inhaler, which modifies its unplea- Sant odor; it should not be brought near a flame. CARBON TETRACHLORID, not so irritating to the organs of respiration, but far more dangerous than chloroform. CHLORAL HYDRATE, action indirect and incomplete. Rarely, if ever, now used. CHLORO- FORM, by inhalation. Largely employed in general Surgery. It seems to have a selective action upon the nervous system, and also exercises a direct influence upon the muscular tissues of the heart. It paralyzes the vaso-motor system, and death results from cardiac paralysis. Chloroform should always be administered freely mixed with air. The Method of definite mixtures, however, as recommended by Clover, and Bert, while admirable in theory, is not entirely practi- cal. The Lister Method, also known as the Scotch or Open Method of administering chloroform, consists in pouring a small amount of the anesthetic upon a com- mon towel arranged in a square of six folds, and hold- ing this as near to the face as can be borne without inconvenience. Various inhalers have been devised for the administration of chloroform, the best of which are Clover's, which consists of a large bag capable of containing a given volume of air, into which the vapor of a given quantity of chloroform is allowed to enter, the mixture being so -arranged that the tension of chloroform vapor in the air is maintained below 4.5 per cent; Junker's, as modified by ZXudley Buxton, which consists in the inhalation of air containing the chloroform vapor, the latter being taken up by pump. ing the air through a bottle containing half an ounce of the anesthetic; Krohne and Sesemann have modi- fied the foregoing by doing away with the intermit- tent, jerky delivery of the vapor and by adding to the face-piece an expiration-valve guarded by a stiff feather, which, rising in expiration and falling in in. spiration, registers the force and strength of respira- tion (Feather respiration register); Sansom's apparatus is a modification of Snow’s, substituting a gutta-percha covering for the cold-water jacket of Snow ; Snow's inhaler consists of a metallic cylindrical vessel, con- taining two coils of blotting paper, permitting free circulation of air, and surrounded by another cylinder containing water, the latter being for the purpose of equalizing the temperature. Syncope resulting from chloroform administration should be treated by lower- ing the head, artificial respiration, inhalation of nitrite of amyl, electrical stimulation, and possibly acupunc- ture of the heart. ETHENE CHLORID, formerly called ethylene chlorid, Dutch liquid, chloric ether, closely re- sembles chloroform, but is less of a cardiac depres- Sant. It is considered safer than chloroform. Death results from paralysis of the respiratory centers. ETHER, by inhalation, is probably the safest known agent for the production of prolonged narcosis. Its action is directed largely to the nervous system, which becomes profoundly affected. It frequently causes spasmodic action and suspension of respiratory action. Death results from paralysis of respiration. It may be administered alone or in combination with nitrous oxid gas, in which case the patient is more rapidly narcotized. A variety of inhalers have been devised ANESTHETIC for its administration, as follows: Allis's is probably the best form of open inhaler. It consists of a metal frame, so arranged that a flannel bandage can be stretched across and the whole surrounded with a leather case, which acts as a face-piece. Clover's port- able ether inhaler consists of a dome-shaped receptacle pierced by a central shaft connecting with a rubber bag into which the patient breathes. Moving with the face-piece is a metal indicator to register the amount of ether admitted. A water chamber surrounds the ether vessel to regulate the temperature. The Cone is much used in America. A towel is folded into the shape of a cone, a sponge is placed at the apex, and the ether poured upon this. Aſewife’s apparatus may be used for giving gas and ether. In his inhaler the inspiratory and expiratory valves are placed in a little chamber near the face-piece; a free draught of air is permitted. Ormsby's inhaler consists of a leather face-piece, crowned with a cone-shaped wire cage covered with leather and joined to a soft leather bag, covered by a loose net to prevent excessive expansion. The wire cage contains a sponge on which the ether is poured. A'endle adds to a cone containing a flan- nel cap a mask for the face. Aectal efferization may be resorted to in operations about the face and throat. The ether vapor is introduced into the bowel, the pro- cess taking longer for complete anesthetization than by the usual method. ETHIDENE CHLORID is similar in its action to chloroform. Patients take a longer time to recover consciousness than when chloroform is used, but they experience fewer after-effects, and re- cover rapidly. Anesthetization occurs in three to five minutes. HYDROBROMIC ETHER (bromid of ethyl) produces unconsciousness and anesthesia in one minute, and complete muscular relaxation in two or three minutes. The heart’s action is somewhat weakened. Return to consciousness after withdrawal of the ether is very prompt. Its use may be followed by vomiting. According to some observers, death re- suits from cardiac failure, while others believe it kills by direct action upon the respiratory center. It is best administered by an Allis inhaler, and is of most service in minor surgery for short operations. NITROUS OXID, by inhalation, is much used by dentists for extraction of teeth. The symptoms resemble those of asphyxia, hence it is more important to watch the respiration than the pulse. It may be employed in minor surgical operations. There are but few after-effects, those most often observed being headache and malaise. Aerº’s method of administering nitrous oxid consists in giving it in conjunction with oxygen under pres- sure; by this method the administration may be pro- longed indefinitely. Clover's Gas and Ether /n/haler is intended for the administration of a mixture of these anesthetics; it is so arranged that gas can be given alone, or in combination with the ether. Auxton's apparatus is used for the administration of gas only, and possesses a special contrivance to filter the air. Arontaine's chamber is an apparatus devised to keep the patient under an atmospheric pressure equal to 26 inches mercury, so that the vapor inhaled would be 50 per cent. gas and 50 per cent, air, and asphyxia thus be prevented. The employment of supplemental bags has been advocated by Braine. The patient breathes into these bags, the gas supply being turned off and the expiratory valve closed. It is claimed that this method produces a more prolonged period of unconsciousness. Various accessory instru- ments are needed in the use of gas, such as gags, mouth openers, and mouth props, spoons, etc. A., Local, an anesthetic that, locally applied, produces absence of sensation in the organ or tissue so treated. 80 ANESTHETIC ALCOHOL, locally, removes sensation to pain, while tactile sense persists. Cool the alcohol to about Ioo below the freezing point, by placing it in ice and salt, and place the part to be numbed in it. Bisulph II, OF CARBON, by spray or irrigation, has a disgusting odor, and is a powerful poison. CARBOLIC ACID, painted over the skin—its action, however, is caustic. CHLORETHYL, in vapor form, is useful in minor and dental surgery. CHLORID OF METHYL, CH,Cl, al- lowing the liquid chlorid to drop on the skin or mucous membrane. Unless kept carefully under control the vitality of the tissues may be affected. CocAIN is used in subcutaneous injections, by painting over mu- cous surfaces, or by instillation into the eye. As a paint a 20 per cent solution is used, weaker prepara- tions being of little value over cutaneous surfaces; Several coats are necessary. A Io per cent, solution should be used on mucous surfaces; for the eye a 4 per cent. Solution will answer, and this solution is strong enough when cocain is employed as a spray. Hypodermatically, mij-v of a Io to 20 per cent. solution are usually injected, and this may be repeated two or three times during the operation. DRUMIN is oxalate of lime prepared from a euphorbiaceous plant. It was formerly suggested as a local anesthetic, but has been found not to possess anesthetic properties. ETHER, in spray, is recommended by Dr. B. W. Richardson. The anesthesia thus produced is con- fined to the skin, and is very transient. It may pro- duce a slough from excessive freezing. FARADIC CURRENTS were formerly used by dentists, but are of no value. RHIGOLENE, in spray, its use being similar to that of ether. A. Mixtures contain combinations of substances for producing anesthesia. The follow- ing are the most important: A. C. E. MIXTURE :– alcohol, sp. gr. 838, I part; chloroform, sp. gr. 1.497, 2 parts; ether, sp. gr. .735, 3 parts. BILLROTH's : —chloroform 3 parts, alcohol and ether each I part. It is best administered by the open method. LINHART'S :—alcohol I, chloroform 4. It is admin- istered similarly to chloroform. MARTINDALE’s :— a volumetric mixture, the ingredients of which evap- orate almost uniformly; it consists of absolute alcohol, sp. gr. .795, one volume; chloroform, sp. gr. 1.498, two volumes; pure ether, sp. gr. .720, three volumes. MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON :—ether 3, chloroform 2, alcohol I. METHYLENE, or BI- CHLORID OF METHYLENE, a mixture of methylic alcohol 30 per cent., and chloroform 70 per cent. The so-called “Liquid of Regnauld.” consisted of 80 per cent. chloroform, 20 per cent. methylic alcohol. Methylene is not much used, several deaths from car- diac paralysis having occurred from its employment. NUSSBAUM's, ether 3, chloroform I, alcohol I. RICHARDSON'S :—alcohol 2, chloroform 2, ether 3. SANFORD’s :—the so-called “CHLORAMYL '' is a mix- ture of chloroform and amyl nitrate in the proportion of two drachms of the nitrate to the pound of chloro- form. It is a dangerous mixture, both drugs depress- ing the heart. VIENNA GENERAL HospitaL :—ether 9, chloroform 30, alcohol 9. VIENNA MIXTURE :— ether 3, chloroform I. Von MERING’s :—chloroform one volume, dimethylacetal two volumes. It is said to produce no failure of respiration or heart, and no lowering of the blood pressure. WACHISMUTH's :— one-fifth part of oil of turpentine is added to the chloroform. It is said to prevent any danger of heart- failure. Various methods have been suggested by means of which the influence of the anesthetic may be prolonged or its dangers and sequelae largely averted. The follow- ing are the most important:—DASTRE-MORAT’s; con- ANESTHETICISM 81 sists in the injection of I or 1.5 c.c. of the following mixture :-morph. hydrochlor. IO centigrim., atropin. sulph. 5 milligrm., aq. destill. Io grims. The atropin is said to lessen the after-sickness and abrogate saliva- tion and bronchial secretion. FORNE’s :—the prelimi- nary administration of chloral before using chloroform, 2 to 5 grams an hour before. KAPPELER’s :—a com- bination of chloral hydrate and ether, 40 grains of the former. The duration of anesthesia is prolonged and the recovery retarded, but the after-effects are more marked. NUSSBAUM's :—injection of # to # grain of morphin previous to the administration of chloroform. Less of the anesthetic is needed, while the stupor is prolonged; vomiting is increased. OBALINSKI's :— hypodermatic injection of cocain, 2 to 5 centigrams of a three per cent. Solution during chloroform anes- thetization. TRELAT’S :—administration of 2 to 4% grams of chloral hydrate, and IO to 20 grams of syrup of morphin in 60 grams of water, repeating the dose in 15 minutes, and following by chloroform anes- thesia. Attempts have repeatedly been made to estimate the comparative safety of the various anesthetics used for the production of general anesthesia. In 1879 the “GLASGOW COMMITTEE '’ of the British Medical As- sociation concluded in favor of ether, declaring that chloroform lowered the blood tension and depressed the action of the heart. In 1889 the HYDERABAD COMMISSION arrived at the conclusion that chloroform produced an arrest of respiration before there was a stoppage of the heart. It is thought, however, that the climate—that of India—may have had some effect in producing this result, since in temperate climates the heart usually fails before there is a depression of respiration, Anestheticism (an-es-thet/-is-izm) [ävaſoffmroç, insensi- ble]. The quality of being anesthetic. Anesthetization (an-es-thet-iz-a'-shun) [.ævatoffmroç, in- sensible]. The process of rendering insensible. Anesthetize (an-esſ-the-àz) [ävatoffmroç, insensible]. To put under the influence of an anesthetic. Anesthetizer (an/-es-the-à-zer) [ävatoffmroç, insensible]. One who administers an anesthetic. Anethol (an/-eth-ol) [ävá, up; aiffew, to burn; oleum, oil], Ciołł1,O. The methyl ether of anol; it occurs in ethereal oils, from which it separates in the cold in the form of white, shining scales, melting at 21° and boiling at 232°. It is the chief constitutent of the essential oils of anise and fennel. It is employed in preparing the Ælixir amethi, N. F., being more fragrant and agree- able than the anise oil. Anethum (an-eſ-4/um), [ævmbov, anise: gen., Anethi J. Dill; the dried fruit of Peucedanum graveolens, indig- enous to Southern Europe. Aromatic, carminative, and stimulant. A. Aqua (B. P.). Dose 3 i-ij. A. Oleum (B. P.). Dose m, i-iv. Anetic (an-et/-ié) [ävettkóc, relaxing]. Soothing; calmative; anodyne. Anetiological (an-e-te-o-o/-ić-al) [äv priv.; airía, cause ; 26Xoc, word]. Having no known cause; dys- teleological. Anetus (an/-et-us) [äveróg, loosened]. mittent fever. Aneuria §. [á priv.; veipov, a nerve or Any inter- fiber]. Lack of nervous power or stimulus. Aneuric (an-tº-rié) [& priv.; veipov, a nerve or fiber]. Characterized by aneuria; impairing the nervous activity. Aneurysm (an/-u-rizm) [äveſpucua, a widening]. A tumor consisting of a dilated artery, or communicat- ing with an artery. In the early stages there is an explºie pulsation of the tumor generally associated. ANGEIO- with a systolic murmur or bruit. In the later stages the laminated coagulum increases, so that pulsation may be absent, and pressure of the growing aneurysm upon the adjacent organs may give rise to secondary troubles, as pain, dyspnea, dysphagia, paralysis, or spasm. Inequality in the pupils follows from pressure on the sympathetic in thoracic aneurysm. Aneu- rysm may be caused by rupture, wounding, disease, or weakness of the arterial walls, or by increased blood pressure following over-exertion. Embolism also may be a cause ; gout and alcoholism act as predisposing causes. Cardiac dilatation is sometimes spoken of as aneurysm of the heart. A., Abdominal, one of the abdominal aorta. A. by Anastomosis, a dila- tation of a large number of vessels—small arteries, veins, and capillaries—the whole forming a pulsating tumor under the skin. This form of aneurysm is es- pecially seen upon the scalp. A., Arterio-venous, the formation of an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein. If the communication is direct it is termed aneurysmal varix, but when there is an intervening sac it is called a varicose aneurysm. A., Bérard’s, a varicose aneurysm with the sac in the tissues immediately around the vein. A., Cirsoid, a tortuous lengthening and dilatation of a part of an artery. A., Compound, one in which one or several of the coats of the artery are ruptured and the others merely dilated. A., Consecutive, or Diffused, follows rupture of all the arterial coats with infiltration of sur- rounding tissues. A., Dissecting, when the blood forces its way between the media and adventitia. A., Ectatic, an expansion of a portion of an artery due to yielding of all the coats. It is merely a dilatation of the vessel. A., Endogenous, one formed by disease of the vessel walls. A., Exogenous, one due to traumatism. A., False, or Spurious, one in which there has occurred a rupture of all the coats, and the effused blood is retained by the surrounding tissues. A., Fusiform, a spindle-shaped dilatation of the artery. A., Medical, an internal aneurysm ; 2. e., one situated within the thoracic or abdominal cavity. A., Mixed. See A., Compound. A., Sac- culated, a sac-like dilatation of an artery communi- cating with the main arterial trunk by an opening that may be relatively large or small. A., Park's, a variety of arterio-venous aneurysm in which the arterial dila- tation communicates with two contiguous veins. A., Pott's. Same as Aneurysmal Parix. A., Rod- rigues's, a varicose aneurysm in which the sac is im- mediately contiguous to the artery. A., Spurious. See 4., A'aſse. A., Verminous, one containing hema- toZOa. Aneurysmal (an-at-riz'-mal). [aveipugua, a widening]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an aneurysm. Å. Varix. See Aneurysm. Aneurysmatic (an-te-rig-mat/-ić) [äveſpugua, a widen- ing]. Affected with or of the nature of aneurysm. Aneuthanasia (an-te-than-a” º [a priv.; eithavaa a, an easy death]. A painful or difficult death. Anfract (an/-fraße) [anfractus, a winding]. An anſrac- tuosity or sinuosity; an anſractuous organ or structure. Anfractuose (an-fraž/-tu-ās), [anfractus, a winding]. In biology, bent back and forth, winding, as certain Stamens, or the brain fissures. Anfractuosity (an-fraž-tu-osſ-it-e) [anfractus, a bend- ing round]. Any one of the furrows or sulci between the cerebral convolutions. Anfractuous (an-fraž/-fu-us) [anfractus, a bending round]. Characterized by windings and turnings; SIIlllOUlS. Angeiectasis (an-je-ek'-tas-is). See Angiectasis. Angeio- (an/-je-o). See Angio-. ANGELIC ACID Angelic Acid (an-je/-ić as’-id). See Acid. Angelica (an-je!’-ić-ah) [L.]. The seeds and root of Archangelica officinalis and other species. An aro- matic stimulant and einmenagogue. Dose of the fla. ext. : Seeds mu v-x; root 3 ss—j. Unof. Angel’s Wing (ān/jelz wing). A deformity of the Scapula in which it turns forward and then backward, giving the shoulder a peculiar dorsal bulge, as in a scoliotic chest. Anger's Operation. See Operations, Table of Angiectasis (an-je-ek/-tas-is) [äyyelov, a blood-vessel; ŠkTaoig, dilatation]. Abnormal dilatation of a vessel, as in aneurysm, etc.; enlargement of capillaries. Angiectopia (an-je-ek-to/-pe-a/ ) [äyyelov, a vessel; ëKToTog, displaced). Displacement or abnormal posi- tion of a vessel. - - Angielcus, or Angeielcus (an-fe-e/-kus) [äyyelov, a vessel; 8%Koç, an ulcer]. An ulcer in the walls of a vessel. Angiemphraxis (an-je-em-fraks/-īs) [äyyelov, a vessel; Šuppaśug, obstruction]. Obstruction of a vessel, or of vessels. Angiitis, or Angeiitis (an-je-i/-tis) [äyyelov, a vessel; attg, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph vessel or blood vessel. Angina (an/-jin-ah or anºji/-nah) [angere, to stran- gle]. - A sense of choking or Suffocation, a symptom of inflammatory affections of the pharynx. It is synonymous with Cynanche. A. acuta or simplex, simple sore-throat. A." externa. Synonym of Mumps. A., Hogskin. Synonym of Diphtheria. A. laryngea. Synonym of Zaryngitis. A. lin- gualis. Same as Glossitis. A., Ludwig’s, acute suppurative inflammation of the connective tissue sur- rounding the submaxillary gland. A. membranacea. Synonym of Croup. A. parotidea, the mumps, or Aarotitis, 7. v. A. pectoris, a paroxysmal neurosis with intense pain and oppression about the heart. It usually occurs in the male after forty years of age, and is generally associated with diseased conditions of the heart and aorta. There is a sense of impending death, and frequently there is a fatal termination. A. pectoris-vasomotoria, a term given by Nothnagel and Landois to an angina associated with vaso-motor disturbances, coldness of the surface, etc., but never resulting fatally. A., Pseudo-, is a neurosis occurring in young anemic females, characterized by a less grave set of symptoms and never resulting fatally. A. simplex. See A. acuta. A. tonsillans, Quinsy, g. v. A. trachealis, the Croup, g. v. A. ulcero-mem- branous. See Tonsiſ/itis, herpetic. Anginoid (an/-jin-oid) [angere, to strangle]. sembling angina. - Angioasthenia (an-je-o-as-the'-ne-ah) [äyyelov, a vessel; ãofféveta, weakness]. Atony of the blood-vessels. Angiocarditis (an-je-o-kar-d:/-tis) [äyyelov, a blood- vessel; Kapóta, the heart; trug, inflammation]. An inflammation of the heart and blood-vessels (hypothet- ical). - - Angiocarpous (an/-je-o-kar-pus) [äyyelov, a vessel; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit invested with a distinct covering or husk; having a closed apothecium; having the hymenium inclosed by the sporocarp. Angiochalasis, or Angeiochalasis (an-je-o-ka/-as-is) [äyyelov, a vessel; zážaolc, relaxation]. Dilatation or relaxation of the blood-vessels. Angiocholitis (am-je-o-ko-li'-tis) [äyyelov, a vessel; ko%, bile; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the biliary ducts. - Angioderma pigmenotosum (an-je-o-der/-mah pig- men-toº-sum). See Atrophoderma. Re- 82 ANGIOMETER Angiodiastasis (anje-o-di-asſ-tas-is) [äyyelov, a vessel; Öuáoragic a separation]. I. Displacement or dilatation of a vessel. 2. Retraction of the severed ends of a blood-vessel. Angioembolus (anje-o-em/-bo-lus) [äyyelov, a vessel; šuffoºoº, anything thrown inj. A plug (as of clotted blood) in a vessel. Angiogenesis (anje-o-jen’-es-is). See Angiogeny. Angiogeny (anje-og’-en-e) [äyyelov, a vessel; "yevvá- elv, to produce]. The development of the vessels. Angioglioma (anje-o-gli-o’-mah) [äyyelov, a vessel; Yºta, glue; Śpia, a tumor; pl., Angiogliomata]. A gliomatous vascular tumor of the spinal cord. Angiograph (an/-je-o-graf) [äyyelov, a vessel; Ypápen, . write]. A form of sphygmograph invented by Lan- OIS. Angiography (anje-og/-ra-ſe) [ayyelov, a vessel; Ypáón, a writing]. A description of the vessels; angiology. * Angiohemothrombus (anje-o-hem-o-throm/-bus) [äy- Yelov, a vessel; aipia, blood; 6pópgog, thrombus]. A clot in a blood-vessel. : Angiohydrology (am-je-o-hi-dro/-o-je) [äyyelov, a ves. sel; ióop, water; %yog, science]. The science of the lymphatic vessels, their contents, etc. Angiokeratoma (anje-o-ker-at-o/-mah) [ayyelov, a ves- sel; képaç, horn; Śpia, tumor]. Lymphangiectasis; Telangiectic warts; a very rare disease of the ex- tremities characterized by warty-looking growths that develop on dilated vessels in persons with chilblain, etc. Dark spots the size of pins' points or pins' heads, evidently vascular, develop as an attack of chilblains is subsiding. The disease is peculiar to childhood, and especially occurs in females. Angioleucitis (an-je-o-lu-si”-tis) [äyyelov, a vessel; Ževkóg, white; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. Angiolithic É. [äyyetov, a vessel; Žíflog, a stone]. Literally, a qualification applied to a vascu- lar and crystalline formation. Practically applied to neoplasms in which crystalline or mineral deposits take place, with hyaline degeneration of the coats of the vessels. - Angiology (an-je-o/-o-je) [äyyelov, a vessel; %yog, science]. The science of the blood-vessels and lym- phatics. Angiolymphitis (an-je-o-limf-i/-tis) [äyyelov, a vessel; ſympha, lymph; truç, inflammation]. Same as An- gioleucitis. - Angiolymphoma (am-je-o-limſ-o/-mah) [äyyelor, a ves- sel; lympha, water; 6/la, tumor: pl., Angiolympho- mata]. A tumor formed of lymphatic vessels. Angioma (anje-o'-mah) [äyyelov, a vessel; bud, a tumor; pl., Angiomata]. A tumor formed of blood- vessels. Called also Erectile or Vascºtlar Tumor. A., Cavernous, with communicating alveolar spaces. See Varix, Cirsoid. Capillary and venous angiomata are called AWevi, or Mothers' Marks. A., Cystic. Synonym of Zymphangioma circumscriptum. A., In- fective. See A. serpiginosum. A. pigmentosum atrophicum. See Xeroderma pigmentosum. A. serpiginosum, infective angioma ; nevus lupus; a very rare disease of the skin in which minute vascu- lar points are formed in rings or other groups, that spread at the borders, while fresh points are continu- ally developing beyond them. The points look like grains of cayenne pepper. It occurs usually in girls, but its etiology and pathology are unknown. Angiomalacia (an-je-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [äyyetov, a ves- sel; uažakia, a softening]. Softening of the blood- vessels. - - Angiometer (am-je-om/-et-er). See Sphygmograph. ANGIOMONOSPERMOUS Angiomonospermous (am-je-o-mon-o-sper’-mus) [äy- yetov, a vessel; plóvoc, alone; otréppia, seed]. In bi- ology, producing seeds within a closed ovary. Angiomyoma, or Angimyoma (an-je-o-mi-o/-mah or anje-mi-o’-mah) [äyyelov, a vessel; gig, a muscle; ôua, a tumor; pl. , Angiomyomataj. A vascular and erectile muscular tumor. Angioneoplasm (an-je-o-me/-o-plazm). plasma. Angioneoplasma (anje-o-me-o-plaz/-mah) [äyyelov, a vessel; veóg, new ; Thäoga, moulded substance: £4., Angiomeoplasmata]. A neoplasm made up of blood- vessels or lymph-vessels. Angioneurosin (anje-o-mu’-ro-sin). Mitroglycerin. Angioneurosis (anje-o-nu-ro/-sis) [äyyetov, a vessel; veipov, a nerve]. A neurosis of the blood-vessels; a disturbance of the vaso-motor system,-a symptom of many diseases. Angio-neurotic (an-je-o-nu-rotº-ić) [äyyetov, a vessel; veipov, a nerve]. Pertaining to angioneurosis. A. Edema, a swelling, with associated symptoms, proba- bly due to vaso-motor lesion. Angionoma (anje-on/-o-mah) [äyyelov, a vessel; vouff, ulcer]. Ulceration of a vessel. Angioparalysis (an-je-o-par-a/-is-is) [äyyelov, a vessel; trapañíetv, to disable on one side]. Vaso-motor paralysis. Angioparalytic (an-je-o-par-al-iº/-ić) [äyyelov, a vessel; trapahíetv, to disable on one side]. Relating to or characterized by angioparalysis. Angioparesis (an-je-o-par’-es-is) [äyyetov, a vessel; trápeoig, a letting goj. Paresis or partial paralysis of the vaso-motor apparatus. Angiopathy (an-je-op/-a-the) [äyyetov, a vessel; Táffog, disease]. Any disease of the vascular system. Angioplania (an-je-o-pla/-ne-ah) [äyyelov, a vessel; Thávn, a wandering]. Irregularity or abnormality in the course of a vessel. - ** Angioplastic (an-je-o-plas/-tić). See Vasifactive. Angiorrhagia or Angeiorrhagia (an-je-or-a'-je-ah) [äyyelov, a vessel; bnyvival, break]. Bleeding from a vessel. Angiorrhea (an-je-or-e'-ah) [äyyelov, a vessel; beiv, to flow]. An oozing of blood. - - Angiorrhexis (an-je-o-reks/-īs) [äyyetov, a vessel; 67;tc., a bursting]. Rupture of a blood-vessel. Angiosarcoma (an-je-o-sar-ko’-mah) [äyyelov, a vessel; oápé, flesh; 6pia, a tumor; pl., Angiosarcomata]. A vascular sarcoma. Angiosarcomatous (an-je-o-sar-Āo’-mat-us) [äyyelov, a vessel; oap;, flesh; 5ua, a tumor]. Of the nature of or affected with angiosarcoma. Angioscope (an/-je-o-sköp) [ayyetov, a vessel; groteiv, to inspect]. An instrument for examining the capillary vessels. Angiosialitis (anje-o-si-al-i/ -tis) [äyyelov, a vessel; gia?ov, saliva; tıç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the duct of a salivary gland. Angiosis (anje-o’-sis) [äyyelov, a vessel]. Any disease of blood-vessels or lymphatics. - Angiospasm (an/-je-o-Spazm) [äyyelov, a vessel; gTaguóſ, a spasm]. A convulsive neurosis of the blood-vessels; a vaso-motor spasm. Angiospastic (an-je-o-spas/-tić) [äyyelov, a vessel; GTaguóc, spasm]. Characterized by or of the nature of angiospasm. Angiosperm (an/-je-o-sperm) [äyyelov, a vessel; otépua, seed]. In biology, a plant the seeds of which are pro- duced within a closed vessel. Angiosporous (an-je-os’-po-rus) [äyyelov, a vessel; "Tôpoſ, a seed]. In biology, producing spores or asci within a hollow receptacle, said of fungi. See Angioneo- Synonym of 83 ANGLE Angiostegnosis (an-je-o-steg-no/-sis) [äyyelov, a vessel; otéyvootç, stoppage]. Stoppage or constriction of a vessel. - Angiostegnotic (an-je-o-steg-mot/-ä) [äyyelov, a vessel; otéyvootç, stoppage]. Relating to angiostegnosis; as- tringent; causing contraction of blood-vessels. Angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-mo/-sis) [äyyelov, a vessel; orévootç, a straitening]. Constriction or narrowing of a vessel. Angiostomatous (an-je-o-sto/-mat-us) [äyyetov, a ves- sel; otóga, mouth]. In biology, having the mouth or opening narrow or not dilatable. Angiostrophe (an-je-osſ-tro-ſe) [äyyelov, a vessel; otpopff, twist]. Torsion of a vessel, as for the control of hemorrhage. Angiotasis (an-je-of/-as-is) [äyyetov, a vessel; Táqug, tension]. The tension of the vessels. Angiotatic (an-je-of-at'-ić) [äyyelov, a vessel; Táoug, tension]. Relating to angiotasis. Angiotelectasia (am-je-o-tel-ek-ta/-ze-ah) [äyyelov, a ves- sel; Té20c, end; £kraotc, dilatation]. Dilatation of capillary vessels. Angiotomy (an-je-off’-o-me) [äyyelov, a vessel; Tóplm, a cutting]. The incision or dissection of a vessel. Angle (ang/-g/) or Angulus (ang/-gu-/us) [angulus, an angle]. The degree of divergence of two lines that meet each other; the space between two such lines. A. a., that one of Lissauer’s angles between the radius fixus and a line joining the alveolar and subnasal points. A. of Aberration. See A. of De- ziation. A., Ackermann’s, certain angles, character- istic of kyphosis, which mark the base of the skull in cases of encephalocele and hydrocephalus; for ex- ample, the occipito-sphenoidal angle is abnormally sharp. A., Acromial, that formed between the head of the humerus and the clavicle. A., Alpha. I. In optics, that formed by the intersection of the visual line and optic axis. 2. In craniometry, that one of Lissauer’s angles between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and subnasal point. A., Al- veolar, that formed between a line passing through a spot beneath the nasal spine and the most prominent point of the lower edge of the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and the cephalic horizontal line. A., Alveolo-condylar. See A., Orbito-alveolo-con- dylar. A., Anterior (of Ilium). See A., External (of Ilium). A., Anterior (of Scapula). See A., Cer- vical (of Scapula). A., Anterior Parietal. See A., Parietal (of Quatrefages). A., Antero—external (of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the posterior extremity of the supracotyloid crest. A., Antero- internal (of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the portion of the ischium that helps to close the obtu- rator foramen inwardly. A. of Aperture, in optics, that included between two lines joining the oppo- site points of the periphery of a lens and the focus. A., Auricular, in craniometry, those cephalic angles having their apices at Broca's auricular point. A., Auriculo-cranial, in craniometry, the auricular angles whose sides pass through the cranium. A., Auriculo- facial, in craniometry, those auricular angles whose sides pass through the face. A., Auriculo-frontal. See A., Frontal, A., Auriculo-occipital, in cranio. metry, the combined sub-occipital and supra-occipital angles. A., Auriculo-parietal. See A., Parietal (of Broca). A. b., that one of Lissauer's angles in- cluded between the radius fixus and a line joining the bregma and nasion. A., Barclay's. See A., Orifa- cial. A., Basifacial, in craniometry, that between the basi-cranial and basifacial axes. A., Basilar, in craniometry, that between the naso-basilar and basi- alveolar lines. A., Beta, that one of Lissauer's angles ANGLE 84 included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and bregma. A., Bi-orbital, in optics, that formed by the intersection of the axes of the orbits. A., Broca's. See A., Pacial, A., Occipital, and A., A'arietal. A. c., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and opisthion. A., Camper's. See A., Aacia/, and A., Maxillary. A., Carpal, in biology, the bend of the wing. A., Cephalic, in craniom- etry, a general term for the cranial and facial angles. A., Cerebellar. See A., Suboccipital, A., Cerebral. I. In craniometry, that formed by the frontal, Broca's parietal, and the Supra-occipital angles. 2. See A. of Segond. A., Cervical (of Scapula), in veterin- ary anatomy, the point of union of the anterior and Superior borders of the scapula. A., Chi, that one of Lissauer’s angles included between two lines run- ning from the hormion to the basion and staphylion. A., Cloquet's. See A., Facial. A., Condylar, that between the planes of the basilar groove and the occi- pital foramen. A., Co-orbital, in craniometry, that formed by the crossing of the anatomical plane of the head by the bi-orbital plane. A., Coracoscapular, in biology, that between the axes of the coracoid and scapula. A., Coronofacial (of Gratiolet), in craniometry, the angle that the facial line of Cam- per forms with the plane passing through the coronal suture. A., Costal. See A., Subcostal. A., Coty- loid, in veterinary anatomy, the portion of the ilium included between the cotyloid foramen and the supra- cotyloid crest. A., Cotyloidean. See A., Antero- externa/ (of Zschium). A., Cranial, in craniometry, angles corresponding to the auricular angles, but having their apices at the anterior border of the occipital fora- men. A., Craniofacial (of Ecker). See A., Meta- facial. A., Craniofacial (of Huxley), in craniometry, that formed at the middle of the anterior border of the jugum sphenoidale by lines drawn from the basion and nasal spine. A., Critical, that made by a beam of light passing from a rarer to a denser medium, with the perpendicular, without being entirely reflected. A. of Cuvier. See A., Aacial. A. of Daubenton. See A., Occipital. A., Deschamps’s. See A., Znio- facial. A. of Deviation. I. In botany, that formed by a leaf, branch, or root with the axis upon which it is borne. 2. In magnetism, the angle traversed by the needle when disturbed by some magnetic force. 3. In optics, that formed by a refracted ray and the pro- longation of the incident ray. A. of Divergence, in botany, that formed between succeeding organs in the same spiral or whorl. A., Dorsal (of Scapula), in veterinary anatomy, the junction of the Superior and posterior borders of the scapula. A. of Dürer. See A., Facial. A., Ecker’s. See A., Sºhenoidal and A., Craniofacial. A. of Elevation, in optics, that made by the visual plane with its primary position when moved upward or downward. A., Ephippial (Welcker's). See A., Sphenoidal. A., Ethmocranial. See A., Olfactory. A., External (of Ilium), in veterinary anatomy, the anterior superior spine of the ilium. A., External (of Mulder), in craniometry, that pro- duced by the junction of Camper’s line and a line joining the basi-occipital bone and the nasion. A., External (of Pubes), in veterinary anatomy, the por- tion of the pubic bone constituting the chief part of the cotyloid cavity. A. of the Eye. See Canthus. A. f., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the inion and opis- thion. A., Facial (of Broca). See A., Op/Aryo- spinal Facial, A., Facial (of Camper), in cranio- metry, that between the facial line of Camper and the line drawn through the auricular and subnasal points. ANGLE A., Facial (of Cloquet), in craniometry, that be. tween the line drawn through the ophryon and the alveolar point and the auricular-alveolar line. A., Facial (of Cuvier). See A., Aacial (of Geoffroy St. Hilaire). A., Facial (of Dürer), in crani- ometry, that formed by a line tangent to the brow and the lobule of the nose and a line joining the lobe of the ear and the lower part of the nasal septum. A., Facial (of Jacquart), in craniometry, that between the line joining the subnasal point and the glabella and the line joining the subnasal and auricular points. A., Facial (of Segond). See A. of Segond. A., Facial (of Geoffroy St. Hilaire), in craniometry, that between the facial line of Camper and the line joining the auricular point and the edge of the incisors. A., Facial (of Topinard.) See A., Ophryo-spinal Aacial. A., Facial (of Virchow and Holder), in craniometry, that formed by the union of a line joining the naso-frontal suture and the most prominent point of the lower edge of the superior alveolar processes, and a line joining the superior border of the external auditory meatus and the lower border of the orbit. A., Fick's, in craniometry, one formed by the inter- Section of the basilar groove, and a line joining the Symphysis menti and the basion. A., Frontal, in craniometry, one formed by lines joining the auricular point and the ophryon and bregma. In ornithology, that formed between the forehead and the upper mar- gin of the beak. A., Frontal (of Lissauer), that one included between lines joining the metopion and the bregma and nasion. A., Fronto-glabellar, the degree of inclination of the forehead. A., Gamma, in optics, that formed at the center of rotation of the eyes by the optic and visual axes. A., Genal, in biology, the posterior angle of the movable gena of trilobites. A., Gratiolet's. See A., Coronofacial. A., Humeral (of the Scapula), in veterinary anat- omy, a name given to the head of the shoulder blade. A., Huxley’s. See A., Craniofacial. A. i., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the posterior border of the incisor foramen and the alveolar point. A., Ilio-ischial, that between the ischium and the cotylo-sacral rib of the ilium. A., Ilio-pubic, in veterinary anatomy, that existing between the ilium and pubes. A., Ilio- vertebral, that existing between the iliac bones and the spinal column. A. of Incidence, in optics, the angle at which a ray of light strikes a denser medium and undergoes reflection or refraction. A. of Incli- nation (of Pelvic Canal), in obstetrics, that formed by the anterior wall of the pelvis with the conjugate diameter. A. of Inclination (of Pelvis), in obstet- rics, that formed by the pelvis with the general line of the trunk, or that formed by the plane of the infe- rior strait with the horizon. A., Inferior (of Scapu- la). See A., Humeral. A. of Inflexion, in veter- inary anatomy, that formed by the quarter of the hoof of a soliped with the commencement of the bar. A., Inio-facial, in craniometry, Deschamps's modifica- tion of Camper’s line. It is the angle included be- tween the two lines extending from the inion to the glabella and from the inion to the symphysis of the chin. A., Internal (of Ilium), in veterinary anat- omy, the posterior superior spine of the ilium. A., Internal (of Pubes), in veterinary anatomy, the name for the angle of the pubes. A., Internal (of Walther), in craniometry, that included between a line joining the glabella and the nasion and another from the occipital protuberance to the crista galli. A., Interradial, in biology, that formed in the star-fish by the coming together of the lateral walls of two adjacent ambulacral grooves. A. of the Ischio-pubic basion. ANGLE 85 Arch, that formed by the junction of the ischio-pubic rami. A. of Jacquart. See A., Pacial. A. of Jaw, the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with its posterior border. A. of Land- zert, that formed by the plane of the basilar groove and the horizontal line of the jugum sphenoidale. A. of Lavater, in craniometry, that contained be- tween a line joining the point of the nose and the outer angle of the eye, and a line running from the same point to the angle of the mouth. According to Lavater, the greater the angle the more intelligent the individual. A., Limiting. See A., Critical. A. of the Lips, those formed by the union of the lips at either extremity of the mouth. A., Lissauer’s, in craniometry, a number of angles in the median plane of the skull included between lines radiating from a fixed line connecting the inion and hormion (radius fixus.) See also A., Frontal, and A., Parietal. A., Louis’s, that between the manubrium and gladiolus of the sternum due to retraction in the upper part of the thorax. A. of Ludovici. See A., Louis’s. A., Ludwig’s. See A., Zozzis’s. A., Lumbo-iliac, in veterinary anatomy, that formed by the junction of the sacrum and ilia. A. m., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the opisthion and the basion. A., Maxillary (of Camper), in craniometry, that included between two lines extending from the point of contact of the upper and lower central incisor teeth, one to the ophryon and the other to the most prominent point of the lower jaw. A., Metafacial (of Serres), that which the pterygoid processes form with the base of the skull. A., Meter-, in optics, the degree of convergence of the eyes when centered on an object one meter distant from each. A. of the Mouth. See A. of the Zips. A., Mu, that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and A., Mulder's. See A., External. A. n., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the nasion and alveolar point. A. n^., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the nasion and subnasal point. A., Nasal (of Ranke), in craniometry, that included between the horizontal plane of the skull and a line passing through the mid- dle of the alveolar border beneath the nasal spine and the center of the naso-frontal suture. , A., Nasal (of Welcker), in craniometry, that included between the naso-basilar and naso-subnasal lines. A., Naso- basal (of Welcker). See A., AWasal, A., Naso- malar, in craniometry, that formed by two lines converging from the outer margins of the orbits to the base of the nose. A. of the Neck. See A. of the AVlacha. A. of the Neck of the Femur, that formed between the neck and shaft of the femur. A., Negative, the name given to Quatrefages' parietal angle when it is inversed. A. of the Nose, that between the nose and the cheek. A., Nu, that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and nasion. A. of the Nucha, that formed by the junction of the nucha with the neck. A. o., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and bregma. A. of Obliquity of Femur, that formed by the shaft of the femur and a vertical line. A., Occipital, in Craniometry, that formed by the intersection of the basicranial axis and the plane of the occipital foramen. A., Occipital (of Broca), in craniometry, that be- tween the lines joining the opisthion and the basion and nasal points. A., Occipital (of Daubenton), in Graniometry, the angle that Daubenton’s line makes- With the line joining the basion and opisthion. A., ANGLE Occipital, Second, in craniometry, that formed by two lines joining the opisthion and the nasion and nasal spine. A., Olfactory, in craniometry, that formed by the intersection of the plane of the cribri- form plate of the ethmoid and the basicranial axis. A., Omega, that one of Lissauer’s angles between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and lambda. A., Ophryo-alveolo-auricular. See A., Aacial (of Cloquet). A., Ophryo-spinal-facial, in craniometry, that included between two lines from the nasal spine to the ophryon and auricular point. A., Optic, that included between lines joining the extremities of an object and the nodal point. The Smallest is about 30 seconds. A., Orbito-alveolo- condylar, in craniometry, that included between the horizontal visual and alveolo-condylar planes. A., Orbito-basilar, in craniometry, that included between Barclay's basifacial plane and the plane of the orbital axes. A., Orbito-facial. See A., Orbito-maxillary. A., Orbito-maxillary, in craniometry, that included between the two lines joining the auricular point and the glabella and alveolar border. A., Orbito-occi- pital, in craniometry, that included between the plane of the occipital foramen and the bi-orbital plane. A., Orifacial (of Barclay). I. That included be- tween Camper’s line and the plane of mastication. 2. That included between the median antero-posterior line of the palatine arch and the median antero-poste- rior line of the plane of the lower border of the in- ferior maxilla. A. p., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the staphylion and alveolar point. A., Palatine, in craniometry, that included between Camper’s line and a line on the plane of the alveolar arch. A., Parietal (of Broca), in craniometry, that included between two lines joining the auricular point and the bregma and lambda. A., Parietal (of Lissauer), that in- cluded between lines drawn from the bregma and lambda to the most prominent point of the parietal bone. A., Parietal (of Quatrefages), in craniome- try, that formed by the lines drawn through the ex- tremities of the transverse maximum or bizygomatic diameter and the maximum transverse frontal diameter (called positive when it opens downward, negative when it opens upward). A., Parietal, Posterior, in craniometry, that included between two lines tangent to the parietal eminence and the most prominent points of the zygomatic arch. A., Pi, that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and alveolar point. A. of Polari- zation, in optics, the angle of reflection at which light is most completely polarized. A., Positive. See 4., Parietal (of Quatrefages). A., Posterior (of Ilium). See A., Cotyloid. A., Posterior (of Pubes), in vet- erinary anatomy, that portion of the pubes that helps to close in the obturator foramen internally. A., Posterior (of Scapula). See A., Dorsal (of Scap- ula). A., Postero-external (of Ischium), in vet- erinary anatomy, the tuberosity of the ischium. A., Postero-internal (of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the ischiadic arch. A., Premax- illary. See A., Basifacial. A., Prepubic, that formed by the male urethra in front of the pubes, the penis being in a flaccid state. A. of Prognath- ism, in craniometry, the angle indicating the degree of forward projection of the face. A., Psi. I. That one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and opisthion. 2. In optics, that between the optic axis and line of fixation. A. of the Pubes, that formed by the junction of the pubic bones at the symphysis. A., Pyramidal. See A., Positive. A. of Quatrefages. ANGLE See A., Parietal. A. of Ranke. See A., AWasal. A. of Reflection, in optics, that which a reflected ray of light makes with a line drawn perpendicular to the point of incidence. A. of Refraction, in optics, that which exists between a refracted ray of light and a line drawn perpendicular to the point of inci- dence. A. of Rib, a line on the external surface of the shaft of the vertebral extremity of the rib, to which is at- tached the tendon of the sacro-lumbalis muscle. A. S., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the basion and staphy- lion. A., Sacro-vertebral, that which the sacrum forms with the last lumbar vertebra. A. of Segond, in craniometry, angles formed between lines drawn from the basion to the various other craniometrical points. The Facial angle of Segond is that be- tween the line passing through the basion and mental points and the line passing through the basion and ophryon. The Cerebral angle of Segond is that between the line passing through the basion and oph- ryon, and the line passing through the basion and opisthion. A. of Serres. See A., Metafacial. A. Sigma, that one of Lissauer’s angles included be- tween the radius fixus and a line drawn from the hor- mion to the staphylion. A., Sincipital. See A., Ex- termal (of Mulder). A. Spal. See A. Summi Palați. A., Sphenoidal, in craniometry, that included between two lines joining the nasion and the basion with the center of the transverse groove of the optic commissure, at the point where the sloping anterior surface of the sella turcica passes over into the hori- zontal surface of the olivary eminence. A., Squint- ing, that indicating the degree of divergence of the affected eye in strabismus. A., Sterno-clavicular, that existing between the clavicle and the sternum. A. of St. Hilaire (Geoffroy). See A., Facial. A., Subcostal, that formed by the outward inclination of the false ribs with the middle line of the body. A., Suboccipital, in craniometry, that included between two lines joining Broca's auricular point with the posterior border of the occipital foramen and the external occipital protuberance. A., Sub- pubic, that formed at the pubic arch. A., Summi Occipitis, Lissauer's angle included between lines connecting the most prominent point of the occipital squama and the lambda and inion. A., Summi Palati, Lissauer’s angle included between lines drawn from the staphylion and alveolar point to the highest point of the arch of the palate. A., Supra-occipital, in craniometry, that formed by two lines joining Broca's auricular point with the lambda and the exter- nal occipital protuberance. A., Symphysian, that which the profile of the symphysis of the lower jaw makes with the plane of the inferior border of the lower jaw. A., Tentorial, in craniometry, that in- cluded between the plane of the tentorium and the basicranial axis. A. of Topinard. See A., Facial. A. of Torsion, the amount of twisting in the shaft of a bone. A., Total Cranial, in craniometry, that measuring the cranial cavity between lines drawn from the auricular point to the ophryon and opisthion. A. of the Uterus, that at the cornua of the uterus, where the oviducts enter. A., Venosus, that formed between the right and left brachio-cephalic veins. A., Vertebro-iliac. See A., ZZio-vertebral. A., Vestibular, that formed in the vestibule by the junc- tion of its posterior and middle walls. A. of Virchow and Holder. See A., Facial. A., Visual. See A., Optic. A. of Vogt, in craniometry, that included between lines joining the nasion and the basion and alveolar point. A., Walther's. See A., Interna/. A., Welcker's. See A., Ephippia/, A., AWasal, and 86 ANGUSTICOLLIS A., Masobasal. A., Xiphoid, in anatomy, that formed by the sides of the xiphoid notch. A. y., that one of Lissauer’s angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and inion. Angleberry (ang'-gl-ber-e) [M. E., angle; bery]. Butchers’ name for bovine tuberculosis. See Grapes. Anglesey Leg (ang/-gº-se leg) [so called after the Marquis of Anglesey]. An artificial limb formed from a solid piece of wood hollowed out to receive the stump and provided with a steel joint at the knee. The ankle joint was made of wood, to which motion was communicated by strong cat-gut strings posteriorly and a spiral spring anteriorly. Anglicus sudor (ang/-lić-us su/-dor) [L.]. English Sweating fever. A contagious malignant fever, also known as Ephemera maligna, characterized by black or dark-colored sweat. Anglo-Swiss Food, an artificial infant food with the following composition: Water, 6.54; fat, 2.72; grape- sugar and milk-Sugar, 23.29; cane-sugar, 21.40; starch, 34.55; Soluble carbohydrates, 46.43; albumin- oids, IO.26; ash, I.2O. Angophrasia (ang-go-fra/-ze-ah) [äyżew, to choke; ©páoug, utterance]. A speech-defect consisting of a choking, drawling, and agitated utterance, with repeti- tions and nasal Sounds, occurring in paralytic dementia. Angor (ang/-gor) [angor, a strangling]. Synonymous with Angina. Applied by some to epigastric pain. Angry (ang/-gre) [M. E., angerich]. Characterized by acute inflammation and pain, as an angry sore. Angström's Law. See Zazy. Anguilulidae (ang-gwiſ/-u-lid-e) [anguilla, an eel]. The small nematoid worms that live in vinegar and sour paste. . Anguilliform (ang-gwil/-if-orm) . [anguilla, an eel; forma, form]. In biology, having the characters or form of an eel. Anguillula (ang-gwil/-u-lah) [dim. of anguilla, an eel]. A genus of parasitic round worms. A. Ster- coralis. See Thread-worms and Parasites, Animal, Table of Anguine (ang/-gwin) [anguis, a snake]. snake-like. Anguish (ang/-gwish) [angustia, narrowness, distress]. Extreme bodily or mental distress. Angular (ang/-gu-lar) [angulus, an angle]. Pertaining to an angle. A. Artery and Vein, the terminal branches of the facial artery and vein. A. Gyrus, or Convolution, the pli courbe, a convolution of the brain. A. Movement, the movement between two bones that may take place forward and backward, or inward and outward. A. Processes, the external and internal extremities of the orbital arch of the frontal bone. Angularis scapulae Muscle (ang-gu-la/-ris skap/-u-le). The levator anguli scapula. See Muscles, Table of Anguliferous (ang-gu-Af’-er-us) [angulus, an angle; ferre, to bear]. In biology, having the last whorl angled or cornered. Angulinerved (ang/-gu-lin-ervd) [angulus, an angle; nervum, a nerve]. In biology, said of leaves in which the veins or nerves diverge from the midrib ; pinnately nerved. Angulo-dentate (ang/-gu-lo-dem/-tät) [angulus, an angle; dentatus, toothed]. With angular teeth. Angulus (ang/-gu-lus) [L.]. See Angle. Angustate (ang-gus/-tät) [angustare, to straiten; to narrow]. Narrow. Angustia (ang-gus/-te-ah) [L.]. Constriction; abnor- mal narrowness; distress. Angusticollis (ang-gus-de-Åo/-is) [angustus, narrow; collum, a neck]. In biology, with a slender neck. In biology, ANGUSTIDENTATE Angustidentate (ang-gus-te-den/-tät), [angustus, nar- row; dens, a tooth]. In biology, with slender teeth. Angustifoliate (ang-gus-te-fo/-le-āt) [angustus, narrow ; foliatus, leaved]. In biology, with narrow leaves. Angustirostrate (ang-gus-te-rosſ-trait) [angustus, nar- row; rostrum, beak]. In biology, having a narrow or compressed beak. Angustiseptate (ang-gus-de-sep/-tät) [angustus, narrow ; septum, a partition]. In biology, having a narrow septum. - Angustura (ang-gus-tu"-ra/) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A. town]. Cusparia Bark. The bark of Galipea cus- paria. A stimulant tonic and febrifuge used in malig- nant bilious fever, intermittent fever, and dysentery. In large doses emetic. Dose of fid. ext, muz—xxx; of the bark gr. x-xl. Unof. Infus. Cuspariae (B. P.). Dose 3i-ij. Angusturin (ang-gus'-ºu-rin) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A. town]. Synonym of Brucin, g. v. Anhaloin (an-ha!’-o-in) [Anhalonium]. An intensely poisonous alkaloid, derived from the fruit of Anſalo- nium (Mamillaria) lewinii, a cactus. It produces collapse, followed by tetanus. Unof. Anhalonium levinii (an-ha-lo'-me-um le-win/-e-ī) [L.]. The cactus of this name is a native of Mexico. Its active principle is intensely poisonous and resembles strychnin in action. Dose of the extract gtt. j. Unof. Anhaphia (an-ha/-fe-ah). See Anaphia. Anhela (an-he/-lah) [anhelatio, asthma]. A difficulty in breathing. A. amphemerina, A. asinina, A. canina, A. clamosa, A. clangosa, A. delassans, A. perennis, A. puerilis, A. spasmodica, A. strangulans, A. suffocans, A. tussiculosa, Syno- nyms of Pertussis. Anhelation (an-he-la/-shun) [anhelare, to pant]. Short- ness of breath; dyspnea. Anhematosis (an-hem-at-of-sis) [äv priv.; aluatóelv, to make bloody]. Defective formation of the blood. Anhidrosis (an-hid-ro/-sis) [äv priv.; iópóg, sweat]. Absence or deficiency of sweat excretion. Anhidrotic (am-hid-rotº-ik) [äv priv.; iópóg, sweat]. I. Tending to check sweating. 2. An agent that checks sweating. - Anhistous (am-his/-tus) [äv priv.; iotóg, a web]. Structureless; not organized ; plasmic. Anhydremia (am-hi-dre/-me-ah) [äv priv.; ióop, water; alpa, blood]. The opposite of hydremia; an abnor- mal decrease in the relative proportion of the water to that of the salts of the blood. Anhydrid (am-hi/-drid) [äv priv.; ióop, water]. One of a class of chemic compounds that may be regarded as made up of one or more molecules of water in which the whole of the hydrogen is replaced by nega: tive or acid radicals (that may themselves contain hydrogen). Anhydro-ecgonin (an-hi/-dro–e4/-go-min) ſāv priv.; ióop, water; Šk, out of; yovóg, bornj. A basic sub- stance in the cocain and ecgonin series, but more remote from cocain than ecgonin. A n hydro-glycochloral (am-hi/-dro-gli-ko-klo’-ra/). See Chloralose. Anhydromyelia º -le-ah), [ćiv priv.; ióop, water; plvežáv, marrow]. A deficiency of the fluid that normally fills the spinal cavity. Anhydrous (am-hiſ-drus) [äv priv.; ióop, water]. In chemistry, a term used to denote the absence of hydroxyl or of constitutional water. Anhysteria (am-his-teſ-re-ah) [äv priv.; iotépa, the wombl. Absence of the uterus. Anideus (an-id/-e-us) [äv priv.; elóoc, form]. The lowest form of omphalosite, in which the parasiticſ 87 ANIMALCULE fetus is reduced to a shapeless mass of flesh covered with skin. Anidous “...) [āv priv.; eiðog, form]. Form- less, from general arrest of development; used of fetal monsters. - . Anidrosis (an-id-ro/-sis). Anidrotic (an-id-rot/-īA). See Anhidrotic. Anile (an/-il) [amilis, an old woman]. Imbecile. Anilid (am/-iſ-id) [Arab., al, the ; mil, dark blue]. Compounds formed by the action of acid chlorids or acid anhydrids upon the anilins. They are very stable derivatives. Anilin (an/-iſ-in) [Arab., al, the ; mil, dark blue], CeBI,N. Amidobenzene; formed in the dry distillation of bituminous coal, bones, indigo, isatin, and other nitrogenous substances. It is made by reducing nitro- benzene. It is a colorless liquid with a faint peculiar odor, boiling at 183°; its sp. gr. at O’ is I.O36. When perfectly pure it solidifies on cooling, and melts at —8°. It is slightly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. Combined with chlorin, the chlorates, and hypochlorites, the various anilin dyes are produced. It is a powerful narcotic poison. It is used in chorea and epilepsy with benefit in one-half grain doses. Unof. A. Black, Cisłł is Na, one of the indulins formed by the oxidation of anilin by means of potassium chlorate in the presence of copper or vanadium salts. It is a dark-green amorphous pow- der, insoluble in the ordinary reagents, and is used in calico printing as a black color. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Colors. See Con- spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Red. See Fuchsin. A. Sulphate, [CSPIs NH2] SO, H2, used as a test for lignin. See Stains, Table of A. Violet. See Tyrolin. Anilinophile (an-iſ-in/-o-fi/) [anilin, pu%éew, to love]. Readily stained with anilin. Anilism (an/-iſ-izm) [anilin]. . An acute or chronic disease produced in workmen in anilin factories by the poisonous fumes. Anility (an-i/-it-e) [anilis, an old woman]. The state of being imbecile or childish. - Anima (an/-im-ah) [animus, spirit]. The soul; the vital principle; formerly, the active principle of a drug or medicine. Animal (an/-im-al) [anima, the spirit, breath, or life]. An organic being having life and power of motion. Pertaining to the same. The animal kingdom is com- posed of the Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata, and A’adiata. A. Black. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Charcoal, bone-black, ivory- black, etc., is the product of calcining bones in close vessels. A. Chemistry, that concerning itself with the composition of animal bodies. A. Electricity, electricity generated in the body. A. Function, any physiological action or process. A. Gum, C12H26Olo–H 2H2O. A substance prepared from mucin by Landwehr, and so named on account of its resemblance to the gum of commerce. It occurs in many tissues of the body, is soluble in water, and in alkaline solution readily dissolves cupric oxid, the solution not being reduced on boiling. It yields no coloration with iodin, and is very feebly dextrorotatory. A. Heat, the normal temperature of the body, about 98.5° F. A. Kingdom, a name for all animals considered col- See Azz/ºza/rosis. lectively. A. Magnetism, mesmerism, hypnotism, etc. A. Oil. See Dippel’s Oil. A. Starch. See G/ycogen. A. Tissue. See Złssue. Animalcule (an-im-a/-kül) [animalculum, dim, of animal, a minute animal : pl., Animalcula]. An organism so small as to require the microscope for its examination. ANIMALCULISM Animalculism (an-im-al/-ku-lizm) [animalculum, a little animal]. See Spermism and Incasement. Animalculist (an-im-a/-ku-list) [animalculum, a little animal]. See Incasement. - Animalization (an-im-a/-īz-a/-shun) [animalis, ani- mate]. The process of assimilating food to the tis- sues of the body. Animation (an-im-a/-shum) [animare, to have life or existence]. To be possessed of life. Formerly used to denote the effect of the vital principle by which the fetus acquires the power of continuing its existence. A., Suspended, a condition marked by interrupted respiration and consciousness; caused by strangulation, the inhalation of carbon dioxid or other gases, etc. Anime (an/-im-e) [Fr., animé, origin doubtful]. A name of various resins, especially that of Hymenaea courðari/, a tree of tropical America; sometimes used in plaster, etc. Unof. See Copal. Animism (an/-im-izm) [anima, soul]. Stahl’s theory of life and disease, namely, that the soul is the source of both normal and pathologic activities. Anion (an/-e-on) [ävá, up; ióv, going]. In electroly- sis, an electro-negative element. See Zon. Anions (an/-e-on2) [ävlóv, going up). The atoms that collect around either pole when a compound is decom- posed by electricity. Aniridia (an-ir-id/ º [āv priv.; lpig, the rainbowl. Absence or defect of the iris. Anisandrous (an-is-an/-drus) [ävloog, unequal; āvhp, male]. Same as Anisostenemous. - Anisanthous (an-is-an/-thus) [ävloog, unequal; duffoc, flower]. In biology, varying as to the form of the perianth. Anischuria (an-is-ku/-re-a/) [äv priv.; to youpia, re- tention of urine]. Enuresis or incontinence of urine. Anise (an/-is). See Anisum. - Anisic (an-is/-īk) [anisum, anise]. Pertaining or be- longing to anise. A. Acid. See Acid. A. Aldehyd. See A/dehyd. Anisin (an/-is-in) [anisum, anise], Co., H2N,Oa. artificial crystalline alkaloid, a derivative of anise. Anisobryous (an-is-ob’-re-us) [ävloog, unequal; 6pūov, growth.J. Same as Monocotyledonous. Anisocoria (an-is-o-Aoſ-re-a/) [ävloog, unequal; Kopff, pupil]. Inequality in the diameter of the pupils. Anisodont (an-i/-so-dont) [ävloog, unequal; 6óotic, tooth]. In biology, having irregular teeth of unequal length. . Anisognathous (an-is-og/-na-thus) [ävloog, unequal; yvá00c, jaw]. In biology, having the two jaws unlike as to the molar teeth. Anisogynous (an-is-oj/-in-us) [ävloog, unequal; Yvvá, a female]. In biology, with fewer carpels than sepals. Anisol (an/-is-ol) ſamisum, anise], C, HsO. Methyl phenyl ether, produced by heating phenol with potas- sium and methyl iodid or potassium methyl sulphate in alcoholic solution. It is an ethereal-smelling liquid, boiling at I52°; its sp. gr. at I5° is O. 991. Anisomelous (an-is-om/-el-us) [ävloog, unequal; pié%0ç, a limb]. With limbs of unequal length. Anisomerous (an-is-om/-er-us) [ävloog, unequal; plépoc, part]. In biology, having the parts or organs unequal in successive series, as parts of the flowers in different whorls, or ridges, or successive molar teeth. Anisometropia (an-is-o-me-tro/-pe-ah) [äv priv.; loog, equal; ſuérpov, a measure; &lp, the eyel. A differ- ence in the refraction of the two eyes. Anisometropic (an-is-o-me-trop’-i}) [áv priv.; loog, equal ; ſuérpov, a measure; &lp, the eyel. Affected with anisometropia. - Anisopetalous (an-is-o-pet/-a/-us) [ävlooc, unequal; Téražov, leaf). In biology, with unequal petals. An 88 ANKYLOBLEPHARON Anisophyllous (an-is-off’-il-us)[ävloog, unequal; pú%ov, leaf). In biology, applied to the leaves of a pair of whorls when they are unequal. Anisopia (an-is-o'-pe-ah) [ävlooc, unequal; &lp, eye.j. Inequality of visual power in the two eyes. Anisopleural (an-is-o-plu'-ra!) [ävloog, unequal; TAevpá, the side]. In biology, bilaterally asym- metric. Anisopogonous (*.*.*. [ävloog, unequal; Tóyov, beard]. In biology, applied to feathers the vanes of which are asymmetric. Anisopterous (an-is-op/-ter-us) TTepóv, a wing]. unequal wings. - Anisospore (an-i/-so-spor) [ävloog, unequal; otrópa, a spore]. In biology, one of the two varieties of spores produced by colonial species of Radiolarians. Anisostemenous (an-is-o-stem/-em-us) [ävloog, un- equal; othplov, a thread]. In biology, applied to plants the stamens of which are not of the same num- ber as the petals. Anisosthenic (an-is-o-sthen/-ić) offévog, strength]. of muscles, etc. Anisostomous (an-is-os/-tom-us) [ävloog, unequal; otópia, mouth]. With an irregular mouth or orifice. A n is otropic (an-is-o-trop/-īk) [ävloog, unequal; TpóTog, turning]. Not possessing the same properties in all directions with respect to light. In biology, varying in irritability in different parts or organs. Anisotropous (an-is-of/-ro-pus) [ävloog, unequal; Tpéretv, to turn]. Not isotropous; not having the same re- fracting power in all directions. A term applied to doubly refracting bodies. Anisum (an/-is-um) [L. ; gen., Anisi). Anise. The fruit of Anisum pimpinella. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is slightly stimulant to the heart action. It is useful chiefly to liquefy bronchial secre- tions, and is therefore a favorite ingredient in cough mixtures. Dose gr. x-xx. A. Aqua, oil of anise I, water 500 parts. Dose indefinite. A. Essentia (B. P.). Dose mix-xx. A. Oleum, an ingredient in tinct. opii camph. Dose, muj-v. A. Spt., a ten per cent. solution of the oil in alcohol. Dose, gi-ij. Anisyl (an/-is-il) [anisum, anise], CsPI.O.. A hypo- thetic radicle supposed to be found in anise and its derivatives. - Anitrogenous (ah'-ni-tro/-em-us) [á priv.; nitrum, niter; yewfic, producing]. Non-nitrogenous. Anixyus (ah'-nićs/-e-us) [ä priv.; tºg, the loins]. biology, without hips and thighs. Ankle (ang/-k/) [M. E., ancle]. The joint between the tibia and fibula above and on the sides, and the astragalus below. It is a ginglymus joint, with three ligaments, the anterior, internal, and external. A.-bone, the astragalus. A. Clonus, the succession of a number of rhythmic muscular contractions in the calf of the leg, when the limb is extended and the foot flexed suddenly by a pressure upon the sole. It is a symptom of various diseases of the myelon, such as meningo-myelitis. See A'eſſexes, Table of A.-jerk. See A. Clonus. A.-joint. See Ankle. In biology, the tarsal joint. A. Reflex. See A. Clomats. Anklet (ang//-let) [M. E., ancle]. A leathern band to pass around and support the ankle. Ankuroid (ang/-Au-roid). See Ankyroid. Ankylenteron (ang-kil-en/-ter-on) [äykö%m, a coil; $vrepov, an intestine]. An adhesion between intesti- nal coils. Ankyloblepharon º,/-ar-on) [äyköAm, a thong or loop; 8%apov, the eyelid]. The adhesion of the ciliary edges of the eyelids. [ävloog, unequal; In biology, with asymmetric or [ävldog, unequal; Not of equal power; used of pairs In ANKYLOCHEILIA Ankylocheilia (ang-kil-o-Ai/-le-ah) [ääkiºm, loop; zeixog, lip]. Adhesion of the lips. Ankylocolpos (ang-kil-o-ko/-pos) [äykö%m, a noose; kóAtrog, the vagina]. Atresia or closure of the vagina or vulva. Ankylocore (ang-kil-ok/ ...? the pupil]. Obliteration o adhesion. Ankylodontia (ang-kil-o-don’-she-ah) [äyköAm, a loop; ôóoíg, a tooth]. Irregularity in the position of the teeth. Ankyloglossia (ang-kil-o-glosſ-e-ah) [äykö%m, a noose; YAógoa, the tongue]. Tongue-tie. Ankyloglossotome (ang-kil-o-glosſ-o-tom) [äykö%m, a noose; YWöGoa, the tongue; Tôpin, a cut]. An instru- ment used in treating tongue-tie. Ankylomele (ang-kil-o-me/-le) [äykvāopiñ77; āykºoc, bent; piñ%m, a probe]. A curved probe. Ankylomerism (ang-kil-om/-er-izm) [äyküAm, a tie; Mépog, a part]. Abnormal adherence of parts to each other. - - Ankylopodia (ang-kil-o-po'-de-ah) [äyköAm, a loop; Totic, a foot]. Ankylosis of the ankle-joint. Ankyloproctia (ang-kil-o-proA:/-te-ah) [äykö27, a loop; trpokróg, the anus]. Atresia of the anus. - Ankylorrhinia (ang-kil-o-rin/-e-ah) [äykö20c, a loop; bic, the nose]. Marked adhesion between the walls of a nostril. - Ankylose (ang/-kil-ās) [äyköWoç, bent]. To be, or to become, consolidated or firmly united, as two bones; used commonly of pathologic, but sometimes of nor- mal, union. Ankylosis (ang-kil-o/-sis) [äyköWoç, a stiff joint]. Union of the bones forming a joint, resulting in a stiff joint. A., False, or Spurious, is due to the rigidity of sur- rounding parts. A., True, or Bony, when the con- necting material is bone. A., Ligamentous, when the medium is fibrous. Ankylostoma (ang-kil-osſ-to-mah), or Ankylostomum (ang-kil-osſ-to-mum) [äykúñog, crooked; otóga, a mouth]. A genus of nematoid worms, one species of which, A. duodenale, is found in the human intestine. This is now referred to the genus Dochmius. See [äykö%m, a noose; kópm, the pupil by closure and Ankylostomiasis. - Ankylostomiasis (ang-kil-os-to-mi’-as-is) [äykūāoc, crooked; otópua, a mouth]. A peculiar anemia produced by the parasite Ankydostoma duodenale (Dochmius duodenalis. Leuck), sucking the blood from the walls of the duodenum. It is especially prevalent among brickmakers and other workmen in Europe. It is called also Dochmiasis, Brickmakers’ Anemia, Tunnel Anemia, Miners’ Cachexia, Egyp- tian Chlorosis, Tropical Chlorosis, etc. Male fern and thymol expel the worm. Ankylotia (ang-kil-o'-she-ah) [äykö%m, a noose; oig, ear]. Union of the walls of the meatus auditorius. Ankylotome (ang-ki/-o-tom) ſaykö%m, a loop; tāum, a cut]. I. A knife for operating on tongue-tie. 2. Any curved knife. Ankyrism (ang/-kir-izm) [äyköptoga, a hooking]. Articulation or suture by one bone hooking upon another. Ankyroid (ang/-kir-oid) [äykupa, a hook]. Hook- shaped. A. Cavity, in the brain, the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle. A. Process, the coracoid process. Anlage (an/-lag-e) [Ger., “a laying out ’’]. In bi- ology, a term adopted from the German to indicate (1) a primary constituent of the germ or organism; (2) a constitutional predisposition. - Annandale’s Operation. See Operations, Zable of Annatto (an-at’-o). See Annotto. sº 89 ANODIC Anneal (an-el/) [Saxon, ammelan, to heat]. To heat and cool slowly, as gold or other metals. Annealing (an-e/-ing) [Saxon, annelan, to heat]. The process of applying heat to a metal for the purpose of removing brittleness and increasing its ductility and malleability. Annectent (an-ek/-tent) [ad, to ; mectere, to bind]. In biology, linking or binding together. Annelism (an/-el-izm) [anel/us, dim. of annulus, a ring]. In biology, possessing a ringed structure. Annidalin (an-id/-a/-än). See Aristol. Annotin (an/-o-tin). [annotinus, of last year]. biology, one year old. Annotinous (an-of/-in-us) [annotinus, of last year]. In biology, having distinct yearly growths. Annotto (an-of/-o) [native American]. Annatto, armotto. A coloring matter obtained from the pel- licles of the seeds of Aixa orellana. L. Used to color plasters. Also employed as an artificial color for butter. See Pigments, Conspectus of Annual (an/-u-al) [annus, a year]. Yearly. biology, plants that mature and die in one year. Annuens (an/-az-enz) [annocere, to nod]. The rectus capitis anticus minor muscle. See Muscles, Table of Annuent (am/-u-ent) [amnuere, to nod]. Serving to bend the head forward; as annuent muscles. Annular (an/-u-lar) [annulus, a ring]. Ring-like. A number of ligaments of the joints are called annular, as those of the ankle, wrist, etc. A. Cartilage, the cri- coid cartilage. A. Finger, the ring finger. A. Mus- cle of Müller, the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle. A. Process, or Protuberance, the pons varolii. A. Reflex (of macula), a ring-like reflection sometimes seen with the ophthalmoscope surrounding the macula. Annulism (an/-a-ſizm) [annulus, a ring]. The state or quality of being ringed, as shown in certain worms. Annulose (an/-u-lós) [annulus, a ring]. In biology, possessing rings. Annulus (an/-at-lus) [annulus, a ring]. A ring-shaped or circular opening. A circular or rounded margin. In biology, an encircling band, as those about the cap- sules of mosses; the spore-cases of ferns, the mantle. Cf. Molluscs, etc. A. abdominalis, the external and internal abdominal rings. A. abdominis, the inguinal ring. A. ciliaris, the boundary between the iris and choroid. A. fibrosus, the external part of the inter- vertebral discs. A. membrani tympani, an incom- plete bony ring that forms the fetal auditory process of the temporal bone. A. osseus, the tympanic plate. A. ovalis, the rounded or oval margin of the Foramen ovale. A. subgenitalis, a firm, cartilaginous-like, Subgenital ring, the supporting plate of the subum- brella in medusae. A. tracheae, any tracheal ring. A. umbilicus, the umbilical ring. A. of Vieus- sens. Same as A. ovalis. Anocarpous (an-o-Kar/-pus)[ävo, upward; Kapíróg, fruit]. In biology, bearing fruit on the upper side of the frond. Anocathartic (an-o-kath-ar'-tié) [ävo, upward; kat}- aptakóg, purging]. Emetic. Ano-coccygeal (a-no-kok-sij/-e-al) [anus, the funda- ment; Kókkvš, the coccyx]. Pertaining to the anus and the coccyx. A. Ligament, connects the tip of the coccyx with the external sphincter ani muscle. Anodal (an/-o-dal) [ävá, up; 66óg, a way]. Relating to an anode ; electrically positive. A. Diffusion. Same as Cataphoresis. A. Opening Contraction. See Contraction. Anode (an/-äd) [ävá, up; 66óg, a way]. pole of a galvanic battery. Anodic (an-od”-ić) [ävá, upward; boðg, way]. In biol- ogy, applied to the upper edges of leaves arranged in ascending spirals. In In The positive ANODONTIA Anodontia (an-o-don/-she-ah) [äv priv.; 8000c, tooth]. Absence of the teeth. Anodyne (an/-o-dim) [äv priv.; 66üvi), pain]. A med- icine that gives relieſ from pain. From their tendency to produce sleep they are called hypnotics. A., Hoff- man's. See A/her. Anodynia (an-o-dim/-e-ah) [äv priv.; 80in·m, pain]. Absence of pain. Anoea (an-e'-ah). See Anoia. - Anoesia (an-o-e'-ze-ah) [ävoyota, a want of sense]. Want of understanding. Anogenic (an-o-jen/-ić) [ävá, upward; yewfic, produced]. In biology, of ascending or inward growth. Anoia (an-of/-ah) [ävota, idiocy]. Synonym of Idiocy. Anol (an/-ol) [see Amethol J, CoFilo O. A substance obtained from anethol by heating it with caustic alkali to 200–230°. It consists of brilliant leaflets, melting at 92°. Anomaliflorous (an-om-al-if-lo’-rus) [anomalus, irreg- ular; ſos, flower]. In biology, bearing irregular flowers. Anomaliped (an-om/-al-ip-ed) [anomalus, irregular; pes, foot]. In biology, characterized by having one of the phalanges of the middle toe joined to the inner toe, and three to the outer toe, as in syndactylous birds, the kingfisher, etc. Anomalocephalous (an-om-al-o-sef’-al-us) [ävóplažog, strange; Kepažň, the head]. Having a deformed head. Anomalocephalus (an-om-al-o-sef’-a/-us) [ävóplažog, strange; Kepažň, the head]. One who has a deformed head. - Anomalogonatous (an-om-al-o-gon/-at-us) [ävóplažog, strange; yováttov, hip-joint]. In biology, said of birds (Passeres) having no ambiens muscle. Anomalous (an-om/-al-us) [ävóplažog, not ordinary]. Irregular; characterized by deviation from the com- mon or normal order. Anomalus (an-on/-al-us) [ävóplažog, not ordinary]. A muscle or muscular slip sometimes occurring be- neath the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi. Anomaly (an-om/-a/-e) [ävouažía, irregularity]. marked deviation from the normal or typical structure Or OCCUlrren Ce. Anomobranchiate (an-o-mo-brang/-ke-āţ)[ävouog, irreg- ular; 3páyºta, gills]. In biology, characterized by having anomalous gills. Anomo-carpous (an-o-mo-kar/-pus) [ävouoc, irregular; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, producing anomalous or irregular fruits. Anomocephalus (an-o-mo-sef’-a/-us) [ä priv.; v6/10g, law; Kepaññ, head]. See Anomalocephalus. Anomophyllous (an-o-mofº-iſ-us) [á priv.; vöplog, a law; på2%ov, a leaf J. In biology, with irregularly- arranged leaves. Anomphalous (an-om/-ſa/-us) [äv priv.; bugažóg, navel]. Having no navel, a condition that may result from disease or from a surgical operation. Anomural (an-o-mae/ral) [ävouog, irregular; otpá, tail]. In biology, characterized by having a small, irregular tail. Anonychia (an-o-mik/-e-ah) [äv priv.; Absence or defect of the nails. Anonym (an/-o-mim) [ävóvvuog, nameless]. In biology, an insignificant or unscientifically formed name. Anonyma (an-on/-im-ah) [äv priv.; 6vvua, name]. The innominate artery. Anonymous (am-on/-im-us) [äv priv.; 6vvua, a name]. Nameless. A. Bone. See Annominatum. Anoëpsia (an-o-op’-se-a/.) [ävó, upward; 6thug, vision]. Strabismus in which the eye is turned upward. Anophthalma (an-off-tha/-mah). See Anophthalmia. bvvš, nail]. 90 A ANOSTOMUS Anophthalmia (an-off-thal/-me-ah) [äv priv.; 64.6ažuóg, eye]. Congenital absence of the eyes. A. cyclo- pica, a congenital malformation in which the eye- socket is very ill-developed and the orbit rudimentary or altogether absent. Anophthalmos (an-off-thal/-mus) [äv priv.; 6.40a2uóg, eye]. I. Congenital absence of the eyes. 2. A person born without eyes. Anopia (an-o’-pe-ah) [äv priv.; &lp, the eye]. sence or rudimentary development of the eye. Anopluriform (an-o-plu'-rform) [ävotWog, unarmed; oipá, tail; forma, form]. Resembling or related to a louse. Anopsia (an-op/-se-ah) [äv priv.; 6 pig, vision]. See Amblyopia. Anopsy (an/-op-se). Same as Anopsia. Anopylus (an-o-pi/-lus) [avo, forward; Tú%m, a gate]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which there is a strong forward inclination of the foramen magnum. Anorchia (an-or/-ke-ah). See Amorchism. Anorchism (an/-or-kizm) [äv priv.; 5pxic, the testicle]. Absence of the testicles. Anorchous (an-or/-kus) [äv priv.; Without testicles. Anorchus (an-or/-kus) [ä priv.; 5pxic, the testicle]. A person in whom the testicles are absent or not de- scended. Anorectic, Anorectous (an-o-reš/-tić, an-o-rek/-tus) [äv priv.; 6pešac, appetite]. Without an appetite. Anorexia (an-o-rek/-se-ah) [äv priv.; 6peść, appetite]. Absence or diminution of appetite, occurring in gastric diseases, fevers, and many chronic affections. A., Hysteric. See Apepsia, Aſysteric. A. nervosa, an hysteric affection occurring chiefly in young neurotic females. It is characterized by extreme emaciation and a great aversion to food. Anorganic (an-or-gam/-ä) [á priv.; 6pyavov, an organ]. Not containing organs, as the epidermis. Anorhin (an/-or-in) [ävo, upward; big, the nose]. A term applied by Lissauer to skulls in which the sub- nasal point lies above the radius fixus taken as a horizontal. Anorophos (an-o’-ro-fos) [ä priv.; 6popog, a roof J. Not having the skull-cap. Anorthopia (an-or-thoſ-pe-ah) [äv priv.; 8pffég, straight; 6iptſ, vision]. I. A defect in vision in which straight lines do not seem straight, and parallelism or symmetry is not properly perceived. 2. Squinting; obliquity of VISIOI). Anorthosis (an-or-tho/-sis) [äv priv.; 6pffootſ, a making straight]. Absence or defect of erectility. Anosia (an-o’-se-ah) [á priv.; vöoog, disease]. out disease; normal health. Anosmia (an-oz/-me-ah) [äv priv.; bogh, smell]. Partial or complete loss of the sense of smell, due either to local disease or disease of the olfactory nerves or bulb. It is associated with impairment or loss of the sense of taste. Anosphrasia (am-os-fra/-ze-ah smell]. Defect or absence of the sense of smell. Anosphresia (an-os-fre/-se-ah). See Anosphresis. Anosphresis (an-os-fre/-sis) [äv priv.; 60 ppmouc, odor]. Same as Amosphrasia. Anosphresy (an-os/ º Š S :4al SS § {{3\%.4% º § &\!º ^y *** ** * * * §§ ſºfagº |S. .S. § : |S tº: SS . - N5 sº ‘S. S. ( . : 3 ‘º $: ; ; $ §: . - ... = E > - ? ſº- s tº % Gil # 3 # = {- * - º § Cº a *72%; 3? §§ * º it’s & § § N Asce” — a Sº & & *zes S/(“ºzāſāN & 4«，6øuºdą9çøya， wozyŅe?? § lºp’uºqqoq}‘SŅ' azºno, yņņază șř*（??? （vyn， ſo&ſºš）!š%22&ſºzzz 7z-zºzº??///////Șº Ž/ž ^831&v ºtwTvºlºdo ao sgubnyga-zzzzzzzzzpffwydžā ŅĒžnomy/yzzzdºzº 2 （ 9， * | -}2ººº/， dºrſ,§§24’dºzo zraeg / 。 >$.\º &&\\！\， ， .60%)§ æsºn/yº}•ķazo zoºdſ „ſººżywy Trººpaſſº ongouzo?sº?/W ºgterºſ| !% ‘HOIHL(INVSIATIĆI IHL JOS3RIGILAIV ɀ/4ºaſ żºnyaſný， * }} |ºp"Jēļļ0&{ ºſtazgºſz， .&&№ ！! ?îT|（„|“№*、 /%ſ" %%ſºÇ） ſºĢ%)�ç?! offſ -∞ &0| •••••••øøEºg， L,Ø222 2ºººoºº2，2,6，7Dź ！\, ，!/ §§ 32. VIHOV AHL 30 SĀHONVHØI 114 ARTERIES OF THE LEG. gzºgºſ zoº.cº2ºº2 finaw, &mpendgäiatomy $, §. S<！, _ſyzuººººº=Šº） ºù riv 10 Potterdel ARTERIOSTENOSIS Arteriostenosis (ar-te-re-o-ste-mo/-sis) [äprepta, trachea; orev6c, narrow]. The narrowing of the caliber of an artery in any part. Arteriostrepsis (ar-te-re-o-strep/-sis) [äptepia, trachea ; orpéºptc, a twisting]. The twisting of an artery for the purpose of staying a hemorrhage. Arteriotome º -re-o-tam) [äprepia, trachea ; tāuvetv, to cut]. A knife for use in arteriotomy. Arteriotomy (ar-te-re-off’-o-me) [äprepia, trachea; Téuvetv, to cut]. I. The cutting or opening of an artery, as for the purpose of letting blood. 2. Dissec- tion or anatomy of the arteries. Arterious (ar-te/-re-us) [äprepta, trachea). to anatomy or to the arteries; arterial. Arterio-venous (ar-te-re-o-ve’-mus) [äptepia, trachea; vena, vein]. Both arterial and venous; involving an artery and a vein, as an arterio-venous aneurysm. Arterio-version (ar-te-re-o-ver’-shun) [äprepia, trachea; vertere, to turn]. Weber's method of arresting hemor- rhage by turning vessels inside out by means of an instrument called the arterio-zerter. Arterio-verter. See Arteriozersion. Arteritis (ar-te-ri'-tis) [äptmpia, trachea ; tric, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of an artery. The acute form, always local, is generally consecutive to trauma, thrombosis, or embolism, and may be purulent in character, and attended with ulceration ; the chronic, more properly Andarteritis, g. v., arterial sclerosis, leading to atheroma or atheromatous changes, is a frequent disease of the aged. A. deformans, the result of atheromatous changes producing crumpling or irregularities of the walls. See Chronic Andarteritis. A. obliterans, great inflammatory development of the endothelium of an artery, resulting in obliteration of the lumen by thrombosis. See Endarteritis obliterans. Artery (ar/-ter-e) [arteria; * - àptmpia, trachea). Arteries are the tube-like vessels through which the blood is propelled by the heart to the peripheral organs. They end in arterioles and capillaries. They are com- posed of three layers: the outer, or tunica adventitia; the middle, or tunica media, the muscular coat; the internal, or intima, composed of nucleated en- dothelial cells, connective and elastic tissue. A. Term in a 1, an artery Nºs whose branches do not tº form anastomoses with º other arteries. A table of the arteries is appended. Arthragra (ar-thra/-grah) [äp?pov, a joint; &ypa, seizurel. Gout. Arthral (azz/ ğ [äpôpov, - al joint]. Articular; relat- CoATS OF A SMALL ARTERY. ing to an arthron. a, endothelium; b, internal º e elastic lamina; c, circular Arthralgia (ar-thra/-je-ah) muscular fibers'ofthe middle [äpôpov, a joint; &Wyoç, coat ; d, the outer coat. pain]. Pain in a joint; Relating (Landois.) gout; arthritis; rheumatism. Arthralgic (ar-thral/-již) [äpôpov, a joint; &Ayoc, pain]. Relating to arthralgia. - Arthrectomy (ar-thre&/-to-me) [äpôpov, a joint; Škrogh, a cutting out]. Surgical excision-of a joint. Arthrelcosis (ar-threſ-ko/-sis) [äpſpov, a joint; 8%kogic, ulceration]. Ulceration of a joint. 115 ARTHROGRYPOSIS Arthremia (ar-thre/-me-a/.) [äp?pov, a joint; aipa, blood]. A congested condition of a joint. Arthrempyema (ar-threm-pî-e'-mah) [äp6pov, a joint; £u- trümpia, suppuration]. Suppuration or abscess of a joint. Arthrempyesis (ar-threm-pî-e'-sis). See Arthroem- Ayesis. Arthritic (ar-thrit/-ić) [äpäpov, a joint]. arthritis or to gout. Arthritis (ar-thri/-tis) [äpt'pov, a joint; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a joint. A. chlorotica. Synonym of Enterizis pseudomembramous. A. defor- mans, chronic inflammation of a joint with deformity; rheumatoid arthritis. A. fungosa, scrofulous or tuber. cular disease of the joints; white swelling. A. pau- perum. Synonym of Rheumatoid arthritis. A. proliferating. See A. deformans. A. rheumatic, Chronic rheumatoid arthritis ; Osteo-arthritis, Rheze- matic gout ; AVodular rheumatism; Arthritis defor- mans; a chronic joint-affection characterized by inflammatory overgrowth of the articular cartilages and synovial membranes, with destruction of those parts of the cartilages subject to intra-articular pressure, and progressive deformity. The disease attacks those who present the rheumatic diathesis, and is chiefly seen in advanced life, though the young are not exempt. A., rheumatoid. See A. deformans. A. uritica, arthritis due to gout. Arthritism (ar’-thrit-izm) [äpäpov, a joint]. the gouty diathesis. Arthritolith (ar-thrit/-o-lith) [äpºpov, a joint; Affoc, a stone]. Gouty calcareous deposit or concretion in or around a joint. Arthrobranchia (ar-thro-brang/-ke-ah) [äpºpov, a joint; 3páyxia, gills]. In biology, a branchial plume at- tached to the membranous articulation between the coxa and the body of decapod crustaceans. Arthrocace (ar-throž/-as-e) [äpfloov, a joint; kakóg, ill]. Fungous, strumous, or tuberculous arthritis. Arthrocacology (ar-thro-kak-o/-o-je) [äpt'pov, joint; Kákm, fault; 7.6).og, science]. The sum of knowledge regarding joint-diseases. Arthrocele (ar/-thro-sel, or ar-thro-se/-/e) [äpôpov, a joint; kážſ, a tumor). Swelling of a joint, especially of a knee-joint in gonorrheal rheumatism. Arthrochondritis (ar-thro-Aon-dri’-(is) [äpfpov, a joint; 2óvópog, a cartilage ; trig, inflammation]. Inflamma- tion of the cartilaginous parts of a joint. Arthroclasia (ar-thro-Ala/-se-ah) [äpt'pov, a joint; kžáelv, to break]. The breaking down of ankyloses in order to produce free movement of a joint. Arthroclasy (ar/-thro-Ala-se). Same as Arthroclasia. Arthroderm (ar/ %.; [äpôpov, a joint; 6épua, skin]. The parietes of an arthropod. Arthrodesis (ar-throa/-es-is) [äpt'pov, joint; déotg, a binding]. Surgical fixation of paralyzed joints. Arthrodia (ar-thro’-de-ah) [äpt'podia, a kind of articula- tion]. A form of joint permitting a gliding movement. See Diarthrosis. Arthrodial (ar-thro’-de-al) [äpt'podia, a kind of articu- lation]. Pertaining to or of the nature of arthrodia. Arthrodynia (ar-thro-dim/-e-a/.) [äpt'pov, a joint; 60üv7, pain]. See Arthralgia. Arthrodynic (ar-thro-dim/-ić) [äpäpov, a joint; 66üvm, pain]. Relating to or affected by arthrodynia. Arthroempyesis (ar-thro-em-pi-e'-sis) [äpäpov, a joint; éputtingug, suppuration]. Suppuration in a joint. Arthrography (ar-throg’-ra-ſe) [äpºpov, a joint ; ypáðelv, to write]. A description of the joints, Arthrogryposis (ar-thro-grip-of-sis) [äpäpov, a joint ; ypt toolg, flexure]. I. Permanent flexure of a joint; ankylosis. 2. Persistent idiopathic contracture of a joint. 3. Tetany or tetanilla. Relating to Gout or ARTERIES 116 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES. NAME. ORIGIN. - DISTRIBUTION. Branches. *— Aberrant (from brach- ial or axillary). Connect the brachial or axillary with the r a dial, usually, at or interosseous. times with the ulnar Acromial. Acromio-thoracic. Deltoid muscle (in part), assists in the formation of the acromial rete. Acromial. Suprascapular. Acromial rete. A cro m io-th oracic (thoracic axis). Second branch of first part of axillary. Shoulder, arm, upper anterior part of chest, and mammary gland. Acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavicu- alſ. - . Adipose. Thoracic aorta. Adipose tissue of heart. Afferent. Interlobular of kidneys. Glomeruli. Alar thoracic. Second part of axillary. Lymphatic glands in axilla. Alveolar (gingival). Posterior dental. The gums. º . . ; Anastomotic (of exter- nal plantar). External plantar. Outer border of foot. |Anastomoses with the tarsal and metatarsal branches of the dorsalis pedis, ... • Anastomotic (of inter- nal plantar). Internal plantar. Inner side of foot. Anastomoses with internal tarsal branch of the dorsalis pedis. Anastomotic (of mid- dle meningeal), also called perforating. Middle meningeal. Around greater wing of sphenoid. |Anastomose with deep temporal. Anastomotic (of sci- atic). Sciatic. External rotator muscles of thigh. |Assists in the formation of the crucial ana Stom OSIS. Anastomotica magna (of brachial). Brachial. Elbow. |Posterior and anterior. Anastomotica magna Superficial femoral (in Knee. Superficial and deep. (of superficial fe-| Hunter’s canal). moral). Angular. The termination of the Lachrymal sac and lower part of or- facial. bicularis palpebrarum. Anastomoses with infraorbital. Anterior (of corpora quadrigemina). Posterior cerebral. gemina. Anterior portion of corpora quadri- Anterior (of recepta- cle). - Internal carotid. Dura mater of cavernous sinus and ad- jacent parts. Antral. Posterior dental. Antrum of Highmore. Aorta, abdominal. Thoracic aorta. Two common iliacs. |Phrenic (right and left), celiac axis suprarenal or capsular (right and left), superior mesenteric, lumbar (four pairs), renal (right and left), spermatic (right and left), inferior mesenteric, right and left common iliac, middle sacral. .. Aorta, arch. Left ventricle of heart. Thoracic aorta. Two coronary, innominate, left com- mon carotid, left subclavian. Aorta, primitive. That portion from the origin to the point at which the first branch is given off. Aorta, thoracic. Arch of aorta. Abdominal aorta. |Two or three pericardiac, three bronchial, four or five esophageal, twenty intercostal, subcostal (or . twelfth dorsal), diaphragmatic, aberrans. - Aortae, primitive (2). Cardiac (in the em- bryo). Pass through the first visceral arch. |Unite to form the dorsal. Appendicular: Ilio-colic. Mesentery of vermiform appendix. Articular, middle (of knee). Popliteal. Crucial ligaments and joint. Articular, superior ex- ternal (of knee). Popliteal. Crureus and knee. ARTERIES 117 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHEs. Articular, superior, in- ternal. Popliteal. ICnee. Ascending. External circumflex. Deep structures of gluteal region and . hip-joint. Asternal. Internal mammary. Inner surface of costal cartilages. Atrabiliary. See Cap- szélaz”. Auditory, internal. Basilar. Internal ear. Auricular. Occipital. Pinna and concha. Auricular, anterior, in- ferior. Superficial temporal. Auricle and external auditory meatus. A uricular, anterior, superior. Superficial temporal. Auricle and external meatus. Auricular, deep. Internal maxillary (first part). - Membrana tympani and skin of ex- ternal auditory meatus. Auricular, left. Left coronary artery. Left auricle, pulmonary artery, and commencement of aorta. ‘Auricular, posterior. Fifth branch of external carotid. Back of auricle, scalp, and part of neck. Parotid, muscular, stylo-mastoid, an- terior terminal or auricular, and pos- terior terminal or mastoid. Auricular, right. Right coronary artery. Right auricle, aorta, auricular septum. Axillary. Subclavian. Brachial and seven branches. Superior thoracic, acromio-thoracic, long thoracic, alar thoracic, subscap- #. anterior and posterior circum- eX. Azygos (articular, of external plantar). External plantar. Articulations of tarsus. Azygos (articular, of Internal plantar. Articulations on inner side of foot. Anastomoses with branches of external internal plantar). plantar. Azygos (articular, of Popliteal. Knee. popliteal). Azygos (articular, of Sciatic. Posterior part of capsule of hip-joint. sciatic). Azygos (articular, of Superior profunda). Superior profunda. Elbow-joint, posterior part. Anastomoses with anastomotica mag- na and interosseous recurrent. Azygos (articular, of Suprascapular. The acromio-clavicular and shoulder Suprascapular). joints. Azygos (articular, of Temporal. Temporo-maxillary joint. temporal). Basilar. By confluence of right and left vertebral. Brain. Transverse (or pontile), internal audi- tory, anterior cerebellar, superior cerebellar, two posterior cerebral. Bicipital (or ascend- ing). Anterior circumflex. Long tendon of biceps and shoulder- joint. Brachial. Axillary. Arm and forearm. Superior and inferior profunda, anas- tomotica magna, nutrient, muscular, radial and ulnar. - Brachio-cephalic. See Innominate. Bronchial (inferior). Thoracic aorta. Bronchi and parenchyma of the lungs. Bronchial (superior). Arch of aorta. Bronchi. Buccal. Facial. Muscles of cheek. Anastomoses with buccal branch of internal maxillary, the transverse facial and infraorbital. Buccal. Internal maxillary. Buccinator muscle and mucous mem-Anastomoses with the buccal branch brane of mouth. of the facial, the transverse facial and infraorbital. Buccal. Posterior dental. Buccinator muscle. Of the bulb. First, part of internal|Erectile tissue of ſhe bulb and the cor- * pudic. pus spongiosum. ARTERIES 118 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Calcanean, extern all Peroneal. Over the os calcis and surrounding and internal. soft parts. Calcanean, inferior (of external plantar). External plantar. Over inner surface of os calcis. Anastomoses with internal calcanean of peroneal. Calcanean, middle. Posterior tibial. Os calcis. Callosal. See Calloso-marginal. Calloso-marginal. Anterior cerebral. |Callosal and upper part of marginal convolutions. Capsular (or atrabili- ary). Abdominal aorta. Suprarenal capsule. Capsular. See Perirenzal. -* Cardiac. Gastric. Cardiac end of stomach. Cardiac, right. See Coronary, right (of heart). Carotid, common. Fight side, innominate; 2eft side, arch. External and internal carotid. External and internal carotid. - Carotid, external. Common carotid. Anterior part of neck, face, side of head, integuments and dura mater. Ascending pharyngeal, superior thy- roid, lingual, facial, occipital, pos- terior auricular, temporal, internal maxillary. Carotid, internal. Common carotid. Greater part of brain, the orbit, inter- nal ear, forehead, and nose. Tympanic, vidian, arteria receptaculi, pituitary, gasserian, meningeal, oph- thalmic, posterior communicating, anterior choroid, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral. Carotid, primitive. See Carotid, common. C a rotid, superficial. See Carotid, earter- mal. Carpal. Radial. Branches to lower end of radius, wrist, Enters into formation of anterior car- - and carpal-joints. pal rete. Carpal. Ulnar. Carpus. Enters into formation of the posterior - - carpal rete. Caudate. Middle cerebral. Head of caudate nucleus. Caval. |Right phrenic. Vena cava. Cecal, anterior. Inferior mesenteric. Anterior surface of cecum. Cecal, posterior. Posterior mesenteric. Posterior part of cecum. Celiac. Abdominal aorta. Stomach, duodenum, spleen, pancreas, Gastric, hepatic, splenic. liver and gall-bladder. Central (of retina). Ophthalmic. Retina. Central, of Zinn. See - Central (of retina). Cerebellar, anterior. |Basilar. Anterior inferior surface of cerebellum. Cerebellar, inferior. Vertebral. Vermiform process, and cortex of cere-|Inferior vermiform and the hemi- bellum. - spheral. : Cerebellar, superior. Basilar. Superior vermiform process, and cir-Superior vermiform and hemispheral. cumference of cerebellum. Cerebral, anterior. Internal carotid. Anterior portion of cerebrum. |Anterior communicating, ganglionic (or central), commissural, hemi- spheral (or cortical). Cerebral, inferior. See Cerebral, posterior.] Cerebral, middle. Internal carotid. Middle portion of cerebrum. Ganglionic (ºr central), hemispheral | - (or cortical). Cerebral, posterior. Basilar. tempora-sphenoidal and occipital Ganglionic (or central), and hemi- lobes. spheral (or cortical). Cervical. Uterine. Cervix uteri. ARTERIES 1:19 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.—Com/?wtzed. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Cervical, anterior. See Thyroid, anterior. Cervical, aseending. Inferior thyroid. Deep muscles of neck and spinal eanal. Museular, spinal and phrenic. Cervical, deep. Superior intercostal. Deep muscles of neck and spinal canal. Muscular, anastomotic, vertebral (or spinal). Cervical, descending. Deep cervical. Tissues of neck. Cervical, superficial. Transverse cervical. Trapezius, levator anguli scapulae, splenius muscles and posterior chain of lymphatie glands. Cervical, transverse (transversalis colli). Thyroid axis. Posterior cervical and scapular regions. Posterior, scapular and superficial cervical. Chiasmic. Anterior cerebral. First portion of optic nerve. Choroid, anterior. Internal carotid. Hi pp major and corpus fim- briatum. Choroid, posterior. Posterior cerebral. Velum interpositum and joins the cho- roid plexus. Ciliary, short and long, posterior and an- terior. Ophthalmic. The eye. Circular, of uterus. Uterine. Cervix uteri. Circumflex, anterior (of axillary). Axillary. Pectoralis major, biceps, and shoulder- joint. Bicipital and pectoral. Circumflex, external. Profunda femoris. Muscles of thigh. Ascending, transverse, and descending. Circumflex iliac, deep. External iliac. Uº. part of thigh and lower part of abdomen. Muscular and cutaneous. Circumflex iliac, su- perficial. Common femoral. Iliacus and sartorius muscles, inguinal glands, and skin of thigh. Circumflex, internal. Profunda femoris. Muscles of thigh. Circumflex, posterior Axillary. Deltoid. teres minor, triceps, and shoul-Nutrient, articular, acromial, muscu- (of axillary). der-joint. re Clavicular. Acromio-thoracic. Subclavius muscle. Of the clitoris, cavern- OllS. Internal pudic (in the female). Corpus, cavernosum of clitoris. Of the clitoris, profun- 3. See A., of the clitoris (cavernous) Coccygeal. |Sciatic. Integument over lower part of sacrum and coccyx. - Cochlear. Internal auditory. Cochlea. Colic, left. Inferior mesenteric. Colon, descending. Colic, middle. Superior mesenteric. Transverse colon. Colic, right. |Superior mesenteric. Colon, ascending. Colic, transverse. Colic, middle. Transverse colon. Comes nervi phrenici. See Phrenic, superior Commissural. Anterior cerebral. Callosum. Communicating. Dorsalis pedis. Enters into formation of plantar arch. Tºº plantar digital, or princeps hallucis. Communicating. Occipital. Muscles of posterior part of neck. Anastomoses with branches of the vertebral. Communicating (or Join proximal ends of metacarpal and Deep palmar arch. perforating). second and third dorsal interosseous arteries. Communicating. Peroneal. Anastomoses with communicating branch of posterior tibial. . Communicating. Anastomoses with communicating of Posterior tibial. peroneal. ARTERIES 120 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Corzūnzed. . NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Communicating, ante- TIOT. Anterior cerebral. Assists in formation of anterior boun- dary of circle of Willis; sends bran- ches to caudate nucleus. Communicating, pos- terior. Posterior carotid. Enters into formation of circle of Wil lis; uncinate convolution and optic thalamus. Uncinate, middle thalamic. Coronary. See Gas- tric. Coronary, inferior. Facial. Lower lip. Coronary, left. Left anterior sinus of Valsalva. Heart. Left auricular, anterior interventricu- lar, left marginal, terminal. ++ - Coronary, right. Right anterior sinus of Valsalva. Heart. Right auricular, preventricular, right marginal, posterior interventricular, transverse, Coronary, right, of stomach. See Py- Ioric. Coronary, superior. Facial. Upper lip. Arteria septum narium. Of the corpus caverno- Sll Iſl. Dorsal artery of the penis. Corpus cavernosum. Costo-cervical. That part of superior intercostal between its origin and first branch. Cremasteric. Deep epigastric. Cremaster muscle. Cremasteric. Spermatic. Cremaster muscle. |Anastomoses with cremasteric from deep epigastric. Cremasteric. See Sper- matic, external. Crico-thyroid. See Laryngeal, inferior Crural, see Femoral. Cubital, see Ulnar. Cubital recurrent, an- terior. See Ulnar recurrent, anterio”. Cubital recurrent, pos- terior. See Ulnar recurrent, posterior. Cystic. Hepatic. Gall-bladder. Deferential. Superior vesical. Vas deferens. Dental, anterior. Infraorbital. Incisor and canine teeth, and mucous membrane of antrum. Dental, inferior. See Mandibular. Dental, posterior (or alveolar). Internal maxillary. Antrum, teeth, gums, and cheek. Antral, dental, alveolar, buccal. Dental, superior. Posterior dental. Molar and bicuspid teeth of superior maxilla. Descending. External circumflex. |Muscles of thigh. Pºnding, Superfi-|External carotid. Neck. Cl2 i. Diaphragmatic. Thoracic aorta. Diaphragm. Digital. External plantar. Outer side of the 2d and 3d, 4th and 5th toes. Digital, palmar. Superficial palmar arch. Both sides of little, rin dle finger and ulnar s finger. and mid- of index fle Digital, plantar. See ommunicating, of dorsalis pedis. ARTERIES 121 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. Distribution. BRANCHES. Internal plantar. Toes. Digital, superficial. Diploic. |Supraorbital. Diploë of frontal sinuses. Dorsal. Intercostal. Spine and muscles of throat. Spinal and muscular. Dorsal. - Lumbar. Muscles of back. Dorsal, interosseous. |Radial. Contiguous of 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th toes. Dorsal (of penis). Termination of pudic. Penis. Dorsal (scapular). Subscapular. Muscles of scapula and shoulder-joint. Infrascapular. Dorsal of tongue. Dorsum of tongue, tonsils, and epi- …ºf Lingual. glottis. Dorsal (12th). See Subcostal. Dorsalis hallucis. Continuation of Salis pedis. dor- Great and second toe. Dorsalis indicis. Radial. Index finger. Dorsalis linguae. Lingual. Mucous membrane of tongue, pillars of fauces and tonsils. Dorsalis pedis. Continuation of ante- rior tibial. Assists to form plantar arch. Tarsal, metatarsal, dorsalis hallucis, communicating. Dorsalis pollicis. Radial. Thumb. Dorso-scapular. See Scapular, superior. Duodenal, superior, right. See Pancrea- tico-duodenal, supe- 7~107°. Duodeno-gastric. See Gastro-duodenal. Dural. See Meningeal. Emulgent. See Acertal. Epicondyloid. See 720.7°. Epididymal. Spermatic. Epididymis. Epigastric, deep (or inferior). External iliac. Abdominal wall. Cremasteric, pubic, muscular, cuta- neous, terminal. Epigastric, superficial. Common femoral. Inguinal glands, skin, superficial fascia, and abdominal wall. Epigastric, superior. Internal mammary. Abdominal wall and diaphragm, liver and peritoneum. Phrenic, xiphoid, cutaneous, muscular, hepatic and peritoneal. Epiploic. Right and left gastro-Omentum. epiploic. Epiploic, SeeOmental. Esophageal. Gastric. Esophagus. Esophageal. Inferior thyroid. Esophagus. Esophageal. - Left phrenic. Esophagus. Esophageal (4 or 5). Thoracic aorta. Esophagus. Esophageal, inferior, Coronary (of stomach). Esophagus. Ethmoidal, anterior. Ophthalmic. Part of anterior portion of brain, nose, Ethmoidal, meningeal, nasal, frontal, frontal sinuses and skin of face. Cutalleous. Ethmoidal, posterior. Ophthalmic. Posterior ethmoidal cells, dura mater, Ethmoidal, meningeal, nasal. In OSes Eustachian. Pterygo-palatine. Eustachian tube. Facial. Third branch external|Pharynx and face. Ascending, or inferior palatine, tonsil- carotid. & lar, glandular, muscular, submental, masseteric, buccal, inferior labial, inferior and superior coronary, lat- eralis nasi, angular. ARTERIES 122 ARTERIES. TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. origin. Distribution. . . * —r- Facial, transverse. Temporal. Pººl, gland, masseter muscle, skinſ Fallopian. Ovarian. Imus, am ma and finbriated ex- tremity of fallopian tube. Femoral, common, Continuation of exter- nal iliac. Lower part of abdominal wall, upper part of thigh and genitalia. Superficial epigastric, superficial cir- cumflex, iliac, superficial external #. deep external pudic, pro- tl Il Cla. Femoral, deep. See Aemoral, profunda. Femoral, profunda. Common femoral. Muscles of thigh. External circumflex, internal circum- flex and three perforating. Femoral, superficial. Continuation of com- mon femoral. Muscles of thigh and knee-joint. Muscular, magna. Saphenous, anastomotica Fibular, superior. Anterior or posterior tibial or popliteal. Soleus and peroneus tertius and integument. mºcles Of the frenum linguae. Sublingual. Frenum of tongue. Frontal, anterior. Anterior cerebral. Inferior frontal convolutions. Frontal, ascending. Middle cerebral. Lower part of ascending frontal con- volution. Frontal, internal. Anterior cerebral. Inferior frontal convolutions. Frontal, middle. See Medifrontal. Funicular. Superior vesical. Round ligament. \ Gasserian. Internal carotid. Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian. Middle meningeal. Gasserian ganglion, and Meckel's Space. Gastric (or coronary). Celiac axis. Stomach, liver, and esophagus. Esophageal, cardiac, gastric, and hepa- tie. - Gastric, right; . . See G as t ro-e p if lot c, right. Gastro-duodenal. cº Hepatic. Stomach and duodenum. Right gastro-epiploic and superior pan- creatico-duodenal. Gastro-epiploic, left. Splenic. |stomach and omentum. Gastro-epiploic, right. Gastro-duodenal. Stomach and omentum. Gastro-hepatic. See Coronary, of stom-| ach. Geniculate. Posterior cerebral. Geniculate convolution. Genital. See Pudic, internal. Gingival. See Alveo- Alar. Glandular. |Facial. Submaxillary gland. Glaser i a n (or tym- panic). Internal maxillary. laxator tympani muscle. Lining membrane of tympanum and Gluteal. Internal iliac, posterior division. Pelvic and glutei muscles, etc. |Muscular, superficial and deep. Gluteal, deep. Gluteal. Deep muscles of posterior gluteal] - region. . Gluteal, inferior. Sciatic. Gluteus maximus. Gluteal, superficial. Gluteal. Gluteus maximus and integument over SaCI"Ul II] . Gluteal, superior. Deep gluteal. Muscles adjacent. Gustatory (or lingual). Inferior dental. Lingual nerve. Guttural, superior. See Thyroid, supe- rior. ARTERIES 123 ARTERIES - TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continezed. NAME, ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Gutturo-maxillary. See Maxillary, internal. Helicine. The arteries found in cavernous tissue, as in the uterus, ovary, etc. Hemispheral. - - Inferior cerebellar. Cortex of cerebellum. Hemispheral. Superior cerebellar. Cortex of cerebellum. Hemorrhoidal, inferior Pudic. | |Sphincter muscle, levator ani. (or external). Hemorrhoidal, inter- nal. See Hemorrhoi- dal, superior. Hemorrhoidal, middle (rectal, middle). Internal iliac, anterior division. Middle part of rectum. Upper part of rectum. Hemorrhoidal, supe-Inferior mesenteric.- rior. Hepatic. Celiac axis. Liver, pancreas, part of duodenum, Pancreatic, sub-pyloric, gastro-duode- and stomach. nal, right and left terminal. Hepatic. |Gastric. Left lobe of liver. Hepatic. Right phrenic. Liver. Hepatic. Superior epigastric. Liver. Hepatic, right. -- - - - Hepatic. - - - - - Liver substance. Cystic. Humeral. See Brach- “, tal. Humeral, thoracic. Acromio-thoracic. Pectoralis major, deltoid and adjacent Anastomeses with anterior and pos- integuments. terior circumflex. Humeral, transverse. See Suprascapular. Hyaloid. Central ar- tery of retina. Crystalline lens. Hyoid. See Infra-hy- oid and Supra-hyoid. Hypogastric. Continuation of ante- rior branch of inter- nal iliac. Vesical branches, impervious, in the adult. Ileo-colic. Superior mesenterie. Ceeum and adjacent bowel. Iliac. Plio-lumbar. Iliac fossa and ilium. Iliac. Obturator. Ilium. Iliac, circumflex deep. See Circumflear iliac, deep. Iliae, cireumflex, su- perficial. See Circumfear titae, superficial. Iliac, common. Terminal branch of ab- dominal aorta. Peritoneum, subperitoneal fat, ureter, and terminates in external and inter- nal iliac. Peritoneal, subperitoneal, ureteric, ex- ternal and internal iliac. Iliac, external. Common iliac. Lower limb. Deep epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, museular, and continues as femoral. Iliac, external, small. See Circumſter iliae, earternal. Iliac, internal. Common iliae. Pelvie and generative organs, and inner side of thigh. Anterior and posterior trunk. Iliae, internal, anterior trunk. Internal iliae. Pelvic and generative organs and thigh. Hypogastric, superior middle and vesi- cal; middle hemorrhoidal, uterine, vaginal, obturator, sciatic, internal pudic. . Iliac, internal, poste- rior trunk. Internal iliac. Muscles of hip-and sacrum. Ilio-lumbar, lateral sacral and gluteal. ARTERIES 124 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.—Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Iliac, primary. See N Iliac, common. Iliac, primitive. See Iliac, common. Ilio-lumbar. Internal iliac, posterior trunk. - Muscles of pelvis and pelvic bones. Iliac and lumbar. Incisive. Mandibular. Incisor teeth. Infracostal, labial. Internal mammary. Ribs. Infrahyoid. Superior thyroid. Inºhyoid bursa and thyro-hyoid mus- Cle, Infraorbital. Internal maxillary. Upper lip, lower eye-lid, lachrymal sac, Orbital, anterior dental, nasal. side of nose. - Infrascapular. Dorsal scapular. Subscapularis, scapula, and shoulder- joint. Infraspinous. Posterior scapular. Infraspinous fossa. Infraspinous. Suprascapular. Infraspinous fossa. Innominate. Arch of aorta. Right side of head and right arm. Right common carotid, right subcla- vian, occasionally thyroidea ima. Intercostal, anterior. Internal mammary. Intercostal muscles, ribs (upper 5 or 6), and pectoralis major. Intercostal, anterior. Musculo-phrenic. Lower 5 or 6 intercostal spaces. Intercostal, aortic. Io pairs. Thoracic aorta. Lower intercostal spaces. Dorsal, intercostal collateral, pleural, muscular, lateral cutaneous, mam- mary glandular. Intercostal, first. Superior intercostal. First intercostal space. Intercostal, superior. Subclavian. Neck and upper part of thorax. Deep cervical, first intercostal, arte- ria aberrans. Interlobular (of kid- ney). Renal. Malpighian bodies and uriniferous tubules. Interosseous, anterior. Interosseous (common). Muscles of forearm. Interosseous, common. Ulnar. Interosseous membrane and deep mus- cles of the forearm. Anterior and posterior interosseous. Interosseous, dors a l (3). Metatarsal. Contiguous sides of 2d and 3d, and 4th and 5th toes. Interosseous, dorsal. Posterior radial carpal. Dorsal aspect of fingers. mºneous *palmar 3). Deep palmar arch. Interosseous muscles, bones, and 2d, 3d, and 4th lumbricales. Interosseous, plantar. Plantar arch. Toes. Interosseous, posterior (forearm). Common interosseous. Muscles, back of forearm. Posterior interosseous recurrent. Interosseous, posteri- or, recurrent. See Radial recurrent, posterior. Interosseous, re cur- rent. Interosseous, posterior. Elbow-joint. Interpeduncular. Posterior cerebral. Posterior perforated space and lower part of peduncles. Interventricular, ante- I 101. Left coronary. Both ventricles and interventricular septum. Interventricular, pos- terior. Right coronary. f Both ventricles and interventricular septum. Intestinal (vasa intes- tini tenuis), 12 to 16. Superior mesenteric. Mesentery. Ischiadic. See Gluteal, inferior. Labial, inferior. Facial. Muscles and integuments of lower lip, • ARTERIES 125 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Labial, superior. |See Coronary, superior. Lachrymal (or orbital). Middle meningeal. Orbit. Lachrymal. Nasal. Lachrymal sac. Lachrymal. Ophthalmic. Lachrymal gland, muscles of eye and Recurrent lachrymal, muscular, palpe- jºk, and upper and lower eye- bral, malar, ciliary. 1C1S. Lachrymal, recurrent. Lachrymal. Lachrymal sac. Laryngeal, inferior. Inferior thyroid. Larynx. Laryngeal, inferior (or crico-thyroid). Superior thyroid. Crico-thyroid membrane and larynx. Laryngeal, internal. See Laryngeal, su- perior. Laryngeal, superior. Superior thyroid. Intrinsic muscles and mucous mem- brane of larynx. Middle cerebral. Lenticular. Lenticular nucleus. Lenticulo-optic. . Middle cerebral. Posterior part internal capsule and an- * , terior part of optic thalamus. Lenticulo-striate. Middle cerebral. Lenticular and caudate nuclei. Lenticulo-thalamic. Posterior cerebral. Posterior extremity of lenticular nu- cleus and the thalamus. Ovarian. Ligamentous. Round ligament. Lingual. See Gusta- tory. Lingual. External carotid. Tongue. Hyoid, dorsalis linguae, sublingual, - ranine. Lingual. Mandibular. Lingual nerve. Lumbar (4 pairs). Abdominal aorta. Bodies and ligaments of vertebrae, lum- bar muscles, and capsules of kid- neys. Vertebral, muscular, dorsal, renal. Lumbar. Ilio-lumbar. Psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum, and spinal canal. Malar. Lachrymal. Temporal fossa. Malleolar, external. Anterior tibial. External portion of ankle. Malleolar, internal. Anterior tibial. Internal portion of ankle. Malleolar, internal. Posterior tibial. Internal malleolus. Mammary, external. See Thoracic, long. Mammary glandular, Dorsal branch of aortic intercostal. Mammary gland. Mammary, internal. Subclavian. Structures of thorax. Superior phrenic, mediastinal (or thy- mic), pericardiac, sternal, anterior intercostals, perforating, lateral in- fracostal, superior epigastric, inter- nal mammary. Mandibular. Internal maxillary. Teeth of lower jaw. Incisive and mental. Marginal. Left coronary. Walls of ventricle. Marginal. Right coronary. Right ventricle. Margino-frontal. Anterior cerebral. Marginal and frontal convolutions. Masseteric. Facial. Masseter. Masseteric. Internal maxillary. Masseter. Masseteric. Temporal. Masseter. . Mastoid. Occipital. Dura, diploë, walls of lateral sinus, i ºf cells. ARTERIES 126 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Copezºnezeed. NAME. ORIGIN. 'DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. * Mastoid. Posterior auricular. o; l º - frontalis muscle (posterior Mastoid. Stylo-mastoid. |Mastoid cells and mastoid antrum. Mastoid, middle. See Stezºno-mastoid. Maxillary, external. See Facial. Maxillary, inferior. See Dental, inferior. Maxillary, in tern a l (maxillary group). External carotid. ' |Structures indicated by names of branches. Beep auricular, tympanic, middle meningeal, mandibular, small men- ingeal. Maxillary, in tern a l (pterygoid group). External carotid. Masseteric, posterior deep temporal, internal and external pterygoid, buc- cal, anterior deep temporal, Maxillary, in tern a 1 (sp he no-maxillary group). External carotid. Structures indicated by names of branches. Structures indicated by names of branches. - |Posterior dental (or alveolar), infraor- ºbital, posterior (or descending) pala- tine, vidian, pterygo-palatine, nasal, or spheno-palatine. Meatal. Stylo-mastoid. |External auditory meatus. Median (arteria comes nervi mediani). Anterior interosseous. Median nerve and superficial palmar arch. Median anterior (of spinal cord). Formed by union of the anterior spinal arte- FleS. Spinal cord. Mediastinal, anterior (or thymic). Internal mammary. Mediastinal, posterior (several). Connective tissue, fat and lymphatics, in superior and anterior mediastina, thymus gland. Thoracic aorta. diastinum. Glands and loose areolar tissue in me- Medicerebellar. Cerebellar, anterior, in-Middle cerebellar crus. ferior. . Medicerebral. See Cerebral, middle, Medichoroid. See Choroid, posterior. Medid ural. See Me- ningeal, middle. Medifrontal. Anterior cerebral. Callosal convolution and paracentral dobule. Medioptic (or median Posterior cerebral. Crus cerebri and optic lobes. quadrigeminal). Medullary. Peroneal. Fibula. - - - Medullary. Posterior tibial. Tibia. Ascending and descending. Medullary. Renal. Malpighian pyramids. Meningeal. Ascending pharyngeal. Membranes of brain. Meningeal. Posterior ethmoidal. Dura mater. Meningeal, anterior. Internal carotid. |Dura mater. Meningeal, , inferior. See Meningeal (of ascending pharyn- geal). Meningeal, middle or great. Internal maxillary. Cranium and dura mater. Anterior and posterior. Meningeal, posterior. Occipital. Dura mater. Meningeal, posterior. Vertebral. Dura mater. Meningeal, small. Internal maxillary. Gasserian ganglion, walls of cavernous sinus and dura mater. º ARTERIES 127 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. Name, ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Mental. Facial. "Muscles of chin and lower lip. * Mental. - Mandibular. - Muscles of chin and under lip. |Lingual and mylo-hyoidean. Mesenteric accedens, praecipua. See Mes- enteric, superior. * Mesenteric, inferior. Abdominal aorta. |Lower half of large intestine. Left colic, sigmoid, superior hemor- rhoidal- Mesenteric, middle. Common iliac (occa- isional branch). Transverse and descending-colon. Mesenteric, superior. Abdominal aorta. Whole of small intestine and upper half of large. Inferior pancreatico-duodenal, middle right and ilio-colic, vasa intestina tenuis. Meso-lobar. See Cere- bral, anterior. - Metacarpal (Ist dorsal |Sides of fingers on dorsal aspect. Radial. interosseous). Metatarsal. |Dorsalis pedis. Toes. Third dorsal interosseous. Middle (of , corpora|Posterior cerebral. Space between the corpora quadri- quadrigemina). . gemina. Muscular, deep. See Femoral, deep. Musculo-phrenic. |Internal mammary. Diaphragm, fifth or sixth lower inter- costal spaces, oblique muscles of ab- domen. Phrenic, anterior intercostals, muscu- lar. - Mylo-hyoidean. Mental. Myſło-hyoid muscle. TNasūl. lifrtfraorbital. ‘Nose. Nasal. |Ophthalmic. Lachrymal sac and integuments of Lachrymal, and transverse nasal. il OSé's - Nasal. ‘Spheno-palatine. Turbinated bones, lateral walls of nose, ethnoidal and frontal sinuses and lining membrane of antrum. Nasal, anterior. |Anterior ethmoidal. Nese. Nasal, lateral. Facial. Integuments, muscles and cartilage of - 13 O'S&. Nasal, middle. See AVasal,...anterior. Nasal, transverse. |Nasal. Naso- palatine. See Sphemo-palatine. Integuments of nose. Navel. See Umbilical. Neubauer's. ' See Thyroid, deep. Nutrient. Brachial. Humerus. Nutrient. Interosseous, anterior. Radius. Nutrierit. Interosseous, anterior. Ulna. Nutrient. Middle perfor a tin-g|Femur. branch of profunda femoris. Nutrient. Obturator. | |Ilium. Nutrient (of peroneal). See Medullary. Nutrient, Posterior tibial. Tibia. Nutrient. Suprascapular. |clavicle. Obturator. Anterior division, inter- nal iliac. Pelvis and thigh. Iliac (or nutrient), vesical, pubic, ex- ternal and internal pelvic. Obturator, external. Obturator. Muscles about obturator foramen. ARTERIES 128 . ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. - NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. . BRANches. Obturator, internal. Obturator. Muscles about obturator foramen. Occipital. Fourth branch of ex- ternal carotid. Muscles of neck, and scalp. Sterno-mastoid, posterior meningeal, auricular, mastoid, princeps cervi- cis, communicating, muscular, ter- minal. * . - Occipito-meningeal. Vertebral. Dura mater. Omental (or epiploic). Hepatic. Omentum. Omphalo-mesenteric. Primitive aorta. Subsequently becomes the umbilical. Ophthalmic. Internal carotid. Th: eye, adjacent structures, portion of a Cé. . - Lachrymal, supraorbital, central ar- " tery of retina, muscular, ciliary, pos- terior and anterior ethmoidal, pal- pebral, frontal, nasal. Optic, internal and an- terior. Posterior communicat- 111g. Optic thalamus, Optic, posterior, inter- nal. Posterior communicat- ing or posterior cer- ebral. Optic thalamus. Orbital. mzal. See Lachry- Orbital (three or four). Anterior cerebral. First frontal convolution and olfactory bulb Orbital. Infraorbital. Fat of orbit; inferior rectus and in- ſerior oblique muscles. - - Orbital. T emporal. Orbicularis palpebrarum and orbit. Orbito-frontal. Middle cerebral. Inferior frontal convolutions. Ovarian. Abdominal aorta. Ovary, ureter, fallopian tube, uterus. Ureteral, fallopian, uterine, ligament- - OUIS, - Palatine. Ascending pharyngeal. Soft palate and its muscles. Palatine, , ascending|First branch of facial. Upper, part of pharynx, palate and Palatine, tonsillar. (or inferior). tonsils. Palatine, descending. Internal maxillary. |To soft and hard palate. Anterior and posterior. Palatine, inferior. See Palatine, ascending. Palatine, posterior or descending. Internal maxillary. Hard palate. Anterior and posterior. Palatine, superior. See Palatine descending. Palato-maxillary. See Palatine, descend- ing. Palmar, digital. See Digital, palmar. Palmar, interosseous. See Interosseous, palmar. Palmar arch, deep. Radial and communi- cating of ulna. Palm and fingers. Princeps pollicis, radialis indicis, pal- mar interosseous (3), recurrent car- pal, posterior perforating. Palmar arch, superfi- cial. Ulnar and superficialis VOI20 e Palm and fingers. Digital (4), muscular, cutaneous. Palpebral. Lachyrma. Eye-lids and conjunctivae. Palpebral. Supraorbital. Upper eye-lid. Palpebral, external. Ophthalmic. Eye-lid. - . Palpebral, inferior. Ophthalmic. Conjunctiva, lachrymal sac, caruncle and lower lid. Palpebral, superior. Ophthalmic. Upper eye-lid. Pancreatic. Hepatic. Pancreas. Pancreatic. Splenic. Pancreas. • ARTERIES 129 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAM E. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Pancreatico-duodenal, inferior. Pancreatico-duodenal, Superior. Superior mesenteric. Gastro-duodenal. Pancreas and duodenum. Duodenum and pancreas. Parietal. Parietal, anterior. Middle cerebral. Middle cerebral. In ſerior and ascending parietal convo- lutions. Second frontal convolution. Parietal, ascending. Middle cerebral. Ascending parietal convolution and superior parietal lobule. Parieto-sphenoidal. Middle cerebral. Inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, cortex of sphenoidal lobe. Parieto-temporal. Middle cerebral. Convolutions around posterior limb of fissure of Sylvius. Parotid, Posterior auricular. Parotid gland. Parotid. Temporal. Parotid gland. Parvid ural. See Me- ning-cal, small. Pectoral. Acromio-thoracic. Pectoral muscles and mammary gland. Pectoral. Anterior circumflex. Pectoralis major. Pedal. See Dorsal of Joot. Peduncular, anterior. Posterior cerebral. Internal surface of peduncle. Peduncular, external. - Peduncular, internal. Oſ the penis, perforat- ing. See A., of the corpus cavermosum. Posterior, communicat- 111g. Posterior cerebral. Peduncles of the cerebellum. Internal surface of peduncle. Perforans st a ped is (branch of internal carotid or stylo-mas- toid). Tympanum. No branches. Perforating (or poste- rior, communicat- ing), (3). Deep palmar arch. InterOsseous Spaces. Perſonating. Middle meningeal. Sphenoid. Perforating. Profunda femoris. Hamstring muscles. Perſonating. Spheno-palatine. Ethmoidal cells. Anastomoses with ethmoidal arteries. Perſorating. submental. Mylo-hyoid. Perforating, anterior Internal mammary. Pectoralis major and integument, and (5 or 6). mammary gland. Perforating, posterior. External plantar. Dorsal interosseous muscles. Perican diac. Internal mammary. Anterior surface of pericardium. Pericardiac. Right and left phrenic. Thoracic aorta. Pericardium. Pericandium. Peric eph a lic. See Carotid, external. Perineal, superficial. Perineal, transverse. Pudic. Perineal, superficial. Muscles of perineum and integuments of scrotum. Muscles and integuments of perineum. Transverse perineal. Perirenal (or capsular). Renal. Capsule of kidney and perirenal fat. Peritoneal. Iliac, common. Peritoneum. Peritoneal. Superior epigastric. Peritoneum, Q ARTERIES 130 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.—Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Peroneal. Posterior tibial. Muscles and integument of leg and Anterior peroneal, muscular, medul- foot. lary, communicating, cutaneous, ex- ternal calcaneum, terminal (or pos- terior peroneal). Peroneal, anterior. Peroneal. Peroneus tertius and inferior tibio-fibu- lar joint. Peroneal, posterior. Peroneal. External malleolus and heel. Petrosal. Middle meningeal. Tympanum. Pharyngeal. Pterygo-palatine. Roof of pharynx. Pharyngeal. Spheno-palatine. *::: and contiguous portions of pha- Pharyngeal. Vidian. Roof of pharynx. Pharyngeal, ascend-|First branch external Pharynx, soft palate, tympanum, pos-|Prevertebral, pharyngeal, palatine, 1ng. carotid. terior part of neck, and membranes tympanic, meningéal. * , - of brain. f A g Pharyngeal, descend- ing. Spheno-palatine. Roof of mouth and of pharynx. Pharyngeal, inferior. See Pharyngeal, as- cending. Pharyngeal, superior. See Pterygo-pala- time. Phrenic. |Ascending cervical. Phrenic nerve. Phrenic. Musculo-phrenic. Diaphragm. Phrenic. Superior epigastric. Diaphragm. Phrenic, inferior, left. Aorta, abdominal. Diaphragm and structures indicated by names of branches. Esophageal, left superior suprarenal, splenic, pericardiac, terminal. Phrenic, in fer i or right. Aorta, abdominal. Diaphragm and structures indicated by names of branches. Right superior suprarenal, caval, hepatic, pericardiac, and terminal. Phrenic, superior , (or comes nervi phre- nici). Internal mammary. Pleura, pericardium and diaphragm. Pituitary. Internal carotid. Pituitary body. Plantar arch. External plantar art- ery. Anterior part of ſoot and toes. Articular and plantar digital. Plantar, deep. Metatarsal. Assists in formation of plantar arch. Plantar, digital (4). Plantar arch. Third, fourth, and fifth toes, and outer side of second. Plantar, external. External, tibial. Sole and toes. Muscular, calcaneal, cutaneous, anas- tomotic, posterior perforating, plan- tar arch. Plantar, internal. Posterior tibial. Inner side of foot. Muscular, cutaneous, articular, anas- tomotic, superficial digital. Plantar, interosseous. e e Interosseous, plantar. Plantar, metatarsal. See Interosseous, planta?". Plantar, pollicar. Anterior tibial, or ex-|Great toe. ternal plantar. Pleural. Intercostal. Pleura. Pontal. Basilar. Pons. Popliteal. Continuation of femo- |Knee and leg. Cutaneous, muscular (superior and in- ferior) or sural, articular, superior and inferior external, superior and inſerior internal and azygos, ter- minal (anterior and posterior tibial). ARTERIES Cerebral, posterior. 131 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Post-cerebellar. . See Cerebellar, posterior. Post-cerebral. See Post, choroid. See Cho- roid Posterior. Post-communicant. See Communicating, posterior. Post-dural. * ingeal, posterior. See Men- - Postero-lateral. Posterior cerebral. Hind part of optic thalamus, crus and optic lobes. Postero-median. Posterior central. Inner part of thalamus, neighboring wall of third ventricle. Post-frontal. Anterior meningeal. Precuneus and part of occipital fis- SUIre. Post-temporal. Posterior cerebral. Basal surface of occipital lobe. Post-thalamic. Thalamus. Precerebellar. . See Cerebellar, superior. Posterior cerebral. Precerebral. See Cere- bral, anterior. Prechoroid. See Cho- roid, anterior. Precommunicant . See Communicating, an- terzozº. Predural. See Mening- eal, anterior. Prefrontal. Anterior cerebral. Mesal and convex surfaces of super- frontal and part of medi-frontal con- volutions. Preoptic (or anterior Posterior cerebral. Optic lobe. quadrigeminal). Preperforant. Anterior cerebral. Caudate nucleus. Pretemporal. Posterior cerebral. Unºte and basal surface of temporal ODe. Prethalamic. Posterior communicat- Thalamus. 1ng. Preventricular (2) Right and left coron- aries. waifs of ventricle, heart. Primitive, See Aorta, primitive. Princeps cervicis. Occipital. Muscles of neck. Superficial and deep. Princeps hallucis. Communicatin (of First and second toes. dorsalis jià. Princeps pollicis. Radial. \, Thumb. Profunda, (or deep Femoral. Thigh. External and internal circumflex, three femoral). perforating. Profunda, inferior. Brachial. Triceps, elbow-joint. Profunda, Superior. Brachial. Humerus, muscles and skin of arm. Ascending, cutaneous, artieular, nutri- ent, muscular. Pterygoid, external. Tº T-------— Internal maxillary. External pterygoid muscle. Pterygoid, internal. Internal maxillary. Internal pterygoid muscle. Pterygo-palatine (or Pterygo-pharyngeal) T--—- Internal maxillary. Pharynx, Eustachian tubes and sphe- noidal cells. Pharyngeal, Eustachian, sphenoidal. ARTERIES 132 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Piggo - pharyngeal. ee Pterygo-pala- time. Pubic. Epigastric, deep. Pubic region. Pubic. Obturator. Pubic region. Pudic, accessory. Inferior vesical. When large, supplies the parts nor- mally supplied by the internal pudic, proState. Pudic, external, deep, (or inferior). Femoral, common. Skin of scrotum (or labia in female). Pudic, external, super- ficial (or superior). Common, femoral. Integument above pubes and external genitalia. Pudic, internal. Iliac, anterior division of internal branch. Generative organs. External (or inferior) hemorrhoidal, superficial ies of bu penis. ferº, muscular, arter- y Crus, and dorsal of f Pulmonary. Right ventricle. Lungs. Right and left. Pyloric, inferior. Gastro-du o de n a 1 or right gastro-epiploic. Pyloric end of stomach. Pyloric, superior. Hepatic. Pyloric end of stomach. Quadrate. Anterior cerebral. Quadrate convolution of brain. Quadrigeminal, ante- rior. See Preoptic. Quadrigeminal, m e- dian. See Medioptic. Radial. Brachial. Forearm, wrist, hand. Radial recurrent, muscular, anterior and posterior radial carpal, super- ficial volar, metacarpal, dorsalis pollicis, dorsalis indicis, deep pal- mar arch. Radial carpal, anterior Radial. Wrist and carpal joints. and posterior. Radial, profunda. Superior profunda of 2LT III. Back of elbow. Radial recurrent, an-Radial. Elbow-joint and muscles of forearm. * terior. Radial recurrent, pos-Posterior interosseous Elbow. terior. (forearm). Radialis indicis. Radial. Index finger. Radio- carpal, palmar transverse. See Radial carpal, an- terior. Radio-palmar. See Volar, superficial. Ranine. Lingual. Tongue and mucous membrane of mouth. Rectal. Lateral sacral. Rectum. Rectal. Middle sacral. Rectum. Rectal, middle. See A/emorrhoidal, mid- dle. Recurrent. Deep palmar arch. Carpal joints. Recurrent, posterior|Posterior interosseous. |Elbow. interosseous. Recurrent, radial. See Acadial, recurrent. Recurrent, , tibial, an- terior and posterior. Anterior tibial. Popliteus and ligaments of knee. Recurrent, ulnar, an- Ulna. terior and posterior. Elbow-joint and contiguous structures. ARTERIES ARTERIES 133 TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. Distribution. BRANCHES. Renal. Abdominal aorta. Kidney. Inferior suprarenal, capsular (or peri- - renal), ureteral. Rh a chidian. See Spinal. Sacra media. See Sacral, middle. Sacral, lateral (1 or 2). Internal iliac, posterior division. Structures about sacrum. Spinal, rectal, muscular. Sacral, middle. Continuation of aorta. Sacrum and coccyx. Saphenous (occasional branch of common femoral). Accompanies saphen- ous vein. Saphenous, small. Popliteal (occasional). External malleolus. Scapular, dorsal. Muscles of infraspinous fossa. Infrascapular. Scapular, external. See Acromtal. Subscapular. Scapular, inferior. See Subscapular. Scapular, internal. See Subscapular. Scapular, posterior. Continuation of trans- verse cervical. Y- Muscles of scapular region. Supra-spinous and infra-spinous, sub- scapular, muscular. Scapular, superficial. See Suprascapular. Scapular, superior. See Suprascapular. Scapular, transverse. See Suprascapular. Scapulo-humeral. See Circumflex, posterior Sciatic. Internal iliac, anterior division. Pelvic muscles and viscera, and branches. Coccygeal, inferior gluteal, muscular, anastomotic, articular, cutaneous, comes nervi ischiadici, vesical, rec- tal, prostatic, etc. Scrotal, anterior. Inferior external pudic. Anterior portion of scrotum. Scrotal, posterior. Internal pudic. Posterior part of scrotum. Septal, ascending. Spheno-palatine. Upper part of mucous membrane of nasal septum. Sigmoid. Inferior mesenteric. Sigmoid flexure. Spermatic. Abdominal aorta. Scrotum and testis. Ureteral, cremasteric, epididymal, tes- ticular. Spermatic, external. Deep epigastric. Cremaster muscle, and spermatic cord. Sphenoidal. Middle cerebral. Sphenoidal lobe, lower part of cortex. Sphenoidal. Pterygo-palatine, Sphenoidal cells. Sphenoidal. Spheno-palatine. Sphenoidal cells. Spheno - palatine (or naso-palatine). Internal maxillary. Pharynx, nose, and sphenoidal cells. Pharyngeal, sphenoidal, nasal, ascend- ing septal. Spheno-spinous. . . See Meningeal, middle. Spinal. Ascending cervical. Spinal canal. Spinal. Intercostals. Spinal canal and spine. Spinal. Lateral sacral. Spinal membranes and muscles and skin over sacrum. Spinal, anterior. Vertebral. Spinal cord. Spinal, lateral. Vertebral. Vertebrae and spinal canal. ARTERIES 134 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. - NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Spinal, posterior. . Vertebral. Spine. Splenic. Celiac axis. Spleen, pancreas, part of stomach, Small and large pancreatic, left gastro- Omentum. epiploic, vasa brevia, terminal. Splenic. Left phrenic. Spleen. Splenico-pancreatic. Splenic. Spleen. Stapedic. Stylo-mastoid. Stapedius muscle. Staphylini. See Palatine, posterior. Sternal. Internal mammary. Sternum and triangularis sterni. Sterno-mastoid. Occipital. Sterno-mastoid muscle. Sterno - mastoid , (or middle mastoid). Superior thyroid. Sterno-mastoid, and other muscles of neck. Sterno - mastoid, infe- TIOI. Suprascapular. Sterno-mastoid muscle. Stylo-mastoid. Posterior auricular. Mastoid cells, tympanic cavity, etc. Meatal, mastoid, stapedic, tympanic, vestibular, terminal. Subcerebellar. Basilar. Inferior and anterior portion of cere- bellum. Subclavian. Right, in no m in a te.|Neck, thorax, arms, brain, meninges, Vertebral, thyroid axis, internal mam- Left, arch of aorta. etc. mary, superior intercostal. Subclavian. Suprascapular. Subclavius muscle. Subclavian, right. A term so me times given to the inno- minate. Subcostal (or 12th dor- sal). Thoracic aorta. Intercostal space. Subdural. See Menin- geal (of ascending pharyngeal). Subfrontal. Anterior cerebral. Olfactory groove. Sublingual. Lingual. Sublingual gland, side of tongue, and Artery of frenum. floor of mouth. - Submaxillary. See Glandular. Submental. Facial. Tissues under jaw. Muscular, perforating, cutaneous, mental. Suborbital. See Infra- orbital. Subsacral. See Sacral, Materal. *. Subscapular. |Axillary. Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus Dorsal and infrascapular. dorsi, serratus magnus, axillary glands. Subscapular. Posterior scapular. Subscapular fossa. Subscapular. Suprascapular. Subscapular fossa. Super-cerebellar. See Cerebellar, superior. Supermaxillodental. See Dental, superior. Superscapular. See Suprascapular. Supra-acromial. Suprascapular. Acromial region. Supra-dural. External carotid. Meninges. Supra-hyoid (or hyoid) Lingual. Muscles above hyoid bone. Supramaxillary. See Dental, superior. ARTERIES 135 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHEs. Supraorbital. Ophthalmic. Orbit, frontal sinuses, diploé and upper Periosteal, muscular, diploic, troch- eye-lid. lear, palpebral. Supra-renal, inferior. Renal. Supra-renal body. Supra-renal, middle Aorta. Supra-renal bodies. (or supra-renal). Supra-renal, superior. Phrenic. Supra-renal bodies. Suprascapular (or Thyroid axis. Muscles of shoulder. Inferior sterno-mastoid, subclavian, transversalis hum- nutrient, supra-sternal, acromial, eri). articular, subscapular, supra-spinous and infraspinous. Supraspinous. Posterior Scapular. Supraspinous muscles and trapezius. Supraspinous. Suprascapular. Supraspinatus muscle. Suprasternal. Suprascapular. Skin of upper part of chest. Sural (or muscular). 'Popliteal. |Muscles of popliteal space and calf. : Tarsal, external and internal. Dorsalis pedis. Skin and joints, etc., of foot. Temporal. External carotid. Forehead, parotid gland, masseter,'Parotid, articular, masseteric, anterior 62.3.I. auricular, transverse facial, middle, temporal, and anterior and posterior | terminal. Temporal. Posterior cerebral. Inferior part of temporal lobe of brain. Temporal, deep, an- terior. Internal maxillary. Anterior part of temporal fossa. Temporal, deep, ex- ternal. See Tem- poral, deep, ante- rior. Temporal, deep, in-See Temporal, deep, ternal. posterior. Temporal, deep, post-|Intern al maxillary, Temporal fossa. er IOT. pterygoid portion. Temporal, frontal. See Temporal, anterior. Temporal, middle. Temporal. Squamous portion temporal lobe. Temporal, posterior. Superficial temporal. Side of head and vertex. Temporal, superficial. See Temporal. Temporo-occipital. Posterior cerebral. Cuneus, lingual, convolution and ex- terior of occipital lobe. # | | | | | t h t Termatic. Anterior communicat- |Cinerea and callosum. 1Ing. Testicular. Spermatic, Testicle. Testicular, great. See Spermatic, internal. Testicular, small. See Spermatic, external Thalamic, middle. Posterior communi- Optic thalamus. Cating. Thoracic, acromial Axillary. Muscles of shoulder, arm, and chest. Acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavic- (thoracic axis). ular. Thoracic, alar. Axillary. Axillary glands. Thoracic axis. See Thoracic, acromial. Thoracic, extern a 1. See Mammary, ear- ternal. Thoracic, inferior. See Mammary, external. ARTERIES ARTERIES 136 TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHEs. Thoracic, internal. See Mammary, inter- mal. Thoracic, long (exter-Axillary. Pectoral muscles, serratus magnus, nal mammary). mammary and axillary glands. Thoracic, short (or Axillary. Intercostal muscles, serratus magnus. superior). Thoracic twelfth. See Subcostal. Thymic. Internal mammary. Connective tissue, fat and lymphatics, or mediastinum and thymus. Thymic. See Medias- timal. Thyroid, ascending. See Thyroid, infe- rior. , & § Thyroid axis. Subclavian. Shoulder, neck, thorax, spine, cord. Inferior thyroid, suprascapular and transverse cervical. Thyroid, deep. Arch of aorta, innom- in a te (occasional branch). Same as inferior thyroid. Thyroid, descending. See Thyroid, supe- 2-tor. Thyroid, inferior. Thyroid axis. Lº esophagus and muscles of Il CCK. Muscular, ascending cervical, esopha- geal, tracheal and inferior laryngeal. Thyroid, middle. Thyroidea ima. See Thyroid, superior. External carotid. Omo-hyoid, sterno-hyoid, sterno-thy- roid, thyroid gland. Hyoid, sterno-mastoid, e º superior aryngeal, crico-thyroid. Thyroidea ima, Innominate (usually). |Thyroid body. Thyro-laryngeal. Thyroid superior. Larynx and thyroid body. Tibial, anterior. Popliteal. Leg. Posterior and anterior tibial recurrent, muscular, internal and external mal- leolar. Tibial, anterior, recur- rent, Anterior tibial. Tibialis anticus muscle. Tibial, posterior. Popliteal. Leg, heel and foot. Peroneal, muscular, medullary, cuta- neous, communicating, , malleolar calcanean, internal and external plantar. Tibial, profunda (of foot). Internal plantar, (in- nermost branch). Abductor pollicis muscle. Unites with the plantar pollicar, Tibial, recurrent, post- er! Or. Anterior tibial. Back of knee joint. Anastomoses with the inferior articu- lar arteries of knee. Tonsillar. Ascending palatine. Tonsil and Eustachian tube. Tonsillar. Facial. Tonsil and root of tongue. Tracheal. Inferior thyroid. Trachea. Trachelo-muscular. See Cervical, infe- *Z07". - Transversalis colli. Thyroid axis. Neck and scapular region. Superficial cervical and posterior scapular. Transversalis humeri. See Suprascapular. Transverse. External circumflex. Muscles of upper part of thigh. Transverse. See Pon- tal. - Transverse. Right coronary. Heart muscle. ARTERIES 137 ARTERIES TABLE OF ARTERIES.—Cozz/anzaea. NAME. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Transverse humeral. See Suprascapular. Transverse nasal. Nasal (of ophthalmic). Root of nose. Transverse perineal. Superficial perineal. Muscles and integuments of perineum. Tricipital. Posterior circumflex. Triceps muscle (of arm). Tympanic. See Gla- --- Sę770.72. Tympanic. Ascending pharyngeal. Tympanum. Tympanic. Middle meningeal. Tensor tympani. Tympanic. Stylo-mastoid. Membrana tympani. Tympanic. Vidian. Tympanum. Tubal. Ovarian. Fallopian tube. - Ulnar. Brachial. Forearm, wrist, and hand. Anterior and posterior ulnar recur- rent, common interosseous, muscu- lar, nutrient, anterior and posterior ulnar carpal, palmar arch. Ulnar carpal, anterior and posterior. Ulnar. Carpal region. Ulnar, recurrent, ante-|Ulnar. Muscles of arm and elbow-joint. rior and posterior. Ulno-carpal, anterior. Ulnar. |Muscles of hand. ſ Umbilical. Hypogastric. Chorionic villi. . Uncinate. Posterior cerebral. Uncinate convolution. ; Uracheric. Superior vesical. Urachus. Ureteral. Ovarian. Ureter. - JJ reteral. Renal. Ureter. Ureteral. Spermatic. Ureter. Ureteric. Ureter. | Common iliac. Ureteric, inferior. Superior vesical (or uterine). Ureter and bladder. Ureteric, middle. Of aorta, common iliac, or internal spermatic Middle part of ureter. Ureteric, superior. Renal. Urethro-bulbar. See Perimea/, trans- Z/e?"S e. Upper part of ureter. Uterine. Internal iliac, anterior;Uterus. Cervical, vaginal, azygos. branch. Uterine. Ovarian. Uterus. Utero-placental. Uterine. Gravid uterus and placenta. Uveal. See Ciliary, posterior and short. Vaginal (2 or 3). Internal iliac, anterior division. Vagina. Vaginal azygos. Uterine. Vasa brevia. Splenic. Vermiform, inferior. Cerebellar, posterior in- ferior. Vagina. Stomach. l Vermiform process of cerebellum. Vermiform, superior. Superior cerebellar. Superior vermiform process of cerebel- lum. Vertebral. Subclavian. Neck of cerebrum. Lateral spinal, muscular, anastomotic, posterior meningeal, posterior and anterior spinal, posterior cerebellar. ARTHROMENINGITIS 138 ARTICULATE TABLE OF ARTERIES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. L) ISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Vertebral, posterior. See aortar, primitive. Vesical, inferior. division. Internal iliac, anterior Bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and vagina (in female). Vesical, middle. Superior vesical. Bladder. Vesical, superior. Internal iliac, anterior Bladder. |Deferential, uracheric, ureteric, mid- division. dle vesical (occasionally). Vesico-prostatic. Middle hemorrhoidal. |Prostate and seminal vesicles. Vesico-vaginal. See Vaginal. Vestibular. Internal auditory. Membranous labyrinth. Vestibular. Stylo-mastoid. Vestibule and semicircular canals. Vidian. Internal maxillary. Roof of pharynx, Eustachian tube, and Pharyngeal, Eustachian, tympanic. tympanum. Vitelline. See Om- phalo-mesenteric. Volar, superficial. Radial. Ball of thumb. Enters into formation of superficial palmar arch. Volar, superior. See Volar, superficial. Xiphoid. Superior epigastric. Ensiform cartilage. Zygomatico-orbit al. See Orbital (of tem- poral). Arthromeningitis (ar-thro-men-in-ji’-tis) [äpt'pov, a joint; uſivty:, membrane]. - Synovitis. Arthromere (ar/-thro-mer) [äpt'pov, a joint ; Hépog, a part]. In biology, one of , the rings or somites characteristic of the articulated invertebrates. Arthron (ar/-thron) [äpôpov, a joint]. A joint; espe- cially a movable joint. Arthronalgia (ar-thron-a/-je-ah). See Arthralgia. Arthroncus (ar-throng/-kus), [äpópov, a joint; by cog, a swelling]. I. A cartilaginous body such as occa- sionally forms within the knee-joint. 2. Swelling of a oint. Aºpathia (ar-thro-path/-e-ah). See Arthropathy. A. Tabidorum. See Charcot’s Disease. Arthropathics (ar-thro-path/-īās), [äpºpov, a joint; tráðog, disease]. Disease of the joints. Arthropathy (ar-throp'-a-the) [äpôpov, a joint;. Tá60ſ, disease]. I. Any joint disease. 2. A peculiar dis- ease of the joints similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but, according to Charcot, a distinct disease. It belongs to the prodromal stage of tabes, rapidly destroys the joint, is painless, without fever or inflammation, pre- fers the large joints, and is connected with hydrar- throsis and swelling of the joints. Arthrophlogosis (ar-thro-ſo-go/-sis) ſāpfloov, joint; 92.Éyetv, to burn]. Inflammation of a joint. Arthrophragm (ar/-thro-fram) [äpºpov, a joint; opáyſia, a fence]. Partitions between the articulations of arthropods. e tº Arthroplasty (ar/-thro-plas-fe) [äpäpov, , a, , joint; Tržáogetv, to form]. The making of an artificial joint. Arthropleure (ar/-thro-plar) [äpäpov, a joint; Tºewpá, the side]. One of the pleurites or lateral pieces com- posing a somite of an arthropod. Arthropodous (ar-throp'-o-dus) [äpópov, a joint; Totº, a foot]. In biology, having jointed legs. Arthropyosis (ar-thro-pî-o/-sis) [äpºpov, a joint; Túdolç, suppuration]. Pus-formation in a joint. Arthrosia (ar-thro/-ze-ah) [äpôpov, a joint]. inflammatory or other affection of a joint. Arthrosis (ar-thro’-sis) [äp606elv, to fasten by a joint]. Articulation or jointing. Arthrospore (ar/-thro-spor) [äpôpov, a joint; otópoç, a seed]. In biology, a spore formed by fission, as opposed to an endospore. Arthrosterigma (ar-thro-ster-ig/-mah) [äpôpov, a joint; othpaypa, a support: pl., Arthrosterigmata]. In biol- ogy, a jointed sterigma, as in many lichens. Arthrostome (ar/-thro-stöm) [äpäpov, a joint; otóua, a mouth]. L. Agassiz's name for the mouth of articu- lates. Compare Actinostome. Arthrosyrinx (ar-thro-sir/-ing&s) [äp6pov, a joint; oùptyá, a pipe). A fistulous opening into a joint. Arthrotome (ar/-thro-tam) [äpºpov, joint; Topóc, a cut- ting]. A stout knife used in the surgery of the joints. Arthrotomy (ar-throtº-o-me) [äpôpov, a joint; Tāuvetv, to cut]. Incision of a joint. Arthrous (ar/-thrus) [äpôpov, a joint]. Pertaining to a joint or joints; jointed. Arthroxesis (ar-throks/-es-is) [äpôpov, joint; #éoic, a scraping]. The surgical treatment of an articular sur- face by scraping. Artiad (ar/-te-ad) [äprioc, even]. In chemistry, a term used to designate atoms having an even quantivalence, as oxygen, which is bivalent, iron quadrivalent, and sulphur hexivalent. Articular (ar-tik/-u-lar) [articularis, of the joints]. Pertaining to an articulation or joint. - Articulate (ar-tik/-u-lat) [articulare to divide in joints]. Divided into joints, distinct. A. Speech, the com- munication of ideas by spoken words. Painful ARTICULATION 139 Articulation (ar-tić-u-la/-shun) [articulus, a joint]. I. A joint or arthrosis; a connection between two or more bones, whether allowing movement between them or not. The articulations are divided into : (1) Synarthroses, immovable, subdivided into schindyleses, or grooved joints, gomphoses, in sockets, as the teeth, and suturae, as in the bones of the skull; (2) //iarth- roses, or movable joints, subdivided into the arthrodia, or gliding joints, the ginglymus, or hinge-like, the enarthroses, or ball-and-socket joints; (3) Amphiar- throses, or those of a mixed type. 2. The enuncia- tion of spoken speech. A. of Artificial Teeth, the . adjustment and arrangement of one or more artificial teeth, so that it, or they, when placed in the mouth, shall sustain the same relationship to the organs with which they antagonize, when the jaws are closed, as the natural teeth did previous to their loss. A., Con- fluent, the clipping of words, or running together of syllables—a symptom of certain cerebral diseases. A. of Models. See Models for Artificial Zeeth, Antago- nizing. A. Positions. See Consonants. A. of the Teeth. See Teeth, Articulation of Articulator (ar-tik/-u-la-tor) [articulus, a joint]. . An instrument used in mechanical dentistry for holding the models in position while the artificial teeth are being arranged and antagonized upon the plates. Articuli (ar-tik/-u-li). See Zenticula. Articulo mortis, In (ar-tik/-u-ſo mor/-täs) [L.J. At the moment of death. In the act of dying. Artifact (ar/-te-fact) [ars, art; facere, to make]... In microscopy and histology, a structure that has been produced by mechanical, chemical, or other artificial means; a structure or tissue that has been changed from its natural state. Artificial (ar-te-fish/-al) [artificialis]. Made or imitated by art. A. Anus, an opening in the abdomen to give exit to the feces; an opening made in case of imperforate amus. A. Crowns, porcelain crowns of teeth designed to be united to the roots of natural teeth; what is commonly called by the misnomer “pivot tooth.” A. Dentine, a preparation composed of pure gutta-percha, while in a softened state, mixed with mineral substances, and used for temporary fill- ings. See Temporary Stopping. A. Eye, a film of glass, celluloid, rubber, etc., made in imitation of the front part of the globe of the eye and worn in the socket or over a blind eye for cosmetic reasons. A. Feeding, the feeding of an infant by other means than mother's milk. Various mixtures and foods are to be had, such as Meigs's, Rotch's, Biederº's Mixtures, etc., Q. v. See Table at end of this article. A. Joint, or false joint, the non-united ends of a broken bone. A. Leech. See Leech. A. Palate, a mechanical contrivance for supplying the loss of the whole or a portion of the hard or soft palate, or both. A. Pupil, removal of a piece of the iris (iridectomy, iridodialysis, etc.), to allow the light to pass through the opening. A. Respiration, the aération of the blood by artificial means. A method of inducing the normal function of respiration when from any cause it is temporarily in abeyance, as in asphyxia neonatorum, drowning, etc. Bain’s Method, a modification of Sylvester’s method, the axilla itself being seized so that the traction is made directly upon the pectoral muscles, Byrd’s (H.L.) Method; the physi- cian’s hands are placed under the middle portion of the child’s back with their ulnar borders in contact and at right angles to the spine, With the thumbs extended, the two extremities of the trunk are carried forward by * gentle but firm pressure, so that they form an angle of 45 degrees with each other in the diaphragmatic region. Then the angle is reversed by carrying backward the ARTIFICIAL shoulders and the nates. Dew's Method, the infant is grasped in the left hand, allowing the neck to rest between the thumb and forefinger, the head falling far over backward. The upper portion of the back and scapulae rest in the palm of the hand, the other three fingers being inserted in the axilla of the babe's left arm, raising it upward and outward. The right hand grasps the babe's knees, and the lower portion of the body is depressed to favor inspiration. The move- ment is reversed to favor expiration, the head, shoulders, and chest being brought forward and the thighs pressed upon the abdomen. Forest's Method, the child is placed on its face and quick, violent pres- sure is made on the back; then it is placed in a pail of hot water, and the hands carried upward until the child is suspended by its arms, and mouth- to-mouth insufflation is practised; the arms are then lowered and the body doubled forward ; these move- ments are repeated at the rate of 40 per minute. Aal/’s Method; by turning the body alternately upon the side or face to compress the chest, and then upon the back to allow the lungs to expand. Howard’s Method; by pressure upon the lower ribs every few seconds. Pacini’s Method; for resuscitating asphyxi- ated infants. The child lying on its back, the operator stands at its head, and grasps the axillae, pulling the shoulders forward and upward to com- press the thorax, and allowing them to fall in order to expand the chest. Satterthwaite's Method; pres- sure upon the abdomen alternating with relaxation to allow descent of the diaphragm. Schraeder's Method; the babe while in a bath is supported by the opera- tor on the back, its head, arms, and pelvis being allowed to fall backward; a forceful expiration is then effected by bending up the babe over its belly, thereby compressing the thorax. Schultze’s Method; the child is seized from behind with both hands, by the shoulders, in such a way that the right index finger of the operator is in the right axilla of the child from behind forward, and the left index finger in the left axilla, the thumbs hanging loosely over the clavicles. The other three fingers hang diagonally downward along the back of the thorax. The opera- tor stands with his feet apart and holds the child as above, practically hanging on the index fingers in the first position, with the feet downward, the whole weight resting on the index fingers in the axillae, the head being supported by the ulnar borders of the hands. This is the first inspiratory position. At once the operator swings the child gently forward and up- ward. When the operator's hands are somewhat above the horizontal the child is moved gently, so that the lower end of the body falls forward toward its head. The body is not flung over, but moved gently until the lower end rests on the chest. In this position the chest and upper end of the abdomen are compressed tightly. The child’s thorax rests on the tips of the thumbs of the operator. As a result of this forcible expiration the fluids usually pour out of the nose and mouth of the infant. The child is allowed to rest in this position (the first expiratory position) about one or two seconds. The operator gradually lowers his arms, the child’s body bends back, and he again holds the infant hanging on his index fingers with its feet downward; this is the second inspiratory position. These movements are repeated I5 to 20 times in the minute. Sylvester's Method, chiefly by movements of the arms. This method is valueless in asphyxia neo- natorum, owing to non-development of the pectoral muscles. A. Urticaria, a condition much resembling that seen in the autographic skin g. v. A. Vitre- ous. See Evisceration. ARTUS ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS. TABLE OF QUANTITY REQUIRED, fr; e ſº St tº. 9 Nº. -l o Z . 65 & 2. % un & *4 < , , p: Ç o: º, ö 23 2 : E H. : 5 {r} Oſº [1] O ſº ſº 22, 22. First phalanges of 20Yº pubes. 7, 7. Bodies and sy mphysis of pubes. 8, 8. Aceta. remaining toes. 23, 23. Sec- bula. 9, 9. Tuberosities of ischia. Io, Io. Ascending rami ond and third phalanges of of ischium. II, II. Descending rami of pubes. I2, I2. Spines these toes. of ischia. 13, 13. Posterior wall of pelvic cavity. , 14, 14. Sacro-iliac symphyses. 15. Sacro-vertebral angle. I6, 16. Superior strait. BONES 229. TABLE OF BONES.—Cozzzzzzzzed. BONES NAME. PRINCIPAL FEATURES. ARTICULATIONS AND VARIETY. MUSCULAR AND LIGAMENTOUs ATTACHMENTS. Turbinate, inferior. Turbinate, middle. Turbinate, superior. One on each side of outer wall of nasal fossae; curled like a scroll; two surfaces, two borders, two extremities, lachrymal pro- cess, ethmoidal process, maxil- lary process. The free convoluted margin of the thin lamella, that descends from the under surface of the cribri- form plate of the ethmoid bone. The thin curved plate of the ethmoid, that bounds the Supe- rior meatus of the nose above. Ethmoid, Superior maxillary, Lachrymal, synarthrodia. Palate, - Tympanic. Includes the Incus, Malleus and Stapes (q. z.). Ulna. Unciform. . Inner side of forearm, parallel with radius; prismatic; shaft and two extremities, olecranon process, c or on oid process, greater and lesser sigmoid cavi- ties, oblique ridge, perpendicular line, head or lower extremity, styloid process; long bone. Humerus—gºinglymus. ſ superior—diarthrodia ro- tatoria. middle—membranous. inferior—diarthrodia rota- toria. Radius, Triceps, anconeus, flexor carpi ulnaris, brachialis anticus, pronator radii teres, flexor sublimis digitorum, flexor profundus digitorum, flexor longus pollicis (occasionally), pronator quad- ratus, supinator brevis, extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, extensor secundi internodii pollicis, extensor indicis, extensor carpi ulnaris. Wedge-shaped; hook-like pro- cess; in lower row of carpus; short bone. Semilunar, Fourth and fifth meta- carpal, Cuneiform, OS magnum, arthrodia. Flexor brevis minimi, digiti, flexor ossis metacarpi minimidigiti, anterior annular ligament. Vertebrae. Twenty-six; cervical seven, dor- sal twelve, lumbar five, sacrum (composed of five), coccyx (com- posed of four; each has a body and an arch; latter has two pedi- cles, two laminae and seven pro- cesses, viz.: four articular, two transverse, one spinous. Pecu- liar vertebrae, first, second and seventh cervical ; first, n in th, tenth, eleventh and twelfth dor- sal, sacrum, coccyx; irregular bones. Articulate with each other, and with occipital and innominate bones and ribs (q.v.). Intervertebral articulations, between the bodies—amphiarthrodia. Bºyeen articular processes—arthro- 10. Attachment of muscles.— To the Atlas are attached nine pairs: the longus colli, rectus anticus minor, rectus lateralis, rectus posticus minor, ob- liquus superior and inferior, splenius colli, levator anguli scapulae and first intertransverse. To the Aarts are attached eleven pairs: the longus colli, obliquus inferior, rectus posticus major, semispinalis colli, multifidus spinae, levator anguli scapulae, splenius colli, scale n us medius, transversalis colli, intertrans- versales, interspinales. To the remaining vertebrae generally are attached thirty-five pairs and a single muscle: anteriorly, the rectus . anticus major, longus colli, Scalenus anticus, medius, and posticus, psoas magnus, psoas parvus, quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, obliquus in- ternus and transversalis; posteriorly, the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, leva- tor anguli scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor, serratus posticus superior and inferior, splenius, erec- tor spinae, sacro-lumbalis, longissi- mus dorsi, spinalis dorsi, cervicalis ascendens, transversal is colli, trachelo-mastoid, complexus, biven- ter cervicis, semispinalis dorsi and colli, multifidus spinae, rotatores spinae, interspinales, supraspinales, intertransversales, levatores costa- Tll 111. Vomer. Situated vertically at back part of nasal fossae; forms part of sep- tum of nose; somewhat like a low-share; two surfaces and our borders. Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Superior maxillary (two), Palate (two), Cartilage of the sep- tum, Symarthrodia. Wormian. Supernumerary bones; irregular, inconstant, isolated, interposed between the cranial bones, most frequently in the lamb do i d Suture. BOSE'S OPERATION Bose's Operation. See Operations, Table of Boss (bos) [ME., bos]. A wide, flattish protuberance, as on the skull or on a tumor. Bosselated (bosſ-el-a-fed) [ME., bos]. bosses or small nodules. Bosselation (bos-el-a/-shum) [ME., bos]. A boss-like elevation of the surface. Bostock's Catarrh. See Diseases, 7able of Bostryx (bos'-triks) [360TPvxog, a curl]. a helicoid cyme. Boswellia (boz-wel/-e-ah) [after Boswell, a Scotch botanist]. A genus of burseraceous trees of S. Asia and E. and Central Africa. A. carter; furnishes olibanum, as also B. serrata. Bosworth’s Operation. See Operations, Table of Bot (bot) [botus, a belly worm]. The larva of certain species of flies of the genus CEstrus, which are con- veyed into the stomach of man, where they hatch. Also the thread-worm, Oxyuris vermicularis. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Botal, or Botallo, Duct of. See ZXucf. B., Fora- men of. See Foramina, Table of. B., Valve of. See B., Foramen of Botalismus (bot-a/-äz/-mus). See Boſtºismus. Botanic (boº/-an-ić) [Borávn, an herb]. Pertaining to botany. B. Physician, a title assumed by certain persons who profess to use only vegetable remedies. See Aclectic. Botanist (bot/-an-ist) [80Távn, herb]. A student of botany. - Botanophile (bot-an/-o-ſil) [Borávn, herb; pºeiv, to love]. Botanic dilettanti. Persons fond of botany, but not true botanists. Botany (bot/-an-e) [30távn, an herb|. plants—their classification and structure. Gum. See Acaroides. Bote (bot). See Passivism. Bothria (both/-re-ah) [L.]. Aothrium. Bothriocephalus (both-re-o-sef’-a/-us) [300píov, a pit; kepaññ, a head]. A genus of tapeworms. See Tape- worm. B. latus, the Broad tapeworm, a common parasite of man in certain European localities. It may reach twenty-five feet in length, with a breadth of three-fourths of an inch. It is also called Zöenzia lata, and Diboſhrium Zatum. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Bothrion (both/-re-on). [800ptov, a pit]. I. A small cavity; the socket of a tooth. 2. A facet, or fosset, such as is seen upon the head of most of the tape- worms. 3. A deep corneal ulcer. Bothrium (both/-re-um). See Bothrion. Botium (bo/-she-um) [L.]. A goiter or tumor of the neck. B. trachelophyma. Synonym of Goiter. Botrel's Operation. See Operations, Table of Botryoid (bot/-re-oid) [36Tpvg, a cluster; eiðog, likeness]. Resembling in shape a bunch of grapes. Botryomycosis (bot-re-o-mi-ko/-sis) [86TpvQ, a bunch of grapes; uíkmg, a fungus]. A disease of horses in which fibromatous nodules form in the lungs. It is dependent upon the presence of a microörganism called Æo/riomyces. . Botryose (bot/-re-às) [36tpug, a cluster of grapes]. An inflorescence constructed on the plan of a raceme. Botryo-therapeutics (bot-re-o-ther-ap-u/-täke) [36tpuſ, a bunch of grapes; flepatrevruch, medical art]. See Grape-Cure. Bots (botz), Bott (bot). See Boz. Böttcher’s Cells. Small cells in the cochlea, occur- ring in a single layer in the basilar membrane. B.'s Crystals, peculiar microscopic crystals formed by adding a drop of a one per cent. Solution of phos- Covered with In biology, The science of B. Bay Plural of Bothrion, or of 230 BOUQUET phate of ammonia to a drop of prostatic secretion. They are composed of a phosphate formed from a base that exists in prostatic fluid, and that is sup- posed to impart to it its peculiar odor. B.'s Test. See Tests, 7able of. Bötteker's Test. See Tests, Table of. Böttger's Test. See Tests, Table of Bottini's Operation. See Operations, Table of Bottle (bot/-/) [ME., botel; Fr., &outeille]. A vessel, usually of glass, with a narrow neck. B., Feeding, a flat flask with a nipple of India-rubber attached, used for feeding infants. B. Nose, a common name for Acne rosacea. B., Specific Gravity, a Florence flask graduated to contain 500—IOOO grains of water, with the weight of which an equal volume of any other liquid may be compared. B.-stoop, in pharmacy, a block so grooved that it serves to hold a wide-mouthed bottle in an oblique position while a powder is being dispensed from it. B.-wax, a hard, stiff variety of wax used in sealing bottles. Botts (boºz). See Aof. Botulinic Acid (bot-u-lin/-ić asſ-id) [botulus, a sau- sage]. An acid asserted to exist in putrefying sau- Sages, and to constitute their specific poison. Botulism (bot/-u-lizm), Botulismus (bot-a-ſiz'-mus) [botulus, a sausage]. Sausage-poisoning. See Allan- tiasis, Blunzen, and Allanto-toxicon. Bouchard’s Diet. See Treatment, Methods of B.'s Method. See Zºreatment, Methods of B.'s Nod- ules, nodules appearing upon the phalangeal joints of the hands of persons suffering with gastrectasis. Bouchut's Tubes. A variety of tubes for intubation of the larynx. Bougard’s Paste. A caustic paste containing bichlorid of mercury, chlorid of zinc, arsenic, cinnabar, starch, and wheat flour. It is used as an application to carcinoma. Bougie (boo-zhe') [Fr., a candle]. A slender, cylin- drical instrument made of waxed silk, catgut, etc., for introduction into the urethra or other passage, for the purpose of dilation, exploration, etc. Some- times bougies are covered with preparations that are thus conveyed to the inner mucous surfaces. B., Armed, a bougie with a piece of nitrate of silver or other caustic attached to its extremity. B., Filiform, a whalebone or other bougie of very small size. Bouhou (boo-hoo/). See Boohoo. Bouillaud’s Disease. See AEndocarditis, and Diseases, Table of Bouillon (boo-e-yon/(g)) [Fr.]. An alimentary broth made by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. A soup. Also a liquid nutritive medium made by boiling meat, for the culture of microörganisms. Peptonized bouil- lons and solutions of powdered meats have also been used. B. of Liebig, made by dissolving Liebig’s meat extract, 5 grams, in boiling water, IOO grams, neutralizing with bicarbonate of soda and filtering. Its nutritive value is increased by adding glucose. Bouisson's Operation. See Operations, Table of Bouknemia (book-me/-me-ah). Synonym of Elephan- tiasis a raóume. Boulesis (boo-le/-sis). Boulimia (boo-lim/-e-ah). See Bulimia, Boulopeithia (boo-lo-pi/-the-ah). See Bulogeithia, Boulton’s Solution. A solution used in the form of a spray in the treatment of rhinitis. Its formula is, com- pound tincture of iodin muxx; carbolic acid (cryst.), m vi; glycerin, gvij; distilled water, 3 v. This is placed in a water bath at IOO9, in a tightly-corked bottle until the solution becomes colorless, and is then filtered. Bouquet (boo-Éa/) [Fr.]. of nerves, blood-vessels, or muscles. See Bulesis. I. In anatomy, a cluster, 2. The delicate BOURDIN’S PASTE perfume and flavor of good wine. 3. The odor charac- teristic of a disease. B. of Riolan, the cluster of ligaments and muscles attached to the styloid process. Bourdin’s Paste. A mixture of nitric acid with flow- ers of sulphur; used as an escharotic. - Bourdonnement (boor-don-mon(g)') [Fr., bourdon- ner, to buzz). Any buzzing sound. The murmur that is heard when the stethoscope is applied to any part of the body. It is thought to result from con- traction of the muscular fibrillae. See, also, Aombats. Boutha (booſ-thah). A non-alcoholic, stimulating, ačr- ated beverage, containing theire, proprietary. Bouton (boo-ton(g)/) [Fr.]. I. A bud or bulb. 2. A pimple. B. d’Alep, the Aleppo button or boil. See Aurunculus orientalis. B. de Biskra. See Azerum- cza/us orienzialis. Boutons Terminals. Small terminal enlargements or tactile-cells of sensory nerves, as in the nose of the guinea pig and mole. Boutonnière Operations. See Operations, Table of Bovet, Bacillus of. See Aacteria, Synonymatic Zable O7. Bovey Coal (bo'-ve Aol). See Zignize. Bovina Fames (bo-viº-nah fa/-mez) [L.]. Bovine hunger; bulimia. - Bovine (bo’-win) [bovinus, of an ox]. Ox-like. B. Heart, the immensely hypertrophied heart of aortic valvular disease. B. Hunger. See Bovina Fames. Bovinine (bo/-vin-in) [bos, bovis, an ox]. A propriet- ary preparation of beef used as a food for invalids and convalescents. ~. Bovista (bo-vis/-tah) [L.]. I. A genus of fungi closely allied to Lycopera!on ; some of the species are edible. 2. The Zycopera!on bovista, a fungus or puff-ball. When dry it is a good styptic, and its tincture is used for nervous diseases. It is chiefly employed by homeo- pathists. Bow (bo) [ME., bowej. A bending. B.-drill, a kind of drill worked by a bow and string, formerly em- ployed in lithotripsy. B.-leg, a bending outward of the lower limbs. See Genze varum. Bowditch Island Ringworm. See Tinea imbricata. Bowels (bow/-elz) [ME., bowele : botellus, a sausage]. The intestines. Bowman's Capsule. The hyaline membrane that forms the wall of the enlargement at the origin of a uriniferous tubule. Same as Malpig- Žian Capsule. B. Discs, the pro- ducts of a break- ing up of muscle- fibers in the direc- tion of the trans- verse striations. These correspond to the discs of “principal sub- stance ’’ of Dobie. B. Glands. See Gland. B. La- mellae of the Cor- nea. See Mem- brane of Descemet. B. Membrane, a thin homogeneous membrane repre- senting the upper- most layer of the Bow MAN's CAPSULE AND GLOMERULUs. a. Vas afferens. e. Vas efferens. c. Capillary network of the cor- tex. &. Endothelium of the cap- stroma of the cor- sule, h., Origin of a convoluted nea, with which it tubule. (After Landois.) is intimately connected. B. Muscle. See Muscles, 231 BRACHIONIGRAPH Zable of B. Operations. See Operations, Zable of. B. Physic. See Gillenia. B. Probe. See Machrymal. B. Root. See Gillenia. B. Tubes, artificial passages made by forcing air or fluids be- tween the corneal lamellae. Box, Boxwood (boks, boks/-wood). See Buxus. B.- berry, a popular name for Gaultheria procumbens. B. Plate, a metallic plate with an air-tight chamber, used as an obturator, or in connection with artificial teeth, for the replacement of the loss of natural struc- ture. See A'aised Aase. B. Pulse-measurer, an instrument for measuring the pulse by its action upon a column of liquid when the exposed artery is placed within an oblong box communicating with the column. Boyer's Apparatus. An apparatus for reducing frac- tures of the humerus; it is composed of four splints and two spiral bandages, one within and one around the splints. B. Bandage. See Bandage. B. Cyst. See Diseases, Table of B. Splint. See B.'s Apparatus. Boyle's Law. See Lazy. B. Ventilator. See Ven- zilation. Boynton's Method. See Operations, Table of B. Treatment. See 77-eatment, Methods of Bozeman's Apparatus. A wooden framework intended to hold a patient in the knee-elbow posture in the operation for vesico-vaginal fistula. B. Catheter, a double-current catheter. B. Operation. See Opera- tions, Table of Braccate (brak/-ät) [bracae, breeches]. having the feet completely feathered. Brachelytrous (bra-Ae/-it-rus) [3paxic, short: ś%urpov, a sheath]. In biology, with short elytra or wing- COVerS. Brachia (bra/-ke-ah). Plural of Brachium. Brachial (bra'-Ae-al)[brachium, the arm]. Pertaining to the arm, especially the upper arm. B. Artery, the continuation of the axillary artery, extending along the inner side of the arm. See Arteries, Table of. B. Diplegia. See Paralysis. B. Glands, the lym- phatic glands of the arm. See Gland. B. Plexus, the plexus of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cer- vical and the first dorsal pair of nerves. See Plexuses, Zable of. B. Veins, the veins of the arm that accom- pany the brachial artery. See Vein. Brachialgia (ºra-ke-a/-je-ah) [3paxtov, the arm; d'Ayoc, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the arm or in the brachial plexus. Brachialis anticus (bra-ke-a/-lis an’-tić-us). Al/uscles, Table of Brachiate (bra/-ke-āţ) [brachium, an arm]. In biology, possessing arms or branches. Brachinin (braž/-in-in) [3payúc, short]. A substance obtained from the Bombardier Beetle, Brachinus crep- itans, of Europe. It is said to be efficacious against rheumatism. Unof. Brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-seſ-a/-ä) [3pation, the arm; kepaññ, head]. Pertaining to the arm and the head. B. Artery and Vein, the innominate artery and vein. Brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-Au/-bit-a!) [3paxtov, the arm ; cubitus the forearm]. Relating to the arm and forearm; as the brachio-cubital ligament. Brachiocyllosis (bra-ke-o-sil-o'-sis) [3paxtov, the arm ; ki%20oug, a bending]. A crookedness of the arm ; also the paralysis that may accompany it. Brachiodermian (Öra-ke-o-der/-me-an) [3partov, the arm; 6ápua, the skin]. Relating to the skin of the all III. Brachioncus (bra-ke-ong/-kus) [3paxtov, the arm ; ôykoç, a swelling]. Any hard and chronic swelling of the arm. - Brachionigraph (bra-ke-on/-ig-raf) [3paxtov, the arm ; ypáðelv, to write]. A device or apparatus by which a In biology, See BRACHIORADIAL person who has lost the hand, or who has writer’s cramp, can write by means of the muscles of the upper a III] . Drachioradial (bra-ke-o-ra/-de-a/) [3paxtov, the arm ; zadius, a staff]. The supinator radii longus muscle. See Muscles, Table of Brachiorrheuma (bra-ke-o-ru/-mah) [8paxtov, the arm ; beiyua, a flux]. Rheumatism of the arm. Brachiostrophosis (bra-ke-o-stro-fo/-sis) [8paxtov, the arm; atpépetv, to turn]. A twist or twisted deformity of the arm. Brachiotomy (bra-ke-of/-o-me) [3paxtov, the arm; Touff, a section]. The surgical or obstetric removal of an arm. Brachiplex (bra/-ke-pleks) [3paxtov, the arm; plexus, a twining]. The brachial plexus. Brachiplexal (bra-ke-pleks/-al) [8paxtov, the arm; plexus, a twining]. Relating to the brachiplex. Brachistocephalic, or Brachistocephalous (bra-Āis- to-seſ-a/-ić, or bra-Āis-to-sef’-a/-us) [3párto Tog, shortest; Keſpaññ, head]. Having an extremely short and very broad head. Brachium (bra/-ke-um) [brachium, 3paxtov, the arm : pl., Brachia]. The arm, especially the upper arm; the arm above the elbow. An extensor process of an organ. B. Cerebri or B. of Optic Lobes, the bands connecting the nates and testes with the optic thalamus. B. Pontis, the brachium of the pons, being also the middle peduncle of the cerebellum. Brachia cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum. Brach-Romberg Symptom. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Brachybiotic (brak-e-bi-of/-ić) [8payúg, short; Biog, life]. Short-lived. Brachycardia (brak-e-kar/-de-a/ ). cardia. Brachycephalia (brak-e-seſ-a/-le-ah) [3payúc, short; kepaññ, a head]. The quality of being brachycepha- Same as Brady- lic. Brachycephalic (brak-e-seſ-a/-ä) [3payúg, short; kepa/#, a head]. In biology, applied to skulls of an egg-like shape, with the larger end behind. Having a skull, the transverse diameter of which is more than eight-tenths of the long diameter. See Zºdex. Brachycephalism (brak-e-sef/-a/-äzm). See Brachy- cephalia. Brachycephalous (braž-e-sef’-a/-us) [3pažūg, short; kejažň, a head]. Brachycephalic. Brachycephaly (brak-e-sef’-a-le). /ia. Brachydactylia (brak-e-dak-fi/-e-ah) [3pazig, short: ÖákTvå0¢, a digit]. Abnormal shortness of the fingers Or toes. Brachydactylism (brak-e-da/-ti!-izm). dacty/ia. Brachydactylous (brak-e-dak/-fi/-us) [8paxic, short; 6ákrvŽog, a finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal short- ness of the fingers or toes. Brachygnathism (brak-ig/-nāth-izm) [3payúg, short; yváffog, a jaw]. Excess of length of the superior incisive arch, as in a horse. f}rachykephalia (brak-e-Aeſ-a/-le-ah). cephalia. Brachymetropia (brak-e-me-tro/-pe-ah) [3payúc, short; puéTpov, a measure; &lp, the eye). See Myopia. Brachymetropic (brak-e-me-trop’-ić) [3paxiſ, short; ſuérpov, a measure ; &lp, the eye). See Myopic. Brachyodont (bra/-e-o-dont) [3payúg, short; 666vg, a tooth]. In biology, applied to low-crowned teeth: the opposite of Hypsodont. Brachypnea (braž-ip-me/-a/ ) [3paxic, short; breath]. Abnormal shortness of breath. See Brachycepha- See Brachy- See Brachy- Trvoim, 232 BRAIN Brachypodous (brak-ipº-o-dus) [8paxig, short; tróvc, foot]. In biology, possessing a short foot or stalk. Brachypterous (brak-ip/-ter-us) [8payúg, short; Trépôv, a wing]. In biology, short-winged. Brachyrrhinia (brak-e-rin/-e-a/ ) [3payúc, short; bic, a nose]. Abnormal shortness of the nose. Brachysomia (brak-e-so'-me-ah) [3payig, short; oºga, body]. Shortness of the body. - Brachyurous (brak-e-º'-rus) [3payúg, short; otpá, tail]. In biology, short-tailed. Bracklet (bra&’-let) [bracteola, a thin leaf J. In biology, the smaller bract borne on pedicles. Bract (braké) [bractea, a thin plate]. In biology, the name of the modified leaves borne on flower-peduncles or at the base of flower-clusters. Bracteole. Same as Bracklef. Bradesthesia (brad-es-the-ze-ah). See Bradyesthesia. Bradyarthria (brad-e-ar/-thre-ah)[3pačüç, slow; āpôpov, articulation]. Abnormally slow articulation of words: bradylalia. Bradybolism (brad-iº/-o-ſizm) [8paðūg, slow; 3áWWeiv, to throw]. Same as Bradyspermatism. - Bradycardia (brad-e-Aar/-de-ah) [8paðūg, slow; Kapóía, the heart]. Slow pulse—the opposite of tachycardia. Bradycauma (brad-e-Kaw/-mah) [3padūg, slow; kaijua, burn : p., Bradycaumata]. Slow cautery, as with the moxa. Bradycrote (brad/-e-Arāt) [8paôüg, slow; kpórog, a beat- ing]. Marked by or relating to slowness of the pulse. Bradycrotic (brad-e-Arot'-ić) [8pačíg, slow; kpótog, a beating]. Bradycrote. - Bradyecoia (brad-e-ek-o'-ah) [8pačíg, slow; diſcovetv, to hear]. Hardness of hearing. Bradyesthesia (brad-e-es-the-ze-ah) [8pačüç, slow; aiothaug, perception]. Dulness of perception. Bradylalia (brad-e-la/-le-a/.) [3paôüç, slow; Žažeiv, to talk]. A slow and disordered utterance. Bradylogia (brad-e-lo'-je-ah) [30a00g, slow; %yog, dis- course]. Bradylalia. - Bradymasesis, Bradymassesis (brad-e-mas-e'-sis), or . Bradymastesis (brad-e-mas-teſ-sis) [8pačüç, slow; plóomotç, mastication]. Slow or difficult mastication, especially that seen in general paralysis, or after lesions of the fifth nerve. Bradypepsia (brad-e-pep/-se-ah) [8paôüç, slow; Tépic, digestion]. ifficult or slow digestion. Bradyphasia (brad-e-ſa/-ze-ah) [3paôüç, slow; páog, speech]. Bradylalia. Bradyphrasia (brad-e-fra/-ze-ah) [6padūg, slow; ºpógic, utterance]. Slowness of speech; it occurs in some types of mental disease. Bradypnea (brad-if-ne'-ah) [3pačög, slow; Tvéetv, to breathe]. Abnormal slowness of breathing. Bradyspermatism (brad-e-sper/-mat-izm) [8pačüç, slow; otépua, seed]. Abnormally slow emission of Seſſleſh. Bradysphygmia (brad-e-Sfºg/-me-ah) [8paôüç, slow; opvyuóg, pulse]. Abnormal slowness of the pulse. Bradysuria (brad-is-w/-re-ah). See Bradyuria. Bradytocia (brad-e-to/-se-a/.) [8pačüç, slow; Tókoç, birth]. Abnormally slow or protracted parturition. Bradytrophic (brad-e-tröf/-ić) [8paôüç, slow; Tpoſph, nutrition]. Characterized by slowness of trophic changes. Bradyuria (brad-e-u/-re-ah). [8paôüç, slow; oipov, urine]. Slow passage of urine. Braidism (bråd/-īzm) [Braid, the originator]. The hypnotic state produced by fixation of the eyes upon a shining object; described by James Braid in 1842. See Hypnotism. - Brain (bran).[Low Ger., bragem]... The general con- tents of the cranium, especially the cerebrum. B., BRAIN 233 ºf ºil | ... '" | . ſlº . . . * : tº " . . . . *** mºrtimpſºn. ". . Tº Tºrº" ºr fºr T E" º f º º º rºº º y tº tº Q lº º º " º:9 Qºy Wºº . . . # \"\\ºli SUPERIOR ASPECT, OR Convex ITY OF THE BRAIN. 1, I. Fissure of Rolando. 2, 2. Ascending frontal convolution. 3, 3. AS- cending and superior parietal convolutions. 4, 4. First frontal con- volution. 5, 5. Second frontal. 6, 6. Third frontal. 7, 7. First occi- pital. 8, 8. Second occipital. 9, 9. Third occipital. Io. Anterior | * extremity of corpus callosum. II, II. Posterior extremity. º Tºtt: 11: lºſt g 12 §: # # G º 177 º' § wº § #: 7 §§ ºf 3 illiºl|| * \tº ##|| "...º | º § º º," INFERIOR ASPECT OF THE BRAIN. I. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. Tuber cinereum and infundibulum. 4. Corpora albicantia, or mamillaria. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Sylvius. 8. Testes. Io. Inferior surface of frontal lobe. II. Convolution of the fissure of BRAN Abdominal. See Solar Plexus. B., After-. See Metemceſ/a/on. B. Axis, that portion of the brain-substance including the island of Reil, the basal ganglia, the crura, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. B.-bladder, a cerebral vesicle of the embryo. B., Com- pression of, may arise from injury or dis- ease, from serous exudation, blood extrava- sation, etc. See Compression. B., Con- cussion of, is the result of injury producing symptoms of loss of power and function generally. See Concussion. B.-fag, mental exhaustion due to overwork. B. Fever, See Mening itis, also Synonym of 73% oid Aever. B., Fore-. See Prosencephalom. B., Hind-. See Apemceſ/a/on. B., In- callosal, one in which there is a complete absence of the corpus callosum. This is commonly associated with mental and physi. cal weakness, amounting often to idiocy. B., Inter-. See Diencephalom. B., Irri- tation of, follows injury, and is marked by symptoms of irritability and often by con- vulsive phenomena. B., Little, the cere- bellum. B.-mantle, that portion of the brain-substance including the convolutions, corpus callosum, and fornix. B., Mid-. See Al/esenceſ/a/on. B.-pan, the cranium. B., Railway, a neurosis sometimes occur- ring in those who ride constantly on railway trains. It is characterized by anesthesia, or spinal hyperesthesia, insomnia, paresis, etc. B. Sand, a gritty mineral matter found in and about the pineal gland, con- sisting mainly of calcium and magnesium carbonates and phosphates. Its function is not known. B.-shake. Synonym of A., Cozzczęssion of B.-stem, the pons, me- dulla, and crura cerebri. B.-storm, a succession of sudden and severe phenomena, due to some cerebral disturbance. B.-tire, a condition of brain-exhaustion due to ex- cessive functional activity. See B.-fag. B.-wave, the supposed telepathic vibra- tion of a “mentiferous ether,’” by which thoughts and impressions may be transferred from one person to another. B.-wax. See Cephalof. Brainard's Operations. See Operations, Zable of Bramah’s Apparatus. An apparatus by which water may be charged with CO, by the continuous method. Bramble (bram/-b/). See A'zzóws. Bran (áram) [ME., bran]. The epidermis or outer covering of the seeds of most cereals. It contains woody matter 35, starch 22, albumin and gluten I 3, water I2, gum 8, other matters, including a small amount of silica, IO per cent. It contains, also, a diastatic ferment that converts the starch into dextrin. B. Bath. See AEa/h. B. Tea, a decoction of bran, used in coughs. Sylvius. I2. Olfactory nerve. 13. Third convolu- tion of inferior surface of frontal lobe. I4. Fourth convolution. I5. Third convolution of external surface of frontal lobe. I6. External border of posterior lobe. 17. Sphenoidal extremity, IS. Oc- cipital extremity. I9. Hippocampal convolution. 20, External convolution of posterior, lobe. 21. Middle convolution. 22. Internal convolution. 23. Gyrus fornicatus. BRANCH 2 Branch (branch) [ME., branche]. A name given to the divisions or offshoots of blood-vessels, lymphatics, or nerves, from the trunk or main stem. Branchiae (brang/-ke-e) [3páyxia, gills]. The gills of fishes. Branchial (ºrang’-ke-a!) [3páyºta, gills]. Pertaining to branchiae. B. Arches. See Arches. B. Open- ings. See Clefts, Visceral. Branchiostegite (brang-ke-osſ-teſ-it) [3páyxia, gills; GTéym, a roof|. In biology, that portion of the cara- pace of a crustacean that covers the gills and branchial chamber. Branchireme (brang/-ke-rém) [branchiae, gills; remus, an oar, hand or foot of a swimmer]. In biology, a crustacean having gill-bearing legs. Branchus (brang/-kus) [3páyxog, hoarseness]. Hoarse- IlêSS. Brand Bath. See Bath. Methods of Brandt’s Method. See Treatment, Methods of B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. Brandy (bram/-de). See Spiritus. B. Nose. Aczze rosacea. Branks (brangás) [Gael., brancas, a kind of pillory]. The mumps. Branny (bran/-e) [ME., bran]. Like bran. B. Kidney. Same as Zarge White Aidney, g. v. B. Tetter. Synonym of Pityriasis. - Brasdor's Operation. See Operations, Table of Brash (brash) [Dutch, braaken, to vomit]. A common name indicating almost any disorder of the digestive system; any rash, or eruption; a short fit of illness. B., Water. See AEyrosis. Brasilin (bra/-zi!-in) [ME., brasil), Cls HiſOs. Brazilin, a coloring-matter found in Brazil-wood and red-wood; it crystallizes in white, shining needles, and dissolves in alkalies with a carmin-red color on exposure to the air. See A'igments, Conspectus of Brass (bras) [ME., bras]. An alloy of copper with 25– 40 per cent. of zinc. B.-Founder’s Ague. See Ague. Brassica (brasſ-ić-a/.) [AS., brassica, cabbage]. A genus of plants, 'Nat. Order, Crucifera, including the common cabbage. B. acidulata, sour crout (or Sauer Kraut). B. asperifolia esculenta, the common turnip. B. cauliflora (or florida), the cauliflower. B. cumana or rubra, the red cabbage. B. napus, the rape plant. B. nigra, the black mustard. B. sativa, the common cabbage. Brassidic Acid (bras-id/-i}). See Acid. Braun's Canal. See Canal. B. Operation. See Operations, Table of B. Test. See Tests, Table OW. bºne (braun). See Brunissure. Braune's Canal. See Cazza!. Brawn (brawn) [ME., braun, a piece of flesh]. flesh of a muscle; well-developed muscles. Brawny (brawn/-e) [ME., brawn, a piece of flesh]. Fleshy; muscular. B. Induration, pathologic harden- ing and thickening of the tissues. Braxy (braćs/-e) [E. dial.]. A term applied to cer- tain forms of blood-disease, as anthrax in sheep. Three forms are recognized by shepherds: a, turnip ; }, wet; c, red. B., Red, a form of septicemia in sheep in which the tissues are uniformly stained of a deep- red color by the coloring-matter of the blood. B., Turnip, a form of malnutrition of the blood occur- ring in sheep that are fed on an unlimited supply of roots, particularly of Swedes. The attack is sudden in onset, short in duration, and fatal in termination. See Aaci//us anthracis, Pollender and Davaine, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of. B. Method. See Treatment, See The BREATH Brayera (bra-ye/-rah.) [Fr., brayer], Koosoo, koosso, koso, kousso, cusso. The female inflorescence of Aſagenia abyssinica, containing tannic acid, a volatile oil and a crystalline principle, Aoussin, Cs1HssOro. In large doses it produces nausea and emesis. It is valuable mainly as an anthelmintic against tapeworm. Dose gift-3 ss, in infusion of boiling water. B., Ext., Fld., dose 3 i–3.j. Infusum Cusso (B. P.). Dose 3 iv-viij. Bread (bred) [Sax., bredan to nourish; Lat., panis; Gr., ãptogj. A mixture of flour and water made porous by carbon dioxid and then baked. The flour may be of wheat, corn, oat, or rye. The carbon dioxid may be introduced by decomposing an alkaline carbonate (sodium or potassium), by an acid (“cream of tartar”), or by fermenting the starch with yeast. B., Brown, a kind of bread made from a mixture of corn, rye and wheat flour. B., Graham, made from unbolted wheat flour; it contains more gluten, diastase and mineral phosphates than ordinary bread. B., White, bread made from bolted wheaten flour, and therefore defi- cient in diastase, gluten and mineral phosphates. Other kinds, such as rye (or black), corn, bran, barley, etc., indicate their composition by their name. B.- jelly, a food of service as an occasional change from mushes, but with a tendency to constipate if given freely. It is prepared by pouring boiling water upon stale bread and allowing it to soak for an hour. The water is then removed, fresh water added, and the whole boiled until a thick mass forms. On pouring off the excess of water and cooling, a jelly-like material re- mains which may be eaten with milk or sugar. B.-mould. See Ascophora. B.-paste, a culture- medium for bacteria. Stale, coarse bread is dried, ground to powder and made into a paste with water. It is well suited for the growth of moulds. Break (brak) [ME., breken, to break]. In electricity, an opening in the circuit of a battery. See Maže. In surgery, a fracture. B. -bone Fever. See Dengue. B. Shock, a term sometimes employed in electro- therapeutics for the physiologic shock produced on the opening or breaking of an electric circuit. Breast (brest) [ME., brest, the breast]. The upper anterior part of the body between the neck and abdo- men. Also, the mamma. B.-bone. See Sternazemz. B., Broken, abscess of the mammary gland. B., Chicken, Pectus carinatum ; a deformity marked by prominence of the sternal portion of the chest. B. Glass, a glass receptacle for the overflow of milk from the breast. B. Pang, angina pectoris. See Ste- nocardia. B. Pump. See Antlia. B., Pigeon. Same as B., Chickenz. B. Tea, German, a mixture of althea, or marshmallow, eight parts; coltsfoot leaves, four parts; liquorice, three parts; anise and mullein leaves, each two parts; orris, one part : this is called also species pectoralis. Breastweed. See Sazerzerus cermuus. Breath (breth) [AS., &rath]. The air exhaled from the lungs. It has lost a part of its oxygen and gained a certain but varying amount of ammonia, aqueous vapor and carbon dioxid from the oxidation of the waste- matter of the blood. Also applied to the air inspired. B. Sounds, the respiratory sounds heard upon auscultation. In the healthy chest three varieties of respiratory sounds may be recognized : I. Those pro- duced in the glottis, and audible over the lower end of the trachea—trachea/ or bronchial breathing. 2. Those produced in the alveoli and audible over the lungs—vesicular breathing. 3. Those audible about the roots of the lungs, combining the character of the two preceding—broncho-vesicular breathing. A Table of Breath-Sounds is given on the next page. BREATHING 235 BREGMATO-ANTERIOR TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. - (Altered and enlarged from J. K. Fowler). VARIETY WHERE CONDITION OF PERIOD. PITCH. QUALITY. INTERVAL. | DURATION. INTENSITY. HEARD IN WHICH SREATHING. -> HEARD. Vesicular. I. Inspira- |Low. Vesicular. None. * - e. Variable. Over the lungs, In health. tion. in health. |2. Expira- |Lower. Blowing. º Shorter than in-Faint or ab- | tion. spiration or sent. abSent. Bronchial. 1. Inspira- |High. Tracheal. Distinct. Variable. In health, over In he alth; tion. - the seventh pulmonary 2. Expira- |Higher. Tracheal. . . |Equal to or Greater. cervical spine tuberculosis, , tion. longer than In d is e a se, lobar pneu- inspiration. Over areas of monia, large consolidation p 1 eur it ic effusions, t h or a c ic a n e u rysm, mediastinal tum OrS. Broncho -|I. Inspira- |Higher than More or less|Slight. tº º º Variable. In health, ant., In he alth ; vesicular. tion. in vesicularl tracheal. Over sternal pneumonia, breathing. portion of in- pulmonary 2. Expira- |Higher than More or less . About equal to Greater. fra - c 1 a v i c. tuberculo- tion. in vesicular tracheal. inspiration. region ; post., sis. breathing. upper part of inter-scapular region. In disease, over slight c on - - solidation. Amphoric. I. Inspira- |Low. Hollow and me- Distinct. sº º º º Variable. Over , a large Pulmonary tu- tion. tallic. cavity com- berculosis. 2. Expira- Lower. Both characters . . [Longer th a nGreater. municating tion. more marked. inspiration. with an open - bronchus. Cavernous. |1. Inspira- |Low. Blow in g and Distinct. Variable. Over a cavity Pulm on ary tion. hollow. communicat- tuberculo- 2. Expira- |Lower. Both characters Longer than Greater. ing with an sis. tion. more marked. inspiration. open bron- chus. Tubular. I. Inspira- |High er than Laryngeal or Distinct. Variable. Over , consolid-Lobar pneu- tion. in bronchial whiffing. breathing. 2. Expira- |Higher. Laryngeal or tion. whiffing. Breathing (breth/-ing) [AS., broth]. See Respiration. B., Abdominal, breathing in which the abdominal walls move decidedly and in which the diaphragm is actively engaged. B., Diminished, is the reverse of A. Exaggerated. The normal breath-sound is present, but its intensity is much diminished. It is very fre- quently heard at the apex in the early stage of pulmo- nary tuberculosis. B., Exaggerated, is the normal breath-sound of children, but when occurring in adults, it indicates a compensatory action of one part of the lungs for deficient action elsewhere. It is an exaggerated degree of the normal vesicular breathing. B., Interrupted, Wavy or Cogwheel, a broken or interrupted inspiratory sound produced by nervous- ness, irregular contraction of the muscles of respira- tion, or irregular expansion of the lung from disease. B., Mouth, habitual respiration through the mouth. B., Puerile. See B., AExaggerated. B., Suppressed, entire absence of breath-sounds, as in pleuritic effu- sion and certain solid conditions of the lung. B., Thoracic, respiration in which the thoracic walls are actively moved. Bredsore (bred/-sār) [Vulgar]. out any visible cause; a whitlow ; Areeder. - Breech (brech) [ME., breech]. The buttocks. B. Position. See Fetus, Position of A sore coming with- also called ated areas. monia, pul- monary tu- Equal to or Greater. berculosis. longer th a ri inspiration. Breeches Splint. A splint that surrounds the leg; oftenest made of woven wire. Breed (bred) [AS., bredan, to nourish]. produce; to nurse; to develop. Breeder (bred/-er). See Bredsore. Breeding-season (bre/-ding se/-zum) [AS., brēdan, to nourish]. The period during which certain species of animals, especially the lower forms of vertebrates, beget and rear their young. Breeze (öråg). See Aead-breeze and Static-breeze. Brefeld and Nägele's Method. See Fractional Cu/. tizatzorz. Bregenin (breg'-en-in) [Low Ger., bregen, brain], CoHs, NO. A name given by Thudichum to a vis- cous principle, soluble in and crystallizable from alcohol, by means of which it has been extracted from brain-tissue. It is fusible like a fat, but is miscible with water. Bregma (breg'-mah) [8péyua, the sinciput : £7, Breg- mata]. A term applied to the anterior fontanelle. See Craniometric Points. Bregmatic (breg-mat/-ić) [3péypia, the sinciput]. lating to a bregma. Bregmato-anterior (breg'-mat-o-an-teſ-re-or) [8péYua, the sinciput; anterius, front). Having the bregma in the anterior portion of the mother's pelvis; applied to the presentation in labor. To beget, Re- BREGMATO-COTYLOID Bregmato-cotyloid (breg/-mat-o-ko'-il-oid) [6péypia, the sinciput; koti,Am, a socket; elóoç, form]. With the bregma toward the cotyloid depression (acetabu- lum) of the mother's pelvis; a term used in obstetrics. Bregmatodymia (breg-mat-o-dim/-e-ah) [3péYua, the sinciput; 6tóvuog, twin]. Teratic union of twins by the bregmata. Bregmato-posterior (breg'-mat-o-pos-te/-re-or) [6péyua, the sinciput; posterius, backward]. Having the bregma toward the rear of the mother's pelvis; a term used in obstetrics. Bremen (brem’-en) [Ger.]. A town in Germany. B. Blue. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. B. Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pig- 2/22/28. Bremer’s Test for Diabetic Blood. Diabetic blood- corpuscles stained with eosin for ten minutes in an oven at 35° C. yield a greenish yellow tint; in normal blood the color is brownish. Bremond's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Brenner's Formula. The feeble tone heard when the anode is opened in galvanic stimulation of the auditory nerve. This tone corresponds with the reson- ance fundamental tone of the sound-conducting appar- atus of the ear itself. Brephalus (breſ’-a/-us) [3pépoc, the new-born babe or 's young]. In biology, applied to the young of a crustacean just as it quits the ovum, in whatever stage. Bates's substitute for larva. Brephopolysarcia (breſ-o-pol-e-sar/-/*e-ah) [3pépoc, an infant; Tožíg, much ; Gápš, flesh]. Excess of flesh in an infant. Brephotrophium (breſ-o-tro-fe/-um) [3pépoc, infant; Tpépetv, to nourish]. An infant-asylum ; a foundling- hospital. Breschet, Canals of. spheno-parietal sinus. Weiſz. Bresgen’s Formulae. ing strengths, with rhinitis. Breslau Fever. See Aezer. B. Test. See /3.7%. Brevé extensor digitorum (brez-e-eós-tem/-sor dig-it-o/- fºum) [L.]. The extensor brevis digitorum. See Muscles, Table of Brevicaudate (brev-e-Kaw/-dāt) [brevis, short; cauda, tail]. In biology, short-tailed. [L]. The adductor Breviductor (brev-e-du//-/or) brevis muscle of the thigh. See /l/uscles, Zable of Any short, flexor Breviflexor (brev-eyle/s/-or) [L.]. muscle. Brevifoliate (brev-e-fo'-le-ä) [brevis, short; ſolium, a leaf). In biology, short-leaved. Brevilingual (brev-e-/img/-gwal) [brevis, short; lingua, a tongue]. In biology, short-tongued. Breviped (brew/-e-ped) [brevis, short; £es, a foot]. In biology, short-footed. Brevipen (brev'-e-ſen) [brevis, short; penna, a wing]. In biology, short-winged. Brevirostrate (brev-e-rosſ-trait) [brevis, short; rostrum, a beak. In biology, short-billed. Brevissimus oculi (brez-iº/-em-us ok/-u-li) [L.]. The shortest muscle of the eye; the obliquus inferior. See Muscles, Table of Brewcke's Test. See 7ests, Zable of Briançon Manna (/re-an-sån/ tº: A kind of manna from the twigs of the European larch-tree. Bribosia's Operation. See Operations, Table of Brick-Dust Deposit (brić/-dust de-pos/-īt). A lateriti- ous sediment from urine. Bricklayers' Itch (briž-la/-erz ich). irritation of lime mortar. See Cazza/. See Sinus. B., Sinus of, the B.’s Veins. See Silver-nitrate powders of vary- powdered starch, for use in Eczema due to 236 BRIGHT’S DISEASE Brick-makers’ Anemia. See Anchylostomiasis. Bridge (brij) [ME., brigge]. I. The upper ridge of the nose formed by the union of the two nasal bones, 2. In electricity, an apparatus for measuring the resist- ance of a conductor. B. Coloboma. See Coloboma. B., Herpetic, a term for Fascicular Áeratitis, g. v. B. of Nose, the prominent ridge formed by the nasal bones. B. of Varolius, the pons Varolii. B.-Work, in dentistry, the adaptation of artificial crowns of teeth to and over spaces made by the loss of natural teeth, by connecting such crowns to natural teeth or roots for anchorage by means of a bridge, and thereby dispensing with plates covering more or less of the roof of the mouth and the alveolar ridge. Bridle (bri/-d/) [ME., bride/J. I. A Frenum, g. v. 2. A band or filament stretching across the lumen of a passage, or from side to side of an ulcer, scar, or ab- scess. B. Stricture, a stricture due to the presence of a bridle traversing the caliber of the urethra. Brieger, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of B.'s Method, a method of separating ptomaines from a putrefying mass. Briggs's Operation. See Operations, Table of Brightic (brit/-īk) [Bright, an English physician]. A person suffering from Bright’s disease. Bright's Disease (brits dis-ez/) [Bright, an English physician]. A name formerly incorrectly used as a synonym of albuminuria, and at present covering several forms of disease of the kidney associated with albumin in the urine. It may be acute (acuſe parenchy- matous nephritis) or chronic (which includes chronic parenchymatous nephritis, granular contraction of the Aidneys, and albuminoid degeneration of the Kidneys). Bright's disease is considered by Fothergill as a secondary condition arising from a tendency to- ward the reversion to that preanthropic type in which the liver performed the additional office of excreting uric acid. Acute Bright's Disease is sudden in its onset, and is associated with chills, headache, back- ache, vomiting, and edema, especially marked in the eyelids and the cheeks. The urine is scanty or even Suppressed, of a dark, smoky hue, and contains a large amount of albumin, and blood. Microscopically, blood- corpuscles, renal epithelium, débris, and hyalin, epi- thelial, and blood-casts are found, and occasionally, also, granular casts. Occasionally the glomeruli of the kidney are the seat of the most marked changes, and to this condition the term “glomerulo-nephritis,” has been given. The most frequent cause of acute Bright's disease is exposure to cold. It is often a com- plication of the specific fevers, especially scarlet fever. Death frequently results from uremia or cardiac failure, or the disease may assume a chronic form. Chronic Bright’s Disease embraces, as has been said, three distinct diseases of the kidney. Chronic parenchy- matous nephritis, usually following an acute at- tack, is also known as chronic tuba/ and chronic desquamative nephritis, and from its size and pallor, the kidney resulting from the disease is called the “ large white Aidney,” The capsule peels off readily and leaves a smooth or very slightly granular sur- face. The tubules are most involved in the change; they are enlarged and distended with proliferated and swollen epithelial cells. There is some thick- ening of the interstitial tissue, as a rule. This large kidney is prone to undergo degenerative changes, the protoplasm of the cells in the tubules break- ing down into an amorphous débris. The kidney shrinks, and at the same time undergoes an increase in the interstitial tissue, forming what is known as the “sma//white Aidney.” Granular contraction of the Aidney is also known as chronic 7nterstitial nephritis, BRILLIANT and the kidney resulting is called the “small red granular Aidney,” the “red contracted Aidney,” and at times the “gouty kidney’’ or the “arterio- sclerotic Aidney.” This kidney is usually much di- minished in size and weight; the capsule is greatly thickened and adherent, so that it cannot be removed without tearing the kidney-tissue. The renal sub- stance is reddish, granular, with small cysts, and firm on section. Microscopically, there is found a great increase in the interstitial tissue, reducing the caliber of the tubules. This excess of fibrous tissue has given origin to the name “cirrhotic Aidney,” and this form of Bright's disease is frequently associated with gout, syphilis, chronic lead-poisoning, or alcoholic excess. Albuminoid degeneration of the Aidneys is also known as the amyloid, waxy, or lardaceous Aidney. This kidney is enlarged and quite pale; its consistence is firm, and the section has a peculiar, glistening, bacon- like appearance. The glomeruli stand out as bright points upon the surface; the capsule peels off easily and leaves a smooth surface. Iodin applied to the surface of the section turns the diseased portions a mahogany-brown color. The change in this disease is most marked in the glomeruli and the blood-vessel walls, but may be found elsewhere ; it is most fre- quently due to prolonged suppuration, bone and joint disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, malaria, and mercurial poisoning. The onset of chronic Bright's disease is usually insidious, and may only be indicated by slight puffiness of the eyelids or the ankles, shortness of breath, dull and persistent headache, disorder of vision and hebetude. The pulse is one of high arterial ten- sion, and there is hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, especially in the case of the contracted kidney; there is frequent micturition, progressive anemia, dryness of the skin, indigestion, and a ten- dency to uremia. The urine is always scanty with the large white kidney, but abundant with the other forms of the disease. The specific gravity and the reaction vary; occasionally there may be present a small quantity of blood, and albumin is always present at some period in chronic Bright’s disease. The quantity of albumin is very large in the large white and amy- loid kidneys; very slight in the contracted form. Mi- croscopically, the urine contains renal epithelium, granular and fatty matter, and tube-casts. The latter are most plentiful in the large white kidney, but are never so numerous as in acute nephritis; they are granular, fatty, and hyaline in nature. A frequent symptom of chronic Bright's disease is the so-called “albuminuric refinitis,” in which condition there are ecchymoses of the retina, together with white glisten- ing spots, most numerous near the macula lutea, and frequently arranged in lines like the radiations from a star. This is diagnostic of chronic renal disease. The prognosis of chronic Bright’s disease is bad, death eventually resulting from uremia or apoplexy, Brilliant (briſ/-yang) [Fr.]. Bright, glittering. B. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of B. Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Brim (brim) [ME., brim]. An edge or margin. Pelvis. See Pe/vis, Brimstone (brim/-stön). See Sulphur. Brine Test. See Tests, Table of Brinton's Operation. See Operations, Table of Briquet's Ataxia. See Ataxia, and Diseases, Table of. Briquettes (brié-etz/). See Pitch. Brise-coque (brez/-Kök) [Fr., “shell-breaker”]. An instrument for crushing the shell of a calculus after its inner part has been pulverized. Brisement (brez-mon (g)') [Fr.]. forcible breaking up of an ankylosis. B. of A crushing; the 237 BROMAMID Brise-pierre (brez/-/e-ár/) An old form of lithotrite. Bristle (bris/-/) [ME., briste/]. In biology, a stiff, coarse hair on certain animals and plants. A stiff feather. B.-cell, any one of the ciliated cells at the terminations of the auditory nerve-filaments. B., Den- tist’s. See AVerze-Arist/es. British (briſ/-īsh) [L., Aritanni, the original inhabit- ants of Britain]. Of or pertaining to Great Britain. B. Gum. See /Xextrin. B. Oil, a mixture of petroleum, Barbadoes tar, oil of amber, oil of juniper, oil of turpentine and linseed oil ; it is prized as a domestic remedy. Unof. Broach, Watchmaker's (brooch). A five-sided steel instrument used by dentists for enlarging the canal in the root, and the opening into a decayed cavity in the crown of a tooth. Broad (ºrod) [ME., brood). Wide; extensive. B. Land Irrigation. See Sewage, Disposal of B.- leafed Laurel. See Aa/mia. B. Ligament. See Aligament. B. Tapeworm. See Bothriocephalus /atus. Broca, “Grand Lobe Limbique " of. The cortical cerebral convolution formed by the continuation of the gyrus hippocampi with the gyrus fornicatus. This should not be confused with “Broca's Convolution,” i. e., the third left frontal. Broca's Angles. See Angle. B. Aphasia. See Dis- eases, Table of B. Area, the speech-center of the frontal convolution. B. Auricular Point, the cen- ter of the external auditory meatus. B. Center. See Center. B. Convolution. See Corzzolutions, Table of B. Fissure. See Fässures, Table of B. Plane, the alveolo-condyloid plane. A line passing from the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and through the lowest part (condyles) of the occipital bone, the shaven head being so placed that this line shall be horizontal. This is employed in cranio- cerebral topography. B. Speech-center, the folded part of the base of the third frontal gyrus. Brochus (bro'-kus) [L.]. A person whose teeth pro- ject, or one who has a prominent upper lip. Brocq's Pomade. A pomade used in lupus erythe- matosus. It consists of salicylic and lactic acids, each 3 ss; resorcin, grs. xiv.; oxid of zinc, 3 iſ ; pure vaselin, 3 xvij. Brodie’s Disease. Same as Brodie's A7tee. See Diseases, Tab/e of. Brokaw Ring (brok/-aw ring). A ring used in intes- tinal anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drain- age-tubing and threaded with catgut strands. Broken (bro/-ken) [AS., brocen, to break]. In surgery, fractured, as a bone. B. Breast, abscess of the mammary gland. B. Wind, B.-winded, in farriery, a term applied to a condition of heart-strain following severe muscular effort. It is characterized by par- [Fr., “stone-crusher ”]. B. Knee. oxysms of cardiac dyspnea. See //eaves. B.-wing Fever. Synonym of Dengue. Bromal (bro/-maſ) [300woç, a stench ; aldehyd'], CBr.CHO. Tribromaldehyd, analogous to chloral. It is produced by the action of bromin on alcohol. It is a colorless, oily fluid, of a penetrating odor, and sharp burning taste, boiling at 172°–173°; it has been used in medicine, having properties similar to those of chloral. B. Hydrate, CBrº. CHO + H2O, a fluid of oily consistence, having a structure similar to that of chloral hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than the latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy. Dose gr. j-v. Unof. Bromamid (bro/-mam-id) [6póloc, a stench ; amid]. A bromin compound of the anilid group with the formula, C.H., Br, NH. H.Br. It contains 75 per cent. BROMANIL of bromin, and is much used as an antipyretic, in Io- to I5-grain doses. Bromanil (bro'-man-il). [8pôuoç, a stench ; anilin], CeBr;O2. A compound obtained by heating phenol with bromin and iodin in water. It consists of golden- yellow, Shining leaflets or thick plates that melt and Sublime. Bromated Antifebrin (bro'-ma-fed an-te-feb/-rin). See Antisepsin. Bromatography (bro-mat-og/-ra fe) Ypáðm, a writing]. foods. Bromatology (bro-mat-o/-0-ſe) [3póua, food; %6)og, a science]. The science of foods. Bromethyl (bröm-et/-i/). See AEthyl Bromſø. Bromid, or Bromide (bro/-mid, or -mia) [3pôuoç, a stench]. Any haloid of bromin; those of calcium, iron, ammonium, potassium, and sodium are the ones mainly used in medicine. They allay nervous excite- ment, promote tranquillity, and are largely employed as sedatives. B. of Ethyl. See Hydrobromic Ather. Bromidia (bro-mid’’-e-a/.) [8póploç, a stench]. An American nostrum containing in each fluid dram chloral hydrate and potassium bromid, each gr. 15, ex- tract of cannabis indica and extract of hyoscyamus, each gr. one-half. Dose 3.j. Bromidrosiphobia (bro-mid-ros-e-fo/-be-ah) [6pôuoç, a stench ; iópág, sweat; 0630g, fear]. Insane dread of offensive personal smells, with hallucinations as to the perception of them. Bromidrosis (bro-mid-ro/-sis) [3pôuoç, a stench ; iópóg, sweat]. Osrnidrosis; an affection of the sweat-glands in which the sweat has an offensive odor. It is usu- ally associated with chronic local hyperidrosis,especially of the feet. The odor is due to a specific decomposi- tion of the sweat from the presence of the bacterium ſofidum. Bromidum (bro'-mid-um) [8póplog, a stench]. Bromid ; a salt of bromin. Bromin, Bromine, or Bromum (bro-min, or -mum) [30öuoç, a stench]. Br = 80 ; quantivalence I. A reddish-brown liquid, which, at ordinary temperatures, gives off a heavy, suffocating vapor. In its elementary form it is a very active escharotic, and internally a violent poison. It is used by inhalation and as an escharotic. Dose gtt. ij, largely diluted. The salts of bromin are cerebral and cardiac depressants, and highly valuable as hypnotics. The salts of the alkaline metals are those most commonly used. They are cerebral and spinal depressants, also alterative, anti- spasmodic, and hypnotic. Ammonii bromidum, NH1Br, prismatic crystals. Dose gr. v-xx. Auri bromidum. See Azºre/me. Calcii bromidum, Ca- Br, granular and deliquescent. Dose gr. v-gj. Ethyl bromid, C.H.; Br, useful in spasmodic coughs. Dose mux–3.j. Ethylene bromid. See Athylene. Ferri bromidi, Syr., contains ten per cent. of the [3pôpia, food; A description of or treatise on salt. Dose 3 SS—j. Lithii bromidum, Libr, granular and deliquescent. Dose gr. v-xx. Nickel bro- midum. See AVăcăe/. Potassii bromidum, KBr, colorless, cubical crystals. Dose gr. v-3j. Sodii bromidum, NaBr, colorless, monoclinic crystals. Dose gr. v-3.j. Zinci bromidum, ZnHr, granular, deliquescent powder. Dose gr. 34—ij. Brominism, Bromism (bro/-min-izm, bro/-mizm) [3pôuoc, a stench]. Certain peculiar phenomena produced by the excessive administration of the bromids. The most marked symptoms are headache, coldness of the extremities, feebleness of the heart’s action, somnolence, apathy, anesthesia of the soft palate and pharynx, pallor of the skin, and a peculiar eruption of acne which is one of the earliest and most 238 |BRONCHIECTASIS constant symptoms. There is also anorexia with loss of sexual power and atrophy of the testes or mam- mae. The patient may become almost imbecile. Bromo-Caffein (bro-mo-ka/-e-in) [bromin, caffein]. A proprietary effervescing preparation containing caf- fein. It is used for the relief of headaches. Bromochloralum (bro-mo-Alo-ra/-um) [8pôuoç, a stench; chloral J. A proprietary antiseptic and disin- fecting compound, containing the bromid and chlorid of aluminum. Bromoform º -mo-form) [3póplog, a stench ; forma, form], CHBr3. A bromid having a structure like that of chloroform, CHCls; it is an active anesthetic. Its use is not followed by vomiting. It causes irrita- tion of the conjunctiva and respiratory organs. It is used in whooping-cough in doses of gtt. ij-v in a mix- ture of wine and water. Unof. . Bromography (bro-mog/-ra-fe). Same as Bromatog- 7"aphy. & Bromoiodism (bro-mo-3'-o-dizm) [Bromism, iodism]. Poisoning by bromin and iodin compounds together. Bromol (bro/-mol), CsPI, Br,0H. Tribromophenol; an antiseptic substance used in the form of a powder, solu- tion (I : 30 olive oil), or ointment (I: Io). Internally it is used in cholera infantum and typhoid fever. Dose gr. Fo-#. Unof. Bronchadenitis (brongé-ad-en-i/-tis) [3póyºta, the bronchial tubes; 30%v, gland; (Tig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the bronchial lymphatic glands. Bronchaphrosia (brongé-aſ-ro'-ze-ah) [606)2(ta, bron- chial tubes; appóg, foam). Obstruction due to the presence of froth in the bronchioles. Bronchi (brong/-ki) [606).20g, the windpipel. The two tubes into which the trachea divides opposite the third dorsal vertebra, called respectively the right and the left bronchus. * Bronchia (brong/-ke-ah) [8póyzog, the windpipe). The bronchial tubes, especially those that are smaller than the two bronchi. Bronchial (brong/-ke-al) [806), oc, the windpipe). Relating to the bronchi or to their branches, or to the Smaller air-passages in the lungs. B. Arteries, branches of the thoracic aorta, three or four in num- ber. They are the nutrient vessels of the lungs. See Arteries, Table of B. Catarrh, the simplest form of acute inflammation of the bronchi. It is the so-called “cold on the chest.” The feeling of oppression and constriction, with slight mucous discharge, is due to hyperemia and Swelling of the mucous membrane of the larger bronchi. B. Fluke. See Distoma ringeri. B. Glands, the chain of glands running beside the bronchi. They frequently undergo pathologic enlarge- ment and give rise to a group of symptoms—cough, pain, spasmodic dyspnea, dysphagia, and change in the voice. The enlargement is usually tuberculous in nature. Bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek/-fas-is) [606) roc, the windpipe; ŠkTaguc, dilatation]. A term denoting the dilatation or relaxation of the walls of the bronchi, arising from inflammation and other causes. It is very rare as a primary condition, but is frequently associated with Some chronic pulmonary disease. It occurs most frequently in pulmonary tuberculosis at the apex of the lung, but is also frequently seen in the bronchi at the base of the lung. It may involve a tube uniformly for some distance, producing the cylin- drical form ; or it may occur irregularly in sacs or pockets, the sacculated form. If the whole lung be involved in the change we have produced the so-called turtle lung. The characteristic symptom of bron- chiectasis is paroxysmal coughing, with the expectora- tion of large quantities of muco-purulent, often fetid, BRONCHIOCELE matter. Cavernous breathing will be heard over the dilated tubes. - Bronchiocele (brong/-ke-o-sel) [bronchioſus, a little air passage; KffW), tumor]. A swelling or dilatation of a bronchiole. Bronchiole (brong’-ke-à/) [dim. of bronchus]. of the smallest subdivisions of the bronchi. Bronchiolitis (bron-Ae-o-º/-ſis) [bronchiolus, a little bronchus; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the bronchioles. B. exudativa, an inflammation of the bronchioles, with exudation. Curschmann's theory of the production of bronchial asthma. Bronchiostenosis (brong-ke-o-ste-mo/-sis) [3póyxog, the windpipe; otévôg, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus or of any one or more of the bronchial tubes. . Bronchitic (brong-ki/-ić) [3póyzoc, the windpipe). Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with, bronchitis. Bronchitis (brong-ki/-tis) [606).20ſ, the windpipe; tric, inflammation].- Inflammation of the mucous mem- brane that lines the bronchial tubes. It is usually attended with Soreness, cough, alteration of the voice, and febrile symptoms. B., Acute, a severe form of simple bronchial catarrh. It is the initiatory stage of One the other forms of the disease, and is usually the re-, sult of a chill, though it may be associated with some other disease, as the exanthemata, and affections of the kidney and heart. Sibilant and Sonorous rhonchi and bubbling rāles may be heard on auscultation. B., Acute Capillary, a variety in which there is an involvement of the minute tubes of the lung. It is most frequently met with in children, usually secon- darily to other diseases of the lung or other organs. The symptoms are urgent—dyspnea, short, irritating cough, nervous depression, and excited action of the heart. Collapse of portions of the lung frequently occurs, and the patient may die of asphyxia and ex- treme exhaustion. B., Catarrhal, a form attended with profuse muco-purulent discharges. B., Chronic, a form occurring either as an independent disease or as the result of repeated attacks of the acute variety. It is generally associated with organic changes in the lungs and other organs, such as emphysema, bronchiec- tasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and pleurisy. Occurring in old people, it produces the well-known “winter cough '' of the aged. B., Croupous, Fibrinous, or Plastic, a rare variety attended with the expectora- tion of casts of the bronchial tubes, after a paroxysm of dyspnea and violent coughing. The casts are fibrinous in nature, hollow, yellowish-white, and vary from one to seven inches in length. This form of bronchitis is usually seen in males, and be- tween the ages of ten and thirty. B., Mechanical, or Potter's, a form caused by the inhalation of dust, etc. B., Potter's. See B., Al/echanical. B., Putrid, or Fetid, a variety of chronic bronchitis characterized by the discharge of a copious, half-liquid, extremely offensive sputum. The peculiar odor is thought to be due to a microörganism, especially to a short, slightly- curved bacillus described by Lumnitzer. B., Sum- mer. Synonymous with Hay Rever, g. v. Bronchlemmitis (brong-Alem-2'-tis) [806) roc, the wind- pipe; Aéupta, a skin']. Croupous bronchitis. Bronchoacgophony hº'-o-ne). See Bron- choegophony. - Bronchocele (brong’-ko-sel, or -seſ-le) [8póyyog, the windpipe; Khºm, a tumor]. See Goiter. Bronchocephalitis (brong-ko-seſ-aſ-if-tis). of Whooping-cough. Bronchoegophony (brong-ko-e-goff’-o-me) [3póyxoc, the windpipe; aiš, a goat; jová, a voice, sound]. Bronchophony combined with egophony. Synonym 239 Broncho-vesicular BRONCHUS Broncholemmitis (brong-ko-lem-i/-tis). See Bronch- /emmitis. Broncholith (brong/-ko-lith) [8póyroc, the windpipe; Žiffog, a stone]. A calculus or concretion formed in a bronchial tube. Bronchomycosis (brong-ko-mi-ko/-sis) [306).20c, the windpipe; Airmg, a fungus]. The growth or presence of fungi in a bronchial tube. Bronchopathy (brong-kop/-a-the) [326).306, the wind- pipe; Táffoç, disease]. Any disease of the air- passages. Bronchophonic (brong-ko-ſon/-ä) [3póyzog, the wind- pipe; pová, a voice]. Relating to bronchophony. Bronchophony (brong-koff’-o-ne) [3póyzog, the wind- pipe; pová, the voice]. The resonance of the voice within the bronchi as heard through the stethoscope. It is normally present over the lower cervical spines, in the upper inter-scapular region, and over the sternal portion of the infra-clavicular regions. B., Whis- pered, bronchophony elicited by causing the patient to whisper. Bronchophthisis (brong-ko-thi’-sis) [3póyxoſ, the windpipe; ºffiouſ, a wasting]. Pulmonary tubercu- losis characterized by extensive lesions of the bron- chial tubes. Bronchophyma (brong-ko-fi/-mah) [606).20ſ, the air- passage; pipia, a growth.J. Any growth, as a tuber- cle, in a bronchial tube. Bronchoplasty (brong/-Ko-plas-fe) [3póyroc, the tra- chea ; Tââogetv, to form]. The surgical closure of a tracheal fissure or fistula. Broncho-pneumonia (brong-ko-nze-mo/-ne-ah) [3póy- 2:og, the windpipe; Tveipzov, the lung]. Lobular pneumonia, a term applied to inflammation of the lungs, which, beginning in the bronchi, finally in- volves the parenchyma of the lungs. This disease is most frequently encountered in children, but may occur in old age. Three varieties are described : I. A simple, acute form, following a severe bronchial catarrh. 2. A secondary form, occurring after whoop- ing-cough or some general febrile infective disease. 3. A rare suppurative form, with the formation of abscesses throughout the lung. The patient suffering with broncho-pneumonia presents the following symp- toms: dyspnea, cough, fever, often high, restlessness, and occasionally marked cerebral symptoms. If con- valescence be not properly guarded relapses are likely to occur. The physical signs vary greatly, and are often not marked. The course of the disease is generally chronic, and the prognosis must be guarded. Bronchorrhagia (brong-Kor-a/-je-ah) [3póYºog, the bronchus; b)yvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the air-passages. Bronchorrhea (brong-Kor-e'-a/) [606) roc, the bron- chus; héety, to flow]. A form of bronchitis attended with profuse expectoration. Bronchostenosis (brong-ko-ste-mo/-sis) [6pó) roc, the windpipe; orévôſ, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus. Bronchotome (brong’-ko-ſam) [3póyroc, the windpipe; Téuvetv, to cut]. An instrument for cutting the larynx or trachea in the operation of bronchotomy. Bronchotomy (brong-Koº-o-me) [806) roc, bronchus; téplvety, to cut]. A surgical cutting-operation upon the bronchus, larynx, or trachea. Broncho-tracheal (brong-ko-tra’-ke-a/) [3póYaoc, the bronchus; Tpareia, the windpipe). Relating to a bronchus (or to both bronchi) and to the trachea, (bron-ko-ves-i}/-u-lar) [3pó) roc, the bronchus; vesicula, a vesicle]. Both bronchial and vesicular. See Breath-Sound's, Zable of. Bronchus (brong/-kus). See Aronchi, BRONSON'S METHOD Bronson’s Method. See Treatment, Methods of Bronze (bronz) [bronzium, bronze]. An alloy of cop- per and tin. B. John, a popular term for Yellow Pever, y, w. B. Liver, a dark reddish-brown or olive-black color of the liver, seen in post-mortem ex- aminations of certain cases of chronic malarial poisoning. Bronzed (bronzd) [bronzium, bronze]. Tanned; of a bronzed color. B. Skin, a symptom of Addison's Disease. B.-skin Disease. See Addison’s Disease. Brood (brood) [ME., brood]. In biology, offspring; progeny. B.-cells, in cell-division, the mother- cells inclosing the daughter-cells. B.-food, a highly nitrogenous tissue-forming pap, derived by bees from pollen by digestion. Brooke's Ointment. An ointment for treating lupus. It is composed of oxid of zinc and powdered starch each 4 ounce; white vaseline 9% ounce; hyd. oleatis (five per cent.) one ounce; salicylic acid 20 grains; ichthyol 20 minims; oil of lavender q. S.; enough red Armenian bole and raw umber may be added to match the color of the skin. Broom (broom). See Scoparius. Brosimum (bro/-sim-um) [8pógic, food]. A genus of moraceous trees of S. America. B. galactoden- dron, the Venezuelan cow-tree; its milky sap is nutritious, and yields both a cheesy food and a wax (galactin) serviceable for candles. Broth (broth). See Bouillon. - Brother Ulcer (bruth/-er uſ’-ser). See Donda Maſugu. Brousnika (broos/-ne-Åah ) [Rus.]. The berries of red whortleberry, red bilberry (Vaccinium vitis idea), used in the form of a decoction in Russia for the relief of rheumatic affections. Unof. Broussaisism (brºis-a/-īzm) [Broussais, a French phy- sician]. The physiologic, pathologic, and therapeutic doctrines taught by J. V. Broussais. Broussaism (brås-a/-ä2m). See Broussaisism. Brow (brow) [ME., browe]. The forehead; the upper anterior portion of the head. B.-Ague, neuralgia of the first division of the fifth cranial nerve, com- monly met with in malarious districts, though at times occurring independently of such surroundings, and then dependent upon some diathesis, especially the gouty. B. Presentation, presentation of the fetal brow in labor. See Fetus, Position of Brown (brown) [ME., brown]. A dark reddish-yel- low color. B. Atrophy, an atrophy of a tissue asso- ciated with a deposit therein of a brown or yellow pigment. B. Coal. See Coal and Zignite. B. Crown, in dentistry, an artificial, all-porcelain crown, which is attached to a natural root by means of an iridio- platinum pin baked in position. The pin has the greatest strength at the neck of the tooth, where the strain is heaviest, and this strength is further in- creased by extending the porcelain upon the pin. B. Edema. See Adema. B. Induration of Lung, a state of the lung due to long-continued congestion, usually arising from marked incompetency or from constriction of the mitral valve. The lungs are en- larged and do not collapse on opening the thorax, and have a peculiar tint of yellow shading into a brown or reddish-brown; a brownish fluid exudes on pres- sure. The color is due to pigment-granules in the epithelial cells of the air-vesicles. B. Madder. See Aºgmen/s, Conspec/us of B. Mixture. See Mistura ferri composita and Glycyrrhiza. B. Ointment, the unguendum ſuscum, N. F.; called also unguenºume matris, or “mother’s salve.” It is composed of “brown plaster,” two parts; oil, one part; suet, one part. B. Pink. See Pigments, Conspectus of B. Plaster, the emplas/rum ſuscum camphoratum, N. F.; 240 BRUIT called also emp/astrum matris “camphorated mother's plaster;' pharmacy. It is made of red oxid of lead, thirty parts; oil of olives, sixty parts; yellow wax, fifteen parts; camphor, one part. B. Study. See Ceno- spudia. B. Wort, the plant Brunella vulgaris, pop- ularly reckoned a good vulnerary, as well as a cure for sore-throat. Unof. Brown's Operation. See Operations, Zable of. Browne's Operation. See Operations, Zable of Brownian Movement. An oscillation or agitation ob- served under the microscope in very fine granules, drops, etc., when suspended in a liquid. The move- ment is not locomotion, and is to be distinguished from that of the self-motility of living microörganisms. Its cause is not definitely known, but it may be due to heat, light, electricity, osmosis, etc. See Pedesis. Brownism (brown/-izm). See Brunonian Theory. Brown-Sequard's Combination of Symptoms. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of B. Disease. See Diseases, Table of B. Method of Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. B. Paralysis. See Dis- eases, Zable of Bruch, Clusters of. See Gland, Aggregated, of Bruch. B., Glands of. See Gland. . Brucin (bru/-sin) [Arucea, a genus of shrubs], Cºsłłos- N.O. A poisonous alkaloid found in Strychnos nux vomica and in Strychnos ignatius. It crystallizes in prisms containing 4H2O, and melts at I78°. Its taste is exceedingly bitter and acrid. Its action on the animal economy is similar to but much less power- ful than that of strychnin. See AVux Vomica. Brücke’s Berlin Blue Mass. A warm-flowing mass for injecting tissues. It is made as follows: potassium ferrocyanid, 217 gm.; water, IOOO c.c.; ferrous chlorid I part; water IO parts. Take equal volumes of these solutions and add to each twice its volume of a cold saturated solution of sodium sulphate. Add the iron solution to the ferrocyanid solution, with constant stirring. Filter and wash the precipitate with the filtrate until it runs through clear, then wash with water until the filtrate runs off blue. Dry the precip- itate. To a concentrated solution of this blue add enough gelatin to make a firm jelly when cold. Heat to 60° C. and filter through flannel. B.'s Fluid, potassio-mercuric iodid, employed in the precipitation of proteids. B.'s Method, a method of removing all the proteids from a substance. Acidulate the liquid with HCl, and then add to it a solution of potassio- mercuric iodid, made by saturating with mercuric iodid a boiling solution of potassium iodid. B.’s Muscle. See Muscles, Zable of B.’s Reagent. See Tests, Table of B.'s Red Mass, a material for injecting the body. A concentrated solution of potas- sium ferrocyanid is injected into the artery until it runs clear from the vein. Then as much as possible is allowed to drain away. Next a concentrated solu- tion of cupric sulphate free from iron is injected. By this method the red cupric ferrocyanid is precipitated in the vessels. B.’s Test. Same as B.’s Reagent. Bruise (brooz). See Confusion. Bruit (bru-e') [Fr., a noise or report]. A term used by French physicians to designate the various specific sounds of auscultation. B. d’airain, Trousseau's term for the ringing note heard through the stethoscope applied to the chest wall when a coin is struck against another pressed against the surface of the chest on the opposite side. It is pathognomomic of a collection of gas in the pleural cavity. B. de clapotement, a splashing sound often heard in cases of well-marked dilatation of the stomach when pressure is made upon the abdominal walls. It is best elicited when the camphoratum, or official in German 3. BRUNET patient is in the recumbent position, with relaxed abdominal walls, by palpating near the left border of the ribs. The same sound can be produced by shak- ing the patient (bruit de glou-glou). B. de braque- ment, a crackling sound. B. de cuir neuf, the new- leather murmur of the French ; the creaking quality occasionally heard in pericardial friction-sounds. B. de diable, a venous murmur, of a whistling or rush- ing character, arising in the bulb of the common jugu- lar vein, and due to such diseases as anemia, lead- poisoning, etc.; it is more common in the young, and is caused immediately by the vibration of the blood flow- ing from the narrow part of the common jugular vein into the wide, bulbous portion of the vessel. See also Murmur. B. de galop, a cantering rhythm of the heart frequently heard in mitral stenosis, in which three distinct heart-sounds are audible. It is due to a reduplication of the second sound. See also Gallop Ahythm. B. de glou-glou. See A. de clapote- ment. B. de lime. See B. de scie. lin, water-wheel sound ; a peculiar friction-sound mixed with splashing and gurgling, heard in pneumo- hydropericardium. B. d’oboe, a musical heart-mur- mur. B. de pot félé, the cracked-pot sound. B. de parchemin, a rattling, as of parchment. B. de råpe. See Bruit de scie. B. de rappel, a sound resembling the double beat upon a drum. This doubling of the heart-sounds may be noted in different stages of chronic interstitial nephritis, when it is the first sound that is duplicated; and in mitral stenosis, when the second sound is doubled. B. de scie, a murmur sounding like that made by a saw or file. Also called B. de répe and B. de lime. B. skodique, an amphoric note heard in the pleural cavity, especially near the apex anteriorly, when there is a fluid accumula- tion not filling the whole of the plural sac. Also called Skoda’s tympany. B. de soufflet, a bellows- murmur. B. de soupape, a flapping sound. B. de de va et vient, a to-and-fro friction-sound. Brün's Operations. See Operations, Zable of Brunet, or Brunette (bru-met/) [Fr.]. I. Of a dark complexion. 2. One with a dark complexion. Brüning's Red. Same as Rosanilin. Brunissure (brun-is-wr/) [Fr., brunisseur, that which browns]. A disease of the grape, attacking the leaves only, caused by Plasmodio pora vitis. (Viala and Sau- vageau). Also called Braune. Brunner’s Glands. See Glands. Brunonian Movement. See Brozyrzianz Mozement. B. Theory, brownism; a doctrine taught by Dr. Brown (1735–88) that both physiologic and pathologic phenomena are due to variations in a natural stimulus, its excess causing sthenic and its deficiency producing asthemic diseases. Brunswick (brunz/-wik) [Ger.]. A town in Germany. B. Black. Same as Japan A/acé. B. Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Brush (brush) [ME., brusshe]. An instrument con- sisting of a collection of some flexible material fas- tened to a handle. In surgery, various forms of brush are employed; as the acid brush, of glass threads; the electric brush, a form of electrode ; the laryngeal brush; the nasal, Aharyngeal, and stomach brush. See also Pencil. 2. A thicket of small trees. B.-burn, the injury produced by violent friction, and the resulting heat; it often resembles a burn or scald. B.-cells. See Cell. Bryant, Ampulla of See Ampaella. Bryant's Line. See Lines, Table of B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of B.'s Operations. See Operations, Table of B.'s Triangle. See Triangles, Table of 241 B. de mou- BUCCAL Bryce's Test. A test to determine if systemic infection has taken place after vaccination. It consists in repeat- ing the inoculation during the evolution of the vaccine disease. If systemic infection has occurred, the sec- ond inoculation will mature rapidly, so as to overtake the first. Brygmus (ºrig/-mus) [3püypióc, biting]. Same as Odon- Zoprisis. Bryology (bri-o/-o-je) [3püov, a moss; Aéyetv, to speak]. The science of mosses. Bryonia (ºri-o'-ne-a/.) [3pwovia, bryony]. Bryony. The root of A. alba and B. dioica, indigenous to Europe, with properties due to an intensely bitter glu- cosid, Aryozzin, Cºsłłs,C16, a strong irritant when applied to the skin or mucous membrane, often pro- ducing vesication. It is a remedy of great value in pleurisy, pleuro-pneumonia, and rheumatic fever, and an excellent agent in colds. Dose of the powdered root gr. x-xxx. B., Infusum (unof.), has a strength of 3.j to the Oj of water. Dose 3 ss—ij. B., Tinct., a IO per cent. Solution of the root in alcohol. Dose mu v-3 ss. Bryonin (bri-o'-min) [3pwovía, bryony]. A precipitate from the tincture of Aryonia alba, useful as a hydra- gogue, and in rheumatism and bronchial affections. Dose gr. ii-V4. Unof. See Bryonia. Dose as a drastic purgative, gr. 96–9%. Bryony (bri’-o-me). See Aryonia. Zamzzes. Bryoplastic (bri-o-plas/-tić) [3ptov, moss; Tââogetv, to form]. A descriptive term loosely applied to such abnormal growths of tissue as resemble vegetable forms. Bryoretin (bri-o-re/-fin) [3pvovia, bryony; 67Tivn, resin). A resin-like substance obtainable from the glucosid bryonin. Bubaline (buſ-baſ-in) [buba/imus, pertaining to the Özabalus, buffalo]. In biology, resembling or pertain- ing to the buffalo. Bubby (bub/-e) [E. dial.]. I. A vulgar name for the mamma. 2. A local name for . Calycanthus ſloridus. Bubo (bu’-bo) [3ov;3óv, the groin]. Inflammation and Swelling of a lymphatic gland, properly and generally of the groin, and usually following chancroid, gon- orrhea or syphilitic infection. B., Parotid. See Parotitis. B., Primary, a slight adenitis of the groin due to mechanical irritation, or other cause; formerly supposed to be due to syphilis without a chancre having preceded. B., Sympathetic, one caused by irritation, friction, injury, etc., and not arising from an infectious disease. Bubonadenitis (bu-bon-ad-en-º’-ſis) [60V6%), the groin ; ãóñv, a gland; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of an inguinal gland. B. Black. See Bubonalgia (bu-bon-a/-je-a%) [800861, the groin ; ãAyoc, pain]. Pain in the inguinal region. Bubonic (bu-bon/-ić) [flowſ%), the groin]. Relating to a bubo. B. Plague. Synonym of the Z’’ague, g.º. Bubonocele (bu-bon/-o-sel) [60w861, the groin ; Kf7 iſ, tumor]. Inguinal hernia when the gut does not ex- tend beyond the inguinal canal. Bubononcus (bu-bon-ong’-Kus) [60w861, the groin ; öykoç, a tumor]. A swelling in the groin. Bubonopanus (bu-bon-o-pa/-nus) [3ov6óv, the groin ; Távog, torch]. An inguinal bubo. Bubonulus (bu-bon/-ºf-ſus) [L., dim. of buboj. Lym- phangitis of the dorsum of the penis, often with abscesses; due to chancroidal virus. Bucca (buk/-ah) [L.]. I. The mouth ; the hollow of the cheek, or its inner surface. 2. The vulva. Buccal (buk/-al) [bucca, the cheek]. Pertaining to the cheek. B. Coitus. See /rrumation and AWame- I6 BUCCINAL 24 Jess Crime. B. Glands. See Gland. B. Teeth, the teeth behind the canines are so called because they are situated on the inside of the cheeks. In the human subject they are the bicuspids and molars. Buccinal (buk/-sin-al) [6vkávm, a trumpet]. In biology, trumpet-shaped. Buccinator (buk/-sin-a-for) [6vkāvm, a trumpet]. The thin, flat muscle of the cheek. See Muscles, Table of Bucco (bu//-0). Same as Buchte. Bucco-labial (buk-o-la/-be-a/) [bucca, the mouth; labium, a lip]. Pertaining to the mouth and lip. B. Muscle, the buccinator. See Muscles, Table of Bucco-pharyngeal (buk-o-far-in/-je-a!) [bucca, the mouth ; flápvāş, the pharynx]. Relating to the mouth and to the pharynx. Buccula (bu//-u-la/) [L., dim. of Öucca, the cheek]. The fleshy fold seen beneath the chin, and forming what is called a double chin. Buchanan's Operations. See Operations, 7 able of Buchu (buſ-Au) [native African]. The leaves of several species of Barosma, yielding a volatile oil, to which its properties are probably due, and a bitter extractive, Barosmin, Dose gr. j-v. It causes a sensa- tion of glowing warmth over the body, stimulates the appetite, and increases the circulation. It is useful in urethritis and affections of the genito-urinary mucous membrane. Dose of the leaves, gr. xv-xxx. B., Ext., Fld. Dose mix—3.j. B., Infusum (Unof.), 3j to Oj. Dose 3 ss—ij. B., Infusum (B. P.). Dose 3 j-iv. B., Tinctura, (B. P.) Dose 3.j—ij. Buck's Apparatus. An apparatus consisting of a weight and pulley for applying extension to a limb. B. Fascia, the superficial perineal fascia. B. Method. See Treatment, Methods of B. Opera- tions. See Operations, Table of Buckbean (buk/-bên) Bog-bean. The rhizome of Menyanthes trifoliata, tonic, antiscorbutic, and em- menagogue. It has been recommended as a vermi- fuge, and has been used in functional amenorrhea. Dose of flá. ext, muv-xxx. Unof. Bucket Fever (biº-et ſe/-ver). See Fever. Buckeye Bark (bu//-i baré). The bark of Æsculus g/abra, astringent and tonic, and serviceable in rectal irritation, prolapsus, and various uterine derange- ments. Dose of flá. ext, gtt. iij-v. Unof. Buckhorn (bu//-horn). The horn of a buck. When powdered or calcined, it is used by dentists for polish- ing enamel, and fillings, and for removing light de- posits of tartar. B. Fern, a fern, called also royal fern, Osmunda regalis ; it is vaunted as a cure for rickets. Unof. Buckle-shell (buk/-/-shel) [New Eng. dialect]. A recently moulted lobster; also called paper-shell lobster, June lobster, or sand-lobster. Bucko (bu//-o). Same as Buchu. Buckthorn (buk/-thorn). See Frangula. fornia. See Cascara Sagrada. Bucku (buk/-w). Same as Buchu. Buckwheat (bu//-hwet). The seed or grain of Fago- Żyrum esculentum and of other species of the same genus. It is used to some extent as a substitute for the true cereals. In theory, it takes a high rank as a food; but its free use tends to constipation, indigestion and headache, and especially to a peculiar roughness and itching of the skin. The flowers of the plant af. ford rich bee-pasturage, but the honey is inferior. Buchemia (buń-me/-me-a/.) [80i, increase ; kvåum, the leg]. Inflammation of the leg characterized by tense- ness and swelling; elephantiasis; also phlegmasia dolens. B. Tropica. See Z/eſ/antiasis arablem. Bud (bud) [ME., budde, a bud]. In biology, the unde- veloped germ-state of a leaf or flower. B., Cali- BULBAR Budd’s Disease. See Diseases, Table of Budding (bud/-ing) [ME., budden]. In biology, a form of reproduction or cell-division, occurring among the polyps and infusoriae, in which a bud is given off by the parent and comes to resemble the latter. The bud may remain permanently attached or may form a colony, each member acquiring a differentiation of function, even to the formation of male and female ele- ments. The process is also called Gemmation, g. v. Budge’s Center. See Center. Buffalo Rubin (buſ'-a/-o ru/-bin). See Pigments, Con- spectus of Buffers’ Consumption (buſ/-erz com-sump'-shum). The phthisis occurring among metal-polishers. Buffy Coat (buf/-e-Köt). A grayish or buff-colored crust or layer sometimes seen upon a blood-clot, after phlebotomy, and once looked upon as a sign of inflam- mation. It is caused by the partial subsidence of the red blood-corpuscles. Bufidin (bu’-fid-in) [bufo, the toad]. Phrynin; an alkaloid from the venom of the toad; it is poisonous, and said to resemble digitalin in its effects. - Bufoniform (bat-ſon/-iſ-orm) [buſo, a toad; forma, shape). In biology, toad-like. - Bugbane (bug/-bān). See Cimicifuga. - - Buggery (bug/-en-e) [OF., bougre, an heretic]. Sodomy; bestiality. Bugleweed (buſ-g/-wed). The herb, Lycopus virgini- cus, narcotic and astringent. Dose of fla. ext. 3 SS- ij. Zycopin, concentrated extract. Dose gr. j—iv. Unof. Buhach (bu/-hatch) [Serbo-croatian for flea-bane; buha, a flea). The plant Ayrethrum cinerariafolium. See Ansect Pozyder. - Buhl's Disease. See Diseases, Table of Bulam, or Bulama Boil (bu'-law, or bu-Jam/-a/, boil). A boil occurring on the African island of Bulam; probably caused by a burrowing-worm or insect- larva. B. Fever, a West-Africa coast fever, said to be identical with yellow fever. Bulata (bul/-at-ah). See Aalata. Bulb (bulb) [80%óg, a bulb). I. The expansion or dilatation of a canal or vessel. 2. Applied to the oblongata and pons. 3. A short underground stem covered with fleshy leaſ-bases or fleshy leaves, as the onion and Squill. B. of Aorta, the dilatation of the aorta near its beginning. B. of Corpus Cavern- osum, the muscle beneath the bulb of the urethra. B. of an Eye, the eyeball. B. of Fornix. See Corpora. B. of a Hair, the swelling at the root of a hair. B., Olfactory, the expanded end of the narrow olfactory lobe, commonly called olfactory nerve or first cranial nerve. B. of a Tooth, the papilla that forms the germ of a tooth. B. of Urethra, the posterior expanded part of the corpus spongiosum penis. B. of the Vagina, a small body of erectile tissue on each side of the vesti- bule of the vagina, homologous to the bulb of the urethra of the male. B. of Vena Jugularis, the dilatation at the beginning of the external jugular Vell). Bulbar (buſ-bar) [602969, a bulb]. Bulbous. Pertain- ing to the medulla. B. Disease, or Paralysis, a term applied to the progressive and symmetrical paral- ysis of the facial muscles about the mouth, including those of the tongue, pharynx, and sometimes those of the larynx. This paralysis is due to a disease of the motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata; an acute and a chronic form are met with. The acute form is due to hemorrhage or softening; the chronic to degenera- tion. The chronic form is insidious in its approach, the tongue often being the first organ involved; the º BULBI VESTIBULI course is slow but progressive, and death usually results in from one to four years. Bulbar paralysis usually occurs after forty years of age. Syphilis is not a predisposing cause. The disease is also called Mabio-glosso-laryngeal Paralysis. There is also a pseudo-bulbar paralysis, due to symmetrical lesions of the motor cerebral cortex. Bulbi vestibuli (buſ'-bi ves-fib/-u-ā) [L.]. sometimes given to the glands of Bartholin. Bulbil, or Bulblet (buſ/-biſ, bul/-let) [80%96g, a bulb]. Small bulbs of fleshy buds frequently occurring on above-ground parts of plants, as the bulblets of some onions and of the tiger-lily. Bulbillae (bul-biſ/-e) [bulbillus, dim. of bulbus, a bulb). In biology, gemmae of hydroid zoöphytes that become detached at an early stage, and are then capable of independent development. Bulbo-cavernosus (bul-bo-Kav-ern-o/-sus) [80%96g, a bulb ; caverna, a cavern]. A perimeal muscle in the A name male subject, corresponding to the sphincter vaginae of the female. See Muscles, Table of Bulbo-urethral (bul-bo-w-reth/-ral) [80%6óg, a bulb ; oùpñffpa, the urethraj. Relating to the bulb of the urethra. Bulbus (bul/-bus) [L.]. A bulb. B. arteriosus; in a certain stage in the development of the heart, the upper aortic enlargement is so called. . B. cornu pos- teriorus. See Occipital Zminence. B. rhachidicus, the oblongata. Bulesis (bu-le/-sis) [60%mouc, the will]. The will, or an act of the will. Bulimia (bu-lim/-e-ah) [800, increase; Alpióg, hunger]. Excessive, morbid hunger; it sometimes occurs in idiots and insane persons, and it is also a symptom of . diabetes mellitus. Bulimic (bu-lim/-ä) [60i), increase; Apóg, hunger]. Pertaining to or affected with bulimia. Bulithos (bu’-lith-os) [800g, ox; Žiffog, stone]. A bezoar from the ox or the cow. Bulla (bul/-ah) [bulla, a bubble: ž/., Bullae]. A bleb or “blister,” consisting of a portion of the epidermis detached from the skin by the infiltration of watery fluid. The bulla differs from the vesicle mainly in size. B. ethmoidalis, a rounded projection into the middle meatus of the nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid cell. B., Hemorrhagic. See Purpura. B. ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the bony external meatus of the ear. Bullate (bºil/-ät) [Öu//a, a bubble]. Inflated; forni- cated and with thin walls; blistered ; marked by bullae. Bullet Extractor (bit/-et exºs-traž/-tor). Bullous (bù/-us) [bulla, a blister]. of the nature of a bulla. Bully's Toilet Vinegar. A cosmetic consisting of tincture of benzoin, I.O ; acetic acid, 4.O; Cologne water, IOO.O. Bully Tree (bit/-e-tre). See Forceps. Marked by bullae; See Balaža. Bulopeithia (bu-lo-pi/-the-ah) [8ovāń, will; Teiffew, to persuade]. An exaggerated hopefulness or morbid expectation of that which is desired. Bumastos (bu-masſ-tos) [80ic, large (ox); uaoróg, breast]. A very large or hypertrophied mamma. Bumble Foot (bum/-bl foot). A disease of poultry, appearing as a wart-like substance growing in the ball of the foot. It is caused by high perches or by con- stant walking on cement or stone. Bump (bump) [origin uncertain]. Any one of those eminences of the external surface of the skull that are conceived by phrenologists to mark the localities of the various “organs” of the brain. Bumstead's Operations. See Operations, Table of 243 BURNER Bundle (bum/-a/) [ME., bundeſ]. In biology, a fasci- cular grouping of elementary tissues, as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers. B. of Vicq d'Azyr, a thick bundle of nerve-fibers arising in the more caudad of the two median nuclei of the corpus candicans of the brain, and extending to the anterior tubercle of the thalamus. It was formerly called the fornix descendens. B.- sheath, “In many plants a ring of cells, often with strongly-thickened and lignified walls, developed only on the outside of the bast, or around the entire bundle, or around the whole mass of fibro-vascular bundles.” (Thoma.) Bunion (bum/-yun) [origin uncertain]. A swelling of a bursa of the foot, especially of the great toe. Bunodont (buſ-no-dont) [3ovvóg, a hill, mound ; bºđvg, tooth]. Pertaining to tuberculate molar teeth. Bunsen Burner. See Aze?”ze”. B. Cell. See Ce/Z. Bunt (bunt). See Smut. Buphthalmia (baſſ-tha/-me-ah), or (bāf-tha/-mos) [3oic, ox; Aeratoglobus. Bupleurum (bu-p/u/-rum) [L]. A genus of umbelli- ferous herbs. Several old-world species were formerly employed in medicine, especially B. rotundifolium, of which the leaves and fruit are considered vulnerary and discutient. Unof. Bur, or Burr [ME., burre, a bur]. I. In botany, a rough, prickly shell or case. 2. The lobe of the ear. 3. In dentistry, an instrument for polishing the teeth. B. Drills, dental instruments of spherical, cone-shape, cylindrical, and wheel-forms, for opening and form- ing cavities. Flexible burs and drills having spring- tempered stems are used for opening and preparing nerve canals. B. Thimble, in dentistry, an open ring for the middle or index finger, with a socket attached, in which rests the end of the handle of the drill used in excavating a cavity in a tooth, preparatory to filling it. Burckhardt's Operation. Burcquism (booré/-ism). See A/eſa/otherapy. Burdach, Column of. See Azazziczeńes craneatus and Column. B., Cords of, the cords formed in the dorsal zone of the human spinal cord by the meeting of the oval bundles of His below the cords of Goll. B.'s Fissures. See Fissures, Zable of. Burdock (ber/-dož). See Zappa. Burdwan Fever (berd”-wan fe/-ver). See Fever. Buret, or Burette (bu-ref/) [Fr.]. A graduated tube designed for measuring small quantities of a reagent. It is usually held vertically in a stand and provided with a stopcock. Burggrave's Apparatus. Same as Seattin’s Appara- fres, with the addition of a layer of wool around the limb. Burgundy Pitch. See Pix. Burking [Burke, a noted criminal]. Suffocation pro- duced by a combination of pressure on the chest with closure of the mouth and nostrils. This was the method employed by Burke. Burmah Boil. A form of endemic ulcer common in Burmah. Burmese (ºur-mez/) [native]. Pertaining to Burmah, a province of Farther India. B. Lacquer. See Zacquer. B. Ringworm, Fox’s name for a severe and troublesome form of Tinea circinata. Burn [ME., bermen, to burn]. I. To become inflamed. 2. To be charred or scorched. 3. To have the sensa- tion of heat. 4. An injury caused by fire or dry heat. 5. A disease in vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to oxygenize. 7. In surgery, to cauterize. Burner [ME., bermen, to burn]. A common name for a lamp or heating apparatus used in laboratories Buphthalmos Öpffažuág, eye). See See Operations, Table of BURNETT'S DISINFECTING FILUID for chemic and pharmaceutic purposes. B., Argand, uses gas or oil, and contains an inner tube for Sup- plying the flame with air. B., Bunsen, a form in which the gas is mixed with a sufficient quantity of air to produce complete oxidation before ignition. Burnett's (Sir W.) Disinfecting Fluid. A strong so- lution of zinc chlorid (gr. xxv to 3.j of water) with a little iron chlorid. This is added to one quart of water for use. It is serviceable as an antiseptic and deodor- izer, and as a preserver of dead bodies. Burning (bern/-ing) [ME., bermen to burn]. Consum- ing with heat or fire. B. of the Feet, a neurotic af. fection of the soles of the feet, common in India. B. Oil, kerosene. The different burning oils are graded according to the two standards of color and fire-test. The colors range from pale-yellow (stand- ard white) to straw (prime white) and colorless (water white). The fire-tests to which the commercial oils are mostly brought are IIo9 F., I2O8 F., and 150° F.; that of IIo° going mainly to the continent of Europe and to China and Japan, and that of I2O% to England. An oil of 150°F. fire-test, and water- white in color, is known in the trade as “headlight oil.” An oil of 300° F., fire-test, and specific grav- ity .829 is known as “mineral sperm,” or “mineral colza oil.” “A”yronaphtha '' is a product of Rus- sian petroleum, somewhat similar to mineral sperm oil. It has a specific gravity of .865, and a fire-test of 265° F. B. Point, in testing petroleum oils, the temperature at which a spark or lighted jet will ignite the liquid itself, which then continues to burn. This point is usually 6° to 20° C. higher than the flash- point, but there is no fixed relation between the two. Burnisher [ME., burnischen, to polish]. An instru- ment used in polishing different kinds of metals, and in the laboratory of the dentist, for finishing pieces of dental mechanism. Burns, Ligament of. The falciform process of the fascia lata. Burns's Amaurosis. also Amaurosis. Burnt [ME., bermen, to burn]. See Amblyopia, Post-Marital; Scorched; injured by dry heat. Consumed by fire. B. Alum. See Alu- men exsiccatum. B. Sponge. See Spongia usta. B. Ocher. Same as Ocher. Burow's (von) Operations. See Operations, Zable of. B. Veins, small veins joining the portal and general circulations. Burra Gookeroo (bur/-ah gook/-er-oo) [E. Ind.]. The spring carpels of Tribulus Manuginosus, a plant of the guaiacum order growing extensively throughout the East, and largely used as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. It has been employed for the relief of nocturnal emissions and impotence. Dose of the fluid extract muxx—l; of the infusion 3.j-ij; of the syrup (for children) 3 SS-j. Burras Pipe (bur/-as pip) [burra, coarse-hair; M.E., pipe). A port-caustic. Burring (bur/-ing) [ME., borre, a harshness in the throat]. Rhotacism ; in stammering, the mispronun- ciation of the letter r. B. Engine, a dental appliance for the use of burs, etc., in forming cavities, etc. See Alen/a/ Angine. Burrow (bur/-o) [ME., borow, a hole]. I. To make a hole or furrow, as in the skin; said of the itch insect. 2. To force a way through, as pus through the tissues. Burrowing (bur/-o-ing) [ME., borow, a hole]. The term given to the passage of pus through the tissues, after the formation of an abscess that has not burst or been evacuated by surgical methods. i Bursa (bur/-sah) [bursa, a purse : pl. , Bursa']. A small sac interposed between parts that move upon one 244. BUTTER another. B. anserina, a pouch situated between the long internal lateral ligament and the lower inter- nal hamstring tendons. B. colera, the gall-bladder. B. cordis, the pericardium. B. fabricii, “A glan- dular organ existing in both sexes and all species of birds; most developed in young birds, more or less atrophied in adults; it opens on the dorsal wall of the cloaca, into the lowest chamber of that organ.” (Forbes.) B. mucosae, a bursa situated in sub- cutaneous areolar tissue. B., Plantar, a bursa situ- ated over the instep, either above or below a tendon. B., Popliteal, a bursa situated in the popliteal space between the tendon of the semimembranosus and the tendon of the inner head of the gastrocnemius, where they rub against each other. B., Prepatellar, a bursa situated over the patella and over the upper part of the patellar ligament. B., Synovial, found be- tween tendons and bony surfaces. B. vaginalis, the synovial sheath. - Bursal (bur/-sal) [bursa, a purse]. bursa, Sac, or follicle. Bursalogy (Öur-sa/-o-je) [bursa, a purse; 7.6).og, sci- ence]. The science or study of the bursae ; the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the bursae. Bursera (bur/-ser-ah) [Burser, a German botanist]. A genus of tropical trees, several species of which afford resinous gums. A. acuminata affords caranna; A. £omentosa furnishes tacamahac. Burseraceous (bur-ser-a/-se-us) [Burser, a German botanist]. Pertaining to or resembling the genus Aursera. Bursiculate (bur-sik/-u-lat) [bursicula; dim, of bursa, a purse]. In biology, pouch or purse-like, or possessing a bursa. - Bursiform (bur/-siform) [bursa, a purse; forma, form]. Resembling a bursa. Bursitis (bur-si'-tis) [bursa, a purse; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of a bursa. B., Tornwaldt's, catarrhal inflammation of the anterior portion of the median recess of the naso-pharnyx. Bursula (bur/-su-la/.) [dim. of bursa, a purse]. A small bursa ; the scrotum. Burton's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of Busch's Operations. See Operations, Table of B.'s Version, in obstetrics, direct version, the head being grasped by one hand; while the other hand pushes the breech of the child upward, the head is pulled down into the cervix. Bushmaster (bush/-masſ-er). See Zachesis. Busk, Diameter of. In craniometry, the auriculo- bregmatic diameter. B., Horizontal Plane of. See A/azze. Butalanin (bu-ta/-an-in). [butyl, (NH,)O,. . a-amidoisovaleric acid; shining prisms that sublime without fusing. found in the pancreas of the ox. Butcher's Operations. See Operations, Table of Butea (bu/-te-ah) [John, Earl of Bute (1713-92)]. A genus of leguminous tropical trees and shrubs. A. frondosa and B. superba afford Bengal Kino (see Kino); also called Butea Gum. B. Gum. See Aïreo. Butter (but/-er) [butyrum, butter]. The fatty part of the milk obtained by rupturing the cells of the fat- globules by “churning ” or mechanical agitation. Also, various vegetable fats having the consistency of butter, as B. of Cacao. See Theobroma. Also applied to certain chemical products having the appearance or consistence of butter, as B. of Anti- mony, antimonious chlorid; B. of Tin, stannic chlo- rid; B. of Zinc, zinc chlorid. See, also, Acid, Autyric. B.-and-Eggs. See Antirrhinum lizzaria. Pertaining to a alazzin], CsPig- it consists of It is BUTTERIN B.-fat. I. The oily portion of the milk of mammalia. 2. The fatty portion of butter, made up of the gly- cerids of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids (the so- called insoluble acids), and the glycerids of butyric, caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (the so-called soluble acids). The average proportion of the in- soluble acids present in butter-fat is 88 per cent., and the average proportion of the soluble acids from five to six per cent. This gives a very important means of distinguishing between a natural butter and oleo- margarin. The pure fat has a sp. gr. of from .910 to .9I4, and its melting-point varies from 85° to 92°F. B.-fly, a winged pledget or tampon of cotton for vaginal application. B.-fly Lupus. Synonym of Dupus erythematosus. B. Kidney. See Amyloid Azamey. B.-nut. See /uglans. Butterin (but’-er-en) [butyrum, butter]... An artificial substitute for butter, made principally of beef-fat. See Oleomazgarin. Buttocks (but/-uks) [ME., buttok]. The nates. The fleshy part of the body posterior to the hip-joints, formed by the masses of the glutei muscles. Button (ºut/-um) [ME., boton]. See Furunculus orien- talis. B., Amboyna. See Frambesia. B., Belly, the navel. B., Biskra, the Aleppo Ulcer. B., Cor- rigan's, a steel button-shaped cautery-iron, introduced by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1802-80). B.-bush, the bark of Cephalanthus occidentalis, a tonic, febrifuge, and diuretic. Dose of flá, ext. 3 SS—j. Unof. B.-hole, Mitral. See Arunnel, MitraZ. B.-hole Operation. See Boutonnière Operation and Operations, Table of B.-lac. See Lac. B.-maker’s Chorea. See Chorea. B.-scurvy, a disease of privation, apparently similar to sibbens or to yaws. B.-snakeroot, the root of Liatris spicata, and of Eryngium yuccaſolium ; a stimulant, tonic, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose of fla. ext. 3 ss—j. Unof. Butyl (bu'-til) [butyrum, butter], C, Ho. A hydro- carbon alcohol radical, that cannot be isolated, and that occurs only in combination with other radicals. B. Chloral. See Chloral butylicum. B.-chloral Hydrate. See Chloral butylicum. Butylamin (bu-tiſ/-am-in) [butyrum, butter; amin]. Any primary amin of butyl. The butylamin of cod- liver oil is said to be one of its medicinal con- stituents. - - Butylene (buſ-fil-en) [butyrum, butter], CHs. A hydrocarbon belonging to the olefin series. It exists 245 BYTHUS in three isomeric forms, all of which are gases at ordinary temperatures. Butyric Acid (bu-tir/-i}). See Acid, Butyric. Butyrin (bu'-tir-in) [butyrum, butter], CsPIs(C, H.O.)a. A constant constituent of butter, together with olein, stearin, and other glycerids. It is a neutral yellowish liquid fat, having a sharp, bitter taste. Butyrone (bu'-tir-on) [butyrum, butter], C.H.O. Dipropyl ketone. The principal product of the distil- lation of calcium butyrate. It boils at 144° and at 20° has a sp. gr. of .82. Buxin (buks/-īn) [buxus, the box-tree]. Bibirin; be- beerin; pelosin; the alkaloid of AVectandra. It is a white, amorphous powder with a persistent bitter taste; very insoluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol and chloroform. Dose of it or its salts, from grains three to six in pill-form. It is used as a febrifuge. Unof. Buxton's Apparatus. See Anesthetic. Buxus (bu.ks/-us) [L., the box-tree]. A genus of trees affording boxwood. B. sempervirens, the common box or box-tree of Europe and Asia. Its leaves, wood, and oil have been employed in medicine. Unof. Buzzi's Operation. See Operations, Zable of Byrd’s Method. See Artificial Respiration. B. Operation. See Operations, Table of Byrne's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Byrsa (bur/-sah). Same as Bursa. Bysma (biz'-mah) [3iaga, a stopper; plug: pl., Bys- mata). A plug or tampon. Byssaceous (bis-a/-she-tes) [3üagog, a variety of flax]. In biology, composed of fine flax-like threads. Byssinosis (bis-in-o’-sis) [3igoog, cotton, flax ; vögog, disease]. A diseased condition of the lungs due to the inhalation of cotton-dust in factories. Byssocausis (bis-o-Aaw'-sis) [3iagog, cotton; kaiotç, a burning]. Cauterization by the moxa ; moxibustion. Byssogenous (bis-oj/-en-zes) [3toaoc, cotton; Yév/g, producing]. In biology, producing a byssus. Byssus (bis/-us) [3iogog, cotton, flax]. I. Charpie, lint, or cotton. 2. The hairy growth of the pubic region. 3. In biology, a bunch of silky filaments secreted by the foot, in several molluscs. A name formerly given to the mycelium of large fungi. B. Gland. See Glazed. Byssys (bis/-īs) [8tagog, flax]. Gland. See Gland. Bythus (bit//-us) [8v866, the depth]. The lower or vesical portion of the abdomen. Same as Byssus. B. C. The chemic symbol of Carbon. Abbreviation of cent:grade. c.c. Abbreviation of cubic centimeter. cm. Abbreviation of centimeter. C. M. Abbreviation of cras mane, to-morrow morning. C. N. Abbreviation of cras mocte, to-morrow night. Caballine Aloes (AEab/-al-in al/-3s). See Aloes. Cabbage (AEa/-ä). See Brassica. C. Rose. See Rosa centifolia. C., Skunk, a fetid plant of N. America, Symplocarpus foetidus. Its tincture and fluid extract are prescribed as antispasmodic and antasth- matic. Unof. C.-Tree. See Azza'ira. Cabinet (AEab/-in-et) [Fr., a closet]. A closed compart- ment. C., Pneumatic. See Aºzezz/eaſſic. Cacaemia (AEas-e'-me-ah or Æak-e'-me-a/). See Cacemia. Cacaemic (AEas- or Áak-em/-ić). See Cacemic. Cacain (£ak-a/-in) [Nahuatl, cacauatl, cacao]. bromin, g. v. Cacalia (Żak-a/-le-a/.) [Kakažía, a plant, colt'sfoot (?)]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs, many species of which have been used in medicine. C. suaveolens, is the sweet centaury of N. America. Unof. Cacanthrax (Āaž-an/-thražs) [Kakóg, bad; &vöpaś, a coal]. Contagious anthrax. See Anthrax. Cacao (Áak-a/-o). See Theobroma. C. Butter, oleum theobromae is obtained from seeds or nibs of 7%eo- broma cacao. It is a pure white fat, with a pleasant odor and taste; it fuses at 86°F. (30°C.); its specific gravity is .945 to .952. It is used in cosmetics, and for pharmaceutic preparations. See also Theobroma. Cacaphthae (AEa/*-af’-the) [Kakóg, bad; diſp0a, an erup- tion]. Malignant or cachectic aphthae. See Aphtha. Cacation (kak-a/-shun) [cacatio, a going to stool]. Def- ecation ; alvine discharge. Cacatory (ka/-at-o-re) [cacatio, a going to stool]. At- tended with diarrhea ; as a cacatory fever. Caccagogue (Aak/-a-gog) [Kákkm, dung; &yoyáç, lead- ing]. I. Aperient; laxative. 2. An aperient, espe- cially an ointment or suppository that induces gentle purgation. [Archaic.] Cacemia (AEas-e'-me-ah, or Aak-e'-me-ah) [Kakóc, bad; alua, blood]. An ill-condition of the blood; de- pravity of the blood. Cacemic (AEak-em/-īA) [Kakóg, bad; alua, blood]. Asso- ciated with or suffering from cacemia. Cacesthesis (AEak-es-the’-sis) [Kakóg, bad; aloffmotº, sen- sation]. Morbid sensation. Cachaemia (Aak-e'-me-ah). See Cacemia. Cachectic (Aak-ek/-tic) [Kakóc, bad; Étg, a habit]. Ill- conditioned : marked by cachexia. C. Aphtha. See Aphtha. Cachelooma (Āaž-el-Áo/-mah) [kakóg, ill; 8%kóga, ulcer: pl., Cache/comata]. A malignant or foul ulcer. Cachemia (Aak-e'-me-ah). See Cacemia. Cachet (Aa-sha/) [Fr.]. A pharmaceutic preparation consisting of two concave pieces of wafer, varying in size from 34 to 19% inches in diameter, round or oblong in shape, in one of which the powder to be administered is placed, and the other, having pre- viously been moistened, is then laid over the powder and the two margins are pressed together, when they adhere and completely enclose the powder. C. de Pain. Same as Cached, ſy. V. Cachexia (Aak-eks/-e-ah) [Kakóg, bad; 8:0ſ, a habit]. A term used to designate any morbid tendency, dyscrasia, depraved condition of general nutrition, or impoverishment of the blood, etc. It is applied par- ticularly to scrofulous, syphilitic, or carcinomatous Theo- 246 C CACOGENESIS patients. It is characterized by emaciation and a peculiar sallow or muddy complexion. C. africana, dirt-eating : geophagy. A disease supposed to be identical with miners’ anemia. C. aquosa, a dropsical and anemic state. C. icterica, jaundice. C., Lymphatic. Synonym of Hodgkin’s Disease. C., Negro. Same as C. africana. C., Pachyder- mic. See Myxedema. C. strumipriva, the con- dition allied to if not identical with myxedema, following the extirpation or arrest of function of the thyroid gland. It is a cretinoid state, characterized in monkeys by hebetude, malnutrition, muscular tremor, puffy edema, leukocytosis, and the presence of mucin in the blood and connective tissue. C. thyreopriva. See Myxedema. C. virginum. See Chlorosis. Cachexy (Áak-eks/-e). See Cachexia. Cachibou (kash-e-boo"). See Chibou. Cachinnation (£ak-in-a/-shun) [cachimnare, to laugh loudly]. Immoderate laughter, as in the insane. Cachou (kash-oo') [Fr. for “catechu ’’]. An aromatic pill or tablet for concealing the odor of the breath. Cachunde (Aa-chun/-de) [Sp.]. An oriental electuary used as a breath-perfume, and also as a stomachic and carminative. Unof. Cacocholia (Aak-o-ko'-le-ah) [Kakóg, ill; 20%, bile]. A morbid condition of the bile. Cacochroia (AEać-0-kroi'-ah) or Cacochroea (%ak-o- Åre/-ah) [Kakóg, bad; Apotá, color]. A bad complex- ion; unnatural color of the skin. Cachochylia (kak-o-ki/-e-ah) [Kakóg, bad; xvAóg, juice]. Imperfect or disordered digestion. Cacochymia (AEaž-o-Aime/-e-a/.) [Kakóg, bad; 2 vuóg, juice]. A morbid state of the fluids, humors, blood, or secretions; faulty stomachic digestion. Cacochymic (Aak-o-Aim/-īk) [Kakóg, bad; ºvuòg, juice]. Affected with cachochymia; dyspeptic. Cacocnemia (AEaž-oé-ne/-me-ah) [Kakóg, ill; kvågm, leg]. Thinness or ill-condition of the leg or shin. Cacocolpia (kak-o-ko/-pe-ah) [Kakóc, ill; K6%toc, va- gina]. A diseased state of the vagina. Cacodemon (Aak-o-deſ-mon) [Kakóc, ill; daiuov, spirit]. An old name for a supposed besetting evil spirit; also, the nightmare. Cacodemonia (kak-o-de-mo/-ne-ah) [Kakodatuovía, pos- session by an evil spirit]. Supposed possession or obsession by an evil spirit. Cacodemonomania (AEaž-o-de-mo-no-ma/-ne-ah) [kako- Öatuovía, possession by an evil spirit; uavía, madness]. A delusional belief, on the part of a patient, that he is possessed of a devil. Cacodontia (kak-o-don/-te-ah) [Kakóc, bad; bøoffg, tooth]. A bad condition of the teeth. Cacodyl (kak/-o-di/) [Kakóc, bad; 6&clv, to smell; {\m, matter], As(CH3)2. Kakodyl; dimethylarsin; a radical containing arsenic, hydrogen, and carbon. It is a colorless, heavy liquid, with an extremely offen- sive odor, and poisonous vapor; it is inflammable when exposed to air. Its protoxid is called alkarsin, Q. v. Cacoesthesis (Aak-o-es-the-sis). See Cacesthesis. Cacoèthes (kak-o-e'-thez) [Kakóc, bad; #60c a habit]. Any bad habit, disposition, or disorder. Cacogalactia (Aak-o-gal-a/-te-ah) [Kakóg, bad ; Yá%a, milk]. A bad or abnormal condition of the milk. Cacogastric (Aak-o-gas'-trié) [Kakóc, bad ; Yao Tàp, the stomach]. Dyspeptic. Cacogenesis (kak-o-jen’-es-is) [Kakóg, bad; yévêotſ, for- mation]. Any morbid, monstrous, or pathologic growth or product. - CACOGLOSSIA Cacoglossia (kak-o-glos/-e-ah) [kakóc, evil; YWöcoa, the tongue]. Gangrene of the tongue. Cacolet (4a/-o-/a) [Fr.]. A mule-chair or horse- pannier for the transportation of the wounded. Cacomorphia (Aak-o-mor/ſe-a/ ) [Kakóg, bad; poppſ, form]. Malformation; deformity. Cachonychia (Aak-o-mik/-e-a/) [Kakóc, bad; 6vvč, nail]. Disease or defect of a nail or of the nails. Caconym (AEa/-o-mim) [Kakóg, bad ; 6voua, a name]. An undesirable or objectionable name, e.g., in biologic nomenclature or terminology. . - Cacopathy, or Cacopathia (Aak-off’-a-the or Aak-o- path/-e ah) [Kakóg, bad; Táffog, illness]. Any severe, malignant, or untoward condition or disease. Cacophonia (kak-o-fo'-ne-a/, ) [Kakóg, bad; pová, voice]: An altered, depraved, or abnormal voice. Cacophonic (kak-o-ſon/-ić) [Kakóc, bad; pová, voice]. Affected with cacophonia. Cacoplastic (£ak-o-plas/-tić) [cakóg, bad; Taoróg, formed]. I. Characterized by or adapted to a low degree or kind of organization. 2. Relating to, causing, or attended with defective formation ; liable to be changed into an abnormal tissue. Cacopragia (Aak-o-pra/-je-ah) [Kakóg, bad; Tpáooetv, to doj. Functional derangement, as of nutritive pro- cesses, or of organs. - Cacoproctia (Aak-o-proA:/-te-a/, ) [Kákm, gangrene; Tpoktóg, anus]. A gangrenous state of the rectum. Cacorrhachis (ka-kor/-rak-is) [Kakóc, ill; báxic, spine]. A diseased state of the vertebral column. Cacorrhinia (AEaž-or-in/-e-ah) [kakóg, ill; big, nose]. Any diseased condition of the nose. Cacosmia, or Kakosmia (kak-oz/-me-ah) [Kakág, foul; ôopuff, Smell]. A repugnant or disgusting smell. C., Subjective, a disturbance of the olfactory nerve or center, from hysteria or from other disease, giving rise to the perception of an offensive smell. Cacosomium (Æa4-o-so/-me-um) [Kakóc, bad; oºga, body]. A hospital for leprosy and other incurable diseases. Cacospermia (kak-o-sper/-me-ah) [Kakóc, ill; otépua, seed]. Any diseased state of the semen. Cacosphyxia (Aak-o-sfićs/-e-ah) [Kakóg, ill; a piºuſ, pulse]. A disordered state of the pulse. Cacostomia (Aak-o-sto/-me-ah) [Kakóg, ill; otóua, mouth]. Any diseased or gangrenous state of the mouth. Cacothanasia (Aak-o-than-a/-ze-ah) [Kakóg, bad; 6ávarog, death]. A painful death. Cacothelin (£ak-oth/-el-in) Cº., H.,NO,o. An alkaloid produced from brucin by the action of HNO3, Cacothymia (Aak-o-thim/-e-ah) [Kakóg, bad; (hypºc, mind.]. A disordered state of the mind or disposition; mental disorder with moral depravity; insane malig- nity of temper. Cacotrophia (Aak-o-tro/-fe-ah). Same as Cacotrophy. Cacotrophy (AEaž-of/-ro-ſe) [Kakóg, bad; Tpépetv, to , nourish]. Disordered or defective nutrition. Cacozyme (kak/-o-zim) [Kakóg, bad ; ſūm, a ferment]. A disorganizing, putrefactive, fermentative, or patho- genic microörganism. Cactina (Āać-fi/-mah) [Kákrog, a prickly plant]. A proprietary preparation said to be a proximate prin- ciple derived from night-blooming cereus (Cereus grandflora, and C. mexicana). It is a cardiac stimu- lant recommended as a substitute for digitalis. Unof. Cactus (&a/-tus) [Káktoç, a prickly plant]. A genus of plants. C. grandiflorus. See AVight-blooming Cereus. C. Nipple. See Mammillaria. Cacumen (kak-u/-men) [L. : pl., Cacumina]. I. The top, as of a plant. 2. The culmen of the vermis su- perior of the cerebellum, 247 CADMIUM Cadaver (kad-av’-er) [cadere, to fall]. The dead body, especially that of man. A corpse. C. Tubercle, anatomic wart. A peculiar circumscribed hyper- plasia of the papillary structures of the skin occurring chiefly on the dorsal surface of the hands and fingers of persons who are in the habit of handling dead and decomposing bodies. Cadaveric (AEad-av-er/-i/) [cadere, to fall]. Pertaining to the cadaver or dead body. C. Alkaloids, Atomaînes, q. v. C. Ecchymoses, certain post- mortem stains, closely resembling in their general appearance the effects of bruises or contusions. They occur, both externally and internally, on the lowest and most dependent parts of the body. They are also called hypostases, Sugillations, and vibices. C. Spasm, the early, at times instantaneous, appear- ance of rigor mortis, seen after death from certain causes. It is also called instantaneous rigor and tetanic rigidity. Cadaverin (AEad-az/-er-in) [cadere, to fall], C.H.I.N. A ptomaine, isomeric with neuridin, and, like it, occurring very frequently in decomposing animal tis- sues. It is obtained from human hearts, lungs, livers, etc., after three days’ decomposition at ordinary tem- perature, also from horseflesh, from putrid mussel, from herring and haddock. It is a constant product of the growth of the comma-bacillus, irrespective of the medium. It does not occur in culture-media from which bacteria are absent. It is a thick, water-clear, syrupy liquid, having an exceedingly unpleasant odor, Somewhat resembling that of coniin and semen. It is certainly identical with so-called “animal coniin.” Putrescin and cadaverin were both formerly believed to be physiologically indifferent; but recent investiga- tions show both bases capable of producing active inflammation and necrosis. The necrosis of the in- testinal epithelium in Asiatic cholera seems due to their presence. They also have the power, even in small quantities, of preventing blood from coagulating, and rendering it “laky.” Cadaverin is believed by Grawitz to hinder the growth of bacteria. Cadaverin hydrochlorid, on dry distillation, decomposes into ammonium chlorid, NHS HCl, and piperidin, C. Hu N. Whether or not this change, whereby the non-poison- ous cadaverin becomes a toxic base, can take place under the influence of bacteria during putrefaction, is not known. Cadaverization (kad-av-er-iz-a'-shun) [cadere, to fall]. The passage of a living body to the state of a cadaver. Applied to the algid and cyanotic stage of cholera. Cadaverous (Åad-av’-er-us) [cadere, to fall]. Resem- bling a cadaver; ghastly ; of a deathly pallor. Cade (Ääd) [a Languedoc name]. See /uniperus. C., Oil of (o/eum cad’inum), a tarry oil from the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus, it is used in the treatment of skin-diseases. Cadet’s Fuming Liquid. See A//arsin. See Tests, 7able of Cadiva Insania (kad-i/-zah in-sa/-ne-ah) [L.]. ing insanity; an old name for epilepsy. Cadlock (Kad/-lok). Wild mustard, Brassica sinafis- treamz. See Brassica. Cadmium (&ad/-me-um) [Kaduta, calamin]. Cd = II2; quantivalence II. A bluish-white metal resembling zinc in its general properties. Only the sulphate and iodid are used in medicine. In its physiologic action it is escharotic and astringent, producing in large doses emesis and violent gastritis. See AE/ements, Zable of C. iodidum, CdI2, used as an ointment, I to 8 of lard, C. sulphas, CdSO,.4H2O, a valuable astringent in gonorrhea and in corneal opacities; used in a lotion in strength of gr. J4 or 4 to 3.j of C.’s Test. Fall- CADUCA water, or as an ointment I to 40 of fresh lard. Unof. C.-Red. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. C.-Yellow. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Caduca (Āad-du/-kah) [cadere, to fall]. C. Passio. See Caducus Morbus, Caducibranchiate (Äad-u-se-brang’-ke-āt) [caducus, falling off; branchiae, gills]. In biology, applied to such amphibia as lose the gills or branchiae upon reach- ing maturity. Caducicorn (kad-uſ-se-korn) [caducus, falling off; cornu, horn]. In biology, applied to animals that shed their horns or antlers. Caducity (Áad-du/-sit-e) [caducitas, senility]. Senility; the feebleness of advanced age. Caducous (Åad-u/-kus) [caducus, falling off]. In biology, the shedding or falling off of certain parts, as gills, antlers, horns. Dropping off very early, as compared with other parts. Caducus Morbus (AEad-du/-Aus mor/-bus) [L.]. ing sickness; an old name for epilepsy. Caecal (se'-4a/). See Cecal. Caecitas Verbalis. See Word-blindness. Caecitis (se-si'-tis). See Cecitis. Caecum (se/-kum). See Cecum. Caenaesthesis (cen-es-the'-sis). See Cemesthesis. Caenogenetic (se-no-jen-et/-ić) [Kalv6c, recent; yévêqug, generation]. In biology, the appearance of a new character very late in the course of development. This usually arises from comparatively recent varia- tions of the type-form. Caeruleus (se-ru/-le-us) [L.]. blue disease. See Cyanosis. Caerulosis (se-ru-/o/-sis). See Cyanosis. Caesalpinia (ses-a/-pin/-e-a/) [L. J. A genus of tropi- cal leguminous trees. C. bonducella. See Bondu- cella. C. moringa has a diuretic bark. All unof. Caesarean Operation (se-sar/-e-an). See Cesarean. Caesium (se/-se-um). See Cesium. Caffea (AEaſ’-e-a/) [L.]. The seeds of C. arabica. The dried and roasted seeds are almost universally used in infusion as a beverage, forming a cerebral stimulant and stomachic tonic. They are valuable in promoting digestion and allaying hunger and fatigue. Coffee frequently causes excessive palpitation of the See Decidua. Fall- Sky-blue. C. morbus, heart. Its properties are due to an alkaloid, Caffein, CŞHoN, O, H,C), identical with 7%ein. See Tea. Dose of the alkaloid gr. j—v. C. citrate. Dose gr. j—v. C. valerianas, for nervous vomiting in hysteria. Dose gr. j—iv. Ext. Caffeae Viridis Fld. Unof. Intended as a substitute for the Fluid Extract of Guarana. Dose 3 ss—ij. See Guarana. Injectio Caf. Hypodermatica, one grain of caffein in three minims. Dose mi–vi. Caffein (AEaſ/-e-in) ſcaffea, coffeel. CsPiloN.O., + H2O. Thein ; an alkaloid that occurs in the leaves and beans of the coffee-tree, in tea, in Paraguay tea, and in guarana, the roasted pulp of the fruit of Paul/inia sorbi/is. It occurs in long, silky needles, slightly soluble in cold water and alcohol, with a feebly bitter taste. It is a cerebral and spinal stimulant. See Caffea. C. citrata, citrated caffein, prepared by dissolving equal weights of caffein and citric acid in double the quantity of hot distilled water. Dose gr. ii-x. C. citrata effervescens, effervescent citrated caffein. Dose gj—ij in water. C.-iodo1, a crystalline addition- product obtained by mixing alcoholic solutions of caffein and iodol in molecular proportion. It contains 74.6 per cent. of iodol and 25.4 per cent. of caffein, and is a light-gray, odorless, tasteless, and nearly in- soluble compound. iodol. Unof. 248 It is proposed as a substitute for CALAGE Caffeina (ka-fe/-in-ah). See Caffein. Caffeinism (AEaſ-e'-in-izm) [caffea, coffee]. Chronic coffee-poisoning; a train of morbid symptoms due to excess in the use of coffee. Cagot (Aah-go’) [Fr.]. I. A member of an outcast race or clan in the S. W. of France; formerly regarded as lepers. 2. (By error) a cretin. C. Ear. See Bar Peformities. Cahinca, or Cainca (kah-hing/-kah) [native S. Ameri- can]. The diuretic root of Chiococca racemosa, C. densifolia, or C. angleifuga, rubiaceous shrubs of tropical America. Unof. Cahn and V. Mering’s Method. A method of esti- mating the amount of acids in the stomach. It con- sists in distilling the contents of the stomach with water three times. The volatile acids are estimated in the distillate. The residue is shaken six times with 500 c.c. of ether, and this is evaporated to dryness, and the lactic acid estimated by titration. The residue contains the HCl, and this also can be estimated by titration. Cailcedra (kāl-se/-drah) [origin unknown]. I. The Ced. rela odorata, a large tree of tropical America. The bark and wood are used in intermittent fevers; a fragrant oil (cedar-wood oil) is distilled from the wood. The tree also affords a resin. 2. The Åhaya senegalensis of Africa and tropical America, a tree that closely re- sembles the foregoing. Cailletet's Test. See Tests, Table of Caillian's Test. See Tests, 7able of Caisson Disease (AEa/-son diz-é2/). The symptoms due to increased atmospheric pressure sometimes occurring in divers, caisson workers, etc. Paraplegia, hemi- plegia, anesthesia, or apoplectic attacks are common, but paralysis of the legs is the most frequent symptom, coming on only after return to the normal atmosphere. The nature of the lesion is obscure. Cajeput Oil (AEaj/-e-put oil). See Cajuputi, oleum, Cajuputene (caj-u-pu-ten/) [Malay], Cio Hig. The principal constituent of cajeput oil; it is a liquid of an agreeable odor. Cajuputi, Oleum (Aaj-u-pu'-te, 5/-e-um), [Malay, “white wood; ” oleum, oil]. Oil of Cajuput. A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Me/a/euca Meußadendron. It resembles oil of turpentine in its general effects, being irritant externally and produc. ing a sense of warmth internally, with accelerated pulse. It is used with benefit for flatulent colic, dropsy, hysteria, and cutaneous disorders; it also relieves toothache. Dose muj-v. C., Spiritus (B.P.). Dose SS—l. cºol (Aaj-u-puſ-tol) [Malay, Cajuputi, white wood]. The more limpid part of oil of cajuput; it is found also in some other fragrant volatile oils. Cake Colors (ÄäA Auſ'-org). See Pigments, Colors, and Pyestuffs. Caked (kāād) [ME., cake]. Compressed or hardened into a solid mass. C. Breast, a breast in a puer: peral woman in which the milk has become hardened and inspissated. C. Bag, in cows, an inflammation of the mammary gland. Calabar Bean (Āa/-aē-ar ben). See Physostigma. Calabarin (kal-ab/-ar-in) [Calabar]. An alkaloid from Calabar bean, apparently acting much like Strychnin. Caladana (kal-ad-a/-nah). See Aaladana. Caladium (kal-a/-de-um) [L.]. . . A genus of large- leaved araceous plants. C. bicolor, of Brazil, is anthelmintic and cathartic. Various other species are employed locally in medicine. Unof. - - Calage (kal-ahzh/) [Fr., wedging]. A method of pro- phylaxis or treatment of sea-sickness by fixation of the viscera by pillows placed between the abdomen and CALAMARY the wall of the cabin and between the back and edge of the berth, the patient lying upon the side. Calamary (AEa/-am-a-re) [Kažapapu, inkstand]. Same as Cuttle-bone. Calamin (AEa/-am-in) [calamina, a corruption of cad- mia]. Native zinc carbonate. Calamina praeparata, the prepared calamin, washed and pulverized, is used mainly as an external exsiccant and astringent. On- guentum ca/amina, Turner’s cerate. Unof. Calamint, Calaminth (4a/-am-int or -minth). Any plant of the labiate genus Calamintha. The cala- mints are aromatic stimulants, with the general prop- erties of the other mints, such as pennyroyal. Unof. Calamistrum (Aal-am-is/-trum) [calamus, a reed]. In biology, one of the spines found on the hind-legs of spiders, used in arranging the silk as it issues from the spinnerets. Calamus (Åa/-am-us) [L., a reed: gen., Calami]. Sweet Flag. The rhizome of Acorus calamus. It contains a volatile oil and acorin, a bitter nitrogenous principle. The root is an aromatic, stomachic tonic, and a common ingredient of many popular “bitters.” C., Ext., Fld. Dose mu xv-3j. C., Draco, a species of rattan-palm that affords a part of the so-called Dragon's Blood (7, v.) of commerce. C. scriptor- ius (a writing pen or reed). The groove on the floor of the fourth ventricle, at the end of which is the ven- tricle of Arantius. Calapitte (4a/-ap-it), [Mex., calappa, the cacao-tree]. A concretion found occasionally in the cocoa-nut; vegetable bezoar. It is valued as an amulet in the East. Calathidium or Calathium (ka/-ath-id/-e-um or Åa/. ath/-e-um) [kážaffog, a vase-shaped basket]. In biol- ogy, applied to the flower-head in certain of the Com- positae. Calathiform (kal-ath/-īform) [kážaffog, a vase-shaped basket; forma, form]. In biology, shaped like a cup, vase, or bowl, hemispherical, or concave. Calberla’s Method. A method of imbedding micro- scopic specimens in egg-emulsion. The white of sev- eral eggs is separated from the yolks, the chalazae re- moved, and the white cut up with a pair of scissors. To each 15 parts of white add one part of a IO per cent. Solution of sodium carbonate (IO parts of cal- cined sodium carbonate to IOO parts of water). To this solution add the well-shaken yolks and again shake well. Pour the mixture into a deep vessel, al- low to settle, remove the scum, and the mass is ready for use. The specimens, after being well washed in water, are placed in this mass until permeated. They are then fastened with pins to the freshly-cut surface of a piece of hardened mass. Calcaneal (kal-ka/-me-al) [calcaneum, the heel]. In biology, relating to the heel-bone, or calcaneum, or to a tuberosity in birds, resembling the calcaneum. Calcaneo-astragalar (Kal-ka/-ne-o-as-trag/-al-ar). See Calcaneo-astragaloid, C.-astragaloid, relating to the calcaneum and the astragalus. C. -cavus, a club- foot that combines the characters of calcaneus and cavus. C.-cuboid, belonging to the calcaneum and the cuboid. C.-scaphoid, belonging to the calcaneum and the scaphoid bone. C.-valgo-cavus, club-foot combining the features of calcaneus, valgus and cavus. Calcaneum (Æal-ka/-me-um) [L., the heel]. A com- mon name for the os calcis or heel-bone. Calcaneus (Åal-ka/-me-us) [calcaneum, the heel]. Club-foot in which the heel alone touches the ground, the instep being drawn up toward the shin. Calcar (ka/-äar) [L., a spur]. I. Any spur or spur- like point, as the hippocampus minor. 2. Ergot of rye. 3. The calcaneum. C. avis, the hippocampus minor. 249 CALCIUM Calcareous (Åal-ka/-re-us) [ca/x, limestone]. Per. taining to or having the nature of limestone. C. Degeneration. See Degeneration. Calcarine (AEa/-Aar-in) [calcar, a spur]. Relating to the hippocampus minor. C. Fissure. See Fissure. Calceiform (AEa/-se-if-orm) [calceus, a shoe; forma, form]. In biology, resembling in shape a shoe or slipper, as the corolla of certain flowers. Calceolaria (AEa/-se-o-la/-re-ah) [L., like a slipper]. A genus of Scrophulariaceous plants, mostly of the Andean region. Many of the species have a high local repute as alteratives and antisyphilitics; several are emetic and purgative. Unof. .# Calcic (4a/-sié) [calx, lime]. Of or pertaining to lime. C. Inflammation of Gums and Peridental Mem- brane. Inflammation caused and maintained by deposits of calculus on the necks of the teeth. Calcicosis (Kal-sik-o'-sis) [calx, lime; v6ooç, disease]. Marble-cutter's phthisis; phthisis due to the inhala- tion of marble-dust. Calcification (AEa/-sif-ić-a/-shum) [calx, lime; fiere, to become]. The deposit of calcareous or other in- soluble crystalline matter within the tissues of the body. Calcigerous (ka/-sij/-er-us) [calx, lime; gerere, to bear]. Containing lime or a lime-salt; as the calci- gerous cells of the dentine, or calcigerous tubules in bone. Calcigrade (Kal/-sig-rád) [calx, heel; gredi, to walk]. Walking on the heels. Calcination (AEal-sin-a/-shun) [calcinare, to calcine]. The process of driving off the volatile chemical con- stituents from inorganic compounds. The expulsion of carbon dioxid from carbonates. Calcine (AEa/-sin or Æa/-sin") [caſcinare, to calcine]. To separate the inorganic elements of a substance by subjecting it to an intense heat. - Calcium (Æa/-se-um)[ca/r, lime.][gen., Calciº J. Ca = 4O; quantivalence 1 I. A brilliant, silver-white metal, the basis of lime and limestone, characterized by strong affinity for oxygen, and isolated with great difficulty. See F/ements, Zable of. It is best known in the form of calcium oxid', quicklime ; C. hydrate, slaked lime; and C. carbonafe, chalk. The preparations of lime used in medicine are usually alkaline and slightly astringent. Calcium oxid is a powerful escharotic. C. benzoas, Ca(C, HsO.), used in nephritis and albuminuria of pregnancy. Dose gr. v-x. C. car- bonate Test. See Tests, 7able of C. chloridum, CaCl, soluble in water. Dose gr. x-xx. C. chlorid., Liq. (B. P.). Dose muxv-l. Calcii bromidum. See Bromin. C. Carb. Precipitatus, CaCO3, insolu- ble in water, but soluble in acids, with effervescence. Dose gr. v-xx. C. hypophosphis, Ca, PH,O. See Phosphorus. C. Phosphas Precipit., Cas(PO). See Phosphorus. Calcis Liniment, carron oil, contains equal parts of lime-water, and olive oil. C., Liquor, lime-water, contains about I }% parts of lime in IOCO of water. Dose 3 ss—ij. C. Liq. Saccharatus (B. P.). Dose mixv- 3.j. C., Syr., saccharated syrup of lime, contains lime 65, sugar 40, water q. s. It is the antidote to poisoning by carbolic or oxalic acid. Dose 5 ss—ij. Calx, CaO, cal- cium oxid, quicklime, not used internally. C. chlorinata. See Chlorin. C. Sulphurata. Dose gr. º. Creta, native calcium carbonate; chalk. C. Mist., consists of C. pulv. comp. 20, cinnamon- water 40, water 40. Dose 3 ss. C. Preparata, chalk freed from impurities by washing and elutriation. Dose gr. v-xx. C. Pulv. Aromat. (B.P.). Dose gr. x-gj. C. Pulv. Aromat. cum Opii (B.P.). Dose gr. x–3 j. C. Pulv. Comp., compound chalk-powder. CALCULARY consists of C. prep. 30, acacia 20, sugar 50 parts. Dose gr. v–3.j. Testa praeparata, prepared oyster- shell. Unof. Dose gr. x-xx. C. trochisci, each contains prepared chalk 4 gr., acacia I, Sugar 6, with a little nutmeg. Calculary (AEa/-Au-la-re) [calculus, a stone]. to or of the nature of a calculus. Calculifragous (AEa/-ku-/i7-rag-us) [calculus, a stone; frangere, to break]. Lithotritic; breaking or redu- cing a stone in the bladder. Calculous (Aal/-Au-lus) [calculus, a stone]. ture of a calculus. Calculus (&a/-ku-/us)[dim. of calx, chalk: 2/., Calculi). A calcareous or stone-like concretion found in the blad- der, kidney, etc. C., Arthritic, a gouty concretion. C., Biliary, a gall-stone. C., Bronchial, a concretion in an air-passage. C., Cutaneous. See Milium. C., Dental, tartar on the teeth or gums. C., Fusible, a urinary calculus composed of phosphates of ammonium, calcium, and magnesium. C., Lacteal, or Mammary, a calcareous nodule sometimes obstruct- ing the lactiferous ducts. C., Mulberry, the oxalate- of-lime variety, resembling a mulberry in shape and color. C., Nasal. See Achino/ith. C., Prostatic, one in the prostate gland. C., Renal, a calculus found in the kidney, producing what has been called nephritic colic. C., Salivary, one forming in the ducts of the salivary glands. C., Uterine, an in- trauterine concretion; a wombstone; formed mainly by calcareous degeneration of a tumor. C., Vesical, one that may have originally descended from the kidney or formed primarily in the bladder. Calea (AEa/-e-a/a) [L.]. A genus of tropical American composite-flowered plants. C. Zacatechichi, a Mexican plant, tonic, antiperiodic, and a hepatic stimu- lant. Unof. Caledonia Brown. Pigment. Calefacient (Āal-e-fa/-she-ent) [L., calidus, warm; facere, to make]. I. Warming ; producing a sensa- tion of heat. 2. A medicine, externally applied, that causes a sensation of warmth. Calefactor (Āa/-e-faā’-tor) ſcaledus, warm ; facere, to make]. A warmer; a little, portable stove; a pocket stove; a chafing-dish. Calendula (ka/-en/-du-lah) [calenda, the first day of the month : gen., Calendulae]. Marigold. The flowering plant known as the garden-marigold, C. off- cinalis. C., Tinct., contains 20 per cent. of the leaves and stems. It is used exclusively as a local applica- tion to wounds, bruises, and ulcers, and has been vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. Calendulin (AEa/-en/-du-lin) [calendae, the first day of the month]. An amorphous principle obtainable from calendula. - Calentur (Aal/-en-ſºr) [Sp., calentura, heat; L., calere, to be hot]. A tropical remittent fever with delirium; formerly, a supposed fever of this kind that attacked mariners, leading them to leap into the sea. Calf [ME., ca/ft). The thick fleshy posterior portion of the leg. See Siera. C.-bone, the fibula. C.- knee. See Cente Valgum. Calices of the Kidneys (4a/-lis-ez). Plural of Calyx. The cup-like tubes of the ureter that encircle the apices of the Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys. Calico Bush (AEa/-īk-o boos/). See Aalmia. California (Aaſ-if-or/-ne-ah) [Mex.]. A western State. C. Buckthorn. See Cascara Sagrada. C. Elm. See Aremon/ia. C. Feverbush. See Garrya. C. Laurel, the leaves of Umbellularia californica, com- mon to the Pacific slope. It is recommended for nervous headaches, cerebro-Spinal meningitis, neu- Relating Of the na- See Conspectus of Pigments, under 250 CALLUS ralgia, etc. , Dose of flá, ext, gtt. x-xxx. C. Poppy. See Eschscholtzia californica. - Caligated (ka/-äg-a-led) [caliga, a boot]. In biology, applied to the booted tarsus of the typical oscine birds. Caligation (AEa/-äg-a/-shun), or Caliginosity (Áa/-ij-in- os/-īt-e). See Caligo. Calignani's Operation. See Operations, Zable of. Caligo (AEa/-ä’-go) [L.]. Dimness of vision; an Opacity of the cornea, lens, or vitreous humor. Caligula (AEa/-äg/-u-lah) [caliga, a boot]. In biology, applied to the tarsal envelop of oscine birds. Caliology É.” [Kažtá, a nest; Aéyetv, to speak]. In biology, the systematized knowledge of birds’ nests. - - Calipers (AEa/-äß-erz), [corruption of caliber]. Com- passes with curved legs; they are used in vulcanite and celluloid dental work to measure the thickness of the plate. Calipers are used also in pelvimetry, sºmetry, and other measurements of parts of the Ody. -v Calisaya (4a/-äs-a/-yah) [South America]. bark, especially that of Cºnchona calisaya. chorza. Calisthenics, or Callisthenics (AEaſ-is-them/-īās) [Kaž6ç, beautiful; offévoc, strength]. The practice of various rhythmic movements of the body and of the limbs, in- tended to develop the muscles and produce gracefulness of carriage ; light gymnastics, especially designed for the use of girls and young women. Callaway's Test. In dislocation of the shoulder the loss of from one to two inches in the vertical circum- ference of the shoulder-joint of the injured side, as determined by measuring with a tape-line over the acromion and through the axilla. This test is not reliable after traumatic swelling has set in. Callicarpa (AEa/-ä4-ar/-pah) [Kaž6ç, beautiful; Kapítóg, fruit]. A genus of verbenaceous plants. C. ameri- cana, a shrub of the U. S., called “French Mul- berry,” is used locally for skin-diseases and for dropsy. Unof. C. bonplandiana, of South America, and C. cana, C. lanata, and C. rheedii, of the E. Indies, are similarly employed. All unof. Callisection (Aal-is-eº/-shun), [callus, insensibility; sectio, a cutting]. Painless vivisection. Callisen's Operation. See Operations, Table of Callitriche (&al-iº/-rié-e) [Kaž6ç, beautiful; 6pić, hair]. A genus of aquatic herbs. C. heterophylla and C. verna are diuretic; these and other species afford a mucilage employed as a hair-dressing and they are used in domestic practice for making poultices. Unof. Callosal (Aal-of-sal) [callosus, hard]. Pertaining to the corpus callosum. Callose (ka/-äs), [callosus, thick-skinned, hard]. In biology, having hardened spots or protuberances. Callositas (Āal-osſ-it-as). See Callosity. Callosity (cal-os/-īt-e) [callus, hardness]. Callositas, Tylosis, Tyloma, Keratoma. A hard, thickened patch on the skin produced by excessive accumulation of the horny layers. Calloso-marginal (AEa/-o-so-mar/-jin-a!)[callosus, hard ; margo, margin]. Relating to the callosal and mar- ginal gyri of the brain. h Callosum (Aal-o'-sum). The bridge of white nerve- substance joining the hemispheres of the brain. It has also been called Corpus callosum, 77-abs cerebrº, and Commissura magna. See illustrations under Araúz. - Callous (Åa/-us) [callosus, hard]. Hard; tough, like callus. - - Callus (Åa/-us) [L.]. I. A callosity ; hardened and thickened skin. 2. The new growth of incomplete osseous tissue that surrounds the ends of a fractured Cinchona See Cimz- CALMANT bone, during the process of repair. See Callosity. C., Permanent, the permanent bond of bony union after re-absorption of the C. Provisional, or cartilage- like, plastic material first thrown out. C. of Skin, induration and thickening of the skin. Calmant (żahm/-ant) [ME., calme]. A calmative medicine. Calmative (Aaſh)/-mat-iv) [ME., calme]. I. Calm- ing; sedative. 2. An agent that produces a calming or sedative effect. Calomel (AEa/-o-mel). See Hydrargyrum. Calophyllum (Æal-o-fi/-um) [Kažác, beautiful; $0%0v, leaf). A genus of large tropical guttiferous trees. Several of the species (as C. tacamahaca, C. inophyl- lum) yield medicinal oils and resins. Unof. Calor (ka/-/or) [L. “heat”]. I. Heat. 2. Moderate fever heat; less than fervor and ardor. C. animalis, animal heat. C. febrilis, fever-heat. C. fervens, boiling heat. C. innatus, natural or normal heat. C. mordicans, biting or pungent heat (an unfavorable symptom of typhus). C. nativus, native or animal heat; blood heat; normal heat. C. internus, inward fever: fever not appreciable on the surface of the body. Caloricity (Áal-or-is/-īt-e) [calor, heat]. The heat-pro- ducing power of the living animal body. Calorie (AEa/-or-e) [Fr.]. See Calory. Calorifacient (kal-or-if-a/-she-ent) [calor, heat; facere, to make]. Heat-producing (applied to certain foods). Calorimeter (kal-or-im/-et-er) [calor, heat; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for transforming the poten- tial energy of the food into heat, and for measuring the number of heat-units produced. Two forms are used, the Water-Calorimeter and the Ice-Calorimeter. Calorimetry (Aal-or-im/-et-re) [calor, heat; uérpov, a measure]. calorimeter. Calorimotor (Åal-or-im-of-tor) [calor, heat; motor, mover]. A galvanic battery that produces heating- effects, generating electricity in large quantity, but not necessarily with a high electro-motive force. Calorinesis (Áal-or-in/-es-is) [calor, heat ; pl., Calori- meses]. Any disease characterized by an alteration in the quantity of animal heat. Calory (4a/-or-e) [Fr., Calorie]. A heat-unit; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Centigrade. See Unit. Calotropis (Äal-of/-ro-pis) [kahög, beautiful; Toàtic, a ship's keel]. A genus of E. Indian asclepiadaceous trees and shrubs. See Madar. Caltha (£a/-thah) [L.]. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs. C. palustris, the marsh-marigold of cold and cool regions; it is vesicant when fresh. It is often cooked and eaten as a pot-herb. Unof. Calumba (AEa/-um/-bah) [native Mozambique, Äalumb]. Columbo. The root of /afeorrhiza columba, native to S. Africa and parts of the E. Indies. It is an excellent example of a simple bitter, and contains a bitter prin- ciple, Calumbin, Col H.O., of which the dose is gr. j—iij. It is not astringent, and may be prescribed with salts of iron. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, and as a mild, appetizing tonic in convalescence. C., Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. ii-x. C., Fld. Ext. Dose my—xxx. C., Infus. (B. P.). Dose 3.j-ij. C., Tinct., con- tains ten per cent. of C. Dose 3 ss—ij. See also American Columbo. Calumbin (%al-um/-bin). See Calumba. Calva (£al/-vah). Same as Calvaria. * Calvaria (kal va/-re-ah) [calva, the scalp]. The upper part of the skull. Calvarian (Āal-va/-re-an) [calva, the scalp]. Relating to the calvaria. 251 The estimation of the heat-units by the CAMATINA Calvarium (#al-va/-re-um). See Calvaria. Calvert's Test. See Tests, Table of Calvities (Äal-vish/-e-éz) [calvus, bald]. Baldness, especially general or senile baldness. See Alopecia. C. senilis. See Alopecia semilis. Calx (Āalks) [L.]. The heel. In chemistry, a name formerly applied to any oxid of a metal, especially an alkaline metal, and chiefly to lime, or oxid of calcium, CaO. See Calcium. Calycanthemous (Åal-āk-an/-them-us) [kážvč, calyx; ăv6euov, a flower]. In biology, with petaloid sepals. Calycanthin (#al-iā-an/-thin) (Kážvč, calyx; &vfoc, flower], Cso H2SO23. A glucosid obtained from cer- tain plants of the genus Calycanthus. Calycanthus (kal-ik-an/-thus) [kážvy, calyx; āv6oc, flower]. A genus of North American shrubs. C., floridus, the Carolina allspice, sweet-shrub, or bubby, is tonic, emetic, and antifebrile. C. occidentalis is the California sweet-shrub. Unof. Calyciflorate (Äal-is-e-flo/-rat) [calyx, calyx; ſlos, flower]. In biology, with the petals and stamens borne on the calyx. Calycine (AEa/-is-in) [calyx, calyx]. taining to or resembling a calyx. Calycle (AEa/-ić-l) [calyculus, a little calyx]. In bio- logy, applied to parts that resemble a calyx, as the bracts or leaflets of certain plants, or the cup-cells of zoö- phytes. Calycular (kal-i}/-u-lar) [calyculus, a calycle]. I. In biology, having bracts resembling accessory calices or a cup-cell resembling a calycle. 2. An old name for the plant Hyoscyamus. Calymna (kal-im/-mah) [KažíTretv, to cover, hide]. A jelly-like envelop of radiolarians. Calyphyomy (kal-iſ-i/-o-me) [kážvš, a calyx; }{elv, to grow]. In biology, the growing together of sepals and petals. - Calyptera (Āal-ip-te/-rah) [Kažvittàptov, a covering]. In biology, the tail coverts of birds. Calyptoblastic (kal-ip-to-blas/-tié) [kažvitróg, covered; 9%aotóg, a germ]. In biology, having capsulated gen- erative buds, as the campanularian and Sertularian hy- droids. Calyptra (Āal-iº/-trah) [KažíTTpa, a veil]. In biology, a hood-like body covering the fruit-organ in plants, as the modified archegonium of mosses, or the united bracts of some flowers. Calyptrate (Äal-ipº-trat) [KažíTTpa, a veil]. In biology, having a hood-like investment. Calyptrogen (£al-ipº-tro-gen) [KažíTTpa, a veil; Yévng, producing]. In biology, the root-cap. Calyx (Āa/-liás) [káAvš, the cups or calyx of a flower: p/., Calices]. In biology, applied to various cup-like ensheathing structures, as the funnel-shaped tissues surrounding the Malpighian pyramids of the kidney, the cups of a polyzoan, or a Crinoid; an ovarian cap- sule. C. of Ovum, the wall of the Graafian follicle from which the ovum has escaped. Camass (Áam-asſ) [nat. American Indian]. The edible bulb of Camassia escaeſenta, C. fraser:, or C. leichſ- linii, squill-like plants of Western N. America. Death Camass, the poisonous root or bulb of Zigadenus zen- enosus; called also hog's potato, as it is eaten by swine. The bulb or corm of the Blue Camass (Bro- dia a grandiñora), is also considered poisonous, al- though it may be eaten. Camata (Kah-mah/-tah) [origin unknown]. The dried acorns of Quercus agilops, used in the arts for their astringency. See Camatina and I alonia. Camatina (kah-mah-te/-nah) [origin unknown]. The immature acorns of Quercus agilops, used in the arts for their astringency. See Camata and Valonia. In biology, per- CAM BIFORM Cambiform (AEam/-biſ-orm) [cambium, cambium ; forma, shape). In biology, applied to narrow, thin- walled succulent cells, often found in connection with sieve-tubes, but whose nature is not well understood. Cambi-Resin [East Indian]. The resinous juice of Gardenia lucida an E. Indian plant. It has been recommended for use in hospital dressings, from which it is said to expel flies. Cambium (&am/-be-um) [L.]. In biology, a layer of tissue formed between the wood and the bark of exog- enous plants. It is composed of extremely delicate, thin-walled cells, filled with protoplasm and organiz- able nutrient matter, and appearing like a thin film of mucilage. Cambogia (Aam-bo/je-ah) [Camboja, or Cambodia, a country in Farther India]. Gamboge. A resinous gum from Garcinia hanburyi, a tree native to Southern Asia. Its properties are due to gambogic acid. It is a drastic hydragogue cathartic, decidedly diuretic. C., Pil. Comp., (B. P.), contains gamboge, Barbadoes aloes, hard soap, compound powder of cinnamon, and syrup. Dose gr. v-x. It is also officially a constit- uent of Pil. Cath. Comp. See Colocynth. Dose gr. 1]—v. Cambuca (£am-buſ-Kah) [L.]. bubo or venereal ulcer. Camel's Hair. The hair of the camel, used in Africa, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus, and latterly in Europe, for the manufacture of woven goods, that are made from the unbleached hair. C.’s-h. Brush, a small fine brush used for making various applications to the surface of the body, and for cleansing the ear, etc. Camelina (Aamu-e/-i/-na/.) [xaplai, dwarf; Živov, flax]. A genus of cruciferous plants. C. sativa, the gold of pleasure. A cruciferous plant of the old world, naturalized in N. America. Its seeds afford a fixed oil; the plant itself was formerly esteemed in eye- diseases. Unof. Camellia (Aam-e/-e-a/) [after Kamel, a scientist of the seventeenth century]. A genus of shrubs. C. the- ifera. See Z ea. Camellin (AEam-e/-īn) [see Camellia], Css HsOlg. A glucosid obtained from the seeds of Camel/ia japonica. Camembert Cheese. See Cheese. Camera (Aam’-er-a/) [Kauápa, an arched roof or chamber]. In biology, a chamber , or vaulted structure. In optics, the chamber or dark-box of the apparatus used for photography. C. cordis, the envel- oping membrane of the heart, the pericardium. C. of Cranium, the chamber of the skull. C. lucida, an optical device for superimposing or combining two fields of view in one eye, invented by the chemist Wollaston. C. oculi, the chamber of the eye. Camerated (AEam/-er-a-fed) [Kapuāpa, a vault]. In biology, chambered, vaulted. Camerer’s Method. A method of estimating uric acid in the urine. It is done by means of Salkowski’s magnesia mixture (one part of crystallized magnesium sulphate, two parts of ammonium chlorid, four parts of ammonia solution, of sp. gr. O.924, and eight parts of water), to remove the phosphates, and the addition of silver nitrate. Camerine (Aam’-er-in) [kaltápa, a vault]. In biology, a foraminiferous shell of the numulite limestone. Cameritelous (Aam-er-it-e'-lus) [camera, , a vault; zela, a web]. Applied to spiders that spin intricate webs or hiding-chambers. Camerostoma (Aam-er-os/-to-mah) [Kapiápa, a vault; aróua, a mouth]. In biology, the vaulted cover of the manducatory organs of Spiders. Camisole (4am-is-à/) [Fr.]. The straight-jacket, for- merly used for the restraint of violently insane persons. An old name for a 252 CAMPHOR Camomile, or Chamomile (kam/-o-mil). See Anthemis and Matricaria. Campana (kam-pa/-mah). See Pulsatilla. Camp Cure. Life in camp and in the open air, adopted as a therapeutic measure. C. Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. C. Measles, an epidemic of measles among Soldiers. Campani’s Ocular. Zests, Table of. Campanula (kam-pan/-u-lah) [L., “a little bell”]. I. Any bell-shaped part or process. 2. A genus of plants with bell-shaped flowers: blue-bell: Canterbury bell. Several of the species, as C. trachelium and C. glomerata have been employed in medicine, as deter- gents, astringents, and vulneraries. Unof. Campanulate (Äam-pan/-u-lat) [campanula, a little bell]. Bell-shaped. - Camper's Angles. See Angle. C. Ligament. See Zigament. C. Lines. See Zines, Table of C. Plane. See Plane. C. Profile Line. See Profile Zine. Camphene (Aam fén/, or Åam/-ſºn) [camphor], Cio His: The solid terpene obtained from pinene halogen hydrid , by the elimination of the haloid acid. Camphenes (Äam/femz) [camp/lor]. The volatile oils or hydrocarbons having the general formula CioPIs, isomeric with oil of turpentine. Many camphenes exist ready-formed in plants, as oil of cloves, etc. They are liquid at ordinary temperatures. They are also called terøenes, but by some authorities the latter is made the generic name of all the volatile hydrocar- bons having the formula Cio Hig, while the name camphene is limited to those terpenes that are solid at ordinary temperatures. Camphoid (Áam/-ſoid) [camphor]. A substitute for collodion. It is a solution, one in 40, of pyroxylin, in equal parts by weight of camphor and absolute alcohol. It may be used as a vehicle for applications to the skin. The application dries in a few minutes, leaving an elastic opaque film, not easily washed off. Campholic Acid (Áam-fo/-ić). See Acid, Camp/olic. Campho-phenique (AEam-ſo-ſemi-84/) [Fr.]. A proprie- tary preparation combining camphor and phenol; it is recommended as an antiseptic and local stimulant. Camphor (Āam’sſor) [camphora, camphor : gen., Camp/horae], Cio H16O. A solid volatile oil ob- tained from Cinnamomum camphora, a tree indig- enous to Eastern Asia. It yields camphoric and cam- phretic acids, also C. Cymol when distilled with zinc See Ocular. C. Tests. See chlorid. It is a valuable antispasmodic, anodyne and diaphoretic. Applied locally, it is an excellent rube- facient. It is a moderate cerebral excitant. It is effectual in cholera, vomiting, cardiac depression and affections requiring an antispasmodic. C., aqua, con- sists of camphor 8, alcohol 5, precipitated calcium phosphate 5, distilled water q. S. ad IOOO parts. Dose gj—iv. C. Ball, an English preparation used as an application to chapped-skin. Its composition is sper- maceti 4, white wax I2, oil of almonds 5 ; melt in a water bath, and add flowers of camphor 4. Dis- solve and when nearly cold pour into boxes or mould in gallipots. C. Borneo. See Borneol. C. Carbo- lated, a mixture of 2% parts of camphor with one each of carbolic acid and alcohol. A good antiseptic dressing for wounds. C., ceratum, consists of cam- phor liniment I, white wax 3, and lard 6. Used for itching skin-affections. C., Chloral, a fluid pre- pared by mixing equal parts of camphor and chloral hydrate. It is an excellent solvent for many alka- loids. Used externally. C.-ice, the ceratum cam- phora compositum, N. F. C., linimentum, has camphor 20, cottonseed oil 80 parts. C., Lini- ment. Comp. (B. P.), contains camphor and oil of CAMPHORIC ACID 253 lavender dissolved in rectified spirit, and strong solu- tion of ammonia added. C., Monobromated, Clo His- BrO, camphor in which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by an atom of bromin. It resembles the bromids in therapeutic action. Dose gr. j—x, in emulsion. C. salicylate, prepared by heating to- gether I4 parts of camphor with II of Salicylic acid. It is used as an ointment. C., Spt., contains camphor Io, alcohol 70, water 20 parts. Dose muv-xx. C., Tinct., Comp. (B. P.), contains opium, benzoic acid, camphor, oil of anise, and proof spirit. Dose muxv-3.j. C. Tinct., Rubini's. Unof. A saturated solution of camphor in alcohol, Dose gtt. iv-x. Raspail’s “Eau Sedative.” Unof. Contains aq. ammoniae 3 iſ, sodium chlorid 3 iſ, camph. spt. wine 3 iij, water Oij. Used externally. Camphoric Acid (Áam-for’-ić). See Acid. Camphoronic Acid (Áam-fo-ron/ iſé). See Acid. Camphors (AEam/-forz) [camphora, camphor]. Peculiar- Smelling substances containing oxygen and intimately related to the terpenes. They are often found with the latter in plant-secretions and can be artificially prepared by oxidizing the same. Camphylene (Áam/ſi/-èn)[camphora, camphor],CoPIs. I. A liquid terpene produced by decomposing cam- phene with lime at a great heat. 2. A commercial name for naphthalin, occurring in blocks that are sold for protecting furs and woolens from moths, and are placed in urinals for disinfecting purposes. Campimeter (AEam-pim/-et-er). See Perimeter. Camplin's Biscuits. See Aiscuits. - Campsis (AEampſ-sis) [Kápºpug, a curving]. Any abnormal curvature or flexion. Campterium (&-te’-re-um) [Kautrāp, a bending]. In biology, the anterior border of the wing; the bend of the wing. Campylochirus (Åam-pi/-o-ki’-rus) [Kautróżog, crooked; zeip, hand]. Having distorted hands. Campylorrhachis (kam-pil-or/-a-kis) [ka u T £ 20 g, crooked; báxic, backbone]. A fetus with spinal deformity. . Campylorrhinus(£am-pi/-o-ri'-mus) [Kauſtížoc,crooked; bic, nose]. A monstrosity with a deformity of the Il OS6. Campylospermous (Åam-fil-o-sper’-mus) [Kauróżoc, curved ; otéppia, a seed]. In biology, applied to seeds having the material curved so as to form longitudinal furrows. Campylotropal (Aam-fil-ot'-ro-pal) [Kauſtížoc, curved; Tpé"Teuv, to turn]. In biology, applied to ovules or seeds that are bent or curved on themselves. Canada (%an/-a-dah) [Sp.]. A British possession in North America. C. Balsam. See Balsamizzy, can- adense. For its uses in microscopy, see Mounting AMedia. C. Snakeroot, the root of Asarutº: canadense, See Asarum. C. Hemp. See Apocynum. Canadian (kan-aſ-de-an) [Canada]. Pertaining or belonging to Canada. Canadol (£an/-ad-ol). A transparent volatile liquid re- sembling benzene in smell. It is an excellent local anesthetic for minor surgical operations. Unof. See also Gasolene. Canaigre (%an-a/-gra) [Sp.]. The Rumex hymeno- se/alus, a plant of Texas, Mexico, Utah and Cali- fornia. The root is highly astringent: the sour stalks are used, like rhubarb-stalks, in making pies. Unof. Canal, or Canalis (kan-al’, or éan-a/-ä) [canna, a reed or tube]. I. A tube or duct for carrying the fluids of the body. 2. A hollow instrument used as a splint. C., Abdominal. See C., Inguinal. C., Abital. See C., Aphodal. C., Aërial. See C., Air. C., Afferent. See C., Incurrent, C., Air, a cavity CANAL containing air, such as exists in most vegetable organs; it is formed by an arrest of development or by a destruc- tion of some of the anatomic elements. C., Al- cock's, a strong sheath of the obturator layer of the pelvic fascia containing the internal pudic artery. C., Alimentary, the whole digestive tube from the mouth to the anus. C., Alisphenoid, in comparative anatomy, a canal in the alisphenoid bone, opening anteriorly into the foramen rotundum, and transmitting the external carotid artery. C., Alveolar, Anterior, one located in the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior supe- rior dental nerve. C., Alveolar, Inferior, the inferior dental canal. C., Alveolar, Median, one located in the superior maxilla and transmitting the middle supe- rior dental nerve. C., Alveolar, Posterior, one situated in the superior maxilla; it transmits the posterior superior dental nerve. C., Alveolo-dental, See C., ZXereza/. C., Ambulacral, in the AEchinoder- mata, branches of the circular canal. C., Anal, leads from the rectum to the external opening of the anus. C., Aphodal, in certain sponges, one connecting a chamber with an excurrent canal. C., Apical, in the Ctenophora, two canals extending from the funnel to the apical pores. C., Aquiferous. I. Canals that in many molluscs traverse the Substance of the foot, opening externally by pores, or internally into the blood-sinuses. 2. In the AEndozoa, a series of ramify- ing excretory canals, with blind extremities, converging to a common canal that opens externally. C., Arach- noid, a space formed beneath the arachnoid membrane of the brain; it transmits the venae magnæ Galeni. C. of Arantius, the ductus venosus. C., Archinephric, the duct of the archinephron or primitive kidney. C., Arterial. See ZXuctus arteriosus. C., Atrial, the cavity of the atrium. C., Auditory, External, that from the auricle to the tympanic membrane. C., Auditory, Internal, that beginning on the posterior surface of the petrous bone, and extending outward and backward for a distance of about four lines; it transmits the auditory and facial nerves, and the audi- tory artery. C., Auricular. I. See C., Auditory, Axteriza/. 2. The constriction between the auricular and ventricular portions of the fetal heart. C., Avant, the anterior portion of the male urethra. C., Axial, in certain Achinodermaća, the central canal of a brachium, opening into the alimentary canal. C., Bartholin's, the duct of Bartholin's gland. C. of Bernard, a supplementary duct of the pancreas. Also called Santorini’s canal. C., Bichat’s. See C., Arachnoid. C., Biflex. See Gland, Interungulate. C., Biliary. See C., Hepatic. C., Biliary, Inter- lobular, canals situated between the acini of the liver, containing small branches of the portal vein, etc. C., Blastoporic. See C., A'eurenteric. C. of Bone, a canaliculus of bone. C., Braun's. See C., Aºzaren- feric. C., Braune's, the continuous passage formed by the uterine cavity and the vagina during labor, after full dilatation of the os. C., Breschet's. See C. of the Diploë, C., Bullular. See C. of Peziz. C., Carinal, an air-canal in the AEquisefa, situated on the inner side of the xylem. C., Carotic. See C., Carotid', C., Carotico-tympanic, two or three short canals extending from the carotid canal to the tym- panum; they transmit branches of the carotid plexus. C., Carotid, one in the petrous portion of the temporal bone; it transmits the internal carotid artery. C. of Cartilage, the canals in ossifying cartilage, during its vascularization intended to receive prolongations of the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum. They radiate in all directions from the center of ossification. C., Central (of the modiolus), a canal running from the base to the apex of the cochlea. C., Central (of spinal CANAL 254 cord), the small canal that extends through the center of the spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the lower part of the fourth ventricle. It represents the embryonic ectodermal canal. C., Cerebro-spinal, I. The neural or cranio-vertebral canal, formed by the skull and the spine, and containing the brain and spinal marrow. 2. The primitive continuous cavity of the brain and spinal cord, not infrequently more or less extensively obliterated in the latter, but in the former modified in the form of the several ventricles and other cavities. C., Cervical. See C. of Cervix Užeri. C., Cervico-uterine. See C., Užerine. C. of Cervix Uteri, that portion of the uterine canal that extends between the internal and external os. C. of Chorda Tympani, a small canal in the temporal bone, be- tween its squamous and petrous portions, parallel with the Glaserian fissure ; it transmits the chorda tympani nerve. C., Chyleagueous, in certain invertebrates, a system of canals containing water and digestive pro- ducts. C., Ciliary. See C., of Fontana. C., Cir- cular, in the AEchinodermata, a vessel surrounding the esophagus, connected with the exterior by the madre- poric canal, and giving off the ambulacral canals. C. clavellaris, in biology, a cecal canal running into the olfactory clubs of A/edusae. C., Cloacal. See C., Avcurrent. , C. of Cloquet. See C., Ayaloid. C., Cochlear, the spiral and snail-like cavity of the cochlea, 28 to 30 mm. long. The base is turned inward toward the internal auditory meatus, and the apex outward toward the tympanum. C. of Com- munication, in the embryo of the fowl, canals that run from the cavity of each protovertebra to the pleuro- peritoneal space. C., Connecting, the arched or coiled portion of a uriniferous tubule, joining with a collect- ing tubule. C., Corona, in biology, the coronal in- testine of Alſea'atsa. Same as Pouch corozza. C. of Corti, the triangular canal formed by the pillars of Corti, the base of which corresponds to the membrana basilaris. It extends over the entire length of the lamina spiralis. C. of Cotunnius. See Aqueduct of the Westibule. C., Cranio-vertebral. See C., Cerebro-spinal, and C., AWeural. C., Crural. See C., Aºmoral. C., Ctenophoral, in the Ctenophora, eight canals connected at right angles with the tertiary radial canals, and corresponding in their course with the eight locomotive bands. C. of Cuvier, the ductus venosus. C., Cystic, the cystic duct. C. of De Candolle. See C., Medullary. C., Deferent, the vas deferens. C., Demicircular. See C., Semi- circular. , C., Dental, Anterior, one extending into the facial portion of the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior dental vessels and nerves. C., Dental, Inferior, the dental canal of the inferior maxilla; it transmits the inſerior dental nerve and vessels. C., Dental, Posterior, two canals in the superior maxilla. They transmit the superior posterior dental vessels and nerves. C., Dentinal, the minute canals in dentine, extending approximately at right- angles to the surface of a tooth from the pulp-cavity, into which they open, to the cementum and enamel. C., Digestive. See C., Aſimentary. C. of Diploë, canals in the diploë of the cranium transmitting Breschet’s veins. C., Efferent. I. See C., Excur- renº. 2. In the Cesſoda, canals connecting the testicles with the deferent canals. C., Ejaculatory. See JOuct, Æjaculatory. C. of Epididymis, a convoluted tube, about 20 feet long when straightened, forming the epididymis and continuous with the vas deferens. C., Eschricht's Yellow, in certain of the Cesſoda, a system of canals, opening into the fertilizing canal, and terminating in round or oval sacs. C., Eth- moidal, Anterior, one between the ethmoid and CANAL frontal bones; it transmits the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve, and the anterior ethmoidal ves- sels. C., Ethmoidal, Posterior. See C., Orbital, A osterior, Internal. C., Eustachian, one in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, containing a portion of the Eustachian tube. C., Excurrent, in Sponges, the tubes that carry water from the ciliated chambers to the exterior. C., Facial, the aqueduct of Fallopius; it transmits the facial nerve. C., Fal- lopian. See Aqueduct of Fallopius. C., Femoral. I. The inner compartment of the sheath of the femoral vessels behind Poupart’s ligament; a femoral hernia descends through this. 2. See C., Hunter's. C. of Ferrein, a triangular channel, supposed to exist between the free edges of the eyelids when they are closed, and to serve for conducting the tears toward the puncta lachrymalia during sleep. C., Fertilizing, in many cestoda, a tube connecting the vagina and the uterus. C., Fibro-adipose, in certain fishes, a canal, filled with adipose tissue, on the dorsal side of the neural canal. C. of Fontana, a series of small spaces formed by the interlacing of the connective-tissue fibers of the framework of the peripheral processes of the iris, situated in the angle of the anterior cham- ber, and serving as a medium for the transudation of the aqueous humor from the posterior to the anterior chamber of the eye. They are also called C. of Złovius, C., Ciliary, and Fontana's Spaces. C., Galactophorous, the lactiferous tubules of the mammary gland. C. of Gärtner, in the female, a relic of the main portion of the Wolffian duct of the embryo; it is a tube extending from the broad ligament of the uterus to the wall of the uterus and vagina. C., Gastro-vascular, in the Hydrozoa, canals extending from the stomach into the substance of the disc of the umbrella. C., Genital, in com- parative anatomy, any canal designed for copulation or for the discharge of ova. C., Gonocalycine, a system of canals found in the gonocalyx of the Hy- drozoa. C. of Groin. See C., Anguinal. C. of Guidi. See C., Pidian. C., Gynecophoric, in Ai//arzia, a groove extending from a little below the ventral sucker to the end of the tail. It lodges the female during copulation. C. of Havers. See C., Aaversian. C., Haversian, canals in the compact substance of bone forming a wide-meshed network, and establishing communication between the medullary cavity and the surface of the bone. Their average diameter is shºw inch, and they are lined by a continuation of the endosteum; they transmit blood-vessels, lymph-vessels and nerves. C., Hemal, one in the ventral surface of the vertebral column, enclosed by the hemal arches; it is incom- plete in certain portions. C. of Henle, a portion of the uriniferous tubules. C., Hepatic. I. The excre- tory duct of the liver. 2. The radicles of the hepatic duct. C., Hernial, one transmitting a hernia. C. of Hovius. See C. of Fontana. C. of Huguier. See C. of the Chorda Tympani. C., Hunter's, a triangular canal formed in the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh ; it transmits the femoral artery and vein and internal Saphenous nerve. C. of Huschke, one formed by the junction of the tuber- cles of the annulus tympanicus. This is generally obliterated after the fifth year, but may persist through life. C., Hyaloid, an irregularly-cylindrical canal running antero-posteriorly through the vitreous body, through which in the fetus the hyaloid artery passes, to ramify on the posterior surface of the crystalline lens. C., Hyapophyseal, in birds, that formed by the inferior spinous processes of the upper cervical vertebrae; it transmits the carotid artery. . C., Inci- CANAL 255 sive. See C., Incisor. C., Incisor, a canal that opens into the mouth by an aperture just behind the incisor teeth of the upper jaw; it is formed by a groove on the adjoining surfaces of the superior maxillae, and has two branches that open into the nasal fossae. C., Incurrent, in sponges, the canals that convey Water from the exterior to the ciliated chambers. C., Infra- orbital, a small canal running obliquely through the bony floor of the orbit; it transmits the infraorbital artery and nerve. C., Inguinal, a canal about one and one-half inches long, running obliquely downward and inward from the internal to the external abdominal ring, and constituting the channel through which an inguinal hernia descends; it transmits the spermatic cord in the male, and the round ligament of the uterus in the female. C., Inter-. See C., Incurrent. C., Inter- cellular, in biology, canals formed by the interspaces between vegetable cells. C., Intestinal, that portion of the alimentary canal that is included between the pylorus and the anus. C., Intrafascicular, one formed in a fibro-vascular bundle by the destruction of the vascular tissue and parenchyma. C., Intralobular, Biliary, the radicles of the bile-ducts, forming a fine network in and around the hepatic cells, and com- municating with vacuoles in the cells. C. of Jacob- son. See C., Tympanic. C., Kidney, in the Plate/- minthes, excretory tubes that take up excrementitious matter from the tissues. C., Kidney, Primitive, in some of the lower animals canals that appear to re- place the kidneys. C. of Kowalevsky. See C., Meu- 2-enteric. C., Lacrymal. I. The bony canal that lodges the nasal duct. 2. One of the lachrymal canal- iculi. C., Lateral, in most fishes, two canals, one on each side, that communicate with cavities in the head, and with the exterior, by apertures in each overlying scale; they are probably sensory in function. C. of Laurer, in certain worms, one by which the Oviduct opens externally on the dorsal surface; according to some, the vitellarian duct. C., Lingual, in the horse, etc., the floor of the mouth, from its lodging the tongue. C. of Loewenberg, that portion of the cochlear canal that is situated above the membrane of Corti. C., Longitudinal, in the Cestoda, canals, one on each side of a joint; they are of uncertain function. C., Looped, in the Annulaſa, the segmental organs. C. Macro-myelonal, the central canal of the spinal cord C., Madreporic, in the AEchinodermata, one joining the madreporite, and the circular canal. C., Malar, one in the malar bone transmitting the malar division of the temporo-malar branch of the superior maxillary nerve. C. of Marrow. See C., Cartilage. C., Maxillary. See C., Dental. C., Median. I. The central canal of the spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius. C., Medullary. I. The hollow cavity of a long bone, con- taining the marrow. 2. See C., Vertebral. 3. The cen- tral canal of the spinal cord. 4. An Haversian canal. 5. The canal of De Candolle, enclosing the pith in the stem of plants. 6. In embryology, the medullary tube. C., Medullary, Cerebro-spinal, the central canal of the spinal cord. C., Membranous, of the Cochlea, a canal in the cochlea, following the turns of the lamina spiralis; it is bounded by the basilar mem- brane, the membrane of Reissner, and the wall of the cochlea. C., Membranous, Semicircular. See C., Semicircular. C. of Modiolus, the spiral canal of the cochlea. C., Muciparous. See C., Mucous. C., Mucous, in general, canals lined with mucous membrane. In zoölogy, canals found beneath the scales of fishes and other scaly animals, furnishing the mucus that lubricates the surface. C. of Müller. See Millerian Duct. C., Myelonal, the central canal of the spinal cord, C., Nasal. I. See y CANAL C., Zachrymal. 2. An occasional canal found in the posterior portion of the nasal bone; it transmits the nasal nerves. C., Naso-lachrymal. See C., Zach- rymal. C., Naso-palatine. . See C., Aecisor. C., Neural. I. See C., Vertebral. 2. In Achinode//ls, a canal a part of the wall of which is formed by the ambulacral nerve and its connections. C., Neurenteric, of Kowalewsky, also called A/asſo- poric Canal, in the embryo, a passage leading from the posterior part of the medullary tube into the arch- enteron. C., Neuro-central. See C., Vertebra!. C. of Nuck, a pouch of peritoneum which, in the female fetus, descends for a short distance along the round ligament of the uterus into the inguinal canal; it is the analogue of the processus vaginalis in the male. It sometimes persists after birth. C., Nutritive. See C., Aſaversian. C., Obstetric. See C., A'arturieſt/. C., Obturator, a canal in the ilium transmitting the obtu- rator nerve and vessels. C., Olfactory, in the embryo, the nasal fossae at an early period of development. C., Omphalo-mesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that connects the cavity of the intestine with the umbilical vesicle. C., Optic. See Optic Foramen. C., Orb- ital, Anterior Internal. See C., A///noida/, Auz- perior. C., Orbital, Posterior Internal, the poste: rior of two canals formed by the ethmoid bone and the orbital plate of the frontal. It transmits the pos- terior ethmoidal vessels. C., Palatine, Accessory Posterior, one or two canals in the horizontal plate of the palate bone, near the groove entering into the formation of the posterior palatine canal. C., Pala- tine, Anterior, formed by the union of the incisive canals; it opens on the palate behind the incisor teeth. C., Palatine, Descending. See C., A'alato- Maxillary. C., Palatine, External, Small, a small canal in the pyramidal process of the palate bone, close to its connection with the horizontal plate. It transmits the external palatine nerve. C., Palatine, Posterior. See C., Palato-maxillary. C., Palatine, Smaller. See C., Palazine, Posterior. C., Palatine, Superior, one formed by the palate bone and the superior maxilla, transmitting the large palatine nerve and blood-vessels. C., Palato-maxillary, one formed by the outer surface of the palate bone and the adjoin- ing surface of the superior maxilla. It transmits the large palatine nerve and blood-vessel. C., Para- gastric, in the Cºenophora, one that branches off on each side of the funnel, and terminates near the oral extremity of the funnel. C., Parturient, the channel through which the fetus passes in parturition, includ- ing the pelvic canal, and the uterus and vagina con- sidered as a single canal. C., Pelvic, the canal of the pelvis, from the superior to the inferior strait. C., Pericardio-peritoneal, in some of the lower verte- brates; canals connecting the pericardium and the peritoneal cavity. C., Perigastric, in the Hydrozoa, two canals running parallel to the stomach, from the infundibulum, and terminating in culs-de-sac near the mouth. C., Peritoneal, in the Plagiostoma/a, etc., two canals leading from the peritoneal cavity, one to each side of the cloaca. C., Perivascular, the cir- cumvascular lymph spaces. C. of Petit. Properly, a space, intersected by numerous fine interlacing fibers, existing between the anterior and posterior laminae of the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens. It extends from the periphery of the lens, nearly to the apices of the ciliary process, and transmits the secre- tion from the posterior chamber. C., Petro-mas- toid, a small canal not always present, situated at the angle of union between the mastoid and petrous bones. It transmits a small vein from the middle fossa of the skull to the transverse sinus. C., Petrosal, two canals CANAL on the upper surface of the petrous portion of the tem- poral bone, transmitting the large and small superficial petrosal nerves. C., Plasmatic. I. An Haversian canal. 2. In the Zeniadae, canals given off from the longitudinal vessels, containing a homogeneous fluid which is supposed to serve for the nutrition of the animal. C., Poison, in snakes, the canal in the poi- Son-fang, serving for the ejaculation of the venom. C., Pore. See C., Porous. C., Porous, in the ovule, supposed to serve for the entrance of the spermato- zoids in fecundation. C., Portal. See Intralobular, Ailiary. C., Preputial, in the lower animals, the sheath of the penis. C., Primitive, the neural canal of the embyro. C., Prosodal, in sponges, a canal connecting the chamber with the prosopyle. C., Pseudostomatous, the processes of branched cells that extend from a sub-epithelial or endothelial layer to the free surface, their free ends forming the pseudo- stomata. C., Pterygoid. See C., Vidian. C., Ptery- go-palatine, one formed by the root of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and the sphen- oidal process of the palate bone. It transmits the pterygo-palatine vessels and nerve. C., Pulmo- aortic. oee Ductus arteriosus. C., Radial, in the Cºenophora, two canals that branch off laterally from the funnel. Each divides into two (the secondary radial), which themselves divide into two (the tertiary radial), which open into the ctenophoral canals. C. of Recklinghausen, minute channels supposed to exist in all connective tissue, which are directly con- tinuous with the lymphatic vessels, and hence may be said to form their origin. C. of Reissner. See C., Membranous, of the Cochlea. C., Resin. See C., Resin:ferous. C., Resiniferous, a canal in which resin is secreted. C., Rhachidian. See C., Verſe- &ral. C. of Rivinus, the duct of the sublingual gland. C. of Rosenthal. See C., Spiral, of the Modiolus, C., Sacculo-cochlear, one connecting the sacculus and the cochlea. C., Sacculo-utricular, one con- necting the sacculus and the utricle. C., Sacral, the continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum. C., Sand. See C., Madreporic. C., Santorini’s. See C. of Bernard. C. of Schlemm, an irregular space or plexiform series of spaces occupying the sclero-corneal region of the eye; it is regarded by Some as a venous sinus, by others as a lymph-channel. C., Secretory, an interspace between the cells of vegetable tissue, lined with special cells, secreting va- rious products such as oils, balsams, gum-resins, etc. C., Semicircular, bony canals of the labyrinth of the internal ear. They are three in number, the external, superior, and posſerior, and contain the membraneous semicircular canals. C., Semicircular, Anterior. See C., Semicircular, Superior. C., Semicircular, Anterior Vertical. See C., Semicircular, Superior. C., Semicircular, External, that one of the semicir- cular canals of the labyrinth having its plane horizon- tal and its convexity directed backward. C., Semi- circular, Frontal. See C., Semicircular, Superior. C., Semicircular, Horizontal. See C., Semicircat- /ar, External. C., Semicircular, Inferior. See C., Semicircular, Posterior. C., Semicircular, In- ner. See C., Semicircular, Posterior. C., Semicir- cular, Internal. See C., Semicircular, Posterior. C., Semicircular, Lateral. See C., Semicircular, A.xterna/. C., Semicircular, Osseous. See C., Semicircular. C., Semicircular, Posterior, that one of the semicircular canals having its convexity directed backward, and its plane almost parallel to the pos- terior wall of the pyramid. C., Semicircular, Pos- terior Vertical. See C., Semicircular, Posterior. C., Semicircular, Sagittal. See C., Semicircular, 256 CANAL A'osterior. C., Semicircular, Superior, that one of the semicircular canals having its convexity directed toward the upper surface of the pyramid. C., Sem- inal, the Seminiferous tubules. C., Serous, any mi- nute canal connected with the lymph vessels and sup- posed to be filled with lymph. C., Sheathing, the communication between the cavity of the tunica vagi- nalis of the testicle and the general peritoneal cavity. It soon closes in man, leaving the tunica vaginalis a closed sac. C., Side, blind canals in the ventral skin of amphioxus, supposed to have a urinary function. C., Spermatic. I. The was deferens. 2. The ingui- nal canal in the male. C., Spheno-palatine. See C., A'zerºgo-palatine. C., Spinal. See C., Vertebra/. C., Spiral, of the Cochlea, one that runs spirally around the modiolus, taking two turns and a half, diminishing in size from the base to the apex, and terminating in the cupola. C., Spiral, of the Modio- lus, a small canal winding around the modiolus of the base of the lamina spiralis. C., Spiroid, of the Temporal Bone. See Aqueduct of Fallopius. C. of Stenson. See Stemson's Duct. C., Sternal, in the Crustacea, one formed by the union of the meso- phragms of the endosternites. C. of Stiebel, in cer- tain Mollusca the embryonic renal organ. C. of Stiega. See C. of Zaurer. C. of Stilling. See C., Ayaloid, and C., Central, of Spinal Cord. C., Stone. See C., Madreporic. C., Suborbital. See C., Infraorbital. C., Supraorbital, one at the upper margin of the orbit. It transmits the supraorbital ar- tery and nerve. C., Temporal. See C., Zygomatico- temporal. C., Temporo-malar. See C., Zygo- matico-temporal. C., Thoracic, the thoracic duct. C., Tympanic, one that opens on the lower surface of the petrous bone, between the carotid canal and the groove for the internal jugular vein. It transmits Jacobson’s nerve. C., Urethro-sexual, in some mammals the vagina and urethra combined. C., Urin- ary, the urethra. C., Uro-genital. See Urogeniſa/ Sinus. C., Uterine, the canal of the uterus, including the body and neck. C., Utero-cervical, the cavity of the cervix uteri at the time of labor. C., Utero- vaginal. I. The common canal formed by the uterus and vagina. 2. In embryology, the duct of Müller. C., Vaginal, the canal of the vagina. C., Vascu- lar. See C., Haversian, and C., Cartilage. C., Vec- tor, the Oviduct. C., Venous, the ductus venosus. C., Vertebral, the canal formed by the vertebrae. It transmits the spinal cord and its membranes. C., Vertebrarterial, the osseous canal through which the vertebral artery runs. C., Vestibular. See C., ſn- current. C., Vidian, a canal of the sphenoid bone at the base of the internal pterygoid plate, opening anteriorly into the spheno-maxillary fossa, and pos- teriorly into the foramen lacerum. It transmits the Vidian nerve and vessels. C., Vitelligene, in com- parative anatomy, canals leading to the vitelligene glands. C., Vitellin, a supposed canal leading from the central cavity of the vitellus, in birds' eggs, to the cicatricula. C., Vulvar, the vestibule of the vagina. C., Vulvo-uterine, the vagina. C., Vulvo-vag- inal. I. The vagina and the vulva considered as a single canal. 2. The orifice of the hymen. C., Water- vascular. See C., Aquiferous. C. of Wharton. See Warton's Duct. C., White, of Malpighi, in insects, two white convoluted urinary tubules open- ing into the large intestine. C. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. C. of Wolff. See Wolffian Ducz. C., Yellow, of Malpighi, in insects, two yellowish convoluted tubes opening at the junction of the stom- ach and intestine; they are regarded as urinary. C., Zygomatic. See C., Zygomatico-temporal and C., CANALICULAR Zygomatico-facial. C., Zygomatico-facial. See C., Malar. C., Zygomatico-temporal, the temporal canal of the malar bone, running from its orbital to its temporal surface. It transmits a branch of the superior maxillary nerve. Canalicular (4am-a/-ä4/-u-lar) In biology, canal-shaped. Canaliculization (Åan-al-āk-u-liz-a/-shan) [canaliculus, a little canal]. The formation of canaliculi, as in bone, or as in calcified cartilage. Canaliculus (Åan-a/-ä4/-u-lus) [L. : £4, Canalicul: ). A small canal; especially that leading from the punc- tum to the lachrymal sac of the eye; and in the plural, the minute canals opening into the lacunae of bone. See Aozze. Canalization (£an-a/-īz-a/-shun), [canalis, a canal]. I. The formation of canals, as in tissues, etc. 2. A system of wound-drainage without tubes. C. of the clot, formation of a channel through a clot in a vessel for the passage of the blood-current, occurring from the 50th to the 70th day after ligation. See Cells, Vasifactive. Canarin (£am/-ar-in). See Pigments, Conspectus of Canarium (Æan-a/-re-um) [E. Ind., canari]. A genus of burseraceous trees and shrubs of warm regions. C., commune affords a part (at least) of the manila elemi, and also a balsam resembling copaiba. Other species yield similar products. Canatillo (Aah-mah-te/-yo). See. Tºpopote. Cancellate (Äan/-sel-āt) [cancellare, to provide with a lattice]. Reticulated, or characterized by latticed lines, as the spongy tissue of bones, or certain leaves consisting entirely of veins. Cancellation (kam-sel-a/-shun) [cancelli, lattice-work]. The quality of being cancellate ; cancellous structure. Cancellous (kan'-sel-us) [cancelli, lattice-work]. Re- sembling lattice-work. C. Tissue. See Tissue. Cancellus (kan'-sel-us) [cancelli, lattice-work]. A space, or unit of structure, in cancellous bone; any one of the minute divisions in Spongy bone. The spongy, lattice-work texture of bone. Cancer (Āan/-ser). See Carcinoma. carcinoma with an alveolar structure. C. aquaticus. Synonym of Stomatitis, Gangrenous. C.-bandage, a crab-shaped bandage; a split-cloth of eight tails. C.-cell, a peculiar cell sometimes seen in adenoid cancer and in sarcoma. It was formerly thought to be pathognomonic of the malignant quality of a tumor. C., Clay-pipe. See C., Smokers’. C., Colloid, one containing colloid material. C. en cuirasse, dis- seminated lenticular cancer of the skin. C.-Juice, the milky fluid yielded by the cut surface of a hard cancer on scraping. C., Melanotic, a malignant pigmented form. C., Smokers’, epithelioma of the lip due to the irritation of a pipe. C.-root, a name of Æpiphegus virginiana, Aphyllon uniflorum, Conopholis americana and other plants vaunted as cancer-cures. The above are all either root-para- sites or saprophytes. Unof. See Aphyllon. C.-r. Beech-drop, a name for a plant used as a local ap- plication for cancer. C.-weed, Premanthes alba, a plant. C.-wort, Zinzeria spuria and Z. elatine, European herbs. Cancerate (kan'-ser-āt) [Kapktvoc, a crab]. cancerous ; to be developed into a cancer. Canceration (Åan-ser-a/-shun) [Kapkivog, a crab]. De- velopment into a cancer; the assumption of malig- nant qualities by a tumor. Cancerous (kan'-ser-us) [Kapkivoc, a crab]. the qualities of a cancer; malignant. Canchalagua (%an-cha-la/-gwah) [Sp.]. A Spanish- American name for various plants, chiefly of the [canalis , a channel]. C., Alveolar, a To become Having 257 CANINE genus Erythraea, (as AE. chilensis, E. venusta, E. tri- chantha). They are bitter tonics, with the qualities of gentian. Unof. Canchasmus (Åan-Åaz/-mus) [Kaykaoplóc, loud laugh- ter]. Hysterical or immoderate laughter. Cancriform (kang/-Ariform) [cancer, a crab ; forma, form]. Resembling a cancer in appearance. Cancrisocial (Æang-Aris-o/-sha/) [cancer, a crab ; socias, a companion]. In biology, a communalistic associa- tion of sea-anemonies, sponges, molluscs, etc. on the shell inhabited by a hermit crab. Cancrivorous (Åang-Ariv'-o-rus) [cancer, a crab ; vorare, to eat]. Applied to animals that feed upon crabs. Cancroid (Áang/-Éroid) [cancer, a crab]. Cancer-like; semi-malignant. C. Ulcer. See Aºodent Ulcer. Cancroin (Æan/-äro-in) [cancer, a crab]. A substance (said to be identical with neurin), introduced by Adam- kiewicz as a material for hypodermatic injection in cases of malignant disease, it being regarded by him as an alexin destructive of cancer-tissue. Cancrophagous (Åang-Aroff’-ag-us) [cancer, a crab ; payev, to eat]. Same as Cancrivorous. Cancrum (Æang/-Arum) [L., “a cancer”]. A cancer or rapidly-spreading ulcer. C. Oris, also called Canker of the Mouth, Gangrenous Stomatitis, Moma, Gangrenous Olceration of the Mouth. It is a disease of childhood between the ages of one and five, char- acterized by the formation of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces of the cheeks or lips. There is but slight pain, but the prostration is great, and death usually results from exhaustion or blood-poisoning. The disease is generally the result of poor hygienic surroundings acting upon a debilitated system. C. Nasi, gangrenous rhinitis of children. - Candela (Aan-de/-/a/ ) [candere, to glow] I. A medi- cated candle for fumigation. 2. A wax bougie. Candle (£an/-d!) [candela, a candle]. A taper; a bougie. C.-berry, the bay-berry, Myrica cerifera, or its waxy fruit, from which a greenish wax is ob- tained. See Myrica. C.-fish Oil. See Aulachon? Oleum. C.-foot. See Unit Quantity of Zight. C.- house, an establishment in which candles are manufac- tured. C.-power, in photometry, the candle-power of a lamp is measured by the ratio of the illumination of the light considered to that of a standard candle, both sources being at the same distance from the object illuminated. Cane Sugar (Ādām-shug’-ar). See Saccharum. Canella (kan-e/-ah) [dim. of Canna, a reed]. The bark of C. alba deprived of its corky layer and dried. It is a native of the West Indies and is an aromatic tonic and bitter stomachic. Dose of the powdered bark, gr. xv-xxx. Officinal in the B. P. Canelle-Brown. Same as Phenylene Brown. Canescent (żan-es’-ent) [canus, white or hoary]. In biology, applied to the gray, hoary or white plumage or fur of animals and to the pubescence of plants. Canestrini, Bacillus of. See Bacteria. Canine (ka/-nin or Åa-min/) [canis, a dog]. Partaking of the nature of, relating to, or resembling a dog, or the sharp tearing-teeth of mammals, located between the incisors and the molars. C. Appetite, bulimia, Q. v. C. Eminence, a prominence on the outer side of the upper maxillary bone. C. Fossa. See Aossa. C. Laugh, a sardonic smile, or grin. C. Madness, rabies, hydrophobia. C. Muscle, the levator anguli oris. See Muscles, Table of C. Teeth, dentes canini; cynodontes; dentes laniarii; dents angulaires; cuspidati; conoides; eye-teeth. The cuspid teeth next to the lateral incisors; so called from their re- semblance to a dog's teeth. 17 CANINIFORM Caniniform (AEaſt-in/-iform) [caninus, pertaining to the dog; forma, shapel. Applied to teeth resembling Can IIlêS. Canis (ka/-nis) [L., “a dog”]. genus of animals. C. rabiosa. A/hobia. Canities (Äan-ish/-e-ez) [Lat.]. Poliosis; hoariness; hair-blanching; Trichonosis cana; Trichonosis discolor; a premature or senile, partial or universal decoloriza- tion of the hair, the change varying from black or brown through every gradation to the whiteness of wool. This change may be physiologic or pathologic, gradual or rapid, general or confined to localized patches. Canker (£ang’-Aer) [carecruze, a cancer]. An ulcera- tion of the mouth, or any ulcerous or gangrenous sore; cancrum Oris ; in farriery, a fetid abscess of the horse's foot. See Cancrum Oris. C.-rash. Synonym of Scarleſ Aezer. Canna (kan/-ah) [Kávva, a cane]. A genus of large- leaved marantaceous plants. C. indica, has an acrid and stimulant root ; it is alterative, diuretic and dia- phoretic. Unof. The rhizome of C. speciosa affords cazzzza-starch, or tous-les-mois; a good substitute for true arrow-root. C. Starch. See Tous-les-mois. Cannabene (AEam/-ab-ên). See Cannabis. Cannabin. See Cannabis. Cannabinin (kan-a/-in-in) [cannabis, hemp). A volatile alkaloid from cannabis indica. Cannabinon, Cannabinone (Aam-ab/-in-àn) [cannabis, I. The dog. 2. A Synonym of Hydro- hemp). An amorphous bitter resinoid from Indian hemp, used as an hypnotic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Cannabis (Áan/-ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian hemp. The flowering tops of C. sativa, of which there are two varieties, C. zedica and C. amzericazza, the former being the more potent. They contain a resin, cannabin, and a volatile oil, from which are obtained Cannabenze Cls Hoo, a light hydrocarbon, and Hydrid of Cannabene, a crystalline body. It is an antispasmodic, anesthetic, narcotic, and a powerful aphrodisiac. In large doses it produces mental exaltation, intoxication, and a sensa- tion of double-consciousness. It is a valuable hypnotic in delirium tremens, and is useful for painful affections of the bladder and for functional impotence. Ahang, Gunja/, Churrus, and Hashish are the various Indian names by which the drug is known. Strychnin and faradism are antagonistic. C. Indica, Ext., dose gr. %—j. C. Ind., Ext. Fld, an alcoholic preparation. Dose muj-v. C. Ind., Tinct., contains 15 per cent. of the drug. Dose muxx—g j. Cannabin Tannate, the tannate, a glucosid. Dose as a hypnotic gr. v-x. Cannabism (Æan/-ab-izm) [cannabis, hemp). The habitual use of Cannabis indica; ill-health caused by the misuse of Cannabis indica. Cannabist (Āan/-a/-äst) [cannabis, hemp). to the use of Cannabis indica. Cannel Coal (Aam/-el Ad/). See Coal. Cannoid (Áan/-oid) [kávva, a reed ; eldog, form]. Tubular, as the skeleton of certain radiolarians. Cannon-bone (Aan/-on bān). One of the functional and complete metacarpal or metatarsal bones of a hoofed quadruped, supporting the weight of the body upon the feet. * Cannula (Żam/-u-lah) [dim. of canna, a tube]. A surgical instrument consisting of a tube or sheath obliquely pointed and a stiletto. It is used for tap- ping and draining tumors and cavities. .. Cannulated (kan'-u-la/-ed) [cannula, a little tube]. Made hollow.: as a cannulated needle. Canguoin's Paste. A paste of flour, water, and zinc chlorid; it is a powerful escharotic. A devotee 258 CANTUS GALLI Cantani’s Diet. An exclusive meat-diet in diabetes. Canterbury Bell (kan'-ter-ber-e bel). See Campanula. Cantering Rhythm (4am/-ter-ing rithm). See Aruit de Galop. . Canthal (kan'-thal) [Kav06c, a canthus]. Relating to a canthus. Canthariasis (&am-thar-i/-as-is) [káv6apoc, a kind of beetle]. A term proposed by Hope for the diseases that originate from the presence in the body of coleop. terous insects or their larvae. Cantharidal (Aan-t/ar/-id-al)[kavôapic, a blistering fly]. Relating to or containing cantharides. Cantharides (Äan-ſhar/-id-22). Plural of Cantharis. Cantharidin (&am-thar'-id-in) [Kavtapſc, a blistering fly], Ciołł,0,. The bitter principle contained in Spanish flies and other insects; it crystallizes in prisms or leaflets, and melts at 218°. It has an ex- tremly bitter taste, and produces blisters on the skin. See Cantharis. Cantharidism (kan-thar'-id-izm) [Kavtapſc, a blistering fly]. Cantharidal poisoning. Cantharis (&am/-4%ar-is) [Kauffaptº, a blistering fly: p!., Cantharides]. Spanish Fly. The dried body of a species of beetle, C. vesicatoria (nat, ord. Coleoptera). It contains a powerful poisonous principle, cantharidin, CoPH10O. Locally applied, cantharis is a rubefacient and vesicant; internally it is an irritant, causing gastral- gia and vomiting. In toxic doses it produces severe gastro-enteritis, strangury, and priapism. It is used chiefly as an external counter-irritant in the form of “blisters.” C., acetum (B. P.), of the strength of 3 iſ to Oj. . C., Ceratum, cantharides 32, yellow wax I8, resin I8, lard 22, oil of turpentine 15. C., Ext., Ceratum, cantharides 30, resin 15, yellow wax 35, lard 35, alcohol q. S. C., Charta, cantharides I, Can- ada turpentine I, olive-oil 4, spermaceti 3, white wax 8, water IO parts. Charta epispastica (B.P.), blistering- paper (white wax, spermaceti, olive-oil, resin, Canada balsam, cantharides, distilled water). Collodium cantharidatum, cantharides 60, flexible collodion 85, chloroform q. S. C. cum picis emplast., Warm- ing Plaster, Burgundy pitch 92, cerat. canthar. 8 parts. Emplastrum calefaciens (B. P.), cantharides, ex- pressed oil of nutmeg, yellow wax, resin, resin-plaster, soap-plaster, boiling water. C., emplastrum (B. P.), cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared lard, resin. C., liniment., cantharides 15, oil of turpen- tine q. S. ad IOO. C. Tinct., contains 5 per cent. of the drug. Dose muj-xx. C., unguent. (B. P.), can- tharides, yellow wax, olive oil. Canthectomy (kan-thek/-to-me) [kavóóg, canthus; ëKTopºff, a cutting out]. Excision of a canthus. Canthitis (Áan-thi/-tis) [Kavóóg, canthus; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a canthus. Cantholysis (kan-thol/-is-is) [Ravóóg, canthus; Ağaç, a loosening]. Canthotomy with section of the ex- ternal canthal ligament. - Canthoplastic (AEam-tho-plas/-tić) [Kavöög, the canthus; Tââooetv, to form]. Relating to canthoplasty. Canthoplasty (kan'-tho-plas-de) [Kav66g, the angle of the eye; tāāooetv, to form]. A surgical operation for increasing the size of the palpebral fissure by cutting the outer canthus. Canthorraphy (AEam-thor/-a-ſe) [kav6óg, canthus; baff, a seam]. A surgical operation to reduce the size of the palpebral fissure by suture of the canthus. Canthotomy (kan-thot'-o-me) [Kavóóg, canthus; Tôum, a cutting]. Surgical division of a canthus. Canthus (Åan/-thus) [kav66g, canthus]. The inner or outer angle formed by the juncture of the eyelids. Cantus galli (AEanſ/-us ga/-ä) [L., “cock-crowing”]. Same as Child-crowing. CANULA Canula (kan'-u-lah). See Cammula. Canutillo (Aahn-oo-te/-yo). See Zepopote: Caoutchouc (AEoo-choo/) [S. American]. India-rubber. The chief substance contained in the milky juice that exudes upon incision of a number of tropical trees belonging to the natural orders Euphorbiaceae, Arto- carpaceae, and Apocynaceae. The juice is a vegetable emulsion, the caoutchouc being suspended in it in the form of minute transparent globules. When pure, caoutchouc is nearly white, soft, elastic, and glutinous; it swells up in water without dissolving; the best solvents are carbon disulphid and chloroform. It melts at about 150° C., and decomposes at 200° C. . Capacity (kap-as/-īt-e) [capacitas, capacity]. Mental receptivity; passive (or active) mental capability; moral or legal responsibility. C., Vital. See Vital. Capax Doli (4a/-paks do' *} See Doli Capaz. Capelina (%ap-el-i/-nah). See Capistrum. Capeline (Aap/-el-in). See Bandage. Capeman's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Caper (Āa/-per). See Caſparis. Capiat (ża/-pe-at) [L., “let it take]. An instrument intended for use in removing remnants of the placenta, polypi, or the like, from the uterine cavity. Capillaire (Áap-i/-är/) [Fr.]. The plant Adiantum capi/. /us veneris, a species of maiden-hair, fern ; also a cough-syrup prepared from the same. See Adiantum. Capillarity (Áaft-iſ-ar/-it-e) [capillus, a hair]. Capillary attraction : the force that causes fluids to rise in fine tubes or bores, or in very thin chinks. In an electric battery, the disturbing effects of the proper action of a voltaic cell caused by capillary action. Capillary (£ap/-il-a-re, or Åap-i/-ar-e) [capillus, a hair]. . I. A minute blood-vessel connecting the Smallest ramifications of the arteries with those of the veins. Also a very minute fissure of the skull. Also the intercellular biliary passages. 2. Hair-like : relating to a hair, or to a hair-like filament, or to a tube with a hair-like bore. C. Attraction capillarity. C. Bron- chitis. See Aronchitis. C. Embolism. See Embo- /ism. C. Fissure, C. Fracture, a linear fracture, without displacement. C. Nevus. See AVævus Vas- cularis. C. Pulse, a visible change of color or an artificial blush in aortic regurgitation. C. Vessels, the capillaries. Capillaries, Meigs's, branching capillaries discovered by A. V. Meigs in the human heart. C., Pulmonary, a name used to designate the plexuses beneath the mucous membrane, on the walls and septa of the alveoli of the lungs. Capilli (Aap-i/-ä) [Plural of Capillus, hair]. In biol- ogy, applied to the hairs on the front and top of an insect’s head. Capilliculture (%ap-i/-e-kul-châr) [capillus, hair; cul- tura, culture]. Systematic treatment for the improve- ment or restoration of the hair. Capilliculus (Åaft-iſ-ić/-u-lus) [dim, of capillus: £7, Capilliculi). Any one of the very smallest of the capillary vesicles. Capillifolious (Åaft-iſ-if-o'-le-us) [capillus, hair; folium, a leaf J. Characterized by hair-like leaves. Capilliform (kaft-i/-iform) [capillus, hair; forma, form]. Hair-shaped. Capillitium (Æaft-iſ-ish'-e-um) [capillus, the hair]. In biology, the hair-like threads within the spore-cases of many fungi. Capillus (Åap-i/-us) [L. : pl., Capilli]. hair of the head. Capistrum (&ap-isſ-trum) [L., a muzzle or halter; pl., Capistra]. I. A bandage for the head or for the lower jaw. Called also Capelina. 2. In biology, a mask or hood-like coloration of the face and part of the head in certain birds. A hair; the 259 CAPRIFY Capital (Æap/-it-a!) [caput, the head]. I. Pertaining to the head, or to the summit of a body or object. 2. Of great importance; as a capital operation in Surgery. Capitalis reflexa (Aap-it-a/-lis reſleks/-a/). rent bandage for a stump. Capitate (Äap/-it-àº) [caput, head]. In biology, hav- ing a head or a head-like termination. Capitellate (Aap-it-e/-ä) [capitel/um, a little head]. In biology, bearing Small heads. Capitellum (Æap-it-e/-um) [dim. of caput]. The rounded, external surface of the lower end of the humerus. Capitiluvium (Æap-it-el-zº'-ve-um) [caput, head; /uere, to wash]. A washing or bathing of the head; a wash for the head. Capitopedal (Æap-it-o-ped/-al) [caput, a head; £es, foot]. In biology, pertaining to or near the junction of the head and foot. Capitular (Aap-iº/-u-lar) [caput, head]. Pertaining to a capitulum or head. C. Process of a vertebra, one with which the head of a rib articulates. Capitulum (Æap-it/-u-ſum) [capitulum, a small head]. In anatomy and biology, the enlarged terminal por- tion of an organ, plant, or animal, as the head of a bone; the enlarged free portion of a stalked animal; the knobbed end of an antenna or of an insect's poiser; a dense cluster or head of flowers, leaves, or spores in plants. C. of Santorini, a small elevation on the apex of the arytenoid cartilage corresponding in posi- tion to the posterior extremity of the vocal band. Cappa (Āap/-ah). The ectocinereal lamina of the mesen- cephal. Cappagh Brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of Capparis (&ap/-ar-is) [L., the caper-bush]. A genus of shrubs including the caper-bush, C. spinosa. Its flower-buds (capers) are pickled, or made into a piquant sauce. The bark of the root and the flowers are official remedies in some countries (as Spain); it is diuretic, cathartic, depurative, stimulant. Unof. Cappazwoli’s Test. See Tests, Table of Capped Elbow (Aapde/-bow). See Shoe-boil. Capped Hock (žapal/ hok). In farriery, the develop- ment of a bruise at the point of the hock of a horse, with the formation of an hygroma, the result of rub- bing or striking that part against the partition of the stall. Capped Knee (£apd/ me). A dropsical collection in the bursa in front of the knee-joint of the horse, Capranica's Tests. See Tests, Zable of Caprantilopine (Kap-ran-fi/-o-pin) [capra, a she-goat; antilopinus, antelope]. Uniting the characters of a goat and an antelope. Capre (£ap/-er). See Mulatto. Capreolar (kaft-re/-o-lar), Capreolary (Kap’-re-o-la-re), Capreolate (Kap’-re-o-lāt) [capreoſus, a tendrill. In biology, climbing, furnished with tendrils; in anatomy. resembling tendrils, as the spermatic vessels, vasa capreolaria. C. Vessels, the spermatic vessels, from their twined and twisted appearance. A recur- Capreolus (Åap-reſ-o-'zes) [capreolus, a wild goat; a tendril of a plant]. tendril of a plant. Capric Acid (Áap/-rić asſ-id). See Acid. Caprification (AEaſ-riftić-a'-shun) [capriftcus, the wild- fig tree]. In biology, the process of hastening ferti- lization and ripening of cultivated figs by the introduc- tion of gall-insects, by hanging a branch of the wild fig in the tree, or planting a wild fig in the midst of the fig orchard. - Caprify (kap/-rifti) [capriftcus, the wild-fig tree]. To fertilize by means of Caprification, q.v. I. A buck or he-goat. 2. The CAPRILOQUIUM Capriloquium (&ap-riſ-o’-Awe-um) [caper, a goat; 407teč, to speak]. Same as AEgophony. Caprin (£ap'-rin) [caper, a goat]. An oily and flavor- ing constituent of butter; glycerin caprate. Caproic Acid (Áap-ro'-ić asſ-id). See Acid. Caprolactone (Áap-ro-la/-ton) [caper, a goat; lac, milk], CsPilo(). A compound obtained from brom- caproic acid on heating the latter with water. It is a liquid boiling at 200°. Caprone (Äap/-ron) [caper, a goat], CnH2,O. Caproic ketone; a clear, volatile oil found in butter, and form- ing the larger part of the oil of rue. Caproylamin (£aft-ro-i/-am-in) [caper, a goat; amin], CSHis N. Hexylamin. A ptomaine found in the putre- faction of yeast. Caprylic Acid (Áaft-riſ/-ić asſ-id). See Acid. Capsella (Aap-se/-ah). [dim. of capsa, a box]. The leaves and stems of C. bursa pastoris, common in tem- perate climates. It is considered an excellent hemo- static and antiscorbutic, and is slightly stimulant and astringent. Unof. C. bursa pastoris. See Shep- /herd’s Azerse. Capsicin (%ap/-sis-in), C, H, O,. The active principle of Cayenne pepper. It is a thick, yellowish-red sub- stance, Scarcely flowing at ordinary temperatures, but becoming very limpid if warmed. See Capsicum. Capsicol (AEa/-sić-ol) [capsicum ; oleum, oil]. A red oil obtainable from the oleo-resin of capsicum. Capsicum (&a/-sić-tºne) [capsa, a box; gen, Capsici]. Cayenne Pepper. The fruit of C. ſasſigiatum, native to tropical Africa and America. Its odor and hot taste are due to a volatile oil, capsicin, C, H, O, which is irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. Internally, it is a stomachic tonic, diuretic and aphrodisiac. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, flatulent colic, and in in- termittent fever. C., emplastrum, prepared from the oleoresin and resin plaster. C., Ext. Fld. Dose m V-3.j. C., linimentum, I in Io, for chest affec- tions, rheumatism, etc. C., Oleoresin, Ethereal. Dose muj-v. C., Tinct., contains 5 per cent. of capsicum. Dose mux–3 j. Capsitis (AEaſ-si'-'is). Same as Capsulitis. Capsula (Żaft/-su-Zah) [capsula, a small box]. The in- ternal capsule of the brain; it is the thick layer of fibers between the caudatum and thalamus mesad and the lenticula laterad ; it is continuous with the crura caudad, and its expansion is called the corona. Capsular (ſºap' *g [capsula, a small box]. Pertain- ing to a capsule. . Artery, the middle suprarenal artery. See Arſeries, Table of C. Ligament, the sac or membranous bag that surrounds every movable joint or articulation. It contains the synovial fluid. C. Vein, the supra- renal vein. See Vein. Capsule (Aap/-sii/) [dim. of capsa, a chest]. A tunic or bag that encloses a part of the body or an organ. In biology, the investment of a part or organ, as a de- hiscent pod or seed-vessel, the egg-case of an insect, the test of a radiolarian. Also, in pharmacy, a small, spheroidal shell composed of glycerin and gelatin, divided so that the parts fit together like a box and cover. It is used for the administration of nauseous and repulsive medicines. C., Bonnet's, the posterior portion of the sheath of the eyeball. C., Bowman's. See Złowman’s Capsule. C., External, a layer of white nerve-fibers forming part of the external bound- ary of the lenticular nucleus. C.-filler, a contrivance consisting of a funnel, tube and plunger, or other device, used for introducing medicines into capsules. C. of Glisson, the cellulo-vascular membrane envel- oping the hepatic vessels. C., Internal, a layer of nerve-fibers beneath and on the inner side of the optic thalamus and caudate nucleus, which it separates 260 CARANNA from the lenticular nucleus, and containing the con- tinuation upward of the crus cerebri. C. of the Lens, a transparent, structureless membrane enclosing the lens of the eye. C., Malpighian, the commence. ment of the uriniferous tubules. See Malpighian Bodies. C., Suprarenal, the ductless glandular body at the apex of each kidney. C. of Tenon, the tunica vaginalis of the eye. Capsuliferous (£op-sill-iſ-er-us) [capsula, a little box; Jerré, to bear]. In biology, producing capsules. & Capsulitis (&ap-su-lèſ-tis) [capsula, a small box; trac, inflammation]. ... Inflammation of the capsule of the lens, or of the fibrous capsule of the eyeball. Capsulo-ciliary (Áap-su-lo-siſ/-e-a-re) [capsula, a little box ; ciliuºli, an eyelid]. Relating to the capsule of the lens and to the ciliary organ. Capsulogenous (Åap-sii/-oj/-em-us) [capsula, a little box; gena, born J. Capsule-producing, as the cocoon or capsule-glands of the earthworm. * Capsulo-1enticular (kap-su-lo-'em-tik/-u-lar) [capsula, a little box; ſenticula, a lentil]. Relating to the lens and to its capsule. - Capsulo-pupillary (AEaſ-su-lo-puſ-pi/-a-re) [capsula, a little box; pupilla, the pupil of the eye]. Relating to the capsule of the lens and to the pupil. Capsulotome (kap/-su-lo-tom). See Cystotome. Capsulotomy (Áap-su-/ot/-o-me) [capsula, a capsule; Téuvetv, to cut]. The operation of rupturing the capsule of the crystalline lens in cataract-operations. Captage (cap-tahſ) [Fr.]. The measures to be applied to a natural spring of water, to secure the entire pro- duct of the spring, and the purity of the water, by the prevention of any admixture of deleterious or foreign matter. . Captation (£ap-ta/-shum) [captare, to desire]. The first or opening stage of the hypnotic trance. Capucin Madder (kop/-u-sin mad/-er). Conspectus of Capuron, Cardinal Points of. See Pelvis. Caput (kap/-ut) [L.]. I. The head; also the chief part or beginning of an organ. 2. The cephalic or precornual portion of the caudatum of the prosen- cephal. C. coli, the head of the colon. C. cornu posterioris. Same as C. gelatinosum. C. gallina- ginis. See Verumontanum. C. gelatinosum, the name given to the translucent gray matter covering the dorso-mesal periphery of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. It is a nervous substance composed of numerous closely crowded nerve-elements, with an intricate intervening plexus of very fine nerve-fibrils, derived from the dorsal (posterior or “sensory”) nerve-roots. C. medusae. See Medusae, Caput. C. obstipum. Synonym of Wºy-neck. C. quadratum, the rectan- gular head of rickets, flattened upon the top and at the sides, with projecting occiput and prominent frontal bosses. C. succedaneum, a tumor composed of a sero-sanguineous infiltration of the connective tissue situated upon the presenting part of the fetus. Caraboid (AEar/-aē-oid) [Kápagoc, a carabus; eiðog, See Pigments, form]. In biology, the second larval stage of certain insects. ‘. . Carajura (£ar-ah-ſu/-ra/.) [Brazil]. Same as Chica A'ed. Caramania Gum. See Bassora Gum. Caramel (kar'-am-el). [Fr., burnt sugar]. Cane-sugar deprived of two molecules of water. It is a viscid, brown-colored liquid. Caranna (Aar-an/-ah), [Sp., caraña]. An aromatic oleo- resin produced by the tree Protium carama, of trop- ical America; it was formerly used in plasters: also a name for similar gummy resins from Icica altissima, Bursera acuminata, etc., all tropical American trees. CARAPA Carapa (Aar'-ap-ah) [caraipi, a native Guiana name]. A genus of tropical meliaceous trees. C. gui- anensis has an antispasmodic and febrifuge bark, and its seeds afford carapa oil, a protective against insects and vermin. C. touloucouna, of W. Africa, and C. indica, of Asia, have similar properties. Unof. Carate (kah-rah/-te) [S. America]. I. A skin-disease local in tropical America, marked by blue, brown, scarlet, or rosy patches on the skin; it is usually confined to persons not of the white race. 2. A kind of camphor produced in S. America from the plant Momordica charantia. Carauna (%ar-aw/-nah). See Caranna. Caraway (Aar'-ah-wa). See Carum. Carbacidometer (karð-as-id-om/-et-er) [carbo, a coal; acidum, acid; puérpov, a measure]. A form of air- tester for estimating the amount of carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere of a room or compartment. Carbamic Acid (Áar-bam/-ić asſ-id). See Acid. - Carbamid (kar'-bam-id, or -mid) [carbo, a coal; amid], CH, N,0. Urea. Amid of carboxyl. It is prepared from urine, and crystallizes in long, rhombic prisms or needles that have a cooling taste. It is soluble in one part of cold water and in five parts of alcohol, but almost insoluble in ether; it melts at I32°; at a higher temperature it decomposes into ammonia, ammelid, biuret, and cyanuric acid; it is found in urine and in various animal fluids. Carbanil (Aar/-ban-il) [carbo, a coal; anilin], C, HSNO. Phenyl isocyanate; a compound produced in the distillation of oxanilid. It is a mobile liquid, boiling at I63°, and has a pungent odor, provoking tearS. - Carbanilamid (kar-ban-i/-am-id) [carbo, a coal; ani- lin, amid], C.Hs N. Phenylurea; prepared by evaporating the aqueous solution of anilin hydrochlo- rid and potassium isocyanid. It forms needles easily soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether, and melting at I44–I45°. Carbanilid (Aar-ban/-iſ-id) [carbo, coal; anilin], Cls His N,0. , Diphenyl urea; a compound formed by the action of phosgene gas on anilin, or by heating carbanilamid with anilin to 190°. It consists of silky 261 CARIBOHYDRATE needles, easily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingly soluble in water, and melts at 235°. Carbasus (AEar/-bas-us) [Kápſ3aoa, cotton]. Gauze; thin muslin used in surgery. C. carbolata (N. F.) carbolized gauze. C. iodoformata (N. F º form gauze. Carbazol (AEar/-baz-o/) [carbo, coal; azotum, nitrogen], C1, Hºn. Diphenylimid; a body produced when the vapors of anilin are conducted through a tube heated to redness. It is a by-product in the manufacture of anilin. It dissolves in hot alcohol, ether, and benzene, and crystallizes in colorless leaflets that melt at 238°. Carbazotate (kar-baz-o/-tät) [carbo, a coal; azotum, nitrogen]. Same as Picrate. Carbazotic Acid (kar-baz-of/-i}). See Picric Acid. Carbo (Aar'-bo) [L.]. A coal; charcoal. C. ani- malis, animal charcoal; bone-black; it is used in pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry largely as a decolorizing-agent and as a filter. C. animalis puri- ficatus, purified animal charcoal. C. ligni, wood- charcoal; an absorbent, disinfectant, and deodorizer, used in poulticing wounds and dressing ulcers. Given powdered, in capsules, it relieves gastric irritation. Carbohydrate (Äar-bo-hi/-drat) [carbo, coal; idop, water]. An organic substance containing hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion in which they form water: that is, twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms, and usually six carbon atoms or some multiple of six- The carbohydrates form a large group of interesting organic compounds, and may be arranged into three groups: the glucoses (monoses); the disaccharids, or sugars; and the polysaccharids. The glucoses are the aldehyd-derivatives or ketone-derivatives of the hexa- hydric alcohols, into which they may be converted by the absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They are mostly crystalline substances, very soluble in water, but dissolving with difficulty in alcohol. They possess a sweet taste The disaccharids and poly- saccharid's are ethereal anhydrids of the glucoses. All of them may be converted into the glucoses by hydrolytic decomposition. The disaccharids are ether-like anhydrids of the hexoses. A Table of Carbohydrates is added. C., Test for. See Tests, Table of y , iodo- SERIES OF THE CARBOHYDRATES. I. GLUCOSES. NAME. FORMUL.A. FERMENTATION. OPTIC ACTIVITY. REDUCING POWER. Monoses. Glycerose, . . . . . C3H6O3 Erythrose, . . . . . C4HsO4 te Pentoses. e Arabinose, . . . . . C5H10O5 Unfermentable. Reduces Fehling’s solution. Xylose, . . . . . . . C5H10O3 Unfermentable. Reduces Fehling’s solution. Rhamnose, . . . . . C6H12O5 Unfermentable. Reduces Fehling's solution. He aroses. Mannose, . . . . . . C6H12O6 Fermented by yeast. Exists in three forms: Reduces Fehling's solution. I, dextro-rotatory ; 2, levo-rotatory; 3, inactive, Glucose, . . . . . . CGH12O6 Fermented by yeast. Exists in three forms: Reduces Fehling’s solution. I, dextro - rotatory; 2, levo-rotatory; 3, inactive. Galactose, . . . . . C6H12O6 Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Reduces Fehling's solution. Fructose, . . . . . . - C6H12O6 Fermented by yeast. Levo-rotatary. Reduces Fehling's solution. CARBOHYDRATE CARBOHYDRATE 262 SERIES OF THE CARBOHYDRATES.—Corzzzzzzzed. I, GLUCOSES. NAME. FORMUL.A. FERMENTATION. OPTIC ACTIVITY. REDUCING PoweR. Sorbinose, . . . . . C6H12O6 Unfer men table by tº tº Reduces Fehling’s solution. yeast. Methyl-hexose, . . C7H1406 Heptoses. Manno-heptose, C7H14C7 U n fermen table by * yeast. Gluco-heptose, . . . C7H14C7 Un fermen table by {} = yeast. Gala-heptose, . . . C7H1407 Un fermen table by yeast. Methyl-heptose, C8H16O7 Unfer men table by yeast. Octoses. Manno-octose, CSPH16O8 Unfer men table by yeast. Momoses. - - Manno-nonose, . . . C9H18O9 Fermented by yeast. tº Reduces Fehling's solution. 2. DISACCHARIDS. Saccharose (Cane-Su- gar), . . . . . . . . C12H22O11 Unfer men table by Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solution. yeast. & Lactose (Milk-Sugar), C12H22O11 + H2O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Reduces Fehling's solution on boiling. Maltose, C12H22O11 + H2O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Reduces Fehling's solution. Mycose (Trehalose), C12H22O11 + 2H2O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solution. Melebiose, Melitose (Raffinose), . | C18H32O16 + 5H2O | Fermented by yeast. | C12H22O11 3. TRISACCHARIDS. Dextro-rotatory. | Does not reduce Fehling's solution. Melezitose, . . . . . . C18H32O16+ 2H2O tº e | Dextro-rotatory. | 4. POLYSACCHARIDS. REDUCING PoweR AND FER- NAME. FORMUL.A. OPTIC ACTIVITY. IODIN REACTION. MENTATION. Starch (Amylum), CGH10O3, or Dextro-rotatory. Blue coloration. Fermentable. C36H62O31 Paramylum, C6H10O6 Negative. Lichenin (Moss-starch), CoH10O5 Dextro-rotatory. Dirty blue color. g Inulin, . . . . . . . . C6H10O3 Yellow color. Glycogen (A nim a l g starch), . . . . . . . CoH10O3 Dextro-rotatory. Reddish-brown color. Fermentable. Cellulose, . . . . . . . C12H20O10 Dextro-rotatory. Blue color. tº e is The Gums. - * Dextrin, . . . . . . CoH10O3 Dextro-rotatory. tº º Does not reduce Fehling's solu- tion. Unfermentable. , Arabin, . . . . . . . (C5H10O3)2 + H2O Dextro-rotatory. tº º Does not reduce Fehling’s solu- tion. Unfermentable. Bassorin (Vegetable uni ), C6H10O3 Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solu- tion. Unfermentable. CARBOHYDRATURIA Carbohydraturia (Aar-bo-hi-drat-u/-re-ah) [carbohy- drate ; oipov, urine]. The presence of an abnormally large proportion of carbohydrates in the urine. Carbolic (Aar-bo/-ié) [carbo, a coal; oleum, oil]. Containing or derived from coal-tar oil. C. Acid. See Acid, Carðolic. C. Mask, Curschmann’s res- pirator for use in fetid bronchitis. It is fastened in front of the nose and mouth, and contains cotton in a special receptacle, impregnated with carbolic acid, equal parts of carbolic acid and alcohol, turpentine, creasote, etc. Carbolism (AEar/-bol-izm) [carbo, a coal; oleum, oil]. Carbolic-acid poisoning: a diseased state induced by the misuse or maladministration of carbolic acid. Carbolize (£ar/-bol-iz) [carbo, a coal; oleum, oil]. To impregnate with carbolic acid. To render aseptic or antiseptic by the use of carbolic acid. Carboluria (Aar-bol-u/-re-ah) [carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil; oipov, urine]. The presence of carbolic acid in the urine, producing a dark discoloration. It is one of the signs of carbolic-acid poisoning. - Carbon (AEar/-bon) [carbo, charcoal]. Charcoal. C = I2; quantivalence II, IV. A non-metal occurring in the various forms of diamond, graphite or “black lead,” and charcoal. In medicine only the last named form is employed, which may be, C., Animal, useful as a deodorant and disinfectant, as it readily absorbs and aids in oxidizing many gases. It is used internally to absorb fermenting products of digestion. Carbo animal., purificat., purified animal charcoal. Dose gr. xx-3 j. C. Cataplasma (B. P.), charcoal poultice ; wood-charcoal I, bread-crumb I, linseed meal 3, boiling water 20. C. dioxid, the acid, gas- eous product, having the composition of CO, com- monly known as “carbonic acid gas,” or carbonic acid. It is a colorless gas having a sp. gr. of I. 52, Soluble in cold water, and possessing a pungent smell and an acid taste. Inhaled, it destroys animal life by asphyxiation. In solution, it is an excellent refrigerant and stomachic. Its inhalation is fatal in a short time, even when diluted with 95 parts of air. It is a pro- duct of respiration. It is used in medicine for inhala- tion in whooping cough, asthma, and to stop hiccough. It is also used as a local anesthetic in minor surgery. C. disulphid, bisulphid of carbon, CS, a colorless, transparent liquid of offensive odor, highly inflamma- ble, very poisonous. A good solvent for caoutchouc. A diluted spray of it is recommended in diphtheria. Dose mu SS—j. Carbo ligni, wood charcoal. C. mon- oxid, CO, carbonic oxid, a colorless, tasteless, and inodorous gas, one of the products of imperfect com- bustion. When inhaled it is actively poisonous. C. tetrachlorid, CC1, anesthetic, recommended locally for asthma, by inhalation. Unof. See Azaesthetic. C. oxysulphid, a body, COS, formed by conducting sulphur vapor and carbon monoxid through red-hot tubes; it is a colorless gas, with a faint and peculiar odor. It unites readily with air, forming an explosive mixture. It is soluble in an equal volume of water. It is present in the waters of some mineral springs. Carbonaphtholic Acid Acid alpha-oxynaphthoic. Carbonemia (Aar-bom-e'-me-ah) [carbon, charcoal; alua, the blood]. A word denoting the accumulation of carbon dioxid in the blood. - Carbonic Acid (Áar-bon/-ić asſ-id). oxid. Carbonis detergens, Liquor. See Pix. Carbonization (£ar-bon-iz-a/-shum) [carbo, coal]. The process of decomposing organic substances by heat without air, until the volatile products are driven off and the carbon remains. See Carbon di- 263 (kar-bom-aſ-thol/-ić). See CARCINOMA Carbonyl (AEar/-bon-il) [carbo, charcoal]. thetic organic radical having the formula CO. Carbostyril (Aar-bo-stir/-il) [carbo, charcoal; styrax, storax], CoPI, NO. Oxyquinolin; a compound pre- pared by digesting quinolin with a bleaching-lime solu- tion. It crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, and from alcohol in large prisms, that melt at I98–199°. Carboxyl (Aar'-bo4s-i/) [carbo, charcoal; 6:vg, sharp]. The atomic group, CO.OH, characteristic of the organic acids. The hydrogen of this can be replaced by metals, forming salts. Carbuncle, or Carbunculus (AEar/-bung-kel, or Åar- bung/-ku-lus) [carbo, a live coal]. A hard, circum- scribed, deep-seated, painful inflammation of the sub- cutaneous tissue, accompanied by chill, fever, and constitutional disturbance. It differs from a boil in having greater size, a flat top, and several points of Suppuration. It is erroneously called anthrax. Carbuncular (kar-bung/-ku-/ar) [carbo, a live coal]. Pertaining to a carbuncle. C. Disease. See An- thracosis. Carbunculo contagioso. Synonym of Anthrax. Carbyl (kar'-bil) [carbo, charcoal; Wºm, matter]. A name given by Magnus to the hydrocarbon ethylene when it acts as a basic radical. Carbylamin (AEar-biſ-am-in) [carbo, charcoal; amin]. I. A name for hydrocyanic acid. 2. One of a series of compounds parallel to, and isomeric with, the nitrites, characterized by their ready decomposition by dilute acids into formic acid and amins. They are colorless liquids that can be distilled, and possess an exceedingly disgusting odor. They are sparingly soluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Carcassonne's Ligament. See Zigament. Carcerule (AEar’-ser-oo!) [carcer, a prison]. In biology, a many-celled, many-seeded, indehiscent pericarp. Carcharodont(£ar-Āar/-o-dont)[kápxapog, sharp, jagged; öðoic, tooth]. In biology, having compressed, tren- chant, acute, pointed teeth, as sharks and snakes. Carcinoid (Áar/-sin-oid) [Kapkivog, a crab ; eiðog, shape]. In biology, crab-like. Carcinology (AEar-sin-o/-o-je) [Kapkivoc, a crab ; 26 yety, to speak]. The systematized knowledge of crusta- ceans, or crabs, etc., a department of zoölogy. Carcinoma (AEar-sin-o’-mah) [Kapkivoua: Rapkivog, a crab, thus called from the appearance of the veins]. A malignant tumor, characterized by a network of connective tissue whose areolae are filled with cell- masses resembling epithelial cells. See 7umors, Table of C., Chimney-Sweepers'. See Apithe- lioma. C., colloid (Alveolar), affects chiefly the alimentary canal, uterus, peritoneum, etc.; the deli- cate connective-tissue stroma is filled with colloid matter in alveoli, or cysts. C. cutis, cancer of the skin. See Epithelioma. C., desmoid. See Hodg- Ain's Zisease. C., encephaloid, is of rapid growth, with a small amount of stroma, large alveoli, and greater amount of cells and blood-vessels. Hematoid (bloody), Osteoid (in bones), Pillous (papillary), etc., are other varieties, encephaloid in character. C., epitheliomatous, or squamous-celled, the cells resemble Squamous epithelium, and they invade the adjacent tissue in a columnar manner. C. lenticulare, the most common form of cutaneous scirrhus. It begins as small, shot-sized, flattish, red papules, that enlarge to the size of a pea, bean, or filbert, most of them projecting above the surface, while others are subcutaneous. They are generally seated on a red or violaceous surface, and these coalesce into large irregular masses that sooner or later break down, ulcerate, and fungate, sometimes bleeding profusely. A hypo CARCINOMATOUS The patient soon dies of exhaustion. C., lipomat- ous, contains cells infiltrated with fat. C., medullary. Same as C., Encephaloid. C. melanodes, similar to C. Lenticulare, but marked by dark-blue, brown or black papules, that break into fungous growths. C., melanotic, has cells filled with dark pigment. C., scirrhous, or Hard, most commonly in the breast; it has a stout fibrillated stroma, closely packed with large nucleated cells. C. tuberosum, a rarer form of cutaneous scirrhus in which the nodules are of a larger size, even up to that of a hen’s egg. The patient speedily dies of exhaustion consequent upon ulceration of the tubercles. C., Stiles’s Test for; the excised part is washed in a five per cent. solution of nitric acid for ten minutes, washing it then in cold water for five minutes. The carcinomatous tissue appears a dull-white, the normal tissue translucent. Carcinomatous (AEar-sin-o’-mat-us) [Kapkivog, a crab]. Relating to or affected with carcinoma. Carcinomorphic (AEar-sin-o-mor/ºftA) [Kapkivog, a crab ; popºff, form]. In biology, resembling a crab. Carcinophagous (AEar-sin-off’-ag-us) [Kapkivog, a crab ; payeiv, to eat]. Feeding upon crabs and other crus- taCeanS. Carcinosis (AEar-sin-o’-sis) [Kapktvog, a crab]. I. A can- cerous cachexia; a tendency to the development of malignant disease. 2. A form of cancer, usually fatal, beginning generally in the uterus or the stomach and spreading to the peritoneum. C., Acute, rapidly fatal carcinosis. C., Miliary, carcinosis in minute foci. Carcinus (AEar/-sin-us) [Kapkivog, crab]. cer, or Carcinoma. Cardamom (AEar/-dam-own). See Cardamomum. Cardamomum (Æar-dam-o/-mum) [L. ; Sen. Carda- momi J. Cardamom. The fruit of Æ/e/taria repens, cul- tivated in Malabar. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, Clo Hig. It is an aromatic, carminative stomachic, used as an ingredient of Ševeral “bitters.” It is useful when combined with purgatives to prevent griping. C., infusum. Unof. Consists of cardamom 3.j, water O}4. Dose a wineglassful. C., Tinct., IO per cent. strength. Dose 3.j-ij. C., Tinct. Comp., cardamom 20, cinnamon 20, caraway IO, cochineal 5, Same as Can- glycerin 60, dilute alcohol, 7. s. ad IOOO parts. Dose 3.j-ij. Carden's Operations. See Operations, Table of Cardia (AEar/-de-a/) [Kapòia, the heart]. The heart. C. of the Stomach, the esophageal orifice of the stomach. Cardiac (AEar/-de-a/) [Kapóta, the heart]. Pertaining to the heart. C. Aspect, that nearest the heart. C. Cycle, the total cardiac movement or revolution. C. Dropsy. See Dropsy. C. Dulness, the region covering the position of the heart, as shown by percussion. C. Dysp- nea. See Z}/spnea. C. Epilepsy, a rare affec- tion, with intense pain in the region of the heart, occurring in paroxysms. This paroxysm usually follows a momentary loss of consciousness, and at times is associated with twitching of the facial and silences to the events. muscles and other spas- modic movements. C. Facies. See Facies. C. Ganglia, lie in the grooves and substance—the CARDIAC CYCLE. The inner circle shows the events that occur in the heart; the outer circle shows the relations of the sounds 264 CARDIOCELE principal are Remak’s and Bidder's, the first on the surface of the sinus venosus, and the latter (two) at the auriculo-ventricular groove. See Gang/ia, Table of C. Impulse, the elevation caused by the movement of the heart, usually seen in the fifth left intercostal space. C. Murmurs. See Murmurs. C. Orifice, of the stomach, the esophageal orifice. C. Passion, pain in the heart, or the stomach. C. Plexus. See Alexus. C. Rhythm, the term given to the normal regularity in the force and volume of the individual heart-beats. In cases of cardiac in- sufficiency this regularity is disturbed to a greater or less degree, as is also the interval between the beats, and this condition has been termed arrhythmia. The name allorrhythmia has been applied to various per- versions of rhythm. These abnormal conditions are due very probably to some derangement of the intrinsic nerve-apparatus of the heart, and are considered as un- favorable indications. Cardiagra (Āar-de-a/-grah) [Kapóta, heart; āypa, seiz- ure]. Gouty attack of the heart. Cardialgia (Aar-de-a/-je-ah) [Kapóta, heart; &Ayoc, pain]. A term loosely used as a synonym of gastro- dynia in general, heartburn, and stomachic pains on the left side. Cardiamorphia (%ar-de-am-or/-fe-ah) [Kapóta, heart; à priv.; uoppi, form]. Deformity or malformation of the heart. Cardianastrophe (kar-de-an-asſ-tro-ſe) [Kapóia, heart; âvao Tpopff, a turning back]. Displacement of the heart to the right side of the chest. Cardianeuria (£ar-de-ah-nu/-re-ah) [Kapóta, heart; & priv.; veipov, a nerve]. Lack of nerve-stimulus to the heart. - Cardiant (żar/-de-ant) [Kapóta, the heart]. I. Affect- ing the heart. 2. A remedy that affects the heart. Cardiarctia (kar de-ark' -te-ah) [Kapóta, heart; arctus, bound]. Cardiac stenosis. Cardiastbma (kar-de-a2/-mah) [Rapóta, heart; āotua, asthma]. Dyspnea or so-called asthma due to heart- disease. Cardiatelia (%ar-de-ah-teſ-le-ah). See Atelocardia. Cardiatrophia (kar-de-at-ro-'-fe-ah) [Kapóta, heart; âtpopia, wasting]. Atrophy of the heart. Cardiauxe (Aar-de-awks/-e) [Kapóta, heart; aiśm, in- crease]. Enlargement of the heart. Cardicentesis (kar-de-sen-teſ-sis). See Cardiocentesis. Cardiechema (kar-de-ek-e'-mah) [Kapóta, heart; #xmua, sound ; pl., Cardiechemata]. A sound produced in or by the heart. Cardiectasis (Aar-de-eń/-fas-is) [Kapóta, heart; Škraotſ, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the heart. - Cardielcosis (Aar-de-el-Ao’-sis) [Kapòia, heart; 8%kwatc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the heart. Cardiemphraxia (Aar-de-em-fražs/-e-ah) [Kapòia, heart; suppašic, obstruction]. Obstruction to the blood-cur- rent in the heart. Cardieurysma (Żar-de-at-riz'-mak) [Kapóta, heart; eipic, wide). Dilatation of the heart, Cardiform (AEar/-diform) [cardus, a card; forma, shape]. In biology, having the teeth set as in a card. Cardinal (Aar/-din-al) [cardo, a hinge]. A chief or principal part. , C. Flower, a common name for sev- eral species of Zobelia, chiefly Z. 'cardinalis, C. Points. See Eye, Diagrammatic. C. Points of Capuron. See Pelvis. C. Veins, the venous trunks which, in the embryonic stage, form the primitive jugu- lar veins. Cardiocele (kar'-de-o-sel) [kapóia, heart; Khºm, tumor]. Hernial protrusion of the heart, chiefly through the diaphragm. * CARDIOCENTESIS Cardiocentesis (kar-de-o-sen-teſ-sis) [Kapòia, heart; kévrmouc, puncture], Surgical puncture and aspiration of one of the chambers of the heart. Cardioclasia (Aar-de-o-º/a/-ze-a/.) [Kapóta, heart; kžágic, rupture]. Rupture of the heart. Cardiocrystallus (Åar-de-o-Aris-ta/-us) [Kapòia, heart; kpúcražog, crystal ; pl., Cardiocrystallil. A heart crystal; a microscopic white crystal sometimes found in the tissues of the heart. Cardiodemia (kar-de-o-deſ-me-ah) [Kapóta, heart; Omuág, fat]. Fatty heart; fatty degeneration of the heart. Cardiodynia (Aar-de-o-din'-e-a/) [Kapóia, heart; 60üum, pain]. Pain in or about the heart. Cardiogmus (kar-de-og/-mus) [Kapóta, heart; 67/10ſ, a furrow]. Angina pectoris; cardialgia; palpitation; aneurysm of a vessel near the heart; exophthalmic goiter. C. strumosus. Synonym of Æxop/t/a/mic Gozfer. Cardiogram (AEar/-de-o-gram) [Kapóta, heart; Ypáupa, a writing]. The tracing made of the cardiac impulse by the cardiograph. See, also, Aeart. Cardiograph (Aar'-de- o-graf)[Kapóta, heart; ypáðety, to write]. An instrument for regis- tering graphically the modifications of the pulsations of the heart. Cardiographic (# a r- de-o-graf’-ić)[ſcapóta, the heart; Ypáſpelv, to write]. Pertaining to or recorded by the cardiograph. Cardiography (ćar-de- og/-ra-ſe) [Kapóia, the heart; Ypápetv, to write]. I. The use of the cardio- graph. 2. A description of the anatomy of the heart. Cardiohemothrombus (Åar-de-o-hemi-o-º/ roºm/-öus) [kapóia, heart; alua, blood; 0.06p3oatſ, a becoming curdled]. Heart-clot. Cardio-inhibitory (AEar-de-o-in-hib/-it-o-re) [Kapóta, the heart; inhibere, to restrain]. Pertaining to the dim- inution of the heart's action. C.-i. Center, located in the oblongata. C.-i. Nerves, the fibers of the spinal accessory supplied to the vagus. Cardiolith (£ar/-de-o-lith) [Kapóia, heart; Aibog, a stone]. A cardiac concretion. Cardiology (Kar-de-o/-o-je) [Kapóta, heart; Wöyoç, dis- course]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the heart. Cardiomalacia (Aar-de-o-mal-a/-se-a/) [Kapóta, heart; plažakia, softness]. Morbid softening of the substance of the heart. Cardiomegalia (Aar-de-o-meg-a/-le-ah) [Kapòia, heart; puéyag, large]. Cardiac enlargement. Cardiometer (kar-de-om/-et-er) [Kapóta, heart; puérpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the force of the heart's action. Cardiometry (AEar-de-on/-et-re) [kapóta, the heart; plétpov, a measure]. The estimation of the size and dimensions of the heart (as by means of auscultation and percussion). Cardiopalmus (Aar-de-o-paſ'-mus) [Kapóía, tražuác, palpitation]. Palpitation of the heart. Cardiopathy (kar-de-op’-a-the) [Kapóta, heart; Tábog, disease]. Any disease of the heart. Cardiopericarditis (Áar-de-o-per-e-Aar-d:/-tis) [Kapóia, heart; trepi, around; Kapòia, the heart; truç, inflam- mation]. Carditis and pericarditis together; inflam- mation of the heart-tissues and of the pericardium. CARDIOGRAPH OF v. KNOLL. t. Exit tube. e. Spring. p. Button. (Landois.) heart; 265 CARICOLOGIST Cardioplegia (kar-de-o-ple/-je-ah) [Kapóía, heart ; T27%, a stroke]. Paralysis of the heart. Cardio-pneumatic (AEar-de-o-nu-mat/-ä) [Kapóía, heart; Tveijua, the breath]. Pertaining to the heart and the breath. C.-p. Movements. Those move- ments of the air in the lungs that are caused by the pulsations of the heart and larger wessels. Cardio-pneumograph (Aar-de-o-nze/-/no-graf) [Kapòia, heart; Tveiga, breath; Ypágetv, to write]. An in- strument designed for graphically recording cardio- pneumatic movements. Cardiopuncture (Aar-de-o-pumé/-chūr) [Kapóta, heart; punctura, a puncture]. I. Cardiocentesis. 2. Any surgical or vivisectional puncture of the heart. Cardiopyloric (Aar-de-o-pi-/or/-ić) [Kapóia, heart; Trvžopóg, a gate-keeper]. Referring to both the cardiac and pyloric portions of the stomach. Cardiorrhexis (kar-de-o-reks/-īs) [Kapóia, heart; h;tc, rupture]. Rupture of the heart. Cardiosclerosis (Aar-de-o-sk/e-ro’-sis) [Kapóta, heart; ak%mpóetv, to harden]. Induration of the tissues of the heart. See Aibroid Æeart. Cardioscope (AEar/-de-o-sköp) [Kapóta, heart; oroteiv, to view]. An instrument for the observation of the movements or of lesions of the heart. Cardiostenosis (AEar-de-o-ste-mo/-sis) [Rapóta, heart; arévootſ, narrowing]. Constriction of the heart, especially of the conus arteriosus; also the develop- ment of such a constriction. Cardio-thyroid Exophthalmos (AEar/-de-o-thi-roid eks- off-tha/-mos). Synonym of Exop/t/a/mic Goiter. Cardiotomy (AEar-de-of/-o-me) [Kapóta, heart ; Tou%, cut- ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the heart. Cardiotopography(Aar-de-o-to-pog/-ra-fe)[Kapóta, heart; TóToç, place; Ypáðelv, to write]. The topography or topographic anatomy of the heart and the cardiac area. Cardiotoxic (Kar-de-o-toks/-īk) [Kapóia, heart; Tošuków, poison]. Having a poisonous effect upon or through the heart. Cardiotrauma (Kar-de-o-traw'-mah) Tpaiga, a wound]. heart. Cardiotromus (Åar-de-off’-ro-mus) [Kapóia, heart; Tpó- Hog, a quivering]. A fluttering or slight palpitation of the heart. Cardiovascular (kar-de-o-vasſ-ku-lar) [Kapòia, heart; vasculum, a small vessel]. Both cardiac and vascular; pertaining to the blood-vessels of the heart. Carditic (AEar-diº/-ić) [Kapóia, the heart; tric, inflamma- tion]. Relating to or affected with carditis. Carditis (Áar-di/-tis) [Kapóta, the heart; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the heart. C., Internal. Synonym of Ændocardiºis. Cardo (Aar’-do) [cardo, a hinge]. In biology, a hinge- joint, as that of a bivalve shell or the maxilla of an insect. Cardol (AEar/-do/). See Anacardium. Carduus (AEar/-du-us) [L., a thistle]. The seeds of C. marianzas, St. Mary’s thistle, and C. benedictus, blessed thistle. A decoction of the former, 3 ij ad Oj, con- stitutes an old and popular remedy for hemoptysis. The latter is also a popular cure-all, used mainly as a tonic bitter. Dose of decoction 3.j-3ss; of a tinc- ture, mix—xx. Carferal (AEar/-fer-al) [carbon, charcoal; ferrum, iron; aluminum.] A proprietary combination of carbon, iron oxid, and clay; it is used as a filtering material for water. Carica Papaya (kar/-ić-ah pap-a/-yah). Caricin (£ar/-is-in). See Papain. Caricologist (kar-ik-o/-o-fist) [carex, sedge; Aéyetv, to speak]. A student of sedges. [Kapóta, heart; Traumatism or wound of the See Papain. CARICOUS Caricous (Åar/-ić-us) [carica, a fig]. a Carl COuS tunnDr. Caries (AEa/-re-ez) [caries, rottenness]. flammation of bone with rarefaction or absorption of bony tissue, followed usually by pus-formation; molecular death of bone, with the accompanying process, as ulceration. C. fungosa, tuberculosis of a bone with attached sequestrum, the meshes of the latter being filled with granulations growing into them from the inner surface of the cavity. C., necrotic, when portions of the bone lie in a suppurating cavity. C. sicca, a form of tuberculous caries characterized by absence of suppuration, obliteration of the cavity of the joint, and sclerosis and concentric atrophy of the articular extremity of the bone. C. of Spine, or Pott's Disease, osteitis of the bodies of the vertebrae and intervertebral fibro-cartilage, producing curvature of the spine. C. of Teeth, a chemical decomposition of the earthy part of any portion of a tooth, accom- panied by a partial or complete disorganization of the animal framework of the affected part. Carina (kar-i/-na/.) [carina, the keel]. In biology, one of many keel-like structures; as the breast-bone of most birds, the median piece to the carapace of a cirriped, etc. Carinate (AEar/-in-at)[carinatus, keel-shaped]. Keeled. Carinated Abdomen (AEar/-in-a-fed ab/-do-men). See Scaphoid Abdomen. Cariniform (kar-in/-if-orm) [carina, keel; forma, shape). In biology, applied to the keel-like fins of certain fishes, and to other structures. Carino-lateral (kar-in-o-lat/-er-al) [carina, a keel; latus, side]. Placed at the side of the carina of an animal. Cariol (AEa/-7-e-o/). A poisonous active principle ob- tainable from parsley. It resembles apiol in its physiologic effects, but produces a peculiar uterine vas- cular congestion; it is useful in genito-spinal atomy. Unof. Carious (&a/-re-us) [caries, rottenness]. Pertaining to or affected with caries. C. Teeth, Effects of; carious teeth may occasion facial neuralgia, facial paralysis, sciatica, hemiplegia and spinal irritation, paraplegia, tetanus, headache, chorea, insanity, etc. Carissa (Aar-is/-ah) [L.]. schimperi. See Ouabain. Carius, Method of. A method for the quantitative determination of halogens. The substance, weighed out in a small, glass tube, is heated together with Fig-shaped, as A genus of shrubs. C. concentrated HNO, and silver nitrate to from 150° to . 300°C, in a sealed tube, and the quantity of the result- ing silver haloid determined. Carlsbad Water. A famous mineral water used largely for chronic affections of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, gout, and diabetes. Carmin (AEar/-min) Cº. HisOro. A coloring-matter extracted from Cochimea/, 7. v. C. Naphtha. See Pigments, Conspectus of C. Red. Same as Cochineal. Carminant (żar/-min-ant) [carmen, a charm]. I. Carminative. 2. A carminative agent or medicine. Carminative (Aar-min/-at-iv) [carmen, a charm]. A calming or soothing medicine, chiefly for children, that acts by relieving pain from flatulence. Carminic Acid (Aar-min/-iſ as'-id) See Acid. Carminophile (Aar-min/-o-fi/) [carmin, pºeiv, to love. J Readily stainable with carmin. Carnal (AEar/-mal) [carnalis, fleshly]. Pertaining to flesh. C. Knowledge, sexual intercourse. In foren- sic medicine it signifies penetration merely, which penetration need only be vulval without seminal emission. 266 A chronic in- epilepsy, hysteria, CARPAGRA Carnauba (Āar-na-oo'-bah) [Braz.]. The root of Corypha cerifera, a wax-producing palm-tree of tropi- cal America. It is used in Brazil as an alterative and resembles sarsaparilla in its properties. Dose of the fld. ext, m xxx–3 j. Unof. C. Wax, obtained from the leaves of the carnauba-palm, Copernicia cerifera, of Brazil. Its specific gravity is .999 and its melting- point 185° F. (84°C.). It is brittle and of a yellowish color. It is extensively used in the manufacture of candles. Carneous (Åar/-me-us) [carneus, of flesh]. C. Columns. See Columna Carned. Carnification (£ar-nifié-a/-shum) [caro, flesh; fieri, to become]. A term indicating the alteration of tis- sue to an unnatural, fleshy appearance. Also, the amyloid degeneration of certain tissues. Carnin (AEar/-nin) [caro, flesh], C, HsV,Oa. A leu- komaine isolated from American meat-extract, but not from muscle-tissue itself; also obtained from yeast and wine. It crystallizes in white masses composed of very small irregular crystals; it is soluble with great difficulty in cold, readily soluble in hot water, insolu- ble in alcohol and in ether. It is not thought to be very poisonous, but experiments made by Brücke show that it causes a fluctuation in the rate of the heart-beat. Carnivorous (Åar-niv/-o-rus) [caro, flesh; vorare, to devour]. In surgery, caustic, escharotic; flesh-eating. Carnochan's Operations. See Operations, Zable of Carnose (AEar/-nós) [carmosus, fleshy]. Resembling or having the consistence of flesh. Carnosity (kar-mos/-īt-e) [carnosus, fleshy]. growth or excrescence. Carnot's Doctrine. An absurd theory advanced as an objection to vaccination. It is the doctrine of the “ displacement of mortality.” Carnot claimed that while certain diseases (small-pox, measles, croup, etc.,) were decreasing, other diseases (cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery) were increasing, and that vaccination was the cause of all the disturbance. Caro (Áa/-ro) [L. J. Flesh; muscular tissue. Caroba (Aar-o/-bah) [L.]. The leaflets of Jacaranda procera and of Cybistax antisyphilitica. It is a popular Brazilian remedy as an emeto-cathartic, alterative, and tonic in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the flá, ext. m, xv-3 j. Unof. Carobin (£ar-o'-bin) [caroba]. An alkaloid said to be found in the leaves of /acarana'a procera. Carolina (Aar-o-li/-nah ) [Carolus, Charles]. A name given to two Southern States of the Union. C. All- spice. See Calycanthus. C. Pink. See Spigelia. Carotic (Aar-off/-īk) [kápoc, stupor]. Of the nature of carus; 'stupid ; stupefying. Carotico-clinoid (Áar-of/-ić-o-º/ö/-noid) [Kápoc, stupor; Kätvvc, a bed]. Relating to a carotid artery and a clinoid process of the sphenoid bone. Carotico-tympanic (Aar-of/-i}-o-time-pan/-īk) [kápog, stupor; tºuravov, a drum]. Relating to the carotid canal and the tympanum. Carotid (Áar-of/-īd) [Kapori; ; Kapéen, to produce sleep). 1. The principal (right and left) artery of the neck. (They were thought to give origin to sleep.) See Arteries, Zable of 2. Of or relating to either of the two great arteries of the neck, or their principal branches. See Cana/, Foramen, Gang/ion, AE/exus, etc. Carotin (AEar/-o-tim) [carota, carrot], CisłIg,O. An oily coloring matter found in carrot-root and tomato. It is a lipochrome. Carpadelium (&ar-pad-e'-le-um) [Kapitác, fruit; &ó7%0ſ, not manifest]. Same as Cremocarp. Carpagra (karø/-a-grah) [Kaptóg, the wrist; &Ypa, a seizure]." A sudden attack of pain at the wrist. Fleshy. A fleshy CARPAIN Carpain ſº.”. -in), C1, H, NO,. An alkaloid ex- tracted from the leaves of Carica papaya. It forms well-defined, beautiful crystals, with a very bitter taste, and melting at 115° C. It is recommended for the subcutaneous treatment of heart-disease. Dose, grain ſº to # subcutaneously, every day, or every second day. Carpal (Aarp/-al) [Kaprág, the wrist]. Pertaining to the wrist. C. Angle, in biology, the bend of the Wing. Carpale (Aar-pa/-le) [Kaprág, the wrist]. Any one of the wrist-bones. Carpel (Aar'-pel) [Kaprág, fruit]. In biology, the ovule-producing organ of a plant; a simple pistil, or the homologous portion of a compound pistil. Carpellary (AEar/-pel-a-re) [Kapíróg, fruit]. Containing, like, or belonging to a carpel. Carpen (karp/-en) [kapıróg, the wrist]. Belonging to the carpus in itself. - Carphologia (AEar-ſo-ſo'-je-ah). See Carphology. Carphology % -o-je) [káppoc, chaff; Wéyetv, to collect]. A symptom in delirious and dying persons consisting in picking at the bedclothes. It is generally looked upon as an unfavorable omen. Flocci.latio, or flocciſation, was the term formerly given to this symp- tom. - Carpobalsamum (kar-po-bal/-sam-um) [Kapítóg, fruit; 3áàgauov, balsam]. The fruit of Balsamodendron (Commiphora) opobalsamum, the Mecca balsam-tree; also a fragrant volatile oil from the same fruit. It is highly prized in the Orient. Unof. Carpocace (Aar-poA/-as-e) [Kapitác, wrist; Kakóg, bad]. A diseased condition of the wrist. Carpogenic (kar-po-jen/-i}) [Kapítóg, fruit; Yévng, pro- ducing]. Applied to the fruit-producing cell or sys- tem of cells in certain algae. - Carpognathite (Äar-pog’-math-it) [Kapitág, the wrist; yváffog, the jaw]. In biology, the fifth joint of the gnathopodite or foot-jaw of a crustacean. See Carpos. Carpogonium (Æar-po-go'-me-um) [KapTóg, fruit; yovog, producing]. In biology, the unfertilized female reproductive organ of certain thallophytes. Carpolith (AEar/-po-lith) [Kapiróg, fruit; Aidog, a stone]. I. A hard concretion formed in a fruit. 2. A petrified fruit. Carpology (AEar-pol/-o-je) [Kaprág, fruit; Aéyetv, to speak]. That department of botany that treats of fruits. Carpomania (Aar-po-ma/-ne-ah) [Kaptóc, fruit; uavia, madness]. In biology, the excessive production of fruit by trees that are cultivated. Carpo-metacarpal (Aar-po-met-a-kar’-pal) [Kaptróg, carpus; pletá, between, among ; Kaptóg, carpus]. Relating to the carpus and to the metacarpus. Carpo-pedal (AEar-po-ped/-al) [Kaptóg, carpus; pes, pedis, a foot]. Affecting the wrists or the hands and feet. C. Spasm, a spasm of the hands and feet, or of the thumbs and great toes, associated with the laryngismus stridulus of children. C. Contractions. See Con- traction. * Carpophagous (Åar-poff’-ag-us) [kapTóg, fruit; payeiv, to eat]. Applied to fruit-eating animals. Carpophore (kar'-posför) [Kapitág, fruit; pépelv, to bear]. In biology, the stalk or support of fruits, corresponding to the receptacle in the flower. Also an organ, in some thallophytes, that bears spores. Carpopodite (kar-pop/-o-dit) [Kapítóg, the wrist; Toig, the foot]. In biology, a part of the crustacean limb, i.e., the fifth joint of the endopodite. See Carpos. Carpoptosis (kar-pop-to/-sis) [Kaptóg, wrist; Trôoug, a fall]. Wrist-drop. Carpos (Áar'-pos) [Kapitác, wrist]. 267 In biology, the fifth CARTILAGE joint of any crustacean appendage (Bate). The same as Corpognathite and Ca/?opodite (Milne Edwards). Carpospore (Áar/-po-spor) [Kaptóc, fruit; otopá, seed]. In biology, the equivalent of spore. Carpostome (AEar/-po-stöm) [KapTóg, fruit ; otóua, mouth]. In biology, one of the narrow mouths or canals through which spores are discharged from the cystocarp or sporocarp. Carpotica (Aar-pot/-ik-ah) [KapTóc, fruit]. connected with pregnancy and childbirth. Carpozyma (Aar-po-zi/-mah) [KapTóg, fruit; ºpam, fer- ment]. A genus of fermentative microörganisms. C. apiculata, a widely-diffused alcoholic ferment found in all fruits. Carpue's Operation. See Operations, Table of Carpus (AEarp/-us) [KapTóc, the wrist]. The eight bones collectively forming the wrist. See Bones, Zable of Carr's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Carrageen, or Carragheen (AEar/-ag-én) [Carragheen in Ireland]. Irish moss. See Chondrus. Carragheenin (kar-ag-en/-in), CsPH10O3. A mucilagin- ous constituent of carragheen, apparently identical with pararabin. Carré's Apparatus. An apparatus for manufacturing ice by means of the evaporation of ether. Carriage (AEar/-āj). See Ward-carriage, Ambulance, Cacolet. Carrick Bend (Aar/-ić-bend). A form of knot for fasten- ing together two ligatures. The merit of the knot consists in the free end being held firmly between the two long portions. Carron Oil (AEar/-on oil). See Zimum and Calcium. Car-sickness (kar/-sik-nes). The well-known symp- toms of sea-sickness produced by journeying in railway CarS. Carswell's Grapes. Pulmonary tubercles when they occur by racemose distribution at the extremities of several adjacent bronchioles. See Diseases, Zable of Carter's Operation. See Operations, Table of C. Test. See Tests, Zable of Carthamin (AEarth/-am-èn) [Ar., gazzama, paint], Cia- HisO. The coloring-matter in safflower, the blos- soms of Carthamus tinctorius. It is precipitated from its soda solution by acetic acid as a dark-red powder, which, on drying, acquires a metallic luster. It dissolves with a beautiful red color in alcohol and the alkalies. It is used for surface-coloring or dyeing. See Pigments, Conspectus of Carthamus (AEarth/-am-us) [Ar., gartama, paint]. American or bastard saffron or safflower. The flowers of C. tinctorius. An infusion, “Saffron tea,” is a popular domestic remedy as a diuretic in measles and other exanthematous affections. Unof. Cartilage (AEar/-fil-āj) [cartilago, gristle]. Gristle; a white, semi-opaque, non-vascular tissue composed of a matrix containing nucleated cells. When boiled, cartilage yields a substance called Chondrin, 7.7. C., Articular, that lining the articular surfaces of bones. C., Bone-, bone that takes its origin from cartilage, and not from a membrane. C., Costal, that occupy- ing the interval between the true ribs and the sternum or adjacent cartilages. C., Ensiform, the third piece of the sternum. It is also called the xiphoid appendi.v. C., Epactal, small cartilaginous nodules on the upper edge of the alar cartilages of the nose. C., Hyaline, distinguished by a granular or homogeneous matrix. C., Fibro-, distinguished by a fibrous matrix. Carti- lages of Larynx, the cartilages of the larynx take part in producing the various modulations of the pitch and intensity of the voice. They are the thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, and a pair each of arytenoid, corni- cula laryngis, and cuneiform, g. v. C. of Meckel. Diseases CARTILAGIN See Meckel. C., Mucronate, the ensiform cartilage. C., Nasal, the cartilaginous framework of the nose, consisting of five pieces, the two upper and two lower cartilages, and the cartilage of the septum. C., Reticular, a peculiar cartilage found in the auricle of the ear, the epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes. Its peculiarity consists in a network of yellow elastic fibers pervading the matrix in all directions. C. of Santorini, a nodule at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage, the corniculum laryngis. C. of Weitbrecht, the interarticular fibro-cartilage that exists in the acromio-clavicular articulation. C. of Wrisberg, the cuneiform cartilages, one on each side of the fold of membrane stretching from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. C., Yellow. See C., Reticular. Cartilagin (AEar-fi/-aſ-in) [cartilago, cartilage]. A characteristic principle of hyaline cartilage. Boiling changes it into chondrin. Cartilaginification (AEar-ſiſ-aſ-in-iſ-ić-a/-shun) [car- filago, cartilage; facere, to make]. A change into cartilage. Cartilaginiform (kar-ſiſ-aſ-in/-iform) [cartilago, car- tilage; forma, form]. Resembling cartilage. Cartilaginoid (Áar-til-aj’-in-oid) [cartilago, cartilage; eiðoç, form]. Resembling cartilage. Cartilaginous (Åar-tiſ-a/-in-us) [cartilago, cartilage]. Made up of or resembling cartilage. Cartilago (Aar-áil-a/-go) [L. : gen., Carzilaginis]. Car- tilage. C. triticea, a small, oblong, fibro-cartilaginous mass, often found in the elastic ligament, the thyro- hyoid, connecting the Superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage with the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. Carum (ka/-rum) [Kápov, caraway]. Caraway. The seeds of C. caret?, indigenous to Europe and an allied species native to the Pacific coast of America. Its odor and taste are due to a volatile oil. It is valuable in infantile colic, but is used chiefly as a flavor. C., Aqua (B. P.). Dose 3.j—ij. C., Infusum, unof., 3 j—ij, ad Oj. Dose 3 ss-ij. C., Oleum. Dose muj-v. Caruncle (Äa, Z-ung-k/) [carumcula, dim, of caro, flesh], A small, abnormal fleshy growth. In biology, applied to certain elevations, protuberances, or excrescences on animals or plants, as the comb of a bird, the fleshy papilla at the inner canthus of the eye, the growths on insect larvae, and the small masses about the hilum of some seeds. C., Lachrymal, one upon the con- junctiva near the inner canthus. C., Urethral, a small, bright-red growth situated on the posterior lip of the meatus urinarius; a frequent condition in women. The caruncle varies in size from a hempseed to a fil- bert; it is very painful, especially during micturition and coitus, and bleeds readily. Caruncula (Żar-ung/-Au-lah) [dim. of caro, flesh: £/., Carumcula]. A caruncle. C. mammillaris, the olfactory tubercle, an eminence of gray matter between the roots of the olfactory nerve. Carunculae (Aar-ung/-/*u-ſe) [can uncula, a caruncle]. The nymphae. C. myrtiformes, the projections of membrane near the orifice of the vagina, thought to be the remains of the hymen after its rupture. They have also been found in the imperforated hymen. Caruncular (Aar-ung/-ku-lar) [carumcula, a caruncle]. Like or pertaining to a caruncle. Carus (AEa/-rus) [kápog, stupor]. Deep, lethargic sleep. C. cataleptica, catalepsy. C. ecstasis, trance, or catalepsy. C. lethargus, lethargy. Carus, Curve or Circle of. See Curve. Carvacrol (Aarv/-ak-rol) [Ital., carvi, caraway; diſpoc, sharp], Cin Hla, OH. A liquid body occurring in the oil of certain varieties of satureja. It is produced on heating carvol with glacial phosphoric acid. It is a thick oil, solidifying at low temperatures; it melts at O’ 268 CASCARA and boils at 236°. It has a very disagreeable odor and strong taste. It has been used to relieve toothache. Carvene (£arv/-èn) [It., carvi, caraway], Cio Hig. A hydrocarbon contained in caraway. It is a light ter- pene. See also Citreme. Carvol (Aarv/-ol) [It., carvi, caraway; oleum, oil], Cio HiſO. An aromatic alcohol isomeric with car- vacrol, and obtained from oil of cumin. It is an oil with a pleasant odor, boiling at 225° C. Caryoblast (&ar'-e-o-blast) [kápvov, a nucleus; 3%aoróg, a germ]. Any nucleated plastidule. Caryocinesis (Áar-e-o-sin-e'-sis) [kápvov, a nut (nu- cleus); kivmouc, movement]. See Karyokinesis. Caryocinetic (kar-e-o-sin-et/-ić). See Karyokinetic. Caryolysis (kar-e-o/-is-is) [kápvov, nucleus; Wüelv, to loose]. The process of the dissolution of cell-nuclei. Caryolytic (kar-e-o-lit"-i}) [kápvov, nucleus; Wüolç, dissolution]. Pertaining to Caryolysis. Caryomitosis (£ar-e-o-mit-o/-sis). See Karyomitosis. Caryophyllin (AEar-e-o-fi/-in) [kápvov, a nut; %%0v, a leaf J. Clo H16O or C20HsgO,. The neutral crystalline principle of cloves. It occurs in tasteless and odor- less silky acicular crystals, soluble in warm alcohol and ether. See Caryophyllus, Caryophyllus (Aar-e-o-ft/-us) [kápvov, a nut; pºov, a leaf). Clove. The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia caryophyllada, distinguished by their pungent, spicy taste. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, which is antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also contains a crystalline body, Eugenin, Ciołł1,O, and a camphor, Caryophyllin, Clo HigO. It is useful as a stomachic, and to prevent griping when combined with purgatives. C., Infusum (B. P.). A strength of I to 40 recom- mended. Dose 3.j—ij. C., Ol., contains an acid and a phenol compound. Dose muj-iv. It is used also by microscopists to clarify preparations and tissues for mounting. Caryoplasm (AEar/-e-o-plazm) [Kápvoy, a nucleus ; Tââoua, that which is formed]. The plasm of a cell- nucleus; nuclear plasm. Caryopsis (Áar-e-op/-sis) [kápvov, a nut; 5 plc, appear- ance]. In biology, an indehiscent dry fruit, like that of the wheat, in which the single seed is enveloped in the closely-adhering pericarp. Casali Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pig- 272é22.É. Casali’s Test. See Tests, Table of. Casamajor's Test. See Zests, Zable of Casaubon's Apparatus. One for charging water with CO, by the intermittent method. Casca Bark (žas/-kah baré). Sassy Bark; Ordeal Bark. The bark of Ærythroph/arum guinense, a tree native to Africa, with properties due to an alkaloid. It pro- duces nausea and vomiting. It is valuable in inter- mittent fevers, and is a more powerful heart-tonic than digitalis. C., Tinct., 25 per cent. in strength. Dose mix. Unof. C., Ext. Aq. Dose gr. j. C., Ext. Fld. Dose mºv—xv. Erythrophlein, the active alka- loid, unof., is locally an anesthetic. Cascadóe (Aas-Åad-o/-e). See Tinea imbricata. Cascara (Āas/-kar-ah) [Sp., “bark”]. The bark. C. amarga, Honduras Bark. The bark of a tree native to Mexico, much used as an alterative tonic in syphilis and skin-affections. C. Cordial, a trade preparation. Dose mixv-3 iſ. C., Fld. Ext. Dose 3 SS-j; of the powdered extract gr. v-x. Unof. C. Sagrada, Chit- tem. Bark, Sacred Bark. The bark of Rhamnus purshiana, or California Buckthorn. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is useful in the treatment of chronic constipation. All unof. Casc. Sagrad., Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. ii-viij. Casc. Sagrad., Ext. Liquidum (B. P.). Dose muv–3j. - CASCARILLA Cascarilla (kas-Kar-i/-ah) [Sp., dim. of casca, bark]. The bark of Croton eluteria, native to the Bahama Islands, an aromatic bitter, increasing the natural Se- cretions of the digestive organs. C., Infus. (B. P.). Dose 3.j-ij. C., Tinctura (B. P.). Dose 3 ss—ij. Cascarillin (AEas-Aar-i/-in) [cascarilla, dim. of casca, bark], C, H,0,. The active principle of cascarilla bark; a white, crystalline, bitter substance, scarcely soluble in water. Case (Ääs) [cadere, to happen]. A single instance or example of a disease. A covering, or box-like struc- ture. C., Brain-, the calvaria. C., Muscle-. See Muscle. C.-taking, the collection of memoranda and notes of an individual case for service in diagnosis or prognosis, or for use in a medico-legal inquiry. C., Trial-, in ophthalmology, a case containing various lenses for refracting the eye, etc. Caseation (£a-ze-a/-shum) [caseum, cheese]. The pre- cipitation of casein during the coagulation of milk. Also, a fatty degeneration of pus, tubercle, etc., in which the structure is converted into a soft, cheese- like substance. Casein (ka/-ze-in) [caseum, cheese]. A derived albu- min, the chief proteid of milk, precipitated by acids and by rennet at 40°C. It is closely allied to alkali- albumin, but contains more nitrogen and a large amount of phosphorus. It constitutes most of the curd of milk. Two varieties of C., Vegetable, have been described,—Legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and Conglutin, in hops and almonds. C. Saccharid, a compound of dry casein one part, cane-sugar nine parts, and sodium bicarbonate enough to render it slightly alkaline. It is useful in preparing emul- sions, whether of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or gum-resins. Caseinogen (ka-ze-in/-o-jen), [caseum, cheese; Yevvāv, to produce]. A peculiar substance occurring in milk, neither an alkali-albumin nor a globulin, but occupy- ing a distinct position among proteids. When acted upon by a digestive ferment it produces casein, or the curd of milk. Caseinogen is a proteid analogous to fibrinogen, myosinogen, etc. Caseose (AEa/-ze-ás) [caseum, cheese]. A product of the gastric digestion of casein. Caseous (Åa/-ze-us) [caseum, cheese]. Having the na- ture or consistence of cheese. Cashew (Aash-oo/). The cashew-nut, the product of Anacardium occidentale. See Acajou. Cashoo (Aash-oo/). Same as Catechu. Cassava (AEas-a/-vah) [Sp., casabel. The fecula of manioc, Jazzºpha manihot, separated from the juice. Unof. See Tapioca. Cassel Brown. Same as Vandyże Brown. C. Green. Same as Manganese Green. C. Yellow. See Con- spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Cassel's Operation. See Operations, Table of Casselmann's Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Cassena (AEas-e'-mah) [L.]. The Ilex cassine, the youpon- tree of the Southern U. S. Its leaves are expectorant, cathartic, emetic, and stimulant. Unof. Casser, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. C., Nerve of. See AVerves, Table of. Casserian Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of Cassia (cash’-e-ah) [Kaota, a perfume]. I. A genus of leguminous plants, several species of which afford Senna, 7. v. 2. An old name, still used commer- cially, for the coarser varieties of cinnamon. See Cin- namon. C. Bark, Cassia lignea. See Cinnamon. C. Buds, the immature fruit of Chinese cinnamon; used chiefly as a spice. C. marilandica, of N. America, produces the leaves called American senna, 269 CATABOLIC which are less active as a cathartic than the true senna. C. Oil, a variety of oil of cinnamon, used in pharmacy and in perfumery. C., Purging, is the fruit of a tree, C. fistula, growing in tropical regions. The pulp, C.Pulpa (B. P.), in 3.j-ij doses is a mild laxative. Cassideus (AEas-id'-e-us) [cassis, a helmet]. In biology, helmet-shaped. Cassimuniar, or Cassumunar (AEas-im-ne/-ne-ar, or Áas-um-u/-mar). The plant Zingiber cassumunar and its aromatic rhizome, formerly used like true ginger; now scarcely known in commerce or in phar- macy. It is tonic and stimulant. Unof. Cassius's Purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Cassonade (AEas-on-ād/) [Fr.]. A name formerly applied in the French colonies to Al/uscozado Sugars, g. v. Cast (AEast) [ME., castem, to throw]. I. A mass of fibrous or plastic material that has taken the form of some cavity in which it has been moulded. From their Source, casts may be classified as bronchial, intestinal, nasal, esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral, vaginal, etc. Of these, the renal casts are the most important, by reason of their significance in diseases of the kidney. Classed according to their constitution, casts are epi- thelial, fatty, fibrinous, granular, hyaline, mucous, sanguineous, waxy, etc. See Tube-casts. 2. To throw off; applied to labor in cattle. 3. Strabismus. Castanea (AEas-ta/-ne-ah) [L.]. Chestnut. The leaves of C. vesca. They contain tannic and gallic acids and other principles whose value is not known. They are used in infusion or decoction as a remedy for whooping-cough. C., Fld. Ext. Dose mu v.-lx. Castillon’s Powders. Powders containing sago, salep, tragacanth, of each 8 parts, prepared oyster-shells, 2, cochineal, I. They are used in treating diarrhea and dysentery. Casting (AEast'-ing) [ME., casten, to throw]. In den- tal mechanism, running fused lead, tin, zinc, or brass into a mould made in sand, with a plaster transfer of any portion or the whole of the alveolar border and so many of the teeth as may be remaining in it, and the palatine arch when it becomes necessary to adapt a plate to it. Castor (AEas/-tor). Oil. See A’zczzzz. Castoreum (&as-to’-re-um) [Káatop, the beaver]. The dried preputial follicles and their secretion, obtained from the beaver, Castor fiber. It is a reddish-brown substance with a strong odor. It is antispasmodic and stimulant, its action resembling that of musk. C., Tinct. Dose 3 ss—j. Unof. Castoria (Āas-toº-re-ah) [Káo Top, the beaver]. A pro- prietary medicine recommended as a substitute for cas- tor oil. See Castoreum. C. Bean and C. Castorin (kasſ-for-in) [káotop, the beaver]. A crystal- line substance obtained from castor. Castration (AEas-fra/-shun) [casfrare, to cut]. Orchec- tomy; the excision of one or both testicles. C., Fe- male, removal of the ovaries; oëphorectomy; spaying. Casts (kasts). See Cast, and 7ube-Cass. Casual (&as/-tt-a!) [casus, chance]. Fitted or set apart for the treatment of accidental injuries, as a casual ward in a hospital. Casualty (AEag/-it-a/-te) [casus, chance]. An accidental injury; a wound, or loss of life, accidentally incurred ; an injury in a battle. Catabasis (AEat-ab’-as-is) [Karáðagic, a descent]. decline of a disease. Catabolergy, or Katabolergy (#at-aē-o/-er-je) [Kará, down; 34% sty, to throw ; Śpyov, work]. Energy expended in katabolic processes. Catabolic (kat-ab-o/-ić) [Kará, down; 3622.stv, to throw]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, catabolism. The CATABOLISM Catabolism (AEat-ab/ -o/-īzm) [Katá, down ; 3á228tv, to throw]. Destructive metamorphosis; disassimilation; physiologic disintegration ; movement toward a cata- State. Catabythismomania (€at-aē-ith-iz-mo-ma/-ne-ah) [kat- advfliguóg, submergence; pavia, madness]. Insane impulse to suicide by drowning. Catabythismus (Åat-aē-iº/-iz'-mus) [Karaśvölguóg, sub- mergence]: Drowning; especially suicidal drowning. Catacathartic (AEat-ak-ath-ar/-tié) [Kará, down; ka- flápotº, purgation]. I. Purging. 2. A medicine or agent that causes purgation. Catacausis (AEat-ak-aw/-sis) [Kará, down; Kateuv, to burn]. Spontaneous combustion. Cataclasis (AEat-a/-las-is) [Katá, down; Kääew, to break]. A fracture. Catacleisis (kat-a/-ll/-sis) [Katákhetgig, a locking]. Clo- sure of the eyelids by adhesion or by spasm. Catacorolla (Żaf-a-ko-ro/-ah) [Katá, against; corolla, a little crown]. In biology, a secondary corolla either within or without the true corolla. Catacrotic (#at-ak-rot/-īk) [Katá, down; kpótoc, a striking]. Interrupting the line of descent in a sphyg- mogram. Catacrotism (AEaſ-ak’-rot-izm) [Katá, down; Kporóg, a striking]. An interruption or oscillation of the line of descent in a sphygmogram; the quality of being cat- acrotic or of being marked by oscillation in the sphyg- mographic line of descent. Catadicrotism, or Katadicrotism (£at-ad-iāz-rot-ism) [Kará, down; dikpotoc, double beating]. The occur. rence of a divided or double pulsation in the down- ward stroke of the sphygmograph. Catadidymous (Åat-ad-id"-im-us) [Kará, down; 6tów- ſtoc, twin J. Joined into one, as a twin monstrosity, but with a downward cleavage, so that the upper parts are double. Catadidymus (Åat-ad-id’’-im-us) [Kará, down; 6tóvuoc, twinj. A catadidymous monstrosity. Catadromous (AEat-ad’-ro-mus) [Katá, down; 6páuetv, running down]. In biology, applied to such fishes as descend rivers to spawn in the sea, e.g., the eel. Catagenesis (AEaſ-aſ-en’-es-is) [Katá, down ; yévêqug, generation]. In biology, the process of creation by retrograde metamorphosis of energy, or by the special- ization of energy (Cope). Catagma (Āat-ag’-mah) [KáTayua, a fracture: £7, Catag- maſa]. A fracture. Catagmatic (AEat-ag-mat/-ić) [Kárayua, a fracture]. I. Relating to or serviceable in cases of fracture. 2. A remedy that promotes the union of broken parts. Catagoglossum (Æat-ag-o-glos/-um) [Katáyetv, to draw down; YWögoa, the tongue]. A tongue-depressor. Catalepsia (AEat-a/-eft/-se-ah). See Catalepsy. C. arti- ficialis, artificial or hypnotic catalepsy. C. acces- soria, catalepsy associated with some other leading nervous affection. C. cerea, waxen catalepsy; cata- lepsy in which the limbs if placed in any given posi- tion will retain it as if they were made of wax. C. epidemica, the epidemic or imitative variety. C. spuria, or false catalepsy. See Acstasy. Catalepsy (AEat/-a/-eft-se) [Katá, down; %aſuffävely, to seize]. A peculiar neurosis characterized by loss of will and muscular rigidity, due to a diseased condition of the central nervous system. It occurs in those of the neurotic diathesis, and usually between the ages of 2O and 30 years. It is commonly associated with hys- teria, but may be found in conjunction with tetanus and the various psychoses. It often forms a part of the hypnotic state. See Somnambulism. C., Local, that affecting a single organ or group of muscles. C., Plastic. See Caſalepsia cerea. 270 CATAPHORA Cataleptic_(£at-a/-ep/-tić) [Kará, down; Waugávetv, to seize]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, catalepsy. Cataleptiform (AEat-a/-ep/-täform) [Kará, down; Aap. 8ávely, to seize ; forma, form]. Resembling cata- lepsy. Catalpa (AEat-a/-pah) [native Am. Indian]. A genus of American and Asiatic bignoniaceous trees. A. big- noniodes and A. speciosa, of North America, have astringent, anthelmintic, and tonic qualities; the leaves and pods are reputed anodyne, emollient, and antasth- matic. Unof. Catalysis (AEat-a/-is-is) [Karažíetv, to dissolve]. In chemistry, a reaction that appears to take place owing to the mere presence of another body that apparently undergoes no change. Catalytic (kat-a/-it/-īk) [Karažūeiv, to dissolve]. I. Of the nature of, or characterized by, catalysis. 2. Any medicine that is supposed to break down, destroy, or counteract morbid agencies existing within the economy. See Alterative. . Catamenia (AEat-am-e'-ne-ah) [Kará, concerning, accord- ing to ; piffy, month]. The recurrent monthly dis- charge of blood during sexual life from the genital canal of the female. Catamenial (£at-am-e'-ne-al) [Kará, concerning; uńv, a month]. Pertaining to the catamenia. Catantochasmus (Åat-an-to-kaz/-mus) [káTavra, down- ward; Adopla, an expanse]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and a line joining the anterior point of the fora- men magnum and the posterior nasal spine is less than 13°. Catantopylus (Åat-an-top'-il-us) [káTavra, downward; TöAm, an opening]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the anterior and posterior points of the foramen magnum is between one and eight degrees. Catantorrhinus (Åat-am-for-i/-mus) [káTavra, down- ward; big, the nose]. In craniometry, Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the wing of the vomer and the anterior nasal spine is between 19 and 16.5°. Catantostomus (kat-an-tosſ-to-mus) [Káravta, down- ward; otóga, the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and a line joining the premaxillary point and the wing of the vomer is between 9° and 25.5°. Catanturaniscus (Åat-an-tūr-an-isſ-Åus) [kátavra, downward; otpavtokoç, the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the posterior rim of the incisor foramen and the pre- maxillary point is between I* and 20°. Catanturanus (kat-an-tūr’-ān-us) [KáTavra, downward; oùpavóg, the palate]. In craniometry, Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the premaxillary point and the nasal spine is between 19 and 17°. Catapasm (AEat/-ap-azm) [KatáTaopia, powder]. A dry powder to be sprinkled upon the skin or upon a sore. Catapetalous (Åat-ap-et/-a/-us) [Kará, against; Tétažov, a leaf). In biology, applied to polypetalous flowers in which the bases of the petals are adherent to the bases of the stamens. Cataphasia (AEaſ-aſ-a/-ze-ah) [Katápagºg, assent]. A condition of imperfect consciousness, in which the patient repeatedly utters the same word or words spon- taneously, or in reply to a question. Cataphora (Āat-a/-o-rah) [Katapopá, a fall]. Lethargy; imperfect or restless coma, with intervals of coma-vigil. CATAPHORESIS Cataphoresis (kat-of-or-eſ-sis) [Karapépetv, to bring down]. The introduction of drugs into the system through the skin, by means of ointments or solutions. applied by the electrode of a battery. Cataphoric (AEat-aſ-or/-ić) [Kará, down; popéetv, to carry]. Passing, or causing a passage, from the anode to the kathode, through a diaphragm or septum. Cataphract (AEat/-aſ-ra/ºt) [Katappáktmg, a coat of mail]. In biology, the protective armor-plates or Scales of some animals. Cataphracted (AEat/-af-rak-ted) [Karáppaktoc, mailed]. In biology, protected by an armor of thick skin, heavy plates or scales. Cataphyllum (Æat-af-i/-um) [Kará, down ; pºov, a leaf). In biology, a rudimentary scale-like leaf, as a cotyledon or bud-scale. * Cataplasis (AEat-ap'-'as-is) [Kará, down; Tââoug, forma- tion]. The stage of decline in the individual life. Cataplasm (AEat/-aft-dazm) [KatáTAaopia, a poultice]. See Poultice. C., Emollient. See Species emo/ientes. Cataplasma (kat-aft-laz/-mah) [L.]. A cataplasm. C. fermenti (B.P.), beer yeast, wheaten flour, water at IOO9 F. A stimulant and antiseptic for indolent ulcers. Cataplectic (AEat-aft-le}/-tié) [Karátām;ug, a striking down]. Fulminant; sudden and overwhelming. Cataplexis (kat-aft-leks/-īs) [Karátām;tg, a striking down]. I. A sudden and overwhelming shock or attack of disease; prostration by the onset of disease, or by shock. 2. Hypnotic sleep. ** Cataptosis (Áat-ap-to/-sis) [Katá, down; Trôotg, a fall- ing]. Apoplexy; epilepsy; paralysis; ptosis. Cataract (AEat/-ar-akt) [Katapáktmg, a falling down or over, as of something over the vision]. Diminished transparency or an opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule. C., Artificial Maturation of, Æðrster’s Method consists in friction of the cornea against the lens by pressure upon the cornea. Aeltmann's Al/ethod consists in “direct trituration ” of the lens with a spatula introduced into the anterior chamber. Both methods are preceded by an iridectomy. C., Black, the lens is pigmented, and of a dark-brown color. C., Capsular, consists in non-transparent de- posits on the inner surface of the capsule. C., Cor- tical, opacification of the outer layers of the lens. C., Diabetic, is associated with diabetes. C., Discis- sion of, an operation preliminary to absorption, or ex- traction by suction, consisting in rupturing the capsule, so that the aqueous humor gains access to the lens. C., Extraction of, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical operation. See Extraction of C. C., Fluid, C., Zacteal, the breaking up of an opaque lens into a milky fluid. C., Green, a name given to a grayish- green reflex seen in glaucoma; it is also seen when the pupil is dilated and at the same time the media are not completely transparent. C., Immature, or Unripe, only a part of the lens-Substance is cataractous. C., Lacteal. See C., Aluid. C., Lamellar, or Zonular; certain layers between the cortex and nucleus are opaque, the remaining layers being transparent. C., Mature, or C., Ripe, the whole lens-substance is cataractous. C., Morgagnian, when a hypermature or overripe C, shrinks and leaves a nucleus floating in the dissolved outer layers. C., Naphthalinic, an opacity of the lens of a rabbit following the administra- tion of naphthalin. C., Polar (anterior or posterior), the opacity is confined to one pole of the lens. C.- pricker. See Cataract-pricking. C.-pricking, a name given to the old method of artificial luxation of the lens in cases of cataract. A needle was passed into the sclera on the outer margin of the cornea and into the lens, which was then depressed into the vitreous. Those 271 CATECHU who performed this operation were called cataract- prickers. C., Pyramidal, the opacity is at the an- terior pole and is conoid, the apex extending forward. C., Recurrent Capsular, or Secondary, capsular cataract, appearing after the extraction of the lens. C., Senile, the cataract of old persons, the most fre- quent form, and that understood when not specified as congenital, juvenile, traumatic, soft, etc. C., Soft, is especially that of the young ; the lens matter is of soft consistency and milky appearance. Cataracta (Āat-ar-a/-/a/.). See Cataract. daria. See After-cataract. Cataractous (Áat-ar-aš/-tus) [Katapáktmg, a falling down or over]. Of the nature of or affected with cataract. Catarrh (AEaſ-ar/) [Karappéetv, to flow down]. Inflam- mation of a mucous membrane, especially of the respiratory tract, but also applied to the bladder, etc. Its main symptoms are redness and swelling of the affected membrane with a more or less profuse mucous discharge. C., Epidemic. See /?ſluenza. C., Gastric, gastritis, acute or chronic. C., Intes- tinal, enteritis, acute or chronic. C., Nasal, coryza, q.v. See also Rhizzitis. C., Pulmonary, bronchitis, acute or chronic. C., Suffocative. Synonym of Capillary Bronchiſis, g. v. See also Suffocative Catarrh. C., Uterine, endometritis. C., Venereal. Synonym of Gomorrhea. C., Vesical, cystitis. Catarrhal (AEat-ar/-al) [Karappéetv, to flow down]. Of the nature of, affected with, or relating to catarrh. C. Fever. Synonym of Influenza. Catarrhine (AEat/-ar-in) [Kará, down ; bic, the nose]. In biology, of or pertaining to those monkeys and apes that have approximated nostrils directed downward and separated by a narrow septum. Catarrhus (Åat-ar/-us). See Catarrh. Synonym of Zeukory/ea. - Catastaltic (AEat-as-ta/-tić) [KataoTé%Zetv, to check, to send downward]. I. Astringent. 2. Passing from above downward (as a nerve-impulse). Catastasis (Äat-asſ-as-is) [Karáatagic, a settling]. Con- dition, state, habit; a decline, or quieting of symp- toms; restitution, as of a displaced part. Catastate (AEat/-as-tät) [Katáotatoſ, settling down]. Any one of a series of successive catabolic states, sub- stances, or conditions, each one of which is less com- plex, more stable, and exhibits less functional activity than its predecessor. Catastatic (£at-as-tat'-ić) [Katáotagug, a settling down]. Relating to a catastasis, or to a catastate. Catatonia, or Katatonia (£at-at-o'-ne-ah) [Katá,down; tóvoç, tension]. A form of mental derangement pro- gressing from melancholia successively through mania and stupidity to imbecility and tonic convulsions. Catatony (AEat-at/-o-me). See Catatonia. Catechin (AEat/-e-chin) [catechnºl, Col H2006 + 5H,O. Catechinic acid, the active principle of catechu. It crystallizes in shining needles of a snow-white, silky appearance. Catechol (AEat/-e-chol). See Pyrocatechin. Catechu (AEat/-e-choo) [E. Ind.]. An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia caſechu, a native of the East Indies. It contains 50 per cent. of tannic acid, and hence is a powerful astringent. It is used for the diarrhea of children and as a gargle and mouth-wash. Dose of the powdered extract gr. j-3 ss. See also Aigments, Conspectus of C., Infusum (B. P.). Dose 3.j—iss. C., Pulv. Comp. (B. P.). Contains catechu, kino, and rhatany. Dose gr. xx-xl. C., Tinct. Composita, contains catechu Io, cassia cinnamon 5, dilute alcohol q, S. Dose mix—3.j. C., Trochisci, each contains one grain of catechu with sugar, traga- canth, and orange-flower water. C. secun- C. genitalium. CATELECTROTONUS Catelectrotonus (Åat-el-ek-tro/-o-mus) [Kará, down; #Aektpov, amber; Tóvog, tension]. The state of in- creased irritability of a nerve near the cathode. See Anze/ectrotozzzes. Catenulate (Äat-em/-u-lat) [catenula, a small chain]. In biology, having a chain-like arrangement. Catgut (AEat/-gut). The intestines of a sheep treated to make ligatures. C., Carbolized, catgut rendered aseptic by soaking in a solution of carbolic acid. C., Chromicized, treated with chromic acid. C. Mat, an appliance used in intestinal anastomosis for the pur- pose of approximating the edges of the severed intes- times. C. Plate, an appliance for uniting the intestinal edges in intestinal anastomosis. It is made of a solid catgut sheet; is thin, large, and flat, and resembles the Senn decalcified bone-plates. Catha (ka/-thah) [Ar., Aafj. A genus of celastraceous plants. C. edulis affords leaves and twigs which the Arabs use as a substitute for tea and coffee. Catharma (AEath-ar/-mah) [Káðappa, refuse: pl., Cath- armata]. That which is removed by purgation; ex- Crement. Catharsis (AEath-ar/-sis) [Kaffaipeiv, to purge]. tion. Cathartic (AEath-ar'-tić) [Katapturóg, purging]. I. Purgative. 2. A medicine used to produce evacuations of the bowels. A purgative. C. Acid. See Senna. C. Pill, Compound. See Colocynth. Cathelectrotonus See Caſelectrotomus. Catheresis or Cathaeresis (AEath-er-e'-sis) [Kaffaipeiv, to cut down]. I. Prostration or weakness induced by medication. 2. Caustic action; it often designates a feebly caustic action. Catheretic (AEath-er-et/-ié) [Kaffaipeiv, to reduce]. I. Reducing ; weakening; prostrating. 2. Caustic. 3. A reducing or caustic agent. - Catheter (Åath/-et-er) [kafletàp, a thing put down]. A tube-like instrument for evacuating the liquid of a cav- ity, usually the bladder. C., Bozeman's, a double- current uterine catheter. C., Eustachian, an instru- Purga- & à à 4. 5 6 7 8 2 3 5 Q Q Q Q O 12 9 |O || |2 |3 14 Q Q O O O 15 17 18 2O 2! |5 (6 17 18 19 22 g º O 20 2] 22 23 THE SIZES OF CATHETERS. The upper number indicates that of the American system; the ower, that of the French. ment for examining the E. tube, distending or making applications to it. C. Fever, systemic disturbance, with fever, following the introduction of the catheter into the urethra. C., Gouley's, a solid curved-steel instrument grooved on its inferior aspect, for passing over a guide, through a stricture into the bladder. C., Lung, a soft-rubber tube that may be passed down the trachea. C., Schrötter's, instruments of hard 272 CATOTRETOUS rubber and of varying caliber, somewhat triangular on section, used for the dilatation of laryngeal stric- tures. C., Self-retaining, one that will hold itself within the bladder without other appliances to assist it. Catheterism, or Catheterization (Åath/-et-er-izm, or Aath-et-er-iz-a/-shun) [Kaffetàp, a thing put down]. The use or passing of a catheter. Catheterize (kath/-et-er-iz) [Kafferåp, a thing put down]. To operate upon with a catheter. Cathetometer (AEath-et-om/-et-er) [káfferog, a plumb-line; plétpov, a measurel. An instrument of precision used in craniometry for determining the length, breadth, height, and possible abnormity of the skull. Cathetometric (AEath-et-o-met/-rić) [káfferoc, a plumb- line; puérpov, a measure]. Relating to the catheto- meter. Cathetometry (AEath-et-om/-et-re) [káderog, a plumb-line; puéTpov, a measure]. The measurement of the skull by the cathetometer. ſº Cathodal (Æath/-o-da!) [Kará, down ; 6,666, way]. Relating to a cathode. Cathode (Aaſh/-6d) [Kará, down; 6,666, way]. negative electrode or pole of an electric circuit. Cathodic (AEath-od/-ić) [Kará, down; 6,666, way]. I. Relating to a cathode. 2. Proceeding downward; efferent or centrifugal (applied to a nerve-current or nerve-impulse). Catholicon (AEath-ol/-ić-on) [kaffožtków, universal]. A universal remedy ; a cure-all. 4. Cation (AEat/-e-on) [Kará, downward; tāvat, to go]. An electro-positive element; one that accumulates at the cathode in electrolysis. See Zon. Catkin (AEat/-kin) [Ger., Kätzchen, dim. of cat]. In biology, the indeterminate deciduous, scaly spike of unisexual sessile flowers, forming the inflorescence of many trees, e.g., the willow and birch. Cf. Ament. Catling, or Catlin (AEat/-ling, or AEat/-/in). A long, pointed, two-edged knife for amputating. Catnep, or Catnip (AEat/-nep, or -niſ?) [corruption of cat- mint]. The leaves, and tops of the herb Mepeta cataria, a stimulant and tonic ; a popular remedy for chlorosis, hysteria, etc. Dose of fld. ext, 3.j—ij. Unof. Catocathartic (kat-o-kaſh-ar/-tić). See Catacathartic. Catoche (Äät/-o-ke) [Katoxh, catalepsy]. Catochus. Catochus (AEat/-o-kus) [Károyoc, a holding down]. I. Catalepsy; coma-vigil. 2. Apparent death; trance. Catodont (żał/-o-dont) [káto, down; 6600c, tooth]. Pos- sessing teeth only in the lower jaw. Catoptric Test, the diagnosis of cataract by means of the reflection of images from the cornea and lens- capsules. Catoptrics (Äat-op/-triks) [Karottpukóg, in a mirror]. The laws of the reflection of light. Catorhinus (Åat-o-rin/-us) [Káro, below ; big, the nose]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the wing of the nose and the anterior nasal spine is between 16.5° and 33°. - Catostomus (Åat-osſ-to-mus) [káto, below ; atóua, the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the premaxillary point and the wing of the vomer is between 25.5° and 42.5°. Catoteric (AEat-o-ter/-i}) [Karoreplkóc, a carrying down- ward]. A purgative or cathartic. Catotica (Āat-o/-ić-ah) [Katotepukóc, a carrying down- ward]. Medicines or diseases that affect the internal surfaces of the body. Catotretous (Åat-off’-ret-us) [Kará, down; Tomtég, per- forate]. In biology, having the oral and anal aper- tures on the ventral surface. C., Amaurosis, a condition noted in suppurative choroiditis in which the The \ CATOURANISCUS exudate is visible at a distance as a vivid whitish or yellowish reflex from the pupil. C. Pupil. See Pupil. Catouraniscus (Åat-o-ār-an-isſ-Aus) [Káro, below ; oùpavtokoç, the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the center of the posterior margin of the incisor foramen and the pre- maxillary point is between 20° and 49°. Catouranus (Åat-o-ar'-am-us) [Káro, below ; oilpavóg, the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the premaxillary point and the posterior nasal spine is between I7° and 34°. Cattimandu (AEat-im- an/-doo) [E. Ind.]. An E. Indian tree, Æuphorbia cattimandoo; also its medicinal gum. It is used as a cement and as a remedy for rheumatism. When fresh it is an active vesicant. Unof. Cattle Plague (żat/-2 flag). See Kinderpest. Caucasian Idiocy (AEaw - Kaz/-J'an id’-e-o-se). Idiocy, Ethnic. Cauda (Āaw/- dah) [L.]. A tail-shaped appendage. The tail-like part of the caudatum. C. cerebelli, the vermiform process. C. cerebri, the part of the en- cephalon between the pons and optic thalami, consist- ing of the crura and the tegmentum. C. dorsalis. 1. The spinal cord. 2. The oblongata. C. epididy- midis, the inferior part of the epididymis. C. equina, the terminal extremity of the spinal cord, in conjunc- tion with the roots of the sacral nerves. C. pan- creatis, the slender left extension of the pancreas. Caudad (kaw/-dad) [cauda, the tail; ad, to]. Toward the tail or cauda; opposed to cephalad, in man, down- ward. Caudal (AEaw/-dal) [cauda, the tail]. Pertaining to a cauda, or tail. The term Ural has been proposed to take the place of caudal. Caudalis (Áaw-da/-lis) [cauda, a tail]. In biology, applied as the specific name of fins or other organs near the tail. Caudate (Äaw/-dat) [cauda, a tail]. Having or re- sembling a tail. C. Lobe of Liver, a small elevation of the liver. C. Nucleus, the intra-ventricular por- tion of the corpus striatum. See also Cazadatum. Caudatum (AEaw-da/-tum) [cauda, a tail]. ” A ganglion or free ring of gray matter circling round the lenticu- laris of the brain. It is massive in the frontal portion, but becomes attenuated caudad; the anterior portion is called the head, the posterior the tail. Caudex (Āaw'-deks) [caudex, a tree-stem]. In biology, applied to the scaly, unbranching trunk of a palm tree or tree fern. Caudicle (kaw/-dik-l) [caudex, the stem of a tree]. In biology, a little stalk, as that of the pollen-masses in orchideous plants. Caudiduct (AEaw/-de-duke) [cauda, tail; ducere, to draw]. In biology, to draw or carry backward toward the tail. Cauditrunk (AEaw’-de-trunk) [cauda, tail; truncus, trunk]. In biology, that part of the body behind the head of fishes and fish-like mammals. Caudle (kaw’-d/) [ME., caudel, a warm drink]. A nutritious food for invalids. It is made as follows: Beat up an egg to a froth ; add a glass of Sherry and half a pint of gruel. Flavor with lemon-peel, nut- meg, and sugar. .* * Caudula (kaw/-du-lah) [cauda, a tail]. In biology, a marginal tail-like process. Caul (kawl) [ME., calle, a hood]. of the fetal membranes covering the head and carried out in advance of it in labor. 2. The great omentum. See 273 Caumatic (AEaw-mat'-ić) [Kaijua, a burning]. I. A portion or all CAUSTICITY Caulescent (żaw-les/-ent) [caulis, a stalk]. In biology, applied to plants having a distinct leaf-bearing stem. Caulicle (AEaw’-lik-2) [caulis, a stalk]. In biology, that portion of the stem of an embryo plant that is below the cotyledons and above the radicle. Cauliflower Excrescence (AEazy-le-ſlow/-er eks-Ares/- ens). Epithelioma of the cervix uteri. See also Verruca acuminata. Cauliform (AEaw/-liform) [caulis, a stalk; forma, shapel. In biology, resembling a stem. Cauligenous (AEaw-liff’-en-us) [caulis, a stalk ; genus, producing]. Borne upon the stem. Cauline (AEazº/-/in) [Kav%g, a stalk]. or pertaining to the stem. Caulis (kaw/-lis) [Kav7.6c, a stalk]. Stem. Caulocarpous (AEaw-lo-AEar’-pus)[Kav26g, a stem; KapTóg, fruit]. In biology, applied to plants that bear fruit from year to year upon the same stem. Caulome (AEaw/-läm) [Kav%g, a stem]. general term for all kinds of stems. Caulophyllin (AEaw-lo-fi/-in) [Kavāńg, a stalk ; pi/7.09, a leaf). A resinoid precipitate from the tincture of caulophyllum. See Caulophyllum. Caulophyllum (AEaw-loºft/-um) [Kav26g, stalk; jūZZov, leaf). Blue Cohosh, “Squaw-root;” the rhizome and rootlets of C. thalictroides, growing in Canada and the northern U. S. It contains a glucosid, Sapozzin, and two resins, one of which is Caulophyllin. It produces intermittent contractions of the gravid uterus, and possesses diuretic, emmenagogue, and antispasmodic powers. There are no official preparations. Dose of the powdered drug gr. v-xx; of Caulophyllin, gr. 1]—w. Cauma (Āaw/-mah) [kaijua, a burning: pl. , Caumata]. Fever ; heat; pyresis; an inflammatory fever; a burn. C. enteritis. Synonym of Intestinal Catarrh, Acute. In biology, of In biology, a plant- In biology, a Pertain- ing to cauma. Causalgia (Āazº-sa/-je-ah) [Kavočg, a burning ; 37; oc, pain]. Neuralgia with burning pain, often of the foot; sometimes with a local glossiness of the skin due to impairment of the normal nerve-stimulus of the part. Causation (AEawz-a/-shun). See Etiology. Cause (£awz) [causa, a cause]. The sources, conditions and origins of a result. The preceding factors that unite to produce a given condition. Causes are spoken of as efficient, instrumental, final, primary, secondary, predisposing, controlling, determining, ultimate, excit- ing, etc. C. Causans, the causing cause or the essential predetermining factor. C., Exciting, the immediately preceding and conditioning factor. C., Predispos- ing, that which tends to the development of a condi- tion. Causoma (kazo-so'-mah) [Katoopia; Kately, to burn : f/., Causomataj. A burning ; usually an inflamma- tion. Caustic [AEaws/-tić) [Kaiety, to burn]. A substance that disorganizes or destroys living tissue; it is mostly used in surgery to destroy unhealthy growths. C. Alkali, a pure alkaline hydrate or oxid. C., Common, potassa fusa or potassa cum calce. C., Dubois's, arsenious acid I, mercuric sulphite I6, dragon's blood 8 parts. C.-holder, a porte-caustic. C., Lunar, argentic nitrate, or nitrate of silver. C., Mitigated, argentic nitrate made less active by fusion with potassium nitrate or argentic chlorid. C. Potash, potassium hydrate. See Potassium. C. Soda, sodium hydrate. Causticity (kaws-tis/-īt-e) [kateuv, to burn]. quality ; corrosiveness. Caustic I8 CAUSTICUM Causticum (AEaws/-tik-um). See Caustic. Cauter (AEaw/-ter) [KavTijp, a burner]. A searing-iron or cautery-iron ; any caustic application. Cauterant (żaw/-ter-ant)[Kavtåp, a burner]. I. Caustic; escharotic. 2. Any caustic substance; a caustic. Cauterism (AEaw/-ter-igm). See Cauterization. Cauterization (AEaw-ter-iz-a/-shun) [KavTmptáſelv, to cauterize]. The surgical application of a cautery; the effect of such application. Cauterize (£aw/-ter-ig) [Kavtmptáčelv, to cauterize]. To sear or burn with a cautery or a caustic Cautery (AEaw/-ter-e) [KavTàptov; Kateuv, to burn]. Primarily, the term was applied to caustics, but more frequently now to the platinum-wire heated by an electric current, or the hot iron, for counter-irritation, removal of tissue, etc. C., Actual, the white-hot iron. C. Button, iron heated in hot water. C., Corrigan's. See Autton. C., Dento-Electric, consists of a looped wire, held by set-screws, in con- tact with metal conductors that pass through a hard- rubber handle. The battery wires are coupled to two terminals. This appliance is held in the hand like a pencil in writing, and the current is closed by pressing a spring with the forefinger, when the resistance of the loop of wire causes it to become heated. It is employed for obtunding sensitive dentine. C., Gal- vanic, a platinum wire heated by electricity. C., Gas, cauterization by a stream of burning gas directed upon the part. C., Paquelin's, or C., Thermo-, a hol- low platinum point kept at a uniform temperature by a current of benzene vapor. C., Potential, or C., Virtual, the application of caustic substances. Cava (AEa/-vah) [L. : p!., Caval. A vena cava. Caval (AEa/-val) [cava, a hollow]. Relating to a vena Caval. Cavalry Bone (Äav/-a/-re bon). the adductor muscles of the thigh. Cavernoma (Āav-ern-o’-ma) [caverna, a cavern; 6p1a, a tumor]. A cavernous tumor; a cavernous angioma. Cavernous (AEaz/-erm-us) [caverna, a cave]. Having cave-like spaces or hollow places. C. Bodies, the corpora cavernosa of the penis. C. Breathing, the reverberating or hollow sound of bronchial breathing in dilated or abnormal bronchi. C. Groove, the carotid groove. C. Plexus. See Plexus. C. Rále. See C. Breathing. C. Sinus, situated at the side of the body of the sphenoid. C. Tissue, erectile tissue. C. Tumor. See Angioma. C. Whisper, whispering resonance in auscultation, modified by transmission through a cavity. C. Voice. See Pectoriloquy. Cavernula Tentacularis. In biology, a subumbral tentacle-funnel, surrounding the base of each tentacle in many Cubomedusae and Peromedusae. Cavernulae Subumbrales. In biology, niches of the subumbral cavity in Medusa. Caviar, or Caviare (Áav-e-ar/) [Fr.]. The salted hard roe of the sturgeon and other large fish. Cavicorn (AEaz/-īk-orm) [cavus, hollow ; cornu, horn). In biology, having hollow horns; or a hollow-horned ruminant. Cavitary (AEav/-it-a-re) [cavitarius, hollow]. Hollow ; applied to any nematode worm ; any intestinal worm that has a body-cavity; a worm that is not anenterous. Cavitas (Āav/-it-as) [L.]. A hollow. C. cochleata. See Duct, Spinal. C. pulpae, the pulp-cavity of a tooth. See Dental Cavity. Cavity (Áav/-it-e) [cavitas, from cavus, hollow]. Any hollow, normal or pathologic. Among the normal cavities are the abdominal, arachnoid, axial, buccal, cranial, frontal, nasal, pelvic, pleural, thoracic, ven- tricular, etc.; among the abnormal are pulmonary and dental cavities. C.-plate, a term applied in mechan- A bony deposit in 274 CEDAR ical dentistry to a metallic base for artificial teeth, so constructed as to have one or more vacant spaces be- tween it and the gums, which, when applied, and the air exhausted, contributes very greatly to the firmness of its adhesion. C., Preperitoneal, a name given by Retzius to the loose and yielding subperitoneal tissue in front of the bladder, under the supposition that it could be inflated. It is not a true cavity, but merely a succession of areolar spaces. C., Sigmoid. See Sigmoid. - Cavo-valgus (AEa/-vo-val/-gus) [cavus, hollow; valgus, bow-legged]. Cavus combined with valgus. See Club- foot. Cavum (AEa/-vum) [L.]. Any hollow or cavity, normal or pathologic. C. dentis. See Dental Cavity. Cavus (Åa/-vus) [L.]. I. A hollow; a cavity. 2. Talipes arcuatus; hollow-foot. Cayenne Pepper (Ai’-en pep/-er). See Capsicum. Cazenave's Lupus. See Diseases, 7 abſe of C. Solution. An animal parasiticide used in derma- tology. It consists of iodid of sulphur, iodid of potassium, of each I 34 drams, water 32 ounces. Cazeneuve's Test. See Zests, Table of Ceanothus (se-an-o'-thus) [ksávoflog, a kind of thistle]. A genus of rhamnaceous shrubs, chiefly N. American. C. americanus, New Jersey tea, red root, is used in domestic medicine as an astringent and alterative ; its leaves are substituted for tea. Unof. Ceasma (se-a2/-mah) [kéaoua, a chip: pl., Ceasmata]. A splinter; a fissured state. Ceasmic (se-az/-mié) [kéaoua, a chip]. Fissured; re- maining in the primitive fissured state of the embryo. See 7 erafism. - Cebadilla (thev-ad-e/-yah) [Sp., “little barley”]. The seed of Asagra'a officinalis, or Schaenocaulon offici- male ; official in the B. P., and important as the prin- cipal source of the alkaloid veratrin. It is highly poisonous. Cebocephalia (se-bo-seſ-a/-le-ah) [kſgog, a kind of mon- key; kepazº, the head]. The condition of being cebocephalic. Cebocephalic (se-bo-sef-a/-ik) [kij}oç, a kind of mon- key; Keſhawā, the head]. Of the nature or appearance of a cebocephalus. Cebocephalus (se-bo-sef’-al-us) [kſgog, a monkey; kepaſºſ, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species cyclocephalus, in which there is entire absence of the nose, with, however, two orbital cavities and two eyes, although the interocular region is nar- row and perfectly flat. Cecal (se/-Åal) [cacum, blind]. nature of the cecum ; caecal. Cecitas (se/-sit-as) [L.]. Blindness. Cecitis (se-si'-tis) [cacum, the cecum ; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the cecum ; typhlitis, q.v. Cecity (ses/-īt-e) [cacus, blind]. Blindness. Cecograph (se/-ko-graf) [cacus, blind; Ypápetv, to write]. A writing-machine for the use of the blind. Cecum (se/-kum) [cacus, blind]. The large blind pouch or cul-de-sac in which the large” intestine begins. Cecutiency (se-ku/-shen-se) [cacutire, to become blind]. Tendency to, or the commencement of, blindness. Cedar (se/-dar) [cedrus, cedar]. One of the genus of coniferous trees, Cedrus. C.-apple, an excrescence or gall produced upon the red cedar, /uniperus virgin- iana, by the fungus called Gymnosporangium macro- pus. Cedar-galls are popularly esteemed as an anthel- mintic. 1)ose gr. viij—xviij, in powder. Unof. C.- Gum, the fragrant resin of Callitris arborea, a conifer- ous South African tree. It is used in making plasters. Unof. Cº-wood Oil. See Cailcedra. Relating to or of the CEDRELA Cedrela (sed/-re-lah ) [kedpehārm, a cedar-fir tree]. A genus of trees found in tropical regions and allied to mahogany. C. febrifuga, of Southern Asia; C. odor- ata, bastard cedar, of tropical America (see Cailcedra); C. rosmarinus, of Indo-China, and C. toona, of India, are among the species that afford active medi- cines. All unof. Cedrene (se/-dren) [cedrus, cedar], CigH2. A volatile liquid hydrocarbon found in oil of red cedar (see Juniperus virginiana), oil of cloves and oil of cu- bebs. C. Camphor, Cls H26O, a camphor that sepa- rates from the oil of red cedar. Cedrin (se/-drin) [cedrus, cedar]. substance obtained from cedron. Cedriret (sed'-re-ret). See Caroulègnone. Cedron (se/-dron) [cedrus, cedar]. The seeds of C. simaba, a popular external remedy in tropical Amer: ica for the bites of venomous insects and serpents, and of reputed value in malarial fevers. Dose of the fla. ext. mlj-viij. Ceke (thek (-e). SCrOtum. Celandini (se/-an-din). See Chelidonium. Celastrus (sel-asſ-trus) [khâaqtpog, an evergreen tree]. A genus of trees and shrubs, nearly allied to Æuony- mus. Many of the species are medicinal, and some are poisonous. C. scandens, the climbing staff-tree of North America, is cathartic, diuretic, and alterative; it is called waxwork, bitter-sweet, and fever-twig. Celation (sel-a/-shun) [celatio, a hiding]. The conceal- ment of illness, of a birth, or of pregnancy. Cele (sel) [kotăța, cavity]... An encephalic cavity; used instead of ventricle. - -cele (sel) [kham, a tumor]. A suffix denoting a Zzz77zoz". - Celelminth (se/-/e/-minth) [Koižoc, hollow ; 8%uvº, worm]. A parasitic worm with a digestive canal or cavity; a cavitary worm. Celery (se/-er-e) [géâtvov, a kind of parsley]. The stalk of Apium graveolens, or common garden celery. It contains Apiol, g. v. It is reputed to be antispas- modic and nervine. Dose indefinite. C. Seed, used to cover the taste of other drugs. Unof. Celia (se/-le-ah) [kotăţa, the belly]. I. The belly: the stomach. 2. Any ventricle, or normal cavity of the brain. Celiac (se/-le-ak) [calliacus; kotăţa, belly]. Abdominal. Pertaining to the belly. C. Affection, a chronic intestinal disorder most commonly met with in chil- dren between the ages of one and five, characterized by the occurrence of pale, loose stools, not unlike gruel or oatmeal-porridge; they are bulky, not watery, yeasty, frothy, and extremely offensive, and are ac- companied by anemia and debility without much emaciation. The exhaustion may be aggravated by intercurrent attacks of watery diarrhea, and death may supervene. It is also called Diarrhaea alba or APiarrhaea chylosa. It is due probably to a temporary suspension of the pancreatic function. C. Artery. Same as C. Axis. See Arteries, Table of C. Axis, a branch of the abdominal aorta; it divides into the gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See Arteries, Table of C. Ganglion. See Ganglion, Semilunar. C. Passion, painful diarrhea, or dysentery. C. Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of Celiaca (se-li/-ak-ah) [kothia, the abdomen]. of the abdominal organs. Celiadelphus (se-le-ad-el/-fus) [kowia, belly; áðe??óg, brother]. A monstrosity having two bodies joined at the abdomen. Celiagra (se-le-a/-grah) [kot?ia, belly; &ypa, seizure]. Abdominal gout. A bitter crystalline A Feejee term for elephantiasis of the Diseases 275 º, CELL Celialgia (se-le-a/-je-ah) [Koſºta, belly; 37.70ſ, pain]. Pain in the abdomen. Celian, Celine (se/-/e-am, se/-lin). Same as Celiac. Celiocyesis (se-le-o-si-e'-sis) [kotzia, belly; kvmatc, pregnancy]. Abdominal extra-uterine gestation. Celiolymph (se/-le-o-limſ) [Ko07 ſa, a cavity; lymp/a, water]. The cerebro-spinal fluid. Celiomyalgia (se-le-o-mi-a/-je-ah) [Koſzía, belly; utic, muscle; &Wyog, pain]. Pain in the abdominal muscles. Celioncus (se-le-ong/-Aus) [Kotzia, the belly; bykoç, a swelling]. A tumor of the abdomen. Celiopyosis (se-le-o-pi-o/-sis) [Kotzia, belly; Tüootſ, a suppuration]. Suppuration in the abdominal cavity. Celiorrhea (se-le-or-e'-ah) [Kolzia, the belly; héetv, to flow]. Diarrhea. Celioschisis (se-le-os/-Ais-is) [Kot?ia, belly; oxiouſ, fis- sure]. Congenital abdominal fissure. Celiotomy (se-le-of/-o-me) [Ko07.ía, belly; Touń, a cut- ting]. Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity. Celitis (se-li/-tis) [Kožía, belly; trac, inflammation]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs. Cell (sel) [cella, a small, hollow cavity]. I. In anatomy, any one of the interstitial spaces and small cavities of the bones, etc. 2. In biology, a nucleated mass of protoplasm capable of reproduction. A mass of proto- plasm, with or without a cell-wall and with or without a nucleus. 3. A galvanic element, or single member of a galvanic battery without the connecting wire between the metals. See Battery. 4. The case or cup in which a zoöid or larva is located. See Ce//-body. C., Abbe-Zeiss Counting, a glass receptacle cemented upon a glass slide, its floor being marked in micro- scopic squares. It is used for counting the blood-cor- puscles. C., Air. See Air-ce/Z. C., Ameboid, a cell capable of changing its form and of moving about like an ameba. C., Apolar, a nerve-cell without processes or poles, such as has been ascribed to the sympathetic system. C., Beaker. See C., Goð/et. C., Betz’s, the motor or ganglionic cells comprising the fourth layer of the motor area of the gray matter of the brain. C.-body, the mass of a cell, composed of two substances, the mitoma, or cytomitoma, and the para- mitoma. The first is the thread-like basis of the cell- body, the latter, the homogeneous filar and interfilar sub- stance. The nucleus is composed of the AEazyomitoma, or nuclear network, otherwise called the chromative, the nuclearsap, or substances contained in the meshes of the chromatin, and from its non-staining quality called achromatizz, and the 7zzęclear memórane, made up of two layers, the outer achromatic, the inner chro- matic, or staining. The matc/eoli are usually multiple, and are composed of more refractile matter, C., Bunsen, the same as the Grove cell except that the platinum electrode of the latter is replaced in the Bunsen by a stick of carbon. C.-capsule, a thick or unusually strong cell-wall. C., Ciliated, one pro- vided with cilia. C. of Corti, any one of the hair- cells on the outer surface of the organ of Corti. C., Cylindrical, a variety of epithelial cell. C., Dan- iell’s, a battery cell containing two fluids, viz., a satu- rated solution of Sulphate of copper and a semi-saturated solution of sulphate of zinc. In the former is placed a sheet of metallic copper, and in the latter a mass of zinc, these two metals forming the electrodes of the cell. C., Daughter-, a cell originating from the divi- sion of the protoplasm of a mother-cell; any one of the young cells found within the substance of an un- divided mother-cell. C. of Deiters, one of the cells with fine processes resting on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, beneath the air-cells; also a nucleated cell of the neuroglia. C., Demilune, Giannuzzi’s ce//s, granular protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands, CELLA lying between the mucous cells and the basement membrane. They play an important part in the func- tional activity of the gland. C.-Doctrine, the theory that the cell is the unit of organic structure, and that cell-formation is the essential process of life and its phenomena. C., Edison-Lalande, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. C., Electrolytic, a cell or vessel containing an electrolyte, in which electrolysis is carried on. C., Endothelial, one of those lining the intima of the blood-vessel system. C., Epidermic, or Epithelial, one of those covering the membranes of the free surface of the body. C., Ethmoidal, any one of the cellular cavities of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone. Called also ethmoida/ sinuses. C., Ganglion, a cell of the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord. C. of Giannuzzi. See C., Demilune. C., Giant, any polynucleated body of protoplasmic matter occurring in tuberculosis, sar- coma, etc. C.-globulins, Halliburton's name for forms of globulin that occur in lymph-corpuscles and extracted from them by solutions of sodium chlorid. C., Goblet, a form of epithelial cell. C., Gowers’s, an apparatus for counting blood-corpuscles. C., Gre- net, a variety of open cell used in making galvanic batteries. C., Grove, a two-fluid battery cell, the fluids being dilute sulphuric and nitric acids and the metals immersed in them respectively zinc and plati- num. C.-islets, the centers of most active growth and proliferation in young cellular tissues. They contain the stores of nutriment that are gradually dis- solved and digested. C., Law, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. C., Leclanché, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. It may be made as a liquid cell or as a dry cell, the latter being preferable. C., Lymphoid, a large ameboid cell. C., Mother-, a cell that divides its protoplasm and gives each part a new cell-wall. C., Mounting. See A/ozenſing-ce//, C.-Multiplication, Cytogenesis, a name given to the process of reproduction of cells. It may be endogezzotts, as when the cell-contents break up by segmentation into separate nucleated masses within the cell-wall; gemmeſſarozas, as when new cells bud from the mother-cell; and fissiparous, as when the mother-cell divides by cleavage into two or more cells. C., Neuro-muscular, a name given to certain cells of lower life-forms, that act in part as nerves and in part as muscles. C.-nests, Epidermic Pearls. globular masses of flattened cells contained in epithe- liomata. C., Olfactory, any one of the cells that lie between the network of epithelial cells in the nasal fossae. They consist of a body and two processes, one running outward to the surface of the mucous membrane, the other running inward and connected with filaments of the olfactory nerve. C.-parasite, in biology, applied to any one of various micropara- sites, as, e.g., a coccidium, living within a cell. C.- sap, in biology, the more fluid portion of the cell-con- tents. C. of Schultze. Same as C., Olfac/ory. C., Seminal, any one of the epithelial cells contained in the membrana propria and constituting the Seminal tubes. C., Sphenoidal, one of the two large cavities in the interior of the body of the sphenoid bone. C., Squamous, a variety of epithelial cells, C., Stam- mer's, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. C.-substance, in biology, the material composing a cell. C., Thoma-Zeiss. Same as C., Abbe-Zeiss. C., Vasofactive, or Vasoformative, a cell that in embryonic or very early life, and probably in certain neoplasms, anastomoses with other similar cells so as to form blood-vessels. Cella (se/-ah) [L.]. A portion of the paracele extend- ing caudad from the porta. C. lateralis, the lateral 276 CELOLOGY ventricle of the brain, or one of its cornua, C. media, the central cornu of the lateral ventricle, or that part of the ventricle whence the cornua extend. Cellaeform (se/-e-form) [cella, a cell; forma, shape]. Resembling a cell, but not such morphologically. Cf. Ce/liform. Celliferous (sel-iſ/-er-us) [cella, cell; ferre, to bear]. Producing, forming, or bearing cells. Celliform (se/-iſ-orm). See Cellaeform. Celloid (se/-oid) [cella, a cell; elóoç, form]. bling a cell. Celloidin (sel-oid’’-in). A concentrated form of collodion for use in imbedding objects for histologic purposes. Cellula (se/-u-la/l). See Cellule. Cellulae gangliosae. Ganglion cells, or mesodermal nerve cells; neuroblasts. C. palpantes, tactile cells. Cellular (se/-u-lar) [cella, cell]. Relating to or com- posed of cells. C. Cartilage, cartilage composed mainly of large cells, with but little intercellular sub- stance. C. Membrane, C. Tissue, areolar tissue; bony connective tissue; cancellous tissue. C. Ther- apy, the name applied by Aulde to the method in therapeutics of exhibiting properly-selected medica- ments with a view to restoration of cell-function. It aims to apply scientifically those remedies that expe- rience has shown to possess special curative properties in the restoration of disordered functions. Cellule (se/-äl) [cellula, a small cell]. A small cell or cavity. Celluliferous (sel-u-liſ/-er-us) [cellula, a little cell; ferre, to bear]. In biology, producing small cells. Cellulitis º [cellula, a small cell; truç, in- flammation]. A diffuse inflammation of cellular tis- sue. C., Pelvic. See Parame/ritis. Celluloid (se/-u-loid)[cellula, a little cell; elóoc, form]. A valuable product of the action of camphor upon pyroxylin. It is prepared in a great variety of forms, both transparent and opaque, colored uniformly or mottled and striated. It cannot be caused to explode by heat, friction, or percussion. When brought into contact with flame it burns like paper. It dissolves in warm, moderately concentrated sulphuric acid, and is also soluble in glacial acetic acid, rapidly in warm, moderately concentrated nitric acid (four volumes of fuming acid to three of water), and in a hot, concen- trated solution of caustic soda. The density of cellu- loid ranges from 1.310 to I.393. When heated to 125° C. it becomes plastic and can be moulded into any de- sired shape. Separate pieces can also be welded together by simple pressure at this temperature. It is useful in various ways in Surgery. It is used some- times to form a plastic base for artificial teeth, known by various names, as “Rose Pearl,” “Pyroxylin,” etc. See Zylonite. Cellulose (se/-u-lós) [cellula, a little cell], Cl, H,000. Wood fiber; lignose. The principal ingredient of the cell-membranes of all plants. It is a white, amorphous mass, insoluble in most of the usual solvents. In biology, the primary substance of organic cell-walls, characteristic of plant-cells, but found in the Tunicata among animals. It is dissolved by Schweitzer's re- agent (ammonium-cupric-oxid) and decomposed by several forms of bacteria, e.g., Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski; Aacterium gummis, Comes, and Bacteri- um putredinis, Davaine. To stain.—Use Grenacher's Alcoholic Borax-Carmin, Ehrlich’s or Delafield’s Hematoxylin, Methyl-Green, Methylene-Blue, Safra- nin, Fuchsin, Chlor. Zinc, Iodin, Phloroglucin, Anilin, Chlorid. See, also, Carbohydrates, Table of Celology (sel-o/-o-je) [khºm, hernia; A6).oc, science]. That branch of surgical science that treats of hernia. Resem- CELOM Celom, or Celoma (se/-lom, or se-lo'-mah) [kołżoſla, a cavity]. A term used by embryologists and others to denote the body-cavity in its widest morphologic sense; the space between the ectoderm and the ento- derm. Celophlebitis (se-loºſe-bi/-tis), [Koihog, hollow; 4%éip, vein; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a vena cava. Celophthalmia (se-loff-tha/-me-ah) [Koi%0ſ, hollow ; 646ažuóg, eye]. Hollowness of the eyes. Celoscope (se/-lo-sköp) [coiàog, hollow ; oiſotreiv, to observe]. An instrument for examining the cavities of the body by means of the electric light, enclosed in a flask and mounted upon a glass Shank. Celosis (se-lo/-sis) [coiàog, hollow]. The formation of any cavity. Celosoma (se-lo-so/-mah) [Kh Am, hernia; adjua, a body]. 1. A species of single autositic monsters characterized by “more or less extensive body-cleft with eventration, associated with various anomalies of the extremities, of the genito-urinary apparatus, of the intestinal tract, and even of the whole trunk.” 2. A variety of the foregoing species in which there is a lateral or median eventration, with fissure, atrophy, or even total absence of the sternum, and protrusion of the heart. Celostomia (se-lo-sto/-me-ah) [Końog, hollow ; otópla, mouth]. Hollowness of the voice. Celotome (se/-lo-tom) [khºm, hernia; tāuvelv, to cut]. A hernia-knife. Celotomy (se-lot’-o-me) [kååm, hernia; Tāuvetv, to cut]. The operation for strangulated hernia by incision of the stricture. - Celsus's Operations. See Operations, Table of Celtis (se/-tis) [L., an African species of lotus]. A genus of ulmaceous trees. C. australis, the European nettle-tree, honey-berry, or lote, has mild, astringent leaves and bark. C. occidentalis, the hackberry of N. America, has edible, astringent berries; the bark is said to be anodyne, astringent, febrifuge. Unof. Cement (se-ment') [camentum, a rough stone]. Any plastic material capable of becoming hard and of binding together the objects that are contiguous to it; filling-material for the teeth; the crusta petrosa of the teeth. See Teeth. C.-disc, the glandular disc of orchids. C.-duct, the duct of the cement-gland in cirriped crustaceans. C., Shellac, a cement for seal- ing microscopic preparations and for making shallow cells. It is prepared by dissolving the gum or scales of shellac in about an equal volume of alcohol. Decant or filter the fluid, and to prevent brittleness add to every 50 parts 5 parts each of castor oil and Venetian turpentine. Cementoblast (se-ment/-o-blast) [camentum, cement; 8%aoróg, germ]. A cement-corpuscle in tooth-tissue; more correctly, an osteoblast that takes part in the de- velopment of the dental cement. Cemento-dentinary (se-ment-o-dem/-tin-a-re) [cament- wm, cement; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Relating to the cement and dentine of a tooth. Cementoma (se-ment-o’-mah) [camentum, cement; ôua, tumor: pl., Cementomata]. A tumor thrown out by the irritated alveolar periosteum. Cementum (se-ment/-um). See Zooth and Cement. Cenanthy (se-man/-the) [Kev6c, empty; &v6og, flower]. In biology, that condition of a flower in which the stamens and pistils are suppressed. Cenchrus (seng/-Arus) [kéyxpoc, a small grain]. In biology, a small spot on the metathorax of an insect. Cenesthesis (sen-es-the-sis) [Kotwóg, common; aiotholç, feeling]. A sense of existence, either painful or pleasur- able. It is the prevailing conscious state of feeling, either of depression or of exaltation, which is the resultant of the subconscious organic sympathies of 277 CENTER the whole organism. It does not exceed physiologic limits so long as it does not exclude the normal exercise of mental functions. Cenogenetic (se-no-jen-e/-ić) [Kolv6c, common; yév- equg, generation]. In biology, a modified, shortened, and simplified mode of development. Cenogenous (sen-oj/-en-us) [kouvóg, common; yövoc, produced]. In biology, the power of reproducing by means of eggs at one time and viviparously at another, as seen in the Aphides. Cenosis (sen-o’-sis) [kévootſ, a draining]. apocenosis. Cenosphaera (sen-o-sfe/-ra/ ) [Kevóg, empty; opaipa, sphere]. In biology, the spherical skeleton of certain radiolarians. Cenospudia (sen-o-spee/-de-ah) [Kevóg, empty; atovëſ, zeal]. “Brown study; ” mental absorption, or anxiety with regard to unimportant matters. Cenotic (sen-of/-ić) [kévootç, a draining]. cenosis; drastic; purgative. Centaurea (sen-taw/-re-a/ ) [kévTavpoc, centaur]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. C. benedictus. See Carduus. C. centaurium, the greater centaury of Europe, is aromatic, astringent, diaphoretic, and stomachic. C. cyanus, corn-flower, blue-bottle; once used for fevers and in preparing collyria. C. sol- stitialis, Barnaby's thistle ; diuretic and antipyretic. C. nigra, of Europe (knap-weed, centaury), is as- tringent and diuretic. All unof. Centaury (sen'-taw-re) [centauria]. A popular name for various plants of the genera Centaurea, Erythraca, Sabbatia, Chlora, etc. It is used as a simple, bitter tonic. Dose 3 SS-jin decoction several times a day. Unof. Center (sem/-ter) [kévrpov, the center]. The middle point of any surface or of a body. The ganglion or plexus whence issue the nerves controlling a function. C., Accelerating, a probable center in the oblongata send- ing accelerating fibers to the heart. They leave the cord through the rami communicantes of the lower cervical and upper six thoracic nerves, passing thence into the sympathetic. C., Anospinal, controls defecation; it is situated at the level of the 5th, 6th, and 7th lumbar vertebrae; but for the coordinated activity it must remain in connection with the brain. C., Auditory, probably in the temporosphenoidal lobes, upon each side. C., Broca's. See C., Speech. C., Cardio- inhibitory, in the oblongata, carried by the vagus. C., Ciliospinal, connected with the dilatation of the pupil; it is in the lower cervical part of the cord. It controls the movements of the ciliary body. C., Convulsional, in the oblongata, on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C. for Closure of Eyelids, in the oblongata, a part of the facial center. C., Coughing, in the ob- longata, above the respiratory center. C., Diabetic, in the posterior part of the anterior half of the floor of the 4th ventricle, in the median line. C., Ejacula- tion, Budge’s genitospinal center, 4th lumbar vertebra (rabbit). C., Erection, is in the spinal cord, but is controlled from the oblongata. C. for Mastication and Sucking, facial and hypoglossal centers. C. for Secretion of Saliva, on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C., Gustatory and Olfactory, in the uncinate gyrus. C., Heat-regulating or Tem- perature, the center for the control of body-tems perature. See Zhermotaxis. C., Leg, in the as- cending frontal convolution. C., Micturition, the vesico-spinal center of Budge, at the level of the lumbar vertebrae; coördination requires cerebral connection. C. of Ossification, the place in bones at which ossification begins. C., Parturition, at the level of the 1st and 2d lumbar vertebrae. C., Respir– Evacuation ; Causing CENTERING atory, in the oblongata, between the nuclei of the vagus and accessorius; called by Fluorems the AVoud Vital, or Vital Point. C., Sensory, or Psychosensorial Areas, occipital and temporosphenoidal lobes, probably the same as, or intimately associated with, the motor centers of the parts. C., Sneezing, same as for nerves for the muscles of expiration. C., Spasm, in the ob- longata, at its junction with the pons. C., Speech, in the third left frontal convolution in right-handed people. C., Swallowing, on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C., Sweat, the dominating center is in the oblongata, with subordinate spinal centers. C., Tro- phic. See Trophic. C., Upper, for Dilator Pupillae, in the oblongata. C., Vasodilator, probably exists in the oblongata, with a function the opposite of that of the vaso-motor. C., Vasomotor, in the oblongata. C., Vesicospinal. See A/icturition C. C., Visual, in the occipital lobe, especially in the cuneus. Centering (sem/-ter-ing) [kévrpov, a center]. In micro- scopy, the arrangement of an object or an accessory so that its center coincides with the optic axis of the microscope. In optics, having the pupil and the optical center of the refracting lens in the same axis. Centesimal. In the proportion of I to IOO. Centigrade (sen/-te-grad) [centum, a hundred ; gradus, a step]. Abbreviation, C. Having IOO divisions or degrees. C. Thermometer, a thermometer with zero as the freezing point and IOO" as the boiling point of water. See Thermometer. Centigram (sen/-te-gram) [centum, a hundred ; Ypáppia, a small weight]. The hundredth of a gram, equal to O. I543 of a grain avoirdupois, or one-sixth of a grain Troy. Centiliter (sem/-til-e-ter) [centum, a hundred; Airpa, a pound]. The hundredth of a liter, equal to O.6IO2 of an English cubic inch. Centimeter (sen/-tim-e-ter) [centum, a hundred; plétpov, a measure]. The hundredth part of a meter, equal to o. 39371 (or about 3) of an English inch. Centinormal (sen-te-nor/-mal) [centum, a hundred ; norma, normal]. The Tºp of the normal ; applied to a solution the rºw of the strength of a normal solution. Centrad (sem/-trad) [centrum, the center; ad, to]. Toward the center, or toward the median line. See Position and Direction, Zable of Central (sem/-tral) [centrum, the center]. Relating to the center; passing through the center. See Position and Direction, Table of C. Artery, an artery in the optic nerve and retina; it passes to the optic papilla and then divides. See Arteries, Zable of. C. Ganglia, the corpora striata and thalami optici. C. Ligament, the terminal filum of the spinal cord. See Ligament. C. Lobe, the island of Reil. C. Stop. See Diaphragm. Centraxonial (sen-tražs-o/-ne-a!) [kévrpov, center; ășov, axis]. In biology, having a central axial line. Centre (sem/-ter). See Center. Centren (sem/-fren) [centrum, a center]. solely to a center. Centric, Centrical (sen/-trik, sen/-trik-al) [centrum, a center]. Relating to a center, especially to a nerve- center. In biology, a term applied to the internal structure of such leaves as show no distinctly devel- oped pallisade-tissue, and no considerable structural differences between the upper and under surfaces. Centricipital (sen-tris-ip/-it-a!) [centrum, center; caput, a head]. Relating to the centriciput; parietal. C. vertebra, the second of more central of the three principal cranial vertebrae. Centriciput (sen-tris/-īg-ut) [centrum, center; caput, head]. The mid-head: the second cranial segment situated between the sinciput and occiput. Belonging 278 CEPHALEMATOMA Centrifugal (sen-trif'-tº-gal) [centrum, the center; fugere, to flee]. Receding from the center toward the periphery. C. Nerves, those (mostly motor) conveying impulses toward the peripheral parts of the body. Centrifugalized Milk. Milk from which the cream has been separated by whirling it in a centrifugal machine. Centripetal (sen-trip/-et-al) [centrum, the center; £etere, to seek]. Traveling toward the center from the periphery. C. Nerves, those (mostly sensory) convey- ing impressions from the peripheral organs toward the cerebro-spinal nervous system. Centro-acinal, or Centro-acinar (sen-tro-asſ-in-al, or cen-tro-asſ-in-ar) [centrum, center; acinus, a grape]. Belonging to the center of an acinus. C. Cells are found in the acini of the pancreas, etc. Centrolecithal (sen-tro-les/-ith-al) [kévrpov, center; Aéktflog, yolk]. In embryology, having the food-yolk centrally located in the protoplasm. Centrosoma (sen-tro-so'-mah) [kévrpov, center; qūua, body: pl., Centrosomata]. The central mass or body of any corpuscle, as distinguished from its appendages. C. of Boveri, in embryology, a separate central body contained in the sphere of attraction, at the pole of the resting nucleus in a dividing ovum. Centrosome (sen/-fro-sām). See Centrosoma. Centrostigma (sen-tro-stig/-mah) [kévrpov, center; otiyua, a point]. In morphology, having all the axes converging to a central point. Centrotriaene (sen-tro-tri’-e-ne)[kévrpov, center; Tptatua, a trident]. In morphology, a triaene spicule whose arms arise from a central bundle or rhabdom. Centrotylote (sen-trot'-il-of) [kévrpov, center; tvāoróg, knobbed]. In biology, swollen in the middle. Centrum (sem/-trum) [L.]. The center or middle part; the body of a vertebra, exclusive of the bases of the neural arches. C. Anospinale, Budge's, the center for the movements of the anal sphincters, located in the cord at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra in the dog, and between the sixth and seventh in the rabbit. C. Ovale Majus, the large mass of white matter appearing when either of the hemispheres is cut down to the level of the corpus calloszewe. C. Ovale Minus, the white matter appearing when the upper part of a hemisphere of the brain is removed. Cenurus (sen-uſ-rus). See Caenurus. Cepaceous (se-pa/-she-us) [capa, an onion]. the smell of onions. Cephaelis (sefa-'e/-is). See Jøecacuanha. Cephalad (sef/-al-ad) [kejažff, head; ad, to]. Toward the head. See Position and Direction, Table of Cephalagra (sef-al-a/-grah) [keſpañff, head; &Ypa, seizure]. Gouty headache. Cephalalgia (sef-al-a/-ge-ah) [keſpañff, head; 3%)og, pain]. Pain in the head. The word is variously qualified, as C. Anemica, C. Contagiosa, C. Zºftuenza, C. Epileptica, C. Mervosa, etc. Cephalalgic (sef-al-a/-již) [Kepahá, head; 3%)0g, pain]. Relating to headache. Cephalanthium (sef-al-an/-the-um) [Keſa/#, head; ãv6og, a flower]. In biology, the capitulum, or flower cluster, of one of the Compositat. Cephalanthus (sef-al-an/-thus). See Button-bush. Cephalate (sef’-a/-ät) [kepazºff, head]. In biology, possessing a head. - - Cephalea (sef-al-e'-ah) [kepaſhaia, headache]. Head- ache; especially severe or chronic headache, with intolerance of light and sound. Cephalematocele. See Cephalhematocele. Cephalematoma. See Cephalhematoma. Having CEPHALEMIA Cephalemia (sef-al-e'-me-ah) [Kejažff, head; alua, blood]. An abnormal determination of blood to the head. Cephaletron (sef-a/-e'-trom) [kepazºff, head; #rpov, the abdomen]. In biology, applied to the anterior portion of the body of certain crustaceans. Cephalhaematoma (sef-a/-he-mat-o/-mah). See Cephal. Aematoma. Cephalhematocele (seftal-he-mat/-0-sel) [keſhahá, head; alpa, blood; ká%m, tumor]. An hematocele situated beneath the scalp, and communicating with a dural SIIlllS. Cephalhematoma (sef-al-he-mat-o’-ma/.)[Kepa?%, head; alua, blood; Śpia, tumor: pl., Cepha/hematomata). A collection of blood between the pericranium and the exterior of one or more bones of the skull. Cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hi/-dro-sel) [keda?ff, head; ióop, water; Khàm, tumor]. Effusion of cerebral fluid beneath the occipito-frontal aponeuroses in fractures of the skull. - Cephalic (sefal/-i}) [keſpaññ, head]. Pertaining to the head. The terms Prora!, Crania/, /Costral, AAral have been proposed to take the place of Ceph- alic. See Position and Direction, Table of C. In- dex. See Index. C. Souffle, a blowing murmur sometimes heard in auscultation of the head; a sign of aneurysm or of anemia. C. Vein. See Vein. C. Version. See Version. C. Tetanus. See A off. Tetanus. Cephalin (sef’-al-in) [kepahá, the head]. An unstable phosphatic substance obtained from brain-substance; it is allied to lecithin ; at least five modifications of it are reported to exist; it is called also Åephalin. Cephalitis (sef-al-i/-tis). See Encephalitis. Cephalization (seftal-iz-a/-shun) [kepaññ, the head]. - In biology, Dana’s term for that specialization the tendency of which is to concentrate important parts and organs at the head region of the trunk. Cephalize (sef’-al-iz) [kepañff, head]. To develop head-organs. Cephalobranchiate (sef-al-o-brang/-äe-āt) [kepañ%, head; 3páyºta, gills]. In biology, with external branchial tufts in the head-region. Cephalocathartic (sef-al-o-kath-ar/-tié) [kepañff, head; Kaffaptukóg, purging]. I. Purging or relieving the head. 2. A medicine that relieves the head. Cephalocele (sef’-al-o-sel) [kejažň, head; Khâm, tumor]. Hernia of the brain; protrusion of a mass of the cranial contents. Cephalocentesis (seftal-o-sen-teſ-sis) [kedaaff, head; kévrmouc, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the cranium. Cephalocercal (sef-al-o-ser/-kal) [kepaſº, head; Képkog, tail]. In anatomy, from head to tail. Cephalochord (sef’-al-o-kord) [kepazºff, head; xopóñ, cord]. The cephalic portion of the chorda dorsalis in embryonic life. Cephaloclast (sef’-al-o-Alast). See Cephalotribe. Cephaloconus (sef-al-o-ko'-mus) [kéjažň, head; kóvoc, a cone]. In biology, applied to one of the processes on the head of a pteropod. Cephalodium (sef-al-o'-de-um) [kéjažň, head; eiðog, form]. In biology, one of the outgrowths on the thallus of a lichen, and in which gonidia or algal cells are found. Cephalodymia (sef-al-o-dim/-e-ah) [kepaññ, head; Öğueval, to minglej. Teratologic union of twins by the merging of their heads together. Cephalodynia (sef-al-o-din'-e-ah) [keſpañff, head; 66vvm, pain]. Rheumatism affecting the occipito-frontalis muscle, the pain being chiefly experienced in the forehead or occiput, and at times involving the eyeballs. 279 CEPHALOTHRYPTOR Cephalograph (sef’-al-o-graf) [kejažň, head; Ypájeuv, to write]. An instrument for recording the contours of the head. Cephalography (sef-al-og/-ra-ſe)[Kepa/#, head; Ypápetv, to write]. A description of the head. Cephaloid (seſ/-al-oid) ſkepazà, head; eiðoç, likeness]. Resembling the head. Cephalology (sef-a/-o/-oje) [kepazº, head; 2670ſ, science]. The science of cranial measurements and indications. Cephaloma (sef-al-o'-mah) [kepazº, head; pia, tumor: pl. , Cephalomata]. Encephaloid carcinoma; soft car- CIIlOIſlal. Cephalomelus (sef-a/-om/-el-us) [ke paſſ, head; ué%0ç, a part]. A form of double monster in which there is a supernumerary limb attached to the head. Cephalomeningitis (seſ-al-o-men-in-ji’-tis) [kepazá, head; uſivtyś, a membrane ; truç, inflammation]. Cephalic meningitis; inflammation of the cephalic meninges. Cephalometer (sef-a/-om/-et-er) [kepazh, head; puérpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the head. Cephalometry (sef-a/-om/-et-re) [Kepa?, head; plátpov, a measure]. I. The use of the cephalometer: craniom- etry. 2. The art of taking measurements of the head to determine the position of the fissures and con- volutions of the brain. Cephalont (sef’-a/-änt) [kepaññ, head; ºv(but), being]. In biology, that phase of a gregarine in which an epimerite is added to the anterior cyst or proto- merite. Cephalo-orbital (sef-al-o-or/-bit-al) [kepaññ, head; orbita, an orbit]. Relating to the cranium and orbits. C. Index. See /na'ex. Cephalo-orbito-nasal (sef-al-o-or-bit-o-ma/-zal)[kepazà, the head; orbita, an orbit; nasalis, of the nose]. Re- lating to the cranium, orbits, and nose. Cephalopagus (sef-a/-op/-ag-us) [ke pažň, head; Tayeig, joined]. An ensomphalic monstrosity having the heads united at the top. Cephalopathic (sef-al-o-path/-īk) [Répažň, head; Táffog, disease]. Pertaining or belonging to a disease of the head. Cephalopathy (sef’-al-o-path-e) [keſpaññ, head; Táflog, disease]. Any disease of the head. Cephalophalsia (sef-al-o-ſa/-se-ah). alotripsy. Cephalophragm (sef’-al-o-fram) [KegaWä, head; 6páyga, division]. In biology, a Y-shaped septum transversely dividing the head-chamber of certain insects. Cephalophyma (sef-al-o-fi/-mah). Synonym of Ceph- a/hematoma. Cephalorrhachidian (sef-al-o-rak-id’-e-an) [kepaññ, head; hd Yug, spine]. Same as Cerebro-spinal. Cephaloscope (sef’-al-o-sköp) [kepazºff, head; oxoteiv, to examine]. A stethoscope for use in auscultation of the head or the ear. Cephalo-spinal (se/-al-o-spi/-na?). See Cerebro-spinal. Cephalostat (sef’-al-o-stat) [keſpaññ, head; to Távat, to cause to stand]. A vise or clamp for holding a patient’s head. Cephalostegite (sef-a-losſ-ſeſ-il) [Kejažň, head; otéyog, a roof J. In biology, the anterior or head region of the carapace of a crustacean. Cephalot, or Cephalote (sef’-al-ot, or -lot) [kepazoróg, headed]. A brown, resinoid fat obtainable from brain- substance. Cf. Cerebroſ. Cephalothorax (sef-al-o-thoſ-ražs) [kspaññ, head; 6ópaš, a breastplate]. In biology, the anterior por- tion of the body of an arthropod formed by the union of the head and thorax. Cephalothryptor (sef-al-o-thrip/-tor). See Cephalotribe. Same as Ceph- CEPHALOTOME P Cephalotome (sef’-al-o-tom) [keſpaññ, the head; réuvetv, to cut]. The instrument used in performing cephalot- omy. - Cephalotomy (sef-al-of/-o-me) [ke paññ, head; Tôplm, section]. The opening or division of the head of the fetus in labor. Cephalotribe (sef’-al-o-trib) [kepazºff, the head; Tpigetv, to crush]. An instrument for crushing the fetal head. Cephalotripsy (sef’-al-o-trip-se) [keſpañff, head; tpigetv, to bruise]. The operation of crushing the fetal head when delivery is otherwise impossible. Cephalotriptor (sef-al-o-trip/-tor). See Cephalotribe. Cephalotroch (sef’-al-o-trok) [Reſpa/h, head; tpoxóg, a wheel]. In biology, a molluscan or annelid larva having a cephalic circlet of cilia. Cephalous (sef’-al-us). [Kepaññ, head]. In biology, having a head. The opposite of Acephalous. Cephaloxia (sef al-oks/-e-a/). Synonym of Torticollis. Cera (se/-ra/) [I.]. Wax. A mixture of cerotic acid, cerolein, and myricin, gathered by the honey-bee from the pollen of flowers and the leaves of plants. C. alba, white wax ; prepared by bleaching yellow wax. It is valuable as an ingredient of cerates and oint- ments C. flava, yellow wax ; it possesses an agreeable balsamic odor. It is soluble in ether, hot alcohol, and chloroform. Ceraceous (se-ra/-se-us) [cera, wax]. Waxy; re- sembling wax. - Ceramidium (ser-am-ia/-e-um) [Képapioc, pottery]. In biology, the urn-shaped spore-bearing receptacle of certain algae. Cerasein (ser-a/-se-in) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. A pre- cipitate from a tincture of the bark of choke-cherry, Prunus virginiana (true); used as a quinin-substi- tute, and as a diaphoretic and sedative. Dose 2 to IO grains. Unof. Cerasin (ser/-as-in) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. I. An ingredient of the gum of cherry, peach, and plum trees, apparently identical with bassorin. 2. A crude precipitate from tincture of Choke-cherry, Q. v. Cerasinose (ser-asſ-in-às) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. A crystalline carbohydrate isomeric with arabinose; it is derivable from cherry-gum. Cerate (se/-ra/) [cera, wax]. In pharmacy, an unc- tuous preparation consisting of wax mixed with oils, fatty substances, or resins, and of such a consistence that at ordinary temperatures it can be readily spread upon linen or muslin, and yet is so firm that it will not melt or run when applied to the skin. There are eight official cerates. C., Goulard's. See Goulard. C., Hufeland's. See Hufeland. Ceratectasia (ser-at-eſº-ta/-ze-ah). See Aeratectasia. Ceratectomy (ser-at-ek/-to-me). See Aerectomy. Ceratiasis (ser-at-i/-as-is). See Aeratiasis. Ceratin (ser/-at-in). See Keratin. Ceratitis (ser-at-i/-ſis). See Aeratitis. Cerato- (ser/-at-o-). See Aerato- Ceratum (se-ra/-tum). See Cerate. Cerbera (ser/-ber-ah) [Cerberus, a dog of mythology]. A genus of apocynaceous old-world trees, several of them actively poisonous. C. odollam, of India, has purgative leaves and bark; it contains Cerberin, q.v. C. tanghin, the ordeal-tree of Madagascar, is highly poisonous; one seed is said to have destroyed 20 people. Cerberin (ser/-ber-in) [Cerberus, a dog of mythology]. A poisonous glucosid from the seeds of Cerbera odol- Jam and other related trees. Cercaria (ser-ka/-re-ah) [képkoç, tail]. Any trematode worm (fluke) in its second (or tailed) stage of larval life. 280 Cercomonas (ser-kom/ º: CEREBELLOUS Cercarian (ser-ka/-re-an) [képkoç, a tail]. Any tre- matode, or fluke-worm, in the Cercaria stage. Cerchnus (serº/ -mus) [képzvog, rough, hoarsel. Hoarse- ness; noisy respiration. Cercis (ser’-sis). See Judas Tree. [Képkoç, tail; pováç, monad]. A genus of flagellate infusorians. C. in- testinalis, a minute animal parasite, a protozoön, occasionally found in the fecal discharges of patients suffering with typhoid fever, chronic diarrhea, and cholera. Its pathologic significance has not yet been ascertained. C. urinarius. See Bodo. Cercus (ser/ º [képkoç, the tail of a beast]. In biology, one of the antenna-like structures projecting from the hinder parts of certain insects. Cere (ser) [cera, wax]. In biology, that portion of the sheath of the bill in certain birds, e.g., parrots and birds of prey, which has a waxy appearance. Cereal (se/-re-a/) [Ceres, the goddess of agriculture]. I. Relating to edible grains. 2. Any edible grain or bread-corn; also the plant that produces it. The composition of the more important cereals is thus given by Bell:— - § | * | * | * 93. zS .E. . . . . . . . Q ÉÉ ! . ; : | ? § $3 O § Q) º CONSTITUENTs. T. : - à § | # & & 5 B * º cº, tº wrºt := 3 * | 5 # 53 || 3 || 3 33 º º - C & tº : | > [1] O3: Fat, . . . . . . I.48 || I.56 I.03 5. I4 3.58 I.43 || O.19 Starch, . . . . . 63.71 65.86 63.51 49.78 64.66 61.87 || 77.66 Sugar (as Su- 6 8 crose), . . . . 2.57 2.24 I.34 2.3 I.94 || 4-30 || O.3 lbumin (insolu- Alºnſº Io.70 || 7.19 8.18 Io.62 | 9.67 || 9.78 || 7.94 N i t rog enous matter (solu- || 4.83 4.40 || 3.28 4.05 || 4.60 5.09 | 1.40 ble in alcohol), I.86 Tra- Cellulose, . . . 3.03 2.93 || 7.28 3°3 ces. Mineral matter, I.60 I.74 2.32 2.66 | 1.35 | I.85 O.28 Moisture, I2.08 || 14.08 || 13.06 || II.86 12.34 || 12.45 I2. I5 Total, . . . . Ioo.oo Ioo.oo |Ioo oo |IOO.oo |IOO.oO |IOO.oO |IOO.oo Cerealin (se/-re-a/-īn) [Ceres, the goddess of agricul- ture]. An albuminoid found in various cereals and obtainable from bran. See Flour. Cerebel (ser/-e-bel). See Cerebellum. Cerebellar (ser-e-bel/-ar) [dim, of cerebrum]. Re- lating to the cerebellum. C. Fossa. See Fossa. C. Ganglion. See Gang/ion. Cerebellic (ser-e-beſ/-ić). See Cerebellar. Cerebellitis (ser-e-àe/-i/-ſis) [cerebellum, a little brain; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cerebellum. Cerebellocortex º -eks) [cerebellum, the little brain; cortex, bark]. The cortex of the cere- bellum. Cerebello-spinal (ser-e-bel-o-spi/-nal) [cerebellum, the little brain; spina, the spine]. Relating to the cere- bellum and the spinal cord. Cerebellous (ser-e-bel/-us). See Cerebellar. CEREBELLUM Cerebellum (ser-e-beſ/-um) [dim. of cerebrum.]. The inferior part of the brain lying below the cerebrum. 13 - U 19-2mº, a. 20 sº-º: º º 21: ... " ; #º; º ; ºffiliº \\ º §ºjº º Wºź Nº. *. ~ - Sº º º º §º $º ɺ, ºś. ºft. º º ". N #º §: 3º. tº nº º ºs- L. " ...º * †º. ºº - º: *::::." ś ºf ſº ºrrº º 'ºtiſjºº ". "... . . . sº - INFERIOR ASPECT OF THE CEREBELLUM. I, I. Inferior vermiform process. 2, 2. Median fissure. 3, 3, 3 Lobes and lobules. 4. Amygdala or tonsil. 5. Flocculus, subpeduncular lobe or pneumogastric lobule. 6... Pons varolii. 7. Median fissure of pons. 8. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 9. Medulla oblongata. Io. Anterior extremity of circumferential fissure of cerebellum. II. Anterior border of superior surface. 12. Small or motor root of trigeminus. I3. Large or sensory root. I4. 6th nerve. I5. Facial nerve. I6. Nerve of Wrisberg. 17. Auditory nerve. 18. Glosso- º. 19. Pneumogastric. 20. Spinal accessory. 21. ypoglossal. ^x Cerebral (ser/-e-bral) [cerebrum, the brain]. Relating to the cerebrum. C. Apoplexy. See Apoplexy. C. Arteries. See Arteries, Table of C. Index. See Index. C. Maculae, spots on the skin caused by slight irritation, and abnormally persistent. They may indicate disorder of the vaso-motor mechanism. C. Nerves. See AVerves, Table of C. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia. C. Surprise, the speedy, but not long-persistent stupor that often follows sudden mental shock or grave lesion or injury of the brain. C. Vesicles. See Araúz-bladder. Cerebralgia(ser-e-bra/-je-ah)[cerebrum, the brain; āāyog, pain]. Pain in the head. Cerebralism(ser’-e-bral-izm)[cerebrum, the brain]. The theory that mental operations are due to the activity of the brain ; or that thought is a function of the brain. Cerebrasthenia (ser-e-bras-the-ne-ah) [cerebrum, the brain; &offevåg, without strength]. Cerebral asthenia. See Phrenasthenia. Cerebrasthenic (ser-e-brasſ-then-ić) brain; &offevåg, without strength]. or pertaining to, cerebrasthenia. Cerebration (ser-e-bra’-shun) [cerebrum, the brain]. Mental and cerebral activity. C., Unconscious, men- tal activity of which the subject is not conscious. Cerebria (ser-e'-bre-ah) [cerebrum, the brain]. Tem- porary cerebral exhaustion (but the term is variously applied by different writers); acute, chronic, partial, and sympathetic cerebria are among the varieties described. Cerebric Acid (ser’-e-brić). Same as Cerebrinic Acid. Cerebrifugal (ser-e-briſ/-u-gal) [cerebrum, the brain; fugere, to flee]. Centrifugal; efferent; transmitting or transmitted from the brain to the periphery. Cerebrin (ser’-e-brin) [cerebrum, the brain], Cin Hº NOA. A nitrogenous glucosid obtained from brain-tissue, nerves, and pus-corpuscles. It is a light, colorless, ex- ceedingly hygroscopic powder. The term has been applied to an “organic extract ’’ of unknown consti- tution, derived from brain-tissue. [cerebrum, the Characterized by, * 281 CEREBROSULPHATID Cerebrinacide (ser-e-àrin/-as-id") [cerebrum, the brain]. One of certain substances found in brain-tissue, and capable of combining with metallic oxids. Cerebrinic Acid (ser-e-brin/-i}). See Acid. Cerebripetal (ser-e-briſ/-et-a/) [cerebrum, the brain ; petere, to seek]. Centripetal; afferent; transmitting or transmitted from the periphery to the brain. Cerebritis (ser-e-bri/-/is) [cerebrum, the brain; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the proper substance of the cerebrum, due to traumatism, contiguous inflam- mation, or septic influence. Headache, possibly vom- iting, and convulsions are the most marked symptoms. C., Enzoötic—of horses. Also called staggers, or mad staggers. A disease of horses in the Western United States caused by eating corn that has been attacked by a mold, Aspergillus glaucus, the spores of which, finding lodgment in the kidneys and liver, germinate and cause derangements of the circulation with central abscesses. Neither mules, cattle, nor pigs appear to contract this disease. Cerebrogalactose (ser-e-àro gaſ-a/-täs). Cerebrose. Cerebro-hyphoid (ser-e-bro-hi/-ſoid) [cerebrum, the brain; upſ, tissue; eiðog, likeness]. Resembling the substance of the brain. Cerebrol (ser/-e-bro/) [cerebrum, brain; oleum, oil]. An oily, reddish fluid obtainable from brain-tissue. Cerebroma (ser-e-bro'-ma/) [cerebrum, the brain ; 5ua, a tumor: pl., Cerebromata]. A growth, outside the cranium, that contains cerebral tissue. Cerebromalacia (ser-e-bro-ma!-a/-se-ah) [cerebrum, the brain; uažakia, softness]. Softening of the brain- tissue. Cerebromedullary (ser-e-bro-med-u/-ar-e) [cerebriºn, the brain ; medulla, marrow]. Relating to the brain and spinal cord. Cerebropathy (ser-e-brop’-a-the) [cerebrum, the brain; Tábog, illness]. I. A train of symptoms following over- work and approaching the character of insanity. 2. Cerebral disease in general. Cerebropsychosis (ser-e-broß-sik-o'-sis) [cerebrum, the brain; pixwoug, animating]. Mental disturbance due to a disease of the psychic centers. Cerebrosclerosis (ser-e-bro-sk/e-ro’-sis) [cerchrum, the brain; oºmpóg, hard]. Sclerosis of cerebral tissue. Cerebroscopic (ser-e-bro-skop/-ić) [cerebrum, the brain; okoTeiv, to inspect]. Pertaining to cerebroscopy. Cerebroscopy (ser-e-brosſ-ko-pe) [cerebrum, the brain; okotreiv, to inspect]. Ophthalmoscopy in the diagno- sis of brain-disease. Cerebrose (ser’-e-brós) [cerebrum, the brain], CsPI,Os. A crystallized sugar isomeric with glucose, occurring in brain-tissue. Cerebro-sensorial (ser-e-bro-sen-so’-re-a/) [cerebrum, the brain; sensorium, the organ of sensation]. Per- taining to the cerebral sensorium. Cerebroside (ser/-e-bro-sid) [cerebrum, the brain]. One of a class of substances occurring in brain-tissue, con- taining cerebrose, just as glucosids contain g/ucose. Cerebrosis (ser-e-bro/-sis) [cerebrum, the brain]. Any cerebral disorder. Cerebrospinal (ser-e-bro-spi/-mal) [cerebrum, the brain; spina, the spine]. Pertaining to the whole of the brain and spinal structure. C. Axis. See Axis. C. Fluid, the fluid between the arachnoid and the pia. C. Meningitis. See Fezer, Cerebrospina/. C. Sys- tem, the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Cerebrospinant (ser-e-bro-spi/-nant) [cerebrum, the brain; spina, the spine]. A medicine that acts upon the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrosulphatid (ser-e-bro-su/-fat-id') [cerebrum, the brain; sulphur). Any cerebrinacide containing sulphur. Same as CEREBROT Cerebrot, Cerebrote (serſ-e-brot, ser/-e-brot) [cere- Artem, the brain]. A white, fatty principle obtainable from brain-substance. Cf. Cephalot. Cerebrotomy (ser-e-brot/-o-me) [cerebrum, the brain; Téuvetv, to cut]. Surgical or anatomic section of brain-tissue. Cerebrum (ser/-e-brum) [L.]. The chief portion of the brain, occupying the whole upper part of the cranium. See Brain. Cerectomy (ser-ek/-to-me). See Kerectomy. Cerencephalot (ser-en-sef’-a/-ot) [kmpóg, wax ; Śykép- ažoç, brain]. Cephalot. Cereolus (ser-eſ-o-lus) [cera, wax: £7., Cereoli). A bougie of waxed linen, often medicated. Ceresin (ser/-es-in) [cera, wax]. Ozokerite that has been bleached without distillation ; it is used as a sub- stitute for beeswax. Cereus (se/-re-us) [L., “a wax candle”]. cactaceous plants. C. grandiflorus. Ölooming Cereus. Cerevisia (ser-e-vis/-e-a/.) [L.]. Ale or beer. C. fer- mentum, beer-yeast. The ferment obtained in brew- ing beer, and produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is given in low states of the system. Dose 3 ss—j. Cerin (se/-rin) [cera, wax]. An ether of cerotic acid; one of the substances found in wax. Cerise (ser-áz/)[cerasus, a cherry-tree]. A pigment of a cherry color. See Pigments, Conspectus of Cerium (se/-re-um) [named after the planet Ceres]. Ce = 14O ; quantivalence II, IV. One of the rarer metals. See Elements, 7 able of C. oxalas, Ceo- (C.O.)3.9H2O, a white, granular powder, insoluble in water or alcohol, but soluble in hydrochloric acid. The oxalate is the only salt commonly employed in medicine. It is a gastric sedative useful in the vomit- ing of pregnancy. Dose gr. j-x, in pill. C. val- erianate has been used in the same class of cases. Dose gr. iss. Ceromel (se/-ro-mel) [kmpóg, wax; uéAl, honey]. Honey cerate; wax one part, honey two or four parts. It is applied to wounds and ulcers, chiefly in Asiatic countries. Ceroplastic (se-ro-plas/-tik) [kmpóg, wax; Tââogetv, to mould]. Modeled, or as if modeled, in wax]. C. Catalepsy. See Catalepsy. Ceroplasty (se/-ro-plas-fe) [kmpóg, wax ; Tââooelv, to mould]. The modeling of anatomic preparations in W2X. Cerosin (se/-ro-sin) [kmpóg, wax]. A wax-like substance forming a white or grayish-green coating on Some species of sugar-cane. When purified, it yields fine, light pearly scales. - Cerosis (ser-o/-sis) [kmpóg, wax]. That morbid condi- tion of a membrane in which it seems to consist of wax- like scales. Cerotene (se/-ro-tem) [kmpóg, wax]. An alkylen or ole- fin, C, Hsu, obtained from Chinese wax; it melts at 58°; cerylene. Cerotic Acid (se-ro/-īā). See Acid, Cerotic. Certificate (ser-ſiſ/-īā-āt) [certificare, to certify]. A written statement, as for insurance, or in case of birth or death. Cerulean Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Cerulein (ser-u/-le-in). Same as Alizarin Green, one of the Alizarins. See Aigments, Conspectus of Cerumen (ser-u/-men) [cera, wax]. The wax of the ear. Ceruminous (ser-u/-min-us) [cera, wax]. Pertaining to Cerunnen. * Ceruse (se/-ras) [cerussa, white lead]. I. White lead : basic carbonate and hydrate of lead. 2. A white face-powder. C. of antimony, white oxid of anti- mony; also antimonic acid. A genus of See AVight- 282 CESIUM Cervical (ser/-vić-al) [cervix, the neck]. Pertaining to the neck, or to the cervix uteri. C. Carcinoma, carcinoma of the neck of the womb. C. Choke, in the horse, the lodgment of a foreign body in the esophagus at any point between the “throat-latch '' and the shoulder. C. Endometritis. See Andometritis. C. Pregnancy, a rare condition in which from atrophy of the decidual membranes the impregnated ovum is not properly held in place, and dropping, lodges in the cervical canal, where it develops until the uterus, not being able to hold it longer, expels it. ; Cervicen (ser/-vis-en) [cervix, the neck]. solely to the cervix. Cervicicardiac (ser-vis-ik-ar/-de-ak) [cervix, the neck; Kapótá, the heart]. Relating to the neck and the heart, as the cervicicardiac nerves, branches of the vagus. Cerviciplex (ser/-vis-ip-leks) [cervix, the neck; plexus, a network]. The cervical plexus. Cervicitis (ser-vis-à/-tis) [cervix, the neck; tric, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the cervix uteri. Cervicobrachial (ser-vić-o-bra/-ke-al) [cervix, the neck; brachium, the arm]. Relating to the neck and the arm. Cervico-bregmatic (ser-vik-o-breg-mat/-ié) [cervix, the neck; 6péyua, the sinciput]. Relating to the cervix or mucha and the bregma. Cervicodynia (ser-vić-o-dim/-e-ah) [cervix, the neck; ôöövm, pain]. Cramp or neuralgia of the neck. Cervico-facial (ser-vik-o-ſa/-shal) [cervix, neck; facies, face]. Relating to the neck and the face. Cervico-occipital (ser-vić-o-o/-siº/-it-a!) [cervix, the neck; occiput, the back of the head]. Relating to the neck and the back of the head. Cervico-orbicular (ser-vić-o-or-bik/-u-lar) [cervix, neck; orbicularis, circularl. Relating to the neck and the orbicular muscle. Cervico-vaginal (ser-vić-o-vaj/-in-al) [cervix, the neck; vagina, a sheath]. Relating to the cervix uteri and the vagina. Cerviculate (ser-vi}/-u-lat) [cervicula, a little neck]. In biology, having a slender neck. Cervix (ser/-viás) [L.]. The neck; also the posterior part of the neck. Applied also to constricted parts of other organs, as the cervix of the bladder, or of the penis. C. Uteri, the neck of the womb. C. Vesicae, the neck of the bladder. Ceryl (se/-ril) [cera, wax], Co, Hºg. An organic radical found in combination in beeswax. Cerylene (se/-ril-en). See Cerotene. Cesarean, or Caesarean, Operation (se-za/-re-an op-er- a/-shum) [cadere, to cut]. . Extraction of the fetus through an incision made in the abdomen. C. O., Con- servative, the removal of the fetus through an open- ing in the anterior abdominal wall, without removing the uterus or its appendages. C. O., Elective, one done at a selected time prior to labor. C. O., Improved. See Sänger's Operation, Porro's Operation, etc. C. O., Post-mortem, extraction of the child after the mother's death. For the various methods proposed of performing the Cesarean Operation, see Gastro-elytro- zomy, Zaparo-elytrotomy, Gastro-hysterectomy, Gas- tro-hysterotomy, and the operations of Porro, Sánger, Pozzo-Miſſ/ler, Åehrer, and Thomas, under Opera- tions, Table of Cesarean Section. See Operations, Table of Cesium, or Caesium (se/-ze-um) [L., “bluish-gray"), Cs = 132.6; quantivalence I. A rare alkaline metal resembling potassium in physical and chemic properties. C. bromid, like the other bromids, is a good sedative, but its cost is very great. The oxalate and nitrate have also been employed medicinally. Belonging CESPITOSE Unof. C. chlorid, unof., lowers the pulse-rate and raises the arterial pressure. Dose gr. iſ—v. Cespitose (ses/-pit-ös) [casſes, a turf or sod]. In biology, growing in or characterized by tangled or matted tufts. Cesspool (ses/-pool) [E. dial., suss, a puddle; M.E., pool]. A reservoir for water; a privy. Cestoid, or Cestode º: -toid, or ses/-täd) [keoróg, a gir- dle; elóog, likeness]. Shaped like a girdle, or ribbon; applied to worms, of which Tznia is a type. Cetacea º [cetus, a whale]. An order of mammals living in the sea, as the whale, dolphin, etc. Cetaceum (se-ta/-se-um) [L. : gen., Cetacei J. Sperma- ceti. A fatty substance somewhat resembling paraffin in its physical properties. It is obtained from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocep/alus. . It is soluble in ether, chloroform, and boiling alcohol, and is employed only as an emollient. C., Ceratum, contains spermacti Io, white wax 35, olive oil 55 parts. C., Ung. (B. P.), contains spermaceti, white wax, almond oil, and benzoin. Cetraria (se-tra/-re-ah) [catra, a short Spanish shield]. I. A genus of lichens. 2. Iceland moss. A lichen, C. Islandica, found in Iceland and other northern countries. It contains a form of starch, Zicherzin, that gelatinizes when boiled with water. It is a feebly tonic demulcent, sometimes recommended in pulmon- ary affections. C., Decoct., contains five per cent. of the lichen. Dose 3 ii-iv. Cetrarin (se-tra/-rin) [catra, a short Spanish shield]. The bitter principle of Iceland moss, crystallizing in fine needles, and nearly insoluble in water. Cetyl (se/-fi/) [cetus, a whale], CigHss. An alcoholic radical existing in beeswax and spermaceti. Cetylid (se/-tiſ-id) [cetus, a whale], C2, HºOs. Geoghegan’s term for the substance in the brain that reduces alkaline solutions of cupric salts. Cevadilla (sev-ad-i/-ah). See Cebadilla. Cevadillin (sev-ad-i/-in) [cevadilla], Cs, Hsan Os. An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained from cevadilla. Cevadin (sev/-ad-in), Cs2H19NO9. A crystalline alkaloid of cevadilla. See Veratriya. - - Ceylon Sickness. See Beriberi. Chabert's Disease. See Diseases, Table of Chaeraphrosyne (Ae-raf-rosſ-in-e) [xaipeiv, to rejoice; &ppoo ºvn, senselessness]. Amenomania. Chaeromania (#e-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [xaipeiv, to rejoice; plavia, madness]. Amenomania. Chaeta (Ae/-tah) [xattm, a long hair]. A bristle. Chaetophorous (Åe-toff’-or-us) [xairm, a long hair; ºpépetv, to bear]. In biology, bearing bristles. Chaffbone (chaf’-bon) [AS., ceaſ, husk; ban, a bone]. A name for the inferior maxilla. Chagres Fever. See Aºzer. Chain (chán) [ME., chaine, a chain]. I. A series of connected links of metal, etc. 2. In chemistry, a group of like atoms joined together by chemic affinity without the intervention of atoms of another kind. C. Ecraseur, an écraseur of which a chain forms the cutting part. C.-saw, a surgeon’s saw, the teeth of which are linked together like a chain. Chair (chár) [ME., chaire, a chair]. I. A seat of office, as that of a professor. 2. A piece of furniture consisting of a seat with a back support. C., Vibra- ting. See Shaking Cure. C., Whirling, a revolv- ing-chair in which formerly a maniacal patient was rapidly whirled. This was regarded as both a seda- tive and a curative procedure. Chalastic (kal-asſ-tié) [xažaorukóg, making supple]. I. Emollient, softening. 2. An emollient or laxative medicine. Chalastodermia (Āal-as-to-der/-me-ah). AXermatolysis. Synonym of 283 CHAMOIS-SKIN Chalaza (Āal-a/-zah) [xážača, a hailstone]. In biology, one of the twisted cords binding the yolk-bag of an egg to the lining membrane of the shell; or that part of a seed where its coats unite with each other and the nucleus. Chalazion (AEa/-a/-ze-on) [xažáštov, a small hailstone]. A tumor of the eyelid from retained secretion of the Meibomian glands: a Meibomian cyst. Chalazonephritis (AEa/-a-zo-meſ-ri/-täs) [xá%aſa, hail : véppov, the kidney; trag, inflammation]. Granular nephritis. Chalicosis (kal-ik-o'-sis) [xá%tć, gravel]. A disease of the lungs of workmen caused by the inhalation of dust or sand. Chalk (chawk) [ME., chalk, lime]. Carbonate of lime. See Calcium. C. Stone, gout-stone—a deposit be- neath the skin in gouty patients. Chalot's Operation. See Operations, Zable of Chalybeate (Äa-lib’-e-āt) [2.6% wip, iron]. Containing 1IOIl. Chalybs (ka/-libz) [L.]. See Ferrum. Chamber (cham/-ber) [ME., chamber, a room]. A cavity or space. C., Anterior (of the eye), the space between the cornea and the iris. C., Posterior (of the eye), the space between the iris and the lens. The chambers of the eye contain the aqueous humor. Chamberlaine's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Chamberland’s Bougie or Filter. See Filter. Chamecephalic (Āam-e-seſ-a/-ä) [xaptat, low ; kepazº, head]. Characterized by chamecephaly. Chamecephalous (Åam-e-sef’-a/-us). See Chame- cephalic. Chamecephaly (&am-e-sef’-a/-e) [xaplai, low ; Kejažň, head]. In craniometry, that condition of the skull in which the cephalic index is 70° or less. A flat and receding skull. Chameconcha (Āam-e-Kong/-kah) [xaplai, low ; kóYxm, orbit]. In craniometry, an orbital index below 8O.OI.9 Chameconchous (Åam-e-cong/-kus) [xauai, low ; kóyzm, concha). In craniometry, having an orbital index of not more than 8o°. Chamecranious (&am-e-Ara/-me-us) [xaplai, low ; Kpavióv, skull]. In craniometry, having the greatest length of the skull proportioned to its height. Chameleon Mineral (&am-eſ-le-on min/-er-al). An old name for a crude mixture of potassium manganate with potassium nitrate. Chamelirin (&am-e/-ir/-in) [xaplai, ground; Zeiptov, lily]. A poisonous glucosid from Chamaelirion luteum; it is a strong heart-depressant. Chamelirion (&am-el-ir/-e-on) [xapat, ground ; Zeiptov, lily]. A genus of liliaceous plants having active medicinal and poisonous properties. C. luteum, or carolinianum, of the U. S. (called Helonias dioica), is a uterine tonic and diuretic. Unof. Chameopisthius (&am-e-o-pisſ-the-us) [xapat, low ; birtofftov]. In craniometry, Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and the lambda is from 17° to 24.5°. Chameprosopic (Kam-e-pro-so/-pić) [xaplaí, low ; Tpógoſtov, face]. Low-faced; having the zygomatic facial index below 90°. Chamocephalic (Áam-o-seſ-a/-ä) [xauai, on the ground, low; kepääff, head]. See Chāmecep/aſic. Chamois Leather (sham/-wah, or sham/-e). See Aleather. Chamois-skin (sham/-wah-, or sham/-e-skin). Properly the skin or tanned leather of the chamois; now pre- pared from split sheep-skin. It is used in surgery and for underclothing. CHAMOMILE Chamomile (kam/-o-mil). See Anthemis and Matri- C(27°26′. Chamoprosopic (Aam-o-pro-so'-pić) [xauai, on the ground; Tpéootov, face]. See Chameprosopic. Champagne º [Fr.]. An effervescent wine (see Pinum), sometimes prescribed as a remedy for nausea and vomiting. For Champagnes see Wines. Champak (cham/-flak) [Beng., champaka]. A magno- liaceous tree of India and Indo-China, Michelia champaca. Its highly-fragrant flowers are used for nasal catarrhs and for headaches and eye-disorders; its bark is febrifuge and emmenagogue. . Unof. Chancebone (chans/-bān). A name for the ischium. Chancre (shang/-ker) [Fr., same]. A term formerly used indiscriminately for any primary venereal ulcer, but now generally conceded to signify the initial lesion of syphilis, a true infecting sore, followed by constitu- tional symptoms (see Syphilis); while chancroid is employed to designate the infectious but non-consti- tutional Sore. C., Hard, Hunterian, Indurated, Infecting, Non-suppurating, or True, the ulcer of venereal origin, that is followed by constitutional syphilis. C., Non-incubatory, Non-infecting, Simple, or Soft, a contagious, suppurating, non- Syphilitic venereal ulcer, properly called chancroad. C., Phagedenic, chancroid with a tendency to ero- Sion. C., Serpiginous, a variety of the last that spreads superficially in curved lines. Chancroid (shang'-Aroid) [chancre]. A local, infective process transmitted by Sexual intercourse, and charac- terized by ulceration, local glandular involvement, and often suppuration. It has been variously termed the soft, non-indurated, simple, or non-syphilitic chancre. See Chancre. Change (chánj) [ME., changen, to change]. Death. The word is colloquially used either for the establish- ment or the cessation of the menstrual function. C. of Life, the cessation of the catamenia; the menopause. Channel-bone (chan/-e/-bān) [ME., chanel, a canal; ôoon, a bone]. The clavicle. Chantreuil’s Method. In pelvimetry, a method of ascertaining the distance between the tuberosities of the ischia (II cm.) in estimating the size of the pelvic outlet. The two thumbs are placed upon the tuberosi- ties, and a:1 assistant measures the distance between them. Chap (chap) [ME., chappen, to cleave]. I. The jaw (usually in the pl.). 2. A slight or superficial fissure of the skin, usually upon the lips, hands, or nipples. Chaptalization (chap-ta/-īz-a/-shun). A method of improving wines consisting in neutralizing the excess of acidity in the must by the addition of marble-dust, and increasing the saccharine content by the addition of a certain quantity of cane-sugar. The wine becomes richer in alcohol, poorer in acid, and the bouquet is not injured. Charbon (s/ar/-bon) [Fr J. anthrax, or pustula maligna. Charcoal (char/-kő) [ME., charco/e]. Coal made by subjecting wood to a process of smothered combustion. See Carbo anima/is and Carbo ſigni. Charcot Pain. Pain in the ovarian region. Charcot's Disease, Sclerose en plagues. Disseminated, multiple, or insular sclerosis. See Diseases, Table of C.'s Joint, or Joint Disease. See Arthropathia and APiseases, Table of C.-Leyden Crystals, microscopic, colorless, octahedral or rhomboidal crystals found in the intestinal tract in leukemic and anemic patients and in the sputum of asthmatic and bronchitic patients; so called by Bäumler. Same as Charcot-AWeumann Crystals. See Spermin. C.’s Method. See Hypno- The French term for 284 See Al/?c/he/ia. . CHEDDAR CHEESE tism. C.-Neumann Crystals. See Spermin. C.- Robin Crystals, crystals forming upon leukemic blood when allowed to stand exposed for a few days. C.'s Vibrating Arm-chair. See Shaking Cure. Charlatan (shar'-lat-an) [Sp., charlar, to prattle]. A quack; a pretender to medical skill; an advertising doctor. Charlatanoid (shar'-lat-am-oid) [Sp., charlar, to prattle]. A term applied to an organism so closely resembling a charlatan as at times to be almost in- distinguishable. Charles’s Law. See Zaw. Charpie (shar'-pe) [carpere, to pluck]. Picked or shredded lint; linen shreds for dressing wounds. Charqui (char/-ke) [Chilian]. A name given in South America to strips and slices of beef freed from fat and dried rapidly by sun-heat and sprinkled with maize. Charrière's Guillotine. An instrument for excising the tonsils. See Operations, Table of Charta (AEar/-tah) [xáptnc, paper: gen, and//., Chartal. A paper. In pharmacy, a strip of paper as an excip- ient, the fibers of which are impregnated with the prescribed medicinal substance. Also a wrapper for holding powders or medicines. Of the three official chartae, two are intended as vesicants. C. epispas- tica, or C. cantharidis, blistering-paper. C. em- poretica, porous or bibulous paper. C. exploratoria, test-paper. C. Sinapis, mustard-paper. Chartreuse (shar-trez/) [Fr.]. A tonic cordial, ob- tained by distillation from various plants growing on the Alps. Chartula (Żart/-u-lah) [dim. of chartaj. A little paper, especially a paper containing a single dose of a medic- inal powder. Chasma (£az/-mah), or Chasmus (Åaz/-mus) [Yaogóg, a gaping]. A yawn. - Chassaignac's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Chaste Tree (chast tre). See Agnus castus. Chaulmugra Oil (chawl-moog/-rah.) [E. Ind.]. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Gynocardia odor- ała, a tree native to the E. Indies. It is soluble in alcohol, and its properties are due to gynocardic acid. It is thought to be useful in leprosy and is recom- mended in scaly eczema, psoriasis, and syphilitic skin- affections. For external use, gr. xx of the acid ad 3j of petrolatum. Internally, dose gtt. v-x of the oil, or gr. SS—iij of the acid, in capsules. All unof. Chaussier, Line of. See Zines, Table of Chautard’s Test. See Tests, Table of Chauvel's Operation. See Operations, Table of Chavibetol (chav-e-be’-to/) [chavica, or piper; betel], Ciołł1,O21. A substance isomeric with eugenol; it occurs in oil of betel. Chavica (chav/-ić-ah) [native South Sea Island name]. A genus of plants including the long pepper and betel- pepper. - * Chavicin (chaz/-is-in) [c/avica, a genus of plants]. An organic basic principle analogous to piperin, found in pepper. Chavicol (chaz/-ić-o/) [chavica, a genus of plants], C.H.OH.C.Hs. A substance occurring in the oil obtained from the leaves of Chazica befel. It is a colorless oil with a peculiar odor, and boils at 237°; its sp. gr. at 20° is I.O35. Chawstick (chaw'-stiž). See Chewstick. Check (chek) [ME., chek, a sudden stop]. Something restraining. C.-experiment. See Control, C.- ligament. See Zigament. C.—observation. See Control. Checker-berry (cheá/-er-øer’-e). Gaze/theria proczemzóems. Cheddar Cheese. See Cheese. A popular name for CHEEK Cheek (chek) [ME., cheke]. The side of the face; it is composed of fat, areolar tissue, muscles, etc. Cheese º [ME., chase]. A food prepared from the casein of skimmed or unskimmed milk. In the fol- lowing table the results of the researches of Payen on the composition of cheese are quoted in IOO parts for the following kinds: (1) Brie, (2) Camembert, (3) Roquefort, (4), Double cream, (5) Old Neufchâtel, (6) New Neufchâtel, (7) Cheshire, (8) Gruyère, (9) Ordinary Dutch, (Io) Parmesan. The varieties under I, exhibit an alkaline reaction, and contain, with ammonia, cryptogamic plants, or, as it is termed, are moldy. The varieties under II, so-called boiled, strongly pressed, and salted cheese, exhibit an acid 285 reaction, as also does freshly prepared casein. I. I 2 3 4. 5 Water, . . . . . . 45.20 5I-90 34.50 9.50 || 34.50 Nitrogenous matter, sº 18.90 26.50 18.40 I3.OO Nitrogen, . . . . . 2.93 3.00 4.2.1 2.92 3.31 Fatty matters, . . . . 25.70 || 21.oo 30. Io 59.90 || 41.90 Salts, . . . . . . 5.60 4.70 || 5.00 6.50 || 3.60 Non-nitrogenous } organic matter 5.oO 4.50 3.90 5.70 7.00 and loss, II. 6 7 8 9 IO Water, . . . . . . 36.60 35.90 4O.OO 36. Io 27.60 Nitrogenous matter, 8.00 26.00 3I.50 29.40 - 44. IO Nitrogen, . . . . . I.27 4.13 5.00 4.80 * 7.oo Fatty matters, . . 40.70 26.30 24.OO 27.50 I6.oo Salts, . . . . . . . O.50 4, 20 3.00 O.90 5.70 organic matter I4.20 7.60 I.50 6. Io 6.60 and loss, Non - nitrogenous } The character of a few of the different varieties of cheese is as follows: Neufchâtel cheese is a Swiss cream cheese. Limburger cheese is a soft, fat cheese. Fromage de Brie is a soft French cheese, rapidly ripen- ing and developing ammoniacal compounds. Camem- bert cheese is also a cream cheese. Roquefort cheese is a cheese made from the milk of the ewe, Gruyère cheese is a peculiarly flavored Swiss cheese. Ched- dar cheese is a hard cheese made from whole milk. Single and double Gloucester are made, the first from a mixture of skimmed and entire milk, and the second from the entire milk. Parmesan cheese is a very dry cheese, with a large amount of casein and only a moderate percentage of fat. Eidam cheese is a Dutch cheese, also relatively dry, and CHEMOSIS covered with red coloring. As to the bacillus of cheese see Spirillum tyrogenzum, Denecke, under Aacteria, Table of Cheese-rennet (chez/-ren-et). See Ladies' Bed-straw. Cheesy (chéz/-e) § , chese]. Of the nature of cheese. C. Degeneration, caseous degeneration, or caseation. C. Tubercle, a mass of caseously degenerated tissue. Cheil-, or Cheilo- (ki/-, or Ai/-o-). beginning see Chil-, or Chilo-. Cheiro- (Air/-o). For words thus beginning see Chiro-. Chekan, or Cheken (che/-en) [Chilian]. I. The leaves of Eugenia cheáen, a South American shrub. Its properties are due to an alkaloid and a volatile oil. It is diuretic and expectorant and similar in action to eucalyptus. It is serviceable in chronic catarrh, laryn- gitis, etc. Dose of the fluid extract 3 ss—j. Unof. 2. The crude resin obtained from Cannabis indica. Chela (Że/-/ah). [xmå%, a claw]. In biology, the claw or pincers of a crustacean. Chelicera (Āe-lis/-er-ah) [xmżff, a claw; képaç, a horn]. In biology, a claw-like appendage of scorpions and spiders, containing a poison-gland in the latter. Chelidonic Acid (Áe/-īd-on/-ić). See Acid. Chelidonin (£el-id-o’-min) [xežtóóvuov, celandine], Cis- Hiſ N3O3 + H2O, or ClaRITINO,. A crystalline alkaloid of celandin (Chelidonium majus), of a bitter and acrid taste, and forming colorless Salts with acids. It is not a very active substance. See Sanguinarin. Chelidonium (kel-id-o'-me-um) [xežtóóviov, celandine]. Celandin. The leaves and stems of C. majus, with properties due to a number of alkaloids and acids. It is a drastic cathartic, and externally an irritant, and is of service in jaundice, whooping-cough, and catarrhal pneumonia. Dose of the plant gr. x-xxx; of the juice muv-xx. Unof. Chelidoxanthin (kel-id-oks-an/-thin) [xežtóóvtov, celan- dine]. One of the bitter, crystalline constituents of celandin. Cheloid (ke/-loia) [xm2%, a claw; eiðog, form]. A raised or elevated fibroma of the skin ; so called from its fre- quent claw-shape. See also Åeloid. Cheloma (#e-lo'-mah). Same as Keloid. Chelonin (£e!’-on-in). See Balmony. Chelotomy (Áe-lof’-o-me). See Aelotomy. Chematropism (Æem-at'-ro-pizm). See Chemotropism, and Chemotaxis. Chernic, Chemical (Aem/-ić, kem/-ić-al) [xmueta, chemistry]. Of or pertaining to chemistry. C. Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of C. Food, compound Syrup of the phosphates, a very complex preparation used in disorders attended with impaired nutrition. C. Lung. See AVeale’s Zung. C. Pathology, the chemistry of disease. Chemico-radical Theory. A theory of the constitution of the carbon compounds. It is that the object of organic chemistry is the investigation and isolation of radicals as the more intimate components of the organic compounds. Chemiotaxis, Chimiotaxis (kem/-e-o-taks-is, Aim/-e-o- taks-is). See Chemotaxis. Chemise, Rectal (she-mê2/). A form of surgical dressing made of muslin and applied after operations upon the rectum to control or prevent hemorrhage. For words thus Chemism (Aem/-izm) [æmusta, chemistry]. Chemic force. Chemistry (kem/-is-tre) [xmusta, chemistry]. The sci- ence of the molecular and atomic structure of bodies. Chemocephalus (Åem-o-sef’-al-us) [xauai, low ; Kepaxå, head]. An individual possessed of a flat head. Chemosis (£e-mo/-sis) [xãuſogic, a gaping]. Conjunc- tival and sub-conjunctival swelling. CHEMOTACTIC Chemotactic (Aém-o-tak/-/ić) [xmueta, chemistry; Tášić, battle-array]. Pertaining or relating to chem- Otaxis. Chemotaxis (Aem-o-taks/-is), Chemiotaxis (Aem-e-o- taks/-is) [xmueia, chemistry; Táooelv, to order, arrange]. The property of cellular attraction and repulsion. It is displayed by the proteid constituents of the proto- plasm of various species of bacteria, as well as by proteids from a great variety of sources. The quali- fications Aositive and negative are added according as the phenomenon is one of attraction or repulsion. Chemotic (AEe-mo/-ić) [xiuwolg, a gaping]. Pertaining to or marked by chemosis. Chemotropism (Æem-of/-ro-pigm) [æmuetá, chemistry; Tooth, a turning, a rout, a putting to flight]. In biology, the destruction of bacteria by phagocytes; the victory of the phagocytes over bacteria, or of bacteria over phagocytes. In biology, the attraction of leu- kocytes by certain chemic substances held in solution in the blood, either positive or negative. Cf. Chemo- fºr?S. Chenopodium (Æen-o-po'-de-um) [xãv, a goose; Tóðtov, a little foot]. American Wormseed; the fruit of C. ambrosioides, or and/e/mainticum, a plant native to the United States with properties due to a volatile oil, which is the only preparation used. It is a mild car- diac stimulant, promoting the secretions of the skin and kidneys, and also a very efficient anthelmintic against the round-worm. Dose of the oil muv-xv. Cheoplastic (AEe-o-plas’-fi/) [xéety, to pour; TAao Tukóg, plastic]. Made soft and yielding by heat. C. Metal, an alloy composed of tin, silver, and bismuth, with a Small trace of antimony. Cherry (cher’-e) [ME., chery]. The bark of the com- mon cherry, Aruzzzes sero/izza, a mild bitter and tonic, containing tannin. Dose of flá. ext. 3 ss—j. Prunin, a concentrated ext. Dose gr. j—iij. C.-Compound, each Oj represents cherry-bark 3 viij, lettuce 3 iij, horehound 3 iijss, bloodroot 3.j, veratrum viride 3 ss. Dose muxv-3 j. All unof. See also Choſºe-cherry and Arunus virginiana. C.-laurel, the European ever- green cherry, Arumus lazero-cerasus. Water distilled from its leaves is used in the same way as dilute hy- drocyanic acid. See Acid, Aydrocyanic. Cheselden's Operations. See Operations, Zable of Chest. See Thorax. C., Barrel-, a peculiar formation of the chest observed in cases of long-standing em- physema of the lungs; it is round like a barrel, and in respiration is lifted vertically instead of being expanded laterally. See Amphysema, C.-founder. See Founder. C. Sweetbread. See Sweetbread. Chestnut. See Castamea. C. Extract. See Aſorse- ches/mze/-bazº. C.-wood, a wood used in leather- manufactures, derived from the Castamea z/esca, and containing from eight to ten per cent. of a tannin that closely resembles gallotannic acid. The extract, containing from I4 to 20 per cent. of tannin, is used largely to modify the color produced by hem- lock extract and for tanning and dyeing. Chevreul's Test. See Tests, Table of. Chevron-bone (shev'-ron-bān) [ML., capro, a rafter; boon, bone]. One of two bones forming a V-shaped arch beneath the caudal portion of the back-bone of many animals. Chewstick [ME., chewen, to chew; stižen, to pierce]. The bark of Gomania domingensis, a popular aro- matic bitter in the West Indies. It is also used as a dentifrice and masticatory. Dose of the fla. ext. 3.j—ij. Unof. Cheyne's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cheyne-Stokes Breathing or Respiration. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of C. Nystagmus, a 286 CHIBRET'S OPERATION variety of nystagmus in which the oscillations of the ºn A, T A ſº v. Lºſſ/ſilſº tº Lºſt TRACING OF CHEYNE-STOKES BREATHING. eyeball have a rhythmic variation similar to the rhythm of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Chian (Ai’-an) [xfog, Chios]. island in the AEgean Sea. Zeyrebizz/h?zza. Chiasm, Chiasma (ki’-azm, Ai-az/-mah) [x1648tv, to make a cross, as an X]. The optic commissure. Pertaining to Chios, an C. Turpentine. See OPTIC CHIASM AND ADJACENT PARTs. I. Infundibulum. 2. Tuber cinereum. 3. Corpora albicantia, or mammillaria. 4. Crus cerebri. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 7. Anterior pyramid. 8. Decussation. 9. Olivary body. Io. Gray tubercle of Rolando. II. Arci- form fibers. , 12. Superior extremity of spinal cord. 13, 13. Denticulate ligament. I4. Spinal dura mater. I5. Optic tract. 16. Optic chiasm. I7. 3d nerve. 18. 4th nerve. 19. 5th nerve. 20. 6th nerve. 21. Facial nerve. 22. Audi- tory nerve. 23. Nerve of Wrisberg. 24. Glosso-pharyn- geal nerve. 25. Pneumogastric nerve. 26, 26. Spinal accessory nerve. , 27. Hypoglossal. 28. Ist cervical pair. 29. 2d cervical pair. 30. 3d cervical pair. Chiastometer (Ai-as-tom/-et-er) [ xiaoróg, crossed; plétpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring any deviation of the optic axes from parallelism. Chibou (see-boo/) [Fr.]. The resin or gum of Bursera gummifera, a tree of Florida and tropical America; it is locally valued in diseases of the lung and kidneys, and is used in various plasters and ointments; it is called also cachibou and archipin. Unof. Chibret's Operation. See Operations, Zable of. CHICA RED Chica Red (che/-kah) [S. Amer.]. Conspectus of Chick Pea (chi/ pe) [ME., chich peaj. The plant Cicer arietinum ; also the pulse derived from it; much used as an article of food in various countries. Lathy- rism (apparently chronic oxalic-acid poisoning), g. v., sometimes results from the too free use of the chick- pea as a food. Chickahominy Fever (chik-a-hom/-in-e fe/-ver). A'ezer. Chicken (chik/-en) [ME., chiken, a chicken]. A domes- tic fowl. C. Breast, an abnormally prominent condi- tion of the sternum and of the sternal region; pigeon- breast; it is seen in rhachitic persons, etc. C. Cholera, See Cholera. C.-fat Clot. A clot of blood consist- ing largely of fibrin, yellowish in color, and contain- ing but few red-cells. C.-pox. See Varice//a. Chicle (chik/-/) [S. Amer.]. A gum obtained from the Achras sapota, a tree of tropical America, and used as a masticatory. Chico Red (che/-ko) [S. Amer.]. Same as Chica Red. Chicory (chi}/-or-e) [kizopa, chicory]. Cichorium tntybus, a composite plant of Europe and Asia, natur- alized and growing in the United States. Its ground- root is used to adulterate coffee. Chicot (che/-ko) [Fr.]. Kentucky Coffee Bean. The seeds of Gymnocladus canadensis. Chicot contains a volatile oil and a glucosid, and is probably a cere- bro-Spinal stimulant. It is sometimes used as a sub- stitute for coffee. Unof. Chiene's (John) Method. A method of locating the fissure of Rolando. A square piece of paper is folded once, so as to form a triangle. Either of the two equal angles is then 45°. One free edge is then folded back so that this angle is bisected, thus form- ing an angle of 22.5°. The paper is then unfolded at the first crease, so as to secure an angle of 67.5, the apex of which is placed 9% inch behind the mid-point between the glabella and the inion, so that the straight side of the paper corresponds to the middle of the anterior aspect of the head; the other margin of the paper, the fold, corresponds to the fissure of Rolando, the length of which is about 3% inches. C.’s Opera- tion. See Operations, Table of Chignon Fungus (shen-yôn/). [Fr.]. A fungoid dis- ease of the hair in which oval or roundish masses sur- round the hair-shaft at irregular intervals. It is also miscalled Chignon gregarine. Chigoe (chig/-o) [Fr., Chique]. Sand-flea; Sarcop- sylla penetrans, a small parasite of the skin, affecting usually that portion between the toes and fingers; also the red harvest mite, Zeptus irritans. It is also written chigo, chegoe, chigga, chiggre, chigger, jigger. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Chilblain (chi!/-blan) [AS., cele, cold; &legan, to boil]. Pernio; Erythema pernio. An erythematous local inflammation and swelling of the skin, due to cold. It is most common in the young of lymphatic consti- tution. The symptoms are an eruption of circular, raised erythematous spots, attended with severe itch- ing or burning ; later, bullae may form, and these may lead to ulceration. Child (child) [ME., child, pl., Children]. A young person. C.-bed, the popular term for the condition of a woman during and after labor. C.-bed Fever. See Puerperal Fever, C.-birth, parturition. C.- crowing, the crowing sound of the respiration that characterizes Zaryngismus stridulus, g. v. C.-hood, See Pigments, See the age of childishness; the period before puberty. ' C.-murder. See Anfanticide. Children’s Diseases. See Pediatrics. Chile (chi/-e). See Capsicum. 28 ºf 4 CHINESE Chili Saltpeter. See Sodium. Chilitis (ki/-i/-tis) [xeižoç, lip]. Inflammation of a lip. Chill (chil) [ME., chil]. A sensation of cold accom- panied by Shivering, usually appearing shortly after exposure to cold or wet. It is frequently the initial symptom of grave acute disorders, as pneumonia, etc. It is a prominent symptom of various forms of malarial fever. See Rigor. Chilli (chi/-e). See Capsicum and African Pepper. Chills and Fever. A popular term for intermittent fever. - Chilo-angioscope (Ai-lo-an/-je-o-sköp) [xeižoc, lip; äyyetov, vessel; akotreiv, to look]. An apparatus for observing the circulation of the blood in the human lip. - Chilocace (Äil-o/-as-e) [xeižog, lip; Kakóg, evil]. A firm, reddish swelling of the lip in scrofulous children. Chiloglossa (Ai’-lo-'glos-ah) [xeižog, lip; 77.60aa, tongue]. In biology, the anterior lip, or the mem- branous protuberance that lies in front of the mandibles and is continued under these in certain arthropods. Chilogramma (Ai-lo-'gram/-mah) [xeižoc, lip; Ypáuua, a mark: pl., Chilogrammata]. Jadelot's labial line. See Zines, /adelof’s. Chiloma (ki-lo/-mah ) [xeſ}oua, a lip]. In biology, a projecting thickened upper lip—as in the camel. Chiloplasty (Ai’-lo-plas-te) [xeižog, lip; Tāāagetv, to form]. Any plastic operation upon the lip. Chilorrhagia (Ai-lor-a/-je-ah) [xeižog, lip ; to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the lips. Chiloschisis (Ai-losſ. Áis-is) [xeižoç, lip; axiotç, a split]. Hare-lip. Chimaphila (Ai-maf’-i/-ah) [xeiua, winter; pižog, loving]. Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine; the leaves of C. wmbellata, an evergreen found in the U. S., an astrin- gent tonic and excellent diuretic. The bruised leaves are used as a rubefacient. It is valuable in dropsy, several forms of kidney disease, and for affections of the urinary passages, C., Fld. Ext. Dose 3 ss—ij. C., Decoctum. I to 17. Dose 3.j—iij. Unof. Chimaphilin (Ai-maf’-iſ-in) [xeipia, winter; ºtzog, loving]. A precipitate from the tincture of Chimaphila zembellata, used in cancers; it is a diuretic, discutient, and alterative. Dose two to three grains. Unof. Chimiotaxis (kim-e-o-taks/-is). See Chemotaxis. Chimiotetic (#im-e-o-tet/-ić). See Chemotactic. Chimney-sweep’s Cancer. Cancer of the scrotum, formerly not uncommon among chimney-sweepers. Chin [ME., chin]. The mentum ; the lower part of the face, at or near the symphysis of the lower jaw. C., Double. See Buccula. C.-cough, whoop- ing-cough. C.-jerk. See /azy-jerk, and Reflexes, 7able of C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. China (kin/-ah, or Åe/-nah) [Sp.]. Same as Cinchona, China (chi/-nah) [Pers., Chini, China]. A country of Asia. C.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.- clay. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-grass, Ramie; a soft, silky vegetable substance used as a sur- gical dressing; the fiber of Baehmeria nivea, C.- root, the rhizome of Smilax china, a plant of Eastern Asia; it is used as a substitute for true Sarsaparilla. Unof. C.-root, False, the plant Smilar pseudo- chizza of N. America. Unof. C.-white. Same as White Lead. Chinese (chi-nes’, or -neg) [Pers., Chini, China]. Per- taining or belonging to China. C. Catarrh. Synonym of Influenza. C. Foot, a deformed and undeveloped foot due to atrophy from compression. It is a popular fashion among Chinese ladies. C. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of C. Red. Same as Per. milion. C. Twist, a name given to a variety of silk-thread used in surgery. C. Wax, Insect Wax ; a b%Yvvval, CHINOIDIN substance deposited by an insect, Coccus cerifera, upon the Chinese ash-tree. It is a white, very crystalline, and brittle wax, resembling spermaceti in appearance, with a specific gravity of .973 at 15° C. ; it fuses at 82° to 83° C. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and ether, very soluble in benzene. It is used in candle- making. C. White. Same as Zinc-white. C. Yellow. Same as King's Yellow and Ocher. Chinoidin, or Chinoidinum (kin-oi/-din, or kin-oi-din'- um) [Sp., China]. Quinoidin. A mixture of amorphous alkaloids obtained in the manufacture of quinin. It has the therapeutic properties of quinin. Chinolin (£in/-o-/in). See Chinolina and Quinolin. Chinolina (Ain-o-li/-mah) [c/lina, quinin], CoH, N. Chinolin, Leukolin. An alkaloidal derivative of quinin and cinchonin, occurring also in coal-tar. It is now generally prepared by heating anilin or nitro-benzol with glycerin and a dehydrating agent. It is a valu- able antiseptic and antipyretic, and is useful in pneu- monia and typhus and other fevers. It is commonly used in the form of the tartrate because of the deli- quescence of the other salts. Dose muliij to x ; of the tartrate gr. v-xv. Unof. Chinovin (Āin/-o-vin) [china, quinin], Cao HssOs. A glucosid obtained from Cinchona. Chinwhelk. Synonym of Zºnea sycosis. Chiococca (Ai-o-Koź/-ah) [xtów, snow ; kókkoç, a berry]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. See Cahimca. Chionanthin (Ai-o-man/-thin) [xtów, snow; iv6oç, a flower]. A precipitate from the tincture of the root- bark of Chiozzanthus zirginiana, it is an aperient, diuretic, tonic, and narcotic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Chionanthus (Åi-o-man/-thus) [xtów, snow; &v6oc, a flower]. A genus of oleaceous trees and shrubs. C. virginiana, fringe-tree or poison-ash. The root is used as a vulnerary. See also Fringe-tree. Unof. Chionyphe (Ai-on/-if-e) [xtów, snow; iffſ, a texture]. A genus of fungi. C. carteri, a parasitic fungus, apparently the cause of the disease known as Fungus Foot, or Madura Foot, q.v. Chip Blower (chip blo’-er). A warm-air blow-pipe. Chiragra (Āi-ra/-grah) [xeip, the hand; &ypa, a seiz- ure]. Gout in the hand. Chirarthritis (Ai-rar-thri'-tis) [xeip, hand; &pſpov, a joint; trag, inflammation]. Rheumatism or arthritis of the hand. Chirata (AEe-ra/-tah, or che-ra/-tah) [Hind., chiraeta a species of gentian]. Chiretta. The entire plant, Sºverſia chirata. It resembles gentian in its thera. peutic properties. and is an excellent tonic. It does not contain any tannin. Dose of the powdered plant gr. xv-xxx. C., Fld. Ext., in glycerin and alcohol. Dose muxv-xxx. C., Infusum (B. P.). wineglassful. C., Tinct., ten per cent. in strength. Dose 3 ss—ij. Chiratin (Air-at'-in) [Hind., chiraeta, a species of gentian], Cog HisOls. A light-yellow, crystalline, bitter glucosid, obtained from Chirata. Chiretta (Air-et/-ah). See Chirata. Chirettin (Air-et/-in) [Hind., chirãetà, a species of gen- tian]. A precipitate obtained from the tincture of chirata. Chirismus (Ai-ris/-mus) [xetptoplág, a handling]. I. Manipulation ; a kind of massage. 2. Spasm of the hand. Chiromancy (Ai’-ro-man-se). See Palmistry. Chiropelvimeter (Ai-ro-pe/-wim/-et-er) [xeip, the hand; pe/vis, the pelvis; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for use in the manual measurement of the pelvis. Chiropodist (Ai-rop/-o-dist) [xeip, hand; Toíg, Todóg, foot]. A surgeon or person who professionally treats 288 Dose a CHLORAL diseases of the hands and feet, especially corns, bun- ions, etc. Chiro-Pompholyx (Āi-ro-pom/-fo-liks) [xeip, hand; trópºožvč, blister]. Dysidrosis; pompholyx; an ill- defined, inflammatory skin-disease confined to the hands and feet, and characterized by the development of peculiar vesicles or blebs, arranged in groups. They are deeply seated and distributed chiefly on the soles and palms and sides of the fingers. Itching, burning, pain, and stiffness are present. The disease is common in neurotic women in the prime of life; it is almost invariably recurrent, and is rare in winter. Chirurgeon (ki-rer/jon) [xelpowpyóg, a surgeon]. A Surgeon. Chirurgia (Ai-rer/je-ah) [xeip, hand; Špyov, work]. Surgery. - Chirurgical (Ai-rer/jić-al) [xelpowpyta, surgery]. Per- taining to Surgery. Chirurgien Dentiste (Äi-rer/je-en den-tist’) [Fr.]. Surgeon-dentist. Chisel Cramp (chiz'-el-Áramp). See Cramp. Chitin (Ai/-tän) [xtrów, a tunic], CisłłogN,Ojo. The substance composing the chief part of the exoskeleton of many invertebrates, as crabs, lobsters, etc. It is the animal analogue of the cellulose of plants. When heated with concentrated HCl it is decomposed into glycosamin and acetic acid. Glycosamin (C8His NO3), crystallizes from alcohol in fine needles, is dextro-rotatory, and re- duces Fehling's fluid to the same extent as does dex- trose, but is not fermentable. C. Substance, a gela- tinous substance found in hydatid cysts. Chittim Bark (chit/-in baré). See Cascara Sagrada. Chlamydate (Alam/-id-āţ) [2%apuíg, a mantle]. In biology, provided with a pallium or mantle. Chlamydeous (Alam-id'-e-us) [x?aptic, a mantle]. In biology, pertaining to the floral envelops. Chlamydospore (Álam/-id-o-spor) [2%apiùg, mantle; otropá, seed]. In biology, applied to a spore having its own protective envelop. Chloasma (4/o-a2/-mah) [220&ſelv, to be pale-green]. Melanoderma; melasma; a condition characterized by dyschromiae of the skin of various sizes and shapes, and of a yellow, brown, and black color. They occur chiefly upon the face, and are idiopathic or symptomatic in character. An old name for Zºnea wersicolor. C. hepaticum, Liver-spots; a form following dyspepsia and popularly associated with hepatic disturbance. C. phthisicorum, the brown patches upon the skin of the forehead or upper portions of the cheeks in tuberculous patients. C. uterinum, chiefly located on the fore- head, temples, cheeks, nipples, and median line of abdomen. They are marked during pregnancy, and often during menstruation. Chloracetic Acid (Álo-ras-e'-tić). See Acid. Chloral (AE/o/-ral) [chlorin, aldehyd], C,Cls HO. . A pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is often misapplied to chloral hydrate. C. Butylicum, Butyl- Chloral Hydrate (B.P.), croton-chloral, C, H,Cl,0,- H,O, a solid occurring in crystalline scales, resembling chloral hydrate, but made with butyl, C, Ho, as a base, instead of ethyl, C., H3. Its properties are parallel to those of chloral, but are much feebler. Dose gr. v-xx in syrup. Syrupus Butyl-Chloral, I6 grains to the ounce. Dose gj—iv. Unof. C. Hydrate, a colorless, crystalline solid having the composition C, HCl,(HO), the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic, anti- spasmodic, and depressant to the cerebral, medullary, and spinal centers, and, to a limited extent, is an anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers accompanied by cerebral excitement, in chorea, convulsions, and all affections requiring a cerebral depressant, and is excellent in delirium tremens, but should be used with CHLORALAMID great caution. Dose gr. v-xx; smaller if combined with potassium or sodium bromid. C., Syrupus (B.P.). Dose 3 ss—ij. C.-urethane. See Uralium. Chloralamid (Álo-ral-am/-īd)[chloral; amid J, CC1,CH- <º CHO" A name inaptly applied to chloral for- mamidate. In doses of 30 to 45 grains it is a hypnotic. Chloralid (Ålo/-ral-id) [chloral], C, H,ClgOs. A sub- stance obtained when trichlorlactic acid is heated to I5o°, with an excess of chloral ; it crystallizes from alcohol and ether in large prisms, is insoluble in water, and melts at from II.4° to II5°; it boils at from 272° to 273°. Chloralimid (Álo-ra/-im-id) [chloral; imid], CCls.- CH.NH. A hypnotic allied to chloral, soluble in alcohol. Dose same as that of chloral hydrate. Unof. Chloralism (Alo/-ral-izm) [chloral]. I. Chloral- poisoning ; the morbid state caused by the injudicious use of chloral. 2. The habit of using chloral. Chloralize (Álo'-ra/-īz) [chloral]. To put under the in- fluence of chloral. - Chloralose (**. [chloral, glucose]. Anhydro- glycochloral; a product of the action of anhydrous chloral upon glucose. Chloramyl (Alo'-ram-i/). See Anesthetic. Chloranemia (Alo-ran-e'-me-ah). Synonym of Chlo- 7 OS2S. Chloranil (Alo'-ran-il) [chlorin], CsCl,O,. A com- pound obtained from many benzene compounds (anilin, phenol, isatin) by the action of chlorin or potassium chlorate and HCl. It consists of bright, golden leaflets, insoluble in water, but soluble in hot alcohol and ether. Chlor-anodyne (Álor-an/-o-dim) [chlorin, āv priv.; böövm, pain]. A proprietary remedy introduced as an improvement on chlorodyne. It contains morphin hydrochlorate, tinct. cannab. Ind., chloroform, dilute hydrocyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an adult muzv. Unof. Chloranthus (Ä/o-ram/-thus) [2%póc, yellowish-green; ãv60¢, a flower]. A genus of chloranthaceous plants of hot climates. C. officinalis, of Java, is a valuable febrifuge and anti-spasmodic. Unof. Chlorate (Älo/-rat) [chlorin]... Any salt of chloric acid. See Potassi: chloras, Sodi, chloras, etc. Chloremia (Ālo-re/-me-ah)[3%póc, green; alpia, blood]. A blood-disorder, either idiopathic or associated with other ailments, consisting in a diminution of the per- centage of the hemoglobin and a decrease in the number of red blood-corpuscles. Chlorethyl (4/o-reth/-i/). See Ethyl chlorid. Chloric (Alo/-rié) [chlorin]. Pertaining to or contain- ing chlorin. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Ether. I. See Ethyl chlorid. 2. See Spiritus Chloroformi. Chlorid (4/o/-rid) [chlorin]. In chemistry, a binary compound, one of the elements of which is chlorin. C. of Iron Test. See Tests, Table of C. of Methyl. See Anesthetic. Chlorids, Test for. See Tests, Table of - Chlorin, or Chlorine (Älo’-rin) [2% opóc, green]. Cl = 35.5; quantivalence I. A non-metallic element. At ordinary temperatures it is a greenish-yellow gas, prepared by decomposing sodium chlorid, NaCl. It is highly irritative to the skin and mucous membranes, producing spasmodic closure of the glottis. It is the most valuable of disinfectants. Chlori, Aqua, C., Liquor (B.P.), chlorin water, contains 4 per cent. of the gas in solution. It is a good antiseptic wash. Dose, internally, mux–xxx. Calx Chlorinata, ‘‘chlorid of lime,” a hypochlorite of calcium contain- ing free chlorin; a valuable disinfectant. Dose, in- ternally, gr. iij-vj. Calx Chlorat, Liq. (P. B.), con- 289 CHLOROMA tains I pound of the salt per gallon of water. Sodiun, Chlorat., Liq., Zabarraque’s Solution, sodium carbon- ate Io, calx chlorinata 8, water ad IOO. Dose mux– 3 j in 20 parts of water. Chlorin Vapor (B. P.), used for inhalation. C.-Hunger, the condition of the body when chlorin (usually in the form of common salt) is lacking. Among the immediate results of this deficiency are indigestion and albuminuria. Chloroanemia (Alo-ro-an-e'-me-ah). Synonym of Chlorosis. Chlorobrom (Alo’-ro-bram) [chlorin; bromin]. A solution each ounce of which contains 30 grains of chloralamid and potassium bromid. It is a hypnotic. Chlorocruorin (Alo-ro-Aru/-or-in) [2%apóg, green ; cruor, blood]. A green respiratory pigment from the greenish blood of the Sabella. Chlorodyne (Alo'-ro-din) [2%opóg, green; 66üvm, pain]. A proprietary remedy supposed to contain chloroform, ether, morphin, cannabis Indica, hydrocyanic acid, and capsicum. The various imitations differ widely. It is a good anodyne and narcotic. Dose mu x-xxx, 797//, care. Unof. Chloroform (Alo/-ro-form) [chloroformum, chloroform : gen., Chloroformi]. Methyl Terchlorid, CHCls. A heavy, colorless, volatile liquid obtained by the action of chlorinated lime on methyl alcohol. (The commer- cial article, C. venaſe, contains 2 per cent. of impurities and is unfit for administration.) Administered inter- nally, chloroform produces narcosis and violent gastro- enteritis. Chloroform has an agreeable odor and a sweetish taste. It solidifies in the cold, melts at 71°C., boils at 61° C., and its specific gravity is I. 526. It is excellent in true cholera and in similar diseases of the stomach and bowels. Externally, it is much employed as an ingredient of rubefacient and anodyne liniments. Mixed with a large per cent. of air and inhaled, the vapor is one of the most valuable of general anesthetics. but occasionally (I : 3OOO) causing death by cardiac paralysis. See Anesthetic. Deep injections in the vicinity of the sciatic nerve are recommended in sciatica. C., Alcoholized, a mixture of chloroform and alcohol. C., Ammoniated, equal parts of am- monia in alcohol and chloroform ; antipyretic and anodyne. Unof. C., Aqua. Dose 3 SS-ij. C., Lini- ment, contains chloroform 30, soap-liniment 70. C., Liniment., Comp., contains chloroform 3.j, oil of turpentine 3.j, tincture of opium 3 iv, tincture of aco- nite gij. Unof. C., Emulsum, chloroform 4, ex- pressed oil of almond 6, tragacanth I.5, water q. S. Dose gj-3 ij. C., Spt., pure chloroform 6, alcohol 94 parts. Dose mux–3 j. Tinct. chloroformi et mor- phinae (B.P.), a substitute for chlorodyne. Each dose of ten minims contains chloroform mul 4, ether mu%, alcohol mul}{, morphin hydrochlorate gr. 4's, dilute hydrocyanic acid muș, oil of peppermint mush, fluid extract of licorice m_1}{, , treacle and syrup q. s. Tinct. C. Comp. (B.P.), chloroform 2, alcohol 8, comp. tinct. of cardamon Io. Dose m xx-5.J. Chloroformism chloroform]. for its narcotic effect. this use of the drug. Chlorolymphoma (Żlo-ro-limſ-o'-mah) [170p6, green ; ſympha, water; 5ua, a tumor]. Another name for chloroma; it is thought by some to be a variety of lymphoma, from its containing lymphocytes. Chloroma (&lo-ro'-mah) [x?opóc, yellowish-green; bug, a tumor; pl., Chloromata]. “Green cancer.’’; a rare variety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint, usually seated upon the periosteum of the bones of the head, or upon the dura. (Ä/o/-ro-for-mizm) [chloroformum, I. The use of chloroform to excess 2. The symptoms produced by 19 CHLORONITROBENZENE Chloronitrobenzene (A/o-ro-mi-tro-ben/-zem) [xãopóg, green; nitrum, niter; benzoin J. One of the ingre- dients of A'obusite, g. v. Chlorophane (Ä/o/-ro-ſan) [2%00óg, green; pauveoffat, to appear]. A yellowish-green chromophane. See Chromophames. Chlorophyl (AE/o/-roºft/) [47.opóg, green; pºov, leafl. A coloring-matter occurring in the chlorophyl-granules in all the green parts of plants. Wax and other sub- stances are associated with it. Its constitution is not yet known. It is the substance by whose agency car- bohydrates are formed in green plants. Chlorophyllan (AE/o-roºft/-an) [YZopóg, green; pāhov, leaf). A substance obtained from fresh grass by ex- tracting the latter with boiling absolute alcohol. It appears as crystals that melt at I IO* C. to a black liquid, which on further heating burns with a luminous flame. It is easily soluble in ether, benzol, and chloroform. Chloroplastid (Álo-ro-plas/-tid) [X/opóg, green; tāao- tóg, to form or mold]. In biology, a chlorophyl- granule. Applied by Lankester to chlorophyl-bearing cells as seen in Aydra viridis. Probably these are secretory cells or digestive glands comparable to the liver-cells of Amphioxus. Chlorosarcoma (Alo-ro-sar-ko'-mah). See Chloroma. Chlorosis (4/o-ro'-sis) [2%apóg, green]. The “green sickness,” a disease of young women, associated with anemia and menstrual abnormality, usually suppression. It is the most common form of idiopathic anemia. It is favored by a sedentary life and poor hygiene. The blood shows a marked deficiency in hemoglobin, with some decrease in the number of red corpuscles, together with an increase in its watery elements. The patients do not seem to suffer from any interference with the general nutrition; in fact, there is often a ten- dency to the accumulation of fat in the tissues. There is present well-marked neurasthenia, with, at times, hysterical manifestations. There can always be heard a systolic bruit at the base of the heart and in the neck, anemic in nature. The bowels are constipated, and there may be some fever. C. pituitosis. Syno- nym of Ænteritis, Pseudo-membramous. C. rubra, cases of chlorosis of moderate grade, with a reddish tint of the cheeks, especially on exertion. Chlorotic (Alo rot/-ié) [2%opótmg, paleness]. to chlorosis. A person affected by chlorosis. Chlorozone (Älo-ro/-zón) [2%póç, green; 6%lv, to smell]. A yellow liquid assumed to be a mixture of chlorin and ozone; it is formed by passing nascent chlorin through caustic Soda; its composition is not known. It is a strong bleaching-agent and disinfec- tant. Chlorphenol (AE/or ſe/-mo/) [ºopóg, green; poivus, pur- ple-red], CaFIAC1, OH. Mono-chlor-phenol, a sub- stance possessed of marked antiseptic and antituber- culotic properties. It is strongly recommended for inhalation in diseases of the respiratory passages. Chlorum (Alo/-rum)[2%póg, green : gen., Chlori J. The official pharmaceutic name of chlorin. See Chlorin. Choana (Ao’-an-a/) [xodum, a funnel: pl., Choanae]. A funnel-like opening. A name applied to the posterior nasal orifices. Choanocyte (Äo/-an-o-sit) [xoãvm, a funnel; KüToç, a cell]. In biology, a collar-cell. Choanosome (Ao’-an-o-sām) [xoãvm, a funnel; otöpia, body]. In biology, that portion of the cavity of a sponge that is lined with collar-cells. Chocolate (chok/-o-/āt) [Mex., choco, cacao; lat/, water]. I. A dried paste prepared from the powder of cacao-seeds (see Cacao) with various mucilaginous and amylaceous ingredients. 2. A beverage prepared from the foregoing. 3. A sugared comfit, variously Relating 290 CHOLECYSTORRAPHY compounded and flavored, containing some proportion of the foregoing paste; sometimes medicated, as with cinchona, Scammony, or magnesia. C., African. See Zba. Choke (chö4) [ME., choken, to choke]. To suffocate; to prevent the access of air to the lungs by compres- sing or obstructing the trachea. C.-cherry, the fruit of Prunus (Cerasus) virginiana, not the P. vir- giniana of the pharmacopeia; common in the U. S. It is antispasmodic, tonic, and slightly astringent. Cerasin is a concentrated extract. Dose gr, ij-viij. Unof. C.-damp, a name given by miners to car- bonic acid gas. Called also Black-damp. Choked Disc (chöéd disk). See Papillitis. Choking (chö4/-ing) [ME., choken, to choke]. Partial or complete suffocation, whether by the lodgment of food, or any foreign body in the larynx, trachea, phar- ynx, or esophagus, or by the inhalation of any irres- pirable gas or vapor. C. Distemper, a name applied in Eastern Pennsylvania to cerebro-spinal meningitis in the horse. - Cholagogic (40/-ag-og/-i}) [20%, bile; &yoyág, carrying off]. I. Stimulating the flow of bile. 2. A cholagogue. Cholagogue (#0/-ag-og) [20%, bile; &yoyöc, leading]. Any medicine that promotes the flow of bile; an agent that is supposed to stimulate the secretion or excretion of bile. Cholalic Acid (Áo-la/-ä). See Choloidinic Acid. Cholangitis (Áo-lan-ji/-täs) [2.0%, bile; &YYelov, a ves- sell. Inflammation of a bile-duct. It is attended with ague-like paroxysms, chills, fever, and Sweating, and jaundice of varying intensity. * Cholate (Äo/-ät) [xoWſ, bile]... Any salt of cholic acid. Choleate (Äo/-e-āt) [30%, bile]. Any salt of choleic acid. - Cholecyanin (Åol-e-siſ-an-in). See Bilicyanin. Cholecyst (AoA'-e-sist) [xoàff, bile; Küotic, a bladder]. The gall-bladder. - Cholecystectasia (Kol-e-sis-tek-ta/-se-ah) [xožň, bile; küotic, a cyst; Šktaalg, a distention]. Distention or dilatation of the gall-bladder. Cholecystectomy (Áol-e-sis-tek/ º [x0%, bile; Icío Tug, bladder; Šktopuſ, a cutting off]. Excision of the gall-bladder. Cholecystendysis (Äol-e-sis-tem/-dis-is) [20%, bile; kiorag, a bladder; Švövolç, an entering]. Cholecys- totomy, 7. v. - Cholecystenterostomy(£ol-e-sis-ten-ter-osſ-to-me)|[x0%, bile; Küotag, a bladder; Švrepov, intestine; otóga, a mouth]. Incision of the gall-bladder and intestine, with suture of the intestinal wound to that of the gall-bladder, so as to relieve the effects of obstruction of the gall-duct by opening a new passage into the intestine. Cholecystic (AEol-e-sis/-tié) [20%, bile; küotic, a blad- der]. Relating to the gall-bladder. Cholecystitis (£ol-e-sis-fi/-/is) [xoàff, bile; Küortc, bladder; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. Cholecystocolostomy (Kol-e-sis-to-ko-losſ-to-me) [20%, bile; Küotag, a bladder; kóżov, the colon; topuſ, a cutting]. The surgical establishment of a passage between the gall-bladder and the colon. Cholecystolithotripsy (AEol-e-sis-to-lith/-o-trip-se) [20%, bile ; Icío Tug, a bladder; Affog, a stone; Tpigetv, to crush]. The crushing of gall-stones in the gall-bladder. Cholecystoncus (kol-e-sis-tong’-kus) [20%, bile; Küotic, bladder; 6ykoç, a tumor]. A swelling or tumor of the gall-bladder. Cholecystorrhaphy (AEol-e-sist-or/-a-ſe) [20%, bile ; küotic, bladder; baph, a seam]. Suture of the gall- bladder. - - CHOLECYSTOSTOMY Cholecystostomy (Áol-e-sis-tosſ-to-me) [20%, bile; küotic, a bladder; otóga, mouth]. The surgical establishment of an opening into the gall-bladder. Cholecystotomy (Aol-e-sis-tot/-o-me) [20%, bile; Küorig, bladder; Tāuvelv, to cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder to remove gall-stones, etc. Choledoch (Ao!’-e-dok)[x0%, bile ; 6éxeoffat, to receive]. I. Conducting bile. 2. A bile-duct. 3. The common bile-duct. Choledochitis (Äol-ed-o-Ai/-tis) [20%, bile; 6éxeoffat, to receive ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choledoch duct. Choledocho-duodenostomy (Áol-ed-o-ko-du-od-en-osſ- to-me) [2.0%, bile; 6éxeoffat, to receive; duodecim, twelve; otóua, mouth]. The surgical establishment of a passage between the common bile-duct and the duodenum. Choledocho-enterostomy (Kol-ed-o-ko-en-ter-osſ-to-me) [2:0%, bile; 6&coffat, to receive ; £vrepov, bowel; otóga, mouth]. The surgical establishment of a pass- age between the cavity of the choledoch duct and the small intestine. Choledocholithotripsy (Áol-ed-o-ko-lith/-o-trip-se)[xožň, bile; déxeoffat, to receive ; Affog, a stone; Tp(9ety, to rub). The crushing of a gall-stone in the ductus choledochus. Choledochostomy (kol-ed-o-Aosſ-to-me) [xožň, bile; ôéxeoffat, to receive ; otóua, mouth]. The formation of a fistula in the gall-duct through the abdominal wall. Choledochotomy (AEol-ed-o-kot/-o-me) [20%, bile; déxeoffat, to receive ; touff, section]. Opening of the common bile-duct by incision. Choledochus (Åol-ed'-o-kus) [20%, bile; 6áxeoffat, to receive]. Receiving or holding bile. Communis, the common excretory duct of the liver and gall-bladder. Choledology (AoA-ed-o/-o-je) [20%, bile; AéYetv, to speak]. The sum of knowledge concerning the bile. Choleic (AEo/-e/-ä) [20%, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. Cholein (Åo/-e-in) [x0%, bile]. A mixture of several principles of the bile; a fatty principle found in bile. Cholelith (AoA'-e-lith) [xožň, bile; Wiſłoc, a stone]. A biliary calculus or gall-stone. Cholelithiasis (Aol-e-lith-i/-as-is) [xožň, bile; Aiboc, a stone]. The presence of, or a condition associated with, calculi in the gall-bladder or in a gall-duct. Cholemesis (Äol-em/-es-is) [xožň, bile; &ueouſ, vomit- ing]. The vomiting of bile. Cholemia (Ao-le/-me-ah) [x0%, bile; alua, blood]. The presence of bile in the blood. Cholemic (£o-le/-mié) [xožň, bile; aipia, blood]. Re- lating to cholemia; marked or caused by cholemia. Cholepyrrhin (kol-e-pir/-in) [20%, bile; Typhéc, orange- colored]... The brown coloring-matter of bil; Also called Bilepyrrhin. .* Cholera (ko/-er-ah) [xoàépa ; from 20%, bile]. A name given to a number of acute diseases charac- terized mainly by large discharges of fluid material from the bowels. A synonym of C. asiatica. C. asiatica, an acute, specific, highly malignant dis- ease, existing in India and the tropics of Asia during the entire year, and occasionally spreading as an epidemic over large areas. It is character- ized by excessive vomiting, alvine discharges resemb- ling flocculent rice-water, severe cramps, collapse, and frequently death. The rate of mortality varies from Io to 66 per cent., the average being over 50 per cent. The cause or specific virus is very generally believed to be the so-called “comma Aacillus ” of Koch, which is contained in the rice- water discharges. Cultures of this germ have in some 291 C., Ductus ` CHOLESTEATOMA instances produced the disease and in others have failed. The virus, whatever it may be, commonly gains entrance into the system by means of the drink- ing-water; hence in cases of threatened epidemic, and during the prevalence of an epidemic the purity of the water-supply should be carefully investigated. C., Bilious, a form of the disease attended with exces- sive discharge of bile. C., Chicken, a very fatal epi- demic disease of fowls, marked by tumefaction of the lymphatic glands, with inflammation and ulceration of the digestive organs. The symptoms peculiar to cholera are wanting. C., English. See C. mos- tras. C., European. See C., Simple. C. gravior. Synonym of C. asiatica. C.-hand, a livid, grayish- blue, corrugated state of the palms of the hand from immersion in water. It is present in death from drowning, and is also called “washerwoman's hand.” C., Hog, an infectious disease attacking swine and characterized by a patchy redness of the skin, with inflammation and ulceration of the bowels, enlargement of the abdominal glands, and congestion of the lungs. C. infantum, the “summer com- Alaint’’ of infants and young children; an acute dis- ease occurring in warm weather, and characterized by gastric pain, vomiting, purgation, fever, and prostra- tion. The cause of the disease is the prolonged action of heat, together with errors in diet and hygiene. It is most common among the poor and in hand-fed babes. The disease is of short duration, death fre: quently ensuing in three to five days. C. infec- tiosa. See Cholera asiatica. C. morbus, an acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, with enteric pain, purging, vomiting, spasmodic contractions of the muscles, etc. It is a disease of the heated term and is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its symptomatology. C. nostras, also called English Cholera and Cholerine. Same as C. morbus. C. sicca, a term applied to those cases of Asiatic cholera in which rice-water liquid is found in the intestines after death, though none had been voided during life. C., Simple, the diarrhea with Cramps, purging, and collapse, common in the autumn or late summer. C., Summer. See C., Simpſe. C. Voice, the peculiar whispering voice of those in the cold stage of cholera. Choleraic (Kol-er-a/-ä4) [xožápa, cholera]. to or resembling cholera. C. Diarrhea. 7-hea. Choleraphobia (£ol-er-aſ-o'-be-ah) [xožápa, cholera; & priv.; $6,30g, fear.] Absence of fear during an epi- demic of cholera. Choleraphonia (Kol-er-aſ-o'-ne-ah) [xožépa, cholera; à priv.; ©ová, a voice]. Aphonia occurring during an attack of cholera. Choleriform (ko-ler/-iform) [10%épa, cholera ; forma, form]. Resembling or appearing like cholera. Cholerigenous (Aol-er-ij/-en-us) [xožápa, cholera; yévêqug, production]. Giving origin to cholera. Cholerine (£o/-er-in) [dim. of cholera]. A mild case of choleraic diarrhea. Also, the initiatory stage of malignant cholera. Also, the zymotic cause or virus of cholera. See Cholera mostras. Choleroid (ko/-er-oid) [xožápa, cholera; eiðoc, like]. Resembling cholera; choleriform. Cholerophobia (Āol-er-o-fo/-be-a/) [a.0%épa, cholera; $63og, fear]. Morbid dread of cholera. Cholerrhagia (Kol-er-a/-je-ah) [20%, bile; bºyvival, to burst forth]. Synonym of Cholera morbus. Cholesteatoma (Kol-es-fe-at-o'-mah) Ltožň, bile (chol, esterin); ored toua, a sebaceous tumor: pl., Choles/eat- omata]. A tumor containing cells inclosing plates of cholesterin, and occurring most frequently at the base Pertaining See /Xiar- CHOLESTEATOMATOUS 29 of the brain, but occasionally in subcutaneous tissue. It often incloses sebaceous glands, hair-follicles, and other dermal structures. * Cholesteatomatous (&ol-es-te-at-om/-at-us) [Yožň, bile; oteåtopia, a sebaceous tumor]. Of the nature of, per- taining to, or affected with, cholesteatoma. Cholesteremia (Kol-es-ter-e'-me-ah), or Cholesterin- emia (Aol-es-ſer-in-e'-me-a/) [yoAff, bile; otéap, stiff fat; alpa, blood]. The retention of cholesterin in the blood; also, the morbid state ascribed to such retention. Cholesterin (kol-es/-ter-in) [xožň, bile; otépéâg, Solid], C.s H, O, or Cash;0. A monatomic alcohol, a con- stituent of bile, and a normal ingredient of nervous tissue. Also the fatty substance forming the acid principle of biliary calculi. It is a glitter- ing, white, crystalline substance, Soapy to the touch, crystallizing in fine needles and rhom- bic plates. It is quite insoluble in water and in cold alcohol, but soluble in solutions of bile-salts; it is levo-rotatory. Choletelin (Åo/-et/-el-in) [10%, bile; tāog, comple- tion], Cid His N,0s. An amorphous, soluble, yellow pigment derived from bilirubin. It is the final pro- duct of the oxidation of bile-pigments. It is readily soluble in alkalies, alcohol, and chloroform. Choleuria (Kol-e-u/-re-a/.) [20%, bile; oipov, urine]. The presence of bile in the urine. Choleverdin (Aoſ-e-zerº-din) [20%, bile; green]. See Bilicyanin. Cholic (ko/-ić) [20%, bile]. C. Acid. See Acid. Cholin (AEo/-in) [20%, bile], C. His NO,. A substance found among the products of the decomposition of pig's bile and ox-bile, hence its name. It is also found in the extracts of the suprarenals, and is a pro- duct of the decomposition of lecithin. It is a colorless fluid, of oily consistence, possesses a strong alkaline reaction, and forms with acids very deliquescent salts. It is a very unstable body. It is soluble in alcohol or ether. It is distinct from, though closely related to, neurin. C. Group of Ptomaînes, four ptomaines— Cholin, Neurin, Betain, and Muscarin—have been thus classified. All these bases may be considered as oxida- tion-products of trimethyl-ethyl-ammonium hydrate. Cholochrome (%o/-o-Arām)[20%, bile; Aſpåga, color]. Any bile-pigment. Cholocyst (40/-o-sist). See Cholecyst. Cholohematin (Æol-o-hem/-aſ-in) [20%, bile; a pia, blood]. A pigment found in the bile of the ox and sheep. It is probably a derivative of hematin. Choloidinic Acid (Kol-of-din/-i}). See Acid, Chololith (AoA'-o-///). See Cho/elit/. Chololithiasis (Áo/-o-lith-i/-as-is). See Chole/ithiasis. Chololithic (ko/-o-/i///-īk) [20%, bile; Žitoc, a stone]. Pertaining to a cholelith. - Cholophein (Ao/-o-ſe/-in). See Biſphein. Cholopoiesis (Áo/-o-poi-e'-sis) [20%ff, bile; Totmotſ, a making]. The formation of bile. Cholorrhagia (ko/-or-a/-je-ah) [xož%, bile; #7/vöval, to burst forth]. A sudden flow of bile. Cholorrhea (ko/-or-e'-ah) [xožň, bile; bota, a flow]. Any excessive discharge of bile. Cholosis (ko/-o/-sis) [xožň, bile]. Any disease caused by or associated with a perversion of the biliary secretion. Cholotic (Ao/-of/-74) [x0%, bile]. Due to or associated with a cholosis. CHOLESTERIN CRYSTALs. viridis, Pertaining to the bile. CHONDROGEN Choluria (kol-uſ-re-ah) [10%, bile; obpov, urine]. The presence of bile, bile-salts, or bile-pigments in the urine. Also, the greenish coloration of the urine. Chondodendron (&on-do-den/-dron). See Chondro- dendron. Chondral (kon/-dral) [2.6 vöpoc, cartilage]. Cartilagin- ous; relating to or composed of cartilage. Chondralgia (Aon-dra/je-ah) [Yövőpoc, cartilage; āāyog, pain]. Pain in or about a cartilage. Chondrectomy (AEon-drek’-to-ºne) [26wjpoc, cartilage; éktopuſ, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a cartil- age, or of a part of one. - Chondren (kon/-dren) [xávöpoç, cartilage]. Belonging to a cartilage in itself. Chondrification (Aon-driftik-a'-shun) [16vópoc, cartil- age; facere, to make]. The process of being con- verted into cartilage ; the state of being chondrified. Chondrify (kon/-drifti) [xévôpoc, cartilage; fieri, to become]. To convert into cartilage; to become car- tilaginous. Chondrigen (kon/-drij-en) [2%uðpoç, cartilage; Yevveiv, to produce]. That material of the hyaline cartilage which on boiling with water becomes chondrin. Chondrigenous (Åon-driff’-en-us) [xóvópoc, cartilage )evveiv, to produce]. Producing chondrin; relating to cartilage that has not hardened. Chondriglucose (AEon-dre-g/u/-Kös) [zóvöpog, cartilage; yāvkºg, sweet]. A material formed by boiling car- tilage with mineral acids. It has a sweet taste and the properties of glucose. Chondrin (Åon/-drin) [xóvópoc, cartilage]. A substance obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage by boil- ing. It resembles gelatin in general properties, but differs from it in not being precipitated by tannic acid. The substance yielding it is chondrigen, probably an anhydrid. See also Glue. Chondritis (kon-dri/-tis) [2.6 w8poc, cartilage; tric, in- flammation]. Inflammation of a cartilage. Chondroblast (Āom/-dro-blast) [xévôpoſ, cartilage; 6%aatóg, germ]. A cell of developing cartilage. Chondroclasis (£on-droż’-as-is) [2.6 vöpoc, cartilage; kžáoug, fracture]. The crushing of a cartilage. Chondroclast tº -dro-Alast) [xóvópoc, cartilage; kžáety, to break]. A cell supposed to be concerned in the absorption of cartilage. Chondrocostar (&on-dro-Aos/-tal) [2.6vópoc, cartilage; costa, a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their cartilages. Chondrodendron (AEon-dro-dem/-dron) [16vópog, car- tilage; 6évôpov, a tree]. A genus of S. American menispermaceous climbing-plants. C. glaberrimum and C. tomentosum are among the plants that furnish Pareira Örava. Chondrodynia (Kon-dro-din'-e-ah) [46 vôpoſ, cartilage, ôöövm, pain]. Pain in a cartilage. Chondrodystrophia (Aon-dro-dis-tro/-ſe-a/) [.æðvápot cartilage; 6vç, bad; Tpépetv, to nourish]. Feta rhachitis. Chondroepiphysis (Kon-dro-e-pi/7-is-is) [æðvápoc, carti- lage; £Tſºvatº, an outgrowth). A cartilage that is destined to become an epiphysis; an epiphysis that has been developed from cartilage. Chondrofibroma (&on-droſ.-bro/-ma/.) [æðvöpog, carti- lage; ſióra, a fiber; Śpia, a tumor; pl., Chondroſióro- mata]. Chondroma with fibromatous elements. Chondrofibromatous (Åon-drosſ-bro'-mat-us) [2.6%poc, cartilage; ſibra, a fiber; 6p1a, a tumor]. Of the na- ture of chondrofibroma. Chondrogen (kom/-dro-jen) [2.6vópoc, cartilage; yewveiv, to produce]. I. See Chondrigen. 2. A substance found in fetal and early life, forming a part of the tis- sue of imperfectly developed cartilage. - CHONDROGENESIS - 293 Chondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen/-es-is) [16vópoç, cartilage; yévêqug, formation]. The formation of cartilage. Chondrogenetic (ſºon-dro-jen-et/-i/) [2.61%poç, cartilage; yévèqug, formation]. Forming cartilage ; relating to chondrogenesis. Chondrogenous (Åon-dro/-en-us) [2.6 wopog, cartilage; yévêqug, production]. Of the nature of chondrogen; producing cartilage. Chondroglucose (kon-dro-glu/-kās) [.æðvápoc, cartilage; yāvküç, sweet]. One of the glucoses. See Carbohy- drate and Glucose. Chondrography (AEon-drog/-ra-ſe) [26wópoç, cartilage; ypápetv, to write]. An anatomic description of the cartilages. Chondroid (kon/-droid) [2.6vópoç, cartilage; elóoç, form]. Resembling cartilage. Chondrology (AEon-dro/-o-je) [2%udpoç, cartilage; A6/0c, science]. The science of cartilages. Chondroma (kom-dro/-mah) [xóvópog, cartilage; 6pla, tumor]. A cartilaginous tumor. See Enchondroma. Chondromalacia (kom-dro-mal-a’-se-ah) [46vópoc, car- tilage; Hawakfa, softening]. Softening of a cartilage. C. auris. Same as Hamatoma auris. Chondromalacosis (kon-dro-mal-ak-o'-sis). See Chon- dromalacia. - Chondromatous (Åon-dröm/-at-us) [16,600g, cartilage; Öpia, a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of cartilage. Chondro-myxoma (Kon-dro-miás-o’-mah) [16vópoc, car- tilage; puffa, mucus; &ga, a tumor; fl., Chondro- myxomata]. A chondroma with myxomatous ele- ments. * Chondrosarcoma (Kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) [16vópoc, car- tilage; odpkopia, sarcoma; pl., Chondrosarcomatal. A cartilaginous and sarcomatous tumor. Chondrosarcomatous (Åon-dro-sar-kóm/-aſ-us) [xów- Öpog, cartilage; Gápkopia, sarcoma]. Relating to chon- drosarcoma. Chondrosis (Äon-dro/-sis) [2.6 vópoc, cartilage]. mation of cartilage. Chondrosteous (Aon-dros’-(e-us) [16vópoc, cartilage; boréov, bone]. In biology, having a cartilaginous skeleton. - Chondrotome (kon/-dro-ton) [2.696pog, cartilage; Touác, cutting]. An instrument for cutting cartilage. Chondrotomy (kom-drotº-o-me) [.æðvøpoc, cartilage; Téuvely, to cut]. The dissection or surgical division of a cartilage, or the anatomic analysis of a cartilage. Chondrus (kon/-drus) [16vôpoſ, a grain; cartilage]. I. Irish Moss. The substance of the algae C. crispus and Gigartina mamuillosa. These yield, on boiling with water, a soluble colloid consisting mainly of mucilage. This is demulcent and somewhat nutrient, and is sometimes used in making blanc mange. Dose indefi- nite. Unof. See Carragheen. 2. A cartilage; the ensiſorm cartilage. Chopart's Amputation. See Operations, Table of C. Operations. See Operations, Table of Chopping (cho/-ing). See Percussion. Chorda (Aor/-dah)[L., a cord: pl., Chordac). A cord, ten- don, or filament of nerve. C. caudalis, the urochord. C. dorsalis. See AVotochord. C. spinalis, the spinal cord. C. tendineae, the tendinous strings connecting the columnae carneae of the heart with the auriculo-ventricular valves. C. tympani, a filament of the Vidian nerve that enters the tympanum. C. umbilicalis, the umbilical cord. C. vertebralis, the notochord; the spinal cord. C. vocalis, one of the vocal bands or thyro-arytenoid ligaments. Chordal (&or/-dal) [chorda, a cord]. Relating to a chorda, especially to the notochord. Chordapsus (Åor-dap'-sus) [xopóñ, an intestine; āttetv, to tie up]. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. For- CHOREIC Chordee (AEor-de/) [xopóñ, a cord]. A symptom of gonorrhea consisting of painful erection and down- ward curvature of the penis. Chorditis (Áor-di/-/is) [xopóñ, a cord; trag, inflamma. tion]. Inflammation of the vocal bands. C. tuber- osa, a localized thickening on the vocal bands, often bilateral, and situated at the junction of the posterior two-thirds with the anterior third. Chordotonal (Æor-do-to/-na/) [xopóź, chord; Tóvoc, tone]. In biology, applied to sense-organs or parts of arthropods that are responsive to sound- vibrations. Chorea (Ao-re/-ah) [xopeia, dancing]. St. Vitus's dance. A functional nervous disorder, usually occur- ring in youth, characterized by spasmodic and con- vulsive contraction and non-rhythmic action of the muscles of the extremities, face, etc. The action of the heart is irregular, and in a large number of cases a systolic murmur is present. Rheumatism is a fre- quent complication. Chorea may be caused by a number of conditions, among which are fright and reflex irritations, but it is essentially a disease of the later period of childhood, and affects girls about three times as frequently as boys. Occasionally it is seen in the adult, and may become a serious complication of pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus and mother. When it occurs late in life it generally resists treatment. C., Automatic, an affection in which paroxysms of apparently purposive actions occur independently of the will, as the result of an impulse that arises spontaneously or that occurs in response to a stimulus received from without. C., Buttonmaker’s, a form of chorea in girls employed in button-mills, the result of application at their trade. The fingers move involuntarily when not at work, following the same motions as when guiding the procession of buttons. It is due to an erethism of the centers in the brain for the hands and fingers. C., Chronic. See C., Huntingdom's. C., Electric. See Dubini’s Disease. C., Epidemic, dancing mania. See Choromania. C. festinans. See Paralysis agi- tans. C. germanorum, a term for the major form of chorea. C.-habit. See Spasm. C., Hereditary. See C., Huntingdom’s. C., Hysterical. See C., Major. C., Huntingdon's, an affection frequently hereditary, of adult or middle life, characterized by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, and gradual de- mentia. It was first described by Huntingdon, a physician of Long Island, U. S. C. insaniens, maniacal chorea; a grave form of chorea usually seen in adult women, and associated with maniacal symp- toms. This may develop from the ordinary form, and usually ends fatally. It may develop during preg- nancy. C., Maniacal. See C. insaniens. C., Major, the hysterical chorea of the French, in which there are regular oscillatory movements of the parts. C., Mimetic, that which is caused by imitation. C., Minor, simple chorea. C. oscillatoria is marked by more or less regular oscillations of the head, trunk, or limbs. C., Post-hemiplegic. See A/hetosis. C., Post-paralytic, a form of involuntary movement seen in patients after an attack of hemiplegia. C., Rhyth- mic. See C., Major. C., Rotatory, a hysterical form associated with rhythmic movements of the body or head. C., School-made, chorea resulting from overstimulation of children at school by parents and teachers. C. scriptorum. See Cramp, JPritcrs'. C., Senile. See Paralysis agitans. C. spastica. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. C., Syden- ham’s, ordinary chorea. Choreic (£o-re/-ić) [xopefa, dancing]. the nature of, or affected with, chorea. Relating to, of CHOREIFORM Choreiform (ko-re/-iform) [ropeia, dancing; forma, form]. Resembling chorea. - Choremania (Ao-re-ma/-ne-ah) [xopeia, dancing; plavia, madness]. Synonym of Choromania. Choreoid (Áo-re/-oid) [xopeia, dancing; elóoç, like]. Pertaining or similar to chorea. Choreomania (Ao-re-o-ma/-ne-ah). See Choromania. Chorial (Ao’-re-al) [26ptov, skin]. Chorionic. Chorioblastosis (ko-re-o-blas-to/-sis) [róptov, skin; 6%aotávelv, to germinate]. Any anomaly of growth of the corium and subcutaneous connective tissue. Chorio-capillaris (40-re-o-kaft-iſ-a/-ris) [.æðptov, skin ; capillus, a hair]. The network of capillaries over the inner portion of the choroid coat of the eye. See A’zeysch, Membrane of Choriocele (4.0/-re-o-sel, or Áo-re-o-se/-/e) [26ptov, a skin; kååm, hernia]. A hernial protrusion of the choroid coat of the eye. Chorioid (Áo/-re-oid). See Choroid. Chorioidal (Ao-re-oid/-al). See Choroid. Chorioideremia (Ao-re-oid-er-e'-me-a/). deremia. Chorioidiritis (Äo-re-oid-i-ri'-tis). See Choroido-iritis. Chorioiditis (£o-re-oid-i/-tis). See Choroiditis. See Chozoz- Chorioido-retinitis (£o-re-oid/-o-ret-in-i/-tis). See Choroïdo-refinitis. Chorion (Ao’-re-on) [xóptov, fetal membrane]. The outermost of the fetal membranes, formed from the external layer of the non-germinal epiblast. The chorion lies between the amnion and the deciduae (reflexa and vera). C., Cystic Degeneration of, a rare myxomatous disease of the chorion, producing the so-called “ hydatid mole.” It is characterized by rapid increase in the size of the uterus, hemorrhage, often profuse, beginning during the second month of pregnancy, and the discharge of small cysts, whitish in appearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These cysts vary in size from a pin's-head to a filbert. C. leve, the smooth or non-villous portion of the chorion. C., Primitive, the Vitelline membrane (or Zona Żellucida) during the time of the development of the hollow, structureless villi upon its surface. C., Shaggy, or C. frondosum, the part covered by villi. Chorionic (AEo-re-on/-i}) [xóptov, the chorion]. Relat- ing to the chorion. Chorionitis (Äo-re-on-i/-täs). See Scleroderma. Choripetalous (Åor-ip-et/-al-us) [xopic, asunder ; pí%20v, leaf J. In biology, applied to a corolla whose petals are distinct. Chorisis (Äo-ri’-sis) [xóptotg, a separation]. In biology, the development of two or more members when but one is expected ; a doubling. Choroid (ko’-roid) [xóptov, the chorion; elóog, like- ness]. The second or vascular tunic of the eye, con- tinuous with the iris in front and lying between the sclerotic and the retina. C. Plexus, a vascular plexus in the lateral ventricles of the brain. C. Sulcus (of Schwalbe). See Schwalbe, A'issure of C. Vein. See Veſzz. Choroidal (Æo-roid’’-al). Pertaining to the choroid. Choroideremia (Ao-roid-er-e'-me-ah) [xóptov, the cho- rion; eiðoç, like; £pmuía, desolation]. Absence of the choroid; absence of the epithelium of the choroid. Choroiditis (ko-roid-i/-täs) [xóptov, the chorion; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye. It may be anterior, the foci of exudation being at the periphery of the choroid; or central, the exudate being in the region of the macula lutea ; diffuse or disseminated, characterized by numerous round or irregular spots scattered over the fundus; exudative or non-suppurative, when there are isolated 294 CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIS foci of inflammation scattered over the choroid; metastatic, when due to embolism ; and suppurative, when proceeding to suppuration. C. serosa. Syno- nym of Glaucoma. Choroido-iritis (Áo-roid”-o-i-ri’-ſis)[xóptov, the chorion; eiðoç, like; ipug, the rainbow; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choroid and the iris. Choroido-retinitis (Áo-roid'-o-ret-in-i/-tis) [kóptov, the chorion; eiðoç, like ; retina, the retina; trug, inflam- mation]. Choroiditis with retinitis. C.-r., Ametro- pic, caused by ametropia. Choromania (&o-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [xopóg, a dance; plavia, madness]. A nervous disorder manifest at various times and places, and characterized by dancing or other rhythmic movements; epidemic chorea; dan- Cing mania. Chrchtschonovitsch's Method. A method of stain- ing tissues. See Stains, Table of Christian Science (Aris/-chan si/-ems). An alleged system of therapy; faith-cure, or one form of it. Christison’s Formula. A formula for estimating the amount of solids in the urine: Multiply the last two figures of the specific gravity expressed in four figures by 2.33 (or by 2, Trapp, or by 2.2, Zabisch). This gives the amount of Solids in every IOOO parts. Chromate (Äro/-māt) [xpóſia, color]. Any salt of chromic acid. Chromatic (Aro-mat/-ić) [xpóſia, color]. Relating to or possessing color. C. Audition, luminous sensations aroused by sound. See Photism. C. Gustation. See Gustation. . Chromatin (Aro/-mat-in) [xpóua, color]. The chro- matophilous, or tingible portion of the protoplasm, forming a delicate reticular network or plexus of fibrils permeating the achromatin of a typical cell in process of division. It is called also Karyomiton. See Cell-body. Chromation (Aro-ma/-shum) [xpôua, color]. The pro- cess of tingeing or staining. Chromatism (Aro/-mat-izm) [xpoplattop.6c, coloring]. I. Abnormal coloration of any tissue. 2. Chromatic aberration. - Chromatoblast (Aro-mat/-o-blast) [xpôua, color; 6%aoróg, a germ]. Same as Chromatophore. Chrom at odys opia (Aro-mat-o-disco/-pe-ah)[xpóua, color; 6vo, ill; biplc, vision]. Color-blindness. Chromatogenous (Åro-mat-off’-en-us) [xpóſia, color; yevváelv, to beget]. Producing color. - Chromatology (Aro-mat-o/-0-ſe) [xpóua, color; 26 yog, science]. The science of colors. Also the spectro- scopic investigation of colors. Chromatopathia (%ro-mat-o-path/-e-ah) [xpôua, color; Táffog, disease]. Any pigmentary skin-disease; a chromatosis. Chromatopathy (ćro-mat-op/-a-the). See Chromato- pathia. Chromatophile (Äro-mat/-o-fi/). Same as Chromo- philous. : Chromatophobia (Aro-mat-o-fo/-be-ah) [xpóſia, color; (p680c, dread]. Abnormal fear of colors. Chromatophore (Aro'-mat o-for) [xpóſia, color; £6poc, bearing]. In biology, (I) one of the contractile pig- ment-sacs, abundant in the skin of many animals, e.g., squid, chameleon; (2) one of the pigmented marginal sense-organs of an Actinozoan; “bourse calicinale,” (3) a plastid containing chlorophyl, or other coloring- matter; color-granule, chromoplast, chromoleucite. Chromatophorous (Åro-mat-off’-or-us) [xpôua, color; tºº, to bear]. Containing pigment or pigment- cells. - Chromatopseudopsis (Aro-mat-o-su-dop/-sis) [xpóſia, color; bevö%g, false ; 6 bug, sight]. Color-blindness. CHROMATOPSIA Chromatopsia (AEro-mat-op/-se-ah) [xpóſia, color; 6thic, vision]. Abnormal sensation of color. It may be due to disorders of the optic centers, or to drugs, especially santonin. Chromatopsy (Aro/-mat-of-se). See Chromatopsia. Chromatoptometry (Aro-mat-op-dom/-et-re) [2(pópla, color; 6ttetv, to see; uérpov, a measure]. The test- ing of the sensibility of the eye with respect to color- perception. Chromatoscope (Aro-mat/-o-skog) [xpóſia, color; okoſtelv, to observe]. An instrument for determining the refractive index of colored light. Chromatoscopy (Aro-mat-osſ-ko-ſe) [xpôua, color; okoteiv, to observe]. The determination of the color of objects. Chromatosis (Aro-mat-o/-sis) [xpópia, color]. Pigmen- tation ; a pathologic process, or pigmentary disease consisting in a deposit of coloring-matter in a locality where it is usually not present, or in excessive quan- tity in regions where pigment normally exists. Chromatosome (Aro-mat/-o-sām) [xpóga, color; oºga, body]. In biology, the “nuclear rods” of the nucleus. Chromaturia (Āro-ma/-ze/-re-ah) [xpôpia, color; oipov, urine]. Abnormal coloration of the urine. Chrome (Aram) [xpópta, color]. Chromium, q.v. C.- alum. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-black. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-carmin. Same as Chrome-red. C. chlorid. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-garnet. Same as Chrome-red. C.-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-orange. Same as Chrome- red. C.-red, a pigment; basic lead chromate. See Aigments, Conspectus of C.-vermilion. Same as Chrome-red, C.-yellow, lead chromate, a pigment. See Chromium, and Pigments, Conspectus of - Chromesthesia (Āröm-es-the-ze-ah) [xpóſia, color; aioffmotº, perception by the senses]. The association of colors with words, letters, and sounds. Chromhidrosis (Årøm-hid-ro/-sis). Same as Chromid- rosis. Chromic (krám/-ić) [xpóſia, color]. Pertaining to or made from chromium. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Acid Test. See Tests, Table of Chromicize (Äro/-mis-iz). To impregnate with chromic acid. Chromidrosis (Årøm-id-ro/-sis) [xpôua, color; iópág, sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat in which it is variously colored, being bluish, blackish, reddish, green- ish, or yellowish. Black sweat (Seborrhaea migricans) occurs usually in hysterical girls, the part affected being the face. It is associated with chronic constipation and is due to the presence of indican in the sweat. Aed sweat, hematidrosis, may be due to an exudation of blood into the sweat-glands, or to the presence of a microörganism in the sweat. See Micrococcus hama- todes, Babes, under Bacteria, Table of Chromium (kro/-me-um) [xpôua color]. quantivalence II and IV. One of the elements of the iron group. The various salts of chromium, especially chromic acid, Cr,0s, are much used in the manufacture of pigments and in dyeing textile fabrics. All are poisonous. Potassium dichromate (bichromate of potash), K2Cr,C), is used in various pharmaceutic and chemic operations. C.-green. Same as Chrome- green. Chromocrinia (Āro-mo-Arin/-e-ah) [xpôpia, color; Kptvetv, to separate]. The secretion of coloring- matter, as in the Sweat, etc. Chromocytometer (Aro-mo-si-tom/-et-er) [xpôua, color; KöTog, cell; uétpov, a measure]. An instru- ment for estimating the proportion of hemoglobin present in the blood. Chromocytometry Cr = 52.2; (Åro-mo-si-'om/-et-re) [xpóua, 295 CHRONIZOOSPORE color; kūtog, cell; pièrpov, a measure; váaoc, disease]. The estimation of hemoglobin by means of the chromocytometer. Chromodermatosis (Aro-mo-der-mat-o/-sis) [xpóſia, color; 6&pua, skin]. A skin-disease characterized by discoloration of the surface. - Chromogen (Aro/ & [xpóſia, color; Yévéotc, pro- duction]. Any principle of the animal or vegetable economy which (though it is itself not of any pro- nounced color) is susceptible, under suitable circum- stances, of being changed into a coloring-matter. Chromogenic (Aro-mo-yen/-ić) [xpóſia, color; yévéatc, production]. I. Relating to chromogen. 2. Color- producing. Chromoleucite (Äro-mo-ſu/-siſ) [xpåpa, color; Ževkóg, white]. Same as Chromoplastia. Chromopare (%ro/-mo-pâ7) [xpóua, color]. In biology, applied by Beyerinck to those chromogenic bacteria that excrete the pigment, remaining colorless them- selves. Cf. Chromophore and Para-chromophor. Chromophan (Āro/-mo-ſan) [xpóſia, color; gaively, to appear]. In biology, the pigment of the inner seg- ments of the retinal cones of certain animals. There are at least three varieties, chlorophan, rhodophan, xanthophan. (Ruhnes). Chromophile (Aro’-moºft/). Same as Chromophilous. Chromophilous (Åro-moff’-i/-us) [xpåpa, color; jižoc, loving]. Readily stained; easily absorbing color; applied to tissues prepared for microscopic study. Chromophore (Aro/-mo-far) [xpôua, color; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, applied by Beyerinck to those chromogenic bacteria that possess pigment as an integral part of their organism. Cf. Chromopare and Para-chromophor. Chromophytosis (Aro-moji-to/-sis) [xpóſia, color; ºvtów, a plant]. I. Any microscopic plant-growth that produces a discoloration of the skin in which it grows; any pigmentary skin-disease caused by microscopic vegetation. 2. A synonym of Tinea versicolor, or Aïchstedt's Disease. See Zºnea versicolor, and Diseases, Table of Chromoplastid, or Chromoplastidule (Äro-mo-plas/- tid, or Åro-mo-plas/-täd-zil) [xpóſia, color; Tāāooelv, to form]. In biology, a pigment-granule imbedded in the protoplasm of a plant or animal. It is also called chromoleucite. Chromopsia (Āröm-op/-se-ah). See Chromatopsia. Chromoptometer (Aro-mop-tom/-et-er) [xpôua, color; puéTpov, a measure]. A contrivance for determining the extent of development of color-vision. Chromosome (kro'-mo-sām) . [xpåpa, color; gºua, body]. Any one of the nuclear chromatin-fibrils of a cell. According to some observers there is only one such fibril in closely intertwined folds. Others say that the chromosomes are many, and of two varieties, the fine and the coarse. Chromostroboscope (Äro-mo-stro’-60-sköß) [xpóua, color; orpó80g, a twisting; okoſſeiv, to inspect]. A device for showing the persistence of visual impres- sions of color. Chromule (Aro’-māl) [xpóſia, color; £7m, matter]. In biology, coloring-matter in plants, especially when not green, or when liquid. Chronic (Aron/-ić) [xpóvoc, time]. Long-continued; of long duration; slow of progress; opposed to acute, and to subacute. Chronicity (Aro-mis/-īt-e) [xpóvoç, time]. of being chronic or long-continued. Chronizoöspore (Äro-mic-o’-o-spor) [kpóvtoç, late; Cºov, an animal; atopá, seed]. One of the microzoögoni- dia or minute zoöspores or resting-spores, produced by the water-net, Hydrodictyon. The state CHRONOGRAPH 296 Chronograph (4rón/-o-graf) [xpóvog, time; Ypápetv, to write]. An instrument for graphically recording inter- vals of time, in physiologic and psycho-physical experiments. Chronoscope (Aro/-no-sköp) [xpóvog, time; orotréiv, to inspect]. An instrument for measuring extremely short intervals of time. C., A-form, an apparatus introduced by Galton for measuring the time of certain psycho-physical reactions. It is so called from its outline, which somewhat resembles that of the letter A. Chronosteal (Aro-nos/-te-al) [xpóvog, time; boréov, bone]. Relating to the chronosteon. Chronosteon (Åro-nos/-te-on) [xpóvog, time (temporal); botéov, bone]. The temporal bone. Chronothermal (Aron-o-ther/-mal)[xpóvog, time; 0épua, heat]. Pertaining to the theory that all diseases are characterized by periods of intermitting chill and heat; relating to periodicity in changes of bodily tempera- ture. Chroöpsia (Aro-op/-se-ah) [xpóa, color; 5 pig, sight]. See Chroma/opsia. Chrotal Epithelium (Aro'-tal ep-e-the-le-um). ectoderm. Chrotic (Aro/-tić) [xpóg, the skin]. skin. Chrotoplast (Āróð/-o-plast) [xpóg, skin; Tââooſelv, to form]. A skin-cell; a dermal or epithelial cell. Chrymar's Operation. See Operations, Table of Chrysalis (Aris/-a/-äs) [xpvoog, gold]. The pupa or secondary stage in the transformation of insects. So called from the golden color of certain chrysa- lides. Chrysamin (AEris'-am-in) [xpvočg, gold; amin), CogPIle- N.O. Nag. Flavophenin ; a coal-tar color of the oxy- azo group, used in dyeing. It dyes on cotton a sulphur- yellow, remarkably fast to light. See Pigments, Con- spectus of Chrysanilin (Aris-an/-iſ-in) [xpvoºg, gold; anilin], C19H11NONH2)3. A body obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosanilin. It crystallizes from dilute alcohol in golden-yellow needles, melting at The Relating to the about 268°. It is used largely as a dye-stuff, yielding a very beautiful yellow color. See Z'gments, Con- spectus of Chrysanisic Acid (Aris-an-is/-ić). See Acid. Chrysarobin, or Chrysarobinum (Aris-ar-o/-bin, or Aris-ar-o-0i/-num) [xpvoºg, gold; aroba (nat. East Ind.), bark of a leguminous tree], CºoH26O1. A reduc- tion-product of chrysophanic acid ; it occurs in goa- powder and araroba-powder. It is a yellow-colored powder, the product of the decay of Andira araroba, a Brazilian tree. It is a gastro-intestinal irritant, and is almost a specific when applied locally in psoriasis. It stains the skin a dark yellowish-brown color, which may be removed by a weak solution of chlorinated lime. Dose, internally, gr. #–%. C., Ung., contains Io per cent. of the drug with 90 per cent. benzoated lard. Chrysaurin (Aris-aw/-rin) [xpvoºg, gold ; aurum, gold]. See Orange Colors. Chrysene (Aris/-en) [xpvočg, gold], CisBI19. A hy- drocarbon derived from coal-tar. It is generally colored yellow, but can be rendered perfectly colorless. It is sparingly soluble in alcohol or ether; melts at 250° C. (482°F.); boils at 436°; crystallizes and sub- limes in silvery leaflets, that exhibit an intense violet fluorescence. Chrysenic Acid (Aris-en/-i}). See Acid. Chrysin (Aris/-īn) [xpvačg, gold], Cisłł16O4. A color- ing-matter found in the buds of the European Black Poplar. CHYLIFICATORY Chrysoidin (Aris-oi/-din) [xpvoºg, gold; elóog, like]. I. C12H3N4C1. A coal-tar color used in dyeing. It is the hydrochlorid of diamidoazobenzene. It consists of dark-violet crystals soluble in water. It dyes bright- yellow on silk and cotton. See Pigments, Conspectus of 2. C, H22O1. A yellow coloring-substance found in asparagus berries. Chrysoin (Aris/-o-in). See Orange Colors. Chrysolin (Aris/-o-lin) [xpvoog, gold; oleum, oil], CooH10O3(OC, H,)OH. A coal-tar color of the phtha- lein group, used in dyeing. It is the sodium salt of benzyl-fluorescein. It produces a yellow color, similar to that of turmeric, on silk, cotton and wool. See Aºgments, Conspectus of Chrysophan (Āris/-o-ſan) [xpvoºg gold ; patvetv, to show], CigHisOs. A yellow, crystalline body found in rhubarb. It has a distinctly bitter taste, is readily soluble in warm water and diluted alcohol, but insolu- ble in ether. It is also called Chrysophanin. Chrysophanic Acid (Áris-o-ſan/-ić). See Acid. Chrysophanin (%ris-o-fan/-in). See Crysophan, and Aigments, Conspectus of Chrysophyl (Aris/-o-ſil) [xpvoºg, gold; Ø0%0v, a leafl. Xanthophyl; a bright golden-yellow crystalline pig- ment derived from leaves. . Chrysorrhamnin (Aris-or-am/-min) [Apvoºg, gold; báp- vog, a prickly shrub). The yellow pigment found in French berries. See Aigments, Conspectus of Chthonophagia, or Chthonophagy (thon-o-fa/-je-ah, or thon-off’-a-je) [2.66w, earth; payeiv, to eat]. Dirt- eating ; geophagy. Churning Sound (churn/-ing sound). A peculiar splashing-sound like that made by a churn, heard in the chest in some cases of pleural effusion. Churrus (chur/-us) [Hind., charas]. Hemp-resin. See Cannabis. Chvostek’s Sign. toms, Table of Chylaceous (Ai-la/-se-us) [chylus, chyle]. of chyle. Chylangioma (Ai-lam-je-o/-mah)[chylus, chyle; dyyelov, a vessel]. Retention of chyle in lymphatic vessels with dilatation of the latter. Chylaqueous (Ail-a/-Awe-us) [xv%g, chyle; aqua, water]. Like water and chyle. C. Fluid, the diges- ted food or nutritive fluid in the somatic or perigastric cavity of invertebrates; it is never enclosed in dis- tinct vessels and represents the blood of higher animals. Chyle (Ail) [xvAóg, juice]. The milk-white fluid ab- sorbed by the lacteals during digestion. On standing, it separates into a thin, jelly-like clot and a substance identical with serum. C.-corpuscle, any floating cell of the chyle. These cells resemble, and are probably identical with, the colorless blood-corpuscles. C.- gland, Cheshire's name for system II, of the “sali- vary glands” of bees. Chylidrosis (ki/-īd-ro/-sis) [2(w?6ſ, chyle; idpoolç, a sweating]. Milkiness of the sweat. Chylifaction (Ai-le-, or Ail-if-a/-shun) [chylus, chyle; facere, to make]. The forming of chyle from food. Chylifactive (Ai-le-, or Ail-iſ-a/-tiv) [chylus, chyle; facere, º Chyle-forming. Chyliferous (Ai-liſ’-er-us) [chylus, chyle; ferre, to carry]. I. Chyle-forming. 2. Containing chyle. Chylific (Ai-lift-ić) [chylus, chyle; facere, to make]. Making chyle; pertaining to chylifaction. Chylification (Ai-le-, or Ail-iſ-ić-a/-shum) [xv%óg, chyle; facere, to make]. The process by which the chyle is formed, separated and absorbed by the villi of the small intestine. - - Chylificatory (Ai-lif"-ik-at-o-re) [chylus, chyle; ſacere, to make]. Chyle-making. . See Tetany; also Signs and Symp- Composed CHYLIFY Chylify (Ai’-lifti) [chylus, chyle: facere, to make]. I. To make into chyle. 2. To be made into chyle. Chylocele (Ai/-lo-sel) [xv%g, chyle; kážm, a tumor]. An effusion of chyle into the tunica vaginalis testis. C., Parasitic. See Filaria sanguinis hominis. Chylocyst (ki/-lo-sist) [xv%g, juice; küortg, bladder]. The chyle-bladder; the reservoir of Pecquet. Chylocystic (Ai-lo-sis/-tić) [xv%óg, juice; kío Tug, blad- der]. Relating to the chylocyst. Chyloderma (ki-lo-der/-mah) [xv%óg, lymph; 6épſta, skin]. Scrotal elephantiasis, with accumulation of lymph in the thickened skin and in the enlarged lymphatic vessels; lymph-scrotum. Chylodochium (Æil-o-do’-Ai-um) [xv%óg, chyle; dozelov, receptacle]. The receptaculum chyli. Chylogaster (Ai-lo-gas/-ter) [xv%óg, chyle; yaothp, the stomach]. The duodenum, so-called because of its being the chief seat of chylous digestion. Chylogastric (Ai-lo-gas/-trié) [xv%óg, chyle; yao Tàp, stomach]. Pertaining to the chylogaster. Chylopericardium (Ai-lo-per-ik-ar/-de-um) [xv%óg, chyle; trept, around; Kapótá, the heart]. A rare con- dition, in which chyle is present in the pericardium, as a consequence of the formation of a channel of com- munication between a chyle-duct and the cavity of the heart-sac. - Chylopoiesis (Ai-lo-poi-e'-sis) [xvAotoimotg; chyle; troteiv, to make]. Chylification. Chylopoietic (Ai-lo-poi-et/-ić) [xv%óg, chyle; Toueiv, to make]. Chylifaction ; making or forming chyle. Chyloptyalism (Ai-lop-ti’-a/-īzm) [Yv%óg, chyle; Trva- Wiſelv, to spit]. Milkiness of the saliva. Chylorrhea (Ai-lor-e'-ah) [xv%óc, chyle; héety, to flow]. The excessive flow of chyle. Also, a diarrhea characterized by a milky color of the feces. Chylosis (Ai-lo’-sis) [xtºwalc, a converting into juice]. Chylification. Chylothorax (£i-ſo-tho'-raks) [.ævå6ç, chyle; 6%paš, the chest]. The presence of chyle within the pleural cavity. It is consequent upon wounds or rupture o the thoracic duct, and is usually fatal. *.* Chylous (Åiſ lus) [xv%óg, chyle]. Relating to or re- sembling chyle. Chyluria (Ai-lu'-re-ah) [xvååg, juice; oipov, urine]. The passage of milky-colored urine. It is thought to be caused by a disordered condition of the lacteals and is also connected with the presence in the blood of Aſilaria sanguini’s hominis. The urine passed is generally above the normal in quantity, has the color of milk, and becomes jelly-like on standing, after- ward again becoming liquid. It readily undergoes decomposition. The condition arises from a blocking of the lymph-channels by the parasites. See Bacillus of Chyluria under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of: also Filaria sanguéinis hominis, Lewis, under Parasites (Animal), Table of Chyme (Aim) [xvuč, juice]. Food that has under- , gone gastric digestion and has not yet been acted upon by the biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal secre- tions. Chymiferous (kim-if”-er-us) [chymus, chyme; ferre, to bear]. Capable of producing chyme. Chymification (Kim-iſ-ik-a rhum) [chymus, chyme; facere, to make]. The change of food into chyme by the digestive process. Chymophorous (Åim-off’-or-us) [.ævuóg, chyme; pépetv, to carry]. Chymiferous. Chymoplania (kim-o-pla/-ne-ah) [xvuóg, juice; Tāāvm, a roving]. The morbid or abnormal metastasis of chyme or any secretion. Chymorrhea (kim-or-e'-ah) [.ævuóg, chyme; beiv, to flow]. A discharge of chyme. 2 v26g, 297 CILIARY Chymosepsis (kim-o-se/-sis) [xvuóg, chyme; off pig, putrefaction]. Putrefactive fermentation of the chyme. Chyron (Ai’-rom) [ciron, cyron]. The name given by ancient writers to the itch-mite, Sarcoptes scabei. Ciharious (sib-a/-re-us) [cióum, food]. Serving as food; nutritious ; edible. Cicatricial (sić-at-rish/-a/) [cicatrix, a scar]. Pertain- ing to or of the nature of a cicatrix. C. Deformities, abnormal contractions caused by cicatrices. C. Tis- sue, a form of dense connective tissue, seen in cicatrices. Cicatricula (sik-at-riž/-u-lah) [L., dim. of cicatrix, a scar]. The germinating point of the fecundated egg. Cicatrisant (sik/-at-ri-sant). See Cicatrizant. Cicatrisive (sik/-at-ri-siv) [cicatrix, a scar]. Tending to form a cicatrix. Cicatrix (sik-a/-triks) [L.; fl., Cicatrices]. A scar; a connective-tissue new-formation replacing loss of substance in the skin. It extends as far as the corium. It may be depressed below or elevated above the surface; its color is usually whitish and glistening when old, red or purple when young. Cicatrizant (sić/-at-ri-zant)[cicatrix, a scar]. I. Tend- ing to cicatrize or heal. 2. A medicine that aids the formation of a cicatrix. Cicatrization (sik-at-riz-a/-shum) [cicatrix, a scar]. The process of healing. Cicer (si/-ser) [L.]. A genus of leguminous plants. See Chick-pea. Cicuta (sik-u/-tah) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous plants. C. virosa. See Cowbane. Cicutin (sik-u/-tän) [cicuta, hemlock]. I. An alkaloid obtained from Cicuta virosa. 2. The same as Comein. Cicutoxin (sić-u-toks/-īn) [cicuta, hemlock; Toºlków, poison]. The poisonous active principle of Cicuta zirosa. It is a viscid, non-crystallizable liquid of un- pleasant taste and acid reaction. Cider (si’-der) [ME., cidre]. The expressed juice of apples or pears. C. Brandy. See Apple-Arandy. C. Vinegar. See Vinegar. Cigaret (sig-ar-et/). See Cigarette. Cigarette (sig-ar-et') [Fr., dim. of cigare, a cigar]. A roll of inflammable material medicated and adapted for Smoking. Nasal catarrhs and spasmodic attacks of dyspnea are among the disorders sometimes treated by cigarette-Smoking. C.-makers’ Cramp. See Cramp. Cigarmakers' Cramp. See Cramp. Ciguë (se-gu-e) [Fr.]. Cicuta. Cilia (siſ/-e-ah) [cilium, the eyelid or lash]. The eye- lashes. Also, the locomotor and prehensile organs of certain infusoria, and the hair-like appendages of certain epithelial cells, whose function it is to propel fluid or particles along the passages that they line. Ciliariscope (sil-e-ar/-is-Köſ) [cilium, eyelid; groſſeiv, to look at]. An instrument (essentially a prism) for examining the ciliary region of the eye. Ciliary (siſ/-e-a-re) [cilium, an eyelash]. Pertaining to the eyelid or eyelash, and also by extension to the C. Apparatus, or the structure related to the mechanism of accommodation. C. Arteries—anterior, posterior Jong, and posterior short, branches of the ophthalmic artery, supplying the recti muscles, the ciliary appara- tus, and the posterior structures of the eye, with the exception of the retina. See Arteries, Table of C. Body, the ciliary muscle and processes. C. Canal, the canal of Fontana. See Canal. C. Ganglion, the ganglion at the apex of the orbit, supplying the ciliary muscle and iris. See Gang/ia, Table of C. Muscle, the muscle of accommodation, whose contraction les- sens the tension upon the suspensory ligament of the CILIATE 298 lens. See Muscles, also, AEye. C. Nerves, branches of the ophthalmic ganglion supplying the anterior structures of the eyeball and the accommodative apparatus. See AVerves, Table of C. Neuralgia, meuralgic pain of the eye, brow, temple, etc. . C. Processes, circularly arranged choroidal foldings continuous with the iris in front. C. Region, the pericorneal or “danger” zone, corresponding to the position of the ciliary body. C. Zone, the ciliary processes collectively. Ciliate, or Ciliated (siſ/-e-ät, or -a-fed) [cilium, an eye- lash]. Having cilia. Ciliation #: -shun) [cilium, an eyelash]. dition of having cilia. Cilio-spinal (siſ-e-o-spi/-nal) [cilium, an eyelash ; spina, the spine]. Relating to the ciliary zone and the spine. C. Center. See Center. Cilium (siſ/-e-um). [L.]. See Cilia and Eyelash. Cillo (siſ/-o), or Cillosis (sil-o/-sis) [cilium, an eyelash]. A continued trembling of the eyelid. Cillotic (sil-of/-ä) [cilium, an eyelash]. or affected with cillo. Cimbia (sim/-be-ah) [L.]. The white band seen upon the ventral aspect of the crus cerebri, the tractus pedun- culi transversus of Gudden. Cimbial (sim/-be-al) [cimbia, a cincture]. the cimbia. Cimex (si/-me/s) [L., a bug). A genus of hemipterous insects. C. lectularius, the common bed-bug. A disgusting insect that infests beds, furniture, and the walls of bed-rooms, and that feeds on the human body, puncturing the skin and injecting an irritating fluid to increase the flow of blood. It is characterized by the repulsive odor of its secretion. Cimicifuga (sim-is-e-ſu/-ga/) [cimer, a bug; ſugare, to drive away]. Black Snake Root, Black Cohosh. The root of C. racemosa, ord. Ranunculaceae. A stomachic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, and diuretic. Its action on the heart is similar to that of digitalis. It is efficient as a tonic in many cardiac diseases, in functional impotence, and ovarian neural- gia. C., Ext. fid. (alcoholic). Dose muv-xxx. C., Ext. liquid., (B. P.). Dose miij–xxx. C., Tinct., 20 per cent. in strength. Dose myxv–3.j. Macrotin (unof.), a resinous extract. Dose gr. 3%—ij. Cimicifugin (sim-is-e-fu/~gin) [cimex, a bug; ſugare, to drive away]. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Cºmiciſzaga racemosa; it is an antispasmodic, diaphoretic, nervin, emmenagogue, parturient, and narcotic. Dose I to 2 grains. As an oxytocic, 2 to 3 grains, to be repeated in from 40-60 minutes, if neces- sary. Unof. Cimolia (sim-o'-le-ah), Cimolite (sim/-o-lit) [Kipložía, earth]. Cimolian earth ; a white, soapy clay formerly brought from the Greek island of Cimolus. The ancients prized it as a remedy; now little used, ex- cept in the Levant. Cina (si'-ma/.) [L.]. See Santonica. Cinchamidin (sin-Aam’-id-in) [cinchona, amidim], Cooking N.O. An alkaloid frequently present in commercial cinchonidin. Cinchocerotin (sin-ko-ser-o/-tän)[cinchona ; cera, wax], C, HisO2. A white crystalline alkaloid of calisaya bark. Cinchona (sin-Ao’-mah) [from the Countess of Cinchon]. Peruvian Bark. The bark of several varieties of cin- chona, a tree native to the eastern slopes of the Andes and cultivated in India, the most valuable being C. calisaya. Other varieties are C. succirubra, red bark, C. condaminea, pale bark, C. pitayemis, pitaya bark, and C. micrantha. Cinchona bark contains 2I alka- loids, of which 4, quinin, cinchonin, quinidin and cin- The con- Pertaining to Relating to The plant Artemisia santonica. CINEREA chonidin, are the most important. Cinchona has the same physiologic action and therapeutic uses as its chief alkaloid, quinin. See Quinin. It is also an astringent, bitter and stomachic tonic, stimulating appetite and promoting digestion, beneficial in atonic dyspepsia and adynamia, but especially useful in malarial affections. C., decoctum (B. P.). Dose 3.j—ij. C. Febrifuge. See Quinetum. C., Ext. Dose gr. j-v. C., Fld. Ext. Dose mux–3.j. C., Ext. liquidum (B. P.), Dose muv-x. C., infusum, bark 6, arom. sulphuric acid I, water 93 parts. Dose 3.j-3.j. C., In- fus, Acidum º P.). Dose 3.j-ij. C. rubra, red cin- chona, the bark of C. succirubra. C., Tinct., 20 per cent, of the bark. Dose 3 SS—ij. C., Tinct., Comp., red bark IO, bitter-orange peel 8, serpentaria 2, alcohol 80 parts. Dose 3.j-3 ss. Huxham's Tinct. of Bark, red bark 3 iv, orange peel 3 iij, serpentaria gr. lxxx, Spanish saffron gr. clx, cochineal gr. lxxx, brandy 3 xl, digested four days, expressed and filtered. Dose 3 ss—ij. Cinchonamin (sin-Åo/-nam-in) [cinchona, amin], Cio- H.N.O. An alkaloid of cuprea bark. It occurs in glistening, colorless crystals that are nearly insoluble in water, and but slightly soluble in ether. - Cinchonicin (sin-Åon/-is-in) [cinchona), CooH, N,O. An artificial alkaloid derived from cinchonin. Cinchonidin, or Cinchonidina (sin-Aom/-id-in, or sin- Áon-id-i/-nah), CooH, N,C). An alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a crystalline substance resembling quinin in general properties. C. salicylate (unof.) has decided anti-malarial properties. C. sulph., (Co- H.N.O),H,SO4.3H,O, less bitter than quinin and valuable as an antipyretic. Dose gr. j-xx or more. Cinchonina, or Cinchonin (sin-Æo-nā’-mah, or sin/-Ao- zzine) [cinchona . gene., Cinchonzánde], CigHx, N.O. An official alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a color- less crystalline body, similar to quinin in therapeutic effects, but less active, producing much headache and some muscular weakness. C. sulph., (CoPI, N,C), H,SO,.2H2O. Soluble with difficulty in water, but soluble in acidulated water. Dose gr. v-xxx. Cinchoninic Acid (sin-ko-min/-i}). See Acid. Cinchonism (sin/-ko-mizm) [cinchonal. The systemic effect of cinchona or its alkaloids in full doses. The symptoms produced are a ringing in the ears with deafness, headache, often severe, giddiness, dimness of sight, and a weakening of the heart’s action. Cinchonize (sin/-ko-mi2) [cinchona). To bring under the influence of cinchona or its alkaloids. Cinchotin (sin/-kot-in) [cinchonal, Ciołł, N,C). An almost insoluble crystalline alkaloid derived from a species of cinchona bark. Cincinulus (sin-sin/-at-lus) [Kirclvvvāog, a curl]. In biology, small hooks attached to the stylamblys of Crusta CeanS. Cincture (singø/-tär) [cinctura, a girdle]. A belt or girdle. C.-feeling, a sensation as if the waist were encircled by a tight girdle. Cinene (si-mem/) [cina, wormseed]. See Dipentene. Cineol (sin/-e-öl) [cina, wormseed; oleum, oil], Cio- 16O. The principal constituent of wormseed, caje- put, and eucalyptus oils. It is a pleasant camphora- ceous liquid, inactive to polarized light, that boils between 176° and 177° C., and crystallizes at —I* C. ; its sp. gr. at 16° is O. 923. Cineraria (sin-er-a/-re-ah) [cinerarius, pertaining to ashes]. A genus of composite plants. C. maritima, the juice of this plant has been long used in Venezuela in the belief that, dropped in the eye, it would cause the absorption of cataract. Unof. Cinerea (sin-e'-re-a/) [cineretts, ashen]. The gray, cineritious, or cellular substance of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia. C., Lamina, a thin layer of gray CINEREUM substance extending backward above the optic com- missure from the termination of the corpus callosum to the tuber cinereum. Cinereum, Tuber. See Tuber Cinereum. Cineritious (sin-er-ish/-us) [cineres, ashes]. Ash-like C. Substance, the cortex of C. Tubercle, or pertaining to ashes. the brain, from the color of the same. the tuber cinereum. Cinesiology (sin-es-e-o/-o-je). See Aºnesiology. Cinesis (sin-e'-sis). See Aïnesis. Cinesitherapy (sin-es-e-ther/-a-pe). See Aºnesitherapy. Cinetica (sin-et/-ić-ah) [ktveiv, to move]. Medicines or diseases that affect the motor apparatus. Cingulum (sing/-gu-ſum) [cingere, to gird ; pl. , Cin- gula]. I. A girdle or zone; the waist. 2. Herpes zoster, or shingles, 7. v. Cinnabar (sin/-ab-ar) [klvváðapt, a pigment]. Mercuric sulphid, HgS. See Aydrargyrum and Vermilion. C.- green. Same as Chrome-green. Cinnamene (sin/-am-èn). See Styrol. . Per- Cinnamic (sin-am/-74) [kivváploudv, cinnamon]. taining to or derived from cinnamon. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Aldehyd. See Aldehyd. Cinnamomum, or Cinnamon (sin-am-o/-mum, or sin/-am-on)[ktvváploptov, cinnamon: gem., Cinnamomi J. The inner bark of the shoots of several species of Cinnamomum, native to Ceylon and China, the latter being known in commerce under the name of cassia. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is an agreeable carminative and aromatic stimulant, useful when combined with opium for flatulence, colic, enteralgia, etc. C., Aqua, 2 parts of oil in IOOO of water. Dose 3 j-ij. C., Ext. Fld. Arom., contains aromatic powder IO parts, alcohol 8 parts. Dose mux—xxx. C., Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose gtt. j—v. C., Pulv. Comp. (B. P.), cinnamon bark, cardamom-seeds, and ginger. gonicum, Saigon cinnamon. C., Spt., IO per cent. of the oil in spirit. Dose muv-xxx. C., Tinct., Io per cent. of the powdered bark in alcohol. Dose 3 ss— ij. C. zeylanicum, Ceylon cinnamon. Pulvis aromaticus, aromatic powder, cinnamon, ginger, àā 35, cardamom, nutmeg, aā I5. Dose gr. x-xxx. C.- brown. Same as Phenylene-brown. Cinnamyl (sin/-am-il) ſkivvápoptov, cinnamon], C, H.O. The radicle believed to exist in cinnamic acid. Cionectomy (si-on-ek/-to-me) [ktov, the uvula; ŠkTouff, a cutting out]. Ablation of the uvula. Cionitis (si-on-i/-tis) [kitov, the uvula; tric, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the tvula. Cionoptosis (si-on-op-to/-sis) [kitov, uvula; trógic, a drooping]. Prolapse of the uvula. Cionorrhaphia (si-on-or-a/-e-ah) [ktov, the uvula; bagſ, a suture]. See Staphylorrhaphy. Cionotome (si-on/-o-tom) [kitov, the uvula; Touáç, cut- ting]. An instrument for cutting off the uvula. Cionotomy (si-on-of/-o-me) [ktov, uvula; Touń, a sec- tion]. Incision of the uvula. Circinate (sir/-sin-āt) [circinatus, circular]. In biology, rolled inward from the top, like a crozier. C. Erup- tion. See Wandering Rash. Circinus (sir/-sin-us) [Kipkºvoc, circle]. ZOIlal, Circle (sir/-k/) [Kipkoç, a circle]. A ring; a line, every point of which is equi-distant from a point called the center. C. of Diffusion. See Diffusion. C. of Haller, I. The plexus of vessels formed by the short ciliary arteries upon the sclerotic, at the entrance of the optic nerve. 2. The circulus venosus mammae. See also Circzélus. C. of Willis, the remarkable arterial anasto- mosis at the base of the brain. The passage between the anterior cerebral arteries anteriorly, and the internal Dose gr. iij–x. C. sai- Herpes zoster; 299 CIRCULATION carotids and middle and posterior cerebral arteries poss teriorly, by communicating vessels. OF WILLIS. I. Middle cerebral artery. 2. Internal carotid artery. 3. Pos- tero-median perforating. 4. Posterior , cerebral artery. 5. Superior cerebellar artery. 6. Anterior inſerior cerebellar artery. 7. Anterior communicating artery. 8. Antero-lateral perforating. 9. Anterior choroid. Io. Posterior communi- cating. II. Posterior choroid. I2. Basilar artery. 13. Crus cerebelli cut. Circuit (ser/-Ait) [circuitus, a going round]. The course of an electric current. C.–breaker, an apparatus for interrupting the circuit of an electric current. Circulation (sir-Au-la-Zshun) [circulatio, a circular course]. The passage of the blood through various vessels; distinguished as capillary, fetal, portal, K pulmonary, etc. C., Cross, a laboratory ex- periment in which the vessels in one vascular area of an animal are separated from the rest of the circulation by ligation of anastomos- ing channels, and then supplied with blood from the circulation of a second animal. In this way, for example, the vascular area of the head may be isolated, and precluded from receiving chloroform inhaled by the lungs, but which is distributed to other parts of the body. By connecting the cerebral ends of the severed carotid arteries of one dog with the car- diac ends of the severed carotids of another dog, the cerebral and gen- eral circulatory systems of the first dog may pre- sumably be separated. G The first animal is called the fed, and the SCHEME of THE CIRCULATION. animal supplying the a. Right, b, left auricle. A. Right, As ~ B, left ventricle. I. Pulmonary blood the feeder, The artery. 2. Aorta. l. Area of pul- experiment is of little monary circulation. K. Upper value. C., Collateral, area of systemic circulation- that through branches ºn 9Werarº,9ſ ºstºniº.Si. and secondary channels culation. o. The superior vena cava. 14. Inferior vena cava. d, after stoppage of the principal route. C., d. Intestine. m. Mesenteric ar- F et a 1, that of the tery o. Portal vein. L. Liver. fetus, including the circulation through the placenta h. Hepatic vein. (Landois.) CIRCULUS and umbilical cord. C., First, or Primitive, that of the embryo, a closed system, carrying nutriment and oxygen to the embryo. C., Placental, the fetal circulation. C., Portal. See Portal System. C., Pulmonary, the circulation of blood through the § NY §§ \; § t ſ º: º ºf ºs. º THE FETAL CIRCULATION. C. Ductus arteriosus. e. Mesenteric arteries and vein. a. Umbilical vein. b. Ductus venosus. d. Hypogastric arteries. f. Portal vein. lungs by means of the pulmonary artery and veins, for the purpose of oxygenation and purification. C., Second, the fetal circulation, replacing the omphalo- mesenteric system. C., Systemic, the general circu- lation, as distinct from the pulmonary circulation. C., Third, that of the adult. C., Vitelline, first, or primitive circulation. Circulus (sir/-ku-/us) [L.]. A circle. C. arteriosus, the circle of Haller. The plexus of arteries that surrounds the outer border of the iris. C. iridis minor, an arterial circle near the pupillary border of the iris. C. venosus mammae (or Halleri), a ring of anastomosing veins that surround the nipple. Circum- (sir/-kumi-) [L.]. A prefix meaning around, about. Circumagentes (sir-kum-aſ-en/-/dz) [L., “causing to revolve”]. I. The oblique muscles of the eye. 2. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles that revolve the arm. Circumanal (sir-Aum-a/-na/) [circum, around ; amus, the fundament]. Periproctous ; surrounding the anus. Circumcision dº -um) [circumcidere, to cut around]. Excision of a circular piece of the prepuce. Circumclusion (sir-Aum-/://-2/um) [circum, around; c/udſere, to close]. A form of acupressure in which 300 CIRSOMPHALOS the pin is passed beneath the vessel, a wire loop placed over its point, and its ends brought over the artery and made fast. Circumcorneal (sir-kum-kor/-ne-al) [circum, about; corneus, horny]. Around or about the cornea. Circumduction (sir-kum-duk/-shun) [circumducere, to lead around]. The movement of a limb in such a manner that its distal part describes a circle, the proxi- mal end being fixed. See Motion. Circumference (sir-kum/-fer-ens) [circumferº, to carry around]. The distance around a part. Circumflex (sir/-kumyſłeks) [circumflectere, to bend about]. Applied to a number of arteries veins and In CTVeS. Circumgyration (sir-Āum-ji-ra/-shun) [ci, cum, around; gyrare, to turn]. See Vertigo, - Circuminsular (sir-kum-in/-su-lar) [circum, about; insula, island]. Surrounding the island of Reil. Circumlental (sir-kum-ſen/-tal) [circum, around; lens, a lentil ; lens]. Surrounding the lens. C. Space. See Space. Circumnuclear (sir-Aum-mu’-Ale-ar) [circum, about; nucleus, kernel]. Surrounding the nucleus. Circumnutation (sir-Āum-mu-ta/-shu,t) [circum, around; mutare, to nod]. In biology, a bowing suc- cessively toward all points of the compass. Applied to the movements of young and growing organs. Circumocular (sir-kum-ok/-u-lar) [circum, about ; oculus, eye). Surrounding the eye. Circumoral (sir-kum-o/-ral) [circumu, about ; os, mouth]. Surrounding the mouth. Circumpolarization (sir-kum-po-lar-ix-a/-shun) [cir- cum, around ; folus, pole.] The quantitative estima- tion of sugar in a suspected liquid by the degree of the rotation of polarized light, sugar rotating the ray to the right, albumin to the left. - Circumrenal (sir-kum-re/-na/) [circum, about; ren, the kidney]. Around or about the kidneys. Circumscribed (sir/-kum-skriðd) [circumscribere, to draw a line around]. Strictly limited or marked off; well defined ; distinct from surrounding parts, as a circumscribed inflammation or tumor. Circumvallate (sir-kum-va/-ät) [circumvallare, to sur- round with a wall]. Surrounded by a wall or promi- nence. C. Papillae, certain papillae at the base of the tongue. Cirrhonosus (sir-on/-o-sus) [kibbóc, yellow ; vöooc, dis- ease]. I. A fetal disorder, marked by yellowness of the serous membranes. 2. Abnormal post-mortem yellowness of any surface or tissue. Cirrhose (sir-às') [cirrus, a tendrill. In biology, pro- vided with tendrils. . Cirrhosis (sir-o/-sis) [kibbóc, reddish-yellow ; from the color of the cirrhotic liver]. Increase and thickening of the connective tissue of an organ, especially of the liver. C., Biliary, a form due to chronic retention of bile in the liver from long-continued obstruction in the bile-ducts from any cause. C., Fatty, a rare form in which the hepatic cells become infiltrated with fat. The surface is smooth and the organ enlarged, but very tough, owing to increase in the interstitial connec- tive tissue, which does not contract. This form is usually seen in the intemperate. Cirrhotic (sir-of/-ī4) [kibbóc, yellow]. Affected with, or relating to, cirrhosis. C. Kidney. See Bright's A)isease. Cirsocele (sir/-so-sel) [kpoéſ, a varix; kážm, tumor]. A varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic cord. Cirsoid (sir/-soid) [kupo 6¢, a varix; eiðog, likeness]. Resembling a varix, or dilated vein. Cirsomphalos (sir-som/-/a/-os) [Kipo 6¢, varix; bupañóg, navel]. A varicose condition of the navel. CIRSOPHTHALMIA Cirsophthalmia (sir-soff-thal/-me-a/.) [cipaśc, varix; öpffažuóg, the eye). I. Ophthalmia, with an apparent varicose condition of the conjunctival vessels. 2. Corneal staphyloma, with an appearance of varicosity of the surface. Cirsotome (sir/-so-dûm) [kupo 6¢, a varix; touff, a cut- ting]. A cutting instrument for the operation of cir- Sotomy. Cirsotomy (sir-sotº-o-me) [kupo 6¢, varix; tāuetv, to cut]. Excision of a varix. Cisma (siz/-mah). Same as Absus. Cismatan (sis/-mat-an). Same as Absus. Cissampelos (sis-am/-pel-os) [Ictoo.6c, ivy; dutreWog, a vine]. A genus of climbing menispermaceous plants. The root of C. capensis, of South America, is cath- artic and emetic. C. pareira, of tropical America, false pareira brava (q.v.), is tonic and diuretic. Cistern º -term) [cisterna, a vessel; receptacle]. I. Any dilatation: reservoir. 2. Any dilatation of the space between the pia and arachnoid. The cisterns are true lymph-sacs. C. of Pequet. See A’eceptaculum chyli. C. of the Cerebrum. See Cistern, 2. Cisterna (sis-ter/-nah) [L.]. Same as Cistern. C. ambiens, one of the pockets situated over the optic lobes. C. magna, a large cisterna where the arach- noid spreads across from the caudad border of the cerebellum to the oblongata. C. perilymphatica, in the ear, a large space adjacent to the foot-plate of the stapes. Cistus (sis/-tus) [kiotog, the rock-rose]. A genus of plants of the order Cistaceae, growing in the old world. C. oreticus, C. cyprius, C. ladaniferus, and C. ledon afford the drug labdanum, or ladanum. Citerior (si-te/-re-or) [L., “hither ”]. Brainward, centripetal, or afferent. - - Citrate (sit/-rat) [citrus, citron-tree]. ric acid. - Citrene (sit/-rén) [citrus, citron-tree], Ciołłls. Hes- peridene; carvene. The oil of Citrus aurantiae, and the chief ingredient of cedar oil, cumin oil, and dill oil. It occurs associated with pinene in lemon oil. It is an agreeable-smelling, colorless liquid, sp. gr. O.846 at 20°, and boiling at 175—176°. Citric (sit/-rié) [citrus, citron-tree]. Pertaining to or derived from lemons or citrons, C. Acid. See Acid. Citrine (sit/-rin) [citrus, a lemon]. Yellow; of a lemon color. C. Ointment. See Hydrargyrum. Citronella (sit-ron-e/-ah) [dim, of kirpov, the citron- tree]. A fragrant grass. C. Oil, the essential oil of various grasses, mostly of the genus Andropogon ; used chiefly as a perfume; antirheumatic. Unof. Citrus (sit/-rus) [L.]. A genus of aurantiaceous trees. See Aurantium, Bergamfot, Zime, Zimon. Cittosis (sit-foº-sis) [kitta, kicoa, pica]. Pica; a long- ing for strange or improper food. Civet (siv/-et) [ME.]. A semi-liquid, unctuous secre- tion from the anal glands of Viverra civetta, V. zibetha, and V. rasse, carnivorous old-world animals, them- selves called civets. It is now used as a perfume; formerly as an antispasmodic and stimulant, like musk. Unof. Civiale's Operations. See Operations, Table of Clacking Pivot, or Tenon (Alak/-ing pivº-oë). Clack pivot; a method of attaching an artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth ; it was invented by Magiola. Cladocarpous (Alad-o-kar'-pus) [kååóoc, a branch; Kapitág, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit borne at the end of short lateral branches. Cladocerous (Åſad-os/-er-us) [kWädog, a branch ; képaç, horn||. In biology, with branched antennae. Cladode (Álad/-ād) [kháðoc, a branch; eiðoç, form]. In biology, branch-like. See Phyllocladium. Any salt of cit- 301 CLARIFYING Cladodont (żlad/-o-dont) [Kää60ç, a branch; 6600c, tooth]. Same as Aybodont. Cladonea (Aſad-o/-ne-ah) [K7.460¢, a branch]. A genus of lichens. C. rangiferina, the reindeer-moss; a lichen that grows extensively in Asia, Europe and N. America. It is used as a food in famine-seasons, and is locally distilled, affording an alcoholic spirit. Cladophyl (k/ad/-o-fi/) [k/.400c, a branch ; pižov, a leaf). In biology, a branch that in form mimics a leaf. Same as Cladode. Cladoptosis (4/ad-of-to/-sis) [K%áčog, a branch ; Trittetv, to fall]. In biology, the annual falling of twigs bear- ing leaves instead of the leaves alone. Cladose (4/ad/-ós) [k%áčog, a branch]. ramose or branched. Cladothrix (Alad/-o-thriás) [K%dog, branch; 6pt:, a hair]. A genus of bacteria, having long filaments, in pseudo-ramifications, with true spores. See Aacteria, Synonymatic, Table of Clairaudience (Ä/är-aw/-de-ens) [Fr. clair, clear; audi- emce, hearing]. The alleged telepathic hearing of sounds uttered at a great distance. Clairvoyance (Ä/är-voi/-ans) [Fr. clair, clear; voir, to see]. The alleged ability (in certain states), to see things not normally visible; the pretended ability to see the internal organs of a patient, and thus diagnos- ticate his ailments. - Clamp (AE/amp) [Ger. AZampel. An instrument for compressing the parts in surgical operations, to fix them or to prevent hemorrhage, etc. C., Gaskell's, an instrument applied over the heart so that the pulsation of the auricles and ventricles may be separately registered; it is used in the study of cardiac pulsation. Clang (&lang) [kºayyń, a clang]. A sharp metallic sound; a hoarse voice. C.-deafness, a defect of hear- ing in which sounds are heard, but their more delicate qualities are not perceived. C.-tint, the timbre, or delicate shading of a tone. See Timbre. Clap (&lap) [OF., clapoir, a venereal sore]. . Gonor- rhea. C.-threads, characteristic slimy threads in the urine of gonorrheal cystitis. Clapotage (Aſah-po-ta(h)2h/) [Fr.]. sound of a liquid in succussion. Clapping (Alap/-ing). See Percussion and 7apolement. Clapton's Lines. See Lines, Zabſe of Claquement (klahk'-mon(g)) [Fr., clapping, slapping] 1. In massage, percussion with the flat of the hand. 2. The clack, or flapping sound caused by sudden closure of the heart-valves. Claret (Āſar/-et) [clarus, clear]. A wine of a light-red color. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of C. Stain. Same as Aſaºz'us mafernus. Clarificant (Alar/-iſ-ić-ant) [c/arus, clear]. A sub- stance used for the purpose of clearing solutions turbid from insoluble matter. - Clarification (&lar-iſ-ić-a'-shun) [clarus, clear; ſacere, to make]. The operation of removing the turbidity of a liquid or naturally transparent substance. It may be accomplished by allowing the suspended matter to subside, by the addition of a clarificant or substance that precipitates suspended matters, or by moderate heating. See Aºzzing. Clarify (&lar/-ij-i ) [clarus, clear; facere, to make]. To free a liquid or solution from insoluble or hetero- geneous substances. To make clear. Clarifying (Älar/-ij-i-ing) [clarus, clear; facere, to make]. Clearing; purifying, C. Reagent, any pre- paration used for purifying microscopic and anatomic preparations that have been mounted in gummy media. Oil of cloves, turpentine, creasote, xylol, and oil of bergamot are the chief. In biology, The splashing CLARIONET-PLAYER'S CRAMP Clarionet-player's Cramp. See Cramp. Clark’s Operation. See Operations, Table of C. (Alonzo), Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Clarke's Corroding Ulcer. An ulcer of the cervix uteri that shows a tendency to spread. C. Inter- medio-lateral Tract. See Column of C. Poste- rior Vesicular Column. See Column of C. Pro- cess. See Water, Softening of C. Rule, a rule for dosage. The dose is to be graded by the weight of the child. One hundred and fifty pounds is taken as the weight of an average human adult, and in order to obtain the fractional dose this number serves for the denominator of a fraction whose numerator corresponds to the weight of the child in avoidupois pounds. Thus, the formula for a child of 50 pounds would be ſº or 3 of the dose for the adult. Clasmacytosis (Alas-ma/-si-to/-sis). Same as Clasma- Zocytosis. Clasmatocyte (Älas-mat/-o-sit) [kháopia, fragment; Kûrog, cell]. A form of very large connective-tissue corpuscles that tend to break up into granules or pieces. Clasmatocytosis (Alas-mat-o-si-'oſ-sis) [K%áopia, a frag- ment; kirog, a cell]. The breaking up of clasmato- cytes, and the formation of islands of granules from their débris. Clasp (AE/asp) [ME., claspen, to grasp firmly]. In mechanical dentistry, a hook fitted to a tooth and de- signed for the retention of a dental substitute or other apparatus to be worn in the mouth. In biology, an apparatus at the end of the male abdomen in certain insects, intended to grasp the female. C.-knife Rigidity, a reflex spasmodic action of the legs from increased myotatic irritability, as a result of which extension is, as it were, completed with a “spring,” as in the knife. * Classification (Alas-if-ić-a/-shun) [classis, a class; ſacere, to make]. An orderly arrangement of names, objects, diseases, etc., according to their properties and peculiarities. Clastothrix (Alas/-to-thriás). Synonym of Trichorrhexis nodosa. Clathrate (Ä/a/h/-rat) [Kºjūpa, a lattice]. In biology, latticed ; a name given by Mohl to cribriform cells; also written clathroid. Clathrocystis (Alath-ro-sis/-īs) [k%ffpa, a trellis; Küotic, pouch]. A genus of microbes with round or oval cells, forming zoögloeae in the form of circular layers. See Aacteria, Synonymatic Table of Clathrose (//ath/-ras) [kååtpa, a lattice]. In biology, having deep furrows crossing at right angles. Claudication, or Claudicatio (%law-dić-a/-shun, Ælaw-dik-a/-she-o) [c/audicare, to halt or limp.]. The act of limping ; lameness. Claudius, Doctrine of. The doctrine that, in the pro- duction of fetal monstrosities, attributes the atrophic changes primarily to the reversal and impairment of the circulation, consequent upon the overpowering vigor of the stronger fetus. C., Cells of, the outer epithe- lial layer of the ducts of the cochlea. Claustrophobia (Alaws-tro-fo/-be-ah) [claustra, a bolt; 9630C, fear]. Morbid distress at being in any room or confined space; clithrophobia. Claustrum (Alaws/-trum) [claudere, to shut: pl., Claus- tra]. A barrier; applied to several apertures that may be closed against entrance. Also, a layer of cinerea (gray nervous matter) between the insula and the lenticula. Clausura (Alaw-su/-ra/) [L. J. Closure ; atresia; as of a passage. C. tubalis, closure of a Fallopian tube. C. uteri, an imperforate state of the uterine cervix. Clava, Clavola, or Clavolet (4/a/-vah, &la/-vo-'ah, or Ala/-vo-let) [clava, a club]. I. In biology, clubbed 302 CLEARING at the end, as the antennae of certain insects. 2. See Aſuniculus gracilis. Clavate (Álav/-ä) [clava, a club.] In biology, club- shaped. Applied to a stigma, antenna, or other organ that is thick toward the apex and gradually narrowed toward the base. Clavation (Ålaw-a/-shun) [clavatio; clavus, a nail]. Same as Gomphasis. Clavelization (Alav-el-iz-a/-shun.) [Fr., clavelée, sheep- pox]. Inoculation with sheep-pox virus; ovination. Claven, or Claviculen (4/a/-ven, Ala-vik/-u-len)[clavis, a key]. Belonging to the clavicle in itself. Claviceps (Ä/av/-is-eps) [clava, club; caput, head]. A genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus produc- ing the ergot of rye. Clavicle (4/av/-ić-l) [clavicula, clavus, a key]. The collar-bone. See Bones, Začle of - Clavicular (&la-vić/-at-lar) [clavus, a key]. Relating to the clavicle. - Clavilla marginales (Ä/a-viſ/-ah marjin-a/-äg) [L.]. The ‘‘ olfactory clubs’’ or marginal clubs in Medusae : also called Cordyli marginales. Clavula (Alav/-u-lah) [clava, a club]. In biology, applied to various clubbed organs; as, a knobbed bristle in echinoderms, or the swollen receptacle of Some fungi. Clavus (Åla/-vus) [clavus, a nail, a wart, a corn]. Corn ; a hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epider- mis, in which there is an ingrowth as well as an out- growth of horny substance, forming circumscribed epidermal thickenings, chiefly about the toes. Corns may be hard or soft, the latter being situated between the toes, where they are softened by maceration. Both forms are due to pressure and friction. C. hysteri- cus, a local neuralgic pain in hysteria, anemia, etc., in the head, as if a mai/ were being driven in. Claw (Alaw) [AS., clawn, a claw]. The stalk, or con- tracted base of a petal. In biology, the hooked limb or appendage of an animal. C.-hand, a condition of the hand characterized by over-extension of the first phalanges and extreme flexion of the others. The condition is a result of atrophy of the interosseous muscles, with contraction of the tendons of the com- mon extensor and long flexor. (French, main-en- griffe. Clayed Sugars (Ä/äd sug/-arz). Sugars that have been freed from the dark molasses by covering them in moulds by moist clay, which allows of a gradual washing and displacement of the adhering syrup. Cleaning (Alen/-ing) [ME., clensen, to make clean]. Cleansing; removal of dirt; purifying. C. Mix- ture for Glass, I. Potassium bichromate 2 parts, water IO parts, sulphuric acid IO parts; dissolve the potassium in the water with heat, pour into a warm bottle, add the sulphuric acid slowly and at intervals. 2. Nitric acid (conc.) 2 parts, sulphuric acid 3 parts. Cleansings (Ä/en/-zingz) [ME., clensen, to clean]. The lochia. Clearer (Åler’-er). , See Clearing Mixture. Clearing (Aler/-ing) [ME., cleren, to make clear]. Clarification; making clear. See Fining. C. Agent, a substance used in microscopy to render tissues trans- parent and suitable for mounting. To replace alcohol in a dehydrated section, creasote, turpentine, xylol, and the oils of bergamot, cedar, cloves, and origanum are used. For celloidin sections, Bergamot or cedar oil or creasote is preferable. Before mounting vegetable sec- tions, glycerin, solution of carbolic acid, liquor potassae, alcoholic Solution of potash, liquor ammoniae, solution of chloral hydrate, Javelle water, Labarraque’s solu- tion, are used. See Stains, Table of C. Mixture, a fluid used in microscopy for rendering sections trans- * CLEAVAGE parent after dehydration. It must be miscible with the mounting medium. A very satisfactory and generally applicable mixture is the following: Carbolic acid crys- tals 4 parts, rectified oil of turpentine 6 parts. Cleavage (Ale/-vaj) [ME., cleven]. I. The linear clefts in the skin indicating the general direction of the fibers. They govern to a certain extent the arrange- ment of the lesions in skin-diseases. The lines of cleavage run, for the most part, obliquely to the axis of the trunk, sloping from the spine downward and forward; in the limbs they are mostly transverse to their longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of cell-division. Cleavers (Ale/-verz). See Galium aparine. Cleft (Åleft) [ME., clift]. I. A fissure; crevice. 2. The crotch, or point of junction of the legs. 3. In botany, divided half-way, as a leaf. C. Face. See Schistoprosopia. C., Ocular, a fissure in the embryo, leading from the mouth to the eye. It is situated between the fronto-nasal process and the Superior maxillary plate. C., Olfactory. See Offactory. . C. Palate, a congenital malformation of the palate, usually occurring with hare-lip. C. Sternum, con- genital fissure of the sternum. C., Visceral, or Aranchial. The four slit-like openings on each side in the cervical region in the fetus, sometimes called the Aranchial openings. The slits close (in the human fetus), except the upper, from which are developed the auditory meatus, tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube. See Branchial Clefts. Cleidal (Ali’-dal) [kheiç, clavicle]. Relating to the clavicle; clavicular. **. Cleido- (ºli/-do-) [kheiç the clavicle]. A prefix, mean- ing a relation to the clavicle. Cleido-hyoid (Ali’-do-hi’-oid) [kWeiç, clavicle; ioetóñº, shaped like the letter upsilon]. Relating to the clav- icle and the hyoid. Cleido-mastoid (AE//-do-masſ-toid) [x?sic, the clavicle; ſtagróg, the breast; elóog, like]. Pertaining to the clavicle and to the mastoid process. Cleistocarp (Alis/-to-karp) [k?storóg, that may be closed; KapTóg, fruit]. In biology, an ascocarp in which the spores are completely enclosed and from which they escape by the rupturing of its walls. Cleistogamy (Alis-tog/-am-e) [khetoróg, that may be closed; yöploç, marriage]. In biology, self-fertiliza- tion in closed flowers. Cleithrophobia (Ali-thro-fo/-be-ah) [KWeſtpov, a bolt; pó80c, fear]. Same as Claustrophobia, but a better formed word. Clematin (Alem/-at-in) [KWmuatic, alkaloid from Clematis vitalba. Clematis (Alem/-at-is) [kWmuatic, clematis]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants of many species, most of which are acrid or poisonous. C. corymbosa is powerfully irritant and resistant. C. crispa and C. erecta are diuretic and diaphoretic, and are said to be antisyphilitic. C. viorna, C. virginica, and C. vitalba are similar in properties to C. erecta. Clemens’ Solution. See Arsenzium. Clemot's Operation. See Operations, 7able of Cleptomania (Alep-to-ma/-ne-ah). See Kleptomania. Cleptophobia (Alep-to-ſo/-be-ah). See AZeptophobia. Clergyman’s Sore-Throat. A chronic hypertrophic form of pharyngitis, with more or less enlargement of the tonsils and lymph-follicles of the posterior wall, due to excessive and improper use of the voice. Dysphonia clericorum. See also Pharyngitis, Grazzular. Clerk-Maxwell's Experiment. See Löwe's Ring. Clethrophobia (Aleth-ro-fo/-be-ah) [kājôpov, a bar, bolt; pó8oc, fear]. Same as Claustrophobia. Clevenger's Fissure. See Fissures, Table of clematis]. An 303 CLINICIST Clichy White. Same as White Zead. Clicking Sounds (Ä/ä4/-ing soundz). Peculiar sharp sounds heard in auscultating the apex of a tuberculous lung. They indicate the commencement of softening in a tuberculous deposit. See Rále. Cliff-Rose (Alf’-röz). See Aſonsene. Climacteria (Ali-mak-e'-re-ah). Syn. of Menopause. Climacteric (Ali-ma/-ter/-ić, or Ali-ma/-ter-ić) [K%qu- akráp, the round of a ladder]. A period of the life- time at which the system was believed to undergo marked changes. These were at yearly periods divisible by seven. C. Age, puberty; also in women the time of cessation of the catamenia. C., Grand, the 63d year, also the 81st year. C. Dentition. See C. Teething. C. Insanity. See Insanity. C. Teething, the development of teeth at a very late period of life, after the loss of those of the second dentition, and usually between the sixty-third and eighty-first year, the grand climacteric years of the Greek physiologists. Climate (Ali’-mat)[K%tua, a region, or zone, of the earth]. The sum of those conditions in any region or country that relate to the air, the temperature, moisture, sun- shine, winds etc., especially in so far as they concern the health or comfort of mankind. Climate is an essen- tial factor in the production of or modification of cer- tain diseased conditions. This influence depends upon the nearness of the country to large bodies of water, its altitude above the sea-level, the peculiarities of its atmosphere, the nature and composition of its soil and subsoil, and the character of its vegetation. The most equable climate is that of the ocean, and next from a therapeutic point of view stands the sea-coast. The climate of mountains is especially lauded for the treat- ment of pulmonary disease. Its value consists in the rarefaction of the atmosphere and the freedom from particles and germs. Climate also plays an important part in the management of hay-fever and other diseases. Climatic (Ali-mat/-ić) [K%tua, a region or zone of the earth]. Pertaining to climate. Climatology (Ali-mat-o/-o-je) [K%iua, climate, a clime; Żóyoç, science]. The science of climate. Climatotherapy (Ali-mat-o-ther'-a-pe) [K%iua, clime; 6epaireia, a waiting onj. The employment of clima- tic measures in the treatment of disease. Climbing Staff-tree. False Bittersweet. The bark of the root of Celastrus scandens, alterative, diuretic and slightly narcotic. It has been advantageously employed in syphilitic and scrofulous affections. Dose of flá, ext, 3.j-ij. Unof. See Celastrus. Clinandrium (AE/in-an/-dre-um) [KWivm, a bed; divāp, a man]. In biology, a cavity at the apex of the column in orchids in which the anthers rest. This is also called the Androclinium. Clinantheum (AE/in-an/-the-um) [kāfum, bed; &v6og, a flower]. In biology, the receptacle of a composite lant. Clinic (AE/in/-ić) [k%tvukóc, pertaining to a bed]. I. Medi- cal instruction given at the bedside, or in the presence of the patient whose symptoms are studied and whose treatment is considered. 2. A gathering of instructors, students, and patients, for the study and treatment of disease. Clinical (klin/-ić-al) [K%tvikóg, pertaining to a bed]. Relating to bedside treatment, or to a clinic. Clinician (klin-ish/-an) [KAnytkóc, pertaining to a bed]. A physician whose opinions, teachings, and treatment are based upon experience at the bedside; a clinical instructor; one who practises medicine. Clinicist (Klin/-is ist) [Kätvikóc, pertaining to a bed]. A clinician. CLINOCEPHALIA Clinocephalia (Ali-no-seſ-a/-le-ah) [käivm, bed; kepahá, head]. Abnormal flatness of the top of the head. Clinocephalous (Ali-no-sef’-al-us) [KAtvm, bed: Kepažň, head]. Having the top of the head abnormally flat. Clinodactylous (Ä/i-no-da/-fi/-us) [k?ivetv, to flex or lie; 66ktvāog, finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal flexure, deviation or curvature of the fingers or toes. Clinoid (Ali/-noid) [khtum, a bed; eiðoç, likeness]. Re- sembling a bed; applied to sundry bony structures of the body, as the clinoid processes, plate, walls, etc. Clinostat (Ali'-no-stat) [kWivetv, to incline; oratóg, placed]. An apparatus for regulating the exposure of plants to the sunlight. Clip (Alip). See Compressor. Clire, or Clyers (Ä/ä’-er, or Ali’-erz) [E. dial.]. Tuber- culous disease of cattle. See Aerneſs. Cliseometer (Alis-e-om/-et-er) [kWłog, inclination ; pérpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of inclination of the pelvic axis. Clistocarpous (Alis-to-kar'-pus) [k?.etotóc, that can be closed; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, having a closed capsule, as certain mosses. Clithrophobia (Alith-ro-fo/-be-ah). phobia. Clitoralgia (Ālit-or-al/-je-ah) [KWeltopic, the clitoris; ã%)'oc, pain]. Pain referred to the clitoris. Clitoridectomy (Alit-or-id-ek/-to-me) [khettopic, clitoris; £ktouff, excision]. Excision of the clitoris. Clitoris (Älit/-or-is) [kWetropic, clitoris]. The homologue in the female of the penis, attached by two crura or branches to the ischio-pubic rami, which meet in front of the pubic joint to form the body, or corpus. The so-called “gland’’ is such only in appearance and name. C. Crises, paroxysms of sexual excitement in women suffering from tabes. Clitorism (Alit/-or-izm) [kWetropic, the clitoris]. I. En- largement or hypertrophy of the clitoris. 2. Tribadism. Clitoritis (Ä/it-or-i/-tis) [kWettopic, clitoris; truç, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the clitoris. Clitorotomy (AE/it-or-ot/-o-me). Incision of the clitoris. Clitorrhagia (Ālit-or-a/-je-ah) [KWeltopic, clitoris; bmyvöval, to burst]. Hemorrhage from the clitoris. Clivus (Ä/i/-vus) [L., a slope]. A slope. C. Ossis, or C. of Blumenbach, the slanting surface of the body of the sphenoid between the dorsum sellae and the basi-occipital. Cloaca (Alo-a/-kah) [cloaca, a sewer]. I. In early fetal life, the common orifice of the intestine and the allan- tois. 2. In surgery, the long canal of escape of pus from a necrotic sequestrum. 3. In biology, the cham- ber into which open the large intestine and urogenital ducts of birds, amphibians and monotremata. Cloacal (AE/o-a/-/a/) [cloaca, a sewer]. Pertaining to or serving as a cloaca. Clonic (Alon/-ić) [K%óvoc, commotion]. Applied to convulsive and spasmodic conditions of muscles in which alternate contractions and relaxations occur in- voluntarily. Clonici (Alon/-is-i) [L.]. Spasm. Clonism, Clonismus (Ä/o/-mizm, Alo-niz'-mus) [kWóvoc, commotion]. A clonic spasm; clonospasm. Clonospasm (Alon/-o-spazm) [KA6voç, commotion; oſtaguág, a spasm]. A clonic spasm. Clonus (4/o/-mus) [k%óvog, commotion]. Involuntary, reflex, irregular contractions of muscles when put sud- denly upon the stretch. According to the part stimu- lated, the phenomenon is spoken of as ankle, foot, rectus, or wrist C., etc. See A’eſſexes, Zable of. It is a valuable diagnostic sign in certain lesions of the spinal cord. Cathodal closure clonus, and Catho- Same as Cleithro- Diseases marked by clonic 304 CLUBBED FINGERS dal opening clonus, etc. See Contraction. See Anále C., Wrist C., etc. Clopemania (Alo-pe-ma/-ne-ah) [khoth, robbery; uavia, mania]. See AZeptomania. Cloquet, Angle of. See Angle. C., Canal of. See Canals, and Hyaloid Artery. C., Fascia of, the sep- tum crurale, 7. z. C., Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. C., Hernia of. See Hernia, and Diseases, Zable of. C., Needle Test of. See Death, Signs of C., Operation of. See Operations, Table of. C., Pseudoganglion of. See Aseudogang/ion. Closing Tetanus (Ålo/-ging teſ/-an-us). See Galvano- £ozzzz$. Clostridial (Alos-trial/-e-al) [kāoothp, a spindle]. Re- ferring to spindle-shaped bacilli and especially to the agent of the butyric acid fermentation. . Clostridium (Ælos-tria/-e-um) [Kāoothp, a spindle: £7, Clostridia]. A genus of bacteria, differing from bacilli in the fact that their spores are formed in character- istically enlarged rods. See Aacillus butyricus, under Aacteria. Closure (Álo/-zār) [clausura, a closing]. The act of completing or closing an electric circuit. According as a closure is anodal or cathodal, its effects may so differ as to give it a marked significance in diag- nosis. Clot (żlot) [ME., cloé, a round mass]. A coagulum, especially that of blood; a crassamentum. See Zhrom- bus, Embolism. White clots are formed of the pure fibrin of white corpuscles and of blood-plaques. If the white clot has become slightly stained with red blood- cells, it becomes yellowish (chicken-fat clot); if it be red and soft, it is a currant-jelly clot. Stratified clots contain layers of more than one variety. C., Distal, a clot formed in a vessel beyond the seat of ligature. C.-districts, the small divisions into which a clot is broken by the dissemination through it of the fibro- blastic plasma-corpuscles. C., Proximal, the clot formed in a vessel above the seat of ligature. Clotbur (4/o/- or Alóſ/-bur). The leaves of Xanthium strumarium, much used as a domestic remedy for bites of poisonous insects and venomous serpents. Also an active styptic. Dose of the fluid extract 3.j-ij. Unof. See also Spiny Clothur. Clottage of the Ureters. An operation proposed in case of hematuria from a kidney hopelessly crushed or with advanced carcinoma. The procedure consists - in blocking or corking up the ureter with a clot. Cloudberry (Álowd’-ber-e). The leaves of Rubus cha- mamorus, used in Russia as a diuretic. Dose gj to a cupful of boiling water. Unof. Cloudy Swelling. Parenchymatous degeneration ; a swelling up of the elements of a tissue by imbibition or accretion, a form of hypertrophy with a tendency to degeneration. Clove (klöv). See Caryophyllus, C.-hitch Knot, a form of double-knot in which two successive loops are made close to one another on the same piece of cord. or bandage, a half-twist being given to the junction of each loop at the time of making it. See Azzot. Clover’s Gas and Ether Inhaler. See Anesthetic. Clownism (Ælown/-izm) [ME., cloume]. Charcot's term for that stage of hystero-epilepsy in which there is an emotional display and a remarkable series of con- tortions or cataleptic poses. Club (Alub) [ME., club, a club]. In biology, a broad ending of an antenna. C.-foot. See Talipes. C.- hand, a deformity of the hand similar to that of club- foot. . Clubbed Fingers (Ä/uðd ſing/-gerz). Knobbed defor- mity of the finger-ends, with curvature of the nails, seen in some.cases of pulmonary and cardiac disease. CLYERS Clyers (Ä/ä’-ers). See Clire and Kernels. Clypeate (Älift/re-at) [clypeus, a shield]. shaped like a buckler. Clyster (Alis/-ter) [kāvoráp, an injection]. An enema. Cnemis (me/-mis) [kvmuiç, a legging]. The tibia or shin-bone. Cnemitis (ne-mi/-tis) [kvåum, shin; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tibia. Cnicin (mi/-sin) [kvåkoç, a plant of the thistle kind], 42H58015. A crystalline bitter substance found in Alessed 7%istle. Cnidoblast (ni/-do-blast) [kviðm, a nettle; 8%aoróg, a germ]. In biology, the budding thread-cell or urticat- ing cell. Cnidocell (ni/-do-sel) [cnida, a nettle; cella, a cell]. In biology, a lasso-cell, nematocyst, or urticating cell. Cnidocil (ni/-do-sil) [cnida, a nettle; cilium, an eye- lash]. In biology, the thread of a nematocyst. Cnidophorous (mid-off’-or-24s) [kviðr), a nettle; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, bearing lasso-cells or nemato- cysts. Cnidosis (ni-do/-sis) [kvíón, nettle]. Urtication; net- tle-rash. Coacervate (£o-as-erv/-at) [coacervare, to heap up]. In biology, clustered, bunched; said of grains or flowers. Coach (Édoh). See Quizzer. - Coachmen’s Cramp. See Cramp. Coãdnate (Äo-ad/-nāt) [con, together; adnatus, bunched]. In biology, clustered. Coagulant (ko-ag/-u-lant) [coagulare, to curdle]. I. Causing the formation of a clot or coagulum. 2. A coagulating agent. Coagulated (ko-ag/-u-la-fed) [coagulare, to curdle]. Clotted; curdled. C. Proteids, a class of proteids produced by heating solutions of egg-albumin or serum-albumin globulin suspended in water or dis- solved in saline solutions, up to IOO°C. At the body- temperature they are readily converted into peptones by the action of the gastric juice in an acid, or of pancreatic juice in an alkaline medium. Coagulation (AEo-ag-u-la/-shun ) [coagulatio, a clot- ting]. The formation of a coagulum or clot, as in blood or in milk. Coagulative (Äo-ag/-u-la-tºv) [coagulare, to curdle]. Causing or marked by coagulation. C. Necrosis. See AVecrosis. Coagulum (&o-ag'-it-lum) [coagulare, to curdle: £7., Coagula]. Clot. The mass of fibrin, enclosing red and colorless corpuscles and serum, that forms from the plasma of the blood after the latter has been drawn from the body. Also, the curd of milk, and the insoluble form of albumin. Coal (Kö/) [ME., cole]. A solid and more or less distinctly stratified mineral, varying in color from dark- brown to black, brittle, combustible, and used as a fuel; not fusible without decomposition, and very insoluble. C., Anthracite, the hard variety of coal, used largely as a heating-agent. It contains but little hydrogen, and is mainly (over 90 percent.) composed of pure car- bon. C., Bituminous, is black or grayish-black in color, of a resinous luster, and somewhat friable, being easily broken into cubical fragments of more or less regularity; upon ignition it burns with a yellow flame. When heated to bright redness in retorts or ovens, free from the access of air, the volatile matter, composed of carbon compounds of hydrogen and oxygen with water, passes off. It is used in the manufacture of gas. C., Cannel is much more compact than gas or coking coals, duller in appearance, possessing a grayish-black to brown color, and burning with a clean candle-like flame. It does not soil the hands, and is not readily In biology, 305 COCAIN fractured. C., Brown, or Lignite, appears to occupy an intermediate position between the bituminous coals and wood. It retains the ligneous structure of the material from which it is formed, hence the name Alignite. The vegetable remains are in a great many cases quite distinct. The color varies from yellowish- brown in the earthy, to black in the more compact, coal-like varieties. It does not yield coke. It is used as fuel in some localities. Peat, or Turf, occurring in large areas in Ireland and in some parts of Europe, consists of the decayed remains of certain forms of plants. It has been destructively distilled for tarry products, without profit, however. C.-miner's Lung. See Miner’s Zung. C.-tar, a by-product in the manufacture of illuminating gas; it is a black, viscid fluid of a characteristic and disagreeable odor. The specific gravity ranges from I. Io to 1.20. Its compo- sition is extremely complex, and its principal constitu- ents are separated, one from the other, by means of fractional distillation. C.-tar Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. Coalescence (£o-al-es/-ens) [coalescere, to grow to- gether]. The union of two or more parts or things. Coaptation (Åo-ap-ta/-shun) [con, together; apſare, to fit]. The proper union or adjustment of the ends of a fractured bone, the lips of a wound, etc. Coarctate (Äo-aré/-tät) [coarctare, to press together]. Crowded together. - Coarctation (£o-ark-ta/-shun) [coarctare, to put to- gether]. A compression of the walls of a vessel or canal, thus narrowing or closing the lumen; reduction of the normal or previous volume, as of the pulse; shrivelling and consequent detachment, as of the retina. A stricture. Coarctotomy (Áo-aré-Zoº’-o-me) [coarctatus, constricted; Téuvetv, to cut]. The cutting of a stricture. Coarse (£ors) [ME., course]. Not fine ; gross. C. Adjustment. See Adjustment. C. Features of Disease, macroscopic organic lesions, such as tumor, hemorrhage, cte. Coarticulation (Åo-ar-ſik-u-la/-shun) [com, together; articulare, to join, articulate]. A synarthrosis. . Coat (Äät) [coſtus, a tunic]. A cover, or membrane covering a part or substance. C., Buffy, the upper fibrinous layer of the clot of coagulated blood, marked by its color, and absence of red-corpuscles. Coates's Operation. See Operations, Tab/e of Coating (Äät/-ing) [coſtus, a tunic]. A covering, as of a wound, the tongue, etc., C. of the Tongue, a con- dition of the tongue indicative of abnormality of the digestive tract. C. of Pills, a covering of various sub- stances to conceal the taste in swallowing. Cobalt (&o/-bazºº/*) [Åobold, a German mythologic goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having some of the general properties of iron. Its oxids have been em- ployed in medicine, but are now very little used. See Alements, 7 able of C.-blue. See Pigments, Con- spectus of C.-green. Same as Rinmann's Green. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-ultra- marine. Same as Coba/#-blue. C.-yellow. See Aigments, Conspectics of Cobweb (#ob/-web) [ME., cobweb, a spider's web 3. Tela aranea, spider's web. The web of a common house spider, Tºgeneria domestica. It is a styptic recom- mended for bleeding after tooth-extraction, and in pulmonary tuberculosis, in 30-grain doses. It forms a serviceable moxa, with the aid of the blowpipe. Coca (ko’-Kah). See Brythroxylon. Cocain (£o'-kah-in, or Åo’-kān)[S.A., coca), Cli H, NO,. The chief alkaloid extract of Ærythroxylon coca. It is at first stimulant and afterward narcotic, and resem- bles caffein in its action on the nerve-centers, and 2O COCAINISM atropin in its effects on the respiratory and circulatory organs. Its long-continued use (cocain-habit) is followed by insomnia, decay of moral and intellectual power, emaciation, and death. Locally, it is a pow- erful anesthetic in a limited area of surface. It acts most rapidly on mucous tissues. Applied to the con- junctiva of the eye it causes also dilatation of the pupil and paralysis of the function of accommodation. Applied to the tongue it temporarily destroys the sense of taste. Dose gr. 96-ij. See also Anesthetic. C.- Bug, an imaginary insect which cocainomaniacs fre- quently think they are infested with; a belief that is pro- bably due to some formicational sense-perversion. C., Ceratum, I in 30, for burns, etc. C. Citras, used in dentistry to ease aching teeth. C. Hydrochloras, or chlorid of cocain, C17H31NOCl, more properly cocain chlorid, most commonly used for local anes- thesia in 2–8 per cent. Solution. Dose, internally, gr. }—ij. C. Hydrochlorat., Liquor. (B.P.). Dose mij-x. Injectio C. Hydrochlorat., Hypoderm. ; I grain in 20 minims. C., Lamellae (B.P.), each containing gr. Tºo of cocain hydrochlorate. C. Oleas, a IO per cent. Solution in oleic acid, for external use. C. Phenas or Carbolas, a topical application in catarrhs and in rheumatism. Used as a five to ten per cent. alcoholic solution, also internally, gr T's—#. Cocainism (Ao-ka/-in-izºn) [S. Amer. coca]. cocain-habit. Cocainization (Ao-ka-in-iz-a/-shun) [S. Amer., coca]. The bringing of the system or organ under the influ- ence of cocain. Cocainomania (Ao-ka-in-o-ma/-ne-ah) [cocain, Havía, madness]. The habit of using cocain; properly, insanity due to the cocain-habit. Cocainomaniac (Ao-ka-in-o-ma/-ne-a/) [cocain ; uavia, madness]. One who is insane from the effects of cocain. Cocamin (Ao’-kam-in) [S. Amer. coca, amin], Cia Hos NO. Truxillin, or Isotropyl-cocain; an alkaloid from coca. It has active properties, but its physio- logic effects are little known. Coccaceae (AoA-AEas/-e-e) [Fr., coccace&s, Kókkoç, a ker- nel]. A group of schizomycetous fungi, or bacteria, including as genera the Micrococcus, Sarcina, Asco- coccus, and Leuconostoc. The elements are normally spherical, reproduction usually taking place by divi- sion. Some writers place the genus Zeuconostoc alone in this group; others exclude it entirely. Coccidia (AoA-sid/-e-ah) [kókkoç, a berry]. The so-called psorospermiſe—minute oval structures about O.O35 mm. long, with a thick capsule and coarsely granular con- tents. They are frequently found in the liver of the rabbit, and have been found in the liver, in a pleuritic exudate, and in the kidney, ureter, and heart-muscle in man. The organism is more properly called Coc- cidium oviforme, while the spores that it forms are termed psorospermiae. Coccidiosis (AoA-sid-7-0-sis) [kókkoç, a berry; v6oog, disease]. The group of symptoms produced by the presence of coccidia in the body. Coccidium (AoA-sid’’-e-um) [.(6kkoç, a berry: pl., Coc- cidia]. I. In biology, applied (a) to the spore-bearing conceptacle of certain algae, and (b) to egg-shaped psorosperms. 2. A genus of protozoans, by some re- ferred to as the so-called psorosperms (see Psorosperm). See Coccidia. C. oviforme has been found in intes- tinal epithelium, and in the liver of man, and often in the liver of the rabbit. True coccidia are non-motile cell-parasites. C. sarkolytus, the name given by Adamkiewicz to the parasite of carcinoma. Coccillana (AoA-siſ-a/-nah) [S. Amer.]. The bark of Gazarea swartzii, of the W. Indies, a tree of the fam- The 306 COCHIN CHINA ily Meliaceae, an emetic and purgative; in over-doses it is poisonous as an irritant narcotic. It acts locally upon the mucous membrane when directly applied or when absorbed. It is commended for bronchial catarrh. Dose of fl. ext, mux-xxx. Unof. Coccinella (kok-sin-el/-ah). See Cochineal. Coccinellin (AoA-sin-e/-īn), or Coccinellina (kok-se- ne/-/ei-na). See Carmin. Coccinin (AoA'-sin-in) [coccinus, scarlet], C, H13O8. I. A substance obtained by heating carmic acid with po- tassium hydrate. It crystallizes in yellowish leaflets from an alcoholic solution. 2. A coal-tar color belong- ing to the azo-group. Same as AVew Coccin and Phene- to/ A’ea. Coccobacteria (AoAE-o-bak-te/-re-a/) [kórkoç, a kernel; Bakrīptov, a little rod]. The rod-like or spheroidal bacteria found in putrefying liquids, and called C. septica. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Coccoloba (kok-o/-o-bah) [cocolobis, a kind of grape]. A genus of polygonaceous trees of tropical America. C. uvifera, the sea-side grape, has a hard and valu- able wood, which, when boiled, yields what is called Jamaica kino. Coccomelasma (AoA-o-me/-az/-mah) [kókkoç, berry; pué%aopia, blackness]. A granular dermal melanosis. Cocculus (AoA:/-u-ſus) [dim. of coccus, a berry]. A genus of menispermaceous plants of the tropics. C. indicus, is the dried fruit of Amamirta cocculus. It is an active marcotic poison, and is employed as a de- stroyer of vermin ; its preparations have proved ser- viceable for headaches, dysmenorrhea, etc. See Picro- toxin. Coccus (AoA/-us) [Kókkoç, a berry]. I. A cell or cap- sule. 2. In biology, (a) the separable carpels or mit- lets of dry fruits; (b) a spherical bacterium, a micro- coccus. C. cacti, the cochineal insect. See Cocházzeal. Coccyalgia (Kok-se-a/-je-ah) [Kökkvš, coccyx; āWyoç, pain]. Coccygodynia. Coccydynia (AoA-se-dim/-e-ah). See Coccygodynia. Coccygalgia (£ok-sig-a/-je-ah). See Coccygodynia. Coccygeal (kok-sij/-e-al) [kókkvš, coccyx]. Pertaining to the coccyx. Coccygectomy (Áok-sig-ek/-to-me) [kókkv$, coccyx; #Ktopuſ, excision]. Surgical excision of the coccyx. Coccygeus (AoA-sij'-e-us) [cókkvč, coccyx]. One of the pelvic muscles. See Muscles, Table of Coccygodynia (AoA-sig-o-dim/-e-ah) [kóickvé, coccyx; ôöövm, pain]. Pain referred to the region of the coc- cyx; confined almost exclusively to women who have given birth to children. The pain is due to a rupture or stretching of the ligaments surrounding the coccyx, or to fracture or dislocation of that bone. Coccygotomy (AoA-sig-of/-o-me) [Kókkv$, coccyx; touff, a cutting]. Cutting of the coccyx. Coccyx (AoA'-siks) [Kókku;, the cuckoo (resembling the bill) J. The last bone of the spinal column, formed by the union of four rudimentary vertebrae. See Aones, Table of. Cochenille [Fr.]. Same as Cochineal. Cochia (Ao’-ke-ah, or Ao’-che-a/) [L. ; of Gr, kokkiov, a pill]. An old, but not obsolete, name for certain drastic and mainly aloetic pills (pilulae cochia). The name cochia is now adjectival. Cochin China (Ao’-chin chi’-mah) [native Asiatic]. A country of lower Asia. C. Diarrhea, a form of tropical diarrhea dependent upon the presence in the intestine of a thread-worm, Anguillula intestinalis, and its larval offspring. C. Leg. Synonym of Alephantiasis arabum. C. Ulcer, an affection of Cochin China characterized by deep ulceration of the extremities. It is supposed to be the same as Aurunculus orientalis. COCHINEAL Cochineal (AEoch/-in-el, or Aoch-in-e/) [ME., cut- chaneal ]. The dried insects of a species of plant lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a cactus of Mexico and Central America. It contains a rich red coloring- matter, carmin, used mainly as a dyeing agent. See Aigments, Conspec/us of. It is thought to be valuable in infantile whooping-cough. Dose gr. 34. Cochlea (AoA/-le-a/) [kóżog, a conch-shell]. A cav- ity of the internal ear resembling a snail-shell. It describes two and a half turns about a central pillar called the modio/us or columezzella, forming the spira/ canal, about I }, inches in length. The latter is di- vided into three canals or scalae, the scala ſympani, vestibuli, and media. See also, AEar. 2. In botany, a coiled legume, like that of Medicago. . 24.2% *% - - - 3% 4% % *: §§º %, Ø ### §.2% º . .25.2 ſº --> CoCHLEA. - 1. Scala tympani. 2. Scala vestibuli. 3. Anterior or triangu- lar canal. 4. Posterior or quadrilateral canal. ligament. 6. External spiral sulcus, or membrane of Corti. 8. Membrana basilaris. 9. Spiral vessel. Io. Limbus laminae spiralis. II. Pillars of Organ of Corti. 12. Branch of cochlear nerve. 13. Ganglion spirale. 14, Branch of cochlear nerve between the lamellae of the lamina spiralis ossea. 15. One of the orifices by which this branch penetrates the canal of Corti. 16. Part of bony cochlea. 17. Lining periosteum. 18. Membrane of Reissner. Cochlear (AoA/-le-ar) [kóxãoc, a conch-shell]. Per- taining or belonging to the cochlea. C. Nerve, the nerve supplying the cochlea. See AVerves, Table of Cochlear, or Cochleare (AoA:/-le-ar, or Åok-le-a/-re) [L. : pl., Cochlearia]. A spoon ; a spoonful. C. mag- núm, a tablespoon; C. medium, a dessert-spoon ; C. minimum, a teaspoon. Cochlearia (AoA-le-ar'-e-ah). See Horseradish. Cochleate (kok/-le-āt) [cochleatus, spiral]. coiled, like a snail-shell. Cochlitis (AoA-li/-äs) [kóżog, a conch-shell; trug, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the cochlea. Cockroach º See A/aſta. Coco (Ao’-ko). Synonym of Yaws. See Frambaſsia. Coco, or Cocoa (ko’-ko) [Port., cacao]. See Cacao and Theobroma. C.-nut, the nut of Cocos nucifera, a palm-tree of tropical coast-regions. The oil is used as a substitute for cod-liver oil, and in Germany it is employed in pharmacy in the place of lard. C.-nut Fiber, coir. The coarse fibrous covering of the nut of the cocoa-palm is largely used in making brooms, brushes, matting, and coarse carpeting. The fiber is coarse, stiff, very elastic, round, and smooth like hair. It also has great tenacity, and is well adapted for cordage. C.-nut Oil, oleum cocois, is obtained from the dried pulp of the cocoa-nut by expression. It is an oil of the consistency of butter, fusing at from 73° to 80° F (22.7° to 26.6° C.). When fresh, it is white in color and of sweet taste and agreeable odor, but it 5, 5. Spiral 7. Membrana tectoria, Spirally 307 ZºZº. Ž2% ź &. * . COELOSPERM easily becomes rancid. in the cold. and Soap. s Cocomania (Ao-ko-ma/-ne-ah). See Cocainomania. Cocomaniac (ko-ko-ma/-ne-a/). See Cocainomaniac. Cocoölein (Ao-ko-o'-le-in) [Port., cacao, oleum, oil.J. A proprietary substitute for cod-liver oil, said to be derived from cocoa-nut oil. Cocotte (Ao-koſ') [Fr. J. Synonym of /n/luenza. Coction (AoA'-shun) [coctio; coquere, to cook]. I. Digestion. 2. The preparatory alteration that morbific matter undergoes in preparation for its discharge. Cod (Áod) [ME., cod]. I. The scrotum. 2. The belly. 3. In the plural, the testes. 4. The Gadus morrhaea, a fish furnishing a valuable medicinal product. C.- liver Oil, an oil derived from the liver of the Gadus morrhºea, and ranging in color according to the method of its preparation from pale-straw to dark-brown ; its specific gravity is .923 to .924 or even.930 at 15° C. The finer qualities are used for medicinal purposes, the darker by tanners and curriers. See /l/orrhaea. Codamin (Aoſ-dam-in) [kóðeta, the head; poppy-head; amin J, C20H23NO,. A crystalline alkaloid of opium, isomeric with laudanin. When ferric chlorid is added to it, it assumes a deep-green color. It is easily saponified, even It is used in the manufacture of candles Codein (AEo/-den) [kóðeta, the poppy-head], Cls H31NO3- H.O. A white, crystalline alkaloid of opium. It is mildly calmative and is serviceable in diabetes mel- litus. It is also valuable in ovarian pain. Dose gr. SS—ij. C. Phosphate, soluble in water. Similar to morphin in action, but less toxic. Dose, hypodermi- cally, gr. ss. C. Sulphas, dose gr. 56–94. C. Valeri- anate, an antispasmodic and sedative. Dose gr. 34. Codex (Ao’-deks) [L. : A/., Codices]. A pharmacopeia or book of formulae; specifically, the French pharma- Copela. - Codie Pine Resin. See Cowdie-gum. Codonostoma (Żo-do-nos/-to-mah) [Röðoy, a bell; a Tóua, a mouth]. In biology, applied to the oral or disc aperture of certain marine invertebrates, medusae, etc. Coelelminth (se/-/e/-minth). See Celelminth. Coelia (se/-/e-a/). See Celia. Coeliac (se/-/e-aſſ). See Celiac. Coeliaca (se-li’-ak-ah). See Celiaca. Coeliadelphus (se-le-ad-e/-fus). See Celiadelphus. Coeliagra (se-le-a/-grah). See Celiagra. Coelialgia (se-le-a/-je-ah). See Celialgia. Coelian, Coeline (se/-/e-an, se/-/in). See Ce/ean, Celine. Coeliocyesis (se-le-o-si-e'-sis). See Ceſiocyesis. Coeliolymph (se'-le-o-limf). See Celiolymph. Coeliomyalgia (se-le-o-mi-a/-je-ah). See Celiomyalgia. Coelioncus (se-le-ong/-Kus). See Celioncus. Coelioplegia (se-le-o-p/e/-je-ah) [Koºia, the belly; Tām)”, a stroke]. A synonym of Asiatic cholera. Coeliopyosis (se-le-o-pi-o/-sis). See Celioſyosis. Coeliorrhoea (se-le-or-e'-ah). See Ceſiorrhea. Coelioschisis (se-le-os/-Ais-is). See Celioschisis. Coelioscope (se/-le-o-sköp). See Celioscope. Coeliotomy (se-le-of/-o-me). See Celiotomy. Coelitis (se-lèſ-tis). See Ce/itis. Coelodont (se/-/o-dont) [Koižoç, hollow ; bºoig, tooth]. Hollow-toothed, as certain lizards—the opposite of Aleodont, or solid-toothed. - Coelom, Coeloma (se/-lom, se-lo’-mah). See Celom. Coelophlebitis (se-losſle-bi’-tis). See Cºſophlebitis. Coelophthalmia (se-/off-tha/-me-ah). See Ce/ophthal- 7/2262. Coelosis (se-/o/-sis). See Celosis. Coelosoma (se-lo-so’-mah). See Celosoma. Coelosperm (se/-lo-sperm) [Koizog, hollow ; oréppa, seed]. In biology, a seed so curved as to form a con- cavity on one of its surfaces. COELOSTOMIA Coelostomia (se-lo-sto/-ſee-a/). See Celos/omia. Coelumbrella (sel-um-bre/-ä/) [koižog, hollow ; um- brella, the disc of acalephs]. In biology, the con- cave surface of the gelatinous umbrella of Medusae. Coenenchyma (se-meng’-Aim-ah) [Kotwóg, common ; Šyxeiv, to infuse]. In biology, the calcified tissue common to the several polyps of a compound Acti- nozoön. Coenesthesis (sen-es-theſ-sis). See Cenesthesis. Coenobium (se-mo/-be-um) [Kolvög, common; Bioc, life]. In biology, a composite zoöphyte or any colony of independent cells held together by a common invest- nnent. Coenoblast (se/-no-blast) [Kolvög, common; 3%açTóc, a germ]. In biology, the primitive germinal layer, giving rise to the endoderm and mesoderm. Coenoecium (se-ne/-se-um) [Kolvög, common ; alkoç a dwelling]. In biology, the common dermal system of a polyzoan colony. The polypidom of Johnson. Coenosarc (se/-no-sarā) [Kotvög, common; Gápé, flesh]. In biology, Allman’s term for the “common living basis by which several polyps in a composite zoö- phyte are connected with one another.” Coenosteum (se-nos/-te-um) [Kotvög, common; borečv, bone]. In biology, the calcareous ectoderm of hy- drocorallines. Coenotype (se/-no-fift) [ kolvóg, common; TúToc, type]. The fundamental type-form of a group. Coenurus (se-mür’-us) [kotvög, common; oipá, tail]. The larva of Tenia canurus, Küchenmeister, pro. ducing the disease of sheep called staggers. See also A//ernations of Generation. C. cerebralis, a many- headed hydatid found mainly in the brain and spinal canal of the ox and sheep (mostly in young animals). Occasionally it has been discovered in the muscles of man. It is now known to be the larva of the tape- worm, Tenia conurus. See Parasites (Animal), Zable of Coeroulignone (se-ru-lig’-nón) [carruleus, blue; lig- num, wood], CºgPIIGOs. Cedriret; a derivative of hexa-oxidi-phenyi. It separates as a violet powder when crude wood-spirit is purified on a large scale by means of potassium chromate. It is insoluble in the ordinary solvents, and is precipitated in fine, steel-blue needles, from its phenol solution, by alcohol or ether. Coffee (Aof Z-e). See Caffea. C.-bean, Kentucky, the popular name for Gymnocladus canadensis. C.- ground Vomit, the material ejected by emesis in carcinoma and ulceration of the stomach and other gastric conditions. It consists of blood and other contents of the stomach changed by the action of the gastric juice. C.-tree, Kentucky. See Chicoſ. Coffeinism (Æof '-e-in-izm) [caffea, coffeej. Excessive habitual use of coffee, or the state of ill-health that results from it. Coffer Dam, Barnum's. See A’zebber Dam. Coffeurin (Aoſ-e-u/-rin) [caffea, coffee; oipov, urine]. A principle said to sometimes be present in urine after the free use of coffee as a beverage or medicine. The urine then has the odor of coffee, and its color is red, brownish, or deep-brown. Coffin (Aof '-in) [Kópavog, a basket]. I. A case in- tended to hold the dead body. 2. In farriery, the hollow portion of a horse's hoof. C.-birth, post- mortem expulsion of the fetus. C.-bone, the last or distal phalanx of a horse's foot. - Coffinism (40//-in-izm) [after Dr. Coffin, who advo- cated it]. A variety of quackery or professed system of medical practice. It resembles so-called Thom- sonianism. Cogged Breath-sound. Cog-wheel breathing. See Cog-wheel Sound. respiration or 308 COKE Cogwheel Breathing or Respiration. See Cogwhee! Sound and Area/h-sounds. C. Sound, a pathologic sound sometimes heard in auscultation of the lungs, due to interruptions in the accession of air to a part; this gives the sound an intermitting character. See Areath-Sounds. - Cohabitation (Ao-hab-it-a/-shun) habitare, to dwell]. and woman, with or without legal marriage, connection. Cohen's Method. A method of inducing premature labor. It consists in injecting fluid into the uterine cavity between the uterine wall and the ovum. See Treatment, Methods of Cohesion (Åo-he/-2/un) [cohaerere, to stick together]. The force whereby molecules of matter adhere to each other. The “attraction of aggregation.” Cohn's Fluid. A fluid culture-medium. It is com- posed of potassium phosphate, O. I gm.; magnesium sulphate, O. I gm.; tricalcic phosphate, O.OI gm.; dis- tilled water, 20 gm.; anmonium tartrate, O.2 gm. Cohnheim's Areas. See Area. C. Fields. See Cohn- heim’s Areas. C. Frog. See Salf-frog. C. Method, a method of staining tissues. See Stains, Table of C. Theory, a theory as to the origin of tumors; a satisfactory hypothesis, namely, to the effect that all true tumors are due to faulty embryonal development. The embryonal cells do not undergo the normal changes, are displaced, or are superfluous. When the favorable conditions are presented later in life they take on growth, with the formation of tumors of various kinds. Cohnstein's Operation. See Operations, Table of Cohobation (Åo-ho-ba/-shun) [cohobare, to redistill. I. Redistillation. 2. Recurrence of disease. Cohosh (40/-hosh) [Am. Ind.]. A name given to several medicinal plants. C., Black. See Cimicifuga. C., Blue. See Caulophy//um. Coil (koil) [colligere, to gather together]. Rings formed by winding, as a wire. C.-gland. See Sweat-gland. C., Induction, rolls of wire in which an electric cur- rent is induced by the alternate opening and closing of a circuit. C., Leiter’s. See Zeiſer's Złºbes. C., Ruhmkorff, an induction-coil, or spark-coil. Coiling (koi/-ing) [colligere, to bind together]. Form- ing into spirals or rings. C. of the Cord. See Cord. [con, together; The living together of a man Sexual Coíndication (£o-in-de-ka/-shun) [con, with ; indicare, to indicate]. A concurrent indication ; a collateral and confirmatory indication. Cf. Contraindication. Coin-test (&oin'-test). See Baccelli's Sign, and Bell. Sound. * Coir (Air) [Tamil, Aayaru, a rope]. fiber. Coiter's Corrugator. The corrugator supercilii. See Muscles, Table of See Cocoanut- Coition (40-ish/-un) [coire, to come together]. Same as Coitus. Coitus (Åo/-it-us) [ coire, to come together]. The act of sexual connection. Copulation. C. Disease, the venereal disease of the horse. C. reservatus, con- gressus interruptus; incomplete copulation ; the in- complete performance of the sexual act; onanism. Coix (Āo/-īās) [kót;, an Egyptian variety of palm]. A genus of coarse monecious grasses. C. lacrima, an old-world species of grass, having very large and hard seeds, called Job’s tears, from which beads are made which are worn as amulets, and are thought to assist the process of dentition when bitten upon by young teething children. The seeds are used locally for lung-troubles and for dropsy. Unof. Coke (AOA) [origin uncertain]. The solid product of the carbonization of coal. COKO DISEASE Coko Disease (40/-ko dis-ez/). A name applied in the Fiji Islands to a disease resembling Yaws. Cola (ko'-lah). See Kola-nut. Colalgia (Ao-la/-je-ah) [kóżov, the colon; āWyoc, pain]. Pain in the great intestine. Colation (£o-la/-shun) [colare, to strain]. tion of straining. Colatorium (ko/-at-o'-re-um) [L]. A sieve, colander, or strainer; used in pharmacy. Colature (AEo'-lat-yūr) [colatura, straining]. In phar- macy, a liquid that has been subjected to colation. Colchicein (Aol-chis-eſ-in) [Kożyłków, colchicum], Cir- H, NO,--2H,C). A crystalline decomposition-product of colchicin. Colchicin (AoA'-chis-in) [ko%2tków, colchicum], Cin Hig- NOs. An alkaloid of colchicum ; it is a pale, brown- ish-yellow, exceedingly bitter powder, freely soluble in water. It is a very active poison. Its dose is gr. rºw or 3 milligram, hypodermatically. Colchicum (Æol/-chik-um) [ko%2.1Köv, colchicum : gen, Colchici]. Meadow Saffron. The corm and seed of C. autumnale, with properties due to an alkaloid, colchicizz. It is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and drastic cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout, and is used with good results in gonorrhea. Dose of the pow- dered root gr. ij-viij, of the powdered seeds gr. j—v. C., Extract. (B.P.). Dose gr. ss—ij. C., Extract., Aceticum (B. P.). Dose gr. ss—ij. C. Rad., Ext., dilute acetic acid 35, powdered root IOO parts, water q. s. Dose gr. V4-ij. C. Rad., Ext., Fld. Dose mij–x. C. Rad., Vinum, 40 per cent. in strength. Dose my—xv. C. Sem., Ext., Fld. Dose muj-v. C. Sem., Vinum, I5 per cent. in strength. Dose The opera- mux-xxx. C., Tinct., prepared from the seed; strength 15 per cent. Dose mux-xxx. C., Vinum (B.P.). Dose mux-xxx. Colcothar (AoA'-ko-thar) [ML.]. A crude sesquioxid of iron ; red oxid of iron ; a tonic and hemostatic. Unof. See also Pigments, Conspected of Cold (Áold) [AS., ceald J. I. The comparative want of heat. 2. A term used popularly for coryza and catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract. Cold is employed largely in various forms as a therapeutic agent, mainly for the purpose of lowering temperature and allay- ing irritation and inflammation. It may be used in the form of affusion, that is, the sudden application of a considerable volume of cold water to the body. This application of the cold douche is contraindicated in all cases of extreme weakness, with feeble pulse, Cold may be used as an anesthetic (see Anesthetic); in baths (see Bath); in the form of compresses applied over the affected part; in the form of irrigation, especially in the treatment of bruised and injured members; as a lotion, for the purpose of relieving local heat, pain, and swelling; as an injection, in the form of ice-water, into the vagina or rectum, for various conditions; and as the cold pack, which is a valuable means of reducing the body-temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. The patient is wrapped in a sheet wrung out of cold water; as this becomes warm, it is replaced by a fresh cold one, or iced water may be poured upon it, or lumps of ice placed upon and around it. When the temperature is reduced the wet sheet should be removed and a light covering applied, but not a blanket. This is not as efficacious as the cold bath. Cold may be applied in the dry form by means of the ice-cap or ö/adder, an india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow, or a freezing mixture. C. Abscess. See Abscess. C.-blooded. See Poži/othermic. C. on the Chest, bronchial catarrh, 7. v. C. Coil. See Zeiter's Coils. C. Cream. See Rosa. C. Freckles. See Zentigo. C. Pack. See Cold. C. Plague. Synonym of 309 COLIC Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. C. Sore, same as Fever- b/ister. C. Spots. See Z emperature Sense. C. Stroke, a condition, the analogue of heat-stroke, in which from excessive cold the patient is suddenly over- \ come and falls into a comatose state, shortly followed, as a rule, by death. C. Test, a test applied chiefly to lubricating oils to determine the point at which the oil begins to congeal, and ceases to flow. Colectomy (AEo-le/-to-me) [kóżov, colon; £ktopuſ, cut- ting out]. Excision of a portion of the colon. Coleitis &: [Kożeóg, sheath; 4Taç, inflamma- tion]. Vaginitis. Coleocele (40/-e-o-se/) [Kożeóg, sheath; km2%, tumor]. Vaginal tumor or hernia. Coleophyl (Æol/-e-o-ſil) [kożeóg, sheath; piž20v, leaf J. In biology, the investing sheath of the monocotyle- donous plumule. Coleoptosis (Aol-e-op-Zo'-sis) [kożeóg, sheath; Trôatc, a fall]. Prolapse of the vaginal wall. Coleorhiza (Aol-e-or-i/-zah) [kożeóg, sheath; higa, root]. In biology, a sheath that envelops the radicle in some embryos and through which roots penetrate when the seed germinates. Coleorrhexis (Aoſ-e-or-eks/-īs) [Kożeóc, a sheath; 57;ig, a rupture]. Rupture of the vagina. Coleostegnosis (4.0/-e-o-stag-noſ-sis) [Kożeóç, a sheath; a Téyvoortg, a constriction]. Contraction or atresia of the vagina. . Colic (AoA'-ié) [colicus, Kożukóc, pertaining to the colon]. I. Pertaining to the colon. 2. A severe griping pain in the bowels or adjacent organs, as, e.g., hepatic, 72ephritic, etc. In intestinal colic the pains radiate over the abdomen from the region of the umbilicus. The belly is usually distended (save in Lead-coſic, q. v.), and pressure will usually relieve the pain. Colic may be due to irritation from the intestinal contents, a diseased condition of the bowel-wall, re. flex irritation from other abdominal viscera, and general blood-poisoning. C. of the Antilles, an ende- mic form of colic somewhat resembling lead-colic. C. Arteries. See Arſeries, Zab/e of. C., Biliary. See Gall-stones. C., Bilious. See C., AEndemic. C., Copper, a colic or pain in the intestinal canal seen in workers in copper, and differing from lead colic in being attended with extreme prostration and diar- rhea. The duration is short and the prognosis favor- able. C., Cramp. See Cramp. C., Devonshire. Synonym of C., Zead. C., Dry. See C., AEndemic. Also a synonym of C., Zead. C., Endemic, a variety of colic occurring epidemically in some of the inter- tropical countries. Its symptoms resemble those of lead-colic. It is not accompanied by any constant lesion; it lasts from eight to fifteen days and may end in general paralysis and death, or it may become chronic. Relapses are frequent. C., Hill. See Bill Diarrhea. C., Horn. Synonym of Priapism. C., Lead, or C., Saturnine, or Colica Pictonum, fainter’s colic, is that due to lead-poisoning. It is common among those who use or work with lead. It is characterized by excruciating abdominal pain, a hard and retracted condition of the abdomen, slow pulse, and increased arterial tension. C., Madrid. Synonym of C., Zead. C., Meconial, the colic of the new-born. C., Menstrual, the pain of menstrua- tion. C., Mucous. See Anferiffs, ſºsetta'o-membra- 7zotts. C., Nervous. See C., Andemic C., Nor- mandy. Synonym of C., Zead. C. of Poitou. Synonym of C., Zead. C. Root. See Ale/ris and AXioscorea. C., Sailors', a form of colic common among sailors. C. of Surinam. Synonym of C., Zead. C., Uterine, colic-like pains experienced at the menstrual epochs, often coming on in paroxysms. COLICA C., West Indian. Synonym of C., Lead. C., Zinc, a form of colic due to chronic zinc-poisoning. Colica (kol/-ić-ah) [L.]. Colic. C. pictonum (liter- ally, colic of the people of Poitou), lead-colic, Paint- ers’ Colic. See Colic, Lead. C. pituitosa. Syno- nym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membranous. C." scorto- rum, a pain in the pelvis of youthful prostitutes, symp- tomatic of the ovarian disease that results from their unnatural sexual relations. It is due probably to a pyosalpinx. Colicodynia (Aol-ik-o-dim/-e-ah). intestine. Colicoplegia (Aol-ik-o-ple/-je-ah) [Kożucóc, pertaining to the colon ; tāmyń, a stroke]. Paralysis of the intes- tines. Also a synonym of Zead-coſic. Pain in the large Colitis (Ao-li/-tis) [kóżov, the large intestine; trug, in- Inflammation of the colon. See also Aysentery. C., Mucous. See AEnteritis, Pseudo- membranous. C., Pellicular. A synonym of Mem- ôyazzozas A'zzferitis. Collagen (£o/-aj-en) [kó%a, glue; Yevváelv, to pro- duce]. A substance existing in various tissues of the body, especially bone and cartilage; it is converted into gelatin by boiling. Collapse (40/-aps') [collabere, to fall together]. Extreme depression and prostration from failure of nervous force, as in cholera, shock, hemorrhage, etc. C. of Lung, return of a portion or the whole of a lung to its fetal or airless condition from some mechanical hindrance to the entrance of air. It is characterized by dyspnea, with more or less cyanosis, and is mainly encountered in broncho-pneumonia. C., Parturient, parturient apoplexy ; vitular or vitulary fever; puer- peral fever in cows. Collapsing (AoA-aps/-ing) [collabere, to fall together]. Suddenly breaking down. C. Pulse. See Cor- rigan's Pulse. Collapsus (Åo/-afts/-24s) [L.]. Collapse. entire collapse of the cornea. Collar (ko/-ar) [ME., coler]. Something worn about the neck. C., Adjusting, in microscopes, a ring or collar acting on a screw to increase or decrease the distance between the systems of lenses of an objective. C.-bone. See Clavicle. C.-cell, in biology, a flagellate cell having the base of the flagellum sur- rounded by a collar-like extension of the cell-wall. C.-crown, in dentistry, an artificial crown, to be en- grafted on a natural root, attached to which is a gold collar which encircles the exposed portion of the root, and is soldered to the lining or backing that holds the dowel, or to the dowel by means of a disc between the base of the artificial crown and the natural root. Collateral (Ao/-at/-er-a/) [com, together; lateralis, of the side]. I. Accessory or secondary; not direct or immediate. 2. One of the first branches of an axis cylinder passing at right angles. Collecting Tubes of the Kidney. A name given to the ducts discharging into the calices of the kidneys. Collector (Åo/-eč/-for) [collectare, to collect]. A de- vice by which any number of cells may be taken from or added to an electric current. Collenchyma (40/-eng/-Aim-ah) [kó%a, glue; £yxvua, an infusion]. In biology, applied to a modified plant- parenchyma in which the cells are thickened at the angles, and swell in water to a glue-like mass. Collenchyme (Äol-eng/-Kim) [kó%a, glue ; Śyxvua, an infusion]. In biology, a colorless gelatinous matrix in which are embedded the collencytes of sponges. Collencyte (Äo/-en-sit) [ko%a, glue; #v, in ; KöTog, cell]. In biology, the branched connective-tissue cells embedded in the collenchyme of sponges. Colles' Fascia. The deep layer of the perineal flammation]. C. corneae, 310 COLLODION fascia. It is attached to the base of the triangular ligament, to the anterior lips of the rami of the pubes and ischia laterally, and anteriorly it is continuous with the fascia of the scrotum. C. Fracture. See Aºracture, and Diseases, Table of C. Law. See Mazv. C. Ligament. See Ligament. C. Opera- tion. See Operations, Table of Collet (šo/-et) [Fr. ; collum, the neck]. A neck or collar. A term applied by some writers on dental anatomy to the neck of a tooth. Colleterium (kol-et-e'-re-um) [ko%mróg, glued to- gether]. In biology, a gland in certain insects that secretes a viscid substance for gluing the ova together. Colletic (Kol-et/-ić) [ko%mTukóg; K6%a, glue]. Gluey; promoting surgical union in wounds. Colletocystophore (Áo-let-o-sis/-to-ſor) [ko%mråg, one who glues; küorig, bladder; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, marginal bodies found in lucernarian hydro- ZO2.IlS. Colliculus (Åo/-i}/-u-lus) [dim. of collis, hill: 2/., Colliculi J. Any eminence of the cerebral parietes. The colliculi are the caudatum, hippocamp, calcar, collateral eminence, occipital eminence, and amyg- daline eminence. Collidin (AoA'-id-in) [kóż%a, glue], CsPIn N. A name given to Nencki’s ptomaine-base, isomeric but not identical with aldehyd-collidin. The ptomaîne was obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed to putrefy together in water. Its constitution is still unknown. The free base is oily, and possesses a peculiar, agree- able odor. Nencki believed it an aromatic base. Its physiologic action appears to be doubtful, but an isomer of it discovered in ox-blood fibrin and in putrefied jelly-fish has a poisonous effect resembling that of curara. Frogs poisoned by the isomer emit an orange-flower odor. Nencki’s collidin is isomeric with collidin obtained from coal-tar. Collier's Lung. Synonym of Anthracosis. Collilongus (Åol-e-long/-gus) [collum, neck; longus, long]. The muscle called longus colli. See Muscles. Collimator (Åo/-im-a-tor) [collimare, to aim at]. The receiving telescope of a spectroscope. Collin's Black, C.H.N. A name for Anilin Black, employed in staining microscopic sections. Collinsonia (Aol-in-so'-ne-ah) [after Peter Collinson, an English gentleman]. A genus of labiate herbs. C. canadensis (stone-root, heal-all), is a coarse plant with a disagreeable smell; it has useful tonic, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties. Dose gr. xv-lx in decoc- tion; of the fluid extract mux–3.j; of the tincture (I in Io) 3 SS—ij. Collinsonin (£ol-in-so'-min) [Collinsonia]. A precipitate from the tincture of the root of Collinsonia canadensis. It is tonic, diaphoretic, resolvent, and diuretic. Dose 2 to 4 grains. Unof. Colliquation (Åol-ik-wa/-shum) [con, together; liquare, to melt]. The liquefaction or breaking down of a tissue or organ. º Colliquative (Äo/-ić/-wa-fiv) [con, together; liquare, to melt]. Exhausting; enfeebling; copiously pro- fuse or excessive; marked by excessive fluid dis- charge. C. Diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea. C. Necrosis, a high degree of inflammatory process in the tissues, with active movement of the leucocytes toward the central focus and rapid breaking down of the tissues, forming an abscess-cavity. C. Sweat, a profuse, clammy sweat. - Collocystis (Áol-o-sis/-tis) [Kö%a, glue; kiotic, cysts]. A gelatin capsule to facilitate the swallowing of a drug. - cºlon (£ol-o'-de-on) [ko%ómg, glue-like]. See Pyroxylin. " COLLODIUM Collodium (Æol-o'-de-um). See Pyroxylin. Colloid (Áo/-oid) [kó%a, glue]. I. A non-crystalliza- ble and generally insoluble organic substance. See Dialysis. 2. A mobile pathologic material, jelly-like, firmer than mucus, and differing in its reactions from albumin and from lardacein. 3. Having the nature of glue. 4. In chemistry, amorphous and non-crystal- line. C. Cancer. See Cancer. C. Degeneration of the Skin, a rare disease, occurring chiefly on the upper part of the face, in the form of small, glistening, translucent, flattish elevations, and yielding by pres- sure a small, jelly-like mass. C. Milium. See Mil- 22/7/2. - Colloma (&ol-o'-mah) [kó%a, glue; 6/la, a tumor; pl., Collomata]. A cystic tumor containing a gelatiniform, amorphous, and non-vascular substance. Collonema (kol-o-me/-mah) [kó%a, glue; viſua, tissue: pl. , Collomemata]. Myxoma, or myxosarcoma. Collum (Æo/-um) [L.]. The neck; especially the anterior part of the neck. C. distortum. Synonym of Zor/ico//7s. - - Collunarium (Æol-un-a/-re-um) [L.]. A nasal douche. Collyrium (Æol-ir’-e-um) [ko%iptov, an eye-salve; pl., Collyria]. An astringent, antiseptic, or medicinal lotion for the eyes. More rarely, a vaporous or gase- ous medicament for application to the eyes, or even a powder, or solid, to be used in treating the eye topically, is called a collyrium. (Anciently, any suppository or medicated bougie was thus called.) C. adstringens luteum. See Graefe’s Collyrium and Horst’s Eye-water. Coloboma (Żol-o-bo/-mah) [ko%066etv, to mutilate: žl., Colobomata]. A cleavage or fissure of parts of the eye, of congenital or traumatic origin. Congenital C. are due to imperfect closure of fissures during fetal development. C., Bridge, a variety in which the pupil is separated from the coloboma by a narrow thread of iris-tissue that stretches like a bridge from one pillar of the coloboma to the other. Colocentesis (Äol-o-sen-te/-sis) [kóżov, colon; Kévrmouc, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the colon. Colocleisis (£ol-o-Ali/-sis) [kóżov, colon; kāeiotç, clo- sure]. Occlusion of the colon. Colocynth (AoA'-o-sinth). See Colocynthus. Colocynthein (Åol-o-sim/-the-in ) [kożokvvöic, colo- cynth], Cº. He Ols. A resinous decomposition-product of colocynthin. Colocynthin (kol-o-sin'-thin) [Kožokvv6íg, colocynth], Css HsiO2s. The active principle of colocynth; an extract, or a yellow amorphous, neutral, exceedingly bitter powder, soluble in water and alcohol, but not in ether. It is an irritant hydragogue cathartic. Dose gr. I}4 to I. Unof. Colocynthis (Kol-o-sin'-this) [Kožokvv6ic, colocynth]. Colocynth. The fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, from which the seeds and rind have been rejected. Its properties are due to a bitter glucosid, colocynthin, Caº HsO.s, the dose of which is gr. 36-4. It is a tonic and astringent pur- gative, and is used mainly as an ingredient of compound cathartic pills. It is somewhat useful in colic, sciatic rheumatism, and neuralgia. C., Ext., alcoholic. Dose gr. 4-ij. C., Ext., Comp., contains colocynth ex- tract 16, aloes 50, cardamom 6, resin of scammony I4, Soap I4, alcohol IO. Dose gr. v-xx. C., Pilula Comp. (B. P.) contains colocynth, aloes, scammony, sulphate of potassium and oil of cloves. Dose gr. v-x. Pilulae Cathartic. Comp., compound cathartic pills; contain each, comp. ext, of colocynth gr. 1.3, ab- stract jalap gr. j, calomel gr. j, gamboge gr. 34. Dose j-iij pills. Pil. catharticae vegetabiles, contain colo- Cynth, hyoscyamus, jalap, leptandra, resin of podophyl- lum, oil of peppermint. Pil. colocynth ethyoscyam. 311 COLOR Dose gr. v-x. Laville's Anti-gout Remedy, con- tains colocynthin 2%, quinin, cinchonin aa 5, Span- ish wine 8oo, alcohol IOO, water IOOO parts. Colocynthitin (Æol-o-sin'-thit-in) [Kožokvvtic, colo- cynth]. A crystalline, tasteless, inactive principle of colocynth. Colo-enteritis (Aol-o-en-ter-i/-tis) ëvrepov, an intestine; attſ, inflammation]. tion of the small and large intestine. colitis. Cologne (£ol-ân/). [ kóżov, colon; Inflamma- See A.7zfero- See Spiritus odorateds. C. Spirit, rectified commercial alcohol. C. Glue. See G/ue. C.-water, aqua cologniensis. See Spiritus odoratus. C.-water Habit, the use of cologne-water as a drink for the purpose of experiencing the effects of the alcohol which it contains. Colognese (Äol-ān-ez/). Same as Omber. Colomba, Colombo (Áo/-om/-bah, Ao/-om/-bo). Calumóa. Colomiatti, Bacillus of. See Bacteria. Colon (Åo'-lon) [kóżov, Kö%0v, the colon]. The secon- and principal part of the large intestine. In the various parts of its course it is known as the ascending C., the transverse C., the descending C., and the sig- moid ſexure. º Colonia (Ao-ſon-i/-ah). Synonym of Dysentery. Colonic (ko-lon/-i}) [kóżov, the colon]. Pertaining to the colon. Colonitis (Ao-lon-iſ-tis). See Colitis. Colony (AEo/-o-me) [colonia, a colony]. A collection or assemblage, as of microörganisms in a special culture. C. Treatment, for the insane. See Ghee/ System. Colophony Resin (Åo/-o-fo-ne) [Kožojów, a city of Ionia]. Rosin. The solid residue left on distilling off the volatile oil from crude turpentine. Rosin is a brittle, tasteless, very friable solid, of smooth, shining fracture, specific gravity about I.O8. It softens at 80° C. (176° F.), and fuses completely to a limpid, yellow liquid at 135° C. (275° F.). It is insoluble in water, with difficulty soluble in alcohol, freely soluble in ether, acetone, benzene, and fatty oils. See A’esin. Coloproctia (Aol-o-proA/-te-ah) [kóżov, colon; TpokTóg, anus]. The formation of an artificial colonic anus, Colopuncture (Áo/-o-punk/-chur) [kóżov, colon; punc- tura, puncture]. Same as Colocentesis. Coloquintida (Kol-o-kwin/-fid-ah) [ML.]. An old name for colocynth. Color (Aul/-er) [color, color]. The differences in the appearance of a thing seen, other than those due to form and relief. The tint or hue of an object, de- pendent upon the number of vibrations of the ethereal stimulus. See Pigment. C.-blindness. See Blind- ness. C., Complementary, any color that added to another color, or to a mixture of colors, produces white. C.-contrast, any two colors that, when mixed, supplement the prevailing tone of the light. C.-cure, the supposed therapeutic effect of exposure to variously colored light. C.-hearing, the excitation of the visual center for color through the auditory nerve ; the perception of sound photisms. See Photism. C.- image, an image of a highly-colored object lighted with so wide an aperture that the refraction-images are drowned in the light, C.-sensation, depends on the number of vibrations of the ether, the same as the pitch of a note depends on the number of vibrations of the sounding body. Hering's Theory of C-s pre- dicates disassimilation and assimilation (decomposition and restitution) of the visual substance in vision— white, red, and yellow representing the sensation of disassimilation, black, green, and blue that of restitu- tion. The Young-Helmholtz Theory assumes three See COLORECTITIS kinds of nerve-elements corresponding to the three primary colors. Stimulation of the first develops red, of the second, green, of the third, violet. See Photism. C.-sense, the faculty by which the various colors are distinguished. C.-top, a top containing on the sectors of its disc a number of colors to be “mixed ” by rapid whirling. Colors, Mixed, those produced when the retina is excited by two or more simple colors. C., Saturated, those containing little or no white. C., Simple, those of the spectrum. Colorectitis (Äo-lo-reſº-fi/-tis) [kóżov, colon; rectus, straight; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the colon and rectum. Also, a synonym of Dysentery. Colorectostomy (AEo-lo-rek-tosſ-to-me) [kóżov, colon; zectus, straight; otóua, a mouth]. The surgical establishment of a passage between the colon and the reCtum. Colorimeter (kull-or-im/-et-er) [color, color; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for determining the quan- tity of coloring matter in a mixture, as in the blood. See Azemzochromeometer. Colorin (Aul/-or-in) [color, color]. An alcoholic extract of madder. See Pigments, Conspectus of Coloring (... -or-ing) [color, color]. A tint or combi- nation of colors. C. Matters. See Pigments, Colors, and ZX/e-stuffs. Colostomy (40-los/-to-me) [kóżov, colon; otópla, open- ing]. I. The formation of an artificial anus by an opening into the colon; coloproctia. 2. Any surgical operation upon the colon that makes a perma- ment opening into it, whether internal or external. Colostration (Æol-os-tra/-shun) [colostrum, the first milk after delivery]. A disease or illness of young infants ascribed to the effects of the colostrum. Colostric (ſºo/-os/-trik) [colostrum, the first milk after delivery]. Relating to colostrum. Colostrous (Åo/-os/-trus) [colostrum, the first milk after delivery]. Of the nature of or containing colostrum. Colostrum (Æol-os/-trum) [L.]. The first milk from the mother’s breasts after the birth of the child. It is laxative, and assists in the expulsion of the meconium. C. Corpuscles, small microscopic bodies contained in the colostrum. They are the epithelial cells of the mammary glands, full of oil globules. After about the third day these cells burst and set free the fat globules before they leave the gland, and in this way the true milk is formed. Colotomy (AEo-lof/-o-me) [kóżov, colon; Tāuverv, to cut]. Incision of the colon, either abdominal, latera/, /u/z- Aar, or inguina/, according to the region of entrance. Colotyphus (Åo/-o-fi/-fus) [kóżov, colon; Túpog, smoke]. Enteric fever with involvement of the colon. Also a synonym of /2/sentery. Colpalgia (AoA-pa/-je-a/.) [kó%Toç, vagina; &Wyog, pain]. Vaginal pain or neuralgia. Colpaporrhexis (Kol-ſºap-or-re/s/-īs) [kó%trog, vagina; âtró, from ; biºtç, a tearing, or breakage]. Severance of the cervix from the body of the uterus. Colpatresia (AEo/-fat-re/-se-a/.) [kóWTog, vagina; &rpmroç, not perforated]. Occlusion or atresia of the vagina. Colpectasia (Aol-peſº-ta/-se-ah) [kó%trog, vagina; Škraotº, a stretching out]. Vaginal dilatation. Colpedema (Kol-fed-e'-mah) [kó%trog, vagina; oiómua, swelling]. Edema of the vagina. Colpemphraxis (Aol-fem-fra/s/-īs) [kó%Tog, vagina; Suppaštſ, a stoppage]. Obstruction of the vagina. Colpeurynter (Aol-fu-rin/-ter)[kóżTog, vagina; eiptively, to widen]. An inflatable bag or sac used for dilating the vagina. - Colpeurysis (£o/puſ-ris-ás) [kóżToç, vagina; eipinelv, to dilate]. by the colpeurynter. 312 Vaginal dilatation, especially that effected COLTSFOOT Colpitis (Kol-pi/-tis)[kóAtoc, vagina; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. Colpocele (&ol/-po-sel, or se/-/e) [kó%toc, vagina; km2%, ^ tumorſ. Hernia or tumor in the vagina. Colpocleisis (£o/-po-Ali/ †: [K6%Tog, vagina; ſcheiotç, a closure]. The surgical closure of the vagina. Colpocystic (Kol-po-sis/-tić) [kóWTog, vagina; küorig, bladder]. Relating to the vagina and the bladder; vesico-vaginal. Colpocystitis (£ol-po-sis-ti'-tis) [kóżTog, vagina; küorig, bladder; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina and the bladder. Colpocystocele (kol-po-sis/-to-sel) [kó%Tog, vagina; küotic, a bladder; km2%, a tumor]. A hernia of the bladder into the vagina, with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall. Colpocystosyrinx (Āol-po-sis-to-sir/-ingás) [kó%troc, vagina; Küortç, cyst; oipty;, pipel. Vesico-vaginal fistula. Colpocystotomia (£ol-po-sis-to-to'-me-ah). cystotomy. Colpocystotomy (AEol-po-sis-tot/-o-me) [kó%trog, vagina; kilotic, bladder; tou%, a cut]. Surgical incision of the bladder through the vaginal wall. Colpohyperplasia (Kol-po-hi-per-pla/-ze-ah) [kó%trog, vagina; itép, over; Tââogetv, to form]. Hyperplasia of the vagina. . Colpo-hysterectomy (Aol-po-his-ter-e/-to-me) [kóżTog, vagina; botépa, womb; Šktouff, excision]. Removal of the uterus through the vagina. Colpo-hysterotomy (AEol-po-his-ter-of/-o-me) [kóżTog, vagina; botépa, womb ; Touff, section]. Surgical in- cision of the vagina and uterus. Colpoleukorrhea (Aol-po-lu-kor-e'-ah) [kó%trog, vagina; ŽevKóg, white; héetv, to flow]. Vaginal leucorrhea. Colpo-myomotomy (Kol-po-mi-o-mot/-o-me) [kóWTog, vagina ; plug, a muscle; Tôplvetv, to cut]. Vaginal myomotormy. Colpopathy (Kol-pop/-a-the) [K6%trog, vagina; Táffog, illness]. Any disease of the vagina. Colpoperineoplasty (Áo/po-per-in-e'-o-plas-te) [K6%Tog, vagina; Tepiveov, the perineum; Tââooeuv, to form]. Plastic operation for abnormality of the vagina and perineum. Colpoplastic (Kol-po-plas/-tić) [Kö%Tog, vagina; T260- oeuv, to form]. Relating to colpoplasty. Colpoplasty (Áo!’-po-plas-te) [kó%trog, vagina; Tââooetv, to form]. Plastic surgical operation upon the vagina. Colpoptosis (Áol-pop-do/-sis) [kó%Tog, vagina; TTógic, a falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. Colporrhagia (AEol-for-a/-je-ah) [kóżTrog, vagina; b/yvival, to burst forth]. Vaginal hemorrhage. Colporrhaphy (ćol-for’-a-ſe) [kó%toc, vagina; baph, seam]. Suture of the vagina. & Colporrhea (Aol-por-e'-a/.) [Kö%Tog, vagina; bota, a flow]. Vaginal leucorrhea; a mucous discharge from the vagina. Colporrhexis (Äol-por-e/-sis) [kó%trog, vagina; };tº, rupture]. Laceration or rupture of the vagina. Colpostegnosis (Áol-po-steg-mo/-sis) [kó%Tog, vagina ; oréyvootç, closure]. Same as Colpostenosis. Colpostenosis (AEol-po-sfe-no/-sis) [kó%trog, vagina; ore- vóg, narrow]. Stenosis or constriction of the vagina. Colpotomy (AEol-pot/-o-me) [kó%trog, vagina; Topſ, a cutting]. Surgical or obstetric incision of the vagina. Colpoxerosis (kol-po-ze-ro/-sis) [kó%trog, vagina; Šepôg, dry]. Morbid dryness of the vagina. - Colt-ill (4.3//-i/). See Strangles. Coltsfoot (Aoltz/-foot). The leaves of 7%issilago far- fara, a demulcent and tonic, sometimes prescribed for chronic cough. Dose of decoction, 3.j to Oj, a tea. cupful; of fli. ext, 3.j-ij. Unof. See Colpo- * COLUMBIN Columbin (hol-um'-bin). An active principle of Ca- lumba. It is a colorless crystalline substance of excessively bitter taste and neutral reaction. Columbo (Aol-um/ º See Calumbo. Columella (Aol-u-me/-ah) [L., a little column]. I. The column-like rod of birds and reptiles, a part of the organ of hearing, corresponding to the stapes of the higher animals. 2. The modiolus or central axis of the cochlea of the human ear. See Cochlea and Modiolus. C. res dentes; the cuspid teeth are so called from their shape. Column (ko/-um) [columna, a column]. A pillar or column. Applied to sundry column-like organs of the body, and especially to certain parts of the spinal cord. C., Anterior, the layer of white matter in either half #3 ºr " COLUMNS OF SPINAL CORD. A. C. Anterior commissure. P. C. Posterior commissure. I. g. s. Intermediate gray substance. L. L. L. Lateral limiting layer. P. cor. Posterior cornu. c. c. p. Caput cornu posterioris. 313 COMA roots. It contains the lateral pyramidal tract, the di- rect cerebellar tract, and the greater part of the anterior ground-fibers and antero-lateral ascending tract. C. of Morgagni, vertical folds of the rectal mu- cous membrane seen at the point of union of the latter with the skin of the anus. They diminish, but are not entirely effaced, when the bowel is distended. Between their lower ends little arches are sometimes found stretching from one to the other, forming pockets of skin and mucous membrane. These are the sinuses of Morgagni; they are more developed in old people. C., Posterior, a collection of white-matter situated in the spinal cord on either side between the posterior horns and posterior nerve-roots, and the posterior median fissure. It is divided into two parts by the imperfect intermediate septum, a narrow “pos- tero-median column,” and a wide “postero-external column.” C., Postero- external, the outer wider division of the posterior column of the cord ; the column of Burdach. C., Postero-median, the me- dian division of the poste- rior column of the cord ; the column of Goll. C. of Rolando, an eminence on the lateral border of the medulla oblongata. C. of Spitzka-Lissauer, in the spinal cord a group of nerve-fibers lying just in front and just behind the posterior horns or cornua. C., Posterior - vesicu- lar. See Co Zze m n of Clarke. C. of Türck, the anterior or direct pyramidal tract. Col- A.-L. A. T. Antero-lateral ascending tract, which extends along the periphery of the umns of the External cord. (Gowers.) of the spinal cord included between the anterior horn and anterior nerve-roots, and the anterior median fis- sure. It contains the anterior or direct pyramidal tract, a portion of the antero-lateral ascending tract, and a portion of the anterior ground-fibers. C., Antero - lateral Ascending. See C. of Gowers. C. of Burdach, the postero-external column of the cord. C. of Clarke, a column of gray substance oc- cupying, the region to the outer and posterior part of the central canal of the spinal cord, at the inner part of the base of the posterior cornu. It is most marked in the dorsal region, and contains fusiform cells, some furnished with axis-cylinder processes. It is also called the posterior vesicular column of the cord. C., Direct Cerebellar, in the spinal cord, is situated outside of the lateral pyramidal tract, and ventrad of the Spitzka- Lissauer column. It is sensory or afferent. C., Dor- so-mesal, a name for the postero-median column of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. C. of Goll, the postero-median column of the spinal cord. C., Gowers’, in the spinal cord, a bunch of fibers lying in front of the direct cerebellar tract and reaching around upon the periphery of the anterior pyramidal tract. It is probably a sensory column containing the nerves of pain and temperature. C., Lateral, the layer of white matter in either half of the spinal cord included between the posterior horn and posterior nerve-roots, and the anterior horn and anterior nerve- Abdominal Ring, the free borders of the apon- eurosis of the external oblique muscle. Columna (Āol-um/-nah) [L.]. A column or pillar. C. bertini, that part of the cortical structure of the kid- neys that separates the sides of any two pyramids, and through which the arteries and nerves enter, and the veins and lymphatics emerge. C. nasi, the antero- posterior septum between the nostrils. C. vertebralis, the spinal column. Columnae carneae, muscular col- umns projecting from the inner surface of the cardiac ventricles. Colytic (£o-lit"-ić) [Koźvrtkóc, preventive]. Prevent- ive; inhibitory; caused by an obstruction ; antiseptic. Coma (&o/-mah) [kóu), the hair of the head]. In bi- ology, any tuft, as the top of a pineapple, the hairs on the end of a seed, etc. Coma (&o'-mah) [köua, deep sleepl. , Abnormally deep and prolonged sleep, with the cerebral functions in abey- ance; it is due to many conditions affecting the cere- brum directly or indirectly. The well-marked form is characterized by stertorous breathing, relaxation of the sphincters, lividity of the face, and loss of parallelism of the optic axes. C., Alcohol, that due to poison- ing by alcohol. C., Apoplectic, that due to apoplexy. C. diaceticum, a form of coma occurring in carcinoma of the stomach and in diabetes. It is due to the pres- ence of diacetic acid in the system. It is also called Diabetic coma. C. Kussmaul's. See Aussmau/. C., Uremic, that due to uremia. C. Vigil, a comatose COMANIC ACID condition in which the patient lies with open eyes, but unconscious and delirious. This is occasionally met with in typhoid and typhus fevers, and in deli- rium tremens. Comanic Acid (40-man/-ić). See Acid. Comatose (Ao’-mat-ös) [köpia, a deep sleepj. dition of coma. Combination (Aom-bin-a/-shun) [combinare, to com- bine]. The act of grouping or uniting; chemic union. C.-back, in the microscope, the lens-system of an objective farthest from the object, composed of a plano-concave of flint glass and a bi-concave of crown glass, or a bi-concave and two bi-convex glasses. C.-front, in the microscope, the lens-system nearest the objective. Combustion (Åom-bus'-chun) [comburere, to burn up]. The process of oxidation, attended with the liberation of heat and sometimes of light. It is loosely used as a synonym of inflammation. C., Spontaneous, that due to heat from chemic changes, such as the spon- taneous ignition of oiled waste or shoddy in woolen mills, factories, etc. C., Spontaneous Human, the supposed burning of the body without the external application of heat. Comedo (Áom/-e-do) [comedo, a glutton : Āl., Comedones]. Grubs; Grub-worms; Black-heads. A chronic dis- order of the sebaceous glands characterized by yellow- ish or whitish pin-point and pin-head sized elevations, containing in their center exposed blackish points. They are found usually on the face, back of the neck, chest, and back, and are often associated with acne. They occur as a rule in the young. Occasionally a parasite, the ZOemodex folliculorum, a small mite, is found in each comedo. Comenic Acid (Áo-men/-ić). See Acid. Comes (Áo/-méz) [L.; pl., Comites]. A companion, as a vein or nerve to an artery. Comfrey (£um/-fre) [ME., cumfrie]. The root of Symphytum officinale, a demulcent, slightly astringent and tonic drug. It is a common ingredient of domes- tic cough-mixtures. Dose of the decoction indefinite; of the fld. ext, 3.j—ij. Unof. Comma-bacillus (Åom/-a/-bas-i/-us). Synonymatic Table of Commensal (Æom-em/-sa/) [com, together; memsa, table]. In biology, the harmonious living together of two animals or plants. One of two such organisms. Commi (Áom/-e) [Köppu, a gum]. Any gum ; the purgative gum-resin of Æxcacaria cochinchinensis, a tree of Indo-china. Comminution (Aom-in-la/-shun) [comminuſio, com- minuere, to break in pieces]. The process by which a solid body is reduced to pieces of varying sizes. It includes the various operations of cutting, rasping, grating, slicing, pulverizing, levigating, triturating, elutriating, granulating, etc. See, also, Fracture, Coſſumizzetted. Commissure, Commissura (Āom/-is-àr, Áom-is-me/- ra/h) [commit/ere, to unite]. A joining or uniting together. C., Anterior (of third ventricle), a rounded cord of white fibers placed in front of the anterior crura of the fornix. It perforates the corpus striatum on either side, and spreads out into the substance of the hemispheres over the roof of the descending horns of the lateral ventricles. C., Anterior White (of spina/ cord), a layer of fibers separating the posterior gray commissure from the bottom of the aterior median fissure. C., Gray (of spinal cord), the transverse band of gray matter connecting the crescentic masses of gray matter of each half of the spinal cord. C. magna, the corpus callosum. of soft gray matter connecting the optic thalami, and In a con- See Bacſeria, 314 C., Middle, a band , COMPLEXUS continuous with the gray matter lining the anterior part of the third ventricle. C., Optic, the union and crossing of the two optic nerves in front of the tuber cinereum. C., Posterior (of third ventricle), a flattened white band connecting the optic thalami posteriorly. C., Posterior White (of spinal cord), a band of fibers separating the gray commissure from the bottom of the posterior median fissure. Commissura brevis, a portion of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum, situated in the incisura posterior. C. simplex, a small lobe on the upper surface of the cerebellum near the incisura posterior. Common (kom/-um) [communis, common]. Belonging or pertaining to all. Prostitute. C. Black. See A gments, Conspectus of Commotio (kom-o'-she-o) [L.]. A commotion or shock. C. cerebri. Synonym of Shock. C. retinae, the name given to those cases in which a depreciation, or perhaps an entire loss of vision, follows a blow on or near the eye. It can be explained as the result of insensibility due to the same changes in the retina as occur in the central organ of patients suffering from concussion of the brain. Communicans (Äom-ze/-nik-ans)[L.]. Communicating. C. noni. See AVerves, Table of Communication (kom-te-nik-a/-shun) [communicare, to communicate]. I. The transference of a contagium from one person to another. 2. The channel between two or more parts. C.-plate, in biology, a perforated diaphragm between the zoöids of a composite actin- ozoön (the “Rosettemplatte ’’ of Reichert, and the Communication-pore of Smith) by means of which communication is maintained between all the cells in a colony and between all the compartments of the stolon in Polyzoa. C.-pore. See C.-plate. g Commutator (Åom/-u-ta-tor) [commutare, to exchange]. An instrument for automatically interrupting or revers- ing the flow of an electric current, making and break- ing it with desired frequency. See A/ectric. Comose (ko'-mós) [coma, hair]. Having much hair. Compass Plant (Aum/-pas plant). See Aºosin Weed. Compatibility (kom-pat-iö-i/-it-e) [compati, to suffer with]. The property of being compatible; suscepti- bility (as of different medicines) of being exhibited in the same solution with no loss of the desired effect, and without change in constitution. Compensating (Äom/-pen-sa-ting) [compensare, to com- pensate]. Making amends for. C. Ocular. See Oc- ze/ar. C. Operation, in ophthalmology, tenotomy of the associated antagonist in cases of diplopia from paresis of one of the ocular muscles. Complaisance, Operations of (kom-pla-zongs’). A lection. Complanate (Äom/-plan-āţ) [complanatus, to make plane or level]. In biology, flattened. Complemental (Aom-ple-men'-tal) [complementum, that which completes or fills up]. Supplying a defi- ciency. In biology, forming a complement to a female. C. Air. See Air. C. Male, one of such supernumerary males as those cirripedia (Iºla) that lie within the sac of the female. Complementary (AEom-ple-men'-ter-e) [complementare, to fill up; to complete). Complemental. C. Colors. See Color and Pigment. Completely Born (Åom-plet/-/e born). As employed in legal medicine, this expression implies that the child must be in the world in all its parts, i. e., completely external to the mother. It does not imply that the pla- centa has been separated or the cord divided. - Complexus (Åom-p/e/s/-us) [complexus, complex]. The totality of symptoms, phenomena, or signs of a morbid condition. C. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of See COMPLICATION Complication (Aom-p/i/ -a/-shun) [complicare, to fold together]. A disease or a process secondary to and more or less dependent upon some primary disease. Compos Mentis (£om/-pos men'-tis) [L.]. Of sound mind, memory, and understanding. See AVon Com- pos /l/entis. Composite (kom-poz/-it) [componere, to put together]. I. Composed of distinct portions. 2. In biology, be- longing to the order Compositae. C. Monsters; this is a term used to designate any form of monstrosity showing some degree of duplicity in the main regions of the body. Composition (kom-po-zish/-um) [compositio, a putting together]. Compounding; applied to drugs. The constitution of a mixture. C. Powder, a popular name (originally Thomsonian) for the pulvis myrica compositus, N. F. At present it is a mixture of finely powdered bayberry bark (Myrica cerifera), I2 parts; ginger, 6 parts; capsicum and cloves, each I part. It is useful for sore throat and severe coryza. Unof. C. Tea, a warm drink composed of different spices, and used as a stomachic and to abort an attack of coryza. . Compound (kom/-pound, or Áom-pound') [ME., com- pounen, to mix or compound]. I. To mix, as drugs. 2. Composed of several parts; in chemistry, a com- pound body. C. Cathartic Pills. See Colocynth. C. Cavities, cavities in teeth that are produced by the coalescence of two cavities or by the extension of a single cavity in such a manner as to include two sur- faces of a tooth. C. Fracture. See Fracture. C. Granule-Cell. See Corpuscle, Gluge's. C. Oxy- gen, a quack cure-all consisting of a strong solution . of potassium nitrate or chlorate through which the air to be inhaled is passed. Compounding (kom-pound"-ing) [ME., compounen, to mix]. The mixing, manipulation, and preparation of the drugs ordered in a prescription. Compress (Aom/-pres) [compressus, pressed together]. Folded cloths, wet or dry, applied firmly to the part for relief of inflammation, or to prevent hemorrhage. C., Fenestrated, with a hole for drainage or inspec- tion. C., Graduated, the strip applied directly is small; the others, progressively larger, cover it. Compressed (kom-presd/) [compressus, pressed to- gether]. Firmly pressed together; having the lateral diameter reduced. C. Air, air the density of which has been increased by compression. C.-Air Bath. Se Aath. Compression (kom-presh/-um) [compressus, pressed to- gether]. The state of being compressed. C.-atro- phy, atrophy of a part from constant compression. Instances are the Chinese foot, liver-atrophy of tight lacing, atrophy of tissues from pressure by an aneurysm. C. of Brain. See Brain. C.-myelitis, myelitis due to compression. See Myelitis. Compressor (kom-presſ-or) [comprimere, to press to- gether]. I. An instrument for compressing an artery, vein, etc. 2. It is also applied to muscles having a com- pressing function, as the C. maris, C. zema dorsalis penis, etc. See Muscles, Table of 3. One of the light springs inserted on either side of the stage of a microscope for holding the slide in position ; a clip. C. sacculi laryngis, the inferior aryteno-epiglottideus muscle. See Muscles, Table of C. urethrae, constrictor urethrae. See Muscles, Table of. Compressorium (kom-pres-o/ re-um) [compressor, a compress]. An instrument devised for making pressure on the cover-glass of a microscope-slide in order to favor separation of the elements of the specimen to be examined. Comptonia (komp-to/-ne-ah) [after Henry Compton, 315 CONCHOSCOPE Bishop of London, a botanist]. A genus of plants. C. asplenifolia. See Ziguidambar. Conarial (Éo-ma/-re-a/) [kováptov, the pineal gland]. Relating to the conarium. C. Vein. See Vein. Conario-hypophyseal (AEo-ma-re-o-hi-po-ſis/-e-a/) [ko- Yáptov, the pineal gland ; iToºtag, an undergrowth). Relating to the conarium and to the hypophysis of the cerebrum; pineo-pituitary. - Conarium (Æo-na/-re-um) [kováptov ; dim. of Kövog, a cone]. See Pineal Gland. Conation (Åo-ma-shum) [comari, to endeavor]. The ex- ertive power of the mind, including will and desire; a special act or exercise of the exertive power. Concassation (£on-Aas-a/-shun) [concassatio; con, to- gether; cassare or quassare, to shake, to beat]. I. The shaking of medicines, as in a bottle; the pulverizing of drugs by beating. 2. Mental distress or affliction. Concato's Disease. See Diseases, Table of, Aolyorrhymenitis. Concaulescence (AEon-AEawl-es/-ens) [con, together; caulis, a stalk]. In biology, the partial fusion of the pedicle of a flower with the stem from which it springs. and Concavo-concave (Äon-ka/-vo-kon/-kāz). See Zens, Aicozzcave. Concavo-convex (Āon-ka/-vo-kom/-veós). See Zems, Periscopic. Conceive (AEon-sez/) [concipere, to take inj. To become pregnant. Concentration (Æon-sen-tra/-shun) [com, together; cem- trum, the center]. Evaporation of part of the water or other liquid of a mixture, thus rendering it relatively more dense. Concentric (kom-sen/-frić) [con, together; centrum, the center]. Arranged in an equidistant manner about a center. C. Hypertrophy of the Heart, increase in the muscular texture of the heart, the capacity of the cavities remaining unchanged. Conception (£on-sep/-s/ºwn) [concipere, to conceive]. I. The fecundation of the ovum by the spermatozoid. See Pregnancy. 2. The abstract mental idea of any- thing ; the power or act of mentally conceiving. C., Imperative, a false idea that an insane person dwells upon, and which he cannot expel from his mind, even when he knows it to be absurd, and which dominates his actions. Concha (Aong/-Éah) [kóyza, a shell]. A shell. Applied to organs having Some resemblance to a shell, as the patella, vulva, etc., and especially to C. auris, or the hollow part of the external ear. C. narium, the tur- binated bones. C. santoriniana, a name applied to a fourth turbinated bone sometimes found in the nose. Conchiolin (&ong-ki/-o-lin) [köyra, a shell; iov, a vio- let], CºoH is N,011. The skeletin material that forms the organic bases of the shells of gastropods. C. Os- teomyelitis. See Osteomyelitis. Conchitis (Áong-ki/-äs) [kóyxa, a shell; ttig, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the concha. Concho-anthelix (Kong’-Ko-ant/-/.e-liks) [köyra, a shell; ãv6éAt;, the inner curvature of the ear]. The muscle called obliquus auriculae. See A/uscles, Zable of Concho-helix (Āong/-ko-he/-liks) [Köyaſa, a shell; 8%ts, a spiral]. The muscle called transversus auriculae. See Muscles, Table of Conchology (Áong-Ko/-o-je) [kóyºta, a shell; Žáyetv, to speak]. That department of science that deals with the shells of molluscs. Conchometer (kong-kom/-et-er) [köyra, a shell; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for the measurement of the shells of molluscs, Conchoscope (kong’-Ao-słóſ) [kó) wa, a shell; the na- ris; akotein, to inspect]. A speculum and mirror for inspecting the nasal cavity. CONCOCTIO Concoctio (kon-kok'-she-o) [L.]. Digestion. C. tarda. Synonym of Dyspepsia. Concoction (kon-kok'-shun) [concoquere, to boil to- gether]. The act of boiling two substances together. Concolor (kon-kul/-or) [con, together; color, color]. In biology, having the same color on both sides or over the entire surface. Concomitant (kon-kom/-it-ant) [concomitari, to accom- pany]. Accompanying. C. Strabismus. See Stra- dismus. C. Symptoms, symptoms that are not in themselves essential to the course of a disease, but that may occur in association with the essential symptoms. Concrement (kon/-kre-ment) [concrescere, to grow to- gether]. A concretion. Concresce (kon/-kres) [con, together; crescere, to grow]. In biology, to grow together. Concrescescence (Áon-Åres-es/-ems) [con, together; crescere, to grow]. In biology, the union of the germ-bands to form the primitive streak. Concrete (Äon/-kret, or Áon-Året’) [concrescere, to grow together]. Solidified or condensed. Concreted Sugar, the product of the Fryer concretor, or simi- lar form of apparatus. It is a compact, boiled-down mass, containing both the crystallizable Sugar and im- purities that ordinarily go into the molasses. It shows little or no distinct grain. Concretion (Aon-Are"-shun) [concretio; concrescere, to grow together]. The solidification or condensation of a fluid substance; a calculus; a union of parts normally separate, as the fingers. C., Animal, an earthy deposit found in any of the various organs or secretions of the body. These concretions have a fibrous base containing salts of calcium, phosphorus, or magnesium. Concubitus (Åon-Aze/-bit-us) [concumbere, to lie to- gether]. Copulation. Concursus (Åon-Aerº-sus) [concursere, to run together]. A synonym of Anastomosis. Concussion (AEon-Kush/-un) [concussio, a violent shock]. Shock; the state of being shaken; a severe or inju- rious shaking or jarring of a part; also, the morbid state resulting from such a jarring. C. of Brain. See Arain. C. of Spinal Cord. A condition caused by severe shock of the spinal column, with or without appreciable lesion of the myelon. Concussor (Aon-Aus'-or) [concutere, to shake]. In massage, an apparatus for gently beating the part to be treated. Condaminea (Aon-dam-in/-e-ah) [after Comdamine, the botanist]. A genus of Cinchona-yielding trees. Condensability (Áon-dens-ab-i/-it-e) [condensare, to condense). Capacity for undergoing condensation. Condensation (AEon-den-sa/-shun) [condensare, to con- dense]. In chemistry, the union of two or more mole- cules by the linking of carbon-atoms and the forma- tion of complicated carbon-chains. 2. The patholog- ic hardening, with or without contraction, of a soft organ or tissue. Condensed (AEon-densa") [condensare, to make thick]. Made compact; reduced to a denser form. C. Milk, milk that has had most of its watery elements evapo- rated according to a known process. Condensed milk prepared with the addition of cane-sugar is a white or yellowish-white product of about the consistency of honey and ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to I.4I. It should be completely soluble in from four to five times its bulk of water, without separation of any flocculent residue, and then possess the taste of fresh, Sweetened milk. Condensed milk prepared without the addition of cane-sugar is not boiled down to the same degree, and therefore remains liquid. Batter- shall gives the following analysis of both classes:— 316 CONDURANGO BARK CONDENSED MILK witH ADDITION OF SUGAR. rt, 5. * * S. 80 BRAND. +. ## | = On 1 tº ºt º # 3 à | # # : & #3 || 5 | } O Alderney, . . . . . . . . . . 30.05 | Io,08 || 46.01 || 12.04 || I.82 Anglo-Swiss (American), 29.46 || 8. II 50.4I Io.22 I.80 Anglo-Swiss (English), 27.8o 8.24 51.07 Io.80 2.09 Anglo-Swiss (Swiss), 25.5I 8.51 53.27 Io.7I 2.00 Eagle, . . . . . . . & 27.30 6.60 44.47 | 10.77 | 1.86 Crown, . . . . . . . . . . . 29.44 || 9.27 49.26 || Io. II | I.92 CONDENSED MILK WITHOUT CANE-SUGAR. * º Öſ) BRAND. º ź c: : ; ; ; ; & | } American, . . . . . . . . . . 52.07 || I5.06 I6.97 | I4.26 2.8o New York, . . . . . . . . . 56.71 I4. I3 13.98 || 13.18 2.00 Granulated Milk Company, 55.43 | 13. I6 | I4.84 I4.04 || 2.53 Eagle, . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.OI I4.02 || I4.06 I3.90 2.OI Condenser (Aon-denſ-ser) [condensare, to make dense]. A lens or combination of lenses used in microscopy for gathering and concentrating rays of light. Condiment (Aon/-dim-ent) [condimentum, spice]. Spice, sauce, or other appetizing ingredients used with food. Condom, or Cundum (Æon/-dum, or Aun/-dum) [cor- ruption of Conton, the name of the inventor]. A sheath worn over the penis during copulation for the purpose of preventing conception. Conduction (Åon-duš/-shum) [conductio; conducere, to draw together]. The passage or transfer of force or material from one part to another. C.-resistance, the resistance encountered by an electric current in passing through a circuit. Conductor (Åon-duk/-tor) [conducere, to draw together]. I. A body that transmits force-vibrations, such as those of heat or electricity. A term applied to the elec- trodes and cords by which they are joined to the bat- tery. 2. An instrument serving as a guide for the surgeon’s knife. Conduplicate (Äon-du/-plić-āt) [conduplicare, to double together]. In biology, doubled or folded together, as leaves or wings. Condurango Bark (£on-du-rang/-go baré) [native of S. Amer.]. Bark of Gomolobus retragonus, or of Cong/obus condurazzgo, a remedy much used in S. America as an alterative in syphilis. It was intro- duced into the U. S. as a remedy for carcinoma of the * CONDY'S FLUID stomach, but yielded uncertain results. Dose of the fluid extract 3 SS-j; of the tincture, 3.j—ij. Unof. Condy's Fluid. One part of sodium or potassium per- manganate dissolved in 500 parts of water; it is a useful disinfectant. Condylar (Aon/-diſ-ar) [kóvóvãog, a knuckle]. Pertain- ing to the condyles. - Condylarthrosis (AEon-diſ-ar-thro/-sis) [kóvöv%og, a knuckle; &pſpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis, wherein a condyle is set in a shallow and elliptic cavity, and free and varied movement of the joint is possible ; condylar articulation. Condyle (Äom/-di/) [kóvóvãog, a knuckle]. Any rounded eminence such as occurs in the joints of many of the bones, especially the femur, humerus, and lower jaw. Condyloid (Áon/-dil-oid) [kóvóvãog, a knuckle; eiðoç, likeness]. Resembling or pertaining to a condyle. Condyloma (Aon-di/-o'-mah) [kovööWoua, a swelling: pl., Condylomata]. A wart-like growth or tumor about the anus or pudendum. The term is applied also to Syphilitic patches and discolorations. Condylomatous (Åon-dil-o'-mat-us) [kov60% oua, a swelling]. Of the nature of a condyloma. Condylotomy (Áon-diſ-of/-o-me) [kóvóvãog, a knuckle; Téuvelv, to cut]. Extra-articular osteotomy; a division through the condyles of a bone. Cone, Conus (£3m, Ao’-mus) [kóvoc, a cone]. A solid body having a circle for its base, and, terminating in a point. A patch of choroidal atrophy near the pa- pilla of the eye, in myopia. C., Graduated, a cone- shaped body used for measuring the size of orifices of vessels, etc., especially in post-mortem examinations. C. Inhaler. See Anesthetic. C. of Light, the tri- angular reflection from the normal membrana tympani. C., Retinal, one of the rod-like bodies of elongated conical form, which, with the associated rods, form one of the outer layers of the retina, the so-called rod-and-cone layer. C., Spermatic, one of the series of cones forming the head of the epididymis, and composed of the coiled efferent tubules. Conenchyma (Aon-eng/-Éim-ah) [kóvoç, a cone; Śyxvua, an infusion]. In biology, a term applied to tissues formed of conical cells, as the velvety surface of some petals. Confectio (Áon-ſek/-she-o) [L. : gen., Confectionis]. Official name for any confection, g. v. C. damocratis. See Mithridate. Confection (Aon-fe/-shun) [confectio, a preparation]. In pharmacy, a mass of Sugar and water, or of honey, used as an excipient with a prescribed medicinal sub- stance. There are two official (U.S. P.) conſectiones; in the B. P. there are eight. Confectioners’ Disease (Äon-fº/-shun-erg dis-ez/). A disease frequently occurring in the workpeople manu- facturing candied fruits, nuts, etc. It is confined to the nails of the fingers of the hands; the nail loses its polish, and becomes black, and the periungual portion becomes loosened and raised. Configuration (£on-fig-tº-ra/-shun) [configurare, to form after something]. In chemistry, a term now designating what was formerly called the “constitu- tion” or “structure '’ of the molecules. Confinement (żon-fin/-ment) [L., confiner, to shut up]. The condition of women during childbirth. Confirmatory (kon-fir/-mat-or-e) [confirmare, to con- firm J. Confirming. C. Incision, an abdominal Section, made to confirm a diagnosis, as in case of malignant disease of the ovary, uterus, peritoneum, etC. Confluent (kon/ºffu-ent) [confuere, to flow together]. In descriptive pathology, a term applied to eruptions that run together. The opposite of discrete. In 317 CONICAL anatomy, coalesced or blended; applied to two or more bones originally separate, but subsequently formed into OIl C. Conformator (Åom/-for-ma-tor) [Fr., conformateur). A form of cephalograph used in determining the out- lines of the skull in craniometry. - Confrontation (AEon-frun-ta/-s/ium) [confrondari, to be contiguous to]. The bringing of one person into the presence of another from whom he or she has con. tracted a disease, as an aid in diagnosis. Confusion (AEon-fu/-zhun) [confusio, a confounding]. Mixing; confounding. Embarrassment. C. Colors, a set of colors so chosen with regard to their degree of brilliancy that they cannot be distinguished by one who is color-blind; a good test for color-blindness. Congelation (Åon-ſel-a/-shun) [congelatio, a freezing]. I. Freezing; frost-bite; intense cold or its effect on the animal economy, or any organ or part. 2. The chilling or benumbing effect of any freezing-mixture or application; mainly employed for its local anes. thetic effect. 3. Coagulation. Congener (Aon/ºffen-er) [L., of the same race]. In biology, belonging to the same genus; closely allied. Congenital (AEon-jen’-it-a!) [con, together; genitus, born J. Existing at birth. Congestion (£on-jes/-chun) [congerere, to heap up]. An abnormal collection of blood in a part or organ. Congestion may be active or passive, atonic or inflam- matory, functional or hypostatic. It is also named from the parts affected; the most important varieties of morbid congestion are the cerebral, spinal, pul- monary, hepatic, and renal. Congestive (Äon-jes/-tiv) [congerere, to heap up]. Marked by, due to, or of the nature of congestion. Congius (Åon/-je-us) [L.]. A Roman measure. A gallon. Conglobate (Äon-glo/-bāţ) [con, together; globare, to make into a globe]. Rounded. C. Glands, the absorbent or lymphatic glands. See Gland. Conglomerate (Äon-glom/-er-at) [conglomerare, to heap up]. I. Massed together; aggregated. 2. A mass of units without order. C. Glands, acinous glands. Conglutin (Åon-g/w/-time) [con, together; gluten, glue]. One of the proteids found in peas, beans, and other kinds of pulse. Vines considers it an artificial pro- duct. It is more glutinous and more soluble in acetic acid, and richer in nitrogen, than ordinary legumin. See Casein. Conglutination (£on-glu-five-a/-shun) [conglutinare, to glue together]. The abnormal union of two contig- uous surfaces or bodies, as of two fingers, or of the opposed surfaces of the pleural or pericardial sac. Congo (Áon/-go) [native African]. A country of western Africa. C. Fever. See Fever. C. Paper, a test-paper stained with Congo-red. C.-paper Test. See 7&sts, Table of C.-red, a red coloring matter which becomes blue in the presence of free HCl. It is used in chemic investigation of the gastric juice. See Pigments, Conspectus of C. Solu- tion. See Tests, Zable of Congress (Kong/-gres) [congressus, a meeting together]. An assemblage for deliberative purpose. C., Sexual, coition, or carnal intercourse, Congressus (Åong-gres/-us) [L.]. Congress; sexual intercourse. C. interruptus. See Coitus reservatus. Conhydrin (AEon-hi/-drin) [kóvetov, hemlock; ióop, water], CsPI, NO. A solid alkaloid of conium, an oxyconin, occurring in pearly, iridescent, white, folia- ceous crystals, with a faint, conin-like odor, and melting at 121° C. and distilling at 226°. Conical (kon'-ik-al) [Kovakóg, pertaining to a cone]. Cone-shaped. C. Cornea. See Aerato-globus. CONIDIOPHORE Conidiophore (ko-mid’-e-o-for) [kóvic, dust; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, applied to the hypha that produces conidia. - Conidium (Æo-mid’-e-um)[kóvac, dust; iólov, dim. Suffix: pl. Conidia]. In biology,the deciduous asexual spores of certain fungi. Also called Basidiospore and Acrospore. Conidosis (ſºon-id-o/-sis). Synonym of Urticaria, Coniferin ğ. -er-in) [conifer, cone-bearing], Cis H,Os + 2 H.O. A crystalline glucosid found in the cambium of coniferous woods, and consisting of shining needles. It effloresces in the air and melts at 185° C. It is also called Abietin. Coniin (ko-ni/-in). See Conium and Comin, Conin (ko’-min) [kóvetov, hemlock], CsPilgn. A vol- atile alkaloid that occurs in hemlock (Corzium macz- Zatum), chiefly in the seeds, and is obtained by extrac- tion with acetic acid or distillation with soda. It is a colorless, oily liquid, having the odor of hemlock and boiling at 167–168°; its specific gravity is o.886 at O’. Conium (40-mi/-um) [kóvetov, hemlock]: , Hemlock, The green, full-grown fruit of the spotted hemlock, C. maculatum. It contains three alkaloids and a volatile oil. Its properties are mainly due to the alkaloids coniin, CsPIs N, and methylconiin, CsPil NCHs. It produces motor paralysis, without loss of sensation or of consciousness. Toxic doses cause death by paraly- sis of the organs of respiration. It is valuable in acute mania, delirium tremens, tetanus, blepharospasm, asth- ma, and whooping-cough. C., Abstract., made from conium 200, dilute hydrochloric acid 6, Sugar of milk and alcohol q. S., to make IOO parts of abstract. Unof. Dose gr. ss—iij. C., cataplasma (B. P.), made from the leaves. For external use. C., Ext., Alcoholic., each grain representing one grain of the drug. Dose gr. ij-v-xl. C., Fld. Ext., Same strength as preceding. Dose mij-v-xl. C., pilula Comp. (B. P.), contains extract of hemlock and ipecac. Dose gr. v-x. C., succus (B.P.), made from the leaves. Dose muxxx— 3ij. C., Tinct., 15 per cent. Strength. Dose mux– 3j. C. Vapor (B. P.), for inhalations. Coniin, unof., volatile alkaloid of conium. Dose gr. sº-ſºº. Coniin Hydrobrom., C4H9(CAH), unof., recom- mended for spasmodic affections. Dose gr. sº-T's. All preparations uncertain in strength. Coniin. Hydrobrom., Injectio Hypoderm. Dose muj-iij. Conjugal (ſºon/-ju-gal) [conjugalis, a husband or wife]. Pertaining to marriage; connubial. C. Diabetes, diabetes affecting husband and wife together; this is said to be not infrequently-observed. Conjugate (Äom/-fu-gāt) [con, together; ſugare, to yoke]. Yoked or coupled. C. Deviation. See Aleviation. C. Diagonal, Internal, an internal measurement of the pelvis from the middle of the sub-pubic ligament to the sacro-vertebral angle. It is 1234 cm. C. Diameter (of the pelvis), the antero- posterior or sacro-pubic. See Diameter. C. Diameter (of the pelvis), external. See Aaudelocque, Diameter of C. Focus. See Aocus. C.-symphyseal Angle, the angle that the conjugate diameter of the pelvis makes with the pubic bone at the symphysis. C., True, the minimum useful diameter of the pelvic inlet. See /Xiameter. Conjugation (£on-ju-ga/-shon) [conjugatus, joined to- gether]. In biology, that form of sexual reproduc- tion in which two cells, similar in size and appearance, unite to form a spore. The sexual character of con- jugation was first pointed out by Vaucher, in 1803. Conjunctiva (Aon-junk-fi/-vah) [conjunctivus, connect- ing]. The mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the globe of the eye, reflected on and ex- tending to the free edges of the lids. Its parts are called palpebral and ocular, or bulbar. 318 CONSCIOUSNESS Conjunctival (£on-jun//-tiv-al, or konjunk-tº-val) [conjunctivus, connecting]. Relating to the con- junctiva. Conjunctivitis (kon-junk-div-i/ º necting; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the conjunctiva. It may be catarrhal, croupous, diphtheric (or membranous), gonorrheal, phlyctenular, puru- lent, etc., in character or origin. C., Atropin, a peculiar idiosyncratic catarrh of the conjunctiva pro- duced by prolonged use of atropin as a mydriatic, and characterized by the formation of numerous folli- cles. C. crouposa, a form associated with the form- ation of a whitish-gray membrane that is easily re- moved. C. diphtheritica, a specific purulent inflam- mation of the conjunctiva spreading by infection, yielding a contagious secretion, and leading to necro- sis of the infiltrated tissue. . C. eczematosa. See C. lymphatica. C., Egyptian. See Trachoma. C. exanthematica. See C. lymphatica. C. follicularis, a form characterized by the presence of foilicles. C., Granular. See Trachoma. C. lymphatica, that occurring in scrofulous individuals. It is accom- panied by the formation of ulcers. C. membranacea. See C. crouposa and Ophthalmia. C. phlyctenulosa. See C. lymphatica. C. pustulosa. See C. lymphatica. C. scrofulosa. See C. ſymphatica. Connate (Äom/-ät). See Confluent and Congenital. Connection (Åon-e/-shun) [connectere, to connect]. Sexual intercourse. Connective (kon-ek/-tiv) [connectere, to connect]. I. Connecting; binding. 2. In botany, the portion of the filament that connects the two cells of an anther. C. Tissue. See Azzimal 7 issue. Connivent (żon-i/-vent) [connivere, to wink at]. In botany converging toward each other; applied to stamens that converge above, as those of the violet. Conocephalic, or Conocephalous (Åo-no-seſ-a/-äk, Áo-no-sef’-a/-us) [kóvoc, cone; Kepažff, head]. Having the skull somewhat conoidal. Conoid, or Conoidal (ko/-noid, or Åo-noi/-dal) [kóvog, cone; elóoç, shape). Of a conical or approximately conical shape. C. Ligament, the lower and inner part of the coraco-clavicular ligament. C. Tubercle, the eminence on the inferior surface of the clavicle to which the C. ligament is attached. Conquassant (żon-Awasſ-ant) [conquassare, to shake severely]. Very severe (applied chiefly to labor-pains at the acme of their intensity). Conquassation (£on-Awas-a/-shun). Conquinamin (..., -am-in). Cuprea bark. Conrad's Water. An eye-wash composed of three parts of mercuric chlorid, IOO of distilled water, and five to ten of tinctura opii crocata. Conroy's Test. See Tests, Zable of Consanescent (żon-san-es/-ent) [consanescere, to be- come sound]. Healing, becoming healed (applied mostly to wounds). Consanguine (AEon-san/-gwin) [consanguineus, of the same blood]. Allied by birth or descent; akin by blood-relationship. Consanguineous (Åon-san-gwin/-e-us) [consanguineus, of the same blood]. Related by a common parentage. Consanguinity (Áon-san-gwin/-it-e) [com, together; sanguinis, of blood]. The relationship arising from common parentage; blood-relationship. Consciousness (Äom/-shus-nes) [conscius, knowing]. The state of being aware of one’s own existence, of one’s own mental states, and of the impressions made upon one’s senses; ability to take cognizance of sensa- tions; applied to ab extra impressions. C., Double, that morbid condition in which there are two separate [conjunctivus, con- See Comcassation. An alkaloid of • ſ: CONSENESCENCE and alternating states of mental consciousness, in either one of which the events that have occurred in the other state are not remembered by the patient. Consenescence (Áon-sen-esſ-ens) [consenescere, to grow old]. The state or condition of growing old. Consensual (Aon-sen/-su-a/) [consensus, agreement]. Reflex and involving sensation, but not volition; as a consensual act or movement. Consent (Aon-sent") [consentire, to agree]. In forensic medicine, this term signifies willing participation in unnatural or illegal intercourse. In pathology, a sym- pathetic affection of a part distant from a diseased art. cºntience (£on-sen/-she-ems) [consentire, to agree]. Undeveloped or unintellectual consciousness; the sum or result of the impressions made by sensations upon the psychic center of the organism. Conserva, or Conserve (Äon-ser/-vah, or con-serv’) [conservare, to keep). A confection, g. v. Conservancy (Áon-ser/-van-se) [conservare, to keep). Public conservation of health or of things that make for health; the sum of hygienic or preservative legis- lation. C. System. See Sewage, Disposal of Conservative (Äon-ser/-wat-iv) [conservare, to keepj. Aiming at the preservation and restoration of injured parts; as conservative surgery or dentistry. Conservator (Åon/-ser-va-tor) [conservare, to preserve]. A person appointed to look after the business interests and general welfare of an insane person or idiot. Consolidant, Consolidating (Äon-sol/-id-ant, or Åon- so/-id-a-ting) [consolidare, to make firm]. Tending to heal or promoting the healing of wounds or frac- tures; favoring cicatrization. Consolidation (kom-sol-id-a/-shum) [consolidare, to make firm]. The process of becoming firm or solid, as a lung in pneumonia. Consonants (kon/-so-nants) [con, together; somare, to sound]. Non-vowel sounds in speaking produced at certain parts of the resonance-chamber. They are sounded only with a vowel. They consist of Explo- sives, Aspirates, Vibratives, and Resonants; they are also divided into four classes, according to the situation in which they are produced—the Articulation Posi- tions,—the first being between the lips; the second between the tongue and hard palate; the third be- tween the tongue and soft palate; the fourth between the vocal bands. Labials, made at the lips, may be explosive (b, p), aspirate (f, v, w), vibrative (the “burr”), and resonant (m). These form the conso- nants of the first articulation position. Those of the second position are the explosives t and d'; the aspi- rates s, z, sch, th; the vibrative r , the resonant m. Those of the third position are the explosives A. and g; the aspirates are the unvoiced consonants, unvoiced ch and 7; the vibrative, palatal r, the resonant, pala- tal n. That of the fourth position is the aspirate, the glottis-formed h. Constant (£on/-stant) [constans, steady]. Fixed; not changing. C. Battery, Element, or Cell. One yielding a constant current. A galvanic battery, of which the most common types are those of Bunsen, Callaud, Daniell, Grénêt, Grove, Leclanché, and Smee. Consternatio (£on-ster-ma/-she-o) [L.]. See AVåght. 7 errors. Constipation (Åon-stip-a/-shum) [constipare, to crush tightly together]. Costiveness; retention and hard- ness of the feces from functional inactivity of the intes- tinal canal, or from abnormalism of the biliary or other Secretions. It may also be due to mechanical obstruction of the intestinal canal, paresis of the intes- tinal walls, the use of certain foods, and general de- pression of vital activity. 319 Consumption (£on-sump'-shun) CONTAGIOUS Constituent (żon-stit/-u-ent) [constituere, to establish]. A formative element or ingredient. The Constitu- ents of the Organism are organic and inorganic. The Inorganic C. are Water, forming 58.5 per cent. of the body; Gases, such as oxygen, marsh-gas, etc.; Salts, of which the chief are sodium chlorid, calcium phosphate (forming more than one-half of the bones), sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium and potassium sulphates, potassium chlorid, calcium fluorid and carbonate ; Free Acids, as hydrochloric, sulphuric, etc.; Bases, such as silicon, manganese, iron. The Organic C. comprise the large classes of the proteids, albuminoids, fats, etc. Constitution (Aon-stit-u/-shum) [constituere, to dis- pose]. In chemistry, the atomic or molecular com- position of a body. In pharmacy, the composition of a substance. In physiology, the general temperament and functional condition of the body. Constitutional (Æon-stit-u/-shum-al) [constituere, to dispose]. Pertaining to the state of the constitution. C. Diseases, in pathology, such diseases as are inhe- rent, owing to an abnormal structure of the body. Also, inherited diseases. Also, a condition in which the disease pervades the whole system. General, in contradistinction to local. Constrictor (Aon-strik/-tor) [constringere, to bind to- gether]. Any muscle that contracts or tightens any part of the body. See Muscles, Table of. Constringent (żon-strin/-jent) [constringere, to con- strict]. Same as Astringent, 7. v.. Consultation (Åon-sul-ta/-shun) [consultare, to take counsel]. A deliberation between two or more phy- sicians concerning the diagnosis of the disease of a patient and the proper method of treatment. [consumere, to con- sume or wear away]. Wasting, denutrition, or atrophy, loosely used as a synonym of Tuberculosis, especially pulmonary tuberculosis, Phthisis, g. v. C. of the Bowels. See Diarrhea, Chronic Inflammatory. Consumptive (kom-sump/-tiz) [consumere, to consume or wear away]. I. Of the nature of tuberculosis. 2. One afflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis. Contact (Āom/-takf) [contactus, a touching]. A touch- ing. C. Lenses, in optics, a glass shell the con- cavity of which is in contact with the globe of the eye, a layer of liquid being interposed between the lens and the cornea. C. Series, a series of metals arranged in such an order that each becomes positively electrified by contact with the one that follows it. The contact-values of some metals, according to Ary. ton and Perry, are as follows:— DIFFERENCE OF POTENTIAL IN VOLTS. Zinc, Lead . . . . .2Io Iron, Copper . . . . . I46 Lead, Tin o,69 Copper, Platinum . .238 Tin, Iron . . . . . 3. I3 Platinum, Carbon . .113 C. Test, Heller's test. See 7ests, Table of Contactile, or Contactual (Kon-ſa/-til, or Åon-ta/- tu-al) [contactus, contact]. I. Tactile. 2. Due to or spreading by actual contact. Contagion (Åon-ta/-jazzz) [contagio, contingere, to touch]. The process by which a specific disease is communicated between persons, either by direct con- tact or by means of an intermediate agent. (See, also, Infection.) Also the specific germ of virus from which a communicable disease develops. C., Mental. See Amitation. Contagionist (Kon-ta/-jun-ist) [contagio, contingere, to touch]. One who believes in the contagious origin or transmission of any given disease. Contagious (Åon-ta/-jus) [contagium, a touching]. Communicable or transmissible by contagion, or by a specific contagium. /nfectious—applied to a CONTAGIUM disease engendered by a specific agency, which, once present, may multiply and renew itself in- definitely, and which always gives rise to the same disease. (a) Miasmatic—applied to an infectious dis- ease of which the specific cause exists only in certain localities, e.g., malaria, pneumonia, acute rheumatism. (b) Contagious—applied to a disease of which the cause is transmitted from person to person, through houses, villages, cities, and countries, e.g., variola, morbilli, scarlatina, diphtheria, etc. (c) Miasmatic- contagious—applied to an infectious disease of which the specific cause is carried by persons, or their emanations, to a locality, and in the soil, water or houses of which it multiplies and thence generates the disease, e.g., cholera, enteric fever, yellow fever. C. Typhus. Synonym of Typhus Fever, 7. v. Contagium (kom-ta/-je-um) [L.]. Any virus or mor- bific matter by means of which a communicable dis- ease is transmitted from the sick to the well. C. ani- matum, same as C. vivum. C. vivum (“‘living contagium”), any living vegetable or animal organism that causes the spread of an infectious disease. Contest (kon/-test) [contestari, to call to witness]. To dispute; to strive for. C. Theory, the doctrine of chemiotaxis. . Contiguity (Áon-tig-le/-it-e) [contiguitas, a touching]. Proximity. C., Amputation in the, is performed at a joint, without section of a bone. Continued (£on-tin/-äd) [continuare, to make continu- ous]. Persisted in. C. Fever, a fever that is neither intermittent nor typically remittent. See Fever. Continuity (kon-tin-u/-it-e) [continuitas, uninterrupted- ness]. In anatomy, the portion lying between two ends, as the shaft of a bone. C., Solution of. See Solution. C., Amputation in the, amputation in which a bone is divided. Continuous (Åon-tin/-u-us) [continuus, joined; uninter- rupted]. Unbroken. C.-gum Work, a method of constructing artificial dentures. Contortion (ſºon-tor/-shun) [contorquere, to twist]. A twisting or writhing, as of the body. Contour (kom-toor') [Fr., contour, circuit]. I. The line that bounds, defines, or terminates a figure. 2. In operative dentistry, to effect the restoration of lost parts of teeth by building them up with gold, etc. C.- feather-hair, one of those outer and longer hairs or feathers that go to determine the contour of a bird or mammal, as distinguished from a soft down-feather or a hair of the under-fur. C.-fillings, in dentistry fillings in which the material is so built out as to restore the lost portion of the crown of the tooth; distinguished from plane or flush-fillings. Contracted Heels. See Hoofbound. Contractility (AEon-traž-ti/-it-e) [contrahere, to draw together]. The peculiar property of muscular tissue manifested by shortening and concomitant thicken- | I] Q . cºaction (Áon-fraž/-shun) [contrahere, to draw to- gether]. Approximation of the elements of a tissue or organ, thus diminishing its volume or contents. C., Carpo-pedal, a variety of tetany occurring in infants, and generally associated with dentition or seat-worms. There is a flexing of the fingers, toes, elbows, and knees, and a general tendency to convulsions. C., Closing, muscular contractions produced at the instant that the electric current is closed. C., Front- tap, Gowers' term for a phenomenon often observed in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk. It is a delicate test of increased spinal irritability. The foot is placed at a right angle to the leg, and the muscles of the front of the leg are tapped, the result being extension of the foot from contraction of the gastrocnemius. See Re- 320 CONTROL ſexes, Table of C.-furrows, a number of concentric curved lines near the ciliary margin of the iris. They are produced in the living iris by a folding of the iris upon itself during dilatation of the pupil. C., Hour- Glass. See Uterus. C., Opening, the muscular contraction produced by opening or breaking the cir- cuit. C., Paradoxic, Westphal’s term for a phe- nomenon that consists in the contraction of a muscle, caused by the passive approximation of its extremities. C.-remainder, the stage of elastic after-vibration or residual contraction persisting in a muscle after with- drawal of the stimulus. C.-ring, the boundary line between the upper and lower uterine segments, often marked by a perceptible ridge. That portion of the uter- ine canal that must be dilated to allow the escape of the fetus is called the lower uterine segment; that portion above the point at which the dilatation ceases, i. e., the contracting portion of the muscle, is called the upper atterine segment. Contractions. See Contracture and also Abbreviations, in Introductory Tables. Contracture (kon-traž/-chur) [contractus, a drawing to- gether]. Contraction; permanent shortening, as of a muscle; distortion or deformity due to the shortening of a muscle or of various muscles. In electro-thera- peutics, muscular spasms, clonic or tonic, the variety determined in regard to time, by the method of appli- cation of the current. Contra-extensio (kon-trah-ek-sten/-se-o)[L.]. Counter- extension. Contra-fissura (kon'-trahºſis-su/-rah) [contra, opposite to; fissura, a fissure]. Cranial fissure or fracture pro- duced by a blow upon the skull at a point distant from or opposite to the seat of the fracture. Contra-indicant (żon-trah-in/-dik-ant) [contra, op- posed to ; indicare, to indicate]. I. Having the effect of a contra-indication. 2. A symptom, indication, or condition that forbids the use of a particular remedial measure or set of measures. Contra-indication (kon-trah-in-dić-a/-shun) [contra, against; indicare, to point out]. That pathologic or modifying condition in which a remedy or a method of treatment is forbidden that under ordinary cases might be proper. - Contra-stimulant (żon-trah-stim/-u-lant) [contra, against; stimulare, to stimulate]. I. Counteracting the effect of a stimulus; depressing; sedative. 2. A sedative remedy. Contra-stimulism (Æon-trah-stim/-u-ligm) [contra, against; stimuſare, to stimulate]. The doctrine of contrastrimulus; Rasorianism. Contra-stimulus, or Contro-stimulus(kon-trah-stim/- at-lus, or kon-tro-stim/-u-ſus)[contra, against; stimulus, a stimulus]. An influence that is opposed, or acts in opposition, to a stimulus. Contrayerva (Aon-trah-yer/-vah) [contra, against; /herba, an herb]. The root of Dorstenia contrayerwa, a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. Its decoction is mucilaginous, and is serviceable in low fevers and malignant eruptive diseases. Dose 3 ss. Unof. Contrecoup (Aon/-ºr-koo) [Fr.]. Counter-stroke, a variety of injury by indirect violence, as by a blow on a remote part. See Contra-fissura. Contrectation (kon-trek-ta/-shun) [contrectatio, contrec- tare, to touch]. , Digital examination; palpation; touch ; manipulation, as in massage. Control (kon-trö/) [contra, against; rotula, a roll]. An experiment performed to test the correctness of the results of another experiment; a standard by which to check observations and insure the validity of their results. Also, a synonym for Control Animal. C. Animal. See C. Experiment. C. Experiment, an • CONTUSION 321 experiment carried out under normal or common cir- cumstances or conditions, to serve as a standard where- by to test the variation or value of another experi- ment carried out under peculiar or abnormal circum- stances. For instance, an animal is rendered immune by inoculation with some anti-specific agent. Such an animal is called the Immune Animal. Another animal, not having been previously rendered immune, is called the Control Animal. Both animals are then exposed to the action of, or are inoculated with, the specific virus in question, and the relative differences in the reaction of the two animals to the last inocula- tion or exposure constitute the conclusions of the experiment. - Contusion (kon-tuſ-zhun) [contusio, contundere, to bruise]. A bruise or injury by a blunt weapon, or by collision, without breaking the skin or covering. C.- pneumonia, a form of pneumonia following trauma- tism. It is of frequent occurrence. Conus (ko'-nus) [kóvog, a cone; pl., Coni]. A cres- centic patch of atrophic choroid tissue near the optic papilla in myopia. C. arteriosus, the conoid eminence of the right ventricle of the heart, whence arises the pul- monary artery. C. medullaris, the cone-like termina- tion of the spinal cord, continuous as the filum ter- minale. Coni vasculosi, a series of conical masses that together form the globus major of the epididymis. Convalescence (kon-val-es/-ems) [convalescere, to be- come well]. A term applied to the restoration to health after the subsidence of a disease or ailment. Convalescent (żon-val-es’-ent) [convalescere, to be- come well]. I. One recovering from a sickness. 2. Recovering from sickness. Convallamarin (kon-val-am’-ar-in) valley; amarus, bitter], Cash;4O12: line whitish powder; a glucosid derived from Conval- Maria. It is a rather active poison. See Convallaria majalis. [convallis, a Convallaria (Kon-val-aſ-re-ah) [convallis, a valley]. A genus of liliaceous plants. C. majalis, Lily of the Valley. All parts of the plant are used in medicine. Its properties are due to contvallarin, Cs, H&Oil, and convallamarin, Cashiº,012, glucosids. It is a prompt cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant, valuable as a heart-tonic. Unlike digitalis, it has no cumulative effect. C., Ext., soluble in water. Dose gr. ij-x. C., Ext., Fld., alcoholic. Dose mu ij-xj. C. infusum, prepared with three times its weight of water. Dose 3 ss—ij. Convallamarin, or Convallamarinum, is soluble in water. Dose gr. 4.—ij. All unof. Convallarin (£on-val/-ar-in) [convallis, a valley], Cai Hº,011. A purging, crystalline glucosid derived from Corzzallaria. Convallarrhetin (£on-val-ar-e'-tin) [convallis, a valley; bntívm, resin), Cºsłłs,C8. A poisonous resiniform sub- stance obtainable from convallarin upon the separation of glucose from the latter. - Convection (Aon-vek/-shun) [convehere, to carry to- gether]. A transmission or carrying, as of heat or electricity, C.-current, a current of a liquid or gas heated to a temperature above that of the surrounding medium; it rises to the surface because of its lighter density, and thus the entire fluid or gas acquires the same temperature. Convergence (&on-ver’-jens) [convergere, to tend to a center]. Inclination or a direction toward a common point, center, or focus, as, e.g., of the axes of vision upon the near-point. C.-theory, a theory that ac- counts for the production of myopia by the pressure exerted by the external ocular muscles upon the eye- ball in convergence, this pressure leading to distention of the eyeball. A bitter, crystal- COOPER'S ARSENIOUS OINTMENT Convergent (żon-ver/-jent) [con, together; vengere, to incline]. In biology, coming together. Tending to a common center. C. Strabismus. See Strabismus. Convex (Aon-veks') [convexus, vaulted]. Rounded, as a swelling of a round or spheric form on the external surface; gibbous; opposed to concave. Convexity (kon-veks/-īt-e) [convexus, convex]. A surface rounding outward; the quality of being con- Vex. Convexo-concave and Convexo-convex (kon-veks/- o-kon-kāv, Aon-ve/s/-o-Aon-veks). See Lens. Convolute (kon/-vo-lat) or Convoluted (Áom/-vo-lu- ted) [convolutus, rolled together]. Rolled together. C. Bones. See 7 urbinated Aones. Convolution (Åon-vo-ſu/-shun) [convolvere, to roll to- gether]. A folding and turning upon itself of any organ, as the cerebrum and the small intestines; any gyrus of the brain. A Table of the Convolutions of the Cerebrum is added. (See page 323.) Convolvulin (£on-vol/-zu-lin) [convolvere, to roll to- gether], Cai H30018. A glucosid derived from the roots of Jalap (Convolvulus purga). It is a gummy mass, with active purgative properties. Convolvulus (Åon-vol’-vu-lus) [convolvere, to roll to- gether]. A genus of plants. C. panduratus, wild potato. The tuber is a mild cathartic. Dose gr. xl. Unof. C. purga. See /a/ap. C. scammonia. Scammony. Convulsant (żon-vul/-samt) [convellere, convulsum, to pull together]. A medicine that causes convulsions. Convulsion (kon-vul'-shun) [convellere, to convulse]. A general paroxysm of involuntary muscular contrac- tion, whether tonic or (more especially) clonic. Loss of consciousness and voluntary control of the muscles, with clonic, tonic, or mixed contraction, etc. It may be due to epilepsy, other functional or or- ganic disease of the brain, circulation, etc.; or may be cataleptic, hysteric, choreic, etc. See, also, Apilepsy. C., Infantile, due to a number of causes, such as rickets, exhaustion, etc.; sometimes called “screaming fits.” C., Puerperal. See Eclampsia. C., Salaam, Eclampsia nutans, g. v. C., Uremic, due to the altered state of the blood in disease of the kidney. Convulsionary (Kon-zuſ’-shun-a-re) [conve/ſere, to con- vulse]. One who is subject to convulsions; especially one of a set of patients who are subject to epidemic or imitative convulsions. Convulsivant (con-vu/-siv-ant) [convellere, to con- lººk An agent that causes convulsions. Convulsive (£on-vul'-siv) [conve/lere, to convulse]. Marked by convulsions or spasms. C. Cerebral Typhus. See Dubini's Disease. C. Cough. See Cynobex hebetis. C. Tic. See Habit-Spasm. C. Tremor. See Paramyoclonus. Conydrin (£o-ni/-drin). See Conhydrin. Cook's (Alleyer) Hematoxylin Solution. A solu- tion for staining microscopic sections. Extract of log- wood 6 gm., alum 6 gm., cupric sulphate I gm., and water, 40 c.c. are rubbed up into a paste in a mortar. This is allowed to stand for two days, and then filtered, and a crystal of thymol is added to the filtrate for preserving. See Stains, Zable of Cooper's (Sir Astley) Arsenious Ointment. An oint- ment composed of arsenious acid and sulphur, each one part, spermaceti cerate, eight parts. It has been used as a local application in skin-affections. C. Fascia. See Scarpa's Aascia. C. Hernia. See Aernia, and Piseases, Table of C. Irritable Breast. Synonym of Mastodynia, C. Irritable Testicle. Synonym of Orchiagia. C. Ligaments. See Zigaments. C. Method. See Treatment, Methods of C. Operations. 2I CONVOLUTIONS 322 sº "A º," ... I ݺ 4. º jº º º |jº º ºls º º iº-fºrº lſº . . . | ſ | , ñft | | º º #|| . ſºlº w §§ - ſ' " º . * - º º º ºy i º #) || || t º | | 7 º sºº 9–ºft º º º ºr 9 Kºy \º N. : " "...] \{{tlſ|| CONVOLUTIONS OF THE SUPERIOR ASPECT OR Convexity of THE CEREBRUM. I, I. Fissure of Rolando. 2, 2. Ascending frontal convolution. 3, 3. As- cending and superior parietal convolutions. 4, 4. First frontal con- volution. 5, 5. Second frontal. 6, 6. Third frontal. 7, 7. First occi- pital. 8, 8. Second occipital. 9, 9. Third occipital. 10. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. II, II. Posterior extremity. 'llº º | sº º º ºs-15 15 ă i º º :14. 147 ºis 13-# "|º. º, ºr º | || | ::it: 12-flºiſ; *i;#–11 º - º | #/iWºłºś.") 17 º *|| !ºyºº. º tº i;. t, º: * , i º Tºti'ſſilſ lift. º §ººl; （i. t º illiº: º #º º ||||| | 9|\ E. . º |}}} iº "lºft \º º º tº "lift|;" "| - | º #|| # CONVOLUTIONS OF THE INFERIOR ASPECT OF THE CEREBRUM. 1. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. Tuber cinereum and in fundibulum. 4. Corpora albicantia or mammillaria. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Sylvius. 8. Testes. Io. Inferior surface of frontal lobe. I 1. Convolution of the fissure of COPIOPIA \ See Operations, Table of C. Ventilator. See Vezz/i/ation. Coopers' Knee. An enlarged bursa patellae found in coopers, as the result of pressure exerted by the knee against the barrel. Coördination (Åo-or-din-a/-shun) [con, to- gether; ordinare, to regulate]. The har- monious activity and proper sequence of operation of the various organs of the body, especially of those parts that coöperate in the performance of any function. Copaiba (Ao-pa/-e-ba/) [Sp.]. Balsam of Copaiba. The oleoresin of Copaifera off- cinalis, C. coriacea, C. guianensis, C. multi- juga, C. cordifolia, C. laxa, C. 7ziţida, C. oblongifolia, and C. Zangsdorffii, legumin- ous trees, native to South America. It is a stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an ex- pectorant, and is much used in gonorrhea, although now considered of doubtful value. C., Massa, Copaiba 94, magnesia 6 parts. Dose mix–3.j. C., Mist. Comp., Lafay- ette’s mixture, unof., copaiba 3 vij, oil cubebs 3.j, glyceritivitelli gvij; triturate and add syr. aq. menth. piperit. 3 iss; then add, with constant stirring, liq. potass. 3 SS, tinct. cardamon comp. 3 iſ, spt. aether, nitrosi, 3 SS, aq. menth. piperit, q.s. to make 3 viij. Dose 3j-3ss. C., O1. Dose mux–xv. C., Re- sina, mainly copaibic acid. Dose gr. j—v. Copal (Ao’-ſa/) [Mex., copalli, resins]. Anime. These terms include a number of related resins that are of both fossil and recent origin. The copal resins, when of good quality, are too hard to be scratched by the nail, have a conchoid fracture, and a specific gravity ranging from I.O59 to I.O.80. Unlike others, they are soluble with difficulty in alcohol and essential oils, and are, therefore, valuable for making var- nishes. The softer kinds are called anime. Copalche (40-pa/-che) [Mex.]. The bark of Croton niveus and other trees of tropical America. The term is a vague one, and is little used in medical literature. Copalin, Copalm (Ao’-ſa/-in, Ao’-palm) [Mex., copalli, resins]. The sweet-gum tree, Liquidambar styraciflua; also the resin that in warm latitudes exudes from it, the so-called Highgate resin. Copeman's Method. A method of over- coming the nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy. It consists in digital dilatation of the cervix uteri to a slight degree, not sufficient to induce abortion. Copernicia cerifera (Āo-per-mish/-e-ah ser- f’-er-ah). See Carnauba. - Cophosis (Åo-fo/-sis) [Kopóg, deaf J. Deaf. ness or dulness of hearing. Copiopia (Aop-i-o'-pe-ah) [kóToº, a straining; Öip, eye). Eye-strain; weariness of the eyes. C. hysterica, a term applied to those symptoms that indicate hyperesthesia of the fifth and optic nerves. Sylvius. 12. Olfactory nerve. 13. Third convolu- tion of inferior surface of frontal lobe. I4. Fourth convolution. I5. Third convolution of external surface of frontal lobe. 16. External border of posterior lobe. , 17. Sphenoidal extremity. 18. Oc- cipital extremity. 19. Hippocampal convolution. 20. External convolution of posterior lobe. 21. Middle convolution. 22. Internal convolution. 23. Gyrus fornicatus. º CONVOLUTIONS 323 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM. NAME. LOCATION. BOUNDARIES. Abrupt. Small convolutions at the extremity of the occipi- - tal lobe. Angular. Posterior portion of inferior parietal lobule. Anteriorly, continuous with the supra- marginal convolution. ... Inferiorly, continuous with the middle temporo- Sphenoidal convolution. Posteriorly, connected with the occipital lobe by the annectant convolutions. Annectant (4). Occipital lobe. Connect the occipital with the tem- poro-sphenoidal and parietal lobes. Annectant, external. See Annectant, first. Annectant, first. Occipital lobe; a portion of the superior occipital convolution. Joins the superior occipital convolu- tion with the superior parietal lobe. Annectant, second. Occipital lobe, posterior part. Connects the angular and middle con- volutions. Annectant, Superior. See Paroccipital. Antero-parietal. See Frontal, ascending. Antero-temporal. See Temporal, first. Antorbital. Frontal lobe (of orang-outang), orbital surface. Internally, olfactory lobe. Arcuate. See Uncinate. Of Arnold. See Posterior, inferior. Basilar, internal. Frontal lobe (orbital face); probably the rectus convolution, g. v. Basirrhinal. Temporal lobe, near tip. Hippocampal and amygdaline fissures. Breves, The larger number of the insular convolutions, as distinguished from the long insular. Bridging. See Azzzzectant. Broca’s. The inferior or third frontal convolution, g. v. Callosal. See Fornicate. Calloso-marginal. See Fornicate. Central, anterior. See Frontal, ascending. Central, posterior. See Parietal, ascending. Choroid, anterior. In the embryo, the convexity of the parietes of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Choroid, inferior. See Choroid, posterior. Choroid, posterior. In the embryo, a convexity posterior to the ante- rior choroid convoiution in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Choroid, superior. See Choroid, anterior. Of the corpus callosum, See Fornicate. See Orbital convolutions. Cruciate. Cuneate. Occipital lobe, median aspect of cerebrum; Above, parieto-occipital fissure. Be- wedge-shaped. lozv, calcarine fissure, Cuneiform. See Abrupt. Dentate. In the dentate fissure; rudimentary in man. Above, the taenia hippocampi; termi- - nates in the notch of the uncinate gyrus. ſ)escending. Occipital lobe. Anteriorly, post-calcarine fissure. Divisus, See Frontal, ascending. D'ourlet. See Form ſcate. External (4). Convexity of each cerebral hemisphere (of dog). CONVOLUTIONS 324 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.—Cona/İzzed. NAME. LOCATION. BOUNDARIES. Fornicate. Median surface of cerebrum, immediately above Above, calloso-marginal fissure. In- the corpus callosum. ternally, great longitudinal fissure. Belozo, corpus callosum. Frontal. See Frontal, ascending. Frontal, ascending. Frontal lobe. Above and below, generally continuous with the ascending parietal convolu- tion. Posteriorly, fissure of Rolando. Anteriorly, precentral and supercen- tral fissures. Frontal, first. See Frontal, superior. Frontal, inferior. Frontal lobe, lower and outer portion, U-shaped convolution; forms an essential part of Broca's speech-center. Above, subfrontal fissure. Posteriorly, the ascending frontal convolution. Anteriorly, becomes the posterior orbital convolution. Frontal, lower. See Frontal, inferior. Frontal, middle. See Frontal, second. Frontal, second. Frontal lobe between the superior and inferior frontal convolutions. Posteriorly, continuous with the as- cending frontal convolution. Ante- riorly, continuous with the middle orbital convolution. Above, super- frontal fissure. Belozy, subfrontal fissure. Frontal, straight. Frontal, superior. See Rectus. Frontal lobe. Posteriorly, continuous with ascend- ing frontal c. Anteriorly, continuous with the internal orbital. Its mesal surface is called the marginal c. Be- lozw, the superfrontal fissure. Frontal, third. See Frontal, inferior. Frontal, transverse. Frontal, upper. See Frontal, ascending. See Frontal, superior. Fronto-marginal. Frontal lobe of cerebrum, median aspect. Above, fronto-marginal fissure. Belozw, supercallosal fissure. Fronto-parietal, middle. See Frontal, superior. Fusiform. See Suðcollateral. Geniculate. “Passes from the anterior extremity of the forni- cate convolution over the upper surface of the callosum, becoming the medial and lateral striae Lancisi.” Glossiform. See Subcalcarine. Hippocampal. Extends from the splenium, dipping behind and Infero-frontal. below the callosum, and continuing forward to the uncinate convolution. See Subfrontal. The hippocampal and collateral fis- sures. Anteriorly, the uncinate con- volution. Posteriorly, the splenium. Inflected. A V-shaped convolution about the inflected fis- Sul re. Infra-marginal. Insular. Insular, long. Temporo-sphenoidal lobe, the superior convolu- tion. One of a roup of small convolutions that form the islan of Reil. A portion of the insula; recognized by its length and horizontal direction. Above, the Sylvian fissure. Belozo, the super-temporal or parallel fissure. Intercentral. The convolution between the two parallel central | The parallel central fissures. fissures, in the rare cases in which two co-exist. Internal. See Fornicate. Lingual. See Subcalcarine. Longitudinal, superior internal. See Fornicate. Marginal. Frontal lobe. Internally, longitudinal fissure. Infe- 7-iorly, the calloso-marginal fissure. Posteriorly, the calloso-marginal fis- Sure and fissure of Rolando. CONVOLUTIONS 325 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.—Cozzzzzzzzez. NAME. LOCATION. BOUNDARIES. Marginal, external. See Fornicate. Marginal, inferior. See Supertemporal. Marginal, internal. The lamina of the septum lucidum and dentate convolution. Above and externally, by the fornicate convolution. Medifrontal. See Frontal, second. Medio-parietal, transverse. See Parietal, ascending. Meditemporal. Middle of temporal lobe; a small horizontal con- Above, the supertemporal fissure. Be- volution. 1ozy, meditemporal fissure Posteri- orly, continuous with the angular . - convolution. Mendel's. See Opercular. Nuclear; also called Rauber’s con- volution. A fold of gray matter in the olivary body. Occipital, fifth. Occipital lobe (of gorilla). Corresponds to the lingual convolution of man. Occipital, first. See Occipital, superior. Occipital, fourth. Occipital lobe (of gorilla). Corresponds to the fusiform of man. Occipital, inferior. Occipital lobe. Aöozye, middle occipital fissure. Belozy, inferior occipital fissure. Anteriorly, continuous with middle temporo- sphenoidal convolution. Occipital, lower. See Occipital, inferior. Occipital, middle. Occipital lobe, between the first and third occi- pital convolutions. Superiorly, transverse occipital fis- sure. Inferiorly, inferior longitudi- nal and occipital fissures., Internally, the median longitudinal fissure. Ex- ternally or anteriorly, it runs into the angular gyrus. - Occipital, second. See Occipital, middle. Occipital, superior. Occipital lobe, superior surface, upper convolu- tion. . Connected with the superior parietal by the annectant gyrus. Occipital, third. See Occipital, inferior. Occipital, upper. See Occipital, superior. Occipito-temporal. Lower surface of temporo-sphenoidal lobe. Occipito-temporal, inferior. See Subcollateral. Occipito-temporal, lateral. See Subcollateral. Occipito-temporal, middle. See Suðcalcarine. Occipito-temporal, superior. See Subcalcarine, Olfactory. Arises in the anterior perforated space, passing forward in the olfactory sulcus, and ending in the olfactory bulb. Olfactory, external. The lateral root of the olfactory tract. Internally, the olfactory groove. Olfactory, internal. Frontal lobe; the ridge along the inner side of the olfactory groove. The internal root of the ol- factory tract. Opercular; also called Mendel’s con- wolution. Frontal lobe. Enters into the operculum. Of the operculum. See Brezes. Orbital. —t— Frontal lobe; small convolutions on the orbital surface. Orbital, anterior. Frontal lobe. Continuous with the middle frontal convolution. Posteriorly, orbital sul- CllS. Orbital, external. See Frontal, inferior. Orbital, internal. Frontal lobe. Internally, the rectus convolution. CONVOLUTIONS 326 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.—Confºrzzzed. NAME. LOCATION. BOUNDARIES. Orbital, lateral. Frontal lobe. The ventral portion of the subfrontal convolution. Orbital, middle. Frontal lobe. ‘Internally, the internal orbital convo- lution. Orbital, posterior. Frontal lobe, a small convolution. Anteriorly and internally, the orbital fissure. Continuous with the inferior frontal convolution. Orbital, transverse. Frontal lobe, posterior portion of inferior surface, Paracentral. Parietal and post-frontal lobes, mesial aspect. It Belozv, the paracentral fissure. Dor- is the motor area for some part of the leg. sal, the precuneus. Pararolandicus. See Paracentral. Parietal. See Superior. Parietal, ascending. Parietal lobe. Anteriorly, fissure of Rolando. Poste- riorly, intraparietal fissure. Belozy, fissure of Sylvius. Above and below, usually continuous with the ascend- ing frontal, and also above with the superior parietal convolutions. Parietal, first. See Parietal, superior. Parietal, inferior. See Subparietal. Parietal, middle. See Angzelar. Parietal, posterior. See Parietal, ascending. Parietal, second. See Angular and Subparietal. Parietal, superior. Parietal lobe. Continuous anteriorly with ascending frontal $.". , Anteriorly, upper part of fissure of Rolando. Posteri- orly, the external parieto-occipital fissure. Inferiorly, the intraparietal fissure. Parietal, third. See Marginal. Parietal, upper. See Parietal, superior. Parieto-occipital, lateral. See Occipital, middle. Pariet 3- 9 ccipital, middle (of Occipital lobe; the dorsal surface of the superior Schwalbe). occipital convolution. Paroccipital. Occipital and parietal lobes; U-shaped, curving | Laterally, the paroccipital fissure. around the dorsal end of the occipital fissure. Mesially, the margin of the cerebrum. Post-central. See Parietal, ascending. Postcruciate. Posterior portion of the sigmoid convolution. Posterior, inferior (of Arnold). Occipito-temporal lobe, ventral aspect. Postero-parietal. See Parietal, ascending. Post-frontal. See Post-cruciate. Postrolandicus. See Parietal, ascending. Precentral. See Frontal, ascending. Precruciate. In the dog's brain, the convolution lying in front | Posteriorly, the cruciate fissure. of the cruciate fissure. Prefrontal. See Precruciate. -*. - Preorbital. Prefrontal lobes at junction of frontal and orbital | Caudad, preorbital (or orbito-frontal) aspects of the cerebrum. fissure. Prerolandicus. See Frontal, ascending. Quadrate. Parietal lobe of cerebrum, median surface. Anteriorly, calloso-marginal fissure. Posteriorly, the parieto-occipital fis- sure. Below, continuous with the fornicate convolution. Rauber’s. See Wuclear. Rectus. Frontal lobe, orbital aspect. Between the olfactory fissure and the mesial margin. CONVOLUTIONS - 327 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.—Cozzzzzzzzea. NAME. LOCATION. BOUNDARIES. Retrocentral. See Parietal, ascending. Rolandicus, anterior. See Precentral. Rolandicus, posterior. See Post-central. Sagittal. In Edentata, the longitudinal convolution. Of Schwalbe. See Parieto-occipital, middle. Lies next to the longitudinal fissure. Surrounding the cruciate fissure. Sigmoid. A U-shaped convolution, including important motor area.S. Straight. See Rectats. Subcalcarine. Occipital and temporal lobes; a narrow convolu- tion. Aboze, calcarine fissure. Belozo, col- lateral fissure. Peripherad, the cu- In ellS. Subcallosal (of Zuckerkandl). Mesial aspect of cerebrum. Reaches from the chiasm to the ros- trunn. Subcollateral. Temporal lobe; the fusiform lobules of the brain. Connects the occipital and temporal lobes. Abozye, collateral fissure. Be- lozv, subtemporal fissure. Subfrontal. See Frontal, inferior. - Subparietal. Parietal lobe. Aboze, parietal fissure. Anteriorly, - continuous with the marginal and angular convolutions. Posteriorly, the paroccipital fissure. Subtemporal. See Temporal, inferior. Superfrontal. See Frontal, superior. Superior. See Temporo-sphenoidal, superior. Supertemporal. See Infra-marginal. Supra-marginal. Inferior parietal lobe, anterior portion. Anteriorly, the inferior extremity of the intraparietal fissure. Belozº, con- tinuous with the ascending parietal and superior temporo-sphenoidal convolutions. Supra-orbital. See Frontal, inferior. Supra-sylvian. The third external convolution of the dog. Sylvian. In Marsupials, the portion of the brain surround- ing the fissure of Sylvius. Temporal, first. See Infra-marginal Temporal, inferior. Temporo-sphenoidal lobe; the lowest of the three convolutions. Posteriorly, connected with the third occipital convolution. Above, the meditemporal fissure. Belozy, the subtemporal fissure. Temporal, inframarginal. See Temporo-sphenoidal, superior. Temporal, lateral inferior. See Temporal, inferior. Temporal, lower. See Temporo-sphenoidal, inferior. Temporal, middle. See Meditemporal. Temporal, second. See Meditemporal. Temporal, superior. See Infra-marginal. Temporal, third. See Subtemporal. Temporal, transverse. Temporal lobe, ental surface; a number (2 to 4) of short convolutions near its extremity. Temporal, upper. See Infra-marginal. Temporo-occipital. See Occipital, inferior. Temporo-occipital, internal. See Fusiform. Temporo-occipital, middle. See Calcarine. Temporo-sphenoidal, first. See Temporo-sphenoidal, superior. COPODYSCINESIA 328 COPYOPIA TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.—Continued. NAME. LOCATION. BOUNDARIES. Temporo-sphenoidal, inferior. See Temporal, inferior. Temporo-sphenoidal, middle. See Meditemporal. Temporo-sphenoidal, superior. See Infra-marginal. Transeundus. See Transitional. Transitional. A small convolution. Anteriorly, the ascending branch of the fissure of Sylvius. Transverse. See Frontal, ascending. Triangular. Frontal lobe. Posteriorly, the opercular convolution. Unciform. See Brezwes. Uncinate. Temporo-sphenoidal lobe (median surface). Above, the calcarine and dentate fis- sures. Below, the collateral fissure. Internally, the great longitudinal fis- SUIT e. Vaulted. See Fornicate. Of Zuckerkandl. See Subcallosal. Copodyscinesia (£op-o-dis-in-e/-ze-ah) [kóTog, toil, fatigue; dug, hard; kivmouc, motion]. Difficult or faulty motion due to constant repetition of the same act. Lewis’s term for the so-called Fatigue-diseases. Copopsia (Ao-pop/-se-ah). See Copiopia. Copos (Áop/-os) [kóTog, fatigue]. I. Lassitude; exhaus- tion after illness. 2. Cramp in the calves of the legs. Copper (Aop/-er) [ME., coper, copper]. Cuprum. A reddish-brown metal not used in medicine in its metallic form, but represented by several salts. The latter are gastro-intestinal irritants, producing nausea and emesis. See Blements, Table of C. acetate, Cu (C, H, O,), verdigris, used in pulmonary diseases, and as a lotion in skin-diseases. Dose gr. ſº-#. C. aceto-arsenite, Paris Green, used as a pigment and an insecticide. C. ammoniate, unof., ammonium carbonate 3, cop- per Sulphate 4 parts. Useful in chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose gr. 96-j. C. arsenite, a salt valuable in intes- tinal diseases. Dose gr., rāg. C. nitrate (B. P.), Cu (NO3)3FI,O, is used for the same purposes as the sulphate. C. sulphate, CuSO4.5H,O, soluble in water, valuable as an emetic. Dose, as an emetic, gr. ii-V, as a tonic, gr. 96–9%. C. Amalgam, a metallic filling-material composed of chemically pure copper and redistilled mercury. C.-colic. See Colic. C.-glass. Same as AEgyptian Blue. C.-green. Same as Malachite-green. C. Indigo. Same as Oil Blue. C. Lazulite. Same as Azurite. C.-nose. Synonym of Acne rosacea. C., Potassio-tartrate Sol., Fehling's solution, unof., copper sulphate gr. 70, distilled water mu 4OO ; also dissolve Rochelle salt, gr. 488, in water mu I600 ; when required, mix and add water to make mu2720. Used as a test for glucose. Copperas (£op/-er-as) [cupri rosa, rose of copper (?)]. A common name for ferrous sulphate. See Aerrum. C.-black. See Pigments, Conspectus of Coppice-bark (žop/-is-bark). See Oak-5ark. Copra (Ao/-ra/ ) [Hind.]. The dried and crushed kernel of the cocoa-nut, from which cocoa-oil is ex- pressed. Copragogue (żop/-rag-og) [kóTpog, dung; áyoyáç, leading]. A remedy to carry off feces; a purgative. Copremesis (Áop-rem/-es-is) [kóTpog, dung; Éueouſ, vomiting]. The vomiting of fecal matter. Copremia (Aop-re/-me-ah) [ kóTpoc, dung; alua, blood]. A form of general blood-poisoning arising from absorption of unduly retained feces. This con- dition is occasionally met with in chronic constipation. The symptoms are anemia, sallow complexion, ano- rexia, frontal headache, vertigo, nausea, flatulence, thirst, lithemia, fetid breath, lassitude, hypochondri- asis, and irritability of temper. Copremic (Åop-rem/-ić) [kóTpoc, dung; #18qug, vom- iting]. Relating to or affected with copremia. Coproctic (Aop-ro/-tić) [kóTpoc, feces]. Relating to feces; fecal. - Coproecholalia (Aop-ro-ek-o-la/-le-ah) [kóTpoc, filth; #x0, an echo; Waſtá, a babbling]. The mechanical and purposeless utterance of obscene words by the 1I] San €. Coprolalia (Aop-ro-la/-le-ah) [kóTpoç, filth; Wańtá, speech]. The use of filthy and offensive language as a manifestation of disease. See Habit-spasm. Coprolith (Aop/-ro-lith) [kóTpoç, dung; Affog, stone]. A hard mass of fecal matter in the bowels. Coprophagous (Åop-roff’-ag-us) [kóTpoç, dung; payeiv, eat]. In biology, applied to dung-feeding beetles. Coprophagy (AEop-roff’-a-ſe) [kóTpog, dung; payeiv, to eat]. The eating of ordure; a symptom some- times seen in insane and hysterical patients. Coprophilous (Åop-roff’-i/-us) [kóttpog, dung; piñoc, ºl. In biology, fond of feeding or growing upon ung. Coprorrhea (kop-ror-e'-ah) [kóTpoc, dung; héety to flow]. Synonym of Diarrhea. Coprostasia (Aop-ro-sta/-se-ah). See Coprostasis. Coprostasis (Aop-rosſ-tas-is) [kóTpog, dung; orágic a standing]. The accumulation of fecal matter; arrest of the onward movement of fecal matters. Coptin (£op/-än) [kóttetv, to cut]. A colorless alka- loid of Goldthread. See Coptis Coptis (kop'-tis) [kóttetv, to cut]. Goldthread. The root of C. trifolia, a simple bitter tonic resembling quassia. . It contains copſin, an alkaloid closely allied to berberin. Dose gr. x-xxx. Copula. (Aop/-u-la/) [L., “a band’” J. I. The cop- zºla alºa cerebri, an anterior commissure of the cere- brum. 2. A thin lamina joining the rostrum with the terma. Copulation (£op-u-la/-shun) [copulare, to couple]. The act of sexual intercourse. Copyopia (Aop-e-o/-pe-ah). See Copiopia. º COQUELUCHE Coqueluche (köA-lish/) [Fr., a hood or cowl]. onym of Zn/luenza, also of Whooping-cough. Coquet or Coquette (Ao-ket/) [Fr.]. Synonym of In- ſluenza. Coquilles º [Fr.]. curved like shells. Cor (kor) [L. ; gen., cordis]. The heart. See Heart. In biology, according to Caesalpino, the seat of the principle of life in plants. See A'oot-neck. C. adipo- sum, a heart with a simple excess of the normal sub- pericardial fat, C. biloculare, reptilian heart; a congenital condition in which there is absence or de- ficiency of the septa of both cardiac auricles and ventricles. C. bovinum. See Aozine A/eart. C. seminis, the heart of the seed; the corcle or corcule. C. villosum, hairy heart; the peculiar shaggy ap- pearance presented by the heart in acute plastic peri- carditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in long shreds. Coraco- (£or/-ak-o-) [Kópač, a crow]. Pertaining to the coracoid process, as C.-brachialis. See Muscles, Zable of Coracoid (kor/-ak-oid) [Kópaş, a crow ; eiðoç, likeness]. I. Having the shape of a crow’s beak. 2. The cora- coid process. C. Ligament, a triangular ligament joining the coracoid process to the acromion. C. Process, a beak-shaped process of the scapula. Coracopectoralis (kor-ak-o-pek-tor-a/-lis) [kópač, a crow; pectus, the breast]. The pectoralis minor muscle. See Muscles, Zable of Coral (Aor/-al) [kopá%tov, coral]. The hard sub- stance secreted by marine polyps. C. Calculus, a peculiar dendritic form of calculus found in the pelvis of the kidney, and forming a complete mold of the infundibula and calices. - Coral Root (Aor/-a/ root). Crawley. The root of Coral/orhiza odontorhiza, a prompt and powerful diaphoretic that is used in fevers. Dose gr. xxx. C., Fld., Ext. Dose mixv-xxx. Unof. Coralliform (kor-a/-äform) [corallum, coral; forma, shapel. In biology, resembling coral. Corallin (&or/-a/-än) [coral/inus, coral-red]. A color- ing-matter derived from rosolic acid and alcoholic am- monia. It is used for dyeing red, and is noteworthy as being a cause of local and general poisoning, and it is liable to lead to cutaneous and constitutional affections in those who wear garments dyed with it. Some observers ascribe its ill-effects to an arsenical admixture. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.-yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Corallite (Äor/-a/-īt) [corallum, coral]. In biology, the calcareous calyx or cup of a single coral polyp. Corbiculum (kor-bik/-it-lum) [corbis, a basket]. In biology, applied to the pollen-basket or the inner side of the tarsus of a bee. Cord [chorda, a string]. Used as a synonym for the Ombilical Cord, the vascular, cord-like structure con- necting the placenta and fetus. C., Coiling of, loops about the fetus or its members. C., Columns of. See Columns. C., False or Superior (vocal), a fold of mucous membrane on either side of the middle line of the larynx, inclosing the superior thyro-aryte- noid ligament. C., Knots of, real knots of the cord Syn- A variety of dark eyeglasses formed by the passage of the fetus through a loop. . Aalse Knots, accumulations of Wharton’s jelly at par- ticular points. C., Presentation of, descent of the cord, at the beginning of labor, between the presenting part and the membranes. C., Prolapse of, descent at the rupture of the bag of waters; incomplete, if remaining in the vagina, complete, if protruding there- from. C., Spinal. See Spinal Cord. C., Torsion of, twisting upon its axis. The blood-vessels of the 329 CORIANDER cord make about 40 spiral turns. C., Vocal. See Vocal Aand. C. of Weitbrecht, the orbicular liga- ment of the elbow. See also Chorda. Corda (Aor/-dah). See Chorda. C. valvuleux, Du- four's term for the cecal pouches or pancreatic organs invariably and normally loaded with bacteria (Micro- coccus insectorum, Burrill) in certain families of the higher Hemiptera (Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae, Corime- Zenidae); invariably wanting in the lower Hemiptera. Cordial (Æor/-jal) [cor, the heart]. I. Pertaining to the heart; exhilarant; stimulant. 2. An aromatic, spirituous stimulant. Cordiale (Aor-de-a/-le) [L.]. A cordial. tus. See Blackberry Cordial. Corditis (kor-di/-tis). See Chorditis. Cordon (Aor/-dom) [Fr., a cord or rope]. A chain of posts to enforce a quarantine against a place infected with an epidemic disease. Cordylus (4or/-diſ-us) [kopóð%m, a club]. In biology, one of the tentacular “auditory clubs” of Hydrome- dusae. º Core (Áor) [ME., core, a core]. I. The central slough of a boil or carbuncle. 2. The axial or central por- tion of the terminal corpuscle in a nerve. 3. A bundle of soft iron wires used as a magnet in the cen. ter of a coil. Coreclisis (AEor-ek-li’-sis). See Corocłisis. Corectasis (Äor-ek/-fas-is) [kópm, pupil; £kTagug, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the pupil. Corectome (Äor-ek/-dom) [kópm, the pupil; Škréuvetv, to cut out]. An instrument used in iridectomy. Corectomy (kor-ek/-to-me) [Köpm, pupil; Šktépuvetv, to cut out]. See /ridectomy, and Pupil, Artificial. Corectopia (Aor-ek-to/-pe-a/a) [kópm, pupil; £ktotrog, misplaced J. An anomalous position of the pupil; displacement of the pupil. Coredialysis (&or-e-di-a/-is-is) [Kópm, pupil; 6tažičtv, to liberate]. The production of an artificial pupil at the ciliary border of the iris. Corediastasis (Kor-e-di-as'-tas-is) [Köpm, pupil; 6táo Ta- ouc, dilatation]. Dilatation of the pupil. Corelysis (&or-el/-is-is) [Kópm, pupil; Žiotç, a loosen. ing]. The detachment of iritic adhesions to the lens, or to the cornea. Coremorphosis (Äor-e-mor/-ſo-sis) [Kópm, pupil; pºpp- oqug, formation]. See Pupil, Artificial. - Corenclisis (Áor-en-Ali’-sis) [Kópm, pupil; £) kžeiotç, in- clusion]. The formation of a new pupil by displace- ment, the iris being drawn aside and in part excised. Coreometer (kor-e-om/-et-er), [Kópm, pupil, uéTpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the pupil of the eye. Corephthisis C. rubi fruc- (&or-eſ’-tis-is) [kópm, pupil; pſlaug, a wasting]. See Corophthisis. Coreplasty (Áor’-e-plas-te). See Pupil, Artificial. Coreses (Äor’-es-ez) [Köpug, a bed-bug). In botany, reddish discoid bodies found beneath the skin of grapes. Coretomy (Kor-et/-o-me) [Kópm, pupil; Téuvetv to cut]. Iridotomy or iridectomy; any surgical cutting opera- tion on the iris. Coriaceous (Åor-e-a/-she-us) [corium, leather]. In biol- ogy, leathery. Coriamyrtin (Æo-re-am-er’-fin) [corium, a hide; myr- tus, myrtle]. An exceedingly poisonous principle, a glucosid, obtained from the fruit of Coriaria myrtiſo/ia. Coriander, or Coriandrum (Æo-re-an/-der, Ko-re-an/- drum) [kopfavvov, coriander]. Coriander. The fruit of C. sativum, an aromatic carminative and stim- ulant, used mainly to give flavor to other remedies and as a corrective to griping purgatives. Dose gr. x-xx. C., O1, the volatile oil. Dose mu ij-v. CORIARIA Coriaria (ko-re-a/-re-ah) [L.]. A genus of poisonous shrubs of several species, having a wide geographic distribution. C. myrtifolia, used in dyeing and tan- ning, has poisonous berries and shoots. The seeds and shoots of C. sarmentosa of New Zealand afford what is called foot-poison. The memory is said to be impaired after recovery from poisoning by this plant. Unof. Corium (Æo'-re-um) [L., leather]. the cutis. Cork (£oré) [cortex, bark]. A substance obtained from the outer part of the sub-epidermic bark of certain oaks, as Quercus ruber and Q. occidentalis, of the Mediterranean region; extensively used in pharmacy, and to some extent in surgery. C.-oak. See Oak- bark. C.-black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Corm (AEorm) [Kopuðg the trunk of a tree]. The bulb- ous underground part of certain plants, as the crocus. Cormophyte (Äor’-mo-fit) [Koppióg, the trunk of a tree; Øvrów a plant]. In biology, a term formerly applied to vascular cryptogams and flowering plants—to all plants possessing roots, stems and leaves. Cormus (kor/-mus) [cormus, a tree-trunk; pl., Cormi]. In biology, a colony of animals, associated “per- sonae.” See Corm. Corn [cornu, horn]. A local induration and thicken- ing of the skin from friction or pressure. See Clavus. C.-flower. See Centaurea. C.-plaster, a thick plaster worn over a corn, sometimes as a direct curative agent, and sometimes to prevent pressure and friction from the shoe. C.-silk, the long, thread-like styles of Indian corn, gathered while still green and succulent. It is used occasionally to relieve the pain and spasm of chronic and subacute cystitis, and is also recommended for gonorrhea, gravel, rheumatism, gout, etc. Dose of the tincture 3 ss to j. See Zea mays. C.-Smut. See Ustilago. C.-starch, the com- mercial name of a starch derived from maize, and extensively used as an article of food, especially for invalids. Cornalia's Corpuscles. Table of Cornalian Corpuscles. Table of Corne's Test. See Tests, Table of Cornea (kor/-ne-ah) [corneus, horny]. The transparent anterior portion of the eyeball, its area occupying about one-sixth the circumference of the globe. It is continuous with the sclerotic, and is nourished by lymph from the looped blood-vessels at its peripheral border. It is lined posteriorly by Descemet's membrane; the conjunctiva is firmly adherent to its substance in The deep layer of See Bacteria, Synonymatic See Bacteria, Synonymatic front. C., Conical. See Aeratoglobus. C., Leu- koma of. See Zeukoma. C., Tattooing of. See Za//ooing. C., Transplantation of, the operation of engrafting a section of transparent cornea from some animal into the space of an excised portion of leuko- matous human cornea. Corneal (Æor/-ne-a/) [corneus, horny]. Relating to the cornea. C. Reflex. See A’eſlexes, Zable of Cornein (Åor/-me-in) [corneus, horny], CºoH, N,011. The skeleton of gorgonia and certain corals. Corneitis (Áor-me-i/-/is). See A’eratitis. Corneocalcareous (Åor-me-o-Kal-ka/-re-us) [corneus, horny; calcareus, pertaining to lime]. In biology, formed of a mixture of horny and calcareous substances. Corneosilicious (Åor-ne-o-sil ish/-us) [corneus, horny; si/iceus, pertaining to flint]. In biology, applied to Sponges containing both horny and silicious substances. Corneous (Åor/-me-us) [corneus, horny]. Horny, or horn-like. C. Tissue, the substance of the nails. Cornet (&or-net/) [cornu, a horn]. A small ear-trum- 330 CORONAL pet worn within the auricula, and sometimes concealed by the hair of the wearer. Cornic Acid (Áor/-mić). See Cornin. Cornicle (Aor/-nik-2) [corniculum, dim. of cornu, a horn]. In biology, one of the horn-like excretory ducts on the back of a plant-louse. Corniculum (kor-mik/-u-lum) [cornicula, a little horn: pl., Cornicula]. A small cornu or horn-like process. C. laryngis, a small, horn-shaped mass of cartilage on the arytenoid cartilages; called also the Cartilages of Santorini. Cornification (£or-nifié-a/-shun) [corneus, horny; facere, to make]. The process of hardening or mak- ing horny. Corniform (&or’-niform) [cornu, a horn; forma, shapel. In biology, shaped like the horn of an ox. Cornin (£or’-min) [corneus, horny]. A precipitate from the tincture of the bark of Dogwood, Cornus florida ; it occurs in white, silky, bitter crystals, and is a tonic, stimulant, and astringent. Dose two to four grains. Unof. Corning's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Cornu (&or/-nu) [L. : pl., Cornua J. A horn. A name applied to any excrescence resembling a horn. C. ammonis, the hippocampus major of the brain. C. cervi, hartshorn or ammonium hydrate. C. cuta- neum, cornu humanum, a horn or excrescence arising from the skin, with a deeper portion imbedded within. These horns vary in shape and size, and may resemble the horns of lower animals. They are solid, dry, dense, smooth or corrugated, laminated or excavated on the surface,often elongated and conical at the extremity. In color they are white, gray, yellow, brown, or black. They may be single or multiple, and may in- volve any region of the body, though usually seen on the scalp and face. They are likely to recur on re- moval. C. humanum. See C. cutaneum. C. sacri, the prominence on each bone of the sacrum. Cornual (kor/-nu-al) [cornu, a horn]. Relating to a cornu. C. Myelitis, myelitis affecting the anterior cornua of the spinal cord. Cornuan's Operation. See Operations, Table of Cornus (Åor/-mus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark of the root of C. florida, with properties due to a crystalline principle, cornin. It is a simple stomachic, bitter and somewhat antiperiodic. C., Fld. Ext. Dose muz–3 j. Cornutin (kor-mu’-tin). One of the poisonous basic principles or alkaloids of Ergot. Unof. Coroclisis, or Corocleisis (ko-ro-Ali/-sis) [kópm, pu- pil; kāeiotç, a closure]. Pathologic closure or oblit- eration of the pupil. Corodialysis (Áor-o-di-a/-is-is)[Kópm, the pupil; 6tážvaig, a loosening]. See Iridodialysis. 3. Corodiastasis (&or-o-di-as'-tas-is) [kópm, the pupil; ôtáotagic, separation]. Dilatation of the pupil. Corolla (ko-ro/-ah) [corolla, dim, of corona, a crown]. In biology, the inner floral envelop. * Corona (40-ro'-nah) [corona, a garland]. A crown. See, also, Capsula. C. ciliaris, the ciliary ligament. C. dentis, the crown of a tooth, 7. v. C. glandis, the ridge of the glans penis. C. ovariana, the cres- centic area of tympany above the area of dulness in cases of ovarian tumor. C. radiata, a radiating mass of white brain-substance ascending from the in- ternal capsule to the cortex cerebri. C. veneris, a circle of syphilitic blotches occurring on the forehead; Sometimes dependent upon caries or inflammation of the frontal bone. - Coronad (Áor’-o-mad) [corona, the crown; ad, to]. Toward the coronal aspect of the head. Coronal (Aor-o’-mal) [corona, the crown]. Pertain- ing to the crown of the head. C. Intestine. See * CORONAMEN 331 Perogaster. C. Suture, the suture joining the frontal with the two parietal bones. Coronamen (&or-o-ma/-men) [L., a crowning: £2., Coronamina]. Same as Coronet. Coronary (kor/-o-na-re) [corona, a crown]. A term applied to vessels, nerves, or attachments that encircle a part or organ. C. Bone, the small pastern or me- dian phalanx of a horse's foot. Coronate (Äor/-o-măţ) [coronatus, to crown]. ology, provided with a crown. Coronen (ko-ro'-men) [corona, a crown]. Belonging to the corona in itself. Coroner (Åor/-o-mer) [coronator, a crown, an officer ap- pointed by the Crown]. An officer who inquires by authority of the law into the causes of deaths of sudden or violent occurrence. C., Inquest of, the legal inquiry before a jury into the cause of a sudden or violent death. Coronet (šor/-o-net) [Fr., coronette, dim. of corone, a crown]. I. In biology, a crowning circle of hairs. 2. In veterinary surgery, the lowest part of the pas- tern of the hoof, also called coronamen. Coronilla (Āor-o-ni/-ah). [dim. of corona, a crown]. A genus of leguminous herbs. C. emerus is purga- tive. C. scorpeoides, abundant in southwestern Europe, has doubtful value in cardiac affections when increased amplitude of pulsation is required. C. varia is diuretic, purgative, and poisonous. Unof. - Coronillin (£or-o-ni/-in) [dim, of corona, a crown]. A glucosid from Coronilla scorpeoides; it is said to be a diuretic cardiant. ^- Corono-basilar (&or-o-no-ba/-sil-ar) [corona, a crown; basis, the base]. Extending from the coronal suture to the basilar aspect of the head. Coronofacial (kor-o-no-ſa/-shal)[corona, crown; facies, face]. Relating to the crown of the head and to the face. - Coronoid (kor/-o-noid) [corona, crown; elóoc, like- ness]. Crown-shaped; as the C. process of the ulna or of the jaw. Coronule (kor/-o-mül) [coronula, dim. of corona, a crown]. In biology, the tuft of down forming a crown to certain seeds. Corophthisis (Áo-roff’-tis-is) [kópm, pupil; ºfficig, a wasting]. Habitual or permanent contraction of the pupil due to a wasting disease of the eye. Corpora (kor/-por-ah) [pl. of corpus, a body]. A general term applied to certain parts of the body having a rounded or ovoid shape. C. albicantia. See C. mam- millaria. C. arantii, the tubercles, one in the center of each segment of the semilunar valves. C. cavernosa, the cylindric bodies of erectile tissue forming the chief part of the penis. Also the two masses of erectile tissue composing the clitoris. See Penis. C. geni- culata, two small eminences projecting from the optic thalami. C. libera ar- ticulorum. Mures Ar- ticulorum; joint - mice; loose bodies, either fibro- matous, lipomatous, or chondromatous in nature, ſº occurring occasionally in 1 || $º joints. They vary in size from that of a pea to that of a walnut, and are of all shapes. They are most * : * * * frequent in the knee-joint. Ǻ They are of traumatic Corpora CAverNosA AND AD- origin. C. mammilla- JACENT PARTs, (Potter.) ria, Corpora albicantia; I. Corpora cavernosa. 2. Cor: the mammillary bodies pus spongiosum. , 3. Dorsal * vein. . Arteries. p J. * of the brain. They are Nerves.” 4. 5, 5 In bic CORPUSCLE formed by the spreading out on the surface of Gud- den's ganglion and an adjoining ganglion of the some- what interwoven fibers of Gudden's and Vicq d'Azyr's bundles. They form the bulbs of the fornix. C. olivaria, the two oval masses behind the pyramids of the medulla oblongata. C. oryzoidea, the rice- like corpuscles or melon-seed bodies of hygromata. C. pyramidalia, the two bundles of white matter of the medulla oblongata, situated below the pons varolii. C. quadrigemina, the optic lobes of the brain, the four rounded eminences situated under the corpus cal- losum. The anterior pair are called the mates, and the posterior, the testes. C. restiformia, the large columns or cord-like bodies extending from the me- dulla to the cerebrum. C. striata, two organs, one in each lateral ventricle of the brain, composed of the caudate and lenticular nuclei. The first, or intra- ventricular portion, extends into the lateral ventricle. C. wolffiana, the “primordial kidney.” Corporeal (kor-por’-e-al) [corpus, a body]. Pertain- ing to the body. C. Endometritis. See Andome- tritis. Corpse (korps) [ME., corps, a dead body]. See Cada- ver. C.-plant, the Monotropa uniſſora, a singular saprophytic plant of Asia and N. America ; it is a popular remedy for epilepsy and for sore-eyes. Unof. Corpulency (kor'-pu-len-se) [corpulentus, corpulent]. Obesity; fatness of the body. Corpulent º [corpulentus, corpulent]. Ex- cessively fat; obese. Corpus (Åor/-pus) [corpus, a body: p!., Corpora]. A body; the human body. C. of Arantius. See Ca/. Zostem. C. callosum. See Commissure. C. caver- nosum vaginae, the spongy tissue of the vagina. C. candicans, corpus mamillare ; a small white tubercle lying on the base of the brain, one on each side under the thalamus. The two form the boundary-point between the fore-brain and inter-brain ; each is com- posed of three nuclei. C. ciliare, the ciliary body of the eye. C. dentatum. See Olivary Body. Also a ganglion of the cerebellum, an open bag or capsule of gray matter, on section of a dentated outline, and open anteriorly. C. highmorianum, the mediastinum of the testis, a reflection inward of the tunica albuginea into the testicle at its posterior border. C. fimbriatum, the lateral thin edge of the taenia hippocampi. See also Fimbria. C. luteum, the yellow body. Hyper- trophy of the membrana propria, or reticulata of the ovisac, after the escape of the ovule. C. L., False, that resulting when pregnancy does not occur, called also the C. L. of Menstruation. C. L., True, that re- sulting when pregnancy takes place, called also the C. L. of Pregnancy, and differing in several respects from the first. C. mamillare. See Corpus cana'icans. C. pampiniforme, the parovarium. C. spongiosum, the spongy body enclosing the urethra, etc. C. stri- atum. See Corpora. C. trapezoides, the arbor of the cerebellum. C. trigonum. See Trigonum vesica. C. uteri. See Úterus. C. vertebrae. See Centrum, C. Vitreum. See Vitreous A'zemzor. Corpuscle (&or’-pus-2) [dim. of corpus). A name loosely applied to almost any small, rounded, or oval body. C., Bizzozero's. See Blood-platelets. C. of Blood, the minute, biconcave, flat discs, circular in man, elliptic in the camel, and oval in birds and reptiles. They are distinguished as red and white, or colorless. Red corpuscles have been divided, accord- ing to their size, into normoblasts (normal in size), megaloblasts or megalocytes (of excessive size), microblasts or microcytes (abnormally small), and poikiloblasts or poikilocytes (of irregular shape and size). The red corpuscles in the blood of man CORPUSCLE .. 33 are about gºt in. in diameter and rºws in thick. They consist of a colorless stroma (paraglobulin, cholesterin, lecithin, and neurin) infiltrated with color- ing-matter (hemoglobin). The white or colorless corpuscles are flattened, binucleated or trinucleated cells, about gºt in. in diameter, and exist in the ratio of 1 : 406 compared with red corpuscles. They possess contractile power, alter their shape readily, and in general appearance closely resemble amebae. They are most numerous in venous blood. The color- less corpuscles are variously designated as eosinophile, basophile, neutrophile, mononuclear, polynuclear, Aym- phocytes, transitional, large, small, etc. C. of Donné. See Colostrum-corpuscles. C., Eichhorst's, a special form of microcyte in the blood of those suffering from pernicious anemia. C., Gluge's, a variety of large cells containing fat-drops, myelin, or detritus. They are called also Compound Granule-Cells and Inſamma- CORPUscLE OF PACINI. Base, or proximal extremity. 2. Summit, or distal extremity. 3. Capsules displaying nuclei. 4, 4. Attachment of capsules to sheath of nerve-tubule. 5. Cavity CORPUsCLE OF KRAUSE. 1, 1, 1. Nerve-tubule. 2, 1. 2, 2. Its medullary sub- stance. 3, 3, 3 Nuclei of the sheath of Schwann. 4. Granular substance occupying the center of the corpuscle and the contained nuclei. of corpuscle. 6 Nerve-tubule. 7, 7. Nerve-tubule successively losing its medullary sheath and neurilemma. 8. Enlargement in which it terminates. 9. Granu- lar matter continuous with the base of this enlargement. tory Corpuscles. C. of Krause, the spherical or ovoid corpuscles occurring at the ends of the nerve- tubules that emerge from a nerve-plexus. They occur in the conjunctiva, the edges of the lips, and various mucous and glandular surfaces. C., Malpighian, a name applied to the splenic corpuscles, and to the Malpighian bodies. C. of Neumann, the nucleated colored corpuscles of the blood seen after repeated hemorrhages. C., Norris’s Invisible, colorless, transparent, biconcave discs of the same size as the red ones, invisible in the serum because their color and refractive index are the same as those of the liquor san- guinis; they are believed by Norris to exist normally in the blood. They are probably red corpuscles that have lost their hemoglobin. C., Pacinian, certain small corpuscles occurring in the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the fingers and toes. C. of Purkinje, a bone- cell. See Purkinje. C., Shadow. See Shadow. C., Tactile, of Wagner, the small, oval bodies found CORROSION in the papillae of the skin and enveloped by nerve- fibers. C. of v. Tröltsch, a name formerly given to a series of lymph-channels between the two layers of the lamina propria of the ear. They - are spindle-shaped on longitudinal section and stellate on transverse section, and are lined with endothe- lium. C., Valentin’s, the small, roundish amyloid bodies found in nerve-substance. C., Weber’s, the sinus pocularis. Corpuscula (kor-pus/-Au-lah) [L.]. Plural of Corpusculum. C. margi- nalia, in biology, the marginal sense- organs of Medusae. Corpuscular (Åor-pus’-Au-lar) [cor- pusculum, a little body]. Relating to or of the nature of a corpuscle. Corpusculation (Aor-pus-ku-la/-shun) [corpusculum, a corpuscle]. A con- dition in which the corpuscles of the blood have undergone hyperplasia, being larger and more numerous than normally. Corpusculous (Åor-pus/-ku-/us) [cor- pusculum, a corpuscle]. Corpuscular. Corpusculum (Æor-pus/-/*-ſum) [L. : Tactile Corpus- pl., Corpuscula]. A corpuscle. CLE WITH TWO Correctant, or Corrective (Äor-eń/- +9°s. tant or Åor-e/-tiv) [corrigere, to correct]. I. Having the power to correct or to modify favorably. 2. A substance used to modify or make more pleasant the action of a purgative or other remedy. Correction (Åor-ek/-shun) [correctus; corrigere, to amend]. The rectification of any abnormality (as a refractive or muscular defect), or of any undesirable quality (as in a medicine). Correlated (£or/-el-a-fed) [correlatus, related]. Inter- dependent; related. C. Atrophy. See Atrophy. Correlation (kor-el-a/-shun) [correlatus, related]. In- terdependence; relationship. Corrigan’s Button. A cautery-iron. It consists of a button of iron, % inch in diameter by 4 inch thick, fastened in a wooden handle by a rod 2 inches long. C. Cautery. Same as C. Button. C. Disease. See Aiseases, Table of C. Line. See Signs and Symp- toms, Table of, and Zine. C. Pulse, water-hammer pulse. The jerking pulse of aortic regurgitation. The volume of the pulse is large, owing to the hyper- trophy and dilatation of the left ventricle; hence there is a sudden expansion of the arteries. The regurgitation of the blood, however, as suddenly empties the artery, and the pulse-wave subsides rapidly. The peculiarities of the radial pulse may usually be intensified by rais- ing the hand. It is also called the collapsing, speaking, reading, locomotive, Aicking, and shuttle pulse. See Pulse, and Signs and Symptoms, Table of Corrigent (żor/-ij-ent). See Corrective. Corroborant (żor-ob'-o-rant) [corroborans, strengthen- ing]. I. Tonic; strengthening. 2. A strengthening medicine. Corrosion (kor-o’-2hum) [corrodere, to corrode]. The process of corroding, or the state of being corroded. C.-anatomy, the preparation of any anatomic speci- men by means of a corrosive process that eats away those parts which it is not desired to preserve. In some cases a resisting-substance is injected, so as to preserve the vessels and ducts from corrosion. C.- preparation, one in which the vessels, ducts, or cavi- ties of organs are filled by a fluid that will harden and preserve the shape of the vessel or cavity after the organ itself is corroded or digested or otherwise de- * CORROSIVE stroyed, the cast remaining. Three methods are used: I. The injection is composed of rosin and white wax colored with paint, dissolved in balsam of copaiba ; after the injection, the organ is destroyed by hydro- chloric acid and water. 2. Wood’s Fusiform Metal, consisting of 7 parts of bismuth, 4 parts lead, 2 parts tin, and I part cadmium. The tissues are destroyed by caustic potash. 3. Celloidin: The cold celloidin is slowly and forcibly injected by a syringe, and the Soft parts eaten by an acid or a digesting fluid. Corrosive (Äor-o/-siv) [con, intensive; rodere, to gnaw]. A substance that destroys organic tissue either by direct chemic means or by causing inflammation and suppuration. C. Chlorid, mercuric chlorid. C. Sublimate. See Aydrazgyrum. C.-sublimate Bath. See Aath. Corroval (Aor/-o-val). A variety of curare, or arrow- poison; a cardiac and muscular paralyzant. Corrovalin (Åor-o'-val-in). A poisonous alkaloid ob- tained from corroval. Unof. Corrugator (&or/-at-ga-tor) [corrugere, to wrinkle]. That which wrinkles. See Muscles, Table of Corset (šor/-set) [F., dim. of cors, body]. In sur- gery, an investment for the abdomen or chest, or both; useful in some spinal disorders and deformities, and in fractures or injuries of the thoracic walls. C.-liver, a liver characterized by a furrow resulting from the pressure exerted by a corset and situated chiefly in the right lobe. It is due to habitual tight lacing, and hence is found in women and, rarely, among soldiers. If extreme, the furrow can be felt along the margin of the ribs if the abdominal walls are lax. Corsican Moss. A mixture of fragments of various seaweeds, brought from Corsica, etc.; called, also, /helminthochorton. It is said to be alterative, febri- fuge, anthelmintic, and nutritious. Unof. - Corson’s Paint. A substance used as a means of coun- ter-irritation. It consists of croton oil 2 drams, ether 4 drams, compound tincture of iodin sufficient to make 2 ounces. Paint over the affected part with a camel's- hair pencil once daily. Cortex (Āor/-teks) [L., bark]. The bark of an exo- genous plant. C. aurantii, orange-peel. C. cerebri, the external layer of gray matter of the brain. C. renalis, the cortical substance of the kidney. Corti (Aor/-te). A celebrated Italian anatomist, 1729– 1813. C., Arch of. See Arch. C., Canal of. See Canal. C., Cells of, the external hair-cells of the organ of Corti. See Ce/Z. C., Fibers of, the rods of Corti. C., Ganglion of. See Ganglia, 7able of C., Membrane of. See Membrane. C., Organ of, a series of some 3Ooo arches upon the floor of the basilar membrane within the ductees cochlearis of the internal ear. C., Pillars of, the rods of Corti. C., Rods of, the pil- lars of the arch of the organ of Corti. C., Rolls of, the fibers forming the inner limb of the arches of Corti. C., Tunnel of, a triangular canal between the layers of the rods of Corti. - Cortical (Aor/-tié-al) [cortex, bark]. Pertaining to the cortex or bark, or to the cortex of the brain, or of the kidney. C. Epilepsy, C. Paralysis, such as is due to a lesion of the cortical substance of the brain. Corticiferous (&or-tis-if”-er-us) [cortex, bark; ferre, to bear]. In biology, producing a bark. Corticin (£or/-täs-in) [cortex, bark]. I. An alkaloid from poplar-bark. 2. A form of tannin from certain wood-barks. Corticole (kor/-tić-à!) [cortex, bark; colere, to inhabit]. In biology, growing on bark. Cortina (&or-fi/-nah) [cortina, a curtain]. the marginal veil of certain fungi. In biology, 333 COSTEN Corviform (kor/-ve-form) [corvus, a crow; forma, shape). In biology, resembling a crow. * Corvisart's Facies. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Corybantism (Æor-e-ban/-izm) [Kopv6avavttop.6c, cory- bantic frenzy]. Maniacal frenzy, with sleeplessness, choreic excitement and visual hallucinations. Corydalin (Aor-id/-a/-än) [Kopv6a7%ic, the crested lark], Cisłł19 NO,. A precipitate from the tincture of the root of Corydalis formosa, it is tonic, diuretic, anti- syphilitic, resolvent, etc. Dose I to 5 grains. Unof. Corydalis (Áor-id’-a/-is) [Kopv6a7%íc, the crested lark]. Turkey corn. The tuber of C. formosa (Dicentra can- adensis), a tonic, diuretic, and alterative. Dose of flá. ext. mux—xl. Corydalin, the alkaloid. Dose gr. j-v. Unof. Corymb (AEor/-imb) [Kópvpuffog, a head or cluster of fruit or flowers]. In biology, a flower-cluster on the inde- terminate plan, in which the axis is somewhat short- ened and the pedicels of the lower flowers somewhat lengthened, so as to form a flat-topped cluster. Corymbose (Äor-im/-bós) [Kópvpgog, a flower-cluster]. In biology, corymb-like, or arranged in corymbs. C. Eruption, a variety of the eruption of smallpox in which it shows itself in patches or clusters the size of the hand, as thickly set as possible, while the surround- ing skin often remains entirely free. The grouping may be symmetrically distributed. This variety of Small-pox is very dangerous. Coryphodont (żor-if”-o-dont) [Kopvpff, summit; 660íg (óðovt-) tooth]. In biology, having teeth with pointed cusps. Corysterium (kor-is-teſ-re-um) [kopvotác, one having a helmet]. In biology, an organ found in the abdomen of certain female insects, that secretes a jelly-like pro- tective envelop for the eggs. Coryza (ko-ri’-zah) [Kópvſa, a running at the nose]. Catarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly called a “cold in the head.” See Ahinitis. C. caseosa, a term applied by Cozzolino to a disease in which the nostrils are filled with caseous masses. C., Idiosyncratic. See Aſay- ſever. C. maligna. Synonym of Snuffles of the A’ezº- born. C., Periodic Vasomotor. See Aay-ſever. C., Vasomotor. Synonym of Æay-ſever. Cosme's Paste. See Aſebra’s Arsenical Paste. Cosmesis (koz-me/-sis) (Roquéetv, to adorn]. The art of preserving or increasing beauty. Cosmetic (koz-met/-ić) [Koopumtakóç; Koon&ety, to adorn]. A remedy designed to improve or to hide defects of the skin or other external parts. It may be a white powder, such as starch, magnesic oxid, calcium car- bonate (levigated), zinc oxid, mercurous chlorid, or bismuth submitrate applied externally; it may be a white substance dissolved in dilute alcohol, which is left upon the face after the evaporation of the solvent; or it may be a stimulant to the skin used internally, such as arsenic. C. Operation, a surgical operation to give a natural appearance to a defective or unsightly art. cºmetology (koz-met-o/-o-je) [kóopleTog, orderly; Żóyog, science]. The science of the proper care of the body with respect to cleanliness, dress, etc. Cosmic Disease. Syphilis of the heart-valves. Cosmolin (Koz/-mo-lin). See Petrolatum. Costa (Aos/-tah) [L.]. A rib. See Kib. Costal (kos/-tal) [costa, a rib]. Pertaining to the ribs. C. Arch, the arch of the ribs. C. Cartilages, the 12 cartilaginous extensions of the ribs. Costalgia (Aos-ta/-je-ah) [costa, a rib ; &Ayoc, pain]. Intercostal neuralgia; pain in the ribs. Costen (kos’-tem) [costa, a rib]. Belonging to a rib in itself. COSTER'S PASTE Coster's Paste. A remedy of some value in the treat- ment of Złºtea tonszerazas. It is made of iodin, 2 drams, in one ounce of oil of pitch. This is to be painted upon the patch and allowed to remain until the crust which is produced by the application falls off. Costicartilage (&os-e-Aar/-fil-āj) [costa, a rib; car- tilago, gristle]. A costal cartilage or unossified sternal rib. Costicervical (Aos-te-ser/-vi}-a/ | [costa, a rib ; cervix, a neck]. Relating to the neck and ribs. Costicervicalis (Äos-de-ser-vić-a/-lis) [costa, a rib ; cer- vix, the neck]. The cervicalis ascendens muscle. See Muscles, Zable of Costispinal (Aos-te-spi/-na/) [costa, a rib ; sp?na, the spine]. Relating to the ribs and vertebral column. C. muscles, levatores costarum. See Muscles, Table of Costive (kos'-tiv) [constipare, to be bound]. Consti- pated; affected with costiveness. Costiveness (AEos/-tiv-ness) [constipare, to be bound]. An abnormality of digestion characterized by reten- tion and hardness of the feces. Costo- (£osſ-to-) [costa, a rib]. A prefix denoting con- . nection with the ribs. Costotome (Áosſ-to-tom) [costa, rib; top16c, cutting]. A strong knife for cutting the costal cartilages in dis- section, etc. Costus Root (40s/-tus root). See Putchuk. Cotnar (kotº-mar) [a Moldavian place-name]. A rich, strong, and highly esteemed wine from Roumania. Coto (Áo/-ſo) [Sp., a cubit]. Coto Bark. The bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It contains a bitter principle, Coloin, C23HisO3, irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. Its therapeutic properties are not known. It is recommended for diarrhea and zymotic fevers and for the night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of the powder, gr. j—xv; of the fluid extract gtt, v-xv; of the tincture (I in IO), gtt. x-xxx; of cotoin, gr. SS-j. Cotoin (Ao’-to-in) [Sp., codo, a cubit], C22HisOs. A crystalline substance found in Coto Bark. See Coto. Cottage-hospital (Aot/-äj-hos/-pit-a!). A small esta- blishment for the purpose of providing for the sick in a small and isolated community. Cotting's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cotton (Aoſ/-n) [ME., cofoun]. . Gossypium, a white fibrous seed-hair that envelops the seeds of the cotton- plant. The structure of the cotton-fiber is very char- acteristic. It presents a flattened and collapsed tube, slightly twisted in a spiral form, with comparatively thick walls and a small central opening. Chemically, it contains about 91 per cent. of pure cellulose, 7 per cent. of moisture, and a Small amount of fat, nitrog- enous material and cuticular substance. C., Absor- bent, is the fiber prepared, by removal of oily matters, for the surgeon's use. C.-blue. Same as Soluble Blue. C.-holder, a probe roughened near the end, upon which cotton may be twisted into a pledget. C.-oil. See C.-seed Oil. C.-root. See Gossypium. C.-phthisis, a variety of pulmonary disease occurring among cotton operatives from inhalation of cotton-dust. C.- seed Oil or C.-oil, oleum gossypii seminis, an oil obtained by pressure from the hulled seeds of several species of Gossypium. The raw oil is brownish-yellow in color, somewhat viscid, of a specific gravity of .922 to .9306 at 15° C. The refined oil has a straw- yellow color, or is colorless, of a pleasant, nutty flavor, specific gravity .9264 at 15° C., boiling at about 600° F. It possesses slight drying properties, and is Saponi- fiable, but is chiefly used in adulterating olive, lard, sperm, and other oils. t Cotton’s Test. See Test's, Zable of Cotunnius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct. C., Canal of. See Canals. C., Liquor, or Water of, the 334 COUP DE SOLEIL perilymph. See Aqua labyrinthi. C., Nerve of, the naso-palatine. See AVerves, Zable of: Cotyledon (kot-iſ-e'-don) [kotvžmóðv, a socket]. A mass or tuft of villi on the uterine side of the placenta; always present upon the human placenta. The placenta of the ruminant mammals has many such masses, hence is polycoſyledonous. Cotyloid (kot'-il-oid) [KorūA), a cup; elóoç, form]. Cup-shape. C. Fossa, or Cavity, the acetabulum. C. Ligament, surrounds the acetabulum. C. Notch, a notch in the anterior and lower border of the acet- abulum. Couch-grass (£owcſ/-gras). See Triticum. Couching (Äowch/-ing) [Fr., coucher, to depress J. The operation, now fallen into disuse, of depressing a cataractous lens into the vitreous chamber, where it was left to be absorbed. Couerbe's Test. See Tests, Table of - Cough (AEof) [ME., cough, a cough]. A sudden violent expiratory explosion through the mouth after deep in- spiration and closure of the glottis. C.-center. See Center. C., Trigeminal, a reflex paroxysmal cough, occurring in individuals whose respiratory organs are perfectly sound, and due to an irritation of the trigem- inal fibers distributed to the nose, pharynx, and external auditory meatus. C., Winter, a short troublesome cough of old people, due to chronic bronchitis, and re- curring every winter. Coulomb (Åoo-lom/) [after Coulomb, a French physi- cist]. The unit of measurement of electric quan- tity; the quantity of electricity that passes during one Second through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of electromotive force. The micro-coulomb is the millionth part of this amount. Coulomb's Law. See Zaw. Coumalic Acid (koo-ma/-ä). Counaric Acid %. -āk). Coumarilic Acid (Áoo-mar-i/-ić). See Acid. Coumarin (Åoo/-mar-in), CaFIGO. A vegetable proxi- mate principle that occurs in Asperula odorata, in the Tonka bean, and in Melilotus officinalis. It is solu- ble in hot water, readily so in alcohol and ether; it crystallizes in Shining prisms, possesses the odor of the Asperula, and melts at 67°, in the proportion of 2 grains to the dram. It covers the odor of iodoform. Unof. Coumarone (Äoo’-mar-on), CsPI.O. A body, formed by distilling coumarilic acid with lime. It is present in coal-tar. It is an oil that sinks in water, and boils at 169° C. Counter-extension (Aown/-ter-eńs-tem/-shum). See Zºr- tension. Counter-indication (Åown/-ter-in-dić-a/-shum). Contra-indication. Counter-irritation (£own/-ter-ir-it-a/-shum) [contra, against; irritare, to irritate]. Superficial and arti- ficially-produced inflammation, in order to exercise a good effect upon some adjacent or deep-seated morbid process. This is generally accomplished by vesicants, rubefacients, etc. - Counter - opening (Äown/-ter-ø/-en-ing) [contra, against; M.E., openyng, an opening]. An incision made in an abscess or cavity, opposite to another, generally for purposes of drainage. Counter-poison (Åown/-ter-poi/-2m) [contra, against; M.E., poisozzzz, poison]. A poison given as an anti- dote to another poison. Counter-stroke (Áown/-ter-stróż). See Contre-coup. Country Fever. See Fever, Florida. C. F. of Con- stantinople. Synonym of Mediterranean Fever. Coup de Soleil (Æoo duh so-lay') [Fr.]. Sunstroke. See //eaf-stro/*e. - See Acid. See Acza. See COUP SUR COUP Coup sur Coup (koo sur Aoo/) [Fr.]. Blow upon blow ; a designation for an obsolete method of apply- ing venesection; the successive bleedings following each other rapidly. Couperose (Aup/-roz) [Fr.]. 7 OS/2C60. Coupier's Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of C. Red. Same as /ēosazzi/in. Courses (kors/-ez). See Menses. Court Plaster (Åort plas/-ter). See Ichthycolla. Courty’s Method. See Treatment, //e/hods of Couvade (Áoo-vahd') [Fr., couver, to hatch]. Male child-bed. A custom of certain savage tribes in which, after child-birth, the father goes to bed, etc., and the mother gets up, etc. Couveuse (Äoo-vu(r)2/) [Fr.]. Synonym of Acne See Złºczabator. --- E---> BeE: | - % | º º º %. º ~ ; := --- TARNIER'S COUVEUSE, (From Fullerton’s “Obstetric Nursing.”) Cover (Auv/-er) [ME., cuveren, to cover]. I. To pro- tect. 2. To copulate with ; said of male animals. C.- correction, an arrangement to so adjust the lenses of a microscope that the best definition may be obtained for varying thicknesses of cover-glasses. C.-glass, in microscopy, the thin lamina of glass covering the object mounted on the slide. It should not exceed głg inch in thickness. On account of its effect on the transmission of light, the thickness of the cover-glass must be considered in correcting the objective. C.- glass Preparation, the fixing and staining of a fluid upon a cover-glass. C.-slip. Same as C-glass. Cow (Aow) [AS., cil, cow]. The female of the genus Aos, and of other large animals. C.-bane, Water Hemlock. The leaves of Cicuta virosa, an acrid nar- cotic, highly poisonous to cattle, but not affecting sheep and goats. It causes intoxication and spasm. It is sometimes used externally as an anodyne in rheumatism. C.-parsnip. See Masterwort. C.-pox, C.-pock, a variety of pock seen in the cow, and thought to correspond with smallpox in man. C.- tree. See Brosimum. Cowage (Äow/-āj) [Hind. , Áawānch, cowhage]. The external hairs of the pod of Muczema pruriens, used in medicine as a mechanical vermifuge. Cowan-plant (kowſ-an-plant). See Alonsene/. Cowdie-gum (Æow/-de-gum) [nat. N. Zeal.]. Codie pine resin. The resinous juice from the Dammara australis, a coniferous tree of New Zealand. It is one of the ingredients of copal varnishes. It is also one of the ingredients of the impression-material known as “Modeling Composition.” It is one of the varieties of Dammar, 7. v., and is also called Āauri- getml. Cowell's Operation. See Operations, Table of Cowhage, Cowitch (£ow/-äj, Áow/-īch). See Mucuna and Cowage. Cowl (£owl) [AS., cale, a hood]. A cover for a chim- 335 CRADIN ney, that turns with the wind and assists in ventila- tion. Cowling’s Rule. A rule for dosage. In his formula the age of the child at the next birthday is the nume- rator and 24 the denominator. According to this, the dose of a child approaching four years of age would be # =# of the dose for an adult. Cowper's Glands. See G/and. Cowperitis (Áow-per-i/-täs) [Cowper, an English anato- mist; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glands of Cowper, usually gonorrheal in origin. Cowpoxing (Äow-poks/-ing). Synonym of I accination. Coxa (AoAEs/-ah) [coxa, hip]. The hip-joint or the hip. In biology, the basal joint of the leg of an arthropod, abbreviated from coxognathite and coxopodide, of Milne Edwards; also Coxopodite. C. vara, bending or twist- ing of the neck of the femur. Coxagra (Aoks-a/-gra/), [co-ra, the hip; 6).pa, seizurej. Gout in the hip; sciatica. Coxal (AoAEs/-a/) [coxa, the hip]. Relating to the coxa. Coxalgia (#oks-a/-je-ah) [coxa, a hip ; āāyog, pain]. Pain in the hip-joint. See Sciazica, and Æip-joint AXisease. Coxalgic (AoAs-a/-jić) [coxa, the hip; ā790ſ, pain]. Relating to coxalgia. Coxarthrocace (Äoks-arth-roA:/-as-e) [coxa, hip; apôpov, joint; Kakóg, bad]. A fungoid inflammation of the hip-joint. Coxe's Hive-mixture. See Scilla and Azz/imonium. Coxecphysis (koks-eč/-ſis-is) [coxa, hip ; Śkºvgåv, to blow out]. In biology, a branch springing from the coxa of an arthropod; synonymous with the epigmaſh- ite and epipodite of Milne Edwards, and with the podo- branchia of Huxley when it is connected with the branchial plumes, as in Homarus. Coxitis (AoAs-i/-ſis) [cora, the hip; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the hip-joint. Coxocerite (AoA's-osſ-er-it) [coxa, the hip ; képaç, horn]. In biology, the basal joint of the antenna of an arthro- od. cºdynia (£oks-o-din'-e-ah) [coxa, hip; botvm, pain]. Same as Coxalgia. Coxo-femoral (AoA's-o-fem/-or-al) femur, the thigh-bone]. femur. Coxopodite (Äoks-op’-o-dit) [coxa, hip ; Toig, a foot]. See Coxa. Coxotuberculosis (Áoks-o-fu-āer-Au-lo/-sis) [coxa, the hip; tuberculum, a tubercle]. Tuberculous disease of the hip-joint. Crab Louse (Arab/-/ows) See Pediculus. Crab’s-eyes (Arab2/-72). Flat, calcareous concretions (Zapides cancrorum) derived from the stomach of the crab, and used as a means of removing foreign bodies from the eye. Also a name for the seeds of Aðrus precatorius. Crachotement (Ara-shot-mon (g)') [Fr.]. A peculiar reflex following operations upon the utero-ovarian or- gans, marked by a desire to Spit, without the ability to do so. It is usually accompanied by a tendency to Syncope. Cracked-metal Sound. See Cracked-pof Sound. Cracked-pot Sound. A peculiar sound elicited by per- cussion over a pulmonary cavity communicating with a bronchus. Crackling (Araž/-ling) [ME., crakelen, to crackle]. A sound compared to that produced when salt is thrown into the fire, heard over a lung in which soften- ing of tuberculous deposits has begun to take place. Cradin (Arad/-īn) [kpáðm, fig-branch]. A principle obtainable from the leaves and twigs of the common fig. It is said to be a peptic ferment, in some respects [coxa, the hip ; Relating to the coxa and the CRAL) LE 336 more effective than pepsin, and is believed to be iden- tical with papain. Cradle (Ara/-d!) [AS., cradol, a cradle]. In surgery, the arculus, a wire or wicker frame so arranged as to keep the weight of the bed-clothing from an injured part of the body. It is - employed in the treat- /* ºg & ment of f r a c tur e s , wóunds, etc. C.-Cap, a name given to the scabs composed of dirt & and sebum, that form on the scalps of neglected in fants and children. C., Ice-, the suspension over a febrile patient, by means of iron frames, of a number of zinc buckets, kept half-filled with ice, and in- closed in a light covering. C.-pessary, a cradle-shaped pessary for treating retrodisplacements of the uterus. Cram (Aram) [ME., crammen, to cram]. To store the memory with information for the purpose merely of passing an examination. C.-stunt, arrest in mental development due to over-study. C.-stunted, arrested in mental development by over-study. Cramp (%ramp) [Teut., Aramp]. A spasmodic tonic contraction of the muscles, attended with sharp pain. It is especially prone to attack the muscles of the calf. It occurs frequently in those of neurotic tendency, and is often the forerunner of epilepsy. C., Accommo- dation, a spasm of the ciliary muscle of the eye. C., Auctioneers’, one of the professional neuroses affect- ting mainly the left side of the orbicularis oris muscle. C.-asphyxia, spinal spasm. C., Ballet-dancers’, a neuralgic affection occurring in ballet-dancers, espe- cially premiéres danseuses, characterized by pain and paralytic symptoms, affecting the muscles of the calf. It is the result of local strain upon the parts. C.- bone, a name for the patella of a sheep. C., Black- smiths'. See C., Aammermen’s. C., Car-drivers’, a professional neurosis seen in car-drivers, and perhaps also in brakemen, characterized by spasm and weak- ness of the hand from the effort of tightening car-brakes. C., Chisel, a professional neurosis occurring in Smiths, affecting the left hand, and produced by the continuous holding of the chisel or similar instrument. C., Cigar- makers’, one of the rarer professional neuroses, consist- ing in a tonic contraction of the flexor muscles of the fingers with pain. The painful sensations also extend up the arm and shoulders. C., Cigaret-makers’. See C., Cigar-makers’. C., Clarionet-players’, a cramp of the tongue and of the laryngeal muscles experienced occasionally by players on this instrument. C. Colic, a form of colic in the horse, produced by contrac- tion, or spasm, of a portion of the small intestines from the irritation of indigestible food. C., Coach- men's, contraction of the palmar fascia, occasionally seen in coachmen. C., Cornet-players’, a rare and peculiar neurosis of the tongue in cornet-players, in which certain notes cannot be sounded, from inability to direct the tongue for that purpose. C., Dancers’. See C., A'a//e/-dancers’. C., Elocutionists’. See /2/s//homia spastica. C., Flute-players', slight laryngeal spasms occurring occasionally in flute- players from excessive use of the instrument. Also a cramp of the flexors and extensors of the hand, from constant use of the instrument. C., Glass- blowers', a painless, but decided and permanent flexion of the fingers, the thumb excepted, due to the continuous grasping of the tube with which the glass is worked. C., Goldbeaters’, a cramp of the mus- cles of the arm due to excessive use in beating gold-leaf. C., Hammer. See C., Hammermen’s. CRADLE FOR SUPPORTING BED-CLOTHES. (From Fullerton’s “AWursing: in Abdominal Surgery.”) CRANIECTOMY C., Hammermen's, a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the arm and shoulder, at times unattended with pain, due to the repeated act of hammering. C., Knitters', a peculiar affection of the hands of those who knit, consisting in a contraction of the extensor muscles, with numbness of the ends of the fingers. C., Milkers’, a spasmodic contraction of the extensors and flexors of the forearm in consequence of continu- ous exertion in milking. C., Milkmaids’. See C., A/i/kers’. C., Musicians', a general term including pianists’ cramp, violinists’ cramp, flutists’ cramp, the cramp of clarionet-players, etc. C., Nailsmiths’. See C., Hammermen's. C., Photographers’, a rare professional neurosis. C., Pianists’, a neurosis of the hands and fingers of piano-players, characterized by fatigue, pain, and weakness. The pain extends up the arm to between the shoulders. C., Piano- players’. See C., A'ianists’. C., Saltatory. See Saltatory Spasm. C., Sawyers', peculiar incoördin- ated movements of the saw-arm and corresponding side of the body, from excessive use. C., Scri- veners’. See C., Writers’. C., Seamstresses', a professional neurosis consisting in a spastic condition of the flexors of the fingers from constantly plying the needle. C., Shoemakers’. See Shoesalesmen's ZXisease. C., Smiths’. See C., Bammermen's. C., Speakers’. See Dysphonia spastica. C., Swimmers’, a painful cramp of the muscles of the calf of the leg of swimmers, frequently causing death by drowning. C., Tailors', a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the thumb, forefinger, hands, and arms, sometimes occurring in tailors, from overwork. C., Telegraphers’, a partial paralysis of the muscles of the hand and fingers with Spasm, produced by fatigue from long-continued use of Morse’s instrument. C., Treadlers’, one of the professional neuroses; it is met with in treadlers, and consists in cramps of the leg-muscles from constant use of the machine. C., Violinists’, a painful cramp most common in the left shoulder of violinists; it is due to the peculiar position assumed in holding the violin. C., Watchmakers’, a cramp in which there is a flexion of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints, with exten- sion of the other joints of the hand. Also, an inability to retain the glass in the eye-socket. C., Writers’, Scriveners’ palsy; a difficulty in writing, due to spas- modic action of the muscles of the hand and arm, to pain, to tremulousness of these muscles, or to fatigue and weakness of the extremity. These constitute the four forms, spastic, neuralgic, tremulous, and paralytic. Crampton's Muscle. See Muscles, Table of C. Operations. See Operations, Table of Crampus (Aram/-pus) [L.]. An old name for a cramp, or for any disease characterized by cramps. Cranberry (Aram/-ber-e) [ME., cranebery, a berry]. The acid fruit of Vaccinium oxycocczes and V. macro- carpon. It is a popular material for poultices, and is vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. Unof. C. -tree. See Viburnum opulus. Crane-bark (žrān/-baré). See Viburnum opulus. Crane’s-bill Root. See Geranium. Craniacromial (Ara-ne-a/-ro/-me-al) [kpavíov, skull; dºpouta, the point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating to the cranium and the acromion. Cranial (Ara/-ne-al) [Kpaviov, the skull]. Relating to the cranium. C. Bosses, flat, bony elevations of the frontal and parietal bones sometimes seen at the angles of the anterior fontanel. They are said to be a proof of hereditary syphilis. C. Nerves. See AVerve. Craniectomy (Ara-ne-e/-to-me) [I'pavtov, skull; Śicropſ, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of strips or pieces of the cranial bones. It is performed in cases. of microcephaly. CRANIOCELE Craniocele (Ara/-ne-o-sel) [kpavíov, skull; km2%, a tumor]. Encephalocele, 7, z. Cranioclasis (Ara-ne-o/-/as-is) [kpaviov, skull; K%áoig, a breaking]. See Cranioclasm. Cranioclasm (Ara/-ne-o-Alazm) [kpavtov, the skull; Kháelv, to break]. The operation of breaking the fetal head by means of the cranioclast. Cranioclast (żra/-ne-o-Alast) [kpaviov, skull; Kääeiv, to break]. A heavy forceps for crushing the fetal head. Craniodiaclast (Ara-ne-o-di/-ak-last) [kpaviov skull; 6takāāv, to break into pieces]. An instrument for breaking the skull in craniotomy. Craniodidymus (Åra-ne-o-dia'-im-us) [kpavíov, skull; dióvuoc, double]. Same as Cephalopagus. Craniofacial (Ara-ne-o-ſa/-shal) [kpaviov, skull; facies, face]. Relating to the cranium and the face; as the craniofacial axis, the craniofacial notch, etc. Craniograph (Ara/-ne-o-graf) [kpavíov, skull; Ypápetv, to record]. An instrument for recording the outlines of the skull. Craniography (Ara-ne-og/-ra-ſe) [kpavíov, the skull; ypápetv, to write]. That part of descriptive crani- ology the object of which is to describe the parts or regions of the skull or bones of the face. Cranio-hematoncus (Ara/-ne-o-hem-at-ong/-kus) [kpa- vtov, skull; aipia, blood; 6)Koç, a tumor]. Synonym of Cephalhematoma. Craniology (Ara-ne-o/-o-je) [kpavíov, cranium; 26).og, science]. A branch of anatomy based upon the com- parative study of skulls. . Craniomalacia (%ra-ne-o-mal-a/-se-ah). tabes, - *~ Craniomandibular (Ara-ne-o-man-dib/-u-lar) [kpavíov, skull; mandibula, the mandible]. Relating to the skull and the lower jaw. Craniometer (Ara-ne-om/-et-er) [kpavíov, skull; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for gauging the dimen- sions of the skull. Craniometric, Craniometrical (Ara-ne-o-met/-riž, Ára-ne-o-met/-rié-a/) [kpavíov, skull; gérpov, a mea- sure]. Pertaining to craniometry. C. Point, any one of the points of measurement used in craniom- etry. A list of the craniometric points is given. ACANTHION [ákávölov, a little spine], a point in the median line of the skull at the base of the nasal spine. ALVEOLAR POINT, the point between the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. ANTINION, that point on the glabellum, and in the median line, that is farthest from the inion. ASTERION [āotéptov, starry], the point behind the ear where the parietal, temporal and occipital bones meet. AURICULAR POINT, the center of the orifice of the external audi- tory meatus. BASION [basis, fundament], the middle point of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. BREGMA, the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet. DACRYON, or DAKRYON [öäkpvov, a tear], the point beside the root of the nose where the frontal, lachrymal, and superior maxillary bones meet. ENTOMION, the point where the parietal notch of the temporal bone receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle of the parietal. GLABELLA, or GLABELLUM, the point in the median line between the superciliary arches, marked by a swelling, sometimes by a depression. GNATHION, same as Mental Point. GONION, the point at the angle of the lower jaw. HoR. MION, the anterior point of the basilar portion of the united spheno-occipital bone, where it is crossed by the median line. INION, the external occipital protuberance. JUGAL POINT, the point situated at the angle that the posterior border of the frontal branch of the malar bone makes with the superior border of its zygomatic See Cranio- 337 CRANIOSTOSIS branch. KoRONION, the apex of the coronoid pro- cess of the inferior maxilla. LAMBDA, the point of meeting of the sagittal and the lambdoid sutures. MALAR PoſNT, a point situated on the tubercle on the external surface of the malar bone, or at the intersec- tion of a line drawn from the external extremity of the fronto-malar suture to the tubercle at the inferior angle of the malar bone and a line drawn nearly hori- zontally from the inferior border of the orbit over the malar bone to the superior border of the zygomatic arch. MAXIMUM OCCIPITAL POINT, or OCCIPITAL POINT, the posterior extremity of the antero-posterior diameter of the skull, measured from the glabella in front to the most distant point behind. MENTAL POINT, the middle point of the anterior lip of the lower border of the lower jaw. METOPION, or METOPIC PoſNT, a point in the middle line between the two frontal emi- nences. NASION, or NASAL POINT, the middle of the frontal suture at the root of the nose. OBELION, the part of the sagittal suture between the two parietal foramina. OCCIPITAL POINT. See Maximum Occi- Aital Point. OPHRYON, the middle of the supraorbi- tal line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separates the face from the cranium. OPIS- THION, the middle point of the posterior border of the foramen magnum. PROSTHION, the Alveolar point. PTERION, the point where the frontal, parie- tal, temporal, and sphenoid bones come together. RHINION, the upper median point of the anterior nasal opening. SPINAL POINT. Same as Suðnasa/ Point. STEPHANION, INFERIOR, the point where the ridge for the temporal muscle intersects the coro- nal suture. STEPHANION, SUPERIOR, the point where the coronal suture crosses the temporal ridge. SUBNASAL POINT, the middle of the inferior border of the anterior nares at the base of the nasal spine. SUPRA-AURICULAR POINT, the point vertically over the auricular point at the root of the zygomatic pro- cess. SUPRANASAL POINT. Same as Ophryon. SUPRAORBITAL POINT. Same as Ophryon. SYM- PHYSION, the median point of the outer border of the alveolus of the lower jaw. VERTEX, the superior point of the skull. In obstetrics, that conical portion of the skull whose apex is at the posterior fontanel and whose base is formed by the biparietal and trachelo-bregmatic diameters. Craniometry (Ara-ne-om/-et-re) [kpavíov, skull; uérpov, a measure]. The ascertainment of the proportions and measurements of skulls, together with the discus- sion of the ascertained facts, and the drawing of sci- entific inferences therefrom. See Angle, Arc, Ander, Alame, Point. Craniopagus (Åra-ne-op/-ag-us). See Cephalopagus. Craniopharyngeal (Ara-ne-o-far-in/-je-a/) [kpaviov, skull; pāpvyš, the pharynx]. Relating to the crani- um and the pharynx. Craniophore (Ara/-ne-o-fôr) [kpavíov, cranium; dépeau, to bear]. A device for holding the skull during cra- niometric study. Cranioplasty (Ara'-ne-o-plas-te) [kpavíov, skull; TAao Tóc, formed]. The surgical restoration or cor- rection of cranial deficiencies. Craniosclerosis (Ara-ne-o-sk/e-ro’-sis) [kpaviov, skull; ok%mpóg, hard]. A condition the antithesis of that seen in craniotabes. A thickening of the cranial bones, usually due to rhachitis. Cranioscopy (Aram-e-osſ-ko-pe). See Phrenology. Craniostegnosis (Ara-ne-o-steg-no/-sis) [kpaviov, skull; otéyvootç, contraction]. Contraction of the skull. Craniostosis (Aran-e-os-to/-sis) [kpavíov, skull; boreov, a bone]. Congenital ossification of the cranial SutureS. 22 CRANIOTABES Craniotabes (Ara-ne-o-ta/-béz) [kpavlov, skull; tabere, to waste away]. An atrophy of the cranial bones oc- curring in infancy, with the formation of small, shal- low, comical pits in the bone-substance. These pits are granular within, and present a worm-eaten ap- pearance around the margin. They are most usually found in the posterior inferior region of the parietal bone, but may be seen in any of the other cranial bones. They form from within outward, so that in life often they cannot be found. Craniotabes is proba- bly a result of rhachitis, syphilis, or marasmus. The craniotabetic pits are in some way associated with the rapid growth and development of the brain; they may be due to a premature formation of the markings of the convolutions on the skull. They are only encoun- tered during the first months of life, that is, up to the sixteenth month. This disease is not a serious one as regards danger to life. Craniotabetic (Ara-ne-o-tab-et/-ić) [kpavióv, skull; ta- ôere, to waste away]. Pertaining or belonging to Craniofabes, 7. v. Craniotome (Ara/-ne-o-tom) [kpaviov, skull; réuvely, to cut]. An instrument used in craniotomy Craniotomy (Ara-ne-of/-o-me) [kpavíov, skull; touff, a cutting]. I. The operation of reducing the size of the fetal head by cutting or breaking it up, when delivery is otherwise impossible. 2. Excision of a portion of the skull; performed by Prof. Lannelongue in cases of microcephaly to relieve pressure upon the brain and to give the brain space. C., Linear. See Crani- ectomy. Craniotractor (Ara/-ne-o-traž-tor) [kpavíov, skull ; trac- Zor, a drawer]. A cranioclast designed to be used also, or mainly, as a tractor. - :::::::::Rº: ...sº - º - *: > * < .* *. , º * * * *.** **, *, *, *.*.*, * ******* §§§N s - .*.*.*.*.*, * *. NS § § Nº. 3.} &Yºğ \ Y sº sº 2 -ºšW& 5 ºf w V. N & * * * §§ N * N N ižº:#f •."Sº \\\\\\\ * fiº; g * iš s § \ : ', g t * & | \ºº; LATERAL ASPECT of CRANIUM. . Frontal bone. Temporal bone. 2. 2. Parietal bone. 3. Occipital bone. 4. 5. Greater wing of sphenoid bone. 6. Coronal suture. 7. Lambdoid suture. 8. Squamo-parietal suture. 9. Masto-parietal suture. Io. Spheno-parietal su- ture. II. Spheno-temporal suture. 12. Spheno-frontal suture. I3, 13. Temporal ridge. I4. Malar bone. 15. Fronto-malar Suture. I6. Malo-temporal suture. I7. Malo-imaxillary su- ture. 18. Superior maxillary bone. 19. Infraorbital foramen. 20. Nasal bone. 21. Naso-maxillary suture. 22, Naso-frontal Suture. 23. Lachrymal groove, at the bottom of which may be seen the suture between the lachrymal and the superior maxillary bones. 24 Nasal eminence. 25. Inferior maxil- lary bone. , 26. Mental foramen. , 27. Angle of lower jaw. 28. Coronoid process. 29. Condyle. 30. Neck of condyle. 31. External auditory canal. 32. Styloid process. 33. Mas- toid process. 34. Masto-occipital suture. Cranium (AEra/-me-um) [kpavſov, the skull]. The skull. The cavity that contains the brain, its membranes and 338 CREASOTE vessels. It consists of 22 bones, of which 14 belong to the face, and 8 to the cranium proper. See Skull. Crank (Arank) [Ger., sick]. A popular term for an eccentric individual or a hobby-rider. See Paranoiac. Cranter (Aran'-ter) [xpavtåp, Kpaivetv, to finish, render perfect: pl., Cranteres]. A wisdom-tooth. The dentes sapientiae are sometimes so called because their presence is necessary to a perfect denture. - Crapaudine (Arap/-aw-din) [Fr., crapaud, a toad]. In veterinary surgery, an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s hoof. Crapulous (Årap/-u-lus) [crafula, drunkenness, sur- feit]. Characterized by debauch or excess in drinking or in eating. Craquement (Arahk'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. sound heard in auscultation. Crasis (Aras/-īs) [kpāoug, mixture]. Temperament; constitution; predisposition. C., Verminous, an old term used to designate a peculiar dyscrasia of the system due to the presence of worms. Craspedotal (Aras-pe-do'-tal) [kpaatredoróg, bordered]. In biology, applied to those Medusae that have velar otolithic vesicles. Crassamentum (Aras-am-en/-tum) [L., thickness]. A clot, as of blood. Crateriform (Ara-ter/-iform) [crater, a crater; forma, shapel. Goblet-shaped or deep-saucer-shaped. Ex- cavated like a crater. Cratomania (%rat-o-ma/-ne-ah) [kpárog, power; uavia, madness]. A delirium of exaltation in which the patient conceives himself to possess vast power. Cravat (żra-vaſ') [Fr., cravate, a Croat]. I. A neck- cloth. 2. A bandage of triangular shape, used as a temporary dressing for a wound or fracture. The middle is applied to the injured part, and the ends are brought around and tied. See Aſand/ºerchief Dressings. Craw-Craw (Araw/-Araw). See Filaria sanguinis Aominis, and Parasites (Animal), Zable of. Crawley (Araw/-/e). See Coral Root. Craziness (Ara/-ze-mes) [ME., crasen, to break]. In- Sanity. Crazy (Ara/-ze) [crasen, to break]. mented ; deranged. C.-bone. C.-weed. See Zoco. Cream (Arém) [cremor, thick juice or broth]. The rich, fat part of milk. C., Cold. See Rosa. C., Ripening of. See A'ipening. C. of Tartar. See Aotassium. Creamometer (Arém-om/-et-er) [cremor, cream; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the amount of cream in milk. Crease (Ares) [Celtic]. A line made by folding. C., Gluteo-femoral. See C., ſleo-femoral. C., Ileo- femoral, is the crease that bounds the buttock below, corresponding nearly to the lower edge of the gluteus maximus muscle. It is of supposed significance in the diagnosis of hip-disease. Creasol (Are/-as-ol) [kpéaç, flesh; oleum, oil], CsPI,00, One of the principal phenols contained in creasote. It is formed from guaiacum-resin, and is found in beech- wood-tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid of an agreeable odor and a burning taste, boiling at 220°C. It is very similar to guaiacol. Creasote, or Creasotum (Are/-as-àt, -óſ/-um) [kpéag, flesh; oºjšelv, to preserve]. The product of the distilla- tion of wood-tar, consisting of a mixture of phenol-com- pounds. It is an inflammable oily liquid, differing in this respect from carbolic acid. It does not coagulate albumin or collodion. Most of the commercial cre- asote consists of carbolic acid or contains a large per- centage of it. It is valuable for its antiseptic, astrin- gent, styptic, anesthetic, and escharotic properties. Any crackling Insane; de- See Funny-bone. CREATIC Dose muj-iij. Beechwood Creasote, from Fagus sy/- vatica, is best for internal use. Dose muj, every three hours. C., Aqua, a one per cent. Solution. Dose 3.j—iv. C.-bath. See Bath. C., Mistura (B.P.). Dose 3 j—ij. C.-oil, Heavy Oil, the third main frac- tion in the coal-tar distillation-process. It is collected at temperatures of from 230° to 270° C., or until the anthracene commences to distil. The oil has a green- ish-yellow color, and is very fluorescent, and becomes progressively more so upon exposure to light and air. The odor is unpleasant and extremely characteristic. The oil is heavier than water, and contains naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, phenol, cresol, etc. It is used mainly in the creasoting or preservation of timber; it is also used as a fuel, and for the production of illu- minating gas, as a lubricant, and for the production of lampblack. C., Unguentum (B.P.), for local appli- cation. C., Vapor (B.P.), for inhalation. Creatic (Are-at/-īk) [kpéaç, flesh]... Relating to flesh. See Kreatinin. C. Nausea, a loathing of flesh as food. Creatin (Are/-at-in) [kpéag, flesh], C, HaNaO. A neu- tral organic substance that occurs in the animal organ- ism, especially in the juice of muscles. It crystallizes with one molecule of water in glistening prisms, which, heated to IOO9, sustain a loss of water. It has a faintly bitter taste and dissolves rather readily in boiling water. It dissolves with difficulty in alcohol and yields crys- talline salts with one equivalent of acid. Creatinin (Are-at'-in-in) [kpéaç, flesh], C.H.I.N.O. An alkaline substance, a normal constituent of urine. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and is a strong base. It is much more soluble than creatin. Crebricostate (kreb-re-Åos/-tät) [creder, close; costa, rib]. In biology, characterized by closely-set ridges. Crebrisulcate (Äreb-re-su/-kat) [creber, close; sulcus, a furrow]. In biology, marked by closely-set furrows. Crebruria (Āreb-ru/-re-ah)[creber, close together; oipov, urine]. Frequent micturition. Creche (Arash) [Fr., a crib]. See Infant Shelter. Credé's Method (Are-da/). See Treatment, Methods of C. Operation. See Operations, Table of Crédivité (Ara-div-it-a/) [Fr.]. See Apnotism. Creeping Sickness (Arèp/-ing sik/-mes). The gangren- ous form of ergotism. Cremaster (Are-mas/-ter) [kpeuáelv, to support]. The muscle that draws up the testis. See Muscles, Zable of Cremasteric (Are-mas-ter/-i}) [kpeuáelv, to support]. Pertaining to the cremaster muscle. C. Reflex. See A'effexes, Table of Cremation (Are-ma/-shun) [cremare, to burn]. The destruction of the body by burning, as distinguished from interment. Cremator (Åre-ma/-tor) [cremare, to burn]. A crema- tory, q. v. C., Engle System, a variety of cremator for the destruction of garbage, in which the smoke and gases generated by the destruction of the waste material are consumed by a second fire. Crematory (Árem/-at-or-e) [cremare, to burn]. An establishment for burning the bodies of the dead, or for consuming garbage and other refuse matter. Cremnitz White. Same as White Zead. Cremocarp (AErem/-o-karð) [kpepiáv, to hang; Kapiróg, fruit]. The peculiar capsular fruit of the natural order Omzóe/lifera. Cremor (Åre/-mor) [cremor, broth]. Cream. Any thick substance formed on the surface of a liquid. C. tartari, cream of tartar. Crena (Āre/-nah) [L.]. A notch, especially such a notch as is seen on the sutural margins of the cranial bones. - Crenate (Äre/-nāt), or Crenated (kre/-na-fed) [crena, 339 CREST a notch]. Notched or scalloped. In botany, leaves that are serrated. See Crezzation. Crenation (Are-na/-shun) [crena, a notch]. A notched or mulberry appearance of the red corpuscles of the blood; it may be spontaneous or due to poisoning with Calabar bean, etc. Crenic Acid (Are/-nić). See Acid. Crenothrix (Aren-oth/-rižs) [kpāvm, a spring; 6pt:, hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes the filaments of which are enveloped in a gelatinous sheath. C. kühniana, abundant in fresh waters; when putrefied it gives drinking-water a very bad taste, but the rôle attributed to it in the production of typhoid fever is unjustified. Crenulate (Aren/-u-lat) [crema, a notch]. Finely Crenate. Creolin (Are/-o-lin) [kpéaç, flesh; oleum, oil]. A coal- tar product deprived of carbolic acid. It is hemostatic and highly antiseptic, and is more active than car- bolic acid in pure cultures of pathogenic microbes, but less efficacious in putrefying masses. It is an excel- lent non-poisonous deodorizer, used in a two per cent. solution or a five per cent. ointment with lanolin. It is used internally in typhoid fever and catarrh of the bladder in five-drop doses. Creosol (Are/-o-sol). See Creaso/ Creosote (Äre/-o-såt). See Creasote. C.-bush, Larrea mexicazza, an odorous and resinous shrub of the Pacific States and Mexico. It is a local remedy for rheumatism and for wounds and sores. Unof. Crepitant (AErep/-it-ant) [crepitare, to crackle]. Pos- sessing the character of crepitus. C. Râle. See Råle and Breath-sounds. Crepitation (£rep-it-a/-shun), Crepitus (Areſ/-it-us) [crepitare, to crackle]. The noise produced by escap- ing flatus. The grating of fractured bones. The crackling of the joints. The noise produced by pres- sure upon tissues containing an abnormal amount of air or gas, as in cellular emphysema. Also the pecu- liar murmur of respiration observed in pneumonia dur- ing inspiration. It closely resembles the sound pro- duced by rubbing the hair between the fingers held close to the ear. C., Redux, a crepitant rāle heard in pneumonia during the stage of resolution; usually the first manifestation of the recession of the disease. - Cresalol (Ares/-a/-o/) [cresol; salo/l, CsPI, OH, COO.- Cs H, CH3. Salicylate of cresol. It possesses antisep- tic properties very similar to those of salol. Dose gr. iv in water from one to eight times daily. Unof. Crescent (Ares/-ent) [crescere, to grow]. Shaped like the moon in its first quarter. A name given to one form of the malarial hematozoön. C. of Gianuzzi. Groups of non-secreting cells in the acinus of a gland, pushed to one side by the secreting cells. C., Myopic. See Myopia. C. Operation. See Operations, 7able of Crescentia (Āres-en’-she-ah) [crescere, to grow]. A genus of bignoniaceous trees and shrubs. C. alata, of tropical Asia and America, affords leaves that are useful in hemoptysis, and the fruit is employed in pul- monary diseases. The pulp of the West Indian C. cujete is similarly used. Unof. Cresol (Are/-sol) [kpéaç, flesh; oleum, oil], C.H.O., Cresylic acid ; a body obtained from the distillation of coal-tar. It is a colorless, caustic liquid, with prop- erties similar to those of phenol, but is superior as an antiseptic. Unof. Cresolin (Ares/-o-lin) [kpéaç, flesh; oleum, oil]. A proprietary preparation used as a disinfectant in diph- theria, etc. Cresosulphuric Acid (Áres-o-sul-fu/-riž ). Crest (krest) [crista, a crest]. of any bone, organ, or process. See Acid. The surmounting part C., Frontal, a ridge CRESTI’S TEST along the middle line of the internal surface of the frontal bone. C. of Ilium, the thickened and expanded upper border of the ilium. C., Lachrymal, a vertical ridge dividing the external surface of the lachrymal bone into two parts. C., Nasal, a crest on the internal border of the nasal bone and forming part of the septum of the nose. C., Neural, a series of swellings along each side of the rudimentary spinal cord in the embryo from which the spinal nerves are developed. C., Occipital, a vertical ridge on the ex- ternal surface of the occipital bone extending from the occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum. C. of Pubes, a crest extending from the spine to the inner extremity of the pubes. C. of Tibia, the prominent border or ridge on the front of the tibia; the shin. C., Turbinated, a prominent horizontal ridge on the internal surface of the palate bone. C., Urethral. See Verumontanum. Cresti's Test. See Tests, Table of Cresylic Acid (Áres-i/-ić). See Cresol. Creta (Āre/-tah) [L.]. Chalk. See Calcium. Cretaceous (Are-ta/-she-us) [creta, chalk]. Chalky; abounding in calcium carbonate. Cretefaction (Are-te-ſa/-shun). See Calcification. Cretin (&re/-din) [Fr., crétin, a simple-minded person]. A person affected with cretinism. Cretinism (Are/-/in-izm) [Fr., crétin, a simple-minded person]. The condition of a cretin. Also an en- demic disease, characterized by goiter and a condition of physical, physiologic, and mental degeneracy and non-development. The subjects of this disease sel- dom reach five feet in height. C., Sporadic, the congenital form of myxedema, characterized by ab- sence of the thyroid gland, diminutiveness of size, thickness of neck, shortness of arms and legs, prom- inence of abdomen, large size of face, thickness of lips, large and protruding tongue, and imbecility or idiocy. It is popularly supposed that coitus during intoxication is a cause of this condition. Cretinoid (Áre/-tin-oid) [crétin, a simple-minded per- son]. I. Resembling a cretin ; resembling cretinism. 2. A person who resembles a cretin. Creuse's Test. See Tests, Table of Crewels (Aroo’-elz) [Fr., ácrouelles, scrofula]. nym of Scrofte/a. Crib (Arib) [ME., crib, a manger]. A small frame with inclosed sides for a child’s bed. 2. A stall for cattle. C. Biting. See Cribbing and Wind- sucking. Cribbing (Arib'-ing) [ME., crib, a manger]. The pe- culiar wearing of a horses’ teeth, due to a habit of biting his crib or manger, and at the same time suck- ing air into the stomach. - Cribriform (Arib/-re-form) [cribrum, a sieve; forma, form]. Similar to a sieve in being perforated, as the criòriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Cribrose (Arib'-rós) [criòrum, a sieve]. sieve-like. Crick (žrić) [ME., cricke, a twist in the neck]. Any painful spasmodic affection, as of the back or neck. Crico- (kri/-ko-) [kpikoç, a ring]. A prefix denoting connection with the cricoid cartilage. Cricoid (Ari'-Aoid) [kpikoç, a ring]. Ring-shaped. C. Cartilage. See Cartilages of the Zarynx. Cricothyroid (Ári-ko-thi’-roid) [kpikoç, a ring; 6Vpeo- etóñº, shield-shaped]. Pertaining to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Artery, a small branch of the superior thyroid, crossing the crico-thyroid mem- brane. It is of much surgical importance. See Arteries, Table of C. Membrane, a ligamentous membrane that lies between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Muscle. See Muscles, Zable of. Syno- In biology, 340 CROCKER'S CALAMIN LINIMENT Cricotomy (AEri-kot/-o-me) [kpikoç, ring; tālivetv, to cut]. Surgical laryngotomy by cutting through the cricoid cartilage. Criminal (Arim/-in-al) [crimen, a crime]. Of the nature of crime. C. Abortion. See Abortion. C. Assault. See Assault. Criminalogy (Arim-in-a/-o-je). See Criminology. Criminology (Arim-in-o/-o-je) [crimen, crime ; Aóyoc, science]. The science of crime and of criminals; criminal anthropology; the study of crime as a branch of morbid psychology. Crino (Ári/-no) [crimis, hair: p., Crinones]. I. A skin-affection of infants supposed to be due to the presence of a hair-worm. 2. Same as Comedo. Crinosin (Arin/-o-sin) [crimis, hair]. A nitrogenized fat from brain-substance, crystallizing in hair-like threads. Cripple (krip/-/) [ME., cripel, a paralytic]. One who is unable to walk or to use his members normally. Cripps' Operations. See Operations, Table of. Crisis (kri'-sis) [kpiotç, a decisive point; pl. , Crises]. The turning-point in a disease, fever, time of life, etc., and in disease, marking a change either for the better or worse. C. clitoridiennes, periods of voluptuous excitement in women suffering with tabes dorsalis, ac- companied by vaginal secretion, analogous to the violent erections and spermatorrhea found in men in the initial stages of tabes. C. gastriques, Charcot's term for certain gastric symptoms sometimes encount- ered in the course of progressive locomotor ataxia. The symptoms are shooting pains in the groin and abdomen, ending finally in gastralgia, pains in the shoulders and arms, a quick pulse, and often vertigo and vomiting. C., Laryngeal, paroxysmal spasm of the larynx sometimes observed in cases of posterior spinal sclerosis. Crispate (Aris/-pât) [crispatus, curlj. crisped on the margin. Crista (Aris/-tah) [L.]. Same as Crest. C. acustica, a yellow elevation projecting into the equator of the ampulla of the ear. C. fornicis, the crest of the fornix; a half-oval or semi-globular mass on the pos- terior surface of the fornix of the brain. C. galli, cock’s crest, the superior triangular process of the ethmoid bone C. helicis, spina helicis; a projec- tion of the helix above the external auditory meatus. C. spiralis, a crest of the limbus of the ear over- hanging the internal spiral sulcus of Waldeyer. C. urethralis. See Verumontanum. Critchett's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Crith (Arith) [kpt0%, barley-corn]. The assumed unit of mass and weight for hydrogen, and hence for gases generally. It is .o896 of a gram or I. 37 grains. Critical (Arit/-ić-al) [kpiotç, a decisive point]. I. Per- taining to a crisis in disease, period of life, etc. 2. A qualification applied to temperature and to pressure in relation to gases. Crocein Scarlet (Aro/-se-in skar’-let). Conspectus of Crochet (Aro-sha/) [Fr., dim. of croc, a hook]. A hook. C. of Uncinate Gyrus, the narrow portion of the uncinate gyrus at its anterior extremity which is reversed in the form of a hook. Crocin (Aro/-sin), Cls HisOs. Polychroit; the coloring- matter of Saffron. It is a deliquescent, orange-red, amorphous substance, odorless, with a sweetish taste, freely soluble in water and diluted alcohol. Crocitin (Aro/-sit-in). A coloring-substance of saffron; a red powder, easily soluble in alcohol, but not in water or ether. Crocker’s Calamin Liniment. A liniment used in the treatment of dermatitis. It consists of prepared In biology, See Pigments, CROCONIC ACID calamin powder, 2 scruples; powdered zinc oxid, 9% dram ; olive oil and lime-water each one ounce. It is applied on soft rags. Crocus (Åro/-kus) [I'pókoç, crocus, * Saffron. The stigmata of the flowers of C. sativus. (This should not be confounded with American Saffron, Carthamus tinctorius.) It is an aromatic stimulant and emmena- gogue, commonly used as a cooling-agent. C., Tinct., Io per cent. in strength. Dose 3.j—ij; of the drug, gr. v-xx, in infusion. - Crocydismus (Åro-sid-iz'-mus) [kpokvčíčelv, to pick at]. Same as Carphology. Croft's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Crooke's Tube. A highly exhausted vacuum-tube used in producing X-rays. . Crop (%rop) [ME., crop, the craw of a bird]. The craw or pouch of the esophagus of a bird. C.-bound, a disease of poultry in which the fowls are unable to pass the food from the crop into the gizzard, and the former becomes filled with food, hanging like a bag in front of the bird. Crosby's Operation. See Operations, Table of Cross (AEros) [crux, a cross]. In biology, a cross-breed in plants, the result of cross-fertilization. C.-birth, shoulder-presentation, or other presentation requiring version. C.-circulation. See Circulation. C.-eye. See Strabismus. C.-fertilization, in biology, the fer- tilization of the ovules of one species by the seed- germs of another. C.-knee. See Genze valgum. C.-leg, a deformity that sometimes follows double hip-joint disease; the legs are crossed in walking. C.-legged Progression, a method of walking in which one foot gets over or in front of the other. It is a symptom of certain cord-lesions. Crossed (Arosa) [crux, a cross]. Having the shape of a cross. Applied to alternate sides of the body. C. Anesthesia. See Anesthesia. C. Hemiplegia. See Stauroplegia. C. Paralysis. See Aaralysis. C. Reflexes, an exception to the usual law of reflex movements, in which, e.g., excitation of one fore-limb induces movement in the opposite hind-limb. See A'eflexes, Table of Crotalin (Aro/-tal-in) [kpótañov, a rattle]. An albumin- ous body contained in the poison of the cobra. It is not coagulable by heat at 212° C. - Crotalus (Åro/-a/-zes) [kpótažov, a rattle]. A genus of serpents, including the typical rattlesnakes. C. Poison. The virus of the rattlesnake, used as a remedy by homeopathists. Crotchet (Aroch/-et) [ME., crochett, a little hook]. A hook used in extracting the fetus after craniotomy. Croton (Aro/-ton) [kpótov, a tick]. euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleuteria, yields cascarilla. C. tiglium, croton oil; C. niveus, a part of the pro- duct called copalche bark. C. Aldehyd, C.H.O., a compound obtained by the condensation of acetaldehyd when heated with dilute HCl, with water and zinc chlorid; it is a liquid, soluble in water, possessing an irritating odor; it boils at from IO4° to IO5° and has a sp. gr. of I.O.33 at O°. In the air it oxidizes to cro- tonic acid. C. Chloral. See Chloral butylicum. C. Oil. See Tiglii, Oleum. Crotonol (Aro/-ton-ol) [kpótov, a tick], CAPI.O.. An acid, aromatic principle in croton oil, believed to be the vesicant constituent of the oil. Croup (AEroop) [AS., Árópan, to cry aloud]. Membran- ous croup; pseudo-membranous croup; true croup; a disease of the larynx and trachea of children, prominent symptoms of which are a peculiar cough, and difficulty in breathing; it is often accompanied by the development of a membranous deposit or exudate upon the parts. There is doubt as to the real nature A great genus of . 341 CRUSO-CREATININ of the disease, some contending that it is laryngeal diphtheria, while others believe it a special type of disease. See also Roup. C., Catarrhal, an affection of childhood characterized by paroxysms of intense dyspnea and a peculiar, ringing, metallic cough. C., False, catarrhal or spasmodic croup; catarrhal laryn- gitis. C., Spasmodic. See C., Catarrhal. Crown (Arown) [ME., crowne, a crown]. See Corona. C. Glass, a kind of glass used in optics. C. Leather. See Leather. C.-setting, the operation of uniting an artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth; the operation being commonly known by the misnomer “pivoting.” C. of a Tooth, the exposed part of the tooth above the gums, covered with enamel. C.-work, the adaptation of an artificial crown of porcelain or gold on the cervical portion of the natural root of a tooth. C.-yellow. Same as Chrome-yel/ow. Crucial (kru/-shal) [crux, a cross]. Resembling or pertaining to a cross, as a crucial incision. Cruciate (Aru/-she-àt) [crux, a cross]. shaped like a Greek cross. Crucible (Aru/-sió-l) [crucibulum, a melting pot]. A vessel of conical shape in which substances are ex- posed to the heat of a fire or furnace; it is formed of clay or earthenware, porcelain, iron, black lead or plumbago or graphite, silver, gold or platinum. In biology, Crucifixion Attitude (Aru-seºftA'-shun). See Atti- tude. Crucing (Äru/-sing). See Block Teeth. Cruels (Aroo’-el?). Synonym of Scrofula. Cruentin (Aru-en’-tin) [cruentus, bloody]. A preci- pitate obtained by boiling defibrinated blood with strong H2SO4, adding water, and filtering. Crull’s Line. See Zine. Cruorin (Aru/-or-in) [cruor, blood]. Aemoglobin. Synonym of Crupper (krup/-er) [Fr., croupe, the rump). The but- tocks of a horse. C.-bone, the coccyx. Crura (Āru/-rah) [Plural of crus, a leg]. A name ap- plied to certain parts of the body, from their resemb- lance to legs or roots. C. cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum, superior, middle, and inferior. C. cerebri, the peduncles of the cerebrum. C. of Dia- phragm, the muscular bundles arising from the verte- brae, etc., and inserted into the central tendon. C. of Penis, the corpora cavernosi. Crural (Aru/-ral) [crus, a leg]. Pertaining to the thigh. C. Arch. See Ligament. C. Hernia, fe- moral hernia. C. Ring, the femoral ring; the upper opening of the temporal canal, bounded in front by Poupart's ligament and the deep crural arch, behind by the pubis, internally by Gimbernat's ligament, externally by a fibrous band separating it from the femoral ring. Crureus (AErie’-re-us) [L.]. One of the muscles of the thigh. See Muscles, 7 able of Crus (Årus) [L. J. The leg; structures resembling a leg. See the plural, Crura. Cruso-creatinin (Aru-so-Are-at'-in-in), C.Hs N.O. A leucomaine, isolated from muscle-tissue. In this and other leucomaines of the Creatinin Group, as well as in those of the Uric Acid Group, hydrocyanic acid plays an important part in the molecular structure of the bases. Very little is yet known as to the function of this Cyanogen Group in relation to the vital activ- ity of tissues, but recent investigations seem to show that the seat of the cyanogen-formation lies within the nucleated cell, and is intimately connected with the functions of the nuclein-molecule. A number of leucomaines of fresh muscle-tissue are credited with possessing an intensely poisonous action ; and, if this be the case, any accumulation of such bases in the CRUST system, due to interference with elimination, may cause very serious disturbances. Crust (Arust) [crusta, a crust]. An irregular, dried mass of exudation, or other effete products of dis- ease of the skin. It varies much in appearance, accord- ing to the condition that produces it. It may be adherent or loose, thin and flat, or thick and craggy, light-yellow or blackish in color. Crusta (Ārus/-ta/) [L., a crust]. The ectal portion of the crus cerebri. C. lactea. See Achor. Also Synonym for Æczema. C. petrosa, a thin layer of bone covering the fang of a tooth. C. phlogistica, the yellowish layer of the upper stratum of a blood- clot coagulating slowly. Crustaceorubrin (Arus-ta-she-o-ru/-brin) shell-fish ; ruber, red]. matter of crustaceans. Crustaceous (Årus-ta/-she-us) [crusta, crust]. In biology, having a thin, hard, brittle, crust-like shell or coating. Crusted (Arus/-ted) [crusta, a crust]. Having crusts or scabs. C. Ringworm. Synonym of Fawus. C. Scall. Synonym of Impetigo. Crusting (Ärzts/-ting) [crusta, a crust]. The formation of crusts or scabs. Crutch (Aruch) [ME., crutche, a crutch]. A staff reaching from the axilla to the ground, for the pur- pose of aiding the progression of lame or crippled persons. C. Paralysis, paralysis of an upper extrem- ity due to the pressure of the crutch-head upon the nerves of the axilla. Cruveilhier’s Atrophy. See Diseases, Table of C. Disease. See Diseases, Table of C. Fascia, the superficial layer of the perineal fascia. C. Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of C. Paralysis. Same as C. AXisease. Cry (Ari) [ME., crien, to cry]. The utterance of an inarticulate vocal sound, or the sound so uttered; the sound of the voice in lamentation. Cryesthesia (Ari-es-ſhe/-ze-ah) [kpiog, cold; aloffmotº, sensation]. Undue sensitiveness to cold. Crypt (Ariſt) [kpüTTm, concealed]. A small sac or follicle. Crypts of Lieberkühn, minute tubular de- pressions of the mucous membrane of the small intes- tline. Crypta (Ārip/-tah) [kpüTTm, concealed; pl., Cryptal. Same as Crypt. . Cryptic (krip/-tić) [kputtikóg, hidden]. In biology, a term used in the study of mimicry, for such colors as enable the animal to escape enemies, or to approach its prey; protective, procryptic, aggressive, anticry?- fic resemblances. Similar effects may be produced by the use of foreign objects with which the animal covers itself to a greater or lesser extent, allocryptic. (Poul- ton. cºllan (ºr:p/-/id-in) [kpvirtóg, hidden], CnH11N. An alkaloid formed by the dry distillation of quinin. Cryptitis (Arip-ti/-täs) [kpittm, concealed; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a crypt, or of crypts. C., Urethral, phlegmasia of the mucous follicles of the urethra. Cryptobranchiate (Ärip-to-brang//-e-āţ) [kpvirtóg, hid- den; 6páyºta, gills]. In biology, having concealed gills. Cryptocephalus (Årip-to-sef’-al-us) [kpvrtóg, hidden; kepazá, head]. A monster fetus with an imperfectly- formed and concealed head. Cryptodidymus (Årip-to-did/-im-us) [kpvtróg, hidden; ðiðvuoc, twin]. A teratism in which one fetus is con- cealed within another. - Cryptodirous (Arip-to-di/-rus) [I'putróc, hidden; detp%, neck]. In biology, having a concealed neck. [creestata, In biology a red coloring- 342 CRYSTALLIZED Cryptogam (krip'-to-gam) [kputróg, hidden; yápoc, marriage]. In biology, a general term applied to any plant below Phanerogamia; any flowerless plant is called a cryptogam. Cryptogamia (Arip-to-ga/-me-ah) [kpvirtóg, hidden; Yápoç, marriage]. A division of the vegetable king- dom comprising all plants with concealed sexual organs, without pistils or stamens. Cryptogamic (Arip-to-gam/-ić). See Cryptogamous. Cryptogamous (Årift-tog/-am-us) [kpvtróg, concealed; Yáplog, marriage]. Belonging to the cryptogamia; having the processes of the reproductive function ob- scured or concealed. . . Cryptogenetic (Arip-to-jen-et/-īk) [kpvtróg, concealed; yevváelv, to beget]. Same as Cryptogamous. Cryptolith (krip/-to-lith) [kpüttm, crypt; Wiffog, stone]. A concretion or calculus formed within a crypt. Cryptophanic, or Kryptophanic Acid (Arip-to-fan/-ić) [kpvTróg, concealed ; paivetv, to bring to light], Cio His N2Olo. An acid said to occur in a free state in urine, though regarded by Landwehr as an animal gum. Cryptophthalmia (Ārip-toff-ſha/-me-ah). Same as Cryptophthalmos. Cryptophthalmos (Árip-toff-tha/-mos) [kpvirtóg, hid- den; 64.60%plóg, the eyel. I. Congenital union of the eyelids, usually over imperfect eyes. 2. A person who has congenital union of the eyelids. Cryptopia (%rip-to/-pe-a/). Same as Cryptopin. Cryptopin (Arip/-to-pin) [kpvtróg, hidden; 67ttov, opium], Col HosnOs. One of the alkaloids of opium, colorless and odorless. It is said to be anodyne and hypnotic, but it is less safe than morphin. Dose, 9% gr. Unof. Cryptopyic (Arip-to-pi/-ić) [kpvirtóg, hidden; triov, pus]. Characterized by concealed suppuration. Cryptorchid, or Cryptorchis (Arip-tor/-Aid, -éis) [kpvirtóc, hidden; 5pxic, testicle]. A person with retained testicles, i. e., not descended into the scrotum. Cryptorchidism (Arip-tor/-kid-izm) [ºpvtróc, hidden ; ôpxug, testicle]. Retention of the testes in the abdom- inal cavity. Cryptorchism (Arip-tor/-kizm). See Cryptorchidism. Cryptoscope (AEriº'-to-s/op) [kpvrtog, hidden; orotein, to inspect]. See A/uoroscope. Cryptozygous (Årip-toz/-īg-us) [I'pvrtóg, hidden ; Çvyóv, arch]. Having the dental arches or zygomata concealed from view when the skull is viewed from above. Crystal (Aris/-tal) [kpúata%20c, clear ice]. In chemis- try, a substance that assumes a definite geometric form. C., Charcot-Leyden. See Charcot-Aleyden. C., Charcot's, minute colorless crystals found in the sputa of asthmatic and bronchitic patients and others. They are said to consist of tyrosin, or according to some, of mucin. C., Violet. See Pigments, Con- spectus of Crystalli (Aris-ta/-ä). Synonym of Chicken-pox. Crystallin (Aris/-ta/-īn) [kptoražog, clear ice]. globulin of the crystalline lens. - Crystalline (Aris/-ta/-än or -īn) [kpāoražāog, crystal]. Like a crystal, C. Lens. See Zems. C. Swelling. See Saemmering. Crystallitis (Aris-tal-i/-tis). See Phakitis. Crystallization (Aris-ta/-īz-a/-shun) [kpūoražWog, ice]. The process by which the molecules of a substance arrange themselves in geometric forms when passing from a gaseous or a liquid to a solid state. C., Water of, the water of salts that cannot be extracted without destruction of their crystalline nature. - Crystallized (Aris/-ta/-īzd) [kpúata%20c, ice]. Formed into crystals. C. Green. Same as Jodin Green. The CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Crystallography (Aris-ta/-og/-ra-ſe) [kpūora??oc, crys- tal; Ypápelv, to write]. . their formation, etc. Crystalloid (Aris/-tal-oid) [kpíorażāog, crystal ; elóoc, likeness]. Having a crystalline structure, as distin- guished from colloid. like proteid bodies found in seeds, tubers, etc. Ctenes (tem/-ez) [crévec]. Incisor teeth. Ctenocyst (ten/-o-sist) [kreig (crev), comb; küotic, a bladder]. In biology, applied to the auditory vesicles of ctenophorans. Ctenoid (ten/-oid) [kreig (crev-), comb; elóoç, like]. In biology, pectinate or comb-like. Cubeb, or Cubeba (Au/-beb, or Au be/-bah) [Pers., Aa- bâba, cubeb : gen., Cubebae]. The unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba, cultivated in Java. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, C15H24, and an organic acid. It is an aromatic stimulant, diuretic in small doses, and is use- ful in affections of the bladder and urethra. It is a good remedy (applied by insufflation or smoked in cigarets) for diseases of the fauces, catarrh of the air-passages, etc. Dose gr, x-gij. C., Fld. Ext., alcoholic. Dose muv-xxx. C., Oleoresina, ethereal. Dose muv-xxx. C., Ol., the volatile oil. Dose muw- xx. C., Tinct., 20 per cent. in strength. Dose mux– 3 iij. C., Trochisci, oleoresin gr. J4, oil of Sassafras gr. Tºº, ext. of glycyrrhiza gr. iv, acacia gr. ii, syr. of tolu q.S., in each troche. Dose j—iij. Cubebene (Au/-beb-ên) [cubeb], CooHis: portion of the essential oil of cubebs. Cubebic Acid (Au-deb/-i}) [cubeb], Cis H.O.. A resi. nous acid body from cubebs; actively diuretic and cathartic. Unof. Cubebin (Au-beb/-īn) [cubeb], Cio HoOs. An odor- less crystalline substance obtained from cubebs. Cubic (Au/-bić) [kü90¢, a cube]. Pertaining to a cube. C. Space (of air), the amount of space re- quired by persons in health and in disease. In hos- pitals about IOOO cubic feet to each patient is necessary for proper ventilation. Cubital (Au/-bit-a! ! [kūgog, a cube]. Relating to the forearm, to the elbow, or to the ulna. Cubitocarpal (Au/-bit-o-kar/-pal ) [ kiffoc, a cube; kaptóg, the wrist]. Relating to the forearm and to the carpus. Cubitoradial (Au/-bit-o-ra/-de-al) [kö80¢, a cube: 7-adius, a staff]. Relating to both the ulna and the radius. - Cubitus (Au/-bit-us) [cubitus, the elbow]. a TII). Cubitus (Au/-bit-us) [cubare, to lie down]. A bed; a couch. Cuboid (ku/-boid) [kū60c, cube; eiðoc, resemblance]. Resembling a cube. C. Bone, a bone of the foot situ- ated at the outer anterior part of the tarsus. Cuca (koo'-kah). See AErythroxylon. Cucullate (Äu-ku/-ät) [cucullus, a cap, hood]. In biology, hooded. Cucullus (Åu-ku/-us) [L., a hood]. I. In biology, a hood-shaped formation of the head. 2. Synonym of Whooping-cough. . Cucumber, Squirting. See Elaterium. Cucumis (Au/-ku-mis) [L., a cucumber]. A genus of plants. C. colocynthis. See Colocynth. Cucurbit (Au-áer/-bit) [cucurbita, a gourd]. I. A cupping-glass. [Old.] 2. The body of an alembic. Cucurbitation (Au-Aer-bit-a/ -shun) [cucurbitatio, a cupping]. The operation of cupping. Cud (kud) [AS., cudde]. The regurgitated food of ruminants. C.-weed (Aud-wed). See Zife Ever- lasting, Cudbear (Aud/-bār) [After Dr. Cuthbert Gordon]. A The light The fore- 343 The science of crystals, In biology, one of the crystal- CUMBERLAND DISEASE purplish-red powder, nearly identical with Orchil, g. v. From it the Tinctura persionis, and Tinctura persionis composita, N. F., are prepared. Both are used mainly in coloring various pharmaceutic preparations. See Pigments, Conspectus of Cuichunchulli [Peruvian]. The root of Jonidium parviflorum, said to be diaphoretic, diuretic, siala- gogue, emetic, and cathartic; it is useful in elephan- tiasis. Unof. Cuirass (Awe-ras') [Fr.]. A close-fitting or immovable bandage for the front of the chest. C. Cancer, a large, flat cancerous growth upon the front of the chest. Cul-de-sac (Au/-de-sak/) [Fr. cul, the bottom ; de, of; sac, bag). A cavity of the body closed at one end. Douglas’s C., a pouch between the anterior wall of the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus, formed by the reflection of the peritoneum. It is called, also, the recto-ufferine or retro-uſerine cul-de-sac. Culex (Au/-/eks) [L., a gnat]. A mosquito. A well- known insect that punctures the skin to obtain its food, the blood. See Parasites (Animal), Table oſ. Culicifuge (ku-lis/-iſ-àj) [culex, a gnat; ſugare, to drive away]. An agent that prevents the biting of mosqui- toes; as oil of pennyroyal. Cullen's Theory. A theory as to the origin of gout, which he claims to be primarily an affection of the nervous system. Culm (AEulm) [culmus, a stalk]. jointed stem. Culmen (Au/-men) [L., the summit]. The cacumen; a portion of the cerebellum situated to the cephalic side of the vermis. In biology, the highest middle lengthwise line of the bill of a bird. Cultrate (Äul/-trät) [culter, a knife]. also cultriform. Cultriform (Au/-triform) [culter, a knife; forma, shape). See Cultrate. Culture (Äu/-chār) [colo, cultum, to till, cultivate]. A name loosely and indiscriminately applied to the act, the liquid or solid medium used, and the product of the process, in culture-experiments upon microörganisms. The culture-media are of various kinds; mineral liquids (see Raulin's Liquid, Cohn's Liquid, etc.), bouillons of various kinds, gelatinous fluids, gelose, potato, serum, etc. These media are first sterilized, usually by heat (see Oven, Sterilization), but possibly also by chemicals, by filtration, by cold, by steam, etc. The infectious matter is then taken upon a sterilized plati- num needle-point, pipet, or other instrument, and transferred to the culture-medium. When the latter is of semi-solid consistency, as gelatin, the inoculation by the needle is called Stab-culture, Stichcultur (Ger.), or par pigºre (Fr.)., the needle being thrust into the substance. When Smeared over the surface, it is called smear-culture, Strich cultur (Ger.), or en stries (Fr.). The macroscopic features of the sub- sequent development give important means of differ- entiation. For example, when the inoculated matter forms a mass in the medium, pointed below and rising like a nail-head above, it is called en clou, nail-shaped. Then the medium may be liquefied or not, variously colored, peculiarly changed, sediment deposited or not, etc. Subsequent microscopic examination of the cul- ture-product, inoculation-experiments upon animals, etc., complete the study. Culture-bulbs, culture-cells, culture-fluids, culture-media, culture-ovens, culture- tubes, etc., are among the equipments of the bacteri- ologist. C.-oven. See Oven. Culver's Physic, or Root (ku!’-verz ſiz/-ić or root) See Zeptandra. Cumberland Disease. thrax, Q. v. In biology, a hollow- Sharp-edged ; An Australian term for An CUMENE 344 Cumene (ku/-men) [cuminum, cumin], C, H13. Iso- propyl benzene ; a compound made by distilling cumic acid with lime. It boils at 153° C., and its specific gravity at o° C. is o.879. Cumic (Au/-mié) [cuminum, cumin]. Derived from or pertaining to cumin. C. Acid. See Acid, C. Aldehyd. See Cumino/. - Cumidin (Au/-mid-in) [cuminum, cumin], CoHis N. A methylated homologue of anilin. It melts at 63°C., boils at 235° C. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus 07. Cumin (AEu/-min) [cuminum, cumin]. A fennel-like, cultivated, umbelliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, found native in Egypt and Syria. The fruit is agreeably aromatic and possesses well-marked stim- ulating and carminative properties. Its active prin- ciple is an oil. Cuminol (Au/-min-o/) [cuminum, cumin; oleum, oil], Cio H12O. Cumic aldehyd, occurs in Roman cara- way oil, and in oil of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, etc. It possesses an aromatic odor and a burning taste, has a specific gravity of O.973 at 13°C., and boils at 235° C. (430° F.). Cumulative (Au/-mu-la-tiv) [cumulare, to heap up]. Increasing; adding to. C. Action, or Effect, the production of a noteworthy and sudden result, after the administration of a considerable number of com- paratively ineffective doses. The possible cumulative effect of certain drugs is one of the sources of danger that attend their administration. Cumulus (Au/-mu-lus) [L., a heap). mound. C. ovigerus. See Ovule. Cundurango (AEun-du-ran/-go). See Condurango. Cuneate (Äu/-me-ãt) [cuneus, a wedge]. Wedge- shaped. Cuneiform (Au-me/-iform) [cuneus, a wedge; forma, shapel. Wedge-shaped, cuneate. C. Bones, three wedge-shaped bones at the anterior part of the tarsus. C. Columns. See Columns of Burdach. Cuneihysterectomy (Au-me-i-/*is-ter-ek’-to-me) [cuneus, wedge ; botépa, the womb ; Śictouff, a cutting out]. The excision of a wedge-shaped piece of uterine tis- Sue, a procedure that has been advocated in the treat- ment of anteflexion of the uterus. Cuneus (Au/- me - us) [L., a wedge]. I. A wedge. 2. A wedge-shaped gyrus on the mesial aspect of the occipital lobe. Cunicular (Ale-mik/-u-lar) [Koivuk?0¢, a subterranean passage]. Furrowed. Cuniculate (Äu-nić’-w-ſat). Same as Cunicular. Cuniculus (Au-mik/-u-lus) [L.]. The burrow of the itch-insect. Cunila (Au-mi./-/a/.) [L., a plant]. A genus of labiate plants of the U. S. C. mariana, dittany; a labiate plant of N. America. It is aromatic, carminative, and gently stimulant. Unof. Cunisset's Test. See Tests, Zable of Cunnilinguist (AEun-i-/img/-gwise) [cumnus, the vulva; lingere, to lick]. One who practices licking the vulva. See /*assiz7s/t. Cunnus (Aum/-us) [L. : gen., Cunni]. The vulva. Cup (Auſ) [AS., cuppe, a cup]. I. To bleed. 2. A cupping-glass. C., Dry, a cup for drawing the blood to the surface merely. C., Favus, a depression in a favus scale surrounding a hair. C., Physiologic. See Funnel, Vascular. ing blood through incisions in the skin. Cuphosis (Autºſo/-sis). See A3'phosis. - Cupola (Żu/-po-la/l) [cupola, a dome]. The dome- shaped extremity of the canal of the cochlea. Also, the summit of a solitary gland of the small intestines. Cupped (Áupt) [AS., cuppe, a cup J. Having the A heap or C., Wet, a cup for abstract- CURD upper surface depressed; applied to the coagulum of blood after phlebotomy. C. Disc, excavation of the fundus oculi, normally present in slight degree, but pathologic if excessive. Cupping (Äup/-ing.) [AS., cuppe, a cup]. A method of blood-derivation by means of the application of cup- ping-glasses to the surface of the body. C., Dry, without the abstraction of blood—a form of counter- irritation. This is used mainly in inflammatory affec- tions of the lung. C.-glass, a small bell-shaped glass capable of holding three to four ounces, in which the air is rarefied either by heat or exhaustion, and the glass applied to the skin, either with or without scarifica- tion of the latter. C., Wet, with the abstraction of blood after scarification. Cuprea Bark (Au/-pre-ah) [cupreus, coppery; M.E., barke, bark]. The bark of certain species of A’emājia, g. v. ; it affords quinin and the associated alkaloids. Cuprum (Au/-prum) [L.: gen., Cupril. See Copper. Cupule (Äu/-pú!) [cupula, a little cup). In biology, a cup-shaped organ, as an acorn-cup, or the sucking apparatus of an insect’s foot. Curaçao (ku-ra-so') [Island of Curaçao, north of Vene- zuela]. A cordial or elixir prepared from brandy, and variously flavored, principally with orange-peel. It is sometimes used as a vehicle for certain medicines. Curaçoa (Au-ras-o/-a/a). See Curaçao. Curage (Äu-rahzh/) [Fr.]. Curettage; cleansing of the eye, or of an ulcerated or carious surface. Curara (koo-rah/-rah), Curare (Áoo-rah-re), Curari (Áoo-rah/-re) [S. Am..]. Woorara. Urari. A vege- table extract obtained from /*aze/Zimzia curare and certain members of the Strychnos family. It is a powerful paralyzant of the motor nerves. Its active principle is Curarin, C10His N (Preyer), dose gr. 3 #0–F#6, hypodermatically. It is used in S. America and elsewhere as an arrow-poison. Toxic doses cause death by paralysis of the organs of respira- tion. It has been reported effectual in two cases of hydrophobia, and has been successful in the treatment of tetanus. Dose by hypodermatic injection gr. 36–4. Injectio Curare Hypodermatica, 5 grains in 60 minims. Dose muj-vj. Curarin (koo-rah/-rin). See Curara. Curarism, Curarization (koo-rah/-rizm, Åoo-rah-riz-a/- shun) [S. A., curare]. The state of one subjected to the full influence of curare by hypodermatic injection. The voice and power of motion are generally abol- ished, but not the sensibility to pain. Curatio (%u-ra/-she-o) [cura, care]. The treatment and nursing of a patient. Curative (Au/-rat-iz) [cura, care]. tendency. Curb (Kerb) [ME., courben, to bend]. A hard and callous swelling on various parts of a horse's leg, as the hinder part of the hock, the inside of the hoof, etc. Curcas (ker/-kas). See Barbadoes Nut. Curcuma (Żer/-ku-maſ.) [L.]. Turmeric. The rhizome of Curcuma longa of India. Its action is similar to that of ginger. It is employed as a yellow dye ; in chemistry, as a test for alkalies; and in pharmacy, occasionally, to color ointments and other preparations. Curcumin (£er/-ku-min) [curcuma, saffron], C, HIO, The coloring-matter of turmeric; it crystallizes in orange-yellow prisms, and melts at 177° C. It dis- solves in the alkalies to brownish-red salts. See Aigments, Conspectus of Curd (Aerd) [ME., curd, curds]. The coagulum of milk that separates on the addition of rennet or an acid. Having a healing CURDLING FERMENT, TEST FOR Curdling Ferment, Test for. See Tests, Table of Cure (kär) [cura, care]. The successful treatment of a disease; also, a system of treatment. See Aaith- cure, Mind-cure, Grape-cure, Water-cure (see Hydro- pathy), Hunger-cure, Rest-cure, etc., C.-all, a Pana- cea, 7. v. C., Herb-juice, a method of treating certain intestinal and gastric troubles. It consists in drinking daily the fresh juice of various herbs and wild plants. C., Potato, Cameron’s method of treating foreign bodies in the alimentary tract by the ingestion of mashed potatoes. The body becomes imbedded in the potato-mass that is formed. C., Shaking-. See Shaking-cure. Curet (Au-ret/) [Fr.]. An instrument shaped like a spoon or scoop, for detaching substances from one another, as the placenta from the uterine wall, etc. Curettage (ku-ret/-äj). See Curage. Curling's Operation. See Operations, Table of. C. Ulcer. See Ulcer and Diseases, Table of Currant (żer/-ant) [ME.]. I. Uva passa minor; the small, dried, seedless grapes of Greece; formerly used in pharmacy. 2. The fruit of various species of Æibes, as A. nigrum, the black currant, preparations of which have long been employed in the home- treatment of sore-throats. Unof. C.-jelly Clot, a soft variety of clot seen in thrombi, the fibrin being stained by the presence of red cells. Current (Aer’-ent) [currere, to run]. In electricity, a term applied to the transference of electric force, which is arbitrarily likened to the flow of a liquid in a confined passage. C., Action, the physiologic current obtained during the activity of a muscle or nerve. C., After, a current produced in nervous or muscular tissue when a constant current which has been flowing through the same has been stopped. C., Alternating, a term applied to a current which, by means of an interrupter, is alternately direct and reverse. This current is employed (in New York) for the execution of capital sentences. C., Ascending, the current formed by placing the positive electrode upon the periphery of a nerve and the negative upon the surface over the nerve-center in the spinal cord. C., Axial, a current passing through a nerve in the direction opposite to that taken by the normal impulse. C., Battery, a galvanic current. C., Blood, the stream of blood as it flows from and back to the heart. C., Centrifugal,a descending current. C., Centripetal, an ascending current. C., Constant. See C., Con- tinuous. C., Continuous, a constant, uninterrupted current in one direction. C., Critical, the current at which a certain result is reached. C., Demarcation, the muscle-current of Du Bois Reymond; the current obtained from an injured muscle. C., Derived, a cur- rent drawn off by a derivation-wire from the main cur- rent. C., Descending, one passing through a nerve centrifugally, the anode being placed proximally, the cathode distally. C., Diffusion of, the power of a galvanic current to extend its influence in all direc- tions, the same power never being limited to the two electrodes. C., Direct, a current constant in direction, in contradistinction to an alternating current. C., Electrotonic, in electro-therapeutics, a current due to internal polarization in the nerve-fiber between the conducting core of the nerve and the enclosing sheath. C., Faradic, the current produced by an in- duction-coil, or by a magneto-electric machine. C., Franklinic, a term sometimes used in electro-thera- peutics for a current produced by the action of a fric- tional electric machine. C., Galvanic, a current generated by the decomposition of acidulated water by means of metallic plates. C., Induced. See C., Secondary. C., Interrupted, a current that is alter- 345 CUSCO BARK nately opened and closed. C., Inverse, an ascending or centripetal current. C., Labile, moving one or both electrodes over the surface treated. C., Muscu- lar or Nerve, Alteration Theory of, a theory pro- posed by L. Hermann, in which the currents of nerve or muscular fibers are regarded as a result of their altera- tion from any original condition; Molecular Theory of, a theory proposed by Du Bois Reymond, according to which every nerve or muscular fiber is regarded as composed of a series of electro-motive molecules ar- ranged in series and surrounded by a neutral conduct- ing fluid. C., Reversed, that produced by changing the poles. C., Secondary, a momentary current produced when a coil of insulated wire is introduced within the field of another coil, through which a con- tinuous current is passing. When the coil is removed from the field there is a momentary current in the op- posite direction. C., Secretion, a current following stimulation of the secretory nerves. C.-selector, a device for altering the strength of a current. C., Stabile, a current applied with both electrodes in a fixed position. C., Swelling, one that begins weak and is gradually made stronger, and again gradually diminished. C., To and Fro, a Faradic current. C., Voltaic, the continuous current. Curry (Aer/-e) [Canarese, kari). A sauce, originally Anglo-Indian, containing turmeric, coriander, capsi- cum, garlic, ginger, etc.; it is much employed as a relish or appetizer, especially in warm countries; also, a dish seasoned with the foregoing. Curschmann's Spirals. Corkscrew-like threads of mucin contained in the small, thick pellets that are expectorated during or at the close of an asthmatic paroxysm. They are supposed to be casts of the bronchioles, and have also been seen in simple bron- chitis and in pneumonia. C. Theory. See Aronchio- Zitis exzedativa. Curtate (£er/-tät) [curtatus, shortened]. See Expecta- tion of Zife. C. Expectation. See Expectation of Life. Curtman’s Test. See Tests, 7 able of Curvature (Áer/-vat-àr) [curvare, to curve]. A bend- ing or curving. C., Angular. See Spondy/itis. C., Potts’, angular curvature of the spine, with a posterior projection. C. of Spine. See Caries, Ajſp/losis, Scoliosis. Curve (Aerº) [curvus, bent]. A bending or flexure. C. of Carus, in obstetrics, a portion of the arc of a circle the circumference of which lies in the median line of the pelvis, the center being at the symphysis pubis; the curve is that part of the arc that lies between the planes of the inlet and the outlet. Curvicaudate (ker-ze-Kaw/-dāt) [curvus, curved; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a curved tail. Curvidentate (ker-ve-acn/ -āt) [curzus, curved ; dens, tooth]. In biology, having curved teeth. Curvifoliate (Äer-ve-ſo'-le-āt) [curvus, curved ; folium, leaf). In biology, having curved leaves. Curvinervate (Aer-ve-mer/-vāf) [curvus, curved ; nervus, nerve]. In biology, applied to leaves the veins of which are curved and nearly parallel in their COUll’SC. Curvirostral (£er-ve-rosſ-fraſ) [curvus, curved; ros- trum, beak]. In biology, having a crooked bill or beak. Curvoisier and Von Hacker's Method. See Opera- tions, Table of Cusack’s Operation. Cuscamidin (Kus-Aam’-id-in) [cusco, amid J. stance found in Cinchomas. Cuscamin (Aus/-Kam-in) [cusco, amin]. A crystalline substance found in Cinchonzas. Cusco Bark (Aus/-Åo baré). A kind of cinchona ; the bark of a variety of Cinchona pubescens. See Operations, Table of A sub- CUSCONIDIN - 346 Cusconidin (Aus-kon/-id-in) [cusco]. An alkaloid found in Cinchonas. *. - Cusconin (Aus’-ko-min) [cusco], CosłłogN,O,. A crys- talline alkaloid found in Cinchona bark. Cushing's Operation. See Operations, Table of Cushion (Aish/-un) [ME., cuschone, a cushion]. ... A soft body used as a pillow, for the purpose of reclin- ing or sitting. Cusp (AEusp) [cuspis, a point]. tooth. Cusparia Bark (žus-pa/-re-a/, baré). See Angustura. Cuspid Teeth (Aus'-pid). The four teeth that have conical crowns. They are situated, one on each side, in each jaw, between the lateral incisor and first bicuspid. Cuspidate (Äus/-pid-āf) [cuspis, a point]. tipped with a sharp, rigid point. Cuspidatus (kus-pid-a/-tus) [cuspis, a point: £1., Cus- pidatil. A cuspid tooth. t Cuspidor (Aus/-pid-or) [Pg., cuspidor, a spittoon]. A spittoon; a vessel for receiving the ejecta from the mouth. C., Sanitary, a small pasteboard or wooden cup with a cover supported in a rim of metal. These cuspidors should contain some water or disinfecting solution, and at the end of the day should be thrown into the fire. They are used to prevent the dissem- ination of the germs of tuberculosis. Cusso (Ails’-so). See Brayera and Åooso. Cut (Aut) [ME., cutten, to cut]. To incise, as with a knife. To castrate. An incision. In biology, a cleft. C.-velvet. See Veſveć. Cutaneous (Au-ta/-me-us) [cutis, the skin]. to the skin. C. Calculus. See /l/?/ium. C. Em- physema. See Emphysema. C. Horns. See Cornu cutaneum. C. Respiration, the transpiration of gases through the skin. Cutch (Auch) [Anglo-Ind.]. I. A name given to Catechu, the dried extract from Acacia catechu, cul- tivated in India and Burmah, and containing 45 to 55 per cent. of a special variety of tannic acid (catechu- tannic or mimotannic). It is used in leather-manu- factures. 2. The tool, or book of parchment leaves, between which gold is beaten into foil. Cuticle (Au/-tić-/) [dim, of cutis, the skin]. dermis or scarf-skin. See Séin. Cuticula (ku-tik/-u-Zah). [dim. of cuffs, a skin]. The outer, finely lamellated layer of the wall of hydatid cysts. C. dentis, the cuticle of a tooth; Nasmyth's membrane; the delicate horny envelop that covers the enamel of young and unworn teeth. Cuticular (ku-tik/-u-lar) [cuticula, dim. of cuffs, the skin]. Belonging or pertaining to the skin. - Cuticularization (Au-tié-at-lar-iz-a/-shun) [cuticula, dim. of cutis, the skinj. The formation of a cuticula. Cutin (Au/-tim) [cutis, skin]. . In biology, cork-sub- stance; a modification of cellulose (Frémy), also called szzöeränz. Cutipunctor (ku-te-punk/-tor), [cutis, skin; punctor, The pointed crown of a In biology, Pertaining The epi- puncturer]. An instrument for puncturing the skin. Cutis (Au/-tis) [L.]. The derma, or true skin. C. anserina. See Goose Skin. C. pendula. Synonym of Dermafolysis. C. testacea, a variety of seborrhea in which the trunk and extensor surfaces of the ex- tremities are covered with large, thick plates of greasy, inspissated sebum, usually greenish or blackish, from accumulation of dirt upon them. There is no inflam- mation of the subjacent skin. C. unctuosa. onym of Seborrhea. Cutisation (Au-ſis-a/-shun) [cutis, skin']. The acquire- ment of the characters of true skin by exposed mucous membrane. Cutisector (Au-tis-ek/-tor) [cutis, skin; sector, a cutter]. Syn- CYANOGEN An instrument for taking small sections of skin from the living subject for microscopic study. - Cut-off Muscle. A popular designation for the com- pressor urethrae muscle. See Muscles, Table of Cutose (Äu/-tós) [cutis, skin]. In biology, the substance forming the thin outer covering of the aërial organs of plants (Frémy). - Cuttle, Cuttlebone (Äut/-l, kut/-/bân). See Sepia. Cuvier, Angle of. See Angle. C., Canals of. See Cazza!. C., Ducts of. See Dzect. Cyanalcohol (si-an-a/-ko-hol) [kūavoc, dark-blue; alcohol J. Cyanhydrin; a substance obtained by the union of an aldehyd with hydrocyanic acid. Cyanaldehyd (si-an-a/-de-hid) [kūavoc, dark-blue; aldehyd]. A substitution-compound of acetic alde- hyd. - Cyanalkin (si-an-a/-kin) [kūavoc, blue; alkali]. One of the products of the action of sodium upon the pure nitrites. The cyanalkins are crystalline and strongly alkaline bases, and form salts with one equivalent of the acids. * Cyanamid (si-an/-am-id) [kūavoc, blue; amid J, CN.- NH3. A white, crystalline body prepared by the ac- tion of ammonia on cyanogen chlorid. Cyananilid (si-am-an/-iſ-id) [ki'avoc, blue; anilin]. C, N, H. Phenylcyanamid, a body formed on conduct- ing CNCl, into a cooled ethereal solution of anilin. It is readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but dissolves with difficulty in water. Cyanbenzene (si-am-ben/-zen). See Benzonitrile. Cyanein (si-an-e/-in) [kūavog, dark-blue]. In biology, the blue pigment found by Krukenberg in Åhizostoma, Vel/el/a, Aurelia, and Cyanea. It is soluble in water, insoluble in benzene, carbon distilphid, and chloro- form. Cyanephidrosis (si-am-ef-id-ro/-sis) &piópoolg, sweat]. Blue sweat. Cyanetholin (si-am-eth/-o-lin) [kūavoc, blue; ethyl]. A liquid of ethereal odor, insoluble in water, and de- composing when distilled. The cyanetholins are the esters of the cyanic acids. Cyanhematin (si-an-hem/-at-in) [kūavoc, blue; alga, blood]. A substance produced by adding a solution of cyanid of potassium to a solution of blood, and heating gently for some time. Cyanhydrin (si-am-hi/-drin). See Cyanalcohol. Cyanhydrosis (si-am-hid-ro/-sis). See Cyanephidrosis. Cyanic (si-an/-ić) [kiavoc, blue]. Blue or bluish. C. Acid. See Acid, Cyanic. Cyanid (si/-an-id) [kūavog, blue]. Any compound of cyanogen with a metal or a radical. Most of the cyanids are actively poisonous. Cyanidrosis (si-am-id-ro/-sis). J25. Cyanin (si'-an-in) [kūavoc, dark-blue]. I. In biol- ogy, the blue pigment of certain flowers, as the corn- flower, violet, iris, etc. 2. CogPſas N.I. A blue dye formerly prepared by heating quinolin amyl iodid with potassium hydroxid. Same as Quinolin-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of C.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Cyanochroia (si-an-o-Aroi/-ah) [kūavoc, blue; aſpotá, [kvávog, blue; Same as Cyanephidro- color]. Cyanosis. Cyanoderma (si-an-o-der’-mah) [köavoc, blue; 6épua, skin]. Cyanosis. Cyanodermia (si-an-o-der/-me-ah). Cyanogen (si-an/-o-jen ) [ ki’avog, blue; yewvāv, to produce]. A radical molecule having the structure CN, an acid-compound of carbon and nitrogen, exist- ing as a colorless, combustible gas, exceedingly pois- onous. With hydrogen it forms hydrocyanic or prussic acid ; with metals, the cyanids; with oxygen, See Cyanoderma. CYANOHEMOGLOBIN the compound known as fulminic acid. Cyanogen and hydrocyanic acid are usually distinguished by the odor of bitter almonds. Cyanohemoglobin (si-an/-o-hem-o-glo/-bin) [ki'avoc, blue ; yewvāv, to produce; alpa, blood; globus, a ball]. A peculiar compound of hydrocyanic acid and hemoglobin, made by the addition of hydrocyanic acid to warm blood outside of the body. This substance is entirely wanting in the ozonizing power of normal oxyhemoglobin. Cyanomycosis (si-an/-o-mi-ko/-sis)[kūavoc,blue; uíkmg, fungus]. The production of blue pus, or of pus charged with Micrococcus pyocyaneus. See Bacteria. Cyanopathy (si-am-op/-a-the). See Cyanosis. Cyanophilous (si-an-off’-i/-us) [kūavoc, blue; pºéetv, to love]. Stainable with blue coloring-matter. Cyanophyl (si-an/-o-fi/) [kūavoc, dark-blue; púWAov, leaf J. Frémy's name for a supposed blue constituent of chlorophyl. Cyanopia (si-an-o’-pe-ah) [kūavog, blue; &lp, eye). A perverted state of the visual powers, during which all objects appear blue. Cyanosin (si-an/-o-sin) [kūavog, blue]. One of the Fluorescein colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of Cyanosis (si-an-o/-sis) [kūavog, blue]. A bluish dis- coloration of the skin from non-oxidation of the blood, caused by local or general circulatory diseases. It may be due to the admixture of arterial and venous blood, as when there is a deficiency of the septum between the auricles and ventricles. It is seen in various diseases of the heart and lungs. C., Con- genital. See Blue Disease. Cyanospermia (si-an/-o-sper/-me-ah) [kūavoc, blue; otépua, sperm]. A condition wherein the semen has a bluish tint. - Cyanotic (si-an-of/-i}) [kūavoc, blue]. affected with cyanosis. Cyanuric Acid (si-am-u/-rić). See Acid, Tricyanic. Cyanurin (si-am-u/-rin) [küavog, blue; oipov, urine]. Uroglaucin or urine-indigo; indigo found in the urine in cystitis and in chronic kidney-diseases; it is also occasionally found in apparent health. Cyar (si'-ar) [kūap, the eye of a needle]. The internal auditory meatus. - Cyasma (si-asſ-mah) [kvéetv, to be pregnant: £1., Casmata]. The peculiar freckle sometimes seen upon pregnant women. Cyathiform (si'-ath-iform) [cyathus, a cup; forma, shape]. In biology, cup-shaped. Cyclarthrosis (sik-lar-thro/-sis)[kūkāoc,circle; apôpoolç, a joint]. A pivot-joint; lateral ginglymus, or rotary diarthrosis; an articulation that admits of decided rota- tion in one of its elements. Cyclic (si/-Alié) [kvkâtróg, circular]. Having cycles or periods of exacerbation or change, as cyclic insanity. In biology, applied to flowers whose organs are ar- ranged in whorls. C. Albuminuria. See Albumi- muria. C. Insanity. See Insanity. Cyclicotomy (si-Alić-of/-o-me) [kvkātkóc, circular; tépºwelv, to cut]. Surgical incision or division of the ciliary body. Cyclitic Shell (si-klit"-ik) [kvKätkóc, circular]. A co- herent, solid, fibrous mass of exudate, completely enveloping the crystalline lens. Cyclitis (sik-li'-tis) [kūkāoç, a circle; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the ciliary body, characterized by a zone of congestion in the sclerotic coat surround- ing the cornea. It is a serious condition, often impli- cating adjacent structures. It may be serous, plastic, or suppurative. Irido-cyclitis, the involvement of both iris and ciliary body in the inflammatory process. Cyclocephalus (si-Alo-sef’-al-us) [kūkāog, a circle; Relating to or 347 CYTLINDROCEPHALIC kepazºff, head]. I. A species of single autositic mon- sters characterized by a more or less complete absence of the olfactory organs, together with an intimate union of imperfectly developed or rudimentary visual organs, situated in the median line. 2. A variety of this species in which there is a fusion of the orbital cavities and of the eyes, without a vestige of a nose or of a proboscis. Cycloid (si/-Aloid) [kūkāog, a circle; eiðoç, form]. In biology, having a circular form. Cyclophoria (sik-lo-fo/-re-ah) [kūk?oc, a circle; popeiv, to bear]. I. A term applied to the circulation of the fluids of the body. 2. An insufficiency of the oblique muscles of the eye, giving the eyes a tendency to roll outward or inward, so that the naturally vertical meri- dians would diverge either at the upper or lower extremities. Cyclopia (si-Alo/-pe-ah). See Synophthalmia. Cycloplegia (si-Alo-ple/-je-ah) [kükäog, circle; tāmyā, a stroke]. Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye. Cyclops (si/-#/ops) [kūkāog, circle; &lp, eye]. A con- genital malformation consisting in a fusion of the two eyes into one. See Rhinocephalus. Cyclosis (si-Ålo/-sis) [kūkāog, a circle]. In biology, circulation, as of the protoplasm within a cell. Cyclothymia (si-Alo-ſhim/-e-ah) [kük20c, circle; flvuòg, mind.]. Cyclic insanity. See Insanity. Cyclotome (sik/-/o-tom) [kükäog, circle; touác, cut- ting]. A kind of knife for performing cyclotomy. Cyclotomy (sié-lot/-o-me) [kük20ſ, round; Touff, section]. An operation proposed for the relief of glaucoma, con- sisting of an incision through the ciliary body. Cydonium (si-do/-me-um) [kvóóvtov, a quince]. Quince- seed. The seeds of C. vulgaris, employed mainly for the mucilage contained in the epithelial covering, which consists of a compound of gum and glucose. C. mucilago, quince-seeds 2, macerated in water IOO parts, is a bland demulcent, known as Bandolin, and used as a hair-dressing. Cyematocardia (si-em-at-o-kar'-de-ah) [kümua, a fetus; kapótá, a heart]. Fetal rhythm of the heart-sounds. Cyesiognosis (si-e-se-og-no/-sis) [kimotſ, pregnancy; yvägtg, knowledge]. The diagnosis of pregnancy. Cyesiology (si-e-se-o/-o-je) [kimouc, pregnancy; 7.6).0g, treatise]. The science of gestation in its medical aspects. Cyesis (si-e'-sis) [kimotſ, pregnancy]. Cyetic (si-et/-ä) [kumrukóc, pregnant]. pregnancy. Cylicotomy (sil-ik-off’-o-me) [kö%té, cup ; Téuvetv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the ciliary muscle. Cylinder (sil/-in-der) [kū2tvöpoç, a cylinder]. A long, circular body. See, also, Lenses. C.-cone of Kuhnt, one of the conical sections marked off by the “incisures” and going to build up the annular seg- ments of a medullated nerve-fiber. C.-filling, a fill- ing, the material of which is composed of gold-foil or tin-foil cylinders, sometimes called block-filling. C. of Gold-foil, a form of gold-foil for filling teeth, made by rolling a tape of non-cohesive gold upon a fine broach, commencing at one end of the tape and continuing the movement until the desired size of the cylinder is reached. Cylindrenchyma (sil-in-dreng/-kim-ah), [Kºtvópoc, a cylinder ; Śyxvua, an infusion]. In biology, tissue composed of cylindric cells. Cylindric (siſ-in/-drik), or Cylindrical (sil-in/-drić-al) [kiºlvópoc, a cylinder]. Pertaining to or like a Pregnancy. Relating to cylinder. C. Lenses. See Lenses. Cylindrocephalic (sil-in/-dro-seſ-a/-ä) [ki/tvópoc, cylinder; kepañff, head]. Affected with cylindro- cephaly. CYLIND ROCEPHALY Cylindrocephaly (sil-in/-dro-sef’-a-le) [kö%tvopog, cylin- der ; Kepažň, head]. A cylindric formation of the skull. Cylindroid (siſ/-in-droid) [köätvöpoc, cylinder; eiðoç, likeness]. A name given to a mucous cast frequently found in the urine in scarlet fever, and other diseases. It #: closely resembles a hya- line tube-cast. Cylin- droids are ribbon-like forms, usually of great length, and of about the same diameter as renal casts. They may as- Sume various shapes, due to bends and twists, \ giving them a cork-screw appearance. The ex- tremities are narrow and elongated and often bi- furcated. Cylindroma (siſ-in-dro/- mea/h)[kü%tvöpoç, a cylin- der: A/., Cylindromata]. - - A tumor peculiar to the orbit of the eye, to the face, and to the stomach, composed of cylindric or club-like hyaline processes. It is a variety of myxo-sarcoma. Cylindrosis (siſ-in-dro/-sis) [kvätvöpoijv, to roll]. A variety of bony articulation, the bone being rolled upon itself to form a canal and then a suture, as in the cranium. Cyllosis (siſ-o/-sis) [Ici A2000ſ, crippled]. lameness from deformity. Cyllosoma (sil-o-so'-ma/) [kv%óg, lame; adjua, a body: A/., Cy//osomata). A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species celosoma, in which there is a lateral eventration occupying principally the lower portion of the abdomen, with absence or imperfect development of the lower extremity on that side occupied by the eventration. Cyllum (si/-u/l) [ſci/.0ç, crooked]. Cymba (sim/-ba/.) [köpiſłm, a boat]. shaped sponge-spicule. Cymbiform (sim/-0;form) [cymba, boat; forma, shape]. In biology, boat-shaped. C. Bone, the Scaphoid bone. Cymbocephalia (simi-60-seſ-a/-le-ah). See Cymboceph- a/y. Cymbocephalic, or Cymbocephalous (sim-bo-seſ-a/- ić, or sim-bo-sef’-a/-us) [kippm, boat; kejažň, head]. Exhibiting cymbocephaly. Cymbocephaly (sim-bo-sef’-a-ſe) [küpığm, boat ; Icepaññ, head]. The condition of having a boat-shaped head. Cyme (sim) [cyme, a young Sprout]. In biology, a loose flower-cluster on the determinate or centrifugal plan. Cymene (si/-men) [cy/minum, cumin], Cio Hit. A hy- drocarbon that occurs, together with cumic aldehyd, in Roman caraway oil (from Cuminum cyminum), and in other ethereal oils. It is prepared by treating oil of turpentine with oil of vitriol. It is a pleasantly- smelling liquid, that boils at 175°–176°C.; its specific gravity at O’ C. is o.8722. Cymogene (si/-/no-jen) [kūluvov, cumin; yévm.g., produc- ing]. A product obtained from petroleum, gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but liquefiable by cold or pres- sure; boiling at 0°C. (32° F.); specific gravity IIo° B. It is used in the manufacture of artificial ice, and is serviceable in the production of great cold for local or minor surgical purposes. CYLINDROIDs. a and 6. Cast-like forms. c. Filanmentous forms. Club-foot; Knock-knee. In biology, a boat- 348 CYRTOCEPHALUS Cymose (si/-mós) [kipia, a young sprout]. pertaining to a cyme ; bearing cymes. Cynanche (sin-ang/-ke) [ kiov, a dog; āyxelv, to strangle]. An old name for any acute affection of the throat, as diphtheria, croup, tonsillitis, etc., in which the patient struggles for breath (as a panting dog). See also Angina. C. maligna, a fatal form of sore-throat. C. suffocativa. Synonym of Croup. C. tonsillaris. See Quinsy. Cynanthropia (sin-an-thro’-pe-ah) [küov, dog; &vtpoſtog a man]. A mania in which the patient believes him- self a dog, and imitates the actions of one. Cyniatria (si-ne-a-tri’-ah) [küov, dog; tarpeia, med- ication]. The science or treatise of the diseases of the dog and their treatment. Cynic (sin/-ić) [kvvukóg, dog-like]. Pertaining to a dog. C. Spasm, a contraction of the facial muscles upon one side, so as to expose the teeth in the man- ner of an angry dog. Cynobex hebetica (si'-no-beks he-bet/-ié-ah) [ki ov, dog; 8%, cough; #8mtlicog, youthful]. The convul- sive cough of puberty; a loud, dry, barking cough that often attacks boys and girls at puberty. General hygienic treatment is usually curative. Cynocephalous (sin-o-sef’-a/-us) [küov, dog; Kepa Aff, the head]. With the head dog-shaped. Cynodontes (si-no-don/-tez) [ktov, dog; 6600g, ôóóvrog, tooth]. The canine teeth, so called from their resemblance to the teeth of a dog. See Cuspid Teeth. Cynoglossum (si-no-glos/-um). See Hound's Zongue. Cynolyssa (si-no-lis/-ah) [küov, dog; Wügoa, rabies]. Hydrophobia; rabies. Cynophobia (si-no-fo/-be-a/.)[xüov, a dog; på60ſ, fear]. I. Morbid fear of dogs. 2. Imaginary hydrophobia. Cynorexia (si-no-reks/-e-ah) [küov, dog; 6peśtſ, appe- tite]. Canine voracity; bulimia. Cynospasmus (si-no-spasſ-mus) [küov, dog; otaoplóg, spasm]. Same as Cynic Spasm. Cynurenic Acid (sin-u-ren/-ić) [küov, a dog; oipov, urine], Cooſ II, N,Cs + 2 H2O. A crystalline acid found in dog’s urine. It is a decomposition-product of pro- teids. On heating it cynurin is evolved. Cynurin (sin/-at-rin) [küov, a dog; oipov, urine], CisłII.N.O. A base obtained by heating cynurenic acid to 250°. Cyophoria (si-o-fo’-re-ah) [kü0ç, fetus; pépetv, to carry]. Pregnancy; gestation. a Cyopin (si/-o-pin) [kváveog, blue; Tôov, pus]. The coloring-matter found in blue pus. Cyphosis (si-foſ-sis). See A3'phosis. Cypripedin (sip-rig-e'-din) [citpic, Venus; tróðtov, a slipper]. A precipitate from the tincture of Cypripe- dium pubescens, antispasmodic, nervine, narcotic. Dose 94 to 3 grains. Unof. Cypripedium (sip-rig-eſ-de-um) [kitplc, Venus; Tóðtov, a slipper]. Lady's Slipper. The roots of C. pubes- cens and C. parviflorum, American valerian, with properties due to a volatile oil and acid. It is an antispasmodic and stimulant tonic, used instead of valerian, which it resembles. C., Fld. Ext. Dose X-XXX. Cypriphobia (sift-rif-o/-be-ah) [küttpug, Venus; pó60¢, fear]. Fear of sexual intercourse. Cyprus Vitriol (si'-prus wit/-re-ol). In biology, Same as Blue Vºž7-zo/. C. Fever. Same as Maz//a Fezer. Cypsela (sift-sel/-ah) [kvpé%a, a hollow, cup-like structure]. In biology, a term sometimes applied to an achenium which is invested with an adnate calyx such as that of the Compositae. Cyron (sir/-on). See Chyron. Cyrtocephalus (sir-to-sef’-a/-us) [kvptóg, convex; Kepažň, head]. Having a short head. CYRTOCORYPHUS Cyrtocoryphus (sir-to-kor/-ij-us) [kupTóg, convex; Kopvpff, the crown of the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull with a parietal angle between 122° and 132°. Cyrtograph (sir/-to-graf) [kupTóg, curved; Ypápetv, to record]. A recording cyrtometer. Cyrtoma (sir-to/-ma/) [kiptoga, a curving ; pl., Cyr- tomata]. A convexity, especially one that is ab- normal. Cyrtometer (sir-tom/-et-er) [kupTóg, curved; plérpov, a measure]. An instrument adapted for measuring curves, and especially those of the chest. Cyrtometopus (sir-to-met-op/-us) [kvptóg, convex; pléroſtov, the forehead]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed by lines connecting the nasion with the bregma and the metopion is between 120° and 130.5°. Cyrtonosus (sir-ton/-o-sus) [kupTóg, curved ; vödog, a disease]. Synonym for Æhachitis. Cyrtopisthocranius (sir-to-pis-tho-Ara/-me-us) [kvpróg, curved ; birtodokpávtov, the occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle of the summit of the occiput is between II.7° and 140°. Cyrtosis (sir-to/-sis) [kiptootc, curvature: £7, Cyrtoses]. Any deformity, especially one that affects the bones. Cyrturanus (sir-tūr-a/- mus) [kupTóg, curved; otpavág, the roof of the mouth]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle at the roof of the mouth is between I32° and I47.5°. . Cyst (sist) [küottº, a pouch]. A cavity containing fluid and surrounded by a capsule. C., Blood. See Aſematoma. C., Cutaneous. See C., Dermoid. C., Dentigerous, one containing teeth; one form is found in the ovaries. C., Dermoid, a congenital cyst con- taining bone, hair, teeth, etc.; the cyst-wall is like the skin. C., Echinococcus, a cyst formed in various tissues and organs of man by the larva of the Zaenia echinococcus of the dog, taken into the stomach. C., Exudation, one resulting from increase of exuda- tion, or from exudation into a closed cavity. C., Hydatid. See C., Echinococcus. C., Meibomian. See Chalazion. C., Mucous, a retention cyst con- taining mucus. C., Multilocular, one composed of many separate compartments. C., Müllerian, a cyst containing mucus, blood, or pus, developed in the remnants or rudiments of the inferior or vaginal portion of the duct of Müller. C., Piliferous, a hair-containing or dermoid cyst. C., Primary, one newly formed, not from distention. C., Retention, one that is due to the non-expulsion from its duct of the secretion of a gland, in consequence of closure of the duct, as in mucous or sebaceous cysts. C., Seba- ceous, one containing fatty material. C., Secondary, a cyst within a cyst. C., Sublingual. See A’amula. C., Synovial, one resulting from the distention of bursae or synovial sheaths. C., Tarsal. See Chala- zion. . C., Unilocular, one having but a single cavity, C., Wolffian, a cyst developed in the inferior vestiges of the canal of Wolff. It is situated in the anterior or antero-lateral vaginal wall, and is frequently pro- longed toward the cervix or even into the base of the broad ligament. Cystadenoma (sist-ad-en-o’-mah) [kibatic, cyst; āó#v, gland; jua, a tumor: pl. , Cystadenomata]. An ad- enoma containing cysts. Cystalgia (sist-a/-je-ah) [kiborg, bladder; &Ayoc, pain]. Pain in the bladder. Cystatrophia (sist-at-ro/-fe-ah) ſkiiotic, bladder; itpo- ©fa, want of nourishment]. Atrophy of the urinary bladder. Cystauchenitis (sist-aw-ken-i/-täs) [küotic, bladder; abºv, neck; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the neck of the bladder; trachelocystitis. 349 Cystid (sist/-īd) [Río Tug, a bladder]. CYSTINURIA Cystauxe (sist-awks/-e) [ki.org, bladder; atºm, in- crease]. Thickening of the bladder. Cystectasia (sist-ek-ta/-ze-a/), or Cystectasy (sist-e//, Zaz-e) [xiatag, bladder; Škraoag, a stretching out]. Surgical dilatation of the urethra or of its prostatic portion in certain operations for stone. Cystein (sist/-e-in) ſki otag, bladder], C, H, NO,S. A compound obtained by reducing cystin ; it is a crys- talline powder, soluble in water, yielding an indigo- blue color with ferric chlorid; in the air it rapidly oxidizes to cystin. Cystelcosis (sis/-el-Ao/-sis) [kta Tig, bladder; £7,500 ſc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the bladder. Cystencephalus (sist-em-sef/-a/-us) [ktoric, a bladder; §ykeſha/4¢, the brain]. A form of monstrosity in whic the brain is replaced by a cyst-like structure. - Cystenchyma (sist-eng/-kim-ah) [kio Taç, a bladder; êyºupſa, an infusion]. In biology, a connective tissue of large, oval, thin-walled cells, as seen in certain sponges. Cysthitis (sis-thi'-tis) [kūaffog, vulva; alſ, inflamma- tion]. . Inflammation of the vulva. Cystic (sist/-ić) [küotic, bladder]. Pertaining to or resembling a cyst; pertaining to the urinary bladder or the gall-bladder. C. Angioma. Synonym of Zymp/- angioma circumscrip/um. Cysticercus (sis-te-ser/-kus) [küorig, a bladder; képkoç, a tail]. The scolex of the tape-worm. An hydatid. C. bovis, a form of hydatid existing in the muscles of the ox (mostly in the calf). Its progenitor is the Zaemia mediocame/lata of man. It produces the dis- ease called Beef Measles. C. cellulosae, the hydatid found inhabiting the intermuscular connective tissue of the pig, producing the condition known as “measles.” Its progenitor is the Tania solium of man. See Alternation of Generation. C. cellu- losae cutis. An hydatid, or immature form of 72nia solium, which is sometimes parasitic upon the subcu- taneous tissues of the skin. C. ovis, an hydatid of uncertain origin found in sheep in the condition called Mutton A/easſes. C. pisiformis, an hydatid found mainly in the abdominal cavity of the rabbit and of the hare, and, in its immature state, in the liver of these animals. Its progenitor is the Tania serrata of the dog. C. tenuicollis, a slender or long-necked hydatid found in the abdominal and pelvic cavity of the sheep, the pig, the ox, and the fowl. Its progenitor is the Zºnia marginata of the dog. See Parasites (Animal), Zable of. In biology, the saccular, ciliated, planula-like embryo of a polyzoan ; also the cell in which the body of an adult polyzoan is contained. Cystidomyeloma (sist-id-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [kio Taç, blad- der; uvezóc, marrow]. A medullary carcinoma of the bladder. Cystifellotomy (sist-if-el-of/-o-me) [küorig, cyst; fel, bile; Topuſ, a cutting]. See Cholecystoſomy. Cystiform (sist/-iform) [cystis, a bladder; forma, shape]. Encysted, cystomorphous. Cystin (sist/-in) [kbo Tuc, bladder], C3H1NSO,. A sub- stance found in the urine in small amount. It occurs in regular, colorless, six-sided tables of very charac- teristic appearance. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, but readily soluble in ammonia. Test: boil with a solution of lead oxid in sodium hydrate. If cystin is present, black lead sulphid is precipitated. Cystinuria (sist-in-w/-re-ah) [kiotic, bladder; oipov, urine]. The presence of cystin in the urine. The cystin may be present in the form of calculi or as a deposit. The urine has a yellowish-green color and a peculiar smell, like that of fresh sweet-briar, but rapidly acquires a putrescent odor on standing, whilst an oily film forms on the surface. CYSTIPAQ'HY Cystipathy (sist-ip’-a-the) [ki orig, bladder; trá60¢, disease]. Any disease of the bladder. Cystirrhea (sist-ir-e'-ah) [küotic, bladder; bota, a flow]. Vesical catarrh. Cystis (sist/-is). See Cyst. Cystitic (sist-it'-ié) [küoric, a bladder]. cystitis. Cystitis (sist-i/-tis) [xborg, bladder; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the bladder. C., Exfoliative, that form of cystitis in which the inflammatory process has produced a sloughing of the mucous mem- brane, or a separation of the whole or a portion of the membrane, which lies loose in the bladder. Cystitome (sist/-iſ-àm). See Cystotome. Cystoblast (sist/-o-blast). See Cytoblast. Cystobubonocele (sist-o-bu-bon/-o-sel) [küoric, bladder; Bov6ów, groin ; khºm, hernia]. Hernia of the blad- der through the inguinal ring. Relating to Cystocarcinoma (sist-o-kar-sin-o’-mah ) [küotic, blad- der; Kapkivoua, a cancer]. degeneration. Cystocarp (sist/-o-karp) [küotic, a bladder; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, a name sometimes applied to the sporocarp of certain algae. Cystocele (sis?'-0-sel) [küotic, pouch; Khºm, a tumor]. A hernia of the bladder into the vagina, pushing the vaginal wall through the vulvar orifice. In the great majority of cases it is a sequela of childbirth, following laceration of the pelvic floor. It may, however, result from heavy lifting, etc. There is a feeling of weight, with frequent and difficult micturi- tion, and a protrusion between the labia. It is gener- ally associated with a rectocele, and if left uncorrected favors the descent of the uterus. Cystochondroma (sist-o-kon-dro'-mah) [küoric, blad- der; Xóvópog, cartilage; Śpia, a tumor: pl. , Cysto- chondromataj. A neoplasm presenting the characters of both chondroma and cystoma. Cystocolpitis (sist-o-ºol-pi/-tis) [küoric, bladder; kóA- Tog, vagina]. Inflammation of both bladder and Vagina. Cystocope (sist/-0-40p) [küotic, bladder; kótrog, a blow]. A urethral sound, having at the proximal ex- tremity a plate to amplify the sound produced by striking against a vesical calculus. Cystocyte (sist/-o-sit) [küorig, a bladder; kūtoç, a cell]. In biology, one of the bladder-like cells of the cys- tenchyma, as in Sponges. Cystodynia (sist-o-din'-e-ah) [köotic, bladder; 660Vn, pain]. Same as Cystalgia. Cystofibroma (sist-o-ft-bro/-mah) [küoric, a bladder; fibra, a fiber; jua, a tumor; fl., Cystofibromata]. A neoplasm presenting the character of both a fibroma and a cystoma. Cystohemorrhagia (sist-o-hem-or-a/-je-ah) [küoric, the bladder; alua, blood; bºyvival, to burst]. Vesical hemorrhage. Cystolith (sist/-o-lith) [küoric, bladder; Affog, a stone]. Vesical calculus. In biology, a stalked body mainly composed of calcium carbonate, found in the cells of certain leaves, as in those of the nettle. Cystolithiasis (sist-o-lith-i/-as-is) [ktoric, a bladder; Aíflog, a stone]. Stone in the bladder; also that con- dition of the system that is associated with the pres- ence of vesical calculus. Cystolithic (sist-o-lith/-ić) [ktoric, bladder; Affoc, a stone]. Pertaining to a vesical calculus. Cystolutein (sist-o-lu'-te-in) [köotic, a cyst; luteus, yellow]. A yellow coloring-matter found in cysts. Cystoma (sist-o'-mah) [kbaric, a cyst; bud, a tumor: p/., Cystomata]. A neoplasm, especially an ovarian tumor, containing or made up of cysts. Carcinoma with cystic 350 CYTIN Cystomerocele §º ) [küorig, bladder; umpóc, thigh; káàm, hernia]. A hernia of the bladder through the femoral ring. - Cystomorphous (sist-o-mor’-fus) [küortç, cyst; poppi, form]. Having the form of a cyst. Cystomyxoma (sist-o-miks-o'-mah) [ſciotic, a cyst; pubča, mucus; bug, a tumor: pl., Cystomyxomata]. A neoplasm presenting the characters of both myxoma and cystoma. Cystoncus (sist-ong’-kus) [ktoric, bladder; 6ykoç, a swelling]. Any swelling of the bladder. Cystonephrosis (sist-o-me-fro/-sis) [kbottº, sac; veðpóg, kidney]. A cystic or cystomorphous dilatation of the kidney. Cystoparalysis (sist-o-par-al/-is-is) [küotic, bladder; trapáàvolç, palsy]. Paralysis of the bladder. Cystopexy (sist/-o-peks-e) [küotic, bladder; Tiffic, fixa- tion]. Fixation of the bladder. An operation for the cure of cystocele, based upon the principle of the Alexander-Adams operation. . Cystophotography (sist-o-fo-fog/-ra-ſe) [ktoric, the blad- der; påg, light; ypáſpelv, to write]. Photographing the interior of the bladder for diagnostic purposes. Cystoplastic (sist-o-plas/-tié) [küotic, the bladder; Tââooetv, to form]. Relating to cystoplasty. Cystoplasty (sist/-o-plas-te) [ki orig, bladder; Tāāooetv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the bladder, espe- cially for vesico-vaginal fistula. Cystoplegia (sist-o-ple/-je-ah) [köotic, bladder; tāmy#, a blow]. Paralysis of the bladder. Cystoptosis (sist-of-to/-sis) [küotic, bladder; Tràgic, a fall]. The projection of some portion of the bladder into the urethra. Cystopylometer (sist-o-pî-lom/-et-er) [küoric, bladder; tröAm, gate; plárpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring any obstruction (as an enlarged prostate) at the entrance to the bladder; it is called also pylometer. • Cystorrhagia (sist-or-a/-je-ah). See Cystohemorrhagia. Cystorrhea (sist-or-e'-ah). Same as Cystirrhea. Cystorrhexis (sist-or-eks/-īs) [ktoric, bladder; bijść, rupture]. Rupture of the bladder. Cystoscope (sist/-0-sköp) [küotic, bladder; groteiv, to examine]. An instrument for examining the interior of the bladder. Cystoscopy *::::::: [küotic, bladder; okotreiv, to examinel. Examination of the interior of the bladder by means of the cystoscope. Cystospasmus (sist-o-spaz/-mus) [ctoric, otraop.6c, spasm]. Spasm of the bladder. Cystospastic (sis?-o-spas'-tić) [küotic, bladder; otraort- kóg, pulling]. Relating to spasm of the bladder. Cystostomy (sist-osſ-to-me) [küotic, bladder; oróua, a mouth or opening]. The formation of a fistulous opening in the bladder-wall. Cystotome (sist/-o-tom) [küotic, bladder; Tāuvetv, to cut]. A knife used in cystotomy; also a knife used in rupturing the capsule of the lens in cataract- operations. Cystotomia (sist-o-to'-me-ah) [L.J. Same as Cystotomy. C. hypogastrica. Suprapubic cystotomy. Cystotomy É.” [ küorig, bladder; topiń, a cutting]. Incision of the bladder. Cyte (sit) [kūtoç, a hollow]. Any cell; especially a nuclear cell (used mostly in composition). Cythemolysis (si-them-ol/-is-is) [körog, cell; alua, blood; Wüoug, dissolution]. Dissolution of the cor- puscles of the blood. - Cytin (si'-tim) [körog, a cell]. An insoluble cellular substance that remains in various residues of animal tissue from which cytoglobin has been removed. By decomposition it is changed into an albuminoid. bladder; CYTISIN Cytisin (sit/-is-in) [köttoog, a kind of clover], Cao Hor- A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Cytisus Jaburnum and other species. It occurs in yellowish- white, deliquescent crystals. It is chiefly used in the form of the nitrate, a beautiful crystalline salt, pale- yellow in color and acid in reaction. It is used sub- cutaneously in paralytic migraine, and as a diuretic in dropsy and cardiac disease. Dose, grain ºn to ſº, hypodermatically. Cytoblast (siſ-to-blast) [körog, a cell; 6%aoróg, a germ]. In biology, applied to the nucleus of a cell; also one of the ameboid cytodes going to make up the cytoblastema of sponges. Cytoblastema (si-to-blas-te/-ma/ ) [körog, a cell; |3%áormua, a sprout]. In biology, applied to forma- tive material or protoplasm, as giving rise to cells or cytodes; also to the matrix in which the individuals of a protozoan colony are imbedded; the gelatinous ma- trix of a sponge. Cytochylema (si-to-ki-le/-mah) [kūtog, a cell; xv26g, juice]. Strasburger's term for the inter-reticular por- tion of protoplasm; cell-juice. Cytochyma, or Cytochyme (si-to-kim/-ah, or si/-to- Aim) [kitoc, a cell; xvuóg, juice]. The water-sap in the vacuoles of the cytochylema of protoplasm. Cytococcus (si-to-kok/-us) [küTog, cell; Kókkoç, ker- nel: pl., Cytococci J. The nucleus of a cytula. Cytode (si’-tod) [körog, a cell; eidog, form]. In biol- ogy, a term applied by Haeckel to a non-nucleated cell. The simplest, most primitive form of cell, without nucleus or nucleolus; Haeckel therefore calls the Monera cytodes. * Cytoderm (si'-to-derm) [körog, a cell; 6épua, skin]. In biology, a cell-wall. Cytodieresis (si-to-di-er’-es-is) [köroc, cell; 6taipeatſ, division]. The process of cell-division. Cytogenesis (si-to-jen’-es-is) [körog, a cell; Yévéotc, production]. The formation or genesis of the cell, or of cells. - Cytogenetic (si-to-jen-et/-ié) [körog, a cell; yévectſ, production]. Relating to cell-formation. Cytogenic (si-to-jen/-i}). See Cylogenous. Cytogenous (si-toj’-en-us) [kūtoc, a cell; yévnº, pro- ducing]. In biology, producing cells. Cytogeny (si-toj/-en-e). See Cytogenesis. Cytoglobin (si-to-glo-bin) [Kirog, a cell; globus, a ball]. An albuminoid, obtainable in the form of a white, soluble powder. It forms three per cent, of the pulp of the lymphatic glands. It is partially convertible into preglobin. Cytography (si-tog/-ra-ſe) [xitoſ, a cell; Ypágetv, to write]. A description of cells. Cytohyaloplasm (si-to-hi/-al-o-plazm) [köTog, a cell; ūahog, transparent; Tāāopia, formed matter]. Stras- burger's name for the reticulum of protoplasm. Cytoid (siſ-toid) [körog, cell; eiðoc, likeness]. Resem- bling a cell. Cytokinetic ‘....: [körog, a cell; Kuveiv, to move]. In biology, applied to the phenomena of mo- tion of plasma or cells; the opposite of Cytostatic (Ryder). Cytolergy (si-to/-er-je) [kitoc, a cell; $pyov, work]. Cell-activity. Cytologist (si-to/-o-fist) [körog, a cell; 26)'oc, science]. One who is versed in cytology. Cytology (si-to/-o-je) [küToç, a cell; A6).og, science]. The science of cell-formation and cell-life. 351 CZUMPELITZ’S TEST Cytolysis (si-to/-is-is) [küric, cell; Wijotº, loosening; solution]. Cell-catabolism; cell-destruction. Cytometer(si-tom/-et-er) [kiriç, cell; uérpov, a measure]. A device for measuring cells. Cyto-mitoma (si'-to-mi-toº-mah) [körog, cell; patrog, a fiber]. The fibrillar part of a cell-body. See Mitoma. Cytonergy (si-ton/-er-je). Same as Cytolergy. Cytopathy (si-top/-ath-e) [kūtog, a cell; tráffog, disease]. Disease of the living cell. Cytophagous (si-toff’-ag-us) [kitoſ, a cell; pāyew, to devour]. Phagocytic; of the nature of a phagocyte; cell-devouring. Cytophosphatid (si-to-fosfat'-id) [kitoſ, cell; poopó- pog, Lucifer]. A form of nuclein, containing sulphur and phosphorus and said to be obtainable from brain- tissue; gangliocytin. Cytoplasm, or Cytoplasma (sā’-to-flazm, or si-to-plac/- mah) [kirog, cell; Tāāopia, anything formed]. In biology, Dujardin's name for protoplasm, g. v. Cytoproct (siſ-to-prokt) [kitoſ, a cell; Tpokrác, the anus]. In biology, an orifice with anal functions in the Infusoria. Cf. Cytopyge. Cytopyge (si-to-pi/-je) [kütog, a cell; Trvyń, the rump). In biology, the anal aperture of a unicellular animal. Cf. Cytoproct. Cytostasis (si-tosſ-tas-is) [kitoc, cell; atáag, stasis]. Stoppage or plugging of the capillaries by the blood- cells. Cytostatic (si-to-stat/-ä) [kitoſ, a cell; oratóg, fixed]. In biology, applied to the static or resting con- ditions of plasma or cells; the opposite of Cytokinetic (Ryder). Cytostome (si'-to-stöm) [köTog, a cell; otóua, mouth]. In biology, the oral aperture of a unicellular organ- ISIIl, Cytotaxis (si-to-fańs/-īs) [kitoc, a cell; tāšac, order]. The selective, ordering, and arranging function of a living cell. Cytotrophy (si-tot/-ro-ſe) [kitoſ, cell; Tpóðm, nourish- ment]. The growth of the cell and sustentation of cell-life. Cytozoön (si-to-20/-on) [kürog, cell; (Öov, animal]. A protoplasmic cell-mass, probably parasitic in nature, with independent movement; found by Gaule in de- fibrinated blood and other structures. Cyttarhagia (sit-ar-a/-je-ah) [kittapoc, cell; Smyvínal, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the socket of a tooth. Cytula (sit/-u-la/ ) [kitoc, a cell]. In biology, an im- pregnated ovum. Cytuloplasm (sit’-u-lo-plagm) [kitoſ, a cell; TAécoètv, to form, mold]. In biology, the mingled ovoplasm and spermoplasm in a cytula. Czermak’s Spaces. Same as Antezgdobular Spaces, cºny's Operations. See Operations, Table of Czerny-Lembert Suture. See Suture. Czerny-Schroeder Operation. See Operations, Table 07. Czoker's Alum Cochineal. A solution for staining microscopic sections. Boil 7 grams of pulverized cochineal and 7 grams of alum in 700 c.c. of distilled water, until the quantity of fluid is reduced to 400 c.c.; cool, add a few drops of carbolic acid, and filter. After standing for a few days filter again, after which the fluid will be ready for use. See Stains, Table of. Czumpelitz's Test. See Tests, Table of D. (Dosis). A dose. In Electro-therapeutics an ab- breviation of Duration and of Density. In ophthal- mology the letter is used as an abbreviation of Dexter and Dioptry. It is also used for detzer, let it be given. Da Costa's Disease. See Diseases, Table of Dacryadenalgia (dać-re-ad-en-a/-je-ah) [Öákpv, tear; ădăv, gland; āAyoc, pain]. Pain in a lachrymal gland. Dacryadenitis (dań-re-ad-en-i/-tis). ademitis. Dacryagogue (daš/-re-ag-og) [64kpw, tear; &yoyáç, conducting]. I. Inducing a flow of tears. 2. An agent that induces a flow of tears. Dacrycystalgia (dak-re-sis-ta/-je-ah). cystalgia. Dacryelcosis (dak-re-el-Áo/-sis) [Óðkpv, tear; #2kootſ, ulceration]. Ulceration of the lachrymal apparatus. Dacrygelosis (dak-re-jel-o'-sis) [6&ºpv, tear; yé%g laughter]. Alternate weeping and laughter. Dacryhemorrhysis (dać-reh-em-or/-is-is) [Öákpv, tear; alua, blood; biotç, a flow]. The weeping of bloody tears; a flow of blood from a lachrymal duct. Dacryin (da/#/-re-in) [Öákpv, a tear]. A peculiar sub- stance contained in tears. * Dacryma (da/#/-re-mah) [Öákpvua, a tear: pl., Dacry- mata]. A tear; the lachrymal secretion. Dacryoadenitis (dać-re-o-ad-en-i/-tis) [Óðkpvov, a tear; ādāv, a gland]. Inflammation of a lachrymal gland. Dacryoblenorrhea (dak-re-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [Óðkpvov, a tear; 3Wévvoſ, mucus; bota, a flow]. Chronic in- flammation and discharge of mucus from the lachry- mal sac. - Dacryocele (dak/-re-o-sel, or -seſ-le) [64kpwov, tear; Icížm, hernia]. See Dacryocystocele. Dacryocyst (dak/-re-o-sist) [64kpwov, tear; cyst]. The lachrymal cyst. Dacryocystalgia (dać-re-o-sis-ta/-je-ah) [Óðipvov,tear; kio Tug, cyst; &Wyog, pain]. Pain in a lachrymal sac. Dacryocystitis (daš-re-o-sis-fi/-äs) [Óðkpvov, tear; Küo- Tug, a sac). Inflammation of a lachrymal sac. Dacryocystocele (dak-re-o-sist/-o-sé!) [Óðkpvov, a tear; kio Taç, a sac; Kä77, hernia]. Hernia of a lachrymal SalC. Dacryocystoptosis (dać-re-o-sis-top-to/-sis) [Óðipvov, a tear; Küotic, a cyst; Trôog, a fall]. Prolapse or downward displacement of a lachrymal sac. Dacryohemorrhea (dak-re-o-hem-or-e'-ah). 7-yhemorrhysis. Dacryoid (dak/-re-oid) [64kpvov, tear; eiðoc, form]. Resembling a tear. Dacryolite (da/#/ ...}} See Dacryolith. Dacryolith % -re-o-lith) [Óðiºpwov, tear; Wiflog, stone]. A lachrymal calculus; a calcareous concretion in a lachrymal passage or in the palpebral conjunctiva. Dacryolithiasis (dak-re-o-lith-i/-as-is) [óáſqvov, a tear; Withog, a stone]. The morbid condition that is at- tended by the formation of dacryoliths; also, the presence of dacryoliths. Dacryoma (dać-re-o'-mah) [Öakpielv, to weep). I. A lachrymal tumor. 2. The closure or obstruction of the puncta Zachrymalia, causing epiphora. Dacryon (daš/-re-on) [óði'pwov, a tear]. 2. See Craniometric Points. Dacryops (da/-re-ops) [64kpvov, tear; 6th, eyel. I. A watery eye. 2. Cyst of the duct of a lachrymal gland. Dacryoptosis (dak-re-op/-to-sis) [óðkpvov, tear; Trôotç, See Dacryo- See Dacryo- küortſ, See ZOac- I. A tear. 352 D DACTYLOSYMPHYSIS a fall]. I. The falling or shedding of tears. Dacryocystoptosis. Dacryopyorrhea (dak-re-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [Óðkpvov, a tear; triov, pus; bota, a flow]. A discharge of pus from the lachrymal apparatus. Dacryopyosis (dak-re-o-pî-o/-sis) [Óðkpvov, tear; triov, pus]. Suppuration in the lachrymal apparatus. Dacryorrhea (dać-re-or-e'-ah) [Óðrpvov, tear; bota, a flow]. Excessive discharge of tears. Dacryosolen (dak-re-o-so'-len) [Óðkpvov, tear; oohffv, pipe). A lachrymal duct or canal. Dacryosolenitis (dać-re-o-so-ſen-i/-tis) [Óðipvov, a tear; oožňv, a pipe; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lachrymal duct. Dacryostenosis (dać-re-o-ste-no’-sis) [64kpwov, tear; oTevóg, narrow]. Stenosis or stricture of a lachrymal duct. Dacryosyrinx (dak-re-o-sir/-inks) [64kpwov, oùpty;, pipel. I. A lachrymal fistula. for use in the lachrymal ducts. Dactyl (da/-til) [Óðkrvāoç, a finger]. A finger or toe; a digit. 3. Dºra (dak-fil-a/-grah) [óákrvãog, a digit; &ypa, seizure]. An attack of gout or rheumatism in the fingers. Dactylate (dań/-tiº-āt) [Óðkrvžoc, a finger]. Resem- bling a finger. Possessing five rays or appendages. Dactylion (dak-tiſ/-e-on). See Syndactylism. 2. tear ; 2. A Syringe Dactylitis (dak-fil-i/-tis) [Óðkrvãog, a finger; trug, in- flammation]. Inflammation of a finger or toe. Dactylognathite (dak-til-og-math/-īt) ...[6álcrvāoc, a finger; yuá00c, jaw]. In biology, Milne Edwards’ term for the terminal (distal) joint of one of the foot- jaws of a crustacean. See Dactylos. - - Dactylogryposis (dać-til-o-grip-o/-sis) [66krvãog, finger; youtóg, curved]. Abnormal curvature of the fingers Or toes. Dactyloid (da/-til-oid) [64k.tvāoç, finger; elóoc, form]. In biology, resembling a finger. Dactylology (dak-fil-o/-o-je) [Óðkrvžog, finger; Wóyoc, speech]. Conversation or talking by the fingers. Dactylolysis (dak-tiſ-o/-is-is) [6&Krvāoç, digit; Wüog, loosening]. The falling off of a finger or toe. D. spontanea. See Ainhum. Dactylopatagium (dak-til-o-pat-ag/-e-um) [ódkTwhog, finger; Tratayetov, a border to a woman’s gown]. In biology, that part of the patagium of a bat which is connected with the digits. Cf. Actopatagium. Dactylopodite (dak-til-op/-o-dit) [64k.tvāog, a finger; toūg, a foot]. See Dactylos. Dactylopore (dać-fi/-o-por) [64krvãoc, finger; Tôpoſ, pore]. In biology, applied to the opening of the finger-like, or tentacular dactylozoid of certain hydro- ZO2.IlS. Dactylopterus (dak-fil-op/-ter-us) [6&crvãoc, finger; Trepév, wing]. In biology, applied to fishes in which certain of the pectoral fin-rays are separate and finger- like. Dactylorhiza (dań-fil-or-i/-zah) [Óðictvāoc, , finger; bíſa, root]. A disease of the roots of certain vege- tables, as turnips. Dactylos (dań/-fil-os) [ 64krvãoç, a finger]. In biol- ogy, the seventh joint of any crustacean appendage, as the dactylognathite and dactylopodite of Milne Edwards. Dactylospasmus (dać-til-o-spaz/-mus) [64k.tv/oc, a digit; otraogóg, a spasm]. Spasm of a digit. Dactylosymphysis (dak-fil-o-sim/ºfts-is) [64k.tv2.0c, finger; oiv, together; pºetv, to grow]. Syndactylism. DADI GOGO Dadi Gogo (da/-de go/-go) [African]. See Gogo. Daemonomania (de-mo-no-ma/-ne-ah). See Demono- ſmania. Daffy's Elixir. A compound aromatic tincture of Senna. Unof. Dahlia (dah/-yah). See Pigments, Conspectus of Dajaksch (di/-aksh) [Java]. The arrow-poison used in Borneo. It is believed to be distinct from the Java arrow-poison. Dakryon (dak/-re-on). See Craniometric Points. Dakryops (dań/-re-ops). Same as Dacryops. Dalby's Carminative. An old empiric carminative and mildly opiate mixture, answering nearly to the mistura carminativa of the National Formulary. It contains about two and a half minims of tincture of opium to the fluidounce. Dalgarno Alphabet. Glove-alphabet; a method of manual communication among deaf-mutes, in which the letters are indicated by touching various parts of the hand. Dallas's Operation. See Operations, Table of Dalmatian Insect Powder. See Auhach. Dalton's Theory. The atomic theory of compounds. Dalton-Henry Law. See Zaw. Daltonism (da/-ton-izm) [Dalton, a physician]. Color-blindness. See Blindness. Dam. See Kubber Dam and Coffer Dam. Damalic Acid (dam-a/-ić). See Acid. . Damaluric Acid (dam-a/-u/-rić). See Acid. Damiana (dam-e-an/-ah). The leaves of Turnera aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and Lower California; a stimulant tonic and said to be a powerful aphrodi- siac. It is the basis of a great number of quack reme- dies. D., Ext. Dose gr. ii-x. D., Fld. Ext. Dose mux–3.j. Dose of the leaves 3.j daily. All unof. Dammar (dam/-ar) [Hind., dàmar, resin). A gum or resin resembling copal, produced by various species of Dammara and by various other trees. D., True, is obtained from the Dammara orientalis, a coniferous. tree, indigenous in the East Indies, and also from Alammara australis, in New Zealand. The latter variety is also known as Kazeri, or cowdie resin. The former is the variety commonly called dammar in commerce. It occurs in masses, coated on the exte- rior with white powder from mutual attrition, while the interior is pale-amber colored and transparent. It is harder than rosin, and splits and cracks at the tem- perature of the hand. It is used in the manufacture of varnishes. See Cowdie Gum. Damp. See Choke-damp; Black-damp; Fire-damp. Damping Apparatus. The union of the tympanic membrane of the ear with the auditory ossicles acting as a damper to prevent excessive sympathetic vibra- tion for its own fundamental note. Dance (dans) [Fr., danser, to dance]. Any measured tread or system of steps accompanied by music. Also, any motion of the body caused by an abnormal nervous stimulus. D., St. Vitus’s. See Chorea. D. Plague. Synonym of Chorea. Dancel's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Dancer's Cramp. See Cramp. D. Palsy. See Palsy. Dancing Mania. See Choromania. Dandelion (dan/-de-li-on). See Taraxacum. Dandruff (dan/-druſ). See Seborrhea, Pityriasis, and Alopecia ſurfuracea. Dandy (dan/-de) [Hind., dandi, a boatman]. I. In India, a kind of stretcher or hammock of canvas with a bamboo frame. It is serviceable in the transportation of the sick and wounded. 2. See Colic, Ændemic. D. Fever. See Dengue. Danforth’s Oil. See AVaphtha. 353 DARWINISM Daniell (dam/-yel) [Daniell, an electrician]. A unit of electric measurements equal to I. I.24 volts. D. Cell. See Ce/Z. Daniella (dan-e-e/-ah) [Dr. Daniell, a traveler]. A genus of leguminous trees of W. Africa. D. thuri- fera, the only species of this genus affording olibanum, or true frankincense. Dantec, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Zable of Danube Fever (dan/-ab fe/-ver). A febrile affection of remittent or relapsing type observed in sailors and others that have sailed on and have drunk the water of the Danube River, characterized by symptoms of gastro-intestinal derangement, albuminuria, hematuria, edema, uremic symptoms, profuse perspiration, en- larged spleen, and nervous symptoms. Its precise nature is unknown ; possibly it is the same as Malta fever, Rock ſever, Cretan ſever, Mediterranean ſever. Daphne (daſ’-me) [óóðvil, the laurel]. A genus of thy- melaceous shrubs, mostly poisonous or acrid. See AMezereon. - Daphnetin (daſ”-net-in) [óðvm, the laurel], CoHO,-- H2O. A substance obtained by the decomposition of the glucosid daphnin. It crystallizes in yellow needles or prisms, melting at 255° C. Daphnin (daf’-min) [óóðvm, the laurel], CisłłigO2+ 2H,O. I. A glucosid isomeric with esculin; it is ob- tained from the bark of Daphne aſpina, and forms prismatic transparent crystals having a bitter taste and melting at 200° C. 2. See also Pigments, Con- spectus of Darier's Disease. Psorospermose folliculaire végétante; Aeratosis follicularis ; Ichthyosis sebacea cornea ; a disease of the skin commencing on the face or trunk, but ultimately spreading to other parts of the body, and characterized by the development of papules of small size and dirty-red color, with firmly-adherent grayish-brown, black, or gray horny crusts. These crusts can be squeezed out of the papules by the thumb-nails. In some places the lesions may become confluent. The disease progresses slowly, and the papules may assume considerable size. Ulceration of their surfaces may occur, or the tumors may suppurate en masse. The disease occurs usually in males. Its etiology is obscure. See ZXiseases, Zable of Darnel (dar/-me/). See Zolium. D’Arsonval’s Oven. See Owen. Dartoic, or Dartoid (dar-to/-ić, or dar/-ſoid) [6apTóg, flayed]. Pertaining to or resembling the dartos. D. Myoma. See A/yoma. Darton’s Test. See Tests, Zable of . Dartos (dar/-tos) [Öaptóg, flayed]. The contractile fibrous layer beneath the skin of the scrotum. Dartre (dar/-tr) [Fr.]. Any herpetic or other chronic skin-disease; a term vaguely used in French and the older English medical literature. Dartrous (dar/-trus) [Fr., dartre]. tetter or herpes; herpetic. Dartsac (darz’-sak). A muscular sac containing a cal- careous or chitinous dart or rod, opening into the clo- aca of certain gasteropods. (Helix.) - Darwin's Ducts. See Ducts. D. Ear. See Ear, Peformities of, Darwinian Tubercle, and Ziseases, Table of D. Theory of Heredity. See Heredity. Darwinian Tubercle. A nodule or eminence Some- times seen on the edge of the helix of the ear; it is believed to be a relic corresponding to the point of an ape's ear. Darwinism (dar/-win-izm), [Named after Charles Darwin, a celebrated naturalist]. The theory of de- scent by evolution, as modified by the doctrine of the survival of the fittest. See A’eo-ZXarwinism and A volution. Of the nature of 23 DASTRE-MORAT’S METHOD Dastre-Morat’s Method. See Anesthetic. Dasyma (das’-im-ah). Same as Hirsuties. Date-disease. See Aleppo Boil. D.-fever. onym of Dengue. Datisca (da-tisſ-AEa/) [L.]. A genus of herbs, some- what allied to the cacti. D. cannabina, of Asia and the Levant, is antiperiodic and antiscrofulous. D. glomerata is a Californian species. Datiscin (da-fis/-īn) [Patiscal, C, H,019. A starch- like glucosid from Datisca cannabina ; it is a good yellow dye. Datura (da-fu'-rah) [Hind., dhatīra, a certain plant]. A genus of Solanaceae, or night-shade family. D. stramonium. See Stramonium. D. tatula, a plant belonging to the nightshade family, closely resembling stramonium in its therapeutic and physiologic properties. It has been smoked with advantage in asthma. Unof. Daturin (da-tuſ-rin) [Hind., dha(iira, a certain plant]. A poisonous alkaloid from the thorn-apple. See Atropin. Daturism (dat/-u-rigm) [Hind., dhatüra, a certain plant]. A morbid condition of mind and body in- duced by excessive dosing with stramonium (Datura); stramonium-poisoning. It is nearly or quite identical with atropism. Syn- Daubenton's Angle. See Angle. D. Line. See Azaze. D. Plane. See Plaze. Daughter (daw'-ter) [AS., dohtor, daughter]. A female child or descendant. D.-cell. See Ce/Z. D.- cyst, a cyst formed within a cyst, D.-nuclei. See AaryoAinesis. D.-star, an amphiaster. See Aaryo- Áinesis. Dauvergne’s Apparatus. An apparatus used for treat- ing old dislocations of the shoulder. Davat's Operation. See Operations, Zable of Davidsohn, Pupillary Reflex of. The light reflected through the pupil in translumination, when the electric light is held in the mouth. Daviel's Operation. See Operations, Table of Davier (dah/-ve-d) [Fr.]. A tooth-forceps; a lion-for- CéIDS. Dºes and Dale's Carmin Mass. A warm-flowing mass for injecting tissues. Digest in a flask for thirty- six hours, at the ordinary temperature, II.6 grams of carmin in a mixture of 15 c.c. of ammonia (o. 92 strength) and II8 c.c. of water. Filter, and dilute with water to 472 c.c. Dissolve 38.88 grams of po- tassium alum in 295 c.c. of water, and add, with con- stant boiling, a solution of Sodium carbonate until a slight precipitate is produced. Boil and add to the carmin fluid, shaking vigorously. A drop of the fluid, when placed on a white filter-paper, should show no color-ring. Allow it to cool and settle for a day or two, and draw off the supernatant fluid with a siphon. Wash, by decantation, until the wash-water ceases to give a precipitate with barium chlorid. So much water must be kept with the color that it shall measure II80 c.c. For use soak IOO grams of gelatin in 750 c.c. of this fluid and melt over a water-bath. Davies-Colley Operations. See Operations, Table of. Davis's (Leon) Sign. See Death. Davy's Method. See 77-eatment, Methods of D. Operation. See Operations, Table of D. Tests. See 7&sts, Zable of Day's Test. See Tests, Table of. Day-Blindness. See Myctalopia ; also Hemeralopia. Daymare (da/-mâr). A state of temporary distress and terror, resembling nightmare, but coming on when the patient is awake. It is thought to be due to a diseased state of the blood-vessels of the brain. Dead (ded) [AS., dead, dead]. Without life; desti- 354 DEATH tute of life. D.-born. Still-born. D. Finger. Sec Sphaceloderma and Might-palsy. D.-house, a morgue; an apartment in a public institution for keeping dead bodies. D. Nettle. See Lamium. D. Voice, a voice without nasal resonance. The so-called nasal VO1Ce. Deadly (ded/-/e) [AS., dead, dead]. Capable of caus-, ing death; fatal; mortal. D. Nightshade. See Atropa and Belladonna. Deaf (deſ, or def) [AS., ded/, deaf J. Without the sense of hearing. A condition of impaired hear- ing. D.-dumbness. See Deaf-mutism. D.— fields, two small triangular planes, converging toward the external auditory meatus, and in which the vibrat- ing tuning-fork is not heard. D.-mute, one who suffers from deaf-mutism. D.-mutism, a condition of deafness or impaired hearing, accompanied by im- perfect development (congenital), or loss of speech. D.-points, some points near the ear in which a vibra- ting tuning-fork cannot be heard. Deafness (deſ”-nes) [AS., deaf, deafl. The condition of being deaf; surdity. D., Boilermakers’, chronic labyrinthine deafness resulting from constant exposure to loud sounds. Bone-conduction is impaired, and there are destructive and atrophic changes throughout the cochleae, most marked at the base. D., Mind. See D., Psychic. D., Music, a variety of psychic deafness in which, although musical sounds are heard, they are not recognized as such. D., Paradoxic, called also Paracousia Willissii, deafness for speech in silence, but with ability, e. g., to hear the same voice in a noisy car or street. This is said to be caused by compression of the labyrinth. It is a form of otopiesis. D., Psychic, the deafness from de- struction of the auditory center (Munk). Sounds are heard, but not recognized or understood. D., Word, a variety of psychic deafness in which, although words be heard, they are not comprehended. - Death (deth) [AS., death, death]. The cessation of life. D., Apparent, a term applied to a cataleptic state in which respiration and circulation are so feeble as to be inappreciable. D., Black, an exceedingly fatal epidemic called the “Plague,” which occurred in Europe during the I4th century, during which it is estimated 20,000,000 people died. D. Camass. See Camass. D., Localized. See Z}., Somatic, D., Molecular, caries; ulceration. D.-rate, a term arbitrarily expressing the mortality of a place, based upon the number of deaths for each IOOO of population during a period of one year. D.-rattle, the pe- culiar sound produced by the passage of air through mucus in the throat of a dying person. D., Signs of, certain indications of death, such as cessation of the heart’s action, and respiration, vigor of the body, healthiness of the tissues, etc. See D., 7ests of. D., Somatic, death of the organism as a whole, in dis- tinction from localized D., or necrosis, and gangrene. D., Tests of: Dr. Richardson summarizes the more important as: I. Absence of the pulsation of the heart. 2. Absence of the respiratory murmur. 3. Pressure on veins (Fillet test). 4. Electric test for muscular or & " irritability. 5. The ammonia hypodermatic test (Monteverde's sign). 6. Coagulation of the blood in the veins. 7. Rigor mortis. 8. Decomposition. Balfour's Test, a test for the action of the heart in apparent death. He proposed sticking into the skin over the heart needles having little paper flags fixed in their blunt ends. Should there be contraction of the heart-muscle, such movement would be commu- nicated to the paper flags. Cloquet's AWeedle Test, a bright needle plunged into the body of the biceps muscle and left there for a time; then ex- DEBII,ITANT amined for signs of oxidation. If found, life is pre- sent. Davis's (Leon) Sign, after death the arteries are pale or yellowish, and empty of blood, whilst during life the vessels pulsate, and have the color of the surrounding tissues. Diaphanous Test, the scarlet-red color of the finger - edges when held toward the light, due, if life exists, to the blood circulating through the tissues. The scarlet tint does not appear if life is extinct. The test is not to be relied on in all cases, as in syncope the red coloration may be absent. Pillet Test. Richard- son’s Test, a fillet applied to the veins of the arm will not cause filling of the veins on the distal side of the fillet if death be present. Foubert's Zest consists in cutting through one of the intercostal spaces and feeling the heart with the point of the finger. Laborde’s Sign. Same as Cloquet's AWeedle Test. Zarcher’s Sign, soon after death the conjunctivae exhibit externally gray, cloudy discolorations, that rapidly become black. They are due either to the formation of films of mucus, or to cadaveric imbibition dependent on putrefactive changes. Mevasseur's Sign, the application of a scarificator and cupping-glass will fail to draw blood if life has been ex- tinct for some hours. Alſagnus's Sign, if a finger be tightly bound round with a ligature, the part beyond the constriction will, if the person be living, become bright red, the tint increasing in depth until it finally assumes a uniformly bluish-red color. At the spot, however, where the ligature is applied, a narrow white ring becomes visible. No change results from the application of the ligature if life be extinct. Mon- feverde's Sign, the injection subcutaneously during life of a little ammonia solution will be followed by a port-wine congestion in surrounding parts, which does not take place in case of death. Æipault Sign, during life the circular shape of the pupil is influenced by external pressure only during its actual application. After life, however, external pressure is capable of permanently affecting the normal roundness of the pupillary aperture. D. Trance, trance that closely resembles death. Debilitant (de-bi/-it-ant) [debilitare, to weaken]. I. Weakening. 2. A medicine that weakens. Debility (de-bi/-it-e). See Asthenia. Débove's Membrane. See Memôrame. See Treatment, Methods of D. Method. Debridement (da-bred'-mon(g)) [Fr., débridement]. The enlarging of a gunshot wound or a hernia with the knife; the slitting of any constricting tissue or band. Debrunner's Tests. See Tests, Table of - Decacerous (de-Åas/-er-us) [6éka, ten ; képaç, horn]. In biology, having ten horn-like processes, tentacles Or all IſlS. Decagram (dek/-a-gram) [6éka, ten; Ypáppia, a certain weight]. Ten grams or I54.32349 grains, O.353 ounce avoirdupois, or O.32 I5 ounce troy. See Metric System. Decagynous (dek-a/-in-us) [Öéka, ten ; Yvvñ, female]. In biology, with ten pistils. Decalcification (de-Åal-sifié-a/-shum) [de priv.; ca/x, lime; facere, to make]. The loss of the lime-consti- tuent of bone in some cases of osteitis. Decalcified Bone-Drain. A drainage-tube made of a decalcified chicken-bone. Decalcify (de-ka/-sifti) [de priv.; calx, lime; facere, to make]. To remove lime-salts from tissues previously to section-cutting for histologie examination. An acid is usually combined with a hardening agent to prevent swelling of the tissues. The best decalcifying fluids are Arsenious Acid, Chromic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Exner’s Solution, Hydrochloric Acid and Glycerin, Nitric Acid, Nitric Acid and Chromic Acid, Picric Acid. See Reagents and Stains, 7able of 355 DECIDUA Decalcifying Fluid (de-ka/-siſ-i-ing ſlu'-id). A solu- tion used for the purpose of depriving tissue of its calcium salts. Chromic acid I gram, water 200 c.c., then add 2 c.c. nitric acid, is commended. Decaliter, Decalitre (dek/-a-le-ter) [6%ka, ten; 2.Érpa, a pound]. Ten liters, or 2% imperial gallons, or 2.64 U. S. gallons. See Metric System. Decalvant (de-ka/-vant) [decalvans, depilatory]. Re- moving hair; depilatory; causing baldness. Decamerous (dek-am’-er-us) [6éica, ten ; piépoc, a part]. In biology, ten-parted, as a flower. Decameter, Decametre (dek/-a-me-ter) [6&Ka, ten; ſuérpov, a measure]. Ten meters or 393.7 English inches, or 32.8 feet. See Metric System. De Candolle, Canal of. See Cana/. Decandrous (dek-an/-drus) [6éka, ten; avàp, male]. In biology, having ten stamens. Decane (dek/-än) [6éka, ten], Cio Hos. of the paraffin series. Decantation (de-kan-ta/-shum) [de, down; cantus, a side]. The operation of removing the supernatant fluid from a sediment. It may be poured off by means of a guiding-rod, or drawn off by means of a siphon. Decapetalous (dek-aft-et/-a/-us) [6éka, ten; Térazov, a leaf). In biology, having ten petals. Decaphyllous (dek-af’-i/-us) [6éka, ten; 90% ov, a leaſ]. In biology, ten-leaved. Decapitation (de-Åap-it-a/-shun) [de, from ; caput, head]. Division of the neck of the child in labor, when delivery and version are both impossible. This is sometimes called decollation. Decapitator (de-Åaft/-it-a-tor) [de, from ; caput, head]. An instrument used in performing decapitation. Decapod (dek/-a-pod) [6éka, ten; Troic (Tod-), foot]. In biology, having ten feet, rays, or arms. De Cassis' Operation. See Operations, Table of Decay (de-Åa') [de, down; cadere, to fall]. I. Putre- factive change. 2. The ultimate catabolic state; de- cline of life, of health, or of any one or more func- tions. Dece's Operations. See Operations, Zable of Decentered Lens (de-sen'-terd /eng). I. A lens thicker at One side than at the other. 2. A lens so mounted that the visual line does not pass through its center. Decentration (de-sen-tra’-shun) [de, from ; centrum, a center]. Removal from a center. Decephalization (de-seſ-aſ-is-a'-shun) [de, away from ; keóažň, head]. In biology, applied to retrograde changes or simplification in the head parts. Decerebrated (de-ser’-e-bra-fed) [de, from ; cerebrum, the brain]. Deprived of the cerebrum; said of birds and other animals that have been thus vivisected for observational study. De Chaumont's Formula. A formula for determining the volume of pure air necessary to maintain a certain standard of purity in the atmosphere. It is as follows: A hydrocarbon & - e e d = p 3 d = the volume of air to be delivered per hour in cubic feet; e = the quantity of CO, that each person is assumed to evolve per hour; p = the amount of impurity in a cubic foot of air. Decidua (de-sid’’-tº-ah) [deciduus, a falling off]. The membranous envelop of the ovum derived from the mother and cast off at birth with the placenta, etc. D., Ovular. See D. reflexa. D., Placental. See A. serotina. D. reflexa, that part of the decidua growing about the ovum and enclosing it as a sac. D. serotina, that part of the decidua vera upon which the ovum lies, and from which the placenta is subse- quently formed. D., Uterine. See D. zero. D. vera, the thickened, vascular, spongy mucous mem- brane of the gravid uterus. - DECIDUAL Decidual (de-sid’-u-al) [deciduus, a falling off]. Belonging to the decidua. D. Cells, a proliferation of young connective-tissue cells above the uterine glands, taking place after the ovum is impregnated, and producing an hypertrophy of the mucous mem- brane of the uterus. D. Endometritis. See Andometritis. Deciduoma (de-sid-u-o’-mah) [deciduus, a falling off; Öpia, a tumor; pl. Deciduomatal. An intra-uterine neoplasm, containing decidual relics, and believed to arise from some hyperplasia of a retained portion of the decidua. Deciduous (de-sid/-u-us) [de, away, from ; cadere, to fall]. In biology, falling off. Applied to leaves that fall in autumn, and to the calyx and corolla when they fall off before the fruit develops. In dental anatomy, ap- plied to the milk-teeth or temporary teeth. D. Skin. See Aeratolysis. D. Teeth, the temporary teeth or milk-teeth are so called because, after subserving the purposes of early childhood, they are removed by an operation of the economy, to give place to others of a larger size and of a more solid texture. See Teeth, Temporary. Decigram (des/-e-gram) [decimus, tenth; gramma, gram]. One-tenth of a gram or I. 54 grains troy. See Metric System. - Deciliter (des/-e-le-ter) [decimus, tenth; litra, liter]. One-tenth of a liter, or 3.52 English fluidounces or 3.38 U. S. fluidounces. See Metric System. Decimeter (des/-e-me-ter) [decimus, tenth; uérpov, a measure]. One-tenth of a meter, or 3.937 inches. See Metric System. Decinormal (des-e-nor/-mal) [decimus, tenth; norma, normal]. Having one-tenth the strength of the normal, as a solution. Deck Plug (*. plug). A short wooden cylinder that may be of various sizes, used by ship-builders, and employed in pathologic laboratories for making paper boxes in which the specimens may be embed- ded. A strip of thin paper is wound around the plug and held in place by a rubber band, sufficient paper projecting above to form a cylindric box with a wooden bottom. Declinate (dek/-lin-āt) [de, down; clinare, to bend]. In biology, bent downward. Declination (dek-lin-a/-shum) [declinare, to decline]. . The dip of the magnetic needle. Declinator (dek/-lin-a-tor) [declinare, to decline]. An instrument for keeping the dura out of harm’s way during the act of trephining. Decline (de-Alin/) [declinare, to bend]. A marked deterioration; weakness of the body; an enfeebling chronic state of disease : the decreasing stage, as of a fever. Also a popular term for Pulmonary tuberculosis. Declivis cerebelli (de-Ali/-vis ser-e-beſ/-ī) [L.]. The sloping posterior aspect of the monticulus of the cere- bellum. - Decoction (de-Åo/-shum) [decoquere, to boil down]. A decoction, or “ tea.” In pharmacy, a liquid prepara- tion obtained by boiling vegetable substances in water. There are two official decocła, besides one in the national formulary, and twelve in the British phar- macopeia. - Decoctum (de-ÅoÁ/-tum) [L. : pl. , Decocta]. A de- COCt1On. Decollated (de-Åo/-a-fed) [de, away, from ; collum, neck]. In biology, applied to univalve shells the apices of which have been lost; beheaded. Decollation (de-Åo/-a/-shun). See Decapitation. Decollator (de-Åo/-a-tor) [decollare, to behead]... An in- strument used in embryotomy for decapitating the fetus. Decoloration (de-Aul-or-a/-shun) [decolorare, to deprive 356 DEELINAE OLEUM of color]. The operation of discharging the color of an organic substance, usually by bleaching or by filtration through animal charcoal. Decolorize (de-Åu/-or-iz) [decolorare, to deprive of color]. To remove the excess of coloring-matter from stained histologic preparations, for purposes of differentiation. - Decomposition (de-kom-po-zish/-um) [decomponere, to decompose]. The separation of the component prin- ciples of a body, either by chemic analysis or by putrefactive fermentation. Decompound (de-Åom/-pound) [de, away, from ; com- fosius, compound]. In biology, many times com- pound, as certain leaves. - Decongestive (de-Åon-jes/-tiv) [de, from ; congerere, to bring together]. Relieving congestion. Decortication (de-Åor-tié-a/-shun) [de, from ; cortex, the bark]. I. The operation of removing or stripping the bark or husk of a plant. 2. The stripping off of portions of the cortical substance of the brain from the summits of the gyri. This lesion is often witnessed in post-mortem examinations of the brain after death from paretic dementia, and is partly due to the ab- normal adhesion of the gray matter to the meninges. Decrepit (de-Årep/-it) [decrepitus, old]. Broken down with age. Decrepitation (de-Årep-it-a/-shum) [decrepitare, to crackle]. The crackling noise made by certain crystalline bodies when their water of crystallization is driven off by heat. It is caused by the conversion of the imprisoned water into steam. Decrepitude (de-Årep/-it-ad) [decrepitus, decrepit]. The state of being decrepit; senility; the feebleness of old age. Decrescent (de-Åres/-ent) [decrescere, to decrease]. In biology, gradually tapering or diminishing from below upward. Decubitus (de-Åu/-bit-us) [decumbere, to lie down]. A term denoting a recumbent or horizontal position, Also, the position of a sick person while in bed. D., Acute, a form of bed-sore, sometimes seen in con- nection with cerebral lesions. Decumbent (de-Åum/-bent) [de, down; cumbere, to lie]. In biology, bent to one side; reclining. Decurrent (de-kur’-ent) [de, down; currere, to run]. In biology, applied to leaves that are prolonged down the side of the stem below the point of their insertion. Decussate (de-Åus/-at) [decussatus, cross]. In biology, arranged in pairs that successively cross each other. To intersect. A term applied to nerve-fibers and to muscle fibers that interlace. Decussatio (de-éus-a/-she-o) [L.]. A crossing. D. pontinalis (more correctly pontilis), in the pons, a decussation of tegmental fibers from the thalamus. Decussation (de-kus-a/-shun) [decussatio, a crossing]. A chiasma or X-shaped crossing, especially of nerves, or of nerve-filaments. The principal decussations are that of the optic nerve, and that of the pyramids. i. e., of the anterior pyramids of the oblongata. Decussorium (de-Åus-o’-re-tem) [L. J. An instrument for depressing the dura after the operation of trephin- ing, so as to facilitate the removal of pus, blood, or abnormal effusions. Dedentition (de-dem-fish/-um) [de, down; dens, a tooth]. The shedding of the teeth, especially the milk-teeth. Dedolation (ded-o-la/-shun) [dedolatio, a hewing off]. The removal of a slice by cutting; a wound by which a part is cut off. + Deduplication [de-du-ſplić-a/-shun) [deduplicare, to divide in two.]. In biology, the same as Chorisis, g. v. Deelinae Oleum. A highly refined petroleum oil manu- DEEMETINIZE factured on the Dee River. It is said to be valuable as a local application in eczema, etc. Unof. Deemetinize (de-em-et/-in-72). To deprive ipecacuanha of its emetic principle, emetin. Deep (dep) [ME., depe]. Not superficial; not situated near the surface. See Profundus. D. Reflexes. See A'eſlexes, Table of D. Water, water obtained from a porous substance beneath the first impervious stratum. Deer-berry (der/-ber-e). A popular name for Gaultheria procumöens. Defatigatio (de-fat-ig-a/-she-o) [L.J. Over-fatigue; overstrain, as of the heart-muscle. D. mentis, brain-fag. Defecation (deftek-a/-shun) [defacare, to separate from the dregs]. The evacuation of the bowels, or dis- charge of feces. Defect (defect/) [defectus, a failure]. A lack or fail- ure; absence of any part or organ; absence or failure of a normal function. Defemination (de fem-in-a/-shun). See Fviration. Defensive Proteids. Hankin’s name for those sub- stances formed in the bodies of animals that render them immune to certain diseases. See also Sozin, Ahylaxin, Mycosozin, Toxosozin, Mycophylaxin, Zoxo- phylaxin, Alexin. - Deferent (def/-er-ent) [deferens, carrying away]. Car- rying away or down; efferent. See Vas. Deferentitis (defter-en-fi/-tis) [deferens, carrying away; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a vas deferens. Defervescence (de-fer-ves/-ems) [deſervescere, to cease boiling]. A term applied to periods during the course of fevers in which the temperature falls. Defibrillation (deft-briſ-a/-shum) [de, from ; fibrilla, a small fiber]. The tearing of the brain-substance in the direction of the least resistance, in order to make cleavage-preparations. Defibrination (deft-brin-a/-shun) [de, from ; ſibra, a fiber]. The removal of fibrin from blood or lymph. Definition (deſ-in-ish/-um) [definitio; definire, to bound by limits]. In optics, the power of an object-glass to show clear outlines of area or structure, free from ab- erration or distortion. Defixus (deft/s/-us) [deſigere, to fasten]. Impotent; sexually powerless; an old term based upon the idea of a spell wrought by an enemy being the cause of the condition indicated. Deflagration (deflag-ra/-shun) [defiagrare, to be con- sumed]. A sudden, violent combustion, such as accompanies the oxidation of certain inorganic sub- stances by mixing with an easily decomposing salt, such as the alkaline chlorates and nitrates. Deflex (defteks') [deflexus, to turn aside]. to bend down. - Deflorate (defto/-rat) [deſtoratus, to deprive of flow- ers]. In biology, said of a plant or anther that has lost its pollen or flowers, or is past the flowering state. Defloration (deſ-lo-ra/-shun) [de, from ; flora, a flower]. On the part of the female the first sexual connection effected by consent, not by rape. The loss of those marks or features that indicate virginity, as rupture of the hymen. Defluvium capillorum (deftu/-ve-um. Åap-il-or/-um). Synonym of Alopecia simplex. Defluxion (deftuk/-shum) [defluxio, de, down; fuere, In biology, to flow]. I. A catarrh ; a descent of the humors or secretions. 2. A rapid falling, as of the hair or eye- brows. Defoedatio unguium (defe-da/-she-o un/-gwe-um) [L., “Fouling of the nails”]. Excessive thickness, with foul appearance of the nails, which often become partly detached from the matrix. Defoliate (de-fo/-le-at) [de priv.; folium, a leaf J. To de- stroy the leaves of a plant, or to cause them to drop off. 357 DEGRADATION Deforestation (de-for-es-ta/-shum) [de, down; foresta, a forest]. The stripping of a country or district of its forests, a process that has a direct influence upon the public health for good or for evil. Deformation (de-for-ma/-shun) [deformere, to disfigure or distort]. A process by which the body or any of its parts acquires an abnormal shape. Deformity (de-form/-it-e) [deformitas, a deformity]. Abnormal shape or structure of a body or any part. D., Anterior. See Zordosis. Defunctionalization (de-funk-shum-al-iz-a/-shum). Fail- ure or deprival of a function. Degasify (de-gaz/-iſ-i) [de priv.; gas]. To expel from wood, coal-tar or other substance all moisture. and gaseous material, by means of the application of heat. - Degener's Test. See Tests, Table of Degeneration (defen-er-a/-shum) [degenerare, to differ from ancestors]. Deterioration, degradation, or retro- gression of the molecular or cellular structure of a tissue, organ, or cell, so that it can no longer maintain its function; passage from an anastate to a catastate, or from one catastate to a lower one. Atrophy is a form of degeneration. D., Amyloid or D., Albu- minoid, now regarded as an infiltration from without, and not as a degeneration of the proper cells and fibers. See Albuminoid Disease. D., Ascending, that which takes place in centripetal fibers after a de- structive lesion of the spinal cord. D., Atheromatous. See Endarteritis, Chronic. D., Black. Synonym of Melanosis and of Anthracosis. D., Calcareous, the deposition of insoluble compounds of calcium and magnesium within the tissues. Caseation. See Casea- tion. Cloudy Swelling. See Cloudy Swelling. D., Colloid, akin to mucoid, the disorganized material becoming of a structureless, semi-solid, jelly-like con- sistence. D., Descending, that which takes place in the centrifugal fibers of the cord after a destructive lesion between the central cortex and the anterior nerve-roots. D., Fatty, the conversion of the proteids of a cell or fiber into oil. D., Fibroid, the substi- tution of fibrous for a higher grade of tissue. D., Glassy, the halo-granular change of the heart-muscle seen in fevers. D., Gray, in nervous tissue a de- generation due to chronic inflammation, and charac- terized by the production of a gray color. D., Hyaline, the disorganized tissue becomes shining and translucent. D., Hydropsic, a form of de- generation in which the degenerating cells imbibe large quantities of water. D., Lardaceous. See Albuminoid Disease. D., Mucoid, hyper-secretion followed by disorganization of the mucus-cells. D., Reaction of. See Reaction of Degeneration. D., Senile, the widely disseminated degenerative changes, largely fibroid in character, that mark old age. D., System, degeneration of a system of fibers, in con- tradistinction to insular or scattered degeneration. D., Waxy. See Albuminoid Disease. D., Zenker's. Same as D., Glassy. Deglutable (deg-/uſ/-a-b/) [deglutitio, a swallowing; M.E., able, capable]. Capable of swallowing, or of being swallowed. Deglutitio impedita (de-glu-tish/-e-o im-ſe-di’-tah). Synonym of Z2/sphagia. Deglutition (deg-lu-fish/-um) [deglutitio, a swallowing]. The act of swallowing. Degmus (deg’-mus) [67)|16¢, a sting ; pain]. A gnawing pain in the stomach. Degradation (deg-rad-a/-shum) [degradatio, a descent by steps]. Gradual physiologic and histologic change for the worse; degeneration ; retrograde metamor- phosis. DEGRAS Degras (deſ-gras). See Zeather. Degrease (de-grés') [Fr., dégraisser]. To remove fat, as from bones in the preparation of skeletons. Degreasing (de-gres/-ing.) [Fr., dégraisser]. Removing the fat, as from bones. Degree (de-gre’) [de, from ; gradus, a step]. Position in a graded series; quality. The units or intervals of thermometric scales. Also, a charter or testimonial of qualification granted by a medical or other college. In trigonometry the #6 part of the arc of a circle. Degut (de-gū/) [Russ.]. Birch oil or tar. See Birch. Dehio's Method. A method of outlining the stomach. About a quart of water is introduced in separate quan- tities of a half-pint each, and after the ingestion of each portion, the lower crescentic limit of flatness against the tympanitic transverse colon is outlined. The normal stomach with this additional weight will not quite reach the level of the umbilicus, while in case of dilatation its descent will be rapid and considerable. Dehisce (de-his/) [de, off; hiscere, to gape]. In bi- ology, to split open. Applied to the splitting open of anthers to shed their pollen, of antheridia to set free their antherozoids, of sporangia to shed their spores, of certain fruits to shed their seeds, etc. Dehiscence (de-his/-ens) [de, off; hiscere, to gape or yawn]. In biology, the act of dehiscing or splitting open. Dehorn [de, away from ; M.E., horn). To deprive cattle of their horns. Dehumanization *::::::: -shun) [de, from ; Aumanus, human]. I. The loss of the proper char- acteristics of humanity, either by insane persons, or by debased criminals. 2. The supposed loss of some quality pertaining to the human species; as in the alleged dehumanization of vaccine virus. Dehydration (de-hi-dra/-shun) [de, away from ; 560p (bóp-), water]. The necessary removal of water from microscopic preparations previously to clearing and mounting in balsam. Absolute alcohol is generally best; anilin is used in special cases in which alcohol is inadmissible. 96 per cent, alcohol will answer if xylol or cedar oil be used as the clearing-agent, and should always be used with celloidin sections. also called Anhydration. Deiters’ Cells. Certain cellular structures between the outer hair-cells of the organ of Corti. Also certain nucleated cells at the intersection of the fibers of the white substance of nerves. Deiters' Cells (spider- cells) are also found in the neuroglia, especially in that of diseased brain-tissue. D. Nucleus, a nucleus lying in the direct sensory cerebellar tract of the medulla oblongata. Its function is unknown. See AVucleus magno-cellularis. D. Process, the process of a nerve- cell, that goes to form an axis-cylinder. Dejection (de jež/-shun) [defectio; de, down; facere, to throw]. The discharge of fêcal or other excremen- titious matter; the matter so discharged. Also, a state of despondency. Dejectiones nigrae (de jek-she-o'-nez ni/-gre) [L.]. Synonym of A/elena. Dekagram (de/-a-gram). See Decagram. Dekaliter (de/-a-le-ter). See Decaliter. Dekameter (de/-a-me-ter). See Decameter. Del Toro's Operation. See Operations, Table of Delafield's Hematoxylin. See Aſematoxylin and Stains. Delagarde's Operation. See Operations, Table of Delamination (de-lam-in-a/-shun) [de, away; lamina, a thin metal plate]. In biology, applied to the split. ting of the blastoderm into two layers. De la Rue's Method. A method of preparing carminic acid. Exhaust cochineal in boiling water. Precipi- tate the extract with plumbic acetate slightly acidulated 358 It is DELIRIUM with acetic acid, care being taken not to add an excess of the lead. Wash the precipitate with distilled water until the wash-water ceases to give a precipitate with mercuric chlorid; then decompose it with hydrogen sulphid; filter, evaporate the filtrate to a syrupy con- sistence on a water-bath, and dry; extract the dark- purple product with alcohol, which dissolves out the carminic acid. See Stains, Table of. Delayed Symptoms. A term used as a synonym of Shock, Deferred, g. v. Deleterious (del-et-e'-re-us) [67%mråptog, hurtful]. Hurt- ful, injurious. Delffs' Tests. See Tests, Table of Delhi Boil (de/-he boil). See Furunculus orientalis. Delicate (de/-ić-at) [delicatus, delicate]. Of a refined constitution. Feeble. In a condition of poor health. Deligation (del-ig-a/-shun) [deligatio, a binding]. Li- gation, as of an artery; bandaging, as of a wound. De Lignerolle's Operation. See Operations, Table of. - Deliquescence (del-ik-wes/-ens) [deliquescere, to melt away]. The breaking down as a result of the ab- sorption of water from the atmosphere, characteristic of certain substances. Such substances are said to be ſhygroscopic. Deliquescent (del-ić-wes/-ent) [deliquescere, to melt away]. In biology, dissolving; applied to a stem that divides into branches. Deliquium (del-iº/-we-um) [L.]. An absence. D. animi. I. Failure of the mind; mental decay; melan- choly; lowness of the spirits. 2. Syncope or fainting. Delirament (de-lir/-am-ent) [deliramentum, delirium]. Delirium. Deliration (de-lir-a/-shun) [Deliratio, delirium]. lirium. Deliriant (de-lir’-e-ant) [de, out of; lira, the furrow]. An agent that acts on the brain, so as to disorder the mental faculties and produce confusion of will-power. Delirifacient (de-lir-e-fa/-she-ent) [delirium, delirium; facere, to make]. Producing delirium. Delirious (de-lir’-e-us) [delirus, mad, raving]. Af. fected with delirium; wandering in mind. Delirium (de-lir/-e-um) [delirium, madness]. A dis- turbance of the cerebral functions manifested by im paired action of the nerve-centers, characterized by hallucinations, an incoherence of speech, a staggering gait, etc. D., Alcoholic. See O. tremens. D. ambitiosum, a condition of boastfulness that is some- times manifest in the course of paretic dementia. D. cordis, a peculiar condition of the myocardium re- sulting when chloroform vapor is administered above a certain point of concentration. The myocardium fails to contract and rapidly becomes insensitive to stimulation, being thrown only into fibrillary contrac- tion. A heart once so dilated beyond the point of its ability to re-contract never recovers, and death results. D. ebrositatis. See D. tremzens. D., Febrile, the delirium of fever. D. furibundum, acute ma- nia. D. of Grandeur, delirium ambitiosum. D. mussitans, low, muttering delirium. D. nervosum, the delirium following severe surgical operations, or injuries. D. palignosticum, that in which the pa- tient asserts that he has been before in a place to which he has come for the first time. D. persecu- tionis, that in which the patient imagines himself the object of persecution. D. potatorum, synonym of D. trements. D., Senile, the delirium of old age ; dotage. D., Toxic, the delirium caused by poisons. D. tremens, the delirium arising from alcoholic pois- oning, and usually following some acute sickness, overwork, or the shock consequent upon an injury or surgical operation. It is characterized by constant De- DELITESCENCE tremor, great exhaustion, distressing illusions and hallucinations. D. vigilans. See D. tremens. Delitescence (del-it-es/-ems) [delitescere, to lie hid]. The sudden disappearance of inflammation by resolu- tion. Also, the period of incubation of the virus of contagious diseases, such as Smallpox, etc. Delivery (de-liv'-er-e) [Fr., délivrer; deliberare, to set free]. Parturition, childbirth. D., Post-mortem, the birth of a fetus after the death of the mother, from an accumulation of gases in the uterine cavity. Delomo) phous (del-o-mor/-fus) [Óñ%0g, conspicuous; popºff, form]. With open or conspicuous form. D. Cells of Rollet, collections of large, oval, or angular, well-defined, granular, reticulated, nucleated cells, between the membrana propria and the adelomorphous cells of the fundus glands of the gastric mucous mem- brane. They are called, also, Parietal Cells of Heidenhain, or Oxyntic Cells of Langley. The secretory part of the tubes is lined by cells called Adelomorphous, Central, or Principal Cells. Delore's Operation. See Operations, Zable of. Delpech's Operations. See Operations, 7able of. Delphin (de/-fin). Same as Delphinin. Delphini Oleum (delºft/-ni o'-le-um) [L.]. The oil of the common porpoise, Phocaena communis. It is said to have all the medicinal virtues of cod-liver oil, without the disagreeable qualities of the latter. Delphinin (de/ſºn-in). [Óe/ſpivſov, larkspur], C, Has- NO2. A poisonous alkaloid from Staphisagria. See Stap/hisagria. Delphinium (delºftn/-e-um). See Staphisagria. Delphinoidin (delºftn-oid/-īn) [Óežpivov, larkspur; eiðog, like]. An amorphous alkaloid derived from Stavesacre. ~ Delphisin (de/-fts-in) [Óe?ſpívtov, larkspur], Cs, His N,0s. An alkaloid of Stavesacre occurring in crystalline tufts. Delta (del/-tah) [66%ra, the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet]. The vulva, from its triangular shape. D. mesoscapulaº, the triangular area at the root of the spine of the scapula. Deltidium (del-tid/-e-um) [the Greek letter A, 6é%ra]. In biology, applied to the triangular space on a brach- iopod shell, between the beak and the hinge. Deltoid (de/-toid) [delta, the Greek letter A; eióog, likeness]. Having the shape of a delta, or a triangular form, as the D. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Delusion (de-ſu/-zhun) [de, from ; lusus, play]. A false judgment of objective things, as distinguished from illusion and hallucination. It is the result of an abnormal condition of the brain. A delusion may be systematized or unsystematized, the former being the more serious and met with in the chronically insane. Delusional (de-/u/-2hun-al) [deludere, to delude]. Of the nature of a delusion ; characterized by delusions. D. Stupor. See Insanity, Confusional. Demarcation (de-maré-a/-shun) [demarcare, to set the bounds of J. A line of separation, as between gan- grenous and healthy tissue. Demarquay's Operation. See Operations, Table of Demembration (de-mem-bra/-shun) [demembrare, to deprive of a limb or limbs]. The cutting off of a member; amputation ; castration. Dement (de/-ment) [demens, insane]. son; one who is demented. Dementia (de-men’-she-ah) [de, out of ; mens, the mind.]. A mild form of insanity marked by imper- fect conception, illogical sequence of expression, loss of reflection, and impaired perception. There is par- tial loss of self-control and self-respect. Dementia is often a final stage of other forms of insanity. It is described under the various forms of secondary, senile, organic, and alcoholic. There is a general An insane per- 359 DENDRITIC atrophy of the brain-substance, with a compensatory thickening of the brain-membranes, and an increase of the fluid of the brain and of the neuroglia. Demersal, or Demersed (de-mer/-sal, or de-mers/) [demersus, plunge into]. In biology, growing beneath the surface of water, as the eggs of the catfish. Demi- (dem/-e-). A Latin prefix denoting one-half. Demilune Cells (dem/-e-lºn se/3) [demiius, half; luna, moon]. See Cell. D. C. of Adamkiewicz. A pecu- liar form of nerve-corpuscle lying below the neuri- lemma of medullated nerve-fibers; it is stained yellow by Safranin. D. C. of Heidenhain, half-moon shaped bodies lying between the cells and the membrana propria of the alveolus in the salivary glands. Demimonstrosity (dem-e-/non-stros/-īt-e) [demi, half; monstratosus, monstrous]. A variety of congenital deformity that does not give rise to appreciable dis- order of function. Demme, Bacillus and Micrococcus of. teria, Synonymatic Table of Demnia (dem/-ne-ah) [Öğuvtov, a bed]. In biology, the subgenital cavities found in the Discomedusae : they are also called respiratory cavities, genital cavi- ties, umbrella-cavities of the reproductive organs; infundibuſa subgenitalia. Demodex (dem/-o-deks) [Ömuóg, fat; 6%, an insect]. A genus of parasitic insects. D. folliculorum, a minute parasite found in the sebaceous follicles, par- ticularly of the face. It probably does not produce any symptoms, though in large numbers it may produce acne. See Comedo, also Parasites (Animal), Table of Demography (de-mog/-ra-ſe) [ 67%0ç, the people; ypápetv, to write]. The science of peoples collectively considered; social science, including that of vital sta- tistics and the consideration of various questions of state medicine. De Moivre's Hypothesis. An hypothesis that the de- crements of population are in arithmetic proportion, and that of every 86 persons born, one dies uniformly every year until all are extinct. Demonolatry (de-mon-o/-at-re) [Öaiuov, a demon; Žar- peta, worship]. Insane or delusional worship of devils; the morbid assumption of the character of a witch. Demonomania (de-mo-no-ma/-ne-a/a) [Óaiuov, a devil; Alavia, madness]. A form of madness in which a person imagines himself possessed of a devil. Demonomaniac (de-mo-no-ma/-ne-ak) [ datuov, a devil; uavia, madness]. One who suffers with demo- IłOIIla Illa. Demonopathy (de-mon-op/-a-the) [ 6aiuov, a demon ; Tábog, disease]. Same as Demonomania. Demonstrator (dem/-on-stra-tor) [ demons/rare, to show]. One who instructs in the practical application of the arts and sciences. De Morgan's Operation. See Operations, Zable of. Demours, Membrane of. See Descemet's Al/emzórazze. Demulcent (de-mul'-sent) [demulcere, to smooth]. I See Aac- Soothing ; locally softening and lenitive. 2. Any substance that protects the mucous membranes. It is generally of a mucilaginous nature. Demutization (de-me-tiz-a/-shun) [de, not ; mutus, dumb]. The education of deaf-mutes to speak and to understand spoken language by the movement of the lips, signs, etc. Denan's Operation. See Operations, 7able of Denarcotized (de-mar/-Ko-tiga') [de, priv.; vapkotikóg, narcotic J. Having the narcotin removed, as opium. Dendrite (den/-drif) [óēvópov, a tree]. A protoplasmic process of a nerve-cell. Dendritic, or Dendroid (den-drit/-ić, or den/-droid’) [Óevöpirm; ; devăpoetóñº ; 6évôpov, a tree]. Tree-like or arborescent. The arrangement of the structures that DEN DROCELUS make up the arbor viſa of the cerebellum, or that of the uterus, is dendritic. Dendrocelus (den-dro-seſ-lus) [6évôpov, a tree; kotăţa, belly]. In biology, having a branched intestine. Dendrodentine (den-dro-dem/-tim) [óðvápov, a tree; dentine, tooth - tissue]. In biology, a tooth - tissue formed by the blending of the dentine, enamel, and cement of many teeth. Dendron (den/-dron)[6évôpov, a tree]. Same as Dendrite. Dendrostyle (den/-dro-sti/) [óévôpov, tree; orižog, pillar]. In biology, Huxley's term for the stalk of the hydroid stage of certain hydrozoans. Dengue (deng/-ga) [West Ind.]. somewhat resembling remittent fever, but much more severe. It is characterized by racking pain in the head and eyeballs, pain in the back and knees, arthralgia, catarrhal inflammation of those mucous surfaces that are exposed to the air, swollen salivary glands, and measly eruptions. Cf. Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of. Denidation (de-ni-da'-shun) [de priv.; nidus, a nest]. During involution after pregnancy, the process of dis- integration and casting off of the superficial portion of the uterine mucosa. Denis's Plasmin. A precipitate of uncoagulated blood with sodic sulphate, and treated with sodic chlorid. Denneth's System. ... See Treatment, Methods of De novo (de no/-vo) [L.]. Anew. Dens (denz) [L. : pl. , Dentes]. A tooth. See Teeth. Density (den/-sit-e) [densilas, thickness]. Closeness; compactness. In electro-therapeutics, the amount of electricity accumulated on a unit of surface. Dent (don(g)) [Fr.]. A tooth. Dentagra (den-ta/-grah) [dens, a tooth; āypa, a seizure]. I. The Denticeps, an instrument for extracting teeth; a tooth-forceps. 2. The term is also applied to tooth- ache. - Dental (den/-/al) [dens, a tooth: gen., Dentis]. Pertain- ing to the teeth. D. Apparatus, the teeth, together with the alveoli in which they are implanted, and the jaws; also a set of artificial teeth. The instruments and appliances employed in dental operations are likewise so termed. D. Arches, arcades dentaires. The arches formed by the teeth when arranged in their sockets in the alveolar borders, or the arch formed by the alveolar process of each jaw. D. Arteries, the arteries supply- ing the teeth. See Arteries, Table of D. Atrophy, atrophia dentalis. See Atrophy of the Teeth. D. Bone, dentine. The Osseous part of a tooth. D. Canals, the canals that perforate the alveoli, and give passage to the blood-vessels and nerves that enter the teeth at the extremities of their roots. See Cazza!. D. Caries, caries of the teeth. D. Cavity, cavitas pulpae; cavum dentis; antrum dentale. The pulp-cavity. The cavity occupied by the dental pulp in the interior of a tooth. Its shape resembles that of the tooth; it is larger in young persons than in old, and when the teeth suffer great loss of substance, either from mechanical or spon- taneous abrasion, it sometimes becomes completely ob- literated. See Abrasion of the Teeth. D. Engine, a machine first introduced in 1870, but since greatly im- proved, and which has almost wholly superseded the use of hand-burs and drills. It is operated like a dental lathe, and possesses a flexible cable, or an adjustable arm and hand-piece, which afford great facility of movement and adaptation. By means of attachments to the hand-piece, drills can be operated at a right angle with the shaft, at an acute angle, or with a back- ward inclination of nearly forty-five degrees. Burnishers, discs, etc., are also adapted to these dental engines. D. Excavator, an instrument employed for the removal of the decayed part of a tooth, preparatory to the operation of filling. D. Exostosis. See 360' A zymotic disease DENTES Exostosis of the Teeth. D. File, a file manufactured for operations on the teeth. See File, Dental, D. Forceps. See Forceps for Extracting Teeth. D. Glands. See Gland. D. Groove, a furrow on the lower border of the upper jaw early in fetal life, in which the teeth are developed. D. Laboratory, a room or place where the operations connected with mechanical dentistry are performed. D. Necrosis, odontonecrosis. See AVecrosis of the Teeth. D. Neu- ralgia, a form of neuralgia the immediate exciting cause of which is owing to some disease of the dental pulp. See Odontalgia. D. Organism, the organism of the teeth; the organic structure of these organs; the vital forces that govern them. D. Orthopedia, the art of correcting deformity occasioned by irregular- ity of the teeth, or other causes. See Irregularity of the Teeth. D. Pathology, considers the causes and different forms of the various diseases to which the teeth are liable. D. Periostitis, periostitis dentium. In- flammation of the dental periosteum or peridental membrane. See Odontalgia, and Periodontitis. D. Pulp, a soft, vascular, and highly sensitive sub- stance, of a reddish-gray color, occupying the cavity of a living tooth. It also constitutes the rudiment of a tooth. The dental pulp is the principal blood-supply and nerve-supply of the dentine. D. Pulp, Destruction of; there are two methods of destroying the pulp; one by an operation, such as the use of a barbed brooch; the other by the application of some devitalizing agent, as arsenious acid. D. Ridges, the projecting borders of the primitive dental groove. D. Sac, the sac that encloses the developing tooth in the embryo. D. Surgeon (chirurgien dentiste), surgeon-dentist, one who devotes himself to the study and treatment of the diseases of the teeth, and their connections, and the adoption of substitutes for them when, by age, accident or disease, they are lost. D. Therapeutics, con- siders the methods and medicaments used in the treat- ment of diseases of the teeth. D. tubuli, the tubes occurring in the structure of the dentine. Dentalgia (den-ta/-je-ah) [ dens, tooth; āAyoc, pain]. Tooth-ache. Dentalis lapis (den-ta/-lis la/-pis) [L.]. Salivary cal- culus; tartar of the teeth. Dentaphone (dem/-taf-àn) [dens, tooth; pová, sound]. A modification of the audiphone, g. v., by means of which the Sound-waves are transmitted through the bones of the head to the auditory apparatus. Dentarpaga (den-tar/-pa-gah) [dens, tooth; diptáym, hook]. An instrument for the extraction of teeth. Dentate (den/-tät) [dens, a tooth]. In biology, ap- plied to leaves, wings, or other flattened organs that have their margins provided with acute teeth that point directly outward from the margin. Dentatum (den-ta/-tum) [L.]. The dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. D. olivae. See Dentoliva. Dentes (dem/-tez) [L., the plural of dens]. Teeth. See Teeth. D. acuti, the incisor teeth. D. adulti, the teeth of second dentition. D. adversi, the incisor teeth. D. angulares, the canine or cuspid teeth, so called, probably, because they are situated at the an- gles of the alveolar arch, at the corners of the mouth, or from the angular shape of their crowns. D. bicus- pidati, bicuspid teeth. D. canini, the cuspid or ca- nine teeth; so called from their resemblance to the teeth of a dog. D. cariosi, carious teeth. D. colum- ellares, the molar teeth. D. cuspidati, cuspid teeth. D. exserti [exsertere, to thrust out], teeth that project or are in front of the dental arch, but applied more particularly to the cuspidati. D. incisores, in- cisor teeth. D. lactei, the milk, temporary, or de- ciduous teeth. See ZXeciduous Zeeth. D. molares, DENTICULATE molar teeth. D. primores, the incisor teeth; so called because they occupy the front or anterior part of the dental arch. D. sapientiae, the wisdom-teeth. A name given to the third molar tooth of each half of the jaws. D. tomici [tomicus, cutting], the incisor teeth. Denticulate (den -tik/-u-lat) [denticulus, a small tooth]. In biology, having minute dentations. Furnished with small teeth. Denticulus (den -tik/-u-lus) [L.]. A little tooth. Dentier (don(g)-te-a/) [Fr.]. A French word signifying a base of metal, ivory or any other substance, employed as a support or attachment for artificial teeth. The term is also sometimes applied to a set of artificial teeth. Dentification (den-tif-ić -a/- shun) [dens, a tooth; facere, to make]. tion of teeth. Incisors. Incisors. The forma- Canine. Milk molars. THE TEMPORARY TEETH. The top section of illustration is the upper set, and the bottom section is the lower set. Dentiform (den/-ºf-orm) [dens, a tooth; forma, shapel. In biology, tooth-like. Dentifrice (dem/-täf-ris) [dens, tooth; fricere, to rubl. A substance used for cleansing the teeth. Dentigerous (den-tij/-er-us) [dens, a tooth; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing teeth. Dentinal (den/-tin-al) [dens, a tooth]. or composed of dentine. Dentinalgia (den-tin-a!’-je-ah) [dens, a tooth; Śāyog, pain]. Pain in dentine. Dentine (den/-tin) [dens, a tooth]. The bony structure of the tooth, lying under the enamel of the crown and the pericementum of the root. D., Sensitive- ness of, a hypersensitive condition of the dentine of a tooth, occasioned by distal irritation of the dentinal fibrils. See Sensitive Dentine. Dentinitis (den-tin-i/-täs) [dens, a tooth; tric, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the dentinal fibrils. Dentiphone (den/-täf-àn) [dens, a tooth; hová, a voice]. A form of audiphone in which the vibrating disc is attached to the teeth. Dentist (dem/-tist) [dens, a tooth]. ter; a dental surgeon. Pertaining to Dentista; odontia- See Dental Surgeon. Canine. 361 DENUDATE Molars. Wisdom tooth. Bicuspids. THE TEETH OF AN ADULT. The top section of illustration is the upper set, and the bottom is the lower set. Dentistry (dem/-tis-tre) [dens, a tooth]. Odontotechny; odontiatria; odontotherapia; dental surgery, embrac- ing everything pertaining to the treatment and re- placement of the loss of the natural teeth. Dentitio (den-tish/-e-o) [L.]. Dentition. Dentition (den-tish/-um) [dens, a tooth]. The cutting or first appearance of the teeth in infancy. Also, the arrangement and evolution of the teeth. Dentition is primary, that is, the cutting of the temporary or milk teeth, and secondary, or that of the permanent teeth. There are always some vague symptoms associated with the process, such as fretfulness, restlessness, con- vulsions, diarrhea, painful and swollen gum, which may be relieved by lancing over the protruding tooth. - - Dentium (dem/-she-um) [L.: gen. of Denti; J. Of the teeth. D. cavernae, the sockets of the teeth. D. cortex, the enamel of the teeth. D. dolor, pain in the teeth ; tooth-ache. D. nitor, enamel of the teeth. D. scalptura, lancing of the gums. D. vacillantia, looseness of the teeth. Dentography (den-fog/-7-a-ſe) [dens, a tooth; Ypá97, a description]. A description of teeth. Dentoliva (den-to/-iv-ah) [dens, a tooth; oliva, an olive]. Dentatum olivae; olivary nucleus; a capsule of cinerea within the oliva of the brain. Dentology (den-to/-o-je) [dens, a tooth; Zóyog, science]. A treatise on the teeth. Dentonomy (den-ton/-o-me) [dens, a tooth ; vöuoc, a law]. The arrangement of the teeth into classes. Dentos (den/-tos) [dens, tooth; os, bone]. Tooth- bone; tooth-substance. - Dentrification (den-trif-ić-a/-shun) [dens, a tooth; facere, to make]. The deposition of lime-salts on the enamel and dentine of the teeth. Dents (dah.mt) [Fr.]. Teeth. D. bicuspidées, the bicuspid teeth. D. coldes, neck of the teeth. D. canides, the canine teeth. D. de lait, the milk or temporary teeth. D. machelures, the molar teeth. D. molares, the molar teeth. D. multicuspidées, the large molar teeth. D. Ceilleries, canine teeth. Denture (den'-châr) [dens, a tooth]. A complete set of teeth; the whole assemblage of teeth in both Jaws. Denudate (den/-u-dāt) [denudare, to strip]. ology, lacking covering, as scales, hair, foliage. In bi- DENUDING Denuding (den-ze/-ding) [denudare, to denude]. A stripping or making bare. D. of the Teeth, an affec- tion that consists in the gradual destruction of the enamel of the anterior or labial surfaces of the inci- Sors, cuspidati, and sometimes of the bicuspids; the molars are rarely affected by it. Denutrition (de-nu-rish/-um) [de, from ; nutriare, to nourish]. The breaking down or atrophy of tissue arising from lack of nutrition. The opposite of nutri- tion. Deobstruent (de-off’-stru-ent) [de, from ; obstruere, to obstruct]. A medicine that removes functional ob- structions of the body. An aperient. Deodand (deſ-o-dand) [deus, God; dare, to give]. A fine formerly imposed on an inanimate thing or animal that had caused the injury or violent death of a person. Deodorant (de-da/-or-ant) [de priv.; odorare, to smell]. A substance that removes or corrects offensive odors. Deodorizer (de-o/-dor-i-zer) [de priv.; odorare, to smell]. A deodorizing agent; a substance that de- stroys offensive odors. Deontology (de-on-to/-o-je) [ćov, right, binding; Wöyog, science]. The science of duty. D., Medical, medi- cal ethics. Deoppilant, or Deoppilative (de-op/-i/-ant, or de-op- pi/-at-iv) [de, from ; oppi/are, to stop]. I. Deob- struent; aperient. 2. An aperient medicine. Deorsum (de-or/-sum) [L.]. Downward. D. vergens. See Vergens. Deossification (de-os-if-ik-a/-shun) [de, away; os, bone; facere, to do]. The absorption of bony material; the deprivation of any part of its bony character. Deoxidation (de-oks-id-a/-shun) [de, from ; oxidatus, having oxygen]. In chemistry, the separation of an element or compound from the oxygen held in com- bination. Reduction. Deozonize (de-o'-zón-īz) [de, from ; 6¢elv, to Smell]. To deprive of ozone. Depauperate (de-paw'-per-āt) [de, intensive; pauper, poor]. I. To render poor; to pauperize; to im- poverish. 2. Impoverished; ill-mourished ; under- fed, and under-grown. Depilation (dep-i/-a/-shun) [depilatio, removal of hair]. The removal of hairs. - Depilator (de-pi/-a-tor) [depi/are, to remove the hair]. An instrument for pulling out the hair. Depilatory (de-pi/-at-or-e) [de, from ; pilus, the hair]. 1. Having the power to remove the hair. 2. A sub- stance used to destroy the hair, usually a caustic al- kali. Deplethoric (de-p/eſ//-or-ić) [de priv; Tâmbópm, ple- thora]. Marked by absence of plethora. Depletion (de-p/e/-shun) [deplere, to empty]. The process of diminishing the quantity of any tissue or fluid of the body, especially the blood. It may be general or local, the former by venesection and purg- ing, and the latter by leeching, cupping, or scarifica- tion. Depletive, Depletory (de-ple/-tiv, de-ple/-for-e) [deplere, to empty]. I. Causing or tending toward depletion. 2. A medicine that depletes. Deplumation (de-plu-ma/-shun) [de, down, off; pluma, feather]. The loss of the eyelashes. º Depolarization (de-po-ſar-iz-a/-shun). Destruction of polarity. The neutralization of the opposite poles of a magnet. The neutralization or recombination of light-waves that have been separated by means of a Nicol prism. Deposit (de-pos/-īt) [de, from ; pomere, to place]. A gathering of particles that have been held in suspen- sion. A gathering of morbid or normal matter in any part of the body. See Urinary Deposit. 362 DERENCEPHALOCELE Deposition (de-po-zish/-un). See Couching, Depositive (de-poz/-it-iv) [depomere, to lay aside]. Tending to or characterized by a morbid deposit; exudative. Depravation (dep-rav-a/-shun) [depravare, to vitiate]. A deterioration or morbid change in the secretions, tissues, or functions of the body. Depressant (de-pres/-ant) [deprimere, to press down]. A medicine that retards or depresses the physiologic action of an organ. A sedative. D., Cardiac, one that lowers the action of the heart. D., Cerebral. one that arrests the functions of the cerebrum. D., Motor, one that lowers the activity of the spinal cord and motor apparatus. Depressio (de-presſ-e-o) [L.]. A depressing. D. cataractae. Synonym of Couching. Depression (de-presh/-um) [depressio; deprimere, to depress]. In anatomy, a hollow, or fossa. In sur. gery, displacement inward of the skull, often giving rise to pressure on the brain. D. and Elevation, one of the Swedish movements, either excentric or concentric, in which, while the part is being raised or depressed, resistance is made by the patient or operator. Depressions, Pacchionian. The depressions on the internal surface of the parietal bone that lodge the Pacchionian bodies. . Depressor (de-presſ-or) [deprimere, to depress]. A name given to a muscle or an instrument that de- presses. See Muscles, Table of. D. Fibers. See Aressor. D. of Sims, an instrument for holding back the vaginal wall during exploration with the speculum. D., Tongue, an instrument for depressing the tongue in order to examine the throat. Deprimens (dep/-rim-enz) [L.]. I. Depressing; press- ing down. 2. A depressing muscle. D. auriculae, the retrahens auris muscle. D. oculi, the rectus in- ferior of the eye. See Muscles, Zable of Depurant (dep/-u-rant) [depurare, to purify]. I. Purifying; cleansing. 2. A medicine that purifies the animal economy. Depurative (dep/-u-ra-tive), or Depuratory (dep/-u-ra- for-e) [depurare, to purify]. Purifying or cleansing. D. Liver, same as Amyloid Civer. Depurator (dep/-u-ra-tor) [depurare, to purify]. Med- icine or device for promoting a depuratory process. DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term Reaction of Degeneration, 7. v. Deradelphus (der-ad-el/-fus) [68pm, neck; &óeżóóg, brother]. A monocephalic dual monstrosity, with fusion of the bodies above the umbilicus, and with four lower extremities, and three or four upper. Deradenitis (der-ad-en-i/-tis) [óépm, neck; ačfiv, a gland; trac, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glands of the neck. Deradenoncus (der-ad-en-ong/-kus) [6épm, neck; āóffv, gland; 6)Koç, mass]. A swelling of a gland of the neck; a swollen gland of the neck. Deranencephalia (der-am-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [68pm, neck; āv priv.; £ykéjažog, brain]. Teratism marked by absence of the head and brain, the neck being present. Derangement (de-rány/-ment). See Insanity. Derbyshire Neck (der/-be-shār mek). See Goiter. Dercum’s Disease. Adiposis dolorosa. A disorder characterized by irregular, Sometimes symmetric, de- posits of fatty masses in various portions of the body, preceded by, or attended with, pain. Derencephalia (der-en-seſ-a/-le-a/.) [6épm, neck; £ycép- aŽog, brain]. The condition of being derencepha- lous; teratic absence of cranium, the vestiges of the brain being enclosed in the cervical vertebrae. Derencephalocele (der-en-sef’-al-o-sel) [6épm, neck; ëyképažog, brain ; cffWm, tumor]. A protrusion of the } DERENCEPHALOUS 363 brain through a split in one or more of the cervical vertebrae. Derencephalous (der-en-sef’-a/-us) [6épm, neck; &yké- 9aWoº, brain]. Affected with derencephalia; of the nature of derencephalus. Derencephalus (der-en-sef’-a/-us) [6épm, neck; £yké- ſpañog, brain]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species anencephalus, in which the bones of the cranial vault are rudimentary, the posterior portion of the occiput absent, and the upper cervical vertebrae bifid, the brain resting in them. DeRhèim’s Plaster. A celebrated plaster for chilblains, made as follows: Capsicum pods 3.j, strong alcohol, 3 ii; macerate several days, then add mucilage of acacia 3 iſ. Stir well and brush over sheets of silk or tissue paper, and apply like court-plaster to the unbroken chilblain. Derivant (der/-iv-ant) [derivare, to derive]. I. Deriv- ative; revulsive. 2. A derivative medicine or appli- cation. Derivate (der/-iv-āt) [derivare, to derive]. In chemistry, a substance that is derived from another. Derivation (der-iv-a/-shun) [derivare, to derive]. I. Derivative action ; the drawing away of a morbid process from one part to another; revulsive treatment. 2. The supposed suctional power of the heart, or the effect of that power upon the circulation. D. Wire, in an electric battery a wire connecting two points in a closed circuit. . Derivative (de-riv'-at-iv) [derivare, to turn aside a stream]. Diverting or drawing a morbid process from its seat; revulsive. Derm. See Derma. Derma (der/-mah) [Óðpua, the skin]. The skin. The true skin. See Cutis. ~. Dermad (der/-mad) [6épua, the skin; ad, to]. Ex- ternally; toward the skin ; ectad. Dermagra (der-ma/-grah). See Dermatagra. Dermal (der/-mal) [6éppa, the skin]. Pertaining to the skin. Dermalaxia (der-mal-aks/-e-ah) [óéppa, skin; uahačia, softness]. Morbid softening of the skin. Dermalgia (der-ma/-je-ah). See Dermata.gia. Dermanoplasty (der-man/-o-plas-de) [6éppia, skin; &vatāāogetv, to form anew]. Skin-transplantation ; skin-grafting; a method of plastic Surgery, in which a piece of the whole thickness of the skin is entirely removed from one part and transferred to another distant part to fill up a gap. Dermanyssus (der-man-is/-us) [6épua, skin; viiooetv, to prick]. A genus of itch-mites. D. avium is a species found on birds and sometimes on the human subject. Dermapostasis (der-map-osſ-fas-is) [6épua, skin; itéo- Tagug, a falling away]. Any skin-disease dependent upon some constitutional disorder, and marked by metastatic dermal deposits. Dermatagra (der-mat-a/-grah) [6épua, skin; &ypa, seizure]. See Pellagra. Dermatalgia (der-mat-a/-je-ah) [6éppa, skin; &Ayoc, pain]. Neuralgia of the skin. Rheumatism of the skin. Pain in the skin not due to any structural change in it. Dermatauxe (der-mat-awks/-e) [6épua, skin; atºm, *entation] Thickening or hypertrophy of the SRIIl. Dermatic (der-mat/-ä) [Óepuarticóc, pertaining to the skin]. I. Relating to the skin. 2. A remedy for diseases of the skin. Dermatitis (der-mat-iſ-tis) [6épua, skin; tric, inflam- mation]. A generic term used to designate an ill-de- fined and extensive group of symptomatic inflamma- DERMATITIS tions of the skin, characterized clinically by redness, heat, swelling, and pain, and terminating in resolution, suppuration, gangrene, or chronic dermatitis. D. am- bustionis, the form due to burns and scalds. D. bul- losa. See Apidermolysis. D. calorica. Synonym of Chilblain. D. congelationis. Same as Frosſ- bite. D. contusiformis. See Frythema nodosum. D. exfoliativa, an acute or chronic, general or partial, inflammation of the skin, in which the epidermis is shed more or less freely in large or small scales. See Aityriasis rubra. D. exfoliativa infantum vel neo- natorum, A'itter’s Oisease; a severe form of exfolia- tive inflammation of the skin, usually unattended by fever, which begins between the second and fifth weeks of life. About 50 per cent. of those attacked succumb to marasmus. D. gangraenosa; Sphacelo- derma, gangrenous inflammation of the skin. It has been observed in cases of cerebral and spinal dis- orders, diabetes, etc. It may also be primary in those whose constitutions are depraved. The lesions are at first reddish or purplish erythematous spots, usually on the trunk and extremities; these vesicate, rapidly become gangrenous, and slough ; they are attended by fever and constitutional disturbance. Spontaneous recovery generally ensues with scar-formation. D. gangraenosa infantum ; Varicella gangramosa, Zemi- A/ºgus gangramosus ; rupia escharotica, a gangrenous eruption following varicella and other pustular erup- tions of children. It is a rare condition. If it occur while the varicellar lesions are still present, it begins on the head or upper part of the body, and, instead of the scab being thrown off, ulceration occurs beneath it, and often a pustular border with a red areola is formed, the whole resembling a vaccination-pustule. On Sep- arating, a sharp-edged, roundish or oval, conical ulcer remains, deep or shallow. Death may result if the lesions are numerous, and constitutional disturbance is always great. D. herpetiformis, an inflammatory skin-disease of an herpetic character, the various le- Sions showing a tendency to group. It is a protean disease, appearing as erythema, vesicles, blebs, and pustules. Itching and burning are the most marked symptoms. See Aydroa herpetiforme. D., Malig- nant, Papillary dermatitis, Paget’s disease of the nip- ple. Carcinoma of the nipple. D. medicamentosa, Prug-eruptions; inflammatory eruptions upon the skin due to the action of certain drugs taken internally. The most prominent are the following: Antiſebrin produces a kind of cyanosis; antipyrin, an erythema that may be general or partial, but symmetric, af. fecting the extensor aspects in preference to the flexor, and the limbs more than the trunk; papules, vesicles, and bullae have been noted; arsenic produces an urti- carial, erysipelatoid dermatitis of the face and eyelids, a papular rash on the face, neck, and hands, herpes zoster, and in large doses pustular, ulcerative, or gan- grenous eruptions; belladonna, a diffuse erythema- tous blush and a scarlatiniform eruption; boric acid, an erythema; borax, psoriasis, eczema, and erythenia; bromin and bromids, pustular, erythematous, urticarial, bullous, and Squamous eruptions; cannabis indica, a vesicular eruption; chlorate of potash, a fiery, erythema- tous and papular eruption, and cyanosis; chloroform, purpuric spots; chloral hydrate, erythema, scarlatini. form, bullous, erysipelatous eruptions; chloralamid', Scarlatiniform ; chrysarobin, erythema, vesicles; cod. /iver-oil, vesicular eruption, acne; copaiba, erythema- tous, urticarial, papular eruption; cztóebs, papular ery- thema ; digitalis, Scarlatiniform, papular erythema; iodin and iodids, pustular, vesicular or bullous, purpuric, erythematous, urticarial; todoform, punctiform, papular and erythematous ; mercury, erythematous, exfoliative DERMATOBIA dermatitis; morphin, erythematous; phosphoric acid, bullous, purpura; quinin, eczema, erythematous, ur- ticarial, purpuric, vesicular, bullous; resin, urticaria; rhubarb, hemorrhagic and pustular bullae; salicylic acid, erythema, urticaria, bullae, petechiae, vesicles, pustules; santonin, urticaria; stramonium, erythema; strychnin, scarlatiniform, pruritus, miliaria; sulphonal, erythema, purpura; tannin, urticaria; tar, erythema, vesicles and bullae, acne ; terebenze, papular erythema; tuberculin, scarlatiniform; turpentine, erythema, pap- ules, vesicles. D. papillaris capillitii. Same as D. papillomatosa capillitii. D. papillomatosa cap- illitii. Acme AEeloid, Sycosis frambassiformis; a rare form of chronic skin-disease affecting the nape of the neck and adjacent portion of the skin. The lesions consist of minute red papules, which occasionally Sup- purate, and are usually traversed by a hair. Ulti- mately these unite to form extensive, irregular, hard, white, or reddish keloid-looking growths from which a few brush-like bundles of atrophied, firmly adherent hairs protrude. It occurs usually in males of middle age. D. repens, a spreading dermatitis, usually fol- lowing injuries, and probably neuritic, commencing almost exclusively in the upper extremities. D., Seb- orrheic ; Seborrheic eczema, a form of inflammation of the skin associated with seborrhea of the scalp, due to the direct transference of the same pathogenic organism from the head to the region affected. D. traumatica, those inflammatory changes in the skin resulting from traumatism. D. venenata, a term embracing all forms of inflammation of the skin pro- duced by external irritating agencies, whether from the animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom. This in- cludes the dermatitis produced by rhus-poisoning. Dermatobia (der-mat-o/-be-ah) [6épua, skin; Bioiv, to live]. A bot-fly of Central America, the eggs of which are not infrequently deposited in the skin and produce a swelling very like an ordinary boil. See Macaco Worm and Parasites (Animal), Table of Dermatogen (der-mat/-o-jen) [Öéppia, skin ; Yévng, pro- ducing]. In biology, the layer of cells, in a young or growing part, that is destined to become epi- dermis. Dermatography (der-mat-og/-ra-ſe) [68pua, skin ; ypáðelv, to write]. A description of the skin. Dermatoid (der/-mat-oid) [6épua, skin; elóog, resem- blance]. Like or resembling skin. Dermatokeras (der-mat-o-Aer/-as) [6épua, skin ; képaç, a horn]. See Cornu cutaneum. Dermatol (der/-mat-o/) [óépua, skin], C6H2(OH)3.- CO, Bi(OH),. The subgallate of bismuth, which ap- pears to be a valuable antiseptic agent. It is especi- ally of service in cutaneous affections or lesions associated with copious secretion. Dose internally in affections of the stomach and intestines, two drams daily. It is valuable as a drying antiseptic for dust- ing wounds. Dermatologist (der-mat-o/-o jist) [6&ppia, skin ; Wóyog, science]. One who is an adept in the treatment of skin-diseases. . Dermatology (der-mat-o/-o-je) [6épua, skin ; A6).og, science]. The science of the skin, its nature, struc- ture, functions, diseases, and treatment. Dermatolysis (der-mat-o/-is-is) [6éppa, skin; Aiolg, a loosing]. An exaggerated form of Molluscum fibro- sum, marked by large flaps or folds of hypertrophied skin, their commonest sites being the neck, face, but- tocks, and chest. The skin-flaps are often deeply pigmented, thickened, indurated, and warty. Hyper- trophy of the bones or other subjacent tissues may also be present. Dermatoma (der-mat-o'-mah) [0épua, skin ; Gua, a 364 DERMOGRAPHIA tumor: pl., Dermatomata]. Any tumor of the skin, or one made up of dermal elements, Dermatomalacia (der-mat-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [6&pua, skin; plažakia, softness]. Morbid softening of the skin. Dermatomelasma (der-mat-o-mel-a2/-mah) [6&ppa, skin; ué%aopia, a black color]. Addison’s disease. Dermatomycosis (der-mat-o-mi-ko’-sis) [6&ppia, skin; pitºmſ, fungus]. Any skin-disease caused by a para- sitic plant-growth. Dermatomyoma (der-mat-o-mi-o/-mah) [Öğppa, skin; plug, muscle; Śpia, a tumor; pl. , Dermatomyomata]. Myoma seated upon or involving the skin. Dermatoneurosis (der-mat-o-nu-ro’-sis) [6épua, skin; veipov, a nerve]. Any neurosis of the skin. • Dermatonosus &º -o-sus) [6épua, skin; v6oog, disease]. Any skin-disease. Dermato-pathology (der-mat-o-path-o/-o-je) [Öéppa, skin; Tá60ſ, disease; %yog, science]. The pathol- ogy of the skin. Dermatopathy (der-mat-op/-ath-e) [6épua, skin; Táffog, disease]. Any skin-disease. - Dermatophony (der-mat-off’-o-me) [6épua, skin; pová, sound]. The auscultation of the skin; a process by which, it is alleged, the sound made by the blood in the vessels of the skin can be heard. - Dermatophyte (der’-mat-o-fit) [6épua, skin; ©vróv, a plant]. Any species of fungous vegetation that grows upon the skin. Dermatoplasty (der/-mat-o-plas-fle) [6&ppa, Tââooeuv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the skin. Dermatorrhea (der-mat-or-e'-ah) [6épua, skin; bota, a flowing]. An increased secretion from the skin. Dermatosclerosis (der-mat-o-såle-ro/-sis). See Sclero- dermea. Dermatosis (der-mat-o/-sis) [6épua, skin; v6ooç, dis- ease: pl. Dermatoses]. Any disorder or disease of the skin. D. Kaposi. Synonym of Xeroderma pig- 772ézz/OSzcz72. - Dermatosome (der/-mat-o-sām) [6épua, skin; Göua, body]. A thickening or knot in the equatorial region of each spindle fiber in the process of cell-division. Dermatospasmus (der-mat-o-spaz/-mus) [6éppa, skin; otraoplóg, spasm]. Cutis anserina, or goose-skin. Dermatosyphilis (der-mat-o-sif/-iſ-is) [6épua, skin; Syphilus, a Latin proper name]. The cutaneous manifestations of syphilis. See Syphiloderma. Dermatotomy (der-mat-of/-o-me) [6éppia, skin; Tāuvetv, to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of the skin. Dermatozoön (der-mat-o-zo'-on) [6%ppa, skin; Kºjov, an animal: pl. Dermatozoa). Any animal parasitic upon the skin. Dermen (der/-men) [6épua, the skin]. Belonging to the derma itself. Dermenchysis (der-mem/-Åis-is) [6épua, skin; Śy/voic, a pouring in J. Hypodermatic injection. Dermepenthesis (der-mep-em/-thes-is) [6épua, skin; ëtrévôeotg, insertion]. Synonym of skin-grafting. Dermexanthesis (der-meš-an-the-sis) [Öğpua, skin; #ávömouc, eruption: Ž. Dermexantheses]. Any skin- disease marked by a rash-like eruption. Dermic (der/-mić) [6éppa, the skin]. skin. Dermocyma (der-mo-si'-mah) [6épua, skin; kūpa, the fetus]. A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is contained within the skin of the host. Dermogastric (der-mo-gas'-trik) [6épua, skin; Yaothp, stomach]. In biology, applied to structures having a connection with the skin and the stomach, as dermo- gastric pores. Dermographia (der-mo-graf’-e-ah) [ćpua, skin; ypá- pelv, to write]. The condition observed in the so- skin; Relating to the 42 DERMOGRAPHIC called autographic skin; autographism. See Orticaria factºzºa. º: Dermographic (der-mo-graf’-ié) [6éppa, skin; Ypápéa, to write]. Affected with dermographia. D. pseudo- urticaria. Same as ZXermographia. Dermographism (der-mo-graf’-izm) [6&ppa, skin; ypápelv, to write]. Autographism. See Autographic Skin and Urticaria factitia. Dermography (der-mog/-ra-ſe) [6épua, skin ; Ypájetv, to write]. Dermographia; dermal autographism. Dermohemal (der-mo-he/-mal) [6épua, skin; alpa, blood]. In biology, applied to parts of the ventral or hemal fins of certain fishes. Dermoid (der/-moid). See Dermatoid. D. Cyst, a tera- toma. Dermology (der-mo/-o-je). See Dermatology. Dermoneural (der-mo-nu/-ral) [6éppa, skin; veipov, nerve]. In biology, applied to parts of the dorsal or neural fins of certain fishes. Dermoneurosis (der-mo-nu-ro/-sis). 7 OS 2.5. Dermoplasty (der/-mo-plas-de) [ćpua, skin; Tāāooelv, to form]. Restoration of skin; skin-grafting. Dermorhynchous (der-mo-ring/-kus) [6éppa, skin; būyzog, snout]. In biology, having a bill or beak covered with skin, as the duck. Dermorrhagia *::::::: -je-ah) [óéppa, skin; Amyvöval, to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the skin; bloody sweat; hematidrosis. Dermosclerite (der-mo-såle/-rit) [6%pua, skin; or Ampáç, hard]. In biology, one of the spicular masses found in certain actinozoans. - Dermoskeleton (der-mo-ske/-et-um) [68pua, skin; okeheróv, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton of inverte- brates; the skin and its appendages. Dermo-syphilopathy (der-mo-siſ-il-op/ º [óépua, skin ; syphilis; tróðog, affection]. A syphilitic skin- disease. Dermotomy (der-mot/-o-me). See Dermatotomy. Derodidymus (der-o-did/-im-us) [6épm, neck; dióvuoc, double]. A sysomic monstrosity with a single body, two necks and heads, two upper and lower extremities, with other rudimentary limbs occasionally present. Derospasmus (der-o-spaz/-mus) [68pm, neck; attacpác, spasm]. Spasm or cramp in the neck. Dertrotheca (der-tro-the-kah) [6&ptpov, a vulture's beak; 6%km, a sheath]. In biology, the skin of the dertrum or tip of the upper mandible in certain birds. Dertrum (der/-trum) [óðptpov, a beak]. See Dertro- theca. De Salle, Line of. See Zines, Table of Desanimania (des-an-in-a/-ne-ah) [des (dis) priv.; animus, mind; plavia, mania]. Mindless insanity; amentia. Q - Desault’s Apparatus or Bandage. See Bandage. D. Operations. See Operations, Table of Desbassins' Test. Same as Richmonz’s 7esz. Tests, Table of D. Splint. See Splint. Descemet's Membrane. The internal or posterior lining membrane of the cornea. Also called the Mem- brane of Demozers. Descemetitis (des-em-et-iſ-tis) [Descemet, tric, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of Descemet's membrane. Descemetocele (des-em-et/-o-sel) [Descemet; kážm, hernia]. Hernia of Descemet’s membrane. Descendens (de-sen/-denz) [descendere, to go down]. Downward. D. noni, a branch of the hypoglossal nerve. See AVerves, Table of Descent (de-sent’) [descensus, a going down]. ... The act of going down ; downward motion. D. Stage of Labor, one of the stages in labor, consisting in the entrance of the fetal head into the pelvis. D. of See ZOermatozzezz- See 365 DESPUMATION Testicle. Zapsus. Deschamps’ Angle. IDeshler’s Salve. pharmacopeia. Desiccant (des/-īk-ant) [desiccare, to dry up]. I. Caus- ing desiccation; drying. 2. A drying medicine or application. Desiccation (des-ié-a/-shun)[desiccare, to dry up]. The process of removing moisture from solids and organic tissues. Desiccative (des/-īk-a-tiv) [desiccare, to dry up]. I. Drying; desiccant. 2. A medicine or application having the property of drying moist tissues, ulcers and running Sores. Desma (dez/-mah) [6éopia, a band]. In biology, a term applied to irregular sponge-spicules. Desmachyme (des/-ma/-äm) (6éopia, a band ; 2 vuóg, juice]. In biology, the connective tissue of sponge. Desmacyte (des/-mah-sit) [6éopia, a band; KüTog, a cell]. In biology, one of the connective-tissue cells of a sponge. Desmarres' Operations. See Operations, Table of Desmitis (des-mi/-tis) [Óeoplóg, ligament]. Inflamma- tion of a ligament. - Desmobacterium (des-mo-bak-te/-re-um) [Óeoplóg, band; Bakráptov, a small staff; pl. Desmočacteria]: A group of microbes, so-called by Cohn, corresponding to the genus Bacillus of Klein. & Desmodactylous (des-mo-daš/-tiſ-us) [óeoplág, a band; ÖákrvŽog, a finger or toe]. In biology, having the flexor tendons of the toes united. Desmodynia (des-mo-din'-e-a/.) [Öeoplóg, a band; 80èvn, pain]. Pain in a ligament. Desmognathism (des-mog/-na-thizm) [óeoplóg, a band; yváffog, jaw]. Union of the maxillo-palatine bones across the middle line; normal in certain birds, as hawks, ducks, etc. Desmognathous (des-mog/-ma-ſhus) [Óeoplóg, a band; yváffog, a jaw]. In biology, applied to birds of the “bound palate ’’ type, in which the vomer is small or absent, the maxillo-palatines united, and the palatines and pterygoids articulate directly with the sphenoid. Desmography (des-mog/-ra-ſe) [Öeoplóg, a ligament t ypáðelv, to write]. The description of the ligaments. Desmoid (des/-moid) [6&gum, a bundle; eiðog, likeness]. Like a small bundle. D. Carcinoma. Synonym of Aodgkin’s Disease. Desmoma (des-mo/-mah) [Óeoplóg, a Pesmomata]. A connective-tissue tumor. Desmoneoplasma (des-mo-ne-o-plaz/-ma/) [Óeouác, band; véog, new ; Tââopia, plasma; pl. , Desmoneoplas- mata]. Any neoplasm made up of connective tissue. Desmopathy (des-mop/-a-the) [Óeoplóg, a band ; Táffoc, disease]. Any disease of a ligament. Desmopelmous (des-mo-pe!’-mus) [6&olla, a band; TéAua, the sole of the foot]. In biology applied to such birds as have the plantar tendons bound together. Desmosis (des-mo/-sis) [Óeguóg, a band ; pl., Desmoses]. Any disease of connective tissue, especially of the con- nective tissue of the skin. Desmotomy (des-mot/-0-me) [Óeoplóg, band; Topºff, sec- tion]. The dissection and anatomy of the ligaments; surgical cutting of a ligament. Desmotrophy (des-mot/-roºfe) [Óeoplág, a band; Tpépen, to turn]. Tautomerism. Desoxalic Acid (des-oks-a/-ä). See Acid. Desprez’ Operation. See Operations, Table of Despumation (des-pu-ma/-shun) [despumare, to skim froth]. The purification of a liquid by removal of the scum or froth; also the formation of froth ; purifica- tion ; clarification in general. See Testicle. D. of Womb. See Pro- See Angle. The compound resin cerate of the band: pl., DESQUAMATION Desquamation (des-Awam-a/-shun) [desquamare, to scale off]. The exfoliation or falling off of the cuticle in Scales. scarlet fever. Desquamative (des-Awam/-at-iv) [desquamare, to scale off]. Characterized by desºluamation. Destructive (de-struš/-tiv) [destructivus, destroying]. Hurtful; tending to destroy. D. Distillation. See AXàstillation. - Desudation (des-u-da/-shun) [desudatio, de, away; sudare, to sweat]. I. Excessive or morbidly profuse sweating. 2. Sudamina. Desudatory (de-su/-dać-or-e) [desudatio, a sweating]. A sweating-bath. * * Detergent (de-ter/jent) [detergere, to cleanse]. I. Purifying ; cleansing; abluent. 2. A drug, compound, or solution used for cleansing wounds, ulcers, etc. Determinant or Determining Part (de-ter/-min-ant) [determinare, to limit]. Weismann's name for one of the particles of germ-plasm corresponding to a group of Öiop/hors, a primary constituent of a cell or group of cells. Determinate (de-ter/-min-át) [determinare, to limit]. I. Applied in botany to an inflorescence in which the blossoming takes place centrifugally, the blossoms being from terminal and not from axillary buds. 2. Weismann’s name for one of the cells or groups of cells that are independently variable from the germ onward. They are also called hereditary parts. Determination (de-ter-min-a/-shun) [determinatio, a directing]. The direction or tendency to or toward a part or an organ, as of blood to the head. Determinism (de-ter’-min-izm) [determinare, to limit, prescribe]. In biology, a term introduced by Claude Bernard to indicate the fatality of the reproduction of phenomena under similar conditions, as seen in Ex- perimental Science. Detersion (de-ter/-z/ium) [detergere, to cleanse]. action of a detergent; a cleansing. Detersive (de-ter’-siv). Same as Detergent. Detmold’s Method. See 77-eatment, Methods of Detrition (de-trish/-um) [deterere, to wear off]. The act of wearing or wasting of an organ or part, especi- ally the teeth. Detritus (deſ/-rit-us) [deferere, to wear off]. The waste matter resulting from any wearing away, or from a destructive process. Detumescence (de-tu-mes/-ens) [detumescentia, a sub- sidence of a tumor]. The subsidence of any swelling. Deutencephalon (dāt-en-sef’-a/-on). See Dienceſ/a- Zon. Deuteria (du-te/ ...” [Óevrépta]. The The Secundines. Deutero-albumose (du-fer-o-a/-but-mâs). See Albat- 772OS 6°. Deutero-elastose (du-fer-o-e-las/-täs)[Óeūrepoc, second; #2ao Tukóg, elastic]. Elastin-peptone; one of the pro- ducts of the digestion of elastin. It is not precipitable by saturation with sodium chlorid. Deuteropathy (du-fer-op/-a-the) [Óeūrepoc, second ; Tráðoc, a disease]. A disease that is secondary to another. Deuteropin (du-fer-o'-pin) [Óeffrepoc, second ; 6ttov, opium], CooHo, NO3. An alkaloid of opium. Deuteroplasm, or Deutoplasm (du-ter-o/-plagm, or du/-foº/azm) [Óeūrepoc, second; Thäolla, formed material]. The food-yolk of an egg; a mass of granules of proteid and fatty matter occurring in the OV Ull]]. Deuteroscopy (du-fer-osſ-ko-ſe) [Öetrepoc, second ; okoTreiv, to view]. Synonym of Clairvoyance. Deuterostoma (du-fer-osſ-to-mah) [ÖeūTepoc, second ; oróua, mouth]. In biology, a secondary blastopore. 366 It is bran-like after measles; in layers after DEW Deuterozoöid (du-fer-o-zo/-oid) [Öettepoc, second; Øov, an animal; eiðoç, likeness]. In biology, a secondary zoöid, developed by budding. 3. Deuthyalosome (du-ſhi-a/-o-sām) [Óetitepog, second; tažog, glass, crystal; oºpua, body]. The remains of the germinal vesicle after the polar bodies have been extruded, formed by the union of portions of the chromatic stars or discs with portions of the prothyal- OSOIIlê. Deutoleucite (du-to-lu'-sit) [Óettepog, second; Aékiffog, the yolk of an egg]. In biology, a term applied by Salensky to the nutritive vitellus of the eggs of stur- geons; it is homologous to the secondary vitellus (Nebendotter) of osseous fishes. Cf. Protoleucyte. Deutomala (du-to-ma/-lah) [Öeūrepoſ, second; mala, jaw]. In biology, a term applied by A. S. Packard, Jr., to the second pair of mouth-appendages of the Myriopoda, formerly called Zabium, but really homol- ogous with the first maxillae of insects. Deutomerite (du-tom/-er-it) [ÓeūTepoc, second ; piépog, a part]. In biology, the posterior segment of a two- celled organism, as a gregarine, the anterior cell being called the protomerite, 7. v. Deutoscolex (du-to-sko'-leks) [Óeūrepoc, second ; okó%m;, worm]. In biology, applied to secondary or daughter-cysts or bladder-worms that are derived from a scolex or primary bladder-worm. 1’ Deutospermoblast (du-to-sper’-mo-blast) [Óettepoc, second; otépua, sperm; 8%aotóg, germ]. Any one of the cells produced by the division of a protosper- moblast. Deutoxid (du-toks/-īd) [Öeūrepoç, second ; bétig, sharp]. See Dioxid. Devalgate (de-val/-gāt) [de, intensive; valgus, bowleg]. Bowlegged or bandylegged. Development (de-ve/-op-ment) [Fr., developper, to unfold]. The sequence of organic changes, by which the fertilized ovum becomes the mature animal or plant. Deventer’s Diameter. The oblique diameter of the pelvis. D.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of Devergie's Disease. See Diseases, 7 able of Deviation (de-ve-a/-shun) [deviare, to deviate]. Turn- ing from a regular course, standard, or position. D., Conjugate, the forced and persistent turning of eyes and head toward one side, observed with some lesions of the cerebrum. D., Primary, the deviation of the weaker eye from that position that would make its visual line pass through the object-point of the healthy eye. D., Secondary, the deviation of the healthy eye from that position that would make its visual line pass through the object-point of the weaker eye. D. of Teeth, a faulty direction or position of one or more teeth. - Devitalization (de-vi-ta/-īz-a'-shum) Ide priv.; vita: life]. Depriving of life or vitality. ... D. of Dental Pulp. See Dental Pulp, Devitalization of: Devitalize (de-vi'-ta/-īz) [de, from ; vita, life]. To de- stroy vitality, as that of living tissue. Devonshire Colic (dev/-on-sher Ao’-i}). Colic. * { De Vries' Theory of “Intracellular Pangenesis.” See Aſeredity. Devys' Operation. See Operations, Zable of Dew's Method. See Artificial Respiration. Dew (du) [AS., deaw, dew]. The water deposited during the night from the atmosphere by the process of condensation. D.-claw, the aborted hallux of a domestic dog, or the false hoof of an ungulate. D.- point, the point at which the air cannot take up more vapor at the existing temperature, or loses a portion of its vapor by condensation if the temperature be but slightly reduced. See Lead- DewECKER's OPERATION DeWecker's Operations. See Operations, Table of Dewees’ Carminative. See Asafetida. Dewlap (du/-lap) [ME., dewlappe, a loose, hanging piece]. The pendulous longitudinal fold of skin seen under the throat of most bovine animals and of some dogs; the wattle of a turkey; colloquially, the similar fold seen occasionally under the chin of old persons. Dexicardia (deks-e-Aar/-de-ah). See Dexiocardia and AXextrocardia. - Dexiocardia (dehs-e-o-kar/-de-a/) [Óeštóg, on the right; Kapòia, the heart]. Transposition of the heart to the right side of the thorax. Dexter (deks/-ter) [L.]. Right; upon the right side. Dextrad (deºs/-trad) [dexter, right; ad, to]. Toward the right side. See Position and Direction, Table of Dextral (deks/-tral) [dexter, right]. Pertaining to the right side; right-handed. See Position and Direction, 7able of Dextran (deks/-tran) [dexter, right], CºH10O3. A stringy, gummy substance formed in milk by the ac- tion of cocci, and occurring in unripe beet-root. Dextren (deks/-trem) [dexter, right]. Belonging to the dextral side in itself. - Dextrin (deks/-trim) [dexter, right], CsPI,00s. The soluble or gummy matter into which starch is con- verted by diastase or by certain acids. It is white, insipid, odorless, and is remarkable for the extent to which it turns the plane of polarization to the right hand, whence its name. See Carbohydrates, Table of - Dextrins (dehs/-trinz) [dexter, right]. Gummy amor- phous masses, readily soluble in water and precipitated by alcohol. Their aqueous solutions are dextro-rota- tory, hence their name. They do not reduce Fehling’s solution, even on boiling, and are incapable of direct fermentation; in the presence of diastase, however, they can be fermented by yeast. Dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar'-de-ah) [dexter, right ; Kapòia, heart]. A congenital condition in which the heart is situated on the right side of the thorax; either alone or as a part of a general transposition of the viscera. See Dexiocardia. Dextro-compound (deſs-tro-com/-pound) [dexter, right; componere, to set together]. In chemistry, a compound body that causes a ray of polarized light to rotate to the right. Dextrin, malic acid, and cinchonin are dextro-compounds. Dextrogyrate (deks-tro-fi/-rat). tory. Dextrolichenin (deks-tro-/i/-Åen-in) [dexter, right; Wetyńv, a lichen]. A form of lichenin readily dis- tinguished from normal lichenin in being colored blue by iodin, while lichenin is not. Dextro-rotatory (deºs-tro-ro/-tat-or-e) [dexter, right; rotare, to whirl]. Causing to turn toward the right hand, as a dextro-rotatory crystal. Dextrose (deºs/-trós) [dexter, right], C.H.O. Grape- sugar. A sugar belonging to the glucose-group, that crystallizes from aqueous solution with IH.O in nodu- lar masses of six-sided scales. It is readily soluble in water and alcohol, has a taste less sweet than ordinary cane-sugar, and directly reduces an alkaline copper- solution. It is dextro-rotatory to polarized light. It is found in most sweet fruits, and in large amount in diabetic urine. See Sugar and Glucose. Dextro-sinistral (dehs-tro-sin-is/-tral) [dexter, right; sinister, left]. Extending from right to left. Dextroversion (deſs-tro-ver’-2hun) [dexter, right; vertere, to turn]. Version to the right side, as when the fundus of the uterus is tilted dextrally; dextral latero-version. Same as Dextro-rota- 367 DIABETES Dezeanneau’s Operation. See Operations, Table of. Dhobie's Itch. An Indian name for Ringworm of the body. Diabetes (di-ab-e'-tez) [6taffärmc: 6tá, through; 6aivetv, to go]. The habitual excessive discharge of urine; used alone the term often designates D. mellitus. D., Artificial, that form produced in the physiologic laboratory by puncturing the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain. D., Cerebral, diabetes in which cerebrose appears in the urine in place of the ordinary form of glucose or liver-sugar. It indicates a cerebral lesion. D., English. Synonym of D. me//itus. D., Fat, a variety in which there is a tendency to obesity. D. insipidus, polyuria, a disease characterized by the excessive secretion of a urine of low specific gravity, associated with a marked degree of thirst, but without the presence of glycosuria. The urine is pale, almost colorless, and with a specific gravity but slightly above that of water, and may be voided in considerable quan- tities, even as much as fifty pints in a day. Many of the cases progressively emaciate and finally die of exhaustion. There is frequently found sôme lesion of the central nervous system, as a cerebral tumor; or the disease may be due to some lesion of the vaso-motor system of nerves. It is most frequent in males, and usually occurs between the ages of five and thirty years. D., Lean, a variety in which emaciation is marked. D. mellitus, glycosuria, a disease of the metabolic functions of the system, without gross or clearly defined anatomic lesions, manifesting itself by glycosuria, polyuria, thirst, and progressive loss of flesh and strength, with a tendency to a fatal termination. The onset is generally insidious. The urine is not so excessive as in simple polyuria, but may be as much as thirty pints in twenty- four hours. It contains glucose or grape-Sugar, varying in quantity from two to five per cent., but occasionally reaching as high as ten or twelve per cent. The specific gravity is increased to between IO40 and IO60 though it may be as low as IoIo; the quantity of urea is increased; in some cases there is an excess of the phosphates of the urine, and these cases have been termed “phosphatic diabetes.” The re- action of the urine is slightly acid; the smell sweet- ish. The emaciation is very marked and rapid, and persists notwithstanding the fact that the appetite is ravenous and the patient consumes an enormous quantity of food. Toward the end of the disease there is a failure of the mental faculties. Among the complications of diabetes may be mentioned a tuber- culous variety of pneumonia, eczema and pruritus of the skin, gangrene of the toes, albuminuria, opacity of the crystalline lens, coma, and cardiac failure. Coma occurs most frequently in the young, and is characterized by an extreme degree of dyspnea both of inspiration and of expiration ; it has been called “air hunger” by Kussmaul. No appreciable cause for the dyspnea can be found. As regards the morbid anatomy of diabetes no lesion has as yet been found. The disease occurs most commonly in young males, and in those of the gouty and neurotic diatheses. Exposure to cold, mental strain, injuries of the cerebrum, and the exces- sive use of starchy and saccharine foods, are given as exciting causes. D., Mosler's, polyuria due to the presence of too much inosit in the blood. D., Non- saccharine. Synonym of Z), insipidus. D., Pan- creatic, a variety of glycosuria associated with and probably dependent upon disease of the pancreas. D., Phloretin, that form produced in animals by the administration of phloretin. D., Phloridzin, that following the administration of phloridzin. D., Phos- DIABETIC phatic. See D. mellitus. D., Saccharine. See D. me//itus. D., True. Synonym of D. mellitus. Diabetic (di-aē-et/-ić) [6tá, through ; 8aivetv, to go]. I. Pertaining or belonging to diabetes. 2. A person suffering from diabetes. D. Cataract, an opacity of the crystalline lens sometimes found in association with and thought to be a complication of diabetes. D. Coma. See Diabetes mellitus. D. Gangrene. See Sphaceloderma, D. Sugar, C.H.O.s, a form of glucose, present in the urine of diabetes mellitus. It is identical with grape-sugar. D. Tabes, a peripheral neuritis occurring in diabetic patients, characterized by lightning-pains in the legs, loss of knee-jerk, and a loss of power in the extensors of the feet. The gait is the characteristic steppage. Diabetin (di-aē-e'-din) [6tá, through; Baivetv, to go]. The trademarked name for levulose, which is recom- mended as an innocuous and palatable sugar, and nourishing substance for diabetics. It is a white granular mass, soluble in water, and has a pure sweet taSte. Diabetometer (di-aē-e-$om/-et-er) [6taffärmº, diabetes; AuéTpov, a measure]. A polariscope for ascertaining the proportion of Sugar in diabetic urine. Diaboleptic (di-ab-o-left/-dik) [Öuá6020c, devil; Aap- flávelv, to seize]. An insane or deluded person who professes to have supernatural communications. Diabrotic (di-aē-rot/-i}) [Ötaffportkóg; Öuá, through ; 643pôokeuv, to eat]. I. Corrosive. 2. A corrosive substance. Diacatholicon (di-ak-ath-o/-ić-on) [6tá, through : kaffo- Atkóg, universal]. Formerly, a purgative compound. Diacaustic (di-ak-aws/-tić) [ótá, through; kávorakóc, caustic]. A double convex cauterizing lens. Diacele, Diacoele (di/-as-e/) [ótá, between ; Końſ), a hollow]. A term for the third ventricle or cavity of the diencephalon or interbrain. Its walls are the thalami; its floor the tuber and diaterma. Diacetic Acid (di-as-e/-tić). See Acid. Diacetin (di-asſ-et-in). [di, two; acidum, acid], C, H,- (OH)(C, H2O.). A liquid derivative of glycerin, with a bitter taste. It is also called acetidin. Diaceturia (di-as-et-u/-re-ah) [di, two; acidum, acid; oùpov, urine]. The presence of diacetic acid in the urine; it is a precursor of diabetic coma. Diachorema (di-ak-o-re/-mah) [6taxópmua, excrement]. Fecal matter; excrement. Diachoresis (di-ak-o-re/-sis) [6taxópmotg, a passing through]. Excretion or passage of feces. Diachoretic (di-ak-o-ret/-ä) [ótaxopmtikóc: Ötaxopéetv, to go through]. Laxative; aperient. Diachylon (di-a/-äſ-on) [6tá, through ; zvä66, juice]. Formerly any emollient plaster composed of the juices of herbs. D. Plaster or Ointment. See A/zemzózemz. Diacid (di-as/-īd) [di, two; acidus, acid]. In chemis- try, having an acidity of two; said of an acid or salt. Diaclasis (di-a/-/as-is) [ÓlákWaqtc., a breaking in two.]. Refraction. A breaking. Diaclast (di/-ak-ſast) [Ötakääelv, to break apart]. An instrument for penetrating and breaking up the fetal head in craniotomy. Diaclastic (di-a/-las/-tić) [6takžáelv, to break apart]. Pertaining to diaclasis. D. Amputation. See Mai- sonneuve's Amputation, in Operations, Table of Diacodion (d-a/-o-deſ-on), or Diacodium (di-ak-o-deſ- um) [ótá, through; kodelöv, of poppy-heads]. Syrup of poppies or of opium. Diaccele (di-as-e'-le), or Diacoelia (di-as-e'-le-ah). See AXiace/e. Diacope (di-a/-o-pe) [6tá, through ; koth, a cut]. A deep, incised wound, especially of the head or skull; a lengthwise fracture or cut, as of a bone. 368 DIALYSIS Diacrisis (di-aē/-ris-ás) [ótá, a part; kpivetv, to separate or secrete : £4, Z2:acrises]. I. A critical discharge. 2. A change or disorder in a secretion. 3. Any dis- ease marked by altered secretions. Diacritic, or Diacritical (di-ak-rit/-ić, di-aš-rit/-à-a/ ) [Ólákplog, a separating]. Diagnostic. Diactine (di-ak’-tin) [6ic, two; ākriç, a ray]. In bio- logy, having two rays. Diad (di/-ad). See Quantivalence. Diadelphous (dº-ad-el/-fus) [6tc, two; ádež966, brother]. In botany, applied to stamens that are arranged in two sets or brotherhoods. Diaderm (d:/-a-derm) [óic, two; 6épua, skin]. In bi- ology, a general term proposed by Minot for that essential differentiation of the segmenting ovum, char- acterized by the formation of two plates of cells, differing in character, joined at their edges and sur- rounding a segmentation-cavity; the two plates or lamina are the two primitive germ-layers, the ecto- derm and entoderm. Diadermatic, Diadermic (di-ad-er-mat/-ić, di-ad-er/- mić) [ótá, through ; 6épua, skin]. Administered through the skin. Cf. Hypodermatic. Diadexis (di-ad-ek/-sis) [Óláóēśg, metastasis]. Metas- tasis of a disease, with a change of its character; change in the seat and nature of a disease. Diaeresis (di-er’-es-is). See Dieresis. - Diageotropic (di-aj-e-o-trop/-ić) [ótá, through; yń, the earth; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, growing at right angles to the direction of gravitation. Diagnose (di-ag-nós/). See Diagnosticate. Diagnosis (di-ag-no/-sis) [Övá, apart; ) vöolc, know- ledge]. The distinguishing, fixation, or interprete. tion of a disease from its symptoms. D., Differential, the qualitative distinguishing between two diseases of similar character, by comparative symptoms. D., Direct, the recognition of a disease from the existence of one or more signs or symptoms, independently of or in relation with other symptoms, or with age, sex, physical and mental characteristics, residence or occupation, or with the family history. D. by Ex- clusion, the recognition of a disease by excluding all other known conditions. D., Physical, the application of physical methods to the study of disease. Diagnostic (di-ag-nos/-tić) [ótá, apart; Yvāotç, know- ledge]. Determining or confirming a diagnosis; ser- ving as sufficient evidence in a diagnosis. D. In- cision, an incision (as through the abdominal wall) made for diagnostic purposes. Diagnosticate (di-ag-nos/-tić-at) [Ólá, apart; Yvājaag, knowledge]. To make a diagnosis. Diagnostician (di-ag-nos-tish/-an) [Öud, through; yuágic, knowledge]. One skilled in making diagnoses. Diagometer (di-ag-om/-et-er) [Ölayoyff, transmission; puérpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the electric conductivity of bodies. Diagraph (di/-ag-raf) [ótá, thoroughly ; Ypáſpelv, to re- cord]. An apparatus for recording the outlines of crania. - Diaheliotropic (d;-a-he-le-o-trop’-ić) [ótá, through; #%toc, the sun ; tooth, a turning]. In biology, hav- ing a tendency to grow at right angles to the direction of the light. Dialdan (di-a/-dam) [di, two; aldehyd], CsPIMO. A. chemic compound prépared by allowing the mixture of aldehyd and HCl used for the preparation of aldol to stand for some time; it melts at 139° C. Dialysate (di-a/-is-āţ) [6tá, through ; %elv, to loose]. A substance that has been acted upon by dialysis. Dialysis (di-a/-is-is) [6tá, through; Āietv, to loose]. The operation of separating crystalline from colloid DIALYZED substances by means of a porous diaphragm, the former passing through the diaphragm into the pure water upon which the dialyzer rests. Dialyzed (di/-a/-īzd) [6tá, through; Wüelv, to loose]. Prepared, acted upon, or separated, by dialysis. . Dialyzer (di/-a/-īz-er) [6tá, through; Wüelv, to loose]. An apparatus for effecting dialysis; also the septum, or diaphragm of such an apparatus. Diamagnetic Bodies (dē-a-mag-net/-ić bod/-ez). Bodies not susceptible of being magnetized. Diamagnetism (di-a-mag/-net-izm) [ótá, across; Häyvnç, magnet]. The east-and-west orientation of certain substances, notably antimony, copper, and gold, when placed in the magnetic field. Diamesogamous (dà-a-me-sog/-am-us) [6tá, through; pléoog, middle ; yáplog, marriage]. In biology, applied to such flowers as are fertilized by means of the wind, water, insects, or other external agency. Diameter (di-am/-et-er) [6tá, through; piétpov, a meas- ure]. A straight line passing through the center of a body or figure, or connecting two points at opposite sides. D., Bisacromial, that between the acromial processes. D., Bisiliac, that between the iliac bones. D. Bistrochanteric, that between the two trochanters. D., Craniometric, one of several lines connecting points on opposite surfaces of the cranium. The most important craniometric diameters are the following: Auricular or Æiauricular, connecting the centers of the two external auditory meatuses; Basilo-bregmatic, that joining the basilon and the bregma; Biglenoid, that join- ing the central points of the two glenoid cavities; Bigo- niac, that joining the two gonions; Bijugal, that join- ing the two malar points; Ajugular, that joining the two jugular points; Aimalar, that joining the two malar points; Aimastoid, that joining the apices of the mastoid bones; Biparietal, that joining the pari- etal eminences; Aistephanic, see Maximum Fronta/, Attempora!, that joining the extremities of the coronal suture; Aizygomatic, that joining the most prominent points of the zygomata; Cervico-bregmatic, that joining the center of the anterior fontanel and the junction of the neck and floor of the mouth; Aºronto-mental, that joining the top of the fore- head and the point of the chin; Fronto-occipital, See Occipito-frontal; Jnial, that joining the most prominent points of the inion and glabella; Maximum Ančero-posterior, the distance from the glabella to the furthest point of the occipital bone; Maximum, Frozz- ta/, that joining the Stephanions; Maximum Occipital, that joining the two asterions; Maximum Transverse, the greatest transverse diameter of the cranium, where- ever found ; Mento-bregmatic, that joining the chin and the middle of the anterior fontanel; Mento-frontal, See Fronto-mental; Minimum Frontal, the supra-or- bital line; Occipito-frontal, that joining the root of the nose and the most prominent point of the occiput; Oc- cipito-mental, that joining the external occipital protu- berance and the chin ; Sagittal, see Basilo-bregmatic ; Stephanic, see Maximum Frontal; Sub-temporal, that joining the spheno-temporal sutures on either side of the head; Trachelo-bregmatic, see Cervico-bregmatic, Vertical Ziameter, ordinarily the distance from the basion to the bregma, or what is nearly equivalent, the distance from the basion to the point where the line through the basion at right angles to the alveolo-con- dylean plane intersects the cranial vault; but some- times the line is drawn at right angles to the foramen magnum. D., Deventer's. See Deventer. D., Pel- vic, any one of the diameters of the pelvis. The most important are the following: Antero-posterior (of pelvic inlet), that which joins the sacro-vertebral angle and the pubic symphysis; Antero-posterior (of 369 DIAPHRAGM pelvic outlet), see Coccypubic, Coccypuffic, that which joins the tip of the coccyx with the subpubic ligament; the antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic outlet; Conjugate, the antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic inlet; Conjugate, diagonal, that connecting the sacro-vertebral angle and subpubic ligament; Conjugate, external, that connecting the spine of the first sacral vertebra and the middle of the upper bor- der of the symphysis pubis; Conjugate, true, that connecting the sacro-vertebral angle and the most prominent portion of the posterior aspect of the sym- physis pubis; Oblique (of pelvic inlet), left and right, that connecting one sacro-iliac symphysis with the op- posite ilio-pectineal eminence; see also Deventer; Oblique (of pelvic outlet), that extending from the middle of the under surface of the sciatic ligament upon one side to the junction of the ischio-pubic rami on the opposite side; Sacro-pubic, see Aztero-posterior, Sacro- subpºebic, see Conjugate, diagonal, Sacro-suprapubic, that connecting the sacro-vertebral angle and the up- per portion of the symphysis pubis; Transverse (of pelvic inlet), that connecting the two most widely separated points of the pelvic inlet; Transverse (of pelvic outlet), that connecting the ischial tuberosi- tleS. te Diametroscopy (di-am-et-rosſ-ko-pe) [ótáueTpog, diame- ter; oroteiv, to inspect]. Observation or measure- ment of diameters (as of the retinal vessels). Diamid (di/-am-id). See Hydrazin. Diamin (di/-am-in). See Amin. Diamotosis (di-am-o-to/-sis) [6tá, through ; uoróg, lint]. The packing of a wound or sore with lint. Diandrous (di-an/-drus) [6ic, two ; &vñp, a man]. In biology; having two stamens. Dianoux's Operation. See Operations, Table of Diapason (di-ap-asſ-on) [ótaſtaadv, concord]. A tun- ing-fork. Diapedesis (di-ap-ed-e'-sis) [6tatíðmatc., a jumping through]. The escape of the elements of the blood, especially the white corpuscles, through the vessel- wall. Also a synonym of Hematidrosis. Diapedetic (di-ap-ed-et/-īk) [Ötatíðmatc, a jumping through]. Relating to diapedesis. Diaper (di’-ap-er) [ME., dyaper, diaper; ornamented cloth]. A napkin used as a T-bandage for infants and menstruating women. Diaphanometer (di-aſ-an-om/-et-er). See Zacroscope. Diaphanoscope (dº-aſ-an/-o-séop) [ótagjavíc, translu- cent; oroteiv, to inspect]. A form of endoscope in which the walls of the inspected cavity are rendered diaphanous by means of an intense light. Diaphanoscopy (di-of-an-osſ-ko-ſe) [Ötagavåg trans- lucent; oroteiv, to see]. The examination of cavi- ties of the body by means of an introduced incandes- cent electric light. Diaphanous (di-af’-an-us) [Ötá, through ; paivetv, to Shine]. Transmitting light; translucent. D. Test. See ZXeath. Diaphemetric (di-of-em-ef/-rié) [6tá, through ; 60%, touch; puérpov, measure]. Pertaining to measures ments of tactile sensibility. Diaphoresis (di-aſ-o-re/-sis) [6tá, apart; popéety, to carry]. Perspiration, especially perceptible perspira- tion, or that induced by medical treatment. Diaphoretic (di-aſ-or-et/-ié) [6tá, apart; popéety, to carry]. I. Causing an increase of perspiration; sudorific. 2. A medicine that induces diaphoresis. Diaphragm (d:/-afºram) [ótá, across; ºpáyua, wall]. I. The wall, muscular at the circumference and ten- dinous at the center, that separates the thorax and abdomen. The chief muscle of respiration and ex- pulsion. 2. A thin septum, such as is used in 24. l . Anterior and middle leaflet of central tendon. . Left ventricle. DIAPHRAGM dialysis. 3. In microscopy, an apparatus placed be- tween the mirror and object to regulate the amount of light that is to pass through the object. D., Central Stop, in microscopy, a diaphragm having a circular slit DIAPHRAGM, INFERIOR ASPECT. 2. Right leaflet. 3. Leſt leaflet. 4. Right crus. 5. Left crus. 6, 6. Intervals for phrenic nerves. 7. Muscular fibers, from which the ligamenta arcuata originate. 8. Muscular fibers that arise ſrom the inner surface of the six lower ribs 9. Fibers that arise from ensiform cartilage. Io. Opening for inferior vena cava. II. Opening for esophagus. I2. Aortic opening. 13, 13. Upper portion of transversalis abdominis, turned up- ward and outward I4. Anterior leaflet of transversalis aponeurosis. 15, 15. Quadratus lumborum. 16, 16. Psoas magnus. 17. Third lumbar vertebra. THE DIAPHRAGM IN ITS RELATIONS TO THE HEART AND LUNGS. 2. Right ventricle. , 3. Anterior coronary artery. 4. Ileft auricle. 5. Right auricle: 6. Superior vena cava. 7. Pulmonary artery. S. Origin of aorta. aorta. Io. Innominate artery. 11. Right carotid. 12, 12. Subclavian arteries. 13. Scălenus anticus. I4. First rib. 15. Larynx. 16. Trachea. 17, 17. Pneumogastrics. I8, 18. Phrenies. 19. Right lung. . . 20. Left lung. 21, 21. Dia- phragm. 22, 22. Seventh pair of ribs. j 370 Q. Arch of DIARRHEA just within its margin, the center remaining opaque. D. Iris, a device for changing or regulating the amount of light directed upon an object under the microscope. D. Opening. The opening in the disc or apparatus of a microscope through which the rays of light pass. It should be of about the Same size as that of the front lens of the objective. Diaphragmalgia (di-a/-rag-mal/je-ah). AXiaphragmata/gia. Diaphragmatalgia (di-aſ-rag-mat-a/-je-ah)[ótá, across; ºpáyſia, a wall; &%)og, pain]. Pain in or neuralgia of the diaphragm. Diaphragmatic (di-afºrag-mat/-ić) [ótá, across; ØpáYua, a wall. Relating to the diaphragm. D. Hernia. See Aermia. D. Pleurisy. See Pleurisy. Diaphragmatitis (di-aſ-rag-mat-i/-tis) [6tá, across; ppáyua, a wall; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the diaphragm. Diaphragmatocele (di-aſ-rag-mat/-0-sel) [6tá- See ºppayaa, diaphragm; Kºm, hernia]. Hernia through the diaphragm. -- Diaphragmitis (di-of-rag-mi'-tis). See Dia- phragmatitis. Diaphragmodynia (di-aſ-rag-mo-dim/-e-ah)[ótá- @payua, diaphragm; bºwm, pain]. Pain in the diaphragm. Diaphtherin (di-af’-ther-in) [Ötapteipelv, to destroy]. Oxychinaseptol; a coal-tar derivative composed of two molecules of oxychinolin and one of aseptol. It is a yellow powder, with a phenol-like odor. It is used as an antiseptic and bactericide in solutions vary. ing in strength from I to 50 per cent. Its chief draw- back is that it attacks silver-plated or nickel-plated instruments, turning them black. Unof. Diaphylactic (di-aſ-iſ-a/-ä) [Ötapvāaktukóg, preserving]. Same as Prophylactic. Diaphyseitis (di-aſ-iz-e-i/-tis) [0táðvoic, a dia- physis; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a diaphysis. Diaphysis (di-of/-is-is) [6tá, between ; piety, to grow]. The middle part or shaft of any long, cylindric bone, as considered apart from the apophyses and epiphyses. In biology, applied to an unusually elongated axis, as that of a flower or flower-cluster. Diaplex, or Diaplexus (di/-a/-leks, di-a/-leks/-us) [ótá, between ; plexus, a network]. The cho- roid plexus of the third ventricle or diacele. Diapophysial (di-aft-off-ic/-e-a/) [öté, apart ; âtróðvølç, an outgrowth J. Relating to a dia- pophysis. Diapophysis (di-ap-off’-is-is)[ótá, apart; itóðvotſ, an outgrowth.J. The superior or articular part of a transverse apophysis, or its homologue. Diapyema (di-ap-i-e'-ma/) [Ötatinua ; 6tá, through ; Tüov, pus: //, /Xiapyemata]. An abscess. Diapyesis (di-ap-i-e'-sis) [diaſtimatc; 6tá, through; Timotg, suppuration]. Suppuration. Diapyetic (di-ap-à-et/-īk) [Ötattv/Takóg, suppu- rating]. Promoting diapyesis or suppuration. Diarch (d/-arā) [Öic, two; āprot, rulers]. In biology, a term descriptive of radial fibro-vascular bundles having two rays. Diarrhea (di-ar-e/-ah) [ótá, through ; héetv, to flow]. An abnormal frequency of evacuation of the feces, which are watery, and sometimes acrid. D., Acute, that due to cold, or to the ingestion of improper food or chemic poisons. In severe forms it is associated with collapse, and may in rare cases be followed by death. DIARRHEA D., Acute Inflammatory, a term including the se- verer forms of the catarrhal and summer diarrheas of , children. It is characterized by griping, vomiting, and the passage of offensive, watery, brown or green- ish stools. The child in the latter stage of this dis- ease presents the same appearance as that seen in advanced tuberculous meningitis—pinched features, drowsiness, sunken and half-closed eyes, and rapid irregular pulse—and to this condition the term “spu- *ious hydrocephalus ” has been applied. Death fre- quently results from this form of diarrhea. D., Acute Summer, a term given to sudden attacks of profuse watery diarrhea occurring in children and weak adults during the prevalence of hot weather. (See Cholera infantum). D. alba. See Celiac Affection. D., Cachectic, that depending on Some diathetic disease, as syphilis, scurvy, malaria, tuberculo- sis, and carcinoma, or else on chronic intestinal catarrh. D., Choleraic, severe, acute diarrhea of any form not readily traceable to any recognized cause. D., Choleriform. Synonym of Cholera infantum. D., Chronic Inflammatory, a diarrhea of children either following an acute attack, or developing insidiously. The stools are of a dark-brown color, thin and foul, and may occasionally contain a spinach-like material. There is great emaciation and anemia, and the term “consumption of the bowels, ’’ has been given to this condition. The prognosis must be guarded. D., Chronic Tropical, Hill-diarrhea, “white ſuic,” of India, a severe form of chronic intestinal catarrh, and essentially a tropical disease. In India it develops often in those who, after dwelling in the heat of the plains, pass to the changeable temperature of the hilly country, hence the name “Ai//-diarrhea.” The stools are copious, light, and frothy; there is progress- ive failure of strength; the temperature becomes sub- normal; albuminuria and edema develop, and death results in many cases from exhaustion. D. chylosa. See Celiac Affection. D., Compensatory. See D., Vicarious. D., Dissecting-room, a severe form of diarrhea resulting from exposure to the animal efflu- via of the dissecting-room. The discharges are very fetid and may be accompanied by colicky pains, nausea and vomiting, and headache. D., Dysenteric, a form of diarrhea frequently encountered in children in temperate climates. There are tenesmus and colic, the passage of mucous and fecal stools, prolapse of the rectum, and great exhaustion. Death may result. D., Fatty, a rare form, the result of the imperfect per- formance of the pancreatic or hepatic function. D. febrilis. Synonym of Ænteritis, Pseudo-membranous. D., Fibrinous. Synonym of Ænteritis, Pseudo-mem- ðramous. D., Gelatinous. See Anteritis, Memôrazz- oats. D., Heat. See D., Summer. D., Hill. See AX., Chronic Tropical. D., Infantile, a term including various forms of diarrhea occurring in infants and young children. D., Irritative, that due to direct irritation of the intestines by improper food and drink, purgative medicines, poisons, intestinal worms, etc. D., Lienteric, a form of diarrhea com- mon in children over two years of age, and character- ized by the passage of fluid stools containing scraps of undigested food, and associated with griping pains. D., Matinal. See D., Chronic Tropical. D., Me- chanical, that due to mechanical obstruction to the portal circulation, with consequent gastro-intesti- nal hyperemia and catarrh. It is seen in cases of mi- tral lesion. D., Mucous. See Anteritis, Mem- ôranzozas. D., Nervous. See D., Zienteric. D. pituitosa. Synonym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membra- zeous. D., Secondary, symptomatic diarrhea, that Secondary to some ulcerative condition of the intes- 371 DIASTOLE tines, as in typhoid fever, tuberculosis, pyemia, etc. D., Serous, a variety in which the stools are very watery. D., Simple Catarrhal, a common variety of diarrhea occurring in infants. It is marked by watery evacuations containing feculent matter and un- digested curds. It is due to errors in diet or exposure to cold. D., Summer, an acute form due to the intense heat of summer. A synonym of the Summer Com- plaint of infants. D., Symptomatic. See D., Sec- ondary. D., Tuberculous, that form dependent upon tuberculous disease of the bowels. D. tubularis. Synonym of Ænteritis, Pseudo-membramous. D., U1- cerative, a grave form due to intestinal ulceration. -I)., Vicarious, that due to suppression or arrest of the functions of the skin, kidneys, or lungs, so that the bowels do the extra or vicarious work. It is also called Compensatory diarrhea. It is rather salutary than otherwise. Diarrheal (di-ar-e'-a') [Özá, through ; héetv, to flow]. Relating to, or of the nature of diarrhea. Diarthrodial (di-ar-thro’-de-a/) [ótá, throughout; ăp{}oooºº, articulation]. Relating to or of the nature of a diarthrosis. Diarthrosis (di-ar-thro/-sis) [6tá, throughout; tıpflood'ſ, articulation]. A form of articulation characterized by mobility. The various forms are: Arthrodia, in which the bones glide upon plane surfaces; Æmarthrosis, best known as ball-and-socket joint, with motion in all directions; Ginglymus, or hinge-joint, with backward and forward motion; and D. rotatoria, with pivotal In OVement. Diary Fever (diſ-ar-e). See Fezer. Diastaltic (di-as-ta/-tić) [6tá, apart; aré%2.Étv, to send]. Reflex; performed (as are many reflex actions) through the medium of the spinal cord. Diastase (di/-as-ſàs) [6tádragg, separation]. A nitro- genous vegetable ferment that is either contained or developed in the fermentation of grain, which acts on the molecules of starch, converting this into grape- Sugar or glucose. - Diastasemia (di-as-fas-e'-me-ah) [6tá, apart; a Tägtg, settling; alua, blood]. Acute anasarca. Diastasic, or Diastatic (di-as-ſas/-ić, or di-as-fat'-i}) [Ötáa Taag, separation]. Relating to a diastasis. D. Ferments. See Aermezz/s. Diastasis (di-as'-tas-is) [6táo Taatº, separation]. I. Luxation or dislocation. 2. The separation of an epiphysis from the body of a bone without true fracture. Diastema (di-as-fe’-mah) [ÓláaTmua, a distance ; fl., Diastemataj. A space or cleft. In biology, applied to the space between any two consecutive teeth. Diasternatelytria (di-as-femi-a/-el, it’-re-ah) [6táorm/la, fissure ; Ś%urpov, vagina]. Longitudinal and congeni- tal fissure of the vagina. Diastematochilia (di-as-ſemi-at-o-Ai//-e-ah) [Óláo Tmua, fissure; reižoç, lip]. Congenital longitudinal fissure of the lip; hare-lip. Diastematocystia (di-as-fem-a/-o-sis/-te-ah) [Óláormua, fissure; kilotic, bladder]. Congenital longitudinal fissure of the bladder. Diastematognathia (di-as-fem-aſ-os-na’-the-ah) [Ötáa- Tmua, fissure; yuábog, jaw]. Congenital longitudinal fissure of the jaw. Diastematometria (di-as-ſemi-at-o-me/-fre-a/)[ówáatmua, fissure; ſuffTpa, womb). Congenital longitudinal median fissure of the uterus. Diastematosternia (di-as-fem-at-o-sfer/-ne-a/) [ótáq- Tmua, fissure; otépwov, sternum.J. Median congenital fissure of the sternum. Diaster (di’-as-fer). See Dyaster and Karyokinesis. Diastole (d. - asſ-to-ſe) [Özaarožň, a drawing apart]. The period of dilatation of either cavity of the heart DIASTOLIC during its rhythmic cycle or beat. It is applied also to the dilatation of the arteries by the heart’s con- traction. Diastolic (di-as-ſol/-ī4) [6taotožň, a drawing apart]. Pertaining to diastole. D. Impulse, the back-stroke. D. Murmur. See Murmur. D. Thrill, the vibra- tion felt in the region of the heart during the diastole of the ventricles. - Diastrephia (di-as-fref’-e-a/.) [Özá, apart; otpépetv, to turn]. Insanity marked by acts of cruelty and by gross perversion of the moral sense. Diatactic (di-at-a/-tié) [Ötaráooeuv, to make ready]. Preparatory. D. Action, the supposed molecular establishment of unions between different brain-calls and nerve-centers preparatory to coördinated motor activity. Diatela (aſi-at-e/-/ah) [Ötá, between ; tela, a web]. The membranous roof of the diacele (third ventricle). Diaterma (di-az-er/-mah) [Özá, between ; tāpua, end]. A portion of the floor of the diacele. It has a nearly dorso-ventral direction. Diathermal or Diathermanous (di-ath-er’-mal, di- ath-er’-man-us) [6tá, through ; fláppim, heat]. Trans- parent or diaphanous to the waves of radiant heat. Diathermancy (di-ath-er/-man-se) [Öuá, through; 6épum, heat]. Permeability to rays of heat. Diathesis (di-ath/-es-is) [Ólá, through ; tı6éval, to ar- range). A state or condition of the body whereby it is especially liable to certain diseases, such as gout, cal- culus, diabetes, etc. It may be acquired or heredi- tary. D., Hemorrhagic. See Hemophilia. Diathetic (di-ath-et/-ié) [6tá, through; Tifféval, to ar- range). Relating to a diathesis. Diatom (di/-at-öm). One of the Diatomaceae, a group of microscopic Alga!. Diatomic (di-az-on/-ić) [6tc, two ; arouoc, atom]. In chemistry, consisting of two atoms; specifically applied to hydrates that have two hydrogen atoms united to the nucleus radical by oxygen. Diatomin (di-a/-o-min) [6tá, through ; Téuvetv, to cut]. The yellowish-brown coloring-matter of diatoms. It is also called Aºycoxanthin. - Diaxon (di-aks'-on) [Öic, two; āšov, axis]. In biology, having two axes. Diazo- (di-a/-zo-) [Öiç, two ; azotum, nitrogen]. In chemistry, a prefix signifying that a compound contains phenyl, CsPIs, united with a radical consisting of two nitrogen atoms. D.-acid, one of certain volatile liquids of yellow color and peculiar odor, which distil undecomposed with steam or under reduced pres- sure. They are slightly soluble in water, but mix readily with alcohol and with ether. D.-compound, in chemistry a compound containing a group consisting of phenyl (C6Hs) united with a radical consisting of two nitrogen-atoms (whence the name). D.-reac- tion or test, a urinary test, originally thought to be especially valuable in the diagnosis of enteric fever. It is not found in the urine of healthy persons. The test is made by mixing 200 parts of sulphanilic acid solution (concentrated solution in water) with Io parts of pure hydrochloric acid, and 6 parts of nitrite of sodium solution (1 : 2O0). To this mixture add an equal volume of urine with sufficient ammonia to render the whole alkaline. A bright or carmin-red denotes the reaction. See 7es/s, 7able of - Diazobenzene (di-a-zo-ben/-zèn) [dis, two; azotum, nitrogen; benzoinj. The nitrogenous body called Zyro- toxicon, 7. v. Dib [E. dial]. sheep’s leg. Dibasic (di-ba/-sik) [6tc, twice; 6&otſ, base]. two bases. D. Acids. See Acid's. The knee-pan or ankle-bone of a Having 372 DICROTIC Dibenzyl (di-ben/-zil). [dic, twice; benzoin), C.H. A compound prepared by the action of sodium upon benzyl chlorid. It crystallizes in large prisms, melt- ing at 52° C. and boiling at 284° C. Diblastic (di-blas/-tié) [Öic, double; 8%agróg, germ]. Referring to any theory of disease that ascribes it to a double agency. Dibothrium (di-both/-re-um) [L.]. A genus of ces. tode worms. D. latum. See Aothriocephalus latus. Dibromindone (dà-bro-min/-don) [6tc, double; 8pôuoc, a stench], CoH, Br,0. A compound derived from dibromcinnamic acid. It consists of orange-yellow needles, with an odor resembling that of quinone. It melts at 123°. Dicephalism (di-sef’-al-izm) [6tc, two; kepañff, head]. The condition of having two heads. Dicephalous (di-sef’-al-us) [Öic, two; kepañff, head]. Two-headed. Dicephalus (dē-sef’-al-us) [Öic, two; kepazh, a head]. A monster having two heads. Dicerous (disſ-er-us) [Öiç, two; képaç, a horn]. In biology, having two antennae. - Dichasium (di-ka/-se-um) [6ixaolc, division]. In biology, applied to a cyme having two axes. Dichastasis (di-kas'-tas-is) [6txagg, division]. In biology, spontaneous fission. Dichasteres (di-kas-deſ-rez) [ötzášetv, to divide]. An old name for the incisor teeth. Dichlamydeous (di-Adam-iº/-e-us) [6tc, two; .2%apºc, a mantle]. In biology, applied to flowers having both floral envelops. Dichogamy (di-kog/-a-me) [6txa, in two ; yáuoc, mar- riage]. In biology, a provision for cross-fertilization of flowers by the maturation of the reproductive ele- ments of the same flower at different times. Dichotomous (di-kot/-o-mus) [Öixa, in two; tāuvety, to cut]. In biology, divided, forked or having a dual arrangement. Dichroism (di'-Aro-izm) [óige double; Apóa, color]. The phenomenon of difference of color in bodies when viewed by reflected or by transmitted light. Dichromatism (di-Aro’-mat-izm). Same as Color- blindness. Dicinchonin (di-sin/-äon-in) [óic, double; cinchona), Cashiº N.O.. An alkaloid of Cinchona bark, an amorphous solid, melting at 40°C., readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Diclesium (di-Ale/-se-um) [óic, two; KWeietv, close]. In biology, an achenium having a persistent calyx or perianth. Diclinous (di-Ali/-mus) [6tc, two; Kätvm, a bed]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers. Dicochirurgea (di-Ao-ki-rer/-je-ah)...[Öt K m, justice; Aſcipovpyła, Surgery]. Forensic surgery. - Dicotoin (di-koſ-to-in) [Öic, double; Coto]. A deriva- tive of cotoin present in coto bark. * Dicotyledon (di-Kot-iſ-e'-don) [Öiç, two; Korvåmóów, a cavity]. In biology, a term introduced by J. Ray in 1682, for a plant whose embryo has two seed-leaves or cotyledons. Dicranous (di-Ara/-nus) [0 tºp a vog, two-headed]. Dicephalous. Dicranus (di-Ara/-mus) [Öic, double; Kpávov, head]. A dicephalous monster. - Dicrotic (di-krot/-ić)[Öikporog, double beating]. Having a double beat. D. Pulse, a term applied to a pulse that imparts the sensation of a double beat at each pulsation. D. Wave, the wave of recoil, or the second smaller ascending wave of the sphygmographic tracing. It is generated by closure of the aortic valves. DICROTISM Dicrotism (di'-Aro-tizm). [Öikpotoc, a double-beat]. The quality of being dicrotic. A condition of the pulse in which with every wave there is given to the finger of the examiner the sensation of two beats. It is present when the arterial tension is low. The second shock is due to the recoil of the arterial walls when the aortic valves are closed. Dictyitis (dik-te-i/-tis) [6ücrvov, net, retina]. Retinitis. Dictyopsia (diº-te-op’-se-a/) [6tºrvov, net; jihug, view]. The sensation as if a net were stretched before the eyes. Dicyanogen (di-si-an/-o-jen) [Öiç, double; cyanogen ], NC.CN. Free cyanogen; a colorless, poisonous gas of peculiar odor, and specific gravity 26 (H=1). It may be condensed to a mobile liquid by cold of −25° C., or by a pressure of four atmospheres at ordinary temperatures. In this condition it has a specific gravity of .566, solidifies at —34° C. to a crystalline mass and boils at —21°C. It burns with a bluish- purple mantled flame. - Didactic (di-dań/-tić) [Ötöaktukóc, apt at teaching]. Teaching by description, rules, or principles; opposed to clinical. Didactylism (di-dań/-fi/-īzm) [óic, double; dākrvºog, a finger]. The condition of having congenitally but two digits on a hand or foot. Diday's Operation. See Operations, Table of Didot's Operation. See Operations, Table of Diduction (di-duk/-shun) [diducere, to draw apart]. Abduction of two parts; the withdrawal of a part. Didymalgia (did-e-ma/-je-ah) [Öióvuoc, testicle; &Ayoc, pain]. Pain in a testicle, - Didymitis (did-e-mi'-tis) flammation]. the testicle. *, Didymium (di-dim/-e-um) [Ólövuoc, twinj. A rare metal of grayish or yellow color. See Elements, Table of. Didymous (did/-im-us) [Ötövuoc, twin]. a pair, or in pairs. Didymus (did/-im-us) [Ötövuoc, twin]. twin-monstrosity; a testis. Didynamous (di-din/-am-us)[Öig, two; 6üvapug, power]. In biology, having the stamens in two pairs, one longer than the other. . Die (di) [ME., dien]. To cease to live; to become dead. w Diecious (di-e'-shus) [Öic, two ; olrog, house]. In bi- ology, having the two sexes in different individuals, or in two households, as staminate and pistillate flowers separate and on separate plants. Dieffenbach’s Operation. See Operations, Table of Dielectric (di-e-leå/-trić) [ótá, through ; 7% exppov, amber]. non-conducting substance that transmits electricity by induction. Dielectrics (di-e-leå/-driás) [ótá, through ; #28kTpov, amber]. The property of certain substances to per- mit an inductive electric influence to act through or across them. Dielectrolysis (di-e-le&-tro/-is-is) [ótá, through; jżek- Tpov, electricity; Wüelv, to dissolve]. Galvanic elec- trolysis of a compound, the current passing at the same time through a diseased portion of the body and carrying one of the elements of the compound with it. Dien (di/- en). [6tá, through ; Śyképañoſ, brain]. A contraction of diencephalom. Diencephal (di-en’-seſ-al). Same as Diencephalon. Diencephalon (di-en-sef’-al-on) [Ólá, between ; Śyképa- Åog, brain]. Thalamencephalon. Between - brain. That part of the brain between the prosencephalon and the mesencephalon. It includes the thalami and the third ventricle. Dieresis (di-er/-es-is) [6taipeout, a division]. Ötövuog, a testicle; trug, in- Orchitis affecting mainly the body of Arranged in A. twin; a. A solu- 373 DIFFICULTAS INTESTINORUM tion of continuity, as a wound, ulceration, etc. In biology, the division of the outer branch of the pos- terior or caudal pleopod of a crustacean. (Bate). Dieretic (di-er-et/-ié) [6taipéetv, to divide]. Destruc- tive; escharotic ; corrosive. Dies and Counter-dies. Metallic casts obtained by molding in sand or dipping in molten zinc and lead, or other alloys, such as Babbitt metal, and which are used for stamping up dental plates; they are generally described as male and female castings, between which the plate is swaged. Diesel’s Test. See Tests, Zable of. Diet (di/-et) [6tatra, a system or mode of living]. I. An arranged selection of food necessary to meet the needs of the body. 2. To regulate the amount and character of the food ingested. D.-drink, a medi- cated drink, or beverage. D., Lisbon, a draught much resembling the compound tincture of Sarsaparilla. D., Milk, one consisting mainly of milk. D., Tuff- nell’s, a highly nutritious diet including but a small amount of liquids, employed in the treatment of internal aneurysms. Dietarian (di-et-a/-re-an) [6tatra, a system or mode of living]. A physician who pays special attention to matters of diet. Dietary (di/-et-a-re) [6tatra, a system or mode of living]. A system of food-regulation intended to meet the requirements of the animal economy. Dietetic (di-et-et/-īk) [6tatra, a system or mode of living]. Pertaining to diet. Dietetics (di-et-et/-iks) [6tatra, a system or mode of living]. The science of the systematic regulation of the diet for hygienic or therapeutic purposes. Dietetist (di-et-et/-ist) [Öiatra, a system or mode of living]. One who is expert in questions of diet; a dietarian. Diethylamin (di-eth-i/-am-in)[6íc,double; ethyl, amin), NC, Hu. A ptomaine, obtained from the pike-fish when allowed to putrefy for six days in summer. It is an inflammable liquid of strong basic properties, soluble in water, and boiling at 57.5°C. It is non-poisonous. Dietic (di-et/-īk) [óiatra, a system or mode of living]. Same as Dietetic. D. Diseases, those caused by errors of diet. Difference-Theory (dif'-er-ens). A theory in explan- ation of the galvanic phenomena of living tissues. The theory is an expression of these facts: Protoplasm when injured or excited in its continuity becomes negative to the uninjured part; when heated it becomes positive; and the surface-polarization diminishes with excitement and in the process of dying. It is also called Alteration-theory (Hermann). Differential (diſ-er-en’-shal) [differentia, difference]. Pertaining to or creating a difference. D. Diagno- sis. See Diagnosis. D. Rheotome. See Rheo- tome. D. Tone, a tone produced by two primary tones when sounding simultaneously; the number of the vibrations corresponds to the difference between the two primary tones. D. Staining, a method of staining tubercle-bacilli, syphilis-bacilli, etc., founded upon the fact that if deeply-colored, and especially with a mordant, they retain the color in the presence of certain reagents that decolorize the surrounding tis- sues. Koch, Ehrlich and Weigert, Ziehl and Neel- son, Fütterer, Gibbes, etc., have devised various methods of differential staining. Differentiation (diſ-er-en-she-a/-shum) [differentia, dif- ference]. Specialization of tissues, organs, or func- tions. The gradual change of homogeneous material into special tissues or organs. Difficultas intestinorum (difié-u/-fas in-tes-tin-or’. tem) [L.]. Synonym of Dysenfeºy. DIFFRACTION Diffraction (diſ-raž/-shun). [dis, apart; fractus, bro- ken]. The deflection suffered by a ray of light when it passes through a narrow slit or aperture. D. Grat- ing, a strip of glass closely ruled with fine lines; it is often used in the spectroscope in the place of the bat- tery of prisms. g Diffuse (diſ-us/) [de, apart; fundere, to pour over]. Scattered or spread about. In medicine, applied to diseases that involve a large part of the body. D. Aneurysm, one caused by a rupture of the walls of a blood-vessel. D. Cerebral Sclerosis. See Schero- sis. D. Inflammation. See /n/ſa/m/nation. Diffusible (diſ-u/-zib-2) [dis, away; /undere, to pour]. Susceptible of being rapidly diffused throughout the system; applied to certain quickly-acting stimulants, usually of transient effect. Diffusion (diſ-w/-2/ium) [diffundere, to spread]. A spreading or dissemination. D., Anodal, same as Catap/loresis. D.-circle, the imperfect image formed by incomplete focalization, the position of the true focus not having been reached or else having been passed. Digastric (aft-gas/-trić) [Óig, double; Yao Túp, belly]. Having two bellies. D. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. D. Triangle. See Triangles, 7able of Digenesis (di-jen/-es-is) [Öic, two ; Yévêqug, generation]. In biology, the alternation of sexual and asexual gen- eratlon. - Digenous (diff’-en-us) [Öiç, two; yévog, sex]. In biol- ogy, pertaining to both sexes, or originating from opposite sexes. - Digerent (dj/-er-ent) [digerere, to digest]. A digest- ant; also a medicine that excites the secretion of pus in wounds. - Digestant (di-jest/-ant) [digerere, to digest]. I. A body or substance that effects solution of the food in the mouth, stomach, and intestines. 2. A remedy for indigestion. Digestibility (di-ſes-fib-i/-it-e) [digestibilis, that can be digested]. Susceptibility of being digested. Digestible (diyesſ/-iö-/) [digestibilis, that can be di- gested]. Capable of being digested. Digestio Difficilis (di-jes/-che-o dif-ić'-il-is) [L.]. Syn- onym of Dyspepsia. Digestion (disjes/-chum) [digerere, to digest]. In bi- ology, that process whereby the food taken into an organism is made fit to become part thereof. , D., Artificial, the production of peptones outside of the body. D., Primary, gastro-intestinal digestion. D., Secondary, the assimilation by the body-cells of their appropriate pabulum. Digestive (di-jes/-tiv) [digerere, to digest]. I. Relat- ing to or favoring digestion. 2. An agent that pro- motes digestion. 3. Pertaining to the process of digestion. D. Apparatus, the organs of digestion considered collectively. D. Tract, the whole aliment- ary canal from the mouth to the anus. See Zllustra- tion. Digit (diſ-it) [digitus, a finger]. A finger or toe. Digital (diſ-if-al) [digitus, a finger]. Pertaining to the fingers or toes. D. Arteries, the arteries of the hands and feet supplying the digits. See Arteries, Zable of D. Compression, the stoppage of a flow of blood by pressure with the finger. D. Dilatation, the enlarg- ing of a cavity by means of the finger. D. Examina- tion, examination or exploration with the finger. D. Nerves, the nerves of the hands and feet. D. Pha- langes, the bones of the fingers or of the toes. Digitalein (diſ-it-a/-/e-in) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. One of the constituents of digitalis. Digitalin (diſ-it-a/-/in) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. I. Digita/inum (U. S. P.); C, H2O, (?), the 374 ſ l amºśft|} Gall -*** Çift ſ º § |D . Pladder ſ Ǻgº. º DIGITI MORTUI active principle of Digitalis purpurea, g. v. Dose gr. tº-sº. 2. A precipitate from a tincture of Digitalis purpurea. Unof. Besides the foregoing there are various commercial preparations known by this name. Digitalis (dēj-it-a/-lis) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. Foxglove. The leaves of D. purpurea. It contains an amorphous complex substance, digitalin, that does not, however, represent the full properties of the leaves. It is a cardiac stimulant and excito- motor, and in large doses causes severe gastric dis- turbance. It is employed mainly in affections of the heart when the latter is rapid and feeble. Dose of the leaves gr. SS—iij. D. abstractum, strength twice that of digitalis itself. Unof. Dose gr. }{—ij. D., Ext., leaves yield 25 per cent, of extract. Dose gr. 96-7%. D., Ext., Fld., strength IOO per cent. Dose muj-iij. D. infusum, I }% per cent, in strength. Dose 3 SS-j. D., Tinct., 15 per cent. Dose my–3.j. See Digita/in. Digitalose (diſ-it-a/-62/) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. A white crystalline constituent of digitalis. . ..Salzzazz. A.-ſº #;" -----Y -& Trac/ ear--------J---- f gſºM à Š ſº % III, º º - : ſ h §|| | - a *.*** º (y & NYºº ańº #} Spleent. ºf ſº 3. | * * Ç s ºº::/ s W # iſºpancreas ºl. º-sº:=z_2 2/ * - 2^ 2% Aft ſ A}/ sº & A Duodent tem." ANY-N-Lacteals Lazºre Jºstestint Permiform Appendix--- ſ GENERAL SCHEME OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, WITH THE CHIEF GLAND's OPENING INTO IT ; TOGETHER WITH THE LACTEALs ARISING FROM THE INTESTINE AND JOINING THE THoRAcic DUCT. (Landois.) - Digitate (diſ-it-at) [digitus, finger]. In biology, hav- ing finger-like divisions, as when the leaflets of a compound leaf are all borne on the apex of the petiole. Digitation (diſ-it-a/-shun) [digitatus, having digits]. Å serration; a finger-like process, or a succession of such processes. e Digiten (diſ-it-em) [digitus, a finger]. Belonging to a digit in itself. Digiti mortui (diſ-it-i mor/-tº-:) [L.]. Dead. fingers; a cold and white state of the fingers, seen in DIGITIGRADE , some hysterical women, and in certain types of insan- ity. It is a manifestation of some vaso-motor disorder. Digitigrade (dij/-it-ig-rád) [digiºus, finger; gradi, to walk]. In biology, walking on the toes. - Digitonin (diſ-it-o-min/) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers], Cal Hg,017. A white, amorphous mass ob- tained from digitalis. It is easily soluble in water, slightly so in alcohol; insoluble in ether and chloro- form. Digitoxin (diſ-it-oks/-īn) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers; toxicum, poison], Col.FIº91, or C12H52O34. A highly poisonous alkaloid from Digitalis purpurea. Its effects are little understood. Its action is cumulative. Unof. Digitule (dig/-it-al) [digitulus, a little digit]. A little finger, toe, or claw; a small organ or prominence resembling a digit. Digitus (dij/-it-us) [L.]. A finger or toe. Diglossia (di-glosſ-e-ah) [Öic, double; Yºgoa, tongue]. The condition of having a double tongue. Digoneutic (di-go-mu’-tié) [Öic, two; yovoc, offspring]. In biology, producing two broods a year. Digonoporous (di-go-nop/-or-us) [Óig, two; yovog, off. spring; Tópoç, pore]. In biology, having the genital pores separate. Digyn (di/-jin) [Öic, two; yová, woman]. having two pistils. Dihydrolutidin (di-hi-dro-ſu/-täd-in) ... [Öic, double; ióop, water], C, HiiN. One of the alkaloids of cod- liver oil. See Morrhaeolins. Dihysteria (di-his-te-re-a/) [Óig, double; iotépa, the womb). The presence of a double womb. Dilaceratio cataractae (di-las-er-a'-she-o Áat-ar-ak/-te) L.T. See Di/aceration. *~ Dilaceration (di-las-er-a/-shum) [dilaceratio, a tearing apart]. A tearing apart; division of a membranous cataract by a tearing operation. Dilatatio cordis (di-lat-a/-she-o Áor/-dis) [L.]. tation of the heart. Dilatation (di-lat-a/-shun) [dilatare, to spread out]. I. An increase in the size of a cavity or of the lumen of a vessel; expansion of an organ without hypertrophy. 2. Surgical stretching out of the walls of a hollow organ. D. of Blood-vessel. See Zelangiectasis. D. of Heart, an increase in the size of one or more of the cavities of the heart, arising from a relaxation or weakening of the heart-muscle. It is associated with evidences of failure of circulation, resulting in conges- tion of the lungs and other viscera and tissues. Dilatator (di-lat-a/ -for). See Dilator. Dilator (di-la/-tor) [dilatare, to spread out]. An instru- ment for stretching or enlarging a cavity or opening; also, a dilating muscle. See Muscles, Zable of D., Barnes’, an instrument for dilatation of the os and cer- vix uteri, consisting of a rubber bag, which, when in- serted, is distended with water, D., Intra-uterine, for dilating the uterine cavity by means of air or water. D., Laryngeal, an instrument with two or three blades that may be separated, for freeing or dilating the larynx. Dilemma (di-lem/-ah) [Öižmupua; 6ic, double; Añupia, proposition]. In experiments to determine the reac- tion-time of psychic processes, if the person is told which side is to be stimulated, or what colored disc is to be presented, etc., the time is shorter. Lack of such foreknowledge is called the dilemma. Dill (di/). See Amethum. Dilmaisch Disease. See Disease. Diluent (di/-u-ent) [diluere, to wash away]. An agent that dilutes the secretions of an organ, or that increases the fluidity of secretions. Dilution (di-lu'-shun) [diſuere, to wash away]. I. The process of mixing with a neutral fluid or substance, in In biology, Dila- 375 DIOPTOMETRY order to attenuate. 2. A diluted substance; the result of a diluting process. Dilutionist (di-ſu/-shun-ist) [di/uere, to wash away]. One who advocates the dilution of medicines. D., High, a homeopathist who advocates the extreme at- tenuation of medicines. Dimerosomatous (dim-er-o-som/-at-us) [6tc, two; ué- pog, a part; Göua, body]. In biology, applied to animals, as spiders, that have the body divided into two regions, cephalo-thorax and abdomen. Dimerous (dim’-er-us) [Öiç, two; uépog, a part]. In biology, bipartite. Dimethyl Ketone. See Acetone. Dimethylamin (di-meth-i/-am-in) [6tc, two; methyl, amin J, NC, H. A non-toxic ptomaine found in putre- fying gelatin, old decomposing yeast, certain varieties of fish-decomposition, etc. Dimethylarsin (di-meth-i/-ar/-sin). Dimethylphenylene-green. See Cacodyl. See Pigments, Conspec- tus of. Dimetria (di-me/-tre-ah) [Öic, double ; uſ, Tpa, the womb. The condition of having a double womb. Dimidiate (di-mid/-e-āt) [di, apart; medius, middle]. In biology, divided into halves, or represented by one half only ; one-sided. Applied to an anther whose lobes are widely separated by a broad connective, or to animals that are male on one side and female on the other. Diminished Breathing. See Breath-sounds. Dimorphism (di-morf/-īzm) [Öiç, double; uopºff, form]. The property of assuming or of existing under two distinct forms. Dimorphous (di-morf’-us) [6tc, double; uopºff, form]. In chemistry, having the quality of two forms of crystallization. In biology, existing in two forms, as individuals of the same species that differ in form, structure, size, or color. Dimple (dim/-p/) [AS., dynt]. Dingee (din/-ge). Synonym of Dengue. Dingler's Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Dinic, Dinical (din/-ić, or din/-ić-al) [Öivog, whirl]. Pertaining to or useful in the relief of vertigo. Dinitrobenzene (di-ni-tro-ben/-2én) [di, two ; mitrum, niter; benzenej, CsPI,(NO,). One of the ingredients of Roburite, q.v. Dinner Pills. A name applied to various mild cathartic pills taken after meals. See Lady Webster Pill. Dinomania (din-o-ma/-ne-ah) [Öivoc, a whirling dance; Lavía, mania]. Dancing-mania. Choromania, g. v. Dinus (di/-nus) [Öivoc, whirl]. Vertigo or dizziness. Dioecious (di-e'-shus). See Diecious. Diogenes' Cup. See Poculum diogenis. A slight depression. Diogmus (di-og/-mus) [Öuoyaôg, a chase]. Palpitation of the heart. Dionaba (di-o-me/-ah) [Atóvn, Dione]. A genus of plants. D. muscipula, a plant of the Sundew family, growing in the Carolinas; Venus's fly-trap. It cap- tures and feeds upon various insects, and is said to contain droserin and azerin, the same digestive fer- ments that occur in Drosera, q.v. Unof. Dionym (di’-o-nim) [óic, two ; ovvua, name]. A name consisting of two words, as medulla oblongata, corpus cal/oszem. Diophthalmus (di-off-ſha/-mus). See Piprosopies. Diopsimeter (di-of-sim/-et-er) [6topic, clear vision; puérpov, a measure]. An instrument for exploration of the visual field. Diopter (di-op/-ter). See Dioptry. Dioptometer (di-of-tom/-et-er). Same as Optometer. Dioptometry (di-of-tom/ º [Ötottàp, a watchman ; uérpov, a measure]. The measurement of the accom- modative and refractive states of the eye. DIOPTRAL 376 Dioptral (di-op/-tral) [60ttàp, a watchman]. Pertain- ing to a dioptry; expressed in dioptrics. Dioptre (di-op/-ter). See Dioptry. Dioptric (di-op'-trik) [6tá, through; 5 peoffat, to see]. I. Pertaining to transmitted and refracted light. 2. A dioptry. - Dioptrics (dº-op'-triks) [6tá, through; 6 peoffat, to see]. A branch of optics treating of the refraction of light by transparent media, especially by the media of the eye. Dioptry (di-op'-tre) [6tá, through; 5 peoffat, to see]. The most commonly accepted unit of measurement for optic lenses. A positive (or plus) spherical (bi- convex) lens of one dioptry has a focal distance of one meter; one of two dioptries, a focal distance of one- half a meter, etc. See Zenses, and Spectacle-lenses. Diorthosis (di-or/-tho-sis) [6tá, throughout; 6p66etv, to straighten]. The surgical correction of a deformity, or repair of an injury done to a limb. Diorthotic (di-or-thot'-ić) [ótá, throughout; bp66etv, to straighten]. Relating to or effecting a diorthosis. Dioscorea (di-os-Ao’-re-ah) [Dioscorides, a famous Greek physician and botanist]. Wild Yam, Colic Root. The rhizome of D. villosa, a creeping-plant, indigenous to the eastern U. S. It is claimed to be ex- pectorant, diaphoretic, and stimulant to the intestinal canal, in large doses causing neuralgic pains and erotic excitement. It is used successfully for bilious colic. D., Fld. Ext., of standard strength, dose muxv-xxx. Unof. Dioscorein (di-os-Ao’-re-in) [Dioscorides, a Greek bot- anist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Dioscorea villosa. It is antispasmodic, expectorant, and diaphoretic. Dose J4 to 4 grains. Unof. Diosma (di-oz/-mah) [Öiog, divine; bouff, odor]. Buchu. See Aay-osma. Diosmin (di-oz/-min) [Öioç, divine; bagh, odor]. An active principle obtained from various species of Buchu. It is an amorphous, bitter substance. Unof. Diosmosis (di-os-mo/-sis). Same as Osmosis. Diotic (di-o/-ić) [Óig, two; obg, Öróg, ear]. Binaural; pertaining to both ears. Dioxid (di-oks/-īd) [Öic, two; 6$vç, sharp]. An oxid containing two atoms of oxygen and one of a metal. Dipentene §. -áēn), Ciołł16. Cineme ; a compound produced by heating pinene, camphor, and limonene to 250–300° C. It is present in the Russian and Swedish turpentine oil. It is a liquid with an agree- able lemon-like odor; sp. gr. O.853; boils at I75– 176° C. Dipetalous (di-pet/-al-us) [Öiç, two; Térahov, a leaf J. In biology, two-petaled. Diphenyl (diſen/-il) [6ic, two; joiviš, purple-red], Cº- Hio. A hydrocarbon resulting from the action of sodium upon the solution of brom-benzene in ether or benzene. It is also present in coal-tar. It crystallizes from alcohol and ether in large colorless leaflets, melting at 71°C., and boiling at 254°C. D.-methane, ClaRIlg. Benzyl benzene ; a hydrocarbon obtained from benzyl chlorid and benzene. It is easily soluble in alcohol and ether, possesses the odor of oranges, crystallizes in needles, melts at 26.5°C., and boils at 262° C. Diphenylamin (diſ-en-il'-am-in) [diphenyl, amin), C.H., N. A compound produced in the dry distilla- tion of triphenyl rosanilin (Rosanilin blue); it is also prepared by heating anilin hydrochlorid and anilin to 240°. It is a pleasant-smelling, crystalline compound, melting at 54° and boiling at 310°. It is almost in- soluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol and ether. It serves in the preparation of various dye- stuffs. D. Orange. See Pigments, Conspec/us of Diphenylol (disſen/-il-o/), CiºłI10O. Oxy-diphenyl; DIPHYCERCAL obtained by diazotizing amido-diphenyl sulphate. It sublimes in Shining leaflets, melting at 165° C., and boiling at 305.8° C. Diphosphatid (di-fosſ-fat-id) [di, twice; phosphorus]. Any phosphatid containing the phosphorized radical twice (such as assurin). Diphosphatids exist in the brain-substance and in other animal tissues. Diphtheria (diſ-, or dip-the-re-ah) [600epa, a skin or membrane]. An acute, epidemic, infectious disease, generally regarded as of specific contagious origin, attacking especially the mucous membrane of the air- passages, and producing profound depression of the vital forces., . It is characterized specifically by the formation of layers of whitish or yellowish membrane upon the mucous membrane of the pharynx, nose, and larynx, and upon any existing cutaneous abrasion. The duration of the disease is from one to two weeks, death, when it follows, occurring usually within a week. There are certain grave sequelae that must be noted; chief among these are various forms of paralysis, especially of the palate. The prognosis is always grave. To stain the microörgan- isms of diphtheria see Zöffler’s Method, Gram’s Method-a fragment of false membrane being spread on a cover-glass, dried, and otherwise treated as a cover-glass preparation. D., Antitoxin Treatment of, the treatment of diphtheria with subcutaneous in- jections of the blood-serum of animals, and more es- pecially the horse, rendered immune to diphtheria by previous and repeated inoculation with progressively increasing doses of the toxic products of the bacillus diphtheriae. D. circumscripta, a peculiar form of diphtheria described by Barrett, in which a distinct circumscribed slough appears on one tonsil, and death often results. D., Cutaneous, a form involving abra- sions of the skin. D., Gangrenous, a gangrene of the skin and mucous membrane sometimes accompany- ing diphtheria. D., Laryngeal, a form involving the larynx, threatening death by suffocation. D., Malig- nant, a very fatal form, beginning with rigor, vomit- ing, and attended with typhoid symptoms. D., Nasal, a form in which the diphtheritic membrane spreads to the nasal passages, and is accompanied by a fetid, brown discharge. D., Secondary, a term designating the occurrence of the disease in association with other acute affections, such as typhoid fever, scarlatina, etc. D., Paraffin Treatment of, the membrane is scraped or peeled off, and paraffin is applied to the raw surface every hour by means of a large camel's-hair brush. Diphtheric (dif-ther/-i}) [Öipflepa, a skin or mem- brane]. Pertaining to diphtheria. D. Conjuncti- vitis, a form of conjunctivitis attended with an infil- tration of coagulable matter or inflammatory products. D. Membrane, the pellicle forming on the parts involved in the diphtheric process. D. Paralysis, a paralysis frequently affecting the muscles of the soft palate and larynx, after the healing of the lesions of these parts. Diphtheritic (dif-ther-iº/-ić) [Ötºffspa, a skin or mem- brane], Same as Diphtheric, q.v. Diphtheritis (diſºther-i/-tis). See Diphtheria. Diphtheroid (dif'-ther-oid) [Öiq6epa, a skin or mem- brane]. Resembling diphtheria. D. Throat. Syn- onym of Herpetic Tonsilitis. Diphthongia (dif-thon/-je-ah) [Öic, double ; q66))og, a voice]. The production of a double tone of the voice by the incomplete unilateral paralysis of the re- current nerve, or by some lesion of the vocal bands that causes each portion of the glottis to produce its own sound. Diphycercal (diſ-à-ser/-kal) [Óðvág, double; képkoç, tail]. In biology, applied to fishes that have the DIPHYGENIC caudal fin-rays arranged equally above and below the extremity of the spinal column. Diphygenic (diſ-à-gen/-ić) [óðvág, of a two-fold nature or form; Yevvāv, to produce]. In biology, producing successively two sorts of embryos. Diphyllous (diºſiſ/-us) [Öic, two ; £6%0v, leaf). In biology, composed of two leaves or sepals. Diphyodont (dif'-e-o-dònt) [Öupwhº, twofold; Öóoig, tooth]. In biology, having two sets of teeth, as the milk-teeth and the permanent teeth. Diplacusis (dip-lak-u/-sis) [6ttà60g, double; dicovolc, hearing]. I. The hearing of a tone as higher by one ear than by the other; called D. binauralis. 2. The hearing of two tones by one ear, when only one tone is produced; called D. uniauralis, or D. monauricz- /aris. Diplanetic (di-plan-et/-īk) [Öic, twice; tāavmtéc, wan- dering]. In biology, applied to organisms that are twice active with an intervening period of qui- €SCenCe. Diplastic (di-plas/-tié) [óic, two; Tāāooeuv, to form]. A term applied to cells having two substances in their constitution. Diplegia (di-ple/-je-ah) [Öiç, double; tāmyń, stroke]. Coincident paralysis of two corresponding parts, as of the two arms. Double or bilateral hemiplegia. Diplegic (di-ple/-jić) [óic, double; tāmyń, stroke]. Re- lating to or of the nature of diplegia. Dipleuric (di-plu/-rik) [Öic, two; Thevpá, side]. In biology, bilaterally symmetric. Diplococcus (dip-lo-kok/-us) [Öttàóog, double; Kókkoç, kernel]. A micrococcus whose spherules are joined two and two. See Micrococcus and Bacteria. Diplocoria (dip-lo-Ao’-re-ah) [Öttàóoç, double ; kópm, pupil]. That state in which the pupil is double. Diploë (dip/-lo-e) [Öttà0%, a fold]. The lacunar osse- ous tissue between the tables of the skull. Diploëtic (dip-lo-et/-īk) [6ttàoff, a fold]. Relating to the diploë ; diploic. Diplogenesis (diº-lo-jen’-es-is) [6ttà60ſ, double; yéveog, production]. The development of a double or twin monstrosity. - Diploic (dip-lo/-ić) [óttàoff, a fold]. Pertaining to the diploé. - - - Diploma (dip-lo'-mah) [Öithoua, a diploma]. A doc- ument granted by an authorized body of men, show- ing that the recipient has performed certain work under the prescribed conditions, and is entitled to a definite professional rank and title. Diplomyelia (dip-lo-mi-e'-le-ah) [6tt?60ſ, double; plve?óg, marrow]. An apparent doubleness of the spinal cord, produced by a longitudinal fissure. Diplophony (dip-loff’-o-me) [Ött?.60ſ, double; pová, voice]. Same as Diphthongia, Diplophonia (dip-losſo'-ne-ah) [Ötzt?óog, double; pová, voice]. A rare symptom of laryngeal disease in which a double note is produced in the larynx. It is stated by Gottstein to occur in some cases of paraly- sis, or when a small tumor is situated so that on pho- nation it lies between the vocal bands. Cf. Diph- thongia. Diplopia (dip-lo'-pe-ah) [óttà60ſ, double; biplc, sight]. Double vision, one object being seen by the eye or eyes as two. D., Binocular, the most frequent, is due to a derangement of the muscular balance, the images of the object being thereby thrown upon non-identical points of the retinae. D., Crossed, or D., Heter- onymous, the result of divergent strabismus, the image of the right eye appearing upon the left side, and that of the left eye upon the right side. D., Direct, or D., Homonymous, the reverse of Crossed D., due either to paralysis of the external rectus or 377 DIPSOSIS over-action of the internal rectus. D., Physiologic, that produced when an imperfect image is seen beyond or within the distance of the object accommodated for and transfixed by the visual axes. D., Monocular, or D., Uniocular, diplopia with a single eye, usually due to polycoria or other imperfections of the media. Diplopic (dip-lo/-pić) [Öttà60ſ, double ; Śiptſ, sight]. Relating to or affected with diplopia. Diplopiometer (dip-lo-pe-om/-et-er) [Ött?60ſ, double; ôpig, sight; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of double vision. Diploplacula (dip-lo-plał/-u-lah) [óttà60¢, double; T26;, a tablet or plate]. In biology, a placula or discoid embryo composed of two layers of cells. Diplostemonous (dip-ſo-stem/-o-mus) [6tt?60ſ, double; arhuſov, a thread]. In biology, applied to a flower in which the stamens are double the number of sepals and etals. Diºratography (dip-ſo-ter-at-og/-ra-ſe) [6tt?60c, double; tāpag, a monster; Ypágetv, to write]. A term used by Fisher to denote the description and diagnosis of special forms of double monsters. Diploteratology (dip-ſo-ter-at-o/-o-je) [óttà60ç, double; Tépaç, a monster; 2.6)0g, science]. The science of twin monstrosities. Dippel's Animal Oil. Oleum cornu cervi; a pyrolig- neous oil, containing ammonium carbonate, amins, and aromatic compounds. It is obtained in distilling bone and deer's horn. It is antispasmodic and stimu- lant. Unof. Dipropargyl (di-pro-par/-jil), CsPIs. One of the hydro- carbons; a mobile liquid, of penetrating odor, isomeric with benzene; it boils at 85°C.; its specific gravity at 18°C. equalso.81. If allowed to stand or if heat be ap- plied to it, dipropargyl polymerizes and becomes thick and resinous. Diprosopia (di-pro-so/-fe-ah) [Öic, double ; Tpóooſtov, face]. In teratology, the duplication of the face. Diprosopus (di-pros’-o-fus) [6tc, double ; Tpógoſtov, face]. A monster characterized by a duplicity of the face and head, frequently associated with hydroceph- alus, acrania, defective development of the brain, and spina bifida. The diprosopi have been classified as follows: I. Diprosopus diophthalmzes. 2. D. dis- tornus. “Fisher has described the first case of dipro- sopus diophthalmus, or distornus, reported in English.” There was anencephalus, a broad duplex nose, two mouths, one oral cavity, two tongues. 3. D. Arioſ/- thalmus. In this variety there are three eyes, often with other deformities of the face and head, such as acrania, hare-lip, and cleft-palate. 4. D. ſe/rophtha/- mus. In this variety the differentiation of the two faces is further advanced, but there are still but two ears. There are present four eyes. 5. D. trioſus. In this variety there are usually four eyes and always three ears. 6. D. tetrotus. In this variety, the intermediate stage between diprosopus and dicephalus, there are four eyes and four ears, with considerable duplicity in the cervical region. This is an extremely rare condi- tion in the human race. Dipsesis (dip-se/-sis) [ótipjoig, thirst]. Extreme thirst. Dipsetic (dip-set/-ić) [ÖtipmTukóc, causing thirst]. Caus- ing or attended with thirst, Dipsomania (dip-so-ma/-ne-ah) [ótipa, thirst ; plavia, madness]. The uncontrollable desire for spirituous liquors. This is generally considered as a disease. Dipsomaniac (dip-so-ma/-ne-ak) [Öfilia, thirst; ſtavſa, madness]. A person affected with dipsomania. Dipsopathy (diſ-sop/-a-the) [Óñpa, thirst; Táboç, affec- tion]. Any disease depending upon or related to alcoholic excess. Dipsosis (dip-so/-sis). See Dipsesis. DIPTEROCARPUS Dipterocarpus (dºg-ſer-o-Kar/-pus) [Öittepog, two- winged; KapTóg, fruit]. A genus of trees, mostly S. Asiatic. Z2. alatus, Z), costatus, D. hispidus, D. laevis, and Z2. zeylazziczes afford wood-oil or gurjun balsam. Dipterous (dº'-ter-us) [6ic, two; Trépôv, wing]. In biology, two-winged, as a fly or a seed. Dipteryx (dip'-ter-iks) [Öic, two; Trépus, a wing]. A genus of leguminous trees. D. odorata, the tree that produces the Tonka Bean, g. v. Dipygus (dip/-ig.-us) [Öiç, double; Twyff, buttocks]. A monstrosity with more or less duplication of the pelvis and lower parts of the back. Dirca (der/-/a/.) [Aipkm, a fountain near Thebes]. A genus of apetalous shrubs. D. palustris, wicopy, leatherwood, or moosewood; a N. American thyme- laceous shrub, with the properties of mezereon. It is sparingly used in domestic practice for dyspepsia and hemicrania. Unof. Direct (dº-re/º/) [directus, straight]. In a right or straight line. D. Current. See Current. D., Image. See Image. D. Ophthalmoscopy. See Op/t/a/moscopy. D. Vision, the perception of an object the image of which falls upon the maculae. Direction (di-reſº/-shun) [dirigere, to direct]. Rela- tive position considered without regard to linear dis- tance. D.-spindle, a fusiform body of the ovula, stretching from the germinal vesicle toward the surface. Director (di-re&/-tor) [dirigere, to guide). Anything that guides or directs. D., Grooved, an instrument grooved to guide the knife in surgical operations. Dirigomotor (dir-ig-o-mo'-tor) [dirigere, to direct; motor, a mover]. Causing or involving motion and at the same time directing that motion to an end. Dirt (dert) [M.E., drif J. Excrement; feces. D.-eat- ing. See Chthomophagia and Geophagism. Dis [Öic, twice]. A prefix used to denote two or double. Also, a prefix to denote aparé from. Disaccharids (di-sa/-ar-ids). See Carbo/ydrates. Disarthral (dis-ar/-thral) [Öic, twice; ip6pov, a joint]. Relating to muscles that pass over two joints, e.g., the biceps. Disarticulation (dis-ar-tié-u-la/-shun ) [dis, apart; articulum, a joint]. Amputation in the contiguity of a part or at a joint. Disassimilation (dis-as-sim-il-a/-shum) [disassimilatio). In ophthalmology, the decomposition of visual sub- stances in the retina. Disassociation (dis-as-o-se-a/-shum) [dis, apart; asso- ciare, to unite with]. In chemistry, the decomposi- tion of a compound by heat, the molecules reuniting on the removal of the heat. Disc (dis/)[discus, 6tokoç, a quoit or round plate]. A cir- cular, plate-like organ or body, especially the papilla of the eye, the entrance of the optic nerve into the eye- ball. Its area corresponds with that of the blind spot. In dentistry, an instrument in the form of a disc, made of emery, cuttle-fish, bone, or sand-paper, for fin- ishing fillings on surfaces between teeth. D., Blood. See Blood-corpuscle. D.-carrier, an instrument ap- plied to the dental engine for the better application of corundum discs to the teeth. D., Choked. See Aapi//itis. D., Corundum. tistry for separating teeth, by cutting away a portion; it is used with the dental engine, and applied by means of carriers, that admit of ready adjustment and change of the disc to any desired angle with the shaft containing it. D., Cupping of. See Axcavation of the Op/ic AVerve. D., Germinal, the small disc of the blastodermic membrane, in which the first traces of the embryo are seen. D., Hypermetropic, hazy; simulating optic neuritis, observed in hyperme- tropia. D., Proligerous. See. Discus prolºgerus. 378 A device used in den- . DISEASE Discharge (dis-chary') [ME., dischargem, to unload]. Any evacuation; that which is evacuated. See also Pigments, Colors and Dyestuffs. Discharger (dis-char/jer). See Flectric. . Discharging (dis-char/-ing) [ME., dischargen, to un- load]. Unloading, flowing out, as pus, etc. D. Centers, nerve-centers whence emanate influences which, according to the structures at the other ends of the nerves connected with them, may cause move- ments (muscles), secretion (glands), or contraction of vessels. D. Lesion, a brain-lesion that causes sudden discharges of nervous motor influence. Disciferous (dis-iſ'-er-us)[discus, a disc; ferre, to bear]. In biology, disc-bearing. Discifloral (disſ-iſºlo-ral) [discus, a disc; ſos (flor), a flower]. In biology, applied to such flowers as have the receptacle expanded into a conspicuous disc. Discissio cataractae. See Discission. Discission (dis-ish/-um) [discissio; discindere, to tear or cut apart]. I. Bilateral incision, as of the cervix uteri. 2. An operation for cataract. See Cataract. Discoblastula (dis-ko-blas/-fu-ſah) [Ötokoç, a disc; B%aotóg, a germ]. In embryology, the blastula result- ing from the development of a discomorula. Discocarp (dis/-ko-karp) [óiokoç, a disc; Kapiróg, a fruit]. In biology, applied to those fruits in which the expanded receptacle encloses the seeds or achenia; also the same as Apothecium. - Discocytula (dis-ko-sit/-at-lah) [ófokoç, a disc; kºtoc, a cell]. In embryology, the cytula resulting from the reformation of a nucleus in a discomonerula. Discodactyl (dis-ko-da/-til) [Öiokoç, a disc; 6ákrvãog, a finger]. In biology, applied to those animals (e.g., toads and frogs) the ends of whose toes are provided with disc-like dilatations. Discogastrula (dis-ko-gas/-trat-lah) [6tokoç, a disc; yaothp, belly ; gastrude, a two-layered germ-cup]. The gastrula resulting from discoid egg-cleavage or discoid segmentation of the yolk. Discoid or Discoidal (disſ-AEoid, dis-koi/-dal) [Ötokoç, a disc). Somewhat disc-shaped. Discomonerula (dis-ko-mo-ner/-it-ah) [6tokoç, disc; plov/pmg, Solitary]. In embryology, a disc-like monerula of a meroblastic ovum. Discomorula (dis-ko-mor/-u-lah)[Ötokoç, a disc; morula, dim. of morum, a mulberry]. In embryology, a disc- like morula of a meroblastic ovum. Discrete (dis-Areſ/) [discretus, separated]. A term applied to exanthematous eruptions in which the pustules or papules remain distinct. The opposite of confluent. . Discus (dis/-kus) [Ötokoç, a disc). A disc. D. prolig- erus, the elevated cells of the membrama granulosa of the ovum, whereby the ovum is attached. Discussion (dis-kus/-um) [discussio]. The scattering or driving away of a Swelling, effusion, or tumor. Discutient (dis-ku/-shent) [discuſſere, to shake apart]. I. Capable of effecting resolution or discussion. 2. A medicine supposed to have the power of scatter- ing or discussing a swelling. Disdiaclast (dis-di/-ak-last) [Öiç, double; 6tá, through ; K%áetv, to break down]. Any one of the (supposed) small doubly-refractive elements in the contractile discs changing its position during muscular contrac- tion and relaxation. Disease (dis-ez/) [dis negative; ease, a state of rest]. A condition of the body marked by inharmonious action of one or more of the various organs, owing to abnormal condition or structural change. A Table of Aiseases named after men who have described or have especially studied them is appended. D., Acute, a disease marked by rapid onset and course. D., Bad, DISENGAGEMENT a synonym of syphilis. D., Bleeders', synonym of Aemophilia. D., Chronic, one that is slow in its course. D., Constitutional, one in which a system of organs or the whole body is involved. D., Coarse, the macroscopic organic lesions in a disease. D., Cretinoid. See Myxedema. D. of Ditmarsch, a form of endemic syphilis that was seen in Ditmarsch from 1762–1842. D., Fatigue. See Aalºgue. . D., Feigned, the wilful simulation of disease or injury, through malice or for the purpose of attaining a desired end. D., Focal, a centrally localized disease of the nervous system as distinguished from peripher- ally localized affections. D., Functional, abnor- mality of function without discoverable organic lesion. D., Grouse. See Grouse Disease. D., Idiopathic, one that exists by itself without any connection with another disorder; one of which the cause is unknown. D., Intercurrent, a disease occurring during the pro- gress of another of which it is independent. P;, Knife-grinder's, chronic catarrhal bronchitis met with in knife-grinders. D., Pearl-worker's, a recurrent bone-inflammation, with enormous hypertrophy of the bone, seen in workers in pearl-dust. D., Saint Goth- ard, a synonym of Anchylostomiasis or Zochmiasis, q. v. D., Septic, one arising from the putrefactive fermentation of some foreign substance within the body. D. of Siam. Synonym of Yellow Fever. D., Specific, one caused by the introduction of a specific virus or poison within the body; also a synonym of Syphilis. D., Subacute, one more protracted and less active than an acute disease. D., Subchronic, one less protracted than a chronic disease, but more pro- tracted than an acute disease. D., Symptomatic, a disease caused by or connected with another ailment of the body. The opposite of idiopathic disease. D., Zymotic, a term used to include the whole class of germ-diseases, or those arising from the introduction and multiplication of some living germ within the body. Disengagement (dis-en-gaj'-ment) [Fr., desengager, to disengage]. Emergence from a confined state; espe- cially the escape of the fetus from the vaginal canal. Disfigurement (dis-ſig/-är-ment) [dis, priv.; figurare, to fashion]. Blemish; deformity. Disinfectant (dis-in-ſek/-fant) [dis, neg. ; inſicere, to corrupt]. An agent that destroys disease-germs and noxious properties of fermentation and putrefaction. Disinfection (dis-in-fek'-shun) [dis, neg. ; inſicere, to corrupt]. The destroying of disease-germs by means of heat, chemic substances, fumigation, or by fresh air. D., Ransom's Apparatus for, a method of disinfection by means of dry heat. Washington Lyon's Apparatus, a method in which steam is em- ployed as the active agent. Disinfectol (dis-in-ſek/-tol) [dis, neg. ; inficere, to cor- rupt]. An antiseptic substance analogous to creolin and lysol. It is used in the form of a two to five per cent. emulsion. Disinfector (dis-in-fek/-tor) [dis, neg. ; inficere, to cor- rupt]. An apparatus for the purpose of disinfection. Disintegrate (dis-in/-te-grät) [dis, apart; integer, the whole]. To break up or decompose. Disinvagination (dis-in-vaj-in-a/-shun) [dis, neg. ; in, in ; vagina, a sheath]. The reduction or relief of an invagination. Disjoint (dis-joint/) [disjoindre, to disjoin]. To dis- articulate; to separate, as bones, from their natural relations. - Disk. See Disc. Disklet (disé'-ſet) [6iokoç, a disc.]. A little disc. Dislocation (dis-lo-ka/-shun) [dis, apart; locare, to place]. The luxation or abnormal displacement of one or more bones of a joint, or of any organ from its 379 DISSEMINATED. natural position. D., Complete, the bones entirely separated. D., Compound, the coverings of the joint ruptured. D., Consecutive, the displaced bone is not in the same position as when originally misplaced. D. of Eyeball, displacement of the eyeball outside of the lids. D. of Lens, the crystalline lens thrown out of its capsule, or misplaced so that it does not occupy its proper position behind the pupil. P., Old, inflammatory changes having ensued. D., Partial, or Incomplete, the articulating surfaces re- maining in partial contact ; called, also, Steblºg/?dº. D., Primitive, the bones remaining as originally displaced. D., Recent, no inflammatory changes having ensued. D., Simple, without laceration of the surrounding parts. Díastasis, dislocation of an amphiarthrotic joint; also a separation, as of the parts of a muscle, or of the epiphysis of a bone from the diaphysis. Disorder (dis-or/-der). See Disease. Disorganization (dis-organ-i-a/-shun) [dis, priv.; organizare, to organize]. Destruction or loss of or- ganic structure; complete pathologic or traumatic change in the minute structure of any tissue. Disparate (dis/-par-āt) [dispar, unequal]. Not alike : unequal or unmated. D. Points, non-identical points of the two retinae. , Diplopia is produced when the images of a single object fall upon such points. Dispareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah). See Dysparezºia. Dispensary (dis-pens/-ar-e) [dispensare, to distribute]. A charitable institution where medical treatment is given the poor and medicines are dispensed on pre- scription. Dispensatory (dis-pens/-at-or-e) [dispensatorium,... an apothecary’s diary]. A treatise on the materia medica, and the composition, effects, and preparation of medi- cines. Dispensing (dis-pens/-ing) [dispensare, to weigh out]. The measuring, weighing, and issuing of the drugs ordered in a prescription. Dispersion (dis-per-shum) [dispersio; dispersus, scat. tered]. The resolution, discussion, or scattering of an inflammation or other morbid condition. In phys- ics, the separation of a ray of white light into colored rays; also, any scattering of light, as that which has passed through ground glass. Dispirem (di-spi/-rem) [dis, two ; spira, a spiral]. In embryology, the two skeins of a dividing nucleus formed from the nuclear loops and giving rise to the daughter nuclei. It is the seventh stage of Karyo- Áinesis, 7. v. Displacement (dis-plas/-ment) [Fr., desplacer, to dis- place]. A putting out of place; applied to various organs, as the uterus, heart, etc. D. of Mortality. See Carºzot's Doctrine. Dispora caucasica (dis’-por-ah Āaw-kas/-ik-ah). Bacillus caucasicus, Zable of Disposition (dis-po-sish/-um) [dispositio, an arranging]. Tendency, either physical or mental, to certain diseases. Dissection (dis-eč/-shun) [dissectio, dissecare, to cut up]. The disassociation and exposition by means of incis- ions, cutting apart, etc., of the organs of the body, fol purposes of scientific study. Dissecting Aneurysm. See Aneurysm. Dissecting Wound, injury during dissection, with consequent introduction of septic material. It may become constitutional and result in septicemia, or it may take the form of warts, Verruca necrogenica. The sore resulting directly from the prick or abrasion is called Post-mortem pustule. Disseminated (dis-em/-in-a-fed") [disseminare, to scat- ter seed]. Scattered; spread over a large area. D. Sclerosis. See Instelar Sclerosis. See under Bacteria, Synonymafic TABLE OF EPONYMIC DISEASES. SYMPTOMS. PATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY. SYNONYMS. Supra-renal capsules and some abdominal sympa- thetic nerves and ganglia. Brown pigmentation of the skin, pro- gressive anemia, asthenia, death from exhaustion. Tuberculous infiltration and fibro- caseous degeneration of the capsules. Tubercle-bacillus. Melasma supra-renale; dermato-me- lasma supra-renale; cutis aerea; bronzed-skin disease; copper-skin. Contractions of the skin and fascia; Formation of scar-tissue. Traumatism. Morphea ; circumscribed scleroder- cheloid. neck. scar-like growths, of rounded, ovoid, ma; scleroderma localis. or irregular shape; pale-yellowish or brownish in color; fixation of joints from skin-induration. Alibert’s keloid. Skin of sternum, shoulders | Fibrous outgrowths of the skin. Formation of connective tissue. Obscure; traumatism. | Cheloid; kelis; fungoid mycosis; true keloid. Unknown. Aran-Duchenne's dis- || Spinal cord. Progressive muscular atrophy, spastic | Degeneration of the motor nuclei in Cruveilhier's palsy; progressive €2S62. * condition, tremors. the pyramidal tracts of the cord and muscular atrophy; , Cruveilhier's medulla; fatty and sclerotic changes atrophy; Duchenne’s disease. in the muscles. º Balser's fatty necrosis. | Pancreas, omentum, mes- || Indefinite; those of acute pancreatitis. Areas of opaque, white, fatty, and cal- Obscure. entery. careous degeneration in the organs affected. Barton’s fracture. Radius (lower extremity). Silver-fork deformity. A chipping off of the articular surface. Traumatism. ce Basedow's disease. See Grazyes' disease. - .* OO - tº e Sº Bazin's disease. Mucous membra n e of Psoriatic eruption on the buccal mu- || That of psoriasis. Obscure. Buccal psoriasis. cous membrane. Those of hernia. Femoral hernia, through the saphe- nous opening. Strain; traumatism. Bednar's aphtha. Mucous membrane of hard | Progressive marasmus and death. Specific ulcerative stomatitis of the Microbic. Ulcerative stomatitis of the new- . - palate of the new-born. ard palate. born; plaques pterygoidiennes; aphthae of the palate; athrepsia. Begbie's disease. See Grazes' disease and Bergeron's disease. - - - Bell’s disease or mania. | Brain. Acute delirium, wild hallucinations, No lesions found. , Obscure. - Acute delirium; acute periencephal- - - insomnia, slight fever, dry tongue, itis. rapid running pulse. Bell’s palsy or paraly- Facial nerve. Immobility of the affected side of the Lesion of the facial nerve; a neuritis. Tumors; abscess; Facial paralysis. Those of aneurysm. That of aneurysm. Traumatism; strain; atheroma. Localized rhythmic chorea ; hys- Any group of muscles, as | Localized rhythmic movements. None. Hysteria. of abdomen, head, etc. - terical chorea; Begbie's disease. Blainville's ear. Ear. Asymmetry of the ears. Deformity of the ears. * -- - - . . . . Congenital. NAME. PART AFFECTED. Addison's disease. See Addison’s disease. Addison's keloid or Skin of breast, face, and and neck. - cheek. Béclard’s hernia. Intestine. Beigel’s disease. See Bergeron’s disease. SIS, face; impairment of hearing; herpes; occasional neuralgia. chronic inflamma- tion; cold. Bérard’s an eurysm. See Aneurysm. Artery. Bergeron’s disease. * Bostock's catarrh. A synonym of Hay-fever, Q. 29. Bouillaud’s disease. A synonym of Endocardi- tis, g. v. Boyer's cyst. *** Cº. OO H-4 Subhyoid bursa. Painless and gradual enlargement of the bursa. Irritation. Bright’s disease. See Bright's AXisease. Kidney. Edema, anemia, albuminuria, tube- CaStS. Inflammation of the renal tissues. Cold; specific poisons; lead-poisoning; re- peated congestion. Nephritis; kidney-disease. Briquet's ataxia. Nervous system. Ataxia; local anesthesia; hysterical manifestations. ~~ None. Hysteria. Hysterical ataxia. Broca's aphasia. Brain. Loss of speech from incoërdination of the muscles; agraphia; right- sided hemiplegia. Lesion of third left frontal convolution of the brain. Various diseased con- ditions of the brain. Motor aphasia; ataxic aphasia. Brodie's abscess. Head of the tibia. Those of bone-abscess. Ulceration of bone-tissue. Tubercle-bacillus; traumatism. Brodie's disease or knee. Knee and other joints. Those of synovitis. Pulpy, degeneration of the synovial membrane of a joint, especially of the knee. Brown-Séquard’s dis- €21See Spinal cord. Paralysis of a limb or side of the body, corresponding to the lesion in the cord; anesthesia on the oppo- site side; increased reflexes on side of lesion. Tumors or trauma- tism of one side o the cord at so me level. Brown-Séquard’s paralysis. Buhl's disease. All the organs of the new- born. Icterus, cyanosis, diarrhea, vomiting. Acute fatty degeneration of all the organs. Septic infection. Icterus of the new-born. Carswell’s grapes. Lungs. Those of pulmonary tuberculosis. Racemose distribution of tuberculous infiltration about the smaller bron- chial tubes. Tubercle-bacillus. Cazenave's lupus. Skin of face and , head, Characteristic eruption on skin. See Inflammation of corium with cell- | Unknown; prečxist- Lupus erythematodes; lupus ery- usually; occasionally Lupus. infiltration. ing congestion of thematosus. that of extremities, rarely skin. on trunk. Chabert’s disease. A synonym of Symptomatic Anthrax or Black-leg', q.v. Charcot's disease (sclé- || Brain and spinal cord. Spastic paraplegia with great in- | Areas of grayish-red degeneration in Obscure. Disseminated sclerosis; cerebro- rose en plagues). crease in the reflexes; volitional the white matter of the cord and spinal sclerosis; insular sclerosis; Budd’s jaundice. A synonym of Acute Yel- lozº, Atrophy of the liver. See Icterus gravis. Icterus typhoides (of Lebert). tremor; scanning, speech; nystag- mus; mental debility; vertigo ; at- tacks of coma. brain; excess of fibrous tissue. multilocular sclerosis; multiple sclerosis. Charcot's disease. Pyramidal tracts of me- dulla and spinal cord. Progressive emaciation, and wasting of the muscles; spastic condition of the muscles; increased reflexes; tremor; failure of memory; de- mentia. Atrophy of the anterior horns and sclerosis of the antero-lateral col- Ul II.111S. Heredity; cold; wet; exposure; worry. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; prim- ary lateral sclerosis; primary spas- tic paraplegia; lateral sclerosis; chronic anterior poliomyelitis; pro- gressive muscular atrophy. Charcot's joint. Any joint. Swelling; but slight local heat and pain; Soreness on motion. Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane, later involving the bony substance. Various diseases of the s p in al cord (Pott’s disease; tu- mors of the gray sub- stan ce; locomotor ataxia; syringomy- elia); traumatism. Spinal arthropathy. TABLE OF EPONYMIC DISEASES.–Continued. SYMPTOMS. PATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY. SYNONYMS. Those of hernia. Femoral hernia resting on the pec- tineus muscle, the tumor having turned within and behind the fem- oral vessels. Strain; traumatism. Pectineal crural hernia. Colles’ fracture. Radius (lower third). Silver-fork deformity. A splitting from 54-inch to 1%-inches | Traumatism. above the articulation. Concato's disease. Serous membranes, espe- || Vary with the membranes involved. | Progressive and malignant inflamma- Obscure. Polyorrhymenitis; polyorrhomenitis. cially the pleura. tion of various serous membranes. - Cooper's (Astley) her- Intestines, Those of hernia. Congestion; strangulation of the Lodgment of the small | Mesenteric hernia; retroperitoneal 1112. OWel. intestine in the duo- hernia. deno-jejunal fossa. Cooper's irritable Synonym of Mastodynia, g. v. breast. - Cooper's irritable tes- | Synonym of Orchialgia, g. v. competency, g. v. Ulceration of the gastric wall. Cruveilhier’s disease. Stomach. Pain; hematemesis; vomiting; ema- Improper diet and Simple ulcer of the stomach. ciation ; peritonitis (occasionally). hygiene. Curling's ulcer. Duodenum. Ulceration of the bowel-wall. Burns of the surface. Duodenal ulcer. § NAME. PART AFFECTED. Cloquet’s hernia. Intestines. ticle. Corrigan's disease. A synonym of Aortic In- Cruveilhier’s atrophy or palsy. See Aran-D u che 7z n e 's Disease. DaCosta's disease. Gastro-intestinal tract; heart, brain. Vary with the part affected, and are preceded by a rapid disappearance of the local signs. Vary with the localization of the dis- €3.Se. Gouty diathesis. Suppressed gout; retrocedent gout; lithermia - . Psorospermosc folliculaire végétante; Darier’s disease. Skin of body. Characteristic lesions of the skin. Inflammation of the skin-layers, with Obscure. * s g º e; - See Darier. -> • cell-infiltration. keratosis follicularis; ichthyosis sebacea cornea. - - Darwin’s ear. Ear. Absence of the upper part of the helix, Malformation. Congenital. and formation of cartilaginous nod- ules in the helix. Devergie’s disease. See Gibert’s pityriasis. \ * Donders’ glaucoma. Eye. Those of glaucoma. Atrophy of the optic papilla and Obscure. Simple atrophic glaucoma. - - | hardening of the eyeball. . . . Dressler's disease. Blood. Recurring periodic attacks of hema- | Presence of coloring-matter of the Malarial. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria; inter- - turia. t blood in the urine. mittent hemoglobinuria; periodic hemoglobinuria; Harley's disease. Dubini's disease. Nervous system. Progressive palsy and wasting, with Obscure. Obscure. Electric chorea. c. - - - sudden, shock-like movements. Duchenne's disease. See Aran-Duchenne’s Dis- ease. - Duchenne's disease. A synonym of Bulbar Par- || alysis, q.v., and of Progressive Loco- motor ataxia. É Duchenne's paralysis. A synonym of Pseudo-hy- £ertrophic paralysis. Duhring's disease, or Skin. Protean eruption; itching and burn- ing; exhaustion. Undetermined. Obscure. Dermatitis herpetiformis; pemphigus pruriginosus; hydroa herpetiſorme; herpes gestationis; herpes circi- natus bullosus; permphigus circi-. natus; pemphigus malignus; pem- - Dupuytren’s contrac- tion. Palmar fascia and con- tiguous structures. Contraction of one or more fingers. Cicatricial contraction. Burns and injuries. phigus hysterićus. Dupuytren’s hydrocele. Tunica vaginalis testis. Those of hydrocele. Same as hydrocele. Same as hydrocele. Bilocular hydrocele. Eichhorst's neuritis. Nerves. Those of neuritis. Obscure. Obscure. Neuritis fasciens. Eichstedt's disease. Skin. Characteristic lesion. See Tinea Infiltration of cuticle with the para- |A vegetable parasite; Pityriasis versicolor; chromophyto- versicolor. Slight or no subjective site and its spores. microsporon furfur. sis; tinea versicolor. - symptoms. - - - - . . Erb's disease. Spinal cord. Progressive wasting of various groups | Fatty and sclerotic degeneration of Largely hereditary; Juvenile muscular atrophy; primary of muscles in upper arm and shoul- der, and gluteai and thigh muscles; later, hypertrophy. affected muscles; degeneration of motor nuclei in cord. disease of puberty. muscular dystrophy; idiopathic. muscular atrophy. Pyramidal tracts of cord. Loss of power; spasm of muscles of lower, extremities; spastic gait; cross-legged progression; increased reflexes. Obscure; degeneration of pyramidal tractS. Syphilis, frequently. Spastic paraplegia; spasmodic tabes dorsalis; lateral sclerosis, Erb-Charcot’s disease. Spasmodic locomotor ataxia. Cerebro-spinal axis. Those of neurasthenia and hysteria. Concussion of central nervous system from railroad shock. Railway spine, g. v.; railway brain; traumatic hysteria. Decayed teeth, etc. Fauchard’s disease. Dental alveoli. Pain; suppuration; Swelling. Slow and progressive destruction of Alveolo-dental periostitis; pyorrhoea alveoli; death of teeth. a 1 v e o lar is; alveolar abscess; Riggs’ disease. - Flajani's disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic goitre. - Fothergill's disease, or Facial nerve. Severe pain in face; tender points of Obscure. Facial neuralgia; tic douloureux; faceache. Valleix; salivation; herpes; lach- rymation. trifacial neuralgia; prosopalgia; trigeminal neuralgia. F other gill's sore- throat. Throat. Pain; swelling; associated symptoms of scarlet fever. Intense inflammation; membranous exudate. S ecific virus of scar- atina. Scarlatina anginosa; anginoid scar- let ſever. - Friedreich's ataxia or Spinal cord. Peculiar swaying, irregular gait; also Sclerosis of posterior and lateral col- | Heredity. Hereditary ataxia; family ataxia; disease. similar movements of head and umns of cord. postero-lateral sclerosis; hereditary arms; reflexes frequently lost; nys- ataxic paraplegia. tagmus; talipes equinus; lateral curvature of spine; scanning speech. Friedreich’s disease. Synonym of Paramyoclonu- us multiplex, Q. v. Gerlier’s disease. Nervous system. Sudden paroxysms of ptosis; rotary Obscure. Obscure. Paralyzing vertigo. Gibbon's hydrocele. Scrotum and bowel. Those of hydrocele and hernia. Hydrocele with hernia. Those of hernia; irri- tation of tunica vag- inalis testis. impetigo. Erb's palsy. Erichsen’s disease. vertigo; muscular paresis; cervico- occipital pain. Gibert's pityriasis. Skin. Characteristic eruption ; free desclua- mation ; chronic course; itching; progresssive emaciation ; exhaus- tion; death. A dermatitis. Uncertain. Pityriasis ruber; dermatitis exfolia- tiva; pityriasis ruber aigu ; Dever- gie’s disease; Hebra’s pityriasis. TABLE OF EPONYMIC DISEASES.–Continezzea. NAME. PART AFFECTED. SYMPTOMs. PATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY. SYNONYMs. Glénard's disease. Abdominal viscera. Those of gastro-intestinal disturbance with neurasthenia; prolapse of abdo- minal organs; looseness of mesen- teric and peritoneal attachments. Occurs in pendulous abdomen, etc. Relaxation and neu- rasthenia. Enteroptosis; splanchnoptosis. Glissonian cirrhosis. Liver. Those of cirrhosis. Liver much reduced in size, covered Alcoholism; cyanotic | Perihepatitis. by a firm grayish membrane; cir- induration. rhotic changes in parenchyma. Gourand's (or Goy- | The bowel. Those of hernia. That of hernia. Usual causes of hernia. Inguinal intestinal hernia. rand’s) disease. Graves’ disease. See Graves’ Disease. Thyroid gland, eyes, heart. Cardiac palpitation; goiter; exoph- thalmos; Graefe’s lid-sign; Stell- wag's sign. Unknown. Obscure, but most fre- qu ent in neurotic persons. Exophthalmic goiter; Basedow's disease; Parry’s disease; Begbie's disease; March's disease; Parson’s disease; Stokes' disease. Gubler's tumor. Wrist. Prominence on back of wrist in wrist- Lead-poisoning. drop. Hall’s (Marshall) dis- Brain. Occasional convulsions; semi-coma- Early age; prolonged | Hydrocephaloid disease; spurious eaSe. tose condition; irregular pulse; con- illness; premature hydrocephalus; hydrencephaloid Weaning. disease. - § tracted pupils; flaccid, depressed fontanels; retracted head ; Cheyne- Stokes breathing. Halstern's disease. Entire body. Those of syphilis. That of syphilis Syphilitic virus Endemic syphilis. Hammond’s disease. Brain and cord. Constant rhythmic movements of fingers and toes. Obscure. Lesion of the brain and cord. Athetosis; post-hemiplegic chorea. Hanot's disease. Liver. Chronic jaundice; absence of ascites; enlargement of spleen. Increase of intralobular and interlob- ular connective tissue; liver large, smooth, firm. That of cirrhosis. ºf. cirrhosis of liver; bil- iary cirrhosis. Harley's disease. See Dressler's Disease. Heberden’s asthma. Synonym of Angina pec- torts, g. v. Heberden's disease or rheumatism. Smaller articulations, as those of the fingers. Those of chronic rheumatism, with formation of nodosities. Destruction of the cartilages; rough- ening of articular surfaces; thicken- ing of the ligaments. That of rheumatism. Osteo-arthritis; rheumatic arthri- tis; digitorum nodi. Hebra’s erythema. Skin. Characteristic eruption; slight con- stitutional manifestations. Inflammatory effusion of serum and leukocytes. Early a dult a ge; spring and autumn; irritating in gest a ; specific bacilli (?). Polymorphous erythema; erythema multiforme. Hebra’s pityriasis. See Gibert’s pityriasis. Hebra’s prurigo. Skin. Characteristic eruption; limbs feel like coarse brown paper; incura- ble; persists through life. Unknown—probably a neurosis. Poor food; poor hygi- ene; early age. Prurigo ferox; congenital prurigo. Henoch’s purpura. Skin. Purpuric eruption, associated with peculiar intestinal symptoms. Obscure. N) (Ji CA) gº - Hesselbach’s hernia. Intestines. Those of hernia. The hernia pre- sents a lobulated appearance. There is a diverticulum of the hernia through the cribriform fascia. That of hernia gener- ally. . Heubner's disease. Cerebral arteries. Pain in the head ; giddiness; drowsi- ness; numbness and weakness of one side of body; glycosuria; albu- minuria; later, hemiplegia; aphasia; coma, or delirium ; death. Grayish or whitish thickenings of the coats of the vessels; complete or in- complete occlusion of the lumen; growth of fibrous tissue; infiltration of round cells. Syphilis. Hodgkin’s dise as e. See Hodgkin’s Dis- €0.Sé. Lymph-glands; blood. Enlargement of the lymphatic glands; marked and progressive anemia; edema of the face; pressure-symp- toms; hemorrhages; purpura; dysp- nea; hemic murmurs; palpitation; fever; exhaustion; death. Hºl. of lymphoid structures of the body; enlargement of spleen. Unknown. Pseudo-leukocythemia; lymphade- noma ; lymphadenosis; pseudo-leus kemia; general lymphadenoma : malignant lymphoma; lympho-sai- coma; anaemia lymphatica; adenoid disease; adenia; chronic recurrent Hodgson's aneurysm, OI C11S6:21S6. Aorta, first part. Those of aneurysm, frequently with hypºtrophy and dilatation of the eart. Inflammatory and sub-inflammatory changes with extreme degeneration. Old age. fever (Ebstein). ^, Hodgson's dilatation. Development of fibrous tissue. Huguier's disease. Uterus. Those of fibroid tumor of the uterus; Fibro-myoma of the uterus. growth; pressure-symptoms; hem- orrhage, etc. Huntingdon’s chorea. Brain. Irregular movements; disturbance of No characteristic lesions; atrophy of Advanced age; hered- | Hereditary chorea; chronic chorea. speech ; gradual dementia. the convolutions; chronic meningo- encephalitis. ity; psychic troubles. Inman's myalgia. Muscular system. Muscular pain of any origin. None. Muscular rheumatism. Jacksonian epilepsy. Brain-cortex. Spasm of a single group of muscles in the face, arm, or leg, or other re- gion ; no loss of consciousness; usu- ally there are sensory phenomena, Lesion of the motor area of the brain. Hemorrhage; abscess; uremia; progressive paralysis of the in- s a ne; hemiplegia; syphilitic tunnors of brain. Cortical epilepsy; symptomatic epi- lepsy; focal epilepsy; partial epi- lepsy; epileptiform seizures. Jacob’s ulcer. Eyelid. Slow ulceration at inner end of lower 1C1. Epithelial cancer-formation; edges indurated and elevated; no lym- phatic involvement. Old age. Rodent ulcer of the eyelid; lupus of #. eyelid; carcinoma of the eye- 1C1. v. Jaksch's disease. A synonym of Pseudo-left- Æocythemia occurring in infants. See PHodgkin's Disease. Infantile pseudo-leukemic anemia; hºmia pseudo-leukemica infan- tilis. Kaposi's disease. Skin. Characteristic eruption, followed by atrophy of the skin and formation of epithelial carcinomata; emaciation ; exhaustion ; death. Atrophic degeneration of the skin. Early age—under pu- berty; congenital pre- disposition; expos- ure to the Sun. Xeroderma pigmentosum ; parch- ment skin; atrophoderma pigmen- tosum ; *š. pigmentosum atro- phicum ; dermatosis kaposi; lio- dermia essentialis cum melanosi et telangiectasia; melanosis lenticu- laris progressiva. Kopp's asthma. See Millar's Asthma. Krishaber’s disease. Nervous system. Hyperesthesia; illusions of sense; vertigo; tachycardia. Neurosis. Obscure. Cerebro-cardiac neuropathy. Krönlein’s hernia. Intestines. Those of hernia. A variety of inguinal hernia. That of hernia. Inguino-preperitoneal hernia. Kussmaul's coma. A synonym of Diabetic Coma. See Diabetes and Coma. TABLE OF EPONYMIC DISEASES.–Continued. NAME. PART AFFECTED. SYMPTOMS. PATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY. SYNoNYMS. Kussmaul's disease. Spinal cord. Sudden onset; rapid muscular wast- ing; reaction of degeneration; fever. Acute hemorrhagic myelitis of the anterior horns, with degeneration . destruction of the large ganglion- C62. S. Unknown. Acute atrophic spinal paralysis; polio-myelitis anterior. Laennec's atrophic cir- rhosis. Liver. Digestive derangement; diminution in size of liver; tendency to hemor- rhage; ascites; jaundice. Great reduction in the size and weight of the liver, with deformity; surface granular; substance composed of greenish-yellow islands surrounded by grayish-white connective tissue. Alcoholism; lead-poi- soning; malaria; gout. Chronic interstitial hepatitis; atro- phic cirrhosis; portal cirrhosis. L and ou zy - Déjérine type of muscular atro- phy. Spinal cord. Wasting of muscles of face and those of the scapulo-humeral groups. Degeneration of the muscles involved, which undergo a fatty and sclerotic change; degeneration of motor nuclei in spinal cord. Heredity; age twenty to thirty years. Facio-scapulo-humeral type of idio- pathic muscular atrophy. Landry’s paralysis. Spinal cord. Loss of motor power in the lower ex- tremities gradually extending up- ward; exhaustion ; loss of reflexes; *ation usually intact; death usu- ally. I)egenerative changes in the anterior roots of the spinal nerves. Unknown ; most com- mon in males be- tween 20 and 30. Landry's disease; acute ascending paralysis. Laugier’s hernia. Intestines. Those of hernia. A femoral hernia perforating Gimber- || That of hernia. nat’s ligament. Cº - 3 Leber's disease. Eye. Those of optic neuritis. Malformation of optic nerve with | Heredity—affects the Hereditary optic atrophy. Legal’s disease. Meningo-tympanic region. Headache. Inflammatory changes. Obscure. Leyden’s neuritis. Nerves. Those of neuritis. Destruction of the nerve-fibers; form- ation of fibrous connective tissue, with deposit of fat. That of neuritis. Lipomatous neuritis. atrophy, and inflammatory changes. males of a family. Leyden’s type of mus- cular atrophy. Spinal cord. Wasting of muscles of lower extremi- ties and back; hypertrophy of the calves. Fatty and sclerotic degeneration of the affected muscles; degeneration of he motor nuclei of the spinal COICl. Heredity. Hereditary muscular atrophy. Little's disease. Brain and cord. Stiffness of the legs; talipes equinus with characteristic attitude; cross- legged progression ; lead-pipe con- traction; increased reflexes; sensa- tion normal; symptoms of cerebral defects—idiocy, imbecility, nystag- IſltlS. Lesion of brain-cortex; meningeal hemorrhage; arrest of development of pyramidal tracts. Difficult labor or pre- mature delivery. Congenital muscular rigidity; spas- modic tabes of children; spastic jº of infants; paraplegia cerebralis spastica. f - Littre’s hernia. Intestines. Those of hernia. Hernia of an intestinal diverticulum. That of hernia. Littre’s hernia. Synonym of Rich ter’s A ſerizia. Lobstein's cancer. Abdomen. Large abdominal tumor, centrally situated ; immovable. . * Sarcomatous tissue. Unknown. Retroperitoneal sarcoma. Louis' angina. Synonym of L u dzwig's Ang ina. Loy's disease. Entire body of horse. Characteristic pustular eruption. Specific virus. Horse-pox; variola equina. Ludwig's angina. Neck. Swelling, especially in the submaxil- Cellulitis of neck. Usually follows spe- || Louis’ angina; cellulitis of the lary region; intense pain. cific fevers, especial- neck. ly diphtheria and scarlet fever; may be idiopathic, or result from trauma. Malassez' disease. Testicle. Tumor of the gland. Cyst-formation. Cyst of the testicle. Acromegaly; acromegalia; akrom- egaly. ' Méniére’s disease. Semicircular canals. Vertigo; nausea; vomiting; deafness; rotatory movements; sudden an temporary apoplectic symptoms; tinnitus aurium ; Ocular symptoms— nystagmus, diplopia. Inflammatory processes in the canals. Uncertain. Aural vertigo; auditory vertigo; labyrinthine vertigo. Rachitis; early age. Thymic asthma; spasm of the glot- tis; laryngismus stridulus; laryngo- Spasm; laryngic Suffocation ; spas- modic croup; internal convulsions; spasmodic laryngitis; “p assion fits; ” child-crowing; Kopp's asthma. Morand’s foot. Foot. * -º The presence of eight toes on the foot. Deformity of foot. § Congenital Morel's ea 1". Ear. Flattening of the folds of the ear; Abnormality of the helix, anti-helix, Congenital. Flat ear. § March’s disease. See Grazies’ Disease. Marie's disease. See Acromegaly. Bones of face and extremi- ties. Gradual hypertrophy of the hands, feet, and face; changes in the size of the thyroid gland; headache. Hypertrophy of the bones; enormous enlargement of the pituitary body. Unknown ; heredity probably. Malignant degeneration of a cicatrix Marjolin's warty ulcer. Skin. Wart-like parallel growths; progress Old age; heredity. slow; glandular enlargement. or old ulcer. McLeod's capsular Joints. Those of rheumatism. Effusion into the synovial capsules | That of rheumatism. rheumatism. and into the synovial sheaths and bursae around the affected joints. Millar's asthma. Nervous system; reflexly the larynx. Sudden paroxysms of suffocation, with short, sonorous respiration; high mortality. - Neurosis. Morand’s disease. Extremities. Paresis of the extremities. Disease of the nervous system. Obscure. thinness of the rim ; increase in the size of the ear. Scaphoid fossa, and crura furcata. Morton's foot or Mor- ton’s toe. M et at a r s o-phalangeal joint of the fourth toe. Pain in the foot. Local neuritis. Bruising of one or more branches of the exter n a l plantar Ile I'Ve. Morton’s affection; Morton's toe; metatarsalgia. Morvan’s disease. A limb. Loss of sensibility on one side; neu- Disease of the posterior roots of the Rheumatic ele- Monoplegia anaesthetica. . ralgic pain and paresthesia of the nerves of the affected limb. ments (?); hysteria. affected limb; vaso-motor and tro- phic disturbances, as shown by pain- less and destructive whitlows. Naegele's pelvis. Pelvis. Deformity of pelvis. Lack of development of one lateral Congenital. Obliquely-contracted pelvis. mass of the sacrum. Paget's disease. Bone. Hypertrophy of the bone-tissue, with | Inflammatory changes. Hypertrophic deforming osteitis; eſormity. osteitis deformans. Paget’s disease. Nipple and areola. Eczema-like eruption; intensely red; clear, yellowish, viscid exudation ; frequently terminates in carcinoma. Inflammatory changes; cell-infiltra- tion. Presence of psoro- sperms (Darier, Ma- callum, Osler). Paget’s nipple. § TABLE OF EPONY MIC DISEASES.—Cozzºzzzed. NAME PART AFFECTED. SYMPTOMs. PATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY. SYNONYMS. Paget’s recurrent fib- | Subcutaneous tissue; occa-| Recurrent growth; painless; non-in- |Small spindle-cell sarcoma. Unknown. TOICl. sionally the breast. volvement of lymphatic glands. Arteries and veins. Those of aneurysm. Arterio-venous aneurysm ; the artery Trauma. Park's aneurysm. See Aneurysm. communicates with two contiguous VC111S. Parkinson's disease. Nervous system. Muscular weakness; tremors; rigid- No constant lesion ; probably changes Exposure to cold and Paralysis agitans; shaking palsy; Aneurysm. See Paralysis agi- ity; festination; characteristic atti- in the cerebral cortex. wet; worry; severe senile chorea. tans. tude. mental shock. Parrot's disease. Nervous system. Syphilis. Syphilitic pseudo-paralysis. Parry’s disease. See Grazyes’ Disease. Parson’s disease. See Grazes' Disease. º Partridge’s hernia. Intestines. Those of hernia. Femoral hernia external to the femor- | That of hernia. al vessels. Payy's disease. See Kidney. Occasional appearance of a small | Renal congestion. * Obscure. Intermittent albuminuria; paroxys- Albuminuria, Cyclic. amount of albumin in the urine. mal albuminuria;. cyclic albuminu- ria; physiologic albuminuria; simple albuminuria; function al albuminuria; transparent albumi- nuria; albuminuria of adolescence. Paxton's disease. Hair of beard. Nodular growth on the hairs; brittle- Thickening and roughening of the Specific parasite. Tinea nodosa. ness of the hairs. hair-shaft. Petit’s hernia. Intestines. Those of hernia. Hernia in the lumbar region. That of hernia. Physick’s ency ste d | Rectum. Burning pain in the anus and adja- | Hypertrophy and occasionally inflam- || Advanced age. rectum. cent parts; increased mucous secre- mation of the natural rectal sacs. tion. Pott’s aneurysm. See | Arteries. Pulsating tumor under the skin. That of aneurysm. That of aneurysm. Aneurysm by anastomosis; aneurys- mal varix. Pott's disease. See Pott’s Disease. Spinal column. Curvature of the spine in an antero- posterior direction; persistent lum- bago. Inflammation and caries of the verte- bral bodies and inter-vertebral discs. Tubercle-bacillus; syphilis; trauma. Caries of the vertebrae; Pott’s curva- ture. Pott's fracture. Fibula. Those of fracture; dislocation out- | Fräcture of lower end of bone; some- || Traumatism. ward of foot. times fracture of inner malleolus. Pott's gangrene. Extremities. Extreme pain; drying and discolora- Death of the part. Obstruction of blood- || Senile gangrene. tion of affected part; occasionally line of demarcation ; exhaustion; death. supply from athero- ma, etc.; old age. Pott's paralysis or paraplegia. * Lower portion of body. Inability to move the limbs; disturb- ances of sensation. - Compression of spinal cord. Pott's disease. Quain's fatty heart. Heart. Those of fatty heart. Fatty degeneration of heart-muscle. Atheroma; obstruc- tion of circulation of blood. § Quincke's disease. Skin, usually of loins and thigh. Immense and sudden circumscribed swelling of the skin; a sense of tension. That of urticaria. That of urticaria. s. Urticaria oedematosa; giant urticaria; acute circumscribed edema; urti- caria subcutanea. Quinquaud’s disease. Scalp and hairy parts. Formation of smooth, irregular patches of alopecia, dotted with red points. Perifollicular inflammation. Probably mycotic. Folliculitis decalvans; acne decal- VallS. Ray's mania. Brain. A form of general moral insanity. Changes in the cerebral cortex. Obscure. Raynaud’s disease. See A’aynaud’s Disease. The extremities. Local syncope; local asphyxia; local gangrene; chill; hemoglobinuria; cerebral symptoms; mental torpor. Obscure. Vaso-motor changes. Local gangrene; symmetrie gan- grene; Sphaceloderma; gangrene of the skin; dermatitisgangraenosa. Raynaud’s disease. Throat-muscles. Paralysis of affected muscles. Secondary to parotid- itis. Cystic disease of the breast. Reclus’ disease. Mammary gland. Slight enlargement of both breasts; Disseminated cystic dilatations of the fluctuation; no pain. ducts and acini. Richter’s hernia. Intestines. Those of strangulated hernia. Strangulated enterocele in which only That of hernia. Parietal enterocele; partial entero- a part of the circumference of the cele; Littré's hernia. gut is constricted. Riga's disease. Mouth. Aphthous eruption be neath the Ulcer, gray in color, with irregular and | Heredity;...character- Cachectic aphthae. tongue; painless; grave constitu- tional symptoms; emaciation ; ex- haustion; earthy pigmentation of skin; death. poorly defined borders; enlargement and fatty degeneration of liver and spleen. istic bacilli. Riggs’ disease. See Fauchard’s disease. Ritter’s disease. Skin. Characteristic eruption on skin; ex- haustion. Inflammation, with exfoliation. Dermatitis exfoliatiya in fan tum; dermatitis exfoliativa neonatorum. Rivolta's disease. Synonym of Actinomycosis, (7. Z/. Robert's pelvis. Pelvis. Deformity of pelvis. Lack of development of both lateral Congenital. Transversely-contracted pelvis; masses of the sacrum. doubly synostotic pelvis. Arteries and veins. Those of varicose aneurysm. A varicose aneurysm with the sac | Trauma. Rodrigues’ aneurysm. See Aneurysm. immediately contiguous to the artery. Rokitansky's disease. A synonym of Acute Yel- lozv Atrophy of the Liver. See Icterus gravis. Rossbach’s disease. Stomach. Cephalalgia; gastralgia; very acid vomiting, in paroxysms. Neurosis. Exaggerated secre- tion of , HCl in the gastric juice. Hyperchlorhydria; gastroxia; gas- troxynsis; hyperacid vomiting of Rosenthal. Saemisch's ulcer. Cornea. Those of purulent keratitis. An acute, serpiginous or creeping ulceration; sharp margins; arc of propagation; gray floor; sloughing of cornea. Local infection. Infectious ulcer of the cornea. Saint Agatha's disease. Synonym of Mammit is, Q. Z/. Saint Aignon's disease. Synonym of Tinea favosa, or Favras, Q. v. Saint Anthony’s dance. Synonym of Chorea, Q. v. Saint Anthony’s fire. Synonym of Erysipelas, q.v. Saint Anthony's fire. Skin. Gangrene of the affected parts; pain. Intense inflammation, with destruction of the affected parts. Chronic ergotism. Epidemic gangrene. TABLE OF EPONYMIC DISEASES.—Confimaged. NAME. PART AFFECTED. SYMPTOMs. PATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY. SYNoNYMs. Saint Apollonia's dis- eaSe. Teeth and jaws. Toothache and pain in the jaws. Neurosis. Caries, etc. Toothache. Saint Avertin’s disease. Synonym of Epilepsy, g. v. Saint Avidus' disease. Synonym of Deafness, g.z. Saint Blase's disease. Same as Saint Blasius’ Disease. Saint Blasius’ disease. Synonym of Quins.y, q. v. Saint Clara's disease. Synonym of Ophthalmia, or Sore Eyes, g. v. Saint Dymphna’s dis- €aSe. Synonym of Insanity, q.v. Saint Erasmus’ disease. Synonym of Colic, g. v. Saint Francis' fire. Synonym of Erysipelas, q.v. Saint Gervasius’ dis- €2.See Synonym of Rheumatism, Q. Z/. Saint Fiacre's disease. Synonym of Hemorrhoids, or of Condylomata, q. w. QN) Saint Giles' disease. Synonym of Carcinoma, or Leprosy, g. z. CO S’ Saint Guy’s dance. Synonym of Chorea, g. v. Saint Hubert's disease. Saint Job’s disease. Saint John’s dance. Synonym of Hydrophoöta, Q. Z/. Synonym of Syphilis, g. v. Synonym of Chorea, g. v. Saint John’s evil. Synonym of Epilepsy, q.v. Saint Lazarus’ dis- €3 Se. Synonym of Leprosy, of Tinea, and of Measles of the Hog, g. v. Saint Main’s disease. Synonym of Scabies, g. v. Saint Martin’s evil. Synonym of Drunkenness, Q. Z/. Saint Mathurin’s dis- 6231SC. Synonym of Insanity, of Idiocy, or of Epilepsy, q.v. Saint Mod estus’ dance. Synonym of Chorea, g. v. Saint Roch’s disease. Synonym of the Buôonic Plague, g. v. Saint Sement’s dis- ea.Se. Synonym of Syphilis, g. v. Saint Valentine’s dis- €2S6. - Synonym of Epilepsy, q.v. Saint Vitus’ dance. Synonym of Chorea, g. v. Saint With’s dance. Synonym of Chorea, g. v. Saint Zachary’s disease. Synonym of Dumbness, Q. 29. Schönlein's pe liosis. See Schönlein's pelio- S2S. Joints and skin. Multiple arthritis; purpuric eruption, with urticaria and erythema; sore throat; fever; articular pains; ede- ma; scanty and albuminous urine; relapses. - Vaso-motor neurosis (?). Males; age 20 to 30; rheumatic origin. Schönlein's disease; peliosis rheu- matica; purpura rheumatica. Stahl’s ear. Ear. Helix flat and, folded over, forming one mass with the anti-helix at its bifurcation. Deformity of ear. Congenital. Stokes’ disease. See Grazyes' disease. Störck’s blennorrhea. Respiratory tract. Chronic mucous discharge. Engorgement of the mucous mem- brane. That of laryngitis. Laryngitis sicca. Cºo Strümpell’s disease. Brain and spinal cord. Those of inflammation of the cord Obscure. Polio-encephalitis; polio-encephalo- and brain; ophthalmoplegia; pro- A myelitis. gressive muscular atrophy. & Sydenham’s chorea. Synonym of Chorea, g. v. Tay’s choroiditis. Eye. Those of central choroiditis; chronic | Changes resembling those in albu- | Old age. Senile guttate choroiditis. course;... symmetric; numerous minuric retinitis; colloid degenera- white, glistening dots, on retina; tion, and calcareous formations in contraction of the field of vision; choroid. SCOtonna. - QO - Thomsen's disease. Muscles of arms and legs. | Tonic spasm or rigidity of the mus- | Hypertrophy of the muscles; increase | Congenital; heredi- || Myotonia congenita. See Thomsen's Dis- cles; myotonic reaction; reflexes in the number of the nuclei. tary. 62&Sø. normal. Thornwaldt's disease. Pharynx, Luschka's gland. Hypersecretion of mucus; hawking; Naso-laryngeal stenosis; formation of Cold. Thornwaldt's bursitis; Thornwaldt- catarrh. a cyst-like cavity in the gland, con itis. taining pus or muco-pus. Tourette's (Gilles de Nervous system. Motor incoördination; echolalia; co- | Psychosis. Early age ; neurotic | Tic convulsif. la) disease. prolalia; in volunt a ry muscular tendency. movements; explosive utterances; echokinesis; fixed mental ideas. Velpeau's hernia. Intestines. Those of femoral hernia. Femoral hernia in front of the vessels, That of hernia. Volkmann's deformity. | Foot. Deformity. Tibio-tarsal luxation. Congenital. Voltolini’s disease. Middle ear. Acute inflammation : cerebral symp- || Inflammation of the labyrinth, Childhood. Purulent labyrinthic otitis. toms; permanent deafness. Wardrop's disease. Matrix of nails. Pain; swelling; redness; tenderness; Intense inflammation. Childhood; trauma- Malignant onychitis; onychia malig- exudation of a fetid, serous fluid ; tism. na; onyxitis. falling off of the affected nails; in- volvement of the bone. Weil's disease. General disease. Remitting fever; chill; muscular pains; jaundice; headache; course, 8-14 days; clay-colored stools; urine albuminous; occasionally hematuria; cerebral symptoms and coma. 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Dissepiment (dis-ep/-e-ment) [dis, apart; sapire, to hedge inj. A partition, septum, or diaphragm. - Dissipation (dis-ip-a/-shun) [dissipare, to scatter]. A dispersion of matter or of the morbid conditions that cause disease. Dissociation (dis-so-se-a/-shun) [dis, apart; sociare, to associate]. In physiology, the separation of the com- ponent elements of a compound. In chemistry, the decomposition of a compound by means of high tem- perature D. Symptom, anesthesia to pain and to heat and cold, with preservation of tactile sensibility and of the muscular sense; it is observed in syringo- myelia. Dissolution (dis-o-lu'-shun) [dissolutio; dissolvere, to set free]. A solution of the continuity of a part. De- composition arising from the death of the body or its parts; death. - Dissolvent (diz-o/-vent) [dissolvere, to loosen, dis- solve]. A solvent. Dissonance (dis'-o-mans) [dissomonare, to disagree in sound]. The combination of such tones as are so dif- ferent from each other as to produce beats. Distad (dis/-tad) [distare, to be at a distance; ad, to]. In the direction of the free extremity of an appendage or part. See Position and Direction, Table of. Distal (dis/-tal) [distare, to be at a distance]. At the greatest distance from the trunk, heart, or mesial line. See Position and ZXirection, Table of D. Clot. See Clot. Distally (dis/-ta/-e) [distare, to be at a distance]. Dis- tad. Distance (dis/-tans) [distantia, distance]. The measure of space between two objects. D., Working, in the microscope, the distance from the front lens of an objective to the object, when the objective is correctly focused. Distemper (dis-tem/-per)[distemperare, to dissolve]. I. Disease; malady; indisposition ; most commonly applied to the diseases of animals. 2. A disease of young dogs, commonly considered as a catarrhal dis- order. D. Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye- stuffs. Disten (dis/-ten) [distare, to be at a distance]. Belong- ing to the distal aspect in itself. - Distention (dis-tem/-shun) [distendere, to stretch]. The state of being dilated. Distichiasis (dis-tić-i/-as-is) [Óig, double; oriyog, a row]. The condition of a double row of eyelashes, the inner rubbing against the globe. Distichous (dis’-tié-us) [ÖigTaxog, having two rows]. In biology, in two perpendicular rows; applied to the arrangement of leaves or other organs. Distillation (dis-til-a/-shun) [destillare, to drop little by little]. The double process of vaporization and condensation of the vapor. This is used mainly in purifying liquids by separating them from non-volatile substances. D., Destructive, the decomposition of a substance in a close vessel in such a manner as to obtain liquid products. The substances that are sub- mitted to destructive distillation are in the main solids, as wood, coal, shales, bones, and animal refuse. D., Fractional, a process of decomposition of complex liquid bodies depending upon the fact that, if a mixture of liquids, each having a different boiling-point, be heated, the one having the lowest boiling-point will pass over first, and if the temperature is not increased beyond that point at which the distillation of this fraction takes place, no other constituent will come over; if the temperature be gradually increased the DISTOCIA others will follow in the order of their boiling-points. In cases in which the boiling-points are close, the action of one substance upon another often prevents exact separations. Distocia (dis-to/-se-ah) [Öiç, double; tākoç, birth]. Delivery or birth of twins. Distoma (dis-toº-mah), or Distomum (dis-to-mum) [Öiç, double; otóua, a mouth]. A genus of trema- tode worms. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Distomiasis (dis-to-mi/-as-is) [Öiç, double; otóua, mouth]. The symptoms produced by the presence of certain trematodes or flukes in the human system. Distomum (dis-to/-mum) [óiç, double; otóua, mouth]. Same as Distoma. See Parasites (Animal), Zable of Distomus (dis-to/-mus). See Diprosopus. Distortion (dis-tor/-shun) [distorquere, to distort]. I. A twisted or bent shape; deformity or malformation, acquired or congenital. 2. A writhing or twisting motion, as of the face; a grimace. Distortor oris (dis-tor/-ter o’-ris) [L., “the distortor of the mouth '' ). The zygomaticus minor muscle. See Muscles, Table of Distribution (dis-trib-u/-shun) [distribuere, to distri- bute]. The branching of a nerve or artery, and the arrangement of its branches within those parts that it supplies. Distrix (dis'-triks) [Öic, two; 6píš, hair]. The splitting of the distal ends of the hair. Disulphate (di-su/-fät) [dis, two; sulphur). In chem- istry, an acid sulphate. Disulphone (di-su/-fon). [dis, double; sulphur]. One of the solid, crystalline, very stable compounds, produced on oxidizing the di-thio-ethers or thio-acetals with a permanganate solution. The disulphones are not attacked by acids or alkalies. Disuse-amblyopia. See Azgamblyopia. Disvulnerability (dis-vu/-mer-ab-i/-it-e) [dis, neg. ; vulnerare, to wound]. The power of abnormally rapid recovery from wounds, said to be a peculiarity of many criminals, Dita Bark (di/-tah) [L.]. The bark of Alstonia scho- Maris, native to the Philippine Islands. It is employed as a tonic and antiperiodic in intermittent fever. Dose of the tincture, 3 j-ij; of the fluid extract, gtt. ij—w ; of the powder, gr. v. Unof. . Ditain (dit/-a-in) [Dital, Cº. Hao N.O. An alkaloid of Aita, occurring as a yellow amorphous substance. Ditamin (dit/-am-in). Same as Ditain. Ditana digitifolia (dit-a/-nah diſ-it-if-o'-le-ah) [L.]. A Mexican plant said to possess galactagogue proper- ties. The existence of such a plant has been ques- tioned. Dithecal (di-ſhe/-ka/) [Öic, two; 6%km, a case]. In biology, having two theeae or anther-cells. Ditokus (dit/-o-kus) [Öic, two; Téketv, to bring forth]. In biology, giving birth to twins, or laying two eggs. Ditrichotomous (di-trik-of/-o-mus) [Öic, two; Tpixa, threefold; tāuvetv, to cut]. In biology, divided into twos and threes. Dittany (dit/-an-e) [American]. See Cunila mariana. Dittel's Operation. See Operations, Table of Dittopsia (dit-top/-se-ah). Synonym of Diplopia. Dittrich's Plugs. Masses of granular matter, degene- rated epithelium, and crystals of the fatty acids (chiefly butyric acid) plugging up the ends of the bronchial tubes in cases of gangrene of the lung. They are yellowish-brown in color, of very fetid odor, and vary in size from a millet-seed to a bean. Diuresis (di-u-re/-sis) [6tá, through ; oupéetv, to make water]. Abnormal increase in the secretion of urine. Diuretic (di-u-ret/-ić) [ótá, through; oupéetv, to make water]. I. Increasing the flow of urine. 2. A 393 DOCIMASY medicine that increases the secretion and flow of urine. Diuretin (di-u-re'-din) [6tá, through ; oupéetv, to make water], C, H, NaN, O, C6H,OHCOONa. Theobromin Sodio-salicylate, containing 50 per cent. of theobromin Salicylate. It has been found useful as a diuretic in pleuritic effusion and cardiac dropsy. Dose 90 grains daily, in 15-grain doses. Diurnule (di-urn/-äl) [Fr.]. A form of medicinal tablet that contains the maximum quantity of a toxic drug that may be administered to an adult in 24 hours. Divagation (di-vag-a/-shun) [divagatio, a wandering]. Incoherence of speech or thought. Divalent (di/-val-ent) [6tc, twice; valens, having power]. Having power to combine with two mono- valent atoms, as a chemic compound. Thus, the oxygen atom and the radical CH, are divalent. Divaricatio palpebrarum (di-war-ik-a/-she-o pal-pe- bra/-rum). Synonym of Ectropion. Divergent (di-ver’-jent) [divergere, to diverge]. Mov- ing in different directions from a common point. D. Strabismus. See Strabismus. Divers’ Disease. An affection similar to Caisson- disease, g. v., common in deep-water divers. D. Paralysis. See Caisson-disease. Diverticulum (di-ver-tik/-u-ſum) [divertere, to turn: pl., Diverticula]. I. A small cul-de-sac or pouch; an offshoot from a main structure; an organ supposed to be a place of lodgment for superfluous blood. 2. Variation from a normal structure; malformation. D., Meckel’s, a sacculation of the ileum, owing to the non-obliteration of the vitelline duct. Divi-divi (div'-e-div'-e) [S. Amer.]. The seed-pods of Casalpinia coriaria, a small tree found in South America. The pods are about three inches long, brownish in color, and generally bent, by drying. into the shape of the letter S. They contain 30 to 50 per cent. of a peculiar tannin somewhat similar to that of valonia, but liable to fermentation. They are used in leather-manufactures. Division (div-izh/-um) [divisio, a dividing]. Surgical section into two or more parts; separation into two or more parts, such as occurs in certain cell-nuclei. Divulsion (di-vu/-shun) [divulsio, a tearing apart]. The surgical or traumatic division of any part by tear- ing it asunder. Divulsor (di-vu/-sor) [L.]. An instrument for effect. ing surgical divulsion, especially of a urethral stric- ture. Dizziness (diz'-e-nes). See Vertigo. Dobell’s Spray, or Solution. Liquor sodii boratis compositus (N. F.); a solution of borax, sodium bicar- bonate, and carbolic acid in glycerin and water; it is valued as a spray for nasal and throat troubles. Dobie's Line, or Stripe. See Lines, Table of. Dochmiasis (dok-mi’-as-is) [66xpuoc, crumpled]. The diseased condition caused by the presence in the body of parasites belonging to the genus Dochmius. Cf. Ankylostomiasis. Dochmius (dok/-me-us) [66xutog, crumpled]. In biol- ogy, a genus of thread-worms of the family Strongy- lidae. See Parasites (Animal), Table of. Docimasia (dos-im-a/-se-ah) [Öok plagia; dokpwéſen, to examine]. I. Examination, especially a post- mortem examination. 2. A test, especially a chemic test, of poisons. 3. In pharmacy, the testing or assaying of medicines. D. pulmonum, a mode of determining whether a child has or has not been born alive, by examination of the lungs. Docimastic (dos-im-asſ-fié) [Öokºuaqia; doktuáčetv, to examine]. Making use of tests; testing; proving. Docimasy (dos/-īm-as-e). See Dosimasia. DOCK Dock (doſº). See Rumex. - Dockmackamus, or Dockmackie (dok-mak’-am-us, or doć'-mak-e) [aboriginal]. The shrub Viburnum acer- ifolium, of N. America; used in domestic practice in poulticing tumors, and as an alterative. Unof. Doctor (dok/-tor) [doctor, a teacher]. A teacher. A title conferred by a university or college. A physician licensed to practise medicine. D. Gum, the resin of A’hus meſopium, a poisonous Sumach of tropical Amer- ica; it is said to be purgative and alterative. The name is given in the W. Indies to various other soft resins. Dodecadactylitis (do-dek - a - dać -fi/-i/-tis) [Óðöeka, twelve; 6&RTvåoç, a finger; truç, inflammation]. In- flammation of the duodenum. Dodecadactylon, or Dodecadactylus (do-dek-a-da/k/- til-on, or -us) [Óðöeka, twelve; 6&ſcrvãog, finger]. The duodenum. Dodecagynous (do-dek-a/-in-us) [666eka, twelve; yvvi, a female]. In biology, having twelve pistils. Dodecamerous (do-dek-am/-er-us) [Óðóeka, twelve; puépog, part]. In biology, having the floral organs in twelves. Dodecandrous (do-dek-an/-drus) [Óðjeka, twelve; ăvăp (ävép-), a male]. In biology, having twelve StamenS. Dodecapetalous (do-dek-a-peſ/-a/-us) [Óðjeka, twelve; Téražov, a leaf J. In biology, having a corolla con- sisting of twelve petals. Döderlein, Bacillus of. Table of Dodging Time. The popular term among women for the period of irregular menstruation of varying dura- tion preceding the full establishment of the menopause. Dog-button. See AVux vomica. Dogma (dog/-mah) [66).pua, opinion; jokéelv, to think]. A tenet or principle taught by authority. A state- ment of medical science. Dog-rose (dog’-roz). See Rosa canina. Dogwood (dog/-wood). See Cornus. Dohrn's Method. A method of dressing the umbilical cord. The stump is covered with cotton-wool fixed with stumps of adhesive plaster. This dressing is likely to be followed by umbilical ulceration. Dolabra (do-la/-brah) [L.]. A name applied to various bandages. D. currens. See Ascia. D. repens. See Ascia. Polabriform (do-lab/-riſ-orm) [dolabra, a kind of hatchet; forma, shapel. In biology, shaped like an axe. Dolbeau’s Operation. See Operations, Table of Doliariin (do-le-a/-re-in) [dolium, a cask]. A vegetable pepsin, like papain and cradin, obtained from Ficus do/iaria, a wild fig-tree of Brazil. It is vermifuge, purgative, and digestive. Unof. Doli capax (do'-li Aa/-pa/s) [L. : pl., Doli capaces]. In legal medicine, one capable of guilt; one able or old enough to distinguish right and wrong; one morally or legally responsible. D. incapax, one incapable, or not old enough to distinguish wrong from right, or to be legally responsible for wrong-doing. Dolichocephalia (do/-ik-o-seſ-a/-le-ah) [60%lyóg, long; kepazh, head]. The condition of being dolichocephalic. Dolichocephalic, or Dolichocephalous (do/-ik-o-seſ: a/-ić, or -sef’-al-us) [60%tyóg, long; Kedańff, head]. Having a relatively long antero-posterior cephalic diameter (applied to skulls or to persons or races). See Anzaler. Dolichohieric (doſ-à-o-hi-er/-i}) [60%26g, long; iepāv, sacrum]. Having a relatively slender sacrum. See A/aſy/hieric. Dolichopellic (do/-ik-o-pe/-ić) [60%tróg, long; ſtáWWa, a bowl]. Having a relatively long or narrow pelvis. See P/a/ſpellic. t See Bacteria, Synonymatic 394 DORSIMESAL Dolor (do’-lor) [dolere, to feel pain]. Bodily or mental pain or suffering. D. colicus. Synonym of Enter- algia. D. dentium, pain in the teeth. See Odon- talgia. Dolores praesagientes, precursory pains felt by women in advance of labor. Domatophobia (do-mat-o-fo/-be-ah) [Óðua, house; @680c, fear]. Insane dread of being in a house; a variety of claustrophobia. Donath's Tests. See Tests, Zable of D. and Mayr- hofer's Test. See Tests, Table of Donda Ndugu [African]. Brother Ulcer; a disease common on the east coast of Africa, due to some minute organism that infests stagnant water and enters an abraded joint of the lower extremities, especially of the lower third of the leg. The part becomes swollen, and a deep-seated slough occurs that burrows beneath the healthy tissues. Death may follow from exhaustion or hemorrhage. Those who recover are generally permanently lamed. Donders’ Glaucoma. See Diseases, Table of D. Law. See Law. D. Schematic Eye, in optics, a device for calculating the path of the rays from one refracting surface to the other. D. Theory, a theory of the formation of glaucoma, in which the disease is supposed to originate in an irritation of the choroid nerveS. - Donegana's Operation. See Operations, Zable of Donne’s Corpuscles, or Globules. See Globule and Colostrum Corpuscles. D. Test. See Tests, Table of Donovan’s Solution. See Arsenic. Doornick’s Horizontal Line. See Zºne. Dorcadizant (dor-kad/-īz-ant) [Öopkačićetv, to leap like a gazelle ; Öopkág, gazelle]. Leaping; characterized by leaps; applied to certain forms of insanity. Doremus's Method. A method of estimating the amount of urea in the urine. It is done by allowing the urine to pass through a solution of sodium hypo- bromite and measuring the gas that is evolved. Dorsad (dor/-sad) [dorsum, the back]. Toward the dorsal aspect; dorsally. See Position and Direction, Table of - Dorsal (dor/-sal) [dorsum, the back]. Pertaining to the back, or to the posterior part of an organ. The term AWezeral is sometimes used in place of dorsal. See Position and Direction, Table of D. Artery. See Artery. D. Decubitus, recumbency in the supine position. D.-elevated Position. See Postures, Table of D. Nerves. See AVerves, Table of D.- recumbent Position. See Postures, Table of D. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of D. semi-recumb- ent Posture. See Postures, Table of Dorsalis pedis (dor-sa/-lis pe/-dis). Table of Dorsen (dor’-sen) [dorsum, the back]. the dorsum in itself. Dorsicollar (dor-se-ko/-ar) [dorsum, the back; collum, the neck]. In biology, having to do with the back and neck. Dorsicumbent (dor-se-kum/-bent) [dorsum, the back; cubare, to lie down]. In biology, supine ; or lying upon the back. Dorsigerous (dor-sij/-er-us) [dorsum, the back; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing the young upon the back. Dorsigrade (dor/-sig-rád) [dorsum, the back; gradi, to walk]. In biology, applied to animals that walk upon the back of the toes, as the armadillo. Dorsi-lumbar (dor-si-lum/-bar). See Dorso-lumbar. Dorsimesad (dor-si-me/-sad) [dorsum, back; uéoov, the middle]. Toward the dorsimeson. See Position and Direction, Table of Dorsimesal (dor si-me/-sal) [dorsum, back; uéoov, the See Arteries, Belonging to DORSI-MESON middle]. Pertaining to the dorsimeson. See Posi- tion and Direction, Table of. Dorsi-meson (dor-si-me’-son) [dorsum, the back; Auéoov, the middle]. The dorsal edge of the meson or median plane of the body. The dorsal, mesal, or median line. Cf. Ventrimeson ; also AEosition and Di- rection, Table of. Dorsiparous (dor-sip/-ar-us) [dorsum, the back; parere, to produce]. Applied to plants that bear fruit on the back of the leaves (ferns), or animals hatching young upon the back (toads). Dorsi-scapular (dor-si-skap/-u-lar) [dorsum, back; scapula, the shoulder]. Relating to the dorsum of the scapula. Dorso- (dor/-so-) [dorsum, back]. A prefix used in connection with the names of such organs as have their attachment to or about the back. Dorsocephalad (dor-so-sef’-a/-ad) [dorsum, back; kepañff, head]. Toward the dorsal aspect of the head. Dorsodynia (dor-so-dim/-e-ah) [dorsum, back; 66üv/, pain]. Omodynia; scapulodynia; pain in the dorsal region; rheumatism of the muscles of the shoulders and upper back. Dorso-lumbar (dor-so-lum/-bar) [dorsum, back; lum- bus, loin]. Relating to the back and the loins. Dorso-sacral Position. See Postures, Table of Dorso-thoracic (dor-so-tho-ra/-sié) [dorsum, back; 6ópaš, thorax]. Relating to the back and the thorax. Dorstenia (dor-ste/-ne-ah). See Contrayerva. Dorsulum (dor’-su-ſum) [dim. of dorsum, the back]. The second dorsal sclerite of the thorax in certain insects. Dorsum (dor/-sum) [L.]. I. The back. The rounded part of the back. 2. Any part corresponding to the back; as the dorsum of the foot, hand, tongue, scap- ula, or penis; in many cases, the upper surface is thus designated. Dorsumbonal (dor-sum/-bo-mal) [dorsum, the back; umbo, a boss]. In biology, pertaining to both the dorsal and umbonal regions in a bivalve mollusc. Dosage (doſ-saj) [66og, a portion given]. A system or method of dosing. See Posology. Dose (dös) [660c, a portion]. The measured portion of medicine to be taken at one time. D., Divided, a mode of administration in which a drug is to be taken in fractional portions at short intervals. D., Maximum, the largest portion of medicine ordered to produce a given result, or the largest dose consist- ent with safety. In this work both minimum and maximum dosage is given under each medicine or preparation. D., Minimum, the smallest quantity of a medicine that will produce physiologic effects. GAUBIUS’ TABLE Of Proportion of Dose According to Age. For an adult, suppose the dose to be . . I, or 60 grains An individual under I year will require ſº, “ 5 * { { { { { 2 years { { * { §, { t 8 & & { { { { { { 3 { { { { { { #, { { IO 6 & & t ſ & ( { 4 & t { { { { #, { { I5 * { ( & { { & £ 7 & ſº * { t iſ §, { { 2O { { ( & { { { { I4. & £ ſ & t & #, { { 30 { { { { { { ( & 2O & ſº ( & & f y { { 4O { { For one of 21 to 60, the full dose, or . . 1, “ 6 & & O Above this age, an inverse gradation must be observed. Dosimeter (do-sim/-et-er) [66ouc, a dose; plátpov, a measure]. A drop-meter; an instrument for measur- ing minute quantities of a liquid. Dosimetric (do-sim-et/-rik) [Öógic, a dose; uétpov, a measure]. Relating to or characterized by dosimetry. Dosimetry (do-sim/-et-re) [66aug, dose ; uérpov, a measure]. The accurate and systematic measurement of a dose or prescribed portion ; the use of drugs in exact and definite doses. 395 DOURINE Dosiology, or Dosology (do-se-o/-o-je, or do-so/-o-je) [Öógag, dose; 7.6).og, science]. Posology; the science of doses. Dosis (do/-sis). See Oose. Dossil (dos-il) [ME., dosiſ, a spigot]. tuft, as of lint. Dotage (döſ/-āj) [ME., dotren]. Feebleness of mind; senility. Dothienenteritis, or Dothinenteritis (doth-e-en-en-ter. i/-tis, or doth-in-en-ter-i/-/is) [600thv, a boil; £vrepov, bowel ; 4Taç, inflammation]. Enteric fever, or the en- teritis that accompanies it. Double (dub/-/) [ME., doublem, to double]. Two-fold. In pairs. D. Athetosis, a manifestation of infantile Spastic paraplegia. D. Chin. See Auccula. D. Consciousness, periodic amnesia; a periodic failure of memory involving all the intellectual functions and the character of the individual; that condition in which a patient seems to have two distinct but alternating lives; it is seen mostly in somnambulists and hyp- notics. D. Flap Amputation. See Amputation. D. Hearing. See ZXip/acusis. D. Monsters. Same as Composite Monsters, g. v. D. Personality, an ab- normal condition in which the subject feels as if he were two distinct personalities, the one alternating con- tinually with the other. It is a symptom of insanity and of poisoning by certain drugs. D. Staining, in microscopy, the impregnation of a structure with two colors in order to show its details. Bacteriologically the application of such staining-reagents as will stain the spores one color and the rods another. D. Touch, the exploration of the vaginal and rectal walls by insert- ing the thumb into the one cavity, and the index finger into the other, so that, e.g., the presence of any abnor- mal growth may be ascertained. D. Vinegar. See Vinegar. D. Vision. See Diplopia. D. Vitriol, a mixture of copper and iron sulphates crystallized together. D. Voice. See Diphthongia. D.Wedge, an instrument used in dentistry for removing an artificial crown from the root of a tooth upon which it has been set. Doubler (dub/-/er). See Doubling. Doublet (dub/-let) [ME., dubſet J. tem consisting of two lenses. Doubling (dub’-ling) [ME., doublem, to double]. A term given to that duplication of dispensary statistics that results from patients coming twice or oftener with different troubles in the course of a year. Such patients are termed ‘‘ alozzó/ers.” Doubly (dub’-le) [ME., doublem, to double]. In a two-fold manner. D. Contoured, in microscopy, an object is doubly contoured when it is bounded by two, usually parallel, dark lines with a lighter band between them. Doubt (dowe) [ME., douſe, fear]. Uncertainty; fear. D., Insanity of, mental disorder in which the patient is affected by morbid doubts and fears, and sub- jects himself to introspective questionings. f Doubting (dowſ/-ing) [ME., doute, fear]. Fearing. D. Mania, a form of volitional disorder in which the reflexive mechanism of the will is over-irritable and reacts to slight stimuli, producing a constant suc- cession of contradictory, absurd, or useless acts. Douche (doosh) [Fr.]. A stream of water directed against a part, or one used to flush a cavity of the body. Douglas’s Cul-de-sac or Pouch. See Pouch. D. Line. See Zines, Table of. D. Semilunar Fold, a thin curved margin that forms the lower part of the posterior wall of the sheath of the abdominal rectus muscle. Dourine (doo/-rin) [Fr.]. A pledget or In optics, a sys. Syphilis in the horse. D'OUTREPONT'S VERSION I)’Outrepont's Version. In obstetrics, indirect version, the head being seized from without by the hand cor- responding to its position, while the other hand, well oiled and folded together like a come, is introduced into the uterine cavity, grasps the presenting shoulder and pushes it toward the side on which the breech is situated. Dover's Powder. See Opium. Dowel (dow’-el) [Fr., douille, a socket]. In dentistry, the piece of wood or metal uniting any artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth. Dowell’s Operation. See Operations, 7able of Doyère, Eminence, Hillock, Papilla, or Tuft of. See Sarcoglia. - Dracaena (dra-se/-nah) [Öpákatva, dragon]. A genus of liliaceous plants, often tree-like. D. cinnabari and D. schizantha (both E. Africa) and D. draco (mainly W. African) afford a part of the so-called dragon's blood of commerce. See Dragon's Blood. Dracol (dra/-ko/). Same as Amisol. Dracontiasis (dra-kom-ti/-as-is) [60ákov, dragon]. Guinea-worm Disease; a skin-disease due to the presence of the fully developed nematode worm, dra- cunculus medimensis, and characterized by the devel- opment of deep vesicles or abscesses. The disease is endemic in India and various parts of Africa and other tropical regions. The female worm is cylin- dric, ſo inch in diameter and about 30 inches long, or even much longer. It may be felt like a cord of soft string under the skin. When about to make its escape it produces itching and discomfort, followed by an abscess. The embryo of the worm gains en- trance into the human body and there develops with the named results. See Parasites (Anima/), Zable of. Dracunculus (dra-Kun'-Aze-/us) [dim. of draco, a drag- on, Serpent]. A genus of thread-worms, belonging to the family Filariidae. See Parasites (Anima/), Table of. D. medinensis. S Pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus. s. See Dracontiasis. Draft, Draught (draft) [AS., dragon, to draw]. I. A quantity of liquid, especially a medicine drunk at one gulp. 2. A mild blister; a poultice. D., Black, compound infusion of Senna. D., Chopart’s, a mix- ture containing balsam of copaiba, alcohol, peppermint water, syrup of balsam of tolu, and sweet spirit of miter. D., Effervescing, one containing sodium or potassium bicarbonate and a vegetable acid. Dragée (drah-2/id/) [Fr.]. A sugar-coated pill, bolus, or comfit; a sugared confection. Dragendorff's Tests. See 7ests, Table of. : Dragendorff and Kossow's Test. See Tests, Table of Dragon Root (drag/-on roof). Indian Turnip. The root of Arum trip/ly//um, acrid, expectorant, and dia- phoretic. Dose of the flá. ext, muxv–3.j. Unof. Dragon's Blood (drag/-onz blud). I. The astringent resin of Calamus rotang and C. draco, E. Indian rat- tan-palms. 2. The resin of various species of Dracaena, 7. v. 3. The resin of Pterocarpus draco, a W. Indian tree. The various kinds of dragon’s blood are astrin- gent, but are now used mainly in the arts and in mak- ing court-plasters. See Pigments, Conspectus of Drain [ME., drainen, to drain]. A channel that re- ceives the drainage or waste water of one building or set of premises. In surgery, a material that affords a channel of exit for the discharge from a wound or cavity. D.-throat, a sore-throat produced by the poison of scarlet fever, and other poisons introduced into the system by breathing the air from defective drains. Drainage (drān/-aj) [ME., drainen, to drain]. I. The provision, by means of tubes or strands of fibers, of a channel of exit for the discharge from a wound or 396 DRILL cavity. 2. See Sewage. D. Anchor, a rubber fila. ment inserted in an abscess or cavity. D.-tube, a rubber tube with perforations for draining wounds or cavities. D. -tube, Decalcified, a decalcified bone (e.g., of a chicken, etc.) used as a drainage-tube. Dram, or Drachm (dram) [ópaxuff, a Greek weight]. The eighth part of the apothecaries’ ounce, equal to 60 grains or 3.8 grams. Also the one-sixteenth part of the avoirdupois ounce, equal to 27.34 grains. D., Fluid, the eighth part of a fluidounce, equal to 60 In IIll IOS. Dramatism (dram/-at-izm) [ópāua, a drama]. In- sanely stilted and lofty speech or behavior. Draper’s Test. See Tests, Table of Drastic (dras/-tié) [Ópáelv, to draw]. I. A powerful and irritating purgative, such as scammony or gamboge. 2. Severe, harsh, powerful. Draught (draft). See Draft. Draw [M.E., drawen, to draw]. to discharge; Said of a poultice. In dentistry, to re- move a tooth from its socket. In andrology, to re- move the urine from the bladder by means of a catheter. D.-bench, a bench for drawing wire, so constructed as to confine a wire-plate at one end, with a roller and windlass at the other end for draw- ing the wire through the plate. Drawer, Gold. An apparatus for use in the dental laboratory to collect gold scraps and filings. Drayman’s Bottom. An enlargement of the bursa situated over the tuberosity of the ischium. Dream (drém) [ME., dremen, to dream]. I. An invol- untary series of images, emotions, and thoughts pre- sented to the mind during sleep. 2. To be conscious of such manifestations. D., Waking, an illusion or hallucination. D., Wet, a term given to the emission of semen during sleep. - Dreamy (dre/-me) [ME., dremen, to dream]. Full of dreams. D. State, a common psychic aura of epi- lepsy in which the patient experiences a sensation of strangeness or sometimes of terror. It may be associated with flashes of light or auditory aurae. Drechsel’s Test. See Tests, Table of. Drechsler's Test. See Tests, 7able of Drench [ME., dremchen, to drench, drown]. In veterinary practice, a draught of medicine. Drepanidium (dre-pan-id'-e-um) [ópetrávn, a sickle]. The sickle-shaped young of certain protozoans. D. ranarum, a (probably) parasitic cytozoön of frogs' blood. Dressed Mouth (drest mowth). That condition pro- duced by the fraudulent practice of filing the teeth, used to make an old horse appear young. Dresser (dresſ-er) [ME., dressen, to make straight]. An attendant (in English hospitals, usually a student) whose special duty it is to dress and bandage wounds, and attend to other ward work. Dressing (dres/-ing) [ME., dressen, to make straight]. I. The application of a bandage, lint, or other sub- stance to a wound or ulcer. 2. The material so applied. 3. In metallurgy, the mechanical treatment that an ore receives after being brought to the surface; concentration, Dressler's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Drewsen’s Test. See Zests, Table of Drill (dri/) [AS., thyrelian, to pierce]. A surgical instrument used in perforating bones, calculi, or teeth. D.-bone, a flat osteoma. D.-bow, a bow and string for rotating a drill-stock, effected by passing the String around it, and moving it backward and forward. D.-stock, an instrument for holding and turning a drill, either by the thumb and finger or by a handle. D.-stock, Flagg’s, an instrument for drilling into the To digest and cause DRIMYS pulp-cavity of a tooth for the purpose of giving egress to matter formed there in the process of suppuration of the pulp. • Drimys (dri/-mis) [Öptuiç, piercing]. A genus of magnoliaceous trees, largely S. American. D. gran- atensis, D. mexicana, and D. winteri afford Winter's Bark, an aromatic and stimulant tonic, formerly-in repute as an alterative. Unof. Drink [ME., drinken, to drink]. To swallow a liquid. The liquid that is swallowed. A draught. Dripping Sheet (drip/-ing she?). A means of reduc- ing temperature in fever, entirely distinct from the wet pack. The patient is placed erect in a tub containing twelve inches of water at Iooº. A linen sheet (the coarser the better) is dipped in water at 70°, which is reduced daily two degrees until 48° is reached. This sheet is thrown over the patient from behind, covering the head and body, so that it clings to the person. The attendant now makes rapid passes with both hands, beginning anteriorly and posteriorly, so as to produce friction and afflux of blood to the surface. Occasion- ally cold water at from 40° to 70° is thrown on from a cup and friction renewed. The procedure is also said to be useful in anemia. - Drivelling (driv'-e/-ing) [ME., drincen]. I. An invol- untary flow of the saliva, as in old age, infancy, idiocy, and mental stupor. 2. Senile weakness of mind. Drivers’ Spasm (dri/-verz spazm). See Spasm. Dromograph (drom/-o-graf) [Öpóplog, a course; Ypápetv, to write]. An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood-current. Drop. See Gutta and Minim. ules or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let fall from the womb. 3. A spheric mass of fluid-material. D.- culture, in bacteriology, a culture prepared by placing a drop of the infected material in a culture-medium. D.-meter. See Dosimeter. D.-serene. See Gutta serena. D.-shoulder, the condition in which one shoulder is on a much lower level than the other; not uncommonly met with in hysterical girls. - Dropped Hand, or Wrist (dropſ hand or rist). A form of paralysis from lead-poisoning, consisting in the inability to contract the extensors of the forearm. D. Foot, a deformity, especially observed in alco- holic peripheral neuritis, and dependent upon weak- ness of the flexors of the foot. Dropper (drop/-er) [ME., droppem, to drop]. A bottle, tube, or pipet, fitted for the emission of a liquid drop by drop. See Stopper-dropper. Dropsical (drop/-sik-al) [56pop, dropsy]. with or pertaining to dropsy. Dropsy (drop/-se) [iópop, dropsy]. See Hydrops. D. of Belly. See Ascites. D. of Brain. See Aydro- cephalus. D., Cardiac, that due to failure of compen- sation in cardiac disease. D., False, an accumula- tion of liquid in a cavity of an organ from obstruction of the outlet; a retention-cyst. D. of Chest. See Aydrothorax. D. of Peritoneum, ascites, hydro- peritoneum. D. of Pericardium, hydropericardium. D. of Spine. See Spina bifida and Hydrorrhachis. D. of Testicle. See Hydroceſe. D. of Uterus. See Aydrometra. Drosera (drosſ-er-ah) [Öpoospáç, dewy]. Sundew; the D. rotundifolia, native of U. S. and Europe. An antispasmodic, useful in whooping-cough and other spasmodic coughs. Dose of the fluid extract muv-xx; of the tincture (I in Io) my—xv. Unof, Droserin (dros’-er-in) [Ópocepóc, dewy]. A ferment resembling pepsin and found in the digestive secretions of most of the insectivorous plants. Drown [ME., drownen, to drown]. To deprive of life by immersion in a fluid. 1. To let fall in glob- Affected 397 DRYING OILS Drowning (drown/-ing) [ME., drownen, to drown]. Depriving of life by immersion in a fluid. D., Intra- uterine. See /ntra-uterine. D., Treatment of. See Artificial Respiration. Drowsy (drow’-ze) [AS., drāsan, to sink]. to sleep; sleepy. Drug [ME., drugges]. A substance, simple or com- pound, natural or prepared, single or mixed with other substances used as a medicine. D., Antago- nistic, one that neutralizes the action of another by a process other than chemic. D.-eruptions. See Aermatitis medicamentosa. D.-habit, the acquiring of a tolerance for a drug after long administration, by which its physiologic action in normal dose is abolished. This may be avoided by intermitting the remedy from time to time. Druggist (drug/-ist) [ME., drugges]. One who deals in drugs. Drum [ME., drumme]. The tympanum. The laby- rinth of a bird. D.-belly. See Zympaniſes. D. of Ear. See Zympanum. D.-head. See Memôrama tympani. Drumin (drum/-in) [Drummond, a botanist]. A name given to the alkaloid extractive of Æuphorbia drum- mondii, an Australian plant. It is said to be a local anesthetic, and is claimed, also, to be an impure calcium oxalate. Unof. See Anesthetic. Drummers’ Palsy (drum/-erz paw/-ze). A form of occupation-neurosis, dependent upon the constrained attitude of the hand in beating a drum. Drummond's Whiff. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Drumstick - bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Drunkard (drumk/-ard). One given to excessive in- dulgence in spirituous drinks. D.'s Liver, a cir- rhotic liver. D.’s Pneumonia, a grave form of pneumonia occurring in drunkards; it is usually fatal. Drunkenness (drunk/-em-nes) [AS., drumcen, drunken]. Acute or habitual alcoholic intoxication. See Alcoholism, Dipsomania, Inebriety. Drupe (drip) [ópúſtra, an over-ripe olive]. In biol- ogy, a stone-fruit, as the cherry, peach, and plum. Drupelet (drip/-/et) [ópüTTa, an over-ripe olive]. A little drupe. Drupetum (dru-pe/-fumi) [drupa, a drupel. In biol- ogy, an aggregation of drupes, as in a blackberry. Druse (dras) [Ger.]. A wound that does not com- municate with any surface; a rupture of the tissues with no superficial lesion. Dry (dri) [ME., drye]. Inclined I. Without moisture. 2. Barren. 3. To evaporate. D.-ash System. See Ary-earth System. D. Belly-ache. See Girdle- pain. D. Caries. See Onychomycosis. D. Cup- ping. See Cupping. D.-earth System, Dry-ash System, a method of disposing of feces by mingling with them dry earth or ashes in sufficient quantity to absorb all moisture from them, so as to render them inodorous and to prevent decomposition. D. Gan- grene. See Gangreme. D. Itch. Synonym of Michen. D. Labor, one in which there is but a slight discharge of liquor amnii. D. Mouth. See Xeros- tomia. D.-nurse, a nurse who attends and feeds a child, but does not suckle it. D. Pile, a hemorrhoid that does not bleed. D. Pleurisy, pleurisy without effusion. D.-scall, a synonym of psoriasis. D.- swimming, swimming exercise in the air, a useful gymnastic measure. D. Tetter. See Psoriasis. D. Wine, a wine containing little or no sugar. See Wizzes. Dryer's Test. See Tests, Table of: Drying Oils. See Oils and A'ats. DRYSDALE'S. CELLS OR CORPUSCLES Drysdale’s Cells or Corpuscles. Certain microscopic cells in Övarian fluid, generally round, sometimes oval in form, transparent, containing fine granules, but no nucleus. They have been described as pathognomonic of ovarian cysts, but this is disputed. * Dualin (du/-a/-än) [dual, of two J. An explosive com- posed of a mixture of nitro-glycerin 50 parts and nitrated sawdust 50 parts. Giant powder and rend- rock are similar mixtures. Dualism (du/-a/-igm) [duo, two.]. A system by which natural phenomena are explained upon two principles. D., Chancrous, the theory of the existence of two forms of chancre—the non-infecting, or Soft chancre, and the infecting, or true (hard) chancre, Dualistic (du-al-is/-tiâ) [dual, of two.]. Characterized by duality. D. Theory of the Composition of Carbon-compounds ; every chemic compound is composed of two groups, electrically different, and these are further made up of two different groups or elements. The Electro-chemic, dualistic theory of Aerzelius was prevalent in Germany until about 1860. Duality (du-a/-it-e) [dualitas, dual]. Dualism; the supposed distinction, and potentially independent ac- tion, of each of the cerebral hemispheres. Dubini's Disease. “Electric chorea;” Inyelitis con- vulsiva ; a malady met with in Italy, differing from chorea in the character of the movements, which are Sudden and shock-like ; in the course of the disease, which is progressive and often fatal; and in the ad- dition of muscular palsy and wasting. Its etiology and pathology are obscure. See Diseases, Table of Dublin Method. See Treatment, Methods of Dubois’ Caustic. See Caustic. Duboisia (du-bois/-e-ah) [after Dubois, a French botan- ist]. The leaves of D. myoporoides, an Australian tree. It resembles belladonna in physiologic and therapeutic effects. D., Ext. Dose gr. W6–%. D., Ext. Fld. Dose mu v-x. D., Tinct. Dose mu v-xx. Duboisin (du-bois/-īn)[after Dubois, a French botanist], Cio HºngO. An alkaloid from Duboisia myoporoides, identical with hyoscyamin. Dubrueil’s Operation. See Operations, Table of Duchenne's Disease. See Diseases, Zable of D. Paralysis. See Diseases, Table of. D.-Aran Type of Muscular Atrophy. See Diseases, Table of Duck-bill Forceps. See Forceps. D. Speculum. See Speculum. Duckett's Closet. See Sewage, Disposal of Duck-foot (du//-foot). Synonym of Flat-foot. Duck-legged (duk-leg’-ed). Duck-weed Disease (du//-wed dis-à2/). name for tuberculosis in cattle. Duckworth’s Theory. The neuro-humoral theory of the origin of gout. It is that there is a basic, arthritic stock, a diathetic habit, of which gout and rheumatism are two distinct branches. The gouty diathesis is expressed in (a) an abnormality of the nerve-centers, which may be inherited or acquired; and (b) a peculiar incapacity for normal elaboration within the whole body, whereby uric acid is formed at times in excess or is incapable of being duly transformed into more soluble and less noxious products. Duct, or Ductus [ducere, to lead]. A tube for the con- veyance of the fluids of the body. D., Aberrant, a small, blind, coiled tube, 2 to I4 inches in length, run- ning from the lower portion of the canal of the epi- didymis. D., Aberrant Bile, one of a number of biliary ducts, occasionally found in the left lateral ligament of the liver. They are not surrounded by lobules and are the remains of hepatic substance, present at an early stage of development. D., Acous- tic, the external auditory meatus. D., Adipose, one of A German 398 Having very short legs. DUCT the sacs in cellular tissue containing the fat. D., Air, in biology, one of the intercellular spaces in aquatic plants, containing air. D., Alimentary. See Z}., Thoracic. D., Alveolar, one of the infundibula of the bronchioles. D., Annular, in biology, one of the ring-shaped thickenings of the cells of vascu- lar tissue. D. of Arantius. See D. venoszes. D., Archinephric. See D., Mesonephric. D., Arterial. See D. arteriosus. D. arteriosus, a short vessel in the fetus between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta. It becomes obliterated at birth. D., Auditory, the space between the membrana tectoria and the membrana basilaris of the cochlea. D. of Bartholin, the larger and longer of the sublingual ducts, opening into the mouth near to, or in common with, Wharton's duct. D. of Bellini, one of the excretory tubes of the kidneys. D., Biliary. See D., Common Bile. D. of Botal. See D. arteriosus. D., Branchial, in Myzontes, a short tube between the branchial pouch and the intestinal cavity. D., Canalicular, one of the smaller galactophorous ducts of the mammae. D., Cement, in Cirripedia, one of a number of tubes that pass through the antennae from the cement-glands. D. choledochus. See D., Common Bile. D., Cochlear. See Canal, Cochlear. D., Common Bile, a duct about three inches long formed by the union of the cystic and hepatic ducts, and convey- ing the bile to the duodenum. D. of Cuvier, in the fetus, one of two short transverse venous trunks, on either side, opening into the auricle of the heart, each being formed by the union of a superior vein, the primitive jugular, and an inferior vein. The right one becomes the superior vena cava; the left one disappears. D., Cysthepatic. See Aepato-cystic. D., Cystic, the excretory duct of the gall-bladder; it is about I }4 inches long, runs backward, downward, and to the left and unites with the hepatic duct to form the common bile-duct. D. of Darwin. See D., Cement. D., Definitive, one of the straight milk-ducts in the nipple. D., Efferent. Same as Canal, Zeferent. D., Egestive. See D., AExcretory. D., Ejaculatory, a duct about an inch long, on either side of the body, formed by the union of the was deferens and the seminal vesicle. The semen passes through it into the urethra. D., Endolymphatic, a tubular process of the mem- branous labyrinth of the ear, passing through the aqueduct of the vestibule into the cranial cavity, where it terminates below the dura mater in a blind enlarge- ment, the sacculus endolymphaticus. D., Esophago- cutaneous, in biology, a duct joining the esophagus with the branchial pore, and thus with the exterior. D., Excretory, the tube through which the secretion of a gland is discharged. D., Galactophorous, one of the 15 or 20 milk-ducts of the lobes of the mammary glands. They converge toward the areola, and ter- minate upon the surface of the nipple in small de- pressions. D., Gall. See D., Bile, D., Hepatic, and D., Cystic. D. of Gärtner, the canal of Gärtner. See Canal. D., Genital, the genital canal. See Canal. D., Guttural, the Eustachian tube. D., Hepatic, a duct, I }4 inches long, formed at the margin of the transverse fissure of the liver by the right and left hepatic ducts. It unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile-duct. D., Hepatic, Left, a duct arising from the left lobe of the liver, and joining the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. D., Hepatic, Middle, an occasional branch of the hepatic duct, conveying the bile from the quad- rate lobe of the liver. D., Hepatic, Right, a duct arising from the right lobe of the liver, and joining the left hepatic duct, to form the common hepatic duct. D., Hepato-cystic, one of the biliary ducts emptying DUCT 399 directly into the gall-bladder. D., Hepato-pancreatic, a duct conveying the secretions of the liver and pancreas into the intestinal canal ; the common bile-duct. D., Hermaphrodite, a duct that in hermaphroditic animals receives the male and female elements. D., Hemi- thoracic, an ascending branch of the thoracic duct, given off high in the thorax, and opening either into the right lymphatic duct or close to the angle of union of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins. D. inferens, in certain Adentata, one of the ducts leading from the submaxillary glands to a common receptacle for the secretion of the gland. D., Inter- cellular, the intercellular canal. See Canal. D., Interlobular, Bile, one of the ducts situated between the lobules of the liver. They are of two varieties, small and large. D., Intralobular, Bile, one of the intralobular canals. See Canal. D., Lachrymal. See A., AWasal. D., Lactiferous. See D., Galactophorous. D., Leydig’s. See D., Mesonephric and D., Oro- genital. D., Lymph. See D., Thoracic. D., Lym- phatic. See ZX., 7%oracic. D., Lymphatic, Left. See D., Thoracic. D., Lymphatic, Right, the vessel that receives the lymph from the absorbent vessels of the right arm, the right side of the head and neck, the chest, lung and right side of the heart, and also from the upper surface of the liver. It terminates at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins. D., Mammary. See D., Galactophorous. D., Mesone- phric, an embryonic duct belonging to the mesone- phron, and formed by the longitudinal fission of a por- tion of the segmental duct. In the male, it becomes the was deferens, while in the female it almost entirely disappears. D., Metanephric, the Ureter, g. v. D., Milk. See ZX., Galactop/horous. D., Muco. See Canal, muzzcozas. D., Mucous. See Cana/, /zzacous. D. of Müller, a tube (on either side of the body) formed by the undivided portion of the segmental duct, and of the longitudinal tubes into which it divides. From them in the female are developed the ovi- ducts, uterus and vagina, while in the male they atrophy and disappear. D., Nasal, the duct, 9% an inch long, that conveys the tears from the lachrymal sac into the inferior meatus of the nose. D., Naso-lachrymal. See D., AWasa/. D., Nuckian, one of the excretory ducts of the orbital gland of the dog. D., Omphalic. See D., Vitel/ine. D., Omphalo-mesenteric. See D., P'i/e/line. D., Pancreatic, a duct that extends from the pancreas to the duodenum at the point where the common bile-duct enters the bowel. D., Pancreatic, Accessory, the excretory duct of the lesser pancreas, opening into the pancreatic duct or into the duodenum, close to the orifice of the common bile-duct. D., Pancreatic, Supplementary. See D., Pancreatic, Accessory. D., Parotid. See D. of Stensen. D. of Pecouet, the thoracic duct. D., Pneumatic, in fishes, the tube that connects the swimming-bladder with the esophagus. D., Pronephric. See D., Seg. mental. D., Prostatic, one of the ducts conveying the Secretion of the prostate into the urethra. D., Reticulate, in biology, an aggregation of parenchy- matous tissue-cells, in which the thickenings assume the form of a network. D. reuniens, a small duct leading from the saccule to the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea. D. of Rivini, one of the ducts of the sublingual gland. D., Roriferous. See D., 7%oracic. D., Sacculo-utricular, a small canal connecting the Saccule of the internal ear with the utricle. D. of Santorini. Same as D., Pancreatic, Accessory. D., Scalariform, in biology, one of numer- ous parallel narrow and elongated bordered pits in plant-cells set close together like the rounds of a ladder. D., Secretory, one of the smaller ducts of a gland, DULCAMARA tributaries of the excretory duct. D., Segmental, in embryology, a tube, on either side of the body, situated between the visceral and parietal layers of the mesoblast, opening anteriorly into the body-cav- ity, and posteriorly into the cloaca. D., Seminal. See D., Ejaculatory. D., Spermathecal, in certain Mo//usca, the duct that connects the spermatheca with the hermaphrodite duct. D., Spermatic, the Vas deferens; g. v. D., Spiral, in biology, the prosen- chymatous cell-tissue, the walls of which are marked by spiral thickenings. D. of Steno. See D. of Stensen. D., Stenon's. See D. of Stensen. D., Stenonine. See D. of Stensen. D. of Stensen, I. a duct about 2% inches long, conveying the secretion of the parotid gland into the mouth, opening on the inner side of the cheek, about opposite to the second upper molar tooth. 2. See Cana/, /mcisive. D., Sub- lingual. See D. of Æivini and D. of Bartholin. D., Tear, the nasal duct. D., Testicular, the vas de- ferens, g. v. D., Thoracic, a duct 18 to 20 inches long, extending from the receptaculum chyli, in front of the vertebrae as far as the seventh cervical vertebra, where it curves down over the subclavian artery and empties into the left subclavian vein at its junction with the left internal jugular vein. It receives the lymph and chyle not received by the right lymphatic duct. D., Thyroglossus, in the embryo, a duct that termi- nates upon the tongue as the foramen cecum, and leads to the rudiments of the thyroid body. D., Trabecular, in biology, prosenchymatous tissue-cells, in which thickenings cross the lumen of the cell. D., Uro- genital, in biology, a duct that receives the urine and the genital products. D., Uropygial, in birds, a duct leading from the uropygial gland. D., Uroseminal. See D., Cro-genita/. D. venosus, the smaller, shorter, and more posterior of the two branches into which the umbilical vein divides after entering the abdomen. It empties directly into the ascending vena cava. After the birth of the fetus it becomes oblit- erated. D., Vitellarian, the canal in which an ovum receives its investment of albuminoid substance. D., Vitelline, a temporary channel of communication be- tween the alimentary canal of the embryo and the umbilical vesicle. D., Vitello-intestinal. See ZO., 17telline. D. of Wharton, the duct, about two inches long, of the sublingual gland, opening in the mouth at the side of the frenum linguæ. D. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. D., Wolffian, the mesonephric duct. D., Yellow. See Canal, Eschricht’s. Ductule (du//-chii/) [duc/u/us, a small duct]. A small duct, as the straight seminal ducts. Dudgeon’s Recipe. A formula for varnish to preserve sphygmographic and cardiographic tracings. It con- sists of one ounce of gum dammar dissolved in six ounces of rectified benzolin. Dudley’s Operation. See Operations, Zable of D. Tests. See Zests, 7 able of Dufios’ Tests. See Tests, Zab/e of Dugas’ Test. A method of diagnosis in dislocation of the shoulder. If the hand of the affected side is made to clasp the opposite shoulder, the elbow cannot be made to touch the front of the chest. Dugong Oil (die/-gong). The fixed oil afforded by the dugong, Halicore australis, a marine sirenian mam- mal. It is regarded as a good substitute for cod-liver oil. Duhring’s Disease, or Impetigo. See /m/e/igo, Der- matitis herpetiformis, and Diseases, Table of. Dulcamara (du/-Kam-a/-ra) [du/camara, bitter-sweet]. Bittersweet. The young branches of D. solanum, containing several glucosids and an alkaloid. Its properties are not well understood. It causes nausea, DULCAMARIN emesis and convulsive muscular movements, and in toxic doses is a narcotic poison. It is now employed in psoriasis and similar skin-diseases. D., Fld. Ext. Dose 3.j. D., Decoctum, unof., Io per cent. strength. Dose 3.j-ij. Dulcamarin (dul-Kami-a/-rin) [dulcamara, bitter-sweet] C22Hs, Olo. An alkaloid of Bittersweet. It is a yel- low, amorphous powder, with a sweetish-bitter taste, sparingly soluble in water, freely so in alcohol and acetic acid, insoluble in ether and chloroform. Dulcin (du/-sin). See Dulcitol. Dulcite (du/-sit). See Dulcitol. Dulcitol (du/-sit-o/) [dulcis, sweet] CSPIMOs. Dulcin, dulcite; an hexahydric alcohol occurring in various plants, and obtained from dulcitol manna (originating from Madagascar manna). It is made artificially by the action of sodium amalgam upon milk-sugar and galactose. It crystallizes in large monoclinic prisms, having a sweet taste. It is sparingly soluble in water, and melts at 188°C. It is said to be two hundred times as sweet as sugar. Dull (dºul) [ME., du/, stupid]. 2. Not resonant on percussion. pearance. 4. Not sharp; blunt. Dullness (du/-nes) [ME., du/, stupid]. The quality of being dull, in any sense; lack of resonance on percussion. Dulong and Petit’s Law. See Law. Dulse (du/s) [Gael., duiſeasº, dulse]. A popular name for various edible sea-weeds, such as Rhodymenia palmata. These are popularly esteemed as pectoral remedies. Unof. Dumas, Method of. A method for the determination of nitrogen. In a glass tube (from 70 to 80 cm. long) sealed at one end, place a layer (about I cm.) of dry, primary sodium carbonate or magnesite, then pure cupric oxid (6 cm.), afterwards a mixture of the sub- stance with the cupric oxid; then again pure granular cupric oxid (from 20 to 30 cm.), and finally fill the tube with pure copper turnings (about 20 cm.). In the open extremity of the tube is placed a rubber cork, bearing a gas-delivery tube, which extends into a mercury bath. The back part of the combustion-tube, con- taining the carbonate, is heated first, to expel the air from all parts of the apparatus. A graduated cylinder, filled with mercury, is placed over the extremity of the exit-tube; into the tube containing mercury sev- eral cubic centimeters of concentrated potassium hy- droxid are introduced by means of a pipet. The metallic copper and the layer of cupric oxid in the anterior portion of the tube are first heated and then gradually the mixture. When the combustion is com- pleted, heat is applied to another part of the sodium carbonate layer. The graduated vessel, containing pure nitrogen, is placed in a large cylinder of water, allowed to stand a short time until the temperature is equalized, when the volume of gas is read and the tem- perature of the surrounding air and the barometer- height are noted. G - Y {} — wy 760 U 1 + o-oo:367 G = the weight of the nitrogen volume in grams. V = the absorbed volume in cubic centimeters. h = the barometric pressure. w = the tension of aqueous vapor at the temperature I*C. o.oO12562 = the weight, in grams, of I c.c. of nitrogen at O’C., and 760 mm. pressure. - Dumb (dum) [ME., dumb, mute]. Unable to utter articulate speech. D. Ague, a popular expression for ague or malarial sickness marked by obscure symp- toms. D.-bell, a weight consisting of two iron balls connected by a shaft, used in exercise for health and I. Slow of perception. 3. Not bright in ap- X o.o.o. 2562 400 DUPLICANA development. D.-bell Crystals, crystals of calcium oxalate, sometimes seen in the urine. D.-cane, the Caladium seguineum, or Dieffenbachia seguinea, a W. Indian plant; when bitten it causes the lips and mouth to swell, and thus may produce temporary inability to speak. The plant is used in preparing an ointment, and is said to be useful in dropsies. Dumbness (dum/-nes) [ME., dumb, mute]. Inability to utter articulate speech. Dumetose (du/-met-ös) [dumus, a bramble]. In biol- ogy, belonging to a thicket; bush-like. Dumont’s Blue. Same as Smalts. - Dumose(du/-mâs) [dumus, a thorn-bush]. In biology, bushy, or pertaining to a bush. . Dumoutier’s Horizontal Plane. See Plane. Duncan's Operation. See Operations, Table of Dung [ME., dung, dung]. Excrement; feces; ordure. D.-bath. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. D.-hill, a heap of dung. Dunga (dum/-gah). Synonym of Dengue. Dunging (dung/-ing). See Pigments, Colors, and Aye-stuffs. - Dunham's Solution. A culture-medium composed of sodium chlorid, 5 parts; dried peptone, I part; distilled water, IOO parts. Duodenal (du-o-deſ-mal, or du-od’-en-al) [duodeni, twelve each]. Relating to the duodenum. D. Ulcer, ulceration of the duodenum. It may be acute, as after severe burns or scalds, or after exposure to extreme cold; or (more commonly) it may be chronic, occurring usually in old alcoholic males. Its most frequent seat is in the first part of the duodenum, either on the anterior or posterior wall. It is probably due to the action of the gastric juice upon the intestinal wall which has been devitalized as the result of some form of malnutrition. Perforation and fatal peritonitis may ensue if the ulcer be situated on the anterior wall. Duodenitis (du-o-den-i/-tis) [duodeni, twelve each; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the duodenum. Duodeno-cholecystotomy (du-o-deſ-no-ko-le-sis-tot/- o-me) [duodeni, twelve each; 26%m, bile; Küoric, bladder; oróua, mouth]. An operation for establish- ing an artificial communication between the gall-blad- der and duodenum. Duodeno-enterostomy (du-o-deſ-no-en-ter-os/-to-me) [duodeni, twelve each; Śvrepov, bowel; otóua, mouth]. The establishment of an artificial communication be- tween the duodenum and some portion of the small intestine. Duodeno-jejunal (du-o-deſ-no-jej-u/-nal) [duodeni, twelve each; jejunus, dry]. Pertaining to the duo- denum and the jejunum. Duodeno-renal (du-o-deſ-no-re/-mal) [duodeni, twelve each; ren, the kidney]. Relating to the duodenum and to the kidney. Duodenostomy (die-o-de-nos/-to-me) [du o de n um, otópia, a mouth]. The operation of opening the duo- denum, and the attachment of the lips of the intes- tinal slit to the walls of the abdomen, in order to form an artificial mouth for the introduction of nutriment. Duodenotomy (die-o-den-of/-o-me) [duodenum ; tāuvetv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the duodenum. Duodenum (du-o-deſ-num, or du-od’-en-um) [duodeni, twelve each ; so called because it is about twelve finger-breadths long]. The first part of the small in- testine beginning at the pylorus. . Duotal (du/-o-tal). Guaiacol carbonate, CigO,H, a crystalline substance; it is used in tuberculosis. Dose gr. iij-viij, three times a day. Duplay's Operation. See Operations, Table of Duplicana (du-plić-a/-nah) [duplicare, to double]. A double tertian ague. DUPLICATION Duplication (du-plić-a/-shun). Same as Reduplication, 4. Z/. - Duplicature (du/~plić-a-chur) [duplicare, to double]. The reflection, or folding of a membrane upon itself. Duplicity (du-plis/-īt-e) [duplicitas, doubleness]. The condition of being duplex or double. Dupuytren’s Contraction. See Diseases, Table oſ. D. Hydrocele. See Diseases, Zable of. D. Oint- ment, an ointment used to correct baldness. It con- tains ox-marrow 250, lead acetate 4, balsam of Peru 8, diluted alcohol 30, tinct. of camphor, I }%, tinct. of cloves and tinct. of cinnamon, each I. D. Opera- tion. See Operations, Table of D. Splint, a splint used in the treatment of Pott’s fracture of the keg. D. Suture. See Suture. Dura (du/-rah) [durus, hard]. The Dura mater, g. v. D. mater, the outer membrane of the brain and spinal cord. It is divided into the cerebral and spinal or rhachidian dura, and its cerebral portion is in part identical with the endocranium. D. m., testis, the tunica albuginea of the testis. Duraematoma (dur-em-at-o’-mah). See Durematoma. Dural (du/-ral) [durus, hard]. Pertaining to the dura. Duramen (dur'-am-en) [durare, to harden]. In biology, heart-wood. Durande's Solvent. A solvent for biliary calculi; it consists of three parts of ether and two of turpentine, administered in capsules immediately before meals. D. Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of Duration (du-ra/-shun) [durare, to last]. Continuance in time. D. of Life, several methods of ascertain- ing the duration of life are employed : I. The Mean Age at Death; 2. the Probable Duration of Life; 3. the Mean Duration of Life; 4. the Expectation of Life, or mean after-lifetime; and 5, the number living out of which one dies annually. According to the English Life-table No. 3, the mean age at death is 40.9 years, but this test is, for several reasons, fallacious, though it is of exceptional interest when the deaths from various diseases are considered. See Probable D. of L., Expectation of Life, and Life-table. Durematoma (dur-em-at-o'-mah) [dura, hard; alua, blood; bud, tumor; pl., Durematomata]. Hematoma of the dura; an accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid. - Durene (du/-rem) [durus, hard] CoFIIs. ...A hydrocar- bon, present in coal-tar. It is a crystalline substance that possesses a camphor-like odor; it melts at 79–80° C., and boils at I90° C. Dürer, Angle of. See Angle. D., Plane of. See Plane. Durham's Tube. The lobster-tail tube largely used in tracheotomy. Durilic Acid (du-riſ/-ić). See Acid, Durilic. Duro-arachnitis (du/-ro-ar-ak-ni/-tis) [durus, hard ; āpážvn, a spider; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the dura and arachnoid membrane. Duroziez' Murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Ta- ble of Dusart-Blondlot's Test. See Tests, Table of Dust-occupations. Those that from the nature of the particles of the dust produced may give rise to pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, or bronchitis. Dutch (duch) [ME., Dutche]. Pertaining to Holland, D. Bitters. See Latifta. D. Gold, an alloy of copper and zinc. D. Liquid. See Etheme Chlorid. D. Mineral, copper beaten out into very thin leaves. D. White. Same as Hamburg. White. Duval's Operation. See Operations, Table of Du Verger, Suture of. See Suture. D. Method. See Operations, Table of Duverney, Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of D. Glands. See Gland. 401 DYNE Dware's Test. See Tests, Table of. Dwarf (dworf) [ME., dwarf]. A being characterized by completed physical development, but having the various parts of unnaturally small dimensions, owing to insufficient growth. This condition is frequently associated with sterility and impotence. See AVanism, Manus. D. Elder, the Aralia hispidia. Its root is a valuable diuretic. Dose of fló. ext. 3.j-ij. Unof. D. Tape-worm. See Zoenzia mana. Dyad (di/-ad). See Quantivalence. Dyaster (di-asſ-ter) [Öiç, two; āotàp, star]. In biology, the karyokinetic figure assumed by the aster of a divid- ing nucleus before the formation of the stars at the ends of the nuclear spindle. It is the sixth stage of Aaryokinesis. - Dye (di) [ME., dyen, to dye]. To color a substance by immersing it in some coloring-matter. The ma- terial used as a coloring-substance. D.-stuffs. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. Dyer’s Broom. See Pigments, Conspectus of Dyerism (di’-er-izm) [Dyer, the physician who proposed it]. A simple means of giving exercise to all the ocular muscles at once. It consists merely in reading a certain definite small amount daily, and increasing that amount systematically as the strength of the eyes increases. Dyerizing (di/-er-iz-ing). See Dyerism. Dynam (di/-nam). See Dyne. Dynamia (di-na/-me-ah) [60 valug, power]. I. Ability to resist diseases, or to withstand the effects of any strain, physical or mental. 2. The sthenic character of any attack of disease. Dynamic (di-nam/-ié) [óðvapuç, energy]. Pertaining to energy. In medicine, a synonym of Sthenic, g. v. D. Squint. See Insufficiency. Dynamics (di-nam/-iks). See Mechanics. Dynamite (di’-nam-it) [60 vaug, power]. An explo- sive consisting of nitro-glycerin incorporated with in- fusorial earth, to give it consistency. It is eight times as powerful as gunpowder. Dynamization (di-nam-iz-a/-shum) [Öinaug, power]. The so-called potentizing of medicines by comminu- tion and agitation. Dynamo (di/-nam-o) [óðvaluç, power]. A dynamo- electric machine; a machine that generates dynamic, or current electricity, instead of static electricity; one in which the current is generated by revolving coils of insulated wire through the field of a magnet inten- sified by the same current. Dynamogeny (di-nam-oj/-en-e) [Öinapug, energy; yew- vāv, to beget]. The production of energy; the phys- iologic generation of force. Dynamograph (di-nam/-o-graſ) [Óivapuc, power; Ypá- getv, to write]. An instrument designed to measure and graphically record muscular strength. Dynamometer (di-nam-om/-et-er) [6trauc, power; pérpov, a measure]. An instrument designed to DYNAMOMETER OF MATHIEU. (Landois.) measure force, or one for the measurement of muscu- lar strength, particularly of the hand. Dyne (din) [óüvapug, power]. A force sufficient to 26 DYS impart a velocity of one centimeter per second to a mass of one gram. See AElectric 'Onits, Dys- [Övç-,j a prefix implying difficulty, illness, bad- ness; it may be represented by bad, hard, difficult, painful. Dysacousma (dis-ak-ooz/-mah) [Övg, painful; drovoia, hearing]. A sensation of pain or discomfort caused by loud or even moderate noises. Dysacusia, or Dysacousis (dis-ak-oo/-ze-ah or -sis) [Övg, hard; drovoia, hearing]. Hardness or difficulty of hearing. Dysaesthesia (dis-es-the-ge-ah). See Dysesthesia. Dysalbumose (dis-a/-bu-möz). See Albumose. Dysanagnosia (dis-an-ag-no/-ze-ah) [Övg, hard; āvāy- vootg, recognition, reading]. Word-blindness; dys- lexia. Dysaphe (dis’-afe) [Övg, painful; dºff, touch]. bid state of the sense of touch. Dysapocatastasis (dis-ap-o-AEat-asſ-tas-is) [óvç, hard; &Tokatáo Taoig, reëstablishment]. Morbid restlessness and dissatisfaction. - Dysaponotocy (dis-ap-o-mot/-0-se) [Övç-, difficult; &To- vog, painless; Tókoç, birth.]. Painless, but difficult, labor. Dysarthria (dis-ar/-//re-ah) [óvg-, difficult; ip6pov, articulation]. Impairment of the power of speech- articulation, from disease of the medulla and pons. D. literalis. Synonym of Stammering. Dysarthrosis (dis-ar-thro/-sis) [Övc-, bad; ip6pov, a joint]. I. A deformed joint. 2. A dislocation of a joint. Dysbasia (dis-ba/-2e-ah) [Övç-, difficult; 360tg, a step]. Difficulty of walking. (Proposed instead of abasia, as in the affection there is rarely absolute inability to walk. Dysbulia (dis-buſ-le-a/) [Övç-, difficult; 300%eoffat, to will]. Impairment of will-power. Dyscataposis (dis-Kat-ap/-o-sis). Synonym of Hydro- phobia. Dyschroa, or Dyschroea (dis'-Aro-ah or -&re/-ah) [Övg-, bad; Ypoã, color]. Discoloration, especially of the skin. Dyschromatopsia (dis-Aro-mat-o/-se-ah) [Övç-, ill ; Aſpöua, color; 6 pug, vision]. Difficulty in distin- guishing colors. Dyschromia (dis-Aro/-me-a/.) [Övç-, ill; Aſpöua, color]. Discoloration, especially of the skin. Dyschylia (dis-ki/-/e-a/) [óvç-, ill; xvAóg, chyle]. Disorder of the chyle. - Dyscinesia (dis-sin-e/-ze-a/) [Övº-, ill; kivmotç, mo- tion]. Difficult or painful motion. Dyscoria (dis-ào'-re-a/) [Övº-, bad; kópm, pupil]. Ab- normality of the form of the pupil. Dyscrasia (dis-AEra/-ze-ah) [Óug-, bad; Kpdatc, combi- nation]. A depraved or abnormal state; an abnor- mal or impure condition of the blood, due to general disease. rºw Dyscrasic, Dyscratic (dis-Arag/-ić, dis-kraſ’-i}) [Övç-, bad ; Kpáoug, combination]. Of the nature of, or af. fected with a dyscrasia. Dysecoea, or Dysecoia (dis-es-e'-ah, or dis-eſº-oi/-ah) [Övo/Koja, deafness]. Hardness of hearing. Dysenteria (dis-en-ſe/-re-ah). See Dysentery. D. splenica. Synonym of Melena. Dysenteric (dis-en-ſer/-i/) [Öug-, bad ; Évrepov, the bowels]. Of the nature of or affected with dysentery. Dysentery (dis/-en-ter-e) [Övc-, bad ; Śvrepov, , the bowels]. An acute specific disease marked by inflam- mation of the solitary glands and follicles of the large intestine, with tormina and tenesmus, and the frequent passage of scanty and bloody stools. Death may result from asthenia, or peritonitis from perforation. Mor- 402 A false-joint. 3. DYSMENORREIEA Toward the close of grave cases of the disease the stools may become watery, black (the so-called “meat- washings”), and of an offensive gangrenous odor, Dysentery is prevalent in all malarious regions, and is also likely to occur among troops when the food is poor and irritating, and the drinking-water impure. D., Algid, that form characterized by great feebleness or absence of the pulse-beat, cyanosis, aphonia, Sup- pression of urine, cold surface, and an early fatal issue. D., Amebic, that in which the Ameeba coli is found in the stools. D., Hemorrhagic, a grave bowel-disease in India, marked by profuse hemor- rhages from the bowels, with collapse. D., Sporadic, a mild type occurring in temperate climates. D., White, an epidemic variety, with muco-purulent stools. Dysepulotic (dis-ep-at-loſſ/-ić) [óvç-, bad; Štrovãortkóg, healing]. Cicatrizing slowly and imperfectly. Dysesthesia (dis-es-the'-ze-ah) [óvç-, difficult; atoffmotº, sensation]. Dulness of any sensation, especially that of touch. 2. Painfulness of any sensation not nor- mally painful. D. interna, amnesia, D. receptiva, pain or distress felt in the vertex or occiput, often with a feeling “as if the head were being opened and shut.” Dysgenesis (dis-jen/-es-is) [Övg-, hard; yévêqug, genera- tion]. In biology, the second of Broca's four degrees of fecundity—in the union of two species. Cf. Agene- sis, Paragenesis, Eugenesis. Dysgeusia (disju/-se-ah) [Övg-, ill; yewog, taste]. Morbidity or perversion of the sense of taste. Dysgrammatism (dis-gram/-a/-äzm) [Övç-, difficult; ypáppia, a letter]. Inability to make the proper use of words. It is a symptom of certain cerebral diseases. Dysgraphia (dis-graſ’-e-ah) [Övg-, difficult; Ypápetv, to write]. I. Inability to write, as a result of a brain- lesion. 2. Imperfect configuration of an organ. Dyshidrosis (dis-ſhid-ro/-sis). See Dysidrosis. Dysidrosis (dis-id-ro/-sis) [Övg-, bad; tdpoolg, sweat- ing]. Excessive activity of the sweat-glands, in asso- ciation with a retention of their secretion, probably due to some neurotic disorder. See Chiropompholyx, Aompholyx. - Dyskinesia (dis-kin-e'-se-ah) [Övç-, difficult; Icívmouc, movement]. Impairment of the power of voluntary motion. See ZXiscúzesia. Dyslalia (dis-la/-le-a/) [Övc-, difficult; Wałęiv, to talk]. Impairment or difficulty of speaking, due to some non-central lesion (such as a defect of the vocal bands or of the palate). Dyslexia (dis-leks’-e-ah) [Övg-, difficult; 2.Étg, read- ing]. Morbid or aphasic difficulty or fatigue in read- Ing. Dyslochia (dis-loſ-AEe-ah) [Övg-, bad; A6xta, the lochia]. An abnormal condition of the lochial discharge. Dyslogia (dis-/o/-je-ah) [Övc-, difficult; Wóyoc, speech]. Difficulty in speech, not so much with individual words as with the expression of ideas; it is due to some central lesion. See also Alogia. Dyslysin (dis’-ſis-in) [Övç-, difficult; Aſerv, to dissolve], C., HaaCs. A resinous anhydrid of cholalic acid. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies. It is a non-crystalline substance soluble in an excess of ether. Dysmenorrhea (dis-men-or-e'-ah) [óvº , difficult; pińv, month; béetv, to flow]. Obstructed or difficult men- struation. D., Congestive, a form of painful men- struation in which often no lesion can be found, the pain being due to an intense congestion of the pelvic viscera. In other cases there exists some morbid con- dition that is aggravated by the menstrual congestion. D., Intermediate, pain occurring regularly each month, but not at the menstrual period. D., Me- chanical. See D., Obstructive. D., Membranous, DYSMEROGENESIS painful discharge of the menstrual decidua in one or more large pieces, instead of after undergoing disin- tegration, D. Mixture. See Guaiac Mixture, Fen- ner's. D., Neuralgic. See D., Spasmodic. Also, a term applied to Meurotic dysmemorrhea, g. v. D., Neurotic, a peculiar form of dysmenorrhea occurring in women of neurotic temperament and marked by neuralgic pains, not confined to the pelvis, but dis- tributed over the body. D., Obstructive, that due to mechanical obstruction to the free escape of the menstrual fluid. It is usually due to contraction of the cervical canal, associated with anteflexion of the uterus. D., Ovarian, that form in which the pain is apparently entirely in the ovaries. It is aching or burn- ing in character and referred to the ovarian center, a spot at the level of and about two inches internal to the anterior superior iliac spine. D., Spasmodic, that form of dysmenorrhea due to spasmodic uterine contraction. It is often associated with deficient uterine development. * Dysmerogenesis (dis-mer-o-jen/-es-is) [Övg-, bad; ué- pog, a part; Yevvāv, to beget]. In biology, a variety of budding in which the various buds are very dis- similar. - Dysmimia (dis-mim/-e-ah) [Övº-, difficult; upieioffat, to mimic]. Aphasic difficulty in using signs or sym- bols in lieu of words. Dysmnesia (dis-mne/-ze-a/.) [Övç-, difficult; plvñozg, memory]. Impairment or defect of the memory. Dysmorphia (dis-mor/-fe-a/) [Övº-, ill; uoppſ, form]. Deformity. - Dysmyotonia (dis-mi-o-to/-ne-ah) [Övg., bad; uiç, a muscle; Tôvog, tone]. I. Atony of the muscles. 2. Excessive tonicity in muscles; myotonia. Dysneuria (dis-nu/-re-ah) [óvc-, bad; veipov, nerve]. Nervous disorder or distress; sense-impairment. Dysnusia (dis-nu/-ze-ah) [Öug-, bad ; voic, mind.]. Weakness or impairment of the mind. - Dysodia (dis-o’-de-ah) [Övaſodia; 6vç-, ill; 6.etv, to smell]. Fetor; stench; ill smell. Also a synonym of Khimitis atrophica, Q. v. Dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-fi/-as-is) [Övº-, bad; 660V- tíagug, dentition]. Difficult dentition. Dysodynia (dis-o-dim/-e-ah) [óvç-, ill; 6óövm, pain]. Ineffective labor-pains. Dysopia (dis-o’-pe-ah) [Övootia; Övc-, bad; top, eye). Defective or painful vision. D. tenebrarum. Syn- onym of Hemeralopia. Dysorexia (dis-or-eks/-e-ah) [óvº-, ill; Śpeștſ, appetite]. A depraved or unnatural appetite. Dysosmia (dis-oz/-me-ah) [Övç-, ill; bopuff, odor]. I. An unpleasant or fetid odor. 2. Loss or impairment of the sense of smell. Dysosphresia (dis-os-fre/-ze-ah) [Övç-, ill; 50 ppmoag, smell]. Impairment of the sense of smell. Dysostosis (dis-os-to/-sis) [óvc-, ill; botéov, bone]. Defective formation of bone. Dyspareunia (dis-par-oo’-ne-a/.) [Övotápévvog, ill- mated]. Painful or difficult performance of copula- tion from physical incompatibility. Dyspepsia (dis-pep’-se-a/.) [Övc-, difficult; tréſºretv, to digest]. Impaired or imperfect digestion. It may be acute, from some error in diet, or chronic, due to catarrh of the mucous coat of the stomach, the presence of abnormal ferments, or to other slowly-acting patho- logic conditions of the viscus. D., Atonic, a derange- ment of the stomach, with disorder of its functions, due to insufficient quantity or impaired quality of the gastric juice, or to deficient action of the gastric muscles. D., Colonic. See Enteritis, A/embranous. D., Duode- nal. See Enteritis, Membranous. D., Follicular. Synonym of Ænteritis, Memôramous. D., Intestinal, 403 DYSSTASIA due to defects in the pancreatic, biliary, or in- testinal secretions, or to deficient peristalsis. It is marked by borborygmi, flatulence, etc. D., Irrita- tive, the catarrhal form of imperfect gastric digestion. D., Nervous, that form characterized by sensations of distress and uneasiness during digestion, although the act is accomplished within the physiologic time- limit. It occurs most frequently in those of the neu- rotic constitution. D., Smokers’. See /)., Zobacco. D., Tobacco, that due to excessive use of tobacco. Dyspepsodynia (dis-pep-so-din/-e-ah). Synonym of Gastra/gia. Dyspepsy (dis-pep/-se). See Dyspepsia. Dyspeptic (dis-pep/-fi/%) [Övg-, difficult; Tétretv, to di- gest]. I. Relating to or affected with dyspepsia. 2. One who has dyspepsia. Dyspeptone (dis-pep/-tän) [Övº-, difficult; Tétretv, to digest]. An insoluble and unassimilable product of the gastric digestion of proteids. See Metapeſtone and Hemiprotein. Dysperistalsis (dis-per-is-ſa/-sis) [Övg-, painful; Tepi, around ; otážatc, compression]. Violent peristaltic action of the intestine. Dyspermatism (dis-per/-mat-izm) [övg-, difficult; otépua, seed]. Difficulty of depositing the sperm within the vagina. Dyspermia (dis-perm/-e-ah). See Dysspermia. Dysphagia (dis-ſa/-je-ah) [Övç-, ill; payetv, to eat]. Difficulty in swallowing, or inability to swallow. D., Convulsive. Synonym of Æsophagismus. D. glo- bosa, globus hystericus. D. hysterica. Synonym of Globus hystericus. D. spastica, dysphagia due to hysteric spasm of the esophagus or pharynx. Dysphasia (dis-ſa/-ze-ah) [óvc-, ill; Qāoic, speech]. Imperfect or disconnected speech, arising from loss of or faulty arrangement of words, and dependent upon a central lesion. Dysphonia (dis-foſ-ne-ah) [Övº-, difficult; pov), voice]. A condition of defective voice; hoarseness. It is due to some acute or chronic inflammatory condition, new- growths, paralysis, or ulcerations of the vocal bands. D. clericorum, chronic glandular laryngitis; clergy- man's sore-throat, 7.7. D. spastica, speakers’ cramp; stammering of the vocal bands. Dysphoria (dis-ſo'-re-ah)[Övg-, difficult; ºpetv, to bear]. Impatience and restlessness; mental anxiety; fidgets. Dysphrasia (dis-fra/-zhe-a/) [Övç-, ill; ºpáoug, speech], Imperfect speech, due to impairment of the mental powers. Kussmaul's term for a mental condition in which the emotion is opposed to the words designed to express it. Dysphrenia (dis-fre/-ne-ah) [Övg-, bad; ppäv, mind.]. Any mental disorder. [Övç-, difficult; Tvéety, to Dyspnea (disp-me/-ah) breathe]. Difficult or labored breathing, arising from various causes, as laryngeal or tracheal obstruction, heart-disease, kidney-disease, lung-disease, or anemia. It may be either inspiratory or expiratory, according as it is mainly dependent upon the muscles of inspira- tion or expiration; or it may be general, that is, both inspiratory and expiratory. D., Asthmatic, that due to asthma. D., Cardiac, that due to heart-disease. D., Postural. See Orthopnea. D., Renal, that due to renal disease. D., Uremic, that due to uremia, D., Rhythmic. See Cheyne-Stokes /ēespiration. Dyspneic (disp-ne/-ié) [Övg-, difficult; Tvéew, to breathe]. Affected with or caused by dyspnea. D. Coma. See Coma diaceticum. Dysspermia (dis-sper/-me-a/) [Övc-, ill; otépua, seed]. An imperfect or abnormal condition of the semen. Dysstasia, or Dystasia (dis-ſa/-ze-ah) [Övg-, ill; otáotç, standing]. Difficulty in standing. A term DYSTAXIA proposed for astasia, as in this affection there is rarely absolute inability to stand. D. Dysbasia. See Astasia-abasia. Dystaxia (dis-taks/-e-ah) [Övg-, bad; tāšic, regulation, order]. Ataxia, or partial ataxia. Dysteleologic (dis-te-le-o loj/-ić) [Övç-, ill; TéAeog, per- fect; %6)0g, science]. Pertaining to Oysteleology. Dysteleology (dis-te-le-o/-o-je) [Övg-, ill; t&Aeog, perfect; Aóyoç, science]. The study of rudimentary and useless organs, such as the vermiform appendix. Dysthanasia (dis-than-a/-ze-ah), [ćvº-, painful; 0áva- Tog, death]. A slow and painful death. Dysthelasia (dis-thel-a/-ze-ah) [Övg-, ill; 67%;elv, to suck]. Difficulty in sucking or in giving suck. Dysthesia (dis-the-ze-ah) [Övoteréetv, to do, or feel ill]. I. Ill condition, especially ill health due to a non- febrile disorder of the blood-vessels. 2. impatience; fretfulness; ill-temper in the sick. Dysthetic (dis-theº/-ié) [Övofferéetv, to do or feel ill]. Of the nature of a dysthesia; cachectic. Dysthymia (dis-thim/-e-ah) [óvç-, bad; butóg, mind.]. Melancholy or mental perversion. D. algetica, men- tal perversion due to peripheral nerve-irritation. D. neuralgica, mental perversion due to facial or other neuralgias. Dystithia (dis-tith/-e-ah) [Övg-, difficult; tirth, a nipple]. Difficulty of nursing or inability to nurse at the breast. Dystocia (dis-to/-se-ah) [Övg-, difficult; Tókoç, birth]. Difficult labor. D., Fetal, difficult labor due to such 404 EARTH fetal irregularities as displacement of the arm, exces- sive size, plural pregnancy, monsters, etc. D., Ma- ternal, due to some defect on the side of the mother, as pelvic deformity or disease. Dystonia (dis-to/-ne-ah) [óvº-, ill; Tôvoc, tone]. Dis- order or lack of tonicity. Dystopia (dis-to/-pe-ah) [Övç-, ill; Tôtoč, place]. Dis- placement of any organ. Dystrophia (dis-tro/-fe-a/). See Dystrophy. Dystrophic (dis-tro/ºff) [óvç-, bad; Todºm, nourish- ment]. Poorly nourished. - Dystrophoneurosis (dis-tröſ-o-nu-ro/-sis) [Övg-, bad; tóppm, nourishment; veipov, a nerve; v6ooç, disease]. A disturbance of nutrition caused by abolition or perversion of nervous influence; or a nervous disease caused by ill-nutrition. Dystrophy (dis/-tro-fe) [Övg-, bad; Tpópm, nourish- ment]. Imperfect or faulty nourishment. D., Prim- ary Muscular. See Atrophy, Idiopathic Muscular. Dystropodextrin (dis-tro-po-deks/-trim) [övg-, bad ; Tpétretv, to turn ; dexter, right]. A starchy material existing in normal blood, and but slightly soluble. Dysulotous (dis-uſ-lo-tus) [Övooúñoroc; dug-, bad; oiº, scar]. Healing with difficulty. Dysuria (diz-u/-re-ah) [Övg-, ill; oipov, urine]. Difficult or painful urination ; it may be due to calculi, cystitis, spasm, stricture. r Dysuric (diz-u/-rié) [Övc-, ill; oipov, urine]. Affected with or relating to dysuria. Dysury (diz/-u-re). Same as Dysuria, E. Abbreviation of Eye and Emmetropia. E. M. F. Abbreviation of Ælectro-motive Aſorce. Ext. Abbreviation of Extractum. Eagle-wood (e/-g/-wood). See Agallochum. Ear (ěr) [ME., ere, ear]. The organ of hearing. It consists of the outer or external ear, the middle ear or tympanum, and the internal ear or labyrinth. Il- lustrated details are shown in the annexed cuts. E.- ache. See Otalgia. E.-bone, an auditory ossicle. E., Cat's, a deformity of the ear, causing it to resem- ble the ear of a cat. E.-cough, reflex cough from irritation or disease of the ear. E.-crystal, an oto- lith. E.-deformities. That insane, imbecile, and idiotic persons often have deformities of the external ear is a fact well established. Among the named de- formities are the following: AE/ainzøø//e's ear desig- nates asymmetry of the two ears. Cagoč ear is an ear with no lower lobe ; but it is asserted that this is a peculiarity of the Lapps, and not of the Cagots. Darwin's ear lacks the upper part of the helix, and the remainder of the helix contains nodules of carti- lage. Morel’s ear is large, flattened down, as if ironed, with a thin.rim and depressed folds. In Stahl’s ear the helix is flattened and masked with the anti- helix, neither the fossa ovalis nor the fossa Scaphoidea being visible. In Wildermuth's ear the anti-helix is unduly prominent. See also Æematoma auris and Diseases, Table of E., Drum of. See Zympanum. E.-dust, the otoconia, 7. v. E.-finger, the little finger. E., Flap, a deformity of the ear in which it is pendulous, as in certain animals. E.-giddiness, a synonym of Ménière’s Disease. E.-hole, the exter- nal auditory meatus. E., Inflammation of. See Otitis. E., Internal, the Labyrinth, g. v. E.-lobe, the lobe of the ear. E., Middle. See Tympanum. E.-sneezing, sneezing produced by inflammation of the ear. E.-spoon, a curet used in removing cer- umen. E.-stone. See Oſolith. E.-trumpet, an instrument for gathering a larger number of waves of sound to a focus, and thus improving the hearing of those partially deaf. E.-tumor, Æaematoma auris, q. v. E.-vertigo, a synonym of Ménière’s Disease. E.-vomiting, reflex vomiting from auditory dis- ease. E.-wax. See Cerumen. E.-wig, an insect (Forſicula auricularia) erroneously supposed to have a fondness for secreting itself in the external audi- tory meatus. Earth (erº) [ME., erthe, earth]. In chemistry, a name given to various metallic oxids or silicates, not soluble in water and not affected by great heat. E., Alkaline, the oxids and hydrates of calcium, magne- sium, strontium, barium, and other metals of the same group. E.-bath, a sand bath. See Bath. E., Ci- molian. See Cimolian. E.-closet, a privy in which the dejecta are disposed of by the Dry-earth System, 7. v. E.-cure, the therapeutic use of earth, soil, mud, or sand. E.-dressing, a dressing of earth for wounds, bruises, etc. It has marked deodorizing powers. E., Fuller's, a clay used as an absorbent dressing for sores. See also Ammotherapy, Bole. EAR E.-worm, a common soil-inhabiting worm, Lumbricus terrestris. An oily liniment prepared from earth- worms is vulgarly held in high esteem as a relaxant for contracted tendons. In Russia a preparation of earth-worms is highly valued as a diuretic. THE EAR. I. Pinna, or auricle. 2. Concha. 3. External auditory canal. Membrana tympani. 5. Incus. 6. Malleus. 7. Manu- brium mallei. 8. Tensor tympani. 9. Tympanic cavity. Io. Eustachian tube. II. Superior semicircular canal. 12. Pos- terior semicircular canal. 13. External Semicircular canal. 14. Cochlea. I5. Internal auditory canal. 16. Facial nerve. 17. Large petrosal nerve. 18. Vestibular branch of auditory nerve. 19. Cochlear branch. AUDITORY OSSICLEs. I. Head of Malleus. 2. Processus brevis. , 3. Processus gracilis. . . 4. Manubrium. 5. Long process of in- cus. 6. Articulation between incus and stapes. 7. Stapes. CochleA (LAMINA SPIRALIS OSSEA). I, I, I. Surrounding bony structure. 2. Senni-infundibuliform lamella. 3. Its concave surface. 4. Concave border in which it terminates. 5. Anterior extremity of this border. 6. Cupola, superior two-thirds removed. 7. Inferior portion of base of semi-infundibuliform lamella. 8, 8. Lamina spi- ralis ossea. 9. Its origin. Io. Its beak or terminal portion, II, II. Scala tympani 12. Scala vestibuli. 13. Internal auditory canal. 14, Fossa at the base of the modiolus. 405 OSSEOUS LABYRINTH OF THE EAR (LAMINA SPIRALIS OSSEA). 1, 2, 3. Semicircular canals. 4. Vestibule. 5. Ampulla, 6. Fov e a semi-elliptica. 7. Fovea hemispherica. 8. Coch- lea. 9. Origin of lam in a spiralis ossea. Io. Foramen rotundum. OSSEoUS AND MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH OF THE EAR. I. Vestibular branch of audi- tory nerve. 2. Branch for Sacculus. 3. Branch for utric- ulus. 4. Branch for ampulla of membranous posterior semicircular canal. 5. Branch for ampulla of external canal. 6. Branch for ampulla of supe- § canal. 7. Cochlear ranch of auditory nerve. 8. Cochlea. MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH OF THE EAR. Distribution of the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve to the membranous labyrinth ; membranous vestibule and semicircular canals. X 3. - I. Vestibular branch. 2. Saccular branch. 3. Utricular branch. 4. Branch to ampulla of external membranous semicircular canal. 5. Branch to ampulla of superior membranous semi- circular canal. COCHLEA. I. Scala tympani. 2. Scala vestibuli. 3. Anterior or triangu. lar canal. 4. Posterior or quadrilateral canal. 5, 5. Spiral ligament. 6. External spiral sulcus 7. Memblana tectoria, or membrane of Corti. S. Membrana basilaris 9. Spirai vessel. Io. Limbus laminae spiralis. I 1. Pillars of organ of Corti. I2. Branch of , cochlear nerve, 13. Gangiion spirale. I4. Branch of cochlear nerve between the lanellae of the lamina spiralis ossea. 15. One of the orifices by which this branch penetrates the canal of Corti. 16. Part of bony cochlea. 17. Lining periosteum. IS. Membrane of Reissner. EASTON's SYRUP Easton’s Syrup. See Ferrum. Eat (ef) [AS., etan, to eat]. To masticate and swallow food. - - - Eau (o) [Fr.]. Water. E. de Cologne, cologne water. E. de Vie, brandy; alcoholic spirit. Eberth's Bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of E’s. Lines. See Zines, Zable of . Ebner’s Glands. See Gland. Eboli's Test. See Tests, Zable of Ebonite (eb/-on-it) [ebon, ebony]. See Vºe/cazzºte. Ebracteate (e-brak/-te-āt) [e, priv.; bractea, a thin plate]. In biology, destitute of bracts. Ebrietas (e-bri/-et-as) [L.]. Synonym of Alcoholism. Ebriety, Ebriosity (e-bri/-et-e, e-bre-osſ-et-e). Synonym of A/co/ho/isme. Ebstein’s Theory. A theory as to the origin of gout. He claims that a nutritive tissue-disturbance is the pri- mary change, leading to necrosis, and in the necrotic areas the urates are deposited. E.'s Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of Ebullition (eb-ul-lish/-un). See Boiling. Ebur (e/-bur) [L.]. Ivory. E. dentis, dentine, q.v. Eburnation (e-bur-ma/-shun) [ebur, ivory]. I. In- crease of the earthy constituents of bone causing greater size and density of the same. 2. Ossification of a cartilage ; calcareous infiltration of a tumor. Eburneous (e-bur/-me-us) [ebur, ivory]. In biology, ivory-white. - Ecalcarate (e-Éa/-AEar-āé) [e, priv.; calcar, a spur]. In biology, destitute of a spur or spur-like process. Black hard rubber. Ecarinate (e-kar/-in-āt) [e, priv.; carina, keel]. In biology, destitute of a carina or keel-like structure. Ecaudate (e-kazv'-dāt) [e, priv.; cauda, a tail]. In biology, tailless; without a tail-like appendage. See Acalada/. Ecballium (ek-baſ'-e-um). See Flaterium. Ecblepharos (ek-bleſ’-ar-os) [ék, out; 32.Épapov, eye- lid.]. An ancient form of artificial eye. Ecbloma (ek-b/o/-mah) [ék, out; 36.2%uv, to cast]. An abortion ; an aborted fetus. - Ecbolic (ek-bo!’-ić) [ékfložň, a throwing out]. I. Abor- tifacient. 2. A substance used to produce abortion, or to facilitate parturition; an abortifacient. Ecbolin (eA/-bo/-in) [šk, out; 30%, a throw]. An alkaloid said to be one of the active principles of ergot. Little is known about it. Ecbolium (ek-bo'-le-um) [škó6%tov ; Śk, out; 36%etv, to throw ; pl., Ecôolia]. Any abortifacient drug. Eccentric (ek-sen'-trié) [ék, out; kévrpov, center]. I. See AExcentric. 2. Odd or peculiar in behavior, but free from insanity. E. Amputation. See Amputa- tion. E. Convulsion, one due to peripheral irritation. Eccentricity (ek-sen-tris/-īt-e) [ék, out; kévrpov, center]. I. Oddness or peculiarity of behavior without true in- sanity. 2. A peculiarity. Ecchondroma (ek-Aon-dro'-mah) [šk, out; zóvópoc, car- tilage : pl., Ecchondromata]. A cartilaginous tumor; a chondroma. Ecchondrosis (ek-kom-dro/-sis) [ék, out; zóvópoc, car- tilage; pl., Ecchondroses]. A cartilaginous out- growth. Ecchondrotome (ek-Aom/-dro-tam) [Šk, out; zóvópoc, cartilage; Touác, cutting]. An instrument for the surgical removal of cartilaginous growths. Ecchymoma ſº...” [Škripºopia, an ecchymo- sis; pl., AEcchymomaſa]. A tumor made up of extrav- asated blood. Ecchymosis (ek-e-mo/-sis) [škxvſlöeoffat, to extravasate blood]. An effusion of blood into the subcutaneous tissues. It is marked by a purple coloration of the skin, the color gradually changing to brown, green, 406 ECHINOPEDIUM and yellow. It is often the result of traumatism. See, also, Purpura. Ecchymotic (ek-e-mot/-ié) [škxvuóeoffat, to extravasate blood]. Relating to or looking like ecchymosis. Ecchysis (eA/-Ais-ás) [Škrvoic, a pouring out]. Any skin-disease characterized by effusion into the dermal tissue. Eccoprosis (ek-o-prof-sis) [Šk, out; kóTpog, feces]. Gentle purgation; defecation. Eccoprotic (ek-o-prot/-ić) [šk, out; kóTpoc, feces]. I. Gently aperient. 2. Any aperient remedy; a purgative, Eccrinology (ex-rin-o/-0-ſe) [škpivetv, to excrete; %yog, science]. The science of excretion, including its physics, physiology, and pathology. Eccyesis (ek-si-e'-sis) [.æk, out; kimotº, pregnancy]. Extra-uterine gestation. Eccyliosis (ek-se-le-o’-sis) [.æk, out; kvåtely, to roll]. Any disorder of development. - Ecdemic (ek-dem/-ié) [ÉKömplog, away from home]. Applied to diseases originating in a distant locality; not endemic. . Ecdemiomania (ek-de-me-o-ma/-ne-ah), or Ecdemo- mania (ek-de-mo-ma/-ne-ah) [škómuoc, away from home; plavia, madness]. Insanity marked by a de- sire for wandering. Ecdemionosus (ek-de-me-on/-o-sus) [škómuéetv, to wan- der; v6oog, disease]. Ecdemiomania. Ecderon (e/-der-on) [Šk, out; 6épog, skin]. I. That layer of skin or mucous membrane that lies outside of the enderon. 2. The outermost or epithelial layer of skin or mucous membrane. Ecderonic (ek-der-on/-ić) [ék, out; 6époc, skin]. longing to or of the nature of the ecderon. Ecdysis (ek/-dis-is) [ékóðelv, to cast off]. the sloughing or casting off of the skin. Ecgonin (eA/-go-min), C, His NOs--H,O. An alkaloid produced in the decomposition of cocain by HCl. It is very soluble in water, more sparingly in alcohol, and consists of prismatic crystals that melt at 205° C. Echidnin (e-kid"-nin) [éxiàva, viper]. I. Serpent- poison; the poison or venom of the viper and other similar serpents. 2. A nitrogenous and venomous principle found in the poison-secretion of various ser- pents. Echinacea (ek-in-a/-se-ah) [škivoc, a hedgehog). A genus of coarse composite plants of N. America. E. angustifolia. Black Sampson. The root of a peren- nial herb growing in the U. S. It is claimed that it possesses marked alterative value in strumous and syphilitic conditions. Dose of the fluid extract muxv- xxx. Unof. Echinate (ek/-in-āţ) [echinatus, prickly, from echinus, a hedgehog). Beset with prickles. Echinochrome (e-ki/-no-Arām) [éxivoc, a sea-urchin; Apôpia, color]. In biology, a brown pigment of respiratory function found by MacMunn in the peri- visceral fluid of Æchinzes. Echinochromogen (e-ki-no-kro/-mo-jen) [Éxivoc, a sea-urchin; Apóſia, color; yévnç, producing]. In biology, the chromogen causing the deepening of color in echinochrome on exposure to air. Echinococcus (e-ki-no-Koź/-us) [éxivoc, a hedgehog; Kókkoç, a berry]. In biology, the same as E. veteri- norum, the hydatid of the 7znia echinococcus of the dog, the most universally distributed of all the hyda- tids. It is found mainly in the liver and in the lungs of cattle. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Echinopedium (e-ki-no-pe/-de-um) [Éxivoc, a sea- urchin; tradiov, dim. of traig (trató-), a child]. In biology, Huxley's term for the bilaterally symmetric larva of an echinoderm just as it leaves the egg. It in many ways resembles a worm-larva. Cf. Pluteus. Be- In biology, ECHINOPLACID Echinoplacid (e-ki-no-plas/-īd) [éxivog, a sea-urchin; Tržáš, a plate]. In biology, applied to echinoderms having spines on the madreporic plate. Echinorhyncus (e-ki-no-rin/-kus) [éxivog, hedgehog; būyroc, beak]. A worm parasitic within certain ani- mals and occasionally found in man. E. gigas is the best-ki.own species. E. hominis is smaller, and is perhaps an immature form of the other. See Aara- sites (Animal), Table of. Echinulate (e-Ain/-u-Măţ) [ec/linulus, dim. of echinus, a hedgehog]. In biology, beset with prickles of small S1262. Echitamin (e-kit/-am-in), C, Has N,04. An amorphous alkaloid of Dita, with a paralyzing power comparable to that of curare. It is also called /Xitain. - Echitenin (e-kit/-en-in), CooH, NO,. An amorphous, brown alkaloid of ZXita, soluble in alcohol and water. Echlorophyllose (e-Ålo-roºft/-äs) [e, priv.; 27.0póg, yellowish-green; pú%ov, a leaf J. In biology, desti- tute of chlorophyl. Echma (ek/-mah) [éxpia, a stoppage: pl., Echmata]. A stoppage or obstruction. Echmasis (e.8/-mas-is.) [82/16/euv, to hinder: pl., Ech- mases]. An obstruction or an obstructive disease. Echmatic (eA-mat/-ić) [éxuáčelv, to hinder]. Due to or marked by an echmasis or an echma. Echo (e/-0) [#2%, a sound]. A reverberated sound. E.-sign, a symptom of epilepsy and other brain- conditions in which there is a repetition of the closing word or words of a sentence. It is regarded as the result of perverted will, or impaired or defective inhi- bition. E.-speech, a peculiar method of utterance in one type of hypnotism. Echokinesia, Echokinesis (ek-o-Ain-e'-ze-ah, or -e'-sis) [#xó, echo; kivmotç, motion]. Imitative unwilled ac- tion, like that observed in palmus or latah. See Pal- mus and Æaðit-spasm. Echolalia (ek-o-la/-le-ah) [hæð, echo; Žahtá, talk]. An aphasic symptom consisting in a repetition of words spoken to the patient by others. Echometer (ek-om/-et-er) [#2%, sound; plérpov, a meas- ure]. A stethoscope. Echopathy (ek-op/-ath-e) [hæð, echo; Táflog, disease]. Any automatic and purposeless repetition of a word or sound heard or of an act seen. Echophotony (ek-o-fot/-o-me) [#xó, echo; pſog, light; Tóvoc, tone]. The production of the sensation of color by the stimulus of aerial waves, or sound. See Phon- ism, Photism. Echophrasia (ek-o-fra/-ze-ah) speech]. Same as Echolalia. Echos (e/-kos) [hæog, sound]. Any subjective sensa- tion, as of a sound that has no objective cause. Echoscope (ek’-o-sköp) [#xó, sound; oroteiv, to ex- amine]. A stethoscope. Echuja (eA/-ujah). An apocynaceous plant, Adenium bathmianum, of Africa. It is extremely poisonous. Echujin, Echugin (ek/-u-jin). A poisonous glucosid from the plant called Echuja, it has much the same effects as strophanthin. Eciomania (ek-e-o-ma/-ne-ah). Ecker's Angle. See Angle. SZZ7°6’. Eclampsia (ek-lamp'-se-ah) [škååplºretv, to shine or burst forth ; from the suddenness of the attack]. I. A sensation as of a light flashing before the eyes. [Obsoletel. 2. Any epileptiform seizure, espe- pecially one in which consciousness is not lost. 3. Puerperal convulsion. A convulsive or epileptiform seizure suddenly coming on in a woman prior to or during labor, or in the puerperal state. The convul- sions are first tonic and then clonic, and finally affect [#2%, echo; ºpáotſ, See Oiśāomania. E. Fissure. See Fºs- 407 ECPHYMA the involuntary muscles as well as the voluntary; consciousness is lost, and the attack is followed by coma or sleep. The etiology is obscure, the attack generally repeated, the prognosis grave. The term eclampsia is also used as a general designation for convulsions, and besides the puerperal form described there are the infantile and uremic types. See Convul- sions. E. nutans, the modding spasm or salaam con- vulsion of young children. In this affection the head and upper part of the body are bowed forward several times in succession. The attacks tend to occur in paroxysms, during which the child suffers temporarily from disordered consciousness. Eclampsic (ek-lamp/-sik). See Eclamptic. Eclamptic (ek-lamp/-tić) [ékååputetv, to shine or burst forth]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, eclampsia. Eclectic (ek-lek’-tić) [ÉKZekritégic, selection]. Pertain- ing to a choosing or selection. Applied by a certain school of physicians to themselves, to denote their principle or plan of selecting or choosing that which is good from all other schools. Eclecticism (eA-le/-tis-izm). [škWekrikógic, selection]. The doctrine and practice of the Eclectics. Eclegm (eA/-/em) [.ækhetypa, an electuary]. An elect- uary. Eclegma, or Ecleigma (ek-leg/-mah, eA-lig’-mah) [ék, out; Žeixeiv, to lick: pl., Ecſegmata]. An elec- tuary. Eclimia (ek-lim/-e-ah) [šk%pital. Same as Bizſimia. Eclipsis (ek-lift/-sis) [škhetipac, a dying out]. A sudden failure; trance; catalepsy; a sudden and transient loss or impairment of consciousness. Eclysis (e.8/-lis-is) [šk?voic, a release, a loosening]. Any loosening, as of the bowels. Also a slight amount of, or merely a tendency to, syncope. It is present in anemia of the brain. Ecmnesia (ek-mme/-ze-ah) [.æk, out; plvãoug, memory]. The dropping out of the memory of the events of a certain portion of time. Ecnea (ek-ne/-ah) [.æk, out; voic, mind]. Insanity. Ecoid (e/-Åoid) [oikoç, house]. A blood-shadow ; the colorless stroma or framework of red corpuscles of the blood that have been deprived of their hemoglobin; a shadow-corpuscle. Economy (e-kon/-o-me) [olkoç, house; vöpioç, a law]. A general name for the human being considered as a whole. Ecorticate (e-Åor/-tić-āt) [e, priv.; cortex, bark]. In biology, destitute of a cortical layer. Ecouvillon (a-koo-ve/-yon(g))[Fr.]. See Ecouzillomage. Ecouvillonage (a-koo-ve-yon-ahzh/) [Fr.]. The opera- tion of cleansing, and carrying medicinal agents to, the inside of the uterus by means of a brush. Ecphlysis (eš/-ſis-is) [škºżiſely, burst out: £/., Ecphly- ses]. Any vesicular eruption, Ecphractic (eA-fraž/-fić) [škºpaktukóg, clearing ob- struction]. I. Removing obstructions. 2. An ec. phractic medicine. Ecphronia (ek-fro/-me-ah) [.æk, out of; ºpjv, mind.]. Insanity. Ecphyadectomy (ex-ſi-ad-ek/-to-me) [škºpiaç, appen- dage; Ékrouh, excision]. Excision of the vermiform appendix. Ecphyaditis (ek-ſi-ad-i’-tis) [škºpffaç, appendage; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform ap- pendix; appendicitis. This term has also been used to include typhlitis, perityphlitis, etc. Ecphyas (ek/ºff-as) [škºtaç, an offshoot]. form appendix. Ecphyma (ek-fi/-mah) [Åk, out; ſpiegflat, to grow ; pl., Bcphymata]. An excrescence on the skin. The vermi- ECPHYSESIS Ecphysesis (ek-fiz-e'-sis) [Šk, out; pugávelv, to blow], Rapid breathing. Ecphysis (e.8/-ſis-is) [ék, out; biotç, growth). In biology, applied by Bate to the branch of any particu- lar crustacean limb ; as coxecphysis, a branch spring- ing from the coxa ; basecphysis, a branch Springing from the base. g Ecptoma (ek-to/-ſnah) [.æk, out; Trittetv, to fall: pl. , AEcptomata]. Any falling of a part or organ. Ecpyesis (ek-pi-e'-sis) [Šk, out; Tveiv, to suppurate; pl., Fépyeses]. I. Any suppuration or abscess, 2. Any pustular skin-disease. Ecpyetic (ek-pi-et/-i}) [.æk, out; Tveiv, to suppurate]. , Promoting suppuration. Ecrasement (a-Arahz'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Surgical removal , of a part or growth by means of the écraseur. Ecraseur (a-Arah-zer') [Fr.]. An instrument used in the amputation of parts, and consisting of a chain or wire-loop, tightened by a screw, whereby the tissue is slowly crushed apart rather than cut, thus rendering the operation easier and bloodless. Ecrodactylia (eſſ-ro-dak-til/-e-a/.) Öákrvžoç, digit]. Same as Ainhum, Ecstaltic (ek-sta/-fi/) [.æk, out; oté%elv, to send]. Sent out from a nerve-center; applied specially to nerve-impulses originating from the spinal cord. Ecstasy (e/s/-/a-se) [ško Tagg, a trance]. A derange- ment of the nervous system characterized by an exalted visionary state, absence of volition, insensibil- ity to surroundings, a radiant expression, and immo- bility in statuesque positions. It is also called Carus- extasis and Catalepsia spuria. Ecstrophy (e.8/-stro-ſe) [šk, out; atpépetv, to turn]. Eversion ; the turning inside-out of a part. Ectad (c//-tad) [škróg, external; ad, to]. toward the ectal part. Ectal (eA/-/a/) [Škróg, external]. At some surface or aspect farther from a supposed center than that with which a given object is compared. External, super- ficial. See Position and Direction, Zable of Ectasia (ek-ta/-se-a/). See Actasis. Ectasis (eA/-fas-is) [škTaguſ, extension]. distention or dilatation of a part. Ectatic (ek-tat'-ié) [šktaatc, extension]. Characterized by ectasis. Ectental (ek-ten/-/al) [škróg, outward; &vróg, inward]. Pertaining to the line of union between the ectoderm and the entoderm. E. Line. See Zines, Table of Ectethmoid (e.8-tet//-moid) [škróg, out from ; #ffuoetóñº, sieve-like]. Either one of the lateral cellular masses of the ethmoid bone. Ecthyma (ek-//hi/-/a/.) [škſhyua, a pustule]. An inflam- matory skin-disease attended with an eruption of large, flat, pustules, which are usually flaccid and of a yel- lowish or yellowish-red color. They vary in size from a ten-cent piece to a silver quarter-dollar, and are sur- rounded by a distinct inflammatory areola. Brownish crusts are formed, which on removal leave a slightly excoriated moist surface. The eruption appears as a rule on the legs and thighs where the hairs are thick; it occurs in crops, and may persist for an indefinite period. It is probably due to inoculation with microörganisms, and is prone to occur after local irritation. Ecthymiform (ek-/hi/-miform) [škſhya, a pustule; forma, form]. Resembling ecthyma. Ectillotic (e/-/i/-of/-ī4) [ék, out; tiãAetv, to pluck]. Depilatory; causing the hairs to fall ; removing corns from the feet. Ectiris (24-/i/-ris) [škrác, outward; pug, the rainbow]. That part of Descemet's membrane that lies in front of the iris. [škpoog, escape; On or Abnormal 408 ECTOPAGUS Ecto- (ek/-to-) [škróg, without]. A prefix signifying without, upon the outer side. Ectobatic (ek-to-bat'-ié) [Škróg, out; 3aivetv, to go]. Efferent; centrifugal; moving ectad or distad. Ectoblast (ek/-to-blast) [Škróg, outside; 3%aoróg, a bud]. In biology, a simple, sensitive, covering, and protecting cell-layer; the ectoderm. . Ectobliquus (ek-to-bli”-AEwus) [škróg, outward; obliquus, slanting]. The external oblique muscle of the abdo- men. See Muscles, Zable of Ectocardia (ek-to-kar/-de-ah) [škróg, out; kapóta, the heart]. Abnormality of position of the heart. Ectocarotid (ek-to-kar-of/-īd) [šktóg, out; kápog, stupor]. The external carotid artery. See Arteries, Zable of Ectocarpous (ek-to-kar'-pus) [šktóg, outside; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, applied to such animals as have the reproductive organs located in the ectoderm. Ectoceliac, or Ectocelian (ek-to-seſ-le-ak, ek-to-seſ-le-an) [škróg, out; kotAta, the belly]. Occurring or situated outside a ventricle of the brain. Ectocelic (ek-to-seſ-lić) [šktóg, outside; kotăţa, a hollow]. In biology, applied to structures placed outside the body-cavity in a celenterate. Ectochoroidea, or Ectochorioidea (ek-to-ko-roi/-de- ah, or ek-to-ko-re-oi/-de-ah) [škróg, out; xoptoetóñº, like a membrane]. The outer layer of the choroid, composed mainly of fibro-connective tissue. Ectocinerea (ek-to-sin-e'-re-ah) [škróg, out; cinereus, ashy]. The gray substance of the cortex of the brain. Cf. Azztocºzzez-ea. Ectocondyle (ek-to-kon/-dil) [škróg, out; kóvóvãog, condyle]. An external condyle. Ectocornea (ek-to-kor/-ne-ah) [Škróg, out; corneus, horny]. The corneal conjunctiva. Ectocyst (e.8/-to-sist) [.æktóg, out; kūgrg, a cyst]. The thick, laminated, translucent, and highly elastic mem- brane of an hydatid cyst. It is lined by a thin cel- lular membrane called the endocyst. The outer layer of the cenecium (or common dermal system) of a col- ony of Polyzoa. Ectoderm (eA/-to-derm) [škróg, outside; 6épua, skin]. In biology, the primitive outer wall of the body; the animal germinal layer; the term was first applied to the outer of the two membranes of a hydroid zoöphyte. See Alastoderme. Ectoentad (ek-to-en/-tad) [škróg, without; £vTóg, with- in ; ad, to]. From without inward. Ectogastrocnemius (ek-to-gas-tro/*-ne/-me-us) [éKTóg, without; yao Tpokvmuia, the calf of the leg). The gastrocnemius externus muscle. See Muscles, Zable of. Ectogenous (ek-toj/-en-us) [šktóg, out; Yevvāv, to pro- duce]. Developed outside the body (said of cer- tain pathogenic bacteria and of enthetic poisons). Ectogluteus (ek-to-glu-te/-us) [éktóg, without; y?ovróg, the rump). The external gluteus muscle. See Mus- cles, Zable of Ectolecithal (ek-to-les/-iº/-al) [Škróg, outside; Aékiffog, yolk]. In embryology, applied to such eggs as have the formation-yolk enclosed in a superficial layer of food-yolk. Ectomere (ek/-to-mer) [šktóg, out; plápoº, a share]. Any one of the cells of the ovum that are destined to take part in forming the ectoderm. Ectopagia (ek-to-pa/-je-ah) [éktóg, out; Tráyoc, a fix- ture]. The condition of being ectopagous; an ecto- pagous monstrosity. Ectopagous (ek-top/-ag-us) [šktóg, out; Tāyog, a fix- ture]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectopagus. Ectopagus (ek-top/-ag-us) [éktóg, out; Tāyog, a fix- ture]. A monomphalic twin monstrosity united later- ally the full extent of the thorax. ECTOPARASITE Ectoparasite (ek-to-par/-as-it) [škróg, outside; trapá. outog, a parasite]. In biology, a parasite that lives on the exterior of its host. Ectoparasitic (ek-to-far-as-it/-ä) [škróg, out; trapá- otroc, a parasite]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectoparasite. Ectopatagium (ek-to-pat-aj’-e-um) [škróg, outside; Tatayelov, the border of a garment]. In biology, that part of the wing-membrane or patagium of a bat which is limited to the manus; it is also called dacty- Zopatagium. Ectophyte (ek/-to-fit) [éktóg, out; puróv, a plant]. An external parasitic plant-growth. Ectophytic (ek-to-ſit/-ä) [škróg, out; purów, a plant]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectophyte. Ectopia (ek-to'-pe-ah) [šktotrog, displaced]. An ab- normality of position. E. cordis. See Actocardia. E. lentis, dislocation or congenital malposition of the crystalline lens. E. oculi, abnormal position of the eyeball in the orbit. E. testis, abnormal position of the testicle. E. vesicae, protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the abdomen. Ectopic (ek-top/-ić) [škrotrog, displaced]. to ectopia; displaced. See also Zeratism. tation. See Gestation. Ectoplasm (eA/-to-plazm) [škróg, without ; tāágoeuv, to form]. In biology, the outer, hyaline, more com- pact layer of protoplasm in a cell or unicellular or- ganism, as distinguished from the granular endoplasm. Ectopy (e.8/-to-pe). Same as Ectopia. Ectoretina (ek-to-ref/-in-ah) [škróg, out; retina, retina]. The external and pigmentary layer of the retina. Ectosarc (e.8/-to-sark) [škróg, outside; Gáp;, flesh]. In biology, same as Ectoplasm, g. v. Ectoskeleton (ek-to-ske/-et-un). Same as Exoskeleton. Ectosome (ek'-to-såm) [škróg, outside; oºga, body]. In biology, applied to the outer region of a sponge, which forms the covering of the choanosome, or mid- dle region, with its flagellated chambers. Ectosporous (ek-to-spoſ-rus) [škTóg, outside; otópog, seed]. See Axosporous, Ectosteal (ek-tos/-te-al) [škróg, out; botéov, a bone]. Relating to, situated or occurring outside of, a bone. Ectostosis (ek-tos-to/-sis) [škróg, out; borčov, a bone]. The growth of bone from without ; ossification that begins at the perichondrium, or future periosteum. Ectotheca (ek-toth’-ek-ah) [éktóg, outside; thicm, case]. In biology, applied to the capsule of such compound gonophores as those of Zaomedea ; also to such the- cae or asci as are exposed, e. g. those of discomycetous fungi and gymnocarpous lichens. Ectoxemia (ek-toks-e'-me-ah) [ék, out; Toštkóv, poison; alua, blood]. Toxemia not originating within the organism ; blood-poisoning from some cause not ex- isting within the organism. Ectozoön (ek-to-zo/-on) [škróg, out; (Öov, an animal: pl., Ectozoal. An external animal parasite; an ecto- parasite. Ectrodactylia, Ectrodactylism (ex-tro-dak-fi/-e-ah, eć-tro-da/-tiſ-izm) [Škrpoua, abortion; 6éktv20g, finger]. Congenital absence of any of the fingers or toes. Ectrogenic (ek-tro-jen/-ić) [Škrpoua, abortion; Yeuvâv, to produce]. Due to some loss of tissue, as from traumatism or surgical operation. See also Zeratism. Ectrogeny º: -en-e) [Škrpoua, abortion; yevvāv, to produce], Loss or absence of any part or organ. Ectroma (ek-tro’-mah) [Škrpoua, abortion: pl., Ectro- mata]. An aborted ovum or fetus. Ectromelus (ek-from/-el-us) [Škrpoolç, abortion; plážoç, limb]. A single autositic monster characterized by the presence of aborted or imperfectly-formed limbs. Pertaining E. Ges- 409 ECZEMA Examples of this anomaly show every degree of arrested development, from entire absence of the limb to simple shortening. Ectropion (eA-tro/-pe-on) [Ék, out; An everted eye- - lid; abnormal eversion of a n eyelid; also, an aſſº everted state of ſº the cervical por. tion of the endo- metrium. E., Cicatricial,due to destruction of part of the skin of the lid, with cicatricial con- traction. E. luxurians, an old name for ec- tropion, with a proud-flesh appearance of the conjunc- tiva. E., Paralytic, that due to paralysis of the orbicularis palpebrarum. E., Sarcomatous. See A. luxurians. E., Senile, found only in the lower lid, due to relaxation of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. E., Spastic, due to spastic contraction of the fibers of the orbicular muscle lying near the mar- gin of the orbit. Ectropium (ek-tro/-pe-um). Ectrosis (eA-tro/-sis) [Škrpoolg, abortion]. tion, or the production of an abortion. Ectrotic (ek-trot/-ić) [ék, out; titpáaketv, to wound]. Tending to cut short ; abortive ; abortifacient. Ectylotic (ek-fi/-of/-i}) [.æk, away; TüZog, callus]. Tending to remove warts or indurations. Eczema (eA/-ze-mah) [škºčev, to boil over]. Tetter; Moist Tetter; an acute or chronic, non-contagious, catarrhal inflammatory disease of the skin, character- ized by multiformity of lesion, and the presence, in varying degrees, of itching, infiltration, and discharge. The skin is reddened, the redness shading off insen- sibly into the surrounding unaffected skin. When well-marked, the skin is fissured, with crusting, leathery infiltration, and scaling. Eczema occurs in skins that are particularly susceptible to the action of external irritants. E. ani—of the anus—a trouble- some variety common in children; it may simulate condylomata. E. articulorum, eczema of the flexor surfaces of the joints. E. aurium, a common, troublesome, pustular form affecting the ears. E. barbae, a form resembling sycosis, but more Superfi- cial. It attacks the bearded portion of the face, but may spread. E. capitis, a variety confined to the head. It is usually seen in children ; is diffuse, pustular, im- petiginous, not itchy, and may be associated with pediculi and seborrhea. E. circumscriptum para- siticum, a name given by Crocker to a form of erup. tion that looks like a dry eczema, but has a border more sharply defined than is usual in A. squamosum. It occurs chiefly on the legs below the knee, and is constituted of minute papules aggregated into a uni- form moderately red, scaly patch, with sharply defined borders. It is a chronic disease, and is probably par- asitic in origin. E. crurum, a form occurring in old people as a result of varicosity of the veins of the leg, and not associated with eczema elsewhere. The skin is much infiltrated, red, scaly, with indolent ulcers. E. crustosum, eczema with the formation of thin and pale-yellowish crusts. If these crusts are thick and dark in color from capillary bleeding the condition is termed E. impetiginosum. This latter form occurs frequently on the scalp and face of strumous children. tpéretv, to turn]. ECTROPION. Same as Ectropion. An abor- ECZEMA 410 E., Diabetic, from the irritation of diabetic urine. E., Epidemic. See Dermatitis, Epidemic Bºxfolia- tive. E. epizootica, a disease of domesticated animals due to a microërganism, attended with a characteristic eczematous lesion of the skin and a catarrhal condition of the respiratory tract. It is also called Foot-and-A/outh Disease. See Streptocytus of Schottelius under Aacteria, Synonymatic, Zable of E. erythematosum, the mildest form of eczema, in which the skin is reddened, slightly swollen, infiltrated, and tense, from active congestion ; the color of the patches is more vivid, and their edges are less well defined, than in true erythema. It is seen in its most typical form on the face. E. faciei, an acute or chronic form affecting the face; it resem- bles erysipelas, but is attended with no rise of tem- perature. E. fissum, E. rimosum, a form affecting the hands and skin over the articulations, and characterized by the formation of deep, painful cracks or fissures. E. folliculare, a form confined largely to the neigh- borhood of the hair-follicles, where irritable, acumin- ate papules may persist for prolonged periods. E. genitalium, an acute form common in men; it is at- tended with great swelling and edema, with excoriation. E. hypertrophicum, AE. verrucosum ; a form charac- terized by permanent hypertrophy of the papillae of the skin, giving rise to general or limited warty outgrowths. This variety results from a tendency to passive con- gestion. See Granuloma fungoides. E. impeti- ginodes. See AE. pustulosum. E. impetiginosum. See E. crustosum. E., Infantile, a form commenc- ing usually within six months of birth, and making its appearance first upon the head or face. E. inter- trigo, a form of Æ. erythematosum occurring in the groins, on the inner surfaces of the nates, below the mammae, etc. It is due to uncleanliness. See Ery- thema intertrigo. E. labiorum, a very obstinate variety affecting the lips, and associated with pain- ful fissures. E. madidans, E. rubrum ; weeping eczema ; large, raw, weeping surfaces studded with red points. It follows E. vesiculosum. E. mammae, a variety common in nursing primiparae ; it is at first vesicular, then squamous, with painful fissures and much crusting. It is very obstinate. E. manuum, a common form implicating the whole of both hands. The acute variety is most marked along the edges of the fingers, where deep-seated vesicles abound ; the chronic form chiefly involves the palms and knuckles. E. marginatum, Hebra’s term for the most severe form of ringworm of the body. Its seats are the groins, axillae, fork, and occasion- ally the popliteal spaces. Its lesion is marked by a well-defined, festooned, raised margin. E. meatus, eczema of the external auditory passage. E. mer- curiale, that form due to the irritation produced by mercury. E. narium, a form affecting the nos- trils. E. palmare, or E. palmarum, confined to the palm of the hand. It is also called Psoriasis palmae. E. palpebrarum, Tinea tarsi, an obsti- nate form affecting the eyebrows; it is common in scrofulous children. E. papillomatosum. Same as A. verrucosum. E. papulosum, Zichen simplex, a form associated with the formation of minute intensely-itching papules of a deep-red color and firm consistence, arranged in irregularly-shaped groups. They are about the size of a pin's head, acumi- nate, of a bright-red color. Vesicles may form on their summits (Zichen agrius). When they are grouped in oval or roundish patches, a form not uncommon on the external aspect of the forearm and hands and on the calves, it is Zichen circumscrip/us. E. pedum, eczema of the feet. E. plantarum, con- EDEMA fined to the sole of the foot. E. pustulosum, E. *mpetigimodes, the stage of eczema in which the vesicles develop into pustules that are usually of larger size than the preceding vesicles. This is most com- mon in strumous children. E. rimosum. See A. fissum. E. rubrum. See E. madidams. E. sclero- sum, a chronic form of eczema in which there is induration and thickening of the tissues. E., Sebor- rheic. See Dermatitis, Seborrheic. E. seborrhoei- cum. Synonym of Seborrhea. E. solare, that form due to irritation from the rays of the sun. E. spargo- siforme, a variety of Æ, sclerosum in which the thickening is so very great that a condition indistin- guishable from Ælephantiasis a raózem is produced. E. squamosum, a form in which the surfaces of ill- defined irregular patches are covered with more or less adherent scales of shed epithelium. This is often seen on the neck and limbs. E. sulphure, that form due to the irritation produced by sulphur. E. tarsi, a form affecting the edges of the eyelids. E. tuberosum. Synonym of Granuloma fungoides. E. umbilici, a tractable form resembling syphilitic disease of the same part. E. unguium, involvement of the nails in chronic B. manzeum. The nails are rough, dull, brittle, and punctate. E. unisquamosum, a rare form having its seat at the root of the nose between the eyebrows. The secretion takes the form of a single epidermic lamella that covers the whole of the affected surface. E. verrucosum. See E. hypertrophi- cum. E. vesiculosum, a stage of vesicular forma- tion in the course of eczema. It is the most common form of the disease. It is best seen on the flexor aspect of the limbs, between the fingers, back of the ears, etc. The vesicles, minute at first and closely aggregated, coalesce and rupture, exuding a clear plasmic fluid that stains and stiffens linen. The burn- ing and itching are worse at night, and the excoriated surfaces continue to weep for a few days, when they gradually heal by crusting. E., Weeping. See E. madidams. Eczematoid (ek-zem/-at-oid) [škſéetv, to boil over]. Resembling an eczema. - Eczematosis (ek-zem-at-o/-sis) [šk{éety, to boil over: f/., Eczematoses]. Any eczematous skin-disease. Eczematous (ek-zem/-at-us) [škſéetv, to boil over]. Of the nature of or affected with eczema. Eczemogenous (ek-zem-oj/-en-us) [šk{éetv, to boil over; yevvāv, to produce]. Giving rise to eczema. Edeagra (e-de-a/-grah) [aidoia, the genitals; āypa, a seizure]. Pain or gout in the genitalia. Edeatrophia (e-de-at-ro/-fe-ah)[aidola, genitals; ātpopta, a wasting]. Atrophy or wasting of the genital organs. Edeauxe (e-de-awks/-e)[aidola, genitals; aiše, increase]. Swelling or hypertrophy of the genitals. Edebohl's Position or Posture. See Postures, 7able of Edeitis (e-de-i/-tis) ſaidola, genitals; tric, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the genital organs. Edema (e-deſ-mah) [oiómua; oióéetv, to swell]. , Swel- ling, especially such as is due to the effusion of serous fluid into areolar tissues. See Anasarca. E., Acute Circumscribed. See A., Angio-neurotic and Urti- caria aedematosa. E., Acute Idiopathic. See A., Angio-neurotic. E., Acute Non-inflammatory. See E., Angio-neurotic. E., Angio-neurotic, Giant urticaria; a vaso-motor disorder, characterized by the abrupt occurrence of edematous swelling of variable extent, sometimes accompanied by gastro-intestinal crises. There may be a marked hereditary feature in the disease. Death may result from edema of the larynx. E., Brown, the brownish fluid that flows from the cut surface of a lung in the state of brown induration. E., Filtration, a peculiar sort of edema EL).EMATOUS of the conjunctiva observed after operations or injuries that have produced a perforation in the most anterior sections of the sclera. It is due to the oozing of the aqueous humor between the lips of the wound and under the conjunctiva. E., Intermittent. See A., Angio-neurotic. E., Malarial. See A., Angio-meu- rotic. E., Malignant, the term applied by Koch to a parasitic form of gangrenous inflammation that occurs at times after serious bone-injuries, etc. It is charac- terized by the rapid spread, the septic character of the inflammatory product, and the speedy destruction of the tissue involved, with the formation of gas. It is also called Gangrenous emphysema. E., Menstrual. See E., Angio-neurotic. E. neonatorum, a disease resembling somewhat sclerema neonatorum, the skin, however, being less generally involved and less edema- tous, filled with a serous fluid, and assuming a livid or purplish, rather than a whitish tint, as in sclerema. The disease begins before the third day of life, with drow- siness, and then the edema appears in the extremities, especially the legs, gradually spreading upward. E., Solid, a form of edema in which puncture gives exit not to serum, but to a sanious, stringy, lymphoid material. - Edematous (e-dem/-at-us) [oiómua, edema]. Marked by edema; swollen ; puffy. Edentate (e-dem/-tät) [e, priv.; dens, a tooth]. In bio- logy, toothless, as an entire leaf, or a member of the Balentata among mammals. Edentation (e-den-ta/-shum) [e, without; dens, a tooth]. A deprivation of teeth. - Edentulous (e-den/-tu-lus) [e, without; dens, a tooth]. Without teeth (applied to one who has lost his teeth). See Caries of the Teeth. *~ Edeocephalus (e-de-o-sef’-al-us) [alóoia, genitals; from the resemblance of the proboscis to a penis; Kepaññ, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species otocephalus, in which there is synopsia, ab- sence of the mouth, very rudimentary jaws, and the presence of a proboscis. Edeodynia (e-de-o-dim/-e-ah) [alóoia, genitalia; 66twm, pain]. Any pain in the reproductive organs. Edeogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz'-mus) [alóoia, gen- itals; yapya?topióg, a tickling]. Masturbation. Edeography (e-de-og/-ra fe) [aidola, , the genitals; ypápetv, to write]. A description of the genitalia. Edeology (e-de-o/-o-je)[ałóoia, genitals; Aóyoc, science]. A treatise or monograph on the organs of genera- tion. Edeomania (e-de-o-ma/-ne-ah) [alóoia, genitals; Havia, madness]. Nymphomania; Satyriasis. Edeomycodermitis (e-de-o-mi-ko-der-mi/-tis) ſaidola, genitals; pºkog, mucus: Óðppia, skin; ttig, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of any of the genital organs. Edeopsophy (e-de-op/-so-ſe) [alóoia, genitals; bođeiv, to utter a noisel. The emission of sounds from the genital organs (as from the bladder or vagina). Edeopsy (eſ-de-op-se). Same as Edeoscopy. Edeoptosis (e-de-op-to/-sis) [aidoia, genitals; TTógic, a fall]. Prolapse of some portion of the genital ap- paratus. Edeoscopy (e-de-osſ-ko-pe)[ałóoia, the genitals; orotréiv, to inspect]. An inspection or professional examination of the genital organs. Edeotomy (e-de-of/-o-me) [atóoia, genitals; Tôpim, a cut- ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the genital or- gans. Edgeweed (eſ/-wed). A composite-flowered plant, Sericocarpus tortfolius, of the Southern U. S. It is used as a remedy for colic in horses. Unof. Edible (ed/-iö-1) [edibilis, eatable]. A qualification 411 Edulcorant (e-du/-kor-amt) [e, out; EGERTIC applied to food, the condition of which is good and wholesome. - Edison-Lalande Cell. See Cell. Edriopthalmous (ed-re-off-thal/-mus) [šéptov, dim. of ëópa, a seat; 6,6a7/169, eyel. In biology, having fixed, sessile eyes, not borne on a movable stalk. Educt (e/-dućt) [e, out; ducere, to draw]. A com- pound that exists in any substance and is extracted from it by a chemic or pharmaceutic process; opposed to product, which designates a body that is produced by a process similar to that used in its extraction. du/corare, to sweeten]. Sweetening; corrective of acidity or of acrimony. Edulcoration (e-du/-Åor-a/-shum) [edu/care, to sweet- en]. In chemistry, the act or process of sweetening; . the removal of soluble or saline matters by washing. Effeminacy (ef-em/-in-as-e). See Feminism. Effemination (ef-em-in-a/-shun) [effeminare, to make womanish]. The state of being effeminate. Effera (eſ/-er-ah) [efferus, fierce, wild]. Sauvage's name for a certain genus of exanthematous diseases. Efferent (ef’-er-ent) [efferens, carrying from]. Of nerves, conveying impulses from the central nervous system to some tissue; motor; secretory. Of blood- vessels, conveying blood from the tissues toward the heart, veins, or from the gills. Of Aymphatics, the vessels leaving or conveying lymph from the lymphatic glands. Compare Afferent. Effervescent (eſ-er-ves/-ent) [effervescere, to boil up]. Susceptible of being made to effervesce, or to dissolve with foaming and with the escape of a gas, such as carbon dioxid. Effervescing (efer-ves/-ing) [effervescere, to boil up]. Boiling up; foaming. E. Powders. See Seidlitz Aozealers. Effleurage (efftur-azh/) [Fr.]. In massage, centripe- tal strokings, i.e., toward the body or heart. These may be made with the palm of one hand, the palms of both hands, the thumb, or the tips of the fingers. Effleur- age increases the circulation in the venous blood- vessels and the lymphatics, thereby causing absorp- tion. Efflorescence (ef-lor-es/-enz) [efforescere, to bloom]. I. The flowering of plants. 2. The formation of minute crystals on the surface of certain crystalline bodies, due to the loss of a part or the whole of their water of crystallization. 3. The breaking-out or characteristic eruption of an exanthematous disease. Effluent (ef-lu'-ent) [effluere, to flow out]. An out- flow. The fluid discharged from works for the treat- ment of sewage. Effluvia (ef-luſ-ve-ah) [L.]. Plural of Effluvium, q.v. E., Telluric, emanations arising from the earth. Effluvium (ef-ſu/-we-um) [effuere, to flow out: £7, Effluvia]. Any subtle emanation from a substance or person, especially one that is offensively odoriferous. Efflux (eſ/ºffuás), or Effluxion (efftuk/-shun) [effluxio; effluxus, an outflow]. I. An outflow ; that which flows out. 2. Abortion, or the escape of the embryo from the womb during a very early stage of preg- In 2.11CV. Effracture (effraž/-châr)[ex, out; fractura, a fracture]. Fracture of the cranium, with depression of one or more fragments. Effusion (ef-u/-zhun). [effundere, to pour out]. A pouring-out. The abormal secretion or transfer of a liquid from its natural organ or place; effused material. Effusive (efu/-siv) [effundere, to pour out]. Attended with or of the nature of an effusion. Egertic (e-jer/-tić) [éyépTukóg, wakening]. Causing wakefulness. EGEST" Egest (e-jest’) [egerere, to discharge]. To void, as ex- crement; to defecate. • Egesta (e-jes/-tah) [pl. of egestum, fecal matter]. The discharges of the bowels or other emunctory organs. Egestion (e-jes/-chun) [egestio, that which is voided]. Defecation; the expulsion of excrements or excre- tion. Egg (eg) [ME., egge, an egg]. See Ovule. E.-albu- min, a native albumin, or proteid constituent of the human body, of which the unboiled white of egg is the type. It is distinguished from serum-albumin by its precipitation when shaken with ether, and by its appearance unchanged in the urine when injected under the skin or into the intestine. E.-apparatus; in biology, the oösphere and the two companion-cells (called the synergidae) in the upper end of the embryo- sac, are termed the egg-apparatus. E.-cells, primordia/ ova, large, spheroidal, granular cells embedded at in- tervals in the layer of the germ-epithelium of the ovary. They eventually become the ovules of the Graafian follicle. E. –cords, dippings inward into the ovarian substance of the specialized columnar epi- thelium covering the ovary; these prolongations carry highly-specialized cells, each of which develops into an immature Graafian follicle containing an immature ovum. E.-nog, a nutritious preparation made by adding the beaten yolk of egg and a little spirit to a tumblerful of milk, stirring well, adding sugar and the white of the egg separately beaten. E.-shell Crackling, a peculiar crackling produced by pressure upon a soft tumor springing from the medulla or can- cellated tissue of a long bone, and surrounded by a thin bony capsule. E.-tube. See Oviduct. E.- water, a nutritious food for infants having summer diarrhea. It consists of the white of a fresh egg, a pint of cold water (previously boiled), a teaspoonful of brandy, and a small pinch of salt. Egilops (e/-fil-ops) [aiš, a goat; &lp, eye). Abscess, with perforation, at the inner canthus of the eye, supposed to be a result of lachrymal fistula. See Anchylops. Eglandular (e.g/azz/-du-lar) [e, priv.; glandula, a gland]. In biology, destitute of glands. Eglandulose (e-glam/-du-/ös) [e, priv.; glandula, a gland]. Same as Eglandular. Egobronchophony (e-go-brong-koff’-o-me) [aiš, a goat; Bpóyºtog, a bronchus; povă, a voice]. A combina- tion of egophony and bronchophony. Egophony (e-goff’-o-ne) [aiš, a wild goat; pová, the voice]. In auscultation, a term meaning a modifica- tion of bronchophony, in which the voice has a bleating character like that of a kid. It is heard in pleurisy with slight effusion, usually near the inferior angle of the scapula. Egregorsis (e.g-re-go”-sis) [ćyphyopolç; wake]. Morbid wakefulness; insomnia. Egyptian (e-fift/-shure) [alyūTTuog, Egyptian]. taining to Egypt. E. Blue. /us of E. Chlorosis. See Anchylosſomiasis. E. Ophthalmia. See Ophthalmia, Purulent. E. U1- cers. See Z'gyptia CZeera. Ehrenritter's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of Ehrlich’s Anilin-water Solution. See Stains, 7 able of E. Method, the use of a saturated solution of anilin in water, as a mordant for better fixing the anilin dyes used in staining bacteria. E. Test. See Z ests, 7able of E.-Biondi's Fluid. See Biondi's Fluid. Eichhorst's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles. Eichstedt's Disease. Synonym of Zºnea versicolor, Q. v., see also Diseases, Zable of Eidam Cheese (iſ-dam). See Cheese. Eidoptometry (i-dop-tom/-et-re) ſeiðoc, appearance; £yetpelv, to Per- See Pigments, Conspec- 412 ELASTOSE ôttéog, seen; plérpov, measure]. The estimation of the acuity of vision. Eilema (?-leſ-mah) [eižmua; eiàetv, to twist; pl., Eile- mata]. A pain or colic of the bowels; volvulus; tormina. Eiloid (i/-loid) [eiželv, to coil; eiðoç, form]. Having a coiled texture resembling the coils of an intestine; applied to certain skin-tumors. Einbrodt's Test. See Tests, Zable of Einhorn’s Method. I. A method of ascertaining the condition of the gastric secretion. An apparatus termed a stomach-bucket, consisting of a small oval silver vessel, I34 cm. long and 34 cm. wide, is at- tached to a silk thread, in which at a distance of 40 cm. from the bucket a knot is made. The patient swallows the bucket, and when the knot enters the mouth the operator knows that the bucket is in the stomach. It is withdrawn after remaining there five minutes, and its contents are tested. Resistance to its removal may be overcome by having the patient ex- pire deeply or swallow once. 2. See Gastrodiaphany. Eisanthema (is-an-the-mah) [eiç, into; āvömua, in- florescence: Żl., Eisanthemata]. Same as Emanthema. Eisel (i'-sel) [ME.]. An old name for vinegar. Eisodic (is-od/-ić). Same as AEsodic. Eisophobia (?-so-ſo’-be-ah). Synonym of Agoraphobia. Eisophoria (i-so-ſo'-re-ah). Same as Esophoria. Eispnea (is-pne/-ah) [elot woff, a breathing into]. Inspiration; the inhaling of the breath. Ejaculation (e-jak-u-la/-shun [ejaculatio, a throwing out]. The ejection of the semen. E.-center. See Cezzfer. Ejaculator º [ejaculare, to throw out]. The accelerator urinae. See Muscles, Table of Ejaculatorium (e-jaž-u-la-to/-re-um) [L.]. A syringe. Ejaculatory (e-jaž/-u-la-for-e) [ejaculatio, a throwing out]. Throwing. E. Duct. See Ductus ejaculatorius. Ejecta, or Ejectamenta (ejeć/-tah, e-jek-tam-en/-/ah) [L., p!..]. Things or materials cast out; excretions or excrementitious matters. Ejection (e-je/-shun) [ejectio, a casting out]. The casting out of excretions or of excrementitious matters; that which is cast out. Elaboration (e-lab-or-a/-shun) [elaborare, to take pains with]. Careful and exact working. In physiology, any anabolic process, such as that of making crude food into higher tissue-products. º Elaidic Acid (e-la-id/-ī4). See Acid. - Elaidin (e-la/-id-in) [8%aic, the olive-tree], Cº. Hio,Og: A white, crystalline, fatty substance, isomeric with olein, produced by the action of HNOa upon certain oils, especially castor-oil. Elain (e-la/-īn). See Fleopteme. g Elaphrium (e-la/-fre-um) [8%appóc, light]. of burseraceous trees. E. copalliferum produces a variety of copal. E. elemiferum is one of the sources of Mexican elemi; E. excelsum and E. to- mentosum, of South America, afford tacamahac. Elastic (e-las/-tić) [ÉWaivetv, to urge forward]. Re- turning to the original form after change of form by external traction or force. E. Bandage, an India- rubber bandage exerting continuous compression of a part. E. Stocking, an India-rubber stocking exert- ing continuous pressure. E. Tissue, a variety of connective tissue having elastic properties, and of which some ligaments are composed. - Elastin (e-las/-tän.) [8%atively, to urge forward]. An albuminoid substance, the fundamental element of elastic tissue. It yields 36 to 45 per cent. of leucin and 9% per cent. of tyrosin. E.-peptone. See AXeutero-elastose. Elastose (e-las/-täs) [8%aïvetv, to urge forward]. One A genus ELATER of the forms of peptone resulting from the gastric digestion of elastin. - Elater (e/-at-er) [é%atmp, a driver, hurler]. In biology, (a) one of the thread-like, usually spirally-coiled, bodies found in the sporangia of mosses, liverworts, and equisetum. They serve for the dispersion of spores. (b) One of the free filaments of the capillitium of the slime-moulds. (c) One of the elastic anal bristles of the insect called spring-tail. Elaterin, or Elaterinum (el-at/-er-in, el-at-er-i/-num) [8%atholog, driving away], CooligaOs. A neutral prin- ciple obtained from Blaterium ecóal/ium, or squirting cucumber. It occurs in colorless, hexagonal prisms, that are odorless and have a bitter taste. It is a power- ful hydragogue cathartic. In toxic doses, it causes emesis, spasmodic respiration, and death. Dose gr. †—ſº. E., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), contains elaterin I, sugar of milk 39. Dose gr. j—v. E., Trituratio, elaterin Io, sugar of milk 90 parts, thoroughly mixed. Dose gr. SS—j. Elaterium (el-at-e'-re-um) [é%athptoc, driving away]. A powerful hydragogue cathartic, being the dried sedi- ment from the juice of the squirting cucumber, Æcóa- ſium elaterium of Europe. Dose 96 gr. every two hours; of the tincture, gtt. x-xxx. Elbow (e/-bo) [ME., elbowel. The elbow-joint; the articulation of the arm and forearm. That part of the forearm and arm adjacent to the elbow-joint. E.- jerk, one of the reflexes. See Reflexes, Table of Elcoplasty (e!/-ko-plas-te). See Helcoplasty. Elcosis (el-ko/-sis). See Ae/cosis. . Elder (el/-der). See Sambucus. E., Dwarf. See Dwarf Elder. . Elecampane (el-e-Aam/-pân). See Inula. Election (e-leå/-shun) [electio, a choosing]. Selection or choice, as of points (points of election) to be oper- ated upon; consideration of circumstances, such as age, condition in life, occupation, sex, etc., in determining whether to proceed with a proposed surgical operation or not. Such operations are called Operations of Elec- tion or of Complaisance. E., Triangle of, the Su- perior Carotid Triangle. See Triangles, Table of Electrepeter(e-le&-trep/-et-er)[īāektpov,amber; Tpétely, to turn]. An obsolete term for “commutator,” g. v. Electric, or Electrical (e-le/-trić, or e-le/-trić-al) [#%ektpov, amber]. Having the nature of or pro- duced by electricity. E. Aura, a current of electri- fied air. E. Brush, a wire brush used as an elec- trode. E. Commutator, an instrument for, automati- cally interrupting or reversing the flow of an electric current, making and breaking the same with desired frequency. E. Chorea. See Dubini's Disease. E. Depilation, the permanent removal of hair from any part of the body by the electrolytic destruction of the hair-follicles. E. Discharger, the instrument that directs the charge from a condenser through an ob- ject. E. Endosmosis, cataphoresis. E. Fustiga- tion, application of electricity through a metallic brush. E. Head-bath, application of electricity by means of an umbrella-shaped electrode surrounding the head, but separated from it by a distance of from one-half to one inch. E. Inertia, a term sometimes employed instead of electro-magnetic inertia. E. Insolation. See E. Sunstroke. E. Insulation, the placing of non-conducting material with respect to a conductor so as to prevent the loss of a charge or the leakage of a current. E. Irritability, irritability of nervous or muscular tissue to an electric discharge. E. Megaloscope, an apparatus for the medical exploration of the cavities of the body. E. Moxa, a burn made on the skin by electricity. E. Probe, a metallic conductor inserted into the track of a 413 ELECTRIC UNITS wound in order to ascertain the exact position of a bullet, or other foreign metallic substance. E. Pros- tration. See A. Suzas/roße. E. Reactions, the response of muscles and nerves to electric stimulation. E. Shock, the physiologic shock produced in an animal by an electric discharge. E. Shower-bath, a device for general electrization ; one of the poles is immersed in a tub containing an alkaline solution. The patient stands beneath this reservoir on a metallic stool connected with the other pole. The falling water completes the circuit, dispersing the current over the whole body. E. Sphygmograph, an instru- ment for electrically recording the characters of the pulse. E. Sterilization, sterilizing a solution by de- priving it of whatever germs it may contain by means of electric currents. E. Sunstroke, the physiologic effects, similar to those produced by exposure to the sun, experienced by those exposed for a long while to the intense light and heat of the voltaic arc. E. Test, the application of electricity to ascertain the exist- ence or non-existence of central lesions after railway injuries. It must be borne in mind that cutaneous insensibility or absence of response in the muscles is not positive proof of organic lesion; hence the so- called electric test is not so absolutely relied upon as formerly. Electric Units. The lowest integral electric values. They are as follows:–Ampère, the unit of measure- ment of an electric current. It is the electro-motive force of one volt produced in a circuit having one ohm of resistance, equal to ſº C. G. S. electro-magnetic unit. It is sufficient to deposit .3 grain of copper per minute on the plate of a copper voltameter, or to decom- pose sufficient acidulated water to generate Io. 32 c. c. of mixed hydrogen and oxygen per minute. For convenience the Tºro part is used in medicine, In 2Iſle- ly, the milliampere. This equals I volt divided by IOOO. Ampère-hour, a unit of electric quantity equal to one ampère flowing for one hour; it is the equivalent of 3600 coulombs. C. G. S. System, Centimeter-gram-second Units, the system of funda- mental units in which a centimeter is adopted as the unit of length, a gram as the unit of mass, and a second as the unit of time. Coulomb, the unit of measurement of electric quantity; the quantity of electricity that passes during one second through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of electromotive force. The micro-coatlomé is the millionth part of this amount. Unit of Current, a conductor one cm. long which, if bent into an arc of one cm. radius, will act with the force of one degree on a unit magnet pole at the center. Dyne, the unit of force; i. e., the force which if it acted for one sec- ond on a mass of one gram would, if the mass was previously at rest, give it a velocity of one centimeter per second ; or if it was previously in motion in the direction of the force, would in that time alter its ve- locity by that amount. Erg. See (nit of PPorã. Ergten, Io,000,000,000 ergs. Farad, the unit of electric capacity. Practically, a capacity sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a potential of one volt. The micro-farad, Toºwºo part of the theo- retic farad, is commonly used. A practical form of condenser of one farad capacity consists of 300 leaves of tinfoil, each 16 centimeters in diameter, separated by leaves of mica. The entire surface has an area of about 1.1 sq. meters. Joule, the unit of electric energy or work. The volt coulomb. It equals IO,OOO,OOO ergs. Unit Magnet Pole, a magnet having a strength of pole sufficient to repel a similar pole at a distance with a force of one degree. Megalerg, I, OOO,OOO ergs. Megavolt, I,000,000 volts. Micro-coulomb. ELECTRICETY 414 See Cozºlomb. Microfarad. See Farad. Micro- volt, one millionth part of a volt. Milliampère. See Ampère. Ohm, the unit of resistance. Practi- tically, it is the resistance of a pure silver wire one meter in length and one millimeter in diameter. The theoretic or absolute unit is rºwdowow part of the unit practically used. Volt, the unit of electro-mo- tive force, or the force sufficient to cause a current of one ampère to flow against a resistance of one ohm. The following is the voltage of several popular cells: Smee, O.65; Bunsen, I. 9o ; Daniell, I. O5; Callaud, o.60; Leclanche, I.50. Volt-ampère, the unit of electric work. It is the amount of pressure developed by a current of one ampère having an electromotive force of one volt. Its mechanical equivalent is about 44.2 foot-pounds per minute. It is sometimes called a Watt. Volt-coulomb, the unit of electric work. Watt. See Volt-ampère. Weber, an ampère. Unit of Work, the erg; it is equal to the work required to move a body through one centimeter against a force of one dyne. The reciprocal relations of these elec- tric units may be expressed thus:– I volt X I coulomb = . . . . . . I joule I volt X I ampère = . . . . . . . I Watt I volt X I ohm F . . . . . I ampère I ampère X 1 ohm F * * * * * . . I volt I volt X I ampère X 1 ohm = . . . . . . . I Watt I volt XI ampère X 1 ohm X I second = . . . . . . I joule I ampère X I second = . . . . . I coulomb Electricity (e-/ek-tris/-īt-e) [#Wektpov, amber]. One of the forces of nature developed or generated by chem- ism, magnetism, or friction, and probably a mode of ethereal vibration, closely analogous to and converti- ble into heat and light. It has been largely employed in its various forms for therapeutic purposes. Most animal and vegetable fibers (living) contract when an electric current is passed through them, and, in fact, no substance is known that does not offer some resist- ance to the passage of an electric current. By the Conducting Power of a substance is meant the ability of a given length and area of a cross-section of that substance to conduct electricity, as compared with an equal length and area of a cross-section of some other substance, such as pure silver or copper. This power may, in various substances, be pronounced, partial, or absent, Good conductors are silver, copper, other metals, charcoal; partial conductors are water, the human body, cotton, wood, marble, paper; non-cont- ductors, oils, porcelain, dry wood, silk, resins, dry air, shellac, gutta-percha, ebonite, paraffin, glass. E., Animal, free electricity in the body. E., Chemic. See A., Galvanic. E., Faradic, that produced by induction. E., Franklinic, frictional or static elec- tricity. E., Frictional, that produced by friction. E., Galvanic, that which is generated by chemic action in a galvanic cell. E., Inductive, that produced in a body by proximity to an electrified body without contact. E., Magnetic, that developed by bringing a conductor near the poles of a magnet. See Current. E., Medical, that used for therapeutic purposes. E., Static, frictional electricity. E., Voltaic, same as galvanic or chemic electricity. Electrization (e-le/4-triz-a/-shum) [#Wektpov, amber]. The application of electricity to the body. E., General, the therapeutic application of electricity to all parts of the surface of the body. Electrize (e-le/-triz) [.ækrpov, amber]. To treat by means of electricity. Electrizer (e-ſe/-/ri-zer) [īāektpov, amber]. A metal disc of copper and zinc, or silver and zinc applied to the surface of the body, and connected with copper wire, exciting, through the perspiration, a feeble galvanic Current. electrode, or by a sponge or brush. ELECTRODE Electro- (e-leå/-tro-) [#Aektpov, amber]. A Greek word used as a prefix to denote connection with or relation to electricity. E.-anesthesia, inability to perceive the sensation made by electricity upon the skin. E.-biology, the science of the electric relations and laws of organic beings, E.-bioscopy. See Aioscopy. E.-centesis, the use of electrolysis to cause absorp. tion of effusions, as in pleurisy. E.-chennistry, the science of the inter-relations and laws of electricity and chemistry. E.-cystoscopy, examination of the bladder by means of electric illumination. E.-diag- nosis, diagnosis by means of the exaggeration or diminution of the reaction of the excitable tissues of the body when subjected to the varying influences of electric currents. E.-esthesia, ability to perceive the Sensation made by the reception of an electric dis- charge ; it may co-exist with local anesthesia, or with loss of the power to perceive other sensations. E.-magnet, a mass of soft iron surrounded by a coil of wire. E.-magnetic Inertia, a term some- times employed instead of inductance or the self- induction of a current. E.-magnetism, magnetism induced within iron, steel, or nickel, by introducing it within a coil through which a current is passing. E.-massage, the transmission of a current of elec- tricity through a kneading instrument; the use of labile currents applied by means of a rolling or wheel E.-motive, pertaining to the mechanic or motor effects of elec- tricity. E.-motor Force, that which sets electricity in motion; the difference of potential between two points. It is estimated in volts. E.-muscular, per- taining to the action of electricity upon muscles. E.-muscular Contractility, the contractile response of a muscle to an electric current. E.-muscular Sen- sibility, the impression upon a sensory nerve by electric irritation." E.-otiatria, electricity applied to the treatment of diseases of the ear. E.-pathology, the study of morbid conditions by the aid of electric irrita- tion. E.-physiology, the study of electric reactions, properties, and relations of organs and organic tissues. E.-puncturation, or E. -puncture, the use of needles as electrodes, which are thrust into an organ, or tumor, e.g., into the cavity of an aneurysm, with the object of coagulating the contained blood. E.-sensibility, an effect produced on a sensory nerve by its electriza- tion. E.-statics, the science of static electricity, or that developed by friction and induction. E.-thanasis, a word proposed for death by electricity. E.-thera- peutic Bath. See Bath. ..., E.-therapeutics, the science and art of the application of electricity for therapeutic purposes. E.-therapy. See E.-thera- peutics. E.-thermometry, the determination of the radiation of body-heat by means of an electric ther- moscope. E.-vital, pertaining both to electricity and to the phenomena of life. E.-vitalism, the theoretic identification of the vital forces with electricity. Electrode (e-Jeż-tröd) [#%ektpov, amber; 666c, a way]. The instruments, fastened to the conducting cords of a battery, that are used in the application of electricity to the body. The standard sizes of electrodes gen- erally adopted in therapy are, according to Erb, as follows:— - I. Fine electrode, . . . . . . % cm. diameter. 2. Small “ . . . . . . 2 “ § { 3. Medium “ . . . . . . { { § { 4. Large “ . . . . . . 6 X 2 “ 5. Very large 8 XI6 “ E., Brush, one end fitted with a camel's-hair pencil. E., Clay, a therapeutic electrode of clay shaped to fit the part of the body to be treated. E., Electro- therapeutic, the therapeutic electrode is generally ELECTROGENESIS placed nearer the organ or part to be treated than the indifferent electrode. E., Indifferent, the elec- trode that is employed merely to complete the cir- cuit; not directly concerned in the treatment or diag- nosis. E., Non-polarizable, zinc wires treated and So arranged as to prevent electrolysis. See Anzode and Cathode. , Electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jen/-es-is) [ffektpov, amber; Yévéag, production]. Results following the applica- tion of electricity to the spinal cord or nerve after the withdrawal of the electrodes. Electrolysis (e-le/4-tro/-is-is) [7%ektpov, amber; 2004, solution]. The dissolution of a chemic compound by an electric current; the discussion, of any morbid growth by means of an electro-chemic current. It is used in the treatment of hydrocele and some other surgical affections. Electrolytic (e-lek-tro-lif/-i}) [#Wektpov, amber; Wüoug, solution]. Relating to electrolysis. Electrometer (e-ſek-trom/-et-er) [īāekTpov, electricity; puérpov, a measure]. An instrument for the measure- ment of differences of electric potential. Electrophonize (e-leſſ-troſ'-on-iz) [#2ektpov, amber; póvog, a killing]. To inflict capital punishment by means of electricity. Electrophony (e-lek-troſ’-o-me) [#Aeſcrpov, amber; $600g, a killing]. Capital punishment by means of electricity. Electrophorus (e-leſſ-troſ’-or-us) [#28krpov, amber; pépetv, to carry] An instrument used to generate small quantities of static electricity. Electropoion Fluid (e-le&-tro-poi/-on) [#Wektpov, amber; Toteiv, to make]. A battery fluid made by dissolving I lb. of potassium bichromate in a mixture of water Io lbs. to sulphuric acid (commercial) 2% lbs. Electroscope (e-le&/-tro-sköp)[#%ektpov, amber; akoſſeiv, to view]. An instrument for detecting the presence of static electricity and determining whether it is posi- tive or negative. Electrostixis (e-lek-tro-stićs/-īs) [#28kTpov, amber; orište, puncture]. Electro-puncture, g. v. Electrothanasize (e-lek-tro-than/-as-iz) [#2ekTpov, am- ber; bavatóelv, to kill]. To produce death by elec- tricity, but not as capital punishment. Electrothanatose (e-lek-tro-than/-at-ös) [#%ékrpov, am- ber; flávatog, death]. Same as AElectrothanasize. Electrothanatosis &ziº, [%ektpov, amber; 6avátoolg, a putting to death]. Death by electricity. Electrotisis (e-leſſ-trot/-is-is) [#Wektpov, amber; touc, penalty]. Capital punishment by electricity. Electrotistic (e-left-tro-tis/-tić) [#%ektpov, amber; touc, penalty]. Pertaining to capital punishment by means of electricity. Electrotistis (e-le&-tro-tis/-tis). Blectrotisis, g. v. Electrotome (e-le/4'-tro-tom) [#2ektpov, amber; Téuvetv, to cut]. The circuit-breaker of an electric battery; especially one that acts automatically. Electrotonic (e-lek-fro-ton/-ić) [iſ?ekrpov, amber; Tôvoç, tension]. Relating to or of the nature of electrotonus. E. Effect, an altered condition of excitability of a nerve produced when in the electrotonic state. Electrotonus (e-lek-trotº-o-mus) [äskrpov, amber; Tóvoc, tension]. The change of condition in a nerve during the application of a current of electricity. A decrease in the electro-motive force of a nerve, effected by sending a current through the nerve in the opposite direction to the nerve-current, is termed the negative phase of electrotonus, while an increase in the electro- motive force of a nerve, effected by sending a current through a nerve in the same direction as the nerve- current, is termed the positive phase of electrotonus. An incorrect form of 415 ELEPHANTIASIS See Amelectrotonus, Catelectrotomus, and Electrogenesis. E., Law of. See Zazy. Electrovection (e-lek-dro-vek/-shum) [7%ekrpov, amber; vehere, to carry]. Electric endosmosis; the intro. duction of medicaments into the system by means of the electric current; cataphoresis. Electrozemia (e-left-tro-ze/-me-ah) [#28krpov, amber; Çmuía, penalty]. A word proposed for capital punish- ment by electricity; electrotisis. Electuary (e-le&/-chu-a-re) [electuarium, an electuary]. A soft or pasty confection. See Confectio. Eleidin (el-e/-id-in) [#2aía, olive-oil]. A material that forms the elliptic granules of the superficial cells of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. It is called also keratohyalin. Element (e/-em-ent) [elementum, a first principle]. In chemistry, a body that cannot be decomposed into sim- pler substances. The recognized elements now num- ber about 73. See Table of Elements, on p. 416. The term is applied in biology to the ultimate microscopic structures of a tissue. In electricity, one of the gen- erating plates in a galvanic cell. E., Mendelejeff’s Classification of, the classification of elements ac- cording to their atomic weights. See Elements, Zable of, AVote. Elementary (el-e-men'-ta-re) [elementum, a first princi- ple]. Pertaining to an element. E. Cell, an embry- onic corpuscle. Also, a synonym of Zeukocyte, g. v. Elemi (el/-em-i) [Arab]. A concrete resinous exudation probably derived from the Canarium commzºne, al- though its botanic source is still undetermined. It contains a crystalline resin, AE/emin or Amyrin. Its action is similar to those of the turpentines generally. E., Unguent. (B.P.), elemi and simple ointment; it is used as an application to indolent Sores and boils. Many other resins are known to commerce as elemi. In general, the elem is are softer than the copals, and they may be classed together as a group of somewhat hard oleo-resins. See A’esins. Eleocharis (e-le-o/-ar-is) [šZog, marsh; raipeiv, to rejoice]. A genus of sedges or cyperaceous plants; the spike-rushes. E. palustris, a plant very common in Europe, Asia, and N. America, is a popular astring- ent remedy, useful for diarrhea and for hemorrhages. The root, tops, and seeds are used. Unof. Eleoptene (2/-e-op/-tem) [š%atov, oil; TTm'6c, volatile]. The permanent liquid principle of volatile oils. See Stearopfene. Eleosaccharum (e-le-o-sa/º/-ar-um) [L. : pſ., Fleosac- chara]. Same as Oſeosaccharum. Elephant Leg. See Elephantiasis arabum. Elephant's Foot (e/-e-fants foot). Any plant of the genus Elephantopus, order Compositae. The U. S. has several species. Elephantopus tomentosus is diu- retic, expectorant, and emetic. Dose of the flá. ext. muv-xxx. Unof. A. carolinianus is tonic and febri- fuge, and so are various tropical species. Elephantiasis (el-e-fam-ti’-as-is) [8%éðaç, an elephant]. Blephantiasis arabum ; Barbadoes /*g, Tropical big Jeg, spargosis ; elephant leg; morbus elephas, buc- nemia tropica; pachydermia : a chronic affection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, often occurring as an endemic or sporadic disease, due to obliteration of lymph-vessels, resulting in febrile and other systemic symptoms, redness, tumefaction, and infiltration of the affected part, and the eventual production of a well- marked hypertrophy that may become gigantic. It is most common in the leg and genitals, E. grae- corum. See Zeprosy. E. indica. Synonym of B. arabum. E. telangiectodes, a rare vascular form of elephantiasis arabum of congenital origin but of later development. ; TABLE OF CHEMIC ELEMENTS. Arranged alphabetically from data of advance sheets of Funk and Wagnall's Standard Dictionary ſcopyrighted]. (Published by permission.) i 8:35, re; g *g %. :-P U †e 3 | # | # ### § # NAME. DERIVATION. # 5: 3"> .#5 Q) 3 By whom. Where and how found. P. *-* ă, Ş 80.8 Tº: O § | <> Un Go #5 # P É ~, £3ſ Aluminum, . . . . L. alumen, alum. Al 27.o 2.58 |1160°F. ; $3. C. III I828|Wöhler. In many rocks. . (The most abundant metal.) Antimony (stibium), L. antimonium. Sb | I2O.o 6.70 |432° C.; 808°F. V 1450|Valentine. Chiefly as sulphid, and in various metallic ores Argentum, . . . . [See Silver. s g e * Arsenic, . . . . . L. arsemicum. As | 75.o 5.71 Ab’t 500°C.; 932°F. V 1694|Schroeder. Native, as sulphid, and in various metallic ores. Aurum, . . . . . . See Gold. g º º Barium, . . . . . Gr. 8apús, heavy. Ba I37.o 3.75 |Above redness. II 1808. Davy. In barite and witherite. Beryllium, . See Glucinum. ſº sº & Bismuth, . . . . . Ger. (unknown origin). Bi 208.9 9.8o 2689 C.; 517°F. V 1450|Basil Valentine. Native, as sulphid, and in rare minerals. Boron, . . . . . . Borax. B II.O 2.6 Very high. III 1808, Davy. In borax and various minerals. ſº Bromin, . . . . . Gr. 8poptos, stench. Br 79.95 3.19 —7.2° C.; —20° F. I or VII 1826; Balard. Mainly in sea-water and other natural brines. Cadmium, . Gr. kośpieta, calamin. Col 112.o 8.65 |321° C. ; 609°F. II 1817|Stromeyer. In small amount in zinc ores. . Calcium, . . . . . L. calar, lime. Ca 4o.o 1.6 to 1.8 |Bright redness. II 1808||Davy In limestone, and abundantly in other rocks. Carbon, . . . . . L. carbo, charcoal. C I2. O 3.52 f |Infusible IV . . |Prehistoric. In coal, limestone, and all organic matter. Cerium, . . . . . Planet Ceres. Ce I40.2 6.7 Below silver. III or IV 1803||Berzelius. In cerite and other rare minerals. wº Cesium, . . . . . L. caesius, sky-blue spectrum. || Cs I32.9 1.88 |26.5°C.; 80° F. I 1860|Bunsen. In lepidolite, pollucite, and mineral springs. Chlorin, . . . . . Gr. XAgopós, green. Cl 35.45 1.33 f |-75.6 C.; –103°F. I or VII 1774|Scheele. In common salt (NaCl), and other chlorids. . Chromium, . . . . Gr. xpópºa, color. Cr 52. I 7.3 Above platinum. II or VI 1797 Vauquelin. Mainly in chrome-iron ore. Cobalt, . . . . . . . [Ger. Kobold, goblin. CO | 59.o 8.96 1500° C.; 2732°F. II or VIII 1733|Brandt. In many metallic ores. cºpium gº Columbia. Cb 94.o Above 7 . . . . . . . . . . . V 1801 Hatchett. In columbite and other rare minerals. Copper (crºprum), . L. Cyprus. Cu 63.6 8.9 IoS4°C.; 1931°F. I or II . . . Prehistoric. Native, and in many ores. . Erbium, . . . . . Ytterby, a town in Sweden. Er | 166.3 • * * : * * * * * * * * e º III 1843|Mosander. In rare minerals, as gadolinite, etc. Ferrum, . . . . . See Ironz. - & Fluorin, . . . . . L. fluor, fluence, to flow. F I9.0 gº tº tº gº tº gº º e º 'º s tº I or VII 1771 Scheele. In fluorite (CaF2) and other minerals. Gadolinium, . |Gadolin, a Russian chemist. Gd 156.1 e tº s e º e º & & & s º & III 1886|Marignac. In rare minerals, as gadolinite, etc. Gallium, . . . . . L. Gallia, France. Ga 69.o 5.95 |30.1° C.; 86° F. III 1875|Boisbaudran. In certain zinc-blendes. Germanium, . . . [L. Germania, Germany. Ge | 72.3 5.47 900° C.; 1652°F. IV 1886|Winkler. In argyrodite, a rare mineral. Gº m (beryl- ||Gr. 'y?\vkös, sweet. Gl 9.O I 85 |Above redness II I828|Wöhler. In beryl and several rare minerals - Gold (aurum), . Anglo-Saxon. Au 197.3 I9 3 Ioas? C.; 1913° F. I or III . Prehistoric. Generally free, rarely combined, in various ores. Hydrargyrum, . . [See Mercury. - . . Hydrogen, . . . . Gr. 5600p; yewvāv,water-forming. H I.Oo3 o.o.25 f –2009 C.f; —3.28° F. I 1766|Cavendish. Mainly in water (H2O). Indium, . . . . . . From its indigo spectrum. In II3.7 7.4 1769 C.; 348° F. III 1863|Reich and Richter. In certain zinc ores. Iodin, . . . . . . . Gr. itóöms, violet. I I2585 4.95 |II4°C. ; 238° F. I or VII. 1811|Courtois. Mainly in ashes of seaweeds. Iridium, . . . . . L. iris, a rainbow. Ir . . I93. I 22.4 1950° C. : 3542°F. II or IV 18o3|Tennant. In iridosmin. Iron (ferrum), . . Anglo-Saxon iren. Fe 56.o 8.o 1600° C.; 29129 F. II or IV . . [Prehistoric. As oxid and sulphid, and in nearly all rocks. Kalium, . . . . . See Potassium. - Lanthanum, . . . Gr. Aavdāveuv, to conceal. La I38 2 6. I . . . . . . . . . . III 1839|Mosander. In cerite and other rare minerals. - Lead (plumöum), . Anglo-Saxon. Pb | 206.95 11.36 |326° C.; 8509 F. II or IV . . Prehistoric. In galena (PbS) and other ores. Lithium, . . . . . Gr. Atôos, a stone. Li 7.02 o.585 180° C. : 356° F. I 1817|Arfvedson. In lepidolite, spodumene, and some rare minerals. Magnesium, . |Magnesia, district in Thessaly. Mg 24.3 I.75 Ab’t 430° C ; 806°F. FI 1829|Bussy. In Sea-water, magnesite, and many rocks. Manganese, . . . . L. magnes, magnet. Mn 55.o 72 Above iron. II or VII 1774|Gahn. In pyrolusite and many other minerals . Masrium, . . . . . Arabic name for Egypt. Ms 228. & g º I tº & E & sº a dº º º tº II 1890 Johnson Pacha. In bed of old river in upper Egypt, in Masrite. Mººr) Name of planet. Hg 200.o 13.596 —38 8°C.; —38° F. I or II . . |Prehistoric. Native, and in cinnabar (Hgs). : Molybdenum, . Gr. ºlóAv860s, lead. Mo 96.o 8.6 Very high. II or VI 1782|Hjelm. Mainly as molybdenite (MoS2). S É Natrium, . . . . . See Sodium. - & 38 ||Neodymium, . . . Gr. véos, new, and 6tövuos, twin. Nd 140.5 |About 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . III or IV 1885|Welsbach. In cerite and other rare minerals. 39 Nickel, . . . . . . Ger. Kupfernickel. Ni 58.o 8.9 1450° C.; 2642°F II or VIII |1751 Cronstedt. In many metallic ores. Niobium, . . . . . See Columbaum. . - 40 |Nitrogen, . . . . . Gr., niter-forming. N I4.O3 o:38 || | . . . . . . . . . . V : 1772|Rutherford. In the atmosphere and organic matter. - 41 Osmium, . . . . . Gr. 8a ºff, odor. Os 190.08 22.48 Nearly infusible. II or VII 1803|Tennant. In iridosmin and native platinum. [bined ) 42 |Oxygen, . . . . . Gr. 650s; yewvāv, acid-forming. O I6.o 1. it 3 | . . . . . . . . . . II or VI 1774|Priestley. Free in air (Forms one-half the earth's crust, com- 43 |Palladium, . Planet Pallas. Pol IO6.6 I2. I 15009 C.; 2732°F. II or IV 1804|Wollaston. Native, and with platinum and gold. 44 |Phosphorus, . Gr. ºbworthópos, light-bearing. P 3I.O 1.84 |44.2° C.; 112°F. V 1669|Brandt. In bones, and in apatite and many minerals. 45 |Platinum, . . . . . Span. A latina, dim. of plata, Pt 195.o 2I-5 1775° C.; 32259 F. II or IV 1741|Wood. Mainly as native platinum in river-gravels. Plumbum, . . . . See Lead. [silver. - - 46 Potassium (Æalium), Eng. Zºotash. K 39. II o.86 |62.5° C. : 144.5° F. I 1807|Davy. In wood-ashes and many rocks. . . 47 |Prascodymium, . . Gr. ºrpáorov, green, and Šíðvuos. Prº 143.5 |About 65] . . . . . . . . . . III or IV 1885|Welsbach. In cerite and other rare minerals. 48 |Rhodium, . . Gr. péðov, rose. Rh Io3.o I 2 I 2000° C.; 36329 F. II or VIII 1804|Wollaston. With platinum and iridosmin. 49 |Rubidium, . L. rubidus, red (its spectrum). Rb 85.5 1.52 |38.5° C.; Ior.5° F. I I86o Bunsen. In lepidolite and some mineral springs. 50 |Ruthenium, ... [Rus. Ruthenia. Ru IoI.6 I2.26 Nearly infusible. II or VII 1845|Claus With platinum and iridosmin. 51 Samarium, . . . . ||Samarski, a Russian savant. Sm | I5o.o * : * is i e º e g º e º e º us III 1879. Boisbaudran. In Samarskite, cerite, and other rare minerals. 52 Scandium, . Scandinavia. Sc 44.O tº tº * : * * * * * * * * * * III 1879|Nilson. In gadolinite and other rare minerals. - 53 ||Selenium, . Gr. orexivn, moon. Se 79.o 4.5 217° C.; 4.25° F. II or VI 1817|Berzelius. Mainly in sulphur as an impurity. ſoxygen 54 |Silicon, . . . . . . L. silez, flint. Si 28.4 2.48 |Ab'e 800°C.; 1500°F IV 1823||Berzelius In quartz (SiO2). Most abundant element after 55 |Silver § Anglo-Saxon seolfor. Ag | Io'7.9 Io. 5 954° C.; 17509 F. I . . Prehistoric. Native, and in many ores. - 56 Sodium (matrium), Eng. soda. Na 23.05 o,97 |95.6°C.; 204 °F. I 1807|Davy. In common salt (NaCl) and many rocks. Stannum, . . . . . See Tizz. Stibium, . . . . . See Antimony. 57 Strontium, . Strontian, a town in Scotland. | Sr 87.6 2.5 Red heat. II 1808||Davy. In celestite and strontianite. ſphates. 58 |Sulphur, . . . . . L. szzlphzez’ S 32.06 2.07 |114.5°C. ; 23.5°F. II or VI . . Prehistoric. Native, and in many natural sulphids and sul- 59 |Tantalum, Tantalus (Gr. Myth.). Ta | 182.6 | Above Iol . . . . . . . . . . . . V 1802|Ekeberg. In tantalite and other rare minerals. '- . 6o Tellurium, L. tellus, earth. Te 125.o 6.23 455° C.; 851°F. II or VI 1782 Reichenstein. In several rare minerals. . 61 |Terbium, . . . . . Ytterby, a town in Sweden. Tb 16o.o • tº e i tº tº a tº e º e º s tº III 1843|Mosander. In rare minerals, as gadolinite, etc. - 62 Thallium, . . . . . Gr. 6axAós, budding twig. Tl 204.18 II. 19 |239.9°C.; 561° F. I or III 1862|Crookes. In pyrites and in flue-dust of sulphuric-acid works. 63 Thorium, . . . . . God Thor. Th 232 6 II. 23 Almost infusible. IV 1828 Berzelius. In thorite and other rare minerals 64 Thulium, . . . Thule, Northland. Tu 17o.7 * * * : * * * * g e s e º e III 1879|Cleve. In rare minerals, as gadolinite, etc. 65 |Tin (stannum), . . Anglo-Saxon. Sn 119.o 7.25 ' |233°C.: 55.1°F. II or IV . . Prehistoric. Mainly in cassiterite (SnO2). [amounts. 66 Titanium, . . . . [L. Titanes, sons of the earth. Ti 48.0 . . . |Not iš. e IV 1789|Gregor. Widely diffused in rocks and clays, in small 67 *};...) (zwol- } Swed., heavy stone. W 184.o I9.26 Very high. IV or VI 1781|d’Elhujar. Mainly in wolframite (MnFeWO4). y º 68 ||Uranium, . . . . . . Planet Uranus. U 239.6 18.69 |Very high. II or VI 1789|Klaproth. In pitch-blende and other rare minerals. 69 Vanadium, . . . . [Goddess Vanadis (Freya). V 51.4 5.87 In oxyhydric flame. V 1830 Sefstrom. In vanadinite and other rare minerals. Wolframium, . . . [See Tungsten. . 70 Ytterbium, . . . . . Ptterby, a town in Sweden. Yb 173.o tº º e º III 1878|Marignac. In rare minerals, as gadolinite, etc. 71 ||Yttrium, . . . . . . Ytterby, a town in Sweden. Yt 89. I tº s & I e º 'º º º ſº º G & ºt III 1828|Wohler. In gadolinite and other rare minerals. 72 |Zinc (zincum), . Ger. 2 ink. Zn 65.3 7.12 |433°C. ; 811.5° F. II 1520|Paracelsus. In ores, as oxid, silicate, sulphid, and carbonate. 73 |Zirconium, . . . . Ar. 2arkun, gold-colored. Zr 90.06 4. I5 |Above sulphur. IV 1824|Berzelius. In zircon and other rare minerals. In the foregoing table the alphabetic, instead of the Mendelejeff classification, has been followed. Formerly elements were grouped according to their resemblance to some member, as the Potassium group, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; the Calcium group, Ca, Sr, and Ba; the Magnesium group, Gl, Mg, Zn, and Cd; the Aluminum group, Al, Yt, Ga, Zr, Er, In, La, Pr, Nd, and Th; the Iron group, Fe, Co, Ni, U, Ce; the Manganese group, Va, Cr, Mn, and Mo; the Antimony group, Sb and Bi; the Tin group, Ti, Cb, Sn, Ta, and W.; the Silver group, Cu, Ag, Hg, Tl, and Pb; and the Platinum group, Rh, Ru, Pd, Au, Pt, Ir, and Os. Since the acceptance of the periodic law, elements have been arranged in the order of their atomic weights, and each group shows indications of an arithmetic progression. In the Mendelejeff classification, the following are the groupings: Group I, with Valence 1, H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. Group II, with Valences II, G1, Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, Hg. Group III, with Valences III, B, Al, Sc, Ga, Yt, In, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, Tu, Yb, T1. Group IV, with Valences Iv, C, Si, Ti, Ge, Zr, Sn, Ce, Ph, Th. Group V, with Valences V, N, P, V, As, Cb, Sb, Ta, Bi. Group VI, with Valences v1, O, S, Cr, Se, Mo, Te, W, U. Group VII, with Valences v11, F, Cl, Mu, Br, Ru, I, Os. Group VIII, with various Valences, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au. * The factors in the columns of specific gravities and melting-points naturally vary with the form which the element takes (e.g., in carbon the specific gravity varies as diamond, charcoal, or lampblack is taken), but as far as possible the factor of the most typical form is given. † Of the liquid element. † Diamond. | Of the liquid at o' C. 3 Of the liquid at –181° C. ELEPHANTOID FEVER 418 See Fezer. Elephantoid Fever (el-e-fan/-toid). Synonym of Elephantiasis Elephas (e/-e-ſas) [L.]. arabum. Eleuthera Bark (e-lu'-ther-ah). See Cascarilla. Eleutheropetalous (e-lu-ther-o-pet/-al-us) [šWeißepoc, free; Téražov, a leaf, a petal]. Polypetalous. The same as choripetalous. Eleutherophyllous (e-lu-ther-o-fi/-us) [šWeißepoc, free; biºlov, a leaf J. In biology, made up of distinct leaves; polypetalous or polysepalous. Elevator (el/-e-va-tor) [elevare, to lift]. I. The same as Zeziator. See Muscles, Zable of 2. An instrument used in surgery and dentistry. E. Disease, one of the professional neuroses, due to constant traveling in an elevator. Elimination (e-lim-in-a/-shum) [e, out; limen, thresh- old]. Excretion; the process of putting forth or out. Eliquation (e/-ić-wa/-shun) [eliquare, to melt out]. The separation of one substance from another by fusion or melting. Elixir (e-lićs/-er) [Arab., el úsir, the philosopher's stone]. A sweetened, aromatic, spirituous prepara- tion, which is practically a flavored syrup designed as an excipient for extracts and tinctures. There are many elixirs, only two of which are official in the U. S. P. ; in the N. F. more than seventy are described. E. aromaticum, aromatic elixir, comp. Spirit of orange I2 c.c., syrup 375 c.c., precipitated calcium phosphate I5 gm., deodorized alcohol and distilled water, q. s. Elixiviation (e-liks-iv-e-a/-shun). See Zixiviation. Elkodermatosis (el-Áo-der-mat-o/-sis) [8%koç, an ulcer; Öépua, skin; v6ooç, disease]. An ulcerative skin- affection. Ellagic Acid (el-aſ-ić). See Acid. Elliot's Bassorin Paste. A paste used in the treat- ment of eczema. It consists of bassorin, IO drams; dextrin, 6 drams; glycerin, 2 drams; water, sufficient to make 25% drams. It should be prepared cold. Elliptic, Elliptical (el-ip/-tić, -al) [š2%elºpic, ellipse]. Having the form of an ellipse. E. Amputation. See Amputation. Ellis’s Curved Line. See Zigament. Ellison's Ventilating Bricks. See Wentiſation. Elm. See Ú/meats and Fremontza. Elocution (el-o-Azt/-shun) [e, out of ; Zoqui, to speak]. The choice, arrangement, and delivery of words and language, including the use of the voice, the action of the lungs, diaphragm, gesture, etc. Elocutionist (el-o-Au/-s/hun-ist) [e, out of ; loqui, to speak]. One who is skilled in the art of elocution. E.'s Cramp. See Cramp. Elodea (e/-o-de/-a/.) [8%ómg, marshy]. The marsh St. John's Worts; a genus of hypericaceous plants. E. virginica, common in the U. S. and Canada, is a popular stomachic, Unof. Elodes (e-lo’-dez) [8%óðng, swampy; 8%0g, a swamp]. Marsh or paludal fever; malarial fever. Elsberg, Plastidules of. See Aeredity. Elutriation (e-/u-/re-a/-shun) [elutriare, to wash out]. A water-sifting process whereby the coarser particles of an insoluble substance are separated from the finer. Ely's Operation. See Operations, Table of E.'s Table. See Pregnancy. Elythritis (e/-igh-riſ-tis). See Vaginitis. See Line. E., Ligament of. Elytratresia (e/-it-rat-re/-ze-ah) [8%vrpov, sheath; ărpmroç, imperforate]. Atresia of the vagina; colpa- tresia. Elytreurynter (el-it-ru-rin/-ter) [šāvrpov, sheath; eipinºeuv, to make broad]. Same as Coſpeurymter. Elytritis (e/-it-ri’-ſis) [3%vrpov, the vagina; inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. tºttſ, EMBLICA Elytrocele (el/-it-ro-sel) [šAvrpov, sheath; kham, her- nia]. Colpocele; vaginal hernia. Elytroclasia "... -se-ah) [šWvrpov, sheath; kää- etv, to break]. Rupture of the vagina. Elytroncus (el-it-rong/-kus). Same as Elytrophyma. Elytrophyma (el-it-roºft/-mah) [3%vrpov, sheath; pipia, a tumor]. Swelling or tumor of the vagina. Elytroplastic (el-it-ro-plas/-tiâ) [šAvrpov, sheath; Tāāq- oeuv, to form]. Relating to elytroplasty. Elytroplasty (el/-it-ro-plas-te) [šāvrpov, sheath; tràáo- oeuv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the vagina, especially for vesico-vaginal fistula. Elytropolypus (el-it-ro-pol/-ip-us) [šAvrpov, sheath; Tožūtrovg, polypus]. Vaginal polypus. Elytroptosis (el-it-rop-to/-sis) [šAvrpov, sheath; Trôatc, a falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. Elytrorrhagia (el-it-ror-a/ ſº [8%vrpov, sheath; bmyvival, to burst forth]. emorrhage from the vagina. Elytrorrhaphy (el-it-ror/-a-ſe) [šAvrpov, sheath; baph, a seam]. Suture of the vaginal wall. An operation to close the opening of the vagina in procidentia uteri. Elytrorrhea (el-it-ror-e'-ah) [ÉAvrpov, sheath; bota, a flow]. A vaginal leukorrhea. Elytrostenosis (el-it-ro-ste-mo/-sis) [šAvrpov, sheath; orévalouc, a contraction]. Colpostenosis; vaginal stricture. - Elytrotome (el-it'-ro-tom) [8%urpov, sheath; touff, a cutting]. An instrument for performing, elytrotomy. Elytrotomy (e/-it-rot/-o-me) [š%utpov, sheath; touff, a cutting]. Surgical incision of the vaginal wall. Elytrum, Elytron (e/-it-rum, -tron) [é%vrpov, a cover, case: //., Elytra]. In biology, one of the wing-covers, wing-sheaths, or modified fore-wings of beetles; also one of the scales on the back of certain worms. Emaciation (e-ma-se-a/-shun) [emaciare, to make lean]. Loss of the fat and fulness of the flesh of the body. Leanness. - Emaculation (e-mak-u-la/-shun) [emaculare, to remove spots]. The removal of freckles or other spots from the face. - Emanation (em-an-a/-shum) [emanare, to issue]. I. Emission ; radiation. 2. That which flows or issues from a substance; effluvium. Emandibulate (e-man-dib/-u-Măţ) [e, priv.; mandibula, mandible]. In biology, without mandibles, or at least with soft and minute mandibles. Emansio (e-man/-se-o) [L.]. A failing. sium, delayed menstruation; amenorrhea. Emarginate (e-mar/-jin-áē) [emarginatus, to deprive of the edge]. In biology, applied to a leaf or feather the margin of which is broken, notched, nicked, or otherwise modified. Emasculation (e-mas-Au-la/-shun) [emasculare, to make impotent]. Removal of the testicles; impo- tence. See, also, Eviration. Embalming (em-bahm/-ing.) [Fr., em, in ; bauma, bal- sam]. The treatment of a cadaver with antiseptic and preservative substances to keep it from putrefying. Embedding (em-bed/-ing). The fixation, in order to pre- serve it intact, of a tissue-specimen in a firmer medium before freezing or otherwise hardening and section. Embelia (em-be/-le-ah) [Embel, a German traveler]. A genus of shrubs. E. ribes, a myrtaceous shrub that grows in Asia; it is reputed to have anthelmintic properties. Dose of the powdered fruit, 3.j-iv; of the fluid extract, 3.j-iv. Unof. Emblica (em/-ółż-ah). [L.]. A genus of euphorbia- ceous trees. E. officinalis, a tree of India ; its fruit, the Emblica myrobalan (see Myrobalan), is astringent and vermifuge, the seed is febrifuge, and the bark is also medicinal. Unof, E. men- EMBOITMENT Emboitment (on(g)-bwat/-mon(g)) [OF., emboister, to inclose, as in a box]. In biology, Bonnet’s doctrine that each germ includes the germs of all generations that shall succeed it. Embolemia (em-bo/-e/-me-ah) [éuffo'oc, thrown in; alua, blood]. A state of the blood in which it is said that emboli are readily formed. Embolic (em-bo/-ić) [éuffo'oc, thrown inj. to, associated with, or caused by an embolus. Emboliform (em-bo/-iſ-orm) [Špiſłożoç, an embolus; forma, form]. Resembling an embolus. Embolism (em/-bo-lizm) [ég|30Åog, an embolus]. The obstruction of an artery or capillary, usually by a blood-clot or embolus, brought from another point by the blood-current. These emboli may be fragments of vegetation from the valves of the heart, clots from a thrombosis or aneurysm, or fragments of atheroma- tous tissue. Around the seat of an embolus thrombo- sis occurs with the production of an infarct, g. v. E., Air, by a bubble of air. E., Capillary, obstruction of capillaries by micrococci. This occurs in pyemia. E., Fat, the entrance into the circulation of fluid fat after extensive injuries. Death often follows. The symptoms are restlessness, anxiety, slight dyspnea, accelerated breathing, quickening of the pulse; cya- nosis, delirium, and insomnia, followed by coma, are graver symptoms. The temperature may remain sub- normal or it may rise. E., Infective, the emboli are metastatic. This occurs in pyemia and ulcerative endocarditis. E., Multiple, numerous small emboli. E., Paradoxical, embolism of an artery by a venous thrombus, as may occur in a patulous foramen ovale. E., Pyemic. See AE., Infective. E., Retinal, occur- ring in the arteria centralis retinae, followed by sudden loss of vision. E., Venous, Occurring in veins, espe- cially of the lungs and liver. Emboloid (em/-bo-loid) [šugołog, an embolus; eiðog, likeness]. Resembling an embolus. Embololalia (em-bo-lo-la/-le-ah) [éuffožoc, a thing thrown in ; Wahlä, talk]. The morbid intercalation of words, often meaningless, into the speech. Embolophrasia (em-do-lo-fra’-2e-a/.) [Šuffožog, inser- tion; ppágic, speech]. Embololalia. Embolus (em/-bo-ſus) [šuffo).og; &v, in ; 3ážWetv, to throw]. I. A clot of blood, or plug of other material, brought by the blood-current from a distant artery, and forming an obstruction at its place of lodgment. 2. Wilder’s term for the wºucleus embo/iformers. Emboly (em/-bo-le) [šuffo/ff, insertion]. In embryolo- gy, the process of invagination that gives rise to a gas- trula from a blastosphere or vesicular morula. Embrocation (em-6, o-ka/-shun) [&pſpéretv, to soak in]. A fluid external application for some injured or diseased part. Embryectomy (em-bre-ek/-to-me) [šušpwov, embryo; ëktoum, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of the embryo in extra-uterine pregnancy. Embryo (em/-bre-o) [šuffpwov]. The ovum and the pro- duct of conception up to the fourth month of pregnancy; the fertilized germ of an animal. Applied in botany to the rudimentary plant within the seed. E.-sac. In biology, (a) the cell in the nucleus of the ovule of flowering-plants, that contains the germinal vesicles and finally the embryo; (b) the protoconch or primi- tive shell of certain cephalopods. Relating 419 EMBRYO SCHEME OF THE FORMATION OF THE HEAD- AND TAIL-FOLDs. r. Head-fold. D. Anterior extremity of the future intestinal tract. S. Tail-fold, first rudiment of the cavity of the rectum. ſºº::=s *º § sº | A 0 Schem E OF A LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH AN EMBRYO AFTER THE FORMATION OF THE HEAD- AND TAIL-FOLDs. Ao. Omphalo-mesenteric arteries. Vo Omphalo-mesenteric veins. a. Position of the allantois. A. Amniotic fold. V.0 SCHEME of A Long ITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH A HUMAN Ovum I. Z. Zona pellucida. S. Serous cavity. r. Union of the amniotic folds, A. Cavity of the amnion. a. Allantois. N. Umbilical vesicle. m. Mesoblast. h. Heart. U. Primitive intestine. E __i=s_ Ig - SchEME of A Longitudy NAL SECTION OF AN EARLY EMBRYO. n). Mesoblast. E. Epiblast. e. Hypoblast. SCHEME OF HUMAN EMBRYO, witH THE VISCERAL ARCHES STILL PERSISTENT. A. Amnion. V. Fore-brain. M. Mid-brain. H. Hind-brain. N. After-brain. U. Primitive vertebrae. a. Eye. p. Nasal y. Internal nasal process. n. Ex- pit. S. Frontal process. ternal nasal process. r. Superior maxillary process of the first visceral arch. I, 2, 3, and 4. The four visceral archcs, with the visceral clefts between them, o. Auditory vesicle. h. Heart, with e, primitive aorta, which divides into the five aortic arches. f. Descending aorta, om. Onlphalic-mesen- teric artery, b. The omphalo-mesenteric arteries of the um- bilical vesicle. c. Omphalo-mesenteric vein. L. Liver with venae advehentes and revehentes, D, Intestine. f. Inferior cava. T. Coccyx, all Allantois, with z, one unbilical artery; and x, an umbilical vein. EMBRYOCARDIA Embryocardia (em-bre-o-Kar/-de-ah) [šugpwov, embryo; Kapóta, the heart]. An affection of the heart, char- acterized by a heart-beat like that of a fetus. It is usually associated with tachycardia, and a condition of collapse and cyanosis. See Cyematocardia. Embryoctony (em-bre-ok/-to-ne) [šuffpwov, embryo; kretvetv, to kill]. The destruction of the living fetus; the procurement of abortion. Embryogenesis (em-bre-o-jen’-es-is), Embryogeny (em-bre-oj/-en-e) [Épépvov, an embryo ; Yévnç, produc- ing]. That department of biology which deals with the development of the fecundated germ. Embryograph (em/-bre-o-graf) [šušpwov, embryo ; Ypapetv, to write]. A form of microscope and camera lucida for use in drawing outlines and figures in em- bryologic study. Embryography (em-bre-og/-ra-ſe) [šuffpwov, embryo; Ypápetv, to write]. A description of embryos. Embryologic (em-bre-o-o/-ić), Embryological (em- bre-o-log/-ić-al) [šušpwov, embryo; Aóyog, science]. Relating to embryology. Embryologist (em-bre-o/-o jist) [šuffpwov, embryo; Żóyoç, Science]. One skilled in the science of em- bryology. Embryology (em-bre-o/-oje) [šuſ?pwov, embryo ; A6).oç, science]. The science of the evolution of the em- bryo, or the study of fetal development. Embryon (em/-bre-on). Same as Embryo. Embryonal (em-bre-o'-mal). Same as AEmbryonic. Embryonic (em-bre-on/-ić) [šušpwov, embryol. Per- taining to the embryo. Area, in embryology, an opaque circular spot that forms on the blastoderm. E. Connective Tissue, the primitive condition of connective tissue when first formed, consisting of small, round cells. E. Spot. See E. Area. Embryotega (em-bre-off’-e-gah) [šušpwov, an embryo; Téyoç, a roof J. In biology, a small lid or cap cover- ing the micropyle in certain seeds. Embryotome (em/-bre-o-tom) [šušpwov, embryo ; Topºff, section]. An instrument used in embryotomy. Embryotomy (em-bre-of/-o-me) [Šuffpvov, embryo ; Topºff, section]. An operation for reduction of the size of the fetus to render possible its transmission through the birth-canal. See Cephalotripsy, Cranioclasm, Basiotribe, Basilyst, Decollation, Decapitation, Exen- teration, Evisceration, Zamination, Perforation, Spon- dylotomy, Transforation. Embryotoxon (em-bre-o-toks/-on) [šuffpwov, embryo; tóšov, a bowl. A condition resembling arcus senilis, sometimes seen at birth. - Embryotrophe (em/-bre-o-tröf) [šuffpvov, the embryo; Tpopff, nourishment]. In biology, the food-yolk. Embryotrophy (em-bre-of/-ro-ſe) [šuſ?pvov, embryo; Tpopff, nourishment]. The nutrition of the fetus. Embryulcia (em-bre-uſ/-se-ah)[šušpwov, embryo ; 8%ketv, to draw]. I. Forcible extraction of the fetus. 2. The operation of embryotomy Embryulcus (em-bre-uſ/-kus) [éuffpwovåkóc]. hook, or obstetric forceps. Emerald-green. See Chrome-green, Mittler's Green, Schweinfuré Green, Bri//iant Green. Emergence (e-mer/ºffens) [e, out; mergere, to merge; to rise out]. In biology, one of those structures occurring in higher plants, analogous to hairs, but differing from true hairs in not originating from single epidermal cells; they constitute a transition between trichomes in the stricter sense of the term, and leaves or secondary axes. Emergency (e-mer/jen-se) [emergere, to rise up]. A sudden, pressing, and unforeseen occasion for action ; an accident or condition unlooked for, and calling for prompt decision. A blunt 420 EMMENAGOGUE Emergent (e-mer/ ſent) [emergere, to rise up]. Sud- den, unforeseen, and urgent; calling for prompt de- cision and action; as an emergent case. Emerod (em/-er-od). See Hemorrhoid. Emesis (em/-es-is) [šueoug; áušetv, to vomit]. Vomiting. Emetatrophia (e-met-at-ro/-fe-ah) [šuecic, vomiting; âtpopia, wasting]. Atrophy or wasting, due to per- sistent vomiting. - Emetic (e-met/-ä) [šuettkóc, causing vomiting]. I. Having the power to induce vomiting. 2. An agent causing emesis, or a dose of such an agent. E., Direct, one acting directly on the nerves of the stomach. E., Indirect, or E., Systemic, one acting through the blood upon the vomiting-center, or by re- flex action from other peripheral sources. Emeticology. See Emetology. Emetin (em/-et-in). See Ipecacuanha. Emeto-catharsis (em/-et-o-Aath-ar/-sis) [Šueog, vomit- ing; Kaffaipeiv, to purge]. Vomiting and purgation at the same time, or produced by a common agent. Emeto-cathartic (em/-et-o-kath-ar/-tić) [šuegg, vom- iting; Kaffaipeiv, to purge]. Having power to induce emeto-catharsis. Emetology (em-et-o/-o-je) [šuetoc, vomiting; Aóyog, science]. The study or science of the physiology, pathology, and therapeutics of vomiting, and of the nature of emetics. Emetomania (em-et-o-ma/-ne-ah) [šuerog, vomiting; Havia, madness]. Insane desire for frequent emetics. Emetomorphin (em-et-o-morºſin) [šuerog, vomiting; Morpheus, the god of sleep]. Apomorphia. Emetophobia (em-et-o-fo/-be-ah) [šueroc, vomiting; 9630ſ, fear]. Morbid dread or fear of vomiting. Emiction (e-mik/-shun) [e, out; mingere, to void urine]. Urination. Emictory (e-mik/-for-e) [e, out; mingere, to void urine]. I. Promoting the secretion of urine. 2. A diuretic medicine. - Emigration (em-ig-ra/-shun) [e, out; migrare, to wan- der]. The outward passage of a wandering-cell or leu- kocyte through the wall of a blood-vessel; diapedesis. Eminence (em/-in-ens) ſeminentia, an eminence]. A rounded or protuberant part of an organ, especially of a bone. E., Canine. See Camine. E., Col- lateral, a triangular elevation in the paracele (lateral ventricle) collocated with the collateral fissure and be- tween the hippocamp and the calcar. E. of Doyère. See Doyère and Sarcoglia. E. facialis, an eminence in the angle formed by the striae and sulcus ventriculi. E., Frontal, the two eminences of the frontal bone above the superciliary ridges. E., Ilio-pectineal, a ridge on the upper surface of the pubic bone. E., Nasal, the prominence above the root of the nose between the superciliary ridges. E., Occipital, the ridge in the paracele (lateral ventricle) corresponding to the occipital fissure; distinct in the fetus, it is com- monly obliterated in the adult; also called bulbus cornu posterioris. E., Parietal, the eminence of the parietal bone. Eminential (em-in-en/-shal) [eminentia, an eminence]. Relating to an eminence. - Emissarium (em-is-a/-re-um) [L.]. A term for any canal or channel conveying a fluid outward. It is applied especially to the veins of the skull. Emission (e-mish/-um) [emittere, to send forth]. An ejaculation, or sending forth. - Emmena (em-e/-nah) [Šupuma, menses]. Menses, 7.2. Emmenagogue (em-em/-ag-og) [Šupuma, the menses; &yoyág, leading]. A medicine that stimulates the menstrual flow. E., Direct, one acting directly on the generative organs. E., Indirect, one acting only through other functions and indirectly. EMMENIA . 421 Emmenia (em-e'-ne-ah) [L.]. The menses. Emmeniopathy (em-en-e-op/-a-the) [Épplma, menses; tráffog, illness]. Any disorder of menstruation. Emmenology (em-en-o/-o-je) [Šupuma, menses; %yoç, science]. That branch of science that treats of men- struation. - Emmenorrhea (em-en-or-e'-ah) [šupuma, menses; bota, a flowing]. The menses. Emmerich, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Table of Emmert’s Suture. See Suture. Emmet's Method. See 77-eatment, Methods of E. Operation. See Trachelorrhaphy, and Operations, Table of Emmetrope (em/-et-róp) [év, in ; uérpov, measure; Öip, eye]. A person whose eyes are emmetropic. Emmetropia (em-et-ro/-pe-ah) [év, in; uérpov, measure; Öip, the eye]. Normal or perfect vision. The con- dition of an eye whose shape and refractive media are such that, with suspended accommodation, parallel rays of light are brought to a focus upon the retina. For practical tests, rays of light from a point 20 feet away are considered as parallel. Emmetropic (em-et-roft/-ä) [šv, in ; uétpov, measure; Öip, eye]. Characterized by emmetropia. Emodiñúmºn)|[Hind, emº, nºtarbl, C.H., Os. A glucosid that occurs with chrysophanic acid in the bark of wild cherry, in cascara Sagrada, and in the root of rhubarb. It consists of orange-red crystals, melting at 245-250° C. - Emollient º: -yent) [emollire, to soften]. I. Soft- ening; relaxing and soothing. 2. A substance used by external application to soften the skin; or, inter- nally, to sooth an irritated or inflamed surface. E. Cataplasm. Same as Species emollientes, Emoptoč (em-op/-to-e). See Hemoptysis. Emotion (e-mo/-shun) [emotio, agitation]. Mental feeling, or sentiment, with the associated agitation, and often with more or less bodily commotion. the emotions, desire, impulse, and will are intimately associated. Emotional (e-mo/-shum-al) [emovere, to move out]. Pertaining to the mental condition of feeling. E. Insanity, insanity characterized by exaggeration and exaltation of feelings. Empansement (on(g)-pon(g)s'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. A dis- ease of sheep marked by abdominal swelling. Empathema (em-path-e'-mah) [šv, in ; tāffmua, suffer- ing: pl., Empathemata]. A dominant or ungovern- able passion or source of suffering. E. atonicum, hypochondriasis. E. entonicum, active mania. E. inane, harebrained and purposeless passion and excitement. Emphlysis (em/ºffis-is) [šv, in, on ; pâûotc, eruption : pl., Emphlyses]. Any vesicular or exanthematous eruption. Emphractic (em-frać/-tić) [šuppárretv, to obstruct]. I. Obstructive ; closing the pores of the skin. 2. Any agent that obstructs the function of an organ, especially the excretory function of the skin. Emphraxis (em-fražs/-is) [šuppašac, obstruction]. Obstruction ; infarction ; congestion. - Emphyma (em-fi/-mah) [šv, in ; pipia, growth: pl., Amphymata]. A tumor. Emphysema (em-fiz-e'-mah) [šuºvo&etv, to inflate]. The abnormal collection of air in the connective tissue of a part, causing swelling and crepitation, E., Cuta- neous, that occurring in the connective tissues beneath the skin, usually of the face. E., Gangren- ous. See Edema, Malignant. E., Interlobular, a form of emphysema following the course of the inter- lobular septa. This condition is due to traumatism, as after tracheotomy, or in direct injury to the lungs. With EMPYEMA E., Pulmonary, a chronic condition of the lungs in which there is a dilatation of the alveoli with destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in a loss of the normal elasticity of the lung-tissue. This is associated with more or less marked dyspnea, with hacking cough, and defective aération of the blood, giving rise to a certain degree of cyanosis. The chest becomes full and round —“ barrel-shaped” —and a line of distended veins may often be seen surrounding the body at the lower margin of the ribs, constituting the so-called “emphy- sematous girdle.” There is a hyper-resonant note over the chest, with feeble inspiratory sound and num- erous rales of all kinds. Hypertrophy and dilatation of the right heart are frequent complications. The margins of the lungs are often the seat of large bullae due to extensive destruction of the alveolar tissue. The most frequent causes of emphysema are whooping- cough and chronic lung-affections attended with severe coughing-spells. E., Surgical. See Aéroder- mectasia. Emphysematous (em-ſiz-em/-at-us) [šuºvo detv, to in- flate]. Affected with or of the nature of emphysema. E. Girdle. See Amphysema. Emphytriatreusis (em-fit-re-at-ru/-sis) [šuºvroſ, in- nate; tārpevolç, treatment]. The treatment of dis- ease by an untrained person, whether clairvoyant, medium, trance-doctor, telepathist, mesmerist, or seventh son of a seventh son. w Empiric (em-pir/-i}) [éutepukóg, experiential, practi- call. One practising medicine without philosophic or scientific principles, simply from the results of his own experience, or that of others. As commonly used it is nearly synonymous with quack. Empiricism (em-pir/-is-izm) [šutetplkóç, experimental, practical]. I. Dependence upon experience or obser- vation. 2. Quackery. Empiricist (em-pir/-is-ist) [.æuTeiptkóc, experimental, practical]. One who depends upon experience in the treatment of disease. Emplastrum (em-plas/-trum) [éutääooeuv, to plaster up : pl., Emplastra]. A plaster. In pharmacy, a cohesive, tenacious substance, insoluble in water, used as an excipient and containing a prescribed medicinal substance intended to be spread in a thin layer upon chamois, kid, or muslin. The excipient is usually lead oleate or Burgundy pitch. (See Lead and Pix.) There are 13 official emplastra. E. califaciens. See Cantharis. Empresiomania (em-pre-se-o-ma/-ne-ah) [šutpmotº, conflagration; unvia, mania]. Pyromania; insane desire to burn houses or other articles; maniacal in- cendiarism. Empresmomania (em-pres-mo-ma/-ne-ah) [éuTpmoptóg, a burning; plavia, madness]. Same as AEmpresio- 7/2(???? (2. Empresmus (em-presſ-mus) [šuTpmogóg, a burning]. Inflammation ; phlogosis. Emprosthotonia (emi-pros-thot-o'-ne-ah). Emprosthotonos. Emprosthotonos (emi-pros-thof/-o-mus) [šutſpooffev, for- ward; Tóvog, tension]. Tonic muscular spasm that bends the upper and lower parts of the body for- ward; it is one of the symptoms in some cases of tetanus, etc. Emptysis (emp’-tis-is) [šuttàelm, to spit upon]. Hem- orrhage from the lungs; hemoptysis. Empyema (emi-fi-e'-mah ) [év, in ; triov, pus]. Pus in the pleural cavity or in the chest. It may be primary, which is rare, or secondary. There is associated a hectic type of fever, with chills and sweating. If not treated it will rupture spontaneously through the lung or chest-wall. Empyema is most frequently encoun- Same as EMPYEMATOUS tered in children, but may occur from pleurisy, tuber- culosis, septic conditions, and infectious fevers in any individual. E. necessitatis, an empyema in which the pus burrows between the interscostal spaces and appears as a subcutaneous tumor. E., Pulsating, empyema attended with pulsation of the chest-wall. Empyematous (em-pî-em/-aſ-us) [év, in ; Tüov, pus]. Of the nature of or affected with empyema. Empyemic (em-pi-em/-ić). See Empyematous. Empyesis (em-pi-e'-sis) [éutvéelv, to suppurate]. A pustular eruption, as Smallpox ; any disease charac- terized by phlegmonous pimples gradually filling with purulent fluid. Empyocele (em-pi/-o-sel) [ćv, in ; Tüov, pus; Khºm, tumor]. A purulent scrotal tumor. Empyomphalus (em-pî-om/-fal-us) [šv, in ; Tüov, pus; Öupažóg, mavel]. A collection of pus at or about the navel. Empyreumatic (emi-pî-ru-mat/-ić) [šutüpevua, a live coal; ŠuTvpog, on fire]. Obtained from some organic substance by the aid of strong heat; as an empyreu- matic oil. Emulgent (e-muſ'-jent) [emulgere, to milk out]. I. Draining; applied to the renal arteries as draining out the urine. 2. An emulgent vessel. 3. Any remedy that stimulates the emunctory organs. E. Veins. See Weiſz. Emulsin (e-muſ'-sin) [emulgere, to milk out], Io (Co- His N,0s) + S (Bull). A ferment contained in bit- ter almonds. It is also called Synaptase. Its union with amygdalin forms hydrocyanic acid. See Amyg- a'a/i/z. Emulsio (e-mul/-se-o) [L. : pl., Emulsiones]. See Amulsion. Emulsion (e-mul/-shun) [emulsio, emulsion]. Water or other liquid in which oil, in minute subdivision of its particles, is suspended. The U. S. P. and N. F. together contain formulae of some I9 emulsiones. Emulsionize (e-mul/-shun-72) [emulgere, to milk out]. To transform into an emulsion. The pancreatic juice emulsionizes fats. Emulsive (e-muſ'-siv) [emulgere, to milk out]. ing or readily entering into an emulsion. Emunctory (e-munk/-tor-e) (emungere, to blow the nose, to wipe out]. I. Excretory; excreting or re- moving effete matters and waste-products. 2. Any organ or part that has an excretory or purifying func- tion, as the liver, kidneys, bowel, skin, or lungs. Emydin (em/-īd-in) [éuic, the fresh-water tortoise]. A white proteid substance procured from the yolk of the eggs of turtles. Enamel (en-am/-el) [ME., enamaile, enamel]. I. The vitreous substance of the crown of the teeth. See Teeth. 2. A vitreous substance used for painting on porcelain, glass, and for covering metals with various kinds of ornamental work. It is composed of color- ing matters which consist of metallic oxids, fluxes of vitrifiable substances, as Silicates, borates, or boro-sili- cates. See A-orce/ain Teeth. E.-blue. See Smea/#s. E.-cell. See Ameloblast. E.-chisel, a dental instru- ment shaped like a chisel, with a straight or oblique edge, and used for cutting away the enamel and den- tine of the teeth. E.-column, E.-fiber, E.-prism, E.-rod, any one of the minute six-sided prisms of which the enamel of a tooth is composed. E.-cuticle. See Cuticula dentis. E.-germ, an Ameloblast, 7. v. Enanthema (en-an-the-mah) [Év, in ; Śvēmua, bloom, eruption: pl. , Enanthemata]. An eruption within the body, in distinction from Æxanthema. Enanthematous (en-an-them/-at-us) [šv, in ; &vömſua, bloom, eruption]. Of the nature of or accompanied by an enanthema. Form- 422 ENCEPHALOMALACIA Enanthesis (en-an/-the-sis) [šv, in ; &v6eiv, to bloom]. I. An eruption of the skin, not connected with an internal disease. 2. An exanthematous rash. Enanthylic Acid (en-an-thiſ/-īk). See Acid. Enantioblastous (e-man-te-o-blas/-tus) [évavriog, oppo- site; 3Waotóg, germ]. In biology, applied to the embryo of orthotropous seeds when placed at the end opposite the hilum. Enantiomorphous (en-an-te-o-morºſus)[švavTiog, oppo- site; uoppſ, form]. Similar but contrasted or reversed in form. Thus the two hands are emantiomorphous. Enarthrodia (en-ar-thro’-de-ah). See Anarthrosis. Enarthrodial (en-ar-thro’-de-al) [šv, in ; diptpov, a joint]. Having the character of an enarthrosis. Enarthrosis (en-ar-thro/-sis) [ćv, in ; apôpov, joint]. A ball-and-socket joint, like that of the hip; a variety of diarthrosis. See /Xiarthrosis. Enation (e-ma/-shun) [enasci, to be born). In biology, having outgrowths resulting from excessive develop- ment. In ethnology, maternal relationship. Encanthis (en-kan'-this) [év, in ; , Káv6oç, canthus]. A reddish-colored morbid growth in the inner canthus of the eye. Encapsulation (en-Åap-su-la/-shun) [en, in ; capsula, a capsule]. Fixation as in a capsule; the absorption of a bacillus in a giant-cell ; the enclosure of a for- eign body in a tough sheath. Enceinte (on(g)-sant') [Fr., incincta, girdled]. child; pregnant. Encephal ...” /-al). Same as AEncephalom, g. v. Encephalalgia (en-seſ-al-al/-je-ah) [Éyképahog, the brain; &Ayoc, pain]. Pain in the head. Encephalatrophic (en-seſ-al-at-róſ/-īk) [ćyképažoc, brain; ātpopia, wasting]. Relating to brain-atrophy. Encephalic (en-seſ-a/-ä) [Éyképañoc, the brain]. Per- taining to the encephalon. Encephalin (en-sef’-al-in) [Éyképahog, the brain]. A nitrogenous glucosid extracted from brain-tissue. Encephalion (en-seſ-a/-le-on) [dim. of Šyképažoc, the brain]. The cerebellum. Encephalitic (en-seſ-a/-ät/-ić) [šykéjažog, the brain; trug, inflammation]. Relating to or affected with en- cephalitis. Encephalitis (en-seſ-al-i/-tis) [šykéjaž0c, brain; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the encephalon; brain-fever. Encephalocele (en-sef/-al-o-sel) [šyképañog, brain; kft2n, tumor]. A hernia of the brain through a cranial fissure. + Encephalocoele (en-sef’-al-o-sel) [eykégaWoç, brain; kotăţa, hollow]. A ventricle of the brain. Encephalodialysis (en-seſ-al-o-di-a/-is-is) [ćykégaWoc, brain; 6táWvouc, dissolution]. Softening of the brain. Encephalodynia (en-seſ-al-o-dim/-e-ah) [Éyképañog, brain; 66üvm, pain]. Same as Encephalalgia. Encephaloid (en-sef’-al-oid) [ćyképañog, brain; elóoc, like]. I. Resembling brain-tissue. 2. Soft carci- noma. See Carcinoma. Encephalolith (en-sef’-al-o-lith) [ćykéjažoç, brain; Affog, stone]. A calculus of the brain; a brain-stone. Encephalolithiasis (en-seſ-al-o-lith-i/-as-is) [Éykéjažoc, brain; Auffíagic, the formation of calculi). The form- ation of brain-stones. Encephalology (en-seſ-al-o/-o-je), [&yképahog, brain; Żóyoc, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and path ology of the brain. - Encephaloma (en-seſ-al-o'-mah)[Éykéjaž0c, brain; jua, tumor; pl., AEncephalomata]. I. Tumor of the brain; hernia cerebri. 2. Encephaloid carcinoma. Encephalomalacia (en-seſ-al-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [ćykéða- Žog, brain; uažakia, softening]. Softening of the brain-substance. With ENCEPHALOMERE Encephalomere (en-sef’-al-o-mer) [Éyképañog, brain; Alèpoc, share]. Any one of the succession of natural ºnent of axial parts into which the brain is divis- IDIC. Encephalometer (en-seſ-a/-om/-et-er) [Éyképaños, brain; AuéTPov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the cranium and locating certain brain-regions. Encephalo-myelopathy (en-sey’-al-o-mi-el-op/-ath-e) [Éyképaž0c, brain; uve?6c, marrow; Tráffog, disease]. Any disease that is both an encephalopathy and a my- elopathy; any cerebro-spinal disease. Encephalon (en-sef’-a/-on) [šv, in; kepañff, the head]. The contents of the cranium. The brain. Encephalonarcosis (en-seſ-al-o-mar-ko/-sis) [ćyképañog, brain; vapkóetv, to benumb]. Stupor from some brain-lesion. Encephaloncus (en-seſ-al-ong/-kus) [ćyképañog, brain; öykoç, a tumor]. See Encephalophyma. Tèncephalopathy (en-seſ-al-op/-ath-e) [#ykéjažog, brain; tráffoç, disease]. Any disease of the brain. Encephalophyma (en-seſ-al-o-ft/-mah ) [äyképañog, brain ; pipia, a growth.J. A. tumor of the brain. Encephalorrhagia (en-seſ-aſ-or-a/-je-a/) [Éyképañog, brain; 67/vival,to break forth]. Cerebral hemorrhage. Encephalotome (en-sef’-al-o-tom) [Éyképañog, brain; Touff, section]. An instrument for slicing the enceph- alon for examination or preservation. Encephalotomy (en-seſ-al-of/-o-me) [Éyképañog, brain; Topiń, section]. I. The anatomy or dissection of the brain ; Surgical incision of the brain. 2. Obstetric craniotomy. - Enchondroma (en-Åon-dro’-mah) [Év, in ; x6vópoc, car- tilage; 6/ſa, tumor; pl., Enchondromata]. I. A tu- mor arising from or resembling cartilage in texture, etc.; chondroma. 2. A cartilaginous growth within an organ or tissue. Enchondrosis (en-Åon-dro/-sis) [81, within ; zóvápoc, cartilage; pl., Enchondroses]. An outgrowth of cart- ilage from an osseous or cartilaginous structure ; the process by which an enchondroma is developed. Enchylema (en-ki-le/-mah) [év, in ; zväóg, juice]. In biology, the basal substance of a cell-nucleus (Kern- Saft); it is a hyaline, fluid, granular substance, con- taining the other nuclear elements. Enchymatous (en-Aim/-at-gas) [šv, in ; xeiv, to pour]. In biology, applied to cells that are distended by in- fusion, as glandular epithelia. Enclave (en-Ålav/, on(g)-klahv/)[Fr.]. Any substance enclosed within a foreign tissue, as an oil-globule in a cell; any exclave (7. v.) considered in relation to the part that surrounds it. - Enclavement (on(g)-Ålahv'-mon(g))[Fr.]. Retention due to a constriction; impaction, as of the head in the pelvic strait. Enclitic (en-klit"-ik) [Åykåttukóc, leaning on]. synclitic. En Clou (on(g)-Åloo/) [Fr.]. See Culture. Encoleosis (en-ko-leſ-o-sis) [Év, in ; kóżeoc, sheath]. Invagination. Encolpitis (en-Åol-pi/-tis) [Év, in ; kóżtoc, vagina]. Mucous vaginitis. Encraty (en/-krat-e) [äykpáreta, mastery]. Self-control; continence or strict temperance. Encyclic, Encyclical (en-sik/-lä, en-sik/-lä-al)[äv, in; kökhog, a circle]. In biology, applied to flowers having the organs arranged with an equal number of parts, in alternate whorls; isomerous. Encysted (en-sist/-ed) [év, in; küotic, a bag]. Enclosed in a cyst, or capsule. Aneurysms, herniae, or tumors may become encysted. Encystment (en-sist/-ment) [év, in ; Küoric, a bag). The process of becoming encysted. Not 423 ENDEXOTERIC End [ME., ende]. The terminal point of a thing. E.- bud, or E.-bulb, the terminal bulb of a nerve in the skin. E.-bulb of Krause. See Corpuscle. E.-plate, the expanded terminal of a motor nerve upon a bundle of muscular fibers. E.-organ, the general name for the terminal organ or part of a sensory nerve-fiber, of whatever kind. Endangeitis (end-am-je-i/-tis) [švöov, within ; ayyelov, vessel; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the en- dangium. Endangium, or Endangeion (end-an/-je-um, -on) [évôov, within ; dyyelov, vesselj. The intima or in- most coat of a blood-vessel. See /ntimza. Endanthem (end-an/-/hem) [Évêov, within ; &vbeiv, to bloom]. A term applied to a mucous exanthem. Endarteritis (end-ar-ter-i/-tis) [Évêov, within; &primpia, artery; trac, inflammation]. Inflammation of the intima, or innermost coat of an artery. The acute form is rare, and only occurs in the aorta and the larger arteries. Ulceration is very rarely present. The chronic form, also named Atheroma, and Arteritis deformans, is a peculiar change or degeneration occur- ring in the arterial coats of the aged, and is preceded by a fatty degeneration of the tissues of the arteries. Syphilis is supposed to play an important part in the production of this condition. The immediate cause, however, is mechanical irritation due to the force of the circulation. The fatty débris and the cholesterin that are formed during the degenerative process accumulate in spaces beneath the intima and constitute the so- called atheromatous abscesses. The so-called athero- matous zelcer is formed by one of these abscesses break- ing through the intima. The sequelae of azhcromatozas degeneration are very grave. Aneurysm, thrombosis, embolism, and apoplexy frequently result, and hence, the ultimate prognosis is bad. Arterio-capillary Fibrosis, or Arterio-sclerosis, is a peculiar change occurring in the small vessels throughout the body, and consisting in a thickening of the adventitia and intima by a deposit of a hyaline-fibroid material which diminishes the caliber of the vessels, increases the arterial tension, and thus gives rise to the hyper- trophy of the heart that is present in this condition. Endeictic (en-dić/-tä) [šv, in ; detkvival, to show]. Symptomatic ; serving as an indication. Endeixis (en-diks/-is) [švöetêtſ, a pointing out]. A symptom, sign, or indication. Endemann and Prochazka’s Test. See Tests. Endemic ... -ik) [Év, in ; 67/10¢, a people]. A term applied to diseases that exist among small num- bers of persons or within a limited area. An endemic disease may or may not become epidemic; it is in general due to some local cause. E. Colic. See Colic. Endemicity, or Endemism (en-dem-is/-īt-e, or en’-dem- izmi) [év in ; 67/10¢, a people]. The quality of being endemic. Endemiology (en-dem-e-o/-o-je) [šv, in ; diffuoc, a peo- ple; Aóyog, science]. The science of endemic diseases. Endepidermis (end-eft-e-der/-mis) [švdog within ; Ští, upon; 68pua, the skin]. The inner layer of the epi- dermis. Endermatic (en-der-mat/-ić) [év, in ; 6épua, the skin]. Within the skin. Pertaining to a method of adminis- tering medicines through the skin, by rubbing, etc. Endermic (en-der/-mić). Same as Endermatic, Enderon (en/-der-on) [Év, in ; Jépoc, skin]... The true skin or derm, together with the non-epithelial portion of the mucous membrane. Enderonic (en-der-on/-ié) [Év, in ; 6époc, skin]. Per- taining to or of the nature of the enderon. Endexoteric (en-deks-o-ter/-ić)[évôov, within; &#otepakóg, outer]. Due both to internal and external causes. ENDO- 424 Endo- (endº-o-) [évôov, within]. within. Endo-arteritis (en-do-ar-ter-i'-tis). See Andarteritis. Endo-auscultation (en-do-aws-Aul-ta/-shun) [švöov, within; ausculiare, to listen to]. A method of auscultation devised by Bianchi by using the ordinary esophageal tube passed into the stomach, to auscult the gullet and stomach, and through them, to a certain degree, the heart and lungs. Endoblast ...'...} [évôov, within; 3%aoróg, a germ]. The cell-nucleus, or cytoblast. See Hypo- blast. - Endoblastic (en-do-blas/-tié) [švöov, within; 6%aoróg, a germ]. Relating to the endoblast. Endocardiac, Endocardial (en-do-Aar/-de-ak, en-do- Aar/-de-al) [švöov, within; kapóia, the heart]. Re- lating to the endocardium; situated within the heart. Endocarditic (en-do-kar-dit/-īk) [švöov, within ; Kapóía, the heart]. Pertaining to or affected with endocar- ditis. Endocarditis (en-do-Kar-di/-tis) [švöov, within; kapóta, the heart; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the endocardium or lining membrane of the heart. Acute rheumatism is the most frequent cause, though pneu- monia, gout, or any infectious disease may precede. The valves are nearly always the parts affected, and usually those of the left heart. The disease is prone to terminate fatally or result in permanent injury to the valves. Fibrinous deposits or vegetations project into the cavity of the heart; the thickened endocar- dium is liable to become atheromatous, with chronic ulceration. Acute endocarditis may be divided into simple and malignant. Chronic endocarditis includes chronic disease of the valves of the heart. There is a fibrous or cirrhotic thickening of the latter, associated with contraction and calcification. Usually this chronic disease, like the acute, is confined to the left heart, and it is generally rheumatic in origin. E., Malignant or Ulcerative. Also called diphtheric infectious, and sep/ic endocarditis. A rapidly fatal type due to septic infection. It is marked by high fever, chills, and profound prostration. This is followed by the development of a murmur, purpuric skin-eruptions, hematuria, delirium, convulsions, hemiplegia, enlarge- ment of the spleen, the typhoid state, and death. Frequently no cause can be found. Ulcerations are found around and in the valves, and in these ulcers micro-organisms are present in large quantities. E. polyposa, a form of ulcerative endocarditis in which there is an excessive deposit of fibrin, producing poly- poid masses. E. pustulosa, a form of ulcerative en- docarditis in which minute abscesses occur in the substance of the valves. E., Simple, the ordinary variety of acute endocarditis, usually associated with a mitral systolic murmur. E., Chronic, associated with valvular lesions. The following forms are met with : I. Aortic Zncompetence; 2. Aortic Stenosis or Obstruc- tion ; 3. Mitra/ Incompetence ; 4. Mitral Stenosis, 5. Aulmonary ſncompetence; 6. Pulmonary Stenosis or Obstruction ; 7. Tricuspid Incompetence; 8. Tri- cuspid Stenosis ; 9. Combined valvular disease. Aortic Incompetence is produced by a retraction of the edges of the valves, which have become rigid and thickened ; as a result the aorta is not shut off from the left ventricle during the diastole, and there is a leaking backward of blood into that cavity. A diastolic murmur is thus produced. This is frequently associ- ated with a marked degree of arterio-sclerosis. Sud- den death occurs in aortic incompetence more frequently than in any other valvular affection. The pulse is the so-called Corrigan or water-hammer pulse. Aortic Stenosis or Obstruction is due to thickening A prefix, meaning ENDOCHORION and curling, with calcification of the valves. This usually occurs in the aged. A systolic murmur is produced, accompanied in the late stages of the disease by a tendency to syncope, giddiness, and anemia. The pulse is slow and small, but regular. Mitral Incom- petence, the most frequent of all valvular lesions, is due to curling of the valve-cusps or to shortening of the chordae tendineae. There is usually produced an immense hypertrophy of the walls of the ventricles. Late in the disease compensation fails and general edema ensues. Dyspnea is a frequent symptom, associated with cyanosis and albuminuria. The mur- mur is systolic in time; the pulse is normal during the stage of compensation, afterward Small and irregular. This is a common form among children. Mitral Stenosis, due to fibrous thickening and contraction of the mitral cusps. The opening may be reduced to a mere fissure. If due to a thickening and shortening of the chordae tendineae the thickened and adherent valves are drawn in a funnel-shape toward the floor of the ventricle. Mitral stenosis usually occurs in women. A presystolic murmur is produced, associ- ated with duplication of the second sound. Pul- monary Incompetence, the rarest of valvular diseases, may be due to congenital abnormalities, or may follow some diseased condition, as malignant endocarditis. The murmur is diastolic in time. Pul- monary Stenosis or Obstruction, usually congenital, is due to fetal heart-disease. The patients usually die before they are ten or twelve years old. A systolic mur- mur is produced. Tricuspid Incompetence is due to endocarditis or to dilatation of the right ventricle and tricuspid orifice. Compensation is never adequate, and hence venous stasis, cyanosis, and dropsy Soon follow. A systolic murmur is produced. Tricuspid Sten- osis is a rare condition and usually secondary to mitral stenosis. It is marked by a presystolic murmur. Com- bined Valvular Disease; frequently two of the fore- going murmurs may coéxist. The most usual combi- nations are as follows: I. Aortic obstruction and regurgitation; 2. Mitral obstruction and regurgitation; 3. Mitral obstruction and tricuspid regurgitation; 4. Aortic obstruction and mitral regurgitation; 5. Double valvular disease at aortic and mitral orifices (four murmurs). E. ulcerosa, the ulcerative form of endocarditis. E. verrucosa, a form of endocarditis characterized by the production of endocardial vegeta- tions situated mostly upon the curtains of the cardiac valves. It is seen usually upon the left side of the heart. Endocardium (en-do-kar'-de-um) [.ævöov, within ; Kapòia, the heart]. The colorless, transparent mem- brane lining the interior of the heart. Endocarp (em/-do-Aarp) [évôov, within; kaprág, fruit]. In biology, the inner hard and stony membranous or fleshy layer of a pericarp; e.g., the stone of a peach. Endocarpoid (en-do-kar'-poid). In biology, applied to lichens that have the apothecia immersed in the thallus. Endocelarium (en-do-se-la/-re-um) [ Švöov, within ; kothia, the belly]. In biology, the visceral epithelium of the body-cavity. Endocervical (en-do-ser/-vić-al) [švöov, within; cervix, neck]. Relating to the inside of the uterine cervix. Endocervicitis (en-do-ser-vis-à'-tis) [&vöov, within; cervix, neck; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation within the canal of the cervix uteri. Endochondral (en-do-kom/-dral) [&vöov, within; Żóvópog, cartilage]. Situated or occurring within a cartilage. Endochorion (en-do-ko/-re-on) [ćvóov, within ; xóptov, the chorion]. The inner chorion; the vascular layer of the allantois. ENDOCHORIONIC Endochorionic (en-do-Ao-re-on/-i}) [évôov, within; Żóptov, the chorion]. Relating to the endochorion. Endochrome (en/-do-Arām) [évôov, within; [xpóſia, color]. In biology, the coloring-matter, other than green, of the endoplasm of a cell, or that of diatoms or of flowers. Endochylema (en-do-ki/-lem-ah) [švöov, within; Yū%0g, juice]. In biology, the semi-fluid substance filling the protoplasmic reticulum of a cell. Endochyme (en/-do-Aim) [évôov, within; Avuòg, juice]. In biology, the formative cell-sap elaborated from the chyme. Endoclinal (en-do-Ali'-mal) [.ævöov, within ; Kätvetv, to lean]. In biology, having the clinode, an organ analogous to the hymenium, inclosed in a conceptacle. Endocolpitis (en-do-Ao/-pi/-tis) [švöov, within ; kó%Tog, vagina]. Same as Encolpitis. Endocone (en/-do-Aon) [švöov, within ; kóvog, cone]. • In biology, one of the internal cones formed by the siphon-sheaths in certain cephalopods. Endocranitis (en-do-Ara-ni/-tis) [Évêov, within; Kpavíov, the skull; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the endocranium; pachymeningitis externa. Endocranium (en-do-Ara/-me-um) [ävóov, within; Kpavíov, the skull]. That part of the cerebral dura that adheres to the inner surface of the cranial bones. One of the processes projecting into the cephalic cav- ity, as the tentorium or cephalophragma. Endocyemate (en-do-si/-em-āt) [švöov, within; kimua, an embryol. In embryology, applied to that form of development in which the embryo is invaginated in a fold of the blastodermic membrane, an amnion being formed; the opposite of Æðicyemate. Endocyesis (en-do-si-e'-sis) [švöov, within; kveiv, to conceive : pl. , Ændocyeses]. In biology, the process that gives rise to an endocyemate embryo. Endocyma (en-do-si/-mah) [évôov, within; Kipia, a fe- tus]. A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is contained within the body of the autosite. Endocyst (en/-do-sist) [Évêov, within; küotag, bladder]. In biology, the endoderm or inner layer of the cenecium or common dermal system of a colony of Polyzoa. See Ectocyst. Endoderm (en/-do-derm) [évôov, within; 68pua, skin]. In biology, the simple nutritive cell-layer lining the cavity of the primitive intestine, the enteron, and its modifications or derivatives. The vegetative germi- nal layer. See Blastoderm. Endodermis (en-do-der/-mis) [švöov, within ; 6épua, skin]. In biology, the layer of cells surrounding a fibro-vascular cylinder. - Endodontitis (en-do-don-fi/-tis) [Évêov, within ; 6600c, a tooth; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lining membrane of a tooth. Endogastritis (en-do-gas-tri/-täs) [Évêov, within; yaothp, stomach; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Endogen (en/-do-jen) [ćvöov, within; yewvāv, to pro- duce]. A plant, the growth of which is by means of new matter deposited in the interior of the trunk or branch. A member of one of the great primary classes of flowering-plants; a monocotyledon. See Axogen. Endogenous (en-doj/-em-us) [švöov, within; Yéung, pro- ducing]. In biology, applied to the stems of mono- cotyledons and their manner of growth; also to spore- formation or cell-formation inside of a parent-cell. Endognathal (en-dog’-na-thal) [Évêov, within; yuá60ſ, jaw]. In biology, applied to the pulpiform appenda- ges formed by the modification of the three terminal joints of the third thoracic limb in certain crustace- a ſlS. 425 ENDONEURIAL Endognathion (end-og-na/-the-on) [Évêov, within; yuá- flog, jaw]. The middle portion of the superior maxilla. Endogonium (en-do-go/-me-um) [évôov, within; yóvoc, seed]. In biology, a gonidium formed inside of a re- ceptacle or parent-cell, as in the Saprolegnieae, Muco- rini, Vaucheria. Endo-laryngeal (en-do-lar-in/-je-a/) [évôov, within; Wápvyč, the larynx]. Within the larynx. E. Opera- tions, operations performed within the larynx. Endolemma (en-do-'em/-ah) [švöov, within ; Aéuſua, husk]. Same as Meurilemma. Endolymph (en/-do-limf) [évôov, within ; lympha, water]. The fluid of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. Endolymphangeal (en-do-lim-fam/je-a/) [ævčov, with- in ; lympha, lymph; áyyelov, vessel). Situated or belonging within a lymph-vessel; as an endolym- phangeal nodule. Endolymphic (en-do-lim/ºftA) [švöov, within; lympha, lymph]. Relating to or of the nature of endo- lymph. Endomersion (en-do-mer’-shum). See Objective. Endomesoderm (en-do-me/-so-derm) [évôov, within; puéoog, middle; dépua, Skin]. In biology, applied to two cells that appear on the side of the blastopore in the embryos of molluscs and annelids, giving rise by di- vision to the two primitive mesoderm cells, and to a portion of the lining of the mesenteron. Endometrial (en-do-meſ-tre-a/) [šv6ov, within; uſirpa, the womb). Pertaining to the endometrium; situ- ated within the uterus. Endometritis (en-do-me-tri/-ſis) [Évêov, within ; uſirpa, the womb; attº, inflammation]. Inflammation of the en- dometrium. E., Cervical, of the cervical portion. It gives rise to the condition known as erosion, ulceration, or granular degeneration of the cervix, a very frequent condition. There is leukorrhea, pain in the back, and congestion of the cervix and pelvic viscera, with metror- rhagia or menorrhagia, or both, together with some failure of the general health. This condition is due to traumatism, usually in parturition. E., Chronic Purulent, occurs in old women and is marked by an accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity with a pur- ulent leukorrhea. E., Corporeal, that of the body of the uterus. E., Decidual, of the decidual mem- brane of the impregnated uterus. It may be diffuse (thickening and development of connective tissue) or polypoid (with polypoid growths). E., Fungous, that in which the lining membrane is hypertrophied, with the formation of vascular granulations. This is also called hemorrhagic endometritis. E., Hemor- rhagic. See E., Fungous. Endometrium (en-do-me/-fre-um) [évôov, within; uſirpa uterus]. The lining membrane of the uterus. Endometry (en-dom/-et-re) [évôov, within ; uérpov, measure]. The measurement of the interior of an organ or cavity, as of the cranium. Endomyocarditis (en-do-wri-o-Kar-di’-ſis) [švöov, with- in ; uiſc, muscle; Kapóta, heart; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both endocardium and myocardium. Endomysial (en-do-miz'-e-a/) [évôov, within ; ſuiç, mus- cle]. Pertaining to or of the nature of endomysium. Endomysium (en-do-mic/-e-um) [švčov, within ; ui, muscle]. The extension of the perimysium between the muscular fibers. Endonephritis (en-do-mefri’-tis) [Évêov, within ; vegpög, kidney; trug, inflammation]. Synonym of Pyelitis. Endoneural (en-do-mu’-ra/) [švöov, within ; veipov, nerve]. Relating to or situated within the interior of a nerve. Endoneurial (en-do-mu’-re-a/) [švöov, within ; veipol', a nerve]. Relating to the endoneurium. ENDONEURIUM Endoneurium (en-d'o-nu/-re-um) [évôov, within; veipov, a nerve]. The connective-tissue sheath uniting the fibers of a fasciculus (or funiculus) of a nerve. Endoparasite (en-do-par/-as-it) [švöov, within ; trapá- Ottoſ, parasite]. An entozoan or internal parasite; one living within its host. Endoparasitic (en-do-par-as-it/-ä) [švöop, within; trapá- atTog, a parasite]. Of the nature of an endoparasite. Endopatagium (en-do-pat-a/-je-um) [ćvöov, within ; Tatayelov, the border of a woman's gown]. . In biology, that part of the wing-membrane of a bat lying between the body, the humerus, the lower ex- tremity, and a hypothetic line drawn downward from the elbow and intersecting the free margin of the membrane. (Allen.) Endopathic (en-do-pat/-ić) [Évêov, within; tróðog, dis- ease]. Pertaining to the origin of disease from condi- tions or causes not derived from without. See Bºxo- pathic. - Endopericarditis (en-do-per-iſſ-ar-di/-tis)[švdov, within ; Tepi, around; Kapóta, the heart; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both endocardium and pericardium. Endoperimyocarditis (en-do-per-e-mi-o-A, a 7-d' i'-' is) [évôov, within ; trept, around ; pig, muscle; Kapóta, heart; attº, inflammation]. Inflammation of endocar- dium, pericardium, and myocardium. Endoperineuritis (en-do-per-e-nu-ri/-täs) [Évêov, within; Tepi, around ; veipov, a nerve ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both endoneurium and perineurium. Endophlebitis (en-doyle-bi/-tis) [švöov, within; 42.Éip, vein; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the inner coat of a vein or veins. Endophleum (en-doyle/-um) [évôov, within ; p?otóg, bark]. In biology, the liber, or inner bark; bast. Endophragm (en/-do-fram) [évôov, within ; ºpáyua, a partition]. In biology, a partition formed by the chitinous plates projecting inward from the lateral wall of the somites of a crustacean. Endophyllous (en-do:/i/-us) [švöov, within ; pú%20v, leaf J. In biology, enclosed within a sheath, as the young leaves of monocotyledons. Endophyte (em/-do-fit) [Évêov, within ; ºvróv, a plant]. Same as AEnzophyte. Endophytous (en-dof'-it-us) [évôov, within ; ºvróv, a plant]. In biology, applied to the larvae of certain insects that bore into the stems and roots of plants. Endoplasm (en/-do-plazm) [évôov, within ; tāāopia, a thing formed]. In biology, the inner granular pro- toplasm of a protozoan or of a histologic cell. Endoplast (en/-do-plast) [Évêov, within ; tāaoróg, formed]. In biology, the nuclear body of a proto- zoan ; the homologue of the nucleus of a histologic cell. (Huxley.) Endoplastule (en-do-plas/-tūl) [švöov, within ; tāagróg, formed]. In biology, a small oval or rounded body, often found attached to the endoplast of a protozoan; the homologue of the nucleolus of a histologic cell. Cf. An/oblast. Endopleura (en-do-ploo/-rah) [Évöov, within; TWevpá, a rib : pl., Endopleurae]. In biology, the delicate seed-coat ; it is also called tegmen. Endopleurite (en-do-ploo/-rit) [švöov, within ; TAewpá, a rib]. In biology, one of the lateral apodemal par- titions arising from the interepimeral membrane con- necting every pair of somites in certain crustaceans. Endopodite (en-dop/-o-dit) [Évêov, within; Toic, foot]. In biology, the inner of the two main divisions of the crustacean limb ; when fully developed it consists of seven joints, becoming in the thoracic region an am- bulatory limb. Endoptile (em-dop/-/i/) [švčov, within; Trížov, feather, down, leaf J. Same as Monocotyledonous. 426 ENDOSTOMA Endorhizal (en-d'o-ri/-gal) [švöov, within ; bíča, root]. In biology, applied to monocotyledonous embryos hav- ing the radicle enclosed within a sheath. Endosalpingitis (en-do-sa/-pin-ji/-tis) [Évêov, within ; oãWirtyś, trumpet, tube; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the lining membrane of a Fallopian tube. Endosarc (en’-do-sarā) [švöov, within ; Gápš, flesh]. In biology, the inner protoplasm of a protozoan; also ap- plied by Hincks to a tissue derived from the endocyst (the inner layer of the common dermal system of a colony of Polyzoa), and composed, for the most part, of fusiform cells, constituting the connection between the polypides. Endoscope (en/-do-sköp) [évôov, within; okoreiv, to ob- serve]. An instrument for the examination of a body- cavity through its natural outlet. Endoscopy (en-dos/-ko-pe) [ Švóov, within; okoteiv, to observe]. The practice or process of using the endoscope. The examination of cavities or organs within the body by means of an endoscope. Endosiphon (en-do-si/-fun) [šv6ov, within ; othov, a tube]. In biology, the inner siphon of a cephalopod. Endoskeleton (em-do-sée/-et-un) [ćvôov, within ; cke?etóv, a dry body]. In biology, as distinguished from exoskeleton, applied to the internal skeletal structures of any animal, whether they are bony, car- tilaginous, chitinous, calcareous, or silicious, if covered by flesh and integument. Endosmometer (en-dos-mom/-et-er) [.ævöov, within; ôoplóg, a thrusting; uérpov, a measure]. An instru- ment for measuring endosmosis. Endosmose (em/-dos-mâs). Same as Endosmosis. Endosmosis (en-dos-mo/-sis) [Évêov, within; &op16c, impulsion]. The passage of a liquid from without in- ward, through a porous septum or diaphragm ; inward osmosis. See Osmosis. E., Electric, cataphoresis. Endosmotic (en-dos-mot/-i}) [évôov, within ; &op16¢, a thrusting]. Pertaining to endosmosis. E. Equiva- lent, the weight of distilled water that passes into the flask of the endosmometer in exchange for a known weight of the soluble substance. This, e.g., for Salt is 4.3; for sugar 7. I. Endosome (en/-do-sām) [Évêov, within ; adua, body]. In biology, the inner layer of the body of a sponge, developed from the endoderm and associated meso- derm. * Endosperm (en/-do-sperm) [évôov, within; otépua, seed]. In biology, the albumin of a seed. Endospore (em/-do-spor) [Évêov, within; atópog, seed]. In biology, (I) a bacterium-spore formed by free cell- formation, as distinguished from an arthrospore; (2) the inner coat of a spore. Endosteal (end-os/-te-al) [Évêov, within ; botéov, a bone]. Relating to endosteum. Endosteitis (end-os-te-i/-tis) [évôov, within ; botéov, a bone; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the endos- teum. Endosternite (en-do-ster/-nit) [Évêov, within ; otépwov, the breast-bone]. In biology, a sternal piece of the endothorax developed to support a series of muscles in various arthropods. Endosteum (end-os/-te-um) [évôov, within ; botéov, bone]. The vascular membranous layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones; the inter- nal periosteum. - Endostoma (en-dos/-to-mah) [Évêov, within; otópa, the mouth : Žl., Andostomata]. In biology, a structure found in certain crustaceans behind and giving support to the labrum. Endostoma (end-os-to/-mah) [švčov, within ; botéov, bone; pl., Endostomata]. A bony tumor within a bone, or in a cavity surrounded by bone. ENDOSTOME Endostome (en/-do-stöm) [évôov, within ; oróga, the mouth]. In biology, the orifice of the inner coat of an ovule. Endostosis (end-os-to/-sis), [Évêov, within ; boréov, bone; pl. , Ændostoses]. Ossification of a cartilage. Endostracum (en-dos/-/ra/-um) [švöov, within ; barpa- kov, shell]. In biology, the inner layer of the exo- skeleton of a crustacean. Endostyle (en/-do-stil) [šv6ov, within ; oriàog, a col- umn]. In biology, an organ for the secretion of mucus, forming the ventral edge of the branchial sac, and extending from the peripharyngeal bands ante- riorly to the posterior end of the sac of Ascidians; it is also called the hypobranchial groove. Endotheca (en-do-the'-kah) [évôov, within ; 6%km, a case: p., AEndothecae]. In biology, the inner layer of the lining investment of the visceral chamber of a coral. Endothecium (en-do-ſhe’-se-um) [švöov, within ; thkm, a case]. In biology, the tapetum or inner lining of a anther-cell. - Endothelial (en-do-theſ-le-al) [Évêov, within; 67%, nipple]. Pertaining to endothelium. Endothelioid (en-do-the-le-oid) [Évêov, within; 67%, a nipple; eiðog, form]. Resembling endothelium. Endothelio-inoma (en-do-the-le-o-in-o’-mah) [évôov, within ; 67%, a nipple; ig, a fiber; 6/la, a tumor: pl. , Ændothelio-inomada]. A malignant inoma or fibroma of endothelial origin. Endothelioleiomyoma (en-do-the-le-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah) [évôov, within ; 67%, nipple; Weioc, smooth ; uig, muscle; bud, tumor; pl. , Endothelioleiomyomata). Endothelial and malignant leiomyoma; myosarcoma. Endothelioma (en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [Évêov, within; 6m2%, a nipple; Šua, a tumor; pl., Endotheliomata]. A tumor of the endothelium, usually, if not always, a sarcoma or malignant growth. Endotheliomyxoma (en-do-theſ-le-o-miès-o’-mah) [šv- Öov, within ; 67%, nipple; paiyāa, mucus; 5ga, a tumor: pl., Endotheliomyxomata]. Endothelial and malignant myxoma. Endotheliorhabdomyoma(en-do-theſ-le-o-rab-do-mi-o'- mah) [évôov, within ; 67%, nipple; bá360¢, a rod; pig, muscle; &ga, a tumor: pl., Endod/teliorhabdomyo- mata]. Endothelial and malignant rhabdomyoma. Endothelium (en-do-the-le-um) [évôov, within ; flºff, nipple]. The internal lining membrane of serous, synovial, and other internal surfaces; the homologue of epithelium. Endothermic (en-do-ther’-mié) [švöov within; 6&pplm, heat]. Relating to the absorption of heat. E. Sub- stances, or Compounds, those of which the forma- tion is attended with an absorption of heat. Endothoracic (en-do-tho-ra/-sié) [švčov, within; 6%paš, thorax]. Situated or occurring within the thorax. Endothorax (en-do-ho’-ražs) [Évêov, within; 66paś, a breastplate; the chest]. In biology, the interior framework, or apodemal system of the cephalotho- racic region of a crustacean, furnishing processes for the support of the soft parts. Endyma (en/-dim-ah) [švövua, garment]. The epen- dyma, or lining epithelial membrane of the ventricles of the brain, and of the cavity of the spinal cord. Endymal (en/-dim-al) [švövua, garment]. Relating to the endyma. Endysis (en/-dis-is), [Évóvoaç, a putting onj. In biol- ogy, the process of acquiring plumage by a bird. Enecation (en-ek-a/-shun). [e, out; necare, to kill]. Destruction of life; complete exhaustion. Enechema (en-ek-e'-mah) [év, in ; #xmua, sound, ring- ing]. Tinnitus aurium, Enecia (e-me/-she-ah) [#vekåg, continuous]. tinuous fever. A con- 427 ENNEANDER Enema (em/-em-ah) [8veua ; #v, in ; tāvaſ, to send : A/., Enemata, Enemas]. A rectal injection' for therapeutic or nutritive purposes. Enepidermatic, or Enepidermic (en-ep-e-der-mat/-ić, or -der/-mié) [Év, in ; Śirtóéppug, the epidermis]. Per- taining to the treatment of disease by applications to the skin. Energy (en/-er-ge) [Évépyeta; Év, in ; Śpyov, work]. The power or force displayed by an organism. The capacity for doing work. E., Conservation of, the law that the various forms of energy can be trans- formed one into the other without loss. E., Kinetic, the power of a body in motion. E., Potential, the possible power of a body at rest. Physiologically, its measure is the amount of heat that may be obtained by complete combustion of the chemic compounds representing the potential energy. Enervate (e-mer/-vāt) [emerware, to weaken]. To weaken. Enervation (e-mer-va/-shun) [enervatio, weakness]. I. Weakness; lassitude; languor from lack of nerve- stimulus; neurasthenia ; the reduction of the strength. 2. The removal of a section of a nerve. Enervose (e-mer’-vás) [enervus, without nerves]. In biology, applied to leaves destitute of nerves or VelnS. Eneuresis (en-u-re/-sis). See Enuresis. Engagement-stage of Labor. See Descent-stage. Engastrius (en-gas/-tre-us) [év, in ; Yaotáp, belly]. A monstrosity in which one fetus is included within the peritoneal cavity of another. Engelmann's Middle Disc. A light disc, separating two darker discs of a muscle-case. It is also called Aſensen’s disc. Engenesis (en-jen/-es-is) [Év, in ; Yevéobat, to be pro- duced]. In biology, the fourth of Broca's four de- grees of fecundity in the union of two species. Cf. Agenesis, Dysgenesis, Paragemesis. Engine (en/-jin) [ME., engin, a mechanical contrive ance]. An apparatus for producing some mechanical effect. E., Dental, a foot-power machine, embracing the following devices and combinations: The use of a flexible wire shaft, with a flexible sheath over it. See Dental Engine. E., Surgical, an electric or foot. power machine, used with a flexible wire shaft. It is employed in surgery, in drilling, boring, and smooth- ing bone, etc. Engle System. See Cremator. English (ing'-glish ) [ME., English]. pertaining to England. E. Cholera. See Cholera. E. Disease. Synonym of Rhachitis. E. Position. See Postures, Table of. E.-red. See Colcothar and Venetian-red. E. Sweating Fever. See Anglicus sudor. E. Teeth, artificial teeth with beautiful color- ing, and soft translucency, rendering them well adapted for matching the natural teeth. Engomphosis (en-gom-fo/-sis) [ćv, in ; Yöuðog, nail]. Gomphosis, 7. v. Engorged (en-gorja') [Fr., engorgement, a choking up). Congested. E. Papilla. See Choked Disc. Engorgement (en-gor/-ment) [Fr., engoygement, a choking up]. Over-distention of the vessels of a part, with stagnation of the circulation. Vascular conges- tion. Enlargement (em-lar/-ment). Aypertrophy. Enlarger (em-lar/-jer). See Amplifier. Enneagynous (en-e-a/-in-us) [ćvvéa, nine ; Yvvi, a woman]. In biology, applied to flowers having nine pistils. Enneander (en-e-an/-der) [švvéa, nine; divāp, a man]. In biology, applied to a flower having nine stamens. Belonging or See Auxe, Alexesis, ENNEAPETALOUS Enneapetalous (en-e-ap-et/-a/-us) [évvéa, nine; Tréražov, a leaf J. In biology, applied to a flower having nine petals. Enneaspermous otépua, seed]. nine seeds. Enodal (e-mo/-da!) [e, priv.; nodus, a knot]. ogy, without nodes or joints. Enoinomania (en-oi-no-ma/-ne-ah) [šv, in ; otvog, wine; plavia, madness]. Delirium tremens. Enomania (e-no-ma/-ne-ah) [oivoc, wine; uavia, mad- ness]. Excessive use of or desire for intoxicating liquors; insanity due to intoxication. Also, delirium tremens. See Methomania. Enophthalmia (en-off-tha/-me-ah) [šv, in ; 600aWuóg, eye]. Retraction of the eyeball in the orbit. Enophthalmos (en-off-tha/-mos) [év, in ; bºta?,0c, the eye). Recession of the eyeball into the orbit. Enosomania (en-os-o-ma/-ne-a/) [švootſ, trembling; Havia, madness]. Insanity marked by terror, the patient expecting for himself the most dreadful visita- tions. Enostosis (en-os-/o/-sis) [Év, in ; botéov, bone]. A tumor within the medullary canal of a bone, or a bony tumor originating in bone. En Piqûre (on(g) pik-eer/) [Fr.]. Ensate (en/-săţ) [ensis, a sword]. shaped ; ensiform. Ensiform (en’-siſ-orm) [ensis, a sword; forma, form]. Shaped like a sword. E. Appendix, the sword- shaped, cartilaginous process of the sternum; the Xiphoid cartilage. Ensisternal (en-sis-ter/-na/) [ensis, sword; otépyov, the breast-bone]. Pertaining to the ensisternum. Ensisternum (en-sis-ter/-num) [ensis, sword; otépyov, the breast-bone]. The xiphisternum or ensiform cartilage. Ensomphalic (en-som-ſa/-ä) [év, in ; adjua, body; ôupañóg, navel]. Pertaining to an ensomphalus. See also Zeratism. Ensomphalus (en-som/-ſa/-us) [Év, in ; Göſta, body; ôupažóg, navel]. A double monstrosity, with practi- cally complete and functional organs, but united by some more or less superficial bond. Enstactum (en-staš/-tum) [év, in ; otáčetv, to drop: pl. , Ænstactaj. A liquid collyrium. Enstrophe (en’-stro-ſe) [šv, in ; otpépetv, to turn]. Inversion, as of the margin of an eyelid. - Entad (en'-tad) [évróg, within ; ad, to]. From with- out inward; toward a center; the opposite of Ecfad. Ental (en/-/al) [švróg, within]. A surface, aspect, or structure farther from the periphery or nearer the center than that with which it is contrasted. Deep, internal, profound. Compare the opposite, Ectal; also Position and Direction, Table of Entasia, or Entasis (en-ta/-se-ah, or en'-tas-is) [Évraotº, a straining]. A generic term for spasmodic muscular action; tonic spasm. Entatic (en-ta/-ä) [évTarukóc, causing Causing spasm or strain; aphrodisiac. Entera (en'-ter-a/). Plural of Enteron, g. v. Enteradenography (en-ter-ad-en-og/-ra-ſe) [évrepov, intestine; ā0%p, gland; ypápetv, to write]. A treatise on the intestinal glands. - Enteradenology (em-ter-ad-en-o/-o-je) [Évrepov, intes- tine; āóñv, gland; %yog, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the intestinal glands. Enteragra (em-fer-a/-gra/) [Évrepov, intestine; āypa, seizure]. Gout in the intestine. Enteralgia (em-fer-a/-je-a/) [Évrepov, intestine; 3Wyoc, pain]. Pain in the bowels. E. inflammatoria. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. (en-e-as-per’-mus) [&vvéa, nine; In biology, applied to fruits having In biol- See Cu//zere. In biology, sword- straining]. 428 ENTEROCLYSTER Enterectasis (en-ter-eč'-tas-is) [Évrepov, intestine; ëktagug, dilatation]. Dilatation of some part of the small intestine. Enterectomy (en-ter-ek/-to-me) [Évrepov, intestine : $KTopſfi, excision]. Excision of a part of the small intestine. Enterelcosis (en-ter-el-Ao’-sis) [švt. epov, intestine; &WRootſ, ulceration]. Ulceration of the bowel. Enterepiplocele (en-ter-ep-ip/ ſº [èvrepov, intestine; #Titãoov, caul; Khºm, hernia]. ernia in which both bowel and omentum are involved. Enterepiplomphalocele (en-ter-ep-ip-lom-ſa/-0-sel) [Év- Tepov, bowel; Štíttàoov, caul; bupañóç, navel; Kīān, hernia]. Umbilical hernia, with protrusion of the Omentum. Enteric (en-ter/-ić) [Évrepukóc; Švrepov, bowell. Per- taining to the intestines. E. Fever, typhoid fever. To demonstrate bacilli of enteric fever see Gaffky's AMethod and Pl/oodhead’s Method, under Stains, Zable of. Enterischiocele (en-ter-is/-ke-o-sel) [švrepov, intestine; toxſov, ischium ; kážm, hernia]. Intestinal hernia through the great sciatic notch. Enteritic (en-ter-iº/-ić) [švrepov, bowel; trug, inflam- mation]. Relating to enteritis. Enteritis º -ás) [Évrepov, bowel; trug, inflamma- tion]. nflammation of the small intestine. E., Chronic Exudative. Synonym of E., Pseudo-mem- branous. E., Membranous. Synonym of Æ., Pseudo- membranous. E., Pellicular. Synonym of E., Pseudo- membranous. E., Pseudo-membranous, a non- febrile affection of the bowel, consisting in a peculiar, and usually persistent, morbid condition of the intes- tinal mucous membrane, marked by the periodic formation of viscous, shreddy, or tubular exudates composed chiefly of mucin, on the discharge of which temporary amelioration of the accompanying acute digestive and nervous symptoms occurs. The disease appears mainly in middle life and usually in females. Entero- (en'-ter-o-) [Évrepov, bowell. A prefix denot- ing relation to the intestines. Entero-anastomosis (en/-ter-o-an-as-to-mo/-sis) [švre- pov, bowel; avaotouðelv, to bring to a mouth]. The Surgical creation of an anastomosis between two parts of the intestine ; or the union of two parts of the intes- tine after the excision of a segment. Enterobrosis (en-ter-o-bro/-sis) [Évrepov, bowel; 8pó- otç, an eating]. Perforation or ulceration of the in- testine. Enterocele (em/-ter-o-se/)[évrepov, bowel; káAm, tumor]. A hernia containing a loop of intestine. E., Rectal, having a covering of the rectal wall. E., Vaginal, having a covering of the vaginal wall. Enterocentesis (en-ter-o-sen-te/-sis) [švrepov, intestine; kévrmouc, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the intestine. Enterochlorophyl(em/-ter-o-kloº-roºft/)[Évrepov, bowel; 2%póg, yellowish-green; pºov, a leaf J. Mac- Munn's term for a chlorophyl found by him in the so-called livers of many invertebrates. Enterocholecystostomy (en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tosſ-to-me) [èvrepov, bowel; 20%, bile ; Küotic, cyst; oróga, mouth]. Same as Cholecystenterostomy. Entero-cholecystotomy (em-fer-o-ko-le-sis-tof/-o-me). Same as Cholecystemterotomy. Enterocleisis (em-fer-o-Alis/-īs) [Évrepov, bowel; kāeiotç, a closing]. Occlusion of the bowel. Enteroclysis (en-ter-ok'-lis-is) [Évrepov, bowel ; kWłotº, a drenching]. Injection of nutrient-material into the intestine in cholera, collapse, etc.; more generally, any rectal enema or clyster. Enteroclyster (en-ter-o-Alis'-ter) [švrepov, bowel; K%a- pia, a clyster]. A rectal clyster or enema. ENTERO-COLITIS Entero-colitis (em-Zer-o-Ko-li/-/is) [Évrepov, bowel; kóżov, the colon; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the small intestine and of the colon. Enterocystocele (en-fer-o-sis/-to-sel) [Évrepov, intestine; köotic, bladder; Khàm, tumor]. Hernia involving the urinary bladder and the intestine. Enterodynia (en-ter-o-din/-e-ah) [évtepov, ôöövm, pain]. Pain referred to the intestines. Entero-epiplocele (en'-ter-o-e-pip/-lo-sel). See AEnter- epiplocele. Enterogastritis (en-ter-o-gas-tri/-tis) [évrepov, intes- tine; yaotáp, belly; trug, inflammation]. Inflamma- tion of the stomach and intestine. Enterogastrocele (en-ter-o-gas/-tro-sé/) [švrepov, bowel; yaothp, belly; ſºm, tumor]. A hernia containing the gastric and intestinal walls; abdominal hernia. Enterography (en-ter-og/-ra-ſe) [Évrepov, intestine; ypápetv, to write]. A treatise on or a description of the intestines. - Enterohematin (en-ter-o-he/-mat-in) [Évrepov, intestine; alpiättvog, of blood]. In biology, a coloring-matter found in many invertebrates (e.g., the livers of mol- luscs), the mother-substance of histohematin. It is the same as the Aemochiomogen and Helicorubin of Krukenberg. Enterohemorrhage (en-ter-o-hem/-or-àj) [Évrepov, in- testine; alpa, blood; bºyvival, to burst forth]. Intes- tinal hemorrhage. Enterohydrocele (en-ter-o-hi/-dro-sel) [Évrepov, intes- tine; ióap, water; Khān, hernia]. Hydrocele compli- cated with intestinal hernia. - Entero-ischiocele (en-ter-o-is/-ke-o-sel) [švrepov, intes- tine; toxiou, ischium; K%m, tumor]. Same as Enter- ischioceſe. ~. * Enterolith (em/-ter-o-lith) [Évrepov, bowel ; Aiboc, a stone]. A concretion formed in the digestive-tube. Enterolithiasis (em-ter-o-lith-i/-as-is) [švrepov, bowel; Auðiaotº, the formation of calculiſ]. The formation of intestinal calculi. Enterology (en-ter-o/-o-je) [švrepov, bowel; %yog, science]. The science of the intestinal viscera; the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and hygiene of the intestines. Enteromalacia (em-Zer-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [.ævrepov, bowel ; pañakia, softness]. Pathologic softening of the bowel- walls. - Enteromenia (en-fer-o-me/-ne-ah) [Švrepov, bowel; ſuffv, month]. Vicarious menstruation by the bowel. Enteromerocele (em-fer-o-me/-ro-sé!) [švrepov, bowel; Aumpóc, thigh ; ká%m, hernia]. Femoral hernia involv- ing the intestine. Enteromesenteric bowel ; pièoog, middle; Śvrepov, bowell. to the intestine and the mesentery. Enteron (em/-ter-on) [évrepov, intestine ; fl., Entera]. I. The intestinal or alimentary canal, exclusive of those parts that are of ectodermal origin. 2. The intestine. Enteroncus (en-fer-ong/-kus) [švrepov, bowel; 5) Koç, mass]. A tumor of the bowel. Enteroneuria (en-ter-o-mu’-re-ah) [Švrepov, intestine; veipov, nerve]. An intestinal disease dependent upon some neurosis. • Enteropathy (en-fer-off’-ath-e) [švtepov, bowel; Tá60c, disease]. Any disease of the intestines. Enteroperistole (en-ter-o-per-is/-to-le) [švrepov, bowel; treptorožň, a winding about]. I. Peristaltic motion of the bowels. 2. Any constrictive obstruction of the intestinal-tube. Entero-peritonitis (en-ter-o-per-it-on-i/-täs) [šutepov, bowel; reputóvatov, the peritoneum; tric, inflamma- tion], Combined inflammation of the intestines and bowel; (em-fer-o-meg-en-ter/-i})_[évrepov, Pertaining 429 ENTEROSTOMY adjacent peritoneum; inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the intestine. Enteropexia (en-ter-o-peſºs/-e-ah) [švrepo", bowel; Tržić, fixation]. Fixation of a portion of the intes- tine to the abdominal wall, for the relief of enterop- tosis, splanchnoptosis, etc. Enterophlogia (en-ter-o-ſlo/-je-a/, ) [Évrepov, bowel; p?oyła, a burning]. Synonym of Acute /ntestimal Catarrh. Enterophlogosis (en-ter-o-ſo-go/-sis) [ćvrepov, bowel; pžáyoolg, a burning]. Synonym of Acute Intestina/ Catarrh. Enterophthisis (en-ter-off’-this-is) [Évrepov, bowel; pffiac, wasting]. Intestinal tuberculosis. Enteroplastic (en-ter-o-plas/-/i/ ) [Évrepov, bowel; TWaotakóc, formed]. Pertaining to enteroplasty. Enteroplasty (en/-ter-o-plas-te) [švrepov, bowel ; Tºào- oeuv, to form]. Any plastic operation upon the intes- tine to repair injuries of its walls. Enteroplegia (en-ter-o-ple/-je-ah) [ävtepov, TAmyń, a stroke]. Paralysis of the bowels. Enteroplex (en/-fer-o-pleks) [évrepov, bowel; TAéčev, to interlace]. See Enteroplexia. Enteroplexia, or Enteroplexy (en-fer-o-pleks/-e-ah, or en/-ter-o-pleks-e) [švrepov, intestine; t?éščtv, to inter- lace]. A method of treatment of wounds of the in- testine in which union of the bowel is obtained by different means, but particularly by an apparatus, the enteroplex, without the use of needle and thread. The enteroplex is formed of two aluminum rings so con- structed that they will fit the one into the other. These are inserted into the cut ends of the bowel, and then the two are pressed together, the intestinal walls being brought into apposition. Enteroproctia (en-ter-o-proA'-she-ah) [švrepov, intes- tine; Tpokrós, anus]. The existence of an artificial anus, or of an opening into the bowel for fecal dis- charge. bowel; Enteroptosis (en-ter-op-fo/-sis) [švTepov, bowel ; Trôotſ, a fall]. Glénard's term for a combination of neuras- thenia with gastro-intestinal disturbance and prolapse of the abdominal organs, particularly the transverse colon, with looseness of the mesenteric and peritoneal attachments. It is also called Sºlanchnopſosis. Enterorrhagia (en-fer-or-a/-je-a/) [švrepov, bowel; Amyvival, to burst forth]. Intestinal hemorrhage. Excessive discharge of any kind from the intestine. Enterorrhaphy (en-fer-or/-a-ſe) [švTepov, bowel; bagſ, suture]. Suture, or stitching, of the intestine. Enterorrhea (en-ter-or-e'-a/) [švrepov, intestine; bota, a flow]. Diarrhea. Enterorrhexis (en-fer-or-eks/-īs) [Évrepov, bowel ; 675tc, rupture]. Rupture of the bowel. - Enterosarcocele (en-fer-o-sar/-40-se/) [švtepov, intes- tine; gépº, flesh; Kff?m, a hernia]. Intestinal hernia with sarcocele. Enterosepsis (en-fer-o-sep/-sis) [ärtepov, bowel ; Giºlºg, putrefaction]. Intestinal toxemia or sepsis. . A con- dition of unusual activity in the contents of the intes- timal canal, by which the ptomaines of putrefaction are produced in such manner, or in such quantity, that they are absorbed and give rise to a state of intoxication. Enterosis (en-fer-o/-sis) [švrepov, bowel ; vöoog, dis- ease; pl., Enteroses]. Any intestinal disease. Enterostenosis (en-ter-o-ste-mo/-sis) [évrepov, bowel; orévogic, contraction]. Stricture or narrowing of the intestinal canal. Enterostomy (en-fer-osſ-to-me) [švrepov, bowel; otóua, mouth]. Incision and suture of the small intestine to the abdominal wall for introduction of food by this artificial mouth, in case of impossibility of food- entrance by the normal route. ENTEROTERATOMA Enteroteratoma (en-ter-o-ter-at-o’-mah) [Évrepov, bowel ; Tépaç, monster; āua, tumor]. A solid tumor of the umbilicus in new-born infants, composed of the remains of the omphalic duct. Enterotome (en'-ter-o-tom) [švrepov, bowel; touóg, cutting]. The name of various instruments used in cutting-operations upon the intestine. Enterotomy (en-ter-of/-o-me) [švrepov, bowel ; tāuvetv, to cut]. Incision, dissection, or anatomy of the intes- tline. Enterozoön (en-ter-o-zo’-on)[èvrepov, intestine; ſºov, an animal : Āl., Enterozoal. A parasite of the intestine. Entheomania (en-the-o-ma/-ne-ah) [šv6eog, inspired; gavía, madness]. Mania in which the patient believes himself to be inspired; religious insanity. Enthetic (en-thef/-ić) [Évrifféval, to put inj. Intro- duced ; coming from without; applied especially to syphilitic and other specific contagious diseases. The list of enthetic diseases given by Dr. Hartshorne, in Pepper’s “System of Medicine,” is as follows: 1. Only produced by contact or inoculation—primary syphilis, gonorrhea, vaccinia, hydrophobia. 2. Con- tagious also by atmospheric transmission through short distances—variola, varioloid, varicella, measles, diphtheria, Scarlatina, rötheln, mumps, whooping cough, typhus, relapsing fever. 3. Endemic, occa- sionally epidemic—malarial fever, dengue, yellow fever. 4. The zymotic or enthetic diseases—influ- enza, cerebrospinal fever, erysipelas, puerperal fever, tropical dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, plague. Entiris (en-ti’-ris) [Évrác, within ; ipug, rainbow). The uvea of the iris, forming its inner and pigmentary layer. Entoblast (en/-to-blast) [švróg, within; bud, germ]. In biology, the nucleolus or germinal spot of a histologic cell. Cf. Andoplasteele. Entobliquus (en-to-b/i/-Awus) [švTóg, within; obliquus, oblique]. The obliquus internus muscle of the abdo- men. See Muscles, Table of Entobranchiate (en-to-brang/-ke-āţ) [Évróg, within; 6páyºta, gills]. In biology, having internal or con- cealed branchia. Entocarotid (en-to-kar-o'-id) [Évróg, within; kápoc, stupor]. The internal carotid artery. See Arteries, Table of. Entocele (en’-to-se/), [Évrác, within ; Kff?"), hernia]. Internal hernia (as through the diaphragm); ectopia; morbid displacement of an internal organ. Entoceliac, or Entocelian (en-to-se/-le-a/, or en-to- se/-/e-an) [švróg, within; KotAia, hollow]. Situated within a brain-cavity or ventricle. Entochoroidea, or Entochorioidea (en-to-ko-roiſ-de-a/, or -ko-re-oi-de/-ah) [Évróg, within ; xopoetóżg, like a membrane]. The inner lining of the choroid mem- brane of the eye, made up mainly of capillaries. Entocinerea (en-to-sin-e'-re-ah) [Évróg, within; ciner- eus, ashy]. Cineritious or gray brain-substance sur- rounding the cavities of the brain and spinal cord. Entocondylar (en-to-kom/-dil-ar) [Évróg, within; kóvóvãog, a condyle]. Pertaining to an inner condyle, Entocondyle (en-to-Aom/-dil) [Évróg, within ; kóvóvãog, a condyle]. An inner condyle, as of the humerus or the femur. Entoconid (en-to-ko’-mid) [švróg, within; kóvog, cone]. The inner and posterior cusp of a lower molar tooth. Entocornea (en-to-kor/-ne-ah) [Évróg, within; corneus, horny]. That part of Descemet's membrane that lines and adheres to the inner surface of the cornea, Entocuneiform (en-to-Au/-me-if-orm) [Évróg, within ; cuneus, a wedge; forma, form]. The inner cunei- form bone of the foot. 3%aoTóg, a 430 ENTOPLASTIC Entocyte (en'-to-sit) [Évróg, within; kirog, cell]. The contents of a cell, including nucleus, nucleolus, granu- lations, etc. Entoderm (en’-to-derm) [Évróg, within; 6éppa, skin]. Same as AEndoderm. Entoectad (en-to-ek/-tad) [Évróg, within; £króg, exter- nal ; ad, to]. From within outward. Entogastric (en-to-gas/-trik) [Évróg, within ; yaothp, stomach]. Relating to the interior of the stomach. Entoglossal (em-to-glos/-al) [Évróg, within ; yhøgda, tongue]. Situated within the tongue. Entogluteus (en-to-glu-te/-us) [Évróg, within; YWovróg, the rump). The gluteus minimus muscle. See Mus- cles, 7able of Entojugular Vein (en-to-ju/-gu-lar) [Évróg, within; jugular, a little yoke]. The internal jugular vein. See Vezn. Entomere (em/-to-mer) [švróg, within ; uépoc, a part]. In embryology, one of the cells forming the center of the mass of blastomeres in the developing mam- malian ovum, the outer blastomeres being called ecºſo/Prez’es. Entomion (en-to/-me-on) [švrouń, notch]. See Cranio- metric Points. Entomogenous (en-to-mo/-en-us) [évrouov, an insect; yevåg, produced). In biology, applied to fungi growing upon or within insects. Cf. Entomophytous. Entomography (en-to-mog/-ra-ſe) [švtopov, an insect; ypáyetv, to write]. A written treatise on insects. Entomology (en-to-mol/-o-je) [Švrouov, insect; Aéyetv, to speak]. That department of zoölogy devoted to the description of insects. Entomophilous (en-to-moff’-i/-us) [švropov, insect; (pºéetv, to love]. Insect-loving or insect-attracting. E. Flowers, flowers attracting insects by their secretions and thus securing cross-fertilization through the insects that carry the pollen to other flowers. Entomophytous (en-to-moff’-it-us) [ćvrouov, insect; Øvróg, grown]. In biology, applied to fungi that grow upon or within the bodies of insects. Cf. Anato- mogenozºs. Entomosis (en-to-mo/-sis) [švrouov, insett; v6oog, dis- ease]. Any disease due to parasitic insects. Entomotaxy (en-to-mo-taks’-e) [švrouov, insect; Táčac, arrangement]. The systematic preparation and arrangement of insects. Entomotomy (en-to-mo/-o-me) [švrouov, insect; tou%, a cutting]. Insect anatomy. Entomozoaria (en-to-mo-20-a/-re-ah) [švropov, an in- sect; (Öov, a living being]. A type of bilateral animals nearly equivalent to the Arthropoda. Entonia (en-to/-ne-ah) [Évrovía, tension]. Rigidity or tension of a voluntary muscle; tonic spasm. Entonic (en-ton/-i}) [Évrovía, tension]. Characterized by entonia, or by violent tonic spasm. Entoparasite (en-to-par/-as-it) [.ævróg, within; trapá- outog, parasite]. An internal parasite; an entozoan or entophyte. Entopectoralis (en-to-pek-for-a/-lis) [švróg, within; £ectoralis, of the breast]. The pectoralis minor mus- cle. See Muscles, Table of Entoperipheral (en-to-per-iſ/-er-al) [Évróg, within; treptºpépelv, to carry around]. Originating or situated within, and not upon the periphery. Entophthalmia (en-toff-thal/-me-ah) [Évrác, within; ôpffažuía, a disease of the eyes]. Inflammation of the internal parts of the eyeball. - Entophyte (em/-to-fit) [Évróg, within; ©vróv, a plant]. An internal parasite of vegetable nature; as a schizo- mycete or bacterium. Entoplastic (en-to-plas/-tić) [évróg, within ; tāāogetv, to form]. Same as Endoplastic. e ENTOPLASTRON Entoplastron (en-to-plas/-fron) [ćvróg, within; plastron, a breastplate ; pl. , Æntoplastra]. In biology, the internal clavicular scute, or anterior median piece of the plastron of a chelonian. Entoptic (en-top'-tić) [Évróg, within ; birtúcóg, pertain- ing to vision]. Pertaining to the internal parts of the eye. E. Phenomena, visual phenomena caused by peculiarities or imperfections of the eye itself, such as musca volitantes. Entoptoscopic (en-top-to-skop/-i}) [Évróg, within ; &mp, eye; akoreiv, to inspect]. Relating to entoptoscopy. Entoptoscopy (en-top-tosſ-Åo-pe) [Évroſ, within ; &lp, eye; okotreiv, to inspect]. The investigation or observational study of the interior of the eye, or of the shadows within the eye. Entorectomy (en-for-e/-to-me) [švrepov, bowel; £ktopuſ, excision]. Resection of a diseased portion of the bowel. Entoretina (en-to-ret/-in-ah) [évróg, within; retina, retina]. The innermost layer of the retina, itself com- posed of five layers, and an inner limiting membrane. Entorrhagia (en-for-a/-je-a/) [švróg, within ; bºyvíval, to burst forth]. Internal hemorrhage. Entosternite (en-to-ster/-nit). See AEndostermite. Entosthoblast (en-tos'-tho-blast) [švtoaffe, from within; (3%aotóg, germ]. The supposed nucleus of a nucle- olus. Entostosis, or Entosteosis (en-tos-to/-sis, -tos-te-o/-sis [Évróg, within; botéov, bone]. An osseous growt within a medullary cavity. Entotic (en-toz/-ić) [évróg, within ; oiſ, ear]. Pertain- ing to the internal ear. E. Phenomena, sounds caused by abnormalities of the auditory mechanism itself. fºntotriceps (en-tot’-re-seps) [évróg, within ; Tpeiç, three; Keſpaññ, head]. The internal head or division of the triceps muscle of the arm. Entozoal (en-to-zo/-al) [évróg, within; &#ov, an animal]. Caused by or dependent upon entozoa. Entozoön (en-to-go’-on) [Évróg, within ; Kºjov, an ani- mal : Żl., Fntozoa). An animal parasite living within another animal. Entrails (em/-fre/s) [M.E., entraile]. abdominal viscera. Entropium (en-tro/-ſe-um). The bowels and See Entropion. * ** * * SN N ENTROPION, Entropion (en-tro/-pe-on) [šv, in ; Tpéretv, to turn]. Inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against the globe of the eye, producing inflammation, pannus, etc. It may be cicatricial, organic, or spastic in origin. E., Superciliary, the incurvation of the hairs of the eyebrow into the palpebral fissure and against the conjunctiva, causing the same symptoms as are present in ordinary entropion. Enucleation (e-mu-Ale-a/-shun) [e, out of; nucleus, a kernel]. The operation of exsecting or shelling-out from its seat, or capsule a tumor, etc. E. of Eye, excision of the eyeball from the orbit. Enucleator (e-mu’-Åle-a-tor) [e, out of; nucleus, a ker- nel]. An instrument used in performing enucleation. 431 EPENDY MAL Enuresis (en-u-re/-sis) [évoupéetv, to be incontinent of urine]. Incontinence of urine. A frequent affection of early childhood, due to a variety of pathologic con- ditions, including the presence of ascarides, phimosis, and vulvitis. E. nocturna, involuntary emptying of the bladder during sleep. Envelop (em/-ve/-op) [Fr., enveloppe]. membrane, or layer. Environment (en-vi'-ron-ment) [Fr. environmer, to surround]. The totality of influences acting upon the organism from without. See Avoluſion, Factors of Enzoötic (en-zo-o/-ić) [év, in, or among; ſºov, animal]. Affecting beasts in a certain district; as an enzoötic disease. Enzoöty (en-zoº-o-te) [é", in, among ; ſóov, an animal]. An enzoötic disease. Enzyme (en/-zim) [ćv, in ; Küpım, leaven]. I. Kühne's name for the soluble ferments. 2. Any ferment formed within the living organism. 3. Any chemic or hydro- lytic ferment, as distinguished from organized fer- ments, such as yeast. Enzymes are most active between 30° and 35° C., and are destroyed by boiling. Enzymic (en-zi/-mić) [Év, in ; ſipim, leaven]. The na- ture of the action of an enzyme. Enzymosis (en-zi-mo/-sis) [ćv, in ; ſign, leaven]. The action of an enzyme. Enzymotic (em-zi-mot/-ić) [ćv, in ; Köplm, leaven]. Per- taining to enzymes. Eonosos, or Eonosus (e-on/-o-sos, or -sus) [#óg, morn- ing; v6oog, illness]. See Morning Sickness. Eosin (eſ-o-sin) [#óa, the dawn], CoHABr,0s. Tetra- brom fluorescein ; an important dye produced by the ac- tion of bromin on fluorescein suspended in glacial acetic acid. It occurs in red or yellowish-red crystals, and is used as a stain in histology. See Auchsin. E. colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of Eosinophile (e-o-sin/-o-fi/)[eosin from #&c, dawn; ©17 siv, to love]. In bacteriology and histology, applied to mi- crobes or histologic elements showing a peculiar affin- ity for eosin-stain. Eosinophilous (e-o-sin-off’-i/-us) [#6ç, dawn ; ºtzeiv, to love]. Staining readily with eosin. Applied to certain granules in the lymphoid blood-cells that stain with acid anilin-dyes. Epactal (e-ſa/-ta/) [šTakTóc, brought inj. Interca- lated ; supernumerary; Wormian. E. Cartilages. See Cartiſage. Epanetus (e-pan/-et-us) [&Táveroc, relaxing]. Remittent fever. Epanisognathous (ep-an-is-og’-na-thus) [ští, upon; âvloog, unequal ; Yváffog, jaw]. In biology, having the upper teeth narrower than the lower ones. Epapophysis (eft-aft-off’-is-is) [ští, upon ; aſſogºvoſc, ap- ophysis]. A median process placed dorsad of the centrum of a vertebra. Eparterial (eft-ar-fe’-re-al) [ští, upon ; diptſ/pia, artery]. Situated above an artery. Epaxial (ºp-aks/-e-a!) [&Tí, on ; axes, axis]. or extending over an axis. Epencephal (ep-en’-seſ-a!). See Epencephalom. Epencephalic (eſ-en-seſ-a/-ä) [ští, on ; Śykéjažoç, brain]. Pertaining to the epencephalon. Epencephalon (eft-en-sef’-a/-on) [&tí, on ; Śykéðažog, brain]. The after-brain or hind-brain; the cerebel- lum and pons taken together; or, as some define it, the cerebellum, pons, and oblongata taken together. Ependyma (e-pen'-dim-ah) [&Tévôvua, an upper gar- ment]. The lining membrane of the cerebral ventri- cles and of the central canal of the spinal cord; endyma. Ependymal (e-ſen’-dim-a/) [&Tévôvſta, an upper gar ment]. Pertaining to the ependyma. An investing Situated EPENDY MITIS Ependymitis (e-pen-dim-i/-tis) [&Tévôvua, an upper garment; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ependyma. Ephebic (eſ-e'-bié) [šºm/3/kóg, belonging to puberty]. Pertaining to youth, adolescence, or puberty. Ephebology (eſ-e-bo/-oje) [34,730g, youth; 26 yog, science]. The science of youth, adolescence, and puberty. Ephedra (eſ/-e-dra/ ) [ští, upon; £6pa, a seat]. A genus of gnetaceous plants with four N. American, several S. American, and many other species. See Tºpopote. E. antisyphilitica, and E. trifurca, of Texas, etc., are used in gonorrhea, urethritis, and leukorrhea, and as vulneraries. E. andina, of S. America, and E. distachia (or vulgaris), E. equi- setina, E. flava, E. fragilis, and E. monostachya, of the old world, have similar properties. Ephedrin (ef/-e-drin) [ští, upon ; Śēpa, a seat]. The active principle of Ephedra vulgaris, proposed as a mydriatic by Nagai. It is a cardiac depressant and harmless mydriatic. The dose of the hydrochlorate in collyria gr. ss in 3 iij distilled water. For instillation & e º º & Unof. Ephelis (ef’-el-is) [šºmžíg; Ští, on ; #%og, wart: pl., Aphelides]. A freckle. See Lentigo. Ephemera (ef-em/-er-ah) [špñuepog, daily J. The name given by old physicians to short and slight febrile attacks occurring in the lying-in period. These fevers were of frequent occurrence, and of slight significance. They indicated a small amount of septic infection. E. maligna. See Anglicus sudor. Ephemeral (e-fem/-er-al) [&##|Impoc, living a day]. Temporary. Applied to fevers that pass away in a ay. Ephesis (ef’-es-is) [épeoig, a longing]. A longing; lust. Ephialtes (eſ-e-a/-tez) [éptáAtmg; Štri, upon; iáWWeiv, to leap). See AVåghtmare. Ephidrosis (ef-id-ro/-sis) [ští, upon; iópoolç, sweat- ing]. Perspiration. See Hyperidrosis. E. cruenta, bloody sweat. See Aſematidrosis. E. flava, yellow sweat. E. lactea, white or milky sweat. E. nigra, black sweat. E. tincta. See Chromidrosis. E. viridis, greenish sweat. Ephippium (eſ-ip/-e-um) [építriov, saddle-cloth; Świ, on ; it Tog, horse: pl., Ephippia]. I. Same as Sella Zurcica. 2. In biology saddle-shaped capsules formed from the carapace of adult cladocera, and con- taining the winter (or ephippial) eggs. Epian (e/-pe-an) [Fr., a raspberry]. frambesia, 7. v. Epiblast (e/-e-blast) [&ti, upon; 3%aotóg, a sprout]. The external or upper layer of the blastoderm, called, also, the ectoder//, or neuro-epidermal layer, from which is developed the central nervous system and epidermal tissues, including the epithelium of the sense-organs. Epiblema (eft-e-ble/-ma/) [&Ti, upon; 34%Weuv, to throw ; to throw over or to cloak]. In biology, the imper- fectly-formed epidermis in submerged plants and on the extremities of growing roots. Epibole (e-fi/-o-le). See AEpibody. Epiboly (e-/i/-o-le) [Étſ, upon; 86%éty, to throw]. In biology, a term introduced by Salenka to indicate the enclosure of the large yolk-mass by the overgrowth of cleavage-cells. Cf. Embody. The yaws; Epibranchial (ºft-e-brang/-ke-al) [ští, upon ; 3páyºta, - gills]. In biology, applied to various structures; as that portion of the carapace of a crustacean that forms part of the roof of the branchial chamber; the terminal horn of the hyoid bone of a bird, etc. Epibulbar (eft-e-bu!/-bar) [&ti, upon ; 30%6óg, bulbus, bulb). Situated upon the globe of the eye; as an epibulbar tumor. 432 EPICYESIS Epicalyx (ep-e-Aa/-liás) [ští, upon ; káAvč, calyx; pl., Apicalyces]. In biology, an involucre resembling an exterior or accessory calyx. Epicanthis (ep-e-kan'-this) [štrukav6íg: pl., Epican- thides]. See Epicanthus. Epicanthus (eſ-e-kan'-thus) [ští, on ; Kavóóg, angle of the eye]. A fold of skin passing from the nose to the eyebrow over the inner canthus of the eye. Epicardium (ep-e-Aar/-de-um) [ští, upon; kapóta, heart]. The visceral layer of the pericardium. Epicarp (ep'-e-kay?), [ští, upon ; KapTóg, fruit]. In biology, the outer skin of a fruit. Epicele, Epicoele (ep/-ī-sel) [ćtt, upon; kothia, belly]. I. In biology, applied to such a body-cavity as that of vertebrates or that represented by the atrium of an ascidium. 2. The cephalic portion of the fourth ven- tricle, constituting the cavity of the epencephal. Epicentral (ep-e-sen/-tral) [éri, upon; Kévrpov, center]. In biology, adhering to a vertebral centrum, as some of the scleral spines in the herring. - Epicerebral (ep-e-ser/-e-bral) [ští, upon ; cerebrum, the brain]. Situated over or on the cerebrum; as the epicerebral space between the brain and the pia. Epichilium (ep-e-Åi/-e-um) [.ætt, upon; weižog, lip, brim; pl., * n biology, applied to the upper portion of the lip of an orchid. Epichorion (ep-e-Ao’-re-on) [ští, upon; 26ptov, the chorion]. I. The decidua reflexa. 2. The epidermis. Epiclidium (ep-e-Alid/ º [étré, upon ; KWeiðtov, clavicle: pl., Epiclidia]. In biology, a separate ossi- fication of the distal end of the clavicle in birds; ac- cording to Parker it represents the precoracoid of rep- tiles. Epiclinal (ep-e-Ali'-mal) [ští, upon; KWivn, a bed]. In biology, placed upon the receptacle. Epicoelia (ep-e-seſ-le-ah). See Fpicele. Epicoma, Epicomus or Epicome (e-pić/-o-mah, e-pić’-o-mus, e-pi}/-o-me) [ští, upon; kóplm, hair]. A parasitic monstrosity having an accessory head united to the principal fetus by the summit. Epicondylar (ep-e-kon/-diſ-ar) ſetti, upon; kóvöv%0ç, a condyle]. Relating to an epicondyle. Epicondyle (ep-e-kon/-dil) [ští, upon ; kóvöväog, a condyle]. I. Any supracondylar eminence upon a bone, as the humerus. 2. Less correctly, the external condyle of the humerus. Epicondylo - cubitalis (ep-e-Åon/-diſ-o - Au-bit-a/-lis) [štrukóvóvãog, an epicondyle; cubitum, the elbow]. The anconeus muscle. See Muscles, Zable of Epicondylo-radialis (ep-e-Aom/-dil-o-ra-de-a/-lis) [&Tt- kóvövžoç, an epicondyle ; radius, the radius]. The supinator brevis muscle. See Muscles, Zable of Epicotyl (ep-e-kot'-it) [ští, on ; Korvåmóów, a cup-shaped hollow (cotyledon)]. In biology, the stem of a young plant between the cotyledons and the lowest true leaves. Epicranial (ep-e-Ara/-ne-al) [&ti, upon; Kpaviov, the cranium]. Relating to the epicranium. Epicranium (ep-e-Ara/-ne-um) [ští, upon ; Kpavíov, cranium]. The structures covering the cranium. Epicrisis (eſ-e-Ari'-sis) [štíkplotc, determination]. The phenomena of disease succeeding the crisis; a sec- ondary crisis. Epicrusis (ep-e-Aru/-sis) [ští, upon; ºpoioic, stroke]. I. Massage by strokes or blows; percussion ; thera- peutic scourging. Epicyemate (ep-e-si-e'-māt) [ští, upon ; kūmua, an embryo). In embryology, applied to that form of development in which the embryo remains outside and above the yolk-vesicle. It is characteristic of fishes and batrachians. Epicyesis (ep-e-si-e'-sis) [&tt, over; kvěew, to be preg- nant]. Superfetation. fºLICYSTIC Epicystic (ep-e-sis/-tić) [ért, upon ; Icíarac, bladder]. Suprapubic; situated above the urinary bladder. Epicystitis (ep-e-sis-/i/ º [étri, upon ; Küotic, bladder; (tºg, inflammation]. nflammation of the tissues above the bladder. Epicystotomia (ep-e-sis-to-to/-me-a/). cystotomy. Epicystotomy (eſ-e-sis-toſ/-o-me) [étrº, upon ; Küotag, a bladder; Tépively, to cut]. Suprapubic incision of the bladder. Same as Epi- Epicyte (ep/-e-sit) [&tſ, upon ; KöTog, cell]. The cell- wall or hyaline cuticle of cells. Epidemesis (ep-e-dem-e'-sis) [Étudźumotg]. Same as Apidemia. Epidemia (ep-e-de/-me-ah) [Étudmuía, an epidemic]. Any epidemic disease, or epidemic of disease. E. puerorum. Synonym of Whooping-cough. Epidemic (ep-e-dem/-īk) [ští, upon ; diffuoc, people]. A term applied to diseases that involve large numbers of persons, or spread over a wide area, in contra- distinction to Ændemic. - Epidemicity (ep-e-dem-is/-īt-e) [ští, upon; 67/10g, a people]. The quality of being epidemic. Epidemiography (ep-e-de-me-og/-ra-ſe) [štúñutog, epidemic; Ypápelv, to write]. A description of epidemic diseases. g Epidemiologic (ep-e-dem-e-o-lo/-ić) [štúñutog, epi- demic; Aóyog, science]. Relating to epidemiology. Epidemiology (eft-e-dem-e-o/-o-je) [štrºëhutog, epidemic; Żóyog, science]. The science of epidemic diseases. Epidemy (e/-e-dem-e). See Epidemia. Epiderm (ep/-e-derm). See Apidermis. Epiderma (ep-e-der/-mah) [ští, upon; 6&ppia, skin : pl., Epidermata]. Any abnormal outgrowth from the epidermis. Epidermal (ep-e-der/-ma/) [&ti, upon ; déppia, skin]. Relating to or composed of epiderm. * Epidermatic, Epidermic (ep-e-der-mat/-ić, -der/-mić) [ští, upon; 68ppa, skin]. Relating to the epidermis. E. Method, a method of administering medicinal substances by applying them to the skin. It is also called ſatraliptic method. Epidermatoid (ep-e-der/-mat-oid) [ští, upon ; 6épua, skin; eiðoç, likeness]. Resembling the epidermis. Epidermic (ep-e-der/-mić). Same as AEpidermatic. E. Erythema. See Acrodynia. E. Globes. See Can- cer-nests. E. Grafting. See Reverdin's Operation in Operations, Table of E. Pearls. See Cell-nests. Epidermidomycosis (ep-e-der/-mid-o-mi-ko/-sis) [&Ti- Öeppuig, epiderm ; ui/Kmg, fungus]. A disease due to the growth of parasitic fungi upon the skin. - Epidermin (ep-e-der/-min) [ští, upon ; 6épua, skin]. A base for ointments prepared by melting one-half ounce of white wax in a warm mortar and triturating with this one-half ounce of powdered gum arabic until a homogeneous paste is obtained. To this is added a boiling mixture of one-half ounce each of water and glycerin and the whole is stirred until cold. Epidermin, thus prepared, is a semi-fluid, creamy sub- stance, which, when exposed to the air in a thin layer, forms a strongly adherent, flexible pellicle or coating. When medicaments are to be added they are always previously rubbed up in glycerin. Epidermis (ep-e-der/-mis) [Éti, upon ; 6épua, the skin]. The outer layer of the skin. The scarf-skin, consist- ing of a layer of horny cells, that protects the true skin. It has neither blood-vessels nor nerve-filaments. E., Appendages of, a generic name for the hair, nails, etc., growing from the epiderm. Epidermization (eft-e-der-miz-a/-shun) [&tudepuig, epi- derm]. I. The formation of epiderm. 2. Skin- grafting. 433 EPIGLOTTIDITIS Epidermolysis (ep-e-der-mo/-is-is) [štajeppuig, epiderm; Žíaug, separation]. Acantolysis bullosa ; Dermatitis bullosa; a rare skin-disease in which bullae form upon the slightest pressure. The disease shows itself in infancy, and occurs especially upon the hands and feet. The lesion begins as a red spot, which is itchy; in two hours a bulla forms, enlarges, and then gradu- ally subsides, drying into a scale. It is most pro- nounced in summer. Epididymal, or Epididymic (ep-e-did/-em-al, -im-i}). [ští, upon; 6áðvplot, the testes]. Relating to the epididymis. Epididymis (ºp-e-did-im-is) [ští, upon; 6tévuot, the testes]. The small body lying above the testes. The superior end is the globus major, the inferior, the globus minor. Epididymitis (ep-e-did-im-i/-tis) [Étrudućvutº, epididy- mis; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the epi- didymis. Epidosis (e-pid’-o-sis) [štíðoatcl. Enlargement; in- crease ; exacerbation. Epidrome (e-pid’’-ro-me) [ÉTadpouff, a running upon J. Active, or (more often) passive, congestion. Epidural (ep-e-du/-ra!) [ští, upon ; durus, hard]. Upon or over the dura. E. Space, the space outside the dura mater of the spinal cord and brain. Epifolliculitis (ep-e-fo/-ik-u-li/-tis) [ští, upon; follicu- ſus, a follicle; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation seated about the hair-follicles of the scalp. Epigamic (ep-e-gam/-i}) [ště, upon ; Yáſuoc, marriage]. In biology, applied to those bright tints and patterns displayed by many animals during courtship. Cf. Aſ/epigamic. Epigaster (ep-e-gas/-ter) [ští, upon; Yaotip, belly] The large intestine; hindgut. Epigastralgia (ep-e-gas-tra/-je-a/.) [Ettyáarptov, epi- gastrium; āāyog, pain]. Pain in the epigastrium. Epigastric (ep-e-gasſ-frić) [éti, upon; Yao Táp, belly]. Relating to the epigastrium. E. Reflex. See A'effexez, Table of. Epigastrium (ep-e-gas/-/re-um) [ští, upon ; Yao Tàp, stomach]. The upper and middle part of the abdom- inal surface; the epigastric region. Epigastrius (ep-e-gas/-/re-us) [ští, upon ; Yao Tàp, the stomach]. A form of double-monstrosity, in which one fetus in an undeveloped condition is contained within the epigastric region of the other. Epigea, or Epigaea (eft-e-je'-ah) [ští, upon; ) aſa, earth]. A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E. repens, trailing arbutus of N. America, has valuable diuretic properties. See Trailing Arbutus. Epigeal (ºp-e-je'-a') [&Tí, upon ; ) eia, Yéa, the earth]. In biology, growing on or out of the ground, or living near the surface of the ground. Epigenesis (eſ-e-jen’-es-is) [&Tí, upon ; )'évêqug, genera- tion]. In biology, the theory that holds the embryo to be the result of the union of the male and female elements, and the fully formed organism the result of a gradual process of differentiation, in distinction to the theory of encasement, preformation, or evolution, which held the embryo to préexist enfolded in a minute form within the germ. Epigenous (e-fi/-en-us) [ští, upon ; Yévºc, produced]. In biology, growing upon the surface or upper side of a leaf or other part, as many fungi. Cf. Zſºft/y/lous. Epigeous (eſ-e-je’-us) [&Ti, upon ; yéa, the earth]. In biology, growing on or near the ground. Same as Apºgeal. Epiglottic (eft-e-g/o/-i}) [ští, upon ; yāorrig, glottis]. Relating to the epiglottis. Epiglottiditis (ep-e-gloſſ-id-'-tis) [&ttyWotic, epiglottis; trug, inflammation], Inflammation of the epiglottis. 28 EPIGLOTTIS Epiglottis (ep-e-glo/-is) [&ti, upon ; yżorrig, glottis], A thin fibro-cartilaginous valve that aids in preventing food and drink from passing into the larynx. Epiglottitis (ep-e-glot-7-tis). See, AEpiglottiditis. Epignathous (e-pig’-na-thus) [ští, upon; Yváffog, jaw]. In biology, hook-billed; applied to birds in which the upper half of the beak overreaches the under half and is deflected over it. Epignathus (e-pig’-na-thus) [&ti, upon; Yváffog, jaw]. A twin monstrosity in which the parasite is united to the superior maxillary bone of the autosite. Epigonium (ep-e-go/-ne-um) [ští, upon; yová, seed]. In biology, the old archegonium in mosses and Æepa- ticae, after the capsule has developed. Epigynous (e-pi/-in-us) [ští, upon; yová, a woman]. In biology, growing upon the ovary. Epihippic Fever (ep-e-hip/-ić) [Éirt, upon; horse]. See Aºzer. Epilation (ep-il-a/-shun) [e, out of; pilus, a hair]. The extraction of hair. Epilatorium (e-pil-at-o’-re-um)[L.]. An application for permanently removing hair. Epilatory (e-pi/-at-o-re) [e, out of; pilus, a hair]. I. Extracting the hairs; depilatory. 2. An epilatorium. Epilemma (eft-e-lem/-ah) [ští, upon; Aéupua, husk: pl., tº Tog, Bºilemmaſa]. The neurilemma of very small branches or funiculi of nerve-filaments. Epilepsia (ep-e-left/-se-a/ ). See Bfilepsy. E. cur- siva. See Epilepsy, Accelerative. E. gravis. See Grand mal. E. larvata. See Epilepsy, Masked. E. mitis. See Petit mal. E. saltatoria. Synonym of Chorea. E. vertiginosa, Petit mal, g. v. Epilepsy (ep/-iſ-ep-se) [ští%mptg, a laying hold of]. A nervous affection characterized by sudden loss of con- sciousness and power of coördination of motion with tonic and clonic convulsions, the paroxysms lasting but a short time. This form of the disease is the “true '’ affection, the haut mal or grand mal of the French. The petit mal (abortive epilepsy, epileptic vertigo) is less severe, and may consist of only a slight loss of consciousness, with retained coördination of motion. The so-called epileptiform seizure is a local- ized convulsion without loss of consciousness. See Apilepsy, Jacksonian. An epileptic seizure is often introduced by an azura, a peculiar sensation preceding the spasmodic seizure, which is quickly followed by the characteristic epileptic cry. The origin of the epileptic attack is in all probability a powerful dis- charge of energy from the cortical cerebral cells. The disease is most common in females, and is influenced by heredity and age; it is rare for it to occur after forty years of age. Traumatism and severe mental strain may act as exciting causes. E., Accelerative, Apiſepsia cursiva, epilepsy in which the patient runs before falling down in a fit. E., Acute Infantile, a name given to the eclampsia of infants. E., Cardiac, paroxysmal tachycardia. E., Cortical. See AE., /acksonian. E., Focal. See E., Jack- sonian. E., Jacksonian, spasmodic contractions in certain groups of muscles due to local disease of the cortex, always confined to one-half of the body and with retention of consciousness. E., Masked, A. Jarvata, the less severe form of true epilepsy, in which the patient does not fall. E., Partial, A., Jacksonian, 7. v. E., Peripheral. Same as A., Jacksonian. E., Pleural. See Pleural. E., Procursive, there is propulsion of the body in some special direction. E., Reflex, due to some reflex neurosis. E. of the Retina, a temporary anemia of the retina occasionally observed during an epilepti- form seizure. E., Saturnine, epileptiform convulsions due to lead-poisoning. E., Sensory, 7%alamic epilep- 434 Epileptiginous (ep-iſ-ep-tij/-in-us). EPINASTY sy; a form of epilepsy in which sensory disturbances predominate ; it is believed to be due to a lesion of the optic thalamus. E., Spinal, paroxysms of clonic spasm in the lower extremities sometimes observed in the course of spastic paraplegia. E., Symptomatic. See A., Jacksonian. E., Thalamic. See E., Sensory. E., Toxic, that induced by toxic substances in the blood. - Epileptic (ep-iſ-ep/-tik) [štížmpic, a laying hold of]. Pertaining to or like epilepsy. Also one affected with epilepsy. E. Aura. See Aura. E. Cry, the vocal sound or cry in epilepsy, from laryngeal spasm. E. Equivalents, instead of the convulsive attacks in epi- lepsy there may from time to time be transient psychic disturbances that consist in states of either excitement or depression. These are the so-called epileptic equiv- alents. E. Hemiplegia, sometimes follows the fit, especially after unilateral convulsions. E. Interval, the period of time between the epileptic paroxysms. During this period there are in the majority of cases, if not in all, some abnormal manifestations, as disorders in the cardiac rhythm, irregularity in the pupils, and cerebral disorders. E. Mania, slight maniacal tendencies fol- lowing or taking the place of the fit. E. Seizure. See Epilepsy. E. State, a state of profound and sometimes comatose depression, with frequently recur: ring epileptic attacks, often speedily fatal. E. Ver- tigo, giddiness is a common sensation of epilepsy, but is erroneously applied to attacks of minor epilepsy. Epilepticism (ep-iſ-ep/-täs-îzm) [štíAmbug, a laying hold of]. The epileptic state, or status epilepticus. Epileptiform (ep-iſ-ep'-tiform) [štížmptº, a laying hold of; forma, form]. Resembling epilepsy in the symp- toms. E. Tic, a variety of facial neuralgia accom- panied by spasmodic movements of the face. This occurs in the degenerative period of life, and espe- cially in those who present a decided family history of insanity. . - Same as Æpilepto- genzozas. Epileptogenous (eft-iſ-ep-fo/-em-us) [štážmplc, epilepsy; yevvāv, to produce]. Producing epilepsy. E. Zone, Brown-Séquard’s term for that portion of the skin of the face and neck of guinea-pigs which, if irritated after section of the spinal cord near the twelfth dorsal vertebra, will give rise in a short time to epileptiform convulsions. Epileptoid (ep-il-ep/-toid) [štížmpic, a laying hold of; eldog, likeness]. I. Resembling epilepsy. 2. A per- son subject to various nervous attacks of the general nature of epilepsy. Epilobium (ep-il-o'-be-um) [ští, upon ; Žoffóç, a pod, a lobe]. A genus of herbs including the willow-herb, a demulcent, tonic, and astringent drug. Epilose (ep/-iſ-às) [e, priv.; pilosus, hairy]. hair; bald. Epilymph (ep/-e-limſ) [ští, upon; ſympha, water]. The fluid between the bony and the membranous laby- rinths. Epimerite (ep-e-me/-rit) [ští, upon; umpóg, thigh]. In biology, an anterior, deciduous, proboscis-like, pre- hensile organ, attached to the protomerite or anterior segment of a septate gregarine. - Epimeron (eft-e-me/-ron) [štri, upon ; umpóg, thigh]. In biology, one of the lateral pieces helping to form the pleuron, or a part of the segment of an arthropod, often giving attachment to the legs. Epimylis (e-pin/-iſ-is) [ští, over; uížm, millstone]. The patella. Epinasty (ep’-e-mas-te) [&tſ, upon ; vadróg, pressed close]. In biology, curvature produced by excessive growth on the upper side of an extended organ. Without EPINEPHRITIS Epinephritis (ep-e-neſ-ri/-tis) [érè, upon; vegpög, kid- ney; it's]. Inflammation of a supra-renal capsule. Epineural (ep-e-nu/-ral) [ští, upon; veipov, a nerve]. In biology, applied to structures attached to a neural arch. Epineurium (ep-e-nu/-re-um) [ští, upon; veipov, a nerve]. The nerve-sheath, or sheath of any of the larger fascicles of nerve-tissue. Epinyctis (ep-in-i}/-tis) [&ti, upon; vić, night]. A pustule appearing or becoming worse at night. Epiopticon (ep-e-op’-tié-on) [ště, upon; brtucóg, of see- ing]. In biology, a ganglionic swelling in the optic nerve of insects (Hickson). Epiotic (ep-e-of/-īk) [štá, above; oig, ear]. above or on the cartilage of the ear. Epipastic (ep-e-pas/-tié) [štúráogetv, to sprinkle]. De- signed to be sprinkled upon some surface; sprinkled with some substance; applied to plasters sprinkled with some agent, as cantharides, used as a vesicant. Epipedometer (ep-e-pe-dom/-et-er) [Étiredov, surface; Aérpov, measure]. An instrument for use in measur- ing various complex deformities of the body. Epipetalous (ep-e-pet/-a/-us) [ští, upon; trétažov, leaf or petal]. In biology, applied to stamens or other structures when borne upon the petals. Epipharynx (ep-e-far/-inks) [ští, upon; pápvyš, pha- rynx]. In biology, the median projection on the internal surface of the upper lip of an insect. Epiphenomenon (ep-e-fe-nom/-en-on) [ští, on ; pat- v6/levov, phenomenon: pl. , Æðið/enomena]. An ex- ceptional sequence or unusual complication arising in the course of a disease. Epiphora (e-p://-or-ah) [&Tuftopá; £7tt, upon; pépetv, to bear]. A habitual or persistent overflow of tears, due to over-secretion or impeded outflow through the nor- mal channels of excretion. Lachrymation, g. v. Epiphyllous (ep-e-fi//-us) [ští, upon ; pºov, a leaf J. In biology, borne on a leaf, as certain fungi. Cf. Bpigenous. Epiphyseal, or Epiphysial (ep-e-ſiz/-e-al) [ští, upon ; piety, to grow]. Relating to or of the nature of an epiphysis. - Epiphyseitis (ep-e-fiz-e-i/-tis) [štíðvølç, an epiphysis; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of an epiphysis, or of the epiphyseal part of a bone. * Epiphysis (e-pif/-is-is) [ští, upon ; qūetv, to grow]. A process of bone attached for a time to another bone by cartilage, but in most cases soon becoming con- solidated with the principal bone. E. cerebri, the pineal gland. Epiphysitis (e-pif-is-i/-tis). See Fpiphyseitis. Epiphyte (ep’-e-fit) [ští, upon; pitov, a plant]. In biology, a plant growing on another plant, but not nourished by it; also, a parasitic plant living upon another plant; also, a plant parasitic upon an animal. Epiplasm (ep/-e-plazm) [štri, upon; tāāopia, plasma]. In the sporangium of many fungi, a part of the proto- plasm remaining after formation of the spores. Epiplastron (ep-e-plas/-trom) [éti, upon ; F., plastron, a breastplate]. In biology, one of the two anterior lateral plates of the plastron of a turtle; probably the homologue of the clavicle of other vertebrates. Epiplerosis (ep-e-ple-ro’-sis) [ští, upon; TAffpoolç, fill- ing]. Engorgement; repletion; distention. Epipleura (ep-e-plu'-rah) [ští, upon; Thevpá, a rib]. In biology, variously used to designate a structure su- perposed upon a rib, as the spines of certain fishes, the hooked processes or splint-bones passing from rib to rib in birds, or the inflexed outer border of a bee- tle's elytrum. Epiplexus (ep-e-pleks/-us) [štt, upon ; plexus, a net- work]. The choroid plexus of the epicele. Situated 435 EPISIOHEMATOMA Epiplocele (e-pip/-/o.se/) [étriºt?oov, caul; kážm, hernia]. Omental hernia. Epiploenterocele (e-pig-lo-en-ter/-o-sel)[štriºtăoov, caul; ëvrepov, intestine; Khºm, hernia]. . A hernia contain- ing both omentum and intestine. Epiploenteroöscheocele (ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o-os/-ke-o-se!) [&Túr?oov, caul; Švrepov, intestine; boreov, scrotum; kååm, hernia]. Intestinal and omental hernia into the SCrOtum. Epiploic (eſ-ip-lo/-ić) [&tiſtãoov, caul]. Relating or be- longing to the epiploën. - Epiploischiocele (ep-ip-lois/-ke-o-sel) [Étiſtãoov, caul; boxiov, hip; kážm, hernia]. Omental hernia through the sciatic notch or foramen. Epiploitis (e-pip-lo-i/-tis) [ÉiritWoov, caul; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the omentum; omental peritonitis. - Epiplomerocele (ep-ip-lo-mer/-o-sel) [Éritãoov, caul; pumpóc, thigh; káAm, hernia]. Femoral hernia contain- 1ng Omentum. Epiplomphalocele (ep-ip-lom-ſa/-o-sel)[štíTàoov, caul; öppažóg, navel; Khām, hernia]. Umbilical hernia with protruding omentum. § Epiploën (e-pip/-lo-on) [ští, upon; 6tt?.60g, double: fl., AEpiploa J. The great omentum. E., Gastro- colic, the great omentum. E., Gastro-hepatic, the lesser omentum. Epiploscheocele (ep-ip-los/-ke-o-sel) [štít?oov, caul; boxeov, scrotum; kážm, hernia]. Omental hernia descending into the scrotum. Epipodite (e-pip/-o-dit) [ští, upon; toig (Troö-), foot]. A third appendage of the limb of a crustacean, artic- ulating with the coxopodite, and passing into the branchial chamber; it is also called the ſlabellum. Epipodium (ºp-e-po'-de-um) [ští, upon ; Toig (Toë-), foot]. In biology, one of the lateral appendages of the foot in certain molluscs, as the wing-like structures of pteropods. Epipsyche (ep-is-i/-ke) [&Tí, after; juxi, soul]. plied by Haeckel to the oblongata proper. Epipteric (ep-if-ter/-ić) [ští, upon ; Trepév, a wing]. Situated over the alisphenoid. E. Bone. See Aozze. Epipterous (e-pip'-ter-us) [ští, upon; Trepév, a wing]. In biology, winged at the top ; applied to seeds. Epirrhizous (ep-e-ri’-zus) [Éſtí, upon; higa, root]. In biology, growing upon roots. Episcleral (eft-e-SA/e/-/a/) [šTá, upon ; ok?mpáç, hard, sclerotic]. Situated on the outside of the sclerotic COat. Episcleritis (ep-e-Séle-ri'-tis) [ští, upon; ok%mpóg, hard; trug, inflammation]. A localized inflammation of the subconjunctival tissues. Episeio- (eft-isſ-e-o-). For words thus beginning, see Apisio-. Episeioncus (eft-e-si-ong”-kus) [štíoetov, pubes; 6)'sog, a mass]. A tumor in the pubic region, or of the labia. Episeitis (ep-iz-e-i/-tis). See Episioitis. Episematic (ep-e-sem-at'-ik) [ští, upon ; oftua, a sign]. In biology, applied to that form of mimetic coloration which serves as a signal of recognition to other indi- viduals and thus enables them to escape ; as the white tail of the rabbit. (Poulton.) Episiocele (ep-e-si’-o-sel) [štriaetov, pubes; hernia]. Pudendal hernia; vulvar protrusion. Episioclisia (ep-e-si-o-Alis/-e-ah) [ćricetov, pubes; KWeiotç, locking, closure]. Surgical closure of the vulva. Episiohematoma (ep-e-si-o-hem-at-o’-wah) [štíoetov, pubes; alua, blood ; oua, tumor: fſ., Apisiohemato- mata]. Hematoma of the vulva or pudenda. Ap- K#7.7, EPISIOITIs Episioitis (ep-e-si-o-i/-tis) [&tiostov, pubes; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the pudenda. Episioplasty (ºp-e-si'-o-plas-te, [štíoetov, pubes; TAáo- oeuv, to form]. A plastic operation upon the pubic region, or on the vulva. Episiorrhagia (ep-e-si-or-a/-je-ah) [štíoetov, the pubes; b/yvival, to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the vulva. Episiorrhaphy (ep-e-si-or/-a-ſe) [štíoetov, pubes; bapi, seam]. An operation for the cure of prolapsed uterus or procidentia uteri. Episiostenosis (ep-e-si-o-ste-mo/-sis) [&trio'etov, pubes; orevóg, narrow]. Contraction or narrowing of the vulva, whether surgical or pathologic. Episiotomy (ep-is-e-of/-o-me) [štíoetov, vulva; Touff, section]. Incision through the vulva in childbirth, to prevent rupture of the perineum and to facilitate labor. Epispadias (ep-e-spad’-e-as) [ští, above ; otáelv, to pierce]. Abnormal opening of the urethra upon the upper part of the penis, either on the dorsum or on the glans. fºpispasis (e-pis/-pas-is) [ště, upon ; otáouc, a drawing]. An eruption or skin-affection due to medical treat- ment; a drug-exanthem. Epispastic (ep-e-spas/-tić) [ští, upon ; otáolg, a draw- ing]. I. Rubefacient, or vesicatory. 2. A vesica- tory or substance producing a blister. Episperm (ep/-e-sperm) [ští, upon; otéppia, seed]. In biology, the outer seed-coat, also called the testa. Episplenitis (ep-e-splen-i/-tis)[ští, upon; ot?fiv, spleen; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the fibrous coat of the spleen. Epistasis (e-pis/-tas-is) [ště, upon ; totaotal, to stand]. A scum or film of substance floating on the surface of Ulrine. Epistaxis (ep-is-taks/-īs) [étriotáſelv, to distill. Hemor- rhage from the nose. Episternite (ep-e-ster/-nit) [ští, upon; orépyov, breast- bone]. In biology, applied to the lateral pieces of the segment of an arthropod; a pleurite; specifically one of the valves of the ovipositor in orthopterous in- SectS. Episternum (ep-e-ster/-num) [ště, upon; otépwov, breast-bone]. In biology, variously applied to desig- nate a part above or anterior to the sternum; as the presternum of a mammal, the epiplastron of a turtle, or the anterior of the three pieces of the pleuron of an in- Sect. Epistoma (e-pis/-to-mah) [ští, upon ; GTóua, mouth]. In biology, variously used to designate some part placed above, or anterior to the mouth, as the osseous portion of the metope or facies of a macrurous crusta- cean, that lies immediately in front of the oral aper- ture. Epistrophe (e-pis/-tro-ſe) [ští, upon ; otpépetv, to turn]. In biology, applied to the arrangement assumed by chlorophyl-grains under the influence of light, on those surfaces of the cell-wall that are at right angles to the plane of incident light. Epistropheus (ep-is-tro/-ſe-us, e-pis/-fro-phüs) [&ttoſpo- petc.). A synonym of the axis, or second cervical vertebra. Epithalline (eft-e-tha/-īn)[ští, upon ; flaž%óg, a branch]. In biology, growing upon the thallus. Epitheca (ep-e-theſ-Kah) [ští, upon ; 0%km, a case]. In biology, a secondary calcareous investment or tegumen- tary secretion surrounding the theca of certain corals. Epithecium (ep-e-/he/-se-um) [ští, upon; 6%km, a case]. In biology, the surface of the fruiting-disc in certain lichens and fungi. Epithelial (ep-e-/he/-le-al) [ští, upon; 67%, a nipple]. Pertaining to epithelium ; made up of the elements of epithelium. E. Pearls. See Pearls. 436 EPIZOICIDE Epithelicell (ep-e-theſ-le-sel) [ští, upon; 67%, a nipple; cella, a cell]. An epithelial cell. Epithelioid (ep-e-the-le-oid) [ští, upon; 67%, nipple; elóog, likeness]. Resembling epithelium, Epithelioma (ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [ští, upon; 0.7%, nipple; 6pla, a tumor; pl., Epitheliomata]. Carcinoma involving skin or mucous membrane. E. mollus- cum. Synonym of Molluscum contagiosum. Epithelium (ep-e-the-le-um) [ští, upon ; 67%, nipple]. The cuticle or cellular-structure of mucous surfaces, and also of the skin of the body. E. chrotale, the ectoderm. E., Ciliated, a form in which the cells bear vibratile filaments or cilia at their free extremities. E., Columnar, distinguished by prismatic-shaped or columnar cells. E., Nucleated, consisting of cir- cular or hexagonal cells, each containing a nucleus. GOBLET-CELLs. SQUAMOUS-CELLS. E., Pavement, or Cuboidal, cubical or polygonal cells covering the surface like the stones of a pave- ment. E., Squamous, the cells have been reduced to flattened, scaly plates. E., Stratified, the cells are arranged in distinct layers. E., Tessellated. Same as E., Pavement. E., Transitional, inter- mediate between simple and stratified. - Epithem (ep/-īth-em) [štíðmua, a poultice; pl., Epithem- ata]. Any local application; as a compress, fomen- tation, lotion, or poultice; from this definition some writers exclude salves, plasters, and ointments. Epithema (ep-ith-e'-mah). See Epithem. Epithesis (e-pith/-es-is) [Étutifféval, to lay on]. surgical correction of deformed or crooked limbs. Epithyme (ep/-ith-im) [ště, upon; 69/10g, thyme]. The European plant, Cuscuta epithymum, so called as grow- ing parasitically upon thyme; it is said to be useful in melancholy, jaundice, and constipation. The Epithymia (ep-e-th?/-me-ah) [étiffvuía, longing]. Any natural longing or desire; a yearning. Epitrichium (ep-e-trik/-e-um) [ští, upon; Tpixtov, hair]. A superficial cellular layer of epidermis, found in embryonic and fetal life. Epitrochlea (ep-e-froż/-le-a/.) [Étri, upon ; Tpozºáa, a pulley]. The internal condyle of the humerus. Epixylous (e-pićs/-iſ-us) [ští, upon; #5%ov, wood]. In biology, applied to fungi or other plants that grow upon wood. Epizoicide (eft-e-zo/-is-id) [&ti, upon; £ºov, an animal; cºdere, to kill]. A drug or preparation that destroys external parasites. . EPIZOON Epizoön (ep-e-zo’-on) [ští, upon; ºftov, an animal: pl., Epizoa J. An animal living as a parasite upon another; an external parasite, as distinguished from an Antozoön. Epizoötic (ºp-e-zo-o!’-i}) [ští, upon; ©ov, animal]. I. Affecting the lower animals epidemically. 2. A con- tagious,or generally prevalent disease affecting animals. Epizoöty (ep-e-zo/-o-te) [éti, upon; Kºſov, animal]. An epizoötic disease. Eponychium (ep-o-mik/-e-um) [ští, upon ; Śvvš, finger- nail]. A horny condition of the epidermis from the second to the eighth month of fetal life, indicating the position of the future nail. Eponym (ep/-o-miya) [ćTóvvuog, named after a person]. A term derived from the name of a person. See Zable of Eponymic Diseases, under Disease. Epoophorectomy (ep-o-o-for-e/-to-me) [štrøðpopov, epoëphoron; Šktopuſ, excision]. Surgical removal of the epoèphoron. Epoophoron (ep-o-off’-or-on) [ští, upon; ©opópoç, lay- ing eggs]. Same as Parovarium. Epostoma (ep-os-to-mah) [ští, upon ; botéov, bone]. An exostosis. - Epsilon-bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Epsom Salts (ep/-sum). See Magnesium. Epstein's Dressing. A method of dressing the um- bilical cord. It consists of the ordinary linen quad- rangular belly-plastron with a central cap-like recepta- cle for the umbilical stump. Epulis (ep-zz/-lis) [ért, upon; otºa, the gums]. A hard, fibrous tumor of the alveolar processes of the jaws. Epulosis (ep-u-lo/-sis) [Étoi/ootç: štá, upon; oijäff, scar]. Cicatrization; a cicatrix. Epulotic (ep-u-lot/-ić) [ští, upon; oiâ%, scar]. I. Promoting epulosis or cicatrization. 2. A remedy or application that promotes the healing of wounds or SOreS. Equation (e-kwa/-2hum) [.æquare, to make equal]. In chemistry, a collection of symbols so arranged as to indicate that if the bodies represented by the symbols be brought together a chemic reaction will take place. E., Personal, an allowance for individual peculiarity or error in an observer's work, in order to render it approximately accurate. - Equator (e-kwa/-tor) [.æquare, to make equal]. An imaginary circle surrounding a sphere. E. of a cell, the boundary of the plane through which division takes place. E. of the eye, the aquator oculi ; the boundary of the transverse and central vertical plane of the eye. E. of a Lens, the angular edge at the meeting of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens. Equatorial (e-Avva-tor’-e-al) [.æquare, to make equal]. Pertaining or belonging to an equator. E. Plate. See Aaryokinesis and Plate. Equilibration (e-que-lib-ra/-shum) [.æquilibrare, to bal- ance equally]. Equipoise; even balance. Equilibrism (e-quiſ/-iö-rizm) [.æquilibris, evenly bal- anced]. The opinion that every voluntary act may be counteracted by an opposing inhibitory volition. Equilibrium (e-Awe-lib/-re-um) [.æquus, equal; libro, balance]. An even balancing of a body or condition. E., Stable, when, after slight disturbance, the body will return to its original condition or position. E., Unstable, when it will not so return. Equination (e-kwin-a/-shun) [equinus, of a horse]. I. Inoculation with the virus of equine smallpox. 2. Inoculation with the virus of equinia. Equinia (e-kwin/-e-ah) [equus, a horse]. - Glanders. Farcy. A contagious, specific disease, with both local and general symptoms, derived from the horse or ass. It affects chiefly the skin, mucous membranes and 437 ERECTION lymphatics, and begins with a purulent nasal discharge, the respiratory, ocular and oral membranes being fur- ther successively involved. It is of microbic origin. See Bacillus mallei, in Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Equinist (e^-AEwin-ist) [equus, a horse]. One who be- lieves in the equine origin of a disease, e. g., of tetanus. Equipollent (e-Awift/-o-lenſ) [.æquus, equal; pollere, to be strong]. Of equal power or efficiency; said, for example, of opposing muscles, or of parents in their influence upon offspring. Equisetum (ek-wis-e'-tum) [equus, a horse; sacſa, bris- tle]. A genus of cryptogamous plants; the horse- tails, or scouring rushes. E. hiemah and E. palustre, of Europe and N. America, are reputed to be effective and harmless diuretics. Equitant (eA/-wif-ant) [equitare, to ride]. In biology, literally, riding. Applied to leaves, like those of the iris, which are vertical and folded lengthwise, so that each leaf, toward the base, overlaps or straddles the next; also applied to the longitudinally folded anten- nae of certain insects. Equivalence, Equivalency (e-Awiz'-a/-ems, e-quiz'-al- en-se) [.æquus, equal ; valere, to be worth]. Equality of valence or saturating-power. See Valence. In chemistry, the property possessed by an element or radical of combining with another element or radical or of replacing it in a compound body in definite and unalterable proportions. It is sometimes used as syno- nymous with valence or quantivalence. Equivalent (e-Åwiz'-a/-ent) [.æquus, equal; valere, to be worth]. Of equal valency. E. Focus. See Aocus. Equivocal (e-Åwiv/-o-kal) [.æquus, equal ; vox, sound]. Of doubtful significance, as equivocal symptoms. Eradication (e-rad-ik-a/-shun) [e, out; radicare, to root]. Complete or thorough removal. Eradiculose (e-rad-i}/-u-lós) [e, priv.; radicula, a rootlet]. In biology, destitute of rootlets or rhizoids. Erasene (er/-as-em) [eradere, to scratch out; from the power of erasing grease-spots]. A trade-name for California abietene. See Abietene. Erasion (e-ra/-zhun) [e, out; radere, to scrape]. act of scraping or cureting. Erb's Point. See Point. E. Reaction of degener- ation. Deviation from the normal formula of muscu- lar response to galvanism. E. “Upper-arm type ’’ of palsy. A myotrophy characterized by paralysis of the deltoid and often of the supraspinatus and infra- spinatus, the biceps, brachialis anticus, and the Supin- ators. See Diseases, 7able of Erbium (ur’-be-um) [L.]. A rare element; symbol Er. See Elements, Table of . Erdmann's Test. See Tests, Table of. Erdmann and Uslar's Test. See Tests, 7able of Erect (e-rekt') [erectus, set up]. Upright; in the state of erection. E. Posture. See Postures, Table of. Erecthites (e-reš-thi’-tez) [épexbit/ſ, groundsell. A genus of composite plants. E. hieracifolia. Fire- weed ; a coarse composite-flowered plant common in waste-lands in N. America; it is astringent and tonic. Unof. - Erectile (e-re/-fi/) [erigere, to set up). Pertaining to or possessing the characteristic stiffening, rigidity, or erection. E. Glossitis. See Glossitis, Parenchy- matous. E. Tissue, that which is capable of erection; consisting of a network of expansile capillaries that under stimulus becomes engorged with blood. Erection (e-re&’-shun) [e, igere, to set up]. The con- dition of temporary and functional fulness and firm- ness of the penis, clitoris, etc., due to sexual excite- ment, friction, etc., the mechanism consisting in an overfilling of the blood-vessels with inhibition of the The ERECTOPATENT return circulation. E.-center. See Center. E., Persistent. Synonym of Priapism, g. v. 3 rectopatent (e-rek-to-pa/-tent) [erectus, erect; patens, spreading]. In biology, intermediate between erect and spreading, as the fore-wings of a butterfly in repose. Erector (e-re/-tor) [erigere, to erect]. Any muscle, the function of which it is to erect or elevate a part. See Muscles, Table of E. pili, the unstriped mus- cular fibers causing the erection of the hair and the phenomenon called goose:ſlesh or goose-skin. Eremacausis (er-em-ak-aw'-sis) [ºpeſia, slowly ; Kai- ouc, burning]. Slow oxidation or gradual decay, without combustion. Eremoblast (er-eſ-mo-blast) [épìuoç, solitary; 3%aoTóg, a germ, sprout]. A unicellular plant. Eremophobia (er-em-o-fo/-be-ah) [epiuoc, desolate; pó8og, fear]. The same as Agoraphobia, 7. 2. Erethin (er/-e-thin) [Épetišeuv, to irritate]. The name given by Klebs to that constituent of tuberculin which occasions fever. Erethism (er/-e-thizm), Erethismus (er-e-thiz'-mus) [épéthouáç, irritation]. An abnormal heightening of nervous irritability. E. ebriosorum. Synonym of AX:/irium tremens. E. hydrophobia. Synonym of Aydrophobia. E. tropicus. See Insolation. Erethismal (er-e-thiz'-mal) [Épetuouáç, irritation]. Of the nature of an erethism. Erethismic (er-e-thiz'-mić), or Erethistic (er-e-this/-tik) [épetºlogég, irritation]. Relating to, or affected with, erethism. Erg [épyov, work]. See Blectric Units. Ergasionania (ur-gas-e-o-ma/-ne-ah) [épyaaſa, work; Havia, madness]. Mania for performing operations. Ergasiophobia (ur-gas-e-o-fo/-be-ah) [épyaata, work; 9630g, fear]. Timidity in operating. A dread of operations. Ergogenesis (ur-go-jen’-es-is) [épyov, work; yévêqug, production]. Same as Ergogeny. Ergogenetic (ur-go-gen-et/-ić) [épyov, work; yévêoug, production]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, er- gogeny. Ergogeny (ur-go/-en-e) [épyov, work; yévêqug, produc- tion]. In biology, the energy, both potential and kinetic, involved in the adaptive processes of living organisms; it includes both Áinetogeny and stadogeny (Ryder). Ergograph (ur/-go-graf) [épyov, work; Ypáſhelv, to write]. A recording ergometer. An instrument for recording the extent of movement produced by a con- tracting muscle, or the amount of work it is capable of doing. Ergometer (ur-gom/-et-er) [Épyov, work; piérpov, meas- ure]. A variety of dynamometer. Ergostat (ur/-go-stat) [äpyov, work; iotăval, to stand]. An apparatus for testing muscular strength. Ergot, or Ergota (ur/-got, or ur-go’-tah) [Fr., ergot, a spur: gen., AErgota]. I. In farriery, the horny stub below the pastern joint, hidden by the fetlock of the horse. 2. The hippocampus minor. 3. A fungus, Claviceps purpurea, parasitic upon rye. It contains sphacelinic acid, ergotimic acid, and cornutin, to which its properties are due. It is a powerful excito-motor, hemostatic, and gastro-intestinal irritant, but is used most frequently to promote uterine contraction in childbirth. It is valuable internally in amenorrhea and atonic spermatorrhea ; topically in gonorrhea, conjunctivitis and inflammations of mucous mem- branes. Its effects are most prompt by hypo- dermatic injection. Dose gr. x–3.j. E., Ext., Fld., prepared with dilute hydrochloric acid, alcohol, and water. Dose 3 ss—ij. E., Ext., Liquid (B. P.). 438 ERODENT Dose mux-xxx. E., Ext.,-Ergotin. Dose gr. ii-xx, hypodermatically gr. 4.—v. E., Infus. (B. P.). Dose 3 j—ij. Injectio Ergotinae Hypodermica (B.P.), ergotin I, camphor-water, 2. Dose subcutaneously miij–x. E., Tinctura (B. P.). Dose mux–3.j. E., Vinum, 15 per cent. Dose 3.j-3.j. Sclerotinic Acid, thought to be identical with ergotinic acid. Ergotin (ur/-go-lin) [Fr., ergot, a spur]. I. A precip- itate or extract prepared from the tincture of Secale cereale ; it is an emmenagogue, and parturient. Dose T's to 3 grain, repeated as may be needed. Unof. The name is applied in commerce to many different preparations of ergot; often to the extractum ergota, * 2. Csohisa N,Os. An amorphous, brown alkaloid found in ergot. It is probably the same as ecbolin. Ergotinin (ur-got'-in-in) [Fr., ergot, a spur], Cash ſo- N,Os. An alkaloid from ergot of rye, occurring in white needles; it is effective in hemorrhage, in erysip- elas, and in certain brain-affections. For hypoder- matic injection, sº to #s gr. is used, dissolved in lactic acid and water. Ergotism (urº-got-izm) [Fr., ergot, a spur]. The con- stitutional effects of overdoses of ergot or of the per- sistent use of food containing ergot. These are mani- fested by severe cramps, chiefly in the muscles of the leg, ending in tonic contraction of these muscles—the spasmodic form; and secondly by gangrene of the ex- tremities—the gangrenous form. The symptoms may be acute or chronic. See Pellagra. Ergotol (ur/-got-ö/) [Fr., ergot, a spur]. A proprietary liquid preparation of ergot, recommended for hypo- dermatic injection. Ergten (erg/-ten) [špyov, work]. See Electric Units. Erianthous (er-e-an/-thus) [šptov, wool; &v6oc, flower]. In biology, woolly-flowered. Erichsen’s Disease. See Diseases, Æponymic Table of E. Operation. See Operations, Zable of - Ericolin (er-i}/-o-lin) [Épeikm, heath], Cs, HsO2]. A substance found in Uva ursi. It is an amorphous, yellowish glucosid with a bitter taste, yielding with diluted acids sugar and an essential oil—zersome. Erigeron (er-ij/-er-on) [#ptyépov, groundsel : gen., Erigerontis]. Fleabane. The plant E. canadense, having physiologic actions like those of oil of turpen- tine, but less irritant. It is efficient as a hemostatic in menorrhagia. E. bellidifolium and E. philadel- phicum afford similar oils, and have the same proper- ties. E., Ol., the essential volatile oil of erigeron. Dose mux–3 ss. Unof. Eringo (er-ing/-o). See Eryngo. Eriodictyon (er-e-o-dić’-te-on) [šptov, wool; 6iktvov, a net]. Yerba Santa or Mountain - balm. The leaves of E. glutinosum, a shrub of California, an excellent expectorant, and valuable as an excipient for quinin, the taste of which it largely conceals. It is useful in bronchial affections. E., Ext. Fld. Dose muxv-3j. E., Ext. Dose gr. ii-x. E. tomentosum and E. angustifolium have the same uses. The latter are unofficial. Eriophorous (er-e-off’-or-us) [šptov, wool; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, wool-bearing. Eriophyllous (er-e-off’-i/-us) [šptov, wool; ºv2%v, a leaf J. In biology, woolly-leaved. Erlangen Blue. Same as Berlin Blue. Erlau Green. Same as Bremen Green. Erlicki's Fluid. A hardening-fluid used especially for tissues of the central nervous system. It consists of potassium bichromate, 2.5 parts; cupric sulphate, O.5 parts; water, IOO parts. * Erodent (e-ro/-dent)[e, out; rodere, to gnaw]. I. Caus- tic; causing erosion. 2. A caustic application or agent. EROGENIC Erogenic, or Erogenous (er-o-jen’-ić or er-oj/-en-us) [èpoc, love; yewvāv, to produce]. Producing or stimulating the sexual appetite. Eromania (er-o-ma/-ne-ah). See Erotomania. Erose (e-rós') [erodere, to gnaw off]. In biology, irregularly toothed, as if gnawed. Erosion (e-ro’-2/kun) [erosio, erodere, to eat out]. Disintegration of tissue by mechanical, chemic, or morbid action. E. of the Cervix, an ulcerated condition of the neck of the womb resulting from chronic endometritis. It is also called ulceration or granular degeneration of the cervix. Erostrate (e-rosſ-trat) [e, priv; rostrum, a beak]. In biology, not beaked. Erotia (e-ro'-she-ah) [L.]. A genus of composite-flow- ered plants. E. lanata, white sage or winter-fat; a composite-flowered forage-plant of the Western U. S. : valued locally in intermittent fevers. Unof. Erotic (er-of/-i}) [époc, love]. Pertaining to the sex- ual passion. Eroticism (er-of/-is-izm) [Époc, love]. An erotic disposition; erotic display; tendency to erotomania. Eroticomania (er-o-tić-o-ma/-ne-ah) [éporticóg, loving; gavía, madness]. Same as Ærotomania. Erotocism (er-of/-o-sizm). Same as Erotomania, Q. v. Erotomania (er-of-o-ma/-ne-a/.) [8poç, love; uavia, madness]. Morbid, abnormal exaggeration of love generally; more limited to the imaginative than to the carnal aspect of the sentiment; insanely-perverted sex- ual feeling. See Aymphomania and Satyriasis. E. personalis. Synonym of Satyriasis and of Aympho- mania. Erotomaniac (er-of-o-ma/-ne-aē) [épôc, love; uavia, madness]. A patient who is afflicted with erotomania. Erratic (er-at/-ä) [erraticus, wandering]. Moving about from place to place ; irregular ; Strange or un- usual; eccentric, peculiar. Errhine (er/-in) [Év, in ; bic, the nose]. I. Causing discharges from the nose. 2. A medicine that, applied to the mucous membrane of the nose, increases nasal secretions. A sternutatory. Error (er/-or) [L., “wandering ”]. Displacement or perversion in any function; aberration, mental or optic. Erskine’s Method. See Treatment, Methods of Erubescence (er-u-àes/-ems) [erubescentia, blushing]. Redness of the skin. Eruca (er-ooº-kah) [L., a caterpillar; a colewort]. . A genus of cruciferous plants. E. sativa, the garden rocket, an herb of Asia and Europe, used as a salad. It is a stimulant and diuretic, and is considered to be aphrodisiac and galactagogue. Unof. Erucic Acid (er-oo/-sić). See Acid. Eruciform (er-oo’-siform) [eruca, a caterpillar; forma, form]. In biology, said of larvae, spores, etc., that are shaped like a caterpillar. Erucivorous (er-u-siv/-or-us) [eruca, a caterpillar; vorare, to eat]. In biology, applied to birds and other animals that feed upon caterpillars. Eructation (e-ruk-ta/-shun) ſeructare, to belch]. Belch- Ing. Erugation (er-oo-ga/-shun) ſerugatio, e, out; ruga, wrinkle]. The removal of wrinkles. Erugatory (er-oo/-gat-or-e) [e, out; ruga, a wrinkle]. I. Tending to remove wrinkles. 2. A remedy for wrinkles. Erugineous (er-oo-jin/-e-us). Same as Eruginous. Eruginose (er-ooº-jin-às). Same as Eruginous. Eruginous (er-oo/-jin-us) [.æruginosus, arugo, rust]. Having the nature or the color of verdigris. Erumpent (e-rum/-pent) [erumpere, to break out]. In biology, applied to parts or organs that appear as if bursting out. 439 / constitutional symptoms. ERYTHEMA Eruption (e-rup/-shun) ſerumpere, to burst out]. A bursting forth of any kind or from any part, but ap- plied especially to the chief symptom of certain skin- diseases, consisting in pimples, vesicles, rash, etc.; the breaking forth of a tooth from the gum. Eruptive (e-rup/-tiv) ſerumpere, to burst out]. At- tended by an eruption, as an eruptive fever. Eruthrocyte (er-ath/-ro-sit). Incorrect form of Ery- throcyte, 7.2/. Eryngo (er-ing/-go) [mpiyym, a thistle]. Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Aryngium, especially E. campestre and E. maritimum of Europe. These plants, with others of the genus, were formerly made into sweetmeats, and were regarded as polychrest remedies, but were especially prized as aphrodisiacs. Unof. Erysipelas (eſ -is-ip/-el-as) [Épv6póg, red; Té2%a, skin]. An acute, specific, constitutional febrile disease, with a peculiar redness and inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, generally of the face. It is due to streptococci. The period of incubation varies from a few hours to three or four days. The symptoms are an initial chill or rigor, malaise, high temperature, vomiting or nausea, and the characteristic rash, with a well-defined margin, upon the skin. It may termin- ate fatally. Albumin may appear in the urine. At the conclusion of the attack desºluamation takes place, either branny or in flakes. The development of ery- sipelas is favored by filth, over-crowding, and defective ventilation. One attack rather predisposes to subse- quent attacks. E. carbunculosum. Synonym of Anthrax. E. malignum internum, an acute, Sup- purative, rapidly spreading inflammation of cellular tissue beginning in the pelvis after parturition. It is one form of puerperal fever. It is usually rapidly fatal. Antisepsis properly applied at the time of delivery will prevent its occurrence. E. migrans, andering erysipelas. E. phlegmonodes, a form of Å. in which there is pus-formation, with marked E., Recurrent, pseudo-ery- sipelas, a frequent disease in strumous children, but oc- curring also in adults, and especially in women. It is entirely confined to the face, especially around the nose and upper lip, and is unattended with marked consti- tutional symptoms. It is not amenable to treatment, and is very prone to recur. E. simplex, the ordinary facial form of erysipelas. E. suffusum. Synonym of Erythema. E., Wandering, a chronic or sub- chronic form in which the process successively disap- pears from one part of the body to appear at another art. Eºpelatous (er-is-ip-e/-at-us) [epv606g, red; Té2%a, skin]. Of the nature of or affected with erysipelas. Erysipeloid (er-is-ip-e/-oid) [špv60óg, red; Té%%a, skin; eiðoc, likeness]. A peculiar affection of the palms of the hands or soles of the feet, characterized by zones of violaceous-red eruption with burning and itching; it is due to wound-infection. Erythanthema (er-ith-an/-the-ma/) [špv6póg, red; ăvômua, a flowing]. A skin-disease marked by red- ness. The term is variously applied by some to denote an eruptive disease depending upon vaso-motor, or other nervous disorder. It is used to designate a class of cutaneous efflorescences that have in common a basis of erythema. Erythema (er-ith-e'-mah) ["Epíðmua, a blush]. Rose rash : a redness of the skin that may be made to dis- appear temporarily by pressure. E. ab igne, a form of Æ, hyperemicum produced by the constant irrita- tion of artificial heat. It occurs as rings and gyrate patterns on the front of the legs, and is of a deep-red color, gradually becoming browner in tint. This pig- ERYTHEMA 440 mentation is permanent. E. annulare, a form of E. ' multiforme in which the lesions shrink and desºluamate at the center, but continue to extend at the periphery by a raised margin. It is also called E. circinatum, These rings may wander over the entire body, intersect- ing each other and forming elaborate figures with cres- centic edges (E. gyratum). Occasionally new rings develop concentrically around older ones. The forms and varieties of color produced give rise to the name A. iris. E. bullosum. See A. vesiculosum. E. circinatum. See E. annulare. E. congestivum, B. hyperamicum, a mere congestion of the skin; the simplest form of erythema. Swelling is absent or in- significant in the congested areas, and the tint of red- ness varies from the brightest red to a rosy or purple hue. E. endemicum. See Pel/agra. E., Epi- demic. See Acrodynia. E. exudativum, an acute or sub-acute non-contagious, inflammatory skin-disease, characterized by the development of symmetrically distributed, raised erythematous patches, usually dis- crete, varying greatly in form and size, accompanied by slight transudation of blood or by copious hemor- rhage into the skin, occasionally terminating as vesicles or blebs, and specially liable to relapse. This may be attended with constitutional rheumatic symp- toms. E. figuratum, is marked by efflorescence in gyrate lines. E. fugax, a variety of Æ. hyperamicum ; it consists in a transitory redness of a patchy charac- ter, suddenly appearing on the face and trunk of young individuals and gradually disappearing in a few min- utes or hours. It is frequently associated with indi- gestion, worms, etc. E. furfuracea. Synonym of Aºyriasis rosea. E. gangraenosum, a term applied to spontaneous patches of Superficial gangrene or ulceration seen chiefly in hysterical women. They are undoubtedly self-induced, and are asymmetric, usually on the left side, and in easily accessible positions. E. gyratum. See E. annulare. E. hyperaemicum. See A. congestivum. E. induratum, a variety of Æ. exudativum attacking the calf, or the leg immediately below, more frequently than the front of the legs.” It occurs either in diffuse, ill-defined patches or in nodules, bright-red at first but gradually assuming a violet hue. The nodules may be superficial or deep, a quarter of an inch to an inch or more in diameter, and may be slowly absorbed, or necrose and slough out, leaving a very indolent ulcer. The condition is most common in strumous individuals. E. intertrigo, inter- trigo, eczema intertrigo, a chronic form of E. hy- peramicum resulting from pressure or the rubbing to- gether of folds of skin. It is common in infants and fat adults. E. iris, Aerpes iris. See AE. annulare. E. keratodes, a diffuse condition of tylosis of the palms and Soles. E. leve, a common skin-affection, a variety of E. hyperamicum, likely to appear upon the tense skin of dropsical parts. It may go on to derma- titis and sloughing. E. marginatum, an infrequent variety of Æ. mul/iforme, which generally begins as a flat disc a quarter or half an inch in diameter, and very rapidly enlarges at the periphery, subsiding pari passu in the center. It joins similar adjacent lesions, and in a few days traverses the circumference of a limb, or a large area on the trunk, leaving a fawn-colored pig- mentation that slowly disappears. E. multiforme, A. Ao/ymorphe; a variety of Æ. exudativum, common in young adults of either sex, and appearing especially in spring and autumn. The eruption first appears almost invariably on the backs of the hands and feet thence spreading to the forearms and legs. In severe cases the trunk and face, and even the mucous mem- branes may be affected. The lesions consist of flat or slightly convex papules, sharply defined, deep-red or Erythrasma (er-ith-raz/-mah) [épv6póg, red]. ERYTHRASMA purplish in color, varying in size from a pin's head up, partially disappearing on pressure. This is the com- monest form (AE. papulatum). If the papules coalesce to form larger lesions the condition is described as E. tuberculatum. E. nodosum, dermatitis contusiformis; a further development of E. tuberculatum, Multiple (seldom more than a dozen) raised, rosy patches, round or oval in the direction of the limb, from one- half to three inches in diameter, suddenly develop along both tibiae, and often along the ulnar side of the forearms. They are exquisitely tender, tense and shin- ing. The condition chiefly occurs in children and deli- cate young women. See Bacillus of Demme under Bac- teria, Synonymatic Table of E. papulatum. See E. multiforme. E. paratrimma, the erythema that ap- pears over a bony prominence, etc., immediately before the formation of a bed-sore. It is a variety of E. Ayperamicum. E. pellagrosum. A synonym of Pellagra. E. pernio. See Pernio. E. polymorphe. See B. multiforme. E. purpuricum, Purpura throm- botica, a variety of erythema resembling Peliosis rheumatica, but characterized by its erythematous ap- pearance and the absence of alteration by pressure. It is attended with no general symptoms, or with slight pains in some of the joints, or with edema of the legs. E. roseola, a variety of Æ. hyperamicum , it consists in the development of congestive patches of a delicate rose-color, scarcely raised above the surface of the skin, varying in size from a split-pea to a finger- nail, and either diffused over the whole surface of the body or in figured groups. It is common in young children in association with digestive troubles. Its different stages have been called Æoseola infantilis, astivalis, autumnalis, annulata, but these terms are not now generally used. E. scarlatiniforme, a variety of E. hyperamicum ; it appears as a vivid, punctiform eruption, sharply defined in places, attended with high temperature, often seen after injuries or sur- gical operations. It is followed by furfuraceous des- quamation. E. scarlatiniforme descluamativum, a more pronounced form of E. scarlatiniforme, with a greater tendency to be diffuse instead of punctiform, of longer duration, and with a great liability to recur at certain seasons. The mucous membranes are often in- volved and desquamation occurs in large flakes. E. simplex, a variety of E. hyperamicum, characterized by a congestive redness of moderate intensity. It appears as diffuse or circumscribed, variously-sized lesions, which are usually not raised above the integ- ument. It may be idiopathic or symptomatic; and if the latter, brought about by a great number of external irritants, including heat and cold, etc. E. solare, E. simplex due to the heat of the sun. E. tuberculatum. See E. multiforme. E. tuberosum. Same as E. tuberculatum. E. urticans, the early or pink stage of the urticarial wheal. It is a variety of E. hyperamicum. E. vesiculosum, the occur- rence of vesication in the progress of E. multiforme. If the blebs are large the condition is termed E. bullosum. Erythematous (er-ith-em/-at-us) [špúðmua, a blush]. Of the nature of erythema. Erythemoid (er-ith-em/-oid), Erythematoid (er-ith- em/-at-oid) [Épíðmua, erythema; eiðog, resemblance]. Resembling erythema. A rare disease of the skin, always attacking the axillae or in- guinal regions, or the nates. It forms reddish or brownish, sharply defined, slightly raised, descuamat- ing patches, that cause no itching or inconvenience. It is due to the microörganism, Microsporom minutis- simum, and is readily curable. ERYTHREMELALGIA Erythremelalgia (er-itſ-rem-el-a/-je-ah). thromelalgia. Erythremia (er-ith-re/-me-a/.) blood J. I. The normal condition of the arterial blood. 2. Arterial blood in the veins. Erythrin (er/-ith-rin) [éputpóc, red], CooH,010. An ether-like derivative of orsellinic acid. It occurs in the lichen Roccella fusciformis, and is extracted from it by means of milk of lime It crystallizes with 1% molecules of water and is soluble with difficulty in hot water. Exposure to the air causes it to assume a red color. Erythrina (er-ith-ri’-mah) [Épv6póc, red]. A genus of leguminous trees, shrubs and herbs, of some 25 species, three or more of which grow in the U. S. E. coral- lodendron, coral tree of tropical America, is sedative, hypnotic, diuretic, purgative, vermifuge and pectoral. Other species have similar properties. Unof. Erythrine (er/-ith-rin) [Épuffb6g, red]. Red. Erythrism (er/-ith-rizºn) [Épvtpóg, red]. In biology, applied to conditions of dichromatism in which the normal colors of the integument are affected by an excess of red pigment, as often shown in the plumage of a bird. Erythrite (er/-ith-riſ). See AErythrol. Erythroblast º [éputpóg, red; 3%aotóg, germ]. A rudimentary red blood-corpuscle. Erythrocarpus (er-ith/-ro-Aar/-pus) [Épv6póg, red; Kaptróg, fruit]. In biology, red-fruited. Erythrochloropia (er-it/-ro-Alo-ro'-pe-ah) [Épv6póg, red; 3%póg, green; &lp, eye). A form of subnormal color-perception in which green and red are the only colors correctly distinguished. - Erythrochloropy (er-ith/-ro-Alor’-o-pe) [Épv6póc, red; 2%póg, green]. Ability to distinguish red and green colors only. Erythrocruorin (er-ith/-ro-Aru/-or-in) [špv6póg, red; cruor, blood]. Same as Hemoglobin. - Erythrocyte (er-ith/-ro-sit) ſiming, red; kvróg, cell]. A red blood-corpuscle. Erythrocytosis (er-ith/-ro-si-to/-sis) [špv606c, red; kvróg, cell]. The formation of red blood-corpuscles. Erythrodermia (er-ith/-ro-der/-me-ah) [Épvtpóc, red; Öépua, skin]. Abnormal redness of the skin. Erythrodermitis (er-ith/-ro-der-mi'-tis) [Épv6póc, red; ôépua, skin; tric, inflammation]. A chromoder- matosis characterized by erythema and superficial dermatitis. Erythrodextrin (er-ith/-ro-deks/-trim) [Épv60óg, red; dexter, right]. A dextrin formed by the action of saliva on starch. It yields a red color with iodin. Erythrogen (er-ith/-ro-jen) [špv6póg, red; yewvāv, to produce]. A green substance that has been found in unhealthy bile, and which (apparently without good reason) has been regarded as “the base of the color- ing-matter of the blood.” Erythroglucin (er-ith-ro-glu’-sin). See Erythrol. Erythrogranulose (er-ith-ro-gram/-u-lós) [Špv6póg, red; granulum, a little grain]. A granular substance, found in starch-grains, coloring red with iodin. Erythroid (er/-ith-roid) [špv6póg, red; elóoç, re- semblance]. Reddish; of a red color. Erythrol (er/-ith-rol) [Épv6póc, red], C, HioC),. Also called Erythroglucin, Erythrite or Phycite. A princi- ple which exists as erythrin (orsellinate of erythrite) in many lichens and some algae. It forms large quadratic crystals that dissolve readily in water, with difficulty in alcohol, and are insoluble in ether. It is a poly- hydric alcohol with a sweet taste melting at 126° C. and boiling at 330° C. Erythrolein (er-ith-ro'-le-in) [špv6póg, red; oleum, oil], C28H22O4. A fatty liquid compound contained in See Ery- [èpv60óg, red; alpa, 441 ERYTHROXYLON litmus. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and alkalies, and in dyeing yields a purple color. Erythrolitmin (er-ith-ro-lit'-min) [Épv6póg, red; Dan., Zac, lac ; moes, pulp], Coghia;Ola. A red coloring- matter obtained from litmus ; it is crystalline and soluble in alcohol. Erythromelalgia (er-ith-ro me/-a/-je-ah) red; plážog, limb ; &Ayoc, pain]. Red neuralgia; terminal neuritis. A variety of chronic dermatalgia characterized by burning and then aching pain of a part, usually one or more extremities, intensified by warmth and accompanied by flushing and local fever. Erythrophage (er-ith/-ro-ſay) [šputpóc, red; payeiv, to eat]. Any one of the phagocytic cells which, lying about a hemorrhagic area, take up the pigment of the blood or even red-corpuscles. They are remarkable for their brilliant color (red to golden). Erythrophlein (er-ith-rof'-le-in) [Épv6póc, red; pāotóg, bark]. A poisonous alkaloid from Casca bark. Erythrophleum (er-ith-roºfte/-um). See Casca Aark. Erythrophobe (er-ith/-ro-ſº) [Épv6póc, red; poſłeiv, to fear]. One fearing or disliking red colors. Erythrophobia (er-ith-ro-fo/-be-a/) [Éputpág, red; £630g, fear]. Morbid intolerance of red colors: sometimes observed after operations for cataract. Erythrophyl (er-it/-ro-fi/) [éputpóg, red; piā209, leaf J. In biology, a red coloring-matter found in autumn leaves, ripe fruits, etc. It is also called Phy/- Merythrin and Phyterythrin. Erythropia (er-ith-ro/-pe-a/.) [Epwópóg, red; &mp, vision]. A condition in which objects appear as if colored red. Erythropsia (er-ith-rop’-se-ah) [épv6póg, red; 6 pig, vision]. An abnormality of vision in which all ob- jects appear red; red vision; it has been observed in alcoholic ataxia with optic atrophy, after subcutaneous injections of strychnin. Erythropsin (er-ith-ropſ-sin) [Épv60óc, red; &lp, vision]. An organic substance of the retina. In the presence of light it is believed to form different com- binations, constituting color-perception. It is called visual purple and A’Aodopsin, g. v. Erythrorhetin (er-ith-ro-reſ/-īn) [Épv6póg, red; bettvm, resinj, Cashiag()is. The red resin of rhubarb. Erythrose (er/-ith-ros) [špv6póg, red], C, HsO,. Tetrose. A substance derived from erythrol. It is probably a mixture of an aldose and a ketose. It is next to the lowest glucose. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Erythrosin (er/-ith-ro-sin) [špvěpáç, red], Can His N.Os. A compound produced by the action of HNO, on tyro- sin. It is used as a coloring-matter. See Pigments, Conspectus of Erythrosis (er-ith-ro/-sis) [Épv6póg, red]. Arterial pleth- ora, or the redness of the skin due to it. Erythroxylin (er-ith-roks/-iſ-in) [šputpóç, red; ##20v, wood]. A precipitate from the tincture of Erythroxy- lon coca. It is a nervine and stimulant. Dose 4 to I grain. Unof. Erythroxylon (er-ith-rożs'-il-on) [špuffb6g, red; ##2 ov, wood: gem., Erythroxyli]. Coca, Cuca. The leaves of E. coca, a shrub indigenous to the Andes. (Not to be confounded with cocoa.) It contains an alkaloid, Cocain, Cº. H, NO, 7. v., to which its properties are mainly due. It is an aromatic tonic and cerebral stimu- lant, developing a remarkable power of enduring hunger and fatigue. Large doses cause hallucinations. Its effects are similar to those of coffee, but are more intense. It is much used by the natives for sustenance during long journeys. The leaves, smoked, are bene- ficial in hay-fever. E. coca (B. P.). Dose gr. ii- xv. E., Ext., Fld. Dose 3 ss—ij. Extractum Cocae Liquid (B. P.). Dose 3 ss—ij. Wines and elixirs of coca are numerous. [épuffpég, ERYTHRURIA Erythruria (er-iſh-ru/-re-a/, ) [épvtpóg, red; oipov, urine]. The passage of reddish urine. Hematuria. Esbach's Test. See Zests, Table of Eschar (es/-kar) [šoxápa, a scab]. The slough or Scab following cauterization, burns, etc. Escharodermitis (es-Aar-o-der-ſni’-tis) [šoxápa, a scab; Öépua, skin; trug, inflammation]. A skin-inflamma- tion marked by the formation of eschars. Escharosis (es-Aar-o/-sis) [šoxápoolç]. The formation of an eschar; escharotic action. Escharotic (es-kar-of/-ić) [šayapotikóc]. I. Caustic; productive of a slough or scab. 2. A substance that, applied to the skin, produces an eschar. A caustic. Eschel Blue. See Smalts. Escherich, Bacillus of. Table of Eschka's Test. See Tests, Table of Eschomelia (es-ko-me/-le-a/) [šoxarog, worst; Méâog, a limb). A monstrosity in which there is a defective limb. - Eschricht’s Yellow Canals. See Canals, Eschrolalia (es-Åro-la/-le-a/ ) [aloxpóg, shameful ; Wažtá, speech]. Same as Coprolalia. Eschromythesis (es-Aro-mi-the-sis) [aloxpóg, base; pivfličelv, to utter]. The utterance of obscene language by delirious or insane patients. Eschscholtzia (esh-sholts'-e-a/.) [after Eschscholtz, a German zoölogist]. A genus of papaveraceous herbs. E. californica, California Poppy, a plant growing in California, is recommended as an excellent and harm- less Soporific and analgesic. Dose of the fluid ex- tract, muxv-xxx. Unof. Esculapian (es-Au-la/-pe-an) [42sculapius, the god of medicine]. I. Medical; pertaining to medicine. 2. A physician. Esculetin (es-ku-leſ-fin) [A2sculus, the Italian oakſ], C.H.O.. A substance present in the bark of the horse-chestnut, partly free, and partly as the glucosid esculin, from which it is prepared by decomposition with acids or ferments. It crystallizes with a mole- cule of water in fine needles or leaflets. Esculin (es/-ku-lin) [A2sculus, the Italian oak], Cls HigO2. A glucosid contained in the bark of the horse-chestnut, Æsculus hippocasſanum. It crystallizes in fine needles with I}% H,O, and melts when anhy- drous at 205 C.; it is soluble with difficulty in water and alcohol. . Eserin (es/-er-in). [AEsere, native name of the plant or bean], CisłI,INAO,. A poisonous alkaloid derived from A^hysostigma, g. v. It is chiefly used to produce myosis, to lessen intra-ocular tension, etc. Esiphonal (e-si’-fun-al) [e, priv.; atºpov, a tube]. Having no siphons, as certain shells; asiphonate. Esmarch's Bandage, or Apparatus. An elastic rubber bandage used upon a limb to be amputated, in order to drive the blood out of it by the pressure of progres- sive application of turns about the limb toward the trunk. E.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of E.'s Paste, a caustic paste composed of one part each of white arsenic and sulphate of morphin, eight parts of calomel, and forty-eight of gum arabic. E.'s Tubes, test-tubes lined by a thin layer of gelatin for culture-purposes. Esmarching (es/-mark-ing) [after Esmarch, a German surgeon]. The application of the Esmarch bandage, so as to drive the blood out of a part or member. Esocolitis (es-o-ko-li/-tis) [ćgo, within ; kóżov, colon]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon ; dysentery. Esoderm (es/-o-derm) [šao, within ; 6épua, Skin]... In biology, the delicate membrane forming the ental Sur- face of the integuments of insects. See Bacteria, Synonymatic 442 ESOPHAGUS Esodic (e-sod”-ié) [ćc, into ; 6669, way]. Afferent or centripetal; conveying impressions toward the central nervous system—applied to certain nerves and nerve- filaments. - Esoenteritis (es-o-en-ter-i/-tis) [šoo, inward; £vrepov, bowel ; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the intestines. Esogastritis (es-o-gas-tri/-tis) [šoo, inward; yaotăp, belly; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mu- cous membrane of the stomach. Esogenetic º: -ié) [šow, within ; Yevvāv, to produce]. Produced or arising within the organism. Esophagalgia (e-sofag-a/-je-ah) ſolooſpáyog, esopha- gus; &Wyog, pain]. Pain in the esophagus. Esophageal (e-sof-a/-e-al or e-sof-a/-e'-al) [otooſpáyoç, esophagus]. Pertaining or belonging to the esophagus. E. Glands. See Gland. E. Plexus. See Plexus. Esophagectomy (e-sof-aj-ek/-to-me) [otoopáyoc, esoph- agus; Šktopuſ, a cutting out]. Extirpation of cancer of the gullet with resection of the walls of the organ. Esophagectopy (e-sofaj-eč'-to-pe) ſoloodóyoc, esoph- agus; Šktotrog, away from a place]. Displacement of the esophagus. Esophagism (e-sof'-aſ-izm), Esophagismus (e-sof- aft-iz/-mus) [otoopáyog, esophagus]. Spasmodic con- traction of the esophagus. ; Esophagitis (e-sof-aſ-i/-tis) [otooſhāyog, esophagus; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the esophagus. Esophagocele (e-sof'-aj-o-sel) [otoojáyoç, esophagus; khºm, hernia]. An abnormal distention of a portion of the esophagus or of the entire tube; hence it may be general, annular, or pouched. Esophagodynia (e-sofaj-o-din'-e-ah) [otooſpáyog, esoph- agus; 66tum, pain]. Same as Esophagalgia. Esophagomalacia (e-sof-aj-o-mal-a/-se-ah) ſoloopáyog, esophagus; plažakia, softness]. Morbid softening of the esophagus. Esophagomycosis (e-sofaj-o-mi-ko/-sis) [otooſhāyog, esophagus; pubkmg, a fungus]. Mycotic disease of the esophagus. e - Esophagopathy (e-sof-ay-off’-ath-e) [otooſhāyog, esoph- agus; tróffog, disease]. Any disease of the esophagus. Esophagoplegia (e-sof-ay-o-ple/-je-ah) [otooſhāyog, esophagus; TAmyń, a stroke]. Paralysis of the esoph- agus. Esophagorrhagia (e-sof-aſ-or-a/-je-ah) esophagus; bºyvíval, to break forth]. from the esophagus. Esophagoscope (e-sof-a/-o-skóð) [otoodáyoc, esoph- agus; okotreiv, to view]. An instrument for examin- ing the interior of the esophagus by artificial light. Esophagoscopy (e-sof-aſ-osſ-ko-fºe) [otooſhāyog, esoph- agus; a koteiv, to view]. Examination of the interior of the esophagus. Esophagospasm (e-sof'-aj-o-spazm). %22/S. Esophagostenosis (e-sof-aj-o-ste-mo/-sis) [otooſhāyog, esophagus; orévalouc, constriction]. Constriction of the esophagus. - Esophagostomy (e-sof-aſ-os/-to-me) [otooſhāyog, esoph- agus; otóga, mouth]. The formation of an artificial opening in the esophagus. Esophagotome (e-sof-a/-o-tom) [otoopáyog, esophagus; Téuvetv, to cut]. An instrument devised for cutting into the esophagus. Esophagotomy (e-sofaj-of/-o-me) ſoloopäyog, esoph- agus; tou%, a cutting]. Opening of the esophagus by an external incision. - Esophagus (e-sof'-ag-us) [pépelv, oioetv, to carry; ſha- yeiv, to eat]. The gullet. The musculo-membranous canal, about nine inches in length, extending from the pharynx to the stomach. [otoopáyoç, Hemorrhage See Esophagis- ESOPHORIA Esophoria (es-o-fo/-re-ah) [Éco, inward; popeiv, to bear]. See Heterophoria. Esorhinus (es-or-in/-us) [eigo, within; hig, nose]. Lis- Sauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the lines running from the premaxillary point and the incisive foramen to the naso-frontal point is between o’ and 20°. Esoteric (e-so-ter/-ić) [éoorspóg, within; £oorepulcóg, se- cret, mysterious]. Arising within the organism. Esotropia (e-so-tro/-pe-ah) [Éco, inward; Tpéretv, to turn]. Convergent strabismus. See Strabismus. Essence (es/-ens) [essentia, essence]. I. That quality of a thing giving it peculiarity of power. 2. The pe- culiar qualities of a drug extracted and reduced to a Small compass. 3. A solution of an essential oil in alcohol. Essential (es-en/-shal) [essentia, essence]. Pertaining to the essence of a substance. Pertaining to the pecu- liar and distinctive characteristic of a disease. E. Oils; the essential or volatile oils (attars) are found extensively distributed throughout the vegetable king- dom. They occur in almost all parts of the plants except the cotyledons of the seeds. They impart the peculiar and characteristic odors to the plants, furnish the perfumes, spices, and aromatics, and many of them possess valuable medicinal properties. Chemically, essential oils are often divi- ded roughly into three classes, oils com- posed of hydrocarbons only, oils contain- ing hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated products, and oils containing sulphur compounds. A more exact, but still quite general, chemic division is the following: I. Oils consisting chiefly of terpenes (Clo His) and oxidized products allied thereto; exam- ples, oil of turpentine, oil of lemon, oil of camphor. 2. Oils consisting chiefly of cedrenes (C15H23) and oxidized products allied thereto; examples, oil of cedar, oil of cubebs, oil of cloves. 3. Oils consisting chiefly of aromatic aldehyds and allied bodies; exam- ples, oil of bitter almonds, oil of cinnamon. 4. Oils consisting chiefly of ethereal salts. These may be either (a) oxygen salts, as in oil of wintergreen, or (b) sulphur salts, as in oil of mustard, oil of garlic. E. Paralysis, paralysis without characteristic anatomic lesions. Ester (es-ter). Any compound ether in which both an alcohol radical and an acid radical are present. E. Halogen, a derivative of the alcohols, obtained by heating them with the hydrogen haloids, or with the halogen derivatives of phosphorus. E. Haloid, also called alkylogen, any product of the action of the halogen hydrid on the alcohols. The haloid esters are perfectly analogous to the true esters produced by the action of alcohols and oxygen acids. Esthacyte (es/-thas-it) [alabóveoffat, to perceive; kitoc, a cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of a sponge, granular, 'spindle-shaped, bearing palpocils. Esthematology (es-them-at-o/-oje) [aioffmua, a percep- tion; 26 yog, science]. The science of the sensations and of the sense-apparatus. Esthesia (es-the-ze-ah)[aioffmotç, sensation]. I. Capacity of perception; feeling, or sensation. 2. Any nervous disease that affects the senses or perceptions. Esthesin (es’-thes-in) [aioffmouc, sensibility], Cash co- NOs. A feebly basic body, said by Thudichum to be obtainable from brain-tissue. Esthesiodermia (es-the-ze-o-der/-me-ah), [aioffmaic, sen- sation; 6&ppa, skin]. An affection of the skin with disturbance of the sensory function, which may be decreased, increased, or abolished. 443 ESTLANDER'S METHOD Esthesiogen (es-theſ-ze-o-jen) [cioffmotº, sensation; yevvāv, to produce]. Any material, as a metal, which in certain states of the body appears to have a specific effect upon the sensibility of the patient. Esthesiogenic (es-the-ze-o-jen/-iā) [aioffmotº, sensation; yevvāv, to produce]. Relating to the production of sensations. Esthesiogeny (es-the-ze-oj/-en-e) [aioffmalg, sensation; yevvāv, to produce]. The production of altered or perverted sensations. Esthesiography (es-the-ze-og/-ra-ſe) [aioffmotº, sensa tion; Ypápelv, to write]. A description of the organs of sensation and perception. Esthesiology (es-the-ze-o/-o-je) ſatathmotº, a feeling; Żóyog, science]. A treatise on, or the science of, the SenSeS. Esthesiomania (es-the-ze-o-ma/-ne-ah) [aioffmotº, feel- ing; ſuavía, madness]. Insanity marked by perverted moral feeling and by purposeless eccentricities. Esthesicmeter (es-the-ze-om/-et-er) [aioffmotº, sensation; Alétpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring tactile sensibility. (From Aitkin.) Esthesiometry (es-the-2e-om/-et-re) [aioffmotº, sensation ; ESTHESIOMETER OF SIEvekING. plérpov, measure]. The measurement or estimation of tactile sensibility. Esthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro/-sis) [aioffmouc, per- ception; veipov, nerve]. Any nervous disease in which there are disorders of sensation. Esthesis (es-the-sis) [aioffmouc, sensation]. Sensibility; sense-perception; a feeling or sense-impression. Esthesodic (es-the-sod”-ié) [aioffmotº, sensation; 6669, a way]. Serving to convey sense-impressions, as to the brain. Esthetophore (es-thet/-o-for) [aloffmróc, sensible; hépetv, to bear]. In biology, the hypothetic physical basis of consciousness (Cope). Esthiomene (es-the-om/-en-e) [Éothouëvm, eating]. Lu- pus exedens; lupus of the vulva; a very rare and chronic disease commencing during the menstrual period. It is a form of ulceration accompanied by fibrous overgrowths of the surrounding and adjacent tissues. It produces hard, cicatricial tissue on healing. There is a process of imperceptible disintegration of the tissues, but no sloughing. Death may result from hemorrhage or perforation into the peritoneal cavity or bladder. Esthiomenous (es-the-om/-en-us) [šofftopiévm, eating]. Corroding; phagedenic. Esthophysiology (es-tho-ſiz-e-o/-o-je) [aioffmotº, sensa- tion; ©iotç, nature; Aóyog, science]. The physiology of sensation and of the sense-apparatus. Estival (es/-div-al) [.æstas, summer]. In biology, pro- duced in summer. Estivation (es-tiv-a'-shun) [.æstivare, to pass the sum- mer]. In biology, (a) the dormant condition of certain plants and animals during the summer; (6) the arrangement of the floral organs in the bud. Estlander's Method. See Treatment, Methods of E. Operation. See Operations, 7able of. ESTROMANIA Estromania (es-tro-ma/-ne-a/) [oiorpog, gad-fly; lust; uavia, madness]. Same as AVymphomania. Estrual (es/-tru-al) [oiorpog, gad-fly]. Pertaining to eStruatl OI). - Estruation (es-tru-a/-shun) [oiotpog, gad-fly]. The condition of being under the influence of intense sexual passion. Estrum, Estrus (es/-trum, es-trus) [oiotpog, gad-fly]. Any vehement passion or desire; the sensation in ani- mals occurring at the crisis of coition. The orgasm. Estuarium (es-tu-a/-re-um) [.æstus, heat]. A vapor- bath. Also a stove designed to apply warm, dry air to all parts of the body at the same time. Estuation (est-u-a/-shun) [.æstuatin, heat]. boiling; fever; a heated state. Heat; Esypus (es/-īg-us) [oloviroc.). The yolk or suint of wool. See Suint. Ethal (e/-thal) [.æther, the upper air], CisłIssOH. Cetyl alcohol; a substance separated from spermaceti by Chevreul, and named by him. It is a solid, fusible at nearly the same point as spermaceti, and on cooling crystallizes in plates. It is susceptible of union with various bases, with which it forms salts or soaps. Ethaldehyd (eth-a/-de-hid). See Acetaldehyd. Ethane (eth/-än) [.æther, the upper air]. Paraffin; any one of the products of the dry distillation of wood, turf, bituminous shales, lignite, and bituminous coal, and other coals rich in hydrogen. The ethanes are thus present in illuminating gas and the light tar-oils. Petroleum contains them already formed. The lowest members, up to butane, are gases at ordinary temper- atures, soluble in alcohol and ether. The intermediate members form colorless liquids of faint, characteristic odor, insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol and ether. The higher members are crystalline solids (par- affins), soluble in alcohol, and more readily in ether. The specific gravities of the liquid and solid hydro- carbons increase with the molecular weights, but they are always less than the specific gravity of water. The boiling-points, too, rise with the molecular weights. The isomerids of normal structure possess the highest boiling-points; the lowest are those of the quaternary hydrocarbons. (For Zable of Æthanes see under Hy- drocarbons.) Ethene (e’-them). See Anesthetic. Ether (e’-ther) [.æther; althp, the upper air]. I. The tenuous subtle fluid filling space and interpenetrating all bodies; the medium of transmission of the vibratory activities called light, heat, electricity, and magnetism. 2. A thin, colorless, volatile, and highly inflammable liquid; in composition a di-ethylic oxid (C, Hs),O, known also as ethylic ether. It is used mainly as a sol- vent for fats and oils, and as an anesthetic. Internally it is anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and narcotic. Inhaled it is an anesthetic, and a cardiac stimulant in toxic doses, paralyzing the respiratory centers. See also Anesthetic. The term is used also to designate a large class of organic compounds. See Zable an- nexed. E., Acetic, has properties like those of ethylic ether. Dose mux–3.j. E., Commercial, con- tains 94 per cent. of ether. It is unfit for use except as a solvent. E. fortior, should contain 94 per cent. of ethylic oxid. Dose m x–3.j. E., Hydriodic, unof. Dose for inhalation mu xv. E., Hydrobromic, unof. Dose mux–3 j. E. Oleum, contains equal parts of ether and heavy oil of wine. E., Spt., of, ether 32.5 and alcohol 67.5. E., Comp. Spt. of, Hoffman's ano- dyne. Ether 32.5, alcohol 65, ethereal oil 2.5 per cent. Dose my–3 j. E. nitrous, Spirit, sweet spirit of miſer, a solution of ethyl nitrite in alcohol. Dose 3 SS— 3 ss. There is also a large class of mainly volatile Same as Ethylene. E. Chlorid. 444 ETHICS compounds known as ethers which are products of the union of two monovalent alcohol radicals through the agency of an oxygen atom. They are the oxids of the alcohol radicals, and are neutral, volatile bodies, nearly insoluble in water. The lowest members are liquid; the highest are solids. E.-acids, the so- called neutral esters. They are not volatile; are sol- uble in water, and yield bases with salts. E.-drink- ing, E.-intoxication, a form of tippling somewhat common in some parts of Ireland. Thus taken, ether is similar in effects to alcohol, but more rapid in action, and its use is attended with profound moral degeneration. E., Mixed, ether containing different alcohol radicals. E., Simple, ether containing two similar alcohol radicals. TABLE OF ETHERS. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. * £3. 33 33 ; : 9 8 ſº tº # S. NAME. FORMUL.A. wn º Q9 (5 O > #% 2. E. § 3 &S # | UDC) º,9. .."; Methyl, . . . (CH),o |"; ," –23°C. Ethyl, . . . . . (C2H5)2O Liquid. 35° o.736 at oº. Propyl, (C3H7)2O Liquid. 60–62° Butyl, tº º sº º (C4H9)2O Amyl, . . . (C5H11)2O Liquid. 1769 O.779. Cetyl, . . . . . (C18H38)2O Solid. 300° Vinyl, . . . . (C2H3)2O 39° Allyl, (C3H5)2O 859 Vinyl ethyl, . C2H8O.C2H5 Liquid. 35.5° Allyl ethyl, . C3H5.O.C2H5 Liquid. 669 Ethereal (e-the-re-al) [æther, the upper air]. Per- taining to the ether or to ether. Ethereomania (e-the-re-o-ma/-ne-ah) [.æther, ether; pavía, madness]. The mania for drinking ether; ether-intoxication. - Ethereomaniac (e-the-re-o-ma/-me-ak) [.æther, ether; gavía, madness]. One who is addicted to the use of ether as a stimulant. 5therify (e’-ther-iſ-i) [.æther, ether; facere, to make]. To convert into ether. Etherism (e’-ther-izm) [.æther, ether]. The phenomena produced upon the animal economy by the administra- tion of ether. Etherization (e-ther-iz-a/-shum) [.æther, ether]. administration of ether to produce anesthesia. is effected by inhalation of the vapor. Etheromania (e-ther-o-ma/-ne-ah) [.æther, ether; uavia, madness]. See Ethereomania. Ethics (eth/-īās) [#fflicóg, moral]. The science of human feelings, thoughts, and actions relating to duty or The This ETHIDENE morality. E., Medical, the duties a physician owes to himself, his profession and his fellow-men. Ethidene (eth/-id-èn) *g ether], C, H, Ethyli- dene ; a bivalent radicle. E. Chlorid, or Dichlorid, a colorless, transparent, oily fluid, tasting and smelling like chloroform, with a specific gravity of I. 174 at 17°C., and boiling at 60° C. It is prepared from alde- hyd by acting upon it with pentachlorid of phos- phorus; it is also formed as a bye-product in the pre- paration of chloral, and is separated by distillation and subsequent fractionation. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and oils. It is less inflammable than chloroform, but rapidly decomposes. It has been used as a general anes- thetic. See Anesthetic. E. Diethylate. See Acetal. Ethiopification (e-the-of-if-ik-a/-shun) , [alòtop, an AEthiopian; facere, to make]. A darkening of the skin such as sometimes results from the misuse of mercurial, silver, or arsenical remedies. Ethmocephalus (eth-mo-sef’-al-us) [#ffuág, ethmoid; kepañff, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species cyclocephalus, in which there is a repre- sentative of the nose in the shape of a proboscis terminating anteriorly in two imperfect nostrils or in a single opening. There are two eyes and two eye- sockets. Ethmocranial (eth-mo-Ara/-ne-al) [#646c, ethmoid; kpavíov, skull]. Relating to the ethmoid and to the rest of the cranium. Ethmofrontal (eth-mo-frum/-tal)[#ffuág, ethmoid; fron- talis,front]. Relating to the ethmoid and frontal bones. Ethmoid (e/h/-moid) [#01óg, a sieve; eiðog, likeness]. The cribriform bone of the nose, perforated for the transmission of the olfactory nerve; it forms a part of the base of the skull. Ethmoid or Ethmoidal (eth/-moid, eth-moi"-da!) [#ffuáç, a sieve; eiðog, likeness]. ethmoid bone. Ethmoiden (eth-moi/-dem) [#fluóg, a sieve; eiðoc, like- ness]. Belonging to the ethmoid bone in itself. Ethmoiditis (eth-moid-i/-täs) [#646c, a sieve; elóoç, likeness; ttig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ethmoid bone, or of the ethmoid sinuses. Ethmoplecosis (eth-mo-ple-Ao/-sis) [#ffuóg, sieve; TAé- Kew, to twine; v6oog, disease]. Any disease attacking the cellular tissue. Ethmoturbinal (eth-mo-tur/-bin-al) [hôuóg, a sieve; turbo, a top]. Relating to the turbinal portions of the ethmoid bone, forming what are known as the supe- rior and middle turbinated bones. Ethmyphe (et//-mife) [#ffuág, sieve; if, web]. The connective tissue. Ethmyphitis (eth-miſ-i/-tis) [#ffuóg, sieve; igh, web; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ethmyphe or connective tissue; cellulitis. Ethnic (eth/-nik) [Éſhog, a race]. E. Idiocy. See Idiocy, Ethnic. . Ethnology (eth-mo/-o-je) [šthog, a nation; 26)'oc, science]. The comparative study of the races of man- kind. Ethoxycaffein (eth-oks-e-Aaf’-e-in), Clo Hiſ NOs. A remedy recommended to relieve the pain of herpes zos- ter, migraine, and neuralgia. In overdoses it has a toxic effect; gr. viij causes drunkenness and vomiting. Dose gr. iv. Unof. Ethusa (e-thu/-sah) [aiffew, to burn]. A genus of um- belliferous plants. E. cynapium, or fools' parsley, has poisonous qualities. It was formerly used as an emmenagogue. Unof. Ethusin (e-thu/-sin) ſaiffely, to burn]. A poisonous alkaloid obtainable from Æthusa cynapium, or fools’ parsley. Pertaining to race. 445 Relating to the EUCALYPTOL Ethyl (eth/-il) [al{}}p, ether; £2m, material], C, Hs. The hypothetic radicle of alcohol. E. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of E. Bromid, C.H. Br, Brom- ethyl ; monobromethane. A rapid and transient an- esthetic. Narcosis is produced in one-half to one min- ute, and does not last much longer. See Anesthetic. E. Bromid, Liq., I in 200, used in angina pectoris. Dose 3 ss—ij. Unof. E. Chlorid, C.H.Cl, Chloric Ether. An anesthetic resembling chloroform in action. It is sometimes followed by corneal opacity. See An- esthetic. Unof. E. Eosin. Same as Primrose. E. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of E. Iodid. C, H, I. Hydriodic Ether. Used to relieve the dyspnea of bronchitic asthma and edematous laryngitis. Dose to be inhaled, mu v, three or four times daily. Unof. E. Purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of Ethylamin (eth-i/-am-in) [althp, ether; 0%m, material; amin). A non-poisonous ptomaine formed in putre- fying yeast, in wheat-flour, and in the distillation of beet-sugar residues. It is a strongly ammoniacal liquid, boiling at 18.7°C., and is miscible with water in every proportion; it is combustible, and possesses strong basic properties. Ethylene (eth/-iſ-em) [altºp, ether; i7 m, matter]. Ole- fiant gas, C.H.4. A colorless, poisonous gas having an unpleasant, suffocating smell. It burns with a bright luminous flame, and when mixed with air explodes vio- lently. It is one of the constituents of illuminating gas, and has strong affinities, especially for chlorin, with which it unites to form an oily compound. E. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of E. Bromid, a light brownish-colored liquid with the formula, C.H., Br, It has been used with great benefit in epilepsy in 34 to 2% minim doses two or three times daily Unof. E. Chlorid. See Af/herze chlorid. Ethylidene (eth-i/-id-en). See Fthideme. Ethylidenediamin (eth-i/-id-en-di/-am-in). C.H. (NH2)3. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from de- composing haddock. Injections of the ptomaine in mice and guinea-pigs produce abundant flow of secre- tion from the nose, mouth, and eyes; the pupils dilate and the eyeballs project. Violent dyspnea follows and continues until death, which does not take place for twenty-four hours or more. The heart is stopped in diastole. Etiolate (e/-te-o-lāt) [F., &tioler, to blanch]. In biology, to blanch or be whitened by the exclusion of light. Etiolation (e-te-o-la/-shun.) [Fr., &tioler, to blanch]. The paleness or blanching, in plants or animals, from con- finement in darkness. Etiolin (e/-fe-o-lin) [Fr., &tioler, to blanch]. low pigment of etiolate leaves, Etiology (e-fe-o/-o-je) [altía, a cause; 7.6).og, science]. A treatise on, or pertaining to, the causes of disease. Etrotomy (e-trot/-o-me) [īrpov, pelvis; Touff, section]. A name proposed for pelvic section. Cf. Pube/rotomy. Euanthol (u-an/-tho/) [ei, well; avdog, a flower; oleum, oil], C, H, O, Euanthylic aldehyd, a product of the distillation of castor-oil; it is a liquid of pungent odor, boiling at from 153° to 154° C. Eucalin (u/-ka/-in) ſet, well; KažūTrety, to cover], CºPI,Os. A glucose arising from the fermentation of melitose. Its properties are similar to those of inosite. It is non-fermentable, and dextrorotatory. Eucalyptol (u-ka/-ip/-fo/) [ei, well; KažíTTetv, to cover], CiołłisC). An antiseptic camphor, prepared . from the essential oil derived from the distillation of the leaves of Æ, globulus, and other species of the genus. It is used in bronchitis and chronic catarrh ; and also in ear-diseases and in urethritis, and externally in various liniments and washes. Dose miv, in cap- Sules, three times daily. Unof. The yel- EUCALYPTUS Eucalyptus (u-ka/-ipº-tus) [ei, well; kažūtretv, to cover]. The leayes (lanceolate, after three years' growth) of Æ. globulus, or Blue Gum, native to Aus- tralia, but now cultivated in California. It contains a volatile oil, that yields elecalyptol, a camphor, by distillation. It is an aromatic bitter, promoting digestion. It is highly antiseptic and anti-malarial, and is valuable in atonic dyspepsia and in intermittent fevers. E., Ext. Dose gr. iij–x. E., Fld. Ext., alcoholic. Dose mux–3.j. E. Gum (B. P.); also called Australian Kino; a red gum from the bark of the AE. corymbosa, AE. resin?fera, and Æ. rostrata of Austra- lia. It is intensely astringent, and valuable in the treat- ment of relaxed throat. Dose gr. ij-x. The genus Aucalyptus embraces many species of trees and shrubs, nearly all of which appear to have useful medicinal properties. E. Honey, honey gathered by bees from the flowers of various species of Eucalyptus. It is highly aromatic, containing eucalyptol (17 per cent.), cymol, and a terpene. It is valued in Australian domestic practice as a cure for almost all catarrhal troubles. E. Manna, a variety of manna produced in Australia from E. viminalis, E. mannifera, and A. dumosa. E. Ol., the volatile oil. Dose muv-xxx, in capsules or emulsion. E., Tinct. Unof. Dose 3ss—ij. E. Unguentum (B. P.). Seldom used. Eucheuma (u-ku/-mah) [eixvuoc, well-flavored]. A genus of sea-weeds. E. gelatinae and E. spinosum, from S. E. Asian seas, afford some part of the agar- agar of commerce. Euchlorin (u-Élo'-rin) [et, well; 2%póg, greenish]. A mixture of chlorous acid and free chlorin. Euchroic Acid (u-áro/-ä). See Acid. Euchylia (u-ki/-e-ah) [mi, well; Yvå6ç, the chyle]. A normal condition of the chyle. Euchymia (u-Åim/-e-ah) [ei, well; Yvuóg, juice]. A healthy condition of the fluids of the body. Eucinesia, Eukinesia (u-Ain-e'-se-ah) [eij, well; kivmatc, motion]. Normal power of movement. Eucrasia (u-Ara/-ze-ah) [eij, well ; kpāolç, mixture]. Good health ; a sound constitution ; the reverse of dyscrasia. Eucyclic (u-sik/-lić) [eb, well; kūkāoc, a circle]. In biology, applied to flowers, the organs in each whorl of which equal in number, and alternate with, those of the adjoining whorl. Eudiometer (u-de-om/-et-er) ſeiðia, calm weather; puérpov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air, and for the analysis of gases. Eudipleural (u-de-p/u/-ra!) [eij, well; dig, two ; tràevpá, side]. In biology, bilaterally symmetric. Euesthesia (u-es-the'-ze-ah) [eij, well; aioffmotº, sensa- tion]. The sense of well-being ; vigor and normal condition of the senses. Eugenesis (u-jen/-es-is) ſet, well: yéveog, generation]. In biology, fertility. Eugenia (ze-je/-ne-ah) [after Prince Eugene of Savoy]. A genus of more than 500 species of myrtaceous trees and shrubs, mostly tropical. E. caryophylata yields cloves, 7. v. Pimenta is a product of E. pimenta. Various other species are medicinal, and some afford edible fruits. E. cheken. See Cheken. Eugenic Acid (u-jen/-ić). See Augemol. Eugenin (u/-jen-in). See Caryophyllus. Eugenol (w/-jen-o/) [eugenia, oleum, oil], Cioł11,Oz. Eugenic Acid ; a substance that occurs in clove-oil, and in allspice. It is an aromatic oil that boils at 247° C. It is antiseptic, and a local anesthetic in dentistry. Dose gr. xv, well diluted. Unof. Eukinesia (u-Ain-e'-se-ah). See Bucinesia. 446 Eulachon Oil, or Eulachoni Oleum (w/-/ak-on, or u-lak-o'-ni o'-le-um) [native name in North Pacific EUPHONIA islands]. Candle-fish Oil. The oil of the fish Thale- *chthys paciftcus, or candlefish. It is less disagreeable than cod-liver oil, for which it is often substituted. Dose 3.j—iv. Unof. Eulyptol (u-lip'-tol). An antiseptic substance com- posed of six parts of salicylic acid and one part each of carbolic acid and essence of eucalyptus. It does not produce albuminates when applied to wounds. Dose internally, gift-iss per diem. See Eucalyptus. Eumerism (u/-mer-izm) [et, well; uépoc, a part]. In biology, opposed to dysmerism; an aggregate of eumeristic parts. - Eumeristic (u-mer-is/-tié) [eb, well; uepiſelv, to divide]. In biology, applied to an aggregation of like parts arranged in a regular series, as a tapeworm. Eumerogenesis (u-me-ro-jen’-es-is) [eij, well; uépoc, division; Yévêqug, generation]. In biology, develop- ment by fission, or the multiplication of like parts, producing a regular series. . Eumeromorph (w/-mer-o-morf) [ei, well; uépoc, a division; plopºff, shapel. An organism resulting from eumerogenesis, as an arthrosporous bacillus-filament. Eunuch (w/-nué) [eivoúxoç, guardian of the couch]. One from whom the genital organs have been removed or mutilated so as to render him impotent. - : Eunuchism (u/-nuk-izm) [eivoúzog, guardian of the couch]. The condition of being a eunuch. Euonymin (u-on/-im-in) [evövvuoc, having a good name]. A precipitate from the tincture of Wahoo, Auonymus americanus ; it is tonic, laxative, and ex- pectorant. Dose 3% to 3 grains. Unof. Euonymus (u-on/-im-us) [evövvuog, having a good name]. I. A genus of celastraceous shrubs and trees. 2. Wahoo. The bark of E. atropurpureus is an astrin- gent tonic and purgative, resembling rhubarb, jalap, aloes, etc., but rather milder. It is beneficially em- ployed in dropsy and hepatic affections. E., Ext. Dose gr. j—v. E., Ext., Fld. Dose 3 ss—ij. E., Tinct. (I in 5). Dose mux—xl. E. americanus has similar properties. Eupareunia (u-par-ze/-ne-ah) [ei), well; spouse]. Sexual compatibility. - Eupathia, or Eupatheia (at-path-i/-ah) [eitãffeta ; et, well; Tráffog, feeling]. I. Euphoria. 2. Sensitive- ness to impressions. Eupatorin (u-pat-o'-rin) [eitratóptov, agrimony]. I. A precipitate from the tincture of Thoroughwort, Eupa- £orium perfoliatum ; it is aperient, emetic, febrifuge and tonic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. 2. A crys- talline glucosid from Eupatorium cannabinum of Europe. See also Eupurpurin. Eupatorium (u-ſºat-o'-re-um) [citatóptov, agrimony]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. In pharmacy, Bupatorium denotes the leaves and flowering-tops of A. perfoliatum, thoroughwort, or boneset. It is a bitter tonic, diaphoretic, aperient and emetic, of value in re- mittent and typhoid fevers, and thought, also, to be a teniafuge. E., Fld. Ext. Dose mux–3.j. E. pur- pureum, trumpet-weed, another American species, has similar qualities (see Eupurpurin), but is more markedly diuretic, as is also Æ. amarissimzam, of the U. S. Many other species of this large genus are ac- tively medicinal. Eupepsia (u-pep/-se-ah) [eb, well; Tétretv, to digest]. Sound or normal digestion. Eupeptic (u-pep/-tié) [ei, well; Tétretv, to digest]. Possessing a good digestion; promoting digestion. Euperistalsis (u-per-is-ta/-sis) [eij, well; Tepi, around; otáñoug, compression]. The quiet peristaltic move- ments of the intestines in health. See Aerista/sis. Euphonia (u-fo/-ne-ah) [ei, well; pová, voice]. A normal, good, and clear condition of the voice. Tápévvog, EUPHONY Euphony (u/-fon-e). See Euphonia. Euphorbia (u-ſor/-be-ah) [eipópſ3tov, an African plant]. A genus of some 700 species of trees, shrubs and herbs, mostly with a milky, acrid, or poisonous juice. E. resinifera, of Africa affords euphorbium. E. lathyris, yields oil of euphorbia, an active, but uncertain cathartic. From E. drummondii, drumin is prepared. In N. America, E. corollata, E. ipe- cacuanha, E. vulgaris, E. prostrate, and other na- tive species have been employed in medicine, there being about IOO species in the U. S. E. pilulifera, of S. America and Australia, has reputed value in asthma and cardiac dyspnea. Dose of the extract gr. j. ; of the fluid extract 3 SS—j; of the tincture 3 ss—j; to be used with great caution. E. piscidia, of trop- ical America, a virulent poison, is locally employed as a caustic. Many other species are actively medicinal. Euphorbin (u-for’-bin) [eigöpfftov, an African plant]. * A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Euphorbia corollata ; it is an emetic, expectorant, vermifuge and arterial sedative. Dose 4 to 3 grains. Unof. Euphorbium (at-for-be-um) [ewſpópſ3tov, an African plant]. An acrid gum-resin afforded by Euphorbia zesinifera and E. officinarum. tive and vesicant, and is now mainly employed in veterinary medicine. - Euphoria (u-for’-e-ah) [eipopog, easily carried]. I. The sense of well-being or health. 2. Ability to endure pain. Euphoric (u-ſor/-ić) [eigopog, easily carried]. Marked by or pertaining to euphoria. - Euphorin (u/-for-in) [eipopog, easily carried], CO, Hu. Phenyl-urethan, derived from anilin, a white crystal- line powder, nearly insoluble in water, soluble in weak alcohol. It is recommended as a safe and rapid antipyretic in doses of from 5 to 30 grains daily. Unof. See Phenyl-urethan. Euphrasia (u-fra/-ze-ah) [ciºpaota, delight]. bright. A small annual, formerly much used in eye- affections. It is of utility as an astringent lotion in conjunctivis, and invaluable in breaking up nasal catarrh and in hay-fever, E., Tinct., strength 1.9. Dose muj-v. - Euphthalmin (ºff/a//-min) [eb, well; bºtažuóg, eye]. Cli HosNO, HCl, the hydrochlorate of the amygdalic acid derivative of the unstable n-methyl-vinyl-diacetone- alkamin. It is a colorless, crystalline powder, which freely dissolves in cold water. The instillation of two or three drops of a 2 per cent, solution in the eye pro- duces within 20 to 30 minutes mydriasis of intermediate intensity, which vanishes after 2 or 3 hours. The ac- commodation is but slightly, if at all, affected. Eupitton (w/-fit-on), Cos HºOo. Eupittonic acid. An aurin into which six methoxyl groups have been intro- duced. It forms orange-yellow crystals, melting with decomposition, at 200° C. Euplastic (u-plas’-tié) [ei, well; TAáogetv, to form]. Susceptible of being transformed into sound, healthy, and permanent tissue. - Eupnea (iſ-ne'-ah) ſei, well; Tvéetv, to breathe]. Normal and easy respiration. Eupurpurin (tºur'-flu-rin) [ei, well; pupura, purple]. A precipitate from the tincture of Eupatorium purple- zeum ; it is diuretic, stimulant, astringent, and tonic. Dose I to 4 grains. Unof. - Eurhipidurous (te-rig-id-u’-rus) [eſſ, well; baric, a fan ; otpá, tail]. In biology, applied to such birds as have a fan-like arrangement of the tail-feathers. Eurhodins (te'-ro-dim2). Dyes derived from the phena- zins by the introduction of one or more amido-groups. They are feeble bases: European Cholera. Synonym of Cholera. 447 It is strongly purga- Eye- EUTOCIA Europhen (u/-ro-ſen). A preparation of iodin recom- mended as a substitute for iodoform. It is a valuable antiseptic, antisyphilitic, and antituberculotic. In skin- diseases, a 5 to IO per cent. Ointment is employed. It is used hypodermatically in doses of gr. 4-iss. Chemi- cally, it contains one atom of iodin joined to two molecules of isobutylcresol. Unof. E.-aristol, a preparation of europhen with aristol; a substitute for iodoform. Eurycephalic, or Eurycephalous, at-ris-ef’-al-us) [cipic, wide; kepazºff, head]. headed ; having a very wide skull. Eurycerous (w-ris/-er-us) [eipúg, broad; képaç, a horn]. In biology, having broad horns. Eurychasmus (at-rić-az/-mus) [eiptſ, broad; 3%apua, a chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the lines joining the point of the wing of the vomer and the posterior nasal spine and anterior margin of the foramen magnum is between I53° and I54°. Eurythermal (u-rith-er/-mal) [eipúg, wide; 68pum, heat]. Capable of sustaining a great range of temper- ature. Eusomphalus (u-som/-fa/-us) [eij, good; buſha/.6c, navel]. A double monstrosity in which the vital func- tions of each individual are independent, and in which each has a distinct umbilicus. Eustachian (u-sta/-ke-an) [eijo Taxvc, rich in corn]. Pertaining to the Italian anatomist, Eustachio. E. Artery. See Arteries, Zable of E. Catheter, an instrument for dilating and otherwise treating the Eustachian tube; it is introduced along the floor of the nose. E. Tube, the canal extending from the tympanum to the pharynx. E. Valve, a prolonga- tion or continuation of the lining membrane of the post-cava into the right auricle of the fetal heart to about half of its breadth. Its function is to direct the blood from the post-cava across the auricle toward the foramen ovale. Eustachius, Canal of. See Cazza/. Eustomatous (ze-sto/-mat-tas) [ev, well; a Tóua, mouth]. In biology, having a well-formed oral aperture. Eustrongylus (u-strom/-ji/-us) [el, well; a ſpoyyúžoc, (u-ris-eſ-a/-ik, Broad- round]. A genus of parasitic nematode worms. E. gigas. See Thread-worms, and Parasites (Anima/), Table of Eusystole (u-sis/-to-le) [ei, well; avorožň, contraction]. A normal contraction of the cardiac cavities. Eutaxia (u-taks/-e-ah) ſei, well; Tášug, order]. A normal condition of the body. Euthanasia (u-than-a/-ge-ah) [ei, death]. An easy or calm death. Euthycoryphus (al-thik-or/-if-us) [eibic, straight; Kopwºff, the head]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the parietal angle is between 142° and 151°. Euthymetopus (u-thim-et/-o-pus) [eiffic, straight; puéroTov, the forehead]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the lines joining the metopion and bregma and nasion is between I41° and I51.5°. Euthymia (u-thim/-e-ah) [ev, well; flvuóg, mind.]. Tranquility; cheerfulness. Euthyopisthocranius (te-the-o-pis-tho-Ara’-me-us) [ei- 6üg, straight; 67taffoxpávtov, the occiput]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angulus summi occipitis is between 154° and 172°. Euthyuranus (me-the-tº-ran-us)[eiffic, straignt; otpavóg, the roof of the mouth]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angulus summi palati is between 163.5° and I 80°. Eutocia (u-toº-ke-ah) ſev, well; Tókoç, childbirth]. An easy natural delivery. - well; 6ávctoç, EUTROPHIC Eutrophic (u-dro’ſ...}) [eij, well; Tpépetv, to nourish]. Feitaining to eutrophy; promoting the nutritive pro- cess; well-nourished. Eutrophy, or Eutrophia (uſ-tro-fe, or u-tro/-fe-ah) ſet, well; Tpépelv, to nourish]. A state of normal or healthy nutrition ; the condition of being well nourished. Eutropic (re-trop/-ić) [el, well; Tpéten, to turm). biology, turning or revolving with the sun. Euxanthin (ii-zan/-//lin) ſet, well ; ;avóóg, yellow], CiołſigC)lo. The essential constituent of Purrée, g. v. It forms small yellow crystals. Euxanthinic Acid (77-2am-ſhin'-ić). See Acid. Evacuant (e-važ/-at-and) [evacuare, to empty]. I. Promoting evacuation. 2. A medicine that increases the secretion or evacuation of an organ, especially the bowels. A purgative. Evacuation (e-wak-at-a/-shun) [evacuatio, a voiding]. Defecation; the act of voiding; that which is voided. Evalvular (e-va/-vu-lar) [e, priv.; valva, a valve]. In biology, destitute of valves. Evaporation (e-wap-or-a/-shun) [e, priv.; vapor, vapor]. In pharmacy, the process of converting a liquid into vapor by the agency of heat. Eve and Lingard, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Syno- nymatic Table of Evectics (e-vek/-tiás) [evelcrukóç, in good health]. old name for hygiene; the science of good health. Even-headed (e/-ven hed/-ed). Neither right-headed nor left-headed. Even-headedness is a condition common among the lower animals, and among idiots, imbeciles, and races of men of low development. Evening Primrose (ev/-ming prim/-roz). The flower- ing tops of OEmothera biennis, recommended for asthma with gastric irritability. Dose of the flá. ext. 3 SS—3.j. Unof. Eventration (e-ven-tra/-shun) [e, out of; venter, the belly]. Extrusion of the abdominal viscera, es- pecially in a monstrosity. The term is used also as a synonym of Pendulous Abdomen, 7. v. - Evergreen-oak (ev/-ur-gren-Öé). See Oak-baré. Everitt's Salt. A compound of iron and potassium cyanid. E.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Everlasting (ev-ur-las/-ting). A popular name for certain plants of the genera Gnaphalium and Anſen- maria, small composite-flowered plants. A. divica of Europe is antibechic. A. margaritarea of N. America is tonic and astringent, and is considered a good sudorific. A. plantaginifolia has similar qualities. See also Zife-everlasting. In An Evernia (e-vur/-ne-ah) [ei), well; Śpwoc, sprout]. A genus of parmeliaceous lichens. E. prunastri. See Acid, Azernizzic. Everminic Acid (ev-ur-min/-ić). See Acid. Eversion (e-ver/-shun) [eversio, a turning out]. A turning outward. E. of the Eyelid, a folding of the lid upon itself for the purpose of exposing the conjunctival surface or sulcus. See also Æctropium. Evertebral (e-ver/-de-bral)[e, priv., vertebra, a vertebra]. Not vertebral in character, nor derived from vertebrae. Evidence (ev/-id-ens) [evidens, clear]. In legal medi- cine, the means by which the existence or non-exis- tence or the truth or falsehood of an alleged fact is ascertained or made evident; proof, as of insanity. E., Circumstantial, evidence the conclusions based upon which are beyond actual demonstration. E., Conclusive or Positive, evidence that admits of no doubt. E., Expert, that given before a jury by an expert in any science, art, profession, or trade. Evil (e/-vil) [ME., evel, ill]. I. A disease. 2. Syn- onym of Scrofula. Eviration (ev-ir-a/-shum) [evirare, to castrate]. I. Castration. 2. Emasculation ; a form of sexual per- 448 EVOLUTION version in which there is a deep and permanent as- sumption of feminine qualities, with corresponding loss of manly qualities. The opposite of this is termed Alefemination. Evisceration (e-vis-er-a/-shun) [e, out; viscera, the bowels]. The removal of the viscera. E. of the Eye, removal of the entire contents of the globe of the eye, leaving the sclerotic intact, an operation in place of enucleation, and following which some opera- tors insert a glass or metallic shell-globe, called an artificial vitreous, to preserve the shape, etc., of the eye-ball. E., Obstetric, the removal of the abdominal or thoracic viscera of the fetus in embryotomy. Evolution (ev-o-lu'-shun) [evolutio; evolvere, to unroll]. I. The development or temporary growth and organic change that take place in the uterus during pregnancy. 2. In biology, (I) the doctrine of incasement or preformation of the early physiologists, which sup- posed that all parts of the fully-formed animal or plant were present in a minute form in the germ. Cf. Apigenesis. (2) The doctrine of descent often spoken of as Darwinism, based upon the capacity of every plant and animal to produce other individuals of a like kind, but varying to a greater or less degree according to the differentiation induced by special environment and natural selection. Cf. Aangemesis, Blastogenesis, Epigenesis, Ontogeny, Phylogeny, AVatu- ral Selection. E., Factors of, the recognized factors of evolution are at least five, viz.: (1) Pressure of an environment affecting function and function affect- ing structure, and the changed structure and function inherited and integrated through successive genera- tions. (2) Use and disuse of organs reacting on growth-force and producing change in form, structure, and size of parts, and such change inherited and in- tegrated through successive generations. (3) Matural selection among individuals of those most in accord with an ever-changing environment—or, as it has been otherwise called, “survival of the fittest.” (4) Sex- ual selection : the selection by the female, among vary- ing male individuals, of the strongest or the most attractive. Among mammals, the selection is mainly of the strongest, as decided by battle, among birds, of the most attractive, as determined by splendor of color or beauty of song. (5) Physiologic selection, or selec- tion of those varieties the individuals of which are fertile among themselves, but sterile or less fertile with other varieties and with the parent stock. This has also been called “segregate fecundity” by Gulick and homogamy by Romanes. These five factors are not universally recognized. The first two are Lam- arckian, the second two Darwinian factors. In the Lamarckian factors the changes occur during indi- vidual life, and the offspring is supposed to inherit them unchanged. In the Darwinian factors, on the contrary, the changes are in the offspring, and the indi- viduals during life are supposed to remain substanti- ally unchanged. The fifth factor has been brought forward by Romanes and Gulick and is not yet uni- versally recognized. (6) To these recognized factors of organic evolution must now be added, in human evolution, another and far higher factor, viz., conscious, voluntary coöperation in the work of evolution, con- scious striving for the betterment of the individual and of the race. This factor consists essentially in the formation and pursuit of ideals. This is called a factor, but it is also much more than a factor. It stands in place of nature herself—it is a higher, rational nature using all the factors of physical nature for its own higher purposes. To distinguish the evolution deter- mined by this factor from organic evolution, it is called Arogress. Underlying all these factors as their nec- EVULSION assary condition, and therefore themselves not called factors, are two opposite operative principles, viz., Aereality and variability. Like the conservative and progressive elements in Society, one tends to fixedness, the other to change. The one initiates change, the other accumulates its effects in successive generations. The one tries all things, the other holds fast to what- ever is good. They are both equally necessary to the successful operation of any or all of the factors. E., Ontogenetic, the development of an embryo from an egg. E., Phylogenetic, the evolution of species. E., Spontaneous, a term expressive of the unaided oc- currence in childbirth of a series of changes, whereby a shoulder-presentation is transformed within the pel- vis into a combined breech-and-shoulder-presentation and delivery effected. Evulsion (e-vu/-shum) [evulsio, evellere, to pluck out]. The forcible tearing or plucking away of a part, as a polypus, tonsil, etc. Ewald’s Test-breakfast. A method used in ascertain- ing the condition of the gastric juice. It consists of 35 to 70 grams of white bread and 3OO cm. of water, or a cup of weak tea without milk or sugar. Ewald and Boas's Method. A method of removing the contents of the stomach. It is carried out by causing the patient to make forcible voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles, steady pressure being applied to the epigastrium. - Exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba/-shun) [exacerbatio; exac- eróare, to be violent]. Increased or paroxysmal violence of the symptoms of a disease. Exaggerated (eks-a/-er-a-ded) [exaggerare, to heap up). Larger ; more marked; increased. E. Breathing. See Breath-sounds. E. Lithotomic Posture. See Postures, Table of. Exalbuminous (eks-al-bu’-min-us) [ex, priv.; albumen, the white of an egg, from albus, white]. In biology, applied to seeds in which the nutritive matter, endo- sperm or albumin, is stored within the embryo. Exalgin (eks-a/-jin) [šš, out; &Ayoc, pain], CoPſunO. Methylacetanilid; a benzene derivative allied to phen- acetin. It is a valuable analgesic and antipyretic in doses of one-half to four grains. Unof. Exalt (eks-awle') [exaltare, to lift up; exalt]. In chemistry, to purify or refine. Exaltation (eks-awl-ta/-shun) [exaltatio, an uplifting]. I. Increase of functional activity. 2. Increase of mental activity. 3. A morbid mental state char- acterized by self-satisfaction, ecstatic joy, abnormal cheerfulness, or optimism, or by delusions of grandeur. * Examination (eks-am-in-a/-shun) [examinare, to exam- ine]. Investigation, as for the purpose of diagnosis; it is variously qualified as bimanual, digital, oral, physical, etc. Exangia, or Exangeia (eks-an-je/-ah) [šš, out; dyyelov, vessel]. Any dilatation or distention of a blood-vessel, such as aneurysm, varix, or capillary enlargement. Exanimation (eks-an im-a/-shun) [ex, out; anima, spirit]. Real or apparent death; fainting. Exannulate (eks-an/-u-la/) [ex, priv : annulus, a ring]. In biology, applied to ferns, the sporangium of which lacks the annulus. Exanthema, or Exanthem (eks-an/-them-ah, or eks/- an-them) [ščáv6mua, eruption: pl., Exanthemata]. I. An eruption upon the skin. 2. Any exanthematous or eruptive fever, 3. In biology, any irregular spot on the surface of a leaf or other organ. A Table of the Bºxanthemata is appended on page 450. E., Syph- ilitic. See Roseola, Syphilitic. Exanthematic (eks-an-them-at'-ić). See Examthema- tous. E. Typhus. See Typhus Fever. 449 EXCITATION Exanthematology (eks-an-them-at-o/-o-je) [šávômua, eruption; %yog, science]. The science of the ex- anthematous diseases. - Exanthematous (eks-an-them/-a/-us) [ššávômua, erup- tion]. Of the nature of or characterized by exanthema, or eruption; of the nature of an eruptive fever. Exanthesis (eks-an-//ie/-sis) [šávt/oug, a blossoming : p/., Æxan//eses]. I. The breaking out or the appear- ance of an exanthem. 2. Any exanthematous dis- ease. E. rosalia arthrodynia. Synonym of Den- Žtć. Eººthropia (eks-an-thro’-pe-ah) [šš, out; &vôpoſtoc, men]. Morbid dislike of human society; apan- thropia. Exarteritis (eks-ar-ter-i/-tis) [š, out; āptmpia, artery; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer coat of an artery. Exarthrima (eks-ar-thrim/-ah) [š, out; āpópov, joint: £4, A carthrimata]. Luxation or dislocation of a Joint. Exarticulate (eks-ar-tik/-u-lat) [ex, priv.; articulare, to join]. In biology, applied to limbs, antennae, palpi, or other appendages destitute of joints. Exarticulation (eks-ar-tié-u-la/-shun) [ex, out; articu- ſus, joint]. I. Luxation of a joint. 2. Amputation at a joint. Excandescentia (ex-AEam-des-en/-she-ah) [ex, out; can- descere, to glow]. Angry or furious mania; a parox- ysm of insane fury. Excarnation (eks-Aar-na/-shun) [ex, out; caro, flesh]. The removal of superfluous tissue from an anatomic preparation. Excaudate (eks-Åaw/-dāt) [ex, priv.; cauda, tail]. In biology, tailless. Excavation (eks-Åav-a/-shum) [excavare, to hollow out]. A hollow or cavity, as in the lungs or in a tissue. E. of the Optic Nerve, a hollowing or “cupping” of the disc, or optic nerve-entrance, that may be physiologic or congenital, and without par- ticular significance; or pathologic, the result of glau- coma, optic atrophy, etc. - Excavator (eks/-kav-a-tor) [excavare, to hollow out]. A dental instrument for opening and forming cavities and removing decayed matter from them; e. g., the hatchet, hoe, and chisel. Excentric (eks-sen'-trik) [ex, out; centrum, center]. I. See Accentric. 2. Out of the center or median line. E. Pains, radiating pains, symptomatic of spinal disease, due to irritation of the posterior nerve- roots. The pains are felt to be in the peripheral organs, hence the name. Excerebration (eks-ser-e-bra’-shun) [ex, out; cerebrººm, brain]. The removal of the fetal brain in the process of embryotomy. Excipient (ek-sip’-e-ent) [excipere, to take up]. In pharmacy, any substance used to give an agreeable or convenient form to the ingredients of a prescription. Exciple (ek/-sip-l) [ excipulum, a receiving-vessel]. That part of a lichen forming the rim of the perithe- cium, or immediately surrounding it. Excision (ek-siz//-un) [excisio, a cutting out]. The operation of removing a part or tissue by cutting; a cutting out. Excitability (ek-sit-aē-i//-it-e) [excitare, to rouse]. The property of reacting to stimulus. Excitant (ek-siſ-tant) [excitare, to rouse]. that stimulates the activity of an organ. Excitation (ek-si-ta/-shum) [excitare, to rouse]. The act of stimulating or irritating. E., Direct, in electro- therapeutics, the excitement of a muscle by placing an electrode on the muscle itself. E., Indirect, the excitement of a muscle through its nerve. A remedy 29 EXCITO 450 EXCURVATION TABLE OF THE EXANTHEMATA. PERIOD | STAGE DURA- - TIME OF AP- . CON- OF OF CHARACTER DURATION DESQUAMA- |TION OF NAME: Injea- Iºa- P º,” or ºption. of Érºpºſon. | LOCATION | º. Dis. VALES- TION. SION. * - EAss. CBNCB. Erysipelas. Few I to 3 Within 24 Effiorescence; 4 to 8 days. Face. Branny, or in | I to 3 || Crisis. hours days. hours. bright-red; large flakes. weeks. to 3 or polis he d? 4 days. with well-de- fined, raised margin. Measles. Io to 12 || 4 days. 4th day. Maculae; small, 4 to 5 days. | F a ce; then | Branny. 8–11 2 Crisis. days. dark-red, with downward days. weeks. crescentic bor- over body. ders. Com- p let e in 24 hours. Rötheln. 8 to 17 24 to 48 || Within 48 Maculae; rose- 3 days. Face and scalp; Slightly bran- || 4 to 7 || Crisis. days. hours. hours. colo red; then down- ny. days. rounded; dis- ward over Crete. body. Scarlatina. | I to 21 | I to 2 Within 24 Diffuse; scar- || 7 to Io days. Neck, chest, Scales or large | 2 to 3 || Lysis. days. days. hours. let; punctate. face ; then flakes. About | weeks. over body, one week. Typhoid 5 to 35 | 6 to 8 7th day. In crops. Rose- | Each crop 3 to | A b d o men, | Slightly bran- || 3 to 4 || Lysis, Fever. days. days. colored, len- || 5 days. Last | chest, and ny or none. weeks. ticular spots. Io to 20 days iback. or through- out the whole course of the fever. Typhus 4 to I2 5 days. | Usually 5th Measly spots; Few days, or Sides of chest | Slightly bran- || 2 to 4 || Crisis. JFever. days. day; may be | p ete chiae; m a y last and a b d o- ny. weeks. on 3d or not streaks; col- throughout men ; arms ; till 7th day. or, mulberry- the course of back. red. the disease. Varicella. 4 to 14 | I to 2 Within 12 to In crops. 5 to 8 days. | Back, chest, Crusts. 5–8 2 . . Lysis. days. | days. 24 hours. Vesicles. 21 ITIS. days. weeks. Variola. 8 to I4 || 3 days. 4th day. Umbilicated 21 to 25 days. | Face, and over | Crusts. I2–22 || 4 to 5 || Lysis. days. pustules. Ody. days. weeks. - Excito- (eA-si/-to-) [excitare, to rouse]. A Latin prefix denoting stimulation or excitation. E.-motor, excit- ing or arousing motor function; also, a drug or agent that increases activity of the motor nerve-centers. E.-nutrient, arousing or quickening the processes of nutrition. E.-reflex, pertaining to a reflex action that ends in muscular action. E.-secretory, arous- ing the function or process of secretion. E.-vaso- motor, carrying stimulus to vaso-motor centers. Excitor (eA-siſ-tor) [excitare, to rouse]. One who or that which stimulates or excites. Exclave (eks-A/av/, eAs-Aſahy') [Fr.]. A detached portion of any organ, as of a pancreas or ovary. Exclusion (eks-AE/u/-zhun) [excludere, to shut out]. A shutting out. E., Diagnosis by, the reaching of a final or most probable diagnosis by successively excluding one hypothesis after another, as impossible, from a consideration of the symptoms. Excochleation (eks-AoA-le-a/-shum) [ex, out; cochlea, shell, spoon]. The scraping out of material with the Curet. Excoriation (eks-Åo-re-a/-shum) [ex, from ; corium, the skin]. I. Abrasion or removal, partial or com- plete, of a limited portion of the skin. 2. A lesion of the skin in which, as a rule, the surface is denuded only as far as the stratum mucosum. It heals with- out leaving a scar. It is usually seen in pruritic dis- €2S6S. Excreation (ex-Are-a/-shun). See Exscreation. Excrement (eks/-Are-ment) [excernere, to separate; to excrete]. An excreted substance; the feces. Excrement (eks/-Are-ment) [excrescere, to grow out]. An old name for the hair, nails, etc. Excrementitious (eks-Are-men-fish/-us) [excernere, to separate; to excrete]. Pertaining to the excrement, Excrescence (eks-Ares/-ens) [excrescere, to grow out]. An abnormal outgrowth upon the body. See Cauli- ſlower Excrescence. iš. Excreta (eks-Are"-tah) [pl. , excernere, to separate]. The natural discharges of the body, particularly those of the bowels; feces. Excretin (eks/-Are-tin) [excernere, to separate], CoHº,0. One of the constituents of feces. It occurs in little leaves or tufts mixed with needles, insoluble in cold or hot water, soluble in hot alcohol and ether; its reaction is neutral. Excretion (eks-Are"-shum) [excretio; excernere, to ex- crete]. The separation of the waste products of an organ, or of the body as a whole, out of the blood. The material so excreted. Excretory (e/s/-Are-for-e) [excretio, excernere, to excrete]. Pertaining to excretion. E. Duct, a canal conveying the excretion from the excretory organ to the discharging point. See Duct. Excurrent (eAs-Aur’-ent) (ex, out; currere, to run]. Leading or going outward, as an excurrent canal. Excurvation (ex-Aur-va/-shum) [ex, out; curvare, to curve]. A deformity of the eyelid affecting almost EXEDENT exclusively the upper palpebra, and one in which the tarsal cartilage becomes turned outward. It occasion- ally develops in protracted cases of granular conjunc- tivitis. Exedent (ek/-se-dent) [exedens ; ex, out; edere, to eat]. Rodent; eating away the tissues. Exelcysmos (eks-el-sis/-mos) [š, from ; draw]. Extraction, as of teeth. Exencephalocele (eks-en-sef’-al-o-sel) [eš, out; £ykép- aÅov, brain; kážm, hernia]. Cerebral hernia; an exencephalous tumor; a mass of brain-substance out- side of the cranial cavity. Exencephalon (eks-en-sef’-al-on). Same as Exenceph- alus. Exencephalus (eks-en-sef/-al-us) [ć, out; &vkéjažoc, brain]. A species of single autositic monsters char- acterized by a malformed brain, situated, at least in part, without the cranial cavity, the bony walls of which are themselves imperfect. The specimens of this nature are divided , into two main classes—those with and those without a spinal fissure. 2. A variety of autositic monsters of the foregoing species in which there is an arrested development of the cranial bones, with protrusion of the brain, associated with an exten- sive spina bifida. Exenteratio bulbi. See Axenteration of the Orbit. Exenteration (eks-en-ter-a/-shun), [ÉÉ, out; Švrepov, in- testine]. I. Removal of the intestines or thoracic viscera in embryotomy. 2. In ophthalmology, the operation of evisceration of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the globe as a stump in the orbit. E. of the Orbit, the removal of the contents of the orbital cavity. Exenteritis (eks-en-ter-i/-tis) [š, out; Évrepov, bowel; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer or peritoneal coat of the intestine. “. . Exercise (eks/-er-siz) [exercere, to keep busy]. Func- tional activity of the muscles; often applied to such ac- tivity when its purpose is the preservation or restoration of the health. E., Active, that exerted by the will of the patient. E., Passive, when the part is moved by another, or acted upon, as in massage. E. Bones, Rider's bones; osseous growths occasionally found in the muscles. Exeresis (eks-er/-es-is) [š, out; aipéetv, to take]. Surgical removal, as by excision or extraction; evacu- tion. Exfetation (eks-fe-ta/-shun) [exfetatio]. Ectopic or ex- trauterine fetation. Exfoliation (eks-fo-le-a/-shum) [exfoliatio, exfoliare, to shed leaves]. The lamellar (or other) separation of bone or other tissue from the living structure in Dry AWecrosis, etc. Exhalant (eks-ha/-lant) [exhalare, to breathe out]. I. Serving for exhalation ; exhaling. 2. A pore or organ of exhalation. Exhalation (eks-haſ-a/-sheen) [exhalare, to breathe out]. The process of giving off or exhaling vaporous or effluvial matters; the vapor, subtle particles, etc., given off by the body through the skin or lungs. Exhaustion (eg-zawst/-yun) [exhaurire, to pour out]. Great loss of vital and nervous power from fatigue or protracted disease. Exhibit (ek-zib/-it) [exhibere, to give]. as a medicine. Exhibition (ek-zib-ish/-um) [exhibere, to give]. In legal medicine, the exposing of the genitalia in public places. Exhibitionism (ek-zib-ish'-un-izm) [exhibere, to give]. A perversion of the sexual, feeling that leads the patient to expose the genital organs. - Exhibitionist (ek-zib-ish'-un-ist) [exhibere, to give]. An insane person who wilfully and indecently exposes himself. To administer 451 éâkiety, to EXOMETRITIS Exhilarant (eA-zi/-ar-ant) [exhilarare, to cheer]. An agent to enliven and cheer the mind. E. Gas, nitrous oxid gas. Exhumation (ex-hu-ma/-shun) [ex, out of ; /iumus, the ground]. The digging up after interment of a dead body, for examination in medico-legal inquiries, or for reinterment. Exindusiate (eks-in-du/-se-āt) [ex, priv.; induere, to put on ; indusium, the covering of the fruit-dots in ferns]. In biology, applied to such ferns as lack the indusium. Exner's Solution. See Stains, Table of Exocardiac, or Exocardial (eks-o-kar/-de-ak, or eks-o- Áar/-de-a/) [ššo, out; kapóia, heart]. Originating or situated outside of the heart. Exocarditis (eks-o-kar-di/-äs) [šša, out; Kapóta, heart; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer sur- face of the heart. Also a synonym of Pericardi/?s. Exocarp (eks' -o-Aarp) [ššo, outside; Kapſtóg, fruit]. In biology, the outer layer of a pericarp when the latter consists of more than one layer. Exoccipital (eks-ok-sip/-it-al) [ex, out; occiput, the oc- ciput]. Lying to the side of the foramen magnum. E. Bone, the neurapophysial or condyloid part of the occipital bone, with which in adult life it is consoli- dated. Exocelar (eks-o-se/-/ar) [ššo, outside; kot?ia, body-cav- ity]. In biology, situated on the outer or somatic wall of the body-cavity. Exocelarium (eks-o-se-la-re/-um) [ššo, outside; Kot?ta, body-cavity]. In biology, the epithelium of the outer wall of the body-cavity. Exocelum (eks-o-seſ-lum) [ššo, outside; Kot?ta, the body-cavity]. In biology, the extra-embryonic part of the body-cavity shut off by the somatic and splanch- nic stalks at the umbilicus. (Sevenka.) Exochorion (eks-o-Ao’-re-on) [ššo, outside; xoptov, chorion]. The external layer of the chorion. Exocolitis (eks-o-ko-li’-ſis) [ššw, out; kóżov, colon ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer or peritoneal coat of the colon. Exocranium (eks-o-Ara/-ne-um) [ššo, out; Kpaviov, cranium]. The outer surface of the skull; the pericranium. Exodic (eks-od’-ić) [ššo, out; 6669, a way]. Transmit- ting impulses outward from the central nervous system; efferent; centrifugal. Exodontosis (eks-o-don-toſ-sis). Zeeſh. Exodyne (eks'-o-din) [ššo, out of; bºivn, pain]. A mixture of acetanilid 90, sodium salicylate 5, and sodium bicarbonate 5 ; it is used as an anodyne. Exogamy (eks-og’-am-e) [ššo, outside ; Yáuoç, mar- riage]. The law that forbids marriage between persons of the same family. (Lang.) Exogastritis (eks-o-gas-tri/-täs) [šša, out; Yaothp, belly; trug, inflammation]. See Perigastritis. Exogen (eks'-o-jen) [ššo, outside; yelic, producing]. In biology, one of the two primary classes of flower- ing-plants, characterized by the growth of the stems in concentric layers; more properly called Dicoty- ledons. Exogenetic (eks-o-jen-et/-īk) [ššo, outward ; Yevvāv, to produce]. Due to an external cause; not arising within the organism. Exogenous (eks-oj/-en-us) [ššo, out; Yevvāv, to pro- duce]. Of the nature of an exogen; growing by accretions to the outer surface. Exognathite (eks-og/-nāth-it). Exogonium (eks-o-go/ º t Exometritis (eks-o-me-tri’-tis) [ššo, out; uſ ſpa, womb; attg, inflammation]. Perimetritis; less correctly, parametritis. See Al/etritis. See Exostosis of the See Basecphysis. See /a/aft. EXOMPHALOS Exomphalos (eks-on/-faſ-os) [š, out; bupažág, navel]. Undue prominence of the navel; also, umbilical hernia. Exoneural (eks-o-nu/-ra!) [šo, out; veipov, nerve]. Occurring or situated outside of the nervous appa- ratus. Exopathic (eks-o-Aat//-ić) [šo, out; Táffog, disease]. Pertaining to those causes of disease coming from without or beyond the organism. See, also, Endo- pathic. Exoperidium (eks-o-per-id’’-e-um) [ššo, outside; peri- dium (from Tºpiówov, dim. of Tàpa, a leather pouch), the covering of the spore-case]. The outer peridium of a fungus having more than one, as the earth-star. Exophoria (eks-o-for’-e-ah). See Heterophoria. E., Pseudo-, an outward tending of the eyes excited by lessening the activity of the accommodative centers, as when hyperopia has been corrected by convex lenses. This condition also exists in uncorrected myopia. Exophthalmic (eks-off-tha/-mié) [šš, out; 69ffažuóg, eye]. Pertaining to exophthalmos. E. Goiter. See Goiter. - - Exophthalmometer (eks-off-thal-mom/-et-er) [š, out; öpffažuóg, eye; uéTpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of exophthalmus. Exophthalmos, Exophthalmus (eks-off-tha/-mos, -mus) [šš, out; bipffažplóg, eye). Abnormal prominence or protrusion of the eyeballs. E., Pulsating, that characterized by a bruit and pulsation, due to an aneu- rysm that pushes the eye forward. Exoplasm (eks/-o-plazm) [ššo, outside ; tāāooelv, to form]. In biology, the outer protoplasm of a unicellu- lar organism or histologic cell. Exopodite (eks-op/-o-dit) [ššo, outside; Toíg (troë-), foot]. In biology, the outer of the two main divi- sions of the typical crustacean limb or appendage. Cf. Andopodite and Basecphysis. - Exorhinus (eks-or-i/-nus) [šo, without; big, nose]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the lines joining the nasion and the alveolar point and rhinion is between 19 and 20.5°. Exormia (eks-or/-me-a/.) [&#opuáelv, to go forth]. papular skin-disease. Exoskeleton (eks-o-skel/-et-un) [ššo, outside; oke?etóv, a dried body]. In biology, the outer envelop of many of the lower forms of life for the protection and attachment of organs, representing an integument modified by the deposition of chitin, lime, or other hardening substance. See Dermoséeleton. Exosmose (eks/-os-mâs). See Exosmosis. Exosmosis (eks-os-mo/-sis) [š, out; Öoplóg, thrust]. Outward osmosis. See Avedosmosis and Osmosis. Exosmotic (e/s-os-mot/-ić) [šš, out; &op16g, thrust]. Pertaining to or characterized by exosmosis. Exospore (e/s/-o-spor) [ššo, outside; otópoç, seed]. In biology, the outer coat of a spore. Exostome (eks/-os-tam) [ššo, outside; otóua, mouth]. In biology, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule, or the outer peristome of a moss. Exostosis (eks-os-to/-sis) [š, out; botéov, bone]. Abnormal enlargement or growth of bone, especially a deposit of bony tissue upon the surface of a pre- existing bone. E. of the Teeth, exostosis den- tium; exodontosis. An outgrowth from a tooth. The only part of a tooth subject to exostosis is the root, and the development of the affection usually commences at or near the extremity; extending from thence upward, it sometimes covers a greater or less portion of the external surface. E., Ivory, a bony outgrowth of extreme hardness and of small size, rarely exceeding that of a small walnut. It springs usually from the exterior of one of the cranial bones. Any 452 EXPIRATORY Histologically, it is marked by the absence of Haver- sian canals. - Exostotic (eks-os-toº-i}) [š, out; boréov, bone]. Of the nature of exostosis. - Exoteric (eks-o-ter/-ić) [šoreplkóc, external]. Synony- mous with Exopathic. Exoterorhinus (eks-o-ter-or-i/-nus) [šérepoc, outside; bic, nose]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the lines joining the nasion and the alveolar point and rhinion is between 22.5° and 45°. Exotheca (eks-o-theº-kah) [ššo, outside; 0#k), a case]. In biology, the proper calcareous investment of the visceral chamber of a coral. Exothecium (eks-o-º/e/-se-um) [ša, outside; thºm, a case]. In biology, the epidermis of the anther. Exothyropexy (eks-o-thi/-ro-peks-e) [ #0, without; 6vpeóg, a shield; Túšac, fixation]. Partial extrusion of goiter, with subsequent atrophy from constriction, cicatrization, etc. Exotic (eks-of/-ié) [ššarſkóg, foreign]. Pertaining to plants and products from another country. Exotropia (eks-o-tro/-pe-ah). See Strabismus. Expansive (eks-pan/-sif) [expandere, to spread out]. Comprehensive ; wide-extending. E. Delirium, insane over-estimation of one’s mental or bodily powers. See Axaltation. Expectant (eks-ſek/-tant) [expectare, to look out for J. Awaiting or expecting; applied to a plan of treatment consisting in watching the progress of a disease, and not interfering with therapeutic measures, unless war- ranted by special symptoms. Expectation (eks-pek-ta/-shum) [expectare, to expect]. Same as Expectant. E. of Life, the average num- ber of years that persons of a given age, taken one with another, live, assuming that they die according to a given table of the probabilities of life. It thus has no relation to the most probable life of a single given individual. E. of L., Complete, the addition of one-half year to the curtate expectation to allow for that portion of a year lived by each person in the year of his death. E. of L., Curtate, the average number of whole or completed years lived by each person. º Expectorant (eks-pek/-to-rant) [ex, out; pectus, breast]. I. Promoting expectoration. 2. A remedy that pro- motes expectoration. - Expectoration (eks-peć-for-a/-shun) [ex, out; £ectus, breast]. I. The ejection from the mouth of saliva or material brought into it by the air-passages. 2. The fluid or semi-fluid matters from the lungs and air-pas- sages expelled by coughing and spitting. E., Prune- juice. See Prune-juice. E., Rusty. See Rusty Zx- pectoration. - Expellent (eks-ſpe/-ent) [expellere, to drive out]. A medicine that has power to expel a materies morbi. Experiment (eks-per/-im-ent) [experimentare, to ex- periment]. A trial or test. - Experimentum (eks-per-im-en/-tum) [L.J. Same as Experiment. E. mirabile of Kirchner, a hyp- notic phenomenon in animals, a hen, e.g., remaining in a fixed position when the head is pressed down and a chalk line made from its beak. - Expert (eks/-pert) [expertus, proved]. A person es- pecially qualified in a science or art. E., Medical, a physician peculiarly fitted by experience or special learning to render an authoritative opinion in medico- legal or diagnostic questions. Expiration (eks-pî-ra/-shun) [expirare, to breathe out]. The act of breathing forth, or expelling air from the lungs. Expiratory (eks-pi/-rat-or-e) [expirare, to breathe out]. Relating to or concerned in the expiration of air. EXPIRE Expire (eks-pîr/) [expirare, to breathe out]. To breathe out; to die. Explanate (eks/-plan-á/) [explanare, to flatten, spread out]. In biology, spread out, flattened; applied to parts usually rolled or folded. Exploration (eks-plor-a/-shun) [explorare, to search out]. The searching out the condition of a diseased organ or part by means of auscultation, palpation, per- cussion, etc. Also the searching of a wound to learn its nature, course, etc., and if foreign bodies may be present. Also the examination of the female genital organs by the finger or instrument for diagnostic pur- poses. Explorator, Explorer (eks/-plor-a-tor, ex-plor/-er) [ex- plorare, to search out]. An instrument for use in exploration. E., Electric, an instrument for detect- ing a bullet by means of the electric current. Exploratory (eks-plor’-at-or-e) [explorare, to search out]. Pertaining to exploration. E. Puncture, the puncture of a cavity or tumor and extraction there- from of some of the contents to learn their nature. E. Trocar, one especially adapted for exploratory puncture. - Explosion (eks-plo’-2/kun) [explodere, to drive away]. I. The sudden expansion of a body of small volume into great volume, with the resulting effects. 2. The sudden and violent occurrence of any symptom or function. Explosive (eks-plo’-siv) [explodere, to drive away]. See Consonants. E. speech, speech characterized by suddenness and explosiveness of enunciation. Exposure (eks-po'-zhūr) [exponere, to expose]. I. The act of laying bare, as the genitals. 2. The state of being open to some action or influence, as of cold or wet. Expression (eks-presh/-um) [expressus ; exprimere, to press out]. I. A pressing out. The forcible separa- tion of liquids from solids by pressure. 2. The recognizable manifestation through the facial linea- ments or the voice of any subjective feeling. E. of Fetus or Placenta, assisting the expulsion of fetus or placenta by pressure upon the abdominal walls. Expulsion (eks-pul/-shun) [expulsio, expellere, to drive out]. The act of driving out. E., Spontane- ous, the extrusion of the fetus or the placenta without external aid. Expulsive (eks-pul/-siv) [expellere, to drive out]. Pertaining to the extrusion or driving out of the fetus in childbirth, the voiding of the feces, urine, etc. Exsanguination (ek-sang-gwin-a/-shun) [ex, priv.; sanguis, blood]. The forcible expulsion of blood from a part, as before amputation. Exsanguine (eA-sang/-gwin)[ex, priv.; sanguis, blood]. Bloodless. Exsanguinity (eA-sang-gwin/-it-e) [ex, priv.; sanguis, blood]. Bloodlessness; extreme pallor. Exscinded (ek-sin'-ded) [ex, out; scindere, to cut]. In biology, terminating abruptly in an angular notch. Exscreation (ek-skre-a/-shun) [ex, out; screare, to hawk]. The act of clearing the throat by hawking and spitting. Exsculptate (eks-Åulp/-tät) [exsculpere, to carve out]. In biology, presenting a sculptured appearance. Exsert, Exserted (ek/-sert, ek-ser/-ted) [exserere, to thrust out]. In biology, projecting, as a stigma beyond the anthers. Exsertus (ek-ser’-tus) [L.]. Protruding; sometimes applied to teeth that protrude. See Dens exserºus. Exsiccatae, Exsiccati (ek-sik-aſſ/-e, -ī) [exsiccare, to dry up]. In biology, the dried plants of an herbarium. Exsiccation (ek-sik-a/-shun) [ex, out; siccus, dry]. The process of depriving a solid of its moisture or volatile constituents by the agency of moderate heat. 453 EXTRA- Exsiccative (ek-sik/-at-iv) [exsiccare, to dry up]. I. Having a strong drying tendency. 2. A desiccating or drying remedy or application. Exsiccator (ek/-sić-a-tor) [exsiccare, to dry up). A closed glass vessel containing a tray of H2SO4, used to dry and cool substances preparatory to weighing. Exspuition (eks-pu-ish/-um) [ex, out; 3/were, to spit]. Expectoration; Spitting. Exstipulate (ek-stº/-at-lat) ſer, without; stipula, a stipule]. In biology, destitute of stipules. Exstrophy (eks/-tro-ſe) [ékorpépetv, to evert]. I. The turning of a hollow organ inside out; the state of being turned inside out. 2. Congenital absence of the anterior wall of the bladder and abdomen with extroversion of the bladder. Exsuccation (ek-suk-ka/-shum) [ex, out; succus, juice]. Same as Ecchymosis. Exsuccous (ek-suk/-us) [ex, without; succus, juice, Sap). In biology, juiceless. Also written Exuccous. Exsufflation (ek-suf-la/-shun) [ex, out; suffare, to blow]. Forced discharge of the breath. Exta (eks/-tah) [L., pl.]. The viscera, especially those of the chest. Extension (eks-tem/-shun) [extendere, to stretch out]. I. The opposite of ſlexion ; the straightening of a flexed limb by the natural and functional process; the state of a limb that is not flexed. 2. Traction made upon a fractured or dislocated limb in order to bring the parts into proper apposition. E., Angular, a method of reducing and maintaining old dislocations of the hip. E., Counter-, traction upon the trunk or the trunk-end of a fractured limb in addition to ex- tension. E., Double, traction applied to both limbs in hip-joint disease, etc. E. Stage in Labor, one of the stages of labor, consisting in the bending of the fetal head, the occiput toward the back. Extensor (eks-tem/-sor) [extendere, to extend]. That which stretches out or extends. E. Muscles. See Muscles, Zable of E. Tetanus, in general spasms the extensor muscles overcome the flexors, and the spasm thus becomes an extensor tetanus. Extenuation (eks-ten-u-a/-shum) [ex, out; tenuis, thin]. Thinness; leanness of body; delicacy. Extern (eks/-term) [externus, outward]. I. Outside; outside the gates of a hospital. 2. An out-door patient. 3. A medical student, or graduate, who attends to out-door charity cases. E. Maternity, a lying-in in a private house. Externalization (eks-term-a/-īz-a/-shun) [externus, out- ward]. The process of externalizing, or embodying. E. of Sensation. See Sensitivisation. Externomedian (eks-fer-no-me/-de-an) [externus, out- ward; medius, middle]. In biology, outside the median line. Extesticulate (eks-ſes-tik/-u-lat) [ex, out; testiculus, a testicle]. To castrate. Extinction (eks-tink'-shun) [extinguere, to extinguish]. Complete abeyance or final loss, as of the voice; also, incomplete loss. Extine (eks/-fin) [externus, outside]. In biology, the outer coat of a pollen-grain. lso Erine (Schacht). Extirpation (eks-ter-pa’-shun) [extirpare, to root out]. Thorough excision or out-rooting of a part, as of a gland, a tumor, the uterus, the ovaries, etc. E. of the Eyeball, complete removal of the globe of the eye. Enucleation. Extra- (eks/-trah-) [L.]. A prefix, meaning outside, without. E.-axillary, in biology, applied to a branch or bud somewhat out of the axil. E.-current, the induced electric current. E.-enteric. In biology, perivisceral. E.-neural, situated or occurring out- side of a nerve. A term applied to certain nervous EXTRACAPSULARIUM affections of which the true seat is more or less re- mote from the point which manifests the symptoms of nerve-embarrassment. E.-ocular, outside the eye, or eyeball; in biology, applied to those antennae of insects that are located at a distance from the eyes. E.-pelvic, situated or occurring outside the pelvis. E.-polar Region, that lying outside the electrodes, as opposed to the Intra-polar Region, or area, that lying within or directly beneath the electrodes. E.-uterine, with- out the uterus. E.-u. Pregnancy. See Pregnancy. E.-u. Life, that after birth. Extracapsularium (eks-tra/-/ap-su-la/-re-um) [extra, beyond, outside; capsula, capsule: A/., Æxtra-capsu- laria]. In biology, that portion of a radiolarian out- side the central capsule. Extracardial (eks-grah-Aar’-de-al) [extra, without; Kapòia, heart]. Situated or occurring outside of the heart. Extracloacal (eks-tra/-klo-a/-ka!) [extra, without; clo- aca, a sewer]. In biology, situated outside the cloaca. Extracostal (eks-trah-kos/-tal) [extra, without; costa, a rib]. Outside of the ribs. E. Muscle, any external intercostal muscle. See Muscles, Table of Extracrureus (eks-ºrah-Aru/-re-us) [extra, outside; crus, a leg). The vastus externus muscle. See Mus- cles, Table of Extract, Extractum (ex/-tražt, -traž//-um) [extractus; extrahere, to extract: £/., Extracta]. In pharmacy, a solid or semi-solid preparation, made by extracting the soluble principles of a drug and evaporating the solution to a proper consistence. Alcohol and water are the most common solvents. There are 33 official extracts. E., Alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the solvent. E., Aqueous, that prepared by using water as the solvent. E., Fluid, in pharmacy, an alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solution of the solid principles of a vegetable drug, of such strength that IOOO grams of the drug are fully represented by one liter of the fluid extract. There are 88 official fluid extracts, besides 53 in the AV. A. Extraction (ex-traž/-shun) [extractio; ex, out; trahere, to draw]. The drawing out of a body, as a calculus, a fetus, or a tooth. Also, the pharmaceutic process of making an extract, chiefly by the action of some men- struum, as alcohol, ether, or water. E. of Cataract, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical operation. The methods proposed or practised are almost num- berless. Daviel’s Method, improved by Beer, consists in making a semicircular flap (upward in Daviel’s, downward in Beer's) in the cornea, or at the margin, with rupture of the capsule and expression of the lens. This method is being revived and, with modification, adopted by a large number of modern operators, and is called the Flap-extraction. The Discission- operation is used in soft cataract, and consists in in- troducing a needle, whereby the capsule is broken and the aqueous humor gains access to the lens-substance, which is then absorbed or removed by suction. In v. Graefe’s Peripheral Linear Method, the Graefe lance-knife enters the sclerotic 1.5 mm. from the cor- neal border, and 2 mm. below the horizontal tangent of the upper border of the cornea, and is at first directed downward, but the counterpuncture is finally made opposite the point of puncture. The cut up- ward is then made parallel to the plane of the iris, followed by an iridectomy, capsulotomy, and expres- sion of the lens. The change in v. Graefe’s Modi- fied Linear Extraction consists chiefly in bringing the section to the corneo-scleral junction. Needling, or the needle-operation. See /)iscission. The Sim- ple Method, now advocated by many ophthalmic surgeons, consists in a flap-forming section and an 454 EXTROVERSION omission of the iridectomy. The Suction Method consists in the extraction of soft cataracts by sucking the lenticular matter through a syringe nozzle intro- duced into the lens-substance, or by other methods. See Operations, Table of Extractive (eks-traž/-tiv) [ex, out; trahere, to draw]. I. In pharmacy, a substance which, during the process of making an extract from a vegetable or drug of vegetable origin, becomes dark, and finally insoluble. 2. Any one of a class of nitrogenous bodies (such as creatin and xanthin) that may be extracted in small amount from various animal tissues. By some writers they are classed as protein compounds. - Extractor (eks-trak/-tor) [ex, out; trahere, to draw]. An instrument for extracting bullets, sequestrae, etc. E., Screw, one armed with a screw-attachment; a tirefond. - Extractum (eks-traž/-tum). See Axtract. E. ferri pomatum, or E. pomi ferratum, ferrated extract of apples; official in the German Pharmacy and given in the National Formulary; it is an extract of sour apples, 50 parts, with iron one part. It contains a crude malate of iron. Extrafloral (eks-trahºſio’-ral) [extra, outside; ſlos, a flower]. In biology, placed without the flower. . Extrafoliaceous (eks-trah-fo-le-a/-she-us) [extra, out- side; folium, leaf). In biology, separated from the leaves. - Extralimital (eks-trah-lim/-it-a!)[extra, outside; limes, bounds, limit]. In biology, not included in a given area, either on the surface of a plant or animal, or on the earth’s surface. Extramalleolus (eks-trah-mal-e'-o-lus) [extra, without ; malleolus, a small hammer]. The outer malleolus of the ankle. Extrambulacral (eks-fram-bu-la/-äral) [extra, with- out; ambulacrum, a walk, alley]. In biology, located outside the ambulacra. - Extramedullary (eſſs-trah-me-du/-ar-e) [extra, with- out; medulla, marrow]. Situated or occurring out- side of the medulla. Extraneous (eks-tra/-me-us) [extraneus, external]. Existing or belonging outside the organism. E. Body, a foreign or intrusive body, present within the organism. - Extraordinary (eks-tror/-din-a-re) [extra, beyond; ordo, rule]. Out of the common; special. E. Ray. See Ray. - Extrathecal (eks-trah-the-Åal) [extra, outside; thera, box, case]. In biology, located outside the theca. Extravasation (eks-trav-as-a/-shun) [extra, outside; was, a vesselJ. Filtration or effusion of blood, serum or fluid from any vessel into adjacent tissues. Extraversio gonadum (eks-trah-ver/-2e-o go-na/-dum) [L.]. In biology, pendent external gastro-genital pouches in certain Medusae. - Extremital (eks-trem/-it-a!) [extremus, outermost]. Situated towards, or pertaining to, an extremity; distal. Extremity (eks-frem/-it-e) [extremus, outermost]. An arm or leg; the distal or terminal end or part of any organ; a hand or foot. Extricate, Extricated (eks/-trik-àt, -a/-fed) [extricare, to disentangle]. In biology, applied to the normally extruded parts of certain insects, as the ovipositors. Extrinsic (eks-trim’-sić) [extrinsicus, from without]. External, outward. E. Muscles, those attached to the trunk and extending to the limbs. Extrorse (eks-trors') [extrorsus, toward the outside]. In biology, turned outward or away from the body or central axis. - Extroversion (eks-tro-ver/-shun). See Exstrophy. EXTUBATION Extubation §º...] [ex, out; tubus, a pipel. The removal of a laryngeal tube; opposed to intuba- tion. - Extuberance (ex-tu'-ber-ans) [ex, out; tuber, mass]. A swelling or protuberance. Extumescence (eks-ſu-mes/-ens) [ex, out; tumescere, to swell]. A projection or swelling. Exuber (ex-u/-ber) [ex, from ; uber, breast : £4, Exet- beres]. A weaned child. Cf. Sububer. Exudate (eks/-u-dāt) [exudare, to sweat]. Material that has filtered through the walls of vessels into the adjacent tissues. Exudation (eks-u-da/-shun) [exudare, to sweat]. Fil- tration or oozing of the serum of the blood through the walls of the vessels; a mass formed by such filtration. - Exudative (eks/-u-da-fiv) [exudare, to exude]. Of the nature of or characterized by exudation. Exulceration (eks-ul-ser-a/-shum) [ex, out; ulcerare, to ulcerate]. A superficial ulceration. Exumbilication (eks-um-bil-ik-a/-shun) [exumbilicatio; ex, out; zumabilicus, navel]. Marked protrusion of the navel. Exumbral (eks-um/-bral) [ex, out; umbra, shade]. In biology, all those parts lying above the free margin of the umbrella of Medusae; the opposite of subumbral. Exumbrella (eks-um-bre/-ah) [ex, out; umbrella, the disc of acalephs]. In biology, the convex outer sur- face of the umbrella in Medusa. Exuviae (cks-u/-ve-e) [L.]. Cast-off matters; shreds of epidermis; also, sloughed materials. Exuviate (eks-u/-ve-àt) [ex, out; uere, to put on ; from induzia, clothes]. To moult, shed, or slough off skin, shells, hairs, or feathers of animals. Exuviation (eks-u-ve-a/-shum) [exuviae, slough ; exuere, to put off]. The shedding of the deciduous teeth, or other epidermal part. Eyckmann’s Test. See Tests, Table of - Eye (i) [ME., eye). The organ of vision. E., Accom- modation of. See Accommodation. E., Appendages of, the eyelids, brows, and lachrymal apparatus. E., Apple of, formerly the eyeball; the pupil. E., Arti- ficial, a thin shell of glass, celluloid, or other sub- stance, colored like the natural eye, placed in the socket after enucleation. E., Compound, the organ of vision formed of several crystal spheres, as in the lower crabs. E., Diagrammatic, of Listing, a diagram of the eye for the more exact calculation of the passage of rays of light through the eye. E., Pineal or Epiphysial, the rudimentary median eye in some lizards. E., Schematic, an ideal or normal eye. E.-ball, the globe of the eye, E.-ball, Dis- location of. See Dislocation. E.-bone, a Sclerotal, g. v. E.-bright. See Euphrasia. , E.-brow, the supercilium, the connective tissue, skin, and hairs above the eye. The hairs serve chiefly to prevent the sweat from falling into the eye. E.-cells, cup-shaped cells of porcelain, enameled black, to place over the eye after operations. E.-current, the normal electric current that passes from the cornea (positive) to the optic nerve (negative) under the stimulus of light. E.-doctor, an oculist. E. -drops. See Co/yrium. Also an old name for tears. E.-glass, a lens worn in one eye. Eye-glasses, pince-nez, worn instead of spectacles, and held in position by a spring acting upon the bridge of the nose. E.-ground, a synonym of the fundus oculi or internal aspect of the vitreous chamber of the eye. E.-lashes, the cilia; the hairs of the eyelid. E.-lashes, Evulsion of, pulling out the lashes. E.-lashes, Transposition of, shifting an excised strip of cilia and lid-edge containing the hair-bulbs to a new position, or otherwise altering the 455 EYE direction of the lashes by operation. E.-lens, the lens of a microscope to which the eye is applied ; an eye-piece. E.-lid, the protective covering of the eye- ball, composed of skin, glands, connective and muscu- lar tissue, the tarsus and conjunctiva, with the cilia at the free edge. E.-lid Closure. See Reflexes, Zable of E.-piece. Synonym of Ocular. E.-point, the point above an ocular or simple microscope where the greatest number of emerging rays cross. E.-salve, a medicated salve for the eyes. E.-shade, Ward's, a circular disc of black rubber connected by an arm with the tube of the microscope. It enables the observer to keep both eyes open. E.-speculum, an instrument for retracting the eyelids. E.-stone, a small calcareous disc, the operculum of various Gasteropod molluscs (Turbinidae); or sometimes a flattened concretion from the stomach of a European crawfish (Zapi//us cancri). In domestic practice it is placed under the eyelid for the removal of a foreign body that has found its way into the eye. E.-strain, the excess and abnormalism of effort, with the resultant irritation, caused by ametropia or heterophoria. It is applied also to the effects of excessive use of normal eyes. E.- souffle, a murmur said to be heard in anemia by means of the stethoscope on the globe of the eye. E.- teeth, the canine teeth of the upper jaw ; dog-teeth. E.-wash, a medicated water for the eye; a collyrium. E.-water, a collyrium ; also the aqueous humor. E.-winker, an eyelash. MUSCLES OF THE EYE. TENDON OR LIGAMENT of ZINN. I. Tendon of Zinn. 2. External rectus divided. 3. Internal POSTERIOR HEMISPHERE OF THE GLOBE OF THE EYE. rectus. 4. Inferior rectus. 5. Superior rectus. 6. Superior oblique. 7. Pulley for superior oblique. 8. Inferior oblique. 9. Levator palpebrae superioris. Io, Io. Its anterior expan- sion. II. Optic nerve. e I. Optic nerve. 2. Central artery of the retina. 3. Short, posterior, and external ciliary arteries. 4. Short, posterior, and internal cili- ary arteries. 5, 5, 6, 6, 6. Ex- ternal and internal posterior cili- ary arteries. 7. Posterior long ciliary artery, and long ciliary nerve. S. Artery and nerve of opposite side. 9, 10. Superior and external choroid veins. II, 12. ln- ferior choroid veins. I3. Attach- ment of inferior oblique muscle. 14. Tendon of superior oblique. EYE 456 EYE THE LAcry MAL AND MEIBoM1AN GLANDs, AND ADJACENT ORGANs of the EYE 1, 1. Inner wall of orbit. 2, 2. Inner portion of orbicularis palpebrarum. 3, 3. Attachment to circumference of base of IRIs AND Choroid. orbit. 4. Orifice for transmission of nasal artery. 5. Muscle I. Optic nerve. 2, 2, 2, 2. Sclerotic, divided in four equal parts of Horner (tensor tarsi). 6, 6. Meibomian glands. 7, 7. and turned back. 3, 3. Pigmentary granulation of its inner - - layer. 4. Section of lamina fusca. 5, * 5, 5. Cornea, divided Orbital portion of lacrymal gland. 8, 9, 10. Palpebral por- in four equal parts. 6, 6. Canal of Schlemm. 7. Outer sur- tion. 11, 11. Mouths of excretory ducts. 12, 13. Lacrymal face of choroid 8. Superior and internal trunk of vasa vor- ticosa. 9, 9. Irregular border limiting the choroid zone posteriorly. Io, Io. Anterior half of this zone; ciliary mus- cle. 11, 11. Ciliary nerves 12 Long ciliary artery, 13, 13, 13, 13. Anterior ciliary arteries. 14, Iris. 15. Small arterial circle of iris, 16. Pupillary orifice. puncta. VERT1cal Section of Eye in its ANTERo-PostERior Axis. 1. Optic nerve. 2. Middle portion of sclerotic. 3. Posterior portion. 4. External of optic nerve. 5. Internal tunic. 6. Sclerotic beneath insertion of superior rectus. 7. Sclerotic in advance of insertion of superior rectus. 8, 8. Superior and inferior recti. 9 Cornea. 10. Its central portion. 11. Posterior elastic lamina. 12. Junction of cornea and sclero- ticsuperiorly. 13. Inferior junction. I4, 14 Canal of Schlemm. THE CILIARY MUSCLE. 15. Choroid. 16. Choroidal zone and ciliary processes. 17. 1, I: Crystalline lens. 2. Hyaloid membrane. 3, 3 Zone of Ciliary muscle. 18. Ciliary body. 19. Retina. 20. Origin of Zinn, 4. Iris. 5, 5, Radiating pºrtion of ciliary muscle, 6. retina, 21. Its anterior limit. 22. Central artery of retina. Section of circular portion. iſ: Venous plexus of a ciliary h loid b process. 8. Sclerotic. 9. Middle layer of cornea. Io, An- 23. Branches of central artery. 24. Hyaloi membrane, 25. terior hyaline layer of cornea. 11, Epithelial covering of Zone of Zinn. 26. Posterior wall of canal of Petit, formed by this layer, 12. Posterior hyaline layer of the cornea, or hyaloid membrane. 27. Anterior wall of same canal, formed membrane ºf Descemet, 13. Fibers in which this, layer ter- by th f Zi 8. Crystalli 1 Iri minates, or ligamentum pectinatum 14. Epithelial covering y the zone of Zinn. 28. Crystalline lens, 29. Iris. 30. of posterior hyaline layer. 15 Junction of sclerotic and cor- Pupil. 31. Posterior chamber. 32. Anterior chamber. nea, 16. Section of canal of Schlemm. EYE 457 EYE RELATIONs of THE EYE AND THE LAcryMAL ExCRETORY APPARATUs. 1, I. Canaliculi. 2, 2. Puncta lacrymalia. , 3, 3. Inner extrem- ity of tarsal cartilage. 4, 4. Free borders of lids. 5. Lac- rymal sac. 6. Attachment to maxillary bone of superior tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacrymal sac. 8, 8. Two branches. SEcTIon of CILIARY Body AND IR1s. 1,1. Ciliary processes. 2, 2. Their base or rounded extremity. 3, 3. Their apex. 4. A process with bi- furcated extremity. §: 5. Reticulated olds, or ciliary pro- cesses of the second order. 6, 6. Venules that emanate from these 7, 7 Oraser- rata of choroid 8, 8. Weins of choroid. 9. Section of iris. io, Io. Circumfer- ence of iris. II, II Small ring of iris. 12, 12. Large ring VERT1cal Section Through THE Upper EYELID. of iris. A. Cutis. I. Epidermis. 2. Corium. B, 3, Subcutaneous con- nective tissue. c. 7. Orbicularis muscle D. Loose submus- cular connective tissue. E. Insertion of H. Müller's muscle. F. Tarsus. G. Conjunctiva. i. Inner; K. Outer edge ºf the lid. 4. Pigment cells. 5. Sweat-glands. 6. Hair follicles. 8, 23. Sections of nerves. 9. Arteries. 10. Veins, 11. Cilia. 12. Modified sweat-glands 13. Circular muscle of Riolan. 14, Meibomian gland 15. Section of an acinus of the same. 16. Posterior tarsal glands 18, 19. Tissue of the tarsus. 20. Pretarsal or submuscular connective tissue. 21, 22. Conjunc- tiva, with its epithelium. 24. Fat. 25. Loosely-woven pos- terior end of the tarsus. 26. Section of a palpebral artery. F. : 458 F. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit; also of Fac., make, and of Aiaz, let there be made, Fl.; or Fld. Abbreviation of Fluid. Ft. Abbreviation of Ažat, let there be made. Faam (fa/-ahm/) [native Asian]. The plant Angrae- czem frag azas, used in Asia and in France as a sub- stitute for tea. Faba Ignatii (fa/-ba/, ig-na/-she-i). See Ignatia. Fabella (ſa-be/-a/) [dim. of faba, a bean]. A sesa- moid fibro-cartilage or small bone occasionally de- veloped in the gastrocnemius muscle at the posterior aspect of the knee-joint. Fabiana (fa-be-an/-a/). See Pichi. Face (fās) [facies, the face]. A name applied to the lower and anterior part of the head, including the eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, lips, etc. F.-ache. See 7 ic douloureux. F., Hippocratic. See Aacies. F. -plug, a small layer of cerumen lying on the membrana tympani. F.-presentation, a presenta- tion of the fetal face in labor. - Facet (ſas/-et) [Fr., facete, a little face]. A small plane surface. The articulating surface of a bone. Also, the flat surface occasionally seen on calculi, caused by friction upon each other. In biology, a segment of the compound eye of an insect. Facial (fa'-shal) [facialis, of the face]. Pertaining to the face, as facial paralysis. F. Angle, the diver- gence between a line drawn from the upper jaw tangent to the forehead, and another to the external auditory foramen. F. Artery. See Arteries, Table of F. Nerve. See AVerves, Table of F. Palsy, or Pa- ralysis. See Paralysis. F. Spasm. See Spasm. F. Trophoneurosis. Synonym of Atrophy, Progressive Özz/a/e7-a/ Aracia/. F. Vein. See Weiſz. Facies (ſa/-she-éz) [L., face]. Appearance, especially that of the face. F., Cardiac, an anxious expression occasionally seen in the early stages of chronic val- vular disease. F. hepatica, a peculiar earthy appear- ance of the face, often observed in organic disease of the liver. F. hippocratica, the Hippocratic coun- tenance, indicative of the rapid approach of dissolution; the nose seems pinched, the temples hollow, the eyes sunken, the ears leaden and cold, the lips relaxed, the skin livid. F. ovarina, the characteristic expression of women suffering from ovarian disease. The features are emaciated and Sunken, the expression anxious, the forehead furrowed, the eyes hollow, the nostrils open and sharply defined, the lips long and compressed, the angles of the mouth depressed, with wrinkles encirc- ling them. F. stupida, the typhoid face. Factitious (fak-fish/-us) [factitius, facere, to make]. Made by art. Artificial, as factitious teeth, etc. Facultas (fak-u/-/as) [L.]. See Paculty. Facultative (ſak’-ul-ta-tiv) [facultas, capability]. Pertaining to acquired power. Possessing a power that is only incidentally or occasionally exercised. In bacteriology, amphibious as to oxygen, or capable of living either with or without free oxygen. F. aérobia. See Aéroðia. F. anaërobia. See Amaë- robia. F. Hyperopia, a division of manifest hy- peropia. F. Parasite, applied to such a bacterium, dipterous larva, etc., as may at times play the part of a parasite. F. Saprophyte, applied to a fungus that is normally non-parasitic but occasionally parasitic. Faculty (ſa/-ul-ſe) [facul/as, capability]. A special action of the mind through the instrumentality of an organ or organs; any function, particularly any acquired, modified, or facultative function. Also, the Falcicula (ſal-sik/-tº-lah). FALLING corps of professors and instructors of a university and its colleges. F., Medical, the corps of professors and instructors of a medical college. Faecal, Faeces (f/-kal, ſe/-se?). See Fecal, Feces. Faecula (fek/-u-dah). See Fecula. - Faex. (ſeks) [L., “lees”: pl., Feces]. The dregs or sediment of any liquid. F. sacchari, treacle or molasses. - Fag [origin uncertain]. Exhaustion; tire. See Brain- (29. Fagara (fag-a/-rah) [L.]. The genus Xanthoxylon, ſy. Z/. - Fagin (ſa/-jin) [fagus, a beech-tree]. A principle contained in the husks of the nuts of the common beech (Fagus). It is said to be poisonous and narCOt1C. - Fagopyrum (fag-o-pi/-rum). See Buckwheat. . Fagus (ſa/-gus) [L., “beech-tree: ” gen., A'agi]. A genus of cupuliferous trees; the beeches. F. syl- vatica, the common beech. The bark is said to be antipyretic, the nuts anthelmintic and anticalculous. Unof. Faham (fah/-ahm). Same as Faam. Fahrenheit's Thermometer. See Z}lermome/e7". Faint (fānt) [fingere, to feign; M.E., ſaynt, weak]. A condition of languor. Also, a state of syncope or Swooning. Fainting (fānt/-ing) [ſingere, to feign ; M.E., ſaynt, weak]. A swoon; the act of swooning. F. Sick- ness. Synonym of Epilepsy. Faintness (fant/-mes). See Syncope. Faith-cure (fath/-kār). The system or practice of at- tempting or pretending to cure diseases by religious faith and prayer alone. “It differs from mind-cure, in that the faith-curers have no mind, while the mind- curers have no faith.” F.-doctor. See F.-healer. F.-healer, one who-practises the faith-cure. Falcate (fal/-kāt) [falx, a sickle]. In biology, sickle-shaped. § Falcial (ſal/-se-al) [falx, a sickle]. Relating to the falx cerebri. --- See Aa/czz/a. Falciform (fal/-siform) [falx, a sickle; forma, form]. Having the shape of a sickle. F. Ligament. See Aigament. F. Process, a process of the dura mater that separates the hemispheres of the brain; the falx. See also Ligament, Femoral, of Hey. - - Falcula (fa/-ku-ſah) [dim. of falx, a sickle]. The falx cerebelli. Fall (ſaw/) [ME., fallen, to fall]. To be dropped in birth, as a lamb. F.-drink, a Swiss and German cordial, of exceedingly varied composition and fla- vored with many aromatic and other herbs, as arnica, achillea, asperula, etc. It is regarded as a sovereign remedy for bruises and the effects of falls. Unof. F. Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Æever, 7. v. F.- rhéotome, an arrangement whereby a weight injures a muscle, and at the same time breaks and makes a galvanometer circuit; by this instrument it was shown that the demarcation-current took a certain time to develop. Fallacia (ſal-a/-se-ah) [L.]. An insane delusion; an hallucination. F. auditoria, a delusion as to hear- ing. F. optica, any visual illusion. Falling (ſaw/-ing) [ME., fallen, to fall]. Dropping; losing one’s equilibrium. F.-sickness, a common term for epilepsy. F. of Womb. See Uterus and Arolapstes. FALLOPIAN Fallopian (ſal-o'-pe-an) [Fallopius, an Italian anato- mist]. Of or pertaining to Fallopius. F. Artery. See Arteries, Table of F. Tubes. See Oviducts. Utero-ovarian ligament. Ovary. Fallopian tube. Broad ligament tº gº Fimbriated ex- tremity of tube. Fimbria ovarica. Broad ligament. RIGHT FALLop1AN TUBE. (After Morris.) Fallopius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct. F., Arch of. See Arch. F., Canal of. See Aqueduct. F., Hiatus of, an opening in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, for the transmission of the petrosal branch of the Vidian nerve. Fallow Wards. Certain wards in hospitals that are occasionally cleared of patients and are then tempor- arily disused. False (fazv/s) [falsus, deceptive]. Not genuine. Feigning or closely counterfeiting. F. Amnion, the vesicula.serosa, which disappears as the chorion is developed. F. Ankylosis, ankylosis due to rigidity of the soft tissues. F. Bittersweet. See Climbing Staff-free. F. Conception. See F. Germ. F. Germ, a mole, g. v. F. Gromwell, the root of Onosmodium virginianum, reputed to be tonic and diuretic. Dose of the fló. ext, mixv–g ss. Unof. F. Hearing. See Pseudacousma. F. Image, the image of the deviating eye, in diplopia. F. Joint, a result of non-union of a fractured bone. F. Measles. Synonym of Röthelm, g. v. F. Membrane, a fibrinous exudate upon a surface, as the fauces. F. Pains, pains that precede true labor-pains. F. Passage, a passage formed by the laceration of any canal, e.g., the urethra, caused by the forcible introduction of a catheter or other instrument in the wrong direction. F. Pelvis, the portion of the pelvic cavity situated above the linea ileo-pectinea. F. Peritonitis, hysteri- cal manifestations simulating peritonitis. F. Pneu- monia, peripneumonia notha. F. Pox. Synonym of Varice/la. F. Ribs. See Riós. F. Water, a collection of fluid in catarrhal endometritis. Falsetto (fawl-se/-0) [Ital.]. A voice both high- pitched and peculiarly modified as to quality; the highest register of the human voice. It is more obvious in the male than in most female voices. Falsification (ſawl-siſ-ić-a/-shun) [faſsus, deceptive; facere, to make]. The fraudulent adulteration of foods or medicines; counterfeiting. Falx (fa/As) [L.]. A sickle. Same as Falx cerebri. In biology, variously used to designate falciform structures; e. g., the poison-fangs of a serpent or the chelicerae of a spider. F. cerebelli, the falcula; a sickle-like process between the lobes of the cerebellum. F. cerebri, the sickle-like process of the dura, separat- ing the hemispheres of the cerebrum. - Famelic (fam-el/-īk) [famelicus, hungry]. Marked 459 FARCY by extreme hunger; effective in overcoming the sensa. tion of hunger. Famelica (fam-e/-ié-ah) [famelicus, hungry]. famelica; fever accompanied by hunger. Fames (ſa/-mez) [L.J. Hunger. F. bovina, bulimia. F. canina (“dog-hunger”), bulimia. F. lupina, (“wolf-hunger”), extreme bulimia. Family (fam/-il-e) [familia, a household]. The per- Sons belonging to a household. In biology, a class of genera similar in organic structure. F. Ataxia. See Aaramyoclonus multiplex. F. Diseases, those diseases that are hereditary. Famine (ſam/-īn) [fames, hunger]. Severe and con- tinued hunger. Also, a general scarcity of food, which results in the starvation of many people. F. Bread, a lichen, Ombilicaria arctica, found in frozen regions, and serviceable, in extremity, as human food. F. Fever. Same as Relapsing Pever, 7. z. Fanaticism (ſan-aſ-is-izm) [famaticus, pertaining to a temple]. Perversion and excess of the religious sen- timent. It often trenches upon the domain of insanity; and is sometimes an outcome, at other times a cause, of mental disease. Fang [ME., feng, a catch]. part or organ. See Zeeth. Fantome (fam/-tum). See Phantom. Far [E. dial.]. The young of swine; a litter of pigs. Far [ME., ſer, at a distance]. At a distance. F. Point. See Punctum remotum. F.-sightedness, a colloquial term for Aſpermetropia. Farabeuf's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Farad (far/-ad) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist]. The unit of electric capacity. Practically a capacity sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a potential of one volt. The micro-farad, Togº ong of the theoretic farad, is commonly used. A practi- cal form of condenser of one farad capacity consists of 300 leaves of tinfoil, each I6 centimeters in diame- ter, separated by leaves of mica. The entire surface is about of I. I sq. meters area. See Blectric Cnits. Faradic (far-ad/-ä) [named from its discoverer, Michael Faraday]. Pertaining to induced electric currents. F. Current, the induced electric current. See Current. F. Induction is brought about by a current of electricity passing through a wire exciting a wave of electricity in a second wire placed near or parallel with it at the instant of opening and closing the circuit. Faradimeter (far-ad-im/-et-er) [Faraday; pièTpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength of an induced electric current. Faradism (ſar'-ad-izm) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist]. I. Induced electricity. 2. The applica- tion of induced currents to the treatment of disease. Faradization, or Faradism (far-ad-iz-a/-sheen, or far'-ad-izm) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist]. The application of the induced current to a diseased part, or for disease. Farado-puncture (far-ad-o-punk/-chür) [Faraday : punctura, a puncture]. The passage of a faradic cur- rent into the tissues by acupuncture. Farcimen (far-si'-men) [farciminum, farcy: Ž, Far- cimina]. Farcy; also, a farcy-bud. Farcin (far/-sin) [Fr.]. Same as Farcy. Farcinia (far-sin'-e-ah). Synonym of Equinia. Farcinoma (far-sin-o’-mah ) [farciminum, farcy; bud, a tumor, pl., Farcinomaſa]. A farcy-bud, or glander- ous tumor; less correctly, farcy, or glanders. Farctus (ſark'-tus) [L., a “'stuffing ”]. Emphraxis; congestion; infarction. Farcy (far/-se). See Aquinia and Bacil/us of AVocard, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of F.-bud, or Febris In biology, any prehensile FARDEL-BOUND F.-button. A nodular swelling in the course of a lymphatic vessel in glanders. Fardel-bound (ſar’-del-bownd) [ſardel, a load; ME., ôounden]. I. A term applied to neat cattle or sheep affected with inflammation of the abomasum, or of the omasum, with impaction of food in the latter. Fardel-bound cattle are said to have “lost the cud.’’ Farding-bag (far/-ding-bag). The first stomach of a ruminant animal; the paunch or rumen. Farfara (far/-/ar-ah). See Coltsfoot. Farina (far-e'-nah) [farina, meal]. The ground or powdered fecula of seeds, especially that of corn, barley, rye, and wheat. In biology, applied to the pollen of flowers, and to the powdery substance found On Certain in SectS. Farinaceous (far-in-a/-she-us) [farina, meal]. Hav- ing the nature of or yielding flour. Also, applied to very fine furfuraceous exfoliations. Farinose (far/-in-Ös) [farina, meal]. In biology, covered with a flour-like powder, as certain leaves and insects. Farrant's Solution. See Mounting Fluids, and Media. Farre's Tubercles. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Farriery (far/-yer-e) [ferraria, pertaining to iron]. The art of treating the diseases of horses; veterinary Surgery. Farrow (far/-o) [ME., farh, ſaren, a little pig). I. A little pig. 2. To bring forth, as pigs. Fascia (ſash’-e-ah) [fascia, a band; pl., Fasciæ]. The membranous, fibrous covering of muscles and other organs. In biology, applied to any broad, transverse band of color on the hair, feathers, scales, or stems. F., Anal. See F., Ischio-rectal, F. of Arm (Brach- ia/), invests the muscles of the arm attached to the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula. F., Cervical, Deep, invests the muscles of the neck and encloses the vessels and nerves. F., Cervical, Super- ficial, that just beneath the skin. F., Cloquet's. See Septum crurale. F., Cranial, a firm, dense layer, adherent to the skin and occipito-frontalis muscle. F., Cremasteric, forms a looped, thin covering of the spermatic cord. F., Cribriform, the sieve- like covering of the Saphenous opening. F. dentata, a serrated band of cinerea of the hippocampal gyrus of the cerebrum. F. of the Dorsum of the Foot, forms a sheath for the dorsal tendons of the foot. F., Iliac, lines the back part of the abdominal cavity, covering the psoas and iliacus muscles. F., Infundi- buliform, the funnel-shaped membrane enclosing the spermatic cord and testis in a distinct pouch. F., Intercolumnar, from the margins of the external ab- dominal ring, forming a sheath for the cord and testis. F., Intercostal, a thin, firm layer of fascia covering the outer surface of the external intercostal and the inner surface of the internal intercostal muscles. F., Ischio-rectal, covers the perineal aspect of the leva- tor ani muscle. F. lata, the dense fibrous aponeu- rosis surrounding the thigh, called the Deep F of the 7%igh. F., Deep, of Leg, continuous with the last, surrounds the leg. F., Lumbar, the posterior apo- neurois of the transversalis muscle, divided into three layers. F. of Mamma, part of the superficial fascia of the thorax, which divides into two layers, one pass- ing in front, and one behind the mamma. F. nodosa, Packer's Anot, a knotted bandage formerly used to make compression over the temporal artery. F., Obturator, continuation of the pelvic, surrounding the obturator muscle. F., Pelvic, lines the cavity of the pelvis, continuous with the transversalis and the iliac fascia. F., Perineal, the deep, called the triangular ligament, closes the front part of the outlet of the pel- vis; it is attached to the pubes and rami of the isch- 460 FASTING ium. F., Plantar, the fibrous membrane of the sole of the foot. F., Recto-vesical, the visceral layer of the pelvic fascia, investing the prostate, bladder, and rectum. F., Spermatic, a thin fascia attached to the external abdominal ring, and prolonged down over the outer surface of the chorda testis. F. spirales. See Ascia. F., Temporal, a strong fibrous investment covering the temporal muscle. F., Transversalis, a fascia continuous with the iliac and pelvic fasciae, and lying between the transversalis muscle and the peritoneum. Fascial (fash’-e-al) [fascialis, of a fascia]. ing to or of the nature of a fascia. - Fasciate (fash’-e-āt) [fascia, a bundle or band]. In biology, banded; also applied to monstrous stems that grow flat. Fasciation (fash-e-a/-shun) [fasciatio, fascia, a band- age]. The art or act of bandaging. Fascicle (fas’-ić-2) [dim, of fascis, a bundle]. In biology, a bundle, as a compact inflorescence or a cluster of leaves. See Fasciculus. - Fasciculate, or Fasciculated (fas-i}/-u-lat, fas-ik/-u- Za-fed) [fasiculus, a little bundle]. Arranged in fasciculi, or little bundles. Fascicule (fas’-34-274) . [fasciculus, a small bundle]. In biology, applied to brush-like bundles of hairs often seen on caterpillars, etc. Fasciculus (fas-iº/-at-lus) [dim, of fascis, a bundle: pl., Fasciculi). A little bundle, as the fasciculus of fibers that compose a nerve. F., Olivary. See Fillet, Olivary. F. of Türck, the crossed pyramidal tract of the spinal cord. - Fascination (fas-in-a/-shun) [fascinatio, a bewitch- ing]. A form of incomplete hypnotism, intermediate between somnambulism and catalepsy; the alleged controlling influence of one person over another. Fasciola (fas-i/-o-Zah) [L., a small bandage]. The dorsal continuation of the fascia dentata of the cere- brum. F. hepatica. See Trematodes. F. hepati- cum. See ZXistoma hepaticum. - Fasciole (fas/-e-Öl) [fasciola, a small bandage]. In biology, a narrow transverse band or stripe. Fascioliasis (fas-e-o-li/-as-is) [fasciola, a small band- age]. A term employed in England for Distomiasis (Wiame), or Distomatosis (Zundel). Fasciotomy (fash-e-of/-o-me). See Aponeurotomy. Fast [ME., fast, firm, stiff; fasten, to fast]. Fixed; immovable; close; sound, as sleep ; to abstain from food; abstinence from food. F. Color. See Pig- ments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs F.-blue. Same as Alkali Blue, Coupier's Blue, Methylene-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of F.-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of F.-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of F.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of F.-yellow. Same as Acid Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Fastidium (fas-tid/-e-um) [L., “a loathing”]. A loathing for food or drink. Fastigatum (fas-ſig-a/-tum). See AVucleus fastigii. Fastigiate, Fastigiated (fas-fi/-e-àſ, -a/-äed) [fastiga- tus, sloping, pointed]. In biology, tapering gradually; close, parallel. Fastigium (fas-fi/-e-um) [L., “summit”]. I. The acme of any disease. 2. A dorsal extension of the adult epicele into the cerebellum ; its cephalic and caudal slopes meet like a gable-roof, whence its name. Fasting (fast/-ing) [ME., fastem, to fast]. The partial or complete abstinence from food. F.-cure. See Zimotherapy. F.-mania, a prevalent or epidemic practice of absolute and complete fasting, mainly for exhibition and profit, such as occurred in 1890–91. Fifty-five days appears to be the extreme limit reached as yet by any professional abstainer from food. F.- Pertain- FAT girls, hysterical women who, for the sake of gaining sympathy and attention, pretend to fast, but for the most part secretly obtain food. Fat [ME., fat, fat]. See Adeps, Tissue, and Oil. F.- ball, a mass of fatty substance on the dorsal aspect of the buccinator muscle; called also Bichat’s jaz. &al/. F.-cell, a form of connective-tissue cell con- taining oil-globules. F.-column, a columnar-shaped space filled with adipose tissue found in the thicker por- tion of the cutis vera. F.-necrosis, a peculiar form of (orinective tºssu,” JEbrās. FAT-CELLs. X 340. necrosis of a tissue occurring in pin-point sized areas of a dead-white color. It is seen usually in the interlobu- lar pancreatic tissue, mesentery, omentum, and ab- dominal fatty tissue generally, and frequently in con- nection with pancreatic disease. F.-rickets, that form of rickets in which there is not excessive ema- ciation. Fatal (fa/-tal) [fatalis; fatum, fate, destiny, death]. Ending with death ; mortal; deadly; as a fatal acci- dent or attack. Fatigue (fa-tag/) [fatigo, weariness]. Weariness, tiredness. That condition of diminished capacity for work produced in a muscle by prolonged activity. F.-diseases, those caused by constant repetition of certain movements, such as Zailors' cramp, Writers’ cramp, Scriveners’ palsy, etc. See Cramp, and Spasm. F.-stuffs, decomposition products that have accumulated in the muscular tissue during ex- haustive efforts; among them are phosphates, phos- phoric acid, carbonic acid, and perhaps glycerin-phos- phoric acid. Fatty (ſat/-e) [ME., fat, fat]. A qualification applied to certain carbon derivatives, including fats and fatty acids. They were better called marsh-gas or methane derivatives, as they can all be obtained from methane, CH4. See Acids, Fatty. F. Degeneration. See AXageneration. F. Heart. See Heart. F. Nut- meg. Same as AWutmeg Liver. Fatuity (fat-u/-it-e) [fatuitas, foolishness]. Amentia or dementia. Fauces (ſaw'-seg) [L.]. The gullet or windpipe, The space surrounded by the palate, tonsils, and uvula. In biology, the throat of a monopetalous flower or the cavity of a gasteropod shell as exposed in the first whorl. F., Isthmus of, the space at the back of the mouth enclosed by the margin of the palate, the back of the tongue, the pillars of the soft palate and the tonsils. F., Pillars of, the folds of mucous membrane between the base of the uvula and the posterior border of the tongue. 461 - FEBRIFUGAL Fauchard's Disease. See Diseases, Table of Faucial (ſaw'-se-a/) [ſauces, the gullet]. Pertaining to the fauces. Faucitis (ſaw-si/-tis) [ſauces, the gullet; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the fauces; isthmitis. Fault (ſawl/) [ME., ſaut, a lack]. In electricity, any failure in the proper working of a circuit due to ground-contacts, cross-contacts, or disconnections. These may be of three kinds: I. Disconnections; 2. Earths; 3. Contacts. Fauna (ſaw/-mah) [Paunus, the god of agriculture : AZ, Fazende or Aazamas]. The entire animal life of any geographic area or geologic period. Faunorum ludibria (ſawn-o’-rum lu-diº/-re-ah) [L., “sport of the fauns’]. An old designation for nightmare and for epilepsy. Favaginous (ſav-aſ-in-us) [favus, a honeycomb]. Resembling favus; having a honeycombed surface. Favella (fav-e/-ah) [favilla, embers: pſ., Favellæ]. In biology, an irregular mass of spores embedded in a gelatinous material, and constituting a form of sporo- carp found in the Florideae. Faveolate (ſav-e'-o-lat) [favus, honeycomb]. Favose, honeycombed; same as alveolate. Faveolus (fav-e'-o-ſus) [favus, a honeycomb : pl., Aazeoli]. In biology, a pit or cell like that of the honeycomb. . Faviform (fav/-if-orm) [favus, honeycomb; forma, form]. Resembling a honeycomb; a designation of certain ulcerated surfaces. Favous, or Favose (faz'-us or fav-às') [favus, honeycomb]. Resembling a honeycomb; resembling favus; alveolate; filled with polygonal depressions. Favulus (ſav’-ee-lus) [dim. of favus, a honeycomb : p/., Favuli]. Any one of the honeycomb-like depres- sions or alveoli of the gastric mucous membrane. Favus (fa/-zus) [favus, honeycomb). Zinea favosa : Aloneycomb Ringworm, a parasitic skin-disease due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, the Achorion schönleinii, which, growing in the epidermis, hair, and nails, causes varying grades of inflammation, alterations of structure, and, when occurring upon hairy parts, partial or complete loss of hair. It is characterized by the presence of variously-sized, sul- phur-yellow, cup-shaped crusts, having a peculiar musty odor, which are found on microscopic examina- tion to be composed almost entirely of the elements of the fungus. F.-cup, any one of the cup-shaped crusts that characterize favus. Faxwax (faks’-waks) [fax, hair; Ger., wachsen, to grow]. The ligamentum nuchae, or the material of which it is composed. It is also called Aarwax. Fear (fºr) [ME., feer]. An emotion of dread ; appre- hension; the feeling which in its intenser manifesta- tions is called terror or fright. Feather (ſeth/-er) [AS., fedher]. One of the epider- mal appendages of birds. F. Respiration-register. See Anesthetic. Feature (ſe/-chūr) [factura, a making]. part or lineament of the face. Febricity (fº-bris/-īt-e) [febris, a fever]. Feverishness. Febricula (fe-brik/-u-lah) [L., dim. of ſebris, fever]. A term indicating a slight and short fever, most fre- quently encountered among children. The rash that accompanies it is very similar to that of scarlet fever. Febrifacient (feb-re-fa/-se-ent) [febris, a fever; ſacere, to make]. Causing fever. Febriferous (fe-briſ/-er-us) [febris, a fever; ferre, to bear]. Causing or conveying fever. Febrific (fe-briſ/-īk) [febris, a fever], Febrifacient. Febrifugal (ſe-brf’-tº-gal) [febris, fever; ſugare, to dispel]. Removing or dispelling fever. Any single FEBRIFUGE Febrifuge (ſeb/-riſ-àj) [febris, fever; ſugare, to dis- pel]. I. Antipyretic ; cooling; lessening or relieving fever. 2. An agent that lessens fever. Febrile (ſe/-bril) [febriſis; febris, a fever]. ing to or having the symptoms of a fever. Febrility (ſe-briſ/-īt-e) [febris, a fever]. of being febrile; feverishness. Febris (ſe/-bris) [L.]. See Fever. F. bullosa. Synonym of Pemphigus. F. catarrhalis. Synonym of ſºftuenza. F. dysenterica. Synonym of Dysentery. F. fame- lica. See Aamelica. F. flava. See Aſever, Yellow. F. nigra. Synonym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. F. recurrens. Synonym of Aſever, Kelapsing. F. re- mittens. See Fever, Remittent. Fecal (ſe/-kal) [fex, sediment]. consisting of feces. Fecaline (ſe/-ka/-en). Same as Fecaloid. Fecaloid (ſe/-kal-oid) [fex, feces; elóoç, likeness]. Resembling feces. f Feces (ſe/-sez) [fex, sediment]. The dregs of a liquor, as wine. Also, the alvine discharges or excretions of the bowels. Fechner's Law. See Lazº. Fecula (fe8/-u-lah) [dim, of ſex, sediment]. The starchy part of a seed. Also the sediment subsiding from an infusion. Feculent (ſek/-tt-lent) [feculentus, impure]. Abound- ing in or of the nature of feces; excrementitious; sedimentary; muddy. Fecundate (fe/-kun-dāt) [fecundare, to fecundate]. To impregnate ; to render pregnant. Pertain- The quality Pertaining to or Fecundation (ſe-kun-da’-shun) [ſecundatio; fecundus, fruitful]. Fertilization ; impregnation; the act of making fruitful. F., Artificial, impregnation by means of artificial intromission of the spermatic fluid into the vagina or uterus. Fecundity (fe-kun'-di-e) [fecunditas, fruitfulness]. The capability of reproduction. F., Segregate. See Aſomogamy. Fed. See Cross-circulation Experiment. Feeble (ſe/-0/)[ME., ſeble, weak]. Lacking strength; weak. F.-minded, idiotic. Feed (ſed) [ME., ſedan, to nourish]. with food; to graze ; to eat. that for lower animals; fodder. Feeder (ſe/-der) [ME., ſedan, to nourish]. I. An instrument used in the forcible feeding of insane patients who obstinately refuse to eat. 2. See Cross- circula/ion Axperiment. Feeding (ſe/-ding) [ME., ſedan, to nourish]. The taking of food or aliment. F., Artificial, the intro- duction of food into the body by means of artificial de- vices, such as the stomach-pump or in the form of an enema. Also, the nourishing of a child by food other than the mother's milk. F-bottle, a glass flask armed with a rubber nipple, used in feeding liquid food to infants. F.-cup, a cup used in the forcible feed- ing of the insane. F., Forcible, the administration of aliment by compulsion to such patients as refuse to take food in the natural manner. F.-gland, a chyle-gland or “salivary gland ’’ of working bees. F.-groove, a narrow trough on the tongue of a worker bee, along which the honey is brought by compression of the honey-sac. F. by the Rectum, the introduction of ſood into the rectum in the form of an enema or sup- pository. F.-system. See /ēest-cure. Feel (ſel) [ME., ſelen, to feel]. To have a sensation of ; to try by touch ; to have perception by means of the sense of touch. Feeler (ſe/-er) [ME., ſelen, to feel]. See Antenna. Feeling (ſe/-ing) [ME., ſelen, to feel]. The sense of touch; any emotion or sensibility; any conscious state of nervous activity; any sensation. I. To supply 2. Food, especially 462 FEMIN ONUCLEUS Feet (ſet). The plural of Foot, g. v. F., Frosted. See Chilblazz. Fegaritis (ſeg-ar-i/-tis) [Sp.; attº, inflammation]. An old name for a form of gangrenous stomatitis. Fehling's Method. A method of dressing the umbili- cal cord. The stump is wrapped in cotton-wool pow- dered with a mixture of salicylic acid one part, and starch five parts. It becomes mummified. F.'s Solution, a solution for testing for sugar in the urine ; as this solution does not keep well, Prof. Hol- land advises its manufacture as follows: To be kept in two distinct parts. (a) Take copper sulph. 34.64 gms. and water enough to make 500 c.c. M. (5 Pure Rochelle salt 173 gms.; Sol. sodium hydrate (sp. gr., I.33), IOO c.c., and water enough to make 500 c.c. For use, mix equal volumes, and thus make Fehling's solution. See Copper. F.'s Test for Sugar. See Tests, Table of Feigned Disease. See Disease. - Fel [L.]. Bile. F. bovis, or F. bovinum, ox-gall. The biliary liquid of the domestic ox, Bos tazarus. It is a dark-green, ropy substance, consisting mainly of sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, together with cholesterin. It is a tonic, antiseptic, and purgative, useful in emulsifying the fatty portions of food. F. b. inspissatum, IOO parts fresh ox-gall, strained and evaporated to 15 parts. Dose gr. v-xv. F. b. purifi- catum, ox-gall 3, alcohol I part. This should stand 24 hours before straining; then evaporate to the con- sistence of a pilular mass. Dose gr. v-xv. Fell's Method. A method of forced respiration in cases of narcotic poisoning or drowning, by means of an apparatus consisting of a tracheotomy-tube attached to a bellows. F.'s Paste, Caustic, or Cancer-salve, a famous salve formerly used in epithelioma. Its formula was : chlorid of zinc and powdered sanguinaria root, of each one ounce; starch, enough to make a paste; apply on pieces of kid leather or wash-leather. Fellator (ſe/-at-or). See Passivism. Fellatrice (fel-at-resſ) [Fr.]. The female agent in irru- mation, who receives the male organ in her mouth and by friction with the lips or tongue produces the orgasm. Fellic Acid (ſe/-ié) [fel, bile], C.s H10O. A constit- uent of the bile. Fellmongers’ Disease. Anthrax; so called as attacking dealers in fells, or pelts, and skins. Fellows’ Syrup of Hypophosphites. A proprietary preparation. Each dram contains hypophosph. of iron gr. j, quinin gr. 34, Strychnin gr. ºr, calcium and manganese áà gr. j, potassium q. S. Dose 3.j. Unof. Felo-de-se (fº/-ſo-de-se) [Sp.]. A suicide. Also, any one who commits an unlawful malicious act, the conse- quence of which is his own death. Felon (ſe/-on). See Paronychia. Felt [feltrum, felt]. A fabric of hair or wool entangled together by beating and rolling. Felt splints are em- ployed in surgery. - Female (fe/-mâl) [feminea, ſemella; femina, woman]. Belonging to the sex that conceives and bears young. In surgery, denoting that part of a double-limbed instru- ment that receives the complementary part. F. Cathe- ter, a catheter having a short tube with a slight curve to correspond to the female urethra. Feminism (fem/-in-izm) [femina, a woman]. Arrested development of the male organs of generation, accom- panied by various mental and physical approximations to the characters of the female sex. Feminity (fem-in/-it-e), or Femininity (fem-in-in/- it-e) [femina, a woman]. The sum of those qualities that distinguish the female sex. Feminonucleus (fem-in-o-mu’-Ale-us) [femina, woman; nucleus, a kernel]. The embryonic female nucleus, as distinguished from the corresponding male nucleus. FEMORAL Femoral (fem/-or-al) [femur, the thigh bone]. Per- taining to the femur. F. Arch, that formed by Pou- part's ligament. F. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. F. Canal. See Canal. F. Hernia. See Aermia. F. Ligament of Hey. See Ligament. F. Ring, the abdominal end of the femoral canal, normally THE FEMORAL RING AND SAPHENOUs OPENING. (After Holden.) (The arrow is introduced into the femoral ring). . Crural arch. 2. Saphenous opening of the fascia, lata. I 3. Saphena vein. . 4. Femoral vein. 5. Gimbernat's liga: . ment. 6. External abdominal ring. 7. Position of internal ring. - closed by the crural septum and the peritoneum. F. Sheath, a continuation downward of the fasciae that line the abdomen. It contains the femoral vessels. F. Vein. See Večn. “. . Femoren (ſem/-or-en) [femur, the thigh-bone]. Be- longing to the femur in itself. Femorocele (fem/-or-o-sel) [femur, femur; káž7, her- nia]. Femoral hernia. - Femoro-rotulian (fem/-or-o-ro-fu/-le-an) [femur, the thigh-bone; rotula, the patella]. Pertaining to the femur and the rotula or patella. Femoro-tibial (fem/-or-o-tib/-e-al) [femur, the thigh- bone; tibia, the shin-bone]. Relating to the femur and the tibia. Femur (f/-mer) [L., pl., Femora, or Femurs]. The thigh-bone, the longest and heaviest bone of the body, articulating with the acetabulum and the tibia. See Bones, Table of Fenestra (ſe-nesſ-trah) [L., a window]. I. In anat- omy, a name given to two apertures of the ear, the A. ovalis and F. rotunda. 2. The open space in the blade of a forceps. 3. An opening in a bandage or dressing for drainage, etc. Fenestral, or Fenestrate (ſe-mes/-tral, fe/-mes-trat) [fenestra, a window]. Having apertures or openings. Fenestrated (ſe-nesſ-tra-ted) [ſemestra, a window]. Perforated. F. Membrane of Henle, the outer membrane of the inner coat of the arteries. Fenestrella (fe-mes-fre/-ah) [dim, of fenestra, a win- dow ; pl., Fenestrellae]. In biology, a transparent spot in the wing-cover of certain insects. Fenestrule (ſe-nes’-tral) [fenestra, a window]. In biology, a small open space, as between the anasto- mosing branches of the cenecium of a polyzoan. Fenger's Operations. See Operations, Table of Fennel (fen/-el) [ME., feneſ]. An umbelliferous plant, Formiculum capillaceum, native to the Old World and common in cultivation. Its dried fruit (Faeniculum, U. S. P.) is aromatic and carminative, but is chiefly used as a corrigent, as for Senna and rhubarb. See Aſamiculum. Fenner’s Guaiac-mixture. See Guaiac-mixture. Fenugreek (fen/-u-grek)[ſenum, hay; graccum, Greek]. 463 FERMENTATION The leguminous plant, Trigonella fanumgracum ; also its mucilaginous and oily seed; it is used in plasters and poultices, and is valued in veterinary practice, chiefly as a vehicle for other medicines. Fenwick’s Operation. See Operations, Table of. Feraconitin (ſer-aē-on/-it-in). Same as Pseudacomitin, . Z/. Féal (ſe/-ral) [feralis, deadly]. Deadly or fatal; as a feral disease. Fergusson's Method. See Treatment, Methods of F.'s Operations. See Operations, Table of Ferine (ſe/-rin) [ferinus, wild; ſera, a beast]. ious, malignant, or violent; as a ferine disease. Ferment (fer/-ment) [fermentum, leaven, yeast]. Any microörganism, proteid, or other chemic substance capable of producing fermentation, i. e., the oxidation and disorganization of carbohydrates. Cf. Anzym . Zymaze. F., Organized, or Living, one that grows and multiplies at the expense of the substance in which it occurs—this takes place only so long as the ferment is living. Yeast is the representative of this class, caus- ing fermentation by splitting up sugar into CO., and alcohol. See Fermentation. F., Unorganized, or Non-living, a nitrogenous body produced within the body by the vital activity of the protoplasm of the cells. These ferments are soluble in water and glycerin, and can be precipitated by alcohol. The following is a list of this class: Ptyalin, in saliva, converts starch into maltose. Pepsin, in gastric juice, converts proteids into peptones in an acid medium. There are also in the gastric juice milk-curdling, fat-splitting, and lactic acid ferments, whose functions are indicated by their names. In the pancreatic juice, there are F., Diastatic or Amylopsin, converting starch into maltose; Trypsin, converts proteids into peptones in an alka- line medium ; F., Emulsive, emulsify fats; F., Fat- splitting, or Steapsin, splits fats into glycerin and fatty acids, and F., Milk-curdling. In the intestinal juice, there are F., Diastatic, which changes maltose into glucose; F., Proteolytic, which changes fibrin into peptone ; Invertase, which changes cane-sugar into grape-sugar; and F., Milk-curdling, and F., ZXia- static, are also found in blood, chyle, liver, milk, etc. Pepsin and other ferments are also found in muscle and urine; and, lastly, a Fibrin-forming F. is also found in blood. Fermentation (ſer-men-ta/-shun)[fermen/um, leaven]. The decomposition of complex molecules under the influence of ferments (organized) or zymazes or enzyms (unorganized), frequently accompanied by the assimila- tion of one or more molecules of water (hydrolysis). Processes of oxidation and deoxidation sometimes ac- company fermentation. The ordinary transformation termed eremacausis or decay, is an oxidation process. Putrefaction is applied especially to those fermentations involving nitrogenous matter and accompanied by the disengagement of offensive gases. In these cases, the growth of one or more species of microbes is cor- related with the chemic changes in the medium. F., Acetic, the fermentation whereby weak alcoholic solu- tions are converted into vinegar, caused by the Baci//us aceti, etc. F., Albuminoid ; the agents of this de- composition are the Bacillus albuminis, B. caten uſa, B. claviformis, B. distortus, B. ſiliformis, B. gemi- culatis, B. scaber, B. ſenzais, B. urocephalus, etc. F., Ammoniacal ; the agent of the ammoniacal fer- mentation of urine is the Micrococcus urea. F., Butyric, the conversion of butter-fat into butyric acid, due to a microbe, Bacillus butyricus. F., Gluconic ; glucose is transformed by the action of the Micrococcus oblongus. F., Lactic, the decomposition or “sour- ing'' of milk, caused by the microbe, Bacil/us Macfiezºs. Nox- FERMENTEMIA 464 F., Propionic ; the Bacillus cavicida decomposes sac- charine solutions, producing propionic acid. F., Putrefactive, the decomposition commonly known as putrefaction, caused by various microbes, especially the Micrococcus pyogenes (albus, aureus, citreus, tenuis, salivarius, etc.). F., Test. See Tests, Table of F., Viscous, the change produced in the culture- medium by the Micrococcus viscosus, a gummy sub- stance being developed. Fermentemia (fer-men-te/-me-ah) [fermentum, leaven; alua, blood]. The abnormal presence of a ferment in the blood. Fermentogen (ſer-ment/-o-jen) [fermentum, leaven; yevvāv, to produce]. Any substance (like pepsinogen or trypsinogen) that on the reception of the appro- priate stimulus is changed into a ferment. Fern [ME., ferme]. Any cryptogamous plant of the order Filices. See Aspidium. Ferntickle (fern/-tić-il) [Prov. Frg.]. ephelis. Ferralum (ſer-a/-um) [ferrum, iron; alumen, alum]. A proprietary disinfectant, consisting largely of the sulphate of iron and aluminum. Ferramentum (ſer-am-en/-tum) [L., an iron imple- ment: Ål., Ferramenta]. A surgical instrument of iron or steel. Ferran, Peronospora of. See Peronospora. Ferrein, Canal of. See Canal. F., Pyramids of. See Pyramid. F., Tubule of. See Pyramid. Ferri- (ſer/-i-) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix that indicates the ferric, as distinguished from ferrous compounds. Containing iron as a quadrivalent element. Ferrier's Snuff. A snuff used in acute rhinitis. Its formula is hydrochlorate of morphin gr. ii, powdered acacia gij, and submitrate of bismuth, 3 vſ. See Aismuth. Ferro- (ſer/-o-) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix used with the names of certain (ferrous) compounds and salts of II Oll. Ferrocyanid (ſer-o-si/-an-id)[ferrum, iron; cyanogen]. A compound of ferrocyanogen with an element or radical. That of potassium (Potassii ferrocyanidum) is official ; that of iron was so formerly. That of zinc (Zinci ferrocyanidum) is sometimes given as a medi- cine. Dose gr. I–4, in pill. F. of Potassium and Acetic Acid Test. See Tes/s, Table of Ferrocyanogen (fer-o-si-an/-o-jen) [ferrum, iron; cyanogen ]. The quadrivalent radical, Fe(CN)6. Ferrous (ſer/-its)[ferrum, iron]. Containing iron as a bivalent element. Cf. Aerric. Ferrozone (ſer/-o-zón) [ferrum, iron; 5,8tv, to smell]. A material consisting in part of iron protosulphate ; it is used as a precipitant for sewage. Perruginous (ſer-te/-jin-us) [ferrugo, rust; ferrum, iron]. Same as Chalybeate. Ferrule (ſer/-u/) [ferrum, iron]. A metallic hoop placed around a broken tooth; an instrument used with an attached lever in aligning irregularly placed teeth. Ferrum (ſe,”-um) [L. : gen., Ferri J. Iron. Fe = 56. Quantivalence II, IV. A metal having a luster vary- ing from silver-white to gray. In pharmacy, a fine non-elastic, soft wire is used. Externally many of the soluble salts of iron make excellent styptic and astringent lotions. F. redactum, Quevenne's Aron, iron by hydrogen, occurs as a fine powder obtained by the reduction of ferric oxid by hydrogen. It is a con- stituent of the blood, to the red corpuscles of which it gives color. It is an irritant in large or long-con- tinued doses. In small doses it is a stimulant and slightly astringent tonic. It is highly valuable in anemia, but contra-indicated in plethora. Dose gr. A freckle; FERRUM j—v. F. redacti, Trochisci (B.P.), each containing gr. I of iron. Ferri acetat., Liq., a 33 per cent. solution in water. F. acetat., Liq., fort (B.P.). Dose mu j-viij. F. acetat., Tinct., has liq. ferri acetat 50, alcohol 30, acetic ether 20 parts. It is styp- tic and stimulant. Dose mu x–3 iſ. F. bromid., Fe- Br, Dose gr. v-xx. F. bromidi, Syr., contains Io per cent. of ferric bromid. It is a sedative tonic, rec- ommended in nervous disorders. Dose mu v-xxx. F. carb. saccharat., contains I5 per cent. of ferrous carbonate. It is a stimulant to digestion. Dose gr. ij– x, with food. F. carb., Massa, Vallet’s mass; ferrous sulphate IOO, sodium carbonate IIO, honey 38, Sugar 25, syrup and distilled water āā q. S. ad fac. IOO parts. Dose gr. iij to v, after food. F. carb., Pil. (B.P.). Dose gr. v-xx. F., Mist., aromat. (B.P.). Dose 3.j—ij. F., Mistura, comp., Griffith's mixture; ferrous sulphate 6, myrrh, sugar, aā 18, potassium carbonate 8, spt, lavender 50, rose-water 900. This is essentially a carbonate of iron. Dose 3 ss. F., Pilulae, comp., Grif- fith's pill, containing each, ferrous Sulphate gr. 34, so- dium carb. gr. 34, myrrh gr. iss, syrup q. S. Dose gr, iſ to vi. F. chloridum, Fe,Cls. I2 H2O, strongly acid, astringent, hemostatic, and styptic. It is never used inter- nally. F. chlorid., Liq. (Liq. fer. perchloridi, B.P.), an aqueous solution containing 38 per cent. of the salt. Dose muij—x; rarely used. Liq. fer. perchlor. fort. (B.P.), a powerful styptic. Fe,(C6H5O),6H,O. F. chlorid., Tinct., contains liq. ferri chlor. 25, alcohol q. s. It is very commonly used, and is one of the best tonic preparations. Dose muv-xx. Tinct. fer. perchloridi (B.P.). Dose mux-xx. F. citras, solu- ble in water, insoluble in alcohol; a mild stimulant. Dose gr. ij-v. F. citras, Liq., a solution of ferri citrat., 35 per cent. in strength. Dose mu v-xv. F. citras, Vinum, ammonio-ferric citrate 4, tinct. orange peel, syrup, aa 12, stronger white wine 72 parts. Dose 3.j– ij. F. hypophosphis, Fe,(H,PO,)s, ferric hypo- phosphite, soluble in very dilute hydrochloric acid. Dose gr. v-x. F. iodidum saccharat., soluble in water. It is a tonic. Dose gr. v-xxv. F. iodid., Pil., contains reduced iron, iodin, liquorice, Sugar, acacia, and water, coated with balsam of tolu in ether. Dose j-ij pills. F. iodidi, Syr., contains IO per cent. of the iodid. Dose muv-xxx. F. lactas, Fe(CsII;Os),.3H2O, ferrous lactate,_best solvent, sodium citrate. Dose gr. j—iij. F. nitratis, Liq., aqueous, contains 6 per cent. of the salt; it is styptic and astringent. Dose my—xv. F. oxalas, FeC,O. H.O. Dose gr. iſ in pill. F. oxid. hydratum (Ferri peroxid. hydrat. B.P.), Fe(HO), ferric hydrate, prepared by adding aq. ammoniae 8 parts to a solution of ferric sulphate IO parts. It is an antidote for arsenical poisoning, and should be prepared as needed. Dose 3.j. F. oxid. hydrat. cum magnesia, should be prepared as needed from sol. ferric sulphate IOOO gr., water 2000 grains, to which is added magnesia I50 gr., water 3 xxxij. It is an antidote for arsenic. F., Emplastrum, strengthening-plaster; ferric hy- drate 9, olive-oil 5, Burgundy pitch I4, lead-plaster 72. F., Trochisci, have each of ferric hydrate dried gr. v., vanilla gr. T's, sugar and mucilage of traga- canth q. S. Dose j-iij each day. F. phosphas, Fes|P,Os-8Fſ, O, an adjuvant to laxative pills, gr. v-x. F. phosphat., Syr. (B.P.). Dose gj. Fox's Pill (B.P.), Blaud’s Pill. See Pill. F. pyrophos. phas, tasteless and non-astringent. Dose gr. ij-v. F. subchloridi, Syr. (B.P.). Dose 3 ss—j. F. sul- phas, FeSO4.7H2O, copperas, protosulphate of iron, ferrous sulphate, astringent and irritating. It is an ingredient of pil. aloes et ferri, g. v. F. sulph. ex- siccat., FeSO4. H2O. Dose gr. ss—ij in pill. F. sulph. granulatus (Ferri sulphas granulata, B. P.), FeS- FERTTLE O,.7H,O, the foregoing precipitated from its solution by alcohol. Dose gr. ss—ij. F. Subsulph., Liq., Fe,0 (SO,)s, Monsel's solution, an aqueous solution of basic sulphate of iron, powerfully astringent, styptic and hemostatic; it is rarely given internally. Dose miij—x. F. valerianas, Fe,(C5H2O)6, valerianate of iron, soluble in alcohol. Dose gr. j-iij, in pill. F. et ammonii citras, citrate of iron 3, water of ammonia I part. Dose gr. ii-v. F. et ammonii sulphas, am- monic sulphate of iron, ferric alum. This is the least astringent of the sulphates. Dose gr. ij-v. F. et am- monii tartras (F. tartaratum, B.P.), ammonic tar- trate of iron. Dose gr. v-xx. F. et potassii tartras, the least disagreeable of all iron preparations. Dose gr. v-x. F. et quininae citras, contains 12 per cent. of quinin. It is astringent and stimulant. , Dose gr. iij—v. F. et quin. cit., Liq., of doubtful value. Dose my—xv. F. et quin. citras solubilis, used in preparing vinum ferri amarum. F., Vinum amarum, bitter wine of iron, contains sol. citrate of iron and quinin 8, tinct. orange-peel I2, syrup 36, stronger white wine 44. It is a good substitute for the various “elixirs of calisaya and iron.” Dose 3.j—iv. F. et strychninae citras, contains I per cent. of Strychnin. It is astringent and stimulating. Dose gr. j-iij. F. et ammonii acetat. Liq., Basham’s mixture, con- tains tinct. fer. chlorid 2, acetic acid 3. liq. ammonii acet. 20, elixir aurantii IO, syrup I5, water 50 parts. It is very agreeable, tonic and diuretic. Dose 3ij-v. Unofficial preparations.—F. albuminas. Dose gr. x-xxx. F. arsenias, FesAs,Os (not to be con- founded with arsenit of iron). Dose gr. To-#. F. dialysatum, dialyzed iron, a ten per cent. oxychlorid in water. It is astringent and styptic, but only feebly chalybeate. Dose mux-xxx. Liq. ferri dialyzat. (B.P.). Dose mix-xxx. F. et manganesii iodidi, Syr., containing in each fluid ounce 50 grains of iodids in proportion of 3 of iron to I of manganese. Dose mix-xxx-3.j. F. et manganesii phosphat., Syr., syrup of phosphate of iron and manganese. Each dram contains 2 gr. phosph. of iron and I grain of manganese. Dose gj. F., Mistura, aromat., pale cinchona bark 4, calumba 2, cloves I, iron-wire 2, tinct. cardamom. comp. I2, tinct, orange-peel 2, water of peppermint 50. Dose 3.j—ij. F., Mist., laxans, ferrous sulphate gr. ij, magnesium sulphate 3.j, dilute sulphuric acid mu iij, spt. chloroform muxx, water of peppermint ad 3 j. F., Mist., salicylat., olei gaul- theriae muxxxij, tr. ferri chlorid faiv, sodii salicylat. 3 iv, acid. citric. gr. x, glycerin. f.3j, liq. ammonii citrat. (B.P.) q. s. ad f ; iv.; iron to be added last in mixing. Ferro-salin., Mist., magnesium sulphate 3 j, potassium bitartrate 3.j, dried sulphate of iron gr. X, water 3xxxij, Dose a wineglassful. F. phosphatum, quininae et strychninae, Syr., Easton’s syrup, unof. Each 3j contains gr. j phosph. of iron, gr. j. Quinin, and gr. 3's Strychnin. F. Salicylas. Dose gr. j-v. F. Tersulphatis, Liq., solution of ferric sulphate, used in making other iron preparations. Fertile (ſer/-fi/) [fertilis, fruitful]. Prolific, fruitful. In botany, applied to flowers having a pistil. Fertilization (ſer-fil-iz-a/-shun) [fertilis, fruitful]. Im- pregnation; fecundation; the initial act of sexual re- production; it consists essentially in the union of two cells possessing respectively male and female qualities. Fertilizing Pouch (fºr’-ti/-īz-ing powch). A folded apparatus connected with the oviduct of queen bees. Ferula (ſer/-u-lah) [L., “a rod "J. I. Giant fennel. A genus of the order Umbelliferae. See Asafetida, Galbazzum, Sumbul, Sagapenum. 2. A splint. Fervor (ſer/-vor) [L., “heat”]. Fever-heat; it is defined as being more than calor and less than ardor. 465 FETUS Fessitude (fes/-it-ad) [fessus, weary]. A sensation of Wear IIlêSS. Fester (ſes/-ter) [ME., É. I. Any small or super- ficial ulceration. 2. To inflame slightly. Festination (fes-tin-a/-shun) [festinare, to hasten]. A symptom of paralysis agitans and other diseases in which the patient shows in walking a tendency to take quicker and quicker steps. Propulsion or retropulsion are coincident symptoms. Fetal (fe/-tal) [fetus, an offspring]. Pertaining to the fetus. Fetation (fe-ta/-shun) [fetus, a fetus]. tion of a fetus. 2. Pregnancy. Fetich, Fetish (fe/-tish). Any material object re- garded with veneration or awe. Fetichism, Fetishism (ſe/-tish-izm) [Fr., ſetich]. The term applied by Binet to the sexual perversion exhibited by collectors of napkins, shoes, etc. He maintains that these articles play here the part of the fetish in early theology. The favors given by the women to the knights in the Middle Ages were both tokens of remembrance and sexual excitants of satis- faction. Fetichism is the association of lust with the idea of certain portions of the female person, or with certain articles of female attire. It is designated as dress-f., hair-f, handºſ., glove-f, shoe-f., etc., ac- cording to the object worshiped. Fetichist (fe/-tish-ist) [Fr., fetich]. An individual whose sexual interest is confined exclusively to parts of the female body, or to certain portions of female attire. Feticide (fe/-tis-id) [fetus, an unborn offspring; cadere, to kill]. The killing by intent of the fetus in the womb. Fetid (ſe/-tid, or ſet'-id) [fetere, to become putrid]. Having a foul odor. F. Stomatitis. Synonym of Olceratize Stomatitis. Fetiferous (fe-tif’-er-us) [fetus, a fetus; ferre, to bear]. Pregnant. Fetiparous (ſe-tip/-ar-us) [fetus, a fetus; parere, to produce]. Giving birth to a fetus. Fetlock (fet/-ſok) [ME., ſitlokes]. A tuft of hair grow- ing behind the pastern-joint of horses. F.-joint, the joint of a horse’s leg next to the foot. Fetlow (fet/-lo) [E., dial]. A kind of whitlow or felon, seen upon cattle. Fetometry (ſe-tom/-et-re) [fetus, offspring; uérpov, measure]. The measurement of the fetus, especially of its cranial diameters. The measurements usually made are as follows: — I. The forma- TABLE OF MEASUREMENTs. I. OF THE CHILD. Length, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 cm. (20 º Bisacromial, . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 “ (4.8 “ 2. HEAD Bitemporal, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 cm. (3% in) Biparietal, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9% “ (3% “) Occipito-frontal, . . . . . . . . . . 11% “ (4% “) & 4 -mental, . . . . . . . . . . 13% “ (5% “) Trachelo-bregmatic, . . . . . . . . . 9% “ (3% “ Circumference, occipito-frontal . . . §§ { { §sº Weight of Child 2737 grims. (7% pounds). Fetor (fe/-tor) [L.]. Stench; offensive odor. F. narium. Synonym of Ozema. Fetter-bone (fet/-er-bān). In farriery, the same as great pastern. See Pastern. Fettered (ſet/-erd). In biology, applied to animals, as the seal, which have the hind limbs modified so as to unfit them for walking. Fetus (fe/-tus) [fetus, offspring]. The young of vi- viparous animals in the womb ; the embryo in the later stages of development. The following is a table of the development of the embryo and fetus in the 3O FETUS 466 different months of pregnancy. First Month. Indis- tinguishable from ovum of other mammals. It is a flat- tened vesicle. The embryo is nourished by a yelk- Sac which, even at the end of the first month, is larger than the cephalic extremity of the fetus. The Fronto-mental. §§ Occipito- 4. ... frontal. Sub-occipito- & R bregmatic. ‘W Cervico-bregmatic. DIAMETERS OF THE FETAL HEAD. (Tarnier.) visceral arches are distinct. The heart, first traces of liver and kidneys, eyes, rudimentary extremities, oral and anal orifices are formed. The spinal canal closes (spina bifida results if this fails to occur at this time). Length, I cm., or .4 inch. Second Month. Grows to 4 cm. in length (1.57 inches), and is about the size of a pigeon’s egg. The visceral clefts close, except the first, which forms the external auditory meatus, tym- panum, and Eustachian tube. At this time arrest of development results in hare-lip, umbilical hernia, or exomphalos. Eyes, nose, and ears are distinguishable. The first suggestion of hands and feet appears, and these are webbed. External genitals also now develop, but sex is not to be differentiated. Third AMonth. Maternal blood affords nourishment; 9 cm. long (3.6 inches), and about the size of a goose-egg. Fingers and toes lose their webbed character and nails appear as fine membranes. Points of ossification are found in most of the bones. The neck separates the head from the trunk, and sex is determined by the appear- ance of the uterus. Weight, 30 grims. = 463 grains. Fourth Month. I6 cm. = 6 in. in length. Lanugo is present. Intestines contain meconium. Sex is well defined. Weight, 55 grms. = 848.76 grains. Fifth Month. 25 cm. = IO in. Vernix caseosa appears in places. The face is senile in appearance and wrinkled. Eyelids begin to open. Quickening occurs. Heart-sounds are heard. Weight, 273 grims. = Io.8 oz. Sixth AMonth. 30 cm. = I2 in. Hair grows longer. Eyebrows and lashes appear. The testicles approach the inguinal rings. Weight, 715 grims. = 23 oz. Seventh AMonth. 35 cm. = 14 in. Pupillary membrane disappears. Weight,1213 grims. = 39 oz. Bighth Month. 40 cm. = 16 in. Down on the face begins to disappear. The left testicle has descended. Ossification begins in the lower epiphysis of the femur. The nails do not project beyond the finger-tips. Weight, 1617 grms. = 44 lbs. AWinth Mon//i. 45 cm. = I8 in. Subcutaneous fat increases. Diameters of the head about I to I }4 cm. less than at term. Weight, 1990 grms. = 5% lbs. Mature #,ENGTHS AND WEIGHTS OF THE FETUS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT. I st month, 1 cm. .4 in. 2d 4. 1.57 “ - 3d º 9 “ 3.6 “ 30 grims. 463 grains. 4th I6 “ 6 “ 55 & 4 848.76 “ 5th “ 25 “ Io “ 273 “ Io.8 oz.S. # , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 3 I I2I3 39 8th “ 40 “ 16 “ 1617 & 4 4% lbs. § 45 ‘‘ 18 4 & I990 & t 5% 4 & IOt 50 “ 20 { { 2737 & 7% 4 : pied by the fetus in the mother's womb. Fever (fe/-ver) [febris, a fever]. FEVER Fetus. 50 cm. long = 20 inches; weight, 2737 grims. = 7% lbs. Skin is rosy; lanugo has disappeared. The nails are perfect and project beyond the finger tips. The eyes are opened. The center of ossifi- cation in the lower epiphysis of femur is 5 mm. in diameter, while that of the cuboid bone is just be- ginning to show. Diameters of head are normal. F., Amorphous. See Amideus. F. Anideus. See Ani- deus. F. in fetu (fetus within the fetus), the name applied to those interesting inclusions in which the stronger fetus in its growth has included within its organism the parts of the weaker fetus. F. papyra- ceus, the name given to the malformation resulting in a twin-pregnancy, when, owing to an inequality in the circulation of the embryos, the weaker fetus dies, and by the continually increasing pressure of the growing fetus is flattened more and more against the uterine walls, until the mass has a thickness little greater than stout parchment. F., Position of, the position occu- It may be oblique, transverse, or longitudinal. Also, the posi- tion occupied by the fetus with reference to the mother's pelvis. See Table (p. 467). F., Presen- tation of, that part of the fetus that presents in labor. See Presentation. Feuillea (fu-i/-e-ah) [after Louis Feuillet, a French naturalist]. A genus of cucurbitaceous climbing plants. The seeds of F. cordifolia, of Jamaica, are emetic and purgative. F. trilobata, of Brazil, has similar qualities. Unof. - A systemic disease or symptom of disease whose distinctive characteristic is elevation of temperature, accompanied also by quickened circulation, increased katabolism or tissue- waste, and disordered secretions. F., Abdominal. See F., Typhoid. F., Adeno-nervous. Synonym of Plague, g. v. F., Adeno-typhoid. Synonym of A., Mediterranean. F., African. See A., Yellow, and Dengue. Also the same as F., Congo. F. and Ague. See F., Intermittent. F., Amatory. See Amatory. F., Anomalous, one the symptoms of which are irregular. F., Aquamalarial. Same as F., Malarial. F., Ardent, a non-specific, continued fever occurring in hot climates, in which the ordinary symp- toms of febricula are exaggerated. See Ardent. F., Articular. See Dengue. F., Asthenic, one with a low-fever temperature, weak circulation, and great loss of nervous force. F., Ataxic. See F., Typhus. F., Atypic. See F., Anomalous. F., Ballast, fever on shipboard; said to be due to decaying organic matter in the ballast. F., Barbadoes. Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Barcelona. Synonym of R., Vellow. F.-bark. See Alstonia. F., Bilious, one accom- panying affections of the digestive organs. F., Black. Synonym of Cerebro-spinal meningitis. F., Blackwater, a fever occurring on the west coast of Africa, and characterized by attacking only those who have already suffered from malarial fever. There is a chill followed by lumbar pain, slight jaundice, fever, and the passage of porter-like urine. Bilious vomiting may occur, and death with uremic symptoms. It occurs in paroxysms—in other words, it is a paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. F., Bladdery. I. A vulgar name for Pemphigus. 2. Same as F., Catheter. F.-blister, a vesicular or pustular dermal eruption seen near the mouth, after a febrile disturb- ance, often occurring after a common cold. See Herpes facialis and H. labialis. F., Boa Vista. Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Bona, a form of malignant malarial fever in Algeria. F., Bouquet. Synonym of Dengue. F., Brain, fever associated with cerebral disturbance, or with inflammation of the cerebral meninges. F., TABLE OF THE POSITIONS AND PRESENTATIONS OF THE FETUS. * :* § MORTALITY. & : & O ºf —— Ž 2. 2. 8 É à P F tº : # 9 g VARIETIES. : 32 POSITION OF FETUS. *ś." : 3. § E ? > tº Sº {- ſº p. p. Oſ) 2 P- {r} H. ſh- ſº ſi, º, ſº < O > Vertex. 95 per | Left occipito- L.O.A. | 70 per Occiput to left acetabulum, fore- || One, inch below, and 5 per Less - cent. of anterior. cent. head to right sacro-iliac joint; to left of umbilicus. Cent. than I all cases. , - back to left; extremities to right, per | above. Cent. Left occipito- || L.O.P. Occiput to leſt sacro-iliac joint, In left flank, below a Over 9 posterior. forehead to right acetabulum; transverse, line per - - back in left flank; extremities through umbilicus. Cent. to right, anteriorly. - Right occipito- R.O.A. Occiput to right acetabulum, fore- | Near median line, be- Over 9 anterior. head to left sacro-iliac joint; low umbilicus. per back to right; extremities to Ceilt. left, above. Right occipito- || R. O.P. 30 per Occiput to right sacro-iliac joint, In right flank, below ; 5 per posterior. cent. forehead to left acetabulum; a trans verse line cent. back in right flank; extremi- through umbilicus. ties to left, anteriorly. Face. % of I | Left mento- L.M.A. Second Chin to left acetabulum, forehead | Left side of abdomen, 13 to 15 6 per per cent. anterior. in fre- to right sacro-iliac joint; back | below umbilicus. per Cent. . quency. to right; extremities to left. Cent. Left men to- L.M.P. Chin to left sacro-iliac joint, fore- Left side of abdomen, posterior. head to right acetabulum ; back below umbilicus. - to right; extremities to left. Right mento- || R.M.A. Chin to right acetabulum, fore- Right side of abdomen, anter 101". head to left sacro-iliac. joint;| below umbilicus. back to left; extremities to right. Right mento- R.M.P. Most Chin, to right sacro-iliac joint, Right side of abdomen, posterior. com- forehead to left acetabulum; below umbilicus. mon. back to left; extremities to right. Brow. % of I | Left fronto-an- L.F.A. Brow to left acetabulum; chin to Left side of abdomen, 30 per Io per per cent. terior. i. sacro-iliac joint; back to below umbilicus. cent. cent. left; extremities to right, above. Left fronto- L.F.P. Brow to left sacro-iliac joint; chin Left side of abdomen, posterior. to right acetabulum ; back to below umbilicus. r left; extremities to right, above. Right fronto- || R.F.A. Brow to right acetabulum; chin Right side of abdomen, anterior. to leſt sacro-iliac joint; back to below umbilicus. right; extremities to left, above. Right fronto- || R.F.P. Brow to right sacro-iliac joint; Right side of abdomen, posterior. chim to left acetabulum ; back to below umbilicus. right; extremities to left, above. Shoulder. ¥4 of I | Left dorso-an- L.D.A. | Most Head in left iliac fossa, back an- Left side of abdomen, |Almost II per . per cent. terior. COIIl- terior; extremities on right side, below umbilicus. 50 per cent. II]. On , in upper part of abdomen. Cent. Left d or so - || L.D.P. Head in left iliac fossa, back pos- Frequently cannot be posterior. terior; extremities on right side, heard. in upper part of abdomen. Right dorso- || R.D.A. Head in right iliac fossa, back | Right side of abdomen, anterior. anterior; extremities, on left | below umbilicus. side, in upper part of abdomen. Right dorso- || R.D.P. Head in right iliac fossa, back | Right side of abdomen, posterior. posterior; extremities on left | below umbilicus to- - - side, in upper part of abdomen. ward the flank. Breech. 3 to 4 per | Left, sacro-an- L.S.A. | Most Sacrum to left acetabulum; back | Left side of abdomen, 30 per | Less cent. of terior, com- to left anterior; abdomen to above umbilicus. cent. than I all cases. Ill Oil. right posterior. per Cent. Left sacro-pos- L.S.P. Sacrum to left sacro-iliac joint; Left side of abdomen, terior. back to left posterior; abdomen above umbilicus and to right anterior. toward the back. Right sacro- || R.S.A. | Sacrum to right acetabulum ; Right side of abdomen, anterior. - back to right anterior; abdomen | above umbilicus. - to left posterior. - Right sacro- R.S.P. Sacrum to right sacro-iliac joint; Right side of abdomen, posterior. back to right posterior; abdo- above umbilicus and men to left anterior. toward the back. 467 FEVER 468 Breslau, a contagious, epidemic disease in Breslau in the middle of the 18th century. Its nature is not known. F., Brokenwing. Synonym of Dengue. F., Bucket. Synonym of Dengue. F., Bulam. Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Burdwan, a form of Indian malarial fever. F.-bush. Spice-wood. The bark and fruit of Zindera benzoin, an aromatic stimu- lant and tonic. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. Dose of the fla. ext, of the bark 3.j—ij; of the berries mixx–3 j. Unof. F.-bush, California. See Garrya. F., Camp. See F., Typhus. F., Carbuncular. Synonym of Anthrax. F., Catarrhal, one with a catarrhal affection of the air-passages. Synonym of Influenza. F., Catheter, a severe remittent fever sometimes following the passage of the cathe- ter or sound. F., Cerebro-spinal, a malignant epi- demic fever characterized by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck, retraction of the head, hyperesthesia, etc., with lesions of the cerebral and spinal membranes; it is due to a specific poison. F., Cesspool. Synonym of F., Typhoid. F., Chagres. Synonym of F., Yellow, or F., Malarial. F., Chickahominy. A synonym of F., Typho- malarial. F., Child-bed. See F., Puerperal. F., Colorado. Synonym of Dengue. F., Congestive, a malignant form of a remittent or intermittent malarial fever. Also a synonym of Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. F., Congo, African fever. A form of fever, of mala- rial origin, and often of pernicious type, that prevails on parts of the W. African coast. F., Contagious. Synonym of F., Typhus. F., Continued, one in which there is a slowly continuous rise of temperature until a not high acme is reached, whence the fever ends fatally or slowly subsides. F., Country. See A., Florida. F., Cretan. Same as F., Malta. F., New, of Crete. Synonym of F., Mediterranean. F., Dandy. Synonym of Dengue. F., Date. Synonym of Dengue. F., Deccan. Synonym of F., Pernicious Malarial. F., Diary. Synonym of F., Ephemeral. F., Dothienteric. Synonym of F., 73%hoid. F., Dynamic. Synonym of F., A'elapsing. F., Elephantoid, a name given to the severe febrile symptoms that often attend the onset of AElephantiasis arabum. F., Enteric. See F., Typhoid. F., Epidemic Catarrhal. Synonym of Influenza. F., Epidemic Gastro-rheumatic. Syno- nym of Dengue. F., Epihippic, influenza in the horse. F., Eruptive, that accompanied or suc- ceeded by an eruption on the skin. Examples are F., Scarlet, Measles, Röthełm, Smallpox, Vaccination, Varicella, Frysipelas, Dengue. F., Eruptive Epi- demic, of India. Synonym of Zengzte. F., Essential. See F., Idiopathic. F., Famine. See F., Kelapsing. F., Feco-malarial. See F., Medi- terranean. F.—few, the herb Pyrethrum parthenium, a stimulant tonic with emmenagogue and anthelmintic properties. Dose of the fla. ext, 3.j-ij. Unof. F., Five-day. Synonym of F., Relapsing. F., Florida, Country Fever; a form of fever occurring in tropical or sub-tropical countries, resembling malaria or typhoid fever. It is due to the prolonged action of high temperatures. F., Gastric, a term used indefinitely to indicate any febrile ailment associated with abdom- inal symptoms. It may be a simple febricula or some graver affection. F., Gastrobilious. See F., Medi- ferranean. F., Gibraltar. Synonym of F., Mediter- ranean. F., Hay, a disease of the mucous membranes of the nasal and respiratory passages, also at times involving the conjunctiva and eyeball. It is marked by catarrhal inflammation, coryza, and abundant lachry- mation, with well-marked asthmatic attacks and great depression. It is due to the pollen of the grains and See F., Typhus. FEVER other grasses, and to dust, odors, perfumes, and irrita- ting substances acting upon a hypersensitive Schneide- rian membrane in those with a marked nervous con- stitution. It is also attributed to the influence of microbes that float in the air. Climate seems to be a potent factor in the etiology in certain cases. F., Heat. Synonym of Insolation. F.-heat, the heat of fever. F., Hectic. Synonym of Tabes mesenterica. Also the fever that accompanies pulmonary tubercu- losis and other diseases attended with suppuration. F., Hemo-gastric. See F., Yellow. F., Hospital. F., Idiopathic, one the cause of which escapes detection. F., Inflammatory. Syno- nym of Anthrax. F., Intermittent, one in which the symptoms intermit, with intermediate periods of free- dom from the febrile attack. This is the common form of malarial fever. F., Italian. Synonym of ſºftuenza and of F., Mediterranean. F., Jail. Synonym of A., Typhus. F., Jungle, a remittent fever of India. F., Kendal. Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Leghorn. Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Lent. Synonym of F, Typhoid. F., Levant. Synonym of F., A'elapsing. F., Low, fever of an asthenic type. F., Lung, acute croupous pneumonia. F., Lying-in. Synonym of A., Puerperal. F., Maculated. Synonym of F., Zyphus. F., Malarial, a febrile condition of periodic character dependent upon the presence of the hematozoa malariae. F., Malarial Typhoid, typhoid fever modified by simultaneous malarial infection. F., Malignant, a severe and fatal form of any fever. F., Malta. See A., Mediterranean. F., Marsh. Synonym of F., Malarial. F., Mediterranean, Gastrobilious Fever; Feco-malarial Fever; Malta Fever; Italian Fever; Neapolitan Fever; Cretan Fever; Rock Fever; Gibral- tar Fever; a specific febrile disease occurring particul- ary on the Mediterranean coast, and characterized by long, irregular pyrexia, frequent relapses, rheumatic complications, constipation, and the absence of ulcera- tion of Peyer's patches. It has an incubation period of from six to nine days. The temperature may rise to 104° or Iob° F., and in fatal cases to IIo° F. The course is often prolonged to from three months. to a year or more. The mortality rate is about two per cent. F., Mesenteric. Synonym of Zabes mesenterica. F., Miasmatic. Synonym of F., Malarial. F., Miliary, an affection formerly very common, occurring in an epidemic form, with a prodromal stage of two or three days, during which there is great irritation of the skin, debility, and a feeling of suffocation. This is followed by profuse sweating, high fever, precordial and epigastric distress, and the appearance on the third or fourth day of a rash, first upon the neck and breast, consisting of numerous round or irregular spots, in the center of which vesicles arise that finally burst and form crusts. Desquamation and slow convales- cence follow. F., Military. Synonym of F., Ty- phus. F., Milk, a form of slight puerperal septi- cemia, formerly thought to be due to the formation of milk in the mother's breast. F., Mountain. Syno- nym of F., Typhoid. F., Mucous. A synonym of A., Typhoid, '7. v. F., Neapolitan. See F., Medi- terranean. F., New. Synonym of F, Malta. F., Night-soil. Synonym of F., Typhoid. F., Och- lotic. Synonym of A., 73%zes. F., Paludal. See A., Zntermittent. F., Panama, an endemic fever on the Isthmus of Panama; pernicious malarial fever. F., Periodic. See F., Infermittent. F., Pernicious, a malignant fatal type of remittent or intermittent malarial fever. F., Peyerian. Synonym of F, Typhoid. F., Prison, typhus fever. F., Puerperal, Metria; an acute, heterogenetic, contagious febrile affection of women in child-bed. It is due to the in- FEVER 469 troduction of germs and septic material into the sys- tem, the poisonous agents finding entrance through the wounds and lacerations of the genital tract conse- quent upon parturition. In some cases these wounds take on an unhealthy condition with the formation over them of a whitish or grayish pellicle; they then form the so-called diphtheric ulcers, although they bear no relation to true diphtheria. In other cases there may start up a gangrenous condition spreading rapidly to the adjoining tissues. Virchow calls this variety Erysipelas Malignum Internum, g. v. It may assume a number of other forms, all of which are of a greater or lesser degree of gravity. F., Puking. Synonym of Miſé-sickness. F., Pulmonic. A syno- nym of Croupous Pneumonia. F., Putrid. Synonym of AE, 7%%us. F., Pyogenic. Synonym of Sºrangles. F., Pythogenic. Synonym of F., Typhoid. F., Quinin, fever produced by large doses of quinin; it is attended with hematuria, dysuria, dyspnea, threat- ened collapse. F., Red. Synonym of Dengue. . F., Relapsing, Famine Fever; an acute specific febrile disease characterized by a short paroxysm of fever, ending in crisis, followed by a well-marked remission, and that by a relapse on or about the fourteenth day. The fever is high and the patient restless; there is no characteristic eruption; but the patient emits a peculiar musty odor like that of burning straw. Epistaxis, often profuse, is present. A crisis is usual on the seventh day and is attended usually by some critical discharge. In seven days, or a little sooner, the relapse occurs, last- ing from a few hours to seven days or more. During convalescence there may be a flaky desºluamation. There is always in this disease marked enlargement of the spleen ; the liver also is enlarged, as well as the kid- neys. The disease is due to the presence in the blood of a specific spirillum, which is only seen during the parox- ysms. F., Remittent, a paroxysmal fever with exacer- bations and remissions, but not intermissions; usu- ally applied specifically to remittent malarial fever. F., Rheumatic. See Rheumatism. F., Rock. Syn- onym of F., Mediterranean. F., Scarlet. See Scarlatina. F., Septic, one due to the admission of septic matter into the system. F., Seven-day. Syn- onym of F, Relapsing. F., Seventeen-day. Syn- onym of F., Kelapsing. F., Ship. Synonym of F, Typhus. F., Shoddy, an illness occurring among shoddy-grinders. The symptoms are headache, malaise, dryness of the fauces, and difficulty of breath- ing. The acute symptoms subside in six or eight hours, but cough and expectoration remain as a chronic condition. F., Siam. Synonym of F, Yellow. F., Simple Continued, a continued, non- contagious fever, varying in duration from one to twelve days, and usually ending in recovery, F., Solar. Synonym of Dengue. F.-Sore, a colloquial name for necrosis of the tibia; also a fever-blister. F., Spiril- lum. Synonym of F, Relapsing. F., Splenic. Synonym of Anthrax. See Pustula maligna. F., Sthenic, fever characterized by abnormal increase of the cardiac and vital activities. F., Stiff-necked. Synonym of Dengue. F., Sudoral. Synonym of F., Mediterranean. F., Summer, hay-fever. F., Sun. Synonym of Insolation. F., Three-day. Synonym of Dengue. F., Traumatic, that following trau- matism, Surgical or accidental. F.—twig. See Climbing Staff-tree and Celastrus. F., Typhoid, Enteric Fever; an acute continued fever due to a specific virus, the bacillus typhosis, and characterized by peculiar intestinal lesions, splenic enlargement, maculae on the skin (rose spots), headache, delirium, diarrhea, prostration, etc. The morbid changes are chiefly in the lower part of the ileum, occasionally FEVER in the upper part of the colon, and consist in a necrotic inflammatory infiltration of the follicular structures and neighboring parts, commonly called “Peyer's patches,” with a catarrhal inflammation of the rest of the intestinal mucous membrane. The stools are the characteristic liquid ocher-colored pas- sages, resembling pea-soup. Epistaxis is frequently an early symptom. The duration of the disease is usually about four weeks. There may be, however, an abor- tive form of the disease ending at from the eighth to the fourteenth day. The afebrile form, which is rare, may have a normal or even subnormal temperature through- out the entire course. Perforation of the bowel, peritonitis, hemorrhage, and tympanites are some of the complications of the disease. Relapses occur in a certain proportion of the cases. The poison of typhoid fever usually enters the system through the drinking-water, or milk, or by inhaling effluvia from drains. Direct contagion from the sick to the healthy plays but a small part in the dissemination of typhoid fever. See Table of Examthemata. F., Typhoid, Ambulatory, the latent form, with illy-defined symp- toms, so that the patient scarcely feels ill enough to go to bed. The prognosis in this form of the disease is often grave. F., Typhoid, Atypical. Synonym of A., Mediterranean. F., Typhoid, Canine, a peculiar form of typhoid fever occurring only among patients who have been previously subject to malaria. The period of invasion is from one to three days, during which the patient complains of general discomfort and constipation. This is followed by a rapid develop- ment of the fever, the temperature almost immediately reaching IO4°F. After the third day diarrhea, epis- taxis, and intestinal hemorrhage occur. The fever sub- sides at the end of the first week, though the diarrhea and enlargement of the spleen continue. The pulse is always slow. F., Typhoid, Intermittent. Syno- nym of F., Mediterranean. F., Typho-malarial, a malarial fever with typhoid symptoms. F., Typhus, an acute, specific, epidemic, contagious, exanthematous fever, probably due to a specific infecting germ, and characterized by a peculiar petechial eruption, depres- sion of the vital powers, profound cerebral manifesta- tions, and absence of any discoverable lesion. It ter- minates by crisis on or about the fourteenth day, or by death from exhaustion or coma. See Bºxanthemata, Table of F., Typhus, Abdominal. Synonym of F., Typhoid. F., Typhus, Walking, typhus fever in which the vital powers are not greatly reduced, so that the patient does not go to bed. F., Urinary, the febrile disturbance that follows the use of the catheter or bougie, or other operation upon the urinary organs, or any distinct impression made upon the urethra or bladder by some other means than these. Urinary fever varies in severity, from a slight chill and moderate rise of temperature to a well- marked chill with considerable rise of temperature. F., Vitular. See Collapse, Parturient. F., Vitulary. See Collapse, Parturient. F.-wort. See Triosteum. F., Wound. Synonym of F., Traumatic. F., Yellow, an acute, specific, infectious, contagious, paroxysmal, malignant fever, occurring mainly in sub- tropical regions, and characterized by three stages —the febrile, the remission, and the collapse. The poison of the disease is destroyed by frost. The period of incubation varies from one to fourteen days. The onset is sudden, the temperature high. There is a tendency to hemorrhage from the nose, mouth, vagina, kidneys, or stomach; the skin and conjunctivae acquire a yellow tint or even a deep olive or mahogany color. There may be vomiting of altered blood. In fatal cases there is found a granular FEVERISH degeneration of the liver-cells. One attack of the disease protects against subsequent seizures; negroes display a peculiar immunity to the disease. Feverish (ſe/-ver-ish) [febris, fever]. affected with fever; febrile. Fexism (ſeks/-īzm)[Austrian]. A form of cretinism seen in Styria (Austria); its victims are locally called ſexi. Fiber (ſi"-ber)[fibra, a thread]. A filamentary or thread- like structure. Applied to the thread-like filaments of muscular, cartilaginous, and tendinous tissues. F., Axial, the central or axial band of a nerve-fiber; it is called also the band of Æemaž and the axis- cylinder. F., Beale's, a spinal nerve-fiber seen in sympathetic ganglion-cells. It becomes a medul- lated nerve. F., Bühlmann’s, peculiar lines formed in carious teeth due to the Bacterium lineola. F., Gott- stein’s, the external ciliated cells and nerve-fibers of the auditory nerve in the cochlea. F. of Corti. See Corti. F. of Gerdy, a transverse band of fibers supporting the hand crosswise and forming the web of the fingers. F. of Müller, a supporting connective tissue that unites the various layers of the retina. F. of Remak, certain pale and non- medullated nerve-fibers, found mostly in branches of the sympathetic nerve. F. of Sharpey, delicate processes or rods that pass through and rivet together the concentric laminae of bone. F., Sustentacular. See F of Müller. F. of Tomes, elongated and branched processes of the odontoblasts of the pulp, filling the dentinal tubules of teeth. Fibra (ſº-braſ) [L.; pl., Fibral. Same as Fiber. Fibration (ft-bra/-shun) L/ibra, fiber]. Fibrous con- struction ; arrangement of fibers. Fibril, or Fibrilla (ſi/-äril, or ſi-briſ/-ah) [dim. of fibra, a fiber]. A small fiber or component filament of a fiber. A name applied to minute nerve-filaments. Fibrillar (ft/-briſ-ar) [fibrilla, a small fiber]. Pertain- ing to fibrillae. F. Contractions, spontaneous con- tractions successively taking place in different bundles of muscular fibers; they are characteristically ob- served in progressive muscular atrophy. Fibrillary (ſi/-briſ-a-re). Same as Fibrillar. Fibrillation (ſi-briſ-a/-shum) [fibrilla, a small fiber]. The quality of being fibrillar; also a fibrillar contrac- tion ; the acquirement of new fibrils. F. of New Tissue, the appearance of fibrillae in new-formed tissue. Fibrin (f/-örin) [fibra, a fiber]. A native albumin or proteid, a substance that, becoming solid in shed blood, plasma, and lymph, causes coagulation of these fluids. It then exists in the shape of innumerable, excessively delicate, closely packed, microscopic, doubly refractive fibrils, entangling the blood-corpus- cles, as in a spider's web, and with them forming the blood-clot or ?/acenza sanguinis. Fibrin forms about O.2 per cent. of the blood and is insoluble in water and ether. It is changed into syntonin by dilute hydrochloric acid. F.-ferment, a ferment obtainable from blood-serum after clotting has occurred. It does not exist in the living, circulating blood. Its activity is destroyed by heating to 70° F. Fibrination (ſi-brim-a/-shum) [fibra, a fiber]. acquirement of an abnormal amount of fibrin. Fibrinogen (ſi-brin/-o-jen) [ftöra, a fiber; yeuvâv, to produce]. A native proteid of the globulin class, obtained from blood-plasma, serous transudations, etc. According to Schmidt it is one of the chief elements in the formation of fibrin (the other being Paraglobu- lin), which occurs dissolved in the plasma, aided by a fibrin-ferment. Fibrinogenic (ſi-brin-o-jen/-ić) [fibra, a fiber; yewvāv, to produce]. Of the nature of fibrinogen. The 470 Somewhat FIBROMA Fibrinogenous (f-brin-off’-em-us) [fibra, a fiber; Yevvāv, to produce]. Forming or producing fibrin. Fibrinoplastic (ſi-brim-o-plas/-tić) [fibra, a fiber; Tââooetv, to form]. Of the nature of fibrinoplastin. Fibrinoplastin (ſi-brin-o-plas/-tin). See Paraglobulin. Fibrinous (f/-brim-us) [fibra, a fiber]. Of the nature of or containing fibrin. - Fibrinuria (fi-brin-u/-re-ah) [fibra, a fiber; oipov, urine]. The presence of fibrin in the urine to an extent that causes its coagulation after the liquid has been voided. It usually occurs in the course of villous cancers of the bladder, or after the use of cantharides. Fibro- (f/-bro-) [ftöra, a fiber]. denote fibrous structure. Fibro-areolar (ſ-bro-ar-eſ-o-lar) [fibra, fiber; areola, dim. of area, an open space]. Containing both fibrous and areolar tissues. Fibroblast (ft/ ... A connective-tissue cell. • Fibro-bronchitis (f-bro-brong-ki/-tis) [fibra, fiber; 8póYºog, the windpipe; truç, inflammation]. Bron- Chitis with the expectoration of fibrinous casts. Fibro-carcinoma (ſº-bro-Aar-sin-o’-mah) [ftóra, fiber; Kapkivoua, carcinoma : £4, Fibrocarcinomata]. A car- cinoma with fibrous elements. Fibro-cartilage (f-bro-AEar/-fil-āj) [fibra, a fiber; car- tilago, gristle]. Cartilage with more or less copious intermixture of fibrous elements. Fibro-cartilaginous (f-bro-Aar-fil-a/-än-us) [fibra, fiber; cartilago, gristle]. Composed of or contain- ing fibro-cartilage. . Fibro-cellular (ſ-bro-se/-u-lar) [ftóra, fiber; cella, cell]. . Both fibrous and cellular; fibro-areolar. Fibro-chondritis (f-bro-kom-dri/-tis) [fibra, fiber; 26vópog, cartilage; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of fibro-cartilage. Fibrocyst (ft/-bro-sist) [fibra, fiber; Küorig, cyst]. A fibroma that has undergone cystic degeneration. Fibro-elastic (ſt-bro-e-las/-tié) [fibra, fiber; 8%aorukóg, elastic]. Consisting partly of fibrous elastic tissue. Fibro-enchondroma (ſt-bro-en-Aon-dro/-mah) [ftöra, fiber; Šv, in ; 26 w8poç, cartilage; 6/la, tumor; pl., Fibro-emchondromata.J. An enchondroma containing fibrous elements. Fibro-glioma (f-bro-gli-o/-mah) [ftóra, fiber; yżia, glue ; Śpia, tumor; pl. , Förogliomata]. A tumor con- sisting in part of fibrous and in part of glious elements. Fibroid (ft/-broid) [fibra, fiber; elóoç, likeness]. A term applied to such structures as possess a fibrous ap- pearance, but cannot be separated into fibers. Also, a fibroid tumor. F. Heart, a chronic form of myo- carditis in which there is a development of fibrous connective tissue in the cardiac muscle. F. Indura- tion. See Induration. F. Phthisis, the very chronic form of phthisis, in which the inflammatory products have taken on a fibroid change. Fibroin (f:/-bro-in) [fibra, fiber], Cisłł,s}\;Os. An albuminoid; a white, shining substance, the chief constituent of the cocoons of insects and spider-web. See also Fibrorizz. Fibro-lipoma (f-bro-º-o/-mah) [ftöra, fiber; AiTog, fat; āga, tumor; pl., Fibro-lipomata]. A neoplasm constituted of both fibrous and fatty elements. Fibroma (ſº-bro/-mah) [ftöra, a fiber; Šua, a tumor: p/., Fibromata]. I. Any fibrous-tissue tumor; it is called also inoma. 2. See Molluscum fibrosum. F., Concentric, a soft, red, vascular form of uterine fibro- ma, forming a general enlargement of the uterus, con- centrically surrounding the uterine cavity. It contains a relatively greater abundance of muscular tissue than the other varieties of fibromata. F. fungoides. See A prefix used to [ftöra, fiber; 8%aoróg, germ]. FIBROMYITIS 471. Granuloma fungoides and Mycosis. F. lipoma- todes. Same as Xanthoma, g. v. F. molluscum. Synonym of Molluscum ſibrosum. F. Synonym of Molluscum fibrosum. Fibromyitis (f-bro-mi-i/-ſis) [fibra, fiber; uig, mus- cle; trug, inflammation]. . Inflammation of a muscle, leading to its fibrous degeneration. Fibro-myoma (ſº-bro-mi-o/-mah) [ſibra, fiber; plug, muscle; bud, a tumor: pl., Pibro-myomata]. A . tumor composed of fibrous and muscular tissue. Fibromyxoma (ft-bro-miks-o'-mah) [fibra, fiber; uíša, mucus; āga, a tumor: pl., Pibromyxomata]. A fibro- ma that is undergoing a myxoid change. - Fibroplastic (f-bro-plas/-tić) [fibra, fiber; Tāāogetv, to form]. Showing a tendency toward the formation of fibers; a term applied to certain cases of spindle- celled sarcoma. - Fibrorin (ft-bror/-in) [ſióra, fiber]. In biology, the substance of which the webs of spiders are composed. Fibro-sarcoma (f-bro-sar-Āo/-mah) [ft/ra, fiber; ačpš, flesh; Śpia, tumor; pl., Fibro-sarcomaſa]. A spindle- celled sarcoma, with elements that cause it to resemble a fibroma. Fibro-serous (ſ-bro-se/-rus) [ſióra, fiber; serum, whey]. Having the qualities of a fibrous and serous structure. F. -s. Membranes, thin, transparent, glist- ening structures forming closed sacs, that contain certain organs. pleurae, the pericardium, the tunica vaginalis testis, the arachnoid, and synovial membranes. Fibrosis (ſi-bro/-sis) [ftöra, fiber]. The development of interstitial fibrous tissue; it occurs as a disease- process in the coats of the smaller blood-vessels at about middle life. F., Arterio-capillary. See Byzdarteritis. Fibrous (f/-brus) [ftóra, a fiber]. Containing fibers; of the character of a fiber. Fibula (fib/-u-lah) [L., a buckle]. The smaller or splint-bone at the outer part of the lower leg articu- lating above with the tibia, and below with the astragalus and tibia. It forms the external malleolus. Fibular (fib/-u-lar) [fibula, a buckle]. Relating to the fibula. Fibulare (ſib-u-la/-re) [L. : pl., Fibularia]. Calcareezeme. - Fibulen (fib’-u-len) [fibula, a buckle]. Belonging to the fibula in itself. Fibulo-calcaneal (ſió-u-lo-AEa/-ka/-ne-al) [fibula, a buckle; calcaneum, the heel]. Pertaining to or con- necting the fibula and the calcaneum. Ficarin (ſić/-ar-in) [ſicus, a fig]. A neutral principle obtained from the common ficary; it is used internally and externally for piles. Ficary (ſik/-ar-e) [ſicaria, ſicus, a fig; a hemorrhoid]. The Ranunculus ſcaria, pilewort, a common European herb, long a popular remedy for piles. Fick's Angle. See Angle. Ficoin (f(-ko-in) [ſicus, a fig]. Doliariin, or cradin; a form of papayin, or vegetable pepsin, obtained from various species of Ficus. t Ficosis (fi-Ao’-sis). See Sycosis. Ficus (ſº-kus) [L., a fig-tree]. I. The fig. fleshy receptacle of F carica, native to Asia Minor, and cultivated throughout Europe and tropical Amer- ica. It contains 62 per cent. of grape-sugar when dry. It is somewhat laxative and fairly nutritious, and is a constituent of Conſectio sennae. The genus Jºcus contains many species. Forms of papayin (cradin, doliariin) occur in several species. " Others afford caoutchouc, lac, etc. condylomatous tumor. Fiddle, Scotch (fid/-/) [ME., ſide/j. The itch. Fiddler’s Muscle. See Aºdicina/. Same as simplex. They are the peritoneum, the two The 2. A hemorrhoidal or FILARIA Fidgets (ſiſ/-ets) [dim. of ſtage]. Uneasiness; restless- ness; dysphoria, 7. v. Fudicinal Muscle. See Muscles, 7able of. Fidispinalis (fid-is-pi-na/-lis) [fidicinus, for playing on stringed instruments; spina, the back]. The muscle called multifidus spinae. See Muscles, Zable of. Field (feld) [ME., feela J. Any space or area, espe- cially the field of vision. F., Contraction of the, occurs in certain retinal and cerebral affections. F. - glass, in an eye-piece, the lens farthest from the eye. F.-hospital, a temporary hospital on a battle-field. F. of Vision, sometimes spoken of simply as the field. The extent of indirect vision with fixation of the visual axis upon one point. Its limit for white light is about 90° outward, 70° inward and above, and 60° downward. The F. for Colors is more restricted ; that for blue is nearly as large as that for white, while that for red and green is more narrow. F., Testing the. See Perimeter. - Fifth Nerve. See Trifacial. F. Ventricle. See Ven- tricle. FIELD OF VISION OF THE LEFT EYE. Fig [ME., fig, a fig]. See Ficus. F.-wart. See Verruca acuminata. F.-wort, the herb Scrophularia modosa, an alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. It is sometimes used in the form of an ointment for piles. Dose of the flö. ext. 3 ss—j. Unof. Figure of Eight. See Bandage. Fila (fi/-/a/.) [L.]. Plural of Filum, g. v. Filament (ft/-am-ent) [filum, a thread]. A small, thread-like structure or part of an organ, as a muscle, nerve, or tendon. F., Spermatic, the caudal filament of a spermatozoön. Filamentation [L., flum, a thread]. Thread forma- tion. A peculiar reaction produced in certain bac- teria (bacillus coli communis, proteus, etc.) when they are brought in contact with blood-serum, and consisting in the formation of long interlacing threads. The reac- tion is best obtained when the bacteria are suspended in Serum derived from the same individual from whose body the bacteria were obtained (so-called “homolo- gous” serum). Filaria (fi-la/-re-ah), [filum, a thread]. A genus of . nematode or thread-worms of the family Filariidae. See Parasites (Animal), Table of F. bancrofti. See FILARIASIS Thread-worms and Parasites (Animal), Table of F. conjunctivae has been taken from the human con- junctiva; it is found chiefly in Africa. F. lentis has been found in cataractous lenses. F. medinensis. See Thread-worms, Guinea-worm, and Parasites (Animal), Table of F. sanguinis hominis, Craw- craw; the embryo of a nematode worm native to the Guinea coast of Africa, which, entering the blood and lymphatics, causes abscesses in the lymph- atic glands, certain forms of Elephantiasis, Q. v., Aymph-scrotum, if the lymphatics of the scrotum are involved, or chyluria, if those of the pelvis are ob- structed. See Parasites (Animal), Table of F. sanguinolenta. See Thread-worms and Parasites (Animal), Table of Filariasis (fi-lar-i/-as-is) [filum, a thread]. A diseased state due to the presence in human blood of Filaria sanguinis, or of an entozoön of some allied species. File (fi/) [ME., ſile, a file]. See Raspatory, Xyster. F.-cutter's Disease, a form of pneumonokoniosis. F., Dental, Odontorine ; Scalprum dentarum; Lima dentaria; a tooth-file ; an instrument for the removal of a portion of one or more teeth. There are files for separating incisor, bicuspid, and molar teeth, etc. Filhos, Caustic of. A cauterizing paste composed of quicklime and caustic potash mixed with alcohol. Filices (f/-is-ez) [L., pl. of Filix, a fern]. Ferns. See F/ix. Filiform (ſiſ/-īform) [filum, a thread; forma, form]. Thread-like. F. Bougie. See Bougie. F. Papillae, the smallest and most numerous of the papillae of the tongue, occurring over its whole surface. F. Appa- ratus, in biology, the longitudinally striated, homo- geneous, strongly refractive, cellulose cap, often found at the apex of each of the two cells (synergidae) forming a part of the germinal apparatus or egg-appa- ratus of plants. Filipuncture (fil-e-punk/-châr) [filum, thread; punc. tura, a puncture]. The passing into an aneurysmal sac of wire-threads, hairs, or the like, to promote coagulation. & Filix (ſiſ-liás) [L.; pl., Filices]. A general name for any fern. F. femina, or feminea, the fern now called Asplenium filix femina, female fern or spleen- wort. See Asplenium. F. mas, male fern. See Aspidium. Filixolin (ſi-lićs/-o-lin) [filex, fern; oleum, oil]. The fatty oil of Male Fern. Filleau's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Fillet (ft/-et) [Fr., ſilet, a thread]. A loop-shaped bandage; a tape loop passed through the handles of an obstetric forceps, or about some part of the fetus, for the purpose of making traction. Also see Lem- miscus. F., Olivary, a fasciculus of nerve-fibers enclosing the olivary body of the medulla. F. Test. See Death, Signs of Filling (ſiſ/-īng) [ME., fillen, to fill]. The material used in closing cavities in carious teeth. Film [ME., ſy/me, a film]. A pellicle or thin skin; an opacity of the cornea. Filoplume (fi/-/o-p/úm) [filum, thread; pluma, a feather]. In biology, an extremely slender, thread- like feather, usually destitute of vane, very abundant on common poultry. Filo-pressure (ſi/-lo-presh/-är) [filum, a thread; pres- sura, a pressing]. Compression of a vessel by means of a wire or a thread. Filovaricosis (ſi-ſo-var-ik-o'-sis) [ſilum, a thread; varix, a dilated vein]. A varicosity of the axis- cylinder of a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. Filter (ſiſ/-ter) [filtrum, felt]. An apparatus for straining and removing from water or other liquid 472 FIOCCA, BACILLUS OF solutions the impurities it may contain. F. Paper, a paper of close, firm mesh, much used by pharma- cists for filtration. Filth [ME., ſilºhe, foulness]. Foul, offensive matter. F.-disease, any disease due to filth, F.-dread. See AMysophobia and Rupophobia. Filtration (fil-tra/-shum) [filtrum, felt]. The opera- tion of straining through bibulous paper. The best white filter-paper should be used for filtering alkaline or alkaloidal solutions. Filtrum (fi/-trum) [L., felt: pl., Filtra]. q. v. 2. A filter or strainer. Filum (f/-lum) [L.]. Any thread-like or filamentous structure ; in surgery, a thread or wire. F. corona- rium, a cord-like ridge that runs along the auricular opening of the heart. F. terminale, the terminal strands of the spinal cord, extending from the first lumbar vertebra through the cauda equina. Fimbria (ſim/-bre-ah) [Lat., a “fringe”; pl., Fim- bria]. Corpus fimbriatum; taenia hippocampi; a zone consisting of alba alone, and forming, as it were, a margin for the hippocamp. There is one in each hemicerebrum between the hippocamp and the rima. F. ovarica, one of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube nearly double the length of the others, and characterized I. Felt, by the great size of its secondary fringes. It leads toward the ovary. Fimbriae (ſim/-bre-e) [ fimbria, a fringe]. Threads; a fringe. F. of Fallopian Tube, the fringe-like processes of the outer extremity of the oviduct. Fimbrial (ſim/-bre-al) [fimbria, a thread]. Relating to the fimbria or to fimbriae. Fimbriated (ſim/-bre-a-ted) [fimbria, a thread]. Fringed; having a shred-like or fimbrial border. Fimbriocele (ſim/-bre-o-se/) [fimbria, a thread; Khàm, hernia]. Hernia enclosing some or all of the fim- briae of an oviduct. - Fimetarious (ſim-et-a/-re-us) [fimus, dung]. ology, growing on dung. Finckler and Prior, Spirillum of. Synonymatic Table of Fine (ſim) [ME., ſin, fine]. Opposed to coarse. F. Adjustment. See Adjustment. In bi- See Bacteria, Finger (fing/-ger), [ME., ſinger]. A digit of the hand. F., Clubbed. See Clubbed Fingers. F., Insane, a finger affected with a variety of chronic whit- low ; it is seen in certain cases of confirmed brain- disorder. F., Mallet, a deformity of a finger charac- terized by deficient extension or undue flexion of the terminal phalanx. F.-stall, a rubber covering for a finger. F., Transparent, a small, round plate of glass set in a metal frame, used by Liebreich in place of digital pressure in lupus-examinations. A lens may be used in place of plain glass, thus illuminating the skin. F., Trigger. See Z}-igger-finger. Fingers and Toes, Numbering of. Among anatoms ists the rule is almost universally followed of number- ing from the thumb and great toe (pollux and hal- lux). Occasionally the index finger is considered number one. Fining (ft/-ning) [ME., ſin, fine]. A term applied to the “clearing ” of wine. It consists in adding to muddy wine some albuminous or similar substance that will mix with the suspended matter and carry it to the bottom or bring it to the surface. The sub- stances most generally employed are white of egg, ox- blood, and milk, or mixtures of these substances. Finlay's Micrococcus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Finn (fin). The cysticercus or larva of a tape-worm. Fiocca, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. * Fissile (fis/-il) [findere, to split]. Fischer's Operation. FIR Fir (fur) [ME., ſir, the fir-tree]. See Abies. F.-bal- sam. See Abies balsamea. F.-wool, a fiber prepared in Germany from pine-leaves. It has been recom- mended, as a material for the clothing of invalids. F.-wool Extract, an extract prepared from the leaves of Pinus sylvestris in the process of separating fir-wool. It is used in chronic rheumatism. Unof. F.-wool Oil (Oleum pini sylvestris, B.P.), the fragrant volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Ainus Sylvestris, used mainly by inhalation. Dose, for rheumatism, IO-2O drops, four times a day. Fire (fir) [ME., fire]. The visible heat of burning bodies. F.-damp, the gas contained in coal, often given off in large quantities, and exploding, on ignition, when mixed with atmospheric air. F. measles. Synonym of Rötheln. F.-weed. Arechthites and Æpilobium. Firing (fir/-ing) [ME., fire, fire]. The application, either slight or caustic, of a hot metallic cauter. The sterilization of a vessel or flask by the combustion of contained alcohol. Firming (furm/-ing) [firmus, firm]. Hardening of the flesh of a slaughtered animal. Marked flaccidity of the flesh is a sign of an unhealthy condition of the meat. - First (furst) [ME., first J. Before all others; fore- most in rank. F. Intention. See Healing. F. Light Oil, the fraction of coal-tar distilling at a tem- perature up to 170°C. It includes a small percentage of ammonia-liquor which is mechanically contained in the tar, and is separated from the tar-oils by being allowed to stand and settle out, when it is drawn off. The specific gravity of this fraction is about .975, and it is made up of benzene, toluene, and higher homo- logues, with phenol, cresol, naphthalene, etc. See Operations, Table of. F.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Fisetin (f-se/-tin). Same as Fustin. Fish [ME., fisch]. A vertebrate with gills and fins, in- - habiting the water. F.-berry. See Cocculus indicus. F.-gelatin. See Glue and Isinglass. F.-roe Bodies. See Fungus Foot. F.-skin Disease. Fisher’s Brain-murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of F.'s Train-murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Fissate (ſis/-ät) [fissus; findere, to cleave]. In bi- ology, applied to antennae or other structures having the terminal portion divided or split into two parts. That which may be split or cleft. In biology, formed of plates or scales closely placed together. Fission (fish/-un) [fissus, findere, to cleave]. In bi- ology, spontaneous self-division of unicellular organ- isms or histologic cells, as a process of multiplication. Fissipalmation (ſis-ip-al-ma’-shun) [fissus; findere, to cleave; palma, palm]. In biology, applied to ani- mals having the toes, incompletely webbed. Fissipara (ſis-iº/-ar-ah) [fissus; findere, to cleave; parus, produce]. In biology, applied in a general way to all organisms that multiply by spontaneous self-division. - Fissiparation (ſis-ip-ar-a/-shun) [findere, to split; parere, to produce]. A form of cell-division. See Cell. Fissiparous (ſis-iº/-ar-us) [findere, to split; parere, to produce]. Propagating by fission; applied to uni- cellular organisms or histologic cells that undergo spon- taneous self-division in the process of multiplication. See Fission. Fissural Integer (fish/-är-al inſ-te-jer). See Integer. Fissuration (fish-ār-a/-shum) [findere, to split]. Same as Fission. Also applied to the arrangement of the fissures of various organs, such as the brain. 473 See See Ichthyosis. FISSURE Fissure (fish'-ar) [fissura ; findere, to cleave]. A groove or cleft. A term applied to the clefts or grooves in various organs. F., Abdominal, a sepa- ration of the recti muscles of the abdomen, either above and below the umbilicus, or both. F., Ac- cessory, the inferior end of the cartilaginous por- tion of the Eustachian tube. F., Adoccipital (of Wilder), an inconstant cerebral fissure, extending across the caudal portion of the precuneus, and forming an acute angle with the occipital fissure. ... F., Ammon's, during the early fetal period, a pyriform fissure in the lower portion of the Sclerotic coat of the eye. F., Amygdaline (of Wilder), a cerebral fis- sure on the mesal aspect of the tip of the temporal lobe; it may be identical with the basirrhinal fissure of Owen; it is collocated with the amygdala. F., Anal. See F. of the Anus. F., Anterior (of Burdach), a cere- bral fissure, probably the presylvian. F., Anterior (of spinal cºrd). See F., Anterior Median (of final Gord). F., Anterior Lateral (of spinal cord), a groove on the ventro-lateral aspect of the spinal cord. F., Anterior Median (of medulla oblongata), the continuation of the ventral fissure of the cord into the oblongata, where it terminates at the pons in the foramen cecum. F., Anterior Median (of spina/ cord), a deep longitudinal groove in the median line of the ventral aspect of the spinal cord. F., Antero- lateral, a slightly marked depression along the ventro- lateral column of the spinal cord, separating the latter into the ventral and lateral columns. F., Antero- median. See F., Anterior Median (of spinal cord). F., Antero-parietal. See F., Precentral. F., Anti- tragohelicine, a fissure between the helix, and the antitragus of the external ear. F., Antorbital (of Owen), a transverse fissure on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe of the brain near its cephalic margin. F. of the Anus, a linear ulcer at the muco-cutaneous junction of the anus, giving rise to intense suffering on defecation. F., Ape, I. The dorsal extension of an unusually deep occipital fissure. 2. An independent fissure on the lateral aspect of the cerebrum, between the occipital and temporal regions (the exoccipital ſis- sure of Wilder). F., Auricular, an opening situated between the vaginal and mastoid processes of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, through which passes the auricular branch of the pneumogastric nerve. F., Basirrhinal (of Owen), a short fissure near the tip of the temporal lobe of the brain. F., Basisylvian (of Wilder), the stem of the Sylvian fis- sure on the ventral aspect of the cerebrum. F. of Bichat. See F., Cerebral, Transverse. F., Branchial, any one of the visceral clefts. F. of Broca. See F., A.imbic. F., Burdach's. See F., Anterior, and A., Superior. F. of Calamus scriptorius, the ter- mination of the mesal fissure of the fourth ventricle at the apex of the calamus. F., Calcarine, a fissure on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum, extending from near the occipital end and joining the occipital fissure; it is collocated with the calcar or hippocampus minor. F., Callosal (of Owen), the space between the dorsal surface of the callosum and the overhanging cortex. F., Calloso-marginal, one on the mesal surface of the cerebral hemisphere, dividing the area between the callosum and the margin into nearly equal parts; opposite to the splenium it turns in a dorsal direction. F., Central, a deep and constant fissure extending from the dorsal margin in a ventro-cephalic direction, at an angle of about 67° with the meson ; it crosses . the lateral aspect of the cerebrum at about the middle of its length; the fissure of Rolando. F., Cephalic, in Schizomemertimes, a longitudinal fissure on each side of the head. F., Cerebral, Great. See F., Cerebra!, FISSURE 474 Transverse (of the brain). F., Cerebral, Inferior. See F., Transverse, Inferior. F., Cerebral, Small. See F., Zºansverse, Inferior. F., Cerebral, Trans- verse. See F., Transverse (of brain). F., Cervical, a congenital cleft in the cervical region, produced by a failure of union of the visceral clefts. F., Choroidal. See F., Cerebral, Transverse. F., Circuminsular (of Wilder), the groove surrounding the base of the insula. F. of Clevenger. See F., Occipital, Inferior. F., Collateral, a fissure on the mesal aspect of the cere- brum between the subcalcarine and subcollateral gyri; it is collocated with the collateral eminence. F., Collateral, Inferior, in lower animals, a slight de- pression in the spinal cord corresponding to the ventro- lateral fissure in man. F., Collateral, Superior, in lower vertebrates, a groove in the spinal cord corre- sponding to the postero-lateral groove in man. F., Constant (of Wilder), any fissure of the adult cere- brum that is always present in a given spécies or group. Among the human constant fissures are: Calcarine, callosal, central, collateral, circuminsular, olfactory, hippocampal, Sylvian, transinsular, occipital, orbital, parietal, postcentral, precentral, subfrontal, supertem- poral. F., Coronal (of Owen), on the lateral aspect of the carnivoral cerebrum, the frontal portion of the third arched fissure. F., Cruciate, in nearly all the carnivora, a fissure extending laterad, and forming, with its opposite, a Roman cross with the intercerebral fissure. F., Dentate. See F., Hippocampal. F., Dorsal, in embryology, the dorsal median fissure of the spinal cord. F. of the Ductus venosus, a fissure of the fetal liver, lodging the ductus venosus. It is indistinct in the adult. F. of Ecker. See A., Occipital, Transverse. F., Ectoccipital (of Owen), an illy-defined transverse fissure near the tip of the occipital lobe of the brain. F., Ectofrontal (of Owen), a fissure corresponding in position with the anterior fissure of Sylvius. F., Ectorrhinal (of Owen), a furrow just laterad of the base of the olfactory crus. F., Ectosylvian (of Owen), in Carnivora, the first or lowest arched fissure. F., Ectotentorial (of Owen), the outer fissure on the ventral surface of the occipital lobe. F., Endomesognathica, an occasional fissure in the superior maxilla, between the endognathion and mesognathion. F., Entoccipital (of Owen), an illy- defined fissure on the occipital lobe. F., Entolamb- doid. See F., Adoccipital. F., Entorbital (of Owen), an inconstant fissure between the olfactory and orbital fissures. F., Entorrhinal. See F., AEctor- rhina/. F., Entotentorial. See F., AEctotentorial. F., Episylvian (of Wilder), an inconstant dorsal branch of the Sylvian fissure. F., Ethmoid, the superior meatus of the nares. F., Exoccipital (of Wilder), the ape-fissure, 7. v. F., Falcial (of Owen), a fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F., Fetal, Ocular, in the embryonic eye, a fissure in the thick wall surrounding the lens. A coloboma re- sults if it be not closed. F., Fimbrial, a small and constant depression between the fasciola and the fim- bria. F., Frontal (of Owen), the precentral and supercentral fissures of man. F., Frontal, First. See F., A'rontal, Supe, ior. F., Frontal, Inferior, the subfrontal fissure. F., Frontal, Superior, the superfrontal fissure. F., Frontal, Vertical. See F. of A'olando. F., Fronto-marginal, an inconstant fissure in the fronto-marginal convolution. F. for the Gall-bladder, a shallow depression on the lower Sur- face of the right lobe of the liver for the accommoda- tion of the gall-bladder. F. of Glaser. See F of Glaserius. F. of Glaserius, a small fissure in the outer wall of the tympanic cavity opening into the glenoid fossa. It lodges the processus gracilis of the FISSURE malleus, and transmits the laxator tympani muscle. and the anterior tympanic artery. F., Glenoid. See A. of Glaserius. F., Hippocampal, a constant fissure of the cerebrum extending from the splenium to near the tip of the temporal lobe; it is collocated with the hippocamp. F., Horizontal. See F., Calcarine. F., Horizontal, Great (of brain). See F., Calcarine. F., Hyposylvian (of Wilder), an inconstant ventral branch of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Incisor, a fissure separat- ing the intermaxillary bone from the superior maxillae. F., Infero-lateral. See F., Calcarine. F., In- flected, an inconstant indentation of the dorsal margin. of the cerebrum, a little cephalad of the central fissure. F., Infra-orbital. See A., Suborbital, and F, Sphemo-maxillary. F., Insular (of Wilder), one of the fissures crossing the insula. F., Intra- gyral (of Wilder), a small cerebral fissure occasion- ally developed between the larger fissures. F., Intra-orbital, in the dog’s brain, a fissure between the olfactory bulb and the supraorbital fissure. F., Intraparietal. See F., Parietal. F., Intrapara- central (of Wilder), a nearly constant depression in the paracentral gyrus. F., Intercerebral (of Wilder), the great longitudinal fissure of the brain. F., Intergyral (of Wilder), a fissure between two cerebral gyri. F., Interhemispheral. See A., Zongitudinal, Great (of brain). F., Interhemis- pheric. See F., Longitudinal, Great (of brain). F., Interlamellar, one of the fissures separating the la- mellae of the cerebellum. F., Interlobar (of Wilder), the fissures of the brain separating the lobes. F., Interlobular, the great longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum. F., Interlobular, Great. See A. of Sylvius. F., Intermedial (of Jensen), an inconstant fissure near the end of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Interpalpebral. See F., Palpebral. F. Interparie- tal. See F., Parietal. F., Interpeduncular, the depression between the crura cerebri. F., of Jensen. See F., Intermedia/. F., Lambdoid. I (of Owen), the occipital fissure, g. v.; 2 (of Wilder), in the fetus, between the third and seventh months, a sharply defined transverse depression in the occipital lobe, collocated with the lambdoid suture. F., Lateral, a straight fissure between the suprasylvian and the longitudinal fissures. F., Lateral (of Owen), an inconstant fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F., Lateral (of spinal cord). See F., Antero-lateral. F., Lateral, Posterior (of spinal cora). See F., Postero-lateral. F., Limbic (of Broca), the fissure surrounding Broca's great limbic lobe. It includes the supercallosal, precuneal, and part of the collateral fissures. F., Longitudinal (of brain). See F., Longitudinal, Great (of brain). F., Longitu- dinal (of liver), a deep fissure on the under surface of the liver, separating the right and left lobes. F., Longi- tudinal, Great (of brain), the deep mesal fissure that divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres. F., Longitudinal, Medilateral. See F., Intercerebral. F., Longitudinal, Posterior (of spinal cord), a deep, narrow groove, extending the whole length of the spinal cord, in the middle line posteriorly. F., Longitudinal, Superior. See F., Intercerebral. F., Marginal (of Owen), a fissure on the mesal surface of the cerebrum, forming the cephalic boundary of the paracentral convolutions. F., Maxillary, a fissure on the internal surface of the superior maxilla for the maxillary process of the palate bone. It extends obliquely downward and forward from the lower por- tion of the orifice of the antrum. F., Medial, a fis- sure parallel with and posterior to the fissure of Ro- lando. F., Median, Posterior (of spinal cord). See A., Zongitudinal, Posterior (of spinal cord). F., Me- FISSURE 475 difrontal (of Owen), an inconstant fissure, subdividing the medifrontal convolutions. F., Meditemporal (of Wilder), inconstant and irregular fissures, ventrad of the supertemporal fissure. F., Meso-exognathic, an occasional fissure in the superior maxilla between the exognathion and mesognathion. F., Midfrontal. See F., Medifrontal. F., Midoccipital. See F.- Orbital. F., Midorbital. See F., Orbital. F.- needle, a spiral needle for bringing together the lips of a wound. F. of Nipple, a linear ulceration radi- ating from the nipple during lactation. It results from improper care of the breast. F., Occalcarine (of Wilder), the common stem of which the occipital and calcarine fissures are branches. F., Occipital. I (of Owen), the mid-occipital fissure, an illy-defined, incon- stant fissure on the dorso-caudal slope of the occipital lobe; 2 (of Pansch), a deep and constant fissure, situated between the parietal and occipital lobes of the brain; the occipito-parietal. F., Occipital, Anterior (of Schwalbe), a fissure between the occipito-temporal and the inferior temporo-sphenoidal lobes of the brain. F., Occipital, External. See F., Ape. F., Oc- cipital, Inferior (of Clevenger), a small fissure between the second and third occipital convolutions. F., Occipital, Transverse (of Æcker), a transverse fissure on the dorsal surface of the occipital lobe of the brain; it is part of the paroccipital fissure. F., Oc- cipito-parietal. See F., Occipital. F., Occipito- temporal. See F., Collateral. F., Olfactory, a de- pression on the ventral aspect of the frontal lobe, lodging the olfactory bulb and crus. F., Orbital, a fissure on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe exter- nal to the olfactory fissure. F., Orbital, Anterior. See F., Spheno-maxillary. F., Orbital, Posterior. See F., Sphenoid. F., Orbito-frontal, a partial fis- sure on the lateral aspect of the brain, separating the super-frontal and orbital convolutions. F. of Owen. See A'issures, Antorbital, Basirrhinal, Callosal, Corozza!, Actoccipital, Ectofrontal, Octorrhinal, Ectosylvian, Ecto- tentorial, Entoccipital, Entorbital, Falcial, Frontal, Lambdoid, Marginal, Medifrontal, Occipital, Post- frontal, Posthippocampal, Postoccipital, Postorbital, Postseptal, Postsylvian, Rhina!, Septal, Suðfalcial, Suðsy/vian, Supercal/osal, Supersy/vian. F., Pal- pebral, the space between the eyelids extending from the outer to the inner canthus. F. of Pansch. See F., Occipital. F. of Pansch and Dalton. See F., Parietal. F., Paracentral (of Wilder), a fissure on the mesal surface of the cerebrum, surrounding the paracentral lobule. F., Parallel. See F., Super- temporal. F., Parietal. 1 (of Wilder), the parietal portion of the intraparietal fissure; 2 (of Pansch and Dalton), a fissure between the parietal lobules, beginning near the ventral end of the central fissure, and running to near the tip of the occipital lobe; it includes the parietal and paroccipital fissures. F., Parieto-occipital. See F., Occipital. F., Parieto- occipital, External, the lateral portion of the occipital fissure. F., Paroccipital (of Wilder), the occipital portion of the intraparietal fissure. . . F., Peri- toneal, a fissure of the lateral mesoblastic plates of the embryo, constituting the rudiment of the great visceral cavity. F., Perpendicular, External. See F., Parieto-occipital, External and F., Ape. F., Per- pendicular, Internal, the portion of the occipital fis- sure on the mesal surface of the hemisphere. F., Petro- squamosal, or Petro-squamous, a small fissure be- tween the petrosa and internal surface of the squamosa. F., Petro-tympanic, a fissure in the tympanic ring, lodging the long process of the malleus. F., Petroso-angular, a fissure between the apex of the pyramidal portion of the petrosa and the great wing FISSURE of the sphenoid. F., Petro-basilar, a fissure be- tween the petrosa and the sphenoid and occiput, join- ing the middle lacerated and jugular foramina. F.-plane, a term employed to designate the entire length and depth of a fissure of the brain. F., Pomatic (of Wilder), in monkeys, a fissure crossing the cerebrum opposite the dorsal end of the occipital fissure; it forms the margin of the poma or oc- cipital operculum. F., Portal. See F., Transverse (of liver). F., Postcalcarine (of Wilder), an incon- stant vertical fissure at the occipital end of the cere- brum. F., Postcentral, a fissure just posterior and parallel to the central fissure. F., Postero-inter- mediary, a slight depression in the dorsal portion of the cervical region of the spinal cord. F., Postero- lateral, a groove on the posterior portion of the side of the spinal cord, corresponding to the line of emergence of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. F., Postero-median (of spinal cord). See F., Median, Posterior (of spinal cord). F., Postfrontal of Owen), the frontal fissure. F., Posthippocampal of Owen). See F., Calcarine. F., Postoccipital of Owen), an inconstant vertical fissure forming the anterior boundary of the superior occipital convolu- tion. F., Postorbital (of Owen), a portion of the orbital fissure. F., Postparoccipital (of Wilder), an inconstant fissure in the occipital portion of the par- occipital gyrus. F., Postseptal (of Owen), a small vertical fissure on the mesal surface of the posterior portion of the occipital lobe. F., Post- sylvian (of Owen), the supertemporal or parallel fissure. F., Precentral, a fissure running parallel with the ventral portion of the central fissure. F., Precuneal, a right-angled fissure in the precuneus. F., Preoccipital, a fissure on the ventral aspect of the brain, separating the occipital and temporal lobes. F., Preorbital, the antorbital fissure. F., Preparoc- cipital (of Wilder), a fissure in the parietal portion of the paroccipital gyrus. F., Presylvian (of Wilder), the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Pterygoid, the space between the lower ends of the pterygoid plates of the ethmoid. F., Pterygo- maxillary, a vertical fissure in the zygomatic fossa, opening above into the spheno-maxillary fossa. F., Pterygopalatine. See F., Pterygoid. F., Purse- like (of Reil), the vallicula, g. v. F. of Reil. See A., Purse-like. F., Reticular. See F., Postcentral. F., Rhinal (of Owen), the fissure separating the ol- factory bulb and crus from the cerebrum proper. F. of Rolando. See A., Centra/. F., Rostral, in Ungulates, a fissure on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum. F., Sagittal. See F., Inter- cerebral. F. of Santorini, two transverse fissures in the cartilaginous auditory meatus. F. of Schwalbe. See F., Occipital, Anterior, and F., Su- Aercentra/. F., Semilunar. See F., Caſcarine. F., Septal (of Owen), an inconstant fissure in the cuneus, posterior to the calcarine. F., Sphenoid, a tri- angular fissure between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. It transmits the third, fourth, sixth, and ophthalmic division of the fifth, cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic vein. F., Spheno- maxillary, a fissure between the orbital plate of the sphenoid and the lateral margin of the superior maxilla. F., Splenial, a fissure in the brain of the dog near the splenius. F., Subcentral (of IPāſder), an inconstant fissure at the ventral end of the post- central fissure. F., Subfalcial (of Owen), a small fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F., Subfrontal, a fissure between the middle and inferior frontal convolutions. F., Suboccipital, an incon- stant fissure in the occipital convolution of the brain. FISSURE T., Suborbital, a fissure in the superior maxillary portion of the floor of the orbit. It is the upper termination of the infraorbital canal. F., Subseptal, a fissure on the cuneus between the calcarine and the collateral fissures. F., Subsylvian. I (of Owen), an inconstant fissure on the ventral aspect of the frontal lobe; 2 (of Wilder), the constant horizontal branch of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Subtemporal, an inconstant fissure in the middle temporal and subtemporal convo- lutions. F., Superior (of Burdach), a fissure of the cerebrum between the lateral surface of the insula and the ental surface of the operculum. F., Supercallosal. I (of Wilder), the cephalic portion of the calloso-mar- infected f $ /. $ 2.6% .º. %:… º * 4° º § {{...) g * & C. * tº wº P” scee-arrato. M & • A Lºyº” ºf exºne; ºs, ©o wavº" vuºsº, ºecº MESAL ASPECT. LATERAL AspecT.—Preop. Preoperculum. 2. Subcentral fissure. MESAL AspecT.–3. Cuneolus; the fissure cephalad of it is the adoccipital. ginal fissure; 2 (of Owen), the calloso-marginal fissure. F., Supercentral (of Schwalbe), the fissure parallel to and cephalad of the dorsal portion of the central fissure. F., Superfrontal, a fissure on the lateral aspect of the frontal lobe, marking off the second frontal convolution. F., Superoccipital, an irregular fissure in the upper portion of the occipital surface of the posterior lobe of the brain. F., Superseptal, a fissure in the cuneus, almost parallel with the occipital fissures. F., Supersylvian (of Owen), in Carnivora, the second arched fissure on the lateral surface of the cerebrum. F., Super- temporal, a constant fissure parallel with the fissure of Sylvius. F., Suprasylvian. See F., Supersylvian. F. of Sylvius, a deep fissure of the brain beginning on the outer side of the anterior perforated space, and extending outward to the surface of the hemisphere. It presents two short cephalic branches, subsylvian and presylvian, and a long caudal branch, which separate the parietal and temporo-sphenoidal lobes. The insula is situated between the divisions. F., Sylvian. See F. of Sylvius. F., Temporal, First. See F., Super- 476 FISTULA temporal. F., Temporal, Inferior. See F., Subtem- poral. F., Temporo-occipital. See F., Collateral. F., Temporosphenoidal, a name applied to both the supertemporal and subtemporal fissures. F., Temporosphenoidal, Superior. See F., Supertem- poral. F., Tentorial. See F., Collateral. F., Trans- verse (of brain), the transverse fissure, separating the anterior from the posterior and middle portions of the brain. It transmits the folds of pia that form the choroid plexus. F., Transverse (of cerebellum). See F., Horizontal (of cerebellum). F., Transverse (of liver), a fissure crossing transversely the lower sur- face of the right lobe of the liver. It transmits the portal vein, hepatic artery and nerves, and hepatic duct. F., Transverse, Great (of brain). See F., Trans- verse (of brain). F., Transverse, Inferior, a fissure between the cerebellum and the oblongata. It transmits a fold of the pia to the fourth ventricle. F., Trans- verse, Superior. See F., Transverse (of brain). F., Transinsular (of Wilder), the deepest of the fissures crossing the insula. F., Transtemporal, one of the inconstant short fissures on the lateral surface of the temporal lobe. F., Triradiate. See F., Orbital. F., Umbilical, the anterior portion of the longitudinal fissure of the liver, separating the left and quadrate lobes. F., Uncinate. See F., Collateral. F., Ventral. See F., Median, Anterior (of spinal cord). F., Wernicke's, an inconstant vertical fissure on the lateral surface of the cerebrum midway between the end of the fissure of Sylvius and the caudal end of the cerebrum; the exoccipital fissure. F. of Wilder. See Fissures, Adoccipital, Amygdaline, Basisylvian, Circuminsular, Constant, Episy/vian, Exoccipital, In- tercerebra/, /nsular, Interlobar, Intergyral, Intragyraſ, Intraparacentral, Zambdoid, Meditemporal, Para- central, Paroccipital, Aomatic, Postcalcarine, Post- paroccipital, Preparoccipital, Presylvian, Subcentral, Subsylvian, Supercallosal, 7%ransinsular, Zygal. F., Zygal (of Wilder), any fissure that presents a pair of branches at either end of a connecting bar. F., Zygo- matico-sphenoid, a space between the orbital surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and the malar bone. Fissured (fish/-ärd) [fissus, findere, to cleave]. Cleft; split. Fist [ME., fist, the fist]. I. The firmly-closed hand. 2. Same as Bozſista. Fistula (fis/-tu-lah) [L., a “pipe”]. An abnormal, tube-like passage in the body. F., Aërial, a small opening in the neck communicating with the larynx, following imperfect closure of incised wounds of the throat. The voice is defective in consequence. F., Anal, an abnormal channel of communication between the bowel and the surface in the neighborhood of the anus. F., Biliary, an abnormal channel of com- munication with a biliary duct or the gall-bladder. F., Blind, a variety of anal, urinary, or other abnor- mal tract with but one opening. F., Blind, External, an anal fistula with but one opening, and that external. F., Blind, Internal, an anal fissure with but one open- ing, and that internal. F., Blind, Urinary, a suppurat- ing track opening into the urethra, but without external opening. F., Branchial, an opening that extends from the surface of the neck to the pharynx; it is an unclosed branchial cleft, a relic of fetal life. F., Complete, one having two openings, an internal and external. F., Fecal, an abdominal fistula, communi. cating with the intestine. F., Gastric, an opening into the stomach, generally artificial, through the ab- dominal wall. It is sometimes used for feeding a patient who cannot swallow. F., Horseshoe, a vari- ety of fistula in ano, the external opening being on FISTULAR one side of the anus and the internal opening on the other. F. in Ano. See F., Anal. F., Incomplete, one with a single opening. F., Mammary, or Milk, a fistula of the mamma or of its ducts. In F. recto- labial, recto-urethral, recto-vaginal, and recto- vesical, the gut communicates by a fistulous track with the labia majora, the urethra, the vagina, or the bladder, respectively. F., Thiry's, an artificial intestinal fistula made by dividing the intestine in two places; the loop so cut out is still supplied with blood and nerves from its mesentery; it is emptied of its con- tents, and one end is closed by sutures, while the other is stitched to the abdominal wound, and the intestinal juice is thus collected. F., True, one that discharges the Secretion of an organ. F., Vella’s, is the same as Thiry's, except that both ends of the loop are left free and are sutured to the wound in the abdomen. F., Vesical, a fistula of the urinary bladder. • Fistular, Fistulate (ſis/-tu-lar, -lat) [fistula, a tube]. Fistulous; of the form or nature of a fistula. Fistulatome (ſis/-tu-lat-öm) [fistula, a fistula;. Táplvetv, to cut]. A cutting-instrument used in the operative treatment of fistula. . Fistulous (ſis/-u-lus) [fistula, a tube]. Of the nature of or affected with a fistula. Fit [ME., ſić, a struggle]. A popular name applied to any sudden paroxysm of a disease, but especially to one of epilepsy. F., Nine-days’, Tetanus neonatorum. Fivefinger (fivºjing’-er). I. The plant Potentilla canadensis (see Potentilla). 2. Ampelopsis quinque- folia (see American Ivy). - Fixation (ſiès-a/-shun) [fixus, fixed]. A making firm or rigid. F., Field of, in optics, the region bounded by the utmost limits of distinct or central vision, and which the eye has under its direct control through its excursions, without movements of the head. F.-for- ceps, those used for fixing or holding a part in posi- tion during a surgical operation. Fixator (fiks-a/-tor) [L.]. A term applied to a muscle that holds a part immovable, as the diaphragm. Fixature (ſiks/-at-àr). See Bandolin. Fixed (ftst) [fixus, firm]. Firm; immovable. F. Idea, a morbid belief, opinion, or conception, enter- tained constantly by certain insane patients, and more or less permanently dominating the entire mind. F. Oils. See Olea fixa. Fixi dentes (ſićs/-ī dem/-tez) [L.]. The teeth of the second dentition. Fixing (ſiks/-ing) [fixus, fixed]. The first stage in the preparation of tissues for histologic or pathologic examination. The chief fixing agents are—corrosive sublimate, nitric acid, alcohol, osmic acid, Flemming's solution, Fol’s solution, Müller's solution, picric acid, picro-sulphuric acid, acetate of copper. See Stains, Table of Fixurae (fiks-u/-re) [fixura, fixure]. In biology, the fibrils by which lichens and many other thallophytes attach themselves to their substratum. Flabby (ſlab/-e) [E. dial.]. Lax or flaccid; deficient in firmness. Flabellarium (ſlab-el-a/-re-um) [flabellum, a fan]. A vibraculum; a whip-like process of a polyzoan. Flabellate (ſlab-el/-ät) [flabellum, a fan]. In biology, fan-shaped; applied to leaves, antennae, etc. Flabellation (ſiab-el-a/-shum) [flabellare, to fan]. In surgery, the act of keeping a wound or fracture cool by fanning. Flabelliform (ſiab-el/-ij-orm). Same as Flabellate. Flabellinerved (ſlab-el/-in-urvd) [flabellum, fan; nervus, a nerve]. In biology, applied to leaves, such as those of the Gingko tree, with veins or nerves radiating from a common point. 477 FLASK Flabellum (ſiab-el-um)[L., ſan]. The set of white fibers radiating from the stria terminalis of the cerebrum into the corpus striatum. See also Æpipodite. Flaccid (ſ.a4/-sid) Lyſaccidus, ſlaccus, flaccid]. See Flabby. Flaccidezza (Zah-che-det/-sah ) [Ital. for ſaccidity]. Same as Flacherie. Flaccidity (ſlaſé-sid/-it-e) [ſtaccidus, ſaccus, flaccid]. Flabbiness; lack of normal reaction or firmness. Flachérie, or Flachery (ſlash/-er-e) [Fr.]. A disease attacking silk-worms whose digestive apparatus is weakened by disease or heredity. It is said to be caused by a bacterium, Micrococcus bombycis. See AMicrococcus bombycis and Bacillus £3 of Hofmann, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Flag [ME., ſlagge]. One of various endogenous plants with ensiform leaves. In biology, a flagellum ; a part of the reproductive apparatus of certain gaster- opods (Helix) projecting from the vas deferens. F., Blue. See Iris. F., Sweet. See Acorus. Flagellate (ſtaj’-el-āt) [flagellum, a whip]. In biol- ogy, furnished with slender, whip-like processes. Flagellation (ſlaſ-el-a/-shun) [flagellare, to whip]. I. One of the many means used for the purpose of masochistic gratification in the sense of subjection to the woman; the lustful feeling arising from a mechan- ical irritation of the genito-spinal center. 2. Flogging, formerly used as a local stimulant and counter-irritant, and once employed in the control of the insane Latterly it has been recommended as a check for post partum hemorrhage. See Percussion. Flagelliform (ſlaſ-el/-if-orm) [flagellum, a whip; forma, form.] Having the form of a flagellum or whip-lash. Flagellula (ſtaj-el/-u-lah) [dim. of flagellum, a whip]. A flagellate spore; a zoöspore. Flagellum (ſtaj-el/-um) [L. a whip: pl., Flagella]. Any long vibratile cilium. See also Flag. In biology, applied to the various long, slender, lash-like ap- pendages of bacteria, zoöspores, infusoria, etc., and to slender runners, and tendrils of higher plants. Flagg's Drill-stock. See Drill-stock. Flail (ſial) [ME., ſaile]. An arm or leg not under mus- cular control. F.-joint, a condition of preternatural mobility frequently following resection of a joint. Flajan’s Disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter. Flake (ſāk) [ME., ſake, a flake]. A small, scale- like fragment, as of epidermis. F. Manna, the best and purest commercial manna, so called from its form. Flambage (ſlam-bahgh’)[Fr.]. The singeing of wounds for therapeutic purposes. Flank (flank) [ME., flank]. The part of the body between the ribs and the upper border of the ilium. Flannagan Garbage-cart. See Garbage-cart. Flannel Rash. See Seborrhea corporis. Flap [ME., flap, a loose, flexible part]. A loose and partly detached portion of the skin or other soft tissue. F. Amputation. See Amputation. F. Extraction. See Extraction of Cataract. F. Operation. See Operations, Table of Flapless (flap/-les) [ME., ſºap, a loose, flexible part ; less, a suffix signifying without]. Without flaps. F. Amputation. See Operations, Table of Flash-point. The temperature at which a petroleum oil gives off vapors which, mixing with air, cause an ex- plosion or flash of flame, dying out, however, at once. Flask [0%áokm, a flask]. A narrow-necked, globular glass bottle. F., Boiling, a small flask, with a wide neck, provided on the side with an exit-tube; it is em- ployed for determining the boiling-point. F.-clamp, an instrument in the form of a press, employed in vulcanite work for closing flasks after packing. F., FLAT Moulding. See Moulding-ſlask. F.-press, a screw- press for closing the sections of a vulcanite flask after packing. F., Vulcanite, in dentistry, an iron, brass, or bronze box for holding the model and teeth in the vulcanized-rubber process. It is generally divided into two sections, one of which is closed by an adjustable lid, the other having a bottom, and is locked by pins or bolts. Flat [ME., ſlat]. Lying on one plane. F.-ear. See Morel’s Ear. F.-foot, depression of the plantar arch; it differs from splay-foot or talipes valgus in that the sole is not everted. F.-worm. See Tape-worm. Flatulence (ſlat/-u-lentz) [ſlatulentia; ſtatus, breath]. A condition marked by the presence of gases in the alimentary canal. It arises mainly from the fermenta- tion of the contents of the stomach and intestines. Flatulent (flat/-u-lent) [ſtatus, breath]. Character- ized by, or attended with the presence of, flatulence. Flatus (flat-'us) [L.]. A term applied to gases in the digestive tract. Flavanilin (ſlav-an/-iſ-in) [flavus, yellow ; anilin], Cls HiiN. A beautiful yellow dye produced by heat- ing acetanilid with zinc chlorid to 270°C. It forms col- orless crystals that become yellow on exposure to the air. See Pigments, Conspectus of - - Flavaurin (ſlav-aw/-rin). See Pigments, Conspectus of Flavescent (ſlav-es/-ent) [ſlavescere, to become yellow]. Yellowish. - Flavin (ſlav/-īn) [ſlavus, yellow]. A yellow dye-stuff prepared from quercitron-bark by the action of H,SO4. Flavophenin (ſlav-o-fe/-min) [ſlavus, yellow; phenyl], Cog HisN.Og. A yellow coloring-matter. See Chry- S (27).22%2. Flavopurpurin (ſlav-o-pur/-pu-rin) [ftavus, yellow; purpura, purple], C14HsO3. A coloring-matter occur- ring in golden-yellow, acicular crystals. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of Flavus (ſlav/-us) [L.]. Yellow. - Flaw [ME., ſlave, a flake]. A disease in which the skin recedes from the nails. Flax (ſlaks) [ME., ſlax, flax]. The best known and probably the most valuable of the bast-fibers, derived from the flax-plant, Zinzem usitatissimum. The linen fiber, when cleansed, has a blonde or even white color, a white, silky luster, and great strength. It is less pliant and elastic than cotton, but is a better conduc- tor of heat. Chemically, it is, like cotton, a pure cel- lulose. F., New Zealand, a fiber obtained from the leaves of Phormium tenax, which acquires a length of one to two meters. The fiber, as prepared by hand-scraping, is soft, white, and of silky luster. Its chief value is for rope-making and for coarse tex- tiles. The rope made from this fiber is, however, weakened when wet by sea-water, and must therefore be kept well-oiled. F.-dresser's Phthisis, a form of pneumonokoniosis. F.-seed. See Linum. Flay (ſla) [ME., ſleen, to skin]. To skin. Flea (ſe) [ME., ſlee, a flea). See Pulex, and Parasites (Animal), Table of F.-bane. See AErigeron. F.- bite, the bite of a flea. F.-powder. See Buhach. Fleam (ſtem) [??ºp, a vein]. A phlebotome; a vet- erinarian’s lancet for venesection. Flechsig, Method of. A method of differentiating nerve-tracts in the brain and spinal cord. It consists in noting the successive periods at which the fibers of the tracts become medullated during the process of development. F., Tract of. See Tract. Fleck’s Disinfectant. A disinfectant solution containing copperas, 70 parts, and chlorinated lime 20 parts, in IOOO parts of water. Fleece of Stilling. An interlacing of fibers passing from the cortex about the dentatum of the cerebellum. 478 FLOATING Fleischl’s Law. See Zazy. Fleischmann’s Bursa. The sublingual bursa. Fleitmann’s Test. See Tests, Table of Flema salada (ſla/-mah sal-a/-da) [Sp.]. of Acrodynia. - Fleming's Tincture. aconite, stronger than the official tincture. IIll Ill IſlS, - Flemming's Method. A method of preparing tissue for histologic study. Small bits of tissue are fixed in o. I to O.5 per cent. solution of chromic acid, and the hardening completed with alcohol. F.'s Mixture, a mixture used in histologic investigations. . Its com- position is as follows: One per cent. Solution of osmic acid, IO parts; one per cent. Solution of chromic acid, 25 parts; two per cent. Solution of acetic acid, 5 parts, water 60 parts. - Flesh [ME., flesh, flesh]. Synonym An alcoholic preparation of Dose, two The soft tissues of the body, especially the muscles. F.-brush, a brush for rubbing the surface of the body. F., Goose. See Cutis an- serina. F.-juice, the juice derived from meat by ex- pression. F., Proud, a colloquial term for the soft and inflamed granulations of the edges of a wound. F.-wound, a slight or superficial wound. F.-worm. See Z}read-zyorms. Fleshy (flesh/-e) [ME., flesh, flesh]. Mainly composed of muscular tissue. Fleury's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Flexed-toe (fteåst'-to). See Hammer-toe. Flexibilitas (ſleás-iö-i/-it-as) [L.]. Flexibility. F. cerea, a condition of the limbs in catalepsy in which they resist passive movement and seem as if made of wax. Flexible (ſieks/-iö-2) [flexus, bent]. That which may be bent. F. Catheter, a catheter made of flexible substance. F. Collodion. See Pyroxylin. F. Pillar. See Ai//ar. Flexile (flex/-il) [flexiſis, pliable]. Easily bent. Flexion (ſek/-shun) [flexus, bent]. The operation or process of bending; the condition of being bent; the opposite of extension. F., Forcible, in Surgery, a mode of treating aneurysm by a forcible bending, as, for example, of the knee, so as to compress the popliteal artery, thereby reducing the volume of blood; also a means of breaking up articular adhesions by mechanical bending. F. and Extension, certain passive Swedish movements used principally for regulating the circula- tion in certain parts, and for relieving local conges- tion. F.-stage of Labor, one of the stages of labor, consisting in a bending of the fetal head forward toward the chest. * Flexor (ſieks'-or) [flexus, bent]. Any muscle that bends a limb or part. See Muscles, 7able of Flexuous (ſleás/-u-us) [flectere, to bend]. In biology, alternately curved in opposite directions. Flexura (ſleás-u/-rah) [L., a bending]. A bending or curve in an organ. In veterinary anatomy, the so-called knee (in fact the wrist) of the horse. Flexure (ſleás/-är) [flexura, a bending]. A bending. F., Sigmoid. See Sigmoid Flexure. Flighty (ſli/-te) [Dan., vlugtig, volatile]. delirious. Flint’s Formula. See Alimentation, Recta!. F.'s Murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of F.'s Pill, a pill containing half a grain of iron combined with all the inorganic salts found in the blood in the normal proportion, except chlorid of sodium, which is In eXCeSS. - r Floating (ſlot/-ing) [ME., ſlotem, to float]. Free to move around. F. Kidney, one that is misplaced or movable; wandering. F. Liver, a movable liver. F. Ribs. See Ribs. F. Spleen, one that is separate from its attachments, and displaced. Slightly FLOCCI 479 FLUID Flocci (ſlok/-ī) [L.]. Plural of floccus, a tuft. F. wheat-flour is used in far the largest amount. Wheat- volitantes. Same as Muscae volitantes. flour contains starch, dextrin, cellulose, sugar, albu- Floccillation (ſok-sil-a/-shun) L/locillatio]. Same as min, gliadin or gluten, mucin or mucedin, fibrin, Car?hology. Floccitation (ſok-sit-a/-shun) [floccitatio]. Same as Carphology. Floccose (ſlo/-äs) [floccus, a flock of wool]. In bi- ology, composed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long and soft hairs. Floccular (ſlok/-u-lar) [ſocculus, a little flock of wool]. Pertaining to the flocculus. Flocculence (ſok/-u-lens) [ſoccus, a lock of wool]. In biology, a soft, waxy excretion, resembling wool, found on certain insects, e.g., the woolly Aphis. Flocculent (ſok/-u-lent) [floccus, a flock of wool]. Flaky, downy, or woolly; coalescing in flocky masses. Flocculus (flo/-at-ſus) [dim. of ſoccus, a tuft of wool]. I. A bilobular mass attached to the medipeduncle of the brain at the peduncular sulcus, and wedged, as it were, between the rounded contiguous angles of the cephalic and caudal regions of the cerebellum. Along with it is the paraſiocculus, a single-lobed mass. Their functions and their representatives in other mammals are little known. stiff hairs. - Floccus (ſok/-us) [L., a flock or tuft of wool: pl., Aºlocci]. In biology, a small tuft of woolly hairs. Flood's Ligament. See Ligament. Flooding (ſtud/-ing) [ME., flood, a flood]. A copious bleeding from the womb during, after, or just at child- birth; any excessive uterine hemorrhage. Floor (ſor) [ME., floor, floor]. The basal limit of any hollow organ or open space; as the floor of a ventricle, of the antrum, of an orbit, or of the pelvis. F.- space, the distance apart of beds required to afford proper ventilation in hospitals. It should be not less than +3 of the cubic space. Flora (ſlo/-rah ) [Flora, the goddess of flowers]. The entire plant-life of any geographic area or geologic period. - Florence Lake. See Pigments, Conspectus of Florentine Lake. Same as Florence Laße. Flores (ſio/-rez) [L.]. Plural of ſlos, a flower. I. The flowers or blossoms of any plant used as a medicine. 2. A flocculent or pulverulent form assumed by cer- tain medicines and chemicals after sublimation; as fores sulphzaris, flowers of sulphur; fores benzoás, flowers of benzoin, or sublimated benzoic acid. Florescence (flor-es/-ems) [florescere, to begin to bloom]. The opening of flowers; blossoming. Floret (flor/-et) [flos, flower]. In biology, an indi- vidual flower of a head or cluster of flowers; it is also called ſloscule. Florid (ſor/-id) [floridus, abounding with flowers]. Bright-red in color; rosy ; as a florid cheek, or countenance. F. Phthisis. See Galloping Con- sumption. Florida (flor/-id-ah) [floridus, abounding with flowers]. One of the Southern states of the United States. F. Allspice, the leaves of Calycanthus floridus, a pleasant aromatic stimulant. Dose of the fld. ext., gtt. x-xxx. Unof. F., Fever. See Fever. Florisugent (flor-is-u/-jent) [flos, flower; sugere, to suck]. Applied to birds and insects that suck the nectar of flowers. Flos [L., a “flower”]. A flower. Alores, q.v. Floscule (ſios’-kül) [dim. of ſlos, a flower], Aºloreſ. - Flour (ſlowr) [old spelling of ſlower3. A finely- ground meal; this may be from either wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize or Indian corn, and rice, although Singular of See 2. In biology, a small bunch of Starch, etc., . 743 Flower, Angle of. cerealin, fat, mineral matter, and water. The first four are carbohydrates, or non-nitrogenous substances, and they form nearly three-fourths of the entire weight of the flour. The nitrogenous matter consists of at least five principles, three of which, gluten (or glia- din), mucin (or mucedin), and fibrin, constitute the bulk of the material known as crude gluten, which is the substance left when flour is kneaded with water and afterwards washed to remove the starch and any soluble substance. The remaining two nitrogenous principles, albumin and cerealin, are soluble in water, and are carried away with the starch in the process of washing. Crude gluten possesses a peculiar adhesive- ness, arising from the presence of gliadin, which is a highly tenacious body, and which is not present in the same form in other cereal flours. The vegetable albumin is accompanied also by small amounts of legumin, or vegetable casein, which is also soluble in water. The cerealin is a soluble nitrogenized ferment occurring especially in the husk or bran of wheat and other cereals. It has a powerful fermentative action on starch, rapidly converting it into dextrin and other soluble bodies. The difference in the composition of | FINE WHITE FLOUR. i COARSE WHEAT BRAN. In Ioo In Ioo parts. In one pound. parts In one pound. Water, . . . . I3.o 2 OZS., 35 grS. I4. O 2 OZS., IOS grs. Fibrin, etc., . Io.5 I Oz., 297 grS I5.O 2 OZS., I75 grS. II ozS., 388 grs. 44.o 7 OzS., I7 grs. Fat, . . . . . O.8 O OzS., 57 grs. 4.0 o OzS., 280 grs. Cellulose, . . . o.7 O OZS., 49 grS. º 2 oz.S., 316 grs. Mºl O.7 O OZS., 49 grS. 6.O O OzS , 422 grs. the several parts of the wheat-grain is seen in the fore- going table given by Church. F.-ball, a much- used food for infants suffering from summer-complaint. It is made as follows:—Two or three pounds of wheat-flour, tied in a bag, are boiled continuously for I2 hours; the outer shell is then scraped off, and the inner, yellow portion (mainly dextrin) is grated and used to make a thin gruel. Flourens' Doctrine. A theory that the whole of the cerebrum is concerned in every psychic process. Flow (ſo) [ME., ſowen, to flow]. The free discharge of a liquid, as the blood. Flower (ſlow/-er) [ME., flowre, flower]. See Fºos. In craniometry, the naso-malar angle. Fluctuation (ſiuk-fu-a/-shun) [fluctuare, to float or roll]. The wave-like motion of contained fluid upon pressure, or by succussion. Fluid (ſu/-īd) [ſuere, to flow]. A substance whose molecules move freely upon one another; any liquid constituent, or secretion of the body. See Amniotic, Condy's, Culture, Zabarrague’s, and other fluids. F. Extract. See Extractum Fluidum. F.-ounce. See Weights. F.-dram. See Weights. F., Scarpa's, the FLUIGRAM endolymph. F. Vein, the name given to the eddies produced in a cavity of the heart by regurgitating blood coming in contact with the current entering the cavity in the normal direction. The oscillation of the particles of blood are attended with a blowing sound or murmur. Fluigram (ſloo'-e-gram) [/luidus, fluid; Ypáupua, a small weight]. In medicine and pharmacy the gram and the cubic centimeter are the most important metric units, and to express their close relationship the cubic centimeter has been very appropriately termed a Flui- gram. Fluke or F.-worm (ſlúž) [ME., ſloke, a fluke]. Any trematode worm ; especially Zistoma hepaticum, 7. v. See Trematodes, and Parasites (Animal), Table of Fluor (ſlu'-or) [L., a flow]. I. A liquid state. 2. The menstrual flux. F. albus, white flow; an old name for Zeukorrhea. F. muliebris. Synonym of Eeuáorrhea. Fluoranthene (ſu-or-an/-them) [fluor, a flow], Cisłłio. Idryl; a substance that occurs in the “stubb-fat" ob- tained from the distillation of the “stubb.” It crys- tallizes from alcohol in needles or plates, melting at Io9-IIo°C., and dissolves readily in hot alcohol, ether, and carbon disulphid. Fluorene (ſiu-or-en/) [fluor, a flow], Cisłłio. A sub- stance found in coal-tar; it can be obtained by passing diphenylmethane through a combustion-tube heated to redness. It is very soluble in hot alcohol, less so in cold alcohol; it crystallizes in colorless plates having a violet fluorescence, melts at 113°C., and bbils at 295° C. Fluorescein (ſu-or-es/-e-in) [fluor, a flow], Cao H1,Os- + H2O. Resorcinol-phthalein. An anhydrid of re- sorcin, prepared by heating phthalic anhydrid with resorcinol to 200°C. It occurs as a yellowish or dark- red powder decomposing at about 290° C. From it are derived the eosin coloring-matters, g. v. Fluorescence (ſu-or-es’-ens) [ſuere, to flow]. A property possessed by certain substances, consisting in the emission of colors while light is being passed through them. Quinin, fluorspar, and several struct- ures of the eye, possess this power. See also Phos- //horescence. Fluorescent Resorcinol. Same as Resorcin Blue. Fluorescigenous (ſu-or-es-iſ'-en-us) [fluere, to flow ; yevvāv, to produce]. Giving rise to fluorescence. Fluorescin (ſu-or-es/-īn) L/?uere, to flow], CooH.O. A colorless amorphous product of the reduction of fluorescein. On account of its neutral quality and green fluorescence, it has been used to study the movements of the intraocular fluids. Fluorid (flu'-or-id) [fluere, to flow]. fluorin. Fluorin (ſu/-or-in)[/luor, a flow]. F- 19; quantival- ence I. One of the elements. It has not been isolated, but is probably a gas. All its salts are highly corro- sive and poisonous in their full strength. See Fle- ments, Table of Ammonium fluoridis recommended by Lucas for hypertrophy of the spleen. Dose my of a gr. iv to 3.jsolution. Unof. Hydrofluoric acid, is an antiseptic and antiferment. Inhalations of the A basic salt of dilute vapor have been recommended in diphtheria, and tuberculosis. Fluorindenes (ſhe-or-in/-denz) [fluor, a flow]. A series of dye-stuffs closely allied to the indulins. They are produced by the protracted heating of azophenin or amidophenazin, alone or with orthodiamins. They dissolve in alcohol with beautiful fluorescence and form greenish-blue fluorescent salts. Fluoroform (ſu-or/-o-form) [fluor, a flow ; forma, form), CHF3. A gas, the fluorin analogue of chloro- form. 480 FOENICULUM Fluoroscope (ſu-or/-os-Åop) [fluene, to flow ; alcoreiv, to examine]. The instrument for holding the fluor- escent screen in X-ray examination. • , Fluoroscopy (flu-or-os/-ko-pe) [fluene, to flow ; akotreiv, to examine]. The process of inspecting the tissues by means of a fluorescent screen. Flush [origin obscure]. A temporary redness, as the hectic flush, sometimes due to vasomotor paresis. Flushing (flush/-ing) [origin obscure]. I. A frequent symptom in the subjects of cardiac palpitation, and especially in Graves' disease. It implies a condition of vaso-motor irritability with a paresis of the arte- rioles in certain areas. It is often accompanied by local perspiration. It is seldom a marked symptom of organic disease. 2. The process of cleansing by a rapid flow of liquid. Flux (fluks) [fluxus, flowing]. I. An abnormal flow of any of the excretions of the body, especially the feces. Also, a synonym of Dysentery. 2. In chemistry, any highly-fusible substance or mixture, as the sub- borate of soda, employed in the fusion of metals. F., Sebaceous. See Seborrhea. - Fluxion (Žuć'-shum) [Zuxus, a flowing]. A gathering of blood or other fluid in one part of the body; con- gestion, or hyperemia. - Fluxus (ſlufts/-us) [L.J. A flow or a flowing. F. cruentus. Synonym of Dysentery. F. dysenteri- cus. Synonym of Dysentery. F. sebaceus. Syn- onym of Seborrhea. F. splenicus. Synonym of Melena. F. torminosus. Synonym of Oysentery. Fly (ſli) [ME., ſºye, a fly]. A dipterous insect. For parasitic flies, see Parasites (Animal), Table of F.- agaric. See Agaricus muscarius. F. - blister, Flying Blister. See Blister. F.-poison. See Amianthium. F.-sickness. See Barcoo, - Focal (fo/-kal) [focus, a point; a fire-place]. Pertain- ing to or occupying a focus. F. Disease. See Disease. F. Hemorrhage, localized hemorrhage, in contradis- tinction to diffuse or disseminated hemorrhage. F. Meningitis, meningitis involving but a small area of the membranes. F. Myelitis, localized myelitis, in contradistinction to diffuse or disseminated myelitis. F. Sclerosis, the chronic form, sometimes called Sclerotic Myelitis. Focil (fo/-sil) [focile, a spindle]. Any bone of the forearm or leg. F. majus, the ulna. F. majus cruris, the tibia. F. minus, the radius. F. minus cruris, the fibula. . - Focus (fo/-kus) [focus, a point; pl. , ſoci]; . The prin- cipal seat of a disease. The point (called principal focus) to which converge the rays of light that pass through a convex lens or are reflected from a concave mirror. F., Equivalent, in microscopy, when the real image of an objective of a certain focal length is of the same size as that produced by a simple con- verging lens whose focal distance equals that of the ob- jective, it is said to have an equivalent focus. F., Negative, or Virtual, the imaginary focus of an object placed within the principal focus. Conjugate Foci, interdependent foci. Focusing (fo/-kus-ing) [focus, a point]. The mutual arrangement of an object and the optic parts of a microscope so that a clear image may be seen. F. Down, in microscopy, focusing by moving the objective down or toward the object, but at the risk of damag- ing it. F. Up, focusing by moving the objective up or away from the object. Foderé’s Test. See A27th. Foeniculum (fem-ić/-u-ſum) [L.: gen., Foeniculj. Fennel. The fruit of A. vulgare, with properties due to a volatile oil. It is a mild stimulant and aromatic carminative. F., Aq., 2 parts of the oil in IOOO of FOERSTER’s SHIFTING-TYPE water. Dose 3 ss-3.j. F., O1., the volatile oil. Dose muij-v. See also Fennel. Foerster’s Shifting-type. See Signs and Symptoms. Förster's Method. See Cataract, Artificial Matura- tion of F.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of Foetal (ſe/-tal). See Fetal. Foetor (ſe/-tor). See Fetor. Foetus (fe/-tus). See Fetus. Fokker's Method. A method of estimating uric acid in the urine. 200 c.c. of urine are made strongly alka- line by sodium carbonate, and after an hour 20 c.c. of a concentrated solution of ammonium chlorid are added. The mixture is allowed to stand at a low temperature for 48 hours, when the precipitate that forms is collected on a weighed filter and washed. The filter is washed with dilute HCl (1 in Io), and the filtrate collected; this operation is repeated till all the acid urate on the filter is dissolved. The filtrates are mixed, allowed to stand for 6 hours, and the uric acid which then separates is collected on the same filter, washed twice with water, then with alcohol, till all acid reaction dis- appears, dried at IIo° C., and weighed. To the weight obtained add O.O3 gram, and subtract the weight of the filter; the remainder is the weight of uric acid in 200 c.c. of urine. - Fol’s Fixing-fluid. A modification of Fleming's solu- tion, used, as is the latter, for the fixation of cells undergoing indirect cell-division. See Stains, Table of F.'s Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Fold (föld) [ME., fold, a fold]. A term applied to the plication or doubling together of various parts of the body. F., Aryteno-epiglottidean, a fold of mucous membrane stretched between the sides of the epiglottis and the apex of the arytenoid cartilage. F., Palpebral, the fold formed by the reflection of the conjunctiva from the eyelids on to the eye. There are two folds, the superior and inferior. F., Recto- vaginal, the fold of the peritoneum in females de- scending in front of the rectum and behind the vagina. It corresponds with the recto-vesical fold of males. F., Vater's, the plica transversalis or transverse fold of the duodenum, situated just above the opening of the pancreatic and biliary ducts. Folders (föl/-derz) [ME., fold, a fold]. for Pince-nez or “eye-glasses.” Folia (fo'-le-ah) [pl. of folium, leaf J. I. Leaves; a term much used in pharmacopeias and dispensatories, and designating the leaves of such plants as are used in medicine. 2. The intervening thin plates between the crevices of greater or less depth (rimulae) upon the entire surface of the adult cerebellum. Foliaceous (fo-le-a/-se-us) [folium, a leaf J. Leaf-like. Foliation (fo-le-a/-shum) [foliare, to put forth leaves]. The act of leafing out; frondescence. Folie (ſo-le/) [Fr.]. Insanity. F. a deux (ſo-/e/-ah duh/). [Fr.] See Insanity, Communicated. F. Circulaire (fo-leſ-ser-ku-Zār’). Cyclic insanity. F. du Doute. See Doubt, Insanity of F., Alternate. Cyclic Insanity, Q. v. Foliicolous (ſo-le-i}/-o-lus) [folium, a leaf; colere, to dwell]. In biology, growing upon leaves. Foliole (fo/-le-āl) [folium, a leaf.] In biology, a leaf- let or leaflet-like organ. Foliose (fo'-le-às) [foliosus, leafy]. Abounding in leaves, leaflets, or leaf-like appendages. Folium (fo'-le-um) [L., a leaf; pl., Folia]. I. In biology, a leaf. At the time of Caesalpinus it applied equally to sepals, petals, or ordinary leaves. 2. Any lamina or leaflet of gray matter, forming a part of the arbor vitae of the cerebellum. Folius, Process of Process of Rau; a process at the junction of the handle with the neck of the malleus. English usage 481 FONTANEL It passes anteriorly into the Glaserian fissure. It is about three-and-a-half lines long in the new-born infant. After birth it unites with the under wall of the Glaserian fissure. Follette (fo/-et/) [Fr.]. Synonym of Inſºuenza. Follicle (fol/-ik-l) [folliculus, dim. of follis, bellows]. I. In anatomy, a very Small secretory cavity or sac, as one of the follicles of Lieberkühn. 2. In biology, a simple pod, splitting only by the ventral suture. F., Graafian, one of the small vesicular bodies in the cortical layer of the ovary, consisting of flattened granular cells with oval nuclei and membrana propria, each about rºw inch in diameter. F., Sebaceous, one of the sacs lying within the skin that secrete the oily fluid with which the skin is softened. Follicular (ſol-i}/-u-lar) [folliculus, a little follicle]. Relating or appertaining to a follicle. Folliculitis (fo/-ić-u-li/-tis) [folliculus, a follicle; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of a group of follicles, as of the hair. F. barbae. See Sycosis. F. decalvans, Quinquaud’s Disease: a chronic folliculitis of the hairy parts, especially of the scalp, which leads to a cicatri- cial alopecia. The patches are about the size of a shilling, irregular in outline, and almost smooth and polished, but with some granular points at the periph- ery, and red points on the white, atrophied, cicatri- cially-depressed surface. F. exulcerans. See Aydrosadenitis phlegmonosa. Folliculium (fo/-ik-u/-le-um). See Ziquor. Folliculose (fo/-i}/-u-las) [follis, a bellows]. follicles. Having the appearance of follicles. Fomentation (ſo-men-ta/-shun)[fomentare, to foment]. The application of cloths soaked in hot medicinal solutions, to reduce inflammation or to allay pain. Also, the application of hot dry cloths. Also, the medicament, or other material, so applied. Fomes (fo/-mez) [L. for “tinder’’: pl., Fomites]. Any substance (as a garment, carpet, letter) capable of acting as the medium for the transmission of an in- fectious disease. Fonifero (fo-mif'-er-o). See Phomophore. Fons pulsatilis (fons pul-saf/-iſ-is)[L.]. See Fontanel. Fontaine’s Chamber. See Anesthetic. Fontana, Canals of. See Cana/. F.'s Markings, or Striae of. Delicate, microscopic transverse folds of nerve-fibers, to which is due the fact of the non- retraction of the fibers when divided. F.'s, Spaces, those between the processes of the ligamentum pecti- natum iridis. See Canal. Fontanel,or Fontanelle (fon-tan-e/) [dim. of fontana, a spring, from the appearance and feeling]. A The liquor folliculi. Full of FONTANELS OF FETAL SKULL. membranous space of the infant’s skull, from delayed Ossification of the cranial bones. F., Anterior, that at the point of union of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures. See also Bregma. F., Posterior, that at 3I FONTICULUS 482 the point of junction of the apex of the lambdoid and the Sagittal sutures. Fonticulus (ſon-tik/-u-lus) [dim, of ſons, fountain]. I. The depression at the root of the neck, just cephalad of the sternum; more fully fonticulus gut- furis. , 2. A small artificial ulcer or issue. Food [ME., foode]. Anything used for the nourish- ment or formation of tissue. The substances ordin- arily employed as aliments. F., Albumin-spring, one that diminishes the metabolism of albuminates. F.-accessories, a term given to the various sub- stances used as condiments, which give flavor to food or ANIMAL FOODS. Water, Proteids. Albu- N-free Salts. minoids. org. bodies. Beef. | 62 Pork. [ 55 Fowl. 73 #####i Fish. 78 |; Egg. I 73,5 Ekāś|| || Cow's milk. | 86 TÉ|É. 0.6 * 89 Tº 0.4 I)igestible. Non- Water. Proteids Salts. N-free or- digestible. ganic bodies. "... [TAL3 BºſTi| 1.4 Peas, 15 （"|;|& 2.5 Rice. 1.5 Potatoes. C 75 ITUTITTTTTTTTTTTºxº ... 90, 5 Cauliflower. [ S 0 Beer. [. 90 stimulate the digestive secretions, as well as to the well- known stimulants, tea, coffee, cocoa, alcohol, etc. Foods, Isodynamic. Those producing an equal amount of heat. F., Plastic, proteids. F., Res- piratory, fats and carbohydrates. (The nomencla- ture of the last two rests upon an erroneous theory.) F., Classification of (according to Yeo) : — ſ I. ALBUMINATES.—Nitrogenous substances having the same or nearly the same chemic composition as albumin. Examples.—Albumin, fibrin, synto- nin, myosin, globulin, casein, from the animal; gluten and legumin, from the vegetable kingdom. -: (a). Subordinate nitrogenous substances referred to this class, and known as— Gelatin. Gelatigenous substances, & Casein. Chondrin. r ſ 2. FATs, or HYDRO-CARBONs, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the proportion of oxygen being insufficient to convert all the hydrogen into water. Examples. – Olein, Stearin, margarin. (Butter is a familiar one.) 3. CARBO-HYDRATEs, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the two latter elements in the propor- tion to form water. Examples.—Starch, dextrin, cane-sugar, grape-sugar, lactose or milk-sugar. (a). The Vegetable acids, oxalic, tartaric, citric, malic, acetic, and lactic, are by some authors referred to this class. Inor ſ 4. MINERAL-Water. Salls-Sodium and potassi- ganic um chlorids, calcium and magnesium phos- - phates, iron, etc. F., Complete, a food that contains all the alimentary ; \. FOOT substances required for the support and maintenance of animal life. The only complete food afforded by the animal kingdom is eggs. F.-cure, dietetic treat- ment of disease. F.-stuffs or F.-substances, the materials, from both the animal and vegetable king- doms, that may be employed for the purpose of sup- plying nourishment to the body, and providing the elements necessary for the formation of tissue. F.- vacuole, a temporary space often noticed in protozoa, containing nutritive matter. F.-yolk, all that portion of the yolk that does not undergo segmentation, but serves to nourish the embryo ; nutritive protoplasm; deutoplasm. Fool’s Parsley. See A.//usa. Foot [ME., foot]. I. The terminal extremity of the leg; one of the organs of locomotion. In bimana and quadrumana it con- sists of the tarsus, meta- tarsus, and phalanges, or toes. 2. The base of a microscope. 3. A meas- ure of length equal to twelve inches or 30.479 cm. F.-clonus. See Clonus and Amále-clonus. F.-bath, a pediluvium. F.-drop, a falling of the foot due to a paralysis of the flexors of the ankle. It is seen in neuritis. See Z}ropped Foot. F., Fun- gus. Madur a Foot; Mycetoma; Ulcus grave. An endemic disease of India affecting the foot, which increases in size, this increase being at- tended with the develop- m ent of mammillated pustules, in each of which is a deep-seated sinus. The sinuses are lined by a distinct membrane, and c on ta in characteristic “fish-roe & o dies” of a white, yellowish, red- dish, or blackish color. These bodies are com- posed mainly of fatty and caseous matters, the re- sults of decomposition, encrusted with salts and blood - pigment. The bones are slowly ab- Sorbed, and gangrene or exhaustion may carry off the patient. The disease is most common in adult males. A fungus, Chiony- pha carteri, appears to be the active cause of the disease. F.-halt, a dis- ease of sheep, said to be caused by worms in the foot. F.-mange, a para- I. Foot, PLANTAR Aspect. Inferior surface of calca- neum. 2. Inner tuberosity. 3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angu- lar depression between these tuberosities. , 5. Inferior por- tion of head of astragalus. 6. Plantar surface of cuboid, for attachment of inferior cal- caneo-cuboid ligament. 7. Tuberosity of cuboid. 8. Sca- phoid. 9. Tuberosity of sca- phoid. Io. Inferior portion of internal cuneiform. II. Apex of middle cuneiform. 12. Apex of internal cunei- form 13, 14, º 16, 17. First, second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones. 18. Tuber- osity of fifth metatarsal bone. I9. Two sesamoid bones. 20. First phalanx of great toe. 2I. Last phalanx of great toe. 22, 22. . First phalanges of remaining toes. 23, 23. Sec- ond and third phalanges of these toes. sitic disease of the heels and lower parts of the legs, especially the hind ones, of a horse, giving rise to great itching and irritation. It is due to an acarus, Symbiotis equi. F.-and-mouth Disease, a rare affection that occurs in sheep, cows, pigs, and horses, and is occa- sionally transmitted to man. It manifests itself by the appearance of vesicles and bullae in the mouth and on FOOT the feet at the margins of the hoofs, and in cows, on the udder and teats. In man, vesicles form in the mouth, on the hands and feet. In two or three days, these rupture, discharging an opaque, yellowish fluid, and leaving dark-red ulcers. There are also fever, anorexia, pain on eating, swelling of the tongue, fetid breath, Salivation, and derangement of digestion. See Aczema epizoötica, and Streptocytus of Eczema epizoötica, Schottelius, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of F.-phenomenon. See Ankle-clonus. F.-pound, the work required to overcome a force equal to raising the weight of a TABLE OF 483 FOR AMEN pound through the space of a foot. See Unit. F.- poundal, the work done by a poundal acting through one foot. F.-rot, a disease of sheep, said to be due to pasturing in wet ground. One form is contagious; and the disease is said by some to be tuberculous in nature. Footling (foot/-ling) [ME., foote]. With the foot or feet foremost ; as a footling presentation in obstetrics. Foramen (fo-ra/-men) [forare, to pierce]. A passage or opening, especially one in a bone. A Zable of Aoramina is appended. ſº FORAMINA. NAME. LOCATION. TRANSMITS. Accessory transverse. Anomalous foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. An anomalous and accessory verte- bral artery. Acoustic. The same as the internal auditory meatus. The auditory and facial nerves. Alveolar, anterior. See Dental, inferior. Alveolar, inferior. See Dental, inferior. Alveolar, posterior. In the superior maxilla. Superior posterior dental vessels and nerves. Amplum pelveos. See Obturator. Anonymous of Ferrein. See Hiatus Fallopii. Anteorbital. In mammals, an orifice in the cheek-bone in front of the orbit, Superior maxillary division of the tri- * corresponding to the infraorbital foramen of man. facial, nerve; occasionally the mas- ^, seter muscle. Antorbital. See Anteorbital. Aortic. An opening in the diaphragm. The aorta. Arachnoid. See Foramen of Magendie. Atlantal. In many animals, a hole through the ventral border of the atlas; Suboccipital nerve; vertebral artery. only exceptionally present in man. Atrio-ventricular, com- II].OI). In some animals, an auriculo-ventricular opening common to both auricles and ventricles. Blood. Auditory, external. The external meatus of the auditory canal. Sound-waves to tympanic membrane. Auditory, internal. See Acoustic. Auricular. The mouth of the external auditory meatus. Sound-waves to tympanic membrane. Bartholin’s. See Obturator. Bichat’s. A supposed communication between the subarachnoid space and the cavity of the third ventricle of the brain. Of Botal or Botallo. ln the fetus, the opening between the two auricles of the heart, iºd at the lower posterior portion of the septum auricu- arll II). Blood. Carotic. The inferior aperture of the carotid canal. Carotid vessels. Carotico-clinoid. Sphenoid bone; an occasional foramen, formed by the union of the apices of the anterior and middle clinoid processes. Carotico-tympanic. See Canal, Carotico-tympanic. Carotid, external. The external aperture of the carotid canal. Internal carotid artery and carotid plexus. Carotid, internal. The internal aperture of the carotid canal. Internal carotid artery and carotid plexus. Cavernous. Sphenoid bone; a small passage. The median vertebral vein. Cecal, anterior. Also called prepontile fossa ; the depression at the cephalic margin of the pons. Cecal (of from t a 1 bone). Formed by the frontal bone and the crista galli of the ethmoid; a small foramen. A vein, occasionally. Cecal (of medulla ob- longata). See Cecal, anterior. FORAMINA 484 FORAMINA NAME. TABLE OF FORAMINA.—Continued. LOCATION. TRANSMITs. Cecal (of pharynx). Median line of posterior wall of the pharynx; a depression in the mucous membrane. Cecal, posterior. A depression just below the pons. | The ventral median fissure terminates in this. Cecal (of retina). See Fovea centralis. Cecal, retro-anal. See Foveola coccygea. Cecal (of s up e rio r maxilla). See Incisive. Cecal (of tongue). Posterior termination of the median raphé of tongue, A number of small glands open into it. Central. See Fovea centralis. Central (of the cochlea). See Cochlea centrale. Central (of Soemmer- ring). See Central (of the retina). Cervical. Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery and vein. Clinoideo-carotic. See Carotico-clinoid. Cochleae centrale. The largest of several openings at the base of the modiolus. Common, anterior. See Foramen of Monro. Conarial. The orifice of the conarial recess. Condylar, anterior. See Condyloid, anterior. Condylar, posterior. Behind the condyles of the occipital bone, opening externally into the occipital fossa. Veins. Condyloid, accessory. A small foramen near the anterior condyloid foramen. A vein, occasionally. Condyloid, a n terior (sometimes double). Anterior to and to the outer side of each occipital condyle, passing downward, outward, and forward through the basilar process. The hypoglossal nerve ; occasionally a meningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery. Condyloid, posterior. The fossa behind the occipital condyles. A vein to the lateral sinus. Coraco-scapular. In some animals, an orifice formed by the articulation of the coracoid bone with the scapula. Cordiform. In reptiles, the obturator foramen. Costo-transverse. The space between the transverse process of a vertebra and the neck of its corresponding rib. Branches of intercostal arteries and In eIVeS. Cotyloid. A notch in the acetabulum converted into a canal by a ligament. Vessels and nerves. Cribrosa. Small openings in the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone. Filaments of the olfactory nerves. Cruro-popliteal, ante- rior. An aperture in the upper part of the tibio-fibular interosseous membrane. The anterior tibial vessels. Dental, inferior. The external aperture of the inferior dental canal, in the ramus of the inferior maxilla. Inferior dental vessels and nerves. Dextrum. See Quadrate. Diaphragmatic. Several canals through the diaphragm. —w The esophagus, aorta, vagus nerves, inferior vena cava, and other struc- tures. Diaphragmatic, left in- erior. See Aortic. Diaphragmatic, left su- perior. See Esophageal. Diploic. Small openings in the inner plate of the cranial bones, leading | Veins. from the cranial cavity into the diploë. Of Duverney. See Foramen of Winslow. Emissary. The skull. the emissary veins. Epiploic. See Foramen of Winslow. Epitrochlear. In many animals, on the inner condyle of the humerus; some- times present or represented in man by a groove. FORAMINA 485 TABLE OF FORAMINA.—Continued. FORAMINA NAME. LOCATION. TRANSMITS. Esophageal. The diaphragm. The esophagus. Ethmoid, anterior. A canal formed between the ethmoid and frontal bones. The nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve; anterior ethmoid vessels. Ethmoid, posterior. See Canal, Ethmoid, posterior. Posterior ethmoid artery and vein. Frontal. The supra-orbital notch of the frontal bone when it is con- | Supraorbital vessels and nerves. verted into a canal by an overlying process of bone. Fronto-ethmoid. The foramen cecum in the suture between the frontal and eth- moid bones. . Glandulosum Mor- gagni. See Foramen cecum (of tongue). Of Huschke. A perforation often found near the inner extremity of the tym- || Connects the glenoid fossa of the tem- panic plate; it is due to an arrest of development. poral bone with the external auditory & meatuS. Incisive. See Incisor Incisor. Aperture of the incisor canal in the alveolar margin. Nerves and vessels to the incisor teeth. Infra-maxillary. The inferior dental canal, g. v., under Canal. Infra-orbital. In the superior maxilla, the external aperture of the infra- orbital canal. Infra-pubic. See Obturator. The infraorbital nerve and artery. Innominate. Temporal bone. The Vidian nerve. Intercarpal. The carpus of batrachians. Interclinoid. A canal formed by an anomalous process, connecting the middle and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid. Intermaxillary. See Incisor. Interorbital. In birds, a space in the bony plate separating the orbits. Intervertebral, ante- TIOI. The aperture formed by the notches opposite to each other in the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. The spinal nerves and vessels. Intervertebral, poste- T1OI". The space between the articular processes of adjacent verte- brae, except the first cervical. Ischiadic, major. See Sacro-sciatic, great. Ischiadic, middle. An open space left between an anomalous and the normal Sacro- spinal ligament. Ischiadic, m in or or SII] all, See Sacro-sciatic, small. Ischio-pubic. See Obturator. Jugular. See Lacerated, posterior. Jugular, spurious. An anomalous opening in the squamous portion of the temporal One. & A vessel that connects the external jug- ular vein with an intracranial vessel. Lacerated, anterior. See Sphenoid fissure. Lacerated, inferior. See Spheno-ma’arillary fissure. Lacerated, jugular. See Lacerated, posterior. #. Lacerated, middle. An irregular aperture between the apex of the petrous por- tion of the temporal bone and the body, and great wing of the sphenoid, and the basilar process of the occipital bone. The carotid artery and the large superficial petrosal nerve. Lacerated, orbital. The Sphenoid Fissure, g. v. Lacerated, posterior. The space formed by the jugular notches of the occipital and temporal bones, divided into two portions. The posterior portion, the internal jugular vein; the anterior portion, the 9th, Ioth, and 11th cranial nerves, and the inferior petrosal sinus. Lacerated, superior. See Sphenoid fissure. of Magendie. An orifice in the membranous roof of the fourth ventricle. Magnum. See Magnum occipitale. FORAMINA 486 TABLE OF FORAMINA.—Continued. FORAMINA NAME. LOCATION. TRANSMITS. Magnum ischii. The Obturator foramen, g. v. Magnum occipitale. A large oval aperture, centrally placed in the lower and anterior part of the occipital bone. The spinal cord and its membranes; the spinal accessory nerves; the ver- tebral arteries. Malar. The malar bone. Nerves and vessels. Mandibular. See Dental, inferior. Mandibular, anterior. See Mezztal. Mandibular, posterior. See Dental, inferior. Mastoid. A small foramen behind the mastoid process. A small artery from the dura; a vein opening into the lateral sinus. Mastoid, posterior. See Mastoid. Maxillary, anterior. See Mental. Maxillary, inferior. See Dental, inferior. Maxillary, posterior. See Dental, inferior. Maxillary, superior. See Canal, Dental, posterior. Medium. See Lacerated, middle. Medullae spinalis. See Vertebral. Medullary. See AVutrient. Medullary (of the ver- tebral column). See Vertebral. Of Meibomius. See Cecum (of the tongue). Meningeal. An anomalous opening in the squamous portion of the temporal | A branch of the middle meningeal bone. artery. Mental. A foramen in the inferior maxilla, external to the incisive fossa, Mental nerve and vessels. midway between the upper and lower borders of the bone, and in the interval between the two bicuspid teeth. Of Monro. An opening behind the anterior pillars of the fornix through The choroid plexus. which the lateral ventricle of the brain communicates with the third ventricle. Monro, anterior of. See Foramen of Monro. Monro, primitive. The primitive foramen that connects the third with the lateral ventricle of the brain. Morgagni's. See Cecum (of tongue). Nasal. Small canals that perforate the nasal bones. Vessels and nerves. Nutrient. The canal connecting the medullary cavity of the bone with its external surface. The nutrient vessels. Nutrient (of femur). T. aperture near the upper part of the linea aspera of the eIIl UIT. Nutrient artery. Nutrient (of humerus). The aperture slightly below the middle of the humerus. The nutrient artery. Nutrient (of radius). The aperture on the anterior surface of the radius. The nutrient artery. Nutrient (of ulna). The aperture on the anterior surface of the ulna. The nutrient artery. Obturator. The large ovoid opening between the ischium and the pubis, Obturator vessels and nerves. internal and inferior to the acetabulum; it is partly closed in by a fibrous membrane. Occipital. See Magnum occipitale. Occipital, superior. See Superior occipital. Occipitale, magnum. See Magnum occipitale. Oculi. The pupil. Rays of light. Olfactory. Numerous foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. Olfactory nerves. f Omental, great. The communication between the cavities of the greater and lesser omenta. - FORAMINA 487 TABLE OF FORAMINA.—Corzzzzzzzed. FORAMINA NAME. LoCATION. TRANSMITs. Omental, lesser or SIIlail. See Foramen of Winslozw. Oödes. See Obturator. Optic. The canal at the apex of the orbit, the anterior termination of | Optic nerve; ophthalmic artery. i. optic groove, just beneath the lesser wing of the sphenoid Orie. Optic (of the choroid). The choroid. The optic nerve-fibers pass through this to their expansion in the re- tina. Optic (of the sclera). The sclerotic coat of the eye. The optic nerve. Orbital, anterior inter- nal. See Ethmoid, anterior. Orbital, internal. See Canal, Ethmoid, anterior. Orbital, superior. See Supraorbital. Ossis pubis. See Obturator. Oval (of the heart). See Foramen of Botal. Oval (of the hip). See Oötzerator. Oval (of innominate bone). See Obturator. Oval (of the sphenoid). An ovoid aperture near the posterior margin of the great The inferior maxillary division of the - wing of the sphenoid. trigeminal nerve; the small menin- geal artery; occasionally, the small petrosal nerve. Pacchionian. The depressions on the inner surface of the skull. For the Pacchionian bodies. Palatine, anterior. See Canal, Incisor. Palatine, great poste- TIOr. The Posterior palatine canal, q.v. Palato-maxillary. See Canal, Palato-maxillary. Of Panizza. The communication between the right and left aortic arches of Blood. reptiles. Papillaria. The opening of the uriniferous tubules at the apices of the pyra- Urine. mids of Malpighi. Parietal. Near the posterior superior angle of the parietal bone; incon- |An emissary vein of the superior Stant. longitudinal sinus; occasionally a small branch of the occipital artery. Pelvic, large. See Obturator. Pneumatic. In birds, a large aperture near, one end of the long pneumatic | Permits the entrance of air. bones communicating with the interior. Posterior. See Lacerated, posterior. Postglenal. See Postglenoid. Postglenoid. In comparative anatomy, an opening immediately posterior to the root of the zygoma. Postpalatine. The Posterior palatine canal, g. z. Pre-acetabular. In the Cheiroptera, an opening formed by a process extendin §. ilio-pectineal eminence to the anterior extremity o the ilium. Pro sinu petroso infe- TIOre., An anomalous roundish opening formed by adjacent portions : the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the occipital One. The inferior petrosal sinus. Profundum. See Iter ad infundibulum. Pterygo-palatine. The external aperture of the pterygo-palatine canal. Pterygo-palatine vessels; pharyngeal nerve. Quadrate. The diaphragm. The inferior vena cava. Repugnatoria. In Cheilognatha, apertures of cutaneous glands on each side of the back, in rows. Secrete a defensive corrosive fluid. FORAMINA 488 TABLE OF FORAMINA.—Continued. FORAMINA NAME. LOCATION. TRANSMITs. Retina centrale. See Fovea centralis. Of Rivini. An ſºning in the tympanum, the existence of which is dis- puted. Rotundum. See Rozezzd. Round. A roundish opening in the great wing of the sphenoid bone. The superior division of the fifth nerve. Sacral, anterior (four on either side). On anterior surface of sacrum, connecting with sacral canal. The anterior branches of sacral nerves. Sacral, posterior (four on either side). The posterior surface of the sacrum, external to the articular processes. Posterior branches of sacral nerves. Sacro-sciatic, great. The oval space between the lesser sacro-sciatic ligament and the innominate bone. The pyriformis muscle, the gluteal, Sciatic, and pudic vessels and nerves. Sacro-sciatic, small. The space included between the greater and lesser sacro- sciatic ligaments and the portion of the innominate bone between the spine and tuberosity of the ischium. Internal, obturator muscle; the inter- nal pudic vessels and nerves. Saphenous. See Saphenous Opening. Scapular. The supra-scapular notch, when it is converted into a foramen Suprascapular nerve and artery. by a ligamentous or bony structure. Of Scarpa. Bony canals opening into the incisor canal. The naso-palatine nerves. Sclerotic, anterior. The opening in the sclerotic which is filled in by the cornea. Sclerotic, posterior. See Optic (of the sclera). Of Soemmering. See Fovea centralis, and Central (of the retina). Spheno-frontal. In the cartilaginous basis of the skull, between the labyrinths of the ethmoid and the alae parvae of the sphenoid and the anterior sphenoid. Sphenoidal, anterior. A rare anomalous opening in the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The internal maxillary artery. Spheno-palatine. The space between the sphenoid and orbital processes of the palate and sphenoid spongy bone; it opens into the nasal cavity. Branches from Meckel's ganglion; the nasal branch of the internal maxil- lary artery. Spheno-spinosum. See Spinosum. Spinal. See Vertebral. Spinosum. The great wing of the sphenoid bone, near its posterior angle. The middle meningeal artery. Spöndli. See Spheno-frontal. Of Stensen. See Canal, Incisor. Sternal. Vessel. Near the inferior termination of the sternum; inconstant. Stylo-mastoid. Between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone, constituting the external aperture of the aqueduct of Fallopius. Facial nerve; stylo-mastoid artery. Suborbital. The orifice at the anterior end of the infraorbital canal. Infraorbital artery and nerve. Subsacral. See Sacral, anterior. Supersacral. See Sacral, posterior. Supracondyloid. See Epitzrochlear. Supra-orbital. A notch in the superior orbital margin at the junction of the middle with the inner third, sometimes converted into a foramen by a bony process or a ligamentous band. It is the orifice of a groove in the upper wall of the orbit. Supra-orbital artery, v e in s, and nerve. Supratrochlear. The thin plate of bone between the olecranon and the coronoid fossa of the humerus ; inconstant. Of Tarinus. The Hiatus Fallopii, g. v. Of Thebesius. Small depressions on the inner surface of the heart, especially | Some of these are cul-de-sacs; others in the right auricle. are the mouths of the venae minimae cordis. * Thyreoid. See Thyroid. FORAMINA 489 FORCEPS g TABLE OF FORAMINA.—Continued. NAME. LOCATION. TRANSMITS. Thyroid. 1. A foramen in the ala of the thyroid cartilage, more or less completely covered by perichondrium. 2. See Obturator. Trachelian. See Vertebrarterial. Transverse. See Vertebrazžerial. Venae cavae. See Quadrate. Venae, saphenae. See Saphenous Opening. Venosum. See Quadrate. Vertebral. The space included between the body and arch of a vertebra. | The spinal cord and its appendages. Vertebrarterial. The foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical | Vertebral artery and vein. vertebrae. Vesalius. A minute inconstant aperture at the root of the pterygoid A small vein. process of the sphenoid bone. Vicq d'Azyr's. See Foramen cecum, anterior and posterior. Vidian. See Canal, Vidian. Of the vomer. The posterior aperture of the canal of the vomer. Of Winslow. above, by the liver. cavities of the peritoneum. An aperture situated between the liver and stomach, bounded in front by the portal vein, hepatic artery and duct, behind by the inferior, vena cava, below, by the hepatic artery, an g It is formed by folds of the peritoneum, and establishes communication between the greater and lesser Zygomatic, anterior. | See Zygomatico-facial. Zygomatic, external. See Zygomatico-facial. Zygomatic, internal. See Zygomatico-temporal. zygomatic, posterior. See Zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatic, superior. See zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatic, temporal. See Zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatico-facial. malar bone. The aperture of the malar canal on the facial surface of the Malar division of temporo-malar branch of superior maxillary nerve. 2ygomatico-temporal. surface of the malar bone. The external aperture of the malar canal, on the temporal Malar division of temporo-m a lar branch of superior maxillary nerve. Foraminated (fo-ram/-in-a-fed ) [foramen, an open- ing]. Containing foramina. Foraminiferous (fo-ram-in-f/-er-us). aminated. Forbes, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Simon 1matic Table of F., Operation of. See Operations, Table of. Force (fors) [fortis, strong]. That which produces or arrests motion. The rate of transformation of energy in time. Whatever may be converted into motion (Robert Mayer). Forced (forst) [fortis, strong]. Accomplished by an unusual exertion of force. F. Feeding. See Sur- alimentation and Feeding. Forceps (for’-seps) [forceſs, a pair of tongs]. An instrument with two blades and handles for purposes of seizing, traction, etc., in surgical, obstetric, and other operations. F., Angular, one bent for introduc- tion into a canal. F., Arterial, one specially adapted for seizing an artery; many varieties are named after inventors. F., Bone, one exceptionally strong, for use in operations upon bones. F., Bull-dog, a forceps with sharp teeth (as for holding an artery). F., Bullet, one of peculiar construction, to extract bullets. F., Cannula, long, slender forceps enclosed Same as Aor- in a tube, that opens by protruding the blades. F., Catch, a forceps with a catch on the handle. F., Craniotomy, the halves are crossed and adapted to embryotomy. F., Dental, adapted for extraction of teeth. This was probably among the first, and, per- haps, almost the only instrument employed for the extraction of teeth, until the invention of Garengeot, in the early part of the eighteenth century. . But from the time of Celsus, down to this period, the forceps used for the extraction of teeth were so rude in their construction and so illy adapted for the purpose, that for the removal of the molar teeth the employ- ment of the key-instrument became general, both among dentists and physicians. At the present time, however, forceps have been so greatly im- proved that the key is but little used. F., Duck- bill. See Duckbi//. F., Ectropion, adapted for seizing the lid in operations for ectropion. F., Gouge, cutting-forceps for operations upon bone. F., Hem- ostatic, a forceps for controlling hemorrhage. F., Iridectomy, a delicate forceps for seizing the iris. F., Midwifery, or Obstetric, a forceps for grasping the fetal head in difficult labor and by traction aiding its exit; there is a great number of varieties. F., FORCIBLE Rat-toothed, a form of forceps used in the removal -7ss SIMPSON'S OBSTETRIC FORCEPS. With Poullet Tape-attachment for Axis-traction. of bullets, or other foreign bodies, from wounds. F., Spring, same as F., Catch. Forcible (for’-sió-Z) [fortis, strong]. With force or power. F. Extension. See Bºxtension. Forcipate, Forcipated (for’-sip-àſ, -a-fed) [forceps, forceps]. In biology, forceps-like. Forcipressure (for’-se-presh/-är) [forceps, a pair of tongs; pressura, a pressing]. The arrest of a minor hemorrhage by catching the end of the divided vessel with a pair of spring-forceps, the pressure being kept up for 24–36 hours. Fore (for) [ME., fore, before]. Applied to the part that is in front or first. F.-arm, that part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow. F.-brain, the ante- rior of the encephalic vesicles into which the primary nervous axis of the embryo divides at an early stage; at a later stage, the prosencephalon. F.-finger, the index finger. F.-foot, the foot of a fore-limb. F.-front, the forehead. F.-gut, the cavity in the raised ceph- alic end of the embryo, called also headgut. The rudimentary pharynx and duodenum, with the inter- mediate portions of the future alimentary canal, are included in the foregut. F.-head, that part of the face between the orbits of the eyes, the hair above, and the temples at the sides. F.-limb, the pectoral limb of an animal. F.-milk. I. The colostrum, q. v. 2. The first part of the milk taken from the teat at any one milking. It is less rich in butter than is the after-milk, or strippings. F.-skin, the prepuce, Q. v. ; the term sometimes designates also the dewlap occasionally seen upon the throat of an aged person. F.-waters, a name sometimes given to that portion of the amniotic sac and its contents in advance of the presenting part in labor. 490 FORNICATE Foreign (for’-en) [ME., forem, foreign]. Alien ; ex- otic ; not native; irrelevant. F. Body, a substance in a wound, organ, or cavity not normally present. Forensic (for-en/-sik) [forensis, belonging to the forum]. Pertaining to a court of law. In medicine, that part of the science connected with judicial in- quiry. Also, medical jurisprudence. - Forest's Method. See Artificial Respiration. Forficate (for’-ſik-āt) [forfex, scissors]. In biology, deeply-forked. Fork [ME., fork, a fork]. A name frequently given to the space between the thighs. Form [forma, shapel. The external shape or config- uration of the body, or of a part of a body. Formaldehyd (form-a/-de-hid) [formica, an ant, aldehyd). Formic aldehyd. See Aldehyd, Formic. Formalin (for’-mal-in) [formica, an ant], HCOH. A proprietary germicide composed of a 40 per cent. solution of formaldehyd. Unof. Formanilid (form-an/-iſ-id) [formica, an ant; anilin], C, H, NO. A substance obtained on digesting anilin with formic acid, or by rapidly heating anilin with oxalic acid. It consists of colorless prisms, readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, melting at 46°C. Formatio (for-ma/-she-o) [L.]. . A formation. F. reticularis, the intercrossing of the fibers of the ante- rior columns in the medulla. Formative (form/-at-iv) [formare, to form]. Plastic; molding. F. Cell, a large spheric, refractive cell be- neath the hypoblast. Formic Acid (for’-mik). See Acid. Formicant (for’-miá-ant) [formicare, to crawl like an ant]. Creeping, or moving with a small and feeble ac- tion; applied to the pulse when it is unequal and scarcely perceptible. Formication (for-mić-a/-shun) [formica, an ant]. A sensation like that produced by ants or other insects crawling upon the skin. F., Cocain. See Cocain- ðug. º Formol (for’-mol) [formica, an ant], CH,O. A name given to formic aldehyd or formaldehyd. It is a powerful antiseptic, ranking as one of the best, but its microbicidal power in a given time is very feeble. Formula (form/-at-lah) [dim. of forma, a form ; pl., Formulae]. A prescribed method. In pharmacy, a list of the names and respective quantities of substances entering into a composition. In chemistry, a method of representing the gravimetric structure of a compound by symbols. F., Constitutional, or Rational, one that indicates only the union of individual atoms, such as are especially characteristic of the compound. F., Empiric. See F., Unitary. F., Graphic. Same as F., Constitutional. F., Rational. Same as A., Constitutional. F., Structural, one that indicates the complete grouping of all of the atoms, representing the whole chemic deportment of a given compound. F., Unitary, or Empiric, one that belongs to an entire series of bodies that are isomeric, yet wholly different, and that affords no hint as to the character of the com- pound. Formulary (for’-mu-la-re) [formula; dim. of forma, form]. F., National, a collection of widely-used and well-known preparations, omitted from the U. S. Pharmacopeia, but collected and published by the American Pharmaceutic Association. Formyl (for’-mil) [formica, the ant; tām, matter], CHO. The radicle of formic acid. - Forne’s Method. See Azzesthetic. Forneaux Jordan's Operations. See Operations. Fornicate (for’-nik-āt) [formix, an arch]. In biology, bearing fornices; overarched. To commit fornica- tion. - FORNICATION 491 Fornication (for-nik-a/-shun) [fornicari, to forni- cate]. The illicit sexual intercourse of an unmarried person of either sex with another, whether married or not. Fornicolumn (for’-me-ão/-um) [formix, an arch ; col- zumna, a column]. The anterior pillar of the fornix, one in each hemicerebrum. It is a bundle of fibers ascending from the albicans and thalamus, passing just caudad of the precommissure, forming the cephalic boundary of the porta, and ending in the temporal lobe. Fornicommissure (for-me-kom/-is-shūr) [formix, an arch; commissura, a commissure]. A lamina of greater or less thickness uniting the two hemifornices of the brain. It is not a true commissure, nor even fibrous in structure. Fornicrista (for-ne-Aris/-tah). See Crista. Fornix (for’-niks) [fornix, an arch]. I. An arched portion of the brain composed of the two hippocamps and their respective fimbrias, united across the meson by a thin lamina, the forni commissure. 2. In biol- ogy, a vaulted or arched arrangement or appendage, as, for example, the scales in the throat of some corollas, or the hollow beneath the umbo of a bi- valve shell. F. descendens. See Bundle of Vicz d’Azyr. Förster's Method. See Cataract, Artificial Matura- tion of F.'s, Operation. See Operations, Table of Fortification Spectrum (for-tifié-a/-shum spek’-trum). Teichopsia; the appearance of a peculiar subjective visual sensation in migraine. The luminous shape of its outer edge assumes a zigzag form, with angles like those of a fortification. - Fosforus (fosſ-for-us). A commendable orthography for phosphorus. It has been recommended for adop- tion by recent spelling-reformers. Fossa (fosſ-ah) [fossa, a ditch; pl., Fossae]. A de- pression, furrow, or sinus. F., Canine, the depression on the external surface of the superior maxillary bone, giving rise to the origin of the levator anguli oris and compressor nasi muscles. F., Condyloid, a fossa behind each condyle of the occipital bone. F. coro- naris, the boundary between the disc and corona, in Medusae. F., Cranial, any fossa of the skull. F., Digastric, a deep groove on the inner aspect of the mastoid process for the attachment of the digastric muscle. F., Digital, a deep depression at the base of the inner surface of the great trochanter of the femur. F., Glenoid, the fossa in the temporal bone that receives the condyle of the lower jaw. F., Hyaloid, a depres- sion in the anterior surface of the vitreous body for the crystalline lens. F., Hyoid, a small cavity external to the ary-epiglottic fold on either side of the larynx. It is also called the Sinus pyriformis. F., Iliac, the Smooth internal surface of the ilium. F., Incisive, a depression in the superior maxillary bone just above the incisor teeth. F., Infraclavicular. See F., AMohrenheim’s. F. innominata. Same as F sca- phoidea. F., Jugular, a deep excavation in the pe- trous portion of the temporal bone, forming part of the posterior lacerated foramen. F. lachrymalis, the de- pression in the frontal bone for the reception of the lachrymal gland. F., Lenticular. Same as F., Ayaloid. F., Mohrenheim's, the infraclavicular fossa ; a triangular depression beneath the clavicle. F., Myrtiform. Same as F., Incisive. F., Nasal, the nostrils. See AVasal Fossae. F. navicularis, Morgagni's fossa, a fossa within the penis, formed by a dilatation in the spongy portion of the urethral pas- Sage. F., Occipital, a fossa behind the condyle of the occipital bone. F., Olfactory, the fossa in the fetus that develops into the nasal fossa. F. ovalis, an oval depression in the right auricle of the heart. F., FOUR Palatine, the anterior palatine canal passing through the palatine process of the superior maxillary bone. It branches into four compartments, the foramina of Sten- sen, and the foramina of Scarpa. F. patellaris, a de- pression on the anterior aspect of the vitreous humor in which rests the posterior surface of the lens. F., Pituitary, a depression below the olivary process of the sphenoid bone lodging the pituitary body. F., Prepontile, the anterior foramen caecum. See Fora- mina, Zable of F., Pterygoid, the notch separating the external and internal plates of the pterygoid pro- cess of the sphenoid. F. of Rosenmüller, a depres- sion on the posterior wall of the naso-pharynx immedi- ately behind the Eustachian orifice. F. scaphoidea, the curved depression between the helix and antihelix of the external ear. F. sigmoidea, a deep groove on the internal surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone into which the mastoid foramen opens. F., Sphe- no-maxillary, a triangular space at the angle of the spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary fissures. F., Sublingual, a depression on the internal surface of the inferior maxillary bone, for containing the sublingual gland. F., Submaxillary, the oblong depression on the internal surface of the inferior maxillary bone, which contains the submaxillary gland. F., Sub- scapular, a broad cavity on the internal surface of the scapula. F., Temporal, the fossa on either side of the head filled by the temporal muscle. It is formed by parts of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and malar bones. F., Trochanteric. Same as A., Aigital. F., Zygomatic, a cavity below and on the inner side of the zygoma. Fosset, or Fossette (fos-et/) [Fr.]. A dimple or small depression. Fossilin (fosſ-iſ-in) [fossilis, dug up]. for a product resembling vaselin. Fossula (fosſ-su-Zah) [dim. of fossa, a ditch: pl., Fos- sulae]. I. In biology, a small fossa. 2. Any one of the numerous slight depressions on the surface of the cerebrum. F. olfactoriae, the olfactory depressions of acraspede medusae. Fothergill’s Disease, or Faceache. See Diseases, Table of F.’s Sore-throat, a synonym of the angi. noid variety of scarlet fever (Scarlatina anginosa). Foubert’s Test. See ZDeath. Foudroyancy (foo-droi/-am-se) [Fr.]. The property of being foudroyant. Foudroyant (foo-droi/-ant) [Fr.]. whelming; fulminant; fulgurant. Foul (fowl) [ME., foul, foul]. Filthy; offensive; dis. gusting. F.-in-the-foot. See F.-rot. F.-rot, an inflammatory disease of the hoofs of cattle; it is at- tended with suppuration. Foulage (foo-lahzh/) [Fr., “fulling, or pressing”]. In massage, a form of manipulation of the tissues. See Aulling. Foulbrood (fow/-brood). A contagious zymotic dis- ease of the honey-bee and its larva, due to the presence of the Bacillus aſvei. See Aacteria, Syno- nymatic, Zable of. Foullioy's Operation. See Operations, 7 able of Founder (fowm/-der) [fundere, to pour]. Laminitis (7. v.) of the horse's fore-feet, with the accompanying disorders of related parts. F., Chest, founder in a horse, marked or accompanied by atrophy of the chest- muscles. Foundling (found/-ling) [Ger., funden, found]. An abandoned infant. Four (for) [ME., ſeowur, four]. Twice two. F.-drug Ointment. See Basi/icon Oinfment. F. Masters, Suture of the. See Suture. F.-tailed Bandage. See Aandage. A trade-name Sudden and over- FOURCHET Fourchet, or Fourchette (foor-shet') [Fr., a fork]. I. A fold of mucous membrane at the posterior junc- tion of the labia majora. 2. A forked instrument used in division of the frenum linguae. Fournier's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Fovea (ſo-ve/-ah) [fovea, a small pit]. Applied to many depressions in the body or its organs, but more particularly to the fovea centralis retinae, a little pit in the macula lutea opposite the visual axis, the spot of distinctest vision, where the retinal cones are massed together and the rods and some other parts are absent. It is opposite the center of the cornea. F. hemiellip- tica, recessus ellipticus; sinus semiovalis; a small fossa on the inner wall of the labyrinth, between the fovea hemispherica and the orifices of the semicircular canals. F. hemispherica, recessus sphericus; a depression in the forepart of the inner wall of the labyrinth. - Foveate (fo/-ve-àt) [fovea, a small pit]. In biology, deeply pitted. Foveola (ſo-ve/-o-la/.) [dim. of fovea, a small pit]. I. A small pit or depression. 2. The depression at the summit of each papilla of the kidney. F. coccygea, a slight depression—a congenital defect—a little above the anus and at the apex of the coccyx. It is due to imperfect development. F. inguinalis, a some- what funnel-shaped depression in the external in- guinal fossa. . It is open in fetal life, and is the ab- dominal end of the inguinal canal, through which the testis descended. F. radialis. See Anatomist's Snuffbox. Fovilla (ſo-viſ/-ah) [ſovere, to warm, to cherish ; pl. , Aovillae]. In biology, the protoplasmic contents of a pollen-grain. Fowler's Method. A method of estimating the amount of urea in the urine. It consists in mixing one volume of the urine with seven volumes of liquor sodae chlo- ratae (U. S. P.) and comparing the specific gravity before and after effervescence. See Urea. F.'s Solu- tion. See Arsenic. Fox’s Apparatus. An apparatus for treating fracture of the clavicle. It consists of a pad in the axilla with a suspensory apparatus from the opposite shoulder. Fox-glove (fo/s/-gluv). See AJigitalis. Foxination (foks-in-a/-shun). See Hypnotism. Fractional (fraž'-shun-ae) [fractio, a breaking]. Per- taining to fractions. F. Cultivation, the isolation of one variety of microörganism from a mixture of several, in order to study or cultivate it. This is done by at- tenuation of the medium so that a drop will probably contain but one organism. Distilled water was first used as the attenuating medium, but gelatinized media are now used. Brefeld and Nägeli suggested the procedure, and Lister isolated the first microbe, the Aaci//us lacticus of Cohn. F. Distillation. See ZXis- fi//ation. Fractionation (fraž-shun-a/-shun) [fractio, a break- ing]. Chemic separation by successive operations. Fractura (/ra/º far/-ah) [L.]. A fracture. F. dentis, fracture of a tooth. Fracture (fra/-/ür) [fractura ; frangere, to break]. The breaking of a bone, either by external force, or by the action of the muscles of the body. Applied also to the breaking of a cartilage. F., Barton's, an oblique fracture of the lower end of the radius, begin- ning on the articulating surface. F.-bed, a doubly- inclined plane used in the treatment of fractures of the hip. F.-box, a long box with no ends or cover, used in the immobilization of fractured bones. F., Capillary, consisting of only a fine crack or fissure. F., Commi- nuted, with shattering of the bone. F., Colles’, one of the lower end of the radius with displacement back- 492. FRAMBESIOID ward. F., Complete, entirely through the bone. F., CoMMINUTED FRACTURE OF CLAvicle. (Moullin.) Complicated, with injury of adjacent parts. F., Compound, with a communicating wound of the skin. F., Depressed, with depression of the fractured part below the normal level, as in fracture of the skull. F., Double, one bone is fractured in two places. F., Dupuytren’s, fracture of the fibula, with retraction and displacement outward, and with laceration of the ligaments of the foot. F., Epiphyseal, with separa- tion of the epiphysis of a bone. F., Greenstick, one GREENSTICK FRACTURE OF THE RADIUs. (Moullin.) side of the bone is broken, the other bent. F., Im- pacted, with forcible compression of the fragments into each other. F., Moore's, fracture of the lower end of the radius, with laceration of the internal lateral ligament and detachment of the triangular interarticu- lar cartilage, which allows of the dislocation of the head of the ulna and the imprisonment of the styloid process under the annular ligaments. F., Pott's, same as F., Dupuytren’s, but without laceration of the in- ferior tibio-fibular ligaments. F., Shepherd's, a frac- ture of the astragalus, the outer projecting edge being detached. F., Simple, without rupture of the over. lying skin or mucous membrane. F., Smith's, frac- ture of the lower end of the radius, from a quarter of an inch to an inch from the articular surface. F., Spontaneous, with but a slight force to cause it, as when there is disease of the bone. Fraenulum (fren/-u-lum). See Frenulum. Fraenum (fre/-num). See Frenum. Fragilitas (fraj-i/-it-as) [L.J. Brittleness. In phy- siology, a want of flexile strength. F. crinium, an atrophic condition of the hair in which the individual hairs split into numerous fibrillae, the cleavage in many cases being recognizable as far as to the roots, the fibrils often curling in several turns away from the axis of the shaft. F. Ossium, abnormal brittleness of the bones. Fragmentation (frag-men-ta/-shun) [fragmentum, a piece]. The subdivision into fragments; the separa- tion of certain forms of bacilli, or other microörgan- isms, into joints which become new individuals; the division or segmentation of a cell. F. of Calculi, Spontaneous, the exfoliation and breaking up of a calculus by the action of the uric acid or other morbid products in the bladder. Frambesia (fram-be/-ze-ah) [frambaſsia, raspberry]. Yaws; Pian; Amboyna Button; Parangi; Coco ; Endemic Verrugas. A tropical contagious disease of the skin, of long duration, characterized by dirty or bright-red raspberry-like tubercles, appearing usually on the face, toes, and genital organs. It is most fre- quent in young colored people. Frambesial (fram-be/-ze-al) [frambaſsia, a raspberry]. Resembling, or pertaining to frambesia. - Frambesioid (fram-be/-ze-oid)[frambassia, a raspberry; eiðog, likeness]. Resembling frambesia, or one of its tubercles. FRANCHIMONT’S TEST Franchimont's Test. See Tests, Table of Francis' Test. See Tests, Zable of Franciscea (fºam-sis/-e-ah). See Manaca. Franck's Pill. A purgative pill containing aloes 4, rhubarb 2, syrup of absinthe, g. s. Franco's Operations. See Operations, Table of Frangible (fram/jib-Z) [frangere, to break]. Liable to fracture ; breakable. Frangula (framg/-gu-lah) [origin uncertain]. The bark (one year old) of Æhamnus frangula, or alder buck- thorn. The fresh bark is a violentirritant; the old bark is a non-irritant purgative much used in the constipation of pregnancy. Ext. Rhamni, Frang. (B. P.). Dose gr. XV- F., Ext., Fld. Dose gss-ij. Ext. Rham. Frang. Liq. (B. P.). Dose gj—iv. Frangulin (frang/-gu-lin)[origin uncertain],CooH20010. Rhamnoxanthin ; a lemon-yellow, crystalline, odor- less, and tasteless glucosid found in Buckthorn. Frank [ME., framé, open]. Of a benign or favorable tendency; as a franá inflammation ; sometimes also applied to remedies, in a similar sense. Frank's Operation. See Operations, Table of Fränkel’s Apparatus. A pneumatic apparatus. F.’s Prieumobacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table. Frankenhäuser, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of F.'s Micrococcus. The micrococcus of perni- cious anemia. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Frankenia (frang-ke/-ne-ah) [after Johann Franke]. A genus of heath-like herbs and undershrubs. F. grandiflora, of California, called Verða rheuma, is astringent, and is a popular remedy for nasal, urethral and vaginal catarrhs. F. portulacifolia, of St. Helena, has been used as a substitute for tea. Other species of the genus are aromatic and stimulant. Unof. Frankfort Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of F. Plane. See Alazze. S Frankincense (frangé/-in-sens) [francum incensum, pure incense]. A name given to a variety of resinous aromatic substances, especially the exudation of Abies excelsa ; the term was originally, and properly, the same as olibanum. It is the concrete turpentine scraped off the trunks of Pinus australis and P. tarda. It is used externally as a slight stimulant and is con- tained in Fmplastrum picis (B. P.). Frankland’s Artificial Human Milk. A nutritious preparation made from cow’s milk as follows:—Allow % of a pint of new milk to stand I2 hours; remove the cream, and mix it with 34 of a pint of perfectly fresh cow’s milk. Take the milk from which the cream was removed, and put into it a piece of rennet about an inch square (fluid rennet may be employed). Keep the vessel containing it in a warm place, until the milk is fully curdled, an operation requiring from 5 to I5 minutes according to the activity of the rennet. Break up the curd repeatedly, and carefully separate the whole of the whey, which should then be rap- idly heated to boiling in a small tin-pan placed over a spirit-lamp or gas-lamp. During the heating a further quantity of casein, technically called “fleetings,” sepa- rates, and must be removed by straining through clean muslin. Now dissolve IIo grains of powdered sugar of milk in the hot whey, and mix it with 3% of a pint of new milk to which the cream from the other fluid has already been added. The artificial milk should be used within I2 hours of its preparation. F.'s Method, a method of estimating the quantity of organic matter present in water. The organic carbon is oxidized and obtained as CO, and the organic nitrogen is liberated in the free gaseous state and measured. Franklin (framg//-lin) [from Benjamin Franklin]. A unit of static or frictional electricity. F. Spectacles. See Bifocal. 493 FRENCH Franklinic (frangé-lin/-i}) [from B. Franklin]. Fric- tional. F. Electricity, static or frictional electricity. Franklinism (frang//-/in-izm). Same as Frankliniza- tion. Franklinization (frangé-/in-iz-a/-shum) [after B. Franklin]. The therapeutic use of frictional or static electricity. Frasera (fra/-zer-ah). See American Columbo. Fraserin (fra/-zer-in) [after John Fraser, an English botanist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Frasera carolinensis ; it is atonic, stimulant, and mildly astringent. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Fraunhofer's Lines. See Absorption, and Zines Zable. Fraxin (fražs/-īn) [fraxinus, an ash-tree], C, H,Ola. A glucosid from the bark of certain species of ash (Fraximus excelsior, etc.). It forms fine, white, four- sided prisms, of a bitter taste. It has been proposed as a remedy for gout, rheumatism, etc. Fraxinus (fraks-in/-us) [L., “ash-tree.”]. A genus of trees, order Oleaceae, to which the various species of the ash belong. F. americana, is useful in dys- menorrhea. A wine (Vănum fraxini americana, N. F.) is prepared from its inner bark. Dose, one fluidrachm. F. excelsior, of Europe, affords a medici- nal bark, its leaves, and wood formerly being official. Chinese wax is collected from the branches of F. chinensis ; and manna from F. ornus and F. rotun- difolia. Freak (freð) [ME., freke, bold]. a deformed person. Freckles (freð/-/z). See Zentigo and Epheſides. Freestone-hewers’ Lung. Synonym of Pneumono- Áozziosis. Freezing (frèz/-ing) [ME., freesen, to freeze]. The congelation of liquids, especially of water. F.-fluids, liquid preparations, with boric acid, syrupy or gummy in consistence, in which tissue-specimens are immersed prior to freezing and section-cutting. F.-machine, an apparatus for producing intense cold by the evapo- ration of condensed gases. F.-microtome, a micro- tome attached to a contrivance for freezing artificially the tissue to be sectionized. It is used with very soft tissues. F.-mixture, a mixture of salts which absorb heat in undergoing solution. F.-point, the tempera- ture at which a liquid freezes. Frèire, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Table of Fremitus (frem/-it-us) [L., a murmur]. A tremor caused by the sympathetic vibration of some part or organ of the body in consonance with some other vibrating body. Also, a murmuring. F., Friction, the vibrations produced by the rubbing together of two dry surfaces of the pleura, and felt by the hand. It is met with frequently in dry pleurisy. F., Rhonchal, vibrations produced by the passage of air through a large bronchial tube con- taining mucus. It is most often felt in bronchitis. F.; Tactile, the vibratory sensation conveyed to the hand applied to the chest of a speaking person. F., Tussive, the thrill felt when the hand is placed upon the chest while the patient coughs. F., Vocal. See Voca/. - - Fremontia (fre-mon’-she-ah) [after John C. Fremonſ, an American explorer]. A genus of malvaceous shrubs. F. californica, Californian slippery elm, is not related botanically to the true elms, but its bark is used in the same way as that of the slippery elm. French [Francus, a Frank]. Pertaining to France. F. Blue. See Artificial Ultramarine under Pigments, Conspectus of F. Crust, or F. Distemper. Synonym of Sºphilis. F. Green. Same as Schweinfurt Green. F. Measles. Synonym of Röſhe/n, g. v. F. Method, the manual method of instruction of deaf-mutes. F. Mulberry. See Callicarpa. F. Pox. Synonym of A popular name for FRENETIC Syphilis. F. Purple. Same as Archil. See Pig. ments, Conspectus of F. Red. See Pigments, Conspectus of F. Spirit, Brandy. F. White. Same as PWhite Zead. Frenetic (fren-et/-ié) [Fr., frénétique]. mental disorder. Freno-secretory (fre/-no-se-Åre/-for-e) [frenum, bridle; secretio, a separation]. Exercising a restraining or inhibitory power over the secretions. Frenulum (fren/-u-ſum) [dim., of frenum, a bridle: pl., Frenula]. A small or minute frenum. The name given to the cephalic portion of the valvula of the mesencephal. In biology, a strong elastic bristle on the upper edge and near the base of the secondary wing of butterflies and moths, which folds the secon- daries when at rest; it serves to lock the wings together. Frenum (fre’-num) [L., a curb). A ligament, fold of integument, or other part, that checks or limits the movements of any organ. F. dentis, the socket of a tooth. F. labiorum, the fourchet or lower com- missure of the labia pudendi. F. linguae, the bridle of the tongue. F., Macdowel’s, the accessory fibers strengthening anteriorly the intermuscular septum of the deep fascia of the arm attached to the great pec- toral tendon. F. of Penis, the fold on the lower sur- face of the glans penis connecting it with the prepuce. Frenzy (fren/-ze) [ppévmatc; ppäv, brain; mind.]. Ex- treme and violent mania. F., Transitory, a condi- tion of impaired consciousness characterized by either an intense maniacal frenzy or a confused hallucinatory delirium, the duration of which does not exceed the period of a day or two. Frère Côme, Arsenical Paste of. Arsenious acid and animal charcoal, each one part; mercuric sul- phid, four parts; to be used only over a small area at a time. F. C.’s Operation. See Operations Zable. Fresco Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. Fret [ME., freten, to eat up]. An abrasion; a chaf- ing; herpes; tetter. Fretting (fret'-ing) [ME., freten, to eat up]. ing. Synonym of Zormina. Fretum (fre/-tum) [L., a strait]. A constriction. F. of Haller, in the fetal heart, the constriction between the auricles and the ventricles. Freund's Operations. See Operations, Table of F.'s Test. See Tests, Table of Frey’s White Mass. A substance for injecting tissues. Precipitate from 125 to 185 c. c. of a cold, saturated, aqueous solution of barium chlorid by adding H,SO, drop by drop. Allow the precipitate to settle for 24 hours, and decant the clear fluid. The remaining mu- cilaginous mass is mixed with an equal volume of strong gelatin Solution. Friable (fri/-aē-Z) [friare, to rub]. crumbled. Friar's Balsam (fri/-arz ba/-sam). A name given to the Balsamzam traumaticum, N. F., and also to the very similar Tinctura benzoini composita, U. S. P. See Aenzoin, and Wade's Balsam. Fricke's Operation. See Operations, Table of Friction (frik/-shun) [frictio; fricare, to rub). I. The act of rubbing. The process, in medicine, called shampooing. Also the inunction of a medicinal sub- stance by rubbing. 2. In massage, firm circular manipulations, always followed by centripetal strok- ings. Friction may be practised with the thumb, with the tips of the fingers, or with one hand. F.-fremitus. See Aº-emitus. F.-sound, the sound observed in auscultation, as a result of the rubbing together of ad- jacent parts, as of the pleural folds, the pericardium, or the peritoneum. Relating to A chaf- Easily broken or 494 FRONDOSE Friedländer, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic 7able of F.'s Hematoxylon Solution. See Stains, Table of F.'s Method, a method of staining Pneu- monia-cocci. See Stains, 7able of. F., Microbe of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of . Friedreich’s Ataxia or Disease. Hereditary Ataxia, or Hereditary Ataxic Paraplegia, or Postero-lateral Sclerosis, depending on combined posterior and lateral sclerosis of the cord, and differing from tabes and ataxic paraplegia in the early age of its appearance, its hereditary nature, and some other features. Also applied to Paramyoclonus multiplex. See Diseases, Table of F.'s Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Fright (frit) [ME., frizt, fright]. Sudden and extreme fear. F.-neuroses, Page’s term for certain neuromi- metic disorders following injury. This class of cases is generally considered under the name of “trate- matic hysteria.” Fright-neuroses are frequently en- countered in males as the result of railway injuries. Frigorific (frig-or-if”-ié) [frigus, cold; facere, to make]. I. Producing extreme cold. 2. That which produces extreme cold. F. Mixture, Arnott's Mix- ture ; a mixture used as a local anesthetic. It con- sists of two parts of ice, and one of salt. These are pulverized separately in a canvas or linen bag, and then thoroughly mixed and surrounded by a piece of gauze. As soon as the mixture begins to melt it should be placed over the part to be anesthetized. Fringe (frinj) [ME, fringe, a fringe]. See Fimbria. F.-tree, the bark of the root of Chiomanthus virginica, a mild diuretic, aperient, and reputed alterative. Dose of the fid. ext, 3 ss—j. Unof. See Chiomanthus. Frog [ME., frogge, a frog). I. An amphibian of the family Ranidae. 2. In farriery, an elastic, horny substance that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse’s foot, dividing it into two branches, and run- ning toward the heel in the form of a fork. 3. A popular name for Æanula, Q. v. It is also called Arog-tongue. F., Cohnheim's. See Cohn/heim. F.- face, a facial deformity due to the growth of polypi or other tumors in the nasal cavities. A temporary condition of this kind may be due to orbital cellulitis or facial erysipelas. F.-gait, a peculiar hopping progression due to contractions of the flexors and ad- ductors of the thighs, and to paralysis of the adductors. It is one of the results of infantile diplegia. F.- headed, the appellation given to anencephalic mon- sters, from their peculiar contour, which is due to the imperfect development of the orbits and the consequent apparent prominence of the eyes. F.-spawn Mat- ter. See Boiſed-sago Matter. F.-tongue. See Frog. Froissement (frzvas-mon(g)) [Fr., bruising]. In mas- Sage, a form of “rough attachement,” of the skin and superficial tissues. See Attachement. Frölement (fräl-mong)) [Fr.]. A brushing; in mas- Sage, a succession of slow, backward-and-forward movements, as from a center to a periphery, and the reverse. It is done with the palmar surface of the fingers, or with the roulet. Fromage de Brie (fro-mahzh du(r)-bre). Frohmann’s Lines. See Line. Frond (frond) [frons, a leafy branch]. In biology, a leaf-like expansion of certain invertebrates, espec- ially such as resemble plants. A thallus, or organ in which the functions of leaf and stem are not fully differentiated. Frondescence (from-des/-ems) [frondescere, to put forth leaves]. In biology, the state of bursting into leaf. Cf. Foliation, and Phyllody. Frondose (fron’-dós) [frondosus, leafy]. In biology, See Cheese. FRONS having thin, expanded parts. Thalloid, or like a thallus. Frons (fronz) [L. : gen., Frontis]. The forehead. Front (frunt) [frons, the forehead]. The forehead. F. Combination. See Combination. F.-tap Con- traction of Gowers. See Contraction, and Reflexes, Table of Frontad ( {...} [frons, the forehead; ad, to J. Towards the frontal aspect. Frontadiform (frun-tad/-īform) [frons, front; forma, form]. In biology, having the body extended in the direction of the forehead. Frontal (frunt/-al) [frontalis, of the forehead]. I. Pertaining to the anterior part or aspect of an organ or body. 2. More often, belonging to the frans or forehead. F. Bone, the anterior bone of the skull and superior bone of the face. F. Crest. See Crest. F. Eminence. See Eminence. F. Lobe. See Zobe. F. Section. See Section. F. Sinuses, the cavities, one over each orbit, of the frontal bone. F. Trian- gle. See Zºiangles, Zable of Frontalis Muscle (from-ta/-lis) [frontalis, of the forehead]. The frontal portion of the occipito-frontal muscle. See Muscles, Table of Fronten (frun/-tem) [frons, the forehead]. ing to the frontal bone in itself. Frontlet (frunt’-let) [frons, the forehead]. In biology, applied to the forehead of a bird when distinguished by some peculiarity. Fronto- (frum/-to-) [frons, the forehead]. A prefix de- noting anterior position; or, more often, expressing a relation with the frons, or forehead. F.-alveolar, relating to the frontal and alveolar regions. F.- ethmoid, relating to the frontal and ethmoid bones. F.-occipital, relating to both forehead and occiput. F.-triangle. See Triangle. F.-orbital, relating to forehead and orbit. Frontodymia (frun-to-dim/-e-ah). pagus and Cephalodymia. Frost ſold Danish, froste, frost]. In farriery, to sharpen the front and hind parts of a horse's shoes. F.-bite, injury to the skin or a part from extreme cold, result- ing in inflammation and gangrene ; pagoplexia. F.- itch, a name for Prurigo ſhiemalis. F.-wort. See Aeliazzthemzzam. Frosted Feet (frosſ-fed ſet). See Chilblain. Froth [ME., frothe, froth]. Foam, as from the mouth. F., Bronchial, that coming from the bronchial tubes, as in asthma. - Frottage (frot-ahzh/) [Fr.]. A form of sexual perver- sion in which the orgasm is induced by simply rubbing against or toying with the clothing of women. An individual so afflicted is called a frotteur. Frotteur (fro-tair') [Fr.]. See Froſtage. Frown [ME., frownen, to scowl]. To scowl. A wrinkling of the brow. Frozen Attitude (fro/-zen at'-it-rid). See Attitude. Fructiculose (fruk-tik/-u-lās) [fructiculus, dim. of fructus, fruit]. In biology, bearing much fruit. Fructification (fruk-ºf-ik-a/-shun) [fructificare, to bear fruit]. In biology, fecundation, fertilization, impregnation; the act of forming, or the production of fruit, of whatever sort. Fructose (fruk/-täs) [fructus, fruit], CºH1,0s. Fruit- sugar, formerly called levulose ; it is found in almost all Sweet fruits. It is formed, together with grape-sugar, in the so-called inversion, or decomposition of cane-sugar, by boiling with acids or by the action of ferments. The mixture of the two is called invert-sugar. Fruit-sugar forms a thick syrup, which at IOoº C. dries to a gummy, deliquescent mass. It may be crystallized in fine, silky needles, fusing at 95°C. It is more slowly Belong- Same as Cephalo- 495 FULGURANT fermented by yeast than grape-sugar. It reduces an alkaline copper-solution in the same proportion as the latter. See also Carbohydrates, Zable of Fruehjahrkatarrh [Ger.]. See Ophthalmia, Spring. Frugivorous (fru-jiv'-or-us) [frux, fruit; vorare, to devour]. Fruit-eating. Frühlingskatarrh (fre/-lings-Åat-ar) [Ger.]. Vernal Conjunctivitis and Ophthalmia, Spring. Fruit (ſroot) [fructus, fruit]. The developed ovary of a plant, and especially the succulent, fleshy parts gathered about the same. Also applied to the offspring See of animals. F.-sugar. See Sugar and Fructose. F.-dots. See Sorus. Frumentaceous (fru-men-ta/-she-us) [frumentum, grain]. Belonging to or resembling grain. Frumentum (fru-mem/-tum) [L.]. Wheat or other grain. Spiritus frumenti, whisky. See Spiritus. Frutescent (fru-tes/-ent) [frutex, a shrub). In biology, somewhat shrubby. wº Frutex (fru/-teås) [L. a shrub, a bush; pl. Frutices]. In biology, a shrub ; a woody, perennial plant, gener- ally having several stems and not exceeding twenty feet in height. Fruticose, or Fruticous (fru/-tik-às, or -us) [frutex, a shrub). Shrubby. Fruticulose (fru-tik/-u-lós) [fruticulus, dim. of fru- tex, a shrub]. In biology, resembling a small shrub. Fryer's Apparatus. A transfusion apparatus made of a single piece of rubber with two bulbs. F.'s Oper- ation. See Operations, Table of Fuchsin (ſook’-sin) [after Leonhard Fuchs], CooHigns:- HCl. Rosein, Magenta, Eosin, Anilin-red. The hydrochlorid of rosanilin, a lustrous, green, crystalline salt imparting an intense red to solutions. In large doses it produces violent emesis and purging. In- jected into a vein it causes staggering and trembling. It is said to be efficient in reducing albuminuria. Dose gr. V4—iv. See Pigments, Conspectus of F.-bodies, the name given by Russel to certain bodies found in car- cinomata to which he attributes the causation of the growths; he refers them to the sprouting fungi. Other observers find similar bodies which they hold to be coccidia, while others consider them as crystals of Safranin or other pigments used in the preparation. Fuchsinophile (ſook-sin/-o-ſil) [fuchsin , pt2.Éetv, to love]. Readily stained by fuchsin. Fuciphagous (fre-siſ’-ag-us). Same as Fºrcizorous. Fucivorous (ſu-siz’-or-us) [fucus, a seaweed ; vorare, to devour]. In biology, applied to such animals as the dugong, certain marine turtles, etc., that feed on sea-weeds. Fucus (ſu'-Kus) [ÖVKoç, seaweed]. A genus of marine algae, the rock-weeds. F. vesiculosus, bladder-wrack, sea-wrack; a marine alga abundant on the Seashore; it is used as an alterative and tonic. It is employed in goiter and glandular enlargements, but mainly as an empiric remedy for the absorption of fatty tissue in obesity. An extract for such purpose is sold under the name of anti-fat. Dose of the solid extract, gr. X ; of the fluid extract, 3 j—ij. Unof. Fuel (fu/-el) [ME., fuel, a wood-yard]. Combustible matter. F.-gas, natural gas mixed with air, used largely for manufacturing purposes as a substitute for solid fuel. Artificial gas, of the water-gas type, not enriched with hydrocarbons for rendering it illuminant, is also sold as fuel-gas. Fugacious (fiega'-shus) [fugere, to flee]. In biology, falling off, or fading early; fleeting ; fugitive. Fugitive Color (ſº-jić-iv Auſ'-or). See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. Fulgurant (ful'-ju-rant) [fulgurare, to flash; fulgur, lightning]. Severe and terrific; as fulgurant pains. FULGURATION Fulguration (ful ju-ra/-shun) [fulguratio, a stroke of lightning]. I. Lightning-stroke. 2. A sensation of swiftly darting pains. Fuliginous (fu-/:/-in-us) [fuliginosus, full of soot]. Smoke-like ; very dark; soot-colored; applied to lips that are covered with dry, black crusts, as a “fuligin- ous coating.” Fuligo (fu-li/-go) [L.]. Soot; sordes. F. ligni, the soot of a wood-fire; ointments and tinctures of it are popularly esteemed. It is a good disinfectant. F. kali, a preparation of soot boiled in caustic potash, and used in skin-diseases. Cf. Anthrako/*ali. Full [ME., ful, full]. I. Replete; filled. cated. 3. Entire. F. Bath. See Bath. Fullers' Earth (ful/-erz urth). A siliceous non-fictile | clay, used in the fulling of cloth, on account of its Soapy quality; it was formerly used as an absorbent, like bole. Fuller's Lotion. A lotion for rheumatic joints, com- posed of carbonate of soda, 6 drams; laudanum, I ounce ; glycerin, 2 ounces, and water, 9 ounces. Saturate hot cloths with this and apply. F.'s Pill, a purgative pill, containing aloes, Senna, asafetida, gal- banum, myrrh, Sulphate of iron, saffron, mace, oil of amber, honey, and alcohol. Fulling (ful/-ing) [ME., fullynge, fulling]. In mas- sage, a valuable method of kneading, named from the motion used by fullers in rubbing linen between their hands. It consists in holding the limb between the palms of both hands, with the fingers fully extended, and making a rapid to-and-fro movement with each, the result being that the limb is rolled back and forth between the hands. Fulmar Oil (ful/-/tar) [ME., fulmar]. Oil cast up from the stomach of the fulmar (Procellaria glacialis), a sea bird of the N. Atlantic. It has the general qualities of cod-liver oil. Fulminant, or Fulminating (ful/-min-ant, or ful/- min-a-ting) [fulminare, to lighten]. Sudden, severe, and rapid in course; as fulminant glaucoma. Same as Foudroyant, g. v. Fulminate (ful'-min-át) [fulmen, lightning]. A com- pound of fulminic acid with a base, usually silver, gold, or mercury, characterized by highly explosive qualities. Fulminating (ful/-min-a-ting). See Fulminant. Fulvous (ful/-vus) [fulvus, deep-yellow, tawny, flame- colored]. Having a tawny-yellow color. Fumaria (ſu-ma/-re-ah). See Fumitory. Fumarin | fu/-mar-in) [fumus, smoke]. An alkaloid from Pumaria officinalis, recommended as strongly antipyretic. Unof. Fumigation (fu-mig-a/-shun) [fumigare, to smoke]. Disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vaporized disinfectant. Fumitory(ſu/-mit-or-e) [ſumus, smoke; terra, earth]. The plants Æumaria officinalis, and F bulbosa, herbs native to Europe: formerly esteemed as polychrest remedies, but now neglected ; they are actively deob- struent and antifebrile. Unof. Fumous (fu/-mus) [fumus, smoke]. smoke-colored; fuliginous. Fumus (fu/-mus) [L.J. Smoke. for Fumitory. º Function (fung/-shum) [fungi, to perform]. The normal or special action of a tissue, organ, or part of the body. Functional (fung/-shum-al) [fungi, to perform]. Per- taining to the special action of an organ, whether physiologic or pathologic. F. Disease, one without appreciable organic alterations. F. Spasm, a term applied to any of the so-called Fatigue-diseases. 2. Intoxi- In biology, F. terre, old name 496 33 FUNICULUS Functionalization (funk-shum-al-iz-a/-shun) [functio, a function]. Restoration of a lost or diseased func- tion. Fundal (fun/-dal) [fundus, the bottom]. to a fundus. Fundament (fun/-dam-ent) [fundamentum : ſundus, bottom]. I. The foundation or base of a thing. 2. In embryology, the rudiment. 3. The anus. Fundamental (ſun-dam-ent/-al) [fundamentum : fundus, bottom]. Pertaining to the foundation. F. Tissue, in biology, unspecialized parenchyma ; those tissues of a plant through which the fibro-vascular bun- dles are distributed. Fundus (fun/-dus) [fundus, the bottom]. The base of an organ. F. Glands, microscopic tubular glands of the cardiac portion of the gastric mucous mem- brane. F. oculi, the posterior and interior portion of the eye seen by the ophthalmoscope, comprising chiefly the retina, papilla, retinal vessels, etc. F. uteri, the part of the womb remotest from the cervix, and situated cephalad from the outlets of the oviducts. F. vesicae, the basis, floor, or bas fond of the urinary bladder. Fungate (fung/-gāt) [fungus, a toadstool]. To grow up with a fungous form or appearance. Also to grow rapidly like a fungus (applied to certain pathologic growths). Fungi (fun/-ji). See Fungus. Fungicide (fun/ºjis-id) [fungus, a toadstool; cadere, to kill]. I. Destructive to fungi; bactericide. 2. An agent that destroys fungi or bacteria. Fungiform (fun/-jiform)[fungus, a mushroom; forma, form]. Having the form of a mushroom. F. Papillae, elevations upon the middle and back part of the tongue. Fungin (fun/-jin) [fungus, a toadstool]. A peculiar principle found in most of the fungi. It is a whitish, soft, insipid, fleshy substance, insoluble in water, alco- hol, ether, or weak H,SO, soluble in heated hydro- chloric acid. Fungoid (fung/-goid) [fungus, a toadstool; elóoc, Relating likeness]. Resembling a fungus; fungous. Fungosity (ſung-gos/-īt-e) [fungus, a toadstool]. A fungous growth ; the quality of being fungous. Fungous (fung/-gus) [fungus, a toadstool]. Having the appearance or qualities of a fungus; excrescent, soft and swiftly-growing. F. Endometritis. See Andometritis. Fungus (fung/-gus) [fungus, a toadstool; pl., Fungi J. I. An order of plants without stems, leaves or roots, consisting of juxtaposed cells, without chlorophyl. They reproduce by spores. The chief classes are the Aymenomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, Schizo- mycetes, and Oömycetes. 2. A spongy, morbid ex- crescence, as proud-flesh. F. of Brain, hernia cerebri. F. of Dura Mater, a tumor of the skull, of malignant nature, originating in the layers of osteal cells. F. Foot. See Foot. F. haematodes, a bleeding tumor, generally a soft cancer, Funic (ſu/-mić) [ſumis, a rope]. funiculus or umbilical cord. Funicular (ſu-nik/-u-lar) [ſunis, a rope]. Relating to the funiculus. F. Souffle, a hissing sound syn- chronous with that of the fetal heart, heard in auscul- tating the pregnant abdomen. It is heard in only from 14 to 15 per cent. of cases, and is referable to the umbilical cord. Funiculitis (fu-mik-u-li/-äs) [funiculus, the spermatic cord; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the sper- matic cord. - Funiculus (fu-mik/-u-lus) [L., a cord; dim. of fumis, a rope]. I. In biology, applied to various cord-like structures, as the spermatic cord, the umbilical Pertaining to the FUNIFORM cord of mammals or its analogue in lower animals, the ultimate nerve-bundles, the attachment of the base of the stomach of a polyp with the bottom of its cell, the slender part of the clubbed antenna of an insect, the stalk of an ovule or seed, etc. 2. A bundle of nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineurium. 3. A name, variously qualified, for the different columns of the spinal cord and oblongata ; as the F. cuneatus, F. gracilis, F of Æolando, F. teres. F. cuneatus. See Column of Burdach. F. gra- cilis. See Column of Gol/. Funiform (fu/-niform) [funis, rope; forma, shape]. In biology, resembling a rope or cord. - Funis (fu/-nis) [L.]. A cord; applied to the umbili- cal cord. Funnel (ſum/-el) [Old Fr., ſomel]. I. A wide-mouthed, conic vessel ending in a tube, designed to aid in the speedy and safe transfer of liquids from one vessel to another. It is also used as a support for paper-filters. 2. An infundibulum. F. Mitral, a condition of the mitral valve in mitral stenosis in which the left auricle and the valve-structures are transformed into a hollow cone. This condition is also called Button-hole Mitral. F., Muscular, the funnel-shaped space bounded by the four straight muscles of the eye; its apex is at the optic foramen, the eyeball forms its base, and along its axis runs the optic nerve. F.-shaped Pelvis, a congenital deformity of the pelvis, in which it retains its fetal or funnel shape. F., Vascular, the light-hued depres- sion at the center of the disc of the retina; if exag- gerated, it forms a so-called physiologic cup. Funny Bone (ſun'-e ban). The internal condyle of the humerus. Being crossed superficially by the ulnar nerve, blows upon it give an unpleasant sensation to the hand; whence the name. Fur [ME., ſurre, fur]. A coating of morbid matters, including an increased amount of epithelium, seen upon the tongue in various conditions of disease. Furan (fur/-an) [ſurfur, bran], C, H, O. Furfuran; tetrol; a product of the destructive distillation of pine- wood; it is also produced synthetically by the dis- tillation of pyromucic acid. It is a liquid, insoluble in water, with a peculiar odor, and boiling at 32°C. It yields bluish-violet dyestuffs with isatin and sulphuric acid, and violet-red with phenanthraquinone. Fürbringer's Method. A method of cleansing the hands and nails of operators. The hands and forearms having been thoroughly cleansed by scrubbing with soap and warm water and the nails carefully cleansed, the hands and forearms are dipped for at least a min- ute in absolute alcohol, then immediately into warm bichlorid of mercury solution (I : IOOO) and well scrubbed with a nail-brush, the nails receiving partic- ular attention. Furca (fur/-4a/) [L., a fork]. A fork. F. orbitalis, the orbital fork; one of the earliest signs of the orbit seen in the embryo ; it is a mere trace of bifur- cated bony tissue. Furcate (ſur/-kāt) [furca, a fork]. In biology, forked ; divided into two equal branches. Furcula (fur/-Au-lah) [L., dim, of furca, a fork]. In biology, applied to various forked structures, as the united clavicles (wish-bone or merry-thought) of a bird, or the bifid processes of certain insects. Furfur(fur/fur)[L.]. Dandruff or perrigo; scurf; the bran of flour. F., Microsporon. See Tinea versicolor. Furfuraceous (fur-ſur-a/-she-us) [furfur, bran]. Re- sembling bran. Applied also to dandruff-covered skin. Furfuran (fur/-fu-ran). See Furan, Furfurin (fur’-fu-rin), [furfur, bran], Cishi,N,Os. A basic crystalline principle derivable from furfurol; it has been proposed as an antipyretic and tonic remedy. 497 FUSIFORM Furfurol (fur/-fu-rol) [furfur, bran; oleum, oil], C.H.O. The aldehyd of furfuryl alcohol is produced in the distillation of bran with dilute H2SO4, or of sugar, etc. It is also derived from arabinose or xylose and occurs in the decomposition-products of albumi- noid bodies, as meat, cheese, urine, etc. With phenyl- hydrazin it forms a nearly insoluble compound, fur- furo/ hydrazon. It is a colorless volatile oil, with an aromatic odor. Its specific gravity at I 30°C. is I. I63. It boils at 162° C. It combines with dimethylanilin to form a green dye-stuff, corresponding to malachite green. It exists in certain new whiskies; but as the spirit becomes older the furfurol gradually disappears. Furibund (fu/-re-bund)[ſuribundus, raging]. Raging; maniacal (applied to certain insane patients). Furor (fu/-ror) [L.]. Madness; fury; a maniacal attack. F. genitalis. Same as AErotomania. F. epilepticus, epileptic insanity. F. transitorius. See Mania, Transitory. F. uterinus. See AVym- phomazzia. Furred (furd)[ME., ſurre, fur]. Having an abnormal coating of granular or epithelial scales and other mat- ter; as a furred tongue. Furrow (fur/-o) [ME., furwe, a groove]. A groove or trench. F., Auriculo-ventricular, the great transverse groove separating the auricles of the heart from the ventricles. F., Digital, one of the trans- verse lines or furrows on the palmar surface of the fingers. F., Genital, a groove appearing on the genital tubercle of the fetus at the end of the second month. F., Interventricular, two longitudinal grooves separating the two ventricles of the heart. F., Jadelot's. See /adelot’s Zines, or Furrows. Furrowing (fur/-o-ing) [ME., furwe, a groove]. In biology, the process of segmentation of the yolk of an egg in some animals, as Amphibia. Furuncle (fu/-rung-Al). See Furunculus. Furunculosis (fu-rung-ku-lo/-sis) [ſurunculus, a boil]. The morbid condition that is associated with the production of furuncles. Furunculous (fu-rung/-Aze-lus) [ſurunculus, a boil]. Characterized by a continuous production of furuncles. Furunculus (fu-rung/-ku-lus) [L.]. A boil. A local inflammatory affection, commonly involving a skin- gland or hair-follicle, ending in necrosis and central suppuration of adjacent parts. It begins with painful induration, followed by swelling, finally suppu- rating and sloughing at the “core.” F. orientalis, Oriental Boil, Aleppo Boil, Delhi Boil, Biscara But- ton, Gafsa Button, Kandahar Sore, Pendjeh Sore, Natal Sore. A local disease, marked by the succes- sive formation of papule, tubercle, scab, and sharply circumscribed ulcer on the face, especially the cheeks and angle of the mouth. It is common along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Fuscescent (ſus-es/-ent)[fuscus, dusky]. In biology, of a dark-brownish tinge. Fuscin (fus/-īn) [fuscus, dark]. Retinal melanin. A pigment found as minute granules imbedded in the cell-substance and processes of the retinal epithelium. Fuscoferruginous (fus-Ao-fer-oo/-jin-us) [ſuscus, dark; ferruginous, rusty]. Brownish; rust-colored. Fuscotestaceous (fas-Åo-tes-ta/-she-us) [ſuscus, dark. dusky; testaceus, brick-colored]. Dull reddish-brown. Fuscous (fus/-äus) [ſuscus, dusky]. Grayish-brown. Fusel Oil (fu/-zel). See Alcohol. Fusible (fu/-zib-l) [fusus, melted]. That which may be fused or melted. F. Calculus. See Calculus. Fusiform (fe’-siform) [fusus, a spindle; forma, shape]. Spindle-shaped; larger in the middle and diminishing in diameter toward either end; applied to cells, fibers, etc. 32 FUSION 498 GALACTOPHLEBITIS Fusion (fu/-zhun) [fusio, ſundere, to pour out]. The Fustigation (fus-tig-a/-shun) [ſustigare, to beat]. process of liquefying a solid by the agency of heat. Fuso-cellular (fu/-so-se/-u-lar)[fusus, a spindle; cella, a cell]. Spindle-celled; as a fuso-cellular sarcoma. Fustic (fus/-tić) [Fr., fustoe). A yellow dye-stuff, the wood of Cholorophora tinctoria, an urticaceous tree of tropical America. The wood of Rhus cotinus, or Venetian Sumach, is called young fustic. Flagellation. F., Electric, an application of elec- tricity in which the surface of the body is rapidly tapped with the electrodes of an induced current. Fustin (fus/-tin) [ſustus, a knotted stick], CisłI10Os. A yellow crystalline coloring-matter obtained from Achus cotinus. See Pigments, Conspectus of Fuzzball (fuz/-bawl). See Bovista. G. Abbreviation of gram. Gabbett’s Method. A method of detecting tubercle- bacilli in cover-glass preparations. See Stains, Table of Gabian (ga/-be-an) [Fr.]. A variety of naphtha or petroleum from Gabian, a town of France, in Hé- rault ; oleum gabianum. Gaboon Chocolate (gab-oom' chok/-o-let). See Iba. Gad-fly (gad/ſli) [gad, a goad; M.E., ſye, a fly]. A dipterous insect belonging to the genus Tabanus. Also applied to flies of the genus CEstris. Gadinin (gad/-in-in) [from Gadus callarias, haddock], C. Hiſ NO,. A ptomaîne obtained from decomposing haddock, and also from cultures of the bacteria of human feces. It acts as a decided poison when given in large doses. Gaduin (gad/-tt-in) [gadus, the codfish], Cas H16O2. A fatty principle occurring in cod-liver oil; it is a dark- brown, brittle substance. Gadus (gaſ-dus) [Yáðog, the whiting]. A genus of fish. G. morrhua, the cod; a fish from the livers of which cod-liver oil is obtained. See Morrhua. Gaeophagia (ſe-o-ſa/~ſe-a/). See Geop/agy. Gaertner, Ducts of. See ZXuct. Gaffky's Method. A method of staining the bacillus of typhoid fever. See Stains, Table of Gafsa Button (gaſ/-sa/, but/-m). See Furunculus orientalis. Gag [gaggen, to Suffocate]. An instrument, generally made of flexible rubber, placed between the teeth to prevent closure of the jaws during the administration of nitrous oxid gas, or in operations on the mouth. Gage's Solution. See Stains, Table of Gaiac (gaſ-yaº). Same as Guaiacum. Gaillard's Suture. See Suture. Gait (gåt) [AS.]. The manner of progression by walk- ing. The peculiarities of the gait may assume great diagnostic importance in cases of central nervous dis- order. G., Cerebellar, a gait in which the feet are widely spread apart for support, and associated with a staggering movement. It is due to disease, usually tumor, of the middle lobe of the cerebellum. G., Equine, a gait in which the foot hangs down and can- not be moved, progression being accomplished by flexing the thigh on the abdomen. It is seen in pero- neal paralysis. G., Frog, the characteristic hopping- gait of infantile paralysis. Gal. Abbreviation of gal/0m. Galactacrasia (gal-ak-ta/-ra/-ze-ah) [yáña, milk; d, priv.; Kpāoug, mixture]. Defect or abnormality in the composition of the milk. Galactaemia (gal-a/-äe/-me-a/). See Galachemia. Galactagogue (gal-ak/-flag-og) [Yáña, milk; āyoyáç, leading]. I. Inducing the secretion of milk. 2. An agent that increases the secretion of milk in the breast. - Galactangioleucitis (gal-ak-tan-je-o-lu-si”-tis), [yáža, milk; áyyelov, vessel; Wevkóg, white]. Lymphangitis associated with lactation. Galactapostema (gal-ak-tap-os-teſ-mah) [yāāa, milk; âtróotmua, abscess: pl., Galactapostemata]. Milk- abscess; mammary abscess associated with lactation. Galactedema (gal-ak-te-deſ-mah) [yáža, milk; oiómua, a swelling]. Swelling of the mamma due to accumu- lation of milk within it. Galacthemia (gal-ak-the'-me-ah) [yáža, milk; alpa, blood]. I. A milky state or appearance of the blood. 2. Bloody milk, or the giving of bloody milk. Galactia (gal-a/-te-a/) [Yaha, milk]. A genus of diseases, according to Good’s NoSology, embracing defective or abnormal secretion of milk. G. virorum, the secretion of milk by the male. Galactic (gal-aē/-tié) [yažaktukóg, milky]. . Relating to or promoting the flow of milk. Galactidrosis (gal-ak-tid-ro/-sis) [yáža, milk; iópóg, sweat]. The sweating of a milk-like fluid. Galactin (gal-a/ º [yáža, milk]. I. Same as Zactose. 2. An amorphous alkaloid or base, reported to be ob- tainable from milk. 3. A wax obtained from the sap of the S. American cow-tree, Galactodendron utile; it is used locally in candle-making. 4. C5H10O3, a carbohydrate from the seeds of leguminous plants. Galactirrhea (gal-ak-ſer-e'-ah). See Galactorrhea. Galactoblast (gal-ak/-to-blast) [yáña, milk; 8%aoróg, a germ]. A peculiar fat-containing globule found in the acini of the mammary gland. Galactocele (ga/-a/-to-sel) [yá%a, milk; Khºm, tumor]. I. A cystic tumor of the female breast due to a collec- tion of milk and resulting from closure of a milk-duct. 2. Hydrocele with milky contents. Galactodendron (gal-ak-to-dem/-dron) [yáña, milk; Öévôpov, a tree]. The cow-tree. See Brosimum. Galactoglycosuria (gal-ak-to-gli-ko-su/-re-ah) [yáža, milk; YWvküç, sweet; oipov, urine]. Glycosuria de- pendent upon lactation. Galactoid (gal-ak/-toid) [yá%a, milk ; eiðoç, form]. Resembling milk. Galactoma (gal-ak-to/-mah) [yáža, milk; 6p1a, a tumor ; pl., Galactomata]. Same as Galactocele. Galactometer (gal-ak-tom/-et-er). See Lactometer. Galactoncus (gal-ak-tong/-kus) [yáža, milk; Śykoç, a swelling]. Same as Galactocele. Galactonic Acid (gal-ak-ton/-i}). See Lactonic Acid. Galactophagous (gal-ak-toff’-ag-us) [yā%a, milk; (payeiv, to eat]. Milk-eating. Galactophlebitis (gal-ak-to-ſle-bi/-tis) . [yáža, milk; pñéºp, vein; trug, inflammation]. I. Milk-leg ; phleg. GALACTOPHLysis masia alba dolens; phlebitis associated with lactation. 2. Phlebitis in a suckling child. Galactophlysis (gal-ak-toff’-lis-is) [yáža, milk; 4%atc, eruption]. A vesicular eruption containing a milk-like fluid, and associated with a suppression of lactation. Galactophora (gal-ak-toff’-or-ah) [yáža, milk; pépety, to bear]. Remedies that increase the secretion of milk. Galactophoritis (gal-ak-toff-or-i/-tis) [Yáña, milk; ſpépetv, to bear; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a milk-duct. Galactophorous (gal-ak-toff’-or-us) [yāāa, milk; pépetv, to bear]. Milk-bearing. G. Ducts, the ex- cretory ducts of the mammae. Galactophorus (gal-ak-toff’-or-us) [yáža, milk; pépetv, to bear]. An artificial nipple placed over the natural organ in order to facilitate suckling and also to protect the natural nipple when abraded. Galactophthisis (gal-ak-toff’-this-ás) [yāāa, milk; pôtoug, consumption]. Emaciation and debility due to excessive secretion of milk. Galactophyga (gal-ak-toff’-ig-ah)[Yáña, milk; petryetv, , to shun]. of milk. Galactophygous (gal-ak-toff’-ig-us) [yā%a, milk; ºvyń, flight]. Having the power to reduce or arrest the se- cretion of milk. Galactoplania (gal-ak-to-pla/-ne-ah)[yáža, milk; Tāāvm, a wandering]. The metastasis of milk; any secretion or discharge of a milky fluid consequent upon a sup- pression of lactation. Galactoplerosis (gal-ak-to-ple-roſ-sis) [Yáža, milk; traffpoolç, a filling]. Distention of the mamma from hypersecretion of milk, or from closure of the milk- ducts. Galactopoietic (gal-ak-to-poi-et/-ić) [yāāa, milk; Totéetv, to make]. Inducing the secretion of milk; concerned in the secretion of milk. Galactoposia (gal-ak-to-po/-ze-ah) [Yáža, milk; Tôotç, drinking]. “Milk-cure.” The treatment of diseases by the use of a milk-diet. - Galactopyretic (gal-ak-to-pi-ret/-ä) [Yáža, milk; Twperóg, fever]. Relating to milk-fever. Galactopyretus (gal-ak-to-pi/-ret-us) [yāāa, milk; Twperóg, fever]. Milk-fever; the febricula that may attend the establishment of lactation; it is a form of septic infection. Remedies employed to arrest the secretion Galactorrhea (gal-ak-ſor-e'-ah) [Yáña, milk; bota, a flow]. An excessive secretion and flow of milk in a nursing woman. *. Galactoschesis (gal-ak-tos/-kes-is) [Yáña, milk; oxéatc, retention]. The retention or suppression of the milk. Galactoscope (gal-ak/-to-sköp). See Lactoscope. Galactose (gal-ak/-täs)[yáža, milk], CsP11,Os. Lactose; the aldose of dulcitol. It is formed on boiling milk- sugar with dilute acids, and is obtained from such gums as yield mucic acid when oxidized. It crystal- lizes in nodules of grouped needles or leaflets, that melt at 166°C. Its solution is dextro-rotatory. It readily reduces alkaline copper-solutions and is fer- mentable with yeast. See Carbohydrates, Zable of Galactosis (gal-ak-to/-sis) [yažákrootc.; Yaha, milk]. The secretion of milk. Galactostasis (gal-ak-tos/-tas-is) [yáža, milk; otáog, stoppage]. A morbid collection or stoppage of the milk, Galactosyrinx (gal-ak-to-sir/-ingºs) [Yáña, oipty;., a pipe). Lacteal fistula. Galactotherapy (gal-ak-to-ther'-ap-e) [yáža, milk; 6epairetv, treatment]. I. The treatment of dis- ease in suckling infants by the administration of the remedies to the mother or wet-nurse. 2. Milk-cure ; galactoposia. milk ; 499 GALENIC Galactotrophy (gal-ak-toº-ro-ſe) [yāāa, milk; Tpopff, nourishment]. Nourishing with milk only. Galactozemia (gal-ak-to-ze/-me-ah) [Yáža, milk; ſmuía, loss]. I. Loss, diminution, or suppression of the milk by failure of secretion. 2. Loss of milk by wastage; oozing of milk from the nipple. Galactozyme (ga/-a/-to-zim) [yā%a, milk; £iplm, leaven]. I. A drink made by the fermentation of milk, as kefir, or kumiss; also milk fermented with common yeast. Galacturia gal. ak-tu/-re-ah) [yáža, milk; oipov, urine]. Milkiness of the urine; chyluria. Gala-heptose (ga-lah-hep/-täs). See Carbohydrates, Table of tº Galanga, or Galangal (gal-ang/-gah, or ga/-an-ga/) [Chin.]. The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, and of Kampferia galganga (great galangal), much re- sembling ginger. It was formerly brought from China and India, but is now little used. Unof. Galax (ga/-lažs) [yaža, milk]. A genus of diapen- siaceous plants. G. aphylla, of N. America (carpen- ter's leaf, “galax,” beetle-weed), has an astringent root, and the leaves are said to be vulnerary. Unof. Galazyme (ga/-az-im) [yáža, milk; ſūpm, leaven]. A fermented drink, made on the Continent, from milk by adding to it sugar and a special ferment. Galbanum (ga/-ban-um) [Heb., Ahe/benah, white milk]. I. A gum-resin of Ferula galbaniſłua, and F. rubricazalis, native to Asia. It is expectorant, stimulant, and antispasmodic, and is useful in chronic bronchitis and catarrh. Dose gr. x-xx. G., Pil., Comp., each pill contains galbanum gr. iss, myrrh gr. iss, asafetida e e º e s G., Emplastrum, galbanum I6, turpentine 2, Burgundy pitch 6, lead- plaster 76 parts. 2. Locally, in the U. S., Burgundy pitch is popularly called galbanum and is sold under that name. Galbiati Knife (gal-be-a/-e) [Galbiaſi, an Italian obstetrician]. A special knife used in the operation of symphysiotomy. Galbulus (ga/-bu-/us) [L., the nut of the cypress-tree: p/., Ga/buli J. In biology, a closed, fleshy, berry-like cone, as the fruit of the juniper. Gale (gå/) [ME., gazv/, gale]. I. A shrub, Al/jºrica gale, sweet gale of cool regions; it has an aromatic odor, and is used locally for external parasites. See Sweet Gale. 2. The fern-gale, or sweet fern. See Sweet Fern. G. bedouine. See Zichen simplex. Galea (ga/-le-a/) [galea, Yazéa, helmet; fl., Galear]. I. A form of head-bandage. 2. Headache extending all over the head. 3. The aponeurotic portion of the occipito-frontal muscle. 4. In biology, applied to various helmet-shaped parts or organs. G. capitis, a fascial investment covering the crown of the head. Galeamaurosis (ga-le-am-aw-ro’-sis) [5 ažň, cat, wea- sel; duavpóetv, to darken]. See Amaurotic Cat's Aye. Galeanthropy (ga-le-an/-thro-pe) [yažň, cat, weasel; ãv6potog, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which the patient believes himself to be transformed into or in- habited by a cat. Galeati, Glands of. See Crypts of Lieberkähn. Galen (ga/-len). An ancient physician, A. D. 130—200. G.'s Anastomosis, that between the superior and in- ferior laryngeal nerves. G.'s Bandage. See Bandage. G.'s Cerate, a cerate composed of white wax, I ; oil of almonds, 4; rose-water, 3. G., Veins of. See Veine. Galena (ga-le/-mah) [yažňvm, lead ore]. I. A remedy for poison. 2. Native lead sulphid. Galenic, Galenical (ga-/en/-ić, -al) [Galen, an ancient physician]. Relating to or consistent with the teach- ings of Galen. Medicines were said to be gaſenic GALENISM (a) when they were of vegetable origin, and not chemic or spagyric; (b) when they were designed for the use of human patients, and were not veterinary; (c) the term was often nearly equivalent to officinal, or official, in the modern sense of the latter word. Galenism (ga/-/en-izm) [Galen, an ancient physician]. The system or theory of medicine taught by Galen and his followers. Galeopsis (ga-de-op/-sis) [ya%ém, a weasel; 51pug, ap- pearance]. A genus of labiate plants; hemp-nettle. G. ladanum, of Europe, is a popular remedy for coughs. The oil of the seeds of G. tetrahit, of Europe and N. America, is said to be a vermifuge. Unof. Galeropia, or Galeropsia (ga-ler-o'-pe-ah, orga-ler-op/- se-ah) [yažepóg, cheerful ; Śipug, vision]. A preternatur- ally clear and light appearance of objects due to some perversion of the visual apparatus. Galianconism (ga-le-an/-ko-mizm) [ya%táykov, a short- armed person; yažém, weasel ; dyków, elbow]. Atro- phy of the arm, with shortening. Galipe’s Test. See Zests, Table of Galipea (gaſ-if-e'-ah) [L.]. A genus of tropical Amer- ican rutaceous shrubs and trees. G. cusparia and G. officinalis afford angustura baré, g. v., also called cusparia bará. Galipein (gaſ-if-eſ-in) [Galipeal, Cao H21NOs. An alkaloid from cusparia bark. Galipot (ga/-e-pot) [Fr.]. Crude Burgundy pitch. Cf. Gallipod. Galium (ga/-le-um) [yá%tov, milk-wort]. A genus of rubiaceous plants of many species, several of which are used in popular medicine. Among them are G. californicum, G. circaezans, G. pilosum, and G. trifedum, in N. America, and G. mollugo, G. crucia- tum, and G. verum in Europe. See, also, Zadies’ Aedstraw. G. aparine, goose-grass, cleavers, or clivers, a succulent plant, the juice of which is a popular remedy in strumous affections, and is said to be actively diuretic. Dose of the juice 3 v; of the fluid extract 3.j-ij. Unof. Gall (gawl) [ME., galle, 2.6%m, bile]. The bile. The juice normally secreted by the liver. See Galla. G.- ‘bladder, the pear-shaped sac in the right lobe of the liver, constituting the reservoir for the bile. See Chole- cyst. G.-cyst, the gall-bladder. G-duct. See Dzect. G.-fever, a synonym of intermittent fever. G.-stones, the calcareous concretions occasionally formed in the gall-bladder and its ducts. They are usually of small size, but may be as large as a pigeon’s egg. They are composed of the bile-pigments and acids, cholesterin, various salts, especially of lime and mag- nesia. Cholesterin is the chief constituent. They give rise to acute attacks of intense pain, the so-called ôiliary colic. Galla (ga/-a/) [L]. Nut-gall. An excrescence on the leaves of dyer's oak, Quercus /usitanica, caused by the deposited ova of an insect. It contains tannic acid from IO-75 per cent., gallic acid 5 per cent. Dose gr. v-xv. G., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose 3 ss—iij. G., Unguentum, IO per cent. See Acid, Zamzzic. G., Unguentum, cum opii (B.P.), an astringent and sedative ointment. Gallacetophenone (gaſ-as-et-o-fe/-nón) [galla, gall; acidum, acid; F., phényle]. A yellow powder with the formula CH3CO.C.H.,(OH)3, prepared from pyro- gallic acid. It is used as a IO per cent. ointment in dermatology. Gallein (ga/-e-in), CsPI, O. Pyrogallol-phthalein; one of the coal-tar colors, obtained on heating pyro- gallic acid with phthalic anhydrid to 200° C. It dissolves with a dark-red color in alcohol, and with a 500 GALVANIC beautiful blue color in alkalies. It is an important dye-stuff, producing tolerably fast shades of purple and violet on cotton, wool, and silk. See Pigments. Gallic (gaſ/-ä) [galla, an oak-gall]. Pertaining to the oak-gall or nut-gall. G. Acid. See Acid, Gallic. Gallipoli Oil (gaſ-e-po'-le). See Złorkey-red' Oil. Gallipot (gal/-e-pot) [OD., gleypot, a gallipot]. An apothecary’s pot for holding ointments or confections. Gallisin (gal/-is-in) [galla, an oak-gall], C12H24Olo. An unfermentable carbohydrate found in starch-sugar. It is prepared by fermenting a 20 per cent. Solution of starch-sugar with yeast at 18° or 20° C. for five or six days. In the pure state it is a white, amorphous, extremely hygroscopic powder; its taste is at first sweet, but afterward becomes insipid ; it is easily decomposed by heat; is readily soluble in water, nearly insoluble in absolute alcohol. It is dextro-rotatory and reduces copper-solutions. Gallium (ga/-e-um) [Gallia, Gaul]. A rare metal (symbol Ga., sp. gr. 5.935), extremely fusible, and related in chemic properties to aluminum, like which it is capable of forming a series of alums. Some of its compounds are poisonous. See Elements, Table of Gallivorous (ga/-äv/-or-us) [galla, a gall-nut; vorare, to eat, devour]. In biology, applied to the larvae of gall-producing insects that feed on the inside of the nut-gall. Gallization (gal-iz-a/-shun). A method of improving wine, by which the must of a bad year is brought up to the standard found to belong to a good must (24 per cent. of Sugar, O.6 per cent. of acid, and 75.4 per cent. of water) by correcting the ratio of acid to sugar. This is done by adding sugar and water in sufficient quantity. Gallocyanin (gal-o-si/-an-in) [galla, gall (-nut); Küavoc, bluej, Cls His N.Os. A compound produced by the action of nitroso-dimethyl-anilin upon gallic acid, catechuic acid, etc. It forms shining green needles, and serves as a beautiful violet-colored lake in calico print. See Pigments, Conspectus of Galloflavin (gal-o-ſlav/-īn). See Pigments. Gallois’ Test. See Tests, Zable of Gallon (ga/-on) [ME., galon, a gallon ]. A standard unit of volumetric measurement, having in the United States a capacity of 231 cu. in., and equivalent to a weight of 58,328.8 grains of distilled water at maximum density. In Great Britain its capacity is 277.27 cu. in. G., Miniature, in water-testing, a name given to 70 C.C. Gallop Rhythm (ga/-up rithm). A peculiar form of cardiac arrhythmia, in which the sounds resemble the footfall of a horse in cantering. It is expressed by the words “rat-ta-tat.” It is most frequently heard in interstitial nephritis and arterio-sclerosis. It is said to be met with also in healthy persons. Galloping Consumption. The popular term for that very rapidly fatal form of pulmonary tuberculosis, in which there is rapid destruction of the lung-tissue on both sides. It is also called Florid Phthisis. G. Paresis, rapidly progressive general paralysis. Galton’s Whistle. An instrument used for testing the perception of high tones by the ear. Galvanic (gal-vam/-īk) [Galvani, an Italian physician and scientist]. Pertaining to galvanic or chemic elec- tricity. G. Battery. See Battery. G. Belt, a belt composed of alternate plates of copper and zinc, sepa- rated by pieces of felt moistened with a dilute acid. It is designed to be worn around the waist for the con- tinuous application of galvanism. G. Cautery. See Cautery. G. Discs, discs of two dissimilar metals arranged alternately, between which a communication is established when moistened and placed on the skin. GALVANISM G. Poultice, minute pieces of zinc and copper wrapped in cotton-wool, each pair separated by flan- nel, all inclosed in a bag, one side of which is made of rubber-cloth and the other of cotton. The cotton side is placed next the skin, perspiration exciting gal- vanic action. Galvanism (ga/-van-izm) [Galvani, an Italian physi- cian and scientist]. Primary dynamic or current elec- tricity. Galvanization (gal-van-iz-a/-shum) [Galvani, an Ital- ian physician]. The transmission of a current of low electro-motive force through any part of the body for the purpose of diagnosticating or curing disease. G., Central, a variety of general galvanization in which the kathode is placed in the epigastrium and the anode is moved over the body. G., General, galvan- ization of the entire body. Galvano- (gal-van/-o-) [Galvani, an Italian physician]. A prefix denoting connection with chemic or current electricity. G.-caustic Amputation, an amputation in which the soft parts are divided with the galvanic- cautery loop, the bone being sawn through. G.-cau- terization, the application of the galvanic cautery. G.-cautery. See Cautery. G.-contractility, mus- cular contraction produced by the galvanic current. G.-emesis, the production of vomiting by galvanism. G.-faradization, the simultaneous excitation of a nerve or muscle by both a voltaic and a faradic cur- rent. G.-hypnotism, a hypnotic state induced by an electric current. G.-magnetism, same as Electro- magnetism. G.-puncture, the introduction of fine needles, that complete an electric circuit, into the skin or other tissue. Also, a form of galvano-cautery employing a current of the necessary electro-motive force to heat the needles to whiteness. G.-therapeu- tics. See Electro-therapezetics. Galvanometer (gal-van-om/-et-er) [Galvani, an Ital- ian physician; plátpov, a measure]. An instrument used for the qualitative determination of the presence of an electric current. - Galvanoscope (gal-van/-o-sååp) [Galvani, an Italian physician; orcoreiv, to view.J. An instrument for de- tecting the direction and presence of a galvanic cur- rent. Galvanoscopy (gal-van-osſ-ko-pe) [Galvani, an Italian physician; okotreiv, to examine]. The use of the galvanoscope. Galvanotonus (gal-van-of/-on-us) [Galvani, an Italian physician; Tóvog, tension]. I. Same as Electrotomus. 2. The “closing tetanus.” The continued tetanus of a muscle between the make and break contraction. Galvanotropism (gal-van-of/-ro-pizm) [after Galvani; tpéretv, to turn round]. In biology, the turning movements of growing organs under the influence of a current of electricity. Gambir, Gambier (gam-ber') [Malayan]. A kind of catechu produced from the leaves and shoots of On- caria gambir, a rubiaceous plant of the Malayan region. It has the general properties of official cate- chu. See also Pigments, Conspectus of Unof. Gamboge (gam-bozh/). See Cambogia and Pigments. Game Leg (gåm/ %. A popular term for a lame leg. Gamenomania (gam-en-o-ma/-ne-ah). See Gamoma- 722(2. Gametangium (gam-et-an/-je-um) [yapuśrm, wife; äyyelov, a vessell. In biology, a cell or organ produc- ing or containing sexual elements, or gametes. Gamete (gam/-êt) [yapuśtv, to marry]. In biology, any sexual reproductive body. Gametophyte (gama/-et-o-fit) [yauêrm, a wife, yauátmg, a husband ; ºvtóv, a plant]. In biology, the sexual form of such plants as exhibit alternate generation. 501 GANGLION Gamgee Tissue (gam/-ge). Absorbent cotton-wool. Gamic (gam/-ä) [yāuoc, marriage]. In biology, sexual. Gammacism (gam/-as-izm) [gammacismus; Ydulla, the letter G]. Difficulty in pronouncing any guttural consonant; guttural stammering. Gamogastrous (gami-o-gas/-trus) [yáuoc, marriage ; yaotăp, the womb). In biology, applied to a com- pound pistil in which the ovaries only are united. Gamogenesis (gam-o-jen/-es-is) [yāſtoc, marriage; yévectſ, origin]. Sexual reproduction. Gamogenetic (gam-o-jen-et/-ä) [yāuoc, marriage; yévegaç, origin]. Relating to gamogenesis. Gamomania (gam-o-ma/-ne-a/.) [yāţioc, marriage; gavía, mania]. Insane desire of marriage. Gamomorphism {{...". -ſizm) [yáplog, marriage; Hoppſ, form]. Puberty; sexual maturity. Gamopetalous (gam-o-pet/-al-us) [yāuoc, marriage; trétažov, a leaf J. In biology, sympetalous; having the petals more or less united. Gamophyllous (gam-o:/i/-us) [yápoc, marriage; pü%Wov, a leaf J. In biology, symphyllous; having the floral envelops united into a single perianth-whorl. Gangliac, Ganglial, Gangliar (gang/-gle-aft, gang/-le- al, gang/-le-ar). , Same as Gang/ionic. Gangliastbenia (gang/-gle-as-the-ne-ah) [yáyyżtov, ganglion ; &offéveta, weakness]. Ganglionic asthenia; neurasthenia due to defect of ganglionic function. Gangliform (gang/-gliform) [yayyºtov, ganglion; forma, form]. Formed like, or having the nature of, a ganglion. Gangliitis (gang-gle-i/-tis) [yāyyżtov, a ganglion ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion. Gangliocytin (gang-gle-o-si'-tin) [yáyyżtov, nucleus; körog, cell]. Same as Cytophosphatid. Ganglioma (gang-gle-o/-mah) [yāyyºtov, ganglion; ôua, a tumor; pl., Gangliomata]. A tumor or enlarge- ment of a lymphatic ganglion. Ganglion (gang/-gle-on) [yáyy?tov, a knot; pl. , Gang- lia]. I. A separate and semi-independent nervous center communicating with other ganglia or nerves, with the central nervous system, and peripheral organs. 2. An enlarged bursa in connection with a tendon. 3. A lymphatic gland. G.-capsule, the envelop of a ganglion containing the ganglion-cells or nerve-cells. G.-cell, any one of the nerve-cells characteristic of V 7 a. MULTIPOLAR GANGLION-CELL. a. Axis-cylinder process. 6. Pigment. the ganglia, whether found in a ganglion or not. G.- corpuscle, a ganglion-cell. G.-globule, a ganglion- GANGLIA 502 cell. An alphabetic table of the principal ganglia is appended, showing their location, roots, and distribu- tion, Ganglia, Basal, the ganglia at the base of GANGLIA the brain, comprising the corpora striata (caudate and lenticular nuclei), thalami, and corpora quadri- gemina. TABLE OF GANGLIA. NAME. LOCATION. ROOTS. DISTRIBUTION. Abdominal, maximum. See Semilunar. Acoustic. In grasshoppers, the termination of Ganglionic chain. Organ of hearing. the acoustic nerve. Andersch's. See Petrozas. Anterior (of thalamus). The anterior tubercle of the thala- IIllus. Arnold's. See Otic. Auerbach's. Several minute ganglia situated in Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Auerbach's plexus, q.v. Auricular. See Otic. Auricular, posterior. See Temporal. Auriculo-ventricular. See Bidder's. Azygous. See Impar. Basal. At base of cerebrum; they include: corpora striata, thalami, corpora geniculata, corpora quadrigemina, locus niger, nuclei tegmenti. Basal optic. See Optic, basal. Bezold's (Von). In the auricular septum of the frog’s Sympathetic. Heart. heart. Bidder's (2). In the auricular septum of the frog's heart. Termination of the cardiac branches of the vagus. Heart. Bochdalek’s. Above the root of one of the upper incisor teeth, at the point of commu- nication between the posterior nasal branch of Meckel's ganglion and the anterior dental nerve. Branchial. In Mollusca, near the branchia. Dental nerves. Dental nerves. Buccal. In Mollusca, at the point of union of the esophagus with the buccal mass. Ganglionic chain. Branchia. Cardiac, lesser. See Cardiac, superior. Cerebral ganglia. Nerves to the mouth and alimentary canal. Cardiac, superior (Wris- berg). Beneath the arch of the aorta. Carotid. In the lower part of the cavernous sinus, beneath the carotid artery. ' Superficial cardiac plexus. Cardiac plexus. Carotid, inferior. Lower portion of the carotid canal. Filaments from the carotid plexus. Carotid plexus. Carotid plexus. Filaments to the carotid artery. Carotid, internal. See Carotid, superior. Carotid, superior. Casserian. Upper portion of the carotid canal. Carotid plexus. Fil a men ts to the carotid artery. Celiac, lateral. See Gasserian. Celiac, left. Near the spleen. Splenic plexus. Fil a ments to the spleen. - Celiac, middle. The left semilunar ganglion (q.v.). In front of the aorta above the celiac a X1S. Hepatic plexus. Filaments to the liver. Celiac, right. The right semilunar ganglion (q.v.). Cephalic. Sympathetic ganglia of the head. They include the ciliary, spheno-palatine, otic, and submaxillary. Cerebral. In Mollusca, above the esophagus. To the head. Ganglionic chain. GANGLIA 503 GANGLIA TABLE OF GANGLIA.—Continued. NAME. LOCATION. ROOTS. DISTRIBUTION. Cerebral, anterior. A name for the corpus striatum. Cervical, first. See Cervical, superior. Cervical, great. See Cervical, superior. Cervical, inferior. Between the neck of the first rib, and the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra. Three lower cervical, first dorsal. Cardiac nerves and plexus, etc. Cervical, lower. See Cervical, inferior. Cervical, middle or thy- roid. Opposite the fifth cervical vertebra; near the inferior thyroid artery. Fifth and sixth cervical nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia. Thyroid gland, cardiac nerve, cave r n o us plexus. Cervical, oval. See Cervical, superior. Cervical (of vagus nerve). See Inferior (of vagus). Cervical, second. See Cervical, middle. Cervical, stellate. See Cervical, middle. Cervical, superior. Opposite the second and third cervical Vertebrae. Four upper cervical, petrosal, vagus, glosso-pharyngeal, and hypoglos- sal nerves. Superior, inferior, ex- tern a 1, in tern a 1 branches; carotid and cavernous plexuses. Cervical, third. See Cervical, inferior. Cervical, upper. See Cervical, superior. Cervical (of uterus). Near the cervix uteri. Filaments from the hypogastric plexus, Sacral ganglia, and Sacral nerves. Uterine nerves. Of the chorda tympani. In Invertebrata, above the Glaserian fissure. Chorda tympani nerve. Chorda tympani. Ciliary. Sée Ophthalmic. Of the circumflex nerve. On the branch of the circumflex nerve. Circumflex nerve. Filaments, to teres minor, deltoid, and fascia. Incisor foramen. Naso-palatine nerves. Of Cloquet. Naso-palatine nerves. Coccygeal. See Impar. Cochlear. See Spiral. Corti’s. See Spiral. Cranio-cervical. See Cervical, superior. Diaphragmatic. See Phrenic. Ehrenritter’s. See Jugular. Extraventricular. A name for the lenticular nucleus. Facial. See Geniculate. Of Frankenhäuser. See Cervical, uterine. Pharyngeal nerve. Frontal. In Invertebrata, the ganglion from Ganglionic chain. which arises the pharyngeal nerve. Fusiform. See Cervical, superior. Gasser's (A. P.). See Gasserian. *- Gasserian, or semilunar. Fossa on the anterior part of the petrosa, near the apex. Fifth cranial nerve, carotid plexus. Ophthalmic, superior and inferior maxillary nerves, Geniculate. Aqueduct of Fallopius. Hºse and small superficial petro- || Facial. Sal. Great. See Cardiac, superior. Of the habenula. A ganglion situated in the trigonum habenulae near the thalamus. Hepatic. Around the hepatic artery. Hepatic branches of the semilunar || Liver. ganglion. GANGLIA 504 GANGLIA TABLE OF GANGLIA.—Contenteed. NAME. LOCATION. ROOTS. DISTRIBUTION. Hirschfeld’s. A name for the hippocampal gyrus. Hypogastric. See Cervical (of uterus). Impar, or Coccygeal. Anterior surface of the tip of the coc- | Sympathetic. Sympathetic. cyx, uniting the two sympathetic Tler Wes. - Inferior (of vagus). Near jugular foramen. Hypoglossal and cervical nerves | Vagus. - and various plexuses. - Infra-esophageal. In Mollusca, beneath the esophagus. | Ganglionic chain. Foot. Inframaxillary, anterior. Near the incisor teeth. Inferior maxillary nerve. Filaments to the teeth. Inframaxillary, posterior. Near the last molar tooth. Inferior maxillary nerve. Filaments to the teeth. Intercarotid. | Bifurcation of the common carotid. Carotid plexus. Sympathetic. Interoptic. The gray matter of the interoptic lobes. Interosseous. Back of the wrist Interosseous nerve. - Nerves to the carpus. Intervertebral. Near the intervertebral foramen. Spinal cord. Dorsal root of spinal nerve. - Jugular (Ehrenritter's). Upper part of the jugular foramen. Glossopharyngeal. Continuation of the glossopharyngeal. Jugular (of vagus). Jugular foramen. Vagus. Vagus. Lateral (several in num- ber). Surrounding the subclavian artery. Branches of the inferior cervical ganglion. Subclavian artery. Lenticular. See Ophthalmic. Lingual. See Submarillary. Ludwig’s. Right auricle of the heart. Cardiac plexus. Cardiac plexus. Lumbar (4 or 5). On each side and behind the abdom- Sympathetic. Sympathetic. inal aorta. Maxillo-tympanic. See Otic. Meckel’s. See Spheno-palatine. Meckelian. See Spheno-palatine. Meissner’s. Intestinal sub-mucosa. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Mesenteric, inferior. The inferior mesenteric artery. Mesenteric, lateral. Left side of the body. Inferior mesenteric plexus. Mesentery and intes- tine. Mesenteric, superior. Near the origin of the superior mes- enteric artery. Superior mesenteric plexus. Mesentery and bowel. Superior mesenteric plexus. Sympathetic. Of Meynert. See Optic, basal. Müller’s. See Jugular and Prostatic. Nasal. See Meckel’s. Nephro-aortic. See Rezzal. Nephro-lumbar. Junction of the branches of the lum- bar and spermatic nerves. Lumbar and spermatic nerves. Kidney and lumbar re- g1Oll. Ophthalmic. Posterior part of the orbit. Nasal branch of the ophthalmic third, cavernous plexus, an Meckel’s ganglion. Short ciliary. Optic. See Ophthalmic. Optic, basal (of Meynert). Beneath the third ventricle, near the optic tract. Gray matter of the cerebrum. Optic tract. Optic, inferior. See Optic, basal. Orbital. See Ophthalmic. Otic (Arnold's). Below the foramen ovale. Inferior maxillary, auriculo-tempor- al, glosso-pharyngeal, facial, sym- pathetic, and internal pterygoid. Tensor tympani, ten- sor palati, chorda: tympani. GANGLIA 505 GANGLIA TABLE OF GANGLIA.—Continued. NAME. H.OCATION. ROOTS. DISTRIBUTION. Pedal. See Infra-esophageal. Petrosal. See Petrozzs. Petrous (Andersch's). Petrous portion of the temporal bone, lower border. Glosso-pharyngeal. Tympanic, sympathet- ic, and vagus. Pharyngeal. Near ascending pharyngeal artery. Carotid plexus. Carotid plexus. Pharyngeal, soft. On the lingual artery, near the Carotid plexus. Lin xual plexus. pharyngeal ganglion. Phrenic. Under the diaphragm at the junction To the diaphragm, in- of the right phrenic nerve and phrenic plexus. Sympathetic. ferior vena cava, su- pra-renal capsule, hepatic plexus. Phrenic, major. Point of union of the phrenic nerves with the spinal and sympathetic sys- tem.S. Phrenic, spinal, and sympathetic. Filaments to the dia- phragm. Phrenic, secondary. Near the diaphragm. Anterior, superior, transverse Eilaments to the dia- plexus. phragm. Phrenico-hepatic. Lower surface of the diaphragm. The phrenic plexus. F.ań ºlia. Plexiform. See Gasserian. Pneumogastric. See Vagus. Of the portio dura. See Geniculate. Post-esophageal. In insects, around the gullet. Cephalic ganglia. Nerves to the mouth. Postoptic. See Optic, basal. . Pre-esophageal. See Cephalic. Prostatic (of Müller). Qn the prostate. Prostatic plexus. Filaments to seminal vesicles and caver- nous tissue of penis. Pterygo-palatine. See Meckel’s. Remak's. Tissue of the heart, near the superior Sympathetic. Sympathetic. vena cava. Renal. Around the renal artery. Renal plexus. Renal artery. Renal, anterior communi- || In front of the renal artery. Renal plexus. Kidney. cating. Renal, left aortic. Point of origin of the renal artery. Renal plexus. Kidney. Renal, posterior communi- || Behind the renal artery. Renal plexus. Kidney. cating. Reticulate. Medulla oblongata. The gray matter scattered through the medulla. Rhinic. See Meckel's. Of Ribes. Anterior communicating artery of the Branches from the two superior | Sympathetic. brain. (It is the upper termination ganglia. of the sympathetic.) Sacral (4 or 5). Ventral surface of the sacrum. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Sacral, accessory (4). Along the middle sacral artery. Sympathetic. Middle sacral artery. Scarpa's. Near the internal auditory meatus, at Facial and auditory nerves. Internal éar. the point of junction of the facial nerve and the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve. Schacher’s, See Ophthalmic. Schmiedel's. In the carotid plexus. Fifth nerve, third branch. Sympathetic. Semilunar (2, right and left). Near the supra-renal bodies, in front of the crura of the diaphragm. Solar plexus and great splanchnic In eIVeS. Solar plexus. Semilunar. See Gasseriazz. Solar. See Semilunar. GANGLIA 506 GANGLIA TABLE OF GANGLIA.—Continued. NAME. LOCATION. ROOTS. DISTRIBUTION. Spermatic, inferior. On the spermatic artery, near the Sympathetic, Cord and testicle. internal abdominal ring. Spermatic, superior. Around the spermatic artery. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Spermatico-renal. In a plexus formed by the inferior branches of the renal plexus. Renal plexus. Spºle artery and idney. Sphenoid. See Meckel’s. Spheno-palatine (Meck- el’s). Spheno-maxillary fossa, near the spheno-palatine foramen. Superior maxillary, facial, sympa- thetic. Anterior, posterior,and external palatine, na- SO-palatine, superior nasal, Vidian, pharyn- geal. Spinal. See Intervertebral. Spiral. Spiral canal of the modiolus. Cochlear nerve. Filaments to the os- seous lamina and to the organ of Corti. Splanchnic. See Semilunar. Stellate. The first thoracic (g, v.). Stomato-gastric. In Mollusca, the upper surface of Sympathetic. Sympathetic. the stomach. Sub-esophageal. See Infra-esophageal. Sub-intestinal. See Meissner's. Sublingual. See Submarillary. Submandibular. See Submarillary. Submaxillary. Above the submaxillary gland. Gustatory, chorda tympani, sub- Mouth, submaxillary maxillary, sympathetic. land, and Wharton's uct. Superior. See Jugular. Superior (of Vagus). Jugular foramen. Superior cervical and petrous gan- Vagus. glia, and spinal accessory. Supra-esophageal. In Mollusca, above the esophagus. Ganglionic chain. Esophagus. Supra-maxillary. Above the canine tooth. Anterior superior dental nerve. Anterior superior den- tal nerve. Supra-renal. Junction of the great splanchnic Inerves. Solar plexus. Supra-renal plexus. Temporal. External carotid artery, near the parotid gland. Superior cervical ganglion and carotid plexus. Temporal region. Thoracic (12). Between the transverse processes of º vertebrae and the heads of the IIDS. Sympathetic. Spººls nerves and ranches to , s p in a 1 nerves and plexuses Thyroid, inferior. See Cervical, middle. Thyroid, superior. See Cervical, superior. Transverse. See Semilunar. Tympanic. Canal between the lower surface of Tympanic branch of the glosso- | Tympanum. the petrosa and the tympanum. pharyngeal. Vagus: (1) of the root, see | Below the jugular foramen. Vagus. Vagus. Jugular; (2) of the trunk (Vagus). Valentin’s. Above the root of the second bicuspid, Posterior and middle dental nerves. | Filaments to the teeth. at the junction of the middle and posterior dental nerves. Ventricular. See Bidder's. Vertebral. See Cervical, inferior. Vesico-vaginal. Ventral wall of the vagina. Vesico-vaginal plexus. Sympathetic. Vestibular. Aqueduct of Fallopius. Geniculate ganglion. Vestibular nerve. Walter’s. See Impar. Of Wrisberg. See Cardiac. GANGLIONIC Ganglionic (gang-gle-on/-i}) [yáyyºtov, a ganglion]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a ganglion. G. Centers, masses of gray matter of the brain lying be- tween the floor of the lateral ventricles and the decus- sation of the anterior pyramids of the cord. They include the optic thalami, corpora striata, and others. Ganglionitis (gang-gle-on-i/-tis). See Gangliitis. Gangliopathy (gang-gle-op/-ath-e) [Yáyyºtov, a gan- glion; tráffog, disease]. Any disorder dependent upon a diseased condition of a ganglion; any diseased state of a ganglion. Gangraena (gang-greſ-mah) [L. J. Gangrene. G. contagiosa. See Gangrene, Æospital. G. noso- comialis. See Gangrene, Æospital. G. oris. See Stomatitis. - Gangraenosis (gang-gre-mo/-sis). See Gangrenosis. Gangrene (gang/-gren).[Yáyypatva, a sore, from Ypatv- elv, to gnaw]. Mortification or death of a part of the body from failure in nutrition. The putrefactive fer- mentation of a dead limb or tissue. G., Circular, a form of mortification occurring usually on some part of the lower extremity, and not exceeding in size a silver half-dollar. It involves the skin and subcuta- neous tissues and is accompanied by signs of exhaustion. G., Constitutional, that dependent upon systemic disease, such as diabetes, or circulatory dis- ease. G., Diabetic. See Sphaceloderma. G., Dry, shriveling and desiccation from insufficiency of blood. G., Embolic, that caused by an embolus that cuts off the supply of blood. G., Hospital, a contagious form arising under crowded conditions without antiseptic pre- cautions. G., Moist, a form with abundance of serous exudation and rapid decomposition. G., Nosocomial, hospital gangrene. G., Primary, that without preceding inflammation of the part. G., Pulpy. See G., Hos- pital. G., Secondary, a form with preceding inflamma- tion. G., Senile, that attacking the extremities of the , aged. G., Symmetric, that attacking corresponding parts of opposite sides. It is called, also, Raynaud’s G. See, also, Sphaceloderma. G., White, a moist gangrene of chronic form, in which there is a serous exudate with lymphatic obstruction, followed by com- plete anemia. It is unaccompanied by the characteristic color-change of other varieties of gangrene. Gangrenopsis (gang-gren-op/-sis) [Yáyypatva, gan- grene; 61big, the face]. Synonym of Cancrum oris. Gangrenosis (gang-gren-o’-sis) [Yáyypatva, gangrene; vóoog, disease]. The condition of being or of becom- ing mortified or gangrenous. Gangrenous (gang’-gren-us) [yāyypatva, gangrene]. Pertaining to or being of the nature of gangrene. G. Emphysema. See Edema, Malignant. Ganja (gan/-jah) [Hind.]. Synonym of Cannabis in- dica. Gannal's Solution. A preservative fluid containing one part of aluminum acetate in 20 parts of water. Ganoin (gan/-o-in) [yāvoc, brightness]. In biology, the dense enamel-like form of bone of the plates of a ganoid fish. Gant's Line. See Lines, Table of Gantelet (gant'-let). See Gauntlet. Gape (gap, or gāº) [ME., gapen, to yawn]. To yawn; the act of yawning. Gapes (gaps) [ME., gapen, to gape]. A disease of young fowls, caused by the presence of a nematode worm, Syngamus trachealis, in the trachea. See Parasites, (Animal) Table of Gaping (gaſ/-ing). See Pandiculation and Yawning. Gaps, Cranial (gapz) [ME., gapen, to gape]. Certain occasional congenital fissures of the skull. Garancin (gar-an/-sin) [origin unknown]. The product obtained by the action of concentrated H2SO, on pul- 507 GAS verized madder, at a temperature of IOO°C. (212°F.). It is a valuable dye. See Pigments Conspectus of Garbage (gar/-báſ) [ME., garbage, the entrails of fowls]. The refuse materials of kitchen-cookery, etc. G. and Waste. See Sewage, Disposal of G.-cart, Flannagan Automatic, a variety of cart much used for the collection of garbage. G.-furnace, a fur- nace in use in cities and towns to consume the waste material of the place. Garbling (gar/-bling) [OF., garbeler, to sift]. The assorting of a drug and its separation into grades of different quality. Garcinia (gar-sin/-e-ah) [after Laurent Garcin, a French botanist]. A genus of guttiferous trees of Old-world tropical regions. G. hanburii, G. morella, G. pic- toria, and G. travancorica afford gamboge. G. mangostana yields the palatable fruit called mango- Steen. Garden Rocket. See Eruca sativa. Garel, Sign of. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of. Gargarism (gar/-gar-izm).[Yapyapíčelv, to gargle: pl. , Gargarismata]. A gargle. { Garget (gar/-get) [ME., gargat, the throat]. I. A swelling of the throat in swine or cattle. 2. A hard, knotty condition of the udder in cows, that sometimes follows calving, due to the sudden distention of the bag with milk; it is attended with inflammation. At times it is tuberculous in nature. It is also called “ Weed” and Mammaitis. G.-root, a name improp- erly given to the root of Phytolacca decandra (see Phytolacca); so called because it is regarded as a cure for garget in cows. Gargle (gar/-gl) [Fr., gargouille, the throat]. To rinse or wash the interior of the throat and upper part of the pharynx. Also, a wash for the throat. Gargling (gar'-gling) [Fr., gargouille, the throat]. Rinsing the throat. G., von Troltsch’s Method of, the patient takes a mouthful of fluid, throws back the head, and then, instead of making the customary “gurgle,” allows the liquid to pass as far down as possible. The act of deglutition is then performed, without, however, letting the fluid be swallowed. Garland (gar'-land). See Aaryokinesis. Garlic (gar/-lić). See Allium. Garnet-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of Garretson’s Bandage. See Bandage. Garrod's Theory. The theory that gout is due to an increase in the uric acid in the blood, either from in- creased production or diminished elimination. The alkalinity of the blood is also lessened; hence the urates are deposited in the tissues. G.'s Test. See Tests, Table of Garrot (gar'-ot) [Fr., garotter, to bind]. An instru- ment for compression of an artery by twisting a cir- cular bandage about the part. Garroting (gar/-of-ing) [Sp., garrote, strangulation by means of an iron collar]. In forensic medicine, a term used in England to signify the forcible com- pression of a victim’s neck by robbers or criminals. Garrulity (gar-oo’-lit-e) [garrire, to prattle]. Talka- tiveness. G. of the Vulva. See Vizſºya. Garrya (gar/-e-ah) [after Garry, a botanist]. Cali- fornia fever-bush; skunk-bush, or quinin-bush. The leaves of G. fremontii, a bitter antiperiodic, popular on the Pacific coast as a remedy for malarial diseases. Dose of the fld. ext. muz—xxx. Unof. Garryin (gar/-e-in) [Garry, a botanist]. An alkaloid said to exist in the leaves of Garrya fremontii. Gärtner, Canals or Ducts of. See Cana/. Gas (gaz). Any substance that is normally ačriform. Substances normally in a liquid or solid state are usually called vapors when changed to the aëriform GASKELL’S CLAMP condition. G.-black. See Pigments, Conspectus of G., Nitrous Oxid. See AVitrous Oxia. Gaskell's Clamp. See Clamp. Gasolene (gas/-o-len) [gas]. Canadol. A product ob- tained from petroleum, boiling at 70° to 90°C; speci- fic gravity, .660 to .690, or 80° to 75° B. It is used in the extraction of oils from oil-seeds and in car- buretting coal-gas. Gasp [ME., gaspen, to yawn]. To catch for breath. To breathe spasmodically with open mouth. Gasser's Arteries. See Arteries, Table of. G.'s Gang- lion. See Ganglia, Zable of. G., Nerve of. See AWerves, Table of. Gasserian Arteries. See Arteries, Table of G. Gang- lion. See Ganglia, Table of Gaster (gas/-ter) [yaothp, stomach]. The stomach; the abdomen. G. basalis, the apical canal, pedun- cle-tube, or tubus capularis of hydroid polyps. G. buccalis, the esophagus of Medusae. G. centralis, the central cavity of Medusae. G. coronaris, the perogaster of Medusae. G. principales. See Axo- gaster. Gasterangiemphraxis (gas-ter-am-je-em-fraks/-is) [yao Tàp, stomach; ayyelov, vessel ; Śpiſºpačug, obstruc- tion]. I. Congestion of the stomachic blood-vessels. 2. Pyloric obstruction. Gasterasthenia(gas-ter-as-the-ne-ah)[yaathp, stomach; ãofféveta, weakness]. Weakness or debility of the stomach. Gasterataxia (gas-fer-at-aßs/-e-ah) [yaothp, stomach; âtašía, disorder]. Disordered state of the functions of the stomach ; that state of the stomach-walls in which some parts are hardened or thickened, while others are softened or inflamed. Gasterechema (gas-fer-ek-e'-mah) [Yaotáp, stomach; #xmua, Sound]. A sound heard in the auscultation of the stomach. Gasterectasis (gas-ter-ek'-tas-is) [yao Tàp, stomach; £kTaoug, dilatation]. Dilatation of the stomach; it is usually due to pyloric obstruction, but may also result from muscular weakness, and from over-distention from excessive eating and drinking. Gastero- (gas/-ter-o-) [yaathp, belly]. See Gastro-. Gasterotheca (gas-fer-o-theſ-Kah) [yaotáp, stomach; 6%km, case: pl. , Gasterothecae]. In biology, the part of the pupa or chrysalis-case that covers the abdomen. Gasterozoöid, Gastrozoöid (gas-fer-o-zo/-oid, gas-tro- 20/ º [yaothp, stomach; CŞov, animal; eiðoç, form]. In biology, one of the nutritive zoöids of a polyp- colony. Gastraea (gas-tre/-ah) [yaathp, stomach; pl., Gastrade]. In biology, Haeckel’s term for a hypothetic, primeval, two-layered, saccular organism; the supposed ancestral type of the gastrula stage of the present Metazoan. Gastraemia (gas-tre/-me-ah). See Gastremia. Gastral (gas/-tral) [yao Tàp, the stomach]. Pertaining to the gaster or stomach ; gastric. Gastralgia, Gastralgy (gas-tra/-je-ah, fe) [Yaothp, stomach; &Ayoc, pain]. Pain in the stomach. A mild form is sometimes called gastrodynia. Gastread (gas/-tre-ad) [yaotáp, stomach]. In biology, an animal the morphologic development of which stops at the gastrula stage. Gastrectasia (gas-trek-ta/-ze-ah). See Gastrectasis. Gastrectasis (gas-tre/-tas-is) [Yaothp, stomach ; Škragug, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the stomach. Gastrectomy (gas-trek’-(o-me) [Yaothp, stomach ; £ktoum, a cutting out]. Resection of any diseased part of the stomach. Gastrelcobrosis (gas-trel-Áo-bro/-sis) [yaothp, stomach; 8%koç, ulcer; 6póoug, an eating]. Ulceration of the stomach. 508 GASTROCEPHALITIS Gastrelcosis (gas-trel-ko/-sis) [yaoráp, stomach; ëAkwoºg, ulceration]. Ulceration of the stomach. Gastremia (gas-tre/-me-ah) [Yaothp, stomach; alua, blood]. Congestion of the coats of the stomach. Gastrenteralgia (gas-tren-ter-a/-je-ah) [yaothp, stom- ach; Śvrepov, intestine; &Ayoc, pain]. Neuralgia of the stomach and bowels. Gastrenteromalacia (gas-tren - ter-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [yaothp, stomach; Śvrepov, intestine; uažakia, soften- ing]. Softening of the stomach and intestines (as- serted by some to be merely a post-mortem condi- tion). Gastreum (gas/-tre-um) [yaorhp, stomach]. ogy, the under or ventral surface of a bird. Gastric (gas/-trik) [yaothp, stomach]. Pertaining to the stomach. G. Artery. See Arteries, Table of G. Crisis, a severe, paroxysmal attack of pain in the stomach, accompanied by obstinate vomiting, faintness, and occasionally by slowness and irregularity of the pulse. These crises are met with in locomotor ataxia, q. z. G. Digestion, that part of the digestion of food performed by the gastric juice; the conversion of albu- minous bodies into peptones. G. Fever. See Fever. G. Fistula, a perforation or communication other than the normal one between the stomach and peri- toneal cavity, or with the outer part of the body. G. Follicles. See G/&nds, Peptic. G. Insufficiency, a term applied to the early stages of dilatation of the stomach. G. Juice, the normal secretion of the tubu- lar, peptic glands of the stomach. It is a clear, colorless liquid, having an acid reaction, and containing from .5 to 2 per cent. of solid matter in solution. A small amount of hydrochloric acid, .2 to .4 per cent., and a ferment called pepsin, are the essential elements. G. Plexus, a subdivision of the solar plexus distributed to the stomach. It joins branches of the left preumogastric nerve. See Plexus. G. Veins, two veins of the stomach; the lesser one is called the pyloric, the greater the coronary. See Vein. - Gastricism (gas/-tris-àzm) [yaothp, stomach]. I. The theory that ascribes most diseases to some gastric de- rangement. 2. A gastric disorder. Gastrimargia, or Gastrimargism (gas-trim-ar/je-ah, In biol- or jizm) [yaotáp, belly; uápyog, greedy]. Insane or furious gluttony. Gastritic (gas-trit/-īk) [yagrhp, stomach]. Pertaining to or affected with gastritis. Gastritis (gas-tri/-täs) [yao.Th9, stomach; tıç, inflam- mation]." Inflammation of the coats of the stomach. It may be acute or chronic. G. polyposa, that form associated with a rough, wrinkled, mammillated condition of the gastric mucous membrane. Gastro- (gas/-tro-) [yaothp, stomach]: A prefix de- noting some relation with or complication of the stomach. - Gastro-adenitis (gas/-tro-ad-en-i’-(is) [Yaoråp, stom- ach; ā6%v, gland; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glands of the stomach. Gastro-arthritis (gas-tro-ar-thri/-täs)[yao tºp, stomach; āpôpov, a joint; trug, inflammation]. Gout in the stomach and joints at the same time. Gastrobrosis (gas-tro-bro/-sis) [Yaothp, stomach; 3pó- ouc, a gnawing]. Perforating ulcer of the stomach. Gastrocele (gas/-tro-sel) [yao Tàp, stomach; K#27, her- nia]. A hernia of the stomach. Gastrocelus (gas-tro-se/-/us) [Yaothp, stomach; Kolhoç, hollow]. In biology, applied to one of the depres- sions at the base of the second abdominal tergita in certain insects. - Gastrocephalitis (gas-tro-seſ-a/-ä'-ti)[Yagthp, stomach; kepaſaſ, head; trug, inflammation]. Concurrent in- flammation of the stomach and of the brain. GASTROCHOLIA Gastrocholia (gas-tro-ko'-le-ah) [yaothp, stomach; 2.6%m, bile]. Concurrent gastric and bilious disorder. Gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne/-me-us) [Yaoråp, stomach; kvåum, leg). See Muscles, Table of Gastrocolic (gas-tro-ko/-ié) [yaothp, stomach; kóżov, the large intestine]. Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon. Gastrocolitis (gas-tro-ko-li/-tts) [yaothp, stomach; kóżov, colon; truç, inflammation]. Concurrent inflam- mation of the stomach and large intestine. Gastrocolotomy (gas-tro-ko-lot/-o-me) [yaathp, stom- ach; ſcóżov, colon; Tôpively, to cut]. The establish- ment of an artificial communication between the stom- ach and the colon. Gastrocolpotomy (gas-tro-kol-pot/-o-me) [Yaothp, stom- ach; ſcó%trog, vagina; Tôplvety, to cut]. The operation of Cesarean section in which the opening is made through the linea alba into the upper part of the vagina. Gastrocystis (gas-tro-sis/-tis) [yaotăp, belly; Küortſ, bladder]. In biology, the single-layered blastodermic vesicle of mammals. Gastroderma (gas-tro-der/-mah) [yaathp, stomach; déppia, skin]. In biology, the lamina gastralis, or intestinal epithelium. Gastrodialysis (gas-tro-di-a/-äs-ás) [Yaotºp, stomach; Wüoug, a loosening]. A solution of continuity in the gastric wall. Gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di/-aſ-àn) [Yaoráp, stomach; 6tá, through ; paivetv, to show]. See Gastrodiaphany. Gastrodiaphanoscopy (gas/-tro-di-aſ-an-osſ-ko-pe) [yaothp, stomach; duá, through; paivetv, to show ; okotreiv, to inspect]. The examination of the stomach by means of the diaphanoscope. Gastrodiaphany(gas-tro-di-af’-an-e)[yaothp, stomach; ôtá, through ; paivetv, to show]. A method of ex- ploration of the stomach by means of the gastrodia- phane. This consists of a soft stomach-tube, at the gastric extremity of which is placed an Edison's hard- glass lamp, from which conducting wires, containing a current-interrupter, run to a portable storage-battery. The stomach should be free from food and moderately distended with water. The gastric extremity of the gastrodiaphane, after being lubricated with oil or gly- cerin, is introduced into that viscus, and the circuit is closed. If no pronounced thickening of the anterior stomach wall exists, trans-illumination in a dark room, with the patient erect, permits the outlines of the stomach to be seen as a zone of reddish hue on the abdominal wall. - Gastrodidymus (gas-fro-did/-im-us) [Yaathp, stomach; Ötövuog, double]. A double monstrosity with one ab- dominal cavity. Gastroduodenal (gas-tro-du-o-deſ-mal) [yao Tàp, stom- ach ; duodeni, twelve each]. Pertaining to the stom- ach and the duodenum. Gastroduodenitis (gas-fro-du-od-en-i/-tis) [yao Tàp, stomach; duodeni, twelve each ; attſ, inflammation]. Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. Gastroduodenostomy (gas/-tro-du-od-en-osſ-to-me) [Yaothp, stomach ; duodeni, twelve each ; otópua, mouth]. A surgical operation upon the stomach and the duodenum, in which a new passage from the one to the other is established. Gastrodynia (gas-tro-dim/-e-ah) [yaothp, stomach; ôöövm, pain]. A mild pain in the stomach. See also Gastralgia. Gastroectasis (gas-tro-ek/-tas-is). tasis. Gastro-electrization (gas-tro-e-le&-triz-a/-shun) [yag- thp, stomach ; #28krpov, amber]. The therapeutic ap- plication of electricity to the stomach. Gastroelytrotomy (gas-tro-el-it-rotº-o-me) Same as Gastrec- [Yaothp, 509 GASTRO-PERICARDITIS stomach; 8%wrpov, a sheath; topiń, a cutting]. A method of performing Cesarean section. An incision is made into the vagina (after the abdominal section), in- stead of into the uterus, and if the child cannot be ex- tracted in this way, an incision is made into the os uteri. Gastroenteralgia (gas-tro-en-ter-a/-je-ah) [yaathp, stomach; £vrepov, bowel ; 3%yoç, pain]. Concurrent pain in the stomach and bowels. Gastroenteric (gas-tro-en-ter/-ić) [yaothp, stomach; ëvrepov, bowell. Pertaining to both stomach and bowels. Gastroenteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-i/-tis) [yaatöp, stom- ach; Śvrepov, bowel; tric, inflammation]. Concurrent inflammation of stomach and bowels. Gastroenterostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-osſ-to-me) [yaothp, stomach; Śvrepov, bowel; otóua, mouth]. Formation of a fistulous communication between the stomach and the Small intestine in obstruction of the pylorus. Gastroenterotomy (gas-tro-en-ter-of/-o-me) [yaothp, stomach; Śvtepov, bowel ; tāplvetv, to cut]. Intestinal incision through the abdominal wall. Gastroepiploic (gas-tro-ep-ip-lo/-ić) [yaothp, stomach; &Tūrāoov, caul]. Pertaining to stomach and omentum. Gastro-esophageal (gas-tro-e-so-ſa/-je-al) [yaatöp, stomach; otoopáyog, the esophagus]. Pertaining to both the stomach and the esophagus. Gastrofaradization (gas/-tro-far-ad-iz-a/-shun) [yaa- thp, stomach; Faraday]. The application of farad- ism to the stomach. Gastrogalvanization (gas/-tro-gal-van - iz -a/-shun) [Yaotáp, stomach; Galvani J. The application of galvanism to the stomach. Gastrohepatic (gas-tro-he-pat'-i}) [yaathp, stomach; #Tap, the liver]. Relating to both stomach and liver. Gastro hysterectomy (gas/-tro-his-ter-eč/-to-me) [Yaothp, the stomach; iotépa, the womb ; Śktopuſ, a cutting out]. The Porro-Cesarean operation. See Operations, Table of Gastrohysterotomy (gas-tro-his-ter-of/-o-me) [yaothp, stomach; botépa, womb; Téplvetv, to cut]. The Cesarean section, g. v. Gastrolith (gas/-tro-lith) [yaothp, stomach; Žiffog, a stone]. A calcareous formation in the stomach; gas- tric calculus; bezoar. Gastrolithiasis (gas-tro-lith-i/-as-is) [yao Tàp, stomach; Atôiaotº, the formation of calculij. A morbid con- dition associated with the formation of gastroliths. Gastrology (gas-tro/-o-je) [Yaotip, stomach; 26 yog, science]. A treatise on the stomach and its functions. Gastromalacia (gas-tro-mal-a/-se-a/) [Yao Tàp, stom- ach ; plažakia, softening]. An abnormal softening of the structural tissue of the stomach; it is generally be- lieved to be due to post-mortem acidity. Gastromelus (gas-from/-el-us) [yaathp, stomach; ué20g, limb]. A monster with accessory limbs attached to the abdomen. Gastromenia (gas-tro-me/-ne-ah)[Yaothp, stomach; uív, month]. Vicarious menstruation by the stomach. Gastrometritis (gas-tro-me-tri’-tis) [Yao Tàp, stomach; AuñTpa, womb ; tıç, inflammation]. Gastritis con- current with metritis. Gastromycetes (gas-tro-mi-se/-fég) [yaatöp, stomach ; Ali Kmg, mushroom]. A group of fungi, the spores of which are enclosed in a cavity or pouch. Gastropancreatic (gas-tro-pan-Åre-at'-ić) [Yaotip, stomach ; Táykpeaç, pancreas]. Both gastric and pancreatic. Gastropathy (gas-trop’-ath-e) [yaothp, stomach; trädog, disease]. Any disease or disorder of the stomach. Gastro-pericarditis (gas-tro-per-ik-ar-di/-tis) [yaathp, stomach ; Trept, around; Kapdia, heart; trug, inflam- mation]. Gastritis concurrent with pericarditis. GASTROPERIODYNIA Gastroperiodynia (gas-tro-per-e-o-din'-e-ah) [yaothp, stomach; Tepiodoc, period; 660Vm, pain]. Periodic gastralgia. Gastrophrenic (gas-tro-fren/-ić) [yaothp, stomach; ©pāv, diaphragm]. Relating to both stomach and dia- phragm. Gastroplegia (gas-tro-ple/-je-ah) [yaothp, stomach; TAmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of the stomach. Gastropore (gas/-tro-por) [yaothp, stomach; trópoc, pore]. In biology, the mouth-opening of a gaster- ozoöid. Gastroptosis (gas-trop-to/-sis) [yaothp, stomach : Trôoug, fall]. A prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach. Gastro-pylorectomy (gas-tro-pî-lor-eń/-to-me) [yaothp, stomach ; Trv%póg, a gate-keeper; Śktopuff, excision]. Surgical excision of the pyloric portion of the stomach. Gastropyra (gas-trop/-ir-ah) [yaothp, stomach ; Trip, fire]. Inflammation or phlegmasia of the stomach. Gastrorrhagia (gas-tror-a/-je-ah) [yaothp, stomach; bmyvival, to break forth]. See Hematemesis. Gastrorrhaphy (gas-tror/-a-ſe) [yaothp, stomach; baph, suture]. Suture of wounds of the abdominal wall or stomach. Gastrorrhea (gas-tror-e'-ah) [Yaothp, stomach; bota, a flow]. Excessive secretion, or regurgitant flow, of gastric mucus or liquid. Gastrorrhexis (gas-tror-eks/-is) [yaathp, stomach; bīšug, a breaking]. Rupture of the stomach. Gastroscope (gas/-tro-sköp) [yaothp, stomach ; okotreiv, to see]. An instrument for viewing the interior of the stomach. It consists essentially of a tube with an in- candescent electric light and reflecting prisms. Gastroscopy (gas-trosſ-Åo-pe) [yao Tºp, stomach; okotreiv, to see]. The inspection of the interior of the stomach by means of the gastroscope. Gastrosis (gas-tro/-sis) [yaothp, stomach; v6oog, dis- ease: ž/., Gastroses]. A general term for any disease of the abdomen or of the stomach only. Gastrosphongioma (gas-tro-sſon-je-o’-wah) [yaotáp, stomach; Gºoyyuá, Sponge ; Śpia, tumor; pl. , Gastro- sphongiomata]. A fungosity of the stomach. Gastrosplenic (gas-tro-splen/-ić) [yaatip, stomach; ot??v, spleen]. Relating both to the stomach and the spleen. Gastrosplenitis (gas-fro-splen-º’-tis) [yaothp, stomach; GTAffv, spleen ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both stomach and spleen. Gastrostege (gas/-tro-stej) [Yao Tſip, stomach, oréym, a roof]. In biology, one of the short, wide, trans- verse scutes or scales that cover the ventral surface of a Snake. - Gastrostenosis (gas-tro-ste-mo/-sis) [yaothp, stomach; a revög, narrow]. A stricture or morbid contraction of the stomach. Gastrostomy (gas-trosſ-to-me) [yaothp, stomach ; otówa, mouth]. The establishing of a fistulous open- ing into the stomach. Gastrosuccorrhea (gas-tro-suk-or-e'-ah) [yaothp, stomach ; succus, juice; bota, a flow]. Reichmann’s disease; hypersecretion of the gastric juice. Gastrothoracic (gas-tro-tho-ra/-sié) [Yaotho, belly ; tºpaš, thorax]. Pertaining both to the abdomen and the thorax. Gastrotome (gas/-tro-tūm) [yao Tàp, stomach; Tou%, a cutting]. A cutting instrument used in gastrotomy. Gastrotomy (gas-trotº-o-me) [Yaothp, stomach; Téuvely, to cut]. Incision of the abdomen or the stomach. Gastrotrichous (gas-trot/-rik-us) [yaothp, stomach; toíž, hair]. In biology, having the ventral surface of the body ciliated. Gastro-typhoid (gas/-tro-fi/-foid) [Yaothp, stomach; 510 GAZEOL Tüſpoc, smoke]. tric symptoms. Gastrovascular (gas-tro-vasſ-Au-lar)[yaothp, stomach; vasculum, a little vessel]. Common to the functions of digestion and circulation, as the body-cavity of Some animals. Gastroxia (gas-tro/s/-e-ah) [Yaothp, stomach; 6;ic, acid.]. Abnormal acidity of the contents of the stomach. Gastroxynsis (gas-troks-in/-sis) [yaothp, stomach ; Öğüvetv, to irritate]. Rossbach’s term for hyperchlor- hydria; a periodic form of nervous dyspepsia with hyperacidity of the gastric juice. It is, in fact, a neurosis of secretion that may be quite independent of the time of digestion. It is a rare condition, and is associated either with profound neurasthenia or with locomotor ataxia. It is marked by a gnawing, un- pleasant sensation in the stomach, severe headache, and the vomiting of a clear, watery, intensely acid se- cretion. - Gastrula (gas/-tru-lah) [yaotáp, belly: pl., Gastrulae]. In biology, a stage in the development of Metazoans, in which the germ consists of a two-layered sac, pro- duced by the invagination of the one-layered, hollow germ-sphere, the blastula. Gastrulation (gas-tru-la/-shun) [yaothp, belly]. In biology, the process of formation of the gastrula by the invagination of the blastula. Gastruria (gas-tru/-re-ah) [Yaothp, stomach; oipov, urine]. A supposed passage of urine into the stomach. Gate-vein (gät/-vān). An old name for the portal vein. Gathering | gath/-er-ing) [ME., gadering, a gathering]. A popular name for an abscess, pustular inflammation, or suppurating Sore. Gattine (gat-ên/) [F.]. A disease of the silk-worm. Gaubius’ Table. See Z}ose. . Gaule's Experiment. See Cytozo&n. Gaultheria (gaw/-the’-re-ah) [after Dr. Gaultier, a Canadian physician]. Wintergreen, Teaberry. The leaves of wintergreen, G. procumbens, an evergreen plant, with properties due to a volatile oil, methyl salicylate, which is also found in black birch and several other plants. It is stimulant, astringent, and antipy- retic, and is used in rheumatism and gout, or when salicylic acid is indicated. G., Ol., oil of winter- green, much used as a flavor. Dose, miij—x. G., Spt., oil of wintergreen 5, alcohol 95. Dose, 3 SS—ij. G. fragrans, of India, affords an identical oil. Gaultherilene (gaw!-ther/-il-en) [after Dr. Gaultier, a Canadian physician], Cio Hig. A peculiar hydro- carbon found in the oil of gaultheria. It is a colorless, yellow or reddish liquid, of a peculiar strong and aro- matic odor, a sweetish, warm, and aromatic taste, a Typhoid fever with pronounced gas- slightly acid reaction, and a specific gravity of about I. I8o. It is readily soluble in alcohol. Gaulthier's Reagent. See Tests, Table of Gauntlet (gahnt/-let, orgawnt/-let) [OF., gantelet, dim. of gant, a glove]. A surgical bandage that covers the hand and fingers like a glove. See Bandage. Gauze (gawz). A thin, open-meshed cloth used for surgical dressings. When impregnated with antiseptic solutions or substances it is called antiseptic gauze, or, according to the substance used, it is spoken of as todoform-gauze, sublimate-gauze, etc. See Carðasus. Gavage (gav-ahzh/) [Fr.]. I. The regular feeding of an infant with freshly-drawn mother’s milk, through a small, soft catheter passed into the stomach at each feeding. 2. The administration of liquid nourish- ment through the stomach-tube. * Gavard’s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Gay-Lussac’s Laws. See Law. Gazeol (gaz/-e-o/) [Fr., gazéo/]. A mixture of naph. & GEBER'S GLOMERULES thalin, I part; benzene, IO parts; acetone, Io parts; coal-tar, IOO parts; aqua ammoniae (20 per cent.), IOOO parts; it is recommended as affording a vapor for inhalation in whooping-cough. Geber’s Glomerules. The convolutions of the terminal branches of the nerves supplying the epithelial lining of the mouth. Geddes’ Fluid Extract. See Abies. Geissler Tube. A glass tube designed to show the effects of electric discharges through gases at low pressure. Geissler's Apparatus. An apparatus for estimating the quantity of carbonic acid in a carbonate. Geissospermin, or Geissin (gi-so-sper/-min, or gi/- sin) [yelogov, cornice; otéppa, seed], CigH2:N.O., + H.O. An alkaloid from the bark of Geissospermum lave; it is a depressant of the respiration and of the cardiac action. Geissospermum (gi-so-sper/-mum) [yeidoov, cornice; otéppa, seed]. A genus of apocynaceous trees. G. laeve and G. vellosii, of Brazil, afford Pao-pereira (“pear-tree”) bark, an active febrifuge and astrin- gent. Unof. - Geitonogamy (gi-ton-og/-am-e) [ yetrov, a neighbor; yáuog, marriage]. In biology, fertilization of one flower by pollen from another flower of the same plant. - . Gelasma (jel-az/-mah) [y/Wacua, laughter], or Gelas- mus (jel-az/-mus) [yeſhaotóg, laughable]. Insane or hysteric laughter. Gelatin (jel/-at-in). [gelare, to congeal]. An albumi- noid substance of jelly-like consistence, obtained by boiling skin, connective tissue, and bones of animals in water. The glue of commerce is an impure variety. See Glue. G. Bath. See Bath. G., Blasting. See Blasting Gelatin. G. Capsules, capsules of gelatin designed for containing medicines of nauseating taste. G. Culture-medium, a jelly made by a solution of the best commercial food-gelatin in the proportion of 6, 8, or IO parts to IOO of water, with I or 2 parts of dried peptones or glucose (the latter not to be used if the culture is to be made on slides) for increased nutri- tive value. Bicarbonate of soda is used to neutralize the acid reaction. This, in bacteriology, is simply known as Gelatin. G.-dynamite. See Blasting Gelatin. G., Liquid, a substance for fastening paper to glass, wood, or paper; its formula is:— Gelatin or clear glue, . . . . . . . 75 to IOO grams (33 Commercial ãº. acid (No. 8), . . IOO gº §§ Water, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ioo c.c. (3.4 f 3 95 per cent. Alcohol, . . . . . . . . . . IOOc c. (3.4 f 3 Glycerin, . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 to 30 c.c. (3% to 1 ff) Crush the glue and put it into a bottle with the acid ; set in a warm place and shake occasionally. After three or more days add the other ingredients. G., Medicated, a soft basis consisting of gelatin 3, zinc oxid 3, glycerin 5, water 9 parts, to which antiseptic or other medicaments may be added. It is preferable to greasy ointments. All unof. G. Sugar. See Gºycin. Gelatinigerous (ſel-at-in-ij/-er-us) [gelatina, gelatin; gerere, to bear]. In biology, applied to such organ- isms as Secrete a gelatinous investment. Gelatinoid (je!’-at-in-oid) [gelare, to freeze; eiðoc, likeness]. I. Resembling gelatin. 2. Any member of a class of nitrogenous substances, including chon- drin, collagen, elastin, gelatin, etc. Gelatinous (jel-at'-in-us) [gelare, to freeze]. bling or having the nature of gelatin. See Anima/ 7?ssue. Gelatio (ſel-a/-she-o) [L.J. Synonym of Frostbite. Gelation (jel-a/-shun) [gelatio, a freezing]. I. Freez- ing ; also frost-bite, or chilblain. 2. Catalepsy. Geld [ME., gelden, to castrate]. To castrate. Resem- G. Tissue. 511 GEMINOUS Gelding (ge/-ding) [ME., gelding, a eunuch]. I. Cas- tration. 2. A castrated person or animal. Gelidium (jel-id/-e-um) Igelum, cold]. A genus of seaweed. G. corneum, affords gelosin, and others, as G. spiniform, supply some portion of the agar-agar of commerce. Gelle’s Experiment. A diminution of the bone-con- duction of sound resulting from compression of the air in the external auditory canal. Gellert’s Green. Same as A'zazmeanz’s Greezz. Gelose (jel-02/) [gelare, to freeze]. I. The gelatiniz- ing principle of agar-agar. 2. A culture-medium used in bacteriologic investigation. Gelatin liquefies at 23° or 24° C., and is thus inferior to gelose for those cultures that require a higher degree of heat for their proper development. Agar-agar contains a con- siderable proportion of chemic gelose. Of the agar- agar a jelly is made, 2 to 3 parts (to IOO) of dried pep- tone added; IO to 15 parts of this substance to 50 parts of water, with I to 5 of glycerin, form a nutri- tive jelly which is called ge/ose, from its essential in- gredient. It is also called Paraćin. Gelosin (jel/-o-sin) [gelare, to freeze]. A mucilage resembling gelose, and extracted from some kinds of agar-agar and from various species of algae. It is sol- uble in water and alcohol, and is an excellent excipient for powders, tinctures, and salts, and is serviceable in bacterial cultures. Unof. Gelsemin (jel/-semi-in) [ge/seminum, jasmine]. I. CuPH19NO, a poisonous -alkaloid from Gelsemium, q. v. 2. A precipitate or resinoid from a tincture of the root-bark of Gelsemium sempervirens; it is a febrifuge, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and nar- cotic; dose # to I grain. Unof. Gelseminin (jel-sem/-in-in) [ge/seminum, jasmine]. An alkaloid of Ge/semium. It is an amorphous yel- lowish-white, bitter, very poisonous powder, soluble in ether and chloroform, less so in alcohol and water. Dose gr. Go-3's. Gelsemium (ſe/-se/-me-um) [ge/seminum, jasmine], CuPH16NO2. Yellow Jasmine. The root of G. sem- pervirens, abundant in the southern U. S., with prop- erties mainly due to an alkaloid, ge/semin, a powerful motor depressant, antispasmodic, and diaphoretic. In toxic doses it produces diplopia, extreme muscular weakness, and anesthesia, death occurring from as- phyxia. It is useful in exaltation of nerve-action and in cerebro-spinal meningitis, and is especially valuable in remittent and malarial fevers. Dose gr. ij-xx. G., Ext., Alcoholic (B. P.). Dose gr. 34–34. G., Ext., Fld., alcoholic. Dose mij–xx. G., Tinct., 15 per cent. in strength. Dose mux–3.j. Gelseminin, the alkaloid. Dose gr. Go-ºn. G., Hydrochloras, freely soluble in water. Dose gr. sº-º. G., Hydro- chlorat., Liq., one grain in one dram. Dose muj- iij, hypodermatically. Gely’s Suture. See Suture. Gemellus (fem-e/-us) [dim. of geminus, twin). Double. In pairs. G. Muscle, the gastrocnemius muscle, on account of its double origin. See Muscles, Table of Gemina (fem/-in-ah) [L., twins]. A name for the cor- pora quadrigemina, or optic lobes. They constitute the larger part of the mesocoelian roof. Geminate (fem/-in-āt) [geminus, a twinj. In biology, parts that are disposed in pairs. Geminiflorous (jem-in-if-lo'-rus) [geminus, twin; fios, flower]. In biology, applied to plants that pro- duce flowers in pairs. Geminous (fem/-in-us) [geminus, a twin]. Same as Geminate. G. or Connate Teeth, twin-formation of two teeth from the occurrence of a double dental germ in a single sac, from which are developed two In pairs. GEMMA teeth of the same class, when normally there should be but one. Gemma (fem/-ah) [L., a swelling bud, a germ ; pl., Gemmae]. In biology, one of the various asexual re- productive bud-like processes of cryptogams. Gemmation (fem-a/-shun) [gemmare, to put forth buds]. In biology, asexual reproduction by budding, as distinguished from fission and free-cell formation. Gemmation occurs in certain cryptogams and in the Caelenterata, Polyzoa, and Zhºnicata among animals, in which the bud arises as an evagination of the ecto- derm only. Cf. Idioplasm, Blastemic, and Bud- ding. Gemmipara, Gemmiparae (jem-iº/-ar-ah, -e) [gemma, a bud; parere, to produce]. In biology, organisms that reproduce by budding. Gemmule (ſem/-ūl) [gemmula, a little bud; dim. of gemma, a bud]. In biology, (a) one of the small buds produced by a gemmiparous organism. (5) In Darwin's theory of pangenesis, one of the invisible granules or atoms, being given off continually by all the cells of the body, conveyed into the blood and cir- culated through the body to finally settle down in other cells, especially the germ-cells. Each gemmule is supposed to reproduce the cell from which it is de- rived, and the gemmules of the different cells become active in the same order as that in which the corres- ponding cells followed each other in the ontogeny of the parent. Galton accepted the “gemmule hy- pothesis,” but denied the circulation of the gemmules. Brooks attributes to the male germ-cell a particularly strong power of attraction for the gemmules, so that it collects a special mass of them and stores them up. Cf. Anlage, Biophor, Oeterminant, Zal, Idioplasm, Aereality. Gena (je/-mah) [L., the cheek: pl., Gende]. In biology, applied to a rather poorly defined region on the side of the head of various animals; the cheek. Genal (ſe/-mal) [yévvc, the cheek]. Relating to the gena, or cheek. Genepi |ſen/-eft-e). See Genipi. Genera (fen/-er-ah) [L.]. Plural of Genus, 7.w. General (fen/-er-al) [generalis, of a kind]. Common to a class ; universal. G. Anatomy, histology, es- pecially comparative histology. G. Anemia, oligemia; also, deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood. G. Paralysis, or Paresis. See. Paralysis, General, of the Insane. Generale (ja-me-ra/-e) [Fr. J. Synonym of Ziyāuenza. Generate (fen/-er-āt) [generare, to beget]. To beget; to produce of the same kind. . Generatio aequivoca (fen-er-a/-she-o e-AEwiv/-o-Aah [L. J. See Generation, Æquivocal. Generation (jen-er-a/-shun) [generatio, a begetting]. The begetting or production of offspring. G., Altern- ate, in biology, the alternation of asexual with sexual generation, the offspring of one process differing from that of the other, e.g., the asexual fern and the sexual prothallium, the asexual hydroid-polyp and the sexual medusa. G., Alternations of. See Aſternations of Generation. G., Equivocal, spontaneous generation; birth from parentage of another form ; abiogenesis. G., Fissiparous. See Fission. G., Organs of, those that are functional in reproduction; the genitalia. G., Spontaneous, abiogenesis; the generation of living from non-living matter. Generator (fen/-er-a-tor) [generare, to generate]. One who, or that which, begets or causes. G.-gas, a gas formed from coal, varying in composition according to the kind of coal employed and the manner of work- ing; it is used to gasify coke and for the production of heat and power. 512 GENITALIA Generic (jen-er/-ić) [genus, a kind]. the same genus. Genesial (jen-e/-ze-al) [Yéveog, origin]. Pertaining to generation. G. Cycle, the periods of ovarian, uterine, and mammary activity into which the re- productive life of the female is divided; the first ex- tending from puberty to conception, the second from conception to gestation, and the third from gestation through lactation. - Genesiology (jen-e-ze-o/-o-je) [yévéotc, reproduction; Żóyoc, science]. The science of reproduction. Genesis (fen/-es-is)[yéveolg, production]. The act of be- getting; development; origin; formation; generation. Genetic (jen-et/-īk) [yévegic, generation]. Pertaining to generation, or to anything inherited. G. Affinity, relationship by direct descent. Genetous (fen/-et-us) [yéveog, generation]... Congenital; existing from some point or period in fetal life; as genetous idiocy. Genèvrette (zhen-a-vret/) [Fr.]. A drink made by the fermentation of wild fruits with juniper-berries and wine ; it is popular in parts of Switzerland. ‘. . Genga’s Bandage. See Bandage. Genial (ſe/-ne-al) [gena, chin]. Pertaining to the chin. G. Tubercles, four prominent tubercles on the inter- nal surface of the lower jaw. Genian (ſe/-ne-an) [gena; yévetov, chin]. Pertaining to the chin. Geniculate, Geniculated (jen-i}/-u-lat, -ed.) [genicu- Mare, to bend the knee]. In biology, kneed, or ab- ruptly bent. G. Bodies, the corpora geniculata; two oblong, flattened bodies on the outer side of the cor- pora quadrigemina and under the back part of the optic thalamus. See Geniculum. G. Ganglion. Same as Intumescentia gangliformis. Geniculum (jen-i}/-u-lum) [genu, knee]. One of the two eminences on the latero-caudal aspect of the diencephal; the post-geniculum is mesad and more dis- tinct, and the pre-geniculum, laterad and less distinct. Genio- (ſe/-ne-o-) [yévetov, the chin]. A prefix denot- ing connection with the chin. G.-hyoglossus Mus- cle. See Muscles, Table of G.-hyoid Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Genioplasty (ſe/-ne-o-plas-te) [yévetov, chin; Tāāooetv, to form]. Plastic surgery, or a plastic operation, upon the chin. Genipap (fen/-e-pap) [native Guiana, Genipapo). The agreeable edible fruit of Genipa americana, a rubiaceous tree of tropical America. Cataplasms are made of the unripe fruit. Genipi (fen/-ig-e) [Fr., génépi.]. A green bitter-sweet cordial, or liquor, made from Alpine herbs of the genera Artemisia, Achillea, etc. Genista (jen-is/-tah) [L.]. ... A genus of leguminous plants. G. canariensis, affords some part of the so- called oil of rhodium. G. purgans, of W. Europe, is purgative and emetic. G. tinctoria, dyer's broom, is diuretic and purgative. Unof. Genital (fen/-it-a!) [genitalis, pertaining to genera- tion]. Pertaining to the organs of generation or to re- production. G. Cord, the union of the two ducts of Wolff and of Müller to form a common cord in the embryo. G. Eminence, or Tubercle, an elevation appearing about the sixth week of embryonic life, in front of the cloaca, and from which the penis or clito- ris is developed. G. Fissure, a furrow extending from the genital eminence of the embryo to the cloaca. G. Folds, two plications at the side of the orifice of the cloaca. G. Furrow. Same as G. Fissure. G. Sense, the degree of vigorousness of the development of ovisacs. Genitalia (fen-it-a/-le-ah) [genitalis, pertaining to gen- Pertaining to GENITALIST eration]. The organs of generation. . In the male these consist of two testicles or seminal glands, with their excretory ducts; a musculo-glandular organ, the prostate, which provides a material for the dilution of the semen; an organ of copulation, the penis; and a 2 ExTERNAL GENITALIA of FEMALE. 1. Labia majora of right side. 2. Fourchet. 3. Labia minora. 4. Clitoris. 5. Urethral orifice. 6. Vestibule. 7. Orifice of the vagina. 8. Hymen. 9. Orifice of the vulvo-vaginal gland. Io. Anterior commissure of the labia majora. II. Orifice of the anus. serving for the transit of the generative and urinary secretions. The female genitals include an externa/ part, the vulva, and the vagina, or passage-way leading to the internal organs; the latter include the ovaries, or organs of ovulation, with their ducts or Fallopian tubes, and the uterus, a musculo-mucous sac in which the ovum undergoes development and by which the fetus is ultimately expelled. Genitalist (fen/-it-a/-äst) [genitalis, pertaining to gen- eration]. One who is a specialist in the treatment of diseases and affections of the genital organs. Genito- (fen/-it-o-) [genitus, begotten, from gigmere, to be born). A prefix denoting connection or relation to the genital organs. G.-anal, pertaining to the geni- tals and the anus. G.-crural. See AVerves, Table of G.-enteric, relating to the genitals and to the intes- tine. G.-spinal Center. See Center. G.-urinary, relating to the genitals and the urinary organs. Gennari, Line of. See Zines, Table of Genoblast (fen/-o-blast) [yévoc, sex; 8%aotóg, germ]. I. The nucleus of the impregnated ovum, regarded as bisexual. 2. An ovum or spermatozoid. Genocatachresia (fen-o-Kat-aft-re/-ze-ah) [yévoſ, sex; Karáxpmotº, misapplication]. Perversion of the sexual instinct. Genometabole (jen-o-me-tab/-o-le) [yévoc, sex; plera- 80%, change]. The modification of sexual character that may follow the menopause. Gentele's Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Gentian, or Gentiana (fen/-she-an, or jem-she-a/-mah) [gentiana, gentian]. The root of G. lutea, a Euro- pean, and of G. catesbaci, an American species, a sim- ple, non-astringent bitter. It is highly esteemed as a 513 GENYPLASTY stomachic tonic in convalescence from acute diseases and malarial fever. G.-blue. Same as Spirit-blue. G., Ext. Dose gr. j-v; dose of the British extract gr. ii-x. G., Ext., Fld. Dose 3 ss—j. G., Infu- sum, Comp., unof., gentian Io, bitter-orange peel 2%, coriander 2%, alcohol 40, water to make 32O. Dose 3.j–3.j. G., Mist., Alkalin., unof., dil. hydrocyanic acid muiij, Sodium bicarb. gr. xv, infus. gentian. comp. to make 3.j. Dose 3.j. G. et Sennae, Mist., unof., infus. of Senna 3 iij, comp. tinct. cardamom 3.j, comp. infus. of gentian 3 vſ. Dose 3 x. G., Tinct., Comp., contains gentian Io, bitter-orange peel 4, cardamom I, dil. alcohol to make IOO. Dose 3 ss—ij. Gentiogenin (jen-she-oj/-en-in). See Gentiopicrin. Gentiopicrin (ſen-she-o-pić/-rin) [gentiana, gentian; Tukpóg, bitter], CooligoO12. The principal constituent of Gentian. It is a peculiar, intensely bitter, crystal- line glucosid, forming clear, radiate, or clustered needles, soluble in water and dilute alcohol, insolu- ble in ether. Diluted acids separate it into sugar and gentiogenin, a yellow, bitter, neutral powder. Gentisin (fen/-täs-in) [gentiana, gentian], C14H10O3- A coloring-matter contained in gentian-root; it crys- tallizes in yellow needles. Genu (ſe/-nu) [genu, the knee; pl., Genua). I. The knee. 2. Any bent or knee-shaped structure; as the genze of the corpus callosum, or of the optic tract. G. corporis callosi, the cephalic reflected part of the corpus callosum. G.-cubital, relating to the knee and the elbow; as the Gemucubital Posture, in surgery. See Postures, Zable of G. extrorsum, out-knee; outward bowing of the knee; bow-leg. G. facialis, the curved portion of the bundle of rootlets emerging from the subnuclei of the AVidus facialis, and causing, together with the underlying nidus of the abducens, the Eminentia facialis on the floor of the fourth ven- tricle. G.-pectoral, relating to the knee and the chest. G.-2. Posture, the (so-called) Knee-chest Pos- ture. See Postures, Table of G. recurvatum, the backward curvature of the knee-joint. G. valgum, inward curving of the knee; knock-knee; in-knee. G. varum. Same as G. extrorsum. Genual (fen/-u-al) [genu, the knee]. knee or to a genu. Genuclast (fen/-u-Alast) [genze, knee; Rhôetv, to break]. An apparatus for the forcible correction of knee-joint deformities or adhesions. Genuflex (jen-u-fieks') [genu, knee; ſexus, bent]. Bent at, or like, the knee. Also, bent at any joint. Genuflexion, Genuflection (jen-u-ſhek’-shun) [genu, knee; ſexus, bent]. The bending or flexion of the knee. Genuflexuous (jen-ze-ſieks’-az-us) [genu, knee; ſexus, a bending]. In biology, zig-zag, with knee-like bend- Ings. Genus (ſe'-mus) [genus, a family: £7, Generaj. A spe- cies or a number of species marked by one or more common characteristics that distinguish them from other groups of species. Genyantralgia (jen-e-an-tra/-je-ah) âvTpov, cave; d'Ayoc, pain]. antrum of Highmore. Genyantritis (jen-e-an-tri’-tis) [yévvc, jaw; āvrpov, cave; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the geny- antrum. Genyantrum, or Genyantron (jen-e-an/-trum, or -fron) [Yévvc, jaw; &vtpov, cave]. The maxillary antrum, or antrum of Highmore, Pertaining to a [Yévvg, jaw , Pain or neuralgia in the Genyplasty (fen/-e-plas-fe) [Yévvc, cheek, chin, jaw ; Théogetv, to form]. An operation for reforming or re- storing the cheek or jaw, imperfect either from injury or from congenital malformation. 33 GEOBLAST Geoblast (je/-o-blast) [yń, earth; 3%aotóg, germ]. In biology, a plumule that in germination rises above the ground, leaving the cotyledons buried, e.g., that of the pea. Geoffroya (ſe-off-roi/-yah) [after Geoffroy, a French physician]. A genus of leguminous trees. G. spin- ulose and G. vermifuga are S. American trees with anthelmintic seeds. Unof. Geogenous (ſe-oj/-em-us) [yń, earth ; Yevåg, pro- duced]. In biology, applied to such plants as grow on the ground, rather than on other plants; specifically applied to fungi. Geographic Tongue. An eruption on the dorsum of the tongue, which becomes covered with sinuous, map- like lines. It is very chronic and obstinate in its nature, and most frequently attacks young children. It is probably the expression of a tropho-neurosis. Geography (ſe-og/-raiſe) [yń, earth ; Ypápelv, to write]. In medicine, a description of the earth’s surface with reference to climatology and the distri- bution of disease, with relation to origin and locality. Geolin (je’-o-lin) [yń, earth; oleum, oil]. A trade- name for a petrolatum resembling vaselin. Geology (ſe-o/-oje) [yń, earth; Āóyog, science]. . The science treating of the structural development of the earth. Geomalism (ſe-om/-a/-īzm) [yń, earth; Śuażóg, even]. In biology, the tendency of organisms to ad- just themselves to the attraction of gravitation by sym- metric growth in horizontal planes. Geomaly (ſe-on/-al-e). Same as Geomalism. Geometry (je-om/-et-re) [yń, earth; uérpov, a measure]. That branch of mathematic science that treats of the relations of magnitudes. Geophagia (je-o-ſa/-je-a/ ). See Geophagism. Geophagism (ſe-off’-aſ-izm) [yń, earth; payeiv, to eat]. The practice of earth-eating or clay-eating ; chthono- phagia. Geophagist (je-off’-aſ-isé) [yń, earth; payeiv, to eat]. A dirt-eater. Geophagous (je-off’-ag-us) [yń, earth; payeiv, to eat]. Addicted to dirt-eating. Geophagy (je-off’-aj-e). See Geophagism. Geophilous (ſe-off’-i/-us) [Y7, earth ; piāog, loving]. In biology, ground-loving, e.g., certain snails. Georgia Bark (jor/-je-a/, ) [after King George, of England]. The bark of Pinckneya pubens, a tree of N. America; it is said to be febrifuge. Unof. Geotropic (ſe-o-trop’-ić) [yń, earth; Tpétely, to turn]. Affected by or turning toward the earth; exhibiting a tendency to grow toward the earth. The roots of plants are geotropic. Geotropism (ſe-o/-ro-pizm) [Yū, the earth ; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, the tendency of roots and other parts to grow downward toward the earth. Geotropy (je-of/-ro-pe). Same as Geotropism. Gephyrocercal (ſefir-o-ser/-/a/) [yépupa, a bridge ; képkoç, tail]. In biology, applied to fishes in which the aborted tail-fin is replaced by the union of the dorsal and anal fins. Geraniin (je-ra/-ne-in) [Yepávtov, geranium]. A pre- cipitate from the tincture of Cranesbill, Geranium maculatum. It stimulates and contracts the caliber of the capillary vessels of the mucous membranes, etc. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Geranium (ſe-ra/-me-um) [Yepávlov, geranium: gen, , Geranii). Cranesbill-root. The root of G. macula- tum, with properties due to tannic and gallic acids. It is useful in diarrhea, infantile colic, etc. G., Ext., Fld. Dose my–3j. Geratic (jer-at'-ić) [yńpaç, old age]. age. Relating to old 514 GERM Geratology (yer-at-o/-oje) [yńpaç, old age; Wéye:v, to speak]. That department of biology that treats of the decadence and gradual extinction of a group of organisms. Gerber's Food. A variety of infantile milk-food having the following composition : Water, 6.78; fat, 2.21 ; grape-sugar and milk-sugar, 6.06; cane-sugar, 30.5o; starch, 38.48; soluble carbohydrates, 44.76; albumi- noids, 9.56; ash, I.21. * Gerdy, Fibers of. See Fibers. G., Ligament of. See Zigament. Gerhardt's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of G.'s Test. See Zests, Table of. G., Type Theory of, the molecules were considered as residues that remain unaltered in certain reactions. Gerlach's Ammonia-carmin. See Stains, 7able of G.'s Carmin Mass, a warm-flowing mass for injecting tissues. Dissolve 5 gm. of carmin in a mixture of 4 c. c. of water and O.5 c.c. of ammonia. Allow the solution to stand several days, and mix with 8 parts of a solution of gelatin, I to 2. Filter and inject at a temperature of 40° C. G.'s Network, or Plexus, an exceedingly delicate fibrous network of the finest nerve-fibrils in the gray matter of the cord. G.'s Theory, pertains to the connection of the nerve-fibers and ganglionic cells of the cord. G.'s Tubal Tonsil, a granular con- dition sometimes noticed at the orifices of the Eusta- chian tubes in chronic inflammations in this region, and due to swelling of the muciparous glands of the tube. G.'s Valve, the fold of mucous membrane that surrounds the mouth of the vermiform appendix. Gerlier's Disease. An affection (of farm-hands) charac- terized by sudden paroxysms of ptosis, vertigo, mus- cular paresis, and cervico-occipital pain. See Diseases, Fponymic Zable of Germ (ferm) [L., germen, sprig, offshoot, em- bryol. In biology, (a) a portion of matter potentially vital and having within itself the tendency to assume a definite living form (Harvey); a spore, a seed, an embryo. (b) A microbe or bacterium. G.-area, the germinal area, the germinal disc, area germinativa, the spot on an ovum where the development of the embryo begins. G., Asexual, or Unisexual. See Aarthenogenesis, Germ-plasm, Āvolution, and A’epro- duction. G.-band, in embryology, one of the bands that unite to form the primitive streak. G.-cell. I. The germinal vesicle in a non-fertilized ovum. 2. The ovum that has been impregnated, but which is still a single cell; a cytula, or a blastomere; a simple sphere. See also Heredity. G., Dentinal, a tooth-papilla, or tooth-pulp. G. of Disease, the special virus or spore through which a disease becomes communicable. G.- disc. See G.-area. G. Epithelium, cylindric cells on the surface of the median plate of the mesoblast. G.-flesh. See Sarcophyte. G.-gland, a germ-produ- cing gland; an ovary or a testicle. G.-history, ontog- eny, 7. v. G.-layer, in biology, any one of the mem- branes of a developing germ, as the blastophyl/a, epib/ast, mesoblast, hypoblast, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm, somatopleure, splanchnopleure. G.-plasm, in biology, a term introduced by Weissmann to indicate the repro- ductive or hereditary substance of living organisms. It is held to contain all the primary constituents of the entire organism ; it is never produced neogenetically, but is ever passed on from the germ-cell in which an organism originates in direct continuity to the germ- cells of succeeding generations. It causes the pro- duction of the new individual by directing the process of division in ontogeny, in the course of which it be- comes changed in a regular manner. It is composed primarily of biophores (q.v.) or bearers of vitality, the smallest units that exhibit vital force. (Cf. pangen: GERMAN of De Vries, physiologic units of Herbert Spencer, plastidules of Elsberg, and plasomes of Wiesner.) These biophores unite into groups called determinants (q.v.), each of which is a primary constituent of a cell. Groups of determinants in turn combine to form ids (Cf. ancestral germ-plasms), which correspond to the small granules hitherto called micro-somata (q.v.). The ids again form groups called idants (7. v.), which correspond with the chromatosomes (7. v.) or rod-like granular masses of chromatin in the nucleus. G.- plasma, the protoplasm of the ovum or germ, Sup- posed to determine the character of the resultant off- spring; the physical basis of heredity and of the conservation of the species. Its alleged unchange- ableness is called “the immortality of the germ- plasma.” See Protoplasm. G.-plasms, Ancestral, Weismann's term for bodies of a highly complex con- stitution, each containing all the primary constituents that are necessary to the formation of an organism (“Ahnemplasmen "), afterward supplanted by the word id, g. v.). G.-pore, in cryptogamic botany, a simple pit in the coat of a spore or an opening that serves as a place of exit for the tubular out- growths from the spore at the time of germination (De Bary). G.-sac, the vesicle constituting the blastoderm of mammals. G., Specific, same as Germ. G.-theory, the doctrine of the origin of every organism from a germ or germ-plasm; blastogenesis, as distinguished from neogenesis, or spontaneous gen- eration. Also the doctrine that certain diseases are de- pendent upon the presence of certain microörganisms. G.-tube, in cryptogamic botany the filamentous growth of a spore upon germination. G.-vesicle. See Germinal Vesicle. German (jer/-man) [Germanus, German]. Pertaining or belonging to Germany. G. Breast-tea, a decoc- tion of althea, g. v. G. Black. Same as Frankfort Alack. G. Chamomile. See Matricaria. G. Disease. Synonym of Influenza. G. Ichthyol. See 7%io/. G. Measles. See A'zabeola. G. Method, the oral method of instruction for deaf- mutes. G. Tinder. See Amadou. Germander (jer-man/-der, or jer’-man-der) [ME., germazvnder, germander]. A popular name for plants of the labiate genus Teucrium. T. chamaedrys, of Europe, is a popular polychrest remedy. Z. narum is diaphoretic, tonic, and emmenagogue. Unof. Germarium (jer-ma/-re-um) [germen, germ]. In biology, applied to the ovary of certain invertebrates. Germicidal (jer’-mis-à-da!) [germen, a germ ; cardere, to kill]. Destructive of germs. Germicide (jer/-mis-id) [germen, germ ; cardere, to kill]. A microbicide ; an agent that destroys germs. Germiculture (jer/-me-kuſ-châr) [germen, germ; cul- fura, culture]. The artificial culture of bacteria. Germifuge (jer’-miſ-àj) [germen, a germ ; fragare, to banish]. I. Having the power of expelling germs. 2. An agent that expels germs. Germinal (jer’-min-al) [germen, a germ]. Pertain- ing to a germ or the genesis of a tissue or organ. G. Area, the Area germinativa, or embryonal shield, a white round spot upon one side of the vitelline mem- brane in which the blastodernm becomes double. G. Disc. See Disc. G. Matter. See Protoplasm. G. Membrane, the blastoderm. G. Spot, the nucleolus of the ovule. G. Vesicle; (a) the blastosphere or blastodermic vesicle; (b) a lacuna in the substance of the germ; (c) the imperfectly formed germ-cell in the embryo-sac previous to fertilization. Cf. Gastrocystis. Germination (jer-min-a/-shun) [germinatio, sprouting, budding]. In biology, the development of an embryo from the ovum. Sprouting of a seed or spore. 515 GIANTISM Germule (jer/-mül) [germen, a germ]. An incipient germ. - Gerocomia, or Gerocomy (jer-o-ko'-me-ah, or jer-oſé/- o-me) [yépov, old man; Koueiv, to care for]. The hy- gienic and medical care of old people. Gerocomium (jer-o-ko'-me-um) [yépov, old man; Kopeiv, to care for). A home or institution for aged people. Geromarasmus (jer-o-mar-az/-mus) [yépov, old man; papaauðg, a wasting]. Emaciation and weakness characteristic of extreme old age. Geromeninguria (jer-o-men-in-gu'-re-ah) [yépov, old man; ſuffvlyś, membrane; oipov, urine]. That senile condition in which the urine contains membranous shreds. Geromorphism (jer-o-mor/ºftzm) [yńpaç, old age; poppſ, form]. Decrepitude of the cutaneous system; appearance of age in a young person. Geroni speciosa (jer-o'-me spe-she-o/-sah) [L.J. An Andean plant, having a local reputation as a remedy for syphilis and rheumatism. Unof. Gerontoxon (jer-on-toks/-on). See Arcus semilis. Geropigia (jer-o-pij/-e-ah) [Port.]. A strongly sweet- ened and colored mixture of brandy and grape-juice, used in adulterating and fortifying wines. Gerst's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Gestation (jes-ta/-shun) [gestatio, gestare, to bear]. Same as Pregnancy. G., Abdominal, the form of extra-uterine gestation in which the product of con- ception is developed in the abdominal cavity. G., Double. I. Twin pregnancy. 2. The coéxistence of uterine and extra-uterine pregnancy. G., Ectopic. Same as G., Bºxtra-atterine. G., Extra-uterine, pregnancy in which the product of conception is not contained in the uterine cavity. G., Dorsal, the hatching of eggs on the back, as occurs in certain batrachians, e.g., the Surinam toad. G., Mammary or Pouch, the completion of growth in a pouch, as in marsupials. G., Oral, applied to the hatching of eggs in the mouth, as occurs in some fishes. Geum (ſe/-um). See Azens. Gheel System (ge/ sis/-tem) [from Gheel, a town in Belgium]. The colony-plan of housing, boarding, and treating the insane, which prevails at Gheel, in Belgium. Giacomi’s Method. A method of staining the bacil- lus of syphilis. See Stains, Zable of Giacomini's Method of Preserving the Brain. Im- merse the brain in a saturated solution of chlorid of zinc ; turn several times daily and inject 600 grns. of the liquid through the carotids. Remove the mem- branes in 48 hours. Allow the brain to remain in the solution until it begins to sink, then immerse in alcohol for Io days. Immerse in glycerin until it sinks; remove, allow to dry, and varnish. Giampetro-Löwenberg Method. A method of intro- ducing the Eustachian catheter. The catheter is passed into the pharynx, and the beak is then turned toward the opposite tube and the catheter withdrawn until it catches on the posterior edge of the septum narium, when it is rotated in the opposite direction through an arc of at least 180° into the tube which it is desired to catheterize. Giant (ji’-ant) [yiyaç, large or ponderous]. An º of a species excessively developed in stature and pro- portions. G.-cell. See Cell. G. Pelvis. See Pe/vis, Female, Deformities of G.-powder. See Dualin. G.-swelling. See Angio-neurotic Edema and Ürtica- 7-fa tuberosa. G. Urticaria. See Urſicaria a dema- tosa. Giantism (ji’-an-tigm) [Yiyaç, large]. Excessive over- growth; the quality of being gigantic. Gigantism. GIANUZZI, CELLS OF Gianuzzi, Cells or Crescents of. Granular protoplas- mic cells found in mucous glands between the mucous cells and the basement-membrane; they play an im- portant part in the functional activity of the gland. They are also called demilume cells. See Cel/. Gibbes' Method. A method of staining tubercle-bacilli. See Stains, Table of Gibbon's Hydrocele. See Diseases, Table of Gibbositas (gib-osſ-it-as) [L.]. Gibbosity; the con- dition of being a hunchback. Gibbosity (gib-os/-īt-e) [gibber, a hunch, a hump.]. In biology, a hump or irregular protuberance. Gibbous (gib/-us) [gibber, hunched]. Swollen, con- vex, protuberant, especially upon one side. Gibert's Pityriasis. See Diseases, Table of. G.'s Syrup. See Aydrargyrum. - Giblets (jib/-lets) [OF., gibelet, giblets]. The entrails of fowl. Gibraltar Fever. Synonym of Yellow Fever and of Al/editerrazzeazz Fezer. Gibson’s Bandage. See Bandage. Gid (gid) [ME., gidie, dizzy]. Staggers in sheep, a disease caused by a cystic worm in the brain, formerly called Caenurus cerebraſis, g. v. See under Parasites (Animal), Table of Giddiness (gid’’-e-nes) [ME., gidie, dizzy]. A sensa- tion of whirling or unsteadiness of the body, usually accompanied by more or less nausea. See Gid. Giesbrecht’s Method. A method of mounting serial sections. Make a solution of brown shellac in alco- hol; filter and paint on warmed slides; allow to dry. Over this paint a thin layer of creasote and put the sections in place. Then heat the slide on a water-bath for fifteen minutes at the melting-point of paraffin. Allow to cool; dissolve the paraffin in turpentine; mount in balsam. The tissue must have been stained en masse before embedding. Gigantism (ji-gan/-tizm) [Yiyaç, giant]. Abnormally exaggerated size; excessive overgrowth; great hyper- trophy or auxesis. Giantism. Gigantoblast (ji-gan/-to-blast) [Yiyaç, giant; 3%aotóg, a germ]. A large germ said to exist in the blood in cases of pernicious anemia. It somewhat resembles the larger megalocyte. Giganto-cellular (ji-game/-fo/-se/-at-lar) [Yiyaç, giant; cella, cell]. Characterized by giant-cells; as Giganto- cellular Endothelioma. Gigartina (ſig-ar-tº/-ſta/ ) [L.]. A genus of sea- weeds, several species of which are used in the same way as Carragheen, for human food. Some of the agar-agar of commerce is believed to be the product of plants of this genus. Gigerium (ji-je/-re-um) [gigeria, the entrails of poul- try]. In biology, the gizzard of birds, or the thickened muscular portion of the stomach in certain mammals. See Gizzard. Gigger (jig/-er). See Pulex. Gila monster. See Aſeloderma. Gill (gil) [ME., gile, gylle, a gill]. One of the respira- tory organs of such animals as breathe the air that is mixed with water. The gills first appear in the A'ody- chaeta. Cf. Branchiae. G.-hearts, contractile expan- sions, with but a single cavity, at the base of the blood-vessels conducting the blood to the branchiae in the higher crustacea. Gillenia (jil-e'-ne-ah) [after Dr. Arnold Gill, a Ger- man botanist]. A genus of rosaceous herbs. , G. stipulacea (Bowman's root, Indian physic) and G. trifoliata, both of N. America, are good, safe, and ef- fective substitutes for ipecac. Unof. Gillenin (ji/-en-in) [after Dr. Gill, a German botan- ist]. The active principle of American Apecac. It 516 . GIZZARD is a bitter, slightly odorous, permanent powder with emetic properties. Gimbernat's Ligament. See Zigament. Gin (jin) [ME., gymypre, juniper]. Common grain- spirit distilled and aromatized with juniper-berries. The finest gin, known as “Holland,” is made in the distilleries of Schiedam, whence also the name “Schiedam Schnapps.” See Spiritus juniperi. G.- . drinker’s Liver. See Cirrhosis, and Æobnail Liver. G.-liver. See Cirrhosis. Gingelly Oil (jinje!’-e oil). See Sesami, Oleum. Ginger (jin/-jer). See Zingiðer. Gingiva (jin-jiv'-ah) [L. “the gum :” pl. , Gingiva.]. The vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the teeth and covering the alveoli, Gingival (ſin/-fiv-al) [gingiva, the gum]. Pertaining to the gums. G. Line, a blue or purplish line along the gums where they meet the teeth, indicative of chronic lead-poisoning; also, the reddish line on the gums sometimes seen in tuberculosis, etc. G. Margin, the line or edge of the gums where they meet the teeth; the free edge of the gums. - Gingivalgia (jin-jiv-a/-je-a/) [gingiva, gum ; &Wyoç, pain]. Neuralgia of the gums. Gingivitis (jin-ſiv-º'-tis) [gingiva, the gums; truç, in- flammation]. Ulitis; inflammation of the gums. G., Expulsive, osteo-periostitis of a tooth, which is gradually expelled from its socket. Gingko (ging/-ào) [Jap.]. A genus of taxaceous trees. G. biloba, a native of Eastern Asia, is now common in the U. S. Its edible seeds are astringent and are said to restrain or to slow the secretion of urine. Unof. Ginglymoid (ging/-glim-oid) [ytyyāvuoc, a hinge; eiðoç, likeness]. Resembling a hinge-joint. Ginglymus (ging/-glim-us). See Diarthrosis. Ginseng (jin/-seng) [Chinese, findsan, ginseng]. The fleshy root of several species of Panax or Aralia. A. ginseng, of Eastern Asia, and A. quinquefolia, of the U. S., are the best-known species. Ginseng is an aro- matic bitter with tonic properties. Unof. Giraffe, Girafy (jir-aſ", -af’-e). See Endemic Colic and Aengue. Giraldensian Organ or Organ of Giraldés. The par- epididymis. It is composed of a number of flat, white bodies, each of which consists of a collection of tubes blind at each end. It is situated at the posterior portion of the epididymis, between the head and the was deferens. Girdle (gir/-d]) [ME., girdel, a waistband]. Any band designed to go around the body. G., Emphy- sematous. See Amphysema. G., Neptune's, an abdominal bandage used in applying the wet-pack. G.-pain, a sensation as if a girdle were drawn tightly around the body. When not hysteric, it is charac- teristic of disease of the myelon, or of the nerve- roots. G., Pelvic, the bones (or cartilages) forming the support for the lower limbs of vertebrates. In mammals they consist of the ilia, ischia, and os pubes. G.-sensation. Same as G.-pain. G., Shoulder, the system of bones designed for the support of the upper limbs or arms. In man, the scapulae and clavi- cles compose this structure. - Girgensohn's Method. A method of removing pro- teids from a liquid. Mix the solution with half its volume of a solution of common salt; add tannin in slight excess, and the proteids will be entirely precipi- tated. Girmir (gir/-mir) [Arab]. Tartar of the teeth. Giroflé (fir-o-ſa/). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Gizzard (giz/-ard) [OF., gesier, L., gigerium]. The strong muscular stomach of birds; also, the corre- GLABELLA sponding organ at the pylorus of certain mammals. G.- skin, the lining membrane of a gizzard. Pigeons’ gizzard-skins, dried and triturated, are a popular remedy for dyspepsia. See Ingluvin. Glabella (g/h-bel/-ah) [dim. of glaber, smooth]. The triangular space between the eyebrows. See Cranio- metric Points. Glabellad (gla-be/-ad ! [dim. of glaber, smooth; ad, to]. Toward the glabellar aspect of the head. Glabellar (gla-bel/-ar) [dim. of glaber, smooth; ad, to]. Pertaining to the glabella. Glabellen (gla-bel/-em) [dim. of glaber, smooth]. Be- longing to the glabella in itself. Glabello-inial (gla-bel/-o-in/-e-al) [dim. of glaber, smooth; iv.ſov, the nape of the neck]. Included between the glabellum to the inion. Glabello-obeliac (gla-bel/-o-o-be’-le-aē) [dim. of glaber, smooth; 66e?6g, a spit]. Included between the glabella to the obelion. Glabello-occipital (gla-bel/-o-o/-siº/-it-a!) [dim. of glaber, smooth; occiput, the occiput]. Included be- tween the glabellum to the occiput. Glabellum (gla-bel/-um) [glaber, Smooth]. Glabella. Glabrate (gla/-brāt) [glabrare, to make smooth]. In biology, becoming or tending to smoothness or bald- IlêSS, Glabrous (gla/-brus) [glaber, smooth]. Smooth. biology, destitute of hairs or down. Glacial (gla/-she-al) [g/acies, ice]. Icy ; resembling ice in appearance, as glacial acetic or phosphoric acid. G. Phosphoric-acid Test. See Tests, Table of Glacialin (gla-she-a/-lin) [glacies, ice]. An antiseptic Same as In substance used for the preservation of foods. It con- sists of borax, boric acid, sugar, and glycerin. Glaciation (gla-she-a/-shun) [glacies, ice]. A condi- tion like that of ice ; erosive effect like that of moving ICC. Gladiate (glad/-e-āţ) [gladius, a sword]. In biology, ensiform, or sword-shaped. - Gladiolin (glad-i/-o-lin) [gladius, a sword. An alka- loid from brain-tissue. - Gladiolus (glad-e-o'-lus) [dim. of gladius, a sword]. I. The middle or second piece of the sternum. 2. A genus of iridaceous flowering-plants. G. segetum, of Europe, is said to be aphrodisiac and emmenagogue. Unof. Glair (glar) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. The white of egg; any thin, viscous substance, as a mu- cous discharge. Glairidin (g/dir/-id-in). Same as Glairin. Glairin (glar/-in) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. A peculiar organic, gelatinous substance found on the surface of some thermal waters. It is also called baregiºn, plombierin, zoögene, glairidin, sulphurain, and zoidin. See Baregin. Glairy (g/dir/-e) [glayre, the white of egg]. also, albuminous. , Glaisher’s Factors. the dew-point. Glama (gla/-mah) [L.]. Lippitudo. An accumula- tion of gummy or hard material at the inner canthus of the eye ; the material so accumulated. Gland [glans, an acorn]. A name given to numer- ous bodies or organs of the body, both secretive and excretive in function, withdrawing from the blood material for other purposes, or that is injurious or of no use to the economy. In structure they may be simple, saccular, or tubular. Also, the bulb- ous end of the penis and clitoris. G., Abdominal Salivary, a term for the pancreas. G., Absorbent. See G., Lymphatic. G., Accessory Lachrymal. Slimy; A table of figures for calculating 517 GLAND See G. of Krause. G., Accessory Lactiferous. See G. of Montgomery. G., Accessory (of Pan- creas). See G., Brunner's. G., Accessory (of Parotid). See Socia parotidis. G., Accessory (of Rosenmüller). See G., Rosenmüller's. G., Acces- sory Supra-renal, a small gland sometimes connected with and resembling the supra-renal capsules. G., Accessory Thyroid, a small mass of gland-tissue con- nected with the thyroid gland. G., Acinose, one com- posed of acini. G., Acinous. See G., Racemose. . G., Aggregate. See G., Cowper's. G., Aggregated (of Bruch), a number of follicles in the conjunctiva, at the palpebro-sclerotic reflection. G., Agminated. See G., Peyer's. G., Albumin, in Cestoda, the gland that secretes the albuminous coating of the ovum. G., Anal, a lymphatic and odoriferous gland situ- ated near the anus. G., Angular. See G., Sub- maxillary. G., Anomalous. See G., Ductless. G., Anteprostatic. See G., Cozeper's. G., Aporic. See G., Duct/ess. G.-area, the depressed area, from the alveolar epithelium of which the mammary gland is developed. G., Arterial, one of a number of small gland-like bodies connected with the arterial system. G., Arytenoid, a small muciparous gland in front of the arytenoid cartilage. G., Atrabiliary, an old name for the Supra-renal Capsule. G., Auricular, Anterior, a lymph-gland anterior to the external auditory meatus. G., Auricular, Posterior. See G., Subazaricular. G., Axillary, one of the lymph-glands situated in the axilla. G. of Bartholin. I. A small gland on either side of the vagina, opening through a duct, on the inner side of the nympha. 2. See G., Sublingual. G., Bauhin's. See G., AWuhn's. G. of Benham. See G., Lophophoral. G., Blan- din’s. See G., AWuhn's. G., Blind. See G., Ourf- Zess. G., Blood. See G., Hematopoietic. G., Blood-vascular. See G., Hematopoietic. G. of Boerhaave. See G., Miliary. G., Bowman’s, one of the tubular glands of the olfactory region. G., Brachial, one of the lymph-glands of the arm and the fore-arm. G., Branchio-tympanic. See G., 7}ºm- panic. G., Bronchial. I. One of the lymph-glands of the bronchi and root of the trachea. 2. See G., 77.17°oid. G. of Bruch. See G., Aggregated. G., Brunner's, one of the granular racemose bodies found in the wall of the duodenum. G., Buccal, one of the glands between the buccinator muscle (of the cheek) and the adjacent mucous membrane. G., Buccal, Inferior. See G., Molar. G., Bulbo-cavernous. See G., Cowper's. G., Bulbo-urethral. See G., Cowper's. G., Byssus. See G., Byssys. G., Byssys, in Mamellibranchiata, a gland near the foot, secreting the substance that forms the byssus. G., Calcifer- ous, in the earth-worm one of several pairs of lateral glandular bodies in the esophagus whose function it is to secrete a calcareous substance. G., Camphor, one of the camphor-Secreting glands of the camphor- tree. G., Cardiac, one of the acinous glands in the mucosa at the distal extremity of the esophagus. G., Cardiac Gastric. See G., Oxyntic. G., Cardiac Lymphatic. See G., . Mediastina/, Superior. G., Carotic. See G., Intercaroſia. G., Carotid. See G., Intercarotid. G., Cecal, one of the lymph- glands around the cecum. G., Celiac, one of the lymph-glands on the abdominal aorta, above the supe- rior mesenteric artery. G., Cement. I. One of certain glands in insects whose function it is to secrete the sebum that surrounds the ova prior to their dis- charge. 2. In Cirripedia, one of the glands in the antennae secreting a sticky substance. G., Cerumi- niparous. See G., Ceruminous. G., Ceruminous, one of the convolute glands secreting the cerumen of GLAND 518 the ear. G., cervical, one of the lymph-glands of the neck; these are also called cervical ganglia. G., Cervical, Deep, one of the lymph-glands contained in two groups, superior and inferior, that are deeply- seated in the neck. They empty into the right lymph- atic duct, through the jugular lymphatic. G., Cervical, Inferior, Deep, the lower group of deep cervical glands in the supra-clavicular fossa. G., Cervical, Middle, one of the lymph-glands in the neck, corre- sponding to the lower portion of the larynx. G., Cervical, Posterior, any one of the deep lymph- glands situated along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle on either side of the neck. Enlarge- ment of these glands is one of the earliest evidences of the secondary stage of syphilis. G., Cervical, Superficial, one of the superficial lymph-glands in the upper anterior portion of the neck. G., Cervical, Superior, Deep, the upper of the deep cervical lymph-glands, near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. G., Cervical, Upper, Deep. See G., Cervica/, Superior, Deep. G., Choroid, in certain Zeleostei, a vascular plexus around the optic nerve. G., Choroideal. See G., Choroid. G., Circumanal. See G., Anal. G., Closed. See G., Duct/ess. G., Coccygeal (or Zuschka's). I. A small arterial gland on the top of the coccyx, ventrally. 2. See G., Cro- pygial. G., Colic. See Crypts of Zieberkähn. G., Colleterial. See Colleterium. G., Compound, one in which the secreting surface is contained in numbers of small pouches. A gland whose duct is branched. G., Concatenate. See G., Cervical, Deep. G., Conglobate. See G., Lymphatic. G., Conglomer- ate. See G., A'acemose. G., Congregate. See G., Peyer's. G., Coniferous, an old name for the dis- coid tracings in the wood-cells of gymnosperms. G., Convoluted, a tubular gland with a highly convoluted blind termination. G., Cowper's (or Méry's), in the male, one of two small acinous glands, situated be- tween the two layers of the triangular ligament, ante- riorly to the prostate gland. G., Cowperian. See G., Cowper's. G., Cubital, one of the lymph-glands of the elbow. G., Cubital, Deep, any one of the deep lymph-glands around the elbow-joint. G., Cubital, Superficial, any one of the lymph-glands situated over the inner condyle of the humerus in the subcu- taneous connective tissue. G., Cutaneous, any one of the various glands of the skin. They include the hair, sudoriparous and sebaceous glands. G., Cy- athiform, in biology, Small, fleshy, cup-like glands, Se- creting a viscid fluid. G., Decidual, any one of the glands of the decidua. G., Dental (of Serres), one of the small, white epithelial bodies on the mucous membrane of the jaw, over the point of emergence of the teeth. G., Diapnogenous. See G., Sudorip- arous. G., Digestive, in biology, one of certain glands situated on the leaves or other portions of Some insectivorous plants; they secrete a fluid capable of digesting albuminoid substances. G., Dorsal. See G., Scapular. G., Ductless, a gland without a duct. G., Duodenal. I. See G., Brunner's. 2. One of the lymph-glands of the duodenal mesentery. G., Du- verney's. See G. of Bartholin. G., Ebner's, one of the acinous glands of the tongue situated in the region of the circumvallate papillae. G., Enteric. See Cryſºs of Zieberkil/in. G., Epiglottic, one of the muciparous glands about the posterior surface of the epiglottis. G., Esophageal, one of the acinous lymph-glands under the mucous membrane of the esophagus. G., Excretory, one of the glands that secrete the excrementitious matters of the body. G., External, in botany, one of the glands on the outer surface of a plant-organ. G., Facial, one of the GLAND lymph-glands of the face. G., Facial, Deep, one of the lymph-glands beneath the buccinator muscle. G., Facial, Superficial. See G., Auricular, Anterior. G., Femoral. See G., Inguinal. G.-fever, an inſec- tious constitutional disorder characterized by rapid and painful enlargement of the cervical lymphatic glands, with considerable elevation of temperature. G., Floral. See G., AWectariferous. G., Follicular, one consisting of or beginning in follicles. G., Fol- licular (of the tongue), one of the lymph-glands in the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue. G., Fundus. See G., Oxyntic. G. of Galeati. See Crypts of Zieberkähn. G., Gastric, any one of the glands of the stomach, tubular or peptic. Those lining the fundus of the stomach are the true pepsin- secreting glands. G., Gastro-epiploic, Inferior, one of the lymph-glands surrounding the greater curvature of the stomach. G., Gastro-epiploic, Superior, one of the lymph-glands in the gastro- phrenic ligament. G., Genal. See G., Buccal. G., Genital. See G., Sexual. G., Globate. See, G., Zymphatic. G., Globular (of Miróeſ), in biology, one of the spheric glands forming a pulverulent surface upon the calyx, corolla and anthers of many labiate plants. G., Glomerate. See G., Racemose. G., Green, in Crustacea, a gland on the side of the ante- rior portion of the body. Its duct opens on a cervical eminence, just below the antenna. G., Guérin's. See G., Skene's. G. of Guettard. See G., Miliary. G., Guttural. See G., Pharyngeal. G., Hair, the sebaceous gland of a hair-follicle. G., Harder's. See G., Harderian. G., Harderian, a small gland in the nictitating membrane of many of the lower animals. G. of Havers (also called synovial fringe), one of the fatty bodies lying behind the highly vascu- lar fringe-processes that project from a synovial mem- brane into the cavity of a joint; these were formerly believed to be the glands that secreted the synovia. G., Haversian. See G. of Hazers. G., Hemat- opoietic, any one of the glands that are supposed to take part in the formation of the blood, as the spleen, thymus, supra-renal capsules, etc. G. of Henle. See G., Aggregated (of Bruch). G., Hepatic, one of the lymph-glands in the ligaments around the liver. G., Hermaphrodite, in hermaphroditic animals, a gland answering both as ovary and testicle. G., Hibernating, in hibernating animals, one of the masses of fatty tissue, supposed to aid in sustaining life during hibernation. G., Honey-comb. See G., Peyer's. G., Hydrophorous. See G., Sudorip- arous. G., Hypogastric. See G., ſliac, Znterna/. G., Iliac, Anterior, one of the lymph-glands anterior to the iliac arteries, and situated between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the femoral ring. They receive the lymphatic and efferent vessels of the inguinal glands. G., Iliac, External. See G., Iliac, Ante- rior. G., Iliac, Internal, one of the lymph-glands in the course of the hypogastric artery and vein. G., Iliac, Superior, one of the lymph-glands near the crest of the ilium. G., Infraclavicular, one of the small lymph-glands situated below the clavicle, be- tween the deltoid and pectoral muscles. G., Inguinal, Deep, one of the lymph-glands in the crural ring, around the femoral artery and vein. G., Inguinal, Superficial, one of the lymph-glands in the Superficial fascia just above Poupart’s ligment. G., Infundibu- lar, the infundibulum of the brain. G., Intercarot- id, a minute body of glandular structure, of unknown function, situated at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. G., Intercellular, one of the multi- cellular vegetable glands, supplying the walls between the cells. G., Intercostal, one of the lymph-glands GLAND 519 in the posterior portion of the intercostal spaces. G., Internal, in botany, a gland below the surface of a plant-organ. G., Interocular, in comparative anat- omy, the ectocranial portion of the epiphysis cerebri. It is regarded as the rudiment of the third eye. G., Interungulate, in sheep, a muciparous gland between the hoofs. G., Intestinal, Solitary, one of a num- ber of peculiar white isolated lymph-glands distributed through the intestinal mucous membrane. G., Jugu- lar, Inferior. See G., Cervical, Deep. G., Jugular, Superficial. See G., Cervical, Superſºcial. G., Jugular, Superior. See G., Cervical, Superior, Deep. G. of Kölliker. See G., Bowman's. G. of Krause, one of a number of acinous glands in the orbital portion of the conjunctiva. G., Labial, one of several racemose glands near the edges of the lips. G., Lachrymal, a compound racemose gland in the upper and outer portions of the orbit, whose function it is to secrete the tears. G., Lachrymal, Inferior, the lower portion of the lachrymal gland. . G., Lachrymal, Superior, the upper portion of the lachrymal gland. G., Lactiferous. See G., Mam- mary. G., Laryngeal, Anterior, Posterior, one of the acinous lymph-glands in the laryngeal mucous membrane. G., Lateral, in Cestodes, one of the glands situated on either side of the uterus. G., Lenticular. I. In botany, one of the oily or fatty glands found in plants. 2. One of the conglobate glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach. G. of Lieberkühn. See Zieberkizhn, Crypts of. G., Lingual, Anterior. See G., AWuhn's. G., Lingual, Lateral, one of the acinous glands at the edge of the tongue. G., Lingual, Lymphatic, one of two or three glands on the outer surface of the hyoglossus muscle. G., Lingual, Posterior, one of the acinous lymph- glands on the dorsum linguae near the foramen cecum. G. of Littré (or of Morgagni), one of the small race- mose muciparous glands in the mucous membrane of the cavernous portion of the urethra. G., Lobulated. See G., Racemose. G., Lophophoral (of Benham), in biology, a border of glandular tissue, surrounding the lophophore. G., Lumbar, one of a number of lymph-glands, situated in the lumbar region, behind the peritoneum. G., Luschka's. See G., Coc- cygeal. G., Lymph. See G., Zymphatic. G., Lymphatic, a small oval mass of lymphoid tissue in the course of a lymphatic vessel. There are supposed to be between 500 and 6oo in man. The chyle and lymph pass through them to the blood. G., Lymphat- ic, Solitary. I. A simple isolated lymph-gland. 2. See G., Intestinal, Solitary. G., Mammary, one of the glands, in mammals, that secrete milk. G., Mas- toid. See G., Subauricular. G., Maxillary, In- ternal. See G., Facial, Deep. G., Mediastinal, one of the lymph-glands in the mediastinum. G., Mediastinal, Anterior, one of several small lymph- glands in the lower portion of the anterior mediasti- num. G., Mediastinal, Posterior, one of the lymph- glands in the posterior mediastinum surrounding the esophagus and thoracic aorta. G., Mediastinal, Superior, one of the lymph-glands in the upper por- tion of the mediastinum. G., Meibomian, one of the minute sebaceous follicles between the cartilage and conjunctiva of the eyelids. G. of Meibomius. See G., Meibomian. G., Méry's. See G., Cow- per’s, G., Mesenteric, one of the lymph-glands of the mesentery. G., Meseraic. See G., Mesenteric. G., Mesocolic, one of the lymph-glands in the mes- entery of the colon. G., Miliary. I. (of Boer- Aaave) any one of the sudoriparous glands. 2. (of Mirbel) in biology, one of the minute granules on the green parts of plants. 3. (of Guettard!) a stoma. GLAND G. of Mirbel. See G., Miliary, and G., Globular. G., Molar, one of the large buccal glands situated near the molar teeth, between the masseter and bucci- nator muscles of the cheek. G., Moll's, one of the modified sweat-glands on the free margin of the eye- lids opening into the hair-follicles of the eyelashes. G., Montgomery's, one of the microscopic sebace- ous glands of the areola of the breast. G. of Mor- gagni. See G. of Littre. G., Moriform. See G., Racemose. G., Morrenian, in biology, one of cer- tain glands of worms, as the earth-worm, whose func- tion is that of assimilation. G., Mucilaginous, a name given to one of the fringed processes of synovial membranes. See G., Aazersiana. G., Muciparous. See G., Mucous. G., Mucous, one of the glands in mucous membranes, secreting mucus. G., Mucous, Salivary, a salivary gland mainly secreting mucus. G., Mushroom-shaped, a peculiar accessory male genital organ in certain insects, probably the analogue of the seminal vesicle. G., Musk, the glandular structure in certain animals secreting musk. G. of Naboth (also called follicle of Mačoth), a pathologic vesicle in the mucous membrane of the uterine cer- vical canal. G., Nabothian. See G. of AWaboth. G., Nasal. I. See G., Supra-orbital. 2. (of A'ath/e). See Jacobson's Organ. G., Nasal, Exter- nal, in birds, a gland in the frontal or nasal bone emptying into the nasal cavities. G., Nectar. See G., AWectariferous. G., Nectariferous, in biology, a gland secreting honey or nectar. G., Nerve, the supra-renal capsule. G., Nervous (of the pelvis). See G., Coccygeal. G., Nidamental, in biology, a gland secreting a peculiar viscid material that invests the ova. G., Nuck's. See G., AWuhn's. G., Nuhn's, one of the acinous glands near the apex of the tongue, They are also called AVuck's, Bauhin's, and 8/ondin's glands. G., Occipital, one of the lymph-glands situ- ated over the occipital insertion of the trapezius. G., Odoriferous, one of the glands secreting odoriferous substances, as behind the cervix of the penis, secret- ing the smegma. G., Oil. See G., Sebaceous. G., Oviducal, in Elasmobranchia, a gland connected with the oviduct. G., Oxyntic, one of the glands of the cardiac region of the stomach, supposed to secrete the acid of the gastric juice. G. of Pacchioni. See Aacchionian Bodies. G., Pacchionian. See Pac- chiomian Bodies. G., Palatal. See G., Palaţime. G., Palatine, a small acinous gland that with others forms a continuous layer beneath the mucous membrane of the hard and soft palate. G., Palpebral. See G., AMeibomian. G., Pancreatico-splenic, one of the lymph-glands following the course of the splenic artery and vein. G., Papillary, in biology, a papilla-like gland on the under surface of a leaf of labiate plants. G., Parotic. See G., Parotid. G., Parotid, a large salivary gland situated in front of the ear. G., Parotid, Lymphatic. See G., Auriczz/ar, An- terior. G. of Pecklin. See G., Peyer’s. G., Pec- toral, one of the lymph-glands on the lower portion of the pectoralis major muscle. G., Pepsin. See G., Oxyntic. G., Peptic. See G., Oxyntic. G., Perspiratory. See G., Sudoriparous. G., Petiolar, in botany, a gum-secreting gland occurring on the petiole. G., Peyer's, one of a number of lymph- follicles of the bowel occurring mainly in the ileum. They are especially involved in typhoid fever. G., Peyerian. See G., Peyer's. G., Pharyngeal, one of the racemose glands in the pharyngeal mucous membrane. G., Phrenic, one of the lymph-glands in the lower portion of the anterior mediastinum. G., Pilous. See G., A'air. G., Pineal. See Pinca/ Gland. G., Pituitary, a term for the hypophysis of GLAND 520 the brain. See Pituitary Body. G., Plexiform. See G., Peyer's. G., Poison, a gland in venomous insects and Snakes that secretes the poisonous sub- stance. G., Popliteal, one of the lymph-glands sur- rounding the popliteal vessels. G., Precrural, in com- parative anatomy, one of the lymph-glands following the course of the nervus circumflex ilii. G., Prehyoid, an accessory thyroid gland above the hyoid bone. G., Prelaryngeal, a lymph-gland on the crico-thyroid membrane, between the crico-thyroid muscles. G., Prepectoral, in comparative anatomy one of the lymph-glands surrounding the lower portion of the jug- ular vein. G., Preputial. See G., Tyson’s. G., Pre- scapular, in comparative anatomy, one of the lymph- glands situated beneath the elevator humeri muscle. G., Prostate. See Prostate Gazza!. G., Prostatic. See Prostate Gland. G., Pulmonary, one of the lymph- glands in the pulmonary substance. G., Purple, in Gasteropoda, one of the glands secreting the so-called Tyrian purple. G., Pyloric, one of the glands of the stomach mainly situated near the pylorus and se- creting the gastric juice. G., Racemose, a compound follicular gland resembling a bunch of grapes. It is composed of a number of acini with a single excretory duct. G. of Rathke. See G., AWasal. G., Renal, the suprarenal capsule. G., Reticulate, a lymph- gland containing reticular tissue. G., Retroperito- neal, one of the lymph-glands behind the peritoneum. G., Rivini’s. See G., Sublingual. G., Rosenmül- 1er's. I. The inferior lachrymal gland (accessory of A'osenmüller). It is the fore part of the lachrymal gland, which is separated from the rest of the gland by a fibrous septum. It is also called the palpebral portion of the lachrymal gland. 2. The lymph-gland situated in the crural ring. G., Saccular, a gland formed by a Sacculation of a mucous or serous mem- brane. G., Sacral, one of the lymph-glands on the anterior face of the sacrum. G., Salival. See G., Salivary. G., Salivary, a gland whose function it is to secrete saliva. G., Salivary, External. See G., Parotid'. G., Scapular, one of the lymph-glands near the axillary border of the scapula. G., Scent. See G., Odoriferous. G., Sebaceous. I. One of the minute saccular glands in the corium of the skin, se- creting sebum. 2. See G., Cement. G., Sebiferous. See G., Sebaceous. G., Sebiparous. See G., Seba- ceous. G., Secreting. See G., Secretory. G., Secretory, any gland of the body yielding a secretion. It is an arrangement of cells by which certain ele- ments are separated from the blood that circulates in the capillary vessels which are in contact with the cells. G., Seminal, the testicle. G., Septal, in biology, one of the secreting glands in the septa be- tween the loculi of the ovaries of liliaceous plants. G., Serous. See G., Albuminous. G., Serous, Salivary, one of those salivary glands the secretion of which contains a characteristic albuminous substance, with little or no mucin. G. of Serres. See G., Dental. G., Sexual, the ovary or testis. G., Sim- ple, a gland composed of but one secreting sac, with a single and unbranched tube. G., Skene's, one of the two mucous glands just within the meatus urina- rius of the female; they are frequently the seat of latent gonorrhea. G., Solitary, one of the glands scattered through the mucous membrane of the small intestine. G., Spinning, one of the tubular glands near the anal or oral orifice of certain spiders and other insects; it secretes a viscid material that hardens on exposure to the air. G., Stalked, in botany, a gland situated upon a stalk. G., Staphyl- ine. See G., Palazine. G., Sternal, one of the lymph-glands on the upper costal cartilages, near the GLANDERS sternum. G., Subauricular, one of the lymph-glands situated below and behind the ear. G., Sub-caudal, a gland located near the base of the tail, the secretion from which yields the peculiar penetrating odor of the fox and other animals. G., Subconjunctival. See G., Meibomian. G., Sublingual, the smallest of the salivary glands. There is one on either side be- neath the tongue. G., Submaxillary, a large Sali- vary gland situated in the submaxillary triangle. G., Submaxillary Lymphatic, one of the lymph-glands in the submaxillary triangle. G., Suboccipital. See G., Occipital. G., Substernal. See G., Sternal. G., Suburethral. Same as G. of Cowper. G., Su- doriferous. See G., Sudoriparous. G., Sudorip- arous, one of the peculiarly convoluted glands in the subcutaneous connective tissue that secrete the sweat. G., Supraclavicular. See G., Cervical, Inferior, Deep. G., Supra-hyoid, one of the small lymph-glands between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles. G., Supra-orbital, in biology, a gland in the orbit of birds communicating with the nasal passages. G., Suprarenal, the Suprarenal cap- sules. G., Sweat. See G., Sudoriparous. G., Tarsal. See G., Meibomian. G., Tarso-conjunc- tival. See G., Meibomian. G., Tartar, one of the hypothetic glands thought to secrete the tartar of the teeth. G., Temporary, the name occasionally given to the Graafian follicle. G., Thoracic, Deep, one of the lymph-glands situated on the outer surface of the serratus magnus muscle. G., Thoracic, Super- ficial. See G., Pectoral. G., Thymus, a tempo- rary organ lying mainly in the neck, attaining its full growth at two years and practically disappearing at puberty. G., Thyroid, a ductless lobulated gland situated in the lower middle ventral portion of the neck, in front of the trachea and below the thyroid cartilage. G., Tibial, Anterior, a lymph-gland on the anterior surface of the interosseous ligament of the leg. G., Tracheal, one of the minute ovoid acinous glands in the tracheal mucous membrane, especially on its posterior surface. G., Trachoma (of Henle). See G., Aggregated (of Bruch). G., Tubular, a gland composed mainly of a tube-like structure. G., Tubular, Compound, one composed of a number of small tubules with a single duct. G., Tympanic, a swelling upon the tympanic nerve, situated near or within the tympanic canal, and believed to be of the same nature as the coccygeal gland. G., Tyson’s, one of the sebaceous glands on the corona of the glans penis and on the prepuce. See G., Odoriſer- ous. G., Urethral. See G. of Zittré and G., Sáenze’s. G., Uropygial, the oil-secreting gland sit- uated over the coccyx of birds. G., Uterine, one of numerous tubular follicles in the uterine mucous membrane, secreting the so-called uterine milk. G., Utricular. I. In biology, one of the spaces in the epidermis filled with a colorless fluid. 2. See G., Oferine. G., Vaginal, one of the acinous glands in the vaginal mucous membrane. G., Venenific. See G., Poison. G., Veneniparous. See G., Poison. G., Vesalius’s, one of the pulmonary and bronchial mucous glands. G., Vesicular. See G., UAEricle/ar (1st def). G., Vulvo-vaginal. See G. of Bartho- lin. G., Wax, in insects, one of the glands of the surface secreting a wax-like material. G., Weber’s, one of the tubular mucous glands of the tongue situated chiefly near the root. G., Yolk, the vitellarium, g. v. G., Zeiss's, one of the sebaceous glands of the eye- lashes. G., Zygomatic. See G., Auricular, Anſerior. Glanderous (glam/-der-us), or Glandery (glam/-der-e) [glandula, a gland]. Affected with glanders. Glanders (glam/-derz). A contagious disease of horses, GLANDILEMMA sometimes communicated to man. For staining the microörganism of glanders see Schutz's Method, Aïhne's Method, or Zaffler’s Method, under Stains, Table of See Equinia. Glandilemma (glam-dil-em/-ah) [glans, gland; Wéupia, husk]. The capsular covering of a gland. Glandula (gland/-u-lah) [L. : pl., Glandula]. A little gland. Glandular (gland/-u-lar) [glandula, a gland]. Re- lating to, or of the nature of, a gland. G. Hypertro- phy, a term used to indicate an enlargement of a lymph-gland, without any appreciable cause. G. Pes- tilence, synonym of the Plague, g. v. G. Plague, synonym of the Plague, g. v. Glandule(gland/-äl)[glandula, a gland]. A small gland. Glandulin (gland/-u-lin) [glanaula, a gland]. Ex- tract of gland-tissue. Glans (glanz) [glans, a corn]. I. The head of the penis or of the clitoris. 2. A gland; an enlarged gland. 3. A suppository or pessary. 4. In botany, a nut. The name applied to fruits like the filbert, acorn, chestnut, etc. G. clitoridis, the small round tubercle of the clitoris analogous to the glans penis of the male. G. penis, the conical-shaped body form- ing the head of the penis. Glareose (g/dir/-e-Öz) [glarea, gravel]. growing in gravel. Glaser’s Fissure. See Fºssure. Glaserian Artery. See Arteries, Zable of. G. Fissure. See Aºsszere. Glaserius, Fissure of. See Fissure. Glasgow Committee. See Anesthetic. Glass (glas) [ME., glas, glass]. A brittle, hard, and transparent substance consisting usually of the fused, amorphous silicates of potassium and calcium, or sodium and calcium, with an excess of silica. When glass of a high refractive index is required, lead silicate is also added. G.-blowers' Cramp. See Cramp. G.-blowers’ Disease, a term formerly used to desig- nate any infectious disease of the lips, especially syphi- litic eruptions. Also, applied to pulmonary emphy- sema. G.-blowers’ Patch, a condition of the dor- sum of the tongue very similar to smokers’ patch, and due to an analogous cause. G., Crown, a very hard glass, made from sodium sulphate or lime, without lead. It has a low refractive index, but consider- able chromatic dispersion. It is used for making lenses for optic instruments. G., Flint, that com- posed of lead and potassium silicates. It has a very high refractive index. G. Slides. See Shales. G., Soluble, potassium or sodium silicate. Glasses (glasſ-es) [ME., glas, glass]. A synonym of spectacles or eye-glasses. G., Bifocal, those that have a different refracting power in the upper part from that in the lower, G., Hyperbolic, those ground in the form of an hyperbola. G., Periscopic, those in which the curvature of one surface exceeds that of the other. See Meniscus, G., Prismatic, those formed of prisms; used in insufficiency and paralysis of the ocular muscles. G., Protective, for shielding the eyes against light; they are made of London smoke or blue glass. G., Spheric, those ground in the form of a sphere. G. Stenopaic, those consisting of a blackened disc of metal in which is placed a small round hole or a narrow slit; they are used for examining astigmatic eyes. Glassy Degeneration. See Degeneration. G. Swelling, a synonym of amyloid infiltration. Glauber’s Salt. See Sodium. - Glaucedo (glaw-se/-do) [L]. Glaucoma. Glaucescence (glaw-sesſ-ens) [glaucescens]. A bluish- gray or sea-green luster or bloom; the quality of being somewhat glaucous. In botany, 521 GLEOGENE Glaucescent (glazy-ses’-ent) [yżavkóç, silvery]. In biology, slightly glaucous, or bluish-gray. Glaucin (glazv/-sin) [yżavkóg, sea-green]. Cow-pox; so-called from the color of the pocks. Glaucium (glazº/-se-um) [y/aiktov, horn-poppy]. A genus of papaveraceous herbs; horn-poppy. G. luteum and G. corniculatum are acrid herbs, with diuretic and alterative properties. Unof. Glaucoma (glaw-Ao’-mah)|[y*avkóç, sea-green]. A dis- ease of the eye the essential and characteristic symp- tom of which is an abnormally heightened intraocular tension, resulting in hardness of the globe, excavation of the papilla or optic disc, a restriction of the field of vision, corneal anesthesia, colored halo about lights, and lessening of visual power that may, if unchecked, proceed to blindness. The etiology is obscure. G. absolutum, or consummatum, the completed glau- comatous process, with blindness. G. acutum, the first or the renewed attack, with the characteristic and inflammatory symptoms, generally intermitting after a few days. G., Auricular, a disease of the middle ear characterized by a great increase in the intra-labyrinth- ine pressure. G. evolutum, the second stage of glau- coma. G. fulminans, an acute attack coming on with great suddenness and violence. G. haemorrha- gicum, or apoplecticum, that associated with retinal hemorrhage. G. malignum, a grave form, attended with violent pain and rapidly leading to blindness. G., Secondary, that consequent upon other ocular diseases. G. simplex, that form without inflammatory symptoms. Glaucomatous (glazy-Köm/-at-us) [yżavKóc, sea-green]. Affected with or pertaining to glaucoma. Glaucosis (glazy-ko/-sis) [y/avkóg, sea-green]. blindness resulting from glaucoma. Glaucosuria (glaze-Åo-su/-re-ah) [YZavkóc, sea-green; oùpov, urine]. The presence of indican in the urine, which is thereby discolored. Glaucous (glaze/-kus) [yżavkóg, sea-green]. Of a blue-gray or dull sea-green tint; having a blue, or pale-green luster covered with a silvery bloom, as the leaves of the cabbage. Glaukuria (glaw-ku/-re-ah). See Glaucosuria. Glaux (glawés) [yżaíš, yżāş, the milk-vetch]. A genus of primulaceous herbs. G. maritima, salt-wort, is said to be an effective galactagogue. Unof. Glea (gle/-ah) [yżota, glue]. A mucilaginous sub- stance secreted by many inferior organisms, and which frequently serves as a matrix in which they lie em- bedded. Glean (glen) [origin obscure]. The afterbirth of a domestic animal. Gleet (glet) [ME., glet, gleet]. The chronic stage of urethritis, with muco-purulent discharge. Gleety (gle/-te) [ME., glet, gleet]. Thin and ichor- ous; resembling the discharge of gleet. Glénard's Disease. See Diseases, Table of Glene (gle/-me) [3%ffvi), pit]. I. The glenoid cavity. 2. The interior of the eye. Obsolescent. Gleno-humeral (gle/-no-hu/-mer-al) [yżffym, pit; hu- merus, the humerus]. Pertaining to the glenoid cavity. and to the humerus. Glenoid (gle/-noid) [yºffvn, a cavity; eiðog, form]. Hav- ing a shallow cavity; pertaining to a shallow cavity. G. Cavity, the articular depression in the head of the Scapula. G. Fossa. See Fossa. Glenoin (gle-mo/-in). Same as Trinitrim. Glenovertebral (gle/-no-ver/-te-bral) [YAffin, a cavity; vertebra, a vertebra]. Pertaining to the glenoid and vertebral borders of the scapula. Gleogene (gle/-o-jān) [??otóg, a sticky substance; glue; Yevåg, producing]. In biology, secreting a glairy, mucilaginous substance. The GLIA Glia (gli’-ah) [YAia, glue]. The neuroglia; bindweb. It contains peculiar cells called glia-cells. G.-cells. See Deiſers’ Cells. - GLIA-CELL. X 800. Gliadin (g/i/-ad-in) [YWia, glue]. A proteid obtainable from wheat-gluten; it is tenacious and gelatinous when moist, brittle and glassy when dry. Also a syno- nym of Æematin. See G/utem. Gliding Movement (gli/-ding moov/-ment). The most simple kind of movement that can take place in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another, with- out any angular or rotary movement. Glioma (gli-o’-mah) [yāta, glue; dua, a tumor: Al., Gliomata]. A variety of round-celled sarcoma, con- sisting of a tumor of neuroglia-cells, occurring in the central mass of the brain or of the spinal cord. G. of the Retina (“encephaloid of the retina”), a glioma springing from the connective tissue of the retina, usually occurring in the young, and involv- ing the choroid, optic nerve, and extending finally into the brain. G., Pseudo-, of the Retina, meta- static purulent choroiditis, simulating the appearance of retinal glioma. Gliomatosis (gll-o-mat-o/-sis) [YWła, glue ; Śpia, a tu- mor; pl., Gliomatoses]. The aggregation of exuber- ant masses of glioma-like tissue in the spinal cord—a condition thought to precede the development of syringomyelia. Gliomatous (gll-o'-mat-us) [YWia, glue; 6/la, a tumor]. Of the nature of, or affected with, glioma. Gliomyxoma (gli-o-miks-o'-mah) [YWia, glue; pliga, mucus; 69a, a tumor: £4., Gliomyxomata). A tumor having the characters of both glioma and myxoma. Gliosarcoma (gli-o-sar-ko'-mah) [YWia, glue; odpę, flesh; 69a, a tumor: pl., Gliosarcomataj. A tumor with both the neuroglia-cells of glioma and the fusi- form cells of sarcoma. Gliosis (gli-o/-sis) [YWia, glue; v6ooç, disease]. A brain- disease marked by foci of Sclerosed gray substance, with the formation of lacunar spaces within the foci. It differs from ordinary diffused sclerosis in its histol- ogy and symptomatology. Glischruria (glis-Aru/-re-ah) [y/toxpoc, viscid; otpov, urine]. Mucous degeneration of the urine, supposed to be due to the presence of a microörganism, the Bacterium g/ischrogenzem. - Glisson’s Capsule. See Capsule. Glissonian Cirrhosis. Synonym of Perihepatitis. See also Diseases, Table of Glister (glis/-ter). A clyster or enema. Globe of the Eye. The eyeball. Globiferous (glo-biſ/-er-us) [globus, a ball; ferre, to bear]. In biology, applied to antennae or similar structures bearing a large globose joint. Globin (glo'-bin) [globus, a globe]. A proteid deriv- able from hemoglobin. There is also a class of similar proteids grouped together as globins. Globinometer (glo-bin-om/-et-er) [globus, a globe; ſuët- pov, a measure]. An instrument devised with special reference to the calculation of the percentage-amount of oxyhemoglobin in a given amount of blood. Globo-cellular (glo/-60-se/-u-lar) [globus, a globe; ce//a, a cell]. Round-celled, as globo-cellular sarcoma. 522 GLOCHIDIUM Globoid (glo/-boid) [globus, a round body; eiðoç, form]. In biology, a globular or amorphous particle of the double phosphate of calcium and magnesium, often found associated with crystalloids in protein-granules. Globose (glo-basſ) [globosus, round as a ball]. Spher- ic in form, or nearly So. - Globular (glob/-u-lar). [dim. of globus, a globe]. Hav- ing the shape of a globe or sphere. Globularia (glob-u-la/-re-ah) [globulus, a little ball]. A genus of selaginaceous herbs and shrubs. G. aly- pum, of the old world, affords leaves that are a good substitute for senna. G. puticosa and G. vulgaris have similar properties. Globule (glob/-äl) [dim, of globus, a ball]. A small globe; a blood-corpuscle or lymph-corpuscle. In bi- ology, any minute spheric structure. In pharmacy, a small pill or pellet. See also Oi!-globule. G. of Donné. See Blood-plates and Hematoblast. G. in Pulp, a globular mass of dentine within the sub- stance of the dental pulp. - Globulicidal (glob-u-lis-à’-dal) [globulus, a little ball; cadere, to kill]. Destructive to the blood-corpuscles. Globulicide (glob-u/-ſis-ia) [globulus, a globule; cadere, to kill]. I. Destructive of blood-cells. 2. An agent that destroys blood-cells. Globulimeter (glob-u-lim/-et-er) [globulus, a little ball; gétpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the corpuscular richness of blood. - Globulin (glob/-u-lin), Iglobulus, a little ball]. I. A general name for various proteids comprising globulin, vitellin, paraglobulin, or serum-globulin, fibrinogen, myosin, and globin, which differ from the albumins in not being soluble in water; one species, existing in the crystalline lens, is specially designated as globulin. They are insoluble in distilled water, but soluble in dilute neutral saline solutions. These solutions are coagulated by heat, and precipitated by a large amount of water. They yield acid-albumin when acted upon by dilute acids, and alkali-albumin when acted upon by dilute alkalies. Vegetable Globulins have been studied, and named vegetable myosin, zitellin, and paraglobulin, they are found in the seeds of plants. 2. A blood-platelet. • Globulinuria (glob-u-lin-u’-re-ah) [globulus, a little ball; oipov, urine]. The presence of globulin in the Ulrl Iſle. Globulism (glob/-u-lizm) [globulus, a little ball]. The administration of medicine in globules; homeopathy. Globulose (glob/-u-lós) [globulus, a little ball]. Any product of the gastric digestion of a globulin. Globulus (glob/-u-lus) [L.]. The AVucleus globuliformis of the cerebellum. It is a mass of gray matter between the fastigatum and the embolus. - Globus (glo/-bus) [L.]. A ball or globe. G. epidid- ymis. See AEpididymis. G. hystericus, the “lump” or choking sensation occurring in hysteria, caused probably by spasmodic contraction of the esophageal and pharyngeal muscles. G. major, the larger end or head of the epididymis. G. minor, the lower end of the epididymis. G. pallidus, the inner and lighter part of the lenticular nucleus. Glochidiate (glo-Aid/-e-āt) [yāoxic, a projecting point]. In biology, barbed. Tipped with barbs, or with a doubly-hooked point. Glochidium (g/o-kid/-e-um) [yżoxic, a projecting point: p., Glochidia]. In biology, a stage in the development of lamellibranchiate molluscs [Onio, Anodon], the ova of which develop up to a certain stage in the gill-pouches of the parent, and remain there as glochidia until some fish or wading-bird comes into their vicinity, when the glochidia issue forth, and, Swimming as Pectens by the flapping of their valves, GLOCHIS attach themselves, like external parasites, to the animal whose presence has stimulated their efforts; here they become encysted and transformed into young Unios or Anadons. 2 Glochis (glo/-äis) [YWožíg, a projecting point : A/., Glochines]. In biology, a barbed spine or point. Glome (glom) [glomus, a ball]. Same as Glomerule. Glomerate (glom/-er-at) [glomerare, to wind around]. A descriptive term applied to any gland consisting of vessels bunched together like a ball of thread ; con- glomerate. Glomerule (glom/-er-āl) [dim. of glomus, a ball of yarn]. In biology, a capitate cyme; a cluster of Spores. Glomerulitis (glom-er-at-li/-täs) [glomerulus, a small ball ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glom- eruli of the kidney. Glomerulo-nephritis (glom-er/-u-lo-neſ-ri/-tis) [glom- erulus, a little ball ; veſppóg, the kidney; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney. Glomerulus, or Glomerule (glom-er/-w-ſus, or glom/- er-āl) [dim. of glomus, a ball]. A knot or small rounded mass. A coil of arterial blood-vessels pro- jecting into the capsular widening of the lumen of each uriniferous tubule and with it composing the Malpighian body peculiar to the vertebrate kidney. G. Malpighii. See Malpighian Bodies. G., Olfactory, a group of nerve-cells, a number of which are embedded in the olfactory nerve-fibers. Glonoin (glo-mo/-in). See AVitroglycerin. Gloriosa (glo-re-o/-sah) [gloriosus, glorious]. A genus of splendid liliaceous plants with poisonous juices. G. superba, of India, is alterative and tonic, and its starch is said to cure hemorrhoids. Unof. Glossa (glosſ-aft) [YWögga, the tongue]. The tongue; also the faculty of articulate speech. Glossagra (glos-a/-grah) [y*600a, tongue; āypa, seiz- ure]. Gouty pain in the tongue. Glossal (glos/-al) [YWºoga, tongue]. Pertaining to the tongue. - Glossalgia (glos-a/-je-ah) [YWöGoa, tongue ; āAyoc, pain]. Any pain in the tongue, especially neuralgia of the tongue. Glossanthrax (glos-an/-thražs). thrax. - Glossarium (glos-a/-re-um) [y*āooa, a tongue: pl., Glossaria]. In biology, the slender, elongated labrum of a dipterous insect, as the mosquito. - Glossate (glos/-ät) [y*óooa, tongue]. In biology, having a tongue or glossa; applied to suctorial as dis- tinguished from mandibulate insects. Glossauxesis (glos-awks-e'-sis) [y*ógoa, tongue; aiš- mouc, increase]. Enlargement of the tongue. Glossectomy (glos-eč/-to-me) [YWöcoa, tongue; #ktopſ, excision]. Amputation or excision of the tongue. Glossitic § -āk) [y*@ooa, tongue; trug, inflamma- tion]. Pertaining to or affected with glossitis. Glossitis (glos-i/-tis) [YWöGoa, tongue; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the tongue. G., Dissect- ing, a form of chronic Superficial glossitis character- ized by deep furrows upon the tongue that appear to penetrate into the mucous membrane. G., Idiopath- ic. Same as G., Parenchymatous. G., Interstitial. Same as G., Parenchymatous. G., Parasitic, an in- flammation of the tongue said to be due to parasitic vegetations. It is also called Glossophytia. G., Paren- chymatous, an inflammation of the tongue involving its substance as well as the mucous membrane. Glosso- (glosſ-o-) [y*Čaoa, tongue]. A prefix denot- ing connection with the tongue. Glossocele (gdos'-o-sel) [YWºoga, tongue; káàm, tumor]. Synonym of An- 523 GLOSSOTHECA Swelling or edema of the tongue, with consequent ex- trusion of the organ. Glossodesmus (glos-o-dez/-mus) [Y2000a, tongue; 6eoplóg, bond]. The frenum linguæ. Glossodynia (glos-o-dim/-e-a/ ) [7%óGoa, tongue; ööövm, pain]. Pain in the tongue, sometimes accom- panied by exfoliation of its epithelium. Glosso-epiglottic (glosſ-o-eft-e-g/ot/-ić) [Y260aa, tongue; ŚttyWottig, epiglottis]. Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis. Glosso-epiglottidean Ligament. See Ligament. Glossograph (glosſ-o-graf) [y/Gaga, tongue ; Ypápetv, to write]. An instrument for registering the move- ments of the tongue in speech. Glossography (glos-og/-ra-ſe) [Y26aga, tongue; Ypáq- etv, to write]. A descriptive treatise upon the tongue. Glossohyal (glos-o-hi/-al) [y/daga, tongue; ioetóżc, the hyoid bone]. Pertaining to the tongue and the hyoid bone. Glossoid (glosſ-oid) [Y260aa, tongue; eiðog, appear- ance]. Resembling a tongue. Glossolalia (glos-o-la/-le-ah) [Y2000a, tongue; Zaztá, speech]. The alleged speaking in foreign or unknown tongues by somnambulists. Glossology (glos-o/-0-7e) [Y2.Édoa, tongue; 26) oc, a treatise]. A treatise concerning the tongue. Glossolysis (glos-o/-is-is) [576aoa, tongue; Züouc, a loosening]. Paralysis of the tongue. Glossomegistus (glos-o-me-jiš/-tus). Glossitis, Parenchymatous. Glossoncus (glos-ong/-kus) [Y2000a, tongue; Śykog, tumor]. A swelling of the tongue. Glossopathy (glos-op/-ath-e) [X2.Éaga, tongue; Tá60ſ, disease]. Any disease of the tongue. Glosso-pharyngeal (glosſ-o-far-in/-je-a!) [3%jooa, tongue; påpvyš, pharynx]. Pertaining to the tongue and the pharynx. See AVerzes, Table of Glosso-pharyngeus (glosſ-o-far-in/-je-zes) [Y2000a, tongue; pápvyš, pharynx]. A portion of the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx. See Muscles, Table of Glossophyte (glosſ-o-fit) [yżóoga, tongue; plant]. A parasitic vegetation growing on tongue. Glossophytia (glos-o-fit/-e-ah)[yżóGoa, tongue; gºvtóv, a plant]. Black tongue. A dark discoloration of the tongue, due to accumulations of spores, dead epi- thelium, and accidental impurities. Glossoplasty (glosſ-o-plas-fe) [yżóoga, tongue; Tââo- oeuv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the tongue. Synonym of Øvröv, the Glossoplegia (glos-o-ple/-je-a/.) [Y2000a, tongue; Tâmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of the tongue. Glossoptosis ºglos-of-to/-sis) [yżóoga, tongue; TTöctſ, a fall]. Synonym of Macroglossia. Glossorrhagia (glos-or-a/-je-ah) [yżóGoa, tongue; bmyvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the tongue. Glossorrhaphy (glos-or/-af-e) [YWögga, tongue; bagh, suture]. Surgical suturing of the tongue. Glossoscopy (glos-osſ-ko-fºe) [YWöoga, tongue; okoteiv, to inspect]. Diagnostic inspection of the tongue. Glossosemeiotics (glos - o - sem - e - ot’ - iás) [3%öGoa, tongue; amuelóetv, to mark]. The study or science of the diagnostic and prognostic signs exhibited by the tongue. Glossospasm, or Glossospasmus (glosſ-o-spagm, or glos-o-spa2/-mus) [y?&ooſa, tongue ; a ſtaguóg, Spasm]. Spasm of the tongue. Glossosteresis (g/os-o-sfer-eſ-sis) [yżóoga, tongue; otépmouc, privation]. Surgical excision of the tongue; absence of the tongue. Glossotheca (glos-o-the'-kah) [yżóGoa, tongue; 6%km, GLOSSOTILT a case: pl., Glossothecae]. In biology, that part of a pupa-case inclosing the sucking-organ of an insect. Glossotilt (glosſ-o-tilt) [yżóGoa, tongue; Tiºeuv, Túróg, to pull]. An instrument by which the tongue is drawn forward during the process of artificial respi- ration. Glossotomy (glos-of/-o-me) [y*@oga, tongue; tāuvetv, to cut]. The dissection of the tongue. Also, the ex- cision of the tongue. - Glossy Skin. A peculiar neurosis of the skin, charac- terized by a smooth, shining, red appearance, accom- panied by intense burning pain. See Atrophoderma neuriticum. Glossypertrophia, or Glossypertrophy (glos-e-per- tro/-fe-a/, or -per/-tro-fe)[yżóGoa, tongue; iTép, over; Tpopff, nutrition]. Hypertrophy of the tongue. Glottagra (glot-a/-grah) [y*6tra, tongue; &Ypa, seiz- ure]. Glossagra. Glottal (glot/-al) [YWorrig, glottis]. Pertaining to the glottis. Glottalgia (glot-a/-je-ah) [YWörta, tongue; &Ayoc, pain]. Glossalgia. Glottic (glot/-ić) [yżóTTa, tongue]. I. Pertaining to the tongue. 2. Pertaining to the glottis. Glottid (glot/-īd) [y/ortig, glottis]. An act of the vo- cal bands whereby the form of the glottis is changed; also, any sound produced by such a change. Glottidean (glot-id’-e-an) [YWottic, glottis]. ing to the glottis. Glottis (glot/-is) [YWottic ; YWótta, tongue]. The rima glottidis. The opening between the arytenoid cartilages, or the interval between the vocal bands; also, the structures collectively that surround that opening. Over it is the epiglottis, a thin lamella of cartilage covering the larynx during deglutition. Glottiscope (glot/-is-Åop) [yżottig, glottis; akoſtelv, to inspect]. A form of laryngoscope. Glottitis (glot-i/-tis). See Glossitis. Glottology (glot-o/-o-je). See Glossology. Glove ( º [ME., glove, a glove]. A protection for the hand, with separate partitions for each finger; it is used therapeutically in certain skin-diseases of the hand; also as a guard against septic poisoning. G. Alpha- bet. See Dalgarno A/p/abet. Glovers’ Stitch (gluv/-erg stitch). suture in surgery. See Suture. Glucinum (glu-si”-num). See Beryllium. Glucogen (glu'-ko-jen). See Glycogen. Glucohemia (glu-ko-he/-me-a/). See Glycohemia. Gluco-heptose (glu/-ko-hep/-täs). See Carbohydrates, Table of - - Glucometer (glu-kom/-et-er). Gluconic Acid (glu-kon/-ić). Pertain- The continuous See Glycymeter. See Acid. Glucose (g/u/-kós) [Y/vküç, Sweet], CsPII,Os, Grape- sugar, Starch-sugar. A substance obtained from starch by the action of the natural ferment, diastase, and by the catalytic action of mineral acids. It is less soluble, and therefore less sweet, than cane- sugar, but equally nutritious. It is much used as an adulterant of cane-sugar. Its varieties are numerous, dextrose and levulose being the best known. Dextrose differs from levulose in its behavior to the polarized ray of light, which is turned by the former to the right, and by the latter to the left. Glucose crystallizes in nodular masses, melting at 86°F. See Carbohydrates, Table of. G. Vinegar. See Vinegar. Glucosid (glu/-ko-sid) [YWvküç, sweet]. Any member of a series of compounds that may be resolved by the presence of an acid into glucose and another principle. , Glucosin (g/u/-ko-sin) [yºvküç, sweet]. Any one of a series of ptomaine-bases obtained by the action of ammonia on glucose. One of these, ClaRio N.(C=6), 524 GLUMACEOUS corresponds in formula and general properties with a remarkable unnamed base formed during the alcoholic fermentation of sugar or molasses, Morin’s base, C, Hio N, ; a colorless, strongly refracting, very mobile oil, with a nauseous, pyridin-like odor. It causes stupor, paralysis, impairment of sensibility, dilatation of the pupils, slowing of the pulse and depression of the temperature, coma, and death. Similar alkaloidal bases have also been found in petroleum, paraffin-oil, chloroform, benzole, ether, amyl alcohol, and in most Solvents in common use. Glucosis (glu-ko/-sis). Same as Glycosuria. Glucosuria (glu-ko-su/-re-ah). See Glycosuria. Glue (glu) [gluere, to draw together]. A decomposi- tion-product of many nitrogenous animal tissues. These lose their organized structure, on heating with water, swell up, and gradually go into solution. The solutions, even when very dilute, gelatinize on cooling, forming a jelly that dries to a horny translu- cent mass. This mass is glue, or gelatin, as the finer grades are termed. It dissolves in hot water and forms a liquid possessing notable cementing-power. Two proximate principles seem to be present as char- acteristic in all preparations of glue : glutine, ob- tained chiefly from the hide and larger bones, and chondrin, from the young bones while yet in the soft state, and the cartilages of the ribs and joints. Of these the former much exceeds the latter in adhesive power. Hide-glue is the variety that shows most strongly the adhesive property. Its color may vary considerably without any impairment of its adhesive power. It is usually of a gray to amber or brown- yellow color, and translucent or partially opaque. It should be clear, dry, and hard, and possess a glassy frac- ture. It should swell up but not dissolve in cold water, but should dissolve in water at 62.5°C. (I44.5° F.). Cologne Glue is manufactured from scrap-hide which, after liming, is carefully bleached in a chlorid-of-lime bath and then thoroughly washed. Aussian G/ue con- tains some inorganic admixture. It is of a dirty-white color, and contains from four to eight per cent. of white lead, chalk, zinc-white, or barytes. Size-glaze and Parchment-glue are both skin-glues prepared with special care. Bone-glue or Bone-gelatin is a clear product free from offensive odor. It is much used for culinary purposes and for medicinal applications, and for fining or clarifying wines, etc. It is largely used in the manufacture of gelatin capsules, of court-plaster, and of gelatin emulsions with bromid and chlorid of silver for coating photographic dry plates. Patent Glue is a very pure variety of bone- glue of deep dark-brown color. It is very glossy and swells up very much in water. Zsinglass, or Fish-gel- afin, is the finest and best of animal glues. It is pure white, nearly transparent, dry and horny in texture, and free from smell. It dissolves in water at from 35° to 50° C. (95° to 122°F.) without any residue, and in cooling produces an almost colorless jelly. Miquid Glue. By the action of nitric or acetic acid upon a solution of glue its power to gelatinize may be completely dissipated, while its adhesive power is not at all interfered with. Gluge's Corpuscles. Compound granular corpuscles; compound granule-cells. Larger or 'smaller cells densely crowded with droplets of fat, occurring in tissues that are the seat of fatty degeneration. By transmitted light the globules of fat show as black dots, and the whole corpuscle looks like a mulberry. They are the only pathognomonic evidences of soften- ing of nerve-tissue. Glumaceous (glu-ma/-she-us) [gluma, a husk]. In biology, possessing chaff-like bracts or glumes. GLUME Glume (gām) [gluma, a hull or husk]. In biology, one of the floral envelops in the grasses. Glumellule (glu-me/-äl). Same as Zodicule. Glusi dum (g/u/-sid um) [YWvküç, sweet], C.H,- <$8- NH. Saccharin. Benzoyl-sulphonic-imid, a coal-tar derivative. It is an intensely sweet, white powder, 200 times as sweet as cane-sugar. It is anti- septic, and is used to disguise the taste of nauseous medicine. It may be used as a sweetening-agent in diabetes and in the treatment of corpulency. Glutaric Acid (glu-tar/-i}). See Acid. Gluteal (glu/-te-al) [Yāovróg, the buttock]. Pertain- ing to the buttocks. G. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. G. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of. G. Nerve. See AVerves, Zable of G. Reflex. See Reſexes, Table of. Gluten (g/u/-ten) [gluten, glue]. A substance re- sembling albumin, with which it is probably identical. It occurs abundantly in the seed of cereals, in the form of cubic cells surrounding the starchy fecula of the seed. It consists mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten- casein, gliadin, and mucedin. G.-bread, a variety of non-starch-containing bread for use by diabetics. It is made as follows: Take one quart of sweet milk, or milk and water, one heaping teaspoonful of good butter, one-fifth of a cake of compressed yeast beaten up with a little water, and two eggs well beaten. Stir in the gluten-flour until a soft dough is formed, knead as in making ordinary bread, put in pans to raise, and when light, bake in a hot oven. G.-soap, a bland and soothing variety of soap, containing a considerable proportion of gluten. Gluteo-femoral (glu'-te-o-fem/-or-al) [yāovróg, the but- tock; femur, the femur]. Relating to the buttock and the thigh. ~, Gluteus (glu-te/-us) [yāovróg, the buttock]. One of the large muscles of the buttock. See Muscles, Table of Glutin (g/u/-tim). See Glue. Glutition (glu-tish/-um) [glutire, to swallow]. Deglu- tition. - Glutitis (glu-fi/-tis) [yāovróg, buttock; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation or suppuration of a buttock. Glyceleum (g/i-seſ-le-um) [YAvicic, sweet; £2atov, oil]. A mixture of glycerin 2 parts, olive oil 6 parts, al- mond-meal I part; it is used as a base for ointments. Glycemia (gli-se/-me-ah) [yāvküç, sweet; aipia, blood]. The presence of glucose in the blood. Glycerid (glis/-er-id) [YWvkepóg, sweet]. A compound ether of the triatomic alcohol, glycerol or glycerin. Some of the glycerids exist ready-formed, as natural fats, in the bodies of plants and animals, and many more may be produced artificially by the action of an acid upon glycerol. Glycerin, Glycerinum (glis/-er-in, glis-er-i/-num)[yāv- kepóg, sweet], C.Hs(HO)s. Propenyl hydrate. A vis- cous, syrupy, colorless substance derived from certain fats—mainly palm-oil—by decomposing them with superheated steam. Pure glycerin is an emollient; the impure article an irritant to the skin. Dose gj-ij. It is an efficient internal remedy in acne and flatulence, and may be used in rectal enemata or in suppositories with soap or gelatin (ſº), in chronic constipation. See Glycerol. Glycerinum acidi carbolici (B. P.), glycerin 4, carbolic acid I. G. acid. gallici (B. P.), gallic acid I, glycerin 4. G. acid. tannici B. P.), tannic acid I, glycerin 4. G. aluminis B. P.), alum I, glycerin 5. G. boracis (B. P.), borax I, glycerin 4, distilled water 2. G. plumbi subacetat. (B. P.), acetate of lead 5, oxid of lead 3%, glycerin 20, distilled water I2. G. traga- canthae (B. P.), tragacanth 3, glycerin I2, distilled 525 GLYCOCYAMIN water 2. Glycerini, Suppos. (B.P.), each contains 70 per cent. by weight of glycerin. Glycerin-Cupric Test (for sugar); to an inch of potassium hydrate in a test-tube add a few drops of copper sulphate and a few drops of glycerin Boil and add the sus- pected urine by small amounts up to less than one inch in the tube. Sugar will throw out the cuprous oxid, red or yellow. G.-Jelly, a valuable preparation for the treatment of eczema. It is made as follows: Gelatin, 4 drams; oxid of zinc, 2% drams; glycerin, % ounce; water, 6 drams. Heat the water, dissolve the gelatin in it, then add the glycerin and zinc, and stir till cold. Before using, the jelly is melted by gentle heat in a water-bath, and applied with a soft brush. See Mounting-media. Glycerinum (glis-er-i/-num) [y?vkepóg sweet; gen., glycerini : pl., Glycerina]. I. Glycerin, g. v. 2. A solution of some medicinal agent in glycerin, g. v. Glycerite, or Glyceritum (glis/-er-it or glis-er-i/-tum) [y?vkepóg, sweet]. A mixture of medicinal substances with glycerin. There are six official glycerites, besides several others in the National Formulary. G. acidi carbolici, carbolic acid 2, glycerin 8. G. acidi tan- nici, tannic acid 2, glycerin 8. G. amyli. See Amylum. G. vitelli. See Vitel/us. Glycerize (glis/-er-iz) [YAvkepóg, sweet]. mix with glycerin. Glycerol (glis/-er-61) [yżvkepóg, sweet], CsPisCs. Glyc- erin; a substance produced in small quantities in the alcoholic fermentation of sugar. It is prepared exclu- sively from the fats and oils. It is a thick, colorless syrup, of specific gravity I. 265 at 15°C. It has a pure, sweet taste, hence its name. Glycerose (glis/-er-ás) [y?vkepóg, sweet], CsPI30s. Triose; a substance derived from glycerol. It is the lowest glucose, and is a mixture of glycerol aldehyd and dioxy-acetone. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Glyceryl (glis/-er-i/) [Y2vkepóg, sweet]. A designation applied to the trivalent group CH, CH.CH2. It is the hypothetic triatomic radicle of glycerol and the glycerids, and is also called propenyl. G. Borate. See Boroglycerin. - Glycid (gli/-sid) [yżvküç, sweet], C.H.O.. An anhy- drid of glycerin, not yet isolated. G. Compounds, certain compounds formed from glycerol-derivatives by the loss of H2O or HCl. These are again readily converted into glycerol-derivatives. Glycin (gli/-sin) [yżvküç, sweet], C, H, NO. Also called Glycocol and Glycocin, Amido-acetic Acid, or Gelatin-sugar. It does not occur in the free state in the animal body, but enters into the composition of several important substances, as hippuric and glycochol- ic acids. It is acid in reaction, and has a sweet taste. It crystallizes in large, colorless, hard rhombohedra, or To treat or four-sided prisms, easily soluble in water. See G/y- cocol. Glycina (glis-à/-mah). Soya-bean. See Soja. Glycocholic Acid (gli-Ko-Kol/-ić) [yżvkic, sweet; 20%, bile]. An acid found in the bile. See Acid. Glycocid (gli/-Åo-sid). See Glucosid. Glycocin (g//-Åo-sin). See Glycin. Glycocol (gli/-ko-Ko/) [yāvküç, sweet; kóża, glue]. The same as Glycin, g. v. The Glycocols, Aſamins, or Amido-fatty Acid's are crystalline bodies, usually of a sweet taste, and readily soluble in water. Glycocyamin (gli-ko-siſ-am-in) [YAvKüç, sweet; kvavóg, blue; amin), C, H.N.O. Guanido-acetic Acid; a substance obtained by the direct union of glycocol with cyanamid. It is soluble in I2O parts of cold water and rather readily in hot water; insoluble in al- cohol and in ether. It forms crystalline compounds with acids and bases. * GLY CODRUPOSE Glycodrupose (gli-ko-dru/-pós) [yżvküç, sweet; 6pūr- Ta, an over-ripe olive]. The substance forming the stony concretions of pears. Glycogen (g/i/-ko-jen) [YWvküç, sweet; yewvāv, to pro- duce], CsPiloCs. A white, amorphous powder, taste- less and odorless, forming an opalescent solution with water, and insoluble in alcohol. It is commonly known as animal-starch. It occurs in the blood and the liver, by which it is elaborated, and is changed by diastasic ferments into glucose. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Glycogenesis (gli-ko-jen/-es-is) [y/vKüç, sweet; yév- equg, production]. The formation of sugar in the animal economy, whether normal or pathologic. Glycogenic (gli-ko-jen’-ié) [YWvKüç, sweet; yévêqug, production]. Pertaining to glycogen or to glycogen- €SlS. Glycogeny (gli-koſ’-en-e) [YWvküç, sweet; yéveolg, pro- duction]. The normal production of glycogen. Glycohemia (gli-ko-he/-me-ah) [y/vKüç, sweet; alua, blood]. The presence of sugar in the blood, espe- cially its presence in excessive quantity; glycemia. Glycol (g/i/-kol) [yżvküç, sweet; alcohol). A diva- lent alcohol; a compound intermediate in its proper- ties and chemic relations between monohydric alcohol and trihydric glycerol. The glycols are neutral, thick liquids. The solubility of a compound in water in- creases according to the accumulation of OH groups in it, and it will be correspondingly less soluble in alcohol and especially in ether. There will also be an appreci- able rise in the boiling-temperature, while at the same time the body acquires a sweet taste, inasmuch as there occurs a gradual transition from the hydrocarbons to the sugars. In accord with this, the glycols have a sweetish taste, are readily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, and boil at a much higher point (IOO’C.) than the corresponding monohydric alcohols. They contain two hydroxyl groups united to different carbon atoms. Glycolamid (gli-ko/-am-id) [YAvkic, sweet; amid J, C., H3NO2. A substance crystallizing in needles that melt at 120° C. ; it possesses a sweet taste, and dis- solves easily in water, but with difficulty in alcohol. Glycollic Acid (g/i-ko/-ić). See Acid. Glycoluric Acid (gli-kol-uſ-rić). See Acid. Glycolysis (gli-Ao/-is-is) [y/vKüç, sweet; %woug, dis- solution]. The process of decomposition into glycols. Glyconin, Glyconon (g/i/-ko-min, -on) [y/vküç, sweet]. The Glyceritum vite//, of the U. S. Ph. It is a mixture of yolk of egg 45, and glycerin 55. Glyco-polyuria (gli-Ao-pol-e-z/-re-a/a) [YWvküç, sweet; Tožūg, much ; oipov, urine]. Bouchardat’s term for dia- betes, attended with a moderate quantity of sugar in the urine and with an increase of lithic acid in the blood. Glycosamin (g/i-kos'-am-in). See Chitin. Glycoses (gli-Ao’-sèz). Same as Glucoses, Q. v. Glycosometer (gli-Ao-som/-et-er) [yżvküç, sweet; plát- pov, a measure]. An instrument for use in the esti- mation of the percentage of Sugar in diabetic urine. Glycosuria (gli-Ao-su/-re-a/.) [YWvküç, sweet; oipov, urine]. The presence of grape-sugar in the urine. See Diabetes. G., Tests for. See Boettger's, Feh- ling’s, Glycerin-cupric, Indigo-carmin, Pavy's, Picro- saccharimeter, Phenyl-hydrazin, Roberts' Differential AJensity, Saccharometer, Zºommer's, and others in Tests, Table of G., Hepatic, a temporary glycosuria due to excessive formation of glycogen in the liver. G., Irritative, that produced by irritation of the diabetic center on the floor of the fourth ventricle. G., Para- lytic, that produced by dividing the anterior columns of the spinal cord at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra. Glycuronic Acid (gli-ku-ron/-i}). See Acid. 526 GNATHIDIUM Glycyrrhea (gli-sir-e'-ah) [yāvkºg, sweet; beiv, to flow]. Any discharge of glucose from the body. Glycyr- rhoea urinosa. Synonym of Diabetes mellitus. Glycyrrhetin (gli-sir-e'-tin)[yżvküç, sweet; hiſa, root], ClsH26O4. An amorphous bitter substance in liquorice- rO(\t. Glycyrrhiza (gli-sir-i/-zah) [y/vküç, sweet; hiſa, root: gen., Glycyrrhizae], Liquorice-root. The root of G. glabra, a demulcent and mild laxative, of sweet taste. In combination with other medicaments it is an excel- lent expectorant, and is much used as an excipient in pills, troches, etc. G., Ext., the liquorice of com- merce, occurring in black rolls. G., Ext., Liquid (B.P.). Dose 3.j-ij. G., Ext., Purum, made with aqua ammoniae and water by percolation and evapora- tion. G., Ext., Fld., prepared with water and alco- hol. G., Mist., Comp., Brown mixture, pure extract, Sugar, acacia, aa 3 parts, tinct. Opii camph. I2, win. antimonii 6, spt, nitrous ether 3, water 70. Dose 3.j –3 ss. G. et Opii, Trochisci, have each ext, of glycyr- rhiza, gr. ij, ext, of opium gr. 2'5, acacia, Sugar, oil of anise q. S. Dose j-ij. G., Pulv., Comp., compound licorice-powder, Senna I8, glycyrrhiza 23, oil of fennel 4, washed sulphur 8, sugar 50. Glycyrrhizin (gli-sir-i/-zin). See Glycyrrhizinum. Glycyrrhizinum (glis-ir-iz-i/-num) [y/vküç, sweet; bíča, root: gen., Glycirrhizini]. A sweet principle derived from liquorice-root. G. ammoniatum (U. S. P.), ammoniated glycyrrhizin, a sweet preparation used as a substitute for liquorice. Dose gr. v-xv. Glyoxal (gli-oks/-al) [YWvküç, sweet; 6;ažíc, sorrel], , H.O.. A substance formed by oxidizing acetalde- hyd with HNO3. It is an amorphous non-volatile mass that deliquesces in the air, and is soluble in al- cohol and in ether. Glyoxalin (gli-oks/-al-in) [YWvküç, sweet; béañíc, sor- rel], C, H, N,. A substance produced by the action of ammonia upon glyoxal. It is easily soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and crystallizes in brilliant prisms, melting at 89° C. and boiling at 255° C. Glyoxim (gli-o/s/-īm) [y/vküç, sweet], C, H, N,O,. A compound produced by the action of hydroxylamin upon trichlorlactic acid. It is soluble in water, alco- hol, and ether; crystallizes in rhombic plates; melts at 178° C. ; sublimes without difficulty; has a faintly acid reaction, and forms salts with bases. Glyoxylic Acid (gli-oks-i/-ić). See Acid. Gmelin's Test. Same as Gmelin-Æeintz /&eaction. Gmelin-Heintz Reaction. A test for bile-pigments in the urine. See 7 ests, 7 able of. Gmelina (me/-in-ah) [after Gmelin, a Russian scien- tist]. A genus of verbenaceous shrubs and trees. In India, G. arborea, G. asiatica, G. parvifolia, G. villosa, and other species, are employed in catarrhal disorders and in fevers and rheumatism. Unof. Gnaphalium (maſ-a/-le-um). See Zife-everlasting. Gnat (nat) [ME., gnaá, a gnat]. ... A dipterous insect, the Culex pipiens, differing but slightly from the com- mon mosquito, with which it is popularly confounded. The “bite ” consists in a piercing of the skin and the withdrawal of a minute quantity of blood. The gnat has no sting or poison-glands. Gnathalgia (náth-a/-je-ah) [yváflog, jaw; &Wyog, pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the jaw. Gnathankylosis (náth-ang-kil-o/-sis) [yváffog, jaw; āyküWoolg, ankylosis]. Ankylosis of the jaw. Gnathic (math/-ić), [yvá60c, the cheek-bone]. taining to the cheek or jaw. G. Index. /ar and Index. - Gnathidium (math-id/-e-um) [yváffog, jaw : pl., Gnath- idia]. In biology, one of the rami of the lower mandible of a bird. Per- See Alveo- GNATHION Gnathion (nàth/-e-on). See Craniometric Points. Gnathite § -it) ſyváffog, the jaw]. In biology, one of the jaw-feet of an arthropod; a gnathopodite. Gnathitis (nath-i/-tis) [yváffog, jaw; trug, inflamma- tion]. . Inflammation of the jaw or cheek. Gnathogramma (màth-o-gram/-ah) [yváflog, cheek; Ypáppa, line]. Jadelot's genal line. Jadelot's Mines or Furrows. Gnathoneuralgia (māſh-o-nu-ra/-je-ah) [yváffog, jaw; veipov, a nerve; āWyog, pain]. See Gnathalgia. jaw, See Gnathoparalysis (náth-o-par-a/-is-is) [yváffog, jaw; trapáWvotç, paralysis]. Paralysis of the jaw. Gnathoplasty (náth’-o-plas-te) [yváffog, cheek; Thäo- oeuv, to shape). Plastic surgery of the cheek. Gnathoplegia (màth-o-ple/-je-a/ ), [yváffog, Tâmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of the cheek. Gnathopodite (mäth-op/-o-dit) [yváffog, jaw; troög, foot]. Same as Gnathite. Gnathorrhagia (māſh-or-a/-je-ah) [yváffog, the cheek; bmyvöval, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the cheek. Gnathoschisis (math-os/-Ais-is) [yváffog, jaw; ox{{elv, to split]. Cleft-jaw. . Gnathospasmus (náth-o-spaz/-mus) [yváffog, otraopióg, spasm]. Locked jaw ; trismus. Gnathostegite (math-os/-teſ-it) [yváflog, jaw; oréyog, roof.J. In biology, the cover to the mouth-parts of a crustacean formed by the expansion of parts of the third thoracic limbs. Gnomonic (no-mon/-ić) [yváuov, a carpenter's square]. In biology, bent at right angles. Gnoscopin (nos/-ko-pin), Cai Hss N2O11. alkaloid of opium, melting at 233° C. Goa Ball, or Goa Stone [Goa, in Portugal]. A mass of drugs made up into a large bolus, from which enough for a dose is scraped as needed; it is said to have originated at Goa. G. Powder. See Ara- 7"oba. Goadby's Solution. A solution of salt and corrosive sublimate in water, for preserving meat against putre- faction. Goanese. Ipecacuanha (go-an-èz/ ºp-e-Kak-at-an/-ah). See AVaregamia. Goat's-voice (gótz/-vois). See Egophony. Goblet Cells. Chalice-like cells lying between the epi- ºthelial cells of the intestinal villi. Goddard’s Astringent Gargle. An astringent gargle composed of alum 2 drams, pomegranate bark WA ounce, red rose petals I dram, honey I ounce, boiling water 6 ounces. Godfrey's Cordial. A non-official preparation of opium containing from half a grain to a grain and a half of opium to the ounce. Goggle-eyed (gog/-/-īd) [ME., goggleyed J. A vulgar synonym of Exophthalmos and of Strabismus. Goggles (gog/-/z) [ME., gogelen, to look asquint]. Spectacles with colored lenses and wire or cloth sides, to protect the eyes from excessive light, dust, etc. Gogo (go/-go) [African]. The rhizome of Phrynium beazemetzii, a marantaceous plant indigenous to the western coast of Africa. It is a powerful vermi- fuge and purgative. It is used in the form of a de- coction, 3 iss to the Oj. Unof. Gogul (go/-gul) [Beng, or Hind.]. A name for various balsamic resins, the product of Asiatic trees of the genus Balsamodendron ; it is sometimes classed as Elemi, and also as Bdellium. Goiter (goi/-ter) [guttur, throat]. Enlargement, par- ticularly if hypertrophic, of the thyroid gland. It is called, also, Bronchocele and Tºacheoceſe. It gener- ally accompanies cretinism. G., Anemic. Synonym of G., Exophthalmic. G., Exophthalmic, Basedow's cheek; Jaw; A crystalline 527 GOLD Disease, Graves’ Disease. A disease characterized by cardiac palpitation, goiter, exophthalmos, tremor, palpitation usually being the initial symptom; the pulse ranges from 90 to I2O. Occasionally the exophthal- mos is so extreme as to produce spontaneous disloca- tion of one or both eyes. There are present Graefe’s Mid-sign, namely, inability of the upper lid to follow perfectly the downward movement of the eye; and, usually, Stel/wag's sign, viz., apparent widening of the palpebral aperture, due to retraction of the upper lid. The disease is usually encountered in women; its course is chronic, and the ultimate outcome recovery. Death, however, occasionally results. The etiology is obscure, but the disease occurs frequently in those of the neurotic habit. The theories proposed for the explanation of exophthalmic goiter may be placed in three divisions: I. The cardio-vascular theories, which locate the seat of the disease in the heart it- self, the vessels, and the blood. 2. The mechanica/ theories, which connect the symptoms with compres- sion of vessels or nerves in the neck by a primarily hypertrophied thyroid. 3. The nervous theories, which attribute the disease to disturbance in the vagus nerve, in the sympathetic nerve itself, or in the central nervous system proper. G., Pulsat- ing. Synonym of G., Exophthalmic. G.-stick, the coarse stem of certain kinds of sea-weed (Sargassum bacciferum, etc.), used in various places as a cure for goiter. Goitrous (goi/-trus) [guttur, throat]. or affected with goiter. Gokeroo (gooA:/-er-oo). See Gokhru. Gokhru (goſº/-ru) [E. Indian]. Gokeroo. The fruit of Aedalium murex, found in the East Indies, much used by the natives for enuresis and spermatorrhea. It is used in infusion of 3.j to Oj of boiling water. Dose ad lib. Unof. Gold [ME., gold, gold]. See Aurum. G., Bichlorid of, so-called, has been vaunted in the treatment of drunk- enness and the opium-habit. The compounds of chlorin and gold are the monochlorid and the trichlorid. G.-beaters’ Cramp. See Cramp. G.-beaters’ Skin, a thin membrane prepared from the cecum of the ox for gold-beaters’ use. It has a limited use in surgery. G., Annealing of, the softening of gold by means of heat, to reduce the hardness caused by the mechanical forces to which it has been subjected in its manufacture. See Arzneaſing. G.-brown. Same as Phenylene-brown. G. Cinnabar. Same as Minium. G. Crowns, portions of the natural crowns of teeth capped with gold, thereby restoring the contour. G.-foil, Dentists’ (aurum foliatum), gold-leaf. Gold-foil, as used by dentists for filling teeth, is gold hammered into a thin leaf, but finer in quality and of much greater thickness than the article ordinarily known as gold-leaf. G.-ochre. Same as Ochre. G.-orange, an anilin dye employed by Unna for staining lepra-bacilli and tubercle- bacilli. See Stains, Table of, and Pigments, Conspec- tus of G.-plate, for dental uses, may be made by the following formulas:— Pertaining to I8-KARAT GOLD-PLATE. Gold, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I8 dwt Silver, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 “ 20-KARAT GOLD-PLATE. Gold coin, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 dwt. Silver, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 “ Copper, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. “ G. of Pleasure. as Cassius’ Purple. or more metals. See Camelina. G.-purple. Same G.-solder, gold alloyed with one The following table exhibits the rela- GOLDEN tive proportions of the metals most frequently em- ployed :- 2 dwts., . . . . . . . . . . 22-karat gold. I6 grs., . . . . . . . . . . . fine silver. I2 grS., . . . . . . . . . . . . roset copper. 6 dwts., . . . . . . . . . . . pure gold. 2 dwts., . . . . . . . . . . . roset copper. ..I dwt., . . . . . . . . . . . fine silver. G.-thread. See Coptis. Golden (göld’-en) [ME., gold, gold]. Of the nature or color of gold. G. Hair-dye. See Bleach. G.-rod, the leaves of Solidago odora, an aromatic stimulant and carminative. A volatile oil distilled from the plant is used in flatulence. Dose of the fld. ext. 3.j—ij; of the oil mij–x. Unof. G.-seal. See Hy- drastis. G.-yellow. Same as Martius’ Yellow. Golgi's End-plate. A reticulated ending of nerve- fibers in tendons, sometimes embedded in granular- looking matter. G.'s Method, a method of staining nerve-cells. See Stains, Zable of. Goll, Columns of. See Column. Goltz's Balancing-experiment. Animals lose their power of equilibrium with removal of the mid-brain or corpora quadrigemina. G.'s Croaking-experi- ment, a pithed male frog croaks when the skin of its back or flanks is stroked. G.'s Embrace-experi- ment, during the breeding-season the body of the male frog between the skull and fourth vertebra em- braces every rigid object with which it is brought into contact. G.'s Static-theory, every position of the head causes the endolymph of the semicircular canals to exert the greatest pressure upon some part of the canals, thus in varying degree exciting the nerve- terminations of the ampullae. Gomphia (gom/-fe-ah) [yöplgog, a nail]. A genus of ochnaceous trees and shrubs, partly natives of tropical America and partly of India. The leaves and bark of various species are tonic, astringent, and aromatic. Unof. - Gomphiasis (gom-fi/-as-is) [youpiaqtc, toothache]. Looseness of the teeth. Gomphodont (gom/-fo-dànt) [yöupoç, a bolt; 6600g, tooth]. In biology, having the teeth set in sockets. Gomphosis (gom-fo/-sis) [yóppoc, nail]. See Syn- arthrosis. Gonacratia (gon-aſſ-ra/-she-ah) [yová, semen; ākpá- Teta, incontinence]. Spermatorrhea. Gonad (gon/-ad) [yová, semen]. A spermary or ovary; a sexual gland. Gonades (gon/-ad-ez) [yová, generation]. In biology, the reproductive organs; genitalia; sexualia. Gonaduct (gon/-ad-uát) [gonad, seed; ductus, a duct]. In biology, the excretory duct of a reproduc- tive gland; an oviduct or a sperm-duct. Gonagra (gon-a/-grah) [Yóvv, knee; &ypa, seizure]. Gout of the knee or knee-joint. Gonalgia (gon-a/-je-ah) [yóvv, knee; āAyoc, pain]. Pain in the knee-joint. Gonangium (go-man/-je-tem) [yóvog, generation; āyye- lov, a vessel ; pl., Gomangia]. In biology, the repro- ductive capsule of certain hydroids (thecophora), bear- ing within it a modified hydranth that produces, by budding, many sexual individuals. Gonapophysis (gon-aff-off’-is-is) [yövog, generation; âTóðvolç, an outgrowth : £/., Gonapophyses]. In biol- ogy, one of the paired appendages forming the external sexual organs of insects, as the ovipositor, or the clasping-organs. Gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri/-täs) [yövv, knee; āpôpov, a joint; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the knee- Joint. Gonarthrocace knee; (gon-ar-throš/-as-e) [Yévv, 528 GONOBLASTIDIUM āpópov, joint; kákm, evil]. A cancerous or ulcerated affection of the knee-joint, popularly known as white swelling. Gonarthrotomy (gon-ar-throtº-o-me) [yovv, knee; Öpffoov, joint ; tāplvelv, to cut]. Incision into the knee- joint. Gonecium (gon-e/-se-um) [yövog, generation, seed ; olkia, house]. A modified zoecium set apart in the Polyzoa for reproductive functions, . Gonecyst (gon/-e-sist) [yová, semen; küorig, cyst]. A seminal vesicle. . Gonecystic (gon-e-sis/-tić) [yová, semen; küotic, cyst]. Pertaining to a gonecyst. - * -- Gonecystitis #: -tis) [yová, semen; Küorig, cyst; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a gone- cyst. Gonecystolith (gon-e-sis/-to-lith) [yová, semen; Küorig, cyst; Affog, stone]. A sympexion, 7. v. : Gonecystoncus (gon-e-sis-tong/-äus) [yová, semen; Küotag, cyst; Śykoç, tumor]. Any tumor of a seminal vesicle. Gonepoiesis (gon-e-poi-e'-sis) [yová, semen; trotéiv, to make]. The secretion or elaboration of semen. Gonepoietic (gon-e-poi-et/-ić) [yová, semen; Totálv, to make]. Pertaining to the secretion of semen. Gongrona (gon-gro/-nah) [yoyypóvn, a ganglion]. Synonym of Goiter. - Gonic (gon/-ä) [yovakóc, pertaining to semen]. Per- taining to semen or to generation. Gonid (go-mid/). Same as Gonidium. Gonidangium (gon-id-an/-je-um) [yová, generation; ayyetov, a vessel ; pl., Gonidangia]. In biology, a sac or sporangium containing asexually-produced spores. Gonidimium (gon-id-im/-e-um) [yová, generation: pl., Gonidimía]. Applied to gonidial cells ; certain lichens intermediate between gonidia proper and gonimia. Gonidiophore (go-mid/-e-o-for) [yová, seed; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, the fruiting-organ of certain fungi producing spores asexually. Gonidium (go-mid/-e-um) [yová, seed; pl., Gonidia]. In biology, (a) one of the grass-green algal elements of the lichen thallus. (5) Also called Gomid, and applied to various asexually-produced reproductive bodies. Cf. Pseudocyst. Gonimium (go-nim/-e-um) [yövtuoc, able to produce: pl. , Gonimia]. In biology, glaucous-green or bluish- green gonidia. . Gonioautecious (go-ne-o-aw-te/-she-us) [yovía, an angle ; &vTóg, the same ; oikoç, house]. In biology, applied to plants producing both male and female in- florescences, as mosses with the bud-like male organs growing on a female branch. - Gonion (go/-ne-on) [yovia, an angle]. tric Pozzzás. Goniotheca (go-me-o-theſ-Kah) [yovía, an angle; 6%km, a case: pl., Goniothecae]. See Macrosporangium. . Goniotropous (go-ne-of/-ro-pus) [yovía, an angle; Tpétely, to turn]. In biology, applied to certain quad- rangular stems, in which two of the angles are anterior and posterior, and the others lateral. Cf. Pleurotrop- 02/S. Gonio-zygomatic (go-ne-o-zi-go-mat/-ié) [yovía, an angle; $vyóv, a yolk]. Relating to the gonion and the zygoma. Gonitis (go-ni/-täs) [yāvv, knee; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the knee-joint. . Gonoblast (gon/-o-blast) [yāvoç, generation; 8%aotóg, germ]. A sperm-cell or germ-cell; any cell con- cerned directly in reproduction; a spermatozoön ; an OVUlrºl. Gonoblastidium (gon-o-blas-fid/-e-um) [yóvoc, genera- See Crazziome- GONOBOLIA tion, seed; 6%aotóg, germ ; fl., Gonoblastidia]. A term applied by Huxley to the organs set apart for the production of generative buds in the Physophoridae and other Aydrozoa. Cf. Blastostyle. Gonobolia (gon-o-bo'-le-ah) [yová, semen; 34% etv, to throw]. I. The ejaculation of semen. 2. Sper- matorrhea. Gonocace (gon-ok'-as-e) [yövv, knee; kákm, evil]. Same as Gomarthrocace. Gonocalyx (gon-o-ka/-liás) [yövog, generation, seed; káWvš, a cup: pl., Gonocalices, Gonocalyxes]. In biol- ogy, a term applied by Huxley to the investment of the reproductive organs of many of the Hydrozoa, having more or less the structure of a nectocalyx, but from whose walls those of the actual genital sac, the man- wbrium of Allman, tend to become independent. Gonocele (gon/-o-sel) [yövv, knee; káAm, tumor]. A swelling of the knee. Gonocele (gon/-o-se!) [yová, semen; K%%m, tumor]. I. A tumor of a testis, or of a spermatic cord, due to retention of semen. 2. Synonym of Gomorrheal Acheumatism. Gonocheme (gon/-o-kém) [yövoç, generation, seed; 6xeiv, to carry, hold]. In biology, hydroid medusae bearing genitalia. Gonochorismus (gon-o-kor-iz'-mus) [yóvog, generation, sex; 2:0ptogóg, separation]. In biology, the special- ization of sex; the differentiation of male or female genitalia in a developing embryo ; the separation of the sexes in phylogeny. Gonococcus (gon-o-AoA:/-us) [yová, semen; kókkoç, ker- nel]. A microbe thought to be the specific cause of gonorrhea. See Gonorrhea, and Bacteria, Synonym- atic Table of. Gonocyst (gon/-o-sist) [yövog, generation, seed; küoric, a pouch]. In biology, the inflation of the surface of the zoarium in which the embryos are developed in certain of the Polyzoa. See Gomecyst. Gonoid (go/-noid) [yóvoc, semen; eióoç, appearance]. Resembling semen. * - Gonolobus (gon-o-lo/-bus) [yāvoc, semen; Woğ6ç, pod]. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants, all American. G. macrophyllus, of the U.S., has a cathartic and poison- ous root. Unof. Some varieties of condurango are furnished by plants of this genus. Gonophore (gon/-o-for) [yövoc, seed; $6poc, bear]. In biology: I, a stipe below stamens. 2. The ultimate generative zoöid of the Hydroid-medusae, that which immediately produces the generative elements. It may be either medusiform or sacciform. Gonoplasm (gon/-o-plazm) [yóvoc, seed; Tââoua, any- thing formed]. In biology, that portion of the pro- toplasm of the male fertilizing element in certain cryptogams that penetrates and fertilizes the oësphere. Gonopod (gon/-o-pod) [yºvog, generation ; Toíg, foot]. In biology, one of the specialized abdominal feet of certain male crustaceans, functionating as auxiliary re- productive organs. Gonopoiesis (gon-o-poi-e'-sis). See Gonepoiesis. Gonopoietic (gon-o-poi-et/-ić) [Yóvoc, generation, seed; troumrukóg, productive]. In biology, productive of re- productive elements, as ova or spermatozoa. Gonorrhea (gon-or-e'-d/, ) [yóvoç, semen ; bota, a flow]. Etymologically, an involuntary discharge of semen, but generally applied to a specific infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra and adjacent cavities. The gonococcus of Neisser is believed to be the specific microbe of gonorrhea. It is a diplococcus, found in clumps of from IO to 20, sur- rounded by a mucous envelop. G. balani, affects the glans penis. G., Bastard. See G., Mucous, G., Dry, a form unassociated with discharge. G., Mu- 529 GOSSYPIIN cous, the so-called abortive or slight superficial ca- tarrh. The inflammation never runs high, and sub- sides in from seven to fourteen days. G. preputialis. See Balamitis. G. sicca. See G., Dry. Gonorrheal (gon-or-e'-a') [yövoc, semen; bota, a flow]. Relating to gonorrhea. G. Ophthalmia. See Ophthalmia. G. Rheumatism, inflammation of one or more joints as a sequel of gonorrhea. G. Wart. See Vezzerea/ Warf. Gonoscheocele (gon-osſ-Åe-o-sel)[yová, semen; 6ozeov, scrotum ; ká%m, tumor]. A distention of the testicle with semen. Gonosome (gon/-o-sām) [yāvog, generation, seed; očjua, the body]. In biology, the entire assembly of generative zoöids in a hydroid colony. Gonospherium (gon-o-sfe/-re-um) [yövog, generation, seed; opaipa, sphere: £/., Gonospheria]. In biology, a form of oëgonium in which the protoplasm is con- densed at the center of the cell and separated by a space from the cell-wall. Gonostroma (gon-o-stro/-mah) [ yóvoc, otpāga, stroma]. The proligerous disc. Gonotheca (gon-o-theſ-Éah) [yóvoc, generation, seed; 6%km, case: pl. , Gonothecae]. In biology, the chitin- ous hull of the reproductive capsules of certain hydro- ZO8. InS. Gonozemia (gon-o-ze/-me-ah) [yóvoc, semen; muta, flow]. Excessive secretion or discharge of semen. Gonozoöid (gon-o-zo/-oid) [yövoc, generation; ©ov, animal; elóoç, form]. In biology, one of the sexual zoöids of an ascidian. Gonyagra (gon-e-a/-grah). See Gonagra. Gonyalgia (gon-e-a/-je-ah). See Gomalgia. Gonybatia (gon-e-ba/-she-ah) [yāvv, knee; 3aivetv, to go]. Walking upon the knees; a symptom encountered in some paralytic and paretic cases. Gonycampsis (gon-e-Aamp/-sis) [Yövv, knee; kápiiptſ, curve]. Deformity of the knee by curvation. Gonyocele (gon/-e-o-sel) [yóvv, knee; K%m, tumor]. Same as Gonyoncus. Gonyoncus (gon-e-ong/-kus) [yāvv, knee; tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the knee. Gonys (go’-mis) [yévvc, the chin]. In biology, the line of symphysis of the mandibles of a bird. Gonytyle (gon-e-ti’-le) [yāvv, knee; Tížň, pad]. A prominent thickening of the skin upon the knee. Goodyera (good-ye/-rah) [after John Goodyer, an Eng- lish botanist]. A genus of orchidaceous plants. G. repens of Asia, Europe, and America, is a popular medicine. G. pubescens of N. America (rattlesnake plantain, cancer-plant) is applied to Sores, cancers, etc. Unof. Goose (goos) [ME., goos, a goose]. A bird of the family of Anserines. G.-flesh. See G.-skin. G.- foot. See Pes amserinus. G.-grass. See Ga/ium aparine. G.-skin, Cutis ansera, Goose-flesh, a popu- lar name for a well-known condition of the skin marked by prominence about the hair-follicles. See Arrector pili Muscle. Gore (gar) [ME., gore, gore]. Thick or clotted blood. Gorged Stomach (gorja' stum/-ak). See Stomach Staggers. Gorgeret (gor-jer-et/) [Fr., gorge, throat]. A surgeon’s gorget, especially a small gorget. Gorget (gor/-jet) [gurges, a chasm]. A channeled in- strument similar to a grooved director. It may be blunt, sharp, hooked, etc. In biology, a throat- patch, as the brilliant throat of the humming-bird. Gorgon's Head. See Caput medusae. Gosselin's Fracture. A V-shaped fracture of the distal extremity of the tibia, involving the ankle-joint. Gossypiin (gos-ip/-e-in) [gossypium, the cotton-tree]. offspring; ôykoç, 34 GOSSYPINE A precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Gos- sypium herbaceum, recommended as an emmenagogue and diuretic. Dose, I to 5 grains. Unof. - Gossypine (gos/-ip-in) [gossypium, cotton]. ogy, cottony, flocculent. Gossypium (gos-ip/-e-um) [L., cotton-tree: gen., Gos- sypii). Cotton. The hairs of the seed of G. herba- ceum. Freed from impurities and deprived of fatty matter, it becomes the absorbent cottom of surgery. It is soluble in an ammoniacal solution of copper sulphate. The root is thought to have emmenagogue properties. G. purificatum, purified cotton. G. rad., Cortex, cotton-root bark. Dose gr. XXX-3.j. G. rad., Ext., Fld., prepared with glycerin and alcohol. Dose muxxx–3 j. G. seminis, O1., the expressed oil con- stitutes most of the so-called olive-oil of commerce. G., Tinct., I in 4. Dose 3.j. See, also, Pyroxylin. Gothard Worm (goth/-ard wurm). See Anchylostomum. Gothic Palate. An enormously high palatal arch. Göttinger's Line. See Zines, Table of Gottstein’s Basal Process. The filiform basal ex- tremity of Corti's organ. It is connected with the fine nerve-filaments of the cochlear nerve. G.'s Curet, a curved curet for the removal of post-nasal growths. G.’s Fibers. See Aºber. Gouge (gooj or gowj) [Fr.]. An instrument for cutting or removing bone or other hard structures. Goujeers (goo/-jers) [OF., gouge, a soldier's mistress]. An old name for syphilis. . Goulard’s Cerate. See Plumózem. See AE/umöum. Gould, Methods of . See Złeatment, Methods of. Gourand’s, or Goyrand’s, Disease. See ZXiseases, 7able of. G.'s Hernia. See Hernia. Gourdy (gor/-de or goor/-de) [ME., gourd, a gourd]. In farriery, having swollen legs (said of horses). 'Gout (gowt) [ME., goute, the gout; gutta, a drop]. A constitutional disease characterized by an excess of uric acid or alkaline urates, especially sodium urate, in the fluids of the body. Sodium urate is first deposited about the articular surfaces of the small joints, but in time the arteries, cardiac valves, and connective tissue of the kidneys may be involved. The metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe is, curiously, the favorite point of attack, and the helix of the ear is another favorite seat. Tophi form about the affected part. To diminished solubility of the urates, due to increased acidity of the blood; to increased formation of uric acid, and failure in function of the kidneys; to persistent plethora of the digestive organs,—is variously ascribed the cause of gout. The symptoms of the acute form are malaise, intense pain in the affected part, with swelling and redness, pyrexia, chills, scanty and acid urine, irritability and sleepless- ness. The paroxysm usually occurs in the night. Other attacks almost invariably follow at irregular in- tervals. G., Diaphragmatic, angina pectoris. G., Latent or Masked, a condition ascribed to a gouty diathesis, but not presenting the typical symptoms of gout. G., Retrocedent, that form that is manifested by severe internal manifestations, without the cus- tomary arthritic symptoms. See Da Costa’s Disease. G., Rheumatic. See Arthritis, A'heumatic. Gouty (gow/-te) [ME., goute, the gout]. Of the nature of gout; affected with gout. G. Kidney. See Bright's Disease. Goux, System. See Sewage, Disposal of Gowers’ Column. See Column. G.s' Front-tap Contraction. See Contraction, and Reflexes, 7 able of. G.'s Method, the method of counting the corpus- cles of the blood by the hemocytometer. G.'s Pupil. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. - - In biol- G.’s Extract. 530 GRAHAMITE Gowland’s Cosmetic, Lotion, or Wash. A famous lotion used in the treatment of acne, and said to have contained oxymuriate of mercury in an emulsion of bitter almonds. Gr. Abbreviation of grain. Graafian Follicles, or Vesicles. Peculiar vesicular bodies existing in the cortex of the ovary as well as in SN sº ºC § §§ §:S& Will º |; ºf 2 U §§ GRAAFIAN Follicle AND Ovule, witH PRoligFROUS DISc. the ovarian stroma. Within them the ova mature. ee Vesicle. - Gracilis (grasſ-iſ-is) [L., slender]. See Muscles, Table of G. Experiment, an experiment performed upon the gracilis muscle of the frog, showing that pure muscular excitation does not travel backward from the muscle to the nerve. Gradient (gra/-de-ent) [gradi, to step, to go]. In biol- ogy, walking, rather than creeping or jumping. Graduate (grad/-u-āţ) [gradus, a step]. To take a degree from a college or university. Also, a person on whom a degree has been conferred. Also, in pharmacy, a glass vessel upon which the divisions of liquid measure have been marked. Graduated (grad/-u-a-fed)[gradus, a step]. Arranged in degrees or steps. G. Compress, a compress made of pieces decreasing progressively in size, the apex or smallest piece being applied to the focus of pressure. G. Cones. See Comes. G. Full Bath. See Aaſh. •. Graefe’s Collyrium. The celebrated colly- 7-ium adstringens /uſeum. It was made as follows: Camphor, Io grains; alcohol, I ounce; chlorid of ammonium, I5 grains; sulphate of zinc, 30 grains; croci pulv. hispanici, 2 grains; distilled water, 5 ounces. One drop of this, after filtration, is used morning and evening. G.'s Knife, a knife for the performance of the operation for cataract. G.'s Operations. See Opera- tions, Zable of. G.'s Signs or Symp- toms. See, Signs and Symptoms, Table of. GRAEFE's Gräfenberg System. See Hydrotherapy. KNIFE. Graft [ME., graffe, graft]. A small portion of skin, bone, periosteum, nerve, etc., inserted into or upon a raw surface or tissue deficient in the special structure desired. G., Sponge, the insertion of antisepticized sponge to act as a framework for the granulations. Graham Bread. Brown bread; wheaten bread made from unbolted flour. Grahamism (gra/-am-izm) [after Sylvester Graham, an American reformer]. Vegetarianism; a theory of dietetic and medical reform started in 1839. - Grahamite (gra/-am-it) [after Sylvester Graham]. A vegetarian ; a follower of the teachings of Sylvester Graham, I'794–1851. * • , GRAHE's TEST 531 Grahe's Test. See Zests, Table of Grain (grän) [granum, corn]. A general name ap- plied to starch-producing seeds, or to those of the cereals. Also, any small seed. In pharmacy, a small pill. Also, the gºso part of the Troy pound. Graining-colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. Grains of Paradise [Grana paradisi, “grains of para- dise”]. The unripe fruit of Amomum melegueta, and of A. granum paradisi, brought from W. Africa. It is an aromatic stimulant and diuretic, useful in Some cases of neuralgia. Unof. Grallatorial (gral-at-o’-ºe-al) [grallator, one who walks on stilts]. In biology, applied to wading-birds. Gram, Gramme (gram) [ypáppa, a Greek weight]. The weight of a cubic centimeter of distilled water at its maximum density. The gravimetric unit of the metric system of weights and measures. See Metric System. G. [Anglo-Indian.] A commercial name for the chick-pea, Cicer arietinum, and for other varie- ties of pulse. . Gram’s Fluid. See Gram’s Solution. G.'s Method, I. See Gram’s Solution. 2. See Treatment, Methods of. G.'s Solution, a test for amyloid liver, and a mor- dant in staining for tubercle-bacilli, consisting of iodin I part, potassium iodid 2, water 300. The preparation is taken from the color-bath, washed and plunged into this solution until it takes a blackish tinge, then washed in alcohol until decolorization is complete. This process is called Gram’s Method. See Stains, Table of . . Gramineous (gram-in/-e-us) [gramen, grass]. In biology, grass-like. - Graminifolious (gram-in-èſ-o'-le-us) [gramen, grass; folium, a leaf). In biology, having grass-like leaves. Graminivorous (gram-in-iv'-or-us) [gramen, grass; vorare, to devour]. Feeding upon grass. - Grammatic Acataphasia (gram-at'-ić aſſ-at-aſ-a/- ze-ah). The faulty use of words, due not to ignor- ance, but to some central brain-lesion. See Acata- phasia. Grammopetalous º [Ypapplift, a stroke or line; Téražov, a leaſ]. In biology, having petals like leaves of grass, linear. Grana paradisi (gran/-a/, par-ad-f/-si) [L.]. See Grains of Paradise. Granatum (gran-a/-tum) [granum, a grain: gen., Granati J. Pomegranate. The cortex of the root of A unica granatum contains a liquid alkaloid, pelletierin, Cs.His NO, one of the most efficient anthelmintics. against tapeworm, rarely failing to bring away the whole worm. G., Fld. Ext. Dose 3 ss-jss. G., Decoctum, fresh bark 3 xvij, water 3 xvij, boiled to 3 xij and strained. Dose iv-vj. Pelletierin tannas, tannate of the alkaloid, CsPIs NO.C., H16O. Dose gr. v-xx followed by a quick purgative. P. sul- phas, very hygroscopic. Dose v-x. All unof. Grancher's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Grand Mal (grand maſh)/) [Fr.]. A term for fully- developed epilepsy; major epilepsy. Grandeau’s Test. See Tests, Table of. Grandeur, Delirium of, or Delusions of. Insane exaltation of mind, with false opinions as to one’s own greatness and dignity. Grandidentatus (gran-de-den-ta/-fus) [grandis, large; dens, a tooth]. Having large teeth. Grandin (gram/-din) [grando, a hailstone]. A peculiar substance found in the urine of pregnant women. It is supposed to produce kyestein by its decomposition. Grandry’s Corpuscles. A variety of sensitive nerve- terminations consisting of delicately punctate and sharply defined cells that are flattened and lens-like in form, and have a nucleus, the latter being the so-called GRANULOMA Tactile Cells of Merkel. They occur in the beak and tongue of the duck and goose, in the epidermis of man and mammals, etc. They are the same as the Cor- puscles of Årause. Graniticoline (gram-it-ić/-o-lin) [It., granito, granite; colere, to inhabit]. In biology, applied to such lichens as grow upon granite. Granny Knot (gram/-e not). A tie of a cord in which in the second loop the end of one cord is over and the other under its fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the same line. This knot can easily be converted into a slip-knot. See Anot. Granular (gran/-at-lar) [granum, a grain]. Made up of, containing, or bearing granules. G. Casts. See Casts. G. Corpuscles. See Granule-cell. G. De- generation. See Cloudy Swelling. G. Degenera- tion of the Cervix. See Erosion. G. Kidney, a kidney affected with diffuse or insterstitial nephritis. G. Lids. See Złachoma. G. Liver, a cirrhosed liver. See Cirrhosis. G. Pharyngitis, follicular pharyngitis. Granulated (gram/-u-la-fed). [granula, a little grain]. Characterized by the presence of granulations or granules. Granulation (gram-u-la/-shun) [granula, dim. of gra- num, a grain]. I. The operation of reducing coarsely crystalline substances to particles of uniform size by solution and rapid evaporation, with constant stirring. Some substances, like ferrous sulphate, are best gran- ulated by filtering a strong solution into alcohol. 2. The formation of new or cicatricial tissue in the repair of wounds or sores, the surface of which has a granu- lar appearance; also, any one of the elevated points of such a surface or formation. G., Miliary, a mili- ary tubercle. G.-tissue, new or cicatricial tissue made up of granulations, or by the process of granu- lation. Granulative (gram’-u-la-tiv) [granula, a little grain]. Pertaining to or marked by the process of granulation. Granule (gram/-ä) [granula, a little grain]. In anat- omy, any small rounded grain, such as is found in the Malpighian bodies of the spleen. Also a spore or an isolated cell. In pharmacy, a small pill. G., Ele- mentary, irregular protoplasmic bodies in the blood, smaller than ordinary blood-corpuscles. G., Seminal, any one of the solid particles of the semen, consisting of round, granular corpuscles. G.-cell, any one of a variety of round cells found in pathologically softened brain-tissue, and densely filled with fat-globules. G.- mass, a giant-cell. Granulia (oran-ze/-le-ah) [granula, a little grain]. Em- pis’ name for an acute inflammatory condition dis- tinct from tuberculosis, but, like it, characterized by the development of granulations within organs and on serous surfaces. Granulistics (gran-u-lis/-tiks) [granula, a little grain]. That branch of physics employed in the estimation of the volume or capacity of a body by means of seed, shot, sand, granules, etc. Granulitis (gram-tº-li/-tis) [granula, a little grain; trug, inflammation]. Acute miliary tuberculosis. Granuloma (gram-tº-lo’-mah) [granulum, a small grain; ôua, a tumor: pl. , Granulomata]. A term used by Virchow to include such a neoplasm as does not advance beyond the stage of granulation-tissue. G. fungoides; Mycosis fungoides; Fibroma fungoides; a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder, probably of specific origin, that affects the superficial and deep layers of the skin, and occasionally the mucous membranes. It is marked by the appearance of urticarial, erythematous, or eczema- tous patches, of irregular shape and size, with well- defined margins, usually upon the scalp and skin of the trunk. Itching is intense, and frequently the GRANULOMATOUS patches become hypertrophic, and firm, hard modules, varying in size from that of a pea to an apple, either sessile or pedunculated, develop on them. These eventually break down, to form deep, unsightly ulcers that contain Sensitive, fungating granulation-tissue, and discharge thin pus and serum. Death results from a progressive cachexia. See Mycosis. Granulomatous (gran-u-lo’-mat-us) [granula, a little grain; jua, a tumor]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with granuloma. G. Inflammation. See Inflammation. Granulose (gran/-at-lós) [granula, a grain]. The ma- terial that forms the inner portion of starch-granules; it is enclosed by coats of cellulose. Granum (gra/-num). See Grain. Granville's Lotion. A compound liniment of ammonia. Grape-cure (grap/-kār). A cure for pulmonary tuber. culosis, consisting in the ingestion of quantities of grapes. Some patients should not take more than an average of two pounds daily, beginning with about a pound, and other patients should not exceed four pounds. The laxative influence of the grapes is also beneficial. Irritation of the gums produced by the treatment should be relieved by rinsing the mouth with cold water to which a little bicarbonate of Sodium is added. G.-disease, a vulgar synomyn for tuber- culous disease of cattle. G.-sugar. See Glucose and ZDextrose. Grapes (gráps). Same as Grape-disease. Graphite (graf’-it) [ypápetv, to write]. Plumbago, or black lead, an impure allotropic form of carbon. It has been applied externally in skin-diseases; its dilu- tions are also used by homeopathists. Unof. Graphology (graf-o/-o-je) [ypaſp#, writing; Wöyoç, science]. The study of the handwriting or of written sentences, for the purpose of diagnosticating nerve- disease or brain-lesion. Graphomania (graf-o-ma/-ne-ah) [ypaſp#, writing; plavia, madness]. An insane desire to write. Graphomaniac (graf-o-ma/-me-aſſ) [ypáðelv, to write; plavia, madness]. One affected with graphomania. Graphospasm (graf’-o-spazm) [ypaſpſ, writing; otrao- plóg, spasm]. Writers’ cramp. Grass (gras) [ME., gras, grass]. Herbage. G.-oil. See Anthoxanthum. G. -staggers, indigestion of cattle. G.-tree Resin. See Xazzáhorrhea. Grating (gra/-ting) [grata, a grating]. A frame or screen composed of bars. Also a sound produced by the friction of very rough surfaces against each other. In optics, a glass ruled with exceedingly fine parallel lines to produce chromatic dispersion in the rays of light reflected from it. Gratiola (gra-fi/-o-lah) [gratia, grace]. A genus of scrophulariaceous herbs. G. aurea, G. carolinensis, G. virginiana, and other N. American species are actively medicinal, but are little used. G. officinalis, of Europe, is cathartic, emetic, and diuretic, and is a decided poison. Unof. Gratiolet's Angle. See Angle. G.'s Bundle, optic radiations running into the occipital cortex. Gratiolin (gra-tiº-o-ſin) [gratia, grace], CooHa O. A crystalline, bitter glucosid from Gradiola officinalis. It was formerly used as a hydragogue. Gratiolin rhetin (gra-te-o-lir-et/-in) [gratia, grace; hmTívn, resinj, Cli Has Cat. A resinoid substance; a decomposition-product of gratiolin. wº Grattage (grah-ta (h) zh/) [Fr.]. A method of remov- ing morbid growths, as polypi or trachomatous granu- lations, by rubbing with a harsh sponge or brush. Grave (grav) [ME., grave, a grave]. An excavation in the earth for burying the dead. G.-wax. See Adipocere. 532 GRAY Gravedo (grav-e'-do)[L.]. I. Muscular rheumatism of the head. 2. Coryza. Gravel (grav/-el) [ME., gravel, gravel]. In surgery, a common name for the larger calculi or urinary concre- tions. Also, difficult or painful micturition. G.- plant. See Trailing Arbutus. G.-root, Queen of the Meadow, the root of Eupatorium purpureum, or of Collinsonia canadensis. See Eupatorium and Collin- S0%2CZ. Graveolent (grav’-e-o-lent) [gravis, heavy; olere, to smell]. Having a strong, unpleasant odor; fetid. Graves’ Disease. See Goiter, Exophthalmic, and Diseases, Table of Gravid (grav/-īd) [gravare, to load]. With child, pregnant. G. Uterus, the womb during pregnancy or gestation. Gravida (grav/-id-ah) [gravidus, pregnant]. A preg- nant WOman. Gravidin (grav/-id-in) [gravidus, pregnant]. A pecu- liar substance occurring in white transparent globules on the surface of the urine voided by pregnant women. G.-test, a worthless sign of pregnancy. After the first month of pregnancy the urine of the gravid woman, if allowed to stand from thirty hours to eight days, will have formed upon it a pellicle with a cheesy odor and an appearance like the “fatty scum of cooled 3roth.” Examined microscopically and chemically the pellicle shows fungi, triple phosphates, fat-globules, and sometimes a peculiar form of albumin. It may be found in urine from men, young girls, and very old women, hence is of no value as a test of pregnancy. The test is also called the Ajestein Zest. Gravidism, or Gravidity (grav/-id-izm, or grav-id/- it-e) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnancy, or the total- ity of symptoms presented by a pregnant woman. Gravimeter (grav-im/-et-er) [gravis, heavy ; uérpov, measure]. An instrument used in determining spe- cific gravities; especially a hydrometer, aerometer, or urinometer. Gravity (grav/-it-e) [gravis, heavy]. The property of possessing weight. Also, a condition of serious im- port. G., Specific, the measured weight of a sub- stance compared with that of an equal volume of an- other taken as a standard. For gaseous fluids, hydro- gen is taken as the standard ; for liquids and solids, distilled water at its maximum density. Grawitz's Theory. A theory as to the immunity con- ferred by inoculation. The cells of the body and the bacteria take their nutrition from the same places, and it is a true fight for existence between them. If the cells come out victorious, they become habituated to the struggle with the bacteria, and are more able to resist a second attack, and this quality is transmitted to the succeeding generations of body-cells by heredity. This theory is purely hypothetic. Gray (gra) [ME., gray, gray]. I. Of a color between white and black. 2. Having gray hairs. G. Hepatiza- tion. See Aſepatization and Pneumonia. G. Indura- tion. See Induration. G. Infiltration. See /nfiltration. G. Lanolin Ointment. See G. Oil. G. Matter, the cinerea. See Brain. G. Oil, Oleum cinereum, a semifluid, fatty, mercurial liquid introduced into medicine by Lang, of Vienna, in 1886. It is used in the treatment of syphilis by injections. It is prepared as follows: A given quantity of lanolin—I or 2 drams—is rubbed up with sufficient chloroform to emulsify it. This mixture is to be thoroughly triturat- ed, during which operation the chloroform will evap- orate. While the mixture is still in a fluid state, metallic mercury to the amount of double the quantity of the lanolin is to be added, the trituration being meanwhile continued. As a result, a pomade of mer- GREASE cury is left, which represents two parts of mercury and one part of lanolin. This is called strong gray lanolin ointment. From this salve-basis a 50 per cent. oleum cinereum, or gray oil, may be obtained by mixing three parts with one part of olive-oil. A mild gray lanolin ointment may be made in the same manner as the strong, by taking equal parts of lanolin and mer- cury and thoroughly mixing them. From this salve- basis a 30 per cent. gray oil may be made by mixing six parts with four parts of fresh almond-oil or olive- oil. G. Powder, hydrargyrum cum creta. See Hy- drargyrum. -> Grease (gres) [ME., grese, grease]. Soft or oily ani- mal fat. In farriery, a swelling and inflammation in a horse's leg, with excretion of oily matter and the for- mation of cracks in the skin. G.-trap, a contrivance employed to prevent clogging of waste-pipes, as well as to save the grease, which has considerable commer- cial value. Great (gröt)[ME., gret, great]. Large. G. Laurel, the leaves of Æhododendron maximum, an expectorant, useful in obstinate coughs. Dose of the fla.ext. mlv—xv. Unof. G. Mortality. Synonym of the Plague. G. Pox. Synonym of Syphilis, to distinguish it from Smallpox. Green (gren) [ME., grene, green]. I. Verdant; of the color of grass. 2. Unripe; not mature. G. Blindness. Achloropsia, Q. v. G. Dragon, the corm of Arum dracontium, an expectorant and diaphoretic. Dose of the flá. ext. mlj-x. Unof. G. Bice. See Are- men Green. G.-blue. Same as Soluble-blue. G. Cinnabar. See Pigments, Conspectus of G. Gland, one of the excretory organs (kidney) of a decapod crusta- cean formerly supposed (in Astacus) to be an auditory organ. The Secretions contain uric acid and traces of the base guanin. G.-heart. See Bebeeru. G.-man. See Aceras. G. Osier, the bark of Cornus circinata, an astringent, tonic, and febrifuge. Dose of the fla. ext. ml XX-3.j. Unof. G., Paris, cupric arsenite. G., Scheele's, cupric arsemite. G., Schweinfurth’s, a compound of cupric arsenite and cupric arsenate. G.-sickness. See Chlorosis. G. Smalt. Same as A’imman?z’s Green. G.-stick Fracture. See Frac- zzere. G. Verditer. See Aremezz Greezz. Green's Test-types. A slight modification of Snellen's Tesº-types, g. v. - Greenhow's Cholera-mixture. A mixture containing guaiacum, cloves, cinnamon, each I ounce ; brandy, 2 pints. Greffotome (greſ’-o-tom) [Fr., greffe, graft; touác, cutting]. A knife used in cutting slips for surgical grafting. Gregarina (greg-ar-e'-mah) [grex, a herd]. A genus of parasitic protozoa, of extremely simple nature. It is not certain that any true Gregarinae infest the human subject, most of the supposed protozoan parasites of the human species being now referred to other classes or groups. See Parasites (Animal), 7able of Gregarinosis (greg-ar-in-o’-sis) [grex, a herd; v6oog, disease]. A morbid condition due to infestation by Gregarinae. Gregarious (grega'-re-us) [grex, a flock, a herd]. In biology, clustered, but not matted together, as the fruit-spots of a parasitic fungus; e.g., the cluster-cups. Gregory's Powder. Compound powder of rhubarb. G.'s Salt, crude hydrochlorate of morphin containing codein. - Grenacher's Alcoholic Carmin. See Stains, Table of. G.'s Alum-carmin. See Stains, Table of G.'s Pur- purin Solution. See Stains, Table of G.'s Solu- tion. See Stains, Table of Grenade (gren-ād/). Synonym of Influenza. 533 GROCERS’ ITCH Grenet Cell. See Cell. Gressorial (gres-o'-re-al) [gressus, p.p. of gradi, to walk]. In biology, adapted for walking; gradient. Griesinger’s Disease. Cachexia aquosa. Griffe (grif) [Sp., grifos, frizzled hair]. I. In biology, the offspring of a mulatto and a negress, or of a mulat- tress and a negro. See Mulatto. 2. See Main en griffe. Griffin Hand (grif'-in hand). Same as Claw-hand. Griffith's Mixture. See Ferrum. G.'s Pills. See Aerrum. G.'s Snow-white. Same as Zincolith. Grin [ME., grinnen, to show the teeth]. To smile, at the same time showing the teeth. Grindelia (grin-deſ-le-ah) [after H. Grindel, a German botanist]. The leaves and flowering top of G. robus- ta, Wild Sunflower, or Gum-plant, found in California, an anstipasmodic and motor-depressant, in large doses producing mydriasis. It is valuable in asthma, bronchi- tis, and whooping-cough. Dose of the fla. ext. mux— 3.j; of the alcoholic extract, gr. iij. G. squarrosa, common ague-weed, an herb popular in the western U. S. as a remedy for ague and malarial diseases. It has proved serviceable in chronic rheumatism. Dose of the fló. ext. m.xv-xxx. Unof. G. hirsutula and G. integrifolia of the Pacific States have similar qualities. These plants are all highly resinous; their tinctures or infusions are said to cure the dermatitis of rhus-pois- oning. Grindelin (grin/-del-in). in Grindelia robusta. Grinder (grin/-der) [ME., gryndere, a miller]. Quizzer. 2. A molar tooth. Grinders’ Asthma. A chronic affection of the lungs resulting from the inspiration of metallic or siliceous dust, accumulating in the lungs, and producing Symp- toms similar to those of tuberculosis. It is called also G.'s ſºof and G.'s Disease. G.'s Disease. See G.'s Asthma. G.'s Phthisis. See G.'s Asthma. G.’s Rot. See G.’s Asthma. Grinning (grin/-ing) [ME., grinnen, to snarl]. Draw- ing back the lips, so as to show the teeth. G.-mus- cle. See Muscles, Table of Grip or Grippe (grip). See Influenza. Gripe (grip) [ME., gripen, to seize]. I. To suffer griping pains. 2. A spasmodic pain in the bowels; cramp-colic. Gripes (grips) [ME., gripen, to seize]. IIllllal. Grippal (grip/-al) [Fr., gripper, to seize]. Pertaining to influenza. Grippo-toxin (grip-o-foks/-īn) [la grippe, an epidemic form of influenza; toxicum, poison]. A term intro- duced by Althaus to designate the toxin of influenza. Griseous (gris/-e-us) [griseus, gray]. Gray or bluish- ra.V. Głºńe Sign (gre-zo/ sin). A sign said to be a cer- tain means of diagnosis of Smallpox. If, upon stretch- ing an affected portion of the skin, the papule becomes impalpable to the touch, the eruption is caused by measles; if, on the contrary, the papule is still ſelf when the skin is drawn out, the eruption is the result of smallpox. - Gristle (gris/-/) [ME., gristel, cartilage]. The popuz lar name for cartilage. Gristly (gris/-le) [ME., gristel, cartilage]. Cartilagin- ous ; like gristle. Groan (gröm) [ME., gromen, to groan]. low, moaning sound, as when in pain. uttered. Grocers’ Itch (gro/-serg ich). Eczema of the hands, due to irritation from flour, sugar, etc. It is said to be due, in some cases, to the presence of sugar-mites upon the hands. An alkaloid reported to exist I. See Colic ; tor- To utter a The sound so GROIN Groin [origin obscure]. belly and the thigh. Groove (groov) [D., grooſ, a channel]. A furrow or channel. G., Auriculo-ventricular. See Aºterrow, G., Bicipital, the deep groove on the anterior surface of the humerus separating the greater and lesser tub- erosities. G., Cavernous, a broad groove on the supe- rior surface of the sphenoid bone lodging the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. G., Dental. See Dental Groove. G., Infraorbital, the furrow at the posterior portion of the superior maxillary bone on its orbital surface, which finally develops into a canal of the same name. G., Lachrymal, a groove in front of the opening of the antrum, on the inner surface of the 'superior maxillary bone. G., Medullary, a long shallow furrow that appears along the dorsal line of the neural tube of the embryo. G., Mylo–hyoid, the groove on the inner surface of the inferior maxil- lary bone running from the submaxillary fossa to the inferior, dental foramen. G., Nasal, the groove in the nasal bone for the nasal nerve. G., Occipital, the groove in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, that lodges the occipital artery. G., Optic, the groove on the superior surface of the sphenoid bone terminating on either side in the optic foramen. G., Sacral, the channel on the back of the sacrum between the spinous and transverse processes. G., Subcla- vian, the longitudinal groove on the under surface of the clavicle for the attachment of the subclavius mus- cle. G., Spiral. See Sulcus spiralis. G., Verte- bral, the groove running along the spine on each side of the spinous process. Groping-test (gröð/-ing-test). In ophthalmology, a test for false orientation in paralysis of the ocular muscles. The affected eye does not locate objects in their true place, and if asked to point quickly at an object the patient’s finger will be carried to one side of it. Gros Mal (gro-ma(h)!) [Fr.]. of epilepsy; major epilepsy. Gross (grös) [F., gros, great]. Coarse; great. G. Anatomy, anatomy considered without reference to histology or the details of minute structure. G. Ap- pearances, macroscopic appearances. Grote's Test. See Tests, Table of. Grough, Grouph (gruf). See Gruff. Ground (grownd) [ME., ground, ground]. The bot- tom ; soil; earth. G. Ivy, a popular name for Gaul- theria procumbens. G. Laurel. See Trailing Arbu- tus. G.-nut. See Apios. G.-nut Oil, peanut oil. A fixed oil expressed from the embryo of the seed of the peanut, Arachis hypogaea. It resembles olive-oil in general properties, and for which it is often substi- tuted. G.-water. See Subsoil-water. Groundseltree. See Baccharis. Grouse (grows) [OF., griesche, gray]. A bird of the genus Zetrao. G.-berry, a popular name for Gaul- theria procumbens. G.-disease, a disease that attacks and destroys great numbers of red grouse (Zagopus sco- ticus) of Europe; it is believed to be due to the over- stocking of its haunts and the propagation of the species by depauperized parents. It is said by some writers to be due to the presence of a parasite, Stron- gy/us peºgracilis, in the bronchial passages. See Para- sites (Animal), Table of Grove Cell. See Ce/Z. Grow (gro) [ME., growen, to grow]. a natural process of development. Growing (gro/-ing) [ME., growen, to grow]. In- creasing in size. G.-fever, pyrexia associated with rapid growth. G.-pains, a term applied to neuralgic or rheumatic pains in the limbs occurring during The depression between the The well-marked form To increase by 534 GUACIN youth, apparently of varied origin and character. G.-point, in botany, the tissue immediately about the apical cell; the tip of the stem or other point where cell-division is active ; the Punctum vegetationis. Growth (gröth ) [ME., growen, to grow]. I. The augmentation of the body that takes place between in- fancy and adult age. Also, the increase of any part of the body by addition to the number of its cellular ele- ments, without the production of structural abnormality or differentiation into unlike tissues. 2. Any tumor or adventitious structure. Grub [ME., grubben, to digl. I. A dwarf. , 2. See Comedo. G.-in-the-head. See OEstrus ovis, under Parasites (Animal), Table of. G.-worms. See Comedo. Gruber's Experiment. An experiment for detecting anomalies of tension in the ear-membrane. A mem- brane already excessively tense will give no alteration during Valsalva’s experiment (7. v.), but if the mem- brane has been previously unduly relaxed, Valsalva’s experiment will, according to Gruber, restore its ten- sion, and the vibrating fork will be heard better by air- conduction, and worse by bone-conduction than be- fore or after. G.'s Gelatin Bougies, medicated al- mond-shaped pieces of gelatin for insertion into the auditory meatus. G.'s Method. I. A method of washing out the tympana. Syringe the fluid into one nostril with the other closed, the fluid entering the tympana by way of the Eustachian tubes. 2. A method of inflating the middle ear. The patient is required to phonate at the moment the inflation-bag is compressed. A short word, ending in a guttural con- sonant, is advised, as “hic’’ or “hook.” Gruel (gru/-el) [dim. of grutum, meal]. A decoction of corn-meal or oat-meal boiled in water to a thick a.Ste. - Gruff (gruf) [D., groſ, coarse]. Any crude drug; also the coarse part of a drug that will not pass through a sieve ; the term is used also adjectively, as gruff sulphur or saltpeter. - . . . Grume (groom) [grumus, a little heapl. blood; a thick and viscid fluid. Grumose (gru/-mâs) [grumus, a little heap). Same as Grumous. - Grumous (gru/-mus) [grumus, a little heap). Knotted, clotty, or in granular masses. Formed of coarse, clustered grains. Grutum (gru/-tum) [grutum, grit]. . A small, hard tubercle of the skin, usually seen on the face, and due to retention of sebaceous matter. It is also called Miliary Tubercle and Pearly Tubercle. See Milium. Gruyère Cheese (gru-yar/). See Cheese. Gryposis (gri-po/-sis) [ypítoolc, curvature]. Curvature. See Arthrogryposis and Onychogryposis. Gscheidlen's Method. A method of preparing hemo- globin crystals. Take defibrinated blood that has been exposed for 24 hours to the air, and keep it in a closed tube of narrow caliber for several days at 37° C. When the blood is spread on glass the crystals form rapidly. Gtt. Abbreviation of gutta, or gutta, drop, or drops. Guachamaca (gwaw-shaw-maw’-kah) [S. America]. The bark of an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera, or Malouetia nitida, of S. America, furnishes a virulent arrow-poison, somewhat resembling curare; it has been employed in tetanus and hydrophobia. Unof. Guachata, or Guachacata (gwaw-chaw/-tah, or grwazy- chaw-ka/-ah) [Mex.]. The flowers of a Mexican plant, containing several bitter tonic principles. Unof. Guacin (gwaw/-sin) . [guacol. A bitter resin from guaco ; it is diaphoretic, stimulant, and emetic. Unof. A clot, as of GUACO Guaco (grwaw/-ào) [S. Amer.]. The leaves of Mićania guaco, much used in S. America for snake-bites. It is thought to be of value in chronic rheumatism. Dose of the fld. ext. 3 ss—j. Unof. Various species of Mika- nia and Aristolochia are locally known by this name. Guaiac (gwi/-ak) [S. Amer]. See Guaiacum. Gº- mixture, Fenner's. The Tinctura antacrida [N. F.], a tincture of the resin of guaiacum and Canada turpentine, in which each fluidram contains 9% of a grain of the corrosive chlorid of mercury. G.- test. See Tests, Table of. Guaiacol (gwi/-ak-ol) [S. Amer.], C.HsO2. A sub- stance that occurs in wood-tar, and is also produced on heating pyrocatechin with potassium hydroxid and po- tassium methyl-sulphate to 180° C. It is a colorless liquid that boils at 200° C., and has a specific gravity of I. I.17. It is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetic acid, and is recommended instead of creasote in pulmonary tuberculosis. DCse m i-ij, or gr. ſº-à: Sciolla(1893)found that topical applications of guaiacol reduced bodily temperature, and J. Solis-Cohen and Da Costa (1894) have applied the method successfully in cases of high temperature in typhoid fever and other febrile diseases. The dose is about 30 drops slowly rubbed on the skin of the abdomen or thigh. Unof. Guaiacum (gwiſ-aē-um) [Guaicauans, a tribe of S. A. Indians]. Lignum vitae. The heart of the tree, and also the oleoresin, of G. officinaſe and G. sanctum, a prompt diaphoretic, expectorant, and alterative, efficient in tonsillitis, neuralgic dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and rheumatism, and formerly much used as an antisyphili- tic. Dose gr. x-xxx. G., Mist. (B. P.) Dose 3 j-iss. G., Resina, the resin of the wood of G. officinale. G., Tinct., strength 20 per cent. Dose muv-3.j in mucil- age. G., Tinct., Ammoniat, contains guaiac 20, and aromatic spirit of ammonia 80 parts. Dose my–3 Ss. Guanin (gwaw/-min) [Sp., guano, dung], C5H5NSO. A leukomaine discovered by Unger in I&44, as a con- stituent of guano. Since then it has been found in small quantities in the pancreas, liver, and muscle-ex- tract, and has been shown to be one of the decomposi- tion products of nuclein in both animal and vegetable organisms. In the case of the lower animals it is evi- dently the end-product of katabolic change. It is a white, amorphous powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and ammonia. Guanin and kreatin appear to mutually replace each other—both being substituted guanidins. Guanin is an intermediate product in the formation of urea. It is non-poisonous and a muscle- stimulant. See Capranica’s Tests. Guano (gwaw/-no) [Peruv., huanu, dung]. The ex- crement of sea-fowl found on certain islands in the rainless regions of the Pacific Ocean. It consists es- sentially of alkaline urates and phosphates. It is used externally in certain skin-diseases. Unof. Guarana (gwaw-rah/-nah) [the name of a tribe of S. A. Indians]. A dried paste prepared from the seeds of Pazellinia cupana, found in Brazil. It contains an alka- loid, guaranin, CsPilo N4O2, H2O, identical with caffein. It is employed chiefly in nervous sick-headaches. The commercial preparations are not always trustworthy. Dose of thº, fid. ext., muv-xxx; of guaraningr. j—iij; of the solid ext. gr. iij-x; of the tincture (I in 4) 3 SS—j. Guard (gatºd) [garder, to keepj. An appliance on a knife to prevent too deep incision. G.-cell, in biology, Oile of the two semilunar epidermal cells, inclosing the opening of a stoma in plants. Guardian-cells (gar/-de-an-selz). Same as Guard-cell. Guarinari’s Agar-gelatin. A culture-medium com- posed of &gar-agar 3–4 gms., sodium chlorid 5 gms., peptone &5–30 grims., gelatin 40–60 gms., water 50 c.c., n-eaf-infusion 950 c.c. 535 GUMMA . Guaycuru (gwi-ku-ru/) [Sp.]. The S. American name of various plants, as Statica brasiliensis and S. antarc- tica. The root is a very powerful astringent. Unof. Gubernaculum testis (gu-ber-nak/-zº-lum tes/-tis [L]. The conical-shaped cord attached above the lower end of the epididymis and governing the descent of the testes in fetal growth. Gubler's Tumor. A prominence over the carpus of the dorsum of the hand in chronic wrist-drop from lead- poisoning. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of. - Gudden’s Atrophy Method. A method of demon- strating the connection of a nerve-trunk with a center. If a portion of a nerve-trunk is destroyed in a young, growing animal, the peripheral fibers will undergo Wallerian degeneration, while the proximal cells and fibers connected with the destroyed portion will atro- phy and disappear. G.'s Commissure, a mass of fibers forming the upper (dorsal) part of the optic tracts. They cannot be demonstrated in man except in cases of complete degeneration of the optic fibers proper. G.'s Ganglion, the cephalo-dorsal ganglion of the mamillary body of the brain. G.'s Law. See Alaze. Guérin's Glands. See Glazed. G.'s Method. Treatment, Methods of Guernsey Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Guettard, Glands of. See Gland. Guidi, Canal of. See Canal. Guignet’s Green. Same as Chrome-green. Guillotine (gi/-o-tem) [after Dr. J. I. Guillotin]. A surgical instrument for excision of the tonsils or growths in the larynx, etc. Guimet Blue. Same as French Alue. Guinea (gin/-e) [African]. The name of a district on the west coast of Africa. G. Fever, a form of inter- mittent fever. G.-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. G. Pepper. See Grains of Paradise. G.-pig, an animal of the genus Cavia, used in bacteriologic in- vestigation. G.-worm, the Filaria medimensis, a nematode worm of tropical countries, that in the human tissues in which it burrows may, unless re- moved, develop to a length of several feet, produc- ing inflammatory ulceration. See Thread-worm. G.- worm Disease. See Dracontiasis. Gula (gu'-lah) [L.; pl., Gula]. The gullet; the neck and throat, or the pharynx and esophagus. In biology: I. An exoskeletal piece on the under side of the head of certain insects, behind the mentum and between the genae. 2. The upper portion of the front of the neck of a bird. Gulancha (goo-lan/-kah) [E. Ind.]. The plant, Tinospora cordifolia, of India. Its stems and roots are diuretic, tonic, and antiperiodic. Unof. Gular (guſ-ſar) [gula, the gullet]. Pertaining to the throat, pharynx, or gula. Gulinula (gu-lin/-at-lah) [gula, throat]. In biology, applied by Hyatt to that stage in the development of an actinozoan in which the actinostome or gullet is formed; it follows the hydroplanula stage. Gullet (gul/-et). See Esophagus. - Gum [ME., gumme, gum]. A name loosely applied to the concreted juices of plants. Chemically, a substance yielding mucic acid when treated with nitric acid. See, also, Gums, and the names of the various gums. G. Arabic. See Acacia. G. Benjamin. See Benzoin. G.-boil, abscess of the gum. G. Dammar. See Dammar. G.-plant. See Grinde/ia. G.-resins. See Aesins. G. Tragacanth. See Tragacanth. G.-wood Tents. See Tupelo. Gumma (gum/-ah) [Fr., gomme: pl., Gummata]. A soft, elastic tumor resulting from a peculiar kind of caseation of tertiary syphilitic inflammatory deposits. See GUMMATOUS Gummatous (gum’-at-us) [Fr., gomme, gum]. Of the nature of or affected with gummata. Gummosis (gum-of-sis). [gummi, gum]. In biology, the transformation of plant-tissue into gum. Gums (gumg) [ME., gumme, gum]. I. Amorphous, transparent substances widely disseminated in plants. They form sticky masses with water, and are precipi- tated by alcohol. They are odorless and tasteless. 2. See Gingiva. Gun-cotton. See Pyroxylin. Gunjah (gun/-jah). See Cannabis. Gunstock Deformity. A deformity caused by fracture of either condyle of the humerus, in which the long axis of the fully extended forearm deviates outwardly from that of the arm. Günzburg’s Test. See Tests, Table of Gurgling Sound. The peculiar sound caused by a gas passing through a liquid. It is heard in breathing, when the bronchi or pulmonary cavities contain fluid, and is observed upon palpation of the abdomen in enteric fever and other conditions in which the bowel is distended with gas and contained liquid. Gurjun Balsam (ger/-jun.) [E. Ind.]. Balsamum dipterocarpus, wood-oil. An oleo-resin obtained from several species of Dipterocarpus, trees native to South- ern Asia. It is similar to copaiba but more decided in therapeutic effects, and is less unpleasant. It is an admirable expectorant, useful in true leprosy. Dose mux–3 ij, in emulsion. Unof. Gussenbauer’s Suture. See Suture. Gustation (gus-ta/-shun) [gustare, to taste]. The sense of taste; the act of tasting. G., Chromatic, the symptom of luminous sensations aroused by the sense of taste of certain substances. Gustative (gus/-tat-iv). See Gustatory. Gustatory (gus/-tat-o-re) [gustare, to taste]. Per- taining to the special sense of taste and its organs. G. Bud, a taste - bud. G. Cell, a spindle - cell from the interior of a taste-bud. G. Nerve. See AVerzie. Gut [ME., gut, intestine]. A common name for intes- tine. G. Suture. See Caſgut. G.-tie, volvulus as occurring in the horse. Gutta (gut/-ah) [L. : pſ., Gułaj. A drop. Also, freely used as a minim or sixtieth part of a fluid dram. G. nigra, or Black-drop, a dilute acetic acid containing saffron, and flavored with sugar and nutmeg. Unof. G. rosacea. See Acne. G. rosea. Synonym of Acne rosacea. G. serena, a synonym of Amazºrosis. G.-percha, a substance obtained from the milky juice of different trees of the genus Di- chopsis (/sonandra). It forms a fibrous mass, varying in color from nearly white to reddish or brownish, looking like leather-clippings cemented together; it has a specific gravity of .979. Hard and somewhat elastic at the ordinary temperature, at 25°C. (77°F.) it becomes soft, and at 50° C. º F.) it can be kneaded or rolled into plates. It is largely used in insulating wires and cables; the best solvents are oil of turpen- tine, chloroform, and carbon disulphid. G.-p., Liq., a solution in 91 parts of commercial chloroform with 9 parts of lead carbonate. It is employed as a pro- tective application to slight wounds and eruptions. See, also, 7%aumaticin. Guttate (gut/-ät) [guſta, a drop]. In biology, spotted as if by drops of something colored. Guttatin (gut-a/-tim) : [gutta, a drop]. ceutic term signifying drop by drop. Gutter-water Passages. The liquid stools of a brownish color discharged in typhoid fever. Guttula (gut/-u-la/.) [L., dim. of gutta, a drop: pl., Gut- tulae]. In biology, a small spot of color. A pharma- 536 GYMNODONT Guttulate (gut/-u-lat) [guttula, a small drop]. In bi- ology, resembling small drops of oil or resin. Guttur (gut/-er) [guttur, the throat]. The throat with reference to the trachea. G. tumidum. Syno- nym of Goiter. - - . Guttural (gut/-u-ral) [gutturalis, pertaining to the throat]. Pertaining to the throat. G. Pouch, in the horse one of the large air-sacs, diverticula from the Eustachian tubes and lying behind the upper part of the pharynx. Gutturomycosis (gut-u-ro-mi-Éo/-sis) [guttur, throat; pairmg, fungus]. An ulcerative affection of the guttural pouches of horses and mules, produced by the parasitic fungus, Gutturomyces equi. Gutturo-palatine (gut/-u-ro-pal/-at-in) [guttur, the throat; palatum, the palate]. Relating to the pha- rynx and the palate. - Gutturo-tetany (gut/-u-ro-tet/-an-e) [guttur, throat; fetanus, tetanus]. A form of stuttering in which the pronunciation of such sounds as g, A, Q, is difficult. Guyon's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Gymnanthous (jim-man/-thus) [yuuvóg, naked; āv6oc, flower]. In biology, applied to flowers wanting in floral envelops. Gymnasium (jim-ma/-ze-um) [yvuv6ſ, naked]. A place designed and fitted with appliances for the systematic exercise of the muscles and other organs of the body. Also, in Germany, a high-school. Gymnastic (jim-nas/-tä4) [yvuvóg, naked]. Pertaining to bodily exercise, or to the science of preserving health by bodily exercise. Gymnastics (jim-nas/-tiás) [yvuvóg, naked]. The science of preserving (and of restoring) health by bodily exercise. G., Medical, any physical exercise designed to restore or promote health. G., Ocular, regular muscular exercise of the eye to overcome muscular insufficiency. G., Swedish, a system of exercises to restore strength to paretic muscles, and found useful in a great variety of abnormal chronic conditions. - Gymnaxony (jim-mažs/-on-e) [yvuvóg, naked; āşov, axis]. In biology, a monstrous flower in which the placenta, with its ovules, protrudes from the ovary. Gymnoblastic (jim-no-blas/-tić) [yvuvóg, naked; 6%aotóg, germ]. In biology; applied to those hydroid polyps in which the zoöids are not inclosed in horny receptacles. Gymnobranchiate (jim-no-brang/-ke-āt) [yvuvóg, na- ked ; 8payria, gills]. In biology applied to those molluscs that have naked gills; nudibranchiate. Gymnocarpous (ſim-no-kar/-pus) [Yvuvóg, naked; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit naked ; applied to lichens and fungi in which the apothecia and hymenia are naked or exposed. Gymnocaulus (jim-no-kaw/-/us) [yvuvóg, naked; Kavā6ç, stalk]. In biology, the immature contractile cord or stalk of a polypid. Gymnoceratous (ſim-no-ser/-at-us) [yvuvóg, naked; képaç, horn]. In biology, applied to certain insects with prominent antennae. Gymnocidium (jim-no-sid’-e-um) [yvuvóg, naked: Ž/., Gymnocidia]. In biology, the swelling at the base of the spore-case in certain mosses. Gymnocladus (ſim-no/º/-/ad-us). See Chicot. Gymnocyta (ſimi-no-si'-tah)[yvuvóg, naked; kitoc, a hol- low]. In biology, a naked-celled, unicellular organism. Gymnocytode (jim-no-si/-täd) [yvuvóc, naked; kitoſ, a hollow]. In biology, a naked, non-nucleated, unicellu- lar organism, as a gregarine while in the monerad stage. Gymnodont (jim/-no-dònt) [yvuvóg, naked; 660üç, tooth]. In biology, having naked teeth; applied to certain fishes, as the parrot-fish, the globe-fish, etc. GYMNOGEN Gymnogen (jim/-no-jen) [yvuvóg, naked; yewfic, pro- ducing]. Same as Gymnosperm. Gymnogenous {jim-no/-en-us) [yvuvóg, naked; yewſ.g., producing]. In biology, applied to birds that are naked when hatched. Gymnogynous (jim-no/-in-us) [yvuvóg, naked; yová, female]. In biology, applied to such plants as have the ovary uncovered. Gymnomyxine (jim-no-miks/-īn) [yvuvóg, naked; plíša, slime]. In biology, applied to the lower pro- toZOa. . Gymnorhinal (jim-nor-i/-naz) [yvavág, naked; bic, nose]. In biology, applied to birds having the nos- trils naked or unfeathered. Gymnosomatous (jim-no-så/-mat-us) [yvuvóg, naked; očjua, body]. In biology, applied to certain molluscs that produce no shell; specifically, naked pteropods. Gymnosperm (ſim/-no-sperm) [yuuvóg, naked; otépua, seed]. In biology, a plant characterized by having naked seeds (not inclosed in a pericarp), as in the coniferae. Gymnospore (jim/-no-spor) [yvuvóg, naked; otópog, a seed]. In biology, a naked spore. - Gymnostomous (jim-nos/-to-mus) [yvuv6c, naked; otóga, mouth]. In biology, applied to such mosses as have the mouth of the sporangium destitute of a peristome. - Gynae- ( 㺠See Gyme-. Gynaecology (jin-e-ko/-o-je). See Gynecology. Gynaecomastia (jin-e-ko-mas/-te-ah). See Gyneco- mastia. - Gynander (jin-an/-der) [yvv%, woman; āvāp, man]. A man of effeminate or woman-like qualities. Gynandria (jin-an/-dre-ah) [yvvá, woman; man]. The same as Hermaphroditism. Gynandrism, or Gynandromorphism (jin-an/-drizm or jin-an/-dro-mor/ºftzm) [yvv%, woman; āvāp, man; popºff, form]. Hermaphroditism. Gynandromorphism (jin-am-dro-morf/-īzm) [yvvá, female; āvāp, male; uoppſ, form]. In biology, ap- plied to such insect-monstrosities as combine both male ànd female characters. Gynandrophore (jin-an/-dro-fôr) [yvvá, female ; &v%p, male; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, a stalk raising the stamens and pistils above the insertion of the corolla. - Gynandrosporous (jin-an-drosſ-por-us) [yvyń, female; ăvăp, male; otópog, a seed]. In biology, applied to certain algae that bear both male and female reproduc- tive organs (očgonia and androspores) on the same plant. Gynandrous (jin-an/-drus) [yivavópoc, of doubtful sex]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils more or less intimately united. Gynantherous (jin-an/-ther-us) [yvv}, female; āvěmpóg, flowering]. In biology, applied to flowers in which the stamens have been converted into pistils. Gynatresia (jin-at-re/-ze-ah) [yvvá, woman; arpmata, atresia]. Vaginal atresia. Gynecatoptron (jin-eč-at-op/-trom) [yvvá, woman; Károttpov, mirror]. A vaginal speculum. Gynecian (jin-e'-se-an) [yvvi, a woman]. to women. Gynecic (jin-e'-sik) [yvv%, woman]. WOIOleIn. Gynecium (jin-e'-se-um) [yvuff, female; oikoç, house]. In biology, the name applied to the pistils of a flower taken as a whole. Gynecologic (jin-e-ko-loj/-ä) [yvvń, a Wöyog, science]. Relating to gynecology. Gynecologist (jin-e-ko/-o jist) [yvvá, a woman; Aóyoc, science]. One who practises in gynecology. ãvñp, Pertaining Relating to woman ; 537 GY RUS Gynecology (jin-e-ko/-o-ſe) [yvvá, a woman ; 26).og, science]. The science and therapeutics of the diseases of women. Gynecomania (jin-e-ko-ma/-ne-ah) [yvvá, woman; pavía, madness]. Satyriasis. Gynecomastia (jin-e-ko-mas/-te-ah) [yvvh, woman; gaoróg, breast]. I. The excessive development of the breast of a man, either with or without atrophy of the testicles. 2. The secretion of milk by the male. Gynecomasty (jin/-e-Åo-mas-de). See Gynecomastia. Gynecomazia (jin-e-ko-ma/-ze-ah) [yvv%, woman ; gačáç, breast]. Same as Gynecomaszia. Gynecopathy (jin-e-koff’-ath-e) [yvvá, woman; Táffog, disease]. Any disease of, or peculiar to, women; the study of diseases of women. Gynecophore (jin/-e-ko-for) [yvv%, female; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, the canal or receptacle in certain male worms, in which the female is retained, as in Bil- Aarzia. Gynephobia (jin-e-fo/-be-ah) [yvvá, woman; 0630¢, fear]. Morbid aversion to the society of women. Gyniatrics (jin-e-a/-triás) [yvv%, woman; laſpeia, therapy]. Gynecology, or gynecologic therapeutics. Gynobase (ſin/-o-bás) [yvvá, a female; 340tg, base]. In biology, an elevated portion of the receptacle of a flower, bearing the ovary. Gynocardia (ſin-o-Aar/-de-ah). See Chaulmoogra. Gynodiecious (jin-o-di-e'-se-us) [yvv%, female ; dig, two; olkoç, house]. In biology, having pistillate flowers on one set of plants and perfect flowers on an- other set. * - Gynomonecious (jin-o-mo-ne/-se-us) [yvvſ, female; plóvog, single; oiſſog, house]. In biology, having both pistillate and perfect flowers upon the same plant. Gynophore (jin/-o-for) [yvvá, female; pepeiv, to bear]. In biology: (a) The stalk of a pistil raising it above the receptacle; (b) The branch of a hydroid gono- blastidium that bears only generative buds containing OVale Gynoplastic (jin-o-plas/-tić) [yvvá, woman; 77aatikóg, suitable for moulding]. Pertaining to the closing of unnatural openings, or to the dilatation of contracted, narrow openings in the female organs of generation. Gynostegium (ſin-o-ste/-je-um) [yvuff, female ; a Téym, a roof|. In biology, the sheath or covering of the gynecium, or female portion of a flower taken as a whole. Gypsum (jip'-sum) [yinpoc, lime]. Native calcium sul- phate. See Calcium. Gyral (ji/-ral) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. to a gyrus Or to gyri. Gyration (ji-ra/-shun) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. A turning in a circle ; also, giddiness. Gyre (jir) [gyrus, a circle]. A convolution, and a more commendable word than the polysyllable. Gyrophora (ji-roff’-or-ah)[Yipoc, ring; popeiv, to bear]. A genus of lichens, some species of which afford the frize de roche, a rock-tripe of Northern Canada. Though tough, acrid, and unpalatable, these lichens are sometimes eaten when other food is not to be had. Gyropsoriasis (ji-ro-sor-i/-as-is) . [] vočg, round; "popiaotº, a skin-disease]. Psoriasis occurring in cir- cular patches. Gyrosa (jī-ro/-sah) [yüpoc, a circle]. A variety of gastric vertigo in which, when the patient is standing, everything turns around him, and he must close his eyes to avoid falling. Gyrospasm (ji/-ro-spazm) [yüpoc, circle; aſſao/16¢, spasm]. A peculiar rotary spasm of the head, and Sometimes a nodding spasm. Gyrus (ji/-rus) [gyrus, yipog, a circle : £7, Gyril. A convolution of the brain. See Convolution. Pertaining H. Abbreviation of Hypermetropia. symbol of hydrogen. Aſaustus, a draught. Haarlem Blue. Same as Mineral Blue. Habena (hab-e'-nah) [L., “a rein”]. I. A peduncle of the conarium. A slight ridge at the dorsal margin of the mesal surface of the thalamus, with a dorsal convexity, extending from the porta to the supracom- missure, which unites it with its opposite. 2. A bandage or strip of plaster for a wound. Habenal, or Habenar (hab-e'-mal, or hab-e'-mar) [ha- bena, a rein]. Relating to the habena. Habenula (hab-em/-u-lah) [habena, a rein]. A ribbon- like structure. The superficial gray nucleus of the optic thalamus in front, and superior to the posterior commissure. H. conarii. Same as Habena. H. pectinata, perforativa, and tecta (or arcuata), names of different zones, or portions of the basilar membrane of the internal ear; called also Zona pecti- 72ača, etc. Habenular (hab-em/-u-lar) [habena, a rein]. ing to an habenula. Habit (hab/-it) [habere, to have]. I. That condition or quality that one naturally possesses, or that may be ac- quired. 2. The tendency to repeat an action or condi- tion. 3. In biology, the general aspect of a plant or animal and its mode of growth. H.-chorea. See A.-spasm. H., Full, of a plethoric constitution. H.- spasm ; Habit-chorea, Convulsive Zic ; Gilles de la Zourette’s Disease. A choreic disease characterized by simply localized spasmodic movements, or such movements combined with explosive utterances and psychic symptoms (convulsive tic). Habit-spasm In chemistry, the In pharmacy, the symbol of Pertain- 538 H is confined chiefly to young girls, and is marked mainly . by spasmodic action of the facial muscles or of the head. Convulsive Tic or Gilles de la Zourette’s Disease is a psychosis allied to hysteria, and occurring usually in children of a neurotic tendency. It is marked by involuntary muscular movements, usually affecting the facial or brachial muscles, and by explosive utterances that may resemble a bark or an imarticulate cry. A word heard may be mimicked at once and repeated over and over again, usually with the involuntary movements. To this the term AEcholalia has been ap- plied. Coprolalia, or the use of bad language, is another symptom, and occasionally actions are mim- icked (echokinesis). These may also be associated with curious mental disturbances, the patient becoming the subject of a form of obsession or a fixed idea. Habitat (hab/-it-at) [habitare, to dwell]. The natural locality, or geographic range of an animal or plant. Habitation (hab-it-a/-shun) [habitatio, a dwelling]. A dwelling-place. The home, dwelling-place, or natural locality of an animal or a plant. Habitus (hab/-it-us) [habere, to have]. eral appearance or expression. Habromania (/ab-ro-ma/-me-ah) [á6póg, plavía, madness]. delusions. Hachement (ha/s/l-mong)/) [Fr., hacking, or chop- ping]. In massage, a succession of strokes, usually with the ulnar edge of the hand, sometimes with the border of the percutor. Hackberry (ha/-6er-e). See Celtis. Hacking (ha/-ing). See Zapotement and Hache- 772ezzº. - Haddock (had/-ok) [ME., haddok, haddock]. fish, Gadus agleſinus, closely allied to the cod. A habit; gen- graceful; Insanity with pleasant or agreeable A It HALF is said that the oil of the liver of the haddock is some- times mixed with cod-liver-oil; but such admixture is probably rare, as it greatly impairs the market value of the oil. Unof. Haeckel’s Law. See Zazv. \ Haema- (hem/-ah-) [alpua, blood]. A prefix signifying some relationship with the blood. For words (unless unanglicized) thus beginning, see Hema-. Haemal (hem/-al). See Hemal. Haemanthin (hem-an/-thin). See Hemanthin. Haematoxylin (hem-at-oks/-iſ-in). See Hematoxylon. Haemin (hem/-in). See Hemin. Haemo- (hem/-o-). For words thus beginning see Aſemo-. Haemorrhage (he/-or-àj). See Hemorrhage. Haeser and Neubauer’s Formula. A formula for estimating from the specific gravity the total amount of solids in the urine; it is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes. The estimation is made by multiply- ing the last two figures of the specific gravity by the factor 2.33, the product of which represents the num- ber of grams of solids in IOOO c.c. of the urine ; this must be multiplied by the number of c.c. of the urine under examination and divided by IOOO in order to obtain the correct amount of Solids. Hagenia (haj-e/-ne-ah). See Ausso. Hager's Reagent. A reagent for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of the ferrocyanid of iron and caustic potassa. Hahnemannism (hahn/-e-man-izm). opathy. Haidinger's Brushes. A visual phenomenon seen upon directing the eye toward a source of polarized light, due to the doubly-refractive character of the elements of the macula. Hair (hâr) [ME., here, hair]. The hirsute appendage of the skin. Each hair consists of a bulb and a shaft. The former is situated in the true skin, but is enveloped in a sheath of epidermis. H.-blanching. See Can- ities. H.-bulb, a whitish, soft, bulbous enlargement at the proximal extremity of the root of the hair. H.- cap Moss, Robin's Rye; the leaves and stems of Polytrichum juniperum, a powerful diuretic. Dose of the decoction ad lib., of the fla. ext. 3 j-ij. Unof. H.-despoiler, an individual who is afflicted with a form of sexual perversion, in which the feelings are aroused during the act of mutilating or cutting-off the hair of the victim. H.-follicle. See Follicle. H.- gland, a minute sebaceous gland of the hair-root. H.-knob, Henle’s term for a hollow, bulbous hair- root. H.-papilla, the nipple-like process of the corium from which the hair grows. H.-pigment, the coloring-matter of the hair. H.-pith, the medulla of a hair. H.-root, that portion of a hair contained in the follicle. H.-shaft, the part of a hair above the root. (See illustration, page 539.) Hairy (hâr/-e) [ME., here, hair]. Covered with hair; consisting of hair. H. Heart. See Trichocardia and Cor villosum. H. Tongue. See AVigrities. Halberd-shaped (ha/-berd-shapi). Same as Hastate. Hale (hâl) [ME., heil, in good health]. Sound; healthy; robust. Half (haſh)f) [ME., half, half]. One of two equal parts. H.-bath. See Bath. H.-breed, a popular term applied to offspring whose parents belong to different races. H.-lying, in massage, reclining at an angle of about 45°. H. Neck-rest, in massage, having one hand supporting the neck posteriorly. H.-wit, a See Home- HALICORE weak-minded person; an idiot. H.-witted, idiotic; weak in intellect. Root OF A HAIR AND ITs EPIDERMIC SHEATH. 1, I. External layer of epidermic sheath. 2, 2. Its inferior ex- tremity. 3, 3. Internal layer. 4, 4. External layer of cuticle of hair. 5. Root of hair. 6. Bulb of root. 7, 7. Its periph- eral or fibrous portion. 8. Its central or medullary portion. 9, 9. Internal layer of cuticle of hair. - Halicore (hal-iā’-or-e) [ä%g, sea; kópm, maiden, mer- maid]. See Dugong. Halimeter (hal- im’-et-er) [äAvkic, saltness; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the propor- tions of water in milk by means of its power to dis- solve common salt. Halisteresis (hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [ážc, salt; otépmotº, privation]. The loss by fully-formed bones of 94 to % their lime-salts, resulting in osteomalacia. Halituous (hal-iº/-u-us) [halitus, breath]. Moist, as if from having been breathed upon ; applied to the skin. Halitus (hal/-it-us) [L., a vapor]. A vapor. Also, ex- pired breath. H. oris foetidus, tainted or foul breath. H. sanguinis, the characteristic smell of the blood, peculiar to each kind of animal. Hall's (Marshall) Disease. See Diseases, Table of H.'s Method. See Artificial Respiration, Haller, Ansa of. See Ansa. H., Circle of. See Cir- cle and Circulus. H., Cones of, the Corzi vasculosa. H., Fretum of. See Frefum. H., Line of. See Lines, Table of H., Network of, the Reſe vascu- Josum of the testis. H., Passage of, in the embryo the narrow passage joining the auricle and ventricle of the heart. Hallex (hal/-eks) [L.]. See Hallux. Hallucal (hal/-u-ka/) [hallux, the great toe]. taining to the hallux, or great toe. Hallucinatio (hal-lev-sin-a/-she-o)[L]. Hallucination. H. hypochondriaca. Synonym of Æypochondriasis. Hallucination (hal-lew-sin-a/-shun) [hallucinari, to wander in mind.]. The highest degree of subjective Per- 539 HAMANN’S ACID CARMIN sensation, dependent alone upon morbid stimulation of the sensory cortical centers. There is the percep- tion of non-existent objects or impressions, creations of the imagination. Hallucinations are variously classed as hypochondriac, hypnagogic, motor, nega- tive, pseudo-sensorial, unilateral, visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, hemiopic, epileptoid, etc. Hallux, or Hallus (/a/-u/s or /a/-us) [L.]. The great toe. The great toe when overriding the second toe. H. dolorosus. See //, flexus. H. flexus ; Aſa/ux rigidus ; Aſa/ux do/orosus ; a condition allied to and perhaps identical with hammer-toe, in which there is flexion of the first phalanx of the great toe. The second phalanx is usually extended upon the first, and there is more or less rigidity of the metatarso- phalangeal joint. H. rigidus. See A. ſexus. H. valgus, displacement of the great toe toward the other toes. H. varus, displacement of the great toe away from the other toes. Halo (ha/-/o) [ážog, a threshing-floor]. I. The brown- ish circle about the female nipple, called also the areola. 2. The luminous or colored circles seen by the patient about light in glaucoma. Halogen (/a/-o-jen) [ažg, salt; Yevvāv, to produce]. In chemistry, an element that forms a compound of a Saline nature by its direct union with a metal. The halogens are chlorin, iodin, bromin, and fluorin, to which cyanogen may be added as a compound halogen. Halogenic (hal-o-jen/-ić) [ä2g, salt; yewvāv, to pro- duce]. Salt-producing; producing haloids. Haloid (%a/-oid) [ä2ç, salt; elóoc, likeness]. Any one of those compounds that consist of a metal directly united to chlorin, bromin, iodin, fluorin, or cyanogen. Halophilous (hal-off’-i/-us) [ä%, salt; piãog, loving]. In biology, applied to plants growing in salt marshes and along sea-coasts. Halstern's Disease. See Diseases, Table of Halt (hawl.) [ME., halt, lame]. I. Lame. 2. To limp. 3. A disease in sheep. Halter (haw/-ter)[ä%Tàp, a leaping weight: pl. Halteres]. In biology, one of the rudimentary hinder wings of a fly; it is also called poiser or balancer. Halteripterous (hal-ter-ip/-ter-us) [ážTàp, a leaping weight; Trépôv, wing]. Having halteres; applied to dipterous insects. - Halved (hahvā') [ME., half, half]. In biology, applied to bilaterally symmetric organs in which one side is wanting, as in certain leaves. Ham [ME., hamme, the ham]. That part of the leg between the knee-joint and the hip-joint. H.-string, one of the tendons of the posterior muscles of the thigh. Also, to cripple by cutting the tendons of the muscles of the thigh. H., Inner, the tendons of the semimembranosus, Sartorius, and semitendinosus muscles. H., Outer, the tendons of the biceps flexor cruris. Hamamelin (ham-am-e/-lin) [äuapºig, a kind of med- lar or service-tree]. A precipitate from a tincture of the bark of witch-hazel, Hamamelis virginica, it is astringent, tonic, and sedative. Dose gr. j—iij. Unof. Hamamelis (ham-am-e'-lis) [äpia, together with: piñ%ov, apple-tree : gen., Hamame/idis]. Witch- hazel ; the leaves of A. virginica, with properties not fully known. It is thought to be tonic, styptic, and sedative, and appears to affect the circulation in a manner similar to aconite. It is highly recommended as a hemostatic. A preparation of this drug is sold under the name of Pond's Extract. H., Fld. Ext. Dose muj-3.j. H., Tinct. (B. P.) (alc.), 1 in Io. Dose muij-v. Hamann's Acid Carmin. See Stains, 7&6/e oy. HAMARTHRITIS Hamarthritis (ham-ar-thri/-täs) [äua, together; āpôpov, a joint; trug, inflammation]. Gout involving all of the . Joints. Hamate or Hamose (ha’-mat, /a/-mâs) [hamus, a hook]. In biology, hooked, uncinate. Hamburg Blue. Same as Berlin Blue. H. White. See Pigments, Conspectus of H. Yellow. Same as Chrome-yellow. Hamilton's Bandage. See Bandage. Hammarsten's Theory of Coagulation. A theory that claims that fibrin is formed from one body only, namely, fibrinogen. Hammer (ham/-er) [ME., hamer, a hammer]. In anatomy, the malleus. H.-bone, the malleus. H.- cramp. See Cramp, Blacksmiths’. H., Thermal. Same as Cautery Button. H.-toe. See Aal/ux. Hammerman’s Cramp. A spasmodic, and sometimes painless, affection of the muscles of the upper extrem- ity. It is seen in those that use a hammer, and is due to OVer-uSe. Hammock (ham/-ok) [Span., hamaca, a hanging mat]. A couch or bed made of netting or canvas, suspended at the ends. It is much used aboard vessels and in tropical regions; it has been used latterly in the transportation of the sick and wounded. Slings for fractured legs, etc., are sometimes called ham- mocks. Hammond’s Disease. 7able of Hamular (hamſ-2/-/ar) [hamus, a hook]. Pertaining to or shaped like a hook. Hamulate, Hamulose (ham/-u-Zāt, -lós) [hamus, a hook]. Hooked or hook-shaped. Hamulus (ham/-at-lus) [dim, of hamus, a hook ; pl. and genz., Aamuli). In anatomy, a hook-shaped pro- cess, as of a bone; any unciform process. H. of the Cochlea, the hook-like process of the osseous lamina at the cupola. p Hamus (/a/-mus) [L., a hook: p!., Hamij. In biology, a hooked process found on the wings of certain in- sects, which, together with the ſendo, helps to keep the wings to- gether during flight. Hamy’s Plane. See A/azze. Hanchinol (han/-chin- o/). See Aeimia. Hancock’s O p era - tions. See Operations, able of Hand [ME., /, a n d, See Aſhetosis, and Diseases, hand]. The organ of prehension in bimana º and quadrumana, com- º º posed of the carpus, º the metacarpus and the HAND, PALMAR SURFACE. I. Scaphoid. 2. Semilunar. 3. Cuneiform. 4. Pisiform. 5. Trapezium. 6. Groove, for ten- phalanges. H., Ape. See Main em griffe. H., Claw. See AZain ene don’of flexor carpi radialis. 7. griffe. H., Dropped. Trapezoid. 8. Os magnum, 9; See Dropped H.- Unciform. Io, 10. Metacarpal , - . g bones. 11, II. First phalanges gout. See Chiragra. of fingers. 12, 12. Second H.-litter. See Stretch- phalanges. '# º . Phº, a’ - anges. I4. F1rst phalanx O er. H., Monkey. See ºš. 15. Second phalanx. Main en griffe. Handkerchief (hang/-Aer-chif) [ME., hand, hand; Aercheſ, a kerchief]. A square piece of cloth for wiping the face or nose. H., Barton’s ; a handker- 540 HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING chief is folded in the form of a cravat, and the body is so placed on the point of the heel that the portion on the outer side of the foot is one-third longer than the other portion. The short part is held parallel with the sole of the foot while the long part is carried across the instep, turned round the inner part, carried back under the sole of the foot and looped round its own side. The two ends are then tied together for the purpose of exerting traction. Handkerchief-Dressing. A form of temporary dress- ing for wounds and fractures made of handkerchiefs. There are two varieties, viz., crazyats, in which the handkerchiefs are folded into rolls like cravats; and triangles, the handkerchiefs being folded diagonally in the form of triangles. The most important cravats are the following: C., Abdomino-inguinal ; two hand- kerchiefs are folded into cravats and their ends tied together. The body of one is placed beneath the thigh, close up to the nates; the ends are brought to the front, crossed over the groin, then carried round the opposite sides of the body, and tied together on one side rather than behind, so that the knot shall not press injuriously upon the back. C., Axillo-acromial. See C., A'arieto-axillaris. C., Axillo-cervical ; the body of the cravat is placed in the axilla, the ends crossed over the shoulder, and tied on the opposite sides of the neck. C., Cervical; a handkerchief is formed in- to a cravat, the body placed on the front, back, or sides of the neck, according to the part to be dressed, the ends are carried around, crossed on the opposite side and re- turned, and fastened with pins. C., Compound Bis- axillary; for this two handkerchiefs in cravat form are required. One is tied as an axillo-acromial cravat through one axilla, while the body of the other is placed in the opposite axilla, and its ends, being brought across the chest, one in front and the other behind, are passed through the loop of the first and tied in front of the breast. C., Compound Bis-axillo-scapulary; form two handkerchiefs into cravats. Tie one as a loose ring, or form the axillo-acromial cravat of one side, and, placing the body of the other in front of the opposite shoulder, bring the ends back, one over the shoulder and the other through the axilla ; then form these into a single knot, and complete the dressing by passing the ends through the ring or loop of the other cravat, and tying them into a knot. C., Fronto-oc- cipito-labialis; the handkerchief is formed into a cra- vat and the middle portion is placed upon the forehead; the ends are carried back, crossed upon the posterior part of the neck, brought forward under the ears and crossed over the upper lip. This is used to approximate lip-wounds. C., Ilio-inguinal, a double cravat, also called the sacro bi-crural cravat of Mayor. The body of a long cravat is placed over the body of the sacrum, the two extremities are brought around the body down in front of each groin and around the thighs,to be fastened on the opposite side of the body. C., Ilio-inguinal, or the cruro-pe/vic cravat of Mayor. The body of a large cravat is placed over the inguinal region, the up- per extremity is carried around the body, the lower ex- tremity around the thigh, and the two ends knotted in front. C., Metatarso-malleolar; place the body of the cravat obliquely across the dorsum of the foot; carry one end under the foot and up in front of the ankle, and the other around the leg above the mal- leoli, fastening them together in front of the joint. C., Parieto-axillaris ; one handkerchief is formed into a cravat, and its body is placed in the axilla, the ends tied over the shoulder, forming the axillo-acromial crazyat. A second handkerchief is made into a tri- angle, and its body placed over the side of the head, and its ends tied into the first over the shoulder. It is HAN DIKERCHIEF-DRESSING - 541 used to approximate wounds on the side of the neck and to prevent contraction after burns. C., Simple Bis-axillary; place the body of the cravat in the axilla, cross the ends over the shoulder, and after carrying one across the back and the other across the breast, tie them together at the an- terior border of the axilla of the opposite side. C., Simple Bis-axillo-scapulary; this is a posterior fig- ure-of-eight, and is best formed with a strip of muslin three inches wide and ten yards long. Place the center of the strip in front of the shoulder and the axilla; bring one end back over the top of the shoulder and the Fronto-occipital Triangle. Brachio-cervical Triangle. \ Scroto-lumbar Triangle. ſº Cravat (double). (Suspensory Bandage of the Scrotum). The Sacro other through the axilla, cross them between the scapulae, carrying the axillary end over the shoulder of the opposite side and back through the axilla, and the humeral end forward through the axilla, the two over- lapping each other; then fasten their ends front and back. This is an extemporaneous dressing for fracture of the clavicle. C., Tarso-patellar; this requires three handkerchiefs, all in cravat-form. One is to be placed about the knee as a figure-of-eight; a second round the foot in front of the ankle; the third is passed through the loop of the latter, the ends being carried on either side through the figure-of-eight of the Auriculo-occipital Triangle. i-crural Cravat of Mayor. HANDKERCHIEF-IDRESSING knee, and pinned or tied as they are turned downward. C., Tibial; place the body of a handkerchief, folded into a cravat, obliquely across the posterior surface of the leg, and carry the extremities around the limb, the one below the knee, and the other above the malleoli. Mayor’s Bandage for Fractured Clavicle ; the arm is flexed at a right-angle and confined to the side of the chest by a triangular handkerchief, the base being placed above the forearm and the two extremities fastened on the back, the apex hanging down in front. The two folds forming the apex are carried up between the arm and the body and the under one is passed to Nº } Triangular or Hunter's Cap of the Head. | Oblique Triangle of the Arm and Chest. Mayor’s Bandage for Fractured Clavicle. Ilio-inguinal Cravat. (The Cruro-pelvic Cravat of Mayor.) the sound shoulder, while the upper one is carried to the affected shoulder. A broad piece of bandage is fastened to one apex and carried beneath the handker- chief at the back and is then brought up and fastened to the other apex on the opposite shoulder. The most important triangles are the following : T., Auriculo-occipital, a variety of handkerchief-dress- ing for the head, used in keeping an application to the ear in proper place. The base of the handkerchief is placed in front of the ear to be covered, and the apex directed backward. The lower end is next carried under the jaw and up over the face in front of the HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING ear on the sound side, where it is made to meet the upper end, the two being tied together. T., Bi-tem- poral, a form of handkerchief head-dressing, the base being placed over the temporal region upon one side and the apex over the other. The ends are carried round to the opposite temple, crossed, brought back, and secured with pins, and the summit or apex is turned up and pinned above the temporal ridge. T., Fronto-occi- pital, a variety of handkerchief-dressing in which the base is placed over the forehead, while the summit is allowed to hang down over the occiput. The ends are next carried backward along the sides of the head, above the ears, and either tied behind the occipital pro- tuberance, or crossed, brought forward, and pinned at each side. The apex is then turned forward and pinned to the body of the handkerchief. T., Malleolo- phalangeal ; form the handkerchief into a triangle ; place the base under the foot opposite to the instep ; fold the summit back over the toes and the dorsum of the foot, and carry the ends round the malleoli, mak- ing them fast in front. Tie the ends in front, or cross them over the dorsum and tie under the sole of the foot. T., Mammary; fold a handkerchief into a triangle; place its base under the breast and its apex over the corresponding shoulder; then carry one end under the axilla and the other over the opposite side of the neck, tying the two behind the scapula of the affected side, and pin to these the summit. T., Oblique, of the Arm and Chest; the base of the triangle is placed under the wrist, the apex being allowed to project beyond the elbow. The extremity that is next to the chest is carried over the opposite shoulder, the other extremity being passed through the axilla of the injured side and tied with the first extremity over the sound shoulder. The apex is folded backward around the elbow and fastened. T., Occipito-frontal ; the same as the fronto-occipital, only that the handkerchief is re- versed, the base being placed over the occiput. T., Occipito-sternal ; one handkerchief is formed into a triangle and another into a cravat. The latter is tied around the chest, forming the sterno-dorsal cravat. The body of the former is placed over the occiput and its apex over the forehead. The ends are brought down on each side of the face and fastened to the cravat about the chest. The apex is turned backward over the vertex, and pinned. T., Palmar; the base of the handkerchief is placed across the back or the front of the wrist, according as it is designed to dress the palm or dorsum of the hand; the summit is folded back upon the wrist, and secured there by carrying the ends around the same. T., Scroto-lumbar. See 7., Suspensory. T., Simple Brachio-cervical; the arm being flexed at a right-angle the base of the triangle is placed under the wrist, and the two extremities are tied around the neck, the knot being thrown to one side. The apex is brought round the elbow and pinned in front. T., Suspensory ; Scroto-lumbar Triangle; fold one handkerchief into a cravat and tie it around the loins; form another into a triangle, the base of which should be placed under the scrotum, and the extremities brought up, passed beneath the circular cravat and tied in front. The apex is next carried up, passed beneath the abdominal cravat and turned down in front, where it may be fastened with a pin. T., Vertico- mental, a form of handkerchief head-dressing in which the body of the handkerchief is placed over the vertex, the ends brought down over the ears and crossed under the chin, carried upward and pinned to the de- scending portion of the handkerchief. The apex is brought round one side of the head, and secured with a pin. The Triangular or Hunter's Cap of the Head ; a piece of material is secured, with the side 542 HAPTODYSPHORIA sufficiently long to pass over the head and fasten under the chin. First fold it transversely across until one side is within an inch of the oppositeside; the short side is then placed beneath ; the two corners of the folded edge are turned inward, forming a triangle. The two extremities of the triangle are taken in either hand, and while kept tense are twisted and rolled up to the extent of two inches. Lifting the bandage and approxi- mating the hands cause the two sides to separate. It is placed on the head with the thin edge over the fore- head and the rolled edge around the back of the neck. The ends are brought under the chin, and tied. Handwriting (hand”-ri-fing). See Graphology. Hanging (hang/-ing)[M.E., hangynge, hanging]. Death by suspension of the body from the neck, by a rope provided with a slip-noose. The immediate cause of death may be asphyxia, cerebral hemorrhage (from strangulation), or dislocation or fracture of the cervi- cal vertebrae. Hangmail (hang/-nāl) [AS., angmagſ, a sore by the nail]. A partly detached piece of epidermis at the root of the nail, the friction against which has caused inflammation of the abraded surface. Haouwa [E. Ind.]. Synonym, in Bagdad, of Asiatic Choſe?'a. Hapantismus (hap-an-tiz'-mus) [ätraç, entire]. plete adhesion between parts or surfaces. Haphalgesia (haf-al-je/-ze-ah) [ä%, touch ; āAyoc, pain]. Painful touch by bodies ordinarily not pain- ful. Com- Haphemetric (ſhaft-e-met/-rić) [ä%, touch ; uérpov, measure]. Relating to esthesiometry. See Asthe- s?ometer. . Haphephobia (haft-e-fo'-be-ah) [äpff, contact; $630g, fear]. The morbid dread of touching persons or things; mySophobia. Haphonosus (haſ-on/-o-sus) [äft, touch; v6ooç, dis- ease]... Any disorder of the sense of touch. - Haplodermitis (hap-ſo-der-mi/-tis) [äTA60¢, simple; Öéppa, skin; trug, inflammation]. A simple or un- complicated skin-inflammation. Haplodont (hap/-/o-dont) [ättä.60g, single; 6600g, (óóóvt), tooth]. In biology, applied to animals whose molar teeth have simple or single crowns. Haplolichen (hap-lo-li/-ken) [ät?.60ſ, single; Welzhv, lichen]. Same as Zichen simplex, Q. v. - Haplomelasma (hap-lo-me/-a2/-mah) [áTA60g, simple; pué%aopia, a livid spot]. Simple melasma. Haplomorphous (hop-lo-mor/ſus) [dir%60g, simple; poppſ, form]. In biology, applied to the simpler forms of certain groups. Haploëphone (/ap-lo’-o-fôn) [ättä60g, single; pová, voice]. In biology, applied to the form of the syrinx in certain birds (e.g., Xenicidae) which have but one intrinsic syringomyon. Haplopathy (hop-loſº/-ath-e) [ättä60g, simple; Táffoc, illness]. Any uncomplicated disease. Haplopetalous (hap-lo-peº/-al-us) [dt/Łóog, single; Tétahov, leaf). In biology, having but a single circle of petals. Haplophyma (haft-loºft/-mah) [ättä60ç, simple; pipia, a tumor]. A simple tumor, - Haploscope (hap/-lo-sköp) [árà60ſ, single; akoteiv, to see]. An instrument for measuring the visual axes. Haplostemonous (hap-lo-ste/-mon-us) [ättä60ſ, single; otáudy, a thread]. In biology, having but a single circle of stamens. Haplotomia, Haplotomy, (hop-ſo-o'-me-ah, Aap-lot'. o-me) [ättä60g, simple; touff, a cut]. A simple inci- S1CIl. Haptodysphoria (/ap-to-disſo’-re-ah) [äTróg, tactile, touched; jig, difficult; popóg, bearing]. The disagree- HARAMAITISM able sensation aroused by touching certain objects, as velvet, a peach, or a russet apple. Haramaitism (har-am-a/-it-izm) [Anglo-Indian; from Aſaram wzaiti, the name of an Hindu offender in this way]. Child-marriage in India; also, the collective physical evils that result from that system. Hard [ME., hard, hard]. Solid; firm to the touch. H.-hack, the leaves and twigs of Spiraea tomen- Zosa, it is astringent and tonic, and a popular New Eng- land remedy in diarrhea and cholera infantum. Dose gr. v-xv, in decoction; of the flá. ext. 3 ss—j. Unof. The shrub Potentil/a fruticosa is locally called hard- hack; its properties are the same as those of the species named. H. Palate. See Palate. H. Pitch. See Aitch. H. Resins. See A’esins. H.- tack, a form of biscuit used in the navy and army. Hardenbergia (har-dem-ber/je-ah) [after Countess Aardenberg]. A genus of Australian leguminous plants. The root of H. monophylla, called lilac, and Sarsaparilla, is said to be a good substitute for true sarsaparilla. Unof. Hardening (hard’-en-ing) [ME., hard, hard]. A stage in the preparation of tissues for microscopic ex- amination. See Alcohol, Ammonium Chromate, Ammonium Bichromate, Potassium Bichromate, Miller's Fluid, Erlicki’s Fluid, Chromic Acid, Alein's Fluid, Rab/’s Fluid, Corrosive Sublimate, Picric Acid, in Stains, Table of Alcohol for pieces under I inch square, and the bichromate solutions for larger masses, are best for general use; others in special cases; but in all, full twenty times the bulk of the object should be used. See Stains, Table of Harder’s Glands. See Glazza'. Hare’s Method. A method of determining the posi- tion on the skull corresponding to the fissure of Rolando. The pre-Rolandic region occupies 55.7 per cent. of the distance from the glabella to the 11] 1 OIl. Hare-eye (/ar/-ä). Harelip (hâr/-/ip). Congenital fissure of the lip due to arrested facial development. The scheme of the formation of cleft is shown in the annexed illustrations. H., Complicated, with cleft or malformation of the superior maxillary bone also. H., Double, two clefts of the lip, or one of each lip. Twisted or Harelip Suture, a figure-of-8 suture about a pin thrust through the lips of freshened edges of the cleft. For opera- tions for single harelip see Clemot's, Collis's, Dieffen- &ach’s, Giraldés', Graefe’s, Aſagedorn’s, A/a/gaigne’s, A/irault's, Meloton’s, Paré’s, Aose’s, Stokes' Opera- tions; and for operations for double harelip see Barde- Jeffen’s, Alandin’s, Butcher's, Desault's, Franco's, Gensoul’s, Zangenbeck's, Rose’s, Sédillot's, Smith’s Operations, in Operations, Table of Harlequin (harſ-le-AEwin) [OF., harlequin, a harlequin]. Variegated; party-colored. H. Fetus, a fetus with congenital ichthyosis, general seborrhea, or diffuse keratoma. Such subjects are always born prematurely, and have no external ears, eyelids, or lips. Harmalin (har'-mal-in) [äpuažaj, Cls His N.O. A yellowish crystalline substance used as a dye. See Aigments, Conspectus of Harmonia (har-mo/-ne-ah) [äpplovia, harmony]. A suture (also a mode of suture) between two bones that are apposed closely and immovably upon each other. Harmonics (har-mon/-īās). See Over-tones. Harpoon (har-poon') [Fr., harpon, a grappling-iron]. An instrument for the removal of bits of living tissue for microscopic examination. Harrison's Groove. A transverse curve passing out- ward from the level of the ensiform cartilage toward See Zagophthalmos. 543 HATTERS’ DISEASE the axilla. It may be deepened at each inspiration in certain diseases, e.g., rickets. Hartig's White Mass. A substance for injecting tissues. Dissolve 125 gms. of lead acetate in enough water to make the whole weigh 500 gms. Dissolve 95 gms. of sodium carbonate in enough water to make the whole weigh 500 gms. One volume of each of these solutions is mixed with two volumes of strong gelatin solution. Hartmann’s Elixir. An elixir containing camphor 50 parts, and saffron I part, in alcohol 350 parts. H.’s Tubes, small tubes devised to be passed through a perforated drum-membrane for the purpose of irriga. ting and draining the middle-ear cavity. Hartshorn (harts/-horn). I. Cornu name popularly given to ammonium hydrate. Ammonium. - cervi. 2. A See SCHEME OF FORMATION OF THE FACE AND ARREST OF ITS DEVELOPMENT. A. First appearance of the face. I, II, III, IV. The four vis- ceral arches. ſ. Frontal process. I. Inner nasal process, 2. Outer nasal process. 3. Superior maxillary process. 14. In- ferior maxillary process. 5, c. First and second visceral clefts. a. Eye. 2. Tongue. B. Normal union of the em- bryonic parts. Z. Intermaxillary bone. A'. Nasal orifice. O. Nasal tear-duct. U. Lower jaw (m, abnormal dilatation of the mouth, constituting makrostomia). C. Arrest of the development, constituting oro-nasal cleft. D. Arrest of de- velopment showing an “oblique facial cleft' (Q). Harvest-bug. See Zeptus autumnalis. Hashish (hash/-esh). See Cannabis. Hasner's Valve. A fold of the mucous membrane of the nasal duct at the lower orifice. It is not of con- stant occurrence. See Walze. Hassall, Concentric Corpuscles of. Peculiar bodies found in the medulla of the thymus gland. They consist of a central granular part, around which are: disposed layers of flattened nucleated endothelial cells arranged concentrically. Hastate (has/-tät) [hasta, a spear]. In biology, shaped like the head of a spear; halberd-shaped. Hastifolious (has-fif-o'-le-us) [hasta, a spear; folium, a leaf). In biology, having hastate leaves. Hatters’ Disease. A form of constitutional mercurial poisoning occurring in the makers of hats; also a HAUNCH skin-disease, arising from the use of mercury and ar- senic; also an acute irritation of the respiratory tract caused by the fumes of nitrogen tetroxid; all of these chemicals being used in hat-making. H.’s Con- sumption, a form of pneumonitis occurring in hatters from inhalation of the fur and dust arising during the process of “finishing and pouncing.” Haunch (hawnch or haſnch) [Fr., hanche, haunch]. The part of the body including the hips and the buttocks. Haustellum (haws-te/-um) [haustrum, a machine for drawing water: pl. , Haustella]. In biology, the sucking-apparatus of an arthropod. - Haustorium (haws-toº-re-um) [haustus, haurire, to draw: pl. , Hausdoria]. In biology, the penetrating organs of certain parasitic plants, by means of which they obtain nourishment from their host. Haustus (haws’-tus) [haurire, to draw]. In phar- macy, a draft. A portion of medicine in the form of a draft. Haut Mal (ho-mah/). See Epilepsy. Havanna-brown. Same as Phenyl-brown. Havers, Canals of. See Canal. H., Glands of. See Gland. H., Spaces of, large and irregular spaces found in growing bone mainly, though also to a lim- ited extent in adult bones. Haversian Canal (hav-er/-zhe-un). See Bone and Canal. H. System, a system in bone, consisting of a central opening, or Haversian canal, surrounded by a number of concentric rings. Haw [ME., haw, an excrescence in the eye]. I. The third eyelid, nictitating membrane, or winker of a horse. 2. A diseased or disordered condition of the third eyelid of the horse. Hawking (haw/-king)[ME., hauk, to hawk]. Clearing the throat by a peculiar expiratory current of air. Hawley’s Food. A variety of Liebig’s foods for infants. Its composition is: Water, 6.60; fat, O.61 ; grape-sugar, 40.57; cane-sugar, 3.44; starch, Io.97; soluble carbohydrates, 76.54; albuminoids, 5.38; ash, I. 50. Hay (ha) [ME., hay, hay]. Grass, cut and dried. H.-asthma. See Fever, Æay. H.-cold. Same as Aay-fever. H.-fever. See Fever. Hay's Method. See Treatment, Methods of H.’s Re- action. See Strassburg’s Test, in Tests, Table of. H.’s Test. See Tests, Table of Haya Poison (ha/-yah) [said to have been named after Mr. John Aay]. A powerful toxic agent from tropical Africa, said by some to be derived from some species of erythrophleum ; but this has been disputed. A solution of its impure alkaloid (I to 2 per cent.) is a powerful local anesthetic, more persistent in its effects than cocain. Haycraft's Method. A method for the estimation of uric acid in solutions. When uric acid is precipitated by an ammoniacal solution of nitrate of silver in the presence of the ammonio-magnesic mixture (see Salkowski-Zudwig Method), the precipitate is stated to contain one atom of silver to each molecule of uric acid. The uric acid is then determined by dissolving the precipitate in HNO3, in which solution the silver is finally estimated volumetrically with a standard solution of potassium sulphocyanate. See Oric Acid. Hayden's Viburnum Compound. See Viburnum. Hayem's Corpuscles. See Blood-plates. H.’s Fluid, a fluid used in hematology. It consists of distilled water, with the addition of sulphate of sodium, two and one-half per cent.; pure chlorid of sodium, one- half per cent.; and bichlorid of mercury, one-fourth per cent. Hayward's Treatment. After the operation of arthrec- tomy for tuberculous disease, Hayward packed the 544 HEART cavity with lint saturated with dilute sulphuric acid, one-third the official strength, to hasten the separation of diseased tissues, to stimulate granulations, and to secure ankylosis. Head (hed) [ME.; hed, the head]. The anterior or upper part of the body. That part of the body con- taining the brain or central nerve-system. Also, the upper end of a long bone, as the femur. H.-ache, any pain in the head, general or local, arising from any cause whatever. According to Hughlings-Jack- son, frontal headaches, such as “ sick ’’ and “bili- ous” headaches, are due to disorders of the digestive system; headache at the vertex, to cerebral troubles; and occipital headache, to anemia. Eye-strain is a frequent source of headache, especially in the frontal region. H.-breeze, Electro-therapeutic, a device for general static cephalic electrization by a head-plate, with numerous insulated pencils for subdividing and accumulating strong currents, and giving more grad- ual effects. See Static Breeze. H.-birth, the birth of the fetal head first, H.-drop, a peculiar nervous disease seen in Japan during the spring and early sum- mer, supposed to be miasmatic in origin. It is at- tended with inability to hold the head erect, paralytic symptoms in the limbs, and optic disorders. One at- tack predisposes to others. H.-fold, an inflection or tucking-in of the layers in front of and beneath the head of the embryo. H.-gut. See Fore-gut. H.-kidney. Same as Pronephros. H.-light Oil. See Burning Oil. H.-locking, a term in obstetrics denoting the entanglement of the heads of twins at the time of birth. H.-measurements. See Craniometry. Heal (hel) [ME., helen, to heal]. To make whole or sound ; to cure. H.-all. See Collinsonia. Healing (he/-ling) [ME., helen, to heal]. Union and cicatrization of a wound; applied generally to the cure of disease. H. by First Intention, without the granulating process. H. by Second Intention, by the intermediation of granulations. H. by Third Intention, the direct union of two already granulat- ing surfaces. Health (helth) [ME., ſhelth, health]. That condition of the body and its organs necessary to the proper performance of their normal functions. A hale or whole condition of body. H.-lift, an apparatus for exercising those muscles by which weights are lifted directly upward. Hear (her) [ME., heren, to hear]. €2.1". - Hearing (her/-ing) [ME., heren, to hear]. The special sense by which the sonorous vibrations of the air are communicated to the mind. The cerebral center is excited by the vibration of the fluid contents of the labyrinth, or terminal organs of the auditory nerve. Sound presents three elements, pitch, intensity, and timbre. The first depends upon the number of the aërial vibrations; the second upon their amplitude; the third upon their form. Heart (hart) [ME., hard, heart]. The organ giving the initiative and chief impulse to the circulation of the blood. It is enveloped by a membranous tissue called the pericardium. It consists essentially of four cavities, a right auricle and ventricle, and a left auricle and ventricle. The movements of the heart may be re- corded by means of the cardiograph, and these tracings, or cardiograms, may be of value in the study of diseased conditions. H., Dilatation of, the abnormal increase in size of any or all of the cavities of the heart. H.-burn, a burning feeling at the epigastrium and lower part of the chest, caused by the acetic or putrefactive fermentation of the gastric contents. H.- clot, coagulation of the blood in the cardiac cavities; To perceive by the HEART cardiac thrombosis. H.-disease, any functional or organic pathologic condition of the heart. H., Fatty, a name given to two distinct pathologic conditions of the heart-tissue. In the first there is a true fatty de- generation of the muscular fibers of the heart; and in the second there is an increase in the quantity of sub- pericardial fat—a fatty infiltration. The former and ANATOMY OF THE HEART, RIGHT SIDE. I. Cavity of right auricle. 2. Appendix auriculae. 3. Superior vena cava. 4. Inferior vena cava. 5. Fossa ovalis; the rominent ridge surrounding it is the annulus ovalis. 6. ustachian valve. 7. Opening of the coronary vein. 8. Coronary valve. 9. Entrance of the auriculo-ventricular opening. Between the figures I. and 9, several foramina thebesii are seen. a. Right ventricle, 5, c. Cavity of right ventricle. e,f, Tricuspid valve. g. Long columna carnea. h. The “long moderator band.” i. The two columnae carneae of the right curtain. k. Attachment of chordae tendineae of the left limb of the anterior curtain. 1, 1. Chordae tendineae of the “fixed curtain ‘’ of the valve. m. Valve of the pulmonary artery, 71. Apex of left appendix auriculae. o, Left ventricle. , p. Ascending aorta. g. Its transverse por- tion. r. Descending aorta. ANATOMY OF THE HEART, LEFT SIDE. I. Cavity of left auricle. 2, Cavity of the appendix auriculae. 3. Opening of the two right pulmonary veins. 4. The sinus into which the left pulmonary veins open; 5. Left pulmon- ary veins. 6. Auriculo-ventricular opening. 7. Coronary vein. 8. Left ventricle. , 9, 9. Cavity of the left ventricle. a. Mitral valve, b, b, b. Columnae carneae. c, c. Fixed columnae carneae. d. Arch of the aorta. e. Pulmonary artery, f. Obliterated ductus arteriosus. . g. Left pulmon- ary artery.. h. Right ventricle, i. Point of the appendix of right auricle. 545 I, I. Upper lobes of lungs. H: Heart. a. Auricle... v. Ventricle. A. Arterial; Áº: ſº § HEART most serious condition is due to a deficiency in the supply of oxygenated blood to the heart, arising either from local or general causes. It gives rise to asthma, angina pectoris, and a tendency to syncope and sudden death. The second condition is usually asso- ciated with general obesity, and may present the same symptoms as the first. H.-hurry, Paroxysmal. See Zachycardia. H., Hypertrophy of, an abnor- mal increase in the muscular tissue of the heart. See, º § £ºš §§ ºğ HoRIZONTAL SECTION of LUNGs AND HEART. 2, 2. Lower lobes. 3 Dorsal ver- - 5. Heart. 6 Right auricular appendix. 7. Superior vena cava. 8. Aorta. 9. Pulmonary aſtery. 19. Left auricle. 11. Left auricular appendix 12. Mouths of right pulmonary veins. 13. Mouths of left pul- monary veins. . I4. Thoracic aorta. 15. Esophagus. (See: also ºp. 113 and 370.) tebra. 4, 4. Two ribs. B.P - * ---- * * \ g f SCHEME OF THE BLooD-PRESSURE. - * - * * C, capillary; The circle indicates the parts within the B, P. Pressure in the aorta. V, venous areas. thorax. also, Hypertrophy. H.-murmurs. See J/wrºto- H.-scald. Same as H.-burn. H.-shock, Latham's term for sudden cardiac breakdown during exertion, not due to rupture of a valve. H., Sounds of, the sounds observed in auscultation of the heart, occurring synchronously with systolic contraction and the closure of the valves, etc. H., Valves of. See Vahle. H.-starvation, Fothergill's term for a form of cardiac asthenia occurring in adult age, and characterized by feeble circulation, cold extremities, tendency to ver- tigo, and pseudo-apoplectic attacks, but with absence of arcus senilis. It is due to general ill-nutrition, 35 HEART worry, over-work, and loss of sleep. Cardiograms of some pathologic conditions of the heart are appended, P, Q. Hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle. E. Stenosis of the aortic orifice. F. Mitral insufficiency. L. Exophthalmic goiter. Ja, Ó Contraction of the auricles. 5, c. Ventricular systole. d, Closure of aortic valve. e. Closure of pulmonary valves. £, ſ. Diastole of the ventricle.) Heat (/º/) [ME., Meeſe, heat]. A mode or rate of vibration of ethereal, atomic, or molecular, or wave- motion. Within certain limits of intensity it is essential to the development of all organized beings; above a certain degree, it is destructive to all organization and life. As regards the body, heat indicates a temperature above 98.6° F. (37° C.). In physiology, the period of sexual excitement in the females of many animals. H., Animal, the heat generated within the bodies of living animals by the liberation of the latent heat con- tained in the food. H.-apoplexy. See /inso/a/ion. H.-asphyxia. Same as Znsolation. H.-centers, certain points situated about the mesal and lateral aspects of the corpus striatum, supposed to have the function of regulating or inhibiting the production of body-heat. H.-eruption. Synonym of Æczema. H.-fever. See Insolation. H., Latent, physiolog- ically, the potential energy existing in a complex proteid molecule, and which is liberated by the sim- plification of the latter, or the katabolic processes of the organism. H., Prickly. See Orſicaria. H., Specific. See Specific. H.-spot, a freckle. Also a synonym of AEczema solare. H.-stroke, a nervous affection characterized by sudden syncope, enfeebled circulation and respiration, caused by exposure to intense heat. It is called also Sunstro/*e. H.-unit, the unit quantity of heat. It is the amount of heat necessary to raise one pound of water through one de- gree of temperature. Heaves (hevz) [ME., heven, to raise], . A disease of horses, characterized by difficult and laborious respira- tion. It is also called ‘‘ broken wind.” Heavy Oil. See Creasote Oi/. Hebephrenia (he-be-fre/-ne-ah) [ffſłm, puberty; ppäv, mind.]. A special form of mental derangement i 546 HEDERIC ACID occurring in young persons at or soon after the age of puberty. Hebephreniac (he-be-fre/-ne-aſſ) [#3m, puberty; ºphy, the mind.]. One who is affected with hebephrenia. Hebephrenic (he-be-fren/-ik) [#3m, puberty; ºphy, the mind.]. I. Affected with hebephrenia. 2. One who is affected with hebephrenia. Heberden's Asthma. See Asthma, and Diseases, Zable of H.’s Rheumatism. See Diseases, 7able of H.’s Nodes. See AVodes, and Signs and Symp- toms, Zable of H.’s Nodosities. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Hebetic (he-bet/-īk) [#37tutóg, relating to puberty]. Relating to puberty or to adolescence. Hebetude (heb’-e-tūd) [hebetudo; hebes, blunt]. Dul- ness of the senses and intellect. A term applied to the state of partial stupor in affections of the brain. Hebetudinous (heb-e-fu'-dim-us) [hebetudo, hebes, blunt]. Affected with hebetude. Hebra’s Arsenical Paste. A paste also known as Cosme's Paste. It is used in treating lupus vulgaris. It consists of arsenious acid, Io grains; artificial cin- nabar, V4 dram; ointment of rose-water, 94 ounce. It is spread on linen and applied accurately by means of a pad and bandage. H.’s Erythema. See Dis- eases, Zable of H.’s Pityriasis. See Diseases, Zable of H.’s Prurigo. See Diseases, Table of Heckle-cell (he/-/-sel) [ME., he/e/e, a heckle; cella, a cell]. An epidermal cell having minute, hard, horny projections from its cell-wall. *. Hectic (he/-tić) [šktukóc, habitual or consumptive]. Habitual. A word now commonly used in connection with certain constant symptoms of pulmonary tuber- culosis, as H. Fever, the febrile symptoms concurrent with pulmonary tuberculosis. H. Flush, the flushed cheek accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis. H. Spot. Same as //. Flush. Hectocotylization (he/-to-Koº-i/-īz-a/-shum) [škaróv, a hundred ; Kottºm, a small cup). In biology, applied to the peculiar sexual modification of the arm of the male cephalopod, or its use as a fertilizing-organ. Hectocotylus (hek-to-kot/-i/-us) [Škarów, a hundred; Kottºm, a cup). In biology, a specialized arm in . certain male cephalopods, which contains the sperm- cells, and is detached and deposited within the mantle- cavity of the female. Hectogram (he//-to-gram) [Škatów, one hundred ; ypágua, a weight]. One hundred grams, or I543.2349 grains. Hectoliter (hek/-to-le-ter) [škatów, hundred; Airpa, a pound]. One hundred liters, equal to 22.009 imperial gallons, or 26.4 U. S. gallons. Hectometer (he/-/o-me-ter) [škarów, hundred; plérpov, a measure]. One hundred meters, or 328 feet, I inch. Hedeoma (he-de-o'-mah) [#6üç, sweet; bouff, smell]. American Pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of A. pulegioides, distinguished by their aroma. Its proper- ties are due to a volatile oil. It is stimulant and carminative, and has some value as an emmenagogue. It is useful in the flatulent colic of children. Its odor is extremely repulsive to fleas and mosquitoes. H., O1. the volatile oil. Dose mij-x. H., Spt., unof., Io per cent. of the oil in alcohol. Hedera (hed/-er-ah) [L.]. A genus of woody vines. H. helix, the true or European Ivy. Its wood is used in making issue-peas. A decoction of the leaves has been used as an alterative and antibechic. The berries are purgative and emetic. The gum is emetic and stimulant, and is useful in toothache. Unof. Hederic Acid (hed-er/-ik) [hedera, European Ivy]. An acid derivable from the leaves of Æedera helix, of which it shares the medicinal qualities. Unof. HEDERIN Hederin (hed/-er in) [hedera, European Ivy]. An in- tensely bitter alkaloid from the seeds of Hedera helix. It is said to be actively febrifuge. (The gum of ivy has also been called hederin.) Hedge-hog Crystals. Crystals of urate of soda found as a urinary deposit. The crystals are globular, with spiny projections, and may cause severe vesical irrita- tion. Hedge-hyssop (hej-his/-up). See Gratiola. Hedonia (he-do'-ne-ah) [īāová, pleasure]. Abnormal cheerfulness; amenomania. Hedonism (hed/-o-nigm) [fföovh, pleasure]. The pur- suit of pleasure; in psychic medicine, the unreasoning pursuit of some hobby or whim. Hedrocele (hed/-ro-sel) [Éópa, anus; kham, tumor]. A hernia in which the part protrudes through the notch of the ischium. Also, prolapsus of the anus. Hedrosyrinx (hed-ro-si'-rinks) [Éópa, anus; funda- ment; ouply:, pipe). Fistula in ano. Hedwigia (hed-wij/-e-ah) [after Johann Hedwig]. A genus of amarydaceous trees. H. balsamifera, of the W. Indies, affords a resin, not unlike copaiba in its uses. The bark is antiperiodic, and contains a convulsivant alkaloid, which would appear to be a powerful heart-depressant and antithermic. Hedyosmon (hed-e-os/-mon) [?)0üç, sweet; bogſ, odor]. A genus of tropical chloranthaceous trees and shrubs. H. arborescens, a tree of Jamaica, affords a remedy for dyspepsia. H. nutans, a shrub of the W. Indies, has leaves that are good for headaches. Heel (hel) [ME., heel, heel]. The hinder part of the foot. H. -bone. See Calcaneum. Hegar's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Hegar-Kohrn Method. See Treatment, Methods of Heidenhain, Demilune Cells of. See Demilume and Crescent of Gianuzzi. H.’s Method. See Stains, Table of H., Parietal Cells of. See Delomorphous. H., Rods of. See Rods. H.’s Solution. See Stains, Table of Heimia (him/-e-ah) [after Ludwig Heim, a German botanist]. A genus of lythaceous shrubs of N. and S. America. H. salicifolia (hanchinol), found in Texas and far to the South, is resinous, antisyphilitic, hemostatic, and febrifuge. Unof. Heintz’s Method. A method of estimating uric acid in the urine, Take IOO c.c. of urine. Add to this 5 c.c. of HCl, Lay the mixture aside for 24 hours. Collect the crystals on a weighed filter-paper, wash with dilute HCl ; dry at IOO’C., and weigh. The increase in weight will give the percentage of uric acid. Heisch's Test. See Tests, Table of Heister’s or Heisterian Valve. A fold of mucous membrane in the cystic duct arranged in a spiral. Heitzmann’s Theory. The theory that the axis-cyl- inder of a nerve-fiber is ordinary connective tissue modified for the transmission of special impulses. Hekistotherm (hek-is/-to-therm) [fficiotoc, least, worst; 6épum, heat]. In biology, a plant that can subsist with a minimum of heat, e.g., a member of the Arctic or Antarctic flora, Helcoid (he/-koid) [éâkoç, ulcer; eiðoc, likeness]. Resembling an ulcer. . Helcology (hel-ko/-o-je) [ÉWKoç, ulcer; Aóyog, science]. The pathology and treatment of ulcers. Helcoma (hel-ko'-mah) [šākaua, an ulcer; pl., Helco- mata]. An ulcer. Helcomenia (hel-ko-me/-ne-ah) [ÉWKoç, ulcer; uſiv, month]. Vicarious menstrual discharge from an ulcer. Helcoplasty (he/-ko-plas-te) [8%Roç, ulcer; Tāāooeuv, to shape]. The treatment of ulcers by skin-grafting. 547 HELICORUBIN Helcopoiesis (hel-Ao-poi-e/-sis) [É%koç, ulcer; Toimatc, making]. The surgical formation of an issue, for counter-irritation. Helcosis (hel-ko/-sis) [É%icoag, ulceration]. The forma- tion and development of an ulcer. Helcotic (hel-Éot/-ié) [ćAkorukóg, pertaining to an ulcer]. Ulcerative; of the nature of or accompanied by ulce, a- tion. Helenin (he/-en-in), CaFIgC). Alant Camphor; Inulol; the active principle of inula. It is a faintly odorous and nearly tasteless, volatile substance, insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, oils, and hot alcohol. It is antiseptic and germicidal, and is recommended for use in diphtheria and tuberculosis. Unof. Helenium (he/-e'-me-um) [É2.Évtov, elecampane]. I. Same as /mula, g. v. 2. A genus of composite North American herbs. H. autumnale, sneezewort, H. nudiflorum, and H. bolanderi are strongly errhine, and are substituted for arnica. H. puberulum is tonic, alterative, and errhine. H. tenuifolium, of the Gulf States, is said to be a destructive cattle- poison. Unof. Helianthella (he-le-an-thel/-ah) [#2toc, the sun; iv6oc, flower]. A genus of North American composite herbs. The root of H. tenuifolia is aromatic, expectorant, antispasmodic, and, in large doses, emetic. It is of reputed service in pulmonary complaints. Dose of the fla. ext. muv-xxx. Unof. Helianthemum (he-le-an/-/hem-um) [#2toç, sun; ivfog, flower]. Frostwort; Rock Rose. The herb H. cama- densé, astringent, aromatic, tonic, and alterative. It is useful in diarrhea, scrofula, and secondary syphilis. Dose of the fla. ext. muw—xx. Unof. Helianthin (he-le-an/-thin) [#7 tog, the sun; &v6og, a flower], CºH,SO,Na,N: N.C, H, N(CH3), Methyl- orange; an orange-yellow powder used as a dye and as a test in analyses. See Pigments, Conspectus of Helianthus (he-le-an/-thus) [ffaloc, sun; avtog, flower]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. The sun- flower. H. annuus, a commonly cultivated species, affords highly useful, oil-bearing seeds, the seeds of some varieties being also edible. H. tuberosus, the Jerusalem Artichoke, has large tuberous roots, some. times eaten when cooked or pickled. Several of the species are medicinal. Helichrysum (he-le-Ari'-sum) [#2toç, sun ; apvoºg, gold]. A genus of old-world composite plants. The European species (as H. arenarium, H. Stoechas) are aromatic stimulants, used in domestic practice. Several South African species (H. auriculatum, im- bricatum, nudiflorum, etc.) are used as pectoral teaS. Helicin (he/-is-in), CaFI,801. A glucosid, produced by oxidizing salicin with HNO3. It dissolves with difficulty in water, crystallizes in small needles, and melts at 175° C. Helicine (he/-is-in) [É%t;, a spiral]. I. Tortile, or spiral in structure. 2. Pertaining to the helix. H. Arteries, arteries proceeding from the profunda penis branches of the pudic, and from the dorsal arteries of the penis. See Azzeries, 7able of Helicogyrate (he/-ić-o-ji’-rat) [8%ts, a spiral; Yipoc, a ring]. In biology, having a spiral annulus, as the spore-cases in trichomanes. Helicoid (he/-ić-oid) [8%uš, a spiral; eiðog, form]. Spiral; coiled like a snail-shell or helix. Helicopepsin (he/-īk-o-pep/-sin) [8%ts, a spirally coiled snail; Téluq, digestion]. A peptic ferment found by Krukenberg in snails. Helicorubin (he/-īk-o-ru/-bin) [šāt;, a spiral, the snail; bov$ivi, ruby]. A pigment of certain invertebrates; the same as Hemochromogen and Ænterohematin, g. v. HELICOTREMA Helicotrema (he/-ić-o-tre/-mah) [šAt;, helix, coil; Tpñua, hole]. The opening connecting the scala tym- fanzi and vestibuli of the spiral canal of the cochlea. Heliencephalitis (he-le-en-seſ-aſ-if-ſis) . [ffaloc, sun; éyképañog, brain; trug, inflammation]. Encephalitis caused by exposure to the sun’s rays. - Heliodorus's Bandage. See Bandage. Heliomyelitis (he-le-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [ffWtog, sun; uve?6¢, marrow; truç, inflammation]. Myelitis caused by ex- posure to the sun’s rays. Helionosus (he-le-on/-o-sus) [#%toç, sun; v6ooç, disease]. Sunstroke. Heliophag (he/-le-o-fag) [ffWºog, sun ; payeiv, to de- vour]. A name given to the animal pigment-cell, as being a supposed absorber of the radiant energy of the Sun's light and heat. Heliophobia (he-le-o-fo/-be-ah) [#2toc, sun; pá8oc, fear]. Morbid fear of exposure to the sun's rays. Heliosis (he-le-o/-sis) [ff, tog, sun]. A sun-bath ; also, sunstroke. - Heliotherapy (he-le-o-ther/-ap-e) [ffWtog, sun; 6epaireia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by exposure of the body to sunlight. Sun-bathing. Heliotrope (he/-le-o-trop) [ff}log, sun; Tpéretv, to turn]. Any plant of the boraginaceous genus Heliotropium. H. europaeum is aperient, and is said to cure warts and ulcers. Unof. Heliotropin (he-le-of/-ro-pin) [ffuoc, the sun; toétretv, to turn]. from Heliotropium europaeum, a European species of heliotrope. Its action is little known. Unof. Heliotropism (he-le-of/-ro-pizm) [ff tog, the sun; Toérretv, to turn]. In biology, that property of a plant or plant-organ by virtue of which it bends toward or away from the sunlight. * Heliotropy (he-le-of/-ro-pe) [#%tog, the sun; Tooth, a turning]. Same as Heliotropism. Helix (he/-liás) [8%tº, a coil]. The margin of the ex- ternal ear. Hellebore, Black. See Helleborus. H., White. See Veratrum album. Helleboreïn (he/-eč-or-eſ-in). See Helleborus. Helleborin (he/-e-bo-rin) [éWAé8opog, hellebore], Cºs- Hg,Os + 4H.O. A crystalline glucosid of Helleborus viridis, insoluble in water. It is a cardiac and ner- vous poison of great intensity. See Helleborus. Helleborism (he/-eč-or-izm) [é2%egopičev, to dose with hellebore]. The treatment of disease with hellebore; the morbid condition induced by the free exhibition of hellebore. - - Helleborus (he/-eč/-or-us) [é%é6opog, hellebore: gen., Helleborij. The root of H. miger, black hellebore, with properties due to two glucosids, helleborin, Cº- H12O6, and helleborein, CogPI, Ols. It is a drastic hydragogue cathartic, and emmenagogue, and was for- merly a popular remedy for insanity, dropsy, and amenorrhea. He//efforeinz is sometimes used in cardiac affections as a substitute for digitalis, its action being obtained by smaller doses and with less irritation. H. nigri., Ext. Unof. Dose gr. j—x, cautiously. H. nigri., Ext., Fld. Unof. Dose mij–xv. Helle- borein. Unof. Very soluble in water. Dose gr. 1 I 5-T0. Héñeſ's Tests. See Tests, 7able of Hellmund’s Ointment. A narcotic ointment composed of acetate of lead, IO parts; extract of conium, 30 parts; balsam of Peru, 30 parts; Sydenham's lauda- num, 5 parts; and cerate, 24O parts. Helmerich’s Ointment. An ointment used in the treatment of scabies. It consists of Sublimated sul- phur, I dram; potassium carbonate, 3% dram; and lard, 6% drams. The ointment should remain in 548 Helmholtz's Apparatus. I. See Piperonal. 2. A poisonous alkaloid HEMABAROMETER contact with the diseased surface for four or five hours. A galvanometer consisting of two equal and vertical coils, with a magnetic needle midway between them. H.’s Ligament. See Liga- ment. H.’s Line. See Lines, Table of: Helminth (he/-minth) [É%puvg, worm]. A worm; an intestinal or entozoic worm. Helminthagogue (hel-minth/-ag-og). maintic. - Helminthiasis (hel-min-ſhi/-as-is) [šAutvöläv, to suffer from worms]. A condition marked by the presence of parasites in the body, especially intestinal worms. Also, a disorder or lesion caused by worms. Helminthicide (hel-minth/-is-id) [ÉWutvº, a worm ; cadere, to kill]. See Vermicide. Helminthics (hel-min/-/i/s). See Anthelmintics. Helminthochorton (hel-min-tho-kor/-ton) [ÉWulvg, a worm ; 26ptog, grass]. See Corsican Moss. - Helminthoid (hel-min/-thoid) [É?puvº, a worm ; elóog, likeness]. Shaped like a worm. - Helminthology (hel-min-thol/-oje) [É%puvg, a worm; Żóyog, science]. A treatise on worms, especially those parasitic within the body. Helminthoma (hel-min-tho'-mah) [ÉAutvº, a worm; àga, a tumor: pl. , Helminthomaſa]. A tumor caused by the presence of a parasitic worm, See Azulam Boil and Guinea-zworm. . Helminthoncus (hel-minth-ong/-kus) [8%plvc, a worm; ôykoç, a tumor]. An old term for a parasitic skin-dis- €a Se. Helminthophobia (hel-min-tho-fo/-be-ah) [É%utvg (śApuv6-), a worm ; $680c, fear]. A nervous state produced by the presence or thought of parasitic WOIII].S. Helminthous Wormy. Helocerous (he-losſ-er-us) [??og, a nail; képaç, horn]. In biology, having capitate antennae. Heloderma (he-lo-der’-mah) [??og, wart; 6épua, skin]. A genus of lizards. H. horridum, of Mexico, and H. suspectum, of Arizona (called Gila Monster), are said to be the only known species of venomous lizards. Helodermatous (he-lo-der/-mat-us) [??og, a nail, wart; 6éppa, skin]. In biology, having a warty or tuber- culous skin. Helodes (he-lo'-dez) [É20¢, a swamp]. Swampy, or marshy. Also, a fever attended with profuse sweat- ing. Also, marsh-fever. Helonias (he/-o/-ne-as) [8%0ç, a marsh]. monocotyledonous plants. H. dioica. Ærzon. Helonin (hel-o'-min) [É%0¢, a marsh]. A crude precip- itate from the tincture of Chamaelirion carolinianum. It is prescribed for uterine affections, and is tonic and diuretic. Caution should be observed in its use. Dose, gr. ii—iv. Unof. - Helopyra (hel-op/-e-rah.) [8%0c, marsh; Túp, fever]. Malarial fever. Helosis (he/-o/-sis) [??oc, nail, bract]. I. A genus of tropical American plants. H. brasiliensis, cayen- nensis, and jamaicensis, are styptic and vulnerary remedies. Unof. 2. An old name for inversion of the eyelids; strabismus; eye-spasm ; plica polonica; the term is now seldom employed. Helvetia Green. See Aigments, Conspectus of . Helvolous (he/-vo-lus) [dim. of helvus, yellow]. Tawny, or reddish-yellow. Helweg, Triangular Tract of. A tract that appears either in juxtaposition with, or as the most ventral part of, the ventro-lateral tract of the spinal cord. Hemabarometer (hem-aē-ar-om/-et-er) [alpa, blood; See Anthel- (hel-min/-thus) [ÉWulvº, a worm]. A genus of See Chamae- HEMACELINOSIS 6apūg, heavy ; Mérpov, measure]. A contrivance for the approximate determination of the specific gravity of the blood. Hemacelinosis (hem-as-el-en-o’-sis) [alpa, blood; km2.Ég, spot; v6ooç, disease]. A synonym of the disease, Aurpura. Hemachroin (hem-ak-ro/-in) [alpa, blood; Xpóa, color]. Same as Hematosin. Hemachrome (hem/-až-röm) [alpa, blood; Xpóſia, color]. The coloring-matter of the blood; hematin. Hemachrosis (hem-ak-ro/-sis) [alpa, blood; Xpéatc, coloring]. I. Redness of the blood. 2. Any disease in which the blood is abnormally colored. IHemacyanin (hem-as-i/-an-in) [alpa, blood; kíavoc, blue]. A blue coloring-matter found in the blood and the bile. " . Hemacytometer (hem-as-i-tom/-et-er). See Hemocytom- efe?". Hemad (hem/-ad) [alua, blood]. I. Toward the hemal aspect; opposed to neurad. 2. A blood-cell or blood-corpuscle. Hemadonosos (hem-ad-on/-o-sos) [aiplôg, blood-stream; v6ooç, disease]. A disease of the blood or of the blood-vessels. Hemadostenosis (hem-ad-o-ste-no/-sis) [aluáç, blood- stream; otevóg, narrow]. Stricture or narrowing of a blood-vessel. Hemadosteosis stream; botéov, bone]. of blood-vessels. Hemadrometer (hem-ad-rom/-et-er). 7/20/72e/e7". - Hemadrometry (hem-ad-rom/-et-re). See Hemadro- mometry. . Hemadromograph (hem-ad-rom/-o-graf) [alpa, blood; ôpóuoc, course; ypáðelv, to write]. An instrument for registering changes in the velocity of the blood-stream. Hemadromometer (hem-ad-ro-mom/-et-er), [alua, blood; 6póuoç, course; puérpov, measure]. A device for measuring the velocity of the blood-current. Hemadromometry (hem-ad-ro-mom/-et-re) [alpa, blood; dpóplog, course; uétpov, measure]. Measurement of the speed of the blood-current. Hemadynamics (hem-ad-i-nam/-īās) [alpa, blood ; Öövapug, power]. Dynamics of the blood-current. Hemadynamometer (hem-ad-i-nam-om/-et-er) [alpa, blood ; Öüvapug, strength ; piétpov, a measure]. A contrivance for measuring the tension or pressure of blood within the arteries. Careful experiments show that, in man, the pressure of blood in the carotid artery is equal to about that of six inches of mercury. Hemafecal (hem-aſ-e/- Áal) [alpa, blood; fex, dregs]. Characterized by bloody stools. H. Jaundice. See Jaundice. - Hemagogue (hem/-ag-og) [alpa, blood; &yoyáç, lead- ing]. I. Promoting the menstrual or hemorrhoidal discharge of blood. 2. An agent that promotes the catamenial or hemorrhoidal flow of blood. Hemahysteria (hem-a-his-teſ-re-ah) [alpa, igrépa, uterus]. Synonym of Memorrhagia. Hemal (hem/-al) [alua, blood]. I. Pertaining to the blood or the vascular system. 2. See Ventral. Hemaleucin (hem-a/-oo/-sin) [alpa, blood; Ževkóg, white]. Fibrin; the white portion of a washed blood- clot. Hemaleukosis º -sis) [alpa, blood; Ževkóg, white]. The formation of the buffy coat of a clot. Hemalopia (hem-al-o'-pe-ah), [aiga, blood; Ölp, the eye). Effusion of blood in the eye; erythropsia. Hemameba (hem-am-e'-bah). [alua, blood; duouff, a change]. A white blood-cell so called from its re- semblance to an ameba. (hem-ad-os-de-o/-sis) [aiuáç, blood- Ossification or calcification See Hemadro- blood; 549 HEMATHERMOUS Hemangioma (hem-am-je-o’-mah) [alua, blood; áyye- lov, vessel; 6p1a, a tumor: pl. , Hemangiomata). An angioma made up of blood-vessels, as distinguished from lymphangioma. Hemanthin (hem-an/-thin) [alpa, blood; &v6og, a flow- er]. An alkaloid from Hemanthus coccineus, it is poisonous, with the general properties of atropin. Hemanthus (hem-an/-thus) [alpua, bloci ; Śvēog, flow- er]. A genus of amaryllidaceous plants; blood- flower. H. coccineus, of S. Africa, affords an arrow- poison, with the general properties of atropin. The plant is a diuretic and cardiant. It affords hemanthin. Unof. Hemaphein (hem-aſ-e'-in) [alpa, blood; patóg, dusky]. A brown coloring-matter from blood, regarded as a decomposition-product of hematin; it is probably the same as urohematin. Hemaphobia (hem-of-o/-be-ah). Hemapoiesis (hem-aft-of-e'-sis). See Hematopoiesis. Hemapoietic (hem-ap-oi-et/-ić). See Hematopoietic. Hemapophysis (hem-ap-off’-is-is) [alpa, blood; āTop- £elv, to put forth]. That part of an ideal or perfect vertebra which forms, the antero-lateral part of the hemal arch. In man, all the hemapophyses are either cartilaginous or detached. Hemaporia (hem-aft-o’-re-ah) [alua, blood ; āTopia, distress]. Any disorder of the blood, e. g. anemia. Hemarthron, Hemarthros (hem-ar/-thron, hem-ar/- thros) [alua, blood; apboov, joint]. Effusion of blood into the synovial sac of a joint. Hemarthrosis (hem-ar-thro’-sis) [alua, blood; apfloatſ, a joint]. Effusion of blood into a joint. Hemastatic (hem-as-tat'-ić). See Hemostatic. Hemastatics (hem-as-fat'-iks) [alua, blood; a Tarakóg, standing]. That branch of physiology treating of the laws of the equilibrium of the blood. Hemasthenosis (hem-as-then-o’-sis) [alua, blood; dotáveta, weakness]. A weakening or deterioration of the blood. See Hematophobia. Hematachometer (hem-at-ak-om/ -et-er). See Hemo- tachometer. Hematangionosus (hem-at-am-je-on/-o-sus) [alpa, blood; dyyetov, vessel; v6oog, disease]. Any disease of the blood-vessels. Hematangiosis (hem-at-am-je-o/-sis) [alua, blood; äyyelov, vessel). Any disease of the blood-vessels. Hemataporia (hem-at-ap-o’-re-ah). See Aſemaporia. Hematapostasis (hem-at-ap-osſ-fas-is) [alua, blood; âtróa Tagug, a standing away from). Unequal distribu- tion or pressure of blood, with congestion or effusion in some part of the body. Hematapostema (hem-at-ap-os-teſ-mah) [alua, blood; âTóormua, abscess: £7, Hemapostemata]. An abscess containing extravasated blood. Hemataria (hem-at-a/-re-ah) [alua, blood]. called blood-animals. Hematedema (hem-at-e-deſ-mah) [alua, blood; oiómua, a swelling]. Swelling due to the effusion of blood. Hematein (hem-aſ-e'-in). [alua, blood], Cisłł,Os. A crystalline principle derivable from, and reconvertible into, hematoxylin. Hemateleum (hem-aſ-el-e'-um) [alua, blood; #2atov, oil]. A yellow or brownish oily fluid obtained by the dry distillation of blood. Hematemesis (hem-at-em/-es-is) [alpa, blood; áušstv, to vomit]. The vomiting of blood from any cause. It may be due to general or constitutional pathologic conditions, or to local conditions. Hematencephalon (hem-at-em-sef/-a/-on) [alua, blood; &ykéjaž0ç, brain]. A hemorrhage or bleeding within the brain; cerebral apoplexy. Hemathermous (hem-ath-er/-mus) 6epuóg, hot]. Having warm blood. The so- [alpa, blood; HEMATHIDROSIS Hemathidrosis (hem-ath-id-ro/-sis). drosis. Hemathorax (hem-ah-tho’-ražs). See Hemothorax. Hematic (hem-at'-i}) [alpa, blood]. Bloody; per- taining to, full of, or having the color of, blood. Also, a blood-tonic. Hematidrosis (hen-at-id-ro/-sis) [alua, blood; iópoong, sweat]. Bloody sweat. Ephidrosis cruenta. A san- guineous perspiration caused by the extravasation of blood into the coils and ducts of the sweat-glands, whence it is carried to the surface, mixed with sweat. See also Chromidrosis. Hematimeter (hem-at-im/-et-er) [alpa, blood; plárpov, measure]. A device for counting the corpuscles in a given volume of blood. Hematimetry (hem-at-im/-et-re) [alpa, blood; uérpov, measure]. The estimation of the number or propor- tion of the blood-corpuscles, as by the hemocytometer or hematimeter. Hematin (hem/-at-in) [alpa, blood], Cai Hss N, Fe0s. A substance produced by decomposing oxyhemoglobin either by acids or alkalies. . It occurs as a scaly but non-crystalline mass of bluish-black color and metallic luster, strongly resembling iodin. It is a very stable substance, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, or benzol, but dissolves freely in dilute acids and in alkaline solutions. For test, see Tests, Table of. Also a synonym for Hematoxylon, 7. v. Hematinic (hem-at-in/-ié) [alpa, blood]. I. Relating to hematin, or serving to increase the proportion of hematin in the blood. 2. An agent, such as iron, which tends to increase the proportion of hematin or coloring-matter in the blood. Hematinometer (hept-at-in-om/-et-er). Aſemog/oôinometer. - Hematinuria (hem-at-in-la/-re-ah) [alpa, blood; oipov, urine]. Same as Hemoglobinuria. See also Hema- furia. Hemato- (hem/-at-o-) [alpa; aiparoc, blood]. signifying blood. Hematobious (hem-at-o/-be-us) [alpa, blood; 8toç, life]. Living in the blood. - Hematobium (hem-at-o’-be-um) [alpa, blood; 3ioç, life]. I. A blood-corpuscle. 2. A blood-parasite. Hematoblast (hem/-at-o-blast) [alua, blood; ſºaoróg, germ]. Blood-plate; a rudimentary or immature red blood-corpuscle. Hematocausis (hem-at-o-kaw/-sis) [alua, blood; Katetv, to burn]. The normal oxidation of certain elements of the blood. Hematocele (hem/-at-o-sel) [alpa, blood; Khàm, a tumor]. A tumor formed by the extravasation and collection of blood in a part. H., Pelvic, an effusion of blood into the pelvis, usually due to rupture of a Fallopian tube, the seat of an extra-uterine preg- nancy. It may also be due to the rupture of an ovary, or of a vein in the broad ligament; it may follow an abortion, the blood escaping through the Fallo- pian tube; or it may be due to retention of the menstrual fluid with escape of the blood. Physical examination, whatever may be the cause, reveals a boggy swelling in Douglas’s cul-de-sac. Hematocelia (hem-at-o-se/-le-ah) [alpa, blood; kothia, a cavity]. An effusion of blood into the peritoneal cavity. Hematocephalus (hem-at-o-sef’-al-us) [alua, blood; kepa/#, head]. An effusion of blood into, or a san- guineous tumor of, the brain. Also a monstrosity characterized by an effusion of blood into the cere- bral hemispheres. Also a vascular tumor that is sometimes observed in the pia mater of anencephalic monstrosities. Same as Hemati- Same as A prefix 550 HEMATOGRAPHY Hematochezia(hem-at-o-ke/-ze-ah)[alpa, blood; Xéetv, to defecate]. The passage of hemorrhagic stools. Hematochrosis (hem-at-o-Aro/-sis) [alpa,blood; xpóotç, coloring; pl., Hematochroses]. I. Any disease char- acterized by discoloration of the skin. 2. A discolor- ation of the skin. - - Hematochyluria (hem-at-o-ki-lu'-re-ah) [alpa, blood; zvā6ç, chyle; oipov, urine]. The presence of blood and chylous material in the urine, due to Filaria san- guin is hominis. It is usually an intermittent condition. Hematocolpos (hem-at-o-ko/-pos) [alpa, blood; kóWTog, vagina]. Hemorrhage into the vagina. Also a collection of menstrual discharge within the vagina, due to atresia or imperforate hymen. . Hematocrit (hem/-at-o-Arit)[alua, blood; Kplthc, judge; Kpivetv, to separate, to judge]. An instrument for making volumetric estimation of the blood by sepa- rating by centrifugal action the corpuscles from the serum. A volume of blood and one of Müller’s liquid (to prevent coagulation) are placed together in each of two small, thick-walled glass tubes, gradu- ated in fifty parts. The tubes rest on brass holders which are fixed on the axes of a revolving apparatus. After some eight thousand revolutions in from five to seven minutes, the process is complete. The corpuscles and the salt-plasma are separated by a narrow band of leukocytes. The instrument is useful in comparing the blood of different individuals. With a little practice the total error is not more than one per cent. Hematocryal (hem-at-ok'-re-al) [alpa, blood; Kpüoç, cold]. In biology, of or pertaining to the cold- blooded invertebrates. Hematocrystallin (hem-at-o-Aris/-tal-in). Aemoglobin. Hematocyanosis (hem-at-o-si-an-o’-sis). Cyanosis. Hematocyst (hem/-at-o-sist) [alpa, blood; Küotic, bladder]. A cyst containing blood. Also an effu- sion of blood into the bladder. Hematocyte (hem/-at-o-sit) [alpa, blood; kötig, cell]. A blood-corpuscle. Hematocythuria (hem-at-o-si-thu/-re-ah) [alpa, blood; körog, cell ; otpov, urine]. The presence of blood- cells in the urine. Same as Synonym of Hematocytometer (hem-at-o-si-tom/-et-er). See Hemo- cytometer. - Hematodes (hem-at-o/-dez) [aiuatóómg, bloody]. Bloody; gorged with or appearing like blood. Hematodiarrhea (hem-at-o-di-ar-e'-ah). Synonym of Dysentery. Hematodynamics (hem-at-o-di-nam/-iés). See Hema- dynamics. Hematodynamometer See Hemadynamometer. Hematodyscrasia (hem-at-o-dis-Åra/-se-ah) blood; jvokpaata, bad temperament]. dyscrasic state of the blood. Hematogenesis (hem-at-o-jen/-es-is) [alpa, blood; yévegaç, production]. The development of blood or of blood-corpuscles; the making of blood. Hematogenic (hem-at-o-jen/-ić) [alua, blood; yevvāv, to produce]. Pertaining to the formation of blood. Hematogenous (hem-at-off’-en-us) [alpa, blood; yewfic, producing]. Derived from, or having origin in, the blood. Hematoglobin (hem-at-o-glo'-bin). See Hemoglobin. Hematoglobulin (hem-at-o-glob/-u-lin). Same as Hemoglobin. - Hematography (hem-at-og/-ra-fe)|[alpa, blood; ypápetv, to write]. A description of the blood; hemat- ology. . (hem-at-o-di-nam-om/ -et-er). [alpa, A diseased or HEMATOHIDROSIS Hematohidrosis (hem-at-o-hid-ro/-sis). See Hematid. rosis. Hematoid (hem/-at-oid) [alpa, blood; eiðog, form]. Resembling blood. Hematoidin (hem-at-oi/-din) [alpa, blood; elóoç, resemblance], Cis- Sº & () HisN,Os. A deriva- tive of hemoglobin, HEMAtoidIN CRYSTALs. identical with biliru- bin, the pigment of the bile. It occurs as reddish or orange rhombohedral crys. tals,in old blood-clots, as of cerebral hemor- rhages, in corpora lutea, and in the urine of hematuria. Hematoin (hem-at-o/-in). Same as Hematoporphyrin. Hematokrit (hem/-at-o-Arit). See Hematocrit. Hematolin (hem-at/-o-lin) [alpa, blood], Cºsłłisn's Or. An iron-free derivative of hematin. Hematology (hem-at-o/-o-je) [alpa, blood; Aáyoc, science]. The science of the blood, its nature, func- tions, and disorders. Hematolysis (hem-at-o/-is-is), [alpa, blood; Wüotç, a solution]. A solution, or an imperfect coagulation, of the blood; diminished coagulability of the blood; a diseased condition marked by destruction of the cor- puscular constituents of the blood; impoverishment of the blood. - Hematolytic (hem-at-o-lit"-i}) [alpa, blood; Wüotſ, a solution]. Marked by or tending to impoverishment of the blood. Hematoma (hem-at-o'-mah) [alpa, blood; jua, tumor: pl., Hematomata]. A tumor, fungus, or swelling containing blood. H. auris, Insane Ear; an effu- sion of blood or serum between the cartilage of the ear and its covering, occurring in various forms of insanity. It may be either acute or chronic, if the former reaching the size of a pigeon’s egg in a day or two. It is an elastic tumor, generally painless, with some local heat. It may suppurate and burst, or may shrivel up, in either case leaving considerable defor- mity. In the majority of cases the left ear is involved, and the condition occurs most frequently among men. H. of the Dura mater, an effusion beneath the dura mater, forming membranous sheets. H., Pelvic, an effusion of blood into the cellular tissue of the pelvis; it is frequently due to traumatism, or occurs as a complication of pregnancy and the puerperal state, from rupture of dilated veins; it is often the result of rupture of an extra-uterine pregnancy. Hematomantia (hem-at-o-man/-she-ah) [alpa, blood; puavreia, divination]. The arriving at a diagnosis from examination of the blood. Hematomatous (hem-at-o’-mat-us) [alpa, blood; Śpia, a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of a hema- toma. Hematomediastinum (hem/-at-o-me-de-as-fi/-num) [alpa, blood; mediastinum, the mediastinum]. An effusion of blood or bloody, serum into the mediastinal cavities. Hematometer (hem-at-om/-et-er). 772efe?". Hematometra (hem-at-o-me/-trah) [alpa, blood; uſirpa, womb). Hemorrhage in the womb. Also, an accu- mulation of menstrual discharge within the uterine cavity, as a result of obstruction. Hematometry (hem-at-om/-et-re) [alua, blood; plárpov, measure]. The measurement, or estimation of the measure, of the blood. See Hemoglobino- 551 HEMATOPORPHYRIN Hematomonas (hem-at-o-mo/-ſeas) [alpa, blood; gováç, a unit]. A genus of microscopic organisms infesting the blood. See Ague and Plasmodium. Hematomphalocele (hemi-at-om-ſa/-o-sel) [alpa, blood; bugažóg, navel; kååm, tumor]. A tumor or a hernia at the navel, distended with blood. Hematomyces (hem-at-on/-is-àz) [alpa, blood; uíkmg, a fungus]. A hematoid variety of encephaloid carci- noma; medullary sarcoma. It is called, also, Aungus /hematodes. Hematomyelia (hem-at-o-mi-e'-le-ah) [alma, blood; plve?óg, marrow]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord; an accumulation of blood in the central canal of the spinal cord. The symptoms vary with the seat, but paralyses, vaso-motor and trophic changes, loss of Sensation, etc., are common. Hematomyelitis (hem-at-o-mi-el-i/-ſis) [alua, blood; plve26g, marrow ; trug, inflammation]. An acute myelitis attended with an effusion of blood into the spinal cord. Hematoncus (hem-at-ong/-kus) [alpa, blood; 6) Foç, tumor]. Blood-tumor; hemangioma; hematoma. Hematopathy (hem-at-op/-ath-e) [alpua, blood; Táffog, disease]. Any disease of the blood. Hematopedesis (hem-at-o-ped-e'-sis) [alua, blood; Tââmouc, a leaping]. Cutaneous hemorrhage; hemat- idrosis. Hematopericardium (hem-at-o-per-ik-ar/-de-um)[atua, blood; Tepukápótov, pericardium]. An effusion of blood into the pericardium, due to rupture or perfora- tion of the walls of the heart. Hematophagous (hem-at-off’-ag-us) [alua, blood; payeiv, to eat]. Blood-eating ; pertaining to insects, such as the gnat, mosquito, etc., that suck the blood. Hematophilia (Żem-at-o-fi/-e-ah). See Hemophiſia. Hematophobia (hem-at-o-fo/-be-ah) [alua, blood; $680c, fear]. Morbid dread of the sight of blood. Hematophore (hem/-at-o-for) [alpa, blood; Øépetv, to bear]. An instrument used in the transfusion of blood. Hematophthalmia (hem-at-off-tha/-me-ah). See Hem- ophthalmia. Hematophyte (hem’-at-o-fit) [alpa, blood; Øvrów, a plant]. A vegetable organism, such as a bacillus, living in the blood. Hematopinax (hem-at-off’-in-aks) [alua, blood; Trivač, tablet: pl., Hematopinaces]. A blood-plaque. Hematopisis (hem-at-op/-is-is) [alpua, blood; Tivetv, to drink]. I. The drinking of blood. 2. A morbid collection of blood in any cavity of the body. Hematopisy (hem-at-op/-is-e). See Hematopisis. Hematoplanesis (hem-at-o-plan-e'-sis) [alpa, blood; Tāāvmouc, wandering]. See Hematoplania. Hematoplania (hem-at-o-p/a/-ne-ah) [alpa, blood; Tāāvm, a wandering]. Vicarious or aberrant course or flow of the blood. Hematoplasma (hem-at-o-plag/-mah) [alpa, blood; Tââoua, plasma]. The plasma of the blood. Hematoplast (hem/-at-o-plast). Same as Hematoblast. Hematoplastic (hem-at-o-plas/-tić) [alua, blood ; Tržaotikóg, plastic]. Blood-forming. Hematoplethora (hem-at-o-p/eth/-or-ah). Synonym of Plethora. Hematopoiesis (hem-at-o-poi-e'-sis) [alua, blood; Trotéetv, to make]. The making of blood. See Aſematosis. Hematopoietic (hem-at-o-poi-et/-ä) [alua, blood; trotéetv, to make]. Relating to or forwarding the pro- cesses of blood-making. Hematoporphyrin (hem-at-o-porºſe-rin) [alua, blood; Tópºvpoc, purple], Cash; Ns|Olg. Iron-free hematin, a metabolitic decomposition-product of hemoglobin. HEMATOPORPHYRINURIA It is produced by dissolving hematin in concentrated H2SO4. It occurs occasionally in urine and in egg- shells of certain birds. See Polyperythrin. Hematoporphyrinuria (hem/-at-o-porºſe-rin-u’-re-ah) [alpa, blood; Tóppvpoc, purple; oipov, urine]. The presence of hematoporphyrin in the urine. Hematoporphyroidin (hem-at-o-for-fir-oid/-īn) [alpa, blood; trópºvpoc, purple]. A substance similar in origin and character to hematoporphyrin, but less soluble. Like hematoporphyrin, it is sometimes found in the urine. Hematoposia (hem-at-o-po'-ze-ah) [alpa, blood; Tôoug, a drinking]. Blood-drinking as a therapeutic meas- ure; hematopisis. Hematopsia (hem-at-op/-se-ah) [alpa, blood; &mp, eyel. An extravasation of blood in the subconjunctival tis- sues of the eye. Hematoptysis (hem-at-op/-tis-is). , Same as Hemoptysis. Hematorrhachis (hem-at-or/-a/-äs) [alpa, blood; báxtſ, spine]. Hemorrhage within the vertebral canal. Hematorrhea (hem-aſ-or-e'-ah) [alpa, blood; bota, a flow]. A copious passive flow or discharge of blood; a hemorrhage. Hematorrhosis (hem-aſ-or-o/-sis) [alpa, blood; 6bbóg, serum]. Separation of the serum of the blood. Hematosac (hem/-at-o-sak) [alpa, blood ; saccus, a bag). A blood-cyst. Hematosalpinx (hem-at-o-sa/-pinks) [alua, blood; oã%Tuys, a trumpet]. A hemorrhagic distention or ob- struction of a Fallopian tube. Hematoscheocele (hem-at-os/-ke-o-sel) [alpa, blood; boxeov, scrotum ; ki/%m, tumor]. A hemorrhagic tumor or distention of the scrotum. Hematoscope (he/-at-o-sköft) [alpa, blood; okoteiv, to inspect]. A modified form of, or an attachment to, the spectroscope, for use in examination of blood. Hematoscopy (hem-aſ-os/-ko-ſe) [alpa, blood; okoteiv, to inspect]. Spectroscopic examination of the blood and blood-discs. Hematose (he/-at-ös) [alua, blood]. Full of blood. Hematosepsis (hem-at-o-sep/-sis). See Sep/icemia. Hematosin (hem-at-o/-sin). See Hematin. Hematosis (he/ſt-at-o/-sis) [aiuáToolç; alua, blood]. I. The process of the formation of blood and the de- velopment of blood-corpuscles. 2. The arterializa- tion of the blood. Hematospectroscope (hemi-at-o-spek/-dro-sköp) [alpa, blood; spectrum, an image; altoſſeiv, to view]. A spectroscope adapted for use in the study of the blood. Hematospermia (/lem-at-o-sper’-me-a/) [alpa, blood; otépua, seed]. The discharge of bloody semen. Hematospongus (hem-at-o-spun/-gus) [alpua, blood; a Tóyyog, sponge]. Medullary sarcoma. Hematothorax (ſemi-at-o-tho/-ra/s). See Hemothorax. Hematoxic (hem-at-o/s/-ī4) [alpa, blood; tośików, a poison]. Pertaining to a poisoned or impure condi- tion of the blood. Hematoxin (hem-at-o/s/-īn) [alua, blood; Tošticóv, poison]. Any blood-poison or poisonous principle developed in the blood. Hematoxylin (/em-aſ-oks/-iſ-in) [alpa, blood ; ;üWov, wood], CigH, O, The coloring-matter of logwood; it is very soluble in water and alcohol, and crystallizes in yellowish prisms with 2 H2O. It dissolves in alkalies with a violet-blue color. It is a valuable stain in microscopy. See Pigments, Conspectus of . H., Delafield's. See Stains, Zable of For other hema- toxylin stains, including Böhmer's, Kleinenberg's, Mayer's, Friedlander's and Cook's, see Stains, 7a//e of. Hematoxylon (hem-at-oks/-ī/-on) [alua, blood ; Śtºov, 552 HEMIALBUMINOSE wood]. Logwood. The heart-wood of H. campe- chianum ; it occurs as dark brown raspings or a coarse powder, and contains tannic acid and a coloring-prin- ciple, hematoxylin, Cisłł14Os, that becomes grayish-red by the action of light. It is a mild astringent. H., Ext. Dose gr. v-xx. H., Decoctum, strength I to 17. Dose 3.j-ij. Unof Hematozoic (hem-at-o-zo/-ié) [alpa, blood; Øov, an animal]. Pertaining to a hematozoön. Hematozoön (hem-at-o-zo/-on) [alpa, blood; , §§ov, animal : pl., Hematozoa). Any living organism or animal in the blood. Hematozymotic (hem-at-o-zi-mot/-ié) [alpa, blood; {{pm, leaven]. Relating to a blood-ferment, or to fermentation in the blood of a living organism. Hematuresis (hem-at-u-re/-sis) [alpa, blood; oipov, urine]. The passage of bloody urine. Hematuria (hem-at-u/-re-ah) [alpa, blood; oipov, urine]. Hematuresis. Blood in the urine. It may be due to injury, local disease, general disorder, or the presence of entozoa. When only the coloring-matter of the blood is found in the urine, it is termed hemo- globinuria or hematinuria. The color of the urine in hematuria varies from bright-red to a dingy, Smoky color, or to merely a tinging of the urine. The urine may be examined for blood-corpuscles by means of the microscope; the presence of blood may be demon- strated by the spectroscope. Almen’s, or the guai- acum test, or Heller’s test may be made. See Tests, Table of. H., Intermittent, that form due to malarial poisoning. H., Paroxysmal. Same as A., Zntermittent. Hemautogram (hem-aw/-to-gram) [alpa, blood; airóg, self; Ypáutia, a tracing]. The tracing made in hem- autography. Hemautograph (hem-aw/-to-graf). autogram. Hemautography (hem-aw-tog’-ra-ſe) [alua, blood ; at Tóc, self; Ypájetv, to write]. The tracing of the pulse-curve by the jet of blood from a divided artery caught upon paper drawn in front of it. Hemeralopia (hem-er-al-o'-fe-a/) [ºuápa, day; &mp, eye). Day-vision or night-blindness; a symptom of pigmentary degeneration of the retina, failure of general nutrition, etc. Vision is good by day or in a strong light, but fails at night. See also Aycza/opia. Hemeraphonia (hem-er-aſ-o/-ne-ah) [ juépa, day; &, priv.; pová, voice]. Loss of voice during the day, with return of the power of phonation at night. Hemerythrin (hem-er/-iſh-rin) [alpa, blood; puffb6g, red]. The pigment found by Krukenberg in the blood of Sipunculus nudus. Same as /ſemi- Hemerythrogen (hem-er-ith/-ro-gen) [alua, blood; épv60óg, red; yewfic, producing]. The chromogen of /emerythrin. Hemi- (ſtem/-e-) [ºut, half]. A prefix, meaning one- half. In anatomy and physiology it is applied to one of the two lateral halves of the body. . Hemiablepsia (hem-e-aē-left/-se-a/) [ºut, half; epta, blindness]. See Hemianopsia. Hemiacephalus (hem-e-ah-sef’-al-us) [jul, half; á, priv.; Kedahá, head]. A variety of omphalositic monsters of the species Paracephalus. It is the lowest grade of development in paracephalus, closely approaching true acephalus. Hemiachromatopsia (hem-e-a/-Aro-mat-op/-se-ah)[%ut, half; i, priv.; Apôua, color; Gipug, vision]. Subnormal or absent color-vision in corresponding halves of the field of vision. Hemialbumin (hem-e-aſ'/-but-min). See Anti-albumin. Hemialbuminose (hem-e-al-buſ-min-às). The same as Aſemia/buſ/rose. HEMIALBUMOSE Hemialbumose (hem-e-a//-bu-mös) [ºut, half; albu- men, the white of egg]. The most characteristic and most frequently obtained by-product of proteid zymo- lysis. It is the forerunner of hemipeptone. It is frequently found in the urine, and occurs normally in the marrow of bones and in cerebro-spinal fluid. See Peptones. Hemialbumosuria (hem-e-al-bu-mös-u/-re-ah). as Propeptonuria. Hemialgia (hem-e-a/-je-ah) [ºut, half; &Wyog, pain]. Unilateral neuralgia. Hemianalgesia (hem-e-an-alºje’-se-ah) [ºut, half; áv priv.; āWyog, pain]. Insensibility to pain throughout one lateral half of the body and limbs. Hemianasarca (hem-e-an-as-ar/-kah) [fful, half; &vá, through; Gápé, flesh]. Edema of one-half of the body. Hemianesthesia (hem-e-an-es-the-ze/-ah) [ºut, half; âvatoffmoia, want of feeling]. Partial or complete loss of the sense of feeling in a lateral half of the body. Hemianopia (hem-e-an-o’-pe-ah). See Hemianopsia. Hermianopsia (hem-e-an-off’-se-a/) [flu, half; &v, priv.; Śipig, sight]. Blindness in one-half of the visual field. It may be bilateral (binocular) or mono- lateral (monocular or uniocular), according as it affects one or both eyes. H., Binasal, due to anesthesia of the temporal halves of the retina, the nasal fields thereby failing to be visible. H., Bitemporal, the re- verse of the last. H., Crossed or Heteronymous, a general term for either binasal or bitemporal hemianop- sia. H., Homonymous, right, or left, the most com- mon form, affecting the inner half of one field and the outer of the other. H., Inferior and Superior, the upper or lower halves of the retina are insensitive. Hemianoptic (hem-e-an-op/-tié) [ºut, half; āv, priv.; Öpig, sight]. Affected with hemianopsia. Hemiataxia (hem-e-at-aks/-e-ah) [jul, half; ā, priv.; tášić, order]. Inability to produce orderly or system- atic movements on one side of the body. Hemiathetosis (hem-e-ath-et-o/-sis) [#ut, half; 36erog, without fixed position]. A term for athetosis or in- voluntary rhythmic movements of one side of the body only. Hemiatrophy (hem-e-at'-roºfe),[ful, half; ātpoſta, lack of nourishment]. Imperfect or impaired nutrition confined to one side of the body. Hemiazygous (hem-e-a2/-īg-us) [jul, half; ā, priv.; Çvyóg, a yolk]. Partially paired; imperfectly azy- gous. H. Veins. See Vein. Hemibranchiate (hem-e-brang’-AEe-āţ) [ºut, half; 6páyyta, gills]. In biology, having an incomplete bran- chial apparatus. Hemic (hem/-ić) [alpa, blood]. blood; hemal. Hemicardia (hem-e-kar’-de-ah) [ºut, half; kapóia, heart]. Half of a four-chambered heart. Hemicarp (hem/-e-Karp) [ºut, half; Kapitóg, fruit]. In biology, one of the separable carpels of a dicarpel- lary fruit. Hemicatalepsy (hem-e-AEat/-a/-eft-se) [jul, half; kara- Žeipia, catalepsy]. Catalepsy affecting only one lateral half of the subject. Hemicentrum (hem-e-sen'-trum) [Åut, half; kévrpov, center]. Either one of the two lateral elements of the centrum of a vertebra. Hemicephalia (hem-e-seſ-a/-le-ah). Aemicrania. Hemicephalus (hem-e-sef’-a/-us) [ºut, half; kepazh, head]. A monster fetus in which the cerebral hemi- spheres and skull are absent or undeveloped. It is a synonym of Anencephalus. Hemicerebrum (hem-e-ser’-e-örum) [jul, half; cere- brum, cerebrum]. ' A cerebral hemisphere. Same Pertaining to the Synonym of 553 HEMIHYPERESTHESIA Hemichordate (hem-e-kor/-dāt) [hemi, half; chorda, a string]. In biology, of or pertaining to such animal forms as are intermediate between the Chordata and the Achordata, e.g., A'alamoglossus. Hemichorea (hem-e-Ao-re/-a/) [ºut, half; 2 opeia, chorea, dance]. Unilateral chorea; a form of chorea in which the convulsive movements are confined to one side of the body only. Hemicollin (hem-e-Aoſ/-īn) [jul, half; kó%a, glue], Cº. HoN, Olg. A peptone-like substance derived from collagen. It is soluble in 70–80 per cent. alcohol, and is not precipitable by platinum tetra- chlorid. Hemicrania (hem-e-Ara/-ne-ah) [jut, half; Kpavíov, head]. Neuralgia or headache of one-half of the head. See Migraine. Hemicranic (hem-e-Ara/-ni/) [fful, half; Kpavióv, skull]. Pertaining to half the skull. H. Equiva- lents, a name given to isolated symptoms—flitting Scotomata, vomiting, vaso-motor disturbances, etc.— in cases of aborted migraine. Hemicyclic (hem-e-si'-klić) [jul, half; kūk?og, a circle]. In biology, having certain of the floral organs ar- ranged in whorls, and others in a spiral. Hemidesmus (hem-e-dez/-mus) [#ut, half; jeoplóg, a band]. Indian sarsaparilla. The dried root of H. indicus, imported from India. It is a tonic, alterative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. H., Syr. (B.P.). Dose gj. Hemidiaphoresis (hem-e-di-aſ-or-eſ-sis) [ºut, half; 6tagópmatſ, sweating]. Sweating of one lateral half of the body only. Hemidrosis (hem-id-ro/-sis). See Hematidrosis. Hemidysesthesia (hem-e-dis-es-the'-ze-ah) [#ut, half; 6vç, difficult; aiaff/oug, sensation]. Enfeebled or dulled sensation in a lateral half of the body, or in half of one of the organs of sense. Hemidystrophia (hem-e-dis-tro/-ſe-a/) [ºut, half; 6vo, ill; Tpopff, nourishment]. In biology, the state of being imperfectly nourished. Hemi-elastin (hem-e-e-las/-tin). See Proto-elastose. Hemielytrum, Hemielytron (hem-e-e/-it-rum, -fron) [jul, half; &vrpov, a sheath ; pl., Hºmie/y/ra]. One of the fore-wings of hemipterous and heteropterous insects, or one of the dorsal scales of certain marine annelids, as in Aermion?. Hemiencephalon (hem-e-en-sef’-a/-on) [jul, half; #ykégażog, brain]. Either lateral half of the brain. Hemiencephalus (hem-e-en-sef’-a/-us) [ºut, half; §ykéjažoc, brain]. A monstrosity without organs of sense, but possessing otherwise a nearly normal brain. Hemiepilepsy (hem-e-e/-iſ-ep-se) [ºut, half; $74%mpia, epilepsy]. A form of epilepsy in which the convul- sions are confined to one lateral half of the body. Hemifornix (hem-e-for’-niks) [jul, half; formix, an arch, vault]. A name used to designate the irregular, elongated portion of either paracelian floor, composed of hippocamp, fimbria, and fornicolumn. Hemigamous (hem-ig’-am-us) [ºut, half; Yáuoc, mar- riage]. In biology, applied to grasses in which one floret is neuter and the other male or female. Hemiglossitis (hem-e-glos-i/-täs) [ºut, half; )?&aaa, tongue; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of one-half of the tongue only. A definite nodule or lump may be present in the substance of the tongue. Hemignathous (hem-gº-ma-ſhus) [jul, half; Yváflog, jaw]. In biology, applied to such birds as have one mandible shorter than the other. Hemihidrosis (hem-e-hid-ro/-sis) [hut, half; iópóg, sweat]. The same as Bemidiaphoresis. Hemihyperesthesia (hem-e-hi-per-es-the’-ze-ah) [ºut, half; itép, over ; aloffmotç, sensation]. Hyperesthesia confined to one lateral half of the body. HEMIHYPERTROPHY Hemihypertrophy (hem-e-hi-per’-tro-fe) [jul, half; itép, over; Tpopff, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of half of the body. Hemihypesthesia (hem-e-hi-pes-theº-ze-ah) [ºut, half; intó, under ; aloffmotº, perception]. Impairment of sensibility in one lateral half of the body. Hemilethargy (hem-e-leth/-ar-je) [jul, half; Ambapyia, lethargy]. A state of partial lethargy. Hemimelus (hem-im/-el-us) [ºut, half; ué%0ç, limb]. An ectromelic monstrosity having deficient or atrophied forearms, legs, feet, and hands, and normal arms and thighs. Hemimetaboly (hem-e-met-ab’-o-le)[#ut, half; uetaffožň, transformation]. In biology, incomplete or imperfect metamorphosis; hemimetamorphosis. Hemimetamorphosis (hem-e-met-am-or/-fo-sis) [ºut, half; pleTapiéppoolſ, transformation]. In biology, in- complete metamorphosis; hemimetaboly. Hemimyasthenia (hem-e-mi-as-the-ne-ah) [ºut, half; ſuic, muscle: âoffevia, weakness]. Myasthenia of one lateral half of the body. Hemimyoclonus (hem-e-mi-ok/-lo-nus) [hut, half; uſic, muscle; KA6voç, commotion]. Clonic spasm of the muscles of one lateral half of the body. Hemin (hem/-īn) [alua, blood], Cs, Has N, Fe0s. HCl. Teichmann's crystals, or hydrochlorid of hematin. A doubly-refractive pleochromatic crystalline substance derived from blood. It is obtained by heating under a cover-slip, a drop of fresh blood on a glass-slide with a little glacial acetic acid. In the case of blood that has been dried, or in old blood-clot or stain, the resi- > As Şās HEMIN CRYSTALS. 1. Human. 2. Seal. 3. Calf. 4. Pig. 5. Lamb. 6. Pike. 7. Rabbit. due should be powdered as finely as possible with a trace of NaCl. Some of this powder is then placed on a slide and glacial acetic acid added, and heat care- fully applied. The crystals are dark-brown or black, elongated rhombic plates and prisms belonging to the triclinic system ; they are insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, or dilute acids. Hemineurasthenia (hem-e-nu-ras-the-ne-ah), [ºut, half; veipov, a nerve; āoffevía, weakness]. Neuras- thenia peculiar to one lateral half of the body. Hemiopia (hem-e-op/-e-ah) [ful, half; &lp, eye). The older term for hemianopsia. Hemiopia refers to the seeing-half of the retina, hemianopsia to that part of the field not seen. Hemiopsia, Hemiopy (hem-e-op/-se-ah, hem/-e-op-e). See Aſºmiopia. Hemipagus (hem-iº/-ag-us) [ful, half; Tºyvíval, to unite]. A monomphalic monstrosity united by the thoraces, and with a common mouth. Hemiparaplegia (hem-e-par-ap-leſ-je-ah), [ºut, half; Trapath myta, paralysis of the limbs]. Paralysis of a lower limb on one side only. Hemiparesis (hem-e-par/-es-is) [fful, half; ſtápeoig, im- 554 HEMITERATIC pairment of strength]. Paresis, or weakening of the strength on one side of the body only. Hemiparesthesia (hem-e-par-es-the-ze-ah) [#ut, half; trapá, beside; aioffmotç, sensation]. umbness or paresthesia of one lateral half of the body. & Hemiparetic (hem-e-par-et/-ié) [ºut, half; Tápeogg, im- pairment of strength]. Affected with hemiparesis. Hemi-peptone (hem-e-pep/-tän). See Peptones. Hemiphalacrosis (hem-e-fal-ak-ro/-sis), [ºut, half; Qaāākpoolç, baldness]. Baldness affecting one lateral half of the head. Hemiphonia (hem-e-fo/-ne-ah) [ºut, half; hová, voice]. Speech having the characteristics of half-voice, half- whisper; used by patients in great weakness and ex- haustion. º Hemipinic Acid (hem-e-pin/-ić). See Acid. Hemiplegia (hem-e-ple/-je-a/) [ºut, half; tāmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of one side of the body, due usually to a lesion of some part of the corpus striatum and internal capsule, of the crus cerebri, or of the cor- tex or subcortex of the opposite side of the brain. H., Alternate, paralysis of the facial muscles upon one side, with paralysis of the trunk and extremities upon the opposite side of the body. H., Bilateral Spastic. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. H., Cere- bral, the ordinary form first described. H., Crossed. Same as H., Alternate. H., Facial, motor paralysis of one side of the face. H., Hephestic, from the use of the hammer by Smiths, a form of occupation neu- rosis. H., Spastic, a form occurring in infants, in which the affected extremities are subject to convul- sive twitchings. H., Spinal, paralysis of one side or of the whole body, with loss of sensation of the opposite side. It is due to disease of the spinal cord. Hemiplexia (hem-e-pleks/-e-ah). Same as Hemiplegia. Hemiprosoplegia (hem-e-pro-so-ple/-je-ah) [ºut, half; Tpóootov, face; tāmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of one side of the face. - - Hemiprotein (hem-e-pro'-te-in). See Antialbumate. Hemipterous (hem-iº/-fer-us) [mut, half; Trepôv, wing]. In biology, applied to certain insects that have the fore-wings partly membranous and partly coriaceous or chitinous. Hemirheumatism (hem-e-ru/-mat-izm) [fful, half; bevuatuopuðc, liability to rheum]. Rheumatism con- fined to one lateral half of the body. Hemisection (hem-e-se/-shun) [ºut, half; sectio, a cutting]. Bisection; chiefly applied to division into two lateral halves. See Medisection. Hemiseptum (hem-e-sep/-tum) [ºut, half; septum, a partition]. The lateral half of a septum, as of the heart; the lateral half of the septum lucidum. Hemispasm (hem/-e-spazm) [jul, half; a traguóg, a spasm]. A spasm or convulsive movement affecting only one side of the body. Hemisphere (hem/-is-fer) [ºut, half; opaipa, a ball]. Half a sphere. H., Cerebellar, either lateral half of the cerebellum. H., Cerebral, either lateral half of the cerebrum. - Hemisystole (hem-e-sis/-to-le) [fful, half; ovorožň, a contraction]. A peculiar kind of irregular action of the heart-muscle, in which, with every two beats of the heart, only one beat of the pulse is felt. Hemiterata (hem-it-er’-az-ah) [ºut, half; tāpaç, mon- ster]. A class of malformations, including all human bodies presenting any abnormality of development, not grave enough to be called monstrous, nor of the spe- cific character to be classed as heterotaxic or herma- phroditic. Hemiteratic (hem-it-er-at/-īk) [ful, half; tāpag, a mon- ster]. Pertaining to Hemiterata. HEMITIS Hemitis (hem-:/-tis) [alpa, blood; truç, inflammation]. A condition of the blood associated with inflammation. Hemitriteus (hem-it-rit-e'-us) [fful, half; Tpetc, three]. The semi-tertian form of ague. Hemitropous (hem-iº/-ro-pus) [ºut, half; Tooth, a turning over]. In biology, amphitropous; half ana- tropous; applied to the plant-embryo when much curved. Hemizonia (hem-iz-o'-me-a/.) [ful, half; ;&vn, girdle]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs and shrubs, of which some 19 species are Californian ; they are called tar-weeds and resin-weeds. They are generally strongly fragrant, resinous plants, locally esteemed for their balsamic qualities. Unof. Hemlock (hem/-/o/). See Conium. H.-bark, a bark used in the manufacture of leather. It is taken from Aðies canadensis of Canada and the United States, and contains nearly fourteen per cent. of tannin. It is said to produce a leather harder than oak-bark, but which is less pliable and more pervious to water. H.- extract, a strongly astringent, solid extract of hem- lock-bark, Q. v. It is principally employed in the arts. H. Spruce. See Abies. Hemo-(hem/-o-)[alpa, blood]. A prefix denoting blood. Hemocelum (hem-o-seſ-lum) [alpa, blood; Kothia, a cavity]. A blood-cyst. Hemochromogen (hem-o-Aro'- mo-ſen) [alpa, blood ; Apóſza, color; yewſ.g., producing]. An excretory pigment of certain invertebrates. In some bee- tles it has a respiratory func- 555 HEMOGLOBINEMIA The instrument of Gowers, illustrated below, and that of Thoma are those most frequently employed. Hemocytotrypsis (hem-o-si-to-trip/-sis) [alpa, blood; kürog, cell; Tpigetv, to rub]. The breaking up of blood-corpuscles under strong pressure. Hemodiapedesis (hem-o-di-ap-ed-e'-sis) [alpa, blood; 6tathómotſ, an oozing through]. The transudation of blood through the skin. Hemodromograph (hem-o-dro'-mo-graf). Aemotachometer. Hemodromometer (hem-o-dro-mom/-et-er). See Hema- dromeometer. Hemodynamometer Aemaaynamometer. Hemogallol (hem-o-gal/-o/) [alpa, blood; galla, gall- nut]. A proprietary substance occurring as a brownish- red powder, and formed by oxidizing the hemoglobin of the blood by pyrogallol. It is used in anemia in doses of gr. iss—viiss. Unof. Hemogastric (hem-o-gas/-trik) [alpa, blood; yao Tàp, stomach]. Pertaining to blood in the stomach. Same as (hem-o-di-nam-om/ -et-er) . See Hemogenesis (hem-o-jen/-es-is) [alpa, blood; yévêqug, generation]. The formation of blood. Hemogenic (hem-o-jen/-ić) [aiſſa, blood; yévêqug, gen- eration]. producing. ertaining to the formation of blood; blood- tion. It is the same as AEm- terohematizz and Helicorubim. Hemochromometer (hem-o- Aro-mom/-et-er) [alpa, blood; 2póſia, color; Alétpov, meas- ure]. Colorimeter; an instru- ment for estimating the amount of oxyhemoglobin in the blood, by comparing a solution of the blood with a standard solution of picrocar- minate of ammonia. Hemochyle (hem/-o-kil)[alua, blood; XV26g, juice]. The blood-lymph of vertebrates. Hemocrystallin (hem-o-Aris/- tal-in). See Hemoglobin. Hemocyanin (hem-o-siſ-an-in) [alpa, blood; kūavoc, blue], Cºg Higgs MºCuSOºss. (Grif. fiths). A blue proteid pig- ment, having a very constant percentage composition. It is analogous to hemoglobin, but contains copper instead of iron, and forms the chief constituent in the blood of many invertebrates, in which it acts as the carrier of oxygen. Hemocyne (hem/-o-sin) [alpa, blood; Ríov, kvvóg, dog]. The serum of dogs’ blood. Hemocyte(hem/-o-sit) [alua, blood; kitoc, a cell]. One of the protistan organisms found in the blood of man and animals, e.g., the parasite of malarial fever, as studied by Lavaran, Celli, Machiafava, Golgi, Councilman, Osler, and Pfeiffer. See Parasites (Animal) Table of Hemocytolysis (hem-o-si-to/-is-is) [alpa, blood; Kirog, cell; Wüelv, to unloose]. The dissolution of blood- corpuscles by means of heat. Hemocytometer º [alpua, blood; kitoc, a cell; uérpov, a measure]. A device for estimating the number of corpuscles in the blood. is made. A. Pipet, for measuring the diluted solution. C. Cell with divisions on the floor, mounted on a slide. E. Glass stirrer. Gowers’ HEMOCYTOMETER. B. Capillary tube for measuring the blood. D. Vessel in which the dilution F. Guarded spear-pointed needle. Hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'-bin) [alpa, blood; globus, a round body]. Hematoglobin, Hemocrystallin. A doubly-refractive, pleochromatic colloid or crystalline matter, existing in the corpuscles of the blood, and to which their red color is due. In man the amount is I3.77 per cent., in woman I2.59 per cent., reduced by pregnancy to from 9 to I2 per cent. It is an oxygen- carrier or respiratory pigment. The crystals of hemo- globin have a dark-red appearance with a strong purple or bluish tint; they are very soluble in water. Hemoglobinemia (hem-o-glo-bin-e'-me-ah) [alua, blood; globus, a round body; alua, blood]. A con- dition in which the hemoglobin is dissolved out of the red corpuscles, probably as the result of the destruc- tion of the latter, and is held in solution in the serum. The blood is “lake ’’-colored. It occurs in some in- HEMOGLOBINIFEROUS fectious diseases, and after injecting certain substances into the blood. . Hemoglobiniferous (hem-o-glo-bin-if”-er-us) [alpa, blood; globus, a round body; ferre, to bear]. Yield- ing or carrying hemoglobin. Hemoglobinocholia (hem-o-glo-bin-o-ko'-le-ah) [alpa, blood; globus, a round body; yožň, bile]. The pres- ence of hemoglobin in the bile. Hemoglobinometer (hem-o-glo-bin-om/-et-er) [alua, blood; globus, a round body; puérpov, a measure]. An instrument for the quantitative estimation of hemo- Gowers' HEMOGLOBINOMETER. - A. Pipet-bottle for distilled water. B. Capillary pipet. ... C. Graduated tube. D. Closed tube containing standard dilu- tion. F. Lancet for pricking the finger. - globin by comparing the color of a solution of blood of unknown with a color of a known valuation. Hemoglobinuria (hem-o-glo-bin-u/-re-ah) [alpa, blood; globus, a round body; oupov, urine]. The presence of hemoglobin, the red coloring-matter of the blood, in the urine, due either to its solution out of the red corpuscles, or to disintegration of the red corpus- cles. It occurs after transfusion of blood, during cér- tain stages of septicemia, and after severe burns. It is unattended with the presence of the corpuscular ele- ments of the blood in the urine, thus differing from hematuria. Hemoglobin Test: to a suspected sam- ple add a drop of acetic acid and boil; a red coagulum indicates hemoglobin. See, also, Almen’s Test, Hemin, and Aſeller. H., Epidemic, a condition of the new- born marked by jaundice, cyanosis, and nervous symp- toms. H. Intermittent. See H., Paroxysmal. H., Paroxysmal, a form characterized by recurring peri- odic attacks. It is related to cold, and is also closely associated with Raynaud's Disease. H., Toxic, that form occurring in consequence of poisoning by various substances, e. g., potassium chlorate. Hemoglobulin (hem-o-glob/-u-lin) [alpa, blood; globus, a ball]. Same as Hemoglobin. Hemoid (hem/-oid) [alpa, blood; elóoc, likeness]. Having the appearance of, or resembling, blood. Hemology (hem-o/-o-je) [alpua, blood; Wóyoç, Science]. The science treating of the blood. Hemolutein (hem-o-/u/-fe-in) [alua, blood; luteus, yel- low]. A yellow coloring-matter obtained from corpora lutea. Hemolymph (hem/-o-limſ) [alua, blood; lympha, clear water]. The blood of the higher invertebrata, containing more albuminoids and less water than the hydrolymph of lower forms. H. Glands, a variety 556 HEMOPHTHISIS of glands which, according to W. F. Robertson, are a kind of cross between the hemogenic glands (e.g. the spleen) and the lymphatic glands. The small prever. tebral glands are examples. - - Hemolysis (hem-ol/-is-is) [alpa, blood; Xiotç, solution]. Destruction or breaking-up of the red blood-corpuscles. Hemolytic (hem-o-lit"-ik) [alpa, blood; Wüotç, solu. tion]. Pertaining to hemolysis. Hemometer (hem-om/-et-er) [alpa, blood; uérpov, measure]. See Hemoglobinometer. Also, an appa- FLEISCHL's HEMOMETER. K. Red-colored wedge of glass moved by R. G. Mixing ves- sel with two compartments a and a'. . M. Table with opening to read off the percentage of hemoglobin on the scale P. T. To move K through R. S. Reflector of Plaster-of-Paris. ratus for ascertaining the amount of hemoglobin in normal or diseased blood. Hemometra (hem-o-me/-trah). See Hemaſometra. Hemočphoritis (hem-o-off-or-i/-äs) [alpa, blood; Øów, egg; bépelv, to bear]. Oöphoritis with hemorrhage. Hemopericardium (hem-o-per-ik-ar/-de-um) [alua, blood; Tepi, around; Kapóta, the heart]. An effu- sion of blood into the pericardial cavity. It is due usually to the bursting of an aneurysm of the aorta, but may also follow rupture of the heart, or the burst- ing of an aneurysm of one of the coronary arteries. Hemophagic (hem-o-faj/-i}) [alpa, blood; payeiv, to eat]. Feeding upon blood; applied to certain animal parasites. Hemophagocyte (hem-o-fag/-o-sit) [alpa, blood; payetv, to eat; IcíToç, a cell]. Any phagocyte of the blood; a white blood-corpuscle. Hemophilia (hem-o-fi/-e-ah) [alpa, blood; pu%éiv, to love]. The hemorrhagic diathesis; an abnormal ten- dency to hemorrhage, or ease of bleeding. It usually first appears at about the period of the second denti- tion, and is most frequent among males. Heredity plays a prominent part in this affection. Hemophthalmia (hem-off-tha/-me-ah) [alua, blood; öpffažuóg, eye). A hemorrhage into the interior of the eye. It may arise from contusion, from iridec- tomy, or by rupture of a vessel. Hemophthalmos (hem-off-tha/-mos) [alpa, blood; öpffa/16, the eye). Blood in the vitreous chamber characterized by a reddish reflex from the pupil. Hemophthisis (hem-off’-this-ás) [alpa, blood; 4.6%atc, wasting]. Anemia dependent upon undue degenera. tion of the red blood-corpuscles HEMOPLASMODIUM Hemoplasmodium (hem-o-plaz-mo/-de-um) [alpa, blood; Tââopia, a moulded figure; eiðoç, form].` The plasmodium of malaria. See Parasites (Animal), Table of - Hemoplastic (hem-o-plas/-tić) [alpa, blood; TAéooetv, to form]. Same as Hematoplastic. Hemopneumothorax (hem-o-nu-mo-tho/-ražs) [alpa, blood; Tveijua, wind; 0%paš, the chest]. An effu- sion of air and blood within the pleura. Hemopoiesis (hem-o-poi-e'-sis). See //ematopoiesis. Hemoptysis (hem-op/-tis-is) tº: blood; Trrietv, to spit]. The spitting of blood. The term is confined usually to the expectoration of blood from the lungs. It may be slight or profuse, and death may result from suffocation. The blood is frothy and bright-red. H., Parasitic. See Distoma ringeri. Hemorhodin (hem-or-o'-din) [alpa, blood; 666ov, a rose]. A rose-colored albuminoid found in the blood of Aplysia depi/ans, it was discovered by L. Cuénot. Hemorrhage (hem/-or-āj) [alpa, blood; bºyvíval, to burst forth]. The flowing of blood from wounded or ruptured vessels. H., Accidental, during pregnancy from premature detachment of the placenta when normally situated. H., Capillary, oozing of blood from a wound without a flow from large vessels. H., Collateral, bleeding occurring in the course of acute inflammations. H., Complementary, succeeding up- on another hemorrhage that has been cut short. H., Concealed, a variety of accidental hemorrhage in which the bleeding takes place between the ovum and the uterine walls, without escape from the genital tract. H., Consecutive, ensuing some time after injury. H., Critical, occurring at the turning-point of a dis- ease. H., Petechial. See Purpura. H., Post- partum, primary, within 24 hours after labor; second- ary, after 24 hours. H., Primary, that immediately following any traumatism. H., Secondary, that oc- curring some time after the traumatism, and usually due to the sloughing of the tissues. H., Unavoidable, from detachment of a placenta previa. H., Vicarious, suppression of the menses with abnormal discharge of blood from some other part of the body than the vagina. Hemorrhagic (hem-or-a/-jik) [alpa, blood; bºyvöval, to burst forth]. Relating to , or accompanied by hemorrhage H. Diathesis. See Hemophilia. H. Endometritis. See Endometritis. H. Infarct. See Infarct. H. Pneumonia, a form of pneumonia occurring in elderly people and in certain weakened states of the constitution, characterized by the pres- ence of a large amount of blood in the expectoration. Hemorrhaphilia (hem-or-aſ-i/-e-ah) [aiuoppayta, hem- orrhage; piãog, loving]. Synonym of Æemophilia. Hemorrhea (hem-or-e'-ah) [alpa, blood; bota, a flow]. A hemorrhage; a flow of blood. H. ventriculi. See Aſemzazemesis. Hemorrhelcosis (hem-or-el-Áo/-sis) [aiplobboig, a hemor- rhoid; 8%Koolg, ulceration]. The formation of an ulcer upon a hemorrhoid. - Hemorrhinia (hem-or-in/-e-ah)|[alpa, blood; bic, nose]. Epistaxis; nose-bleed. Hemorrhoid (hem/-or-oid) [alpóppooc, flowing with blood]. Pile. An enlarged and varicose condition of the vessels in the tissues around the anus, sometimes associated with eversion of the rectal mucous mem- brane. There is always more or less pain and tender- mess, with discomfort in sitting. Hemorrhoids are caused by sedentary habits, constipation, obstruction to the portal circulation, or violent purging. H., External, situated without the sphincter ani. H., Internal, within the anal orifice. - Hemorrhoidal (hem-or-oi/-dal) [aiuóppooc, flowing with blood]. Pertaining to or affected with hemorrhoids. 557 HEMP Hemoscope (hem/-o-séðp). Same as Hematoscope. Hemosialemesis (hem-o-si-a/-em/-es-is) [alpa, blood; otažáv, Saliva; Šuéew, to vomit]. A form of vomit- ing sometimes observed in hysterical women with dysmenorrhea, the vomited matter consisting largely of Saliva and a small quantity of blood, in addition to the ordinary contents of the stomach. Hemosiderin (hem-o-sid’-er-in) [alpa, blood; otómpoc, iron]. Neumann’s name for a pigment often found in extravasations and thrombi with hematoidin, but differing from the latter in containing iron. Hemospasia (hem-o-spa/-ze-ah) [alpua, blood; atráelv, to draw]. The drawing of blood to a part; derivative action ; the process of dry-cupping, especially when thoroughly carried out. Hemospastic (hem-o-spas/-tié) [alpa, blood; atráeav, to draw]. Effecting or pertaining to hemospasia. Hemostasia, or Hemostasis (hem-o-sta/-se-ah, or Žem-os'-tas-is) [alua, blood; otáouc, a standing]. I. Stagnation of the blood-current. 2. Arrest of a flow of blood. - - - Hemostatic (hem-o-stat'-ić) [alpa, blood; graturóg, stationary]. Having the power to arrest hemorrhage. Also, an agent or remedy that arrests or restrains bleed- Ing. Hemostatics (hem-o-stat'-ićs). See Hemastatics. Hemotachometer (hem-o-tak-om/-et-er) [alpa, blood; Tázog, Swiftness; plát pov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the rate of flow of arterial blood. Hemotexis (hem-o-teks/-īs) [alua, blood; Túšac, a melt- ing]. The dissolution of putrid blood. Hemothorax (hem-o-tho/-raks) [alpa, blood; 6%paş, the chest]. An accumulation of blood in a pleural cavity. It may occur under many varied conditions. Hemotrophy (hem-of/-ro-ſe) [alpa, blood; Tpopff, nourishment]. Synonym of Alethora, g. v. Hemp [ME., hemp, hemp). The hemp-fiber is the pro- duct of the Cannabis sativa, which is grown for textile purposes chiefly in Russia and Italy, while the seed is grown in India. It is a bast-fiber similar to that of the flax-plant, but coarser and stronger, and of deeper color, and less luster. It is used chiefly for the manu- facture of ropes and cordage, and the fabric woven from it, known as canvas, is used in sail-making. Hemp is a mixture of cellulose and bastose. H., Manila, is a tropical fiber obtained on the Philippine Islands from the leaves of the wild plantain. It furnishes a very superior rope-making fiber, because of its combined lightness and strength, and the finer grades are used for woven goods. The color is yellowish or white, and the white variety has a fine silky luster. H., Suron, is grown in India, and furnishes a fiber of light-yellowish color. It resembles jute, although less lustrous. It is well adapted for cordage and netting. H., Sisal (or henequen), is derived from the fleshy leaves of a species of agave grown in Yucatan and the West Indies. It is used largely in the United States as a substitute for jute in the manufacture of bagging and for cordage, being stronger and lighter than jute. See also Cannabis. H.-nettle. See Galeopsis. H.-seed Calculus, a small rounded urinary concretion composed of oxalate of lime. It may vary in size from a pin's head to that of a hemp- seed, and is smooth and dark-colored. H.-seed Oil, oleum cannabis, is obtained from the seeds of the Cannabis sativa or common hemp. It has a mild odor, but mawkish taste, and greenish-yellow color, turning brown with age. Its specific gravity at 15° C. is .9276. It is freely soluble in boiling alcohol, has weaker drying properties than linseed oil, but is used in paint and varnish manufacture and in making soft soaps. HEMURESIS Hemuresis (hem-u-re/-sis). Synonym of Æematuria. Hen [ME., hen, a hen]. The female of the domestic fowl. H.-bane. See Hyoscyamus, H.-blindness, a popular name for night-blindness. H.-cluck Stertor, a form of stertorous respiration heard in some cases of retropharyngeal abscess. Henequen (hen/-e-Åen). See Hemp, Sisal. Henle’s Ansa. See Ansa. H.’s Canals. See Canal, H.’s Fenestrated Membrane, the layer of longitud- inal elastic fibers of the inner coat of the arteries. H.’s Fibers, the elastic fibers forming the fenestrated mem- brane of Henle. H.’s Glands. See Gland. H.’s Layer, a layer of flat, horny, polygonal, non-nuclea- ted cells situated between the cuticula and the ex- ternal root-sheath of a hair-bulb. H.’s Loop, a loop in the uriniferous tubules. See Tubuli uriniferi. H.’s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of H.’s Sheath, a connective-tissue sheath, surrounding terminal nerve-fibers. H.’s Tubular Tumor. See Sºphon- O?/262. Henna (hen/-ah) [Arab., Khanna, henna]. A cosmetic much used in the Orient; it is prepared from the leaves of Zawsonia alba, and is sometimes used externally and internally in leprosy and in skin-diseases. Unof. Henocardia (hen-o-kar/-de-ah) [e.g., §v, one; Kapóta, heart]. The condition of having but one auricle and one ventricle in the heart; it is normal in some of the lower animals. Henoch’s Purpura. See Diseases, Table of Henogenesis (hen-o-jen’-es-is) [eiç (§v-), one; yévecº, origin]. In biology, the developmental history of an individual organism ; ontogenesis. Henosis (hen-o’-sis) [Évoatſ, uniting]. uniting. 2. Symblepharon. Henotic (hen-of/-ić) [Évorakóg; elç, one]. heal or to promote union. Henry's Law. See Zaw. Hensen's Disc. See Angelmann's Middle Disc. H.’s Experiment, an experiment proving that the so-called auditory hairs of the crustacean /l/ysis vibrate to a particular note. H.’s Prop-cells. See H.'s Support- ing Ce!/s. H.’s Stripe, a glistening band in the mid- dle of the under surface of the membrana tectoria of the ear. H.’s Supporting Cells, tall columnar epi- thelial cells on the outer side of the outermost of Deiters' cells of the ear. - Hepar (he/-par) [#Tap, the liver; gen. Hepatis]. The liver; jecur. H. adiposum, a synonym of fatty liver. H. amyloideum, amyloid degeneration of the liver. H. sulphuris, the liver of sulphur; potassium sul- phid; formerly much employed in medicine; now used mainly by homeopathists. Hepatalgia (hep-at-a/-je-a/) [fftrap, liver; &%)'oc, pain]. Pain in the liver, but more especially the paroxysmal pain occasionally affecting the right hypochondrium. Hepatalgic (hep-at-a/-již) [#map, the liver; ā%yoç, pain]. Relating to or affected with hepatalgia. Hepatapostema (hep-at-ap-os-te/-ma/) [#map, liver; âtróatmua, abscess: A/., Hepatapostemata]. An abscess of the liver. Hepatauxesis (hep-at-awks-e'-sis) [#map, liver; aiśmouc, enlargement]. Enlargement of the liver. Hepatectomy (heft-at-e//-to-me) [?"tap, liver; £krouh, a cutting out]. Excision of the liver, wholly or in part. Hepatemphractic (hep-at-em-fraž/-tić) [#map, liver; šupoa;ug, obstruction]. Relating to hepatemphraxis. Hepatemphraxis (hep-at-em-fra/s/-is) [#map, liver; éuppašić, obstruction]. Hepatic obstruction. Hepatheſcosis (hep-aſh-el-Ao’-sis) [#map, liver; 8%kootc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the liver. Hepatic (hep-at/-ik) [ffitarikóg, #Tap, liver]. I. Healing or Tending to Pertain- 558 HEPATOCYSTIC ing or belonging to the liver. H. Aloes. See Aloes. H. Duct. See Duct. H. Lobes, the natural an- atomic divisions of the liver, usually designated as right, left, quadrate, spigelian, and caudate lobes. H. Plexus. See Plexus. H. Zones, certain areas in an hepatic lobule. The central area, capillaries and cells form the Hepatic-vein Zone, specially liable to congestive changes; the area next the periphery of the lobule is the Portal-vein Zone; and the area between the two the Hepatic-artery Zone. H. Starch, a synonym of Glycogen. - Hepatica (hep-at'-ić-ah) [jirarukóg; #trap, liver]. The liverwort; a genus of ranunculaceous plants. H. triloba and H. acutiloba were formerly esteemed in hepatic, renal, and pulmonic complaints. Unof. Hepaticell (hep-at'-is-el) [ättarakóc; #Tap, liver; cella, cell]. An hepatic or liver cell; a cell of the liver tissue. Hepatico-ductitis (hep-at'-ik-o-duk-tº-tis) [#marukóg, pertaining to the liver; ductus, duct; truç, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the hepatic ducts. He patic o-pancreatic (hep-at'-ik-0-pan-Are-at'-ié) [jtatukóg, pertaining to the liver; Táykpeaç, sweet- bread]. Relating to the liver and the pancreas. Hepaticous (hep-at/-ik-us) [ītatukóg, of the liver]. In biology, resembling liver. Hepaticula (/ep-at-ić/-u-la/l) [firrap, liver]. I. A small liver. 2. A slight degree of hepatitis. - Hepatin (hep/-at-in) [#Tap, liver]. Same as Glycogen. Hepatirrhagia (hep-at-ir-a/-je-ah)[#Tap, liver; bmyvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the liver. Hepatirrhea (hep-at-ār-e'-a'). See Hepatorrhea. Hepatism (hep/-at-izm) [#Tap, liver]. Derangement of various functions of the body, due or ascribed to some functional or other disorder of the liver. Hepatitic (hep-at-it/-ä) [#map, liver; trug, inflamma- tion]. Affected with, or relating to, hepatitis. Hepatitis (hep-at-i/-tis) [#map, liver; ttic, inflamma- tion.] Inflammation of the liver. H. chronica in- terstitialis, cirrhosis of the liver. H., Parenchy- matous, Acute, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. H. suppurativa, abscess of the liver. Hepatitopyitis (hep-at-it-o-pî-i/-tis) [#Tap, liver; triov, pus; trig, inflammation]. Hepatitis characterized by the formation of abscesses. Hepatization (hep-at-iz-a/-shum) [#map, liver]. An abnormal change in lung-tissue, in which it becomes solid and friable, somewhat resembling the tissue of the liver. H., Gray, the condition of a lung in the third stage of pneumonia. H., Red, that in the second stage of pneumonia. H., White, the condition of the lungs in stillborn syphilitic children. H., Yellow, the condition of the lung in the third stage of pneu- monia when tinted by the presence of numerous pus- cells. See Pneumonia. Hepatocace (hef-at-o/-as-e) [īrap, liver; Kakóg, ill]. Gangrene of the liver. Hepatocarcinia (hep-at-o-kar'sin'-e-ah) [#Tap, liver; Kapkivog, cancer]. Malignant disease of the liver. Hepatocele (hepſ-at-o-sel) [#Tap, liver; khºm, a tumor]. A form of hernia in which the liver protrudes through an opening in the abdominal wall. Hepatochromate (hep-at-o-Aro'-māt) [ºrap (#Tar-), the liver; Apóſia, a color]. Krukenberg's name for Enterochlorophyl. Hepatocirrhosis (hep-at-o-sir-o/-sis) [#map, Kubbóg, yellow]. Cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatocolic (hep-at-o-ºo!’-ić) [#map, liver; kóżov, colon]. Relating to the liver and the colon. Hepatocystic (hep-at-o-sis/-tić) [htap, liver; küorig, bladder]. Pertaining to the liver and the gall- bladder. liver; HEPATODIDYMUs Hepatodidymus (hep-at-o-did’’-im-us) [?trap, the liver; 6tóvuoc, double] A monster with a double body from the liver up. - Hepatoduodenal (hep-at-o-du-od/-en-al) [firap, liver; duodeni, twelve each]. Relating to the liver and the duodenum. Hepatodynia (hep-at-o-dim/-e-ah) [#map, liver; 66üvm, pain]. Pain in the liver. Hepatogastric (hep-at-o-gas/-trić) [#Tap, liver; yagrhp, stomach]. Pertaining to the liver and the stomach. Hepatogastritis (hep-at-o-gas-tri/-tis) [fftrap, liver; yaathp, stomach; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both liver and stomach. Hepatogenic (hep-at-o-jen/-i}) [#tap, liver; yeuvâv, to beget]. Produced by or in the liver. H. Icterus, also called absorption-icterus or jaundice, is caused by the absorption of bile already formed in the liver. Hepatography (hep-at-og/-ra-ſe) [?]"Tap, liver; Ypápetv, to write]. A description of the liver. Hepatoid (he/-at-oid) [#Tap, liver; eldoc, likeness]. Resembling a liver or liver-substance. Hepatolith (hep/-at-o-lith) [#tap, liver; Affog, stone]. Biliary calculus; gall-stone. r Hepatolithiasis (ſtep-at-o-lith-i/-as-is) [firap, liver; Attiaotº, presence of calculus]. A disease character- ized by gall-stones or concretions in the liver. Hepatolithic (hep-at-o-lith/-īA) [#Tap, liver; Affog, a stone]. Affected with biliary calculi. Hepatology (hep-at-o/oje) [?rap, liver; 26 yog, science]. The science of the nature, structure, func- tions, and diseases of the liver. Hepatomalacia (hep-at-o-mal-a’-se-ah) [#mrap, liver; plažakia, softness]. Softening of the liver. Hepatomegalia (hep-at-o-meg-a/-le-a/) [#Tap, liver; uéyac, large]. Auxesis of the liver. Hepatomyeloma (hep-at-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [?trap, liver; plve?6g, marrow ; Śpia, a tumor; pl. Hepatomyelomata]. Medullary carcinoma of the liver. Hepatoncus (hep-at-ong/-kus) [?"rap, liver; 6ykoç, a tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the liver. + Hepatonecrosis (hep-at-o-me-Aro/-sis) [#Tap, liver; vékpoolç, death]. Gangrene of the liver. Hepatopancreas (hep-at-o-pan/-/re-as) [mºrap, the liver; Táykpeaç, the pancreas: p!. Hepatopancreates]. In biology, a glandular organ of many invertebrates which exercises a digestive action upon starch and albumin, and at the same time secretes matters similar to those found in the bile of vertebrates. Hepatopathy (hep-at-op/-ath-e)[#Tap, liver; Tráffog, dis- ease]. Any hepatic disease or disorder. Hepatoperitonitis (hep-at-o-per-it-on-i/-tis) [#Tap, liver; Tepitóvatov, peritoneum; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the peritoneal or serous coat of the liver. Hepatopexia, or Hepatopexy (hep-at-o-fteås/-e-ah, Jep/-at-o-peſºs-e) [#map, liver; tāšic, fixation]. The suturing of a floating liver in its proper position. Hepatophage (hep/-at-o-faj) [hrap, liver; payeiv, to eat]. A giant-cell of a type peculiar to the liver; it is said to absorb and to destroy liver-cells. Hepatophyma (hep-at-o-fi/-mah) [hirap, liver; pipia, growth.]. Any tumor of the liver. Hepato-portal (hep-at-o-por’-tal) [#Tap, liver; porta, a gate]. Relating to the portal circulation in the liver; portal as distinguished from reniportal. - Hepatoptosis (hep-at-of-to/-sis) [httap, liver; Trôolç, a falling]. Synonym of Floating Ziver, 7. v. Hepatorrhagia (hep-at-or-a/-je-ah). Same as Hepatir- 7thagia, Hepatorrhaphy (hep-at-or’-a-ſe) [#map, liver; badºh, suture]. Suture of the liver. Hepatorrhea (hep at-or-e'-ah) [#map, liver; bota, flow]. Morbid or excessive secretion of bile by the liver. 559 HERAPATH'S METHOD Hepatorrhexis (hep-at-or-eks/-īs) [#map, liver; 675ug, a rupture]. Rupture of the liver. Hepatoscirrhus (hep-at-o-skir/-us) [#tap, liver; akip- hog, an induration]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the liver. Hepatoscopy (hep-at-osſ-ko-pe) [httap, liver; akoreiv, to examine], Visual examination of the liver. Hepato-splenitis (hep-at-o-splen-i/-tis) [#map, liver; at??v, spleen ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both liver and spleen. Hepatotomy (hep-at-of/-o-me) [firrap, liver; Tāuvetv, to cut]. Incision of the liver. Hephestic (hef-es/-tić) [Hephæstus, Vulcan]. Prevail- ing or occurring among hammermen. H. Cramp. See Aſammermen’s Cramp. H. Hemiplegia. See //emi- plegia. Heptacosane (hep/-tak-o-sām) [šttá, seven], C, Hss. A hydrocarbon contained in beeswax. Heptad (hep/-tad) [Éirtá, seven]. In chemistry, an atom whose equivalence is seven atoms of hydrogen, or that can be combined with, substituted for, or re- placed by, seven atoms of hydrogen. Heptagynian (hep-day-in/-e-an). See Heptagynous. Heptagynious (hep-ta/-in/-e-us). See Aſeptagynous. Heptagynous (ſtep-ta/-im-us) [Éttà, seven ; Yvvi, female]. In biology, having seven pistils or styles. Heptamerous (hep-tam/-er-us) [ćTrá, seven ; piépog, a part]. In biology, consisting of seven parts; having the organs in sevens. Heptandrous (hep-tan/-drus) [šttá, seven; avmp, man]. In biology, having seven stamens. Heptane (hep/-tän) [étrá, seven], C, Hig. A paraffin existing as a mobile, colorless liquid. It is contained in petroleum, and is also obtained from the resin of Pinus sabiniana by dry distillation. It is also called abietene, theolin, erasene, and aurantin. See Aydro- carbons, Zable of. Heptapetalous (hep-tah-pet/-al-us) [šttá, seven; Téražov, a leaf J. In biology, having seven petals. Heptaphyllous (hep-ta/-fi/-us) [é"Tá, seven ; pižov, a leaf J. In biology, having seven leaves. Heptatomic (hep-fat-om/-ié) [ćttá, seven ; Touog, an atom]. Same as Aſeptavalent, 7. v. º Heptavalent (hep-tav-a/-lent) [érrá, seven ; vaſens, having power]. In chemistry, equal to seven atoms of hydrogen in combining or saturating-power ; ap- plied to an atom that can be substituted for, or re- placed by, seven atoms of hydrogen. Heptolactone (hºp-to-la/-tän) [šTTá, seven ; lac, milk], C.H.I.O.. A substance formed from teracrylic acid by reducing with hydrobromic acid. It melts at II° C., and boils at 220° C. Heptoses (heft-tos’-ez) [értà, seven]. A division of the glucoses, of the composition C. HiſO. They are prepared by reducing the corresponding heptonic acids, C, H, Os (their lactones), with sodium amalgam. They have similar properties to the hexoses, and are not fermented by yeast. See Carbohydrates, 7 abſe of. Heracleum (her-ak-/e/-um) ['Hpák?stog, Hercules]. A genus of umbelliferous plants, the cow-parsnips. Several species, especially H. lanatum, in North America, and H. tauricum, in Europe, are diuretic and expectorant, and the roots and seeds are recom- mended for use in epilepsy. Unof. Herapath's Method. A method for determining the presence of minute quantities of quinin. For a test-fluid USČ- Metric. Apoth. Glacial acetic acid, . . . . . . . . 12 c.c. (3.24 f5). Ninety-five per cent. alcohol, . . . 4 c.c. (i.o.8 f3). Dilute sulphuric acid, . . . . . . 7 drops. A drop of this is put on the slide, and a very minute amount of the quinin-containing substance added. HERAPATHITE When dissolved, add an extremely minute drop of an alcoholic solution of iodin. The first effect is the production of the yellow, cinnamon-colored compound of iodin and quinin, which forms as a small circular spot; the alcohol separates in little drops, which, by a sort of repulsive movement, drive the fluid away; after a time the acid liquid again flows over the spot, and the polarizing crystals of sulphate of iodoquinin are slowly produced in beautiful rosets. This test suc- ceeds best without the application of heat. Herapathite (her’-ap-ath-it) [from Herapath, an Eng- lish chemist]. An iodid of quinin-sulphate, occur- ring in rhomboid laminae. It has been used as a remedy in scrofula and in febrile cases; in micros- copy, it is employed in polarizing light. Herb (erb or herb) [heróa, an herb]. An annual, bien- * nial or perennial plant, the stem of which contains but little wood and dies down to the ground at the end of the season. H.-doctor. See Aeróa/ist. H.-juice Cure. See Cure. Herbaceous (her-ba/-se-us) [herba, grass]. In biology: I. Applied to stems or other organs that have a tender, juicy consistence and perish at the close of the growing-season. 2. Feeding upon herbs. Herbal (her/-bal) [herba, grass]. An old name for a book on herbs; chiefly designating a book on the medicinal virtues of herbs. Herbalist (her/-bal-ist) [herba, grass]. An herb-doc- tor or simpler; a so-called botanic physician. Herbarium (her-ba/-re-um) [herba, grass]. A col- lection of dried plants arranged for study; a hortus S2CC?/S. Herbicarnivorous (her-be-Åar-niv/-or-us) [herba, herb- age; caro, flesh ; vorare, to eat]. Omnivorous; living upon both animal and vegetable food. Herbivora (her-biv/-or-ah) [herba, grass; vorare, to devour]. A name given to a division of mammalia. Animals that feed on vegetation. Herbivorous (her-biv'-or-us) [herba, grass; vorare, to devour]. A descriptive term applied to animals that subsist on vegetation. Herbst's Corpuscles. A variety of sensory end-organs found in the mucous membrane of the tongue of the duck; they resemble small Vater’s corpuscles, but their lamellae are thinner and closer to each other, while the axis-cylinder within the central core is bordered on each side by a row of nuclei. - Hercogamy (her-kog/-am-e) [Épkoç, a fence; yáuoç, marriage]. In biology, the prevention of impregna- tion or fertilization by some structural obstacle ; applied to flowers. Herculeus morbus (her-ku-leſ-us mor/-bus) [L.]. Synonym of Æpilepsy. Hereditary (he-red'-it-a-re) [heres, an heir]. Acquired by inheritance. H. Disease, one transmitted from parent to offspring. H. Parts. See Determinate. H. Syphilis. See Syphilis. Heredity (he-red/-it-e) [hereditas, heredity]. The principle or fact of the transmission of physical or mental qualities or tendencies from ancestor to offspring. Darwin's Theory of Heredity, or the Hypothesis of Pangenesis, supposes that each of the different cells of the body gives off gemmules (Plastidules of Æls- berg), or germinal particles, that are capable of repro- ducing their kind, and which are included in and consti- tute the generative cells, and thus reproduce all of the peculiarities of the original organism. Weissmann's Theory of the Continuity or “Immortality” of Germ-plasma, is developed from Mussbaum's proposi- tion that germ-substance is directly abstracted from the developing ovum and preserved, without essential alteration, to become, by giving rise to sexual elements, 560 HERMAPHRODITE the germ-substance of another generation, by the corollary that the whole nature of the animal or plant depends upon its germinal substance, and that the resemblance of the offspring to the parent is due to every gonoblast containing some germinal matter. According to Nussbaum and Weissmann the cells of the embryo are separated into two kinds: (1) The germ-cells, which become the sexual elements; (2) The somatic cells or body-cells, used as building-material (Somatoplasm) of the individual. Kölliker and others have demonstrated that no sharp distinction exists be- tween germ-cells and somatic cells, so that speculations based on such assumed difference necessarily fall to the ground. Naegele's Theory of Idioplasm and Nutri- tive Plasma, is a definite theory of germinal continu- ity; he assumes the formative force to reside in a specific material substratum, i. e., idioplasm—essentially iden- tical with Weissmann’s germ-plasma. Minot as- sumes idioplasm to be the nuclear substance, chro- matin, the essential factor in the function of heredity, and the nucleus, therefore, the organ of hereditary transmission. De Vries’ Theory of Intracellular. Pangenesis, suggests that the nuclear substance of the germ-plasm is composed of minute particles, Pan- genes, not cells, but the bearers of the properties of the cells. There are also in the nucleus AWuclear Aºods, called also Maſants, and Chromatizz Rods, which are built up of a series of ancestral plasms, called Ids, each representing “an individuality.” The doubling and multiplication of these idants prior to fertilization is in the interest of variety, or variation of form and character of the subsequent individual. This theory claims the same independence for all constituent parts of the cell-body as Weissmann claimed for those of the nucleus. The entire cell is called the Protoplast, and its various living, independent parts are called. Pangenes. The cell is thus likened to a compound organism or colony. Hering’s Experiment. A delicate test of stereoscopic vision in which the perception of degrees of depth is tested by means of falling bodies, seen through a long tube. H.’s Theory. See Color-sensation. Hermann's Difference-theory. See Difference. H.'s. Theory, a theory as to the causation of muscular con- traction; he claims that the formation of carbonic anhydrid on contraction is not simply due to oxida- tion, but rather to the decomposition of inogen, with the formation of certain simpler products, of which carbonic anhydrid is one, and sarcolactic acid and myosin the others. Hermaphrodism, or Hermaphroditism (her-maſ/- ro-digm, her-maſ/-ro-dit-izm) [Eppiñc, Mercury; 'Appoćirm, Venus]. The co-existence in a single in- dividual of completely developed ovaries and testicles, or of at least one of each gland. H., Bilateral, an ovary and a testicle on each side. H., Complex, a. rare instance of hermaphrodism in which there are pres- ent both the internal and external organs of either sex. H., Double. Same as H., Complex. H., Lateral, an instance in which male organs (especially a testicle) are more or less developed on one side, and female. organs (especially an ovary) on the opposite side. H., Protandrous, applied to the phenomenon as ex- hibited by most hermaphrodite platode worms, of developing the male sexual products before the female. H., Spurious, doubtful, but not double, sex. H., Transverse, an instance in which the external organs. indicate the one sex, and the internal the opposite. H., Unilateral, on one side an ovary and a testicle, on the other an ovary or a testicle. H., Vertical. Same as H., Complex. Hermaphrodite (her-maſ/-ro-dit) ["Eppiñº, Mercury;. HERMAPHRODITIC 561 'Appočírm, Venus]. An individual affected with her- maphrodism, g. v.; usually the condition is due to some congenital malformation of the genital organs, such as epispadias, hypospadias, cleft of the scrotum, etc., that makes the determination of sex Somewhat doubtful. For varieties, see Aermaphrodism. Hermaphroditic (her-mafro-diº/-i}) [Eppińc, Mercury; 'Appodity, Venus]. Pertaining to hermaphroditism, Q. v. See also Teratism. Hermaphroditism (her-maſ’-ro-dit-izm). Same as Aermaphrodism. Hermetic, Hermetical (her-met/-ić, her-met/-ić-al) ["Eppiñc, the god Mercury, the reputed founder of al- chemy]. Pertaining to chemistry. Also, having resist- ance to chemic action. Also, protected from exposure to air. H. Medicine, alchemistic or spagyric practice. H. Sealing, the closure of an outlet by cementation or fusion, so that it is impervious to air. . Also, the closing or covering of a wound by impervious dress- Ings. Hermodactyl (her-mo-da/-til) [Epſuffſ, Mercury; Öáktvāoc, finger]. The root or bulb of Colchicum variegatum, or C. autumnale; also of Iris tuberosa. It was formerly prized in medicine, but is now little used, except in India. Unof. - Hernia (her/-ne-ah) [hernia, from épwoc, sprout]. A tumor formed by the protrusion of the contents of a cavity (usually the abdominal) through its wall. Her- nias may be called after their locality, Epigastric, Femoral, Inguinal, Perimeal, Scrotal, Umbilical, etc.; according to their condition, Æncysted, Æeducible, Strangulated, Purulent, etc.; according to their con- tents, Cerebral, /ntestimal, Omental, Vesical, etc.; or, lastly, according to their origin, Acquired, Com- genital, Infantile, etc. H., Abdominal, a protrusion of a portion of the abdominal viscera through some portion of the parietes. H., Béclard's, a hernia through the saphenous opening. H., Birkett's, a hernia of the synovial membrane of a joint, following laceration of the capsular ligament. H. of the Bladder, the protrusion of a part of the bladder through one of the openings of the abdominal cavity, viz.: the femoral ring, or external adominal ring ; or it may form part of a ventral hernia after celiotomy or injury, or it may take place through an opening in the floor of the pelvis; the term was also formerly applied to cystocele, g. v. H. of Brain. See Fungus cerebri. H., Bruggiser’s. Same as H., Properitoneal. H., Bursal. Same as H., Birket?’s. H. carnosa. Synonym of Ælephantiasis arabum. H., Cecal, a hernia containing the cecum (with or without other parts of the bowel). H. cerebri. See Fungus cerebri. H., Chronic, an old hernia. H. of Cloquet. See H., Pectineal-crural and Diseases, Table of H., Complete, a hernia in which the sac and its contents have passed the hernial orifice. H., Congenital, a form of indirect inguinal hernia in which the vaginal process of the peritoneum having remained patulous, the bowel descends at once into the scrotum, in direct con- tact with the testicle. See also H. of the Cord. H., Cooper's, a variety of femoral hernia with a diver- ticulum through the superficial fascia. See, also, Dis- eases, Table of H. of the Cord, a congenital condition resulting from arrest of development of the lateral plates, with persistence of the omphalic duct. If the latter does not wither away, the fetal intestines are drawn out into the cord, giving rise to congenital umbilical hernia. H., Crural. See H., Femoral. H., Cruro-pro- peritoneal, a variety in which an additional sac exists between the peritoneum and abdominal wall, in the cellular tissue of the pelvis, and at the side of the blad- der. H., Cystic. Same as Cystocele, g. v. H., Dia- HERNIA. phragmatic, a protrusion of a portion of some of the ab- dominal viscera into the thorax, through a congenital defect in the diaphragm, or through a dilatation or laceration of one of the natural openings. H., Direct Inguinal. See H., Jnguinal, Direct. H., Dorsal. Synonym of H., Zumbar. H., Encysted (of Cooper); this form occurs when the ventral orifice closes, but the tunica vaginalis remains patulous, allowing the hernia to descend within the latter, push- ing before it the thin septum. H., Epigastric, a hernia in the linea alba, between the ensiform cartilage and the umbilicus. H., External, one appearing upon the external surface of the body. H., Femoral, a protrusion of the abdominal contents through the femoral canal, the tumor appearing on the upper inner aspect of the thigh, below Poupart's ligament. . H. of the Foramen ovale. See A., Obturator. H. " into the Foramen of Winslow, a lodgment of a portion of intestine in the foramen of Winslow. H., Funicular, a hernia into the umbilical cord. See A., Anfantile. H., Gastric. See Gastroceſe. H., Goyrand's or Gourand’s. See H., Inguino-interstitial. H., Guttural. Synonym of Goiter. H. of Hesselbach, a femoral hernia with a diverticulum through the cribri- form fascia, the hernia presenting a lobulated appear- ance. See, also, Diseases, Table of H. of Holthouse. See A., Inguino-crural. H., Humoral. Synonym of AEpididymitis, or Swelled Zesticle. H., Incar- cerated, an old irreducible hernia which has become occluded by the accumulation of gas, feces, or un- digested food, thus causing obstruction of the bowels. H., Incomplete, one that has not entirely passed through the hermial orifice. H., Infantile, that form of direct inguinal hernia that occurs when the funicular portion of the vaginal process of peritoneum has remained patulous. H., Infantile (of Hey). See H., Encysted. H., Hey’s. See H., AEmcysted. H., Infrapubic. Same as H., Obturator. H., Inguinal, a hernia occupying wholly, or in part, the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, Direct, a protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the parietes at the site of the external abdominal ring, without hav- ing traversed the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, External. See A., /nguina/, /ndirect. H., Inguinal, Indirect, one in which the protrusion occurs at the internal ring, and passes along the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, Internal. See H., Inguinal, Direct. H., Inguinal, Oblique. See A., Inguina/, /ndirect. H., Inguino-crural, or H. of Holthouse, a variety of suddenly-developed oblique inguinal hernia, in which, owing to the non-descent of the testicle, or to other causes, the hernia protrudes outward along the fold of the groin. H., Inguino-interstitial, an incomplete inguinal hernia. H., Inguino-labial, a variety of oblique inguinal hernia in the female, corre- sponding to the inguino-scrotal hernia of the male. H., Inguino-properitoneal, or H. of Krönlein, a hernia, with a prolongation of the hernial sac in various directions, within the abdominal walls. H., Inguino- scrotal, the common form of oblique inguinal hernia in men past middle life. H., Intermuscular. Same as H., Inguino-properitoneal. H., Interparietal. Same as H., Inguino-properitonea/. H., Inveterate. See H., Chronic. H. of Iris, a prolapse of a portion of the iris after iridectomy, trauma, etc. H., Irreduc- ible; a hernia is called irreducible when the protruded viscera cannot be returned to the abdomen by manipu- lation, with complete disappearance of the symptoms. H., Ischio-rectal. Same as H., Perimea/. H., Ischi- atic, a protrusion of the bowel through the great sacro- sciatic foramen. H.-knife, a probe-pointed knife for incising the constriction of a hermial sac. H. of 36 HERNIA 562 Krönlein. See H., /nguino-properitoneal. H., Labial, a protrusion of the bowel between the vagina and the ramus of the ischium into a labium majus. H. of Laugier, a femoral hernia through Gimbernat’s ligament. See, also, Diseases, Table of H. of Littre, a hernia of the bowel in which only a portion of the lumen is constricted in the hermial orifice. There is not, therefore, complete obstruction. H. of the Liver. See Hepatocele. H., Lumbar, a pro- HERNIA at which the fascia is deficient. H., Obstructed. See A., Incarcerated. H., Obturator, a protrusion of bowel through the obturator foramen. H., Omental, a hernia containing omentum. This condition is also called Epiplocele, g. v. H. of Ovary, a hernia including ovary, wholly or in part. H., Para- inguinal. Same as H., Properitoneal. H. of Partridge, a femoral hernia, external to the femoral vessels. See, also, Diseases, Table of H., Pectineal- The pillars open, the cord held up. The pillars sutured, The deep fascia the cord held up. AN UNSTRANGULATED closed over HERNIA. the cord. RADICAL OPERATION For INGUINAL HERNIA. (After Bassini.) **** **** * º (1. Ż% % % º& º º : ſ % º, ; tº º % f % $3% ºf 3% % % ſ% fºº % f | º % OBLIQUE INGUINAL HERNIA. % º \,, sº % ă º ze 3. DIRECT INGUINAL H ERNIA, Bubonocele on right side, but passing through - external ring on left. FEMORAL HERNIA. trusion of the intestine through Petit’s triangle—a space bounded by the external oblique and latissimus dorsi muscles and the crest of the ilium. H. of the Lung. See Pneumocele. H., Malgaigne's. Same as A., Congenital. H., Mesenteric (of Cooper); the passage of a portion of gut through an opening in the mesentery. H. of Muscles; occasionally, owing to imperfect healing of the deep fascia after wounds, a limited protrusion of the muscle occurs at the point crural, or H. of Cloquet, a variety in which, after pass- ing the femoral ring, the hernia turns within and behind the femoral vessels, resting on the pectineus muscle. H., Perineal, a protrusion of the abdominal contents between the fibers of the levator ani muscle, in front of or to one side of the anus. H., Petit’s. Same as AZ., Lumbar. H., Pharyngeal. See Pharyn- gocele. H., Phrenic. Same as H., Diaphragmatic. H., Pleural. See Pleuroceſe. H., Properitoneal, a hernia occupying a position between the planes of the abdominal wall, in front of the parietal peritoneum. H., Pudendal. Same as AZ., Zabial. H., Reducible, one that may be returned or reduced by manipulation. H., Retroperitoneal ; in this form of hernia the small intestine lodges in the fossa duodeno-jejunalis. H., Sciatic. Same as H., Ischiatic. H., Scrotal, that form of inguinal hernia in which the protrusion has entered the scrotum. H. of the Spleen. See Splenocele. H. of the Stomach. Same as Gastroceſe. H., Strangulated; a hernia is said to be strangulated when it is so tightly constricted at its neck as to inter- fere with its return, with the circulation of blood, and the passage of feces. H., Synovial. See H., Bir- Äett's. H. of Testis, a protrusion of the seminiferous HERNIAL tubules through a fistulous opening following abscess of the testicle. H. of the Tongue. See Glossocele. H. of the Trachea. See Tracheocele. H., Thyroid. See H., Obturator. H., Umbilical, a protrusion of the abdominal contents through the umbilicus. H. of the Uterus. See Aysſeroceſe. H., Vaginal, a protrusion of the abdominal viscera between the uterus and rectum, forming a tumor on the vaginal wall. H., Velpeau's, a femoral hernia in front of the femoral vessels. H., Ventral, the name applied to protrusions of the abdominal contents through the abdominal walls in situations not usually subject to herniae ; e. g., not at the abdominal rings or the umbilicus. H., Vesical. See H. of the Bladder. Hernial (her/-me-al) [hernia, a rupture]. Pertaining to hernia. H. Sac, the diverticulum of the peritoneum that accompanies a hernia. Hernio-celiotomy (her/-me-o-se-le-of/-o-me) [hernia, a rupture; kothia, belly]. Abdominal section for the relief of hernia. Hernio-enterotomy (her/-ne-o-en-ter-of/-o-me) [hernia, a rupture; £vrépov, bowel; topiń, a cutting]. Herni- otomy combined with enterotomy. Hernio-laparotomy (her/-ne-o-lap-ar-of/-o-me) [hernia, a rupture; Žatápa, the flank; Topff, a cutting]. Same as Aermio-celiotomy. Herniology (her-ne-o/-o-je) [hernia, hernia; 7.6%g, science]. That department of surgery which treats of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hernia. Herniopuncture º: -chºir) [hernia, hernia; puzzctura, a pricking]. The puncture of a hernia. Herniotome (her/-ne-o-tom) [hernia, hernia; Touáç, cutting]. A hernia-knife. Herniotomy (her-ne-of/-o-me) [hernia, hernia; Téuvetv, to cut]. Operation for the relief of hernia by section of the constriction. Heroic (he-roſ-ić) [#pog, a hero]. Bold or daring; rash or unusually severe; as heroic treatment or IIleaSUlreS. - Herophilus, Torcular of See Torcular. - Herpes (her/-pez) [Éptmc; Éptery, to creepl. An acute inflammatory affection, characterized by the develop- ment of groups of vesicles on a patch of inflamed skin or mucous membrane. H. catarrhalis, herpetic fever; a form of herpes accompanying the onset or crisis of acute febrile disorders, and frequently fol- lowing a rigor, of which it may be the sole sequel. It is most common in spring and autumn. Its forms are A. facialis and H. progenitalis. H. circinatus. See Tinea circinata. H. circinatus bullosus. See Hy- droa herpetiforme. H. desoluamans. See Timea int- bricata. H. esthiomenos. See Zupus. H. facialis, Aerpes labialis, Herpes febriſis; Hydroa febrile; an acute, non-contagious, inflammatory disorder of the skin that appears in the form of one or more groups of vesicles. It is commonly called ſever-blisters. Its usual seats are the lips, angles of the mouth, and the face, generally below the forehead. Owing to its relation to digestive derangements the ulcers are often termed “dyspeptic ulcers.” H. febrilis. See H. facialis. H. gestationis. See Hydroa herpetiforme. H. iris, a form of erythema in which a vesicle is seated on an erythematous base. It is usually seen on the backs of the hands and feet. H. labialis. See H. facialis. H. miliaris. Synonym of Eczema. H. phlycteno- des, Willan’s name for Herpes zoster occurring else- where than on the trunk. H. preputialis. See H. progenitalis. H. progenitalis, Herpes prepreſiaſis, a form of H. simplex, in which vesicles occur upon the glans and prepuce, from the size of a pin's head to that of a small pea. They number from two or three to a dozen. The condition is most common in males. 563 HETERADELPHIA H. pyaemicus. See /mpetigo herpetiformis. H. sim- plex. A synonym of //, catarrhaſis. H. tonsurans. See Tinea tonsurans. H. tonsurans maculosus. See Aityriasis rosea. H. zoster, Zoster, Zona : Shing/es, Agni's sacer, an acute inflammatory disease of the skin, which consists of grouped vesicles on a reddened base, the lesions being distributed in relation to the course of the cutaneous nerves, and, as a rule, uni- lateral. They are usually seen in the course of the intercostal nerves, but may follow the course of any nerve. The outbreak of the eruption is usually pre- ceded by severe neuralgic pain. The condition occurs most frequently in young people and in the autumn and spring of the year. H. z. ophthalmicus, follow- ing the course of the ophthalmic nerve. Herpetic (her-pet/-īk) [Spirmg, herpes]. Pertaining to herpes. H. Bridge. See Bridge. H. Fever. See Aſerpes catarrhaſis. H. Sore-throat. See Zonsiſ- 7tis, A/e7%.e/ic. Herpetiform (her-pet/-īform) [8pteg, herpes; forma, form]. Having a likeness to herpes. Herpetism (her/-pet-izm) [Špirmſ, herpes]. The her- petic diathesis; a constitutional predisposition to her- pes. Herpetography(her-pet-og/-ra-ſe). Same as Herpetology. Herpetoid (her/-pet-oid) [épTetóv, a reptile; elóog, likeness]. In biology, resembling a reptile. Herpetology (her-pe/-o/-o-je) [ÉpTyg, herpes; 26 yog, treatise]. The science of skin-diseases, especially those of an herpetic nature. Herpetology (her-pef-o/-oje) [épTetóv, a reptile; Žáyety, to speak]. The classified knowledge of reptiles. Hertwig's Theory. A theory of immunity founded upon the chemotactic action of certain chemic sub- stances. The fact of cardinal importance in this theory is that negative chemotropism may, under certain con- ditions, become positive. Hesperetinic Acid (hes-per-et-in/-ić). See Acid. Hesperidin (hes-per/-id in) ["Eaſtepoc, Hesperus]. Cº., H26O12. A glucosid present in the unripe fruit of oranges, lemons, etc. It separates from alcohol in fine needles, and melts at 251° C. Hesperidium (ſhes-per-id’’-e-um) ["Eaſtepoc, Hesperus (in allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides): p., Aesperidia]. In biology, an orange-like fruit, having a succulent flesh covered with a leathery rind; a va- riety of berry. Hesse's Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis, Hesselbach’s Hernia. See Aſerizia, and Diseases, Zºzó/e of H.’s Triangle. See Triangles, Table of Hessian Crucible (/es//-yan Aru/-sió-/). A crucible made of fine clay and sand, and used for melting gold, silver, and their alloys in the manufacture of gold and silver plates and solders. H. Purple. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of H. Violet, and H. Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Hesthogenous (hes-thoj/-en-us) [éabág, dress, clothing; yóvoç, offspring]. In biology, applied to birds that are hatched with a covering of down; A/i/opedic, opposed to gymnogenous, psilopedic. Heteracanth (het/-er-ak-anth) [štěpog, other; &ravba, spine]. In biology, applied to fishes in which the dorsal and anal fin-spines are asymmetric. Heteracephalous (het-er-a-sef’-a/-us) [štěpog, other; kepazº, head]. See Heterocephalous. - Heteracmy (het-er-aſſ/-me) [Štěpog, other, different; ãRuff, prime, maturity]. In biology, applied to plants in which cross-fertilization is secured by the heterochron- ous maturing of the stamens and pistils. Heteradelph (het/-er-ad-elf). See Heterade/phus. Heteradelphia (het-er-ad-e/-fe-ah) [štěpog, other; ãdežpóg, brother]. Heteradelphous teratism. HETERADELPHOUS Heteradelphous (het-er-ad-e/-fus) [Érepoc, other; ádež poc, brother]. Relating to an heteradelphus, or to an autosite and its parasite. - Heteradelphus (het-er-ad-el/-fus) [Étepog, other; āóex- póg, brother]. A joined twin-monster, consisting of an autosite with an attached parasite, the head of the latter being absent. Heteradenia (het-er-ad-e'-ne-ah) [Érepoc, other; āóñv, gland]. I. Normal glandular structure occurring in a part normally not provided with glands. 2. Gland- ular structure departing from the normal type. Heteradenic (het-er-ad-e'-nik) [štěpoç, other; adhv, gland]. Pertaining to or consisting of tissue that is unlike normal glandular tissue, though essentially glandular. Heteradenoma (het-er-ad-en-o’-mah) [Érepoc, other; ãóñv, gland; jua, tumor; pl., Heteradenomata]. A tumor formed of heteradenic tissue. Heteralius (het-er-a/-le-us) [étépoc, other; &Woç, a discl. A double monster in which the parasite is very incom- plete—usually merely a head—and inserted at a dis- tance from the umbilicus of its host, and with no direct connection with the umbilical cord of the latter. Heterauxesis (het-er-awks-e'-sis) [Érepoc, other, differ- ent; atºmouc, increase]. In biology, any unsymmetric growth, normal or abnormal. Heterecious (het-er-e'-se-us) [Érepoc, other, different; oikoç, a house]. In biology, parasitic upon different hosts at different stages of growth. Hetero- (het’-er-o-) [štěpog, other]. denoting diversity or unlikeness. Hetero-albumose (het/-er-o-a/-bu-mös). 7/20S6°S. Hetero-autoplasty (het/-er-o-aw/-to-plas-te) [Étepog, other; at Tóg, self; Thäooeuv, to form]. Grafting of skin from one person upon the body of another. Heterobiophorid (het-er-o-bi-off’-or-id) [Érepoſ, other, different; biophore, a bearer of vitality, from 3iog, life; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, Weismann's name for a primitive organism, the constituent biophores of which have been differentiated, in connection with a division of labor, and combined in various ways to form the body of the organism. See Aſomeobiophorid. Heteroblastic (het-er-o-blas/-tić) [érepoc, other, differ- ent; 8%ao Tóg, germ, budj. In biology, arising from a different or abnormal source. Heterocarpous (het-er-o-Kar/-pus) [štěpog, other, dif- ferent; KapTóg, fruit]. In biology, having more than one sort of fruit. Heterocele (het/-er-o-sel) [štěpoç, other; Khºm, hernia]. A hernia existing in some prolapsed organ, as in a rectocele. Heterocephalous (het-er-o-sef’-a/-us) [Érepoç, other, different; kepazà, head]. In biology, applied to plants bearing flower-heads of more than one kind, as pistillate and staminate. Heterocephalus (/et-er-o-sef/-a/-us) [étepog, other; kepaññ, the head]. A fetal monstrosity with two heads of unequal size. Heterocercal (/et-er-o-ser/-Aal) [Érepoc, other; képkog, tail]. In biology, having an asymmetric or unequally divided tail-fin. Heterocerous (het-er-osſ-er-us)[érepoc, other, different; képaç, horn]. In biology, applied to a group of in- sects, the members of which vary as to the form of their antennae. - Heterochromia (het-er-o-Kro/-me-a/.) [8tepog, other; Apôua, color]. A difference in color (as between the irides of the two eyes). Heterochromous (het-er-o-Aro/-mus) [štěpoc, other; 2:pāua, color]. In biology, having different colors. Heterochronia (het-er-o-Aro/-ne-ah) [Étépoc, other; A Greek prefix See Albu- 564 HETEROGENESIS Apóvog, time]. The production of a structure or the occurrence of a phenomenon at an abnormal period of time. Heterochronic, Heterochronous (het-er-o-kron/-ić, Aet-er-o/-ron-us) [štěpoç, other; Apóvoc, time]. Ir- regular in occurrence. Occurring at different times, or at other than the proper time. Heterochrony (het-er-o/-ro-ne) [štěpog, other; Apóvoc, time]. In biology, out of order as to time, as organs, organisms, or hereditary traits that occur out of the true ontogenetic sequence. Cf. Homeochronous. Heterocline (het/-er-o-klin) [štěpoc, other, different ; K%ivm, bed]. Same as Heterocephalus. Heterocrania (het-er-o-Ara/-ne-ah) [Érepoc, other; Kpavíov, skull]. Headache involving but one side of the head. Heterocyst (het/-er-o-sist) [Érepoc, other, different; küotic, a bag, pouch]. In biology, applied to individ- ual cells. in the moniliform rows of roundish, chloro- phyl-bearing cells of the Mostocaceae, which, appar- ently without any definite law, vary in size and color from those among which they are intercalated ; a limiting-cell. Heterodactyl (het-er-o-da/-til) [Étépoc, other; 6ák- Tvåoç, a finger or toe]. An animal in which the digits are in some way peculiar or irregular. Heterodermotrophy (het-er-o-der-mot/-roºfe) [Érepoc, other; 68pua, skin; Tpopff, nutrition]. Disordered or perverted nutrition of the skin. - Heterodont (het/-er-o-dont) [Érepoc, different; 6600c (öðovt-), tooth]. In biology, having more than one sort of teeth, as incisors, canines, molars; the oppo- site of Æomodont, Heterodromous (het-er-od’-ro-mus) [štěpoç, other; Öpapeiv, to run]. In biology, growing or turning in opposite directions, as a tendril that coils first one way and then the other. Heterodromy (het-er-od’-ro-me) [Érepoc, other; 6póuoc, a running]. In biology, a change in the direction of the spiral in the leaves of the branches and stem. Same as Antidromy. Heterodymus (het-er-od/-im-us) [Érepoc, other; 6tóvuoc, twin]. A double monster, the accessory part being but an imperfect head, with a neck and thorax by which it is implanted in the anterior abdominal wall of its host. Heterogamous (het-er-og/-am-us)[štěpoc, other; yáuoç, marriage]. In biology, bearing male and female flowers in the same inflorescence or plant. Heterogamy (het-er-og/-am-e) [štěpog, other; yáuoç, marriage]. In biology, a term applied to different forms of sexual development arising from difference in nutri- tion or environment. It is typified in the Phylloxera vastalrix, the development of which is far more com- plex when the insects are bred under ground, on the roots of the grape-vine, compared with that when the insects breed upon the leaves of the vine. In the latter case the successive generations consist of apter- ous, oviparous females only ; in the former the cycle consists of male insects, apterous females for perpetuat- ing, and winged females for spreading the species. Heterogeneity (het-er-o-jen-e/-it-e) [ćrepoc, other; yévog, kind]. The condition or quality of being heterogeneous. Heterogeneous (het-er-o-je/-me-us) [Érepoc, other; yévoc, kind]. Differing in kind or nature; composed of different substances; not homogeneous. Heterogenesis (het-er-o-jen’-es-is) [štěpoc, different; yévêoug, generation]. I. Organic deviation in the situation or character of organs, etc. 2. In biology, a mode of biogenesis, by which the living parent gives rise to offspring that pass through totally different HETEROGENETIC series of states from those exhibited by the parents, and do not return into the cycle of the parents (Hux- ley). Milne-Edwards has substituted the word Xeno- genests, 7. 2. Heterogenetic (het-er-o-jen-et/-i}) , [Érepoc, other; yévectſ, generation]. Pertaining to heterogenesis. Heterogenist (het-er-oj/-en-ist). See Abiogenesis. Heterogeny (het-er-oj/-en-e). Same as Heterogenesis. Heterogonous (het-er-og/-o-mus) [štěpog, other; yóvoc, generation]. In biology, having several kinds of flowers as regards the length of the stamens and styles; hetero-styled. Cf. Dimorphous, 7%-imorphozas. Heterogony (het-er-og/-o-me) [Érepoc, other; Yávoc, generation]. A form of reproduction that consists in the occurrence, in the cycle of development, of in- dividuals differing in structure from the parent forms and existing under special conditions of nutrition. Heterogynous (het-er-oj/-in-us) [ćrepoc, other, differ- ent; yövm, female]. In biology, applied to certain groups of insects among which there are two kinds of females, one sexually perfect, the other not. Heteroinfection (het-er-o-in-ſek/-shun) [Érepoſ, other; inficere, to taint]. I. Infection transmitted by a person who is himself not infected. 2. Infection of any organism by a poison not produced within itself; op- posed to auto-infection. Heteroinoculation (het-er-o-in-ok-u-la/-shun) [Érepoc, other; inoculatio, an ingrafting]. Inoculation of one person by another. Heterokinesis (het-er-o-Ain-e'-sis) [Érepoç, different; kiveiv, to move]. In biology, Weismann's term for that kind of nuclear division in which the two daughter- nuclei contain different kinds of idioplasm, i.e., nuclear division depending upon a heterogeneous grouping of the primary constituents and resulting in parts contain- ing dissimilar hereditary tendencies. Cf. Homeokinesis. Heterolalia (het-er-o-la/-le-ah) [Érepoç, other; Wańtá, talk]. The utterance of words other than those in- tended by the speaker; heterophemy. Heterologous (het-er-o/-o-gus) [Étépoc, other; 26 yoc, relation]. Differing in structure or form from the normal. H. Series, a series derived from each other by chemic metamorphoses. H. Tissues, morbid tis- sues that have no structural relation with the normal tissues of the part. H. Tumors, tumors constituted of a different tissue from that of the part in or on which they are situated. Heterology (het-er-o/-o-je) [Érepoc, other; Aóyoc, rela- tion]. Abnormality in nature, form, or structure; de- velopment of an abnormal structure. Heterolopia, Heterolopy (het-er-o-lo'-pe-ah, het-er-o/- o-pe) [štěpog, other; Wotóg, scale]. The presence of abnormal scales, crusts, or scabs. Heteromastigate (het-er-o-mas/-tig-āt) [Érepoc, other, different; pláotag, a whip]. In biology, having more than one kind of flagellum. Heteromerous (het-er-om/-er-us) [štěpoç, other; uépoc, a part]. In biology, having homologous parts di- versely composed. Heteromorphism (het-er-o-mor/ºffzm) [Érepoc, other; popºff, form]. A condition marked by difference in form, as compared with the normal form. In chem- istry, the property of crystallizing in different forms. In biology : I. A state of deviation from a type or norm. 2. Exhibiting different forms at different stages in the life-history. Heteromorphosis (het-er-o-morfo/-sis) [Érepoc, other; plóppoqug, formation]. Malformation or deformity; any disease characterized by deformity. Heteromorphous (het-er-o-mor/-fus) [ćtepog, other; popºff, form]. Differing from the normal in form. Heteronephrotrophy (het-er-o-meſ-rotº-roºfe) [štěpog, 565 HETEROPHYADIC other; vegp6q, kidney; Toopſ, nutrition]. Malnu- trition or degeneration of any part of the kidney. Heteronomous (het-er-on/-o-mus) [ćrepoc, other; véuoc, law]. In biology, diversification in any series or set of morphologically related structures through special- ization. Heteronomy (het-er-on/-o-me) [Étépoc, other; v6/10g, law]. I. Subordination to a law of adaptive modifi- cation. 2. The presence of segmentation. Cf. Auton- omy and Homonomy. Heteronym (he/-er-o-nim) [Érepoc, other; 6vvua, name]. An unrelated synonym ; a name in one language that corresponds to the same name in another language, but has no near derivative relationship thereto. Heteronymous (het-er-on/-im-us) [Érepoc, other; 6vvua, name]. Not homonymous; applied to crossed double visual images, such as are seen when there is a rela- tive divergence of the eyes. Heteronymy (het-er-on/-im-e) [Érepoc, other; 6vvua, name]. A system of polyglot nomenclature in which exact synonyms are used in each language to repre- sent corresponding but unrelated words in other lan- guages; compare paronymy. Hetero-osteoplasty (het/-er-o-os/-te-o-plas-te) [ćrepoſ, other; botéov, bone; Tââooetv, to form]. The surgi- cal grafting of bone, especially with a graft taken from a bone of one of the lower animals. Heteropagus (het-er-op/-ag-us) [ćrepoc, other; Tmyvival, to unite]. A monstrosity with normal head, upper and lower extremities, but with a parasite attached to the anterior abdominal wall. The parasite has a head and extremities. Heteropathic (het-er-o-path/-ié) [Étepog, other; Tábog, disease]. Pertaining to or making use of hetero- pathy. Heteropathy (het-er-op/-ath-e) [Érepoc, other; Tāffog, affection]. The treatment of a disease by inducing a different morbid condition to neutralize it. Abnormal reaction to stimulus or irritation. Heteropelmous (het-er-o-pe/-mus) [štěpoc, different; Té%pua, the sole of the foot]. In biology, applied to birds in which each of the flexor tendons of the sole of the foot splits into two. Heterophagous (het-er-off’-ag-us) [Érepoc, other, differ- ent; payeiv, to eat]. In biology, applied to young animals that require to be fed by the parents; altri- cial. Heterophemism (het-er-off’-em-izm). See Heterophemy. Heterophemy (het-er-off’-emi-e) [Érepoc, other; påum, utterance]. The utterance of one thing when another is intended ; heterolalia. Heterophonia (het-er-o-fo/-ne-ah) [štěpog, other; pová, voice]. Abnormal quality or perversion of the voice. Heterophoralgia (het-er-o-for-a/-je-ah) [štěpog, other; popóg, tending ; &Wyog, pain]. Eye-strain or ocular pain caused by heterophoria. - Heterophoria (hef-er-o-fo/-re-ah) [štěpog, different; popóg, tending]. A tending of the visual lines in some other way than that of parallelism. It may be Esophoria, a tending of the lines inward; or Exo- phoria, outward; or Hyperphoria, a tending of the right or left visual line in a direction above its fellow ; Hyperesophoria, a tending of the visual lines upward and inward; Hyperexophoria, upward and outward. Heterophoric (het-er-o-fo/-rié) [Étépoc, other; popóg, tending]. Due to heterophoria. Heterophthongia (het-er-off-thong'-e-ah) [štěpog, other; (p66)Yog, sound]. Synonym of Pentriloquism. Heterophyadic (het-er-o-ft-ad/-ić) [ćrepoc, other, dif- ferent; piectat, to grow]. In biology, characterized by producing two kinds of stems, e.g., one fertile, the Succeeding one sterile. HETEROPHYLLOUS Heterophyllous(het-er-off’-il-us)[Érepoc,other,different; püWWov, leaf J. In biology, producing more than one kind of leaves on the same stem, as in /uniperus sabima, var, procumbens, or having the leaves different in the several species of a genus. Heteroplasia (het-er-o-pla/-ze-ah) [Érepoc; other; Tââouc, shaping]. I. Development of abnormal tissue; the presence in a part where it does not normally belong, of tissue that may, or may not, be normal. 2. The gradual removal of the material of an engrafted part, and its replacement by material normal to the part in which it is engrafted. Heteroplasm (het/-er-o-plazm) [ÉTepoc, other; Tââoua, something formed]. Heteroplastic material. Heteroplastic (het-er-o-plas/-tić) [štěpoc, other; Tââogetv, to form]. I. Relating to heteroplasia. 2. Differing in structure. - Heteroplastid (het-er-o-plas/-tid) [ćrepoc, Tºàooetv, to form]. A surgical graft. Heteroplasty (he/-er-o-plas-te) [štěpoç, other; Tââogetv, to form]. I and 2. Same as Heteroplasia, Q. v. 3. Surgical grafting, especially of parts taken from another Species. Heteroprosopus (het-er-o-pro-so/-pus) [štěpoc, other; Tpógoſtov, face]. A fetus with two faces; janus or janiceps. Heteropsychology (het-er-o-si-ko/-0-ſe) [štěpoç, other; livyā, soul; %yog, treatise]. The study or science of psychology, as based upon facts other than those of one's own subjective experiences. Heteropterous (/e/-er-op/-ter-us) [8tepog, other, differ- ent; TTepów, wing]. In biology, having the wings composed of several distinct parts, as in the bugs. Heterorexia (het-er-o-re/s/-e-ah) [štºpog, other; pešac, desire]. Perversion of the appetite. Heteroscopy (het-er-osſ-ko-pe) [štěpoc, other; okoteiv, to examine]. Same as Deuteroscopy. Heterosomatous (het-er-o-som/-at-us) [Érepôg, other, different; Gögå, body]. In biology, having the body bilaterally asymmetric, or otherwise varying from a type. Heterosporous (het-er-osſ-po-rus) [ćrepoc, other, differ- ent; otópoc, seed]. In biology, bearing spores of more than one kind, as macrospores and microspores. Heterostrophy (het-er-osſ-tro-ſe) [Érepoc, other, differ- ent; otpopff, a turning]. In biology, a reversal in the direction of the twist, as in certain spiral shells. Heterostyled (he/-er-o-stild) [štěpoç, different; ori Aog, a pillar, style]. See Aeterogomous. Heterotaxia (het-er-o-ta/s/-e-a/). See Heterotaxis. Heterotaxis (het-er-o-taks/-īs) [štěpog, other; Táčac, or- der]. The anomalous disposition or transposition of internal organs; a form of malformation occasionally seen in the human species—situs inversus viscerum. The transposition is most commonly seen in the abdo- men. There is no interference with nutrition or func- tion by the abnormal arrangement of the parts. The opposite of Aomotaxis. Heterotopia (het-er-o-o/-pe-ah) [Érepoc, other; Tótoç, place]. I. Any misplacement of normal tissue, especially a congenital malformation of the brain, in which masses of gray matter are found transplanted into the white. This condition is invariably associated with idiocy. 2. The same as Heterochronia. 3. In biology, a mode of acceleration or change during growth, characterized by the transfer of cells from one part of the organism to the other, Heterotopic (he/-er-o-o/-i/). See //eterotopous. Heterotopous (/et-er-o/-o-pus) [Érepoç, other ; Tótoc, place]. Characterized by heterotopia; misplaced. Heterotopy (he/-er-o/-o-pe). Same as A/e/erotopia. Heterotrophia, or Heterotrophy (het-er-o-tro/-/e-a/a, or het-er-o/-ro-ſe) [Étépoc, other; Tpopff, sustenance]. other; 566 HEXANE Any perversion or disorder of nutrition, local or general. In biology, obtaining nourishment by some abnormal or unusual arrangement. Heterotropia (het-er-o-tróp'-e-ah), See Strabismus. Heterotropic (het-er-o-trop’-ić) [šTepoc, other, different; TpóToç, a turning]. In biology, applied to plants the different organs of which behave differently under the same form of irritation. Cf. Anisotropic. Heterotropous (het-cr-o/-ro-pus) [štěpog, different; Tpótrog, turning]. In biology, applied to any organ or part which is turned in an unusual direction, as an embryo transverse to the axis of the seed; amphitro- foºts. Heterotypic (het-er-o-tip/-ić), Heterotypical (het-er-o- tip/-ik-al) [štěpog, other; titaſ, pattern]. Applied to a monstrosity consisting of a well-developed fetus from which grows an immature secondary fetus. Heterotypus (het-er-o-ti’-pus) [štěpoſ, different; titrog, a type]. A double monster having the parasitic fetus hanging from the ventral wall of the principal subject. Heteroxanthin (het-er-o-zan/-thin) [štěpog, other; §avóóg, yellow], CsPIs N.O. A leukomaine isolated from urine in 1884. In composition it is methyl-xan- thin, and it is intermediate between xanthin and para- xanthin or dimethyl-xanthin ; it exists in the urine of man in the same proportion as para-xanthin. It occurs in larger amount in the urine of leukemic patients. It is crystalline, soluble in hot water, insoluble in alcohol and ether. It is thought by Solomon to have its origin in the kidney. Its physiologic action is not yet fully known. Xanthin, heteroxanthin, and para- xanthin form normally an homologous series of Xan- thin-bodies in the urine. Heubner's Disease. Syphilitic disease of the cerebral arteries. See Diseases, Zable of Heuchera (hu/-ker-ah). See Alum-root. Heurteloup (her/-te/-äp) [after Baron Heurteloup, the inventor]. An artificial leech or cupping-apparatus. Hewitt's Mixture. A mixture used in treating chlo- rosis. It consists of compound spirit of ether, com- pound tincture of lavender, and aromatic spirit of ammonia, each 2 drams; water sufficient to make 2 ounces. Of this one dram is given every two or three hours. Hewson's Dressing. An application for wounds, tumors, etc., consisting of dry earth containing about 50 per cent. of clay. H.’s Experiments, experi- ments made to prove that the blood-vessels exert a restraining influence on coagulation. Hexabasic (he/s-ah-ba/-sik) [šć, six; 3éog, a base]. Replaceable by six basic atoms. Hexactinal (heks-a/-tin-al) [ÉÉ, six; diſcric, ray]. In biology, bearing six rays. Hexad (he/s/-ad) [šáç, six]. In chemistry, an element the atoms of which have six times the saturat- ing power or equivalence of the hydrogen atom. Hexadactylism (he/s-ad-a/-til-izm) [šáç, six; 6ákrv- Wog, a finger]. Having six fingers or toes. Hexagynian (he/s-aſ-in/-e-an) [šš, six; yuvh, female]. In biology, having six pistils or styles. Hexahydric Alcohols (he/s-ah-ſhi/-drik). /hol. Hexamerous (he/s-am/-er-us) [šš, six; uépoc, part]. In biology, having six parts, or the parts in sixes. Hexandrous (heks-an/-drus) [šč, six; avàp, male]. In biology, having six stamens. It is also called Æearan- drious, Hexandrian. Hexane (he/s/-än) [ššáç, six], CsPIu. The sixth mem- ber of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It is a liquid, boiling at about 71°C., found in various natural oils. . See A/co- HEXAPETALOUS Hexapetalous (he/s-ap-et/-al-us) [ÉÉ, six; trérdžov, a leaf J. In biology, having six petals. Hexaphyllous (heks-aſ-i/-us) [ć, six; $0%0v, leaf J. In biology, having six leaves or leaflets. Hexapod (he/s/-ap-od) [ć, six; troög, foot]. In biology, having six feet, as the true insects. Hexapodan (he/s-ap'-o-dan). Same as Hexapod. Hexapterous (he/s-ap/-ter-us) [ć, six ; Trepév, a wing]. In biology, having six wings or wing-like appendages. Hexastemonous (he/s-as-tem/-o-mus) [ć, six; othuov, warp, taken as stamen]. Same as Hexandrous. Hexastichous (he/s-as/-tié-us) [ššáortyoc, of six rows]. In biology, having the parts or organs arranged in six rCWS. Hexatomic (he/s-at-om/-ié) [ščág, six; &rogog, an atomj. In chemistry, consisting of six atoms; also applied to atoms that are hexavalent, and to alcohols or other compounds having six replaceable hydrogen atOmS. Hexavalent (heks-az/-a/-ent) [ššág, six; valens, having power]. In chemistry, having the same saturating or combining-power as six hydrogen atoms, or a valence of six. Hexicology (heks-ić-o/-o-je). See Hexiology. Hexiology (heks-e-o/-o-je) [&tc, habit; %yog, science]. The science of the relations of the organism to its environment. Hexoses (heks-o/-sez) [šáç, six]. The aldehyd or ketone derivatives of the hexahydric alcohols. They occur frequently in plants, especially in ripe fruits. They are formed by the hydrolytic decomposition of all disaccharids and polysaccharids when they are boiled with dilute acids, or acted upon by ferments. They possess feeble reducing-power. They precipitate cuprous oxid from warm alkaline cupric solutions, one molecule of hexose precipitating about five atoms of copper. This is the basis of the method for the vol- umetric estimation of glucose by means of Fehling’s solution. When exposed to Schizomycetes the hexoses readily undergo fermentation. See Carbohydrates, Table of. - Hexylamin (he/s-i/-am-in). See Caproylamin. Hey’s Hernia. See Hernia, Encysted. H.’s Liga- ment. See Zigament. Hiation (hi-a/-shun) [hiare, to gape]. The act of gap- ing or yawning. Cf. Pandiculation. Hiatus (hi-a/-äus) [hiare, to gape]. A space or open- ing. Also, the vulva. H. aorticus. See Aortic Opening. H. of Fallopius, the shallow groove on the petrous portion of the temporal bone. H. sacralis, a slit-like opening on the posterior surface of the sacrum. It is continuous above with the spinal canal. H. semilunaris, a crescentic furrow upon the outer wall of the middle meatus of the nose. Hibernaculum (hi-ber-nak/-u-lum) [L., a winter resi- dence; pl. , Hibernacula]. In biology,an organ fitted to protect delicate parts during the winter; a winter bud. Hibernation (hi-ber-ma/-shum) [hibernus, winter]. The dormant condition or winter-sleep of certain animals, notably bears, hedgehogs, etc., in which animation is almost suspended. Respiration and circulation are greatly reduced, and nutrition is performed mainly at the expense of the fatty tissues of the animal. Hiccup, or Hiccough (hik/-up) [hic, a mimic word; M.E., cough, a cough]. A spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm causing inspiration, followed by a sudden closure of the glottis. Hickory (hik/-or-e) [an American Indian name]. The bark of shellbark hickory, Hicoria, or Carya alba : it is tonic and anti-intermittent, and useful in malarial fevers. Dose of the fla. ext, 3 ss—j. Unof. 567 HIGH Hicks (Braxton), Method of. In obstetrics a method of performing version. It is the bipolar or combined internal and external method. H., Sign of. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of Hidden Seizure. A popular name for various forms of slight or sudden epileptiform attacks. Hide (hid) [ME., hide, skin]. The skin of an animal. The skins of the ox, cow, buffalo, horse, etc., that are utilized in the manufacture of leather, are especially so termed. If obtained from younger animals of the same kind, they are called Áips. H.-bound Disease. See Scleroderma. H.-bound Skin. See Sclero- derma. H.-glue. See G/ue. Hidro- (hi/-dro-) [iópóg, sweat]. A prefix signifying SWeat. Hidroa (hid-ro/-ah) [iópoa, sweat-spots; sudamina]. Sudamina; any dermal lesion associated with or caused by profuse sweating. Hidrocystoma (hid-ro-sis-to/-mah) [tópoa, sudamina; küortg, a cyst; 6p1a, a tumor: pl., Hidrocystomata). A variety of Sudamina appearing on the face, especi- ally in women in middle and advanced life. Hidromancy (hid’’-ro-man-se) [tópóg, sweat; uavreia, divination]. The forming of a prognosis from exami- nation of the perspiration. Hidronosus (hid-ron/-o-sus) [iópóg, sweat; vögog, dis- ease]. Any disease of the sweat-glands. Hidropedesis (hid-ro-ped-e'-sis) [iópég, sweat; Táčmotº, a leaping]. Excessive sweating. Hidroplania (hid-ro-pla/-ne-ah) [iópóc, sweat; T2&vm, a wandering]. Sweating in an unusual portion of the body. Hidropoiesis (hid-ro-poi-e'-sis) [iópóg, sweat; Totéetv, to make]. The process of the formation and excre- tion of sweat. Hidropoietic (hid-ro-poi-et/-ić) [iópóg, sweat; Totéetv, to make]. Relating to hidropoiesis; sudoriparous. Hidrorrhea (hid-ror-e'-ah) [iópóg, sweat; bota, a flow]. Excessive flow of sweat. Hidrosadenitis (hid-ras-ad-en-i/-tis) [iópég, sweat; ãó#v, gland ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the sweat-glands. Hidroschesis (hid-rosſ-Åes-is) [iópóg, sweat; oréatc, retention]. Retention or suppression of the sweat. Hidrosis (hid-ro/-sis) [iópóg, sweat]. I. The forma- tion and excretion of sweat. 2. Abnormally profuse sweating. 3. Any skin-disease marked by disorder of the sweat-glands. Hidrotic (hid-rot/-ić) [ióportkóç, producing sweat]. I. Diaphoretic or sudorific. 2. A medicine that causes sweating. Hidrotopathic (hid-ro-to-path/-i}) [iópáç, sweat; Tábog, disease]. Relating to a morbid state of the perspira- tory function. Hidrotopoièsis (hid-ro-to-poi-e'-sis) [iópóg, sweat; Toté- etv). Same as Hidropoiesis. Hidrotopoietic (hid-ro-to-poi-et/-ić). See Hidropoietic. Hidrozymases (hi-dro-zi-mia/-sez) [iópég, sweat: Šipim, ferment]. Sweat-ferments, including amylase, emul- sin, and pepsin. Hiera picra (hi/-er-a/, pi/-Årah) [L., Sacred bitters]. Pulvis aloes et canellae. See Aloes. Hieracium (hi-er-a/-se-um) [i.epáktov, hawk-weed]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. In the old world, H. murorum and H. pilosella, and in the U. S., H. scabrum and H. venosum are popularly esteemed as useful remedies. They have astringent and pectoral qualities. Unof. Hieralgia (hi-er-a/-je-ah) ſtepôv, sacred, sacrum ; Čiž)'oc, pain]. Pain in the sacrum. High (hi) [ME., high, high]. I. Elevated far above a base. 2. Intensified in physical quality, as temper- HIGHGATE RESIN ature. H. Pelvic Posture. See Postures, Table of. H.-ride Sitting, in massage, sitting astride a high stool or narrow bench in order to fix the pelvis. Highgate Resin (hi/-gāt rez'-in). See Copalin. Highmore, Antrum of. A cavity in the superior max- illary bone. H.’s Antrum of the Testicle. See Antrum. - Highmorianum, Corpus (hi-mor-e-an/-um. Åor/-pus) [L.]. See Corpus. Hilar (hi/-/ar) [hiſum, a little thing]. pertaining to the hilum. Hill Diarrhea. Hill colic. A peculiar type of diarrhea prevailing in certain hill-districts of India, marked by pernicious fever, extreme pain, and often speedy death. Hill's Stopping. A preparation consisting principally of bleached gutta-percha, carbonate of lime, and quartz, used for filling teeth. Hilton's Law. See Lazy. Table of H.’s Muscle. H.’s Sac, a laryngeal pouch. Hilum (hi/-/um) [hilum, a little thing ; pl. , Hilal. In biology: (a)the point of attachment of an ovule or a seed to its funiculus, or if sessile, to the placenta; (b) a small pit, scar, recess, or opening in an animal structure, especially the notch on the internal or con- cave border of the kidney. Hinckes-Bird Method. See Ventilation. Hind (hind) [ME., hindere, hinder]. Pertaining to the rear or posterior extremity. H.-brain, a division of the brain, developing from a funnel-shaped tube in the embryo to an anterior lobe that becomes the cerebel- lum, and a posterior lobe that becomes the medulla oblongata. H.-gut, that part of the embryonic intes- time from which the extreme aboral part of the large intestine is developed. See Apigaster. H.-head, the occiput. H.-limb, one of the posterior limbs of a quadruped. Hinge-joint (him/joint). See Diarthrosis. Hinoid (hin/-oid') [ig-(iv.), strength; eiðoç, form]. In biology, applied to leaves the veins of which are parallel and undivided and set at right angles to the midrib. Hip [ME., hipe, hip]. I. The upper part of the thigh at its junction with the buttocks. 2. The hip-joint. 3. The coxa or first joint of an insect’s leg. 4. To sprain the hip. 5. The fruit of the rose. Confection of hips, confectio rosae caninae. H.-bath. See Bath. H.-bone, the ischium. H.-girdle, the pelvic arch. H.-joint, the articulation of the femur with the haunch-bone or innominate bone. H.-joint Dis- ease, an arthritis of the hip-joint; an affection of early life, and according as it begins in the head of the femur, the acetabulum, or in the synovial mem- brane and proper structures of the joint, divided respectively into Aemoral, Acetabular, and Arthritic. Its etiology is obscure, its symptoms pain (coxalgia), In biology, H.’s Line. See Lines, See Muscles, Table of Swelling, and deformity. Coxalgia is incorrectly used as a synonym. Hipling (/i/-/ing)[ME., Aipe, hip]. hip-presentation of the fetus. Hippanthropy (hip-an/-thro-pe) [ittoc, horse; &v000- Tog, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which the patient believes that he is a horse. Hippiater (/ift-e-a/-ter) [itrog, a horse; tarpóç, a phy- sician]. A horse-doctor; a farrier. Hippiatric (ſhift-e-a/-ric) [ittoc, a horse; tarpáç, a physician]. Pertaining to veterinary surgery. Hippiatry (/i/ -i/-at-re) [itſtrog, horse; latpeta, medical art]. Veterinary medicine, in so far as it relates to the horse; farriery. Hippocamp (hip/-o-Aamp) [ittrog, horse; káutrog, a sea-monster]. The hippocampus major. In obstetrics, a 568 HIRCIN Hippocampal (hip-o-kam/-pal) [itſtrog, horse; kápºtoc, a sea-monster.] Relating to the hippocampus. Hippocampus (hip-o-Aam’-pus) [itTog, horse; kápºtoc, a sea-monster]. A name applied to two elevations, A. major and H. minor, the former situated in the in- ferior, and the latter in the posterior horn of the ventricles of the brain. When the name Hippocam- pus is used alone, the H. major is meant. Hippocoryza (hip-o-ko-r:/-zah). Synonym of Æquinia. Hippocras (hip/-o-Aras)[itTog, horse; Kpárog, strength]. An old-fashioned cordial or liquor, made of red wine, sweetened and flavored. Hippocrates' Bandage. See Bandage. Hippocratic (hip-o-Arat'-ić) [Hippocrates, a Greek physician of the fourth century]. Pertaining to Hip- pocrates. H. Expression, an anxious expression of the countenance, described as characteristic of peri- tonitis. H. Face. See Facies. H. Finger. See A. AWail. H. Nail, a peculiar curvation of the nails seen in pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung dis- eases. They are curved, longitudinally striated, over- lapping the finger like the beak of a parrot. The condition is also called Hippocratic Finger. H. Sound. See Succussion-sound. Hippocratism (hip-ok/-rat-izm) [Hippocrates, a Greek physician]. Hippocrates' doctrine of imitating nature in the treatment of disease. Hippocrepian (hip-o-Are/-pe-an) [ittoc, a horse; Kpfftric, a boot]. In biology, horse-shoe-shaped ; hippocrepi- form, as a certain deformity of the kidney. Hippocrepiform (hip-o-Krepſ-if-orm). See Hippocre- 262%. , Hºit, (hip/-o-lith) ſirtog, horse; Žíflog, stone]. A calculus or bezoar found in the stomach of the horse. Hippology (hip-o/-o-je) [itrog, horse; %yoç, knowl- edge]. The anatomy, pathology, etc., of the horse. Hippomane (hip-on/-an-e) [ittouavéc; it toº, horse; Alavía, madness; the ancients believed that horses were madly fond of a plant called by this name]. A genus of euphorbiaceous trees. H. mancinella and H. spinosa, the manchineal trees of tropical America, are extremely aerid and poisonous, even to the touch. They are used locally in medicine, especially in skin-diseases. Unof. - Hippomelanin (hip-o-me/-an-in) [ittoc, horse; ué%aç, black]. A pigment found in melanotic tumors in horses. Hippopathology (hip-o-path-ol/-o-je) Tábog, disease; %yog, science]. diseases of the horse. Hippophagy (hift-off’-a-je) [ittrog, horse; payeiv, to eat]. The eating of horse-flesh. Hipposteology (hip-os-de-o/-o-je) [ittoc, horse; boréov, bone; Wóyoç, science]. The science of osteology as applied to the horse. - Hippotomy (hift-of/-o-me) [TTog, horse; Topºff, a cut- ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the horse. Hippurate ſº...? [ittoc, horse; otpov, urine]. Any salt of hippuric acid, g. v. Hippuria (hip-w/-re-a/) [ittoc, horse; otpov, urine]. Excess of hippuric acid in the urine, e.g., after medi- cation with benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid (hip-u/-rić). See Acid. Hippuris (hip-u/-ris) [ittovolc, horse-tail]. I. A genus of halorageaceous aquatic herbs, common in all cool regions. H. vulgaris is astringent. Unof. 2. The cauda equina, 7. v. Hippus (hip/-us) [ittroc, horse, from analogy to the movement of this animal]. Spasmodic pupillary move- ment, independent of the action of light. Hircin (her/-sin). See Acid, Hircic. [ittrog, horse; The science of the HIRCINOUS Hircinous (her-si/-nus) [hircinus, of a goat]. In biology, having a goat-like odor. Hircismus (her-siz/-mus) [hircus, a goat]. The goat- like odor sometimes emitted by the human axilla. Hircus £3. [I., “goat’’]. The tragus. Hirschfeld's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of Hirsute (her-sut/) [hirsutus, rough, shaggy]. In bio- logy, thickly covered with rough, shaggy hair. Hirsuties (her-su/-te-ez) [hirsutus, shaggy]. Hyper- trichosis; hypertrichiasis; polytrichia; trichauxis; that condition in which the hairs of the body are in- creased in number or size, or grow in unusual situa- tions, or in normal situations in unusual length or number. H. gestationis, a growth of hair about the chin and lips in women in the course of pregnancy. Hirsutocinereous (her-su-to-sin-e'-re-us) [hirsutus, hairy; cinereous, ashy]. In biology, having a hairy coat of an ashy-gray color. Hirtellous (her-te/-us) [hirtus, hairy]. Minutely hir- sute; stiffly pubescent. Hirudiniculture (hi-ru/-din-e-kul-châr) [hirudo, leech; cultura, culture]. The artificial breeding and rearing of leeches. Hirudo (hi-ru/-do)[L. : pl., Hirudines]. The leech, q.v. His, Bursa of. A dilatation of the end of the archen- teron described by His in a human embryo. H.’s Granule-cell, a granular cell resembling a leuko- cyte, found in the ovarian stroma. H.’s Tissue, a synonym of Adenoid Tissue. Hispid (his/-pid) [Aispidus, bristly]. In biology, bristly. Beset with rigid, spreading hairs or minute Spines. - - Hispidulous (his-pid/-u-lus) [hispidus, hairy]. In botany, minutely hispid; having short, stiff hairs. Histioid (his/-te-oid). See Histoid. Histochemic (his-to-kem/-ić) [ioróg, tissue; 2 mueta, chemistry]. elating to histochemistry. Histochemistry (his-to-kem/-is-tre) [iatóg, tissue; ympleta, chemistry]. The chemistry of the histologic elements of the body. Histodialysis (his-to-di-a/-is-is) [iatóg, web : étáAvoic, a resolution]. The dissolution of organic tissue. Histogenesis (his-to-jen’-es-is) [to Tóg, web; Yévéotc, generation]. In biology, the process of formation of cells and cell-products. Histogenetic (his-to-fem-et/-ić) [igróg, web; yewvāv, to produce]. Relating to histogenesis. ' Histogeny (his-toj/-en-e). See Histogenesis. Histography (his-tog/-ra-ſe) [to Tóg, tissue; Ypáſpelv, to write]. A description or written account of the tissues. Histohematin (his-to-hem/-at-in) [lotóc, web; alua, blood]. I. A pigmentary extractive of the suprarenal bodies; it is found also in various other tissues in the lower animals. 2. One of a class of respiratory pig- ments; the intrinsic coloring-matters of the organs and tissues of invertebrates. The histohematins are of wide-spread occurrence in the tissues of both verte- brates and invertebrates. The best known is that found in muscles, viz., myohematin, g. v. Histoid (his/-toid) [lotóg, web; elóoc, likeness]. Per- taining to tissue derived from the mesoblast, as a his- toid tumor. See AVeoplasm. Histokinesis (his-to-kin-e'-sis) [lotóg, tissue; kivmouc, movement]. Movement that takes place in the minute structural elements of the body. Histologic, Histological (his-to-lo/-ić, his-to-ſoft'-ić-a/) [totóg, tissue; A6).oç, science]. Relating to histology. Histologist (his-to!’-o-jist)[iatóc, tissue; 26)0ç, science]. One who is expert in histology. Histology (his-to/-o-ſe) [foróg, tissue; 26)'oc, science]. The study of the intimate structure of tissues. 569 HOARSENESS Histolysis (his-to/-is-is) [igróg, tissue; Ziaug, dissolu- tion]. Disintegration and dissolution of organic tissue. Histolytic (his-to/-iº/-ić) [iaróg, tissue; Žíag, dissolu- tion]. Pertaining to histolysis. Histomorphology (his-to-morf-o/-o-je) [toróg, tissue; Hoppſ, form ; A6).og, science]. The morphology of the histologic elements of the body. Histon (his/-ton) [iatóg, tissue]. A proteid prepared from the nuclei of cells. It belongs to the group of proteids known as albumoses or propeptones. Histonomy (his-ton/-o-me) [ioróg, tissue; vópoc, a law]. The laws of the development and arrangement of or- ganic tissue. Histopathology (his-to-path-o/-o-je) [iatóc, tissue; Táffog, disease; %yoc, science]. The study of minute pathologic changes or states. Histophysiology (his-to-fiz-e-o/-o-je) [to Tóg, web, tis- sue; púatc, nature; 7.6).og, science]. The science of the functions of the various tissues. History (his/-tor-e) [iotopia, a learning by inquiry]. A narrative ; story. H., Biologic, the life-story of any animal. H., Medical, the account obtained from a patient as to his health, past and present, and the symptoms of his disease. Histotome (his/-to-tam) [ioróg, tissue; Touác, cutting]. A microtome or other apparatus for cutting tissue for the study of its minute structure. Histotomy (his-to?/-o-me) [ioróg tissue; tāuvetv, to cut]. The dissection of any organic tissue. Histotripsy (his-to-trip/-se) [iaráç, web ; Tptºpac, a crushing]. The crushing of tissues by an ecraseur. Histotromy (his-toº-ro-me) [iaróg, tissue; Tpóplog, tre- mor]. Fibrillary contraction. Histotrophic (his-to-tróſ/-ä) [foróg, tissue; Tpopff, nourishment]. Concerning the nutrition of the tissues. Histozyme (his/-to-zim) [to Tóc, tissue; Cium, leaven]. A ferment found by Schmiedeberg in the kidneys of pigs, and concerned in splitting up hippuric acid. Histrionic (his-tre-on/-ić) [histrio, an actor]. Dram- atic. H. Mania, insanity with affectation and lofty manner. H. Muscles, the expressional muscles of the face. H. Spasm, spasm of the histrionic mus- cles. Histrionism (his/-tre-on-izm) [histrio, a player]. Dramatic action in insanity or in hysteria. Hitooch (hit-oosh/). See Hitouch. Hitouch %. ) [Heb.]. Hitooch; the first step in the Jewish rite of circumcision. It consists in cut- ting off the prepuce. Hives (hiva) [origin uncertain]. A name loosely ap- plied to almost any papular eruption of the skin. In Great Britain, the term is applied to crotº/, /a/ 17-gitis, and to chicken-pox, in the United States it is limited to a transitory form of zerºicaria, g. v. Hive-syrup. See Scilla and Antimonium. Hoang-nan, or Hwang-nao (/wang-now') [Chinese]. A Chinese preparation obtained from the bark of Strychnos gaultheriana. Its properties are due to a small percentage of strychnin. It is recommended as an alterative in syphilis, leprosy, and similar diseases, and is an alleged preventive of hydrophobia if given in large doses (gr. xv) during the period of incubation. Dose of the powdered drug gr. iij-v ; of the aceto-al- coholic extract gr. 93–94; of the tinct. muj-v. Hoar (hor)|[ME., hore, hoar]. Gray; old. Hoarhound (hor/-hownd). See Marrubium. Hoariness (hor’-e-nes). See Canities. Hoarse (hors) [ME., hoors, harsh]. discordant; applied to the voice. Hoarseness (hors/-mes) [ME., hoorsmesse, hoarseness]. Harshness of the voice depending on some abnormal condition of the larynx or throat. Harsh; grating; HOB-NAIL LIVER Hob-nail Liver, or Hob-nailed Liver. A liver covered with small bosselations like the heads of hob-nails; it is the result of cirrhosis, or of an old and persistent hyperemia. It is called also Gin-drinkers' Ziver. Hobokenius, Valves of. Crescentic or ring-like ridges on the inner surface of the umbilical vessels, produc- ing constrictions upon their outer surface. Hock (hok) [Ger., Hochheimer]. White Hochheimer wine; any German white wine. - Hock, Hough (hok) [ME., houz, heel]. The joint on the hind-leg of a quadruped between the knee and the fetlock, corresponding to the ankle-joint in man. In man, the back part of the knee-joint; the ham. Hodgen’s Apparatus. A modification of Smith’s anterior splint. Hodgkin's Disease. eases, Table of - Hodgson's Dilatation, or Disease. Dilatation of the aorta. It commences with inflammatory and sub-inflammatory changes in the tissues, going on to extreme degeneration, with dilatation of the first part of the aorta. There is sometimes involvement of the aortic valves, with hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart. See Diseases, Zable of Hoe (ho) [ME., howe, a hoe]. A scraping-instrument used in operations for cleft-palate, or in dentistry. Hoffmann’s Anodyne. See Ether. H.’s Violet. Same as Dah/ia. H.’s Method. See Z}^eatment, Methods of Hofmeier's Method. A method of expression of the fetal head. It is carried out by pressure on the head alone, by directly pressing from without upon the oc- ciput and the face from both sides. Hofmeister’s Method. A method of removing pro- teids from a liquid. To the liquid, rendered faintly acid and heated to boiling, add a solution of ferric acetate, made by saturating acetic acid with recently precipitated ferric hydrate. After boiling for a few minutes and filtering, a solution is obtained which contains neither proteids nor iron. This method does not precipitate peptones. Hog [ME., hog, a gelded hog). I. A gelded pig; a barrow-pig. 2. A glutton. H.-cholera, a specific, highly contagious fever of swine, attended with in- flammation of the lungs, stomach, intestines, and other organs, usually diarrhea, frequently cough, and extravasations of blood in the skin and mucous mem- branes. It is called also Pneumoenteritis. See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, under Bacteria, Table of H.-gum, a name for various West Indian resins. See Gum. H.’s Potato. See Camass. H.-weed. See Ambrosia. Hohl's Method. A method of preserving the peri- neum in labor. It consists in applying resistance to the presenting part, the thumb being applied anteriorly to the occiput and the index and middle fingers pos- teriorly upon that portion of the head lying nearest the commissure. Holagogue (/o/-ag-og) [6%0ç, whole; āyoyoc, leading]. A medicine or remedy that expels or drives out the whole of a morbid substance. A radical remedy. Holarrhena (/o/-ar-e/-na/). See Wrightia. Holcodont (ho/-Ao-dont) [6%kóc, a furrow; 6000c (bóóvT), tooth]. In biology, applied to teeth planted in a continuous groove. - - Holden's Line. See Limes, Table, of Holder (hø//-er) [ME., holdere, a holder]. A device for holding instruments, sponges, etc., in surgical op- Cratl OnS. Holder’s Plane. See Plane. Hold-fast (hø/d/ſast). A “lumpy-jaw'” tumor. See Actinomycosis. 570 See Zymphadenoma and Dis- HOLOTETANUS Hollands (hol/-ands). See Gin. Hollek (hol/-ek). Same as Hollyhock. Hollow-foot (hol/-o-foot). See Cavus. Holly (hol/-e). See Ilex. . Hollyhock (hol/-e-hok) [AS., holihoc, hollyhock]. A name given to the Althea rosea and other species of A/thea. See Althea. Holmgren’s Test. The worsted test for color-blind- ness. One of the worsteds is placed before the per- son to be tested, and he is asked to match it as nearly as possible. Holo- (hol/-o-) [6%0g, entire]. entirety. Holoblast (hol’-o-blast) [6%og, whole; 8%aoróg, germ]. In biology, an ovum that undergoes complete seg- mentation while germinating. Holoblastic (hol-o-blas/-tić) [6%0ç, whole; 8%agróg, germ]. In biology, applied to eggs in which the entire yolk is included in the process of segmentation; one in which there is no separate food-yolk. Hologastrula (hol-o-gas/-tru-lah) [6%0ç, whole; yao Tàp, stomach; pl., Hologastrulae]. In biology, the gas- trula resulting from the development of a holoblastic OVUlın. Holometabolian (hol-o-met-ab-o'-le-an). Same as Holo- metabolic. Holometabolic (hol-o-met-aē-o/-ä) [6%0c, whole; pleTagóżog, changeable]. In biology, applied to ani- mals that undergo complete metamorphosis or trans- formation, as insects. . Holonarcosis (hol-o-mar-Āo/-sis) [6%0ç, vápkoolç, stupor]. Complete narcosis. / Holopathy (hol-op/-ath-e) [6%0ç, entire; Tá00g, disease]. I. A general or constitutional disease of which a local disorder is but a manifestation. 2. The theory that local diseases are manifestations of a general disorder. Holophanerous (hol-o-fan/-er-us) [6%0ç, whole; pavepég, visible]. In biology, discernible through- out, as the transformation of insects. - Holophytic (hol-o-fit/-īk) [6%og, whole; purów, plant]. In biology, applied to certain protozoa and other animals that, in their mode of nutrition, closely resemble plants. ' . - Holoplexia (hol-o-p/e/s/-e-ah) [3%0ç, whole; tāſīšug, a stroke]. Complete or general paralysis. Holopneustic (hol-op-nu/-stik)[6%0ç, whole; Twevotikóg, Tveiv, to breathe]. In biology, applied to such in- sect larvae as possess many pairs of open Stigmata, as distinguished from those having no open stigmata, apneustic larvae. Holorhinal (hol-o-ri’-mal) [6%og, whole; bic, the nose]. In biology, applied to the Gallinae and other birds having the anterior margin of the nasal bone con- cave, with two cornua directed forward, the processes being continuous behind with the body of the bone and with one another. Holoschisis (hol-os/-Ais-is) [6%0ç, whole; oxiotç, cleavage]. Amitotic or indirect cell-division ; ami- tosis. - Holosericeous (hol-o-ser-is/-e-us) [6%0ç, whole; ompticóg, of silk]. In biology, covered with very minute silky hairs. * Holosteous (hol-os/-te-us) [6%0¢, whole; botéov, a bone]. In biology, having a completely bony skeleton. Holostomatous (hol-o-sto/-mat-us) [6%0ç, whole; otóga, mouth]. In biology, having the mouth entire, neither notched nor with parts missing. Holostomous (hol-os/-to-mus). foºds. Holotetanus (hol-o-tet/-am-us) [6%0¢, whole; TôTavog, tetanus]. General tetanus; called also Holotonia. A prefix signifying complete; Same as Aſolostoma- HOLOTHECAL 571 Holothecal (hol-o-the-kal) [6%0ç, whole; 6%km, case]. In biology, booted; applied to birds in which the tar- sal envelop is entire. - Holotomy (hol-of/-o-me) [6%0ç, whole ; tāuvetv, to cut]. Complete surgical excision of a part or organ. Holotonia, or Holotony (hol-o-to/-me-ah, hol-of/-o-me) [óżog, entire; Teived, to stretch]. Same as Holotet- (Z722/S. Holotonic (hol-o-ton/-ić) [6%0ç, entire; stretch]. tetvetv, to Relating to, or characterized by, holotet- a.I.) V. Holozoic (hol-o-zo/-i}) [6%0g, whole; Cºov, an animal]. In biology, entirely resembling animals in mode of nutrition. Holthouse, Hernia of. See Aermia. Holting (hâlt/-ing) [after Holt, the inventor of the method]. The divulsion of an urethral stricture by Holt’s dilator. - Holtz Machine. A particular form of electro-static induction-machine. . Homalocephalus (hom-al-o-sef’-al-us) [ćplažóç, flat; kepaññ, the head]. Lissauer's term for “flat- headed.” Homalocoryphus (hom-al-o-kor/-ij-us) [6/lažóg, flat; Kopvpff, the head]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed by two lines drawn from the bregma and the occipital point to the highest point above is between 132° and 142°. Homalogonatous (hom-al-o-gon/-at-us) [Öplažóg, even, level; Yövv, knee]. In biology, applied to such birds as possess an accessory femoro-caudal muscle and a tufted oil-gland and cocca ; the opposite of Anoma- logomatous, in which this combination is never found. Homalographic (hom-al-o-graf’-ić) [óuażóg, same; Ypápetv, to write]. Pertaining to homolography. H. Method, a method of showing the structure of the body by means of plane sections of a frozen body. Homalography (hom-al-og/-ra-ſe) [Öuakóg, level; ypápetv, to record]. Anatomy by sections; the repre- sentation of structure by means of sketches of various sections. - Homalometopus (hom-al-o-met-o/-pus) [6plažóg, flat; pétoirov, the space between the eyes]. Lissauer’s term for a skull having a frontal angle between I30.5° and I4I*. Homalopisthocranius (hom -a/- 0-pis-tho-Ara/-me-us) [öuażóg, flat; 67ttoffev, behind; Kpaviov, the skull]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed by lines joining the external occipital protuberance and the occipital point with the highest point of the skull is between I40° and 154°. Homalosternal (hom-al-o-ster’-nal) [6pañóc, even, level; otépwov, sternum.J. In biology, having a raft- like or keelless sternum ; ratite, as certain birds. Homaluranus (hom-al-u-ra/-nus) [Öplažóg, flat; otpá, a tail]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed by lines joining the occipital point and the bregma with the highest point of the skull is betwen I47.5° and I63.5°. Homatropin (hom-at-ro-pin). See Atropin. Homeo- (ho'-me-o-) [6Motoc, like]. A prefix signifying like or similar. Homeobiophorid (ho-me-o-bi-off’-or-id) [6uotoc, like; 8íoç, life; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, Weismann's name for the lowest and most primitive undifferentiated organism conceivable, having the form of a single biophore, or of a number of similar biophores, in which multiplication and transmission would occur together, no special apparatus being required for the latter pro- cess, as a reproduction by binary fission must result in two corresponding halves, each containing similar biophores, and each of which, simply by the multipli- HOMICIDE cation of its units, is able to give rise to a compact organism like the parent. Cf. Heterobiophorid. Homeochronous (ho-me-o/-ro-nus) [Ógotoc, like, simi- lar; 2póvog, time]. In biology, true ontogenetic sequence; appearance in proper order in time; applied to animals, organs, or hereditary traits. H. Heredity, pertaining to the appearance of an organ, trait, ten- dency or function, whether psychologic, physiologic, or pathologic, at a similar time of life in a series of descendants. Homeodont (ho'-me-o-dont) [6polog, like; 66óvç, tooth]. In biology, applied to teeth that are simple cones. Homeokinesis (ho-me-o-Ain-e'-sis) [ouotoc, like; kiveiv, to move]. In biology, Weismann’s term for that kind of nuclear division in which the two daughter-nuclei contain similar idioplasm; i. e. nuclear division de- pending upon a perfectly uniform distribution of the primary constituent and resulting in parts containing similar hereditary tendencies. Cf. Heterokinesis. Homeomerous (ho-me-om/-er-us) [60otoc, like ; uépoc, part]. In biology, having given organs or parts dis- tributed uniformly throughout. - Homeomorphous (ho-me-o-mor/ſus) [Ouotoc, like; poppſ, form]. Like or similar in form and structure. Homeopathic (ho-ºne-o-path/-ī4) [Ögotog, like; Tábog, feeling]. Relating to homeopathy. Homeopathist (ho-me-op/-ath-ist) [6potoc, like; Táffog, feeling]. A practitioner of homeopathy. Homeopathy (ho-me-op/-ath-e) [6potog, like ; Tábog, ailment or disease]. A system of treatment of dis- ease by the use of agents that, administered in health, “would produce symptoms similar to those morbid conditions for the relief of which the agent or medi- cine is given.” The hypothesis expressed by the adage, “similia similibus curantur.” See Regular and Allopathy. Homeoplasia (ho-me-o-pla/-ze-ah) [6Motoc, like ; Tââooetv, to shapel. The growth of tissue resem- bling the normal tissue, or matrix, in its form and properties; also the tissue so formed. Homeoplastic (ho-me-o-plas/-tić) [öuotog, like; Tržáooeuv, to form]. Pertaining to a neoplasm re- sembling its matrix-tissue in texture. One differing widely in this respect is heteroplastic. If separated in position, it is said to be heterotopic ; in date, heterochronic. Homeoplasty (ho'-me-o-plas-fe). See Homeoplasia. Homeosis, or Homoiosis (ho-me-o/-sis, or ho-moi-o'- sis) [Öuotogic; 6polog, like]. The assimilation of nutrient material. Homeo-therapeutics (ho-me-o-ther-ap-u/-tiés) [äuotoc, like; flepattewelv, to serve]. The homeopathic doc- trine of therapeutics. Homeothermal, or Homoiothermal (ho-me-o-ther/- mal, ho-moi-o-ther’-mal) [Öpiotog, like ; dépum, heat]. Pertaining to animals that are “warm-blooded,’’ or that maintain a uniform temperature despite variations in the surrounding temperature. Homeozoic (ho-me-o-zo/-ić) [öuotog, the same, similar; Çoff, life]. In biology, applied to geographic areas, zones, or belts, having similar forms of life. Homesickness (høm/-sik-nes). Nostalgia. An urgent desire to return to one’s home. It may be accom- panied by a morbid sluggishness of the functions of the various organs of the body, and may develop into profound melancholy. Homicidal (hom-is-i/-da!) [homo, a man; cardere, to kill]. Pertaining to homicide. H. Mania, insanity characterized by murderous impulses. Homicide (hom/-is-id') [homo, a man ; cardere, to kill]. The killing of a human being without malice or in- tent, as distinguished from murder or manslaughter. HOMICULTURE 57 Also, the taking of human life in general by another. Also, one who takes the life of another. Homiculture (ho'-mić-ul-chur) [homo, man; cultura, culture]. The proposed improvement of the human species by attention to the laws of breeding; stirpi- culture. - Hominisection (ho-min-is-ek'-shun) [homo, hominis, man; sectio, a cutting]. Dissection of the human body; anthropotomy. - Homo (ho'-mo) [L.]. order Bimzana. Homoblastic (ho-mo-blas/-tié) [Ögög, the same; 3%aoróg, a bud, germ]. In biology, derived from like germs or cells. Man. The sole genus of the Homocarpous (ho-mo-kar/-pus) [Ögöc, the same; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, bearing fruits all of one kind. Homocentric (ho-mo-sen/-trik) [Ögöc, same; kévrpov, center]. Concentric. Having the same center. H. Rays, a pencil of light-rays either come-shaped or rod-shaped. Homocerc (ho'-mo-serk) [Ögöc, the same; képkoç, the tail]. Same as Homocercal. Homocercal (ho-mo-ser/-Aal) [6969, the same; képkoç, the tail]. In biology, applied to fishes in which the caudal fin-rays are so disposed as to give the tail an appearance of symmetry with respect to the axis of the body. - Homocerebrin (ho-mo-ser/-e-brin) [äuóg, like; cere- Örum, cerebrum.]. A substance derivable from brain- tissue, closely resembling cerebrin, but more soluble in alcohol. Homochromous (ho-mo-Aro/-mus) [6uóç, the same; Apºpla, color]. In biology, all of one color, as the florets in a flower-head, or an entire organism. Homocinchonidin (ho-mo-sin-Åon/-id-in) [6,66, the same ; cinchona), CIgEI, N,0,. An alkaloid derived from South American A'ed-baré, one of the Cin- chorzas. Homodermic (ho-mo-der/-mié) [Öuóg, the same; Öépua, the skin]. In biology, of similar blastodermic origin; applied to tissues or organs. Homodesmotic (ho-mo-des-mot/-ić) [öuóg, like; jeopac, bond]... Connecting centers of equal importance (as a nerve-fiber). - Homodont (ho'-mo-dònt) [Öuóg, the same; tooth]. Out. Homodromous (Ao-mod’-ro-mus) [6/16c, the same; 6póuoc, a coursel. In biology, applied to plants in which the spiral arrangement of the leaves on the stem and branches is alike throughout. Homodynamy (ho-mo-di/-nam-e) [6,66, the same; 60/autſ, power]. In biology, serial homology; ap- plied to homologous parts (somites or metameres) arranged along the long axis of the body. Homoeo- (/o/-me-o-). For words thus beginning, see Aſomeo-. Homogamous (ho-mog/-am-us) [Öuóg, the same ; yáuog, marriage]. In biology, having all the florets of the inflorescence alike in sex. Homogamy (/o-mog/-am-e) [Öuóg, same; Yáuoç, mar- riage]. I. Romanes' term for that method of evolu- tion by physiologic selection of those varieties, the in- dividuals of which are fertile among themselves, but less fertile or sterile with other varieties and with the parent-stock. It is called also Segregate Fecundity by Gulick. See Avolution. 2. In biology, applied to hermaphrodite flowers that mature their stigmas and anthers at the same time. Homogen (ho'-mo-ſen) [6/169, the same ; yévog, race]. In biology: I. Derived from the same or similar ööövg, In biology, having the teeth alike through- 2 HOMOLOGOUS parents; having a common ancestor. 2. One of two organs or organisms having a common ancestor or an- cestral part. H., Ancestral, i. e., homogenetic homo- logues that do not arise similarly, though probably descended from common ancestral parts, e.g., the legs of flies of diverse development. H., Developmen- tal, i. e., homogenetic homologues that arise similarly, whether descending from the same ancestral part or not, e.g., Some of the cranial bones of a Teleostean and of a mammal. Homogeneity (ho-mo-jen-e'-it-e) [Öuóg, like; yévog, a kind]. The condition of being homogeneous. Homogeneous (ho-mo-ſe/-me-us) [äuóg, like; yévoc, kind]. Having the same nature or qualities. Sim- ilar or identical in structure. H. Immersion. See Immersion. H. Triplets. See Homogeneous Twins. H. Twins, in embryology, when the cleavage-force is exerted to its fullest effect, the entire embryonal trace is completely divided; each resulting part may be capable of independent development, whereby two fetuses are produced remarkable for their great simi- larity; such offspring are known as homogeneous twins. They are always of the same sex and possess almost perfect identity of physical characteristics. So also may a secondary fission of one of the halves take place, as an extremely rare occurrence, homogeneous triplets resulting from such twofold division of the original area. Such fetuses usually lie within a single chorion, enclosed by a separate or a common amni- otic sac, the increased pressure arising from the unusual contents of the limited uterine cavity favoring absorption and disappearance of the amniotic parti- tions. Homogenesis (ho-mo-jen/-es-is) [6,66, like; Yevvāv, to beget]. Univocal generation; reproduction in which a living parent gives rise to offspring that pass through the same cycle of changes as itself. Homogenization (ho-mo-jen-iz-a/-shun) [6/16c, the same; yewvāv, to produce]. The act or process of rendering or of becoming homogeneous; reduction to a common standard; the process of rendering the objects of microscopic study transparent and fixed. Homogenous (ho-moj’-en-us) [Öuóg, the same; yévog, race]. In biology, applied to structures that are genetically related, in so far as they have a single representation in a common ancestor. Homogentisic Acid (hom-o-jen-tiz/-i}). See Acid. Homogeny (ho-moj/-en-e) [äuoyevåg, of the same race or family]. In biology, an agreement among organisms depending on the inheritance of a common part or having a common ancestor. See Homogenesis. Homogonous (ho-mog/-on-us) [Öuóg, similar ; Yövoc, offspring]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils alike in all the flowers of the species; homostyled. Cf. Heterogomous. Homoio- (ho'-moi-o-). A/omzeo-. Homoiosis (ho-moi-o/-sis). See Homeosis. Homologize (ho-mo/-o-jiz) [öuóg, the same; Aéyetv, to speak]. In biology: I. To recognize as homologous; 2. To exhibit homology; to correspond in structure. Homologous (ho-mo/-o-gus) [óſtóg, the same ; Aéyetv, to speak]. In biology, corresponding in structure, either directly or as referred to a fundamental type. In chemistry, being of the same chemic type or series; differing by a multiple or an arithmetic ratio in certain constituents, while the physical qualities are analogous, with small differences, as if corresponding to a series of parallels. H. Tissues, those identical in type of structure. H. Tumor, a name given by Virchow to a tumor consisting of tissue identical with that of the organ whence it springs. For words thus beginning, see HOMOLOGUE Homologue (hom/-o-log) [Öuóg, same; Aóyog, propor- tion]. An homologous organ common to any number of species, classes, or orders of animals; that which has the same relative structure, position, or develop- ment as another. The same organ in different organ- isms under every variety of form and function. We may have: I. Homogenetic Homologues, i. e., parts which, on the evolutionary theory, have a genetic rela- tion, e.g., the humerus of a horse and that of an ox. 2. Homoplastic Homologues, i. e., parts closely similar as to relative position, but with no genetic af. finity, or only a remote one, e.g., the ventricle of a bat and that of a bird. 3. Homogenetic Serial Homo- logues, i. e., different parts of one individual, the correspondence between which is to be accounted for by the influence of external conditions (the “superin- duced segmentation ” of Mr. Herbert Spencer), e.g., the fore-limbs and hind-limbs of one side of any animal. 4. Vertical Homologues, i. e., different correspond- ing parts of one individual, of which one part is dorsal, the other ventral, e.g., dorsal and anal fins of certain fishes. 5. Lateral Homologues, i. e., different cor- responding parts of one individual, of which one part is right and the other left, e.g., the right and left arms of a man. 6. Antero-posterior Homologues, i. e., different corresponding parts of one individual, of which one part is anterior, the other posterior, e.g., the mouth and the cloaca. 7. Radial Homologues, i. e., different corresponding parts of one individual which radiate from a central axis, e.g., any two arms on the same starfish. 8. Homotrophic Homologues, i. e., parts of an individual, the correspondences be- tween which are regarded as due to internal modifying influences, e. g., the eyes and the ears. 9. Actinol- ogous Homologues, i. e., successive subdivisions, parts, or regions of a part or segmented organ, e.g., two successive joints of an antenna of a lobster, or the vertebral and sternal parts of the same costal ele- ment. Io. Special Homologues, i. e., parts of two organisms belonging to the same special skeletal cate- gory, e.g., the basi-occipital of man and the cod. II. General Homologues, i. e., parts of two organisms belonging to the same general skeletal category, e.g., the vertebral center of man and that of the cod, or the lateral appendages of the lobster and those of the scor- pion. (Mivart.) Homology (ho-mo/-o-je) [Öuóg, same; A6).og, proportion]. The quality of being homologous; also, the morpho- logic identity of parts or organs in different animals. In biology, a term introduced by R. Owen to indicate a close resemblance between parts, depending upon relations of relative position. (Mivart.) Homomalous (ho-mom/-al-us) [6plažog, even, level, equal]. In biology, applied to parts or organs that are all turned to one side. Homomorphism (ho-mo-mor/ºftzm) [óuóg, the same; popºff, form]. In biology, superficial resemblance, without true homology; mimicry or adaptive resem- blance. Homomorphous (ho-mo-mor/ºftes) [Öuóg, the same; popºff, form]. In biology, exhibiting superficial resemblance, but not truly homologous. Homonomous (ho-mon/-o-mus) [Öuóc, same ; vöuoç, law]. Governed by or under the same law. Homonym (hom/-o-mim) [ógóo, same; ovvua, name]. That which is homonymous. Homonymous (ho-mon/-im-us) [Öuóg, same; Śvvua, a name]. I. A term applied to names that have the same sound or pronounciation, but different meanings. 2. Coming under the same general designation (thus the two external recti muscles are homony- mous); occurring on or within the same lateral half 573 HOMOTHERMOUS of the body; not heteronomous. H. Diplopia, occurs when the image seen by the right eye seems to be on the right side and that seen by the left eye seems to be on the left side. H. Hemianopia, occurs when all points in the visual field of each eye lying to the right (Right H. H.) or to the left (Left H. H.) of the fixation-point are not seen. Homophthalic Acid (hom-off-ſha/-ä4). See Acid. Homophthalimid (hom-off-tha/-im-id) [6/16ſ, same; ôºffa/pºog, eye; imid], CoH1NO2. A substance produced when the ammonium salt of homophthalic acid is heated. It crystallizes in minute needles, melting at 233° C. - Homophyadic (ho-mo-ft-ad/-īA) [Öuóg, the same; püeoffat, to grow]. In biology, having but one kind of stem, as distinguished from heterophyadic. Homophyly (ho-moff’-iſ-e) [óſtóg, the same ; ºv2%, race]. In biology, correspondence in genetic rela- tionships. Homoplasis (ho-mo-pla/-sis) [6/1óg, the same; Thäolg, formed]. In biology, Lankester's term for structural agreement or modification resulting from the action of identical or nearly similar forces or environments on two or more parts of an organism, or on two organisms, which parts are exactly or nearly alike, or perhaps homogenetic. The same as the “superinduced seg- mentation ” of Spencer. Homoplasmic (ho-mo-plaz/-ºnik). A lastic. Homoplasmy (ho'-mo-plaz-me) [óuóg, the same ; tržáopia, a thing moulded]. In biology, homoplastic or homomorphic, i. e., showing mimetic resemblances. Homoplast (/o/-mo-plast) [äuóg, the same ; TAao Tóg, formed, moulded]. In biology; I. One of any aggregate or fusion of plastids. 2. An organ or part showing mere superficial or mimetic resemblance to another. Homoplastic (ho-mo-plas/-tié) [Ögóg, the same; Thaotóg, formed]. In biology, showing close agreement, de- pendent upon the common action of evoking causes or moulding environment upon homogeneous parts, or on parts that, for other reasons, offer a likeness of material to begin with. (Lankester.) Homoplasy (ho'-mo-plaz-e) [61óg, the same; T26oug, a forming, moulding]. In biology, agreement in the form, structure, and perhaps function, of organs or parts in the same or separate organisms, dependent upon evoking causes other than genetic affinity. Homopterous (ho-mop/-ter-us) [6p16c, the same; TTepóv, wing, feather]. In biology, applied to insects having wings of the same texture throughout. Homorgan (høm/-or-gam) [Ögög, the same ; Śpyavov, organ]. In biology, an organ resembling another; a homoplast. Homosexual (ho-mo-seks/-tt-a!) [ógóg, same ; sexus, sex]. Pertaining to the same sex. Homosexuality (ho-mo-seks-u-a/-it-e) [Ögög, same; sexualis, of a sex]. That form of sexual perversion, acquired or congenital, in which the individual con- ceives a violent sexual passion for one of the same sex, and gratifies it either by Sodomy, by titillation, or platonically. Homosporous (ho-mosſ-for-us) [Öſtóg, similar; otópog, seed]. In biology, producing but one kind of spores; Isosporous. Homostyled (ho'-mo-stild) [6]uág, the same ; pillar]. See Homogomous. Homothermic (ho-mo-ther/-mik) [Öuóg, same; 6&pum, heat]. Having uniformity of temperature or bodily heat. Homothermous (ho-mo-ther’-mus) [Öuóg, the same; 6éppim, heat]. In biology, applied to animals showing the same degree of bodily heat. Same as Homo- otü%og, HOMOTONIC Homotonic (ho-mo-ton/-ić) [61óg, same; tāvoc, tone, tension]. Having a uniform or even course; ap- plied to diseases. Homotopia (ho-mo-to/-pe-ah). See Homotopy. Homotopy (ho-mot/-o-pe) [Ögög, the same; Tôtrog, place]. In biology, the usual or normal mode of acceleration or change of parts during growth, characterized by the exact or modified repetition or multiplication of cells or segments already present; also called repetition. Autonym of Heterotopy. Homotropal (ho-mot/-ro-pal). Same as Homotropous. Homotrophe (ho'-mo-tróſ) [Öuóg, the same; Tpopff, nourishment]. In biology, one of two or more homologous parts or organs the structural correspond- ences of which are due to corresponding internal, modifying conditions, rather than to external environ- ment. I. Serial Homotrophes, i. e., homotrophic homologues, the correspondence between which is antero-posterior, e.g., an extra thumb and an extra great toe on the same side of the body. 2. Ver- tical Homotrophes, i. e., homotrophic homologues that correspond vertically. 3. Lateral Homo- trophes, i. e., homotrophic homologues of the two sides of one individual, e.g., the right and left eyes. 4. Antero-posterior Homotrophes, i. e., homo- trophic homologues that correspond antero-posteriorly. (St. Geo. Mivart.) Homotrophic (ho-mo-troſ’-ić) [óuóg, the same; Tpopff, nourishment]. In biology, exhibiting homotrophy. Homotrophic Homologues, i. e., parts of an individual, the correspondences between which are regarded as due to internal modifying influences, e.g., the eyes and the ears. Homotrophy (ho-mo/-ro-ſe) [6,62, the same ; Tpopff, nourishment]. In biology, correlations of growth; homoplasy due to internal conditions rather than ex- ternal environment. Homotropous (ho-mot/-ro-pus) [Ögög, the same; TpóTog, turn]. In botany, said of the embryo when curved the same as the seed containing it. Homotype (ho'-mo-tip) [öuóg, same; TüToç, a pattern]. A part corresponding and similar to another part, as the humerus to the femur, a serial homologue, or an antitype. Homotypic (ho-mo-tip/-īk) [Öpióg, the same ; tātrog, type]. In biology, showing serial correspondence or bilateral symmetry. Homotypical (ho-mo-tip/-i}-a/). Same as Homotypic, Homotypy (ho'-mo-ti-pe) [Öuotvtia, sameness of form]. In biology, serial or bilateral homology. Homunculus (ho-mun'-Au-ſus) [L., dim. of homo, man]. The fetus; a dwarf. Honduras Bark (hon-du/-ras baré). amazga. Honey (hum’-e) [ME., homy, honey]. See Me!. H.- berry. See Celtis. H.-comb, the waxy structure formed by bees as a repository for the honey that they produce. H.-comb Glands. See Gland. H.- comb Ringworm. See Favus. H.-cyst. See Me/iceris. H.-dew, a glutinous liquid exuded by aphides, and frequently to be noticed covering the leaves of the bass-wood, sycamore, oak, maple, plum, apple, box, currant, etc. Its taste is mawkish, its odor unpleasant, and its color often as dark as molas- ses, especially that found in the oak and sycamore. H.-stone. See ZMe/litic Acid. * Honorarium (on-or-a/-re-um) [L.]. A professional fee; especially one that is in theory a gift, no formal professional charge having been made. Hoof (hoof) [ME., hoof, a hoof]. The casing of hard, horny substance that sheathes the ends of the digits or incases the foot in many animals. H.-bound, in far- See Cascara 574 HORIZONTAL riery, having a dryness and contraction of the hoof, resulting in pain and lameness. This condition is also called Contracted Heels. Hook [ME., hok, a hook]. A curved instrument. See Alamus. H., Blunt, an instrument described by its name, for exercising traction upon the fetus in an ar- rested breech-presentation. H., Tyrrel’s, a blunt, slender hook for operations upon the eye. Hooke's Law. See Law. - Hooper's Pill. A pill containing aloes, crystallized sulphate of iron, extract of hellebore, myrrh, Soap, Canella, and ginger. r Hooping-cough (hoop/-ing-kawf). See Pertussis. Hoose (hooz) [ME., hose, hoarse]. Sheep-cough. A disease of sheep, lambs, etc., due to the presence of Strongylus ſilaria, a nematode worm, in the lungs and air-passages (see under Parasites, Animal), and characterized by a husky cough, anorexia, dry muzzle, constipation, and dyspnea. Hoove, Hooven (hoov, hooz/-en) [dial., hooven]. Dis- tention of the stomach of a ruminant animal with gas, caused by the fermentation of food. It is gen- erally due to eating too much green food. Hop. See Humulus. Hope's Camphor-mixture. A mixture containing nitric acid, camphor-water, and tincture of opium. It is used in the treatment of serous or choleraic diarrheas. Hopea (ho-pe/-ah) [after John Hope, a Scotch botanist]. A genus of dipterocarpaceous trees of S. Asia. Several species afford resins known in commerce as AXamamzar. Unof. Hopein (hø-pe/-īn). See Humulus. Hoppe-Seyler's Method. A method of preparing hemoglobin crystals. Mix defibrinated blood with ten volumes of a 20 per cent. Salt-solution, and allow it to stand for two days. Remove the clear upper fluid with a pipet, wash the thick deposit of blood-cor- puscles with water, and shake it for a long time with an equal volume of ether, which dissolves the blood- corpuscles. Remove the ether, filter the lake-colored blood, add to it one-fourth of its volume of cold alcohol (o°C.) and allow the mixture to stand in the cold for several days. The crystals can be collected on a filter and pressed between folds of bibulous paper. Hordeiform (hor-deſ-if-orm) [hordeum, barley; forma, form]. Shaped like a grain of barley. Hordein (hor/-de-in) [hordeum, barley]. A mixture of a proteid with starch-cellulose ; it exists in barley- starch, but is not soluble. - Hordeolum (hor-deſ-o-lum) [hordeum, a grain of bar- ley]. A stye ; a furuncular inflammation of the connective tissue of the lids, near a hair-follicle. H., External, A. Zeissianum ; one produced by sup- puration of one of Zeiss's glands. H., Internal, H. meibomianum, one produced by suppuration of one of the Meibomian glands. H. meibomianum. See A., Internal. H. Zeissianum. See H., AExternal. Hordeum (hor/-de-um) [L.]. Barley, g. v. H. decorticatum, barley deprived of its husk; com- monly called žearl barley. H. germinatum, malt. Also, one of several granular elevations described by Spitzka on the floor of the fourth ventricle. Horehound (hor/-hownd). See Marrubium. Horizon (hor-i/-zon) [Öptſov, horizon]. I. The line sep- arating the visible from the invisible part of the earth from a single point of view. 2. In craniometry, a line that extends around the skull, touching the lower border of the orbital cavities and passing through the auricular points. Horizontal (hor-iz-on/-tal) [60tſov, the horizon]. Par- allel to the horizon. H. Posture. See Postures, Zable of. - HORLICK's FOOD Horlick's Food. A variety of Liebig's foods for in- fants. Its composition is: Water, 3.39; fat, O.O8; grape-sugar, 34.99 ; cane-sugar, I2.45; no starch; rºle carbohydrates, 87.20; albuminoids, 6.71 ; ash, I. 28. Hormion (hor/-me-on) [ćpuff, the first]. metric Points. Hormogone, Hormogon (hor/-mo-gon). Same as Hor- mogonzum, Hormogonium (hor-mo-go/-me-um) [äpplog, a cord, chain; yovog, offspring ; pl., Hormogonia]. In biol- ogy, a short, moniliform reproductive body, found in the Nostocs. Horn [ME., horn, horn]. The hard projection, used as a defensive weapon, growing on the heads of cer- tain animals. Horns may be permanent, as in the ox; or deciduous, as in the deer. Also, the hardened epithelial substance of which the horn is composed. H., Cutaneous. See Cormºz, czatazzeum. H.-blende, a common mineral, occurring massive or in prismatic crystals, of various colors, from white, through green shades, to black. It is a silicate of lime, magnesia, or iron. It is sometimes used in the manufacture of porcelain teeth for shading the body or enamel. H.- distemper, a disease of cattle affecting the core of the horn. H.-pock. See Warty Smallpox. H.-pox, a variety of varicella in which the lesions resemble papules. See also Warty Smallpox. Horner’s Mixture. See Ated Mixteere. See Muscles, Zable of - Horny (horn/-e) [ME., horn, horn]. Composed of, or resembling, horn. H. Band of Tarinus, a band of white fibers running between the optic thalamus and the corpus striatum. See Band. H. Epithelium. See Trachoma. > . Horologic (hor-o-loj/-ić) [Öpożóyoc, lit., telling the hour]. In biology, applied to such flowers as open or shut at certain hours. Horological (hor-o-loj/-ić-al). Same as Horologic. Horopter (hor-op/-ter) [6pog, boundary; bittàp, an ob- server]. The sum of all the points seen singly by the two retinae while the fixation-point remains stationary. “A circle passing through the center of rotation of each eye and through the apex of the point of fixation of the visual lines.” (Mueller.) “A line representing the curve along which both eyes can join in sight.” (AVoyes.) Horopteric (hor-op-ter/-ić) [6pog, boundary; ottàp, observer]. Pertaining to an horopter. Horrida cutis (hor/-id-ah Āu/-tis) [L.]. Cutis anserina. Horripilation (hor-ip-iſ-a/-shum) [horrere, to stand on end; pilus, the hair]. A sensation as if the hairs of the skin were stiff and erect. - Horripilator (hor-ip-il-a/-tor). Same as Arrector piſi. Horrors (hor/-orz)[horror, a shaking, terror]. A popular name for Delirium tremens, g. v. Horse (hors) [ME., hors, a horse]. A member of the genus Equus, a domestic beast of burden. H.- chestnut. See Asculus hippocasſanum. H.- chestnut bark, the bark of the horse-chestnut (AEscu- /us hippocastanzam), said to be used in leather-manu- factures for the production of an extract under the simple name of chestnut extract. H.-distemper, influenza. H.-doctor, a farrier; a veterinary surgeon. H.-drench, a dose of physic for a horse. H.-foot. See Talipes equinus. H.-leech, a large leech, the Haemopis of Southern Europe and Northern Africa; also a horse-doctor. H.-power. See Unit. H.-pox. I. A pustular disease of horses, which, communicated to cows, produces cow-pox. It is also called pustular grease. 2. See Coitus Disease. H.-radish, the fresh See Crazzo- H.’s Muscle. Goose-skin. 575, |HOT root of Cochlearia armoracia, with properties due to a volatile oil. It is stimulant, diuretic, and externally a rubefacient, and is much used as a condiment. Dose of the fld. ext, 3.j—ij. Armoraciae, Spt., Comp. (B.P.). Dose 3 j-ij. H.-shoe Fistula, a name ap- plied to a fistulous track surrounding the rectum in a semicircle, either in front or behind. H.-shoe Hy- men. See Aymen. H.-shoe Kidney, the union of the lower ends of the two kidneys, so that they appear to form a single organ of a form somewhat like that of a horse-shoe. H.-sickness. See Anthrax. H.-tail. See Aguisetum. H.-weed. See Collinsonia cana- densis. - Horsikin (hor/-sik-in) [ME., hors, a horse]. A model used in teaching the anatomy and surgery of the horse. Horsley’s Method. A method of determining the position of the fissure of Rolando. It is carried out by means of an instrument made to encircle the head, and having an arm fixed at an angle of 67°, which indicates the position of the fissure. H.’s Test. See Tests, Table of. Horst’s Eye-water. Collyrium adstringens luteum. An eye-solution prepared as follows: Take of ammonium chlorid, 50 centigrams, and zinc sulphate, I25 centigrams, dissolve in 200 grams of distilled water, and add a solution of 40 centigrams of camphor in 20 grams of dilute alcohol, and IO centigrams of saffron. Digest for 24 hours with frequent agitation, and filter. - Hospital (hos/-pit-al) [hospitale, a large house]. A building for the care and treatment of sick or infirm people. H. Fever, a feverish condition formerly common in hospitals, due to ill-ventilation and un- Sanitary conditions. Also, the fever symptomatic of gangrene. Also, a synonym of 73%hus Fezer. See Aſever. H. Gangrene, a contagious, phagedenic gangrene occasionally attacking wounds or open Sores. It is confined mainly to military hospitals, and is of microbic origin. Hospitalism (hos/-pit-al-izm) [hospita/e, a large house]. The morbific influence arising from the gathering of diseased persons in a hospital, a condition that seems to have a tendency to produce septic diseases. Hospitalization (hos-pit-a/-īz-a/-shum) [hospitale, a large house]. Confinement in a hospital for treat- Iment. Hospitalomania (hos-pit-al-o-ma/-ne-ah) [hospitale, a large house; plavia, madness]. A mania for founding or visiting hospitals. Host (host) [hostis, a stranger, a landlord]. ganic body upon which parasites live. Hot [ME., hot, hot]. Having or yielding the sensa- tion of heat; stimulating; biting. H.-air Bath. See Aath. H. Bath. See Aaſh. H.-blanket Pack, a rubber sheet and one or two woolen blankets are placed upon the bed. A heavy woolen blanket is wrung out of water at IIo°F., spread upon the dry blanket, the patient placed upon it and wrapped with it like a mummy. The dry blankets and rubber sheet are wrapped over this, and the patient is allowed to remain in this pack from half an hour to two hours. It is useful in suppression of urine. Hot-box, Jap- anese, a device for applying dry heat to a part. H. Drops, the Tinctura capsici et myrrha, N. F.; they are useful in many painful conditions of the stomach and bowels, when there is no inflammation or organic disease; it is called also “ number six.” H. Eye, Hutchinson’s term for a persistent hyperemia of the conjunctiva seen in gout. H.-spots. See 7 empera- ture-sense. H. Wet-pack, instead of wringing the linen sheet out of cold water, as in the Wet-pack, it The or- HOTTENTOT APRON is dipped into water at IIo9 F., well wrung out and spread upon the blanket, as in the cold-pack. The patient is wrapped in this and allowed to remain for an hour. Then he is removed to the side of the bed upon which he is to lie, lightly rubbed over with a rough wash-rag dipped into water at 65° F., squeezed out by the hand, quickly dried and left alone. This method is useful only in obstinate insomnia. H.-wind Stroke, a form of heat-fever, not unlike sunstroke, but caused by hot winds, and far more fatal than sun- stroke; it is common in India. - Hottentot Apron (hot/-n-tot). See Velamen vulvae. H. Deformity. See Steatopygia. Hottentotism (hot/-n-toº-izm). An extreme form of stammering, sometimes congenital, and often due to or associated with deformity of the vocal organs. Hough (haf) [AS., hoh, the hough]. The lower part of the thigh. Bound's Tongue (howmdz tung). The leaves and root of Cynoglossum officinale, an anodyne, demulcent, and astringent. Dose of the flá. ext, 3 SS—j. Unof. Hour-glass Contraction. See UAEeries. House (hows) [ME., hous, a house]. In biology, a cuticular secretion, representing the cellulose coat of higher ascidians, in which the lowest Tunicata, as represented by Appendicularia, shelter themselves. H.- maid’s Knee. See Abscess, Bursal. H.-physician, the resident physician in a hospital. H.-refuse, the ashes, dust, food-scraps, both animal and vegetable, waste-paper, and other waste material from a house- hold, and which does not enter the drains. H.-sur- geon, the resident surgeon in a hospital. Houston’s Folds, or Valves. Three folds of mucous membrane within the rectum. They are directed obliquely. H.’s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Hove, Hoven (hov, ho/-ven). See Hoove and Blown. Hovius, Canals of. See Canal. H., Plexus of. See Alexuses, Table of Howard's Method. See Artificial Respiration. Howship’s Lacunae, or Pits. Certain deep or shallow depressions, sometimes simple, and at times quite complex, occurring in bones undergoing absorption, at the edges of the bone bordering on vascular surfaces, and seen on making a microscopic examination. These lacunae are usually filled or lined by larger and smaller granular, frequently multinuclear cells—the so- called osteoclasts. Hoyer's Alcoholic Carmin. See Stains, Table of H.’s Carmin. See Stains, Zable of H.’s Solution. See Stains, Zable of Huanokin (w/a/./-no-kin) [from Huanuco, a place- name]. An alkaloid from Cinchona nitida, said to be strongly febrifugal. Unof. Hubbell's Wheat Food. A variety of farinaceous food for infants, with the following composition: Water, 7.78; fat, O.4I ; grape-sugar, 7.56; cane-sugar, 4.87 ; starch, 67.60; Soluble carbohydrates, 14.29; albuminoids, Io. I3; ash, I.O.; gum, cellulose, etc., undetermined. . Huchard's Diet. See Treatment, Methods of: Huckle-bone (huk/-/-bón) [ME., huccle-bone, the as- tragalus]. The Astragalus, g. v. Hudson's Apparatus. An apparatus to support the fingers and hands in the treatment of wrist-drop. Hueter's Bandage. See Bandage. H.’s Method, a method of inducing premature labor. It consists in applying a bladder filled with water or decoction of ergot to the neck of the womb. Hüfner's Method. A method of obtaining glycocholic acid. A little HCl is added to fresh bile, the mixture shaken, and the mucinoid material so precipitated is fil- tered off. Ethyl ether and HCl are added to the 576 HUMMING-TOP MURMUR filtrate; the proportions of the filtrate, acid, and ether are respectively IOO, 5, and 30. The mixture is shaken and allowed to remain some hours, when crys- tals form, which are then collected on a filter, washed with water holding HCl and ether in solution, and dried in the air. By recrystallization the crystals are obtained perfectly colorless. Hufeland’s Cerate. A preparation used in treating sore nipples. It consists of zinc oxid and lycopodium each 2 parts, simple cerate 30 parts, Hughes Bennett’s Diuretic. A diuretic mixture em- ployed in chronic nephritis, composed of pulverized potassium acetate, 2 drams; sweet spirit of niter, half an ounce; water sufficient to make two ounces; one dram of this is given three times daily. Huguier’s Canal. See Canal. H.’s Disease. See Diseases, Table of H.’s Glands, two small glands opening into the vagina. Huingan (whin/-gan) [S. Amer.]. The seed of a plant (Duvarra dependens) native to the Andes. The infusion is used in urinary affections. Unof. Human (hu/-man) [humanus, human]. Pertaining to or characteristic of man. H. Dolphin, a monster with complete union of the lower limbs. H. Milk, mother’s milk. It derives its origin from an over- growth of epithelial cells lining the lactiferous ducts, with infiltration with fat, and subsequent rupture. Its specific gravity is IO24–35, its reaction alkaline. Each minute fat-globule is surrounded by a pellicle of serum-albumin. The chemical composition of human milk is as follows:— Meigs Vogel. Gautrelet. Water, . . . . . . . . . . 87.163 89.5 88. I Fat, . . . . . . . . . . . 4.283 3.5 4... O Casein, . . . . . . . . . I.O46 2. O 2.2 Sugar, . . . . . . . . . . 7.407 4.8 5.2 Ash, . . . . . . . . . . O. IOI o. 17 O.5 Humation (hu-ma/-shun) [humore, to inter]. ment; inhumation. Humboldt Blue. Same as Spirit-blue. Hume's Test. See Tests, Table of. Humectant (hu-mek/-tant) [humectare, to make moist]. I. Moistening; like a poultice; diluent. 2. A diluent; a substance used to moisten. Humeral (hu/-mer-al) [humerus, the shoulder]. taining to the humerus. Humeren (hu/-mer-en) [humerus, the shoulder]. Be- longing to the humerus in itself. Humero- (hu/-mer-o-) [humerus, the shoulder]. A pre- Inter- Per- fix signifying relationship with the shoulder. H.- cubital, relating to the humerus and the ulna. H.-c. Amputation, amputation at the elbow-joint. H.- radial, relating to the humerus and the radius. H.- scapular, relating to the humerus and the scapula. H.-s. Amputation, amputation at the shoulder-joint. H.-ulnar, relating to the humerus and the ulna. H.-u. Amputation, amputation at the elbow-joint. Humerus (hu/-mer-us) [L.]. The bone of the upper arm. Also, the shoulder. Humid (hu/-mid) [humidus, moist]. H. Tetter. See Aczemza.' Humidity (hu-mid/-it-e) [humor, moisture]. The state or quality of being moist. H., Absolute, the actual amount of water present in the air at any moment, regardless of saturation. H., Relative, the relative amount of water present in air which is not saturated, as compared to what the air should contain at the ex- isting temperature were its condition that of saturation. Humifuse (hu/-miſ-às) [humus, the ground; fundere, to pour]. In biology, spread over the surface of the ground. Humming-top Murmur or Sound. See Bruit de diable. Moist; damp. . HUMOR Humor (hu/-mor or w/-mor) [L.]. Any fluid or semi- fluid part of the body. H., Aqueous, the trans- parent fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye. H., Crystalline. See Zems, Crystalline. H., Vitre- ous, the transparent gelatin-like substance filling the posterior chamber of the eye. Humoral (hu/ ...” [humor, moisture]. Pertain- ing to the natural fluids of the body. H. Pathol- ogy, an obsolete theory that all diseases result from a disordered or abnormal condition of the fluids or humors of the body. Humoralism (hu/-mor-al-izm), or Humorism (hu/- mor-izm). Same as Aumoral Pathology. Humoralist (hu/-mor-al-ist) [humor, moisture]. The name given to one who was an advocate of the supreme importance of the blood in the processes of health and disease. Humoro-vitalism (hu/-mo-ro-vi'-ta/-īzm) [humor, moisture; vita, life]. The obsolete belief that the fluids of the body are the seat of life. Humpback (hump'-bak). See A3%hosis. Humulin (hu/-mu-lin) [humulus, hop]. I. The same as Zupulºn. 2. A concentrated preparation from the tincture and decoction of hops. Unof. Humulus (hu/-mu-/us) [L. : gen., Humuli). Hop. The strobiles of H. lupulus. It contains various principles, hopein and lupulin being the most important. It is a bit- terstomachic tonic and feeble hypnotic, increasing the cardiac action. A poultice of hops is a favorite remedy for painful conditions and in inflammations. H., In- fusum, unof., 3 SS-Oj. Dose 3.j—iv. H., Tinct., 20 per cent. in strength. Dose 3.j-ij. Lupulinum, the glandular powder. Dose gr. v-xv. L., Ext. (B. P.) Dose gr. v-x. L., Fld. Ext., alcoholic. Dose mux– 3j. L., Oleoresina, ethereal. Dose gr. ii—v. L., Tinct., unof., strength 12% per cent. Dose 3 ss—ij. Humus (hu/-mus) [L., the earth, ground, soil]. Vege- table mold. It contains ulmin and ulmic acid, humin and humic acid. H. Pigments, certain pigmentary bodies of a more or less dark-brown color, produced when carbohydrates are treated with acids or alkalies. When urine is treated with acids in the presence of oxy- gen, it becomes darker from the formation of some of these humus-pigmented substances by the action of the acids on the carbohydrates. Hunchback (hunch/-bak ). See Kyphosis. Hungarian (hung-ga/-re-am) [Hungaria, Hungary]. Pertaining to Hungary. H. Balsam, or H. Tur- pentine, a thin turpentine from the branches of Pinus pumilio. H. Disease. Synonym of Typhus Aezer. Hungary Blue. Same as Cobalt-blue. Hunger (hung/-ger) [ME., hunger, hunger]. A con- dition marked by a sensation of emptiness of the stomach, with intense desire for food. H.-cure. See AWestiatria. H.-pest. Synonym of Relapsing Fever, Q. v. H.-typhus. Synonym of Relapsing Fever, g. v. Hunter, Canal of. See Canal. H.’s Line. See Zines, Zable of H.’s Method, a method of treating aneur- ysm by ligating the artery on the proximal side of the SalC. Hunterian Chancre. See Chancre. - Huntingdon's Chorea. Hereditary Chorea. An affec- tion characterized by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, and gradual dementia. It is frequently hereditary, is associated with psychic troubles, and occurs between the thirtieth and fortieth years. The disease has no connection with Sydenham’s Chorea. See Chorea, Hereditary, and Diseases, Table of. Huntsman's Cup. See Trumpet Plant, Hunyadi Janos (hun-yah/-de) [from the name of the Hungarian national hero, otherwise called John Cor- 577 HYALOID vinus]. An aperient mineral water from Buda-Pesth, in Hungary. It is an effective laxative or cathartic. It should be taken in the quantity of from a half to one wineglassful, fasting. Hura (hu/-rah) [S. Amer.]. A genus of poisonous euphorbiaceous trees of tropical America. H. bra- siliensis, H. crepitans, and H. strepens, are the best-known species. They have the general acrid, pustulant, and cathartic properties of nearly all euphorbiaceous plants. Unof. Huschke, Auditory Teeth of. Nipple-like projections along the free border of the labium vestibulare of the ear. H., Canal of. See Cazza/. H., Foramen of. See Aoramen. H., Valve of, the fold of mucous membrane at the point where the common canal formed by the junction of the canaliculi enters the lachrymal sac. Husky (hus/-ke) [E. dial., hashy, rough, dry]. rough, as the voice. -- Hutchinson’s Lotion. A lotion used in the treatment of eczema. It has the following composition: Liquor plumbi subacetatis, 3% ounce; liquor carbonis deter- gentis, 2% ounces. Of this one teaspoonful is mixed with a pint of water, and used as a lotion. H.’s Patch. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of H.’s Teeth, a notched or furrowed condition of the free edges of the permanent teeth, especially the central incisors of the upper jaw, due to inherited syphilis. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of H.’s Treat- ment. See Treatment, Methods of H.’s Trio of Symptoms. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Huttoning (hut/-on-ing) [after Hutton, the inventor]. A method of manipulating a luxated joint, introduced by one Hutton, a bone-setter. Huxham's Tincture. See Cºnchozza. Huxley’s Angle. See Angle. H.’s Layer, Mem- brane, or Sheath, a layer of nucleated, elongated, polygonal cells lying within Henle’s layer of the inner root-sheath of hairs. H. Law. See Zaw. Huygenian Ocular (hi-je/-me-an). See Ocular. Huygens, Theory of. The undulatory theory of light. Hyalin (hi/-al-in) [iažog, glass]. A translucent sub- stance, called also canalized fibrin, that sometimes occurs in miliary tubercle. Also, the membrane or sac forming the walls of hydatid cysts. Also, a substance found in echinoderms and other invertebrates. Its centesimal formula is, C = 45.3 to 44. I; H = 6.5 to 6.7 ; N = 5.2 to 4.5 ; O = 43 to 44.7. Hyaline (hiſ-al-in) [važog, glass]. Resembling glass in transparency. H. Cartilage. See Cartiſage. H. Cast, or Cylinder, a clear, nearly transparent urinary tube-cast. H. Degeneration, a degeneration of fibrous tissue, which becomes transparent, jelly-like, and homogeneous in structure. Hyalinosis (hi-al-in-o’-sis) [iažog, glass]. waxy degeneration. Hyalinuria (hi-al-in-ae'-re-ah) [ia?oç, glass; oipov, urine]. The presence of hyalin in the urine. Hyalitis (hi-a/-ä’-ſis) [iažog, glass; Tuc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane. It is also used as a synonym of inflammation of the vitreous humor. Hyalogen (hi-a/-o-jen) [iažog, glass; Yevvāv, to pro- duce]. One of the albuminoids found in cartilage; it is readily changed into hyalin, whence the name. Hyaloid (hi’-al-oid) [važog, glass; eiðoç, form]. Transparent; like glass. H. Artery, in the embryo, a branch of the arteria centralis retinae, traversing the vitreous humor to the posterior capsule of the lens. Its hyaloid sheath forms the Canal of Cloquet. Per- sistence of this artery after birth has been observed. H. Membrane, a delicate, transparent membrane Harsh, Hyaline or 37 HYALOIDITIS surrounding the vitreous humor, except in front, where it becomes fibrous and strong and forms a leaf- let of the zonula of Zinn. *. Hyaloiditis (hi-al-oid-i/-tis). See Hyalitis. Hyalonyxis (hi-al-o-nićs/-is) [važoç, glass; vöğic, a pricking]. Puncture of the vitreous body of the eye. Hyalophagia (hi-al-o-ſa/-je-ah) [važoç, glass; payeiv, to eat]. The practice of eating glass, sometimes seen among insane persons. Hyaloplasm (hi/-al-o-plazm) [važog, glass; Thäoga, plasm]. The clear, fluid, homogeneous portion of the protoplasm surrounding the spongioplasm of a living cell. The term is also used as a general synonym of protoplasm. Hybrid (hi/-brid) [ü8pug, insult]. The offspring of two individuals of distinct but closely related species. Among animals, the mule is the best known hybrid. H. Measles. Synonym of Röthelm, g. v. Hybridism, or Hybridity (hi/-brid-izm, hi-brid/-it-e) [üğpug, insult]. Cross-breeding; mixture of races; the combination of various diseases. ** Hybridization (hi-brid-iz-a/-shun) [hybrid, a mongrel ; ićpug, insult]. Cross-breeding. Hydantoic Acid (hi-dan-to/-ić). Auric. Hydantoin (hi-dan-toſ-in), C, H, N,0,. Glycolyl urea. A substance that crystallizes from hot water and from alcohol in needles that melt at 206° C., and have a neutral reaction and sweet taste. Hydarthrosis (hi-dar-thro/-sis). See Hydrarthrosis, Hydatenterocele (hi-dat-en-ter/-0-sel) [90op, water; £vrepov, bowel; Khºm, a tumor]. Hydrocele with in- testinal hernia. Hydatid (hi'-dat-id) [ióatic, vesicle]. A cyst with aqueous contents formed by the larva of a tenia, Echi- mococcus polymorphus, the larva of a small tapeworm, Temia echinococcus, which, in its adult (strobila) con- dition is only known to infest the dog and the wolf, while the larvae (hydatids) are of frequent occurrence in man and other mammals. Three principal forms of hydatids are recognized, viz., exogenous, endogenous, and multilocular. The first is sparingly found in man, but is extremely common in the lower animals, whilst the second is most frequently developed in the human subject, the third kind being found only in man. (Cobbold.) See Parasites (Animal), Table of The term hydatid is frequently, also, loosely applied to vesicular tumors and cysts of many kinds. Hydatids are most frequent in the liver, but are found in almost any tissue, even in bone. H. Disease, a disease characterized by the presence in various portions of the body of cysts containing the embryo of the Tania echinococcus. The symptoms vary according to the location of the tumor. H. Fremitus, a modified sense of fluctuation occasionally obtained on palpating an hydatid cyst. Placing the palm of one hand upon the tumor, and striking the dorsum with the fingers of the other hand, a tremor or thrill is per- ceived. This is doubtless due to the physical condi- tions of a cyst containing fluid, and provided with a tense elastic wall. H. Mole. See Chorion, Cystic Degeneration of, and Mole. H. of Morgagni, one of certain short processes of the tunica vaginalis testis ; also a similar structure connected with the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube. These hydatids are the remnants of the Müllerian duct. H. Tapeworm. See Złenia echinococcus. - Hydatidiform (hi-dat-id/-if-orm) [üdaric, hydatid; forma, form]. Having the form of an hydatid. Resembling an hydatid. H. Degeneration of the Chorion, or Vesicular Mole. See Mole and Chorion, Cystic Oegeneration of See Acid, Glyco- 578 HYDRANGIOLOGY Hydatidocele (hi-dat-id/ ;"| [öðaríg, hydatid; khâm, tumor]. Oscheocele with hydatid cysts. Hydatidoma (hi-dat-id-o/-mah) [ióatic, hydatid; bud, a tumor]. ny hydatid cyst or tumor. - Hydatidosis (hi-dat-id-of-sis) [ióatic, hydatid]. The condition of being affected with hydatids. Hydatogenesis (hi-dat-o-jen/-es-is) [ióop, water; yéveog, production]. The formation of water within the tissues or cavities of the body. Hydatoncus (hi-dat-ong/-äus) [idop, water; 3)Koç, a tumor]. Any cyst, or watery tumor. Hydatorrhea (hi-dat-or-e'-ah) [üóop, water; bota, flow]. A copious flow of water. Hydatotherapy (hi-dat-o-ther'-ap-e). See Hydro- therapy. Hyderabad Commission. See Anesthetic. Hydnocarpus (hid-no-kar/-pus) [06vov, mushroom; Kapiróg, fruit]. A genus of poisonous bixaceous trop- ical trees. H. (or Gynocardia) anthelminthicus, is anthelmintic and useful in skin-diseases. H. inebrians and H. wightianus have similar uses. Unof. Hydracetin (hi-dras/-et-in) [00pa, a water-serpent], CeBIs N.H.,(C,EISO). A derivative of coal-tar and a powerful antipyretic and antirheumatic; its use, however, is attended with danger. Dose gr. 34 to ij. An ointment (Io per cent.) is recommended in pso- riasis. Unof. - Hydracid (hi-dras/-ia) [idop, water; acidum, acid]. A term sometimes used in chemistry to denote an acid formed by a combination of hydrogen and some acid element or radicle other than oxygen. Hydro- chloric acid, HCl, and hydrogen or hydric sulphid, H.S, are examples. - Hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i/-tis) [56op, water; adāv, gland; trug, inflammation]. I. Same as Hidrosad- emitis. 2. Lymphadenitis. H. destruens sup- purativa. See Aydrosademitis //legmonosa. Hydradenoma (hi-drad-en-o’-ma). Same as Hidrad- 6%07/262. Hydraemia (hi-dre/-me-ah). See Hydremia. Hydraéropericardium (hi-drah-e-ro-per-ik-ar/-de-um) [ööop, water; &#p, air; Tepi, around; Kapóta, heart]. The presence of fluid and gas in the pericardium. Hydraéropleuria (hi-drah-e-ro-plu'-re-ah)[ööop, water; ãňp, air; Trževpá, side]. Same as Hydropneumothorax. Hydragogue (hi/-drag-og) [ióop, water; &yoyoc, leading]. I. Expelling water. , 2. A purgative that causes copious liquid alvine discharges. Hydramin (hi/-dram-in) [90op, water; amin]. . Any one of the oxyethyl bases produced by the action of aqueous ammonia upon ethylene oxid. The hydra- mins are thick, strongly alkaline liquids, that decom- pose upon distillation. - Hydramnios (hi-dram/-me-os) [šéop, water; áuvtov, fetal membrane]. An abnormal amount of amniotic fluid. Hydrangea (hi-dram/je-ah) [idop, water; āyyelov, vessel). A genus of saxifragaceous shrubs. The root of H. arborescensis, much used by the Cherokee Indians for calculi in the bladder, is said to be of some utility. Dose of the liquid extract 3ss—ij; of a decoction 3.j—ij. Unof. Hydrangeion (hi-dram/-je-on) [üóop, water, lymph; âyyelov, vessel ; fl., Hydrangeia]. A lymphatic vessel. Hydrangeitis (hi-dram-je-i/-täs) [500p, water ; dyyelov, a vessel; itag, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lym- phatic vessel; lymphangitis. Hydrangiology (hi-dram-je-o/-0-ſe) [56,op, water; &y- yelov, vessel; Wöyog, science]. The science of the nature, functions, and diseases of the lymphatics. HYDRANTH Hydranth (hi/-dranth) [šépoc, hydra; ſiv6og, flower]. In biology, the proper nutritive zoöid of the Hy- drozoa. Hydrargism (hi-drar/-gizm). See Mercurialism, Hydrargyria (hi-drarjir/-e-ah). See Mercurialism. Hydrargyriasis (hi-drarjir-i/-as-is). See Mercurial- 2S772. Hydrargyrism (hi-drar/jir-izm). See Mercurialism. Hydrargyromania (hi-drarjir-o-ma/-ne-ah) ſiópáp- ywpog, mercury; pavía, madness]. Insanity due to the unwise use of mercury. Hydrargyrophobia (hi-drarjir-o-fo/-be-ah) . [iópáp- yvpoc, mercury; pá30ſ, fear]. Morbid dread of mer- curial medicines. Hydrargyrophthalmia (hi - drar-fir - off-tha/-me-ah) [ööpápyvpoç, mercury; 64.60%gia, ophthalmia]. Oph- thalmia due to mercurial poisoning. Hydrargyrum (hi-drar/-jir-um) [iópápyvpoc, mercury: gen., Hydrargyri J. Mercury. Quicksilver. Hg = 200; quantivalence II, IV. The only liquid metallic element, hence the common name, quicksilver. See A ſements, Table of. In medicine, the metal, its nitrate, oxids, chlorids, and iodids are the Salts most commonly, the sulphid and cyanid less frequently, used. In small doses continued not too long a time it is a tonic, purgative, and alterative. In larger doses, or too long continued, it is likely to produce pytalism. In “biliousness,” mercurial purgatives have long been a favorite remedy, blue-mass, and mercur- ous chlorid or calomel being usually employed. In syphilis, mercuric chlorid , and mercuric iodid are generally considered specific. Mercury in the form of calomel is useful in glandular inflammations. Form- erly it was much used in the same form in typhoid fever and malarial fevers. The soluble. Salts of mercury are highly poisonous. H. ammoniatum, ammoniated mercury, “white precipitate,” mercur- ammonium chlorid, NH, HgCl, is used externally. H. ammoniati, Ung., “white precipitate ointment” —ammoniated mercury Io, benzoated lard 90 parts. H. benzoas, Hg (C6H3CO2)3. Dose, in pill, gr. Pº. H. carbolas, easily absorbed. Dose, in pill, gr. 4–3. H. chloridum corrosivum, HgCl, (H. perch- loridum, B. P.), corrosive chlorid of mercury, mercuric chlorid, “bichlorid of mercury,” “corrosive sublimate.” Soluble in water and alcohol; anti- syphilitic. Dose gr, sº-ſºo. Very poisonous. Liq. hydrarg. perchlorid. (B. P.), contains gr. ss of the mercurial salt to the ounce. Dose 3 SS—ij. H. chloridum mite, Hg, Cl, (H. subchloridum, B. P.), mild chlorid or subchlorid of mercury, mercurous chlorid, “calomel,’’—laxative, tonic, and antipyretic. Insoluble in water and alcohol. Dose gr. 36-X. H. subchlor., Ung. (B. P.), I to 6% of benzoated lard. H. cum ammonia, Emplastrum. See Am- monium. H. cum creta, mercury with chalk, “chalk-mixture,” “gray powder,’’ contains mercury 38, clarified honey, Io, prepared chalk 57, water q. S. Dose gr. ss—x. H. cyanidum, Hg(CN)2, mercuric cyanid. Soluble in water and alcohol. It is recom- mended, with aconite, in diphtheria. Dose gr. rºw—I's. Poisonous. H., Emplastrum, mercurial plaster—mercury 30, oleate of mercury I.2, lead- plaster q. S. H. et arsenii iod., Liq., Donovan’s Solution. See Arsenic. H. flav., Lotio, unof, “yellow wash” for syphilitic sores—corrosive sub- limate gr. xviij, lime-water 3 x, Gilbert's Syrup, unof., hydrarg, biniodid. gr. iij, potass, iodid. gr. cij, water giij, syrup q. s. ad 3 x. H. iodid. flavum, Hg, I, green iodid of mercury, mercur- ous iodid. Dose gr. ſº-#. H. iodid. rubrum, HgI, red iodid or biniodid of mercury, mercuric 579 HYDRASTIS iodid. Soluble in a solution of potassium iodid. Poisonous. Dose gr. sº-ſºo. H. iodid. rub., Ung. (B. P.), one in 28. H., Liniment (B. P.), contains one part of mercury in six. H., Massa, “blue mass,” “bluepill,” has mercury 33, liquorice 5, althea 25, glycerin 3, confection of rose 34. It is used mainly as a purgative. Dose gr. ss—xx. H. nigra, Lotio, unof., “black wash ’’ for syphilitic sores— calomel gr. xxx, lime-water 3 x. H. nitrat., Liq., solution of mercuric nitrate. It is used as an escharotic. H. nitrat. rub., Ung., unof., red ointment of mer- curic nitrate, brown citrine ointment; it is made with cod-liver oil. H. nitrat., Ung., citrine ointment,- mercury 7, nitric acid I7, lard-oil 76. H. nitrat., Ung., Dil. (B. P.), citrine ointment and soft paraffin, I in 2. H. oleat., contains yellow oxid 20, oleic acid 80. H. oxid. flav., yellow oxid of mercury. Insoluble in water; soluble in nitric and hydrochloric acids. It is used in the preparation of ointments, etc. H. oxid. flav., Ung., contains Io per cent. of the oxid. H. oxid. rub., red oxid of mercury. Dose gr. sº- . H. oxid. rub., Ung., contains IO per cent. of the oxid. H. salicylas, HgC, H, OCOO. Dose gr. #, in pill. H. subsulph. flav., Hg(HgC),SO, yellow subsulphate of mercury, basic mercuric sul- phate, “turpeth mineral.” Soluble in nitro-hydro- chloric acid. Dose, for emesis, gr. iſ—v. H. succinimidum has been recommended for hypo- dermatic use. H. sulph. rub., red mercuric sulphate, “cinnabar,” is used only by fumigation. H., Sup- positoria (B. P.), each contains gr. v of mercurial ointment. H. tannas, a green powder, rapidly ab- Sorbed. Dose gr. j, in pill. H., Unguent., mer- curial ointment, “blue ointment,”—mercury 450, lard 225, Suet 225, comp. tinct. benzoin 40, old mercurial ointment IOO ; these are triturated until the globules of mercury disappear under a magnifying glass. It is used to produce the physiologic effects of mercury by inunction. Hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro/-sis) [96op, water; &pſpov, joint]. An effusion of fluid into a joint, usually the result of chronic synovitis. It is called also Hydrops ar- ticuli, dropsy of the joint, white swelling, etc. Hydrarthrus (hi-dra,’’-thrus). See Aydrarthrosis. Hydrastin (hi-dras'-tin) [idop, water; 6pāv, to act], Co., H23NOg. I. An alkaloid occurring together with berberin (CoHiſ MO, -- 4% H2O) in the roots of Æy- drastis canadensis (q. v.); I 3–4 grains may be given per diem, in divided doses. In overdoses it may have poisonous effects. 2. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Hydrastis canadensis : it is laxative, chola- gogue, alterative, tonic, antiseptic, etc. Dose gr. j- ij. Unof. Hydrastinin (hi-dras/-tin-in) [i.600, water; 6pāv, to act], Cin His NOs. An alkaloid obtained by the oxidation of hydrastin. It is useful in chronic metritis and in salpingitis, controls hemorrhage, and is a good substitute for ergot. It stimulates the cardiac muscle and causes contraction of the lumen of arteries. Dose of the hydrochlorate gr. ij-iv, hypodermatically. Hydrastis (hi-dras/-tis) [boop, water; 6pāv, to act]. Golden seal. The roots of H. canadensis, with pro- perties due to several alkaloids, the principal being hydrastin, g. v. It is a simple, bitter tonic, with anti- periodic properties, and arrests the movements of white blood-corpuscles. It is useful in catarrh of the stomach and urinary organs, and as a lotion in gonorrhea and gleet. Dose of the flá. ext., muv-xxx; of the tinct. (20 per cent.) 3 ss—ij. H., Ext., Liquid. (B. P.) Dose muv-xxx. H., Glyceritum, hydrastis Io, gly- cerin 5, alcohol and water, q. S. H., Tinct., 20 per cent. strength. Dose murx–3 j. Unof. HYDRATE Hydrate (hi/-drāt) [idop, water]. A compound of an elementary atom, or of a radical, with the radical Aydroxyl H-O- or —O—H, as the hydrogen atom may be positive or negative. Practically a hydrate is con- sidered as a molecule of water with its basic atom of hydrogen replaced by another electropositive atom, e.g., potassium hydrate, K-O-H, is derived from water, H–O—H. Hydration (hi-dra/-shum) [öðap, water]. The process by which a body or substance becomes impregnated or saturated with water. Hydrazin (hi-draz/-in) [ióop, water; azotum, nitro- gen], HANA. I. Diamid; a colorless, stable gas, soluble in water, having a peculiar odor and a strong alkaline reaction. Orthin is prepared from it. See Ahenyl-hydrazin. 2. One of a class of bodies de- rived from hydrazin by replacing one or more of its hydrogen atoms by a compound radical. Hydrazones (hi/-draz-āns) [šéop, water; azotum, nitrogen]. Phenylhydrazones; a group of chemic bodies produced by the action of phenylhydrazin upon carbonyl compounds. They are usually crystal- line compounds, insoluble in water. They are yellow or brown in color, and almost invariably decompose upon fusion. Hydrecium (hi-dreſ-se-um) [ščap, water; oikoç, house: p!, Hydrecial. In biology, the sac for the reception of the retracted cenosarc attached to the swimming- bell of certain hydrozoans. Hydrectasis (hi-dreš/-tas-is) [šéop, water; Škraotº, a stretching out]. Distention by water or by a watery fluid. Hydremesis (hi-drem/-es-is) [šéop, water; Šuegic, vomiting]. The vomiting of a watery material. Hydremia (hi-dre/-me-ah) [šéop, water; alua, blood]. A watery condition of the blood due to defective renal secretion or to imperfect fibrination. It accom- panies albuminuria and certain other exhausting dis- €2S6S. Hydrencephal (hi/-dren-seſ-al) [56,op, water; Éyké- pažog, brain]. A hydrocephalic brain. Hydrencephalitis (hi-dren-seſ-al-iſ-tis) [šéop, water; êyképahog, brain; trug, inflammation]. Inflammatory hydrocephalus. Hydrencephalocele (hi-dren-sef’-a/-0-sel) [56op, wa- ter; £ykégaWog, brain; Khàm, hernia]. Encephalocele in which the tumor is in part composed of a watery fluid. H. palatina, a variety of hydrencephalocele in which the dura mater, distended with serum, pro- jects into the mouth, forming a tumor possibly as large as a small apple. Hydrencephalus (hi-dren-sef/-a/-us). See Hydro- cephalus. - Hydrenterocele (hi-dren-ter/-o-sé!) [ööop, water; £vrepov, intestine; Khºm, hernia]. Intestinal hernia, the sac of which contains some extravasated fluid. Hydrenterorrhea (hi-dren-ter-or-e'-ah) [06op, water; ëvrepov, intestine; bota, flow]. A watery diarrhea. Hydriasis (hi-dri’-as-is). See Hydro-therapeutics. Hydriatic (hi-dre-a/-ä) [900p, water; lattkóç, heal- ing]. Pertaining to the cure of disease with water. Hydriatric (hi-dre-a/-riž) [šéop, water; tarpóg, physi- cian]. Relating to the treatment of disease with Water. Hydriatry (hi/-dre-at-re). See Hydro-therapeutics. Hydric (hi/-drić) [960p, water]. Containing water. Hydrid (hi/-drid) [06op, water]. A chemic compound containing hydrogen united to an element. Hydriodic (hi-dre-od/-ié) [šéop, water; ióðmg, like a violet]. Containing hydrogen and iodin. H. Acid, HI, a heavy, colorless gas, with a suffocating odor and an acid reaction. It freezes at — 55°C. The syrup of 580 HYDROBIOSIS hydriodic acid contains I per cent. of absolute HI. Dose, 3.j—iv, well diluted. Hydro- (hi/-dro-) [560p, water]. A prefix signifying water, or that water forms a structural part. See, also, Hydrate. Hydroa (hi-dro'-ah) [šéop, water; &óv, egg]. A term including a group of vesicular and bullous skin- affections presenting many points of affinity with vesi- cating erythemata, herpes, and pemphigus. The group includes the diseases described as Dermatitis herpeti- formis, Pemphigus pruriginosus, Urticaria vesicans, and Herpes gestationis, and is by no means uncommon. Hydroa occurs in individuals of the neurotic tempera- ment; its course is chronic, but with a decided tendency toward ultimate recovery. (Hydroa, as the name of a skin-disease, is much confused in meaning with Hidroa, Q. v.) H. bullosa. See H. pruriginosum. H. aestivale. See H. vacciniforme. H. febrile. See Aerºpes facialis. H. gestationis, that of pregnancy. H. herpetiforme. Also called Dermatitis herpeti- formis, Herpes gestationis, Herpes circinatus bullo- sus, Pemphigus circinatus. See Pemphigus prurigi- mosus. H. pruriginosum. Hydroa bullosa, a very rare form, attended at its development with intense itching, and sometimes preceded by slight febrile symptoms, followed by the formation of small bullae not exceeding the size of a split pea, and commencing as vesicles, without any antecedent lesion. Slight umbilication occurs, followed by desiccation, and the formation of scales or crusts. Successive crops are formed, the bullae being discrete or grouped irregu- larly, but never in circles. H. puerorum. See A. vacciniforme. H. vacciniforme. Hydroa astivale; Aydroa puerorum ; Recurrent summer eruption ; a recurring summer eruption of boyhood, usually with vesicles that leave scars. The disease generally begins in the first, second, or third year of life, and is often preceded by articular symptoms. The eruption develops chiefly on the uncovered parts, and is generally preceded by burning or pain, fulness of the region at- tacked, anorexia, and insomnia. Red spots appear, and on these rounded vesicles develop, singly or in groups, varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that of a large pea. They may coalesce into an irregularly out- lined flattish bulla. The redness remains as an areola. These bullae dry up, rupture, or become umbilicated, and form crusts which, on separating, leave slightly depressed scars resembling those of smallpox. The pathology is unknown. Hydroadipsia (hi-dro-ad-iº/-se-ah) [idop, water; &, priv.; 6íºpa, thirst]. Absence of thirst, or of desire for water. Hydrobenzamid (hi-dro-ben/-2am-id) [šéop, water; benzoin, amid], Col His N. Azobenzoyl hydrid, a crystalline compound, soluble in alcohol. * Hydrobenzoin (hi-dro-ben-zo’-in) [šéop, water; ben- zoin J, C14H1,O,. A compound prepared by the action of sodium amalgam on benzoin. It dissolves with difficulty in water, is readily soluble in alcohol, and crystallizes in large, shining, rhombic plates, melting at I34°C. Hydrobilirubin (hi-dro-bil-e-ru/-bin) [idop, water; bilis, bile; ruber, red], Caº Huo N.O. A rose-red or brown-red pigment formed by treating a solution of bilirubin or biliverdin in dilute alkali with sodium amalgam. It is slightly soluble in water, easily so in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It is a coloring- matter of feces, said to be identical with stercobilin, and is sometimes found in urine. Hydrobiosis (hi-dro-bi-o/-sis) [56,op, water; 8tog, life]. In biology, the origin and maintenance of life in fluid media. HYDROBROMATE Hydrobromate (hi-dro-bro/-mât) [56,op, water; a stench]. A basic salt of hydrobromic acid. Hydrobromic (hi-dro-bro/-mić) [960p, water; 8pópoc, stench]. Composed of hydrogen and bromin. H. Acid. See Acid, Hydrobromic. H. Ether, C.H. Br. Bromid of ethyl. A colorless, translucent liquid, with a neutral reaction, ethereal smell, and a pungent, Sweet taste; its specific gravity is 1.4733; it boils at IO4°F. (49.7°C.), and burns with difficulty with a green, Smokeless flame. It is prepared by distilling alcohol with either bromin, hydrobromic acid, or bromid of phosphorus. It is only slightly soluble in water, but freely so in ether or alcohol. It is used as an anesthetic. See Anesthetic. Hydrobromid (hi-dro-bro/-mid). 772ate. Hydrocaffeic Acid (hi-dro-AEafe/-īk). See Acid. Hydrocarbon (hi-dro-Aar/-bon) [Öóop, water; carbo, charcoal]. A name applied to any one of a multitude of compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and car- bon, but also under certain conditions containing other elements as substitution-products. The possibilities of the number of such compounds may be seen in the following series, perhaps the simplest, carbon, C, being a tetrad, and requiring four monad atoms to saturate its quantivalence:— Methane, CH4. In either of these one or more Ethane, C.Hs. | atoms of hydrogen may be Propane, C3Hs. | replaced by other atoms or radi- £póſtog, Same as Hydrobro- Butane, C, Hio. cles without altering the struc- Pentane, C5H12. ture of the compound. It will be noticed that the members of the series differ by CH2 in the present case. The various members of the Fat-series are usually indicated as follows:— Paraffin Series, CnH2n+2, ) in which n stands for any Olefins, C, H2n, }; of carbon atoms. Acetylenes, C2H2n-2, Thus, if n = 3, the corre- sponding member of the Paraffin series would be CAPIs, etc. All the hydrocarbons are inflammable. They occur in nature as marsh-gas (fire-damp), natural gas, naphtha, petroleum, asphaltum, ozocerite, etc., in a multitude of forms. They, with their derivatives, form the subject-matter of organic chemistry. A Zable of the Hydrocarbons is appended. - 581 HYDROCARBON TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.–Continued. 1. PARAFFINS (ETHANES).-Continued. TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS. - I. PARAFFINS (ETHANES), CnH2n+2. > t Ž Žº E. 5% O 5 § ##| |: E : O z gºt ‘ 9 : º jº P 39 (5 : * : 5.5: ; NAME. > 5 E Ž 92 § 3 ; ; O ºf Q º, 2 ºf 2 E. E. R. ſº : 㺠5 § 3 F P- 59. £3.9 |: E ºn S. Methane, . CH4 Gas o.5598 Ethane, . . . C2H6 Gas Propane, . . . . C8Hs Gas Butane, . . . C4H10 Gas OO Pentane, C5H12 Liquid 37–39° Hexane, C6H14 Liquid 71.5° ſo.663 Heptane, . . . . CFH16 Liquid 99° o.6967 Octane, . . . . . CSHis Liquid 125° |o.718 Nonane, C9H20 Liquid — 51° - I49.5° ſo.7330 > f g H. . e {- C 2-, {-, 2- *4 - 3 Žº z º. S É < O o Q sº 5: G —l 2. ſº. “ 3 : % ºf ºl > :- O (5 % : ; G : : NAME. > ; : Ž Sº & 9 3: 2. * 0. 9 : * - Ž E $2 a 3 O on Q 5 Z ºf 2. 5 ºr 2. ſº > ſº º 3 * C - *I. O 39 º 2- >:S-2 ^* ſº g Oſ, J. Decane, C10H22 || Liquid — 32° ſ 173° ſo.7456 Undecane, C11H24 Liquid – 26.5° & 194.5°o.7745 & I)odecane, C12H28 Liquid – 12° is 214° ſo.773 o --- Tridecane, . . C18H28 Liquid – 6.2° § 234° ſo.775 “S, Tetradecane, . C14H20 | Liquid | + 4.5° š. 252.5° jo.775 Pentadecane, . C15H32 Liquid + Io9 § 270.5°o.775 Hexdecane, CºHº, Solid + 18° | ||237.5°o.775 |*S Hepdecane, . . C17H36 Solid + 22.5° § 303° jo.776 Octaecane, . . . C18H33 Solid 289 317° |o.776 Nondecane, . . C19H40 Solid 320 lsº o.777 Eicosane, . . C20H42 Solid 36.7° ſ 205° jo.777 Heneicosane, . C21H44 Solid 40.4° 215° jo.778 Docosane, C22H46 Solid 44.4° 224.5° jo.778 Tricosane, C23H48 Solid 47.7° 234° |o.778 Tetracosane, . C24H50 Solid 51 10 243° jo.778 Pentacosane, . C25H52 Solid § to a- I - Hexcosane, . . C26H54 Solid § - S, Heptacosane, . C27H56 Solid 59 5° s 270° 0.779 Octoosane, . . C23H5s Solid 5. - ^ -- - - Noncosane, . . C23H60 Solid § He n triac on- - § tane, Cai H64 Solid 68.10 3029 |o.78o Dotriacontane, C32H66 Solid 7oo 310° jo.781 Pentatriacon- - - tane, . . . . . C35H72 Solid 74.7° lsº o.781 Hexacontane, C60H122 Solid IO29 2. ALKYLENS (OLEFINS), CnH2n. Methylene, . . . CH2 Does not exist in the free state. Ethylene, . . . . C9H4 Gas — IoS9 Propylene, C3H6 Gas Trimethylene, C3H6 Gas Butylene, . . . C4Hs Gas — 5° Amylene, . . . . C5H10 Liquid + 37° Hexylene, C6H12 Liquid Heptylene, . . . C. His Liquid Cetene, . C8H16 Liquid C9H18 Liquid C10H20 Liquid. C11H29 || Liquid Dodecylene, C12H24 Liquid |— 31.5° 96° ſo.7954 C18H26 Liquid HYDROCARBON HYDROCARBON 582 TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.—Contenzaea. TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.—Continued. 2. ALKYLENS (OLEFINS).—Continued. 5. HYDROCARBONS.—Continued. ? & P. b g F –S ~s it. U H -º 2 < | H . 3 Z ºn £1; 5: tº 3 Z, ºr, £º 5 # < O -: & 9 59 35 . < O -: & 9 > Q 35 . -] 2. S. < S. $ % sº -l - z > * 2 : |& Gº: 2 - O & p. * & O H b - O Ö tº: o: C) it. His NAME. > < *- O US O > z; NAME. > < * C) (b Č > z. o: d : 2 : Ž E | 3: 6 o: 9 : Ž 5 : E | 3 || 8 O w; c. tº Z" 2. 5 : 5. O 5 gº H 2. z 5 ºr A. ſº > H tº - [...] G F. ſº > :3 tº ~ (...) 3 tº § #9 || 39 |#. : #9 || 39 |#: §3. Q- §3. Tetradecylene, C14H23 Liquid | – 12° 127° |o.7936 Cumene, . . . . C9H12 Liquid 153° 0.879 C15H80 Liquid Mesitylene, . . . CoH12 Liquid 1639 Hexadecylene, C16H32 Solid + 40° I54° |o.7917 Pseudocumene, CoH12 Liquid 166° ſo.8722 Heptadecylene, C17H34 Solid Cymene, C10H14 | Liquid 175–1769 Octodecylene, C18H86 Solid + 189 179° |o.7910 Durene, C10H14 Solid 79-80° 190° Melene, C30H60 Solid Prehnitol, C10H14 | Liquid - 204° 3. ACETYLENE SERIES, CnH2n-2. Methyl tºº. Acetylene, C2H2 Gas ethyl, . . . . . CH3 |Does not exist in the free state. Allylene, . . . . C3H4 Gas Allyl, . . . . . C3H5 |Does not exist in the free state. Crotonylene, . C4H6 Liquid I809 Butyl, C4H9 |Does not exist in the free state. Valerylene CRH Benzyl, . . CrH. Does not exist in the free state. 3 * * 5ſ 18 ſ Hexoylene, . . . CoH10 Styrol, C8H8 Liquid I44-145° ſo.925 C7H12 Indene, . . . . . CoHs Liquid 177-178° 1.040 CSH1 Naphthalene, . C10H8 Solid 79° 218.9 8 ſl 14 CoPH16 Terpinolene, , C10H16 Liquid 185–190° * - v) O Menthene, C10H18 Liquid 1670 Acenaphthene, C12H10 Solid 95 277 C11H20 Diphenyl, . . . C12H10 Solid 710 254° * O J Dodecylidene, C12H22 — 9° ( 105° ſo.8097 Fluorene, . . . . C18H10 Solid II3 295 tº e * Diphenyl Tridecylidene, C18H24 methane, C18H12 | Solid 26.5° 2629 Tetra de cyli- s g dene, . . . . . C14H23 + 6.5° |S | 134° ſo.8064 Anthracene, CuHis Solid 213° Pent a de cyli- § Phenanthrene, C14H10 Solid 99° 34cº dene, . . . . . C15H23 s. Tolane, . . . . . C14H10 Solid 600 Hºdeº C16H30 200 s 1609 |o 8039 Stilbene, . . . . C14H12 Solid I2O2 Hepta de cyli- § Dibenzyl, . . . . C14H14 | Solid 52° 2849 dene, . . . . . C17H32 Fluoranthene, Cishio Solid |109–IIo9 Oct a de cyli- M ethyl dene, . . . . C18H34 30° U 1849 |o.8oró anthracene, C15H12 | Solid 1909 4. HYDROCARBONS, CnH2n-4. º O Vinylacetylene, C4H4 ||Not yet isolated. Pyrene, . . . . . Cicho | Solid 148 Valylene, . . C6H6 Liquid 500 Chrysene, C18H12 Solid 250° 4369 Camphene, . . C10H16 Solid Retene, . . . . . C18H18 Solid 989 390° g & sº tºº Triphenyl Citrene, C10H16 || Liquid 175—1769 |o.846 methane, C10H16 Solid 93° Dipentene, . . C10H16 Liquid 175–1769 |o.853 Picene, . . . . Cºh, Solid 338° 519° ſº tº ge —r -160 Pinene, . . . . . C10H16 || Liquid 175–176 Ceryl, C27H56 |Does not exist in the free state. Sylvestrene, C10H16 Liquid 175–1789 Terpinene, . . C10H16 || Liquid 1809 BENZENE SERIES. * Fichtelit C18Hao | Solid 69 Boiling-point. § 1chtel1te, 18 ſl:32 Oll 4 Benzene, C6H6, . . . . . . . . . 80.4°C. .884 at I 8 c. 5. HYDROCARBONS, CnH2n-6. *j čºch, . . #º ºc, *." " * o-Xylene 1429-143° C. Diacetylene, C4H2 Gas Xylene, CoPH4.(CH3)2 m– “ §º % e {{ {{ & 'I', . e ‘º O |O. &E 136°-137° C. .862 “ 19.5° C. Dipropargyl, C6H6 Liquid 859 |o.81 ;...] C6H3. (CH3)3 { ::::: .853 º º C. & is º tº º O O |O. esitylene * I64.5° C. .86 .89 C. Benzene, CoPHg Liquid + 6 80.5° |o.899 Durene, C6H2. (CH3)4 . . . . . . . I89°–1919 C. 9 * 9 Toluene, C7H8 Liquid 110.3° ſo.882 Pentamethylbenzene, C6H.(CH3)6, —230°C. Hexamethylbenzene, C6(CH3)6, . –264°C. HYDROCARDIA Hydrocardia (hi-dro-kar/-de-ah). dium. Hydrocaulus (hi-dro-Aaw/-/us) [idop, water; Kav26c, a stem; pl., Hydrocauli). In biology, the main stem of a hydrozoan colony. Hydrocele (hi/-dro-sel) [56op, water; kham, tumor]. A collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis, or in connection with the testicle or cord. The term is applied, also, to a serous tumor in other loca- tions. Hydrocelia (hi-dro-se/-le-ah) [idop, water; , Kotzia, belly]. Dropsy of the belly or abdominal region. Hydrocellulose (hi-dro-sel/-u-lós) [56ap, water; cellula, a little cell], C12H22O11. A body formed by moisten- ing cellulose with a dilute mineral acid, and then dry- ing. It is used in photography. Hydrocelodes (hi-dro-sel-o'-dez) [šéop, water; Khºm, tumor; eiðoç, form]. A tumor resembling hydrocele, but due to an extravasation of urine. Hydrocenosis (hi-dro-sen-o’-sis) [üôop, water; Kévootſ, evacuation]. An evacuation of water either by the use of hydragogue cathartics or by the operation of “tapping” the cavity containing the accumulation of fluid. See AEaracentesis. Hydrocenotic (hi-dro-sen-of/-ié) [ióop, water; kévocac, evacuation]. Relating to or causing hydrocenosis. Hydrocephalic (hi-dro-seſ-a/-ä) [üóop, water; kepazh, head]. Pertaining to or affected with hydrocephalus. H. Cry, the shriek of pain of the hydrocephalic child during the exacerbations. Hydrocephalitis (hi-dro-seſ-a/-ä’-tis). See Hydrenceph- alitis. - Hydrocephalocele (hi-dro-sef’-al-o-sel) [šéop, water; kepahá, head; Khàm, a tumor]. Congenital hydro- cephalus in which the encephalon protrudes through the ununited or undeveloped cranial wall. Hydrocephaloid (hi-dro-sef’-al-oid) [šéop, water; kepañff, head ; eiðoç, form]. Pertaining to or resem- bling hydrocephalus. H. Disease, Marshall Hall's Disease; a disease resembling hydrocephalus, some- times observed in poorly-nourished infants just after weaning. It is a condition of nervous exhaustion, generally coming on after a prolonged illness, or fol- lowing premature weaning. There is a stage of irrita- bility and one of torpor. The pulse is irregular, the fontanel flaccid and hollow, and there is no, or but slight, tendency to vomiting. Stimulants and tonics arrest the progress of the condition. Hydrocephalus (hi-dro-sef’-al-us) [ióop, water; ke- pa2%, head]. A collection of fluid in the cerebral ventricles (internal hydrocephalus) or outside the brain- substance (external hydrocephalus), preventing closure of the fontanels and causing enlargement of the skull. The head may measure as much as thirty inches in cir- cumference. Wormian bones develop in the sutures and fontanels; the eyeballs are rendered prominent and at the same time their axes are depressed. Often there is aretardation of the mental development, and the patient usually dies within a few years. An acute hydrocephalus occurs in meningeal inflammation. The chronic form is congenital or infantile. Hydrochinone (hi-dro-ki/-nón) [56op, water; quinone], C.H.O.. A substance existing in urine as an ethereal compound with H,SO, ; it is largely the cause of the dark color that this excretion assumes after the ab- sorption of phenol on exposure to the air. Hydrochlorate (hi-dro-Alo/-rat) [ióop, water; 126pog, green]. Any salt or compound of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric Acid (hi-dro-klo'-rić). See Acid, Hy- drochloric, Hydrochlorid (hi-dro-chlo’-rid) [ióop, water; 2%poç, green]. Same as Hydrochlorate. See Hydropericar- 583 HYDRODIURESIS Hydrocholecystis (hi-dro-Ao-le-sis/-tis) [üöop, water ; 20%, bile; küorig, bladder]. Dropsy of the gall- bladder. Hydrocinnamic Acid (hi-dro-sin-am/-ić). See Acid. Hydrocirsocele (hi-dro-sir/-so-sel) [06op, water; Kapodſ, venous enlargement; ká%m, tumor]. Hydrocele ac- companied with varicose veins of the spermatic cord. Hydrocoelia (hid-ro-se/-le-ah). See Hydrocelia. Hydrocoeroulignone (hi - dro -se-ru-/*g/-nón) [ićap, water; coºruleus, blue; lignum, wood],CisłłigOs. A divalent phenol, crystallizing from alcohol and glacial acetic acid in colorless leaflets, and melting at 190° C. Hydrocollidin (hi-dro-ko/-id-in) ſióop, water; kó22a, º A highly poisonous ptomaine-base, so named by Gautier and Etard, and declared by them to be identical with the hydrocollidin obtained by Cahours and Etard from the action of selenium on nicotin. Nencki, on the other hand, asserted its identity with a base (collidin) isolated by him in 1876, to which he had ascribed the formula CsPIn N. The formula of Gautier and Etard's hydrocollidin is CsPIs N. This ptomaine was obtained from chloroformic extracts, from putrefying mackerel, and putrefying horse-flesh and ox-flesh. The free base is an almost colorless, alkaline, oily fluid, having a strong, penetrating odor like syringa. So small a dose as O.OOI7 gram of the hydrochlorid, injected into birds, produced dizziness, paralysis, and death. The pupils remain normal, and the heart stops in diastole. Hydrocolpocele (hi-dro-ko/-ſo-sé!) [ööop, water; kóżTog, vagina ; Kºźm, tumor]. A serous tumor of the vagina. Hydrocotarnin (hi-dro-AEo-tar/-min) [56op, water ; co- tarnin], C12His NO3 + 3% H2O. A crystalline alkaloid occurring in small amount in opium. It melts at 50° C., and is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloro- form. Hidrocotoin (hid-ro-Ao’-to-in) [56op, water; Sp., cofo, a cubit], CisłII.O.. An alkaloid of coto-bark, occur- ring in yellowish crystals without taste. Hydrocotyle (hi-dro-kot/-iſ-e) [ióop, water; Korū%m, a cup]. Pennywort; a genus of umbelliferous herbs. The leaves of H. asiatica serve as a bitter tonic and alterative, and are very serviceable in skin-diseases, syphilitic sores, and leprosy. H. centella, of S. Africa, H. umbellata, of America, and H. vulgaris, of Europe, have been employed in medicine, but their properties are little known. H. bonariasis, of S. America, is diuretic. All unof. Hydrocrania (hid-ro-Ara/-ne-ah). cephalus. Hydrocyanic (hi-dro-se-an/-ić). Acid, Hydrocyanic. Hydrocyst (hi'-dro-sist) [ióop, water; ki.org, blad- der]. A cyst containing a water-like liquid. Some- times it is synonymous with hydatid. In biology, Huxley’s name for singular organs found in certain of the Hydrozoa (especially the Physophorida). They are pyriform sacs of ectoderm and endoderm, closed at their distal ends, but in free communication with the somatic cavity at their proximal ends; they are ar- rested polypites in which the mouth has never become developed. . Hydroderma (hi-dro-der/-mah) [idop, water; 6&pua, skin]. Dropsy of the skin. Hydrodictyotomy (hi-dro-dić-te-of/-o-ºne) [ióop, water; Öikrvov, net; touff, section]. Surgical incision of the retina for the relief of edema. Hydrodiuresis (hi-dro-di-u-re/-sis) [ióop, water; 6tá, through ; otpéetv, to make water]. A copious flow of watery urine. Same as Hydro- See Cyanogen, and HYDRO-ELECTRIC Hydro-electric (hi-dro-e-lek/-trik) [ióop, water; jãek- Tpov, electricity]. Pertaining to electricity developed by the physical action of fluids or in connection with water. H. Bath, a bath in which the metallic lining of the tub is connected with one pole of a battery, the other being in contact with the person of the patient. Hydrofluoric Acid (hi-dro-ſu-or/-ić). See Acid. Hydrogaster (hi-dro-gas/-ter). Synonym of Ascites. Hydrogen (hi/-dro-jen) [idop, water; Yevvāv, to pro- duce], H = I. Quantivalence I. A gaseous element, one liter of which weighs .O896 gram. It is feebly basic and occurs in nature combined with oxy- gen in the form of water H2O. It has been liquefied at a temperature of —286°F. under a tension of 650 atmospheres—a pressure of about 4.7 tons per square inch. In combination with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, it forms a multitude of radicles formerly known as “organic” compounds, but now often syn- thetically formed. It is used largely in the qualitative determination of arsenic and antimony, and for com- bustion with oxygen to produce intense heat. It has also been used by inhalation in pulmonary tuber- culosis. See Elements, Table of H. peroxid, or dioxid, an unstable compound having the composition H.O. It is a powerful antiseptic and germicide, and is used as a disinfectant in diphtheria, glandular swellings and suppurative inflammations, and as an antispasmodic to relieve the paroxysms of whooping- cough. It is the basis of most hair-bleaching solu- tions. Dose 3 SS—ij. Unof. H. d., Aqua, solution of hydrogen dioxid; contains 3 per cent. by weight of the pure dioxid. H. sulphid. See Acid Hydrosulphuric. Hydrogenesis (hi-dro-jen/-es-is) [šéop, water; yewvāv, to produce; pl. Hydrogeneses]. I. The collection or formation of a watery fluid. 2. Any disease in which there is a predominance or degeneration of mucous secretion, fat, bile, or milk. Hydrohematocele (hi-dro-hem/-at-o-sel) [ščop, water; alua, blood; Khºm, tumor]. Hematocele associated with hydrocele. Hydrohemia (hi-dro-hem/-e-ah). Same as Hydremia. Hydrohemostat (hi-dro-hem/-o-stat) [06ap, water; alua, blood; otatóc, stopped]. A device for stopping hemorrhage by means of hydrostatic pressure. Hydrohemothorax (hi-dro-hem-o-tho'-ražs) [56op, water; alpa, blood; 6%paš, thorax]. An effusion of hemorrhagic fluid into the pleural cavity. Hydrohymenitis (hi-dro-hi-men-i/-tis). mzenitis. Hydrohystera (hi-dro-his/-ter-ah). See Hydrometra. Hydroid (hi/-droid) [960p, water; eiðoç, form]. I. Like water. 2. Living in water. Hydrolactometer (hi-dro-Zak-tom/-et-er) [60p, water; Zac, milk; ſuétpov, measure]. An instrument used in estimating the percentage of water in any given sam- ple of milk. Hydrolatum (hi-dro-la/-tum) [öðap, water: gem., Hy- drolati, pl., Hydrolata]. A medicated water. Hydroléin (hi-dro/-e-in) [idop, water; oleum, oil]. A proprietary remedy consisting of an emulsion of cod- liver oil with pancreatin and borax. Hydrology (hi-dro/-o-je) [idop, water; 26 yog, sci- ence]. A treatise on the nature and uses of water. Hydrolymph (hi/-dro-limſ) [900p, water; Ampha, water]. A term applied to the blood of certain ani- mals which is composed largely of the salt or fresh water in which they live, and containing a small amount of corpuscular elements. Hydrolyst (hi/-dro-list) [üóop, water; Solving]. A substance that, like sulphuric acid, diastase, emulsin, etc., induces hydrolysis; an hydrolytic agent. See Hydry- Wüoug, dis- 584 HYDRONAPHTHYLAMIN Hydrolyte (hi/-dro-lit) [.æðap, water; Wüoug, dissolving]. The substance hydrolyzed. Hydrolytic (hi-dro-lit"-ik) [šéop, water; Wietv, to dis- solve]. Pertaining to the decomposition of water, or the liberation of water during a chemic reaction. H. Ferments, those causing a combination with the ele- ments of water in the substances they decompose. Hydroma (hi-dro'-mah) [iópoua, ióop, water; Śua, a tumor; pl., Hydromata). A tumor containing water. A cyst or sac filled with water or serous fluid. Also, an edematous swelling. Also, the cystic dilata- tion of a lymphatic of the neck. Hydromania (hi-dro-ma/-ne-ah) [56ap, water; uavia, madness]. I. Intense or maddening thirst. 2. Ma- nia with desire for suicide by drowning. Hydromel (hi/-dro-mel) [idop, water; ué%t, honey]. A fermented mixture of honey and water, whether medi- cated or not; a kind of mead or metheglin. Hydromeningitis (hi-dro-men-in-ji/-tis) [šéop, water; piñvtyś, a membrane; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the membranes of the brain or cord, ac- companied by effusion of watery fluid. Hydromeningocele (hi-dro-men-in/-go-sel) [ióop, water; uſivtyś, membrane; K%m, a tumor]. A cystic tumor of the meninges, protruding through the skull. Also, a cystic tumor in the arachnoid cavity or in the continuation of the subarachnoid space. ' Hydrometer (hi-drom/-et-er) [960p, water; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining the specific gravity of liquids or solutions containing water. Hydrometra (hi-dro-me/-trah). [idop, water; uńrpa, the womb). A collection of water or mucus in the womb. It may result from congenital atresia in in- fants, but usually follows an endometritis with stenosis of the cervix. - Hydrometrectasia (hi-dro-me-trek-ta/-ze-ah) [ióop, water; piñtpa, womb ; Škraotg, a stretching out]. Hydrometra causing distention of the uterus. Hydromicrencephalia (hi-dro-mi-Aren-seſ-a/-le-ah) or Hydromicrencephaly (hi-dro - mi-Aren -seſ/ -a/-e) [öðop, water; utkpóg, small : éyképañog, the brain]. Micrencephaly leading to, or complicated by, a serous effusion within the cranial cavity. - Hydromphalocele (Ai-drom-ſa/-0-sel) [ióop, water; ðpºpažóg, navel; khām, hernia]. Cystic tumor in the sac of an umbilical hernia. - Hydromphalus (hi-drom/-fal-us) [900p, water; buſha- Żóg, navel]. A tumor at the navel distended with water. It may arise either from ascites or umbilical hernia. Hydromyelia (hi-dro-mi-e'-le-ah) or Hydromyelus (hi-dro-mi/-el-us) [šéop, water; plve?6ç, marrow]. Dilatation of the central canal of the spinal cord with an accumulation of fluid. It may be moderate Or extreme. Hydromyelitis (hi-dro-mi-el-i/-tis) [56,op, water; uve- Żóg, marrow ; utic, inflammation]. Same as Hydror- 7%ach is interna. Hydromyringa, or Hydromyrinx (hi-dro-mir-in/-gah or hi-dro-mi'-rinks) [60p, water; myrinx, the tym- panic membrane]. I. The distention of the mem- brana tympani with water effused within its substance. 2. Less correctly, the same as Hydrotympanuma. Hydronaphthol (hi-dro-naſ/-thol) [idop, water; vápffa, asphalt]. A proprietary preparation recommended as an odorless, non-poisonous, and non-corrosive antisep- tic. It is regarded by some as identical with beta- naphthol. Dose gr. ii-v. Unof. - Hydronaphthylamin (hi-dro-maſ-thiſ'-am-in) [5dap, water; vápta, asphalt; amin], Clo H. H. NH2. A compound, called also tetrahydrobetanaphthylamin; a solution of I to 5 per cent., whether used topically HYDRONCUS or hypodermatically, causes great dilatation of the upil. Hºnous (hi-drong/-kus) [idop, water; 6ykoç, mass]. A distention or swelling caused by an accumulation of water. See, also, AEdema and Anasarca. Hydronephrosis (hi-dro-meſºro’-sis) [ióop, water ; veppóg, kidney]. A collection of urine in the pelvis of the kidney from obstructed outflow. The obstruction may be caused by an impacted calculus, a stenosed ureter, congenital deformities, or new-growths. The cyst may vary in size, being either very small or enormous. Hydronephrosis is marked clinically by the presence of a tumor in the renal region, soft and fluctuating, and usually painless. H., Intermittent, one in which there is from time to time the occurrence of a free discharge of urine, with diminution in the size of the renal tumor; ordinarily the retention is the result of twisting or kinking of a ureter. Hydronephrotic (hi-dro-meſ-rot/-ić) [ööop, water; veg- póg, kidney]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, hydronephrosis. Hydronosos (hi-dron/-o-sus) [ióop, water; v6oog, dis- ease]. A disease attended with dropsy. Hydroparesis (hi-dro-par/-es-is) [56op, water; Táp- equg, paralysis]. A paretic affection characterized by watery effusions, such as are seen in beriberi. Hydropathy (hi-drop/-ath-e) [ü6op, water; Táffog, dis- ease]. The treatment of diseases by the use of water, externally and internally. Hydropedesis (hi-dro-ped-e'-sis). See Hidropedesis. Hydropericarditis (hi-dro-per-ić-ar-d:/-tis) [i.6.2p, water; Trept, around; Kapòia, heart; attg, inflamma- tion]. Pericarditis accompanied by serous effusion into the pericardium. Hydropericardium (hi-dro-per-ik-ar/-de-um) [üóop, water; trepi, around; Kapóía, heart]. A collection of water within the pericardium. It may be active, passive, or mechanical, but is generally the result of kidney-disease, valvular lesions of the heart, or chronic affections of the lungs. . - Hydroperididymia (hi-dro-per-e-did-im/-e-ah) [56op, water; Trept, around; Ötövuoc, testicle]. Hydrocele. Hydroperitoneum (hi-dro-per-it-on-e'-um). See As- cites. - Hydrophallus (hi-dro-ſa/-us) [56op, water; paž%g, penis]. A dropsical swelling of the penis. Hydrophilous (hi-droff’-i/-us) [ióop, water; ºthog, loving]. In biology, applied to plants that are fertil- ized through the agency of water. - - Hydrophlegmasia (hi-dro-ſieg-ma/-ze-ah) [56,op, water; @Weyplagia, inflammation]. Any phlegmasia or inflam- mation characterized by serous effusion. Hydrophobe (hiſ-dro-fô%) [idop, water; pé80ſ, fear]. A person who is affected with rabies. . Hydrophobia (hi-dro-fo/-be-ah) [üdop, water; £680g, dread]. A symptom of rabies in man, consisting in fear of, or inability to swallow, water. The term is used commonly as a synonym of A'abies, and particu- larly of the disease in man. H., Pseudo-. See Pseudo-hydrophobia. - . . Hydrophobic (hi-dro-fo'-bik) [ióop, water ; pó60ſ, dread]. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, hy- drophobia. H. Tetanus. See A off-tetanus. Hydrophobophobia (hi-dro-fo-bo-fo/-be-ah) [idop, water; $680g, fear]. A morbid and intense dread of hydrophobia. Hydrophone (hi'-dro-fin) [šéop, water; pová, the voice]. An instrument used in auscultatory percus- sion, the sound being conveyed to the ear through a column of water. Hydrophthalmia (hi-droff-tha/-me-ah) [56,op, water; ôpôažuóg, eye]. An increase in the fluid contents of 585 § HYDROPYOSALPINX the eye, resulting in glaucoma, Aeratoglobus, staphyl- oma, etc. Hydrophthalmos (hi-droff-tha/-mos). globus. Hydrophyllium (hi-dro-fi/-e-um) [ööop, water; pižov, leaf J. In biology, one of the protective envelops of the nutritive zoöids in a colony of hydrozoa. Hydrophyr (hi/-dro-fer) [560p, water]. Brücke's name for a variety of peptone insoluble in alcohol. See Peptone. Hydrophysocele (hi-dro-fi/-zo-sel) [96op, water; piloa, air; kážm, tumor]. Hernia containing both serous fluid and a gas. Hydrophysometra (hi-droºft-zo-me/-trah) [idop, water; Øijoa, wind; affTpa, womb). An abnormal collection of water, or other fluid, and gas, in the womb. Hydrophyton (hi-droff’-it-on) [ü6ap, water; ©vröv, a plant: pl., Hydrophyta.J. In biology, the branching structure furnishing support to a colony of hydrozoa. See Aerato- Hydropic (hi-drop/-ä) [ü6portkóg, dropsical]. Per- taining to dropsy. - Hydropica (hi-drop/-ik-ah) [ióportkóg, dropsical]. Medicines useful in dropsy; especially diuretic reme- dies. Hydroplanula (hi-dro-plan/-u-lah) [hydra, a genus of hydrozoans; planula, a stage of the embryo). In biology, an embryo hydrozoan between the planula and the tentaculated actinula. Hydroplasm (hi/-dro-plazm) [ööop, water; Tââoua, plasma]. A fluid constituent of protoplasm, or of any plasma. Hydropneumatosis (hi-dro-nu-mat-o’-sis) [560p,water; TrvevuáTootg, inflation]. An abnormal or morbid col- lection of water, or other fluid, and air, within any of the tissues of the body. See, also, Hydropneumonia. Hydropneumonia (hi-dro-nu-mo/-ne-ah) [üéop, water; Tveigov, the lung]. A disease thought to consist of a serous infiltration into the lung; pulmonary edema; also, an effusion within the pleura sometimes accom- panying pneumonia. Hydropneumopericardium (hi-dro-nu-mo-per-ik-ar/- de-um) [üdop, water; Tveipua, air; Tepakápótov, pericar- dium]. A morbid collection of air and water within the pericardium. It causes the clacking sound com- monly known as the “water-wheel ” sound. Hydropneumothorax (hi-dro-nu-mo-tho’-ražs) [ióop, water; Tveijua, air; 6ópaš, thorax]. Air (or gas) and water (or serous effusion) in the pleural cavity. Hydropolyp (hi-dro-pol/-ip) [ööop, water; Tožírovº, polypl. In biology, a hydroid polyp ; a nutritive zoöid of a hydrozoan colony. Hydrops (hi/-drops) [iópop, dropsy]. Dropsy; an ab- normal collection of fluid in a cavity or part of the body. See Anasarca. H. articuli, a watery effusion into the synovial cavity of a joint. H. cerebri, hydro- cephalus. H. fibrinosus, effusion into a joint, with fibrinous deposits. H. oculi. Same as Hydrophthalmia. H. paralyticus, that in paralyzed parts. H. renalis. See Hydronephrosis. H. spu- rius, from obstruction of the natural outlet of a secret- ing organ. H. tubae. Same as Hydrosalpinx, g. v. H. tubarum. See Aydrosalpinx. H., Tuberculous, a copious effusion into a joint from tuberculous affection of the synovial membrane. H. vesicae felleae, dropsy of the gall-bladder. Hydroptic (hi-drop/-tić). Same as Hydropic. Hydropyopneumothorax (hi-dro-pi-o-nu-mo-thoſ-raks) [ü6op, water; Tüov,pus; Tveijua,air; 6%paş,chest]. Hy. dropneumothorax, associated with the presence of pus. Hydropy.osalpinx (hi-dro-pî-o-sa/~pingás) [56op,water; Tôov, pus; oã%tlyś, tube]. An accumulation of water and pus in an oviduct. HYDROPYRETIC 586 Hydropyretic (hi-dro-pi-ret/-ä) [ööop, water; Trvpetóg, heat]. Pertaining to, or affected with, hydropyretos. Hydropyretos (hi-dro-pir/-et-os) [56,op, water; Trvperóg, heat]. Sweating fever. - Hydroquinin (hi-dro-AEwin/-in) [šéop, water; quina, Peruvian bark], Cooliºs N.O.. An alkaloid obtained from cinchona, said to be an admirable antipyretic. Unof. Hydroquinone (hi-dro-AEwin/-on) [ióop, water; quina, Peruvian bark], CaFISO. Quinol, a divalent phenol that results on boiling arbutin with dilute H,SO, or from the oxidation of anilin. It crystallizes in mono- clinic leaflets and hexagonal prisms, that melt at 169° C. It is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and is valuable as an antipyretic, without producing injurious after-effects; it is also used as an antiseptic. Dose gr. xv-xx, Unof. - Hydrorhiza (hi-dro-ri/-zah) [060p, water; biſa, root]. In biology, the disc of attachment of a Hydra or the homologous organs in other Hydrozoa. Hydrorrhachiocentesis (hi-dror-ak-e-o-sen-te/-sis) [üóop, water; báxug, spine; Kévrmouc, puncture]. Punc- ture of the spinal meninges in the treatment of hy- drorrhachis. Hydrorrhachis (hi-dror/-ak-is) [üóop, water; héxic, spine]. Dropsical effusion within the vertebral canal. H. interna, Syringomyelia, g. v. Hydrorrhachitis (hi-dror-ak-i/-tis) [üóop, water; báxic, spine; trug, inflammation]. Hydrorrhachis with in- flammation. See Spina bifida. Hydrorrhea (hi-dror-e'-ah) [šéop, water; bota, flow]. A flow of water. H. gravidarum, a condition oc- curring occasionally in the pregnant woman, in which there is a periodic discharge from the uterus of thin mucus that accumulates as a result of hypertrophy of the uterine glands with excessive secretion. Hydrosadenitis (hi-dros-ad-en-i/-tis) [900p, water; ã6#v, gland; trig, inflammation]. See Hidrosad- emitis. H. phlegmonosa, a furunculus beginning in a sweat-coil. It is also called Aydrademitis destru- ens suppurativa (Politzer), Acmitis (Barthélemy), and Aolliculitis exulcerams (Lukasiewicz). Hydrosalpinx (hi-dro-sa/-pinks)[ööop, water; a 6%trayå, trumpet]. A distention of the Fallopian tube with a fluid substance, and its obstruction at the fimbriated extremity, caused by inflammation. It is frequently a result of gonorrhea. Hydrosarca (hi-dro-sar/-kah). See Anasarca. Hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar/-ko-sel) [ióop, water; oëpš, flesh; khºm, hernia]. Sarcocele with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis testis, or with true hydrocele. Hydroscheocele (hi-drosſ-Åe-o-sel) [90op,water; boxéov, scrotum ; ká%m, a tumor]. Dropsical hernia of the SCrOtum. Hydrosoma (hi-dro-so'-mah) [šéop, water; adua, body: p/., Hydrosomata]. In biology, the entire double- walled body of a hydrozoön. Hydrospermatocyst (hi-dro-sper/-mat-o-sist) [idop, water; otépua, seed; küotag, cyst]. A hydrocele whose fluid contains spermatozoa. Hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sſig/-mo-graf) [üóop, water; opvyuág, pulse; Ypáſpelv, to write]. A sphyg- mographic apparatus, in which the registering device is actuated by the fluctuations of a body of water. Hydrostatic, or Hydrostatics (hi-dro-stat/-ik, or -īās) [öðap, water; oratikſ, standing]. The science treat- ing of the conditions and properties of liquids in a state of equilibrium. H. Test. See Birth. Hydrostomia (hi-dro-sto/-me-ah) [ščap, water; otóga, mouth]. Excessive excretion of water from the mouth. Hydrosudopathy (hi-dro-su-dop/-ath-e) [56ap, water; sudor, sweat; träffog, disease]. The treatment of dis- HYDROZOöN ease by sweating and the use of water internally or externally, or both. Hydrosulphuric acid (hi-dro-sul-ſu/-rić). See Acid, Hydrotheca (hi-dro-the-kah) [šéop, water; thiſm, a case: pl., Hydrothecae]. In biology, a polyp-cell; the cuticular investment of a hydroid polyp, forming a cup-like receptacle allowing the protrusion of the distal moiety of the polypite. Hydrotherapeutics (hi-dro-ther-ap-u/-tiâs) [ščap, wa- ter; 6epatetetv, to heal]. That part of balneology treating of the hygienic use of water, and of its thera- peutic application to the body. See,also, Bath and Aqua. Hydrotherapy (hi-dro-ther'-ap-e). See Hydrotherapeu- tics. Hydrothion (hi-dro-thi'-on) [06ap, water; beiov, sul- phur]. Hydrogen sulphid. Hydrothionammonemia (hi-dro-thi - on - am -o-me/- me-a/a) [ióop, water; 6elov, sulphur; ammonia, ammonia; alua, blood]. The presence of hydro- sulphid of ammonium in the blood. Hydrothionemia (hi-dro-thi-on-e/-me-ah) [šéop, water; 6elov, sulphur; alpa, blood]. The presence of hy- drogen sulphid in the blood; also, the train of mor- bid symptoms resulting therefrom. Hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-on-u/-re-ah) [56op, water; 6elov, sulphur; oipov, urine]. Hydrogen sulphid in the urine. Hydrothoracic (hi-dro-tho-ra/-sié) [06ap, water; 6%paš, thorax]. Pertaining to hydrothorax. Hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho’-ražs) [900p, water; 6%paš, chest]. A non-inflammatory dropsy of the pleura, usually involving both sacs. H. purulentus. Syn- onym of Empyema. Hydrotis (hi-dro/-tis) [06ap, water; oig, ear]. of, or effusion into, the ear. - Hydrotomy (hi-drot/-o-me) [šéop, water; tāuvelv, to cut]. A method of dissecting certain tissues by the forcible injection of water into the arteries and capil- laries, whereby the structures are separated. Hydrotropism (hi-drot/-ro-pizm) [5dap, water; TpóTog, a turn]. In biology, that state of a growing plant or organ which causes it to turn either away from, or toward, moisture. Hydrotympanum (hi-dro-tim/-pan-um) [öðop, water; tympanum, the ear-drum]. Dropsical effusion into the cavity of the middle ear. Hydrovarium (hi-dro-va/-re-um) [öðap, water; ova- rium, ovary]. Ovarian dropsy, or cystoma. Hydroxid (hi-drożs/-īd) [idop, water; &#vç, sharp]. A metallic or basic radicle combined with one or more hydroxyl groups. Hydroxids may be regarded as formed from water (HOH) by the substitution for one of its hydrogen atoms of a metal or basic radicle. Hydroxyl (hi-droſés/-īl) [Ö600, water; 65vg, sharp]. A compound radicle, OH, that has never been iso- lated, but which is a factor in a vast number of chemic compounds. Thus, the oxygen bases are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl with electropositive atoms or radicles, e.g., sodium hydroxid, NaOH. Water may be regarded as hydroxyl hydrid, HOH. Hydroxylamin (hi-droßs-i/-am-in) [ü0op, water; 6:vg, sharp; amin]. A basic substance (NOHA) known only in solution in water or in combination with acids. It is prepared by passing nitric-oxid gas through a solution containing nascent hydrogen. The aqueous solution is colorless and odorless, with a strong alka- line reaction. Hydroxylamin hydrochlorid is recom- mended as a good substitute for chrysarobin in the treatment of skin-diseases. Hydrozoön (hi-dro-zo/-on) [idop, water; £ºov, an ani- mal]. A cnidarian of the sub-class Hydrozoa, contain- ing the orders Hydridae, Hydromedusae, Siphomophora. Dropsy HYDRURESIS Hydruresis (hi-dru-re/-sis) [idop, water; otpmotc, oipov, urine]. The passage of a relatively large proportion of water in the urine. Hydruria (hi-dru/-re-ah) [idop, water; oipov, urine]. Excessive excretion of water by the kidneys, with or without decrease in the amount of the solid constit- uents of the urine. The urine is pale, limpid, and of low specific gravity. The amount of water discharged in the twenty-four hours is enormously increased. The condition occurs most frequently in men, usually under twenty years of age. Hydrurilic Acid (hi-dru-riſ/-i}). See Acid. Hydrymenitis (hi-dri-men-i/-tis) [idop, water; ipfiv, membrane ; trug, inflammation]. Any inflammation of a serous membrane or surface. Hygeia (hi-je/-ah), or Hygieia (hi-je-i/-ah) [üyieta, health]. The state or condition of health. Hygiene (hiſ-je-en) ['iyuetvóg, good for the health]. The science that treats of the laws of health in its broadest sense. Hygienic (hi-je-en/-ić) [üytetvóg, good for the health]. Pertaining to health, or its maintenance. H.Vinegar, a vinegar composed of oils of clove and lavender, each 4.O; oil of marjoram, 2.O; oil of benzoes, 50.O; spir- itus vini, 500; concentrated acetic acid, IOOO. Hygienist (hi-je-en/-ist) ['iyieta, health]. One who is a student of, or an expert in, hygiene. Hygieology (hi-je-o/-o-je) [byteta, health ; A6).og, rela- tion]. The science of health ; hygiene. Hygrechema (hi-grek-e'-mah) ['iypóg, moist; #xmua, sound: pl., Hºgrechemata). The peculiar sound produced by a liquid, as heard upon mediate or im- mediate auscultation. Hygrin (hi/-grin) [iypóg, moist; from its liquid form], C12His N. A liquid, oily alkaloid, derived from coca (7. v). It has the power of strongly dilating the pupil, but has no anesthetic properties. Hygrinic (hi-grin/-i}) [üypóg, moist]. Pertaining to, or composed of, hygrin. H. Ether, a substance of uncertain composition, said to have mydriatic proper- ties. Unof. Hygro- (hi/-gro-) [üypóg, moist]. A prefix denoting moist or wet. Hygroblepharic (hi-gro-bleſ/-ar-ić) [üypóg, moist; 3%épapov, eyelid]. Serving to moisten the eyelid, as a hygroblepharic duct. Hygrocele (hi/-gro-se!) ['iypóg, moist; Khºm, a tumor]. Same as Hydrocele. Hygrodermia (hi-gro-der/-me-ah) [üypóg, moist; 6ápua, skin']. An edematous non-inflammatory skin-affec- tion. Hygrology (hi-gro/-oje) [üypóg, moist; Aóyog, science]. The science of the fluids, or so-called humors, of the body. Hygroma (hi-gro/-mah) [üypóg, moist; 6pua, tumor: pl. , Hygromatal. A serous bursa or cyst. Hygromatous (hi-gro'-mat-us) ['iypóg, moist; āua, tumor]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, a hygroma. Hygrometer (hi-grom/-et-er) [iypóg, moist; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for determining quantita- tively the amount of moisture in the air. This amount, constantly varying, is expressed in terms of the per- centage required to saturate the air at the particular temperature observed. Hygrometric (hi-gro-met/-rić) [iypóg, moist; uérpov, measure J. I. Pertaining to hygrometry, or the quantitative determination of atmospheric moisture. 2. Readily absorbing water, as a hygrometric salt; hygroscopic. Hygrometry (hi-grom/-et-re) [iypóg, moist; uérpov, measure]. The measurement of the moisture of the air. Hygrophanous (hi-groſ’-an-us) ['iypóg, moist; pávng, 587 HYMENOMALACIA show]. In biology, applied to such plant-structures as are transparent when wet, but opaque when dry. Hygrophila (hi-groſ/-il-ah) [typóg, moist; pizoc, lov- ing]. A genus of dicotyledonous gamopetalous plants. H. spinosa, is a shrub used in Ceylon and India as a diuretic in dropsy. Unof. Hygrophobia (hi-gro-fo/-de-a/.) [iypóg, moist; påſłoſ, fear]. Insane dislike of water or of moisture. Hygroplasm, or Hygroplasma (hi/-gro-plazm or hi-gro- plaz/-mah) ['iypóg, moist; Tháopia, anything formed]. In biology, the fluid part of protoplasm (Nägeli). Cf. Stereoplasma. Hygroscope (hi/-gro-séâp) [iypóg, moist; akoTeiv, to inspect]. An instrument that indicates variations in the moisture of the air. Hygroscopic (hi-gro-séop/-ä) ['iypóg, moist ; akoteiv, to see]. Having the property of absorbing moisture from the air. Hygroscopy (hi-grosſ-Éo-pe) ['iypóg, moist; akoteiv, to view]. Same as Hygrometry. Hylogenesis (hi-lo-jen/-es-is) [5%m, matter; yévêque, formation]. The formation of matter. Hylogeny (hi-loſ’-en-e). Same as Hylogenesis. Hylopathism (hi-lop/-ath-izm) [5%m, matter; Táffoc, disease]. Any disease arising from defect or disor- der of the body-substance. Hylophagous (hi-loff’-ag-us) [5%m, wood; payeiv, to eat]. In biology, applied to certain animals that feed upon wood. Hymen (hiſ-men) [ipińv, membrane]. The fold of mucous membrane at the vaginal entrance. H., Im- perforate, a congenital abnormality, the hymen not having an opening, and thus closing the vaginal outlet or inlet. H., Forms of: I. Biſemestrate, or hymen biforis, with two openings. 2. Bilobate, with two lobes. 3. Circular, with a small foramen. 4. Cribriform, with many holes. 5. Denticular, with a serrate edge. 6. Double (rare). 7. Fimbriate, with fringed edges. 8. Horseshoe, with its convexity downward. 9. Imperforate. Io. AVormal. II. Semilunar, same as Io, or normal. I2. Ayºzen septus, divided across by a slit. I3. Hymen sub- septus, covering only the anterior and posterior portions of the passage. Hymenal (hi-me/-mal) [iuńv, membrane]. Pertaining to the hymen. H. Tubercles. See Myrtiform Car- zancles. Hymenea (hi-men-e'-ah) [ipińv, membrane]. A ge- nus of leguminous trees. H. courbaril, locust-tree, indigenous to tropical America; is a good arterial sedative and astringent in hemoptysis, hematuria, dysentery, etc. Dose of the fluid extract gtt. x-xx. This tree and others of the genus afford copal and animé. Unof. Hymeniferous (hi-men-if”-er-us) [iuńv, membrane; ferre, to bear]. In biology, having a hymenium. Hymenitis (hi-men-i/-tis) [iuffy, membrane; tıç, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the hymen, or of any membranous structure. Hymenium (hi-me/-me-um) [iuéviov, dim, of ipińv, a membrane: pl., Hymenia]. In biology, the spore- bearing surface in fungi. Hymenocallis (hi-men-o-ka/-is) ſipºv, membrane]. A genus of amaryllidaceous plants. H. rotata, grows in the southern U. S. This and other species afford bulbs that may be substituted for squill. Unof. Hymenography (hi-men-og/-ra-ſe) [i.uffy, membrane; Ypáðelv, to write]. Same as Hymenology. Hymenology (hi-men-o/-0-ſe) [ipºv, membrane; 26 yog, science]. The science of the nature, structure, func- tions, and diseases of membranous tissue. Hymenomalacia (hi-men-o-mal-a/-se-a/) [ipump, mem- HYMENOMYCETES brane; uałakia, softness]. membranous tissues. Hymenomycetes (hi-men-o-mi-se/-tes) [ipińv, mem- brane ; uíkmg, fungus]. An order of fungi having a hymenium or umbrella. All the edible mush- rooms belong to this class. Hymenoptera (hi-men-off’-ter-ah) [ipuffy, membrane; Trepôv, wing]. An order of insects distinguished by two pairs of membranous wings. It includes ants, bees, wasps, ichneumons, flies, etc. Hymenopterous (hi-men-off’-ter-us) [ipińv, membrane; trepôv, wing]. In biology, applied to insects having membranous wings. Hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or/-a-ſe) [igáv, hymen; baſiſ, suture]. Closure, more or less complete, of the vagina by suture at the hymen. Hymenotome (hi-men/-o-tom) ſiphu, membrane; Tāu- velv, to cut]. A cutting instrument used in operations upon membranes. - Hymenotomy (hi-men-of/-o-me) [upºv, membrane; Téuvetv, to cut]. I. Surgical incision of the hymen. 2. Dissection or anatomy of membranes. - Hyo- (hi/-o-) [üoetóñc, hyoid]. A prefix denoting attachment to or connection with the hyoid bone. Hyoepiglottic (hi-o-ep-e-glot/-i}) [i.oetóñc, hyoid; Śtt- yżorrig, epiglottis]. Relating to the hyoid bone and the epiglottis. Hyoglossal (hi-o-glosſ-al) [i.oetóñc, hyoid; yºógoa, tongue]. Pertaining to the hyoglossus. Extending from the hyoid bone to the tongue. Hyoglossus (hi-o-glosſ-us). See Muscles, Table of Hyoid (hi’-oid) [boetóñc, similar to the Greek letter upsilon]. Having the form of the Greek letter upsilon. H. Bone, a bone situated between the root of the tongue and the larynx, Supporting the tongue and giving attachment to its muscles. See Bones, Table of H. Fossa. See Fossa. Hyoplastron (hi/-o-plas-tron). See Hyosternal. Hyoscin (hiſ-os-in) [bookūquoc, henbane], Cin HosNOs: A viscous liquid found in henbane; it is a good soporific and valuable mydriatic. Dose, rºo to gº of a grain. See Hyoscyamus. Hyoscyamin (hi-o-si/-am-èn) [i.ookūaplog, henbane], Crſ H,anOs. An alkaloid occurring in the seeds of Ayoscyamus miger, in Atropa belladonna, and in Datu- ra stramonium. It is isomeric with atropin, and identical with daturin and duboisin. It crystallizes in shining needles, and melts at IO3.5° C. It is a mydriatic, narcotic, and sedative. Dose, gr. Tºo, gradually and cautiously increased, even to I grain. See Hyoscyamus. - - Hyoscyamus (hi-o-si/-am-us) [ig, hog; kūaplog, bean]. Henbane. The older leaves of H. niger. It contains an alkaloid, hyoscyamin, isomeric with and similar to atropin; also, a derivative, hyoscin, C17H23NO3. It is an excellent narcotic, calmative, and hypnotic, less irritating than belladonna and stramonium, and is use- ful in mania and the delirium of fevers. Hyoscyamin is useful whenever atropin is indicated. It is a powerful An abnormal softening of but uncertain mydriatic. H., Abstract. Dose gr. iij-v. Unof. H., Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. ii–v. H., Ext., Alcoholic (of uncertain strength). Dose gr. j. H., Ext., Fld. Dose muv-xx. H., Succus (B. P.) Dose 3 SS—j. H., Tinct., I5 per cent. in strength. Dose 3.j-iv; as a hypnotic 3 SS—j. Hyoscyamin. sulph. (CºMº's NO3)N,SO4. Dose, hypodermatically, gr. rºw-ºs; by the mouth gr. 4.—j. Injectio hyos- cyamin hypodermicae. Strength I in I2O. Dose mj—iv. Hyoscin. hydrobrom. Unof. Dose, gr. r;n-sºº. Injectio hyoscin. hydrobromat. hypo- dermicae. A per cent. Dose muj-ij. Hyosternal (hi-o-ster/-mal) [i.oetó%g, hyoid; otépvov, 588 HYPERALGESIC sternum]. I. Relating to the hyoid bone and the sternum. 2. In biology, the second lateral piece of the plastron of a turtle; it is also called Hyoplastron. Hyp (hip) [itó, under]. A popular name for hypo- chondriasis, or persistent depression of spirits; hypo. Hypacousis, Hypacusia; Hypacusis, or Hypakusis É [üT6, under; ākovolc, hearing]. ardness of hearing from defect of the auditory nerve. Hypaesthesia (hip-es-the-ze-ah). See Hypesthesia. Hypalbuminosis (hip-al-bu-min-o’-sis) [intó, under; albumen]. Morbid diminution in the proportion of albumin in the blood. It is caused by anything that gives rise to an increased consumption of albumin on the part of the organism. Hypalgesia (hip-al-je’-ze-ah) [itó, under; &Wymouc painfulness]. Diminished sensitiveness to pain. - Hypalgia (hip-a/-je-ah) [i.T6, under; āWyog, pain]. Slight or moderate pain; diminished sensibility to pain. Hypalgic (hip-a/-jić) [üT6, under; &Ayoc, pain]. Slightly painful; experiencing slight pain. Hypanisognathism (hip-an-is-og/-nāth-izm) [inró, un- der; āvūoog, unequal, uneven; yuá60ſ, the jaw]. In biology, a lack of correspondence between the teeth of the opposite jaws. Cf. Amisognathism and Apanisognathism. - Hypanisognathous (hip-an-is-og/-na-thus) [itó, un- der; avio'oc, unequal, uneven ; Yvá60¢, the jaw]. In biology, having the upper teeth broader than the lower. Hypanthium (hip-an/-the-um) [üró, under; āv6oç, a flower: pl., Hypanthia]. In biology, an enlarged receptacle. Hypanthodium (hip-an-tho'-de-um [itó, under; āv- flog, a flower; eiðoç, form]. See Synconium. Hypapophysis (hip-ap-off’-is-is) [itró, under; atóp- [votç, apophysis: pl., Hypapophyses]. An anterior or ventral apophysis from the centrum of a vertebra in the human skeleton; the atlas is held by some to have an hypophysis, which is blended with the ring of that vertebra. - Hypapoplexia (hip-ap-o-pleks/-e-ah) [itró, under: ātro- TAm;ía, apoplexy]. A slight apoplexy. - Hypatonia (hip-at-o/-ne-ah) [i.Tó, under; ārovia, at- ony]. A slight amount of atony. - Hypemia (hip-e'-me-ah). See Hyphemia. Hyper- (hi'-per-) [itép, above]. A Greek prefix sig- nifying above, beyond, or excessive. Hyperacidity (hi-per-as-id/-it-e) [itrép, over; acidum, acid.]. Excess of acidity. . Hyperacousis, Hyperacusia, Hyperacusis, or Hy- perakusis (hi-per-ak-u/-sis, hi-per-ak-u/-ze-ah) [itép, over; &kovolc, hearing]. Morbid acuteness of the sense of hearing; auditory hyperesthesia. Also, a highly developed capability of the discernment of pitch and timbre of musical sounds. Hyperactivity (hi-per-ak-tiv/-it-e) [itép, over; agere, to do]. Excessive or abnormal activity. Hyperadenosis (hi-per-ad-en-o’-sis) [itép, over; défiv, gland; v6oog, disease]. Enlargement of the lymph- glands; Hodgkin’s disease. Hyperaemia (hi-per-e-me-ah). Hyperaesthesia (hi-per-es-the-ze-ah). See Hyperemia. See Aſperesthe- S2&. Hyperakusis (hi-per-ak-u/-sis). See Hyperacousis. Hyperalbuminosis (hi-per-al-bu-min-o’-sis) [itép, over; albumen, albumin]. An increase in the amount of albumin in the blood, which may be either relative or absolute. It is often due to the excessive ingestion of albuminous food, with insufficient exercise. Hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je/-ze-a/.) [itép, over; &Wyn- alſ, pain]. Excessive sensibility to pain. Hyperalgesic (hi-per-al-je/-zik) [itép, over; &Wymouc, pain]. Exhibiting or appertaining to hyperalgesia. HYPERALGIA Hyperalgia (hi-per-a/-je-ah) [itrép, over ; &Aymatc, pain]. Excessive pain. H., Acoustic, excessive hyperakusis. - Hyperalonemia (hi-per-al-on-e'-me-ah) ſitép, over; ã%g, salt; alpa, blood]. Excess of blood-salts. Hyperamnesia (hi-per-am-ne/-ze-ah). See Hyperm- %&S2&. - * * Hyperanabolism (hi-per-an-ab/-o-lizm) [itép, over; âvaſ?áWAetv, to build up]. Hypertrophy or excess of construction of a tissue or part. Hyperanthraxis (hi-per-an-thražs/-is). Synonym of Asiatic Cholera. - Hyperaphia (hi-per-a/-fe-ah) [itép, over; dºff, touch]. Excessive sensitiveness to touch. • Hyperaphrodisia (hi-per-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) ſitép, over; ãppoétoua, aphrodisia]. An over-strong venereal ap- petite. Hyperapophyseal (hi-per-ap-o-ft2'-e-a!) [itép, over; &tópvaag, apophysis]. Pertaining to a hyperapophy- SIS, Hyperapophysis (hi-per-ap-off’-is-is) [itép, over; &T6- Øvotç, : A process projecting backward from a neural spine. - Hyperarthritis (hi-per-arth-ri'-tis) [itép, over; apópov, joint; trug, inflammation]. Severe arthritis. Hyperasthenia (hi-per-as-the-ne-ah) [itép, over; ãotéveta, weakness]. Extreme weakness. Hyperauxesis (hi-per-awks-eſ-sis) [itép, over; aišnotc, increase]. Extreme increase in the size of a part. Hyperbolic (hi-per-bo/-ä) [itrép, over; 34%tiv, to throw]. Exaggerated. - Hyperbrachycephalic (hi-per-brak-e-seſ-a/-ä) [üTép, over; 3payúg, short; kepa?%, head]. Extremely brachycephalić. - Hyperbrachycephaly (hi-per-brać-e-sef’-a/-e) [itép, over; 3payúg, short; kejažň, head]. Extreme brachy- cephaly. . Hyperbulia (hi-per-bu’-le-ah) [itrép, over; 3ov%, will]. Exaggerated wilfulness or obstinacy; abnormal or in- sane development of will-power. - Hypercardia (hi-per-kar'-de-ah). [itép, over; Kapóta, the heart]. Cardiac hypertrophy. Hypercatabolism (hi-per-Āat-ab/-o-ſizm) [itép, over; Kará, down; 66%tv, to throw]. Wasting or excess of destruction of a tissue or part. Hypercatharsis (hi-per-kath-ar/-sis) [itép, over; ká6ap- otç, cleansing]. Excessive purging, or the result of too free use of cathartic medicines. - Hypercedemonia (hi-per-se-de-mo/-ne-ah) [itép, over; kmóeptovía, anxiety]. I. Extreme anxiety or grief. 2. Excessive care on the part of the physician. Hypercele (hi/-per-sel) [itép, over; Kotzia, belly]. The dorsal portion of the epicele. Hypercenosis (hi-per-sen-o’-sis) [itrép, over; Kévocac, evacuation]. Excessive evacuation, as by purging or bleeding. Hyperchlorhydria (hi-per-Ālor-hi/-dre-ah) [itép, over; 2% opóg, green; ióop, water; yewvāv, to form]. Ex- cess of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretion. Rossbach's Disease. See Diseases, Eponymic, Table of. Hypercholesteremia (hi-per-ko-les-fer-e'-me-ah) [i.Tép, over; 20%, bile ; otéap, fat; aipua, blood]. Excess of cholesterin in the blood. Hypercholia (hi-per-ko'-le-ah) [itép, over; x0%, bile]. An excessive secretion of bile. Hyperchroma (hi-per-Aro’-mah) [itrép, over; Apôua, color]. The excessive formation of the pigment of the skin, as in phthiriasis or syphilis. Hyperchromatemia (Ai-per-Aro-mat-e'-me-ah) [itép, over; Xpāua, color; alpa, blood]. An increase in the color of the blood; excess of coloring-matter in the blood. 589 HYPERERYTHROCYTHEMIA Hyperchromatic (hi-per-Aro-mat/-ić) [üTép, over; Apôpia, color]. Exhibiting hyperchroma. Hyperchromatism (hi-per-Aro'-mat-izm). Same as Aperchroma. Hyperchromatosis (hi-per-Aro-mat-of-sis) [itép, over; Apóſia, color]. Excessive pigmentation, as of the skin. Hypercinesia (hi-per-sin-e/-ze-ah). See Hyperkinesia. Hypercrinia (hi-per-Érin/-e-ah) ſitép, over; Kpively, to separate]. Abnormal or excessive secretion. Hypercyesis (hi-per-si-e'-sis) [itép, over; kūmouc, con- ception]. Superfetation. Hypercyrtosis (hi-per-sir-to/-sis) [itép, over; kūprootſ, curvature]. Extreme curvature, as of the back or a limb. Hyperdactylia (hi-per-dak-ti!’-e-ah) 6ákrvãog, finger]. Polydactylism. Hyperdermatosis [hi-per-der-mat-of-sis) [itép, over; ôépua, skin]. Hypertrophy of the skin. Hyperdicrotic (hi-per-di-Aroſ/-ić) [üTép, over; 6trºpotoc, a double beat]. Affected with marked or delayed dicrotism; pertaining to the pulse when the pulse- curve shows the aortic notch below the base-line. Hyperdicrotism (hi-per-dik/-rot-izm) [itép, over; 6ikpotog, a double beat]. Strongly marked or exces- sive dicrotism. Hyperdistention (hi-per-dis-tem/-shun) [itép, over; distendere, to stretch]. Forcible or extreme distention. Hyperdiuresis(hi-per-di-te-re/-sis)[itép, over; 6towpéetv, to pass urine]. Excessive secretion of urine. Hyperdynamia (hi-per-di-nam/-e-ah) [itép, over; 6üvapug, energy]. Excessive strength or exaggeration of nervous or muscular function. Hyperdynamic (hi-per-di-nam/-ić) [itép,over; 6twapug, energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperdynamia. Hypereccrisia (hi-per-ek-Aris/-e-ah) [itép, over; £k, out; kptvetv, to separate]. Excessive excretion. Hyperechema (hi-per-ek-e'-mah) [itép, over; #xmua, sound: pl., Hyperechemata J. A normal sound ab- normally exaggerated. Hyperechesis (hi-per-ek-e'-sis) [itép, over; #xmouc, sound]. Abnormal loudness of voice. Hyperemesis (hi-per-em/-es-is) . [itép, over; £ueouſ, vomiting]. Excessive vomiting. H. gravidarum. See Morning Sickness. Hyperemetic (hi-per-em-et/-ä) [üTép, over; £ueotg, vomiting]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ex- cessive vomiting. Hyperemia (hi-per-e'-me-ah) [itép, over; alua, blood]. A condition of plethora or congestion. H., Active, caused by an excessive supply of blood. H., Pas- sive, caused by an impediment to the removal of the blood. H. of the Dental Pulp, a condition due to the overfilling of the vessels of the pulp with blood, the resulting pain being sharp and lancinating, and paroxysmal in character, especially in its earlier stages. Hyperencephalus (hi-fer-en-sef’-a/-us) [itép, over; êykéjažog, brain]. A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species exenceſ/a/us, in which there is the same deformity as in podencephalus, but in a higher degree. There is often hydrocephalus, and the body is likely to be deformed in other regions. Hyperenterosis (hi-per-en-ter-o/-sis) [itép, over; ãvrepov, bowel|]. Hypertrophy of the intestines. Hyperephidrosis (hi-per-eſ-hid-ro/-sis) [itép, over; §§tópoolç, perspiration]. Excessive or long-continued sweating. Hypererethisia, or Hypererethism (hi-fer-er-eth-iº/- e-ah, or hi-per-er/-et/-igm) [i.Tép, over; £peffiguóg, irri- tation]. Excessive nervous or mental irritability. Hypererythrocythemia (hi-per-er-ith-ro-si-the’-me-ah) [itép, over; £pvfſpóg, red; KüToç, cell; alua, blood]. Excess of red corpuscles in the blood. [üTÉp, over ; HYPERESOPHORIA Hyperesophoria (hi-per-es-o-fo/-re-ah). See Hetero- phoria. - Hyperesthesia (hi-per-es-the-ze-ah) [itrép, over; alo- thoug, sensation]. Excessive or exalted sensibility of the skin. It may be symptomatic or idiopathic. Hyperesthetic (hi-per-es-thet/-ié) [itrép, over; aloffmouc, sensation]. Pertaining to hyperesthesia. Hyperexophoria (hi-per-eks-o-fo/-re-ah). See Hetero- f/horia. - Hyperfecundation (hi-per-fe-kun-da/-shun). Same as Superfeczendation. e Hyperflexion (hi-per-ſleá/-shum) [itép, over; flexio, a bending]. Overflexion, as of a limb. This is one method of treating aneurysm. Hypergenesis (hi-per-jen’-es-is) [itép, over; yévectſ, generation]. Excess or redundancy of the parts or organs of the body. It may be normal, as in the in- crease of the tissue of a muscle; or abnormal, as seen in monstrosities. Also, an excessive production of the elements of a tissue or organ. Hypergenetic (hi-per-jen-et/-ić) [üTép, over; yéveatſ, generation]. Marked by enlargement or increase of size. See also Zeratism. Hypergeusia (hi-per-gu'-se-ah) [itép, over ; Yevolç, taste]. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of taste. Hyperglobulia (hi-per-glo-bu’-le-ah) [itép, over; glo- &us, a ball]. Polycythemic plethora. An abnormal increase of the red blood-corpuscles; hypererythrocy- themia. Hyperglycemia (hi-per-gli-se/-me-ah) [itép, over; YWv- rig, sweet; alua, blood]. Excess of sugar in the blood. Hyperglycogenia (hi-pergli-Aoje/-ne-ah) [itrép, over; yżvking, sweet; Yevåg, producing]. The excessive production of glycogen. Hyperhidrosis, or Hyperidrosis (hi-per-hid-ro/-sis, or Ai-per-id-ro/-sis) [itép, over; iópóg, sweat]. Ex- cessive sweating. A functional disorder of the sweat- glands marked by excessive secretion. It may be general or local. Hyperhydremia (hi-per-hi-dre/-me-ah) [itép, over; ióop, water; alua, blood]. Excess of water in the blood. Hyperhypnosis (hi-per-hip-mo/-sis) [üTép, over; iTwoc, sleep). Excessive or frequent drowsiness and sleep. Hypericum (hi-per-i/-Åum or hi-per/-ić-um) [itépetitov, “under heath "J. St. John’s wort; a genus of plants, mostly herbs or shrubs, with a resinous juice. H. perforatum, one of the commonest of the I60 spe- cies, has styptic, stimulant, and diuretic properties, but is now used mainly in domestic practice. Dose of the ext., gr. x–xx; of the fid. ext., 3 j-ij. Unof. Hyperideation (hi-per-i-de-a/-shun) [i.Tép, over; idea, idea). Excessive or morbid mental activity. Hyperidrosis (hi-per-id-ro/-sis). See Hyperhidrosis. Hyperino-epithelioma (hi-per/-in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-mah) [itép, over; ic, a fiber; Ští, upon ; th/Aff, nipple; bud, tumor ; pl., Aſperino-epitheliomata]. Scirrhous car- cinoma with an abundance of fibrous elements. Hyperinosemia (hi-per-in-o-se/-me-ah) [itép, over; ic, fiber; alua, blood]. An exaggerated tendency to the formation of fibrin in the blood. Hyperinosis (hi-per-in-o/-sis) [itrép, over; ic, muscle]. 1. Over-activity of the muscular fiber. 2. Abnormal increase in the fibrin-factors in the blood; hyperino- semia. Hyperinotic (hi-per-in-of/-ić) [itép, over; ic, fiber]. Characterized by hyperinosis. Hyperinvolution (hi-per-in-vo-lu'-shun) ſitép, over; involvere, to roll around]. An extreme diminution in size of the uterus, due to abnormally excessive involu- tion occurring after pregnancy. 590 HYPERODONTOGENY Hyperisotonia (hi-per-i-so-to/-me-ah) [itép, over; toog, equal; Tôvog, tone]. Unusual equality of tone or ten- sion; applied to muscles. Hyperkeratosis (hi-per-ker-at-o’-sis) [itép, over; képaç, horn, cornea]. Hypertrophy of the cornea either in extent or thickness. Hyperkinesia (hi-per-Ain-e/-ze-ah) [itép, over; kivmog, energy]. I. Any exaggerated spasm or muscular contraction. 2. Excessive irritability. 3. Impulsive insanity. Hyperkinesis (hi-per-Ain-e'-sis) [itép, over; kivmotç, energy]. I. See Hyperkinesia. 2. A disease or diseased condition marked by hyperkinesia. Hyperkinetic (hi-per-Ain-et/-īk) [üTép, over; idvmotº, energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperkinesia. Hyperlactation (hi-per-lak-ta/-shun) [itép, over; lac- fare, to give milk]. Prolongation of lactation beyond the ninth month. If persisted in, it produces an ex- hausted physical condition of the mother known as Zabes lactealis. This condition is marked by anemia, with cramp-like pains of the upper extremities when the child is put to the breast. Hyperleukocythemia (hi-per-lu-ko-si-the-me-ah)[üTép, over; Wevkóç, white; KüTog, cell; aipa, blood]. Ex- cess in the proportion of white cells in the blood; leukocythemia. Hyperleukontemia (hi-per-lu-kom-te/-me-ah) over; Ževków, albumin; aſpia, blood]. the albuminous elements of the blood. Hyperlipemia (hi-per-lift-e'-me-ah) [itép, over; Witrog, fat; alpa, blood]. Excess of fat in the blood; lipemia. Hyperlithuria (hi-per-lith-me/-re-ah) [itép, over ; Affog, stone; oipov, urine]. Excess of lithic acid in the urine. Same as Zithuria, Hyperlogia (hi-per-lo’-je-ah) [inrép, over; Wóyog, speech]. Excessive or maniacal loguacity. Hyperlymphia (hi-per-limſ/-e-ah) [itép, over; lympha, water]. An increase in the amount of lymph in the body. & s Hypermastia (hi-per-masſ-te-ah) [itép, over; uaoróg, breast]. Excessive development or hypertrophy of the mammary gland, which remains normal in structure. Hypermetamorphosis (hi-per-met-am-or-fo/-sis) [itép, over; uetaptópſhootº, a transformation]. In biology, applied to insects that undergo transformation more completely or having more stages than ordinary. Hypermetropia (hi-per-me-tro/-pe-a/). Same as Hy- peropia, 7. z. Hypermetropic (hi-per-me-trop/-i}) [itép, over; uérpov, measure; &lp, eye). Affected with, or pertaining to, hypermetropia. H. Disc. See Disc. Hypermnesia, or Hypermnesis (hi-perm-ne/-ze-ah, or Ai-perm-ne/-sis) [itép, over; plvãog, memory]. Abnor- mal exaltation of the power of memory. Hypermotility (hi-per-mo-tiſ/-īt-e) [itép, over; motilis, motile]. Excessive action. H., Gastric, excessive churning action of the gastric walls, often accom- panied with hyperacidity due to increased secretion of HC1. Hypernervia (hi-per-mer’-we-ah). See Hyperneuria. Hyperneuria (hi-per-mu’-re-ah) [itép, over; veipov, nerve]. Excessive nerve-action. Hypernidation (hi-per-mid-a/-shun). tion. - Hypernea (hi-per-me/-ah) or Hypernoia (hi-per- moi/-ah) [itrép, over; voéetv, to think]. Excessive or abnormal mental activity; also, the uncontrolled and incongruous activity of the imagination in some cases of insanity. Hyperodontogeny (hi-per-o-don-toſ/ iº [ürép, over; öðoig, tooth; Yevvāv, to beget]. The phenomenon of [üTép, Increase in See Supernida- HYPEROITIS a third dentition late in life. It is supposed to be due to the development of one or more superfluous tooth- germs that have remained dormant. Hyperoítis (hi-per-o-º/-ſis) [itrepôa, palate; trug, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the palate. Hyperonychia (hi-per-o-mik/-e-ah) [itrép, over; &vvč, nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails. Hyperope (hi/-per-op) [itép, over; &lp, sight]. One who is affected with hyperopia. Hyperopia (hi-per-o'-pe-ah) ſitép, over; &lp, sight]. That condition of the refractive media of the eye in which, with suspended accommodation, the focus of parallel rays of light is behind the retina; it is due to an abnormally short antero-posterior diameter of the eye, or to a subnormal refractive power of its media. H., Absolute, that which cannot be corrected com- pletely by accommodation, so that there is indistinct vision even for distance. H., Axial, that due to ab- normal shortness of the antero-posterior diameter of the eye, the refractive power being normal. H., Facultative, that which may be corrected by the accommodation, so that there is distinct vision at a distance. H., Latent, that part of the total that can- 591 not be overcome by the accommodation, or the differ- ence between the manifest and the total hyperopia. H., Manifest, that which the accommodation can over- come, or that corrigible by a convex glass aided by the accommodation. H., Relative, a high hyperopia in which distinct vision is possible only when excessive convergence is made. H., Total, the entire hyperopia, both latent and manifest. Hyperorthognathy (hi-per-or-thog/-na-the) [itép, over; ôp66c, straight; yuáffog, the jaw]. Excessive orthog- nathy; the condition of having a cranial index greater than 91°. Hyperosmia (hi-per-oz/-me-ah) [itép, over; bouff, smell]. An abnormal or morbidly acute sense of smell; also, the presence of olfactory illusions. Hyperosphresis (hi-per-os-fre/-sis) [itép, over; 60%pm- otſ, the power of smelling]. Exaggeration of the sense of smell. Hyperostosis (hi-per-os-to/-sis) [itép, over; botéov, bone]. Exostosis or general hypertrophy of bony tissue. Hyperparasite (hi-per-par/-as-it) [itép, over; Tapá- ottoſ, parasite]. In biology, a parasite including in itself another parasite. Hyperparasitism (hi-per-par/-as-it-izm) [itép, over; trapáaltog, parasite]. The infestation of parasites by other parasites. - Hyperpepsia (hi-per-pep/-se-ah) [itép, over; Téºpic, di- gestion]. Hayem's term for a form of dyspepsia characterized by an excess of chlorids in the gastric juice, without an excess of free hydrochloric acid. Hyperphagia (hi-per-ſa/-je-ah) [itép, over; payeiv, to eat]. Excess in eating. See Bulimia. Hyperphasia (hi-per-fa’-se-ah) [itép, over; páoic, saying]. Hyperlogia; insane volubility; lack of con- trol over the organs of speech. Hyperphoria (hi-per-ſo'-re-ah). See Heterophoria. Hyperphrasia (hi-per-fra/-ze-ah) [itép, over; ppáoic, utterance]. The incoherent and exaggerated utter- ance of an insane person. Hyperphrenia (hi-per-fre/-ne-ah) [itép, over; ºphy, mind.]. Passionate mental exaltation of the insane. Hyperphysemia (hi-per-ſº-ge/-me-ah) [itép, over; qūga, air; alua, blood]. Excess of gases in the blood, or the abnormal conditions associated with such excess. Hyperplasia (hi-per-pla/-ze-ah) [itrép, over; Tāāoic, moulding]. The excessive deposit or augmentation of the elements of the tissue composing an organ. Hyperplastic (hi-per-plas/-tić) [ütrép, over; Thaotikóg, fit for moulding]. Pertaining to hyperplasia. HYPERTROPHY Hyperplerosis (hi-per-ple-ro’-sis) [itrép, over; Trž%pools, fulness]. Excessive repletion or fulness. Hyperplexia º itép, over; Tāſīšug, stroke]. I. Ecstacy. 2. Melancholia with stupor. Hyperpnea, or Hyperpnoia (hi-per-pne/-ah, or hi-per- pnoi/-ah) [itép, over; Trvón, breath]. Panting or labored respiration; dyspnea. Hyperporosis (hi-per-po-ro/-sis) [itép, over; Tópwatc, cementing or uniting]. An excessive formation of callus in the reunion of fractured bones. Hyperpraxia (hi-per-praks/-e-ah) [itrép, over; Tpāśtſ, exercise]. The excessive restlessness of movement characterizing certain forms of mania. Hyperpresbyopia (hi-per-pres-be-o’-pe-ah) ſitép, over; Tpéoffvg, old; &mp, eye). Excessive presbyopia. Obs. Hyperpselaphesia (hi-per-sel-aſ-e'-ze-ah) [itép, over; 1pmååpmatc, touch]. Abnormal increase of tactile sen- sibility. Hyperpyretić (hi-per-pi-ref/-i}) [üTép, over; Túp, fire]. Pertaining to hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia (hi-per-pi-reks’-e-ah) [itép, over; Tip, fire; Śyetv, to have]. A condition marked by exces- sively high temperature or aggravated febrile symptoms. Hypersarcoma, or Hypersarcosis (hi-per-sar-Āo’-ma, or hi-per-sar-Āo/-sis) [itép, over; Jápš, flesh ; 5ua, a tumor]. I. Excessive granulation, fungosity, or proud- flesh. 2. Obesity; hypertrophy. Hypersecretion (hi-per-se-Are"-shum) [itép, over; se- cretio, a secreting]. Excessive secretion. Hypersomnia (hi-per-som/-ne-ah) [itép, over; som- mus, sleepj. Excessive sleep. Hyperspasmia (hi-per-spaz/-me-ah). zyulsions. Hypersplenia (hi-per-sple/ º See Splenomegalia. Hypersthenia (hi-per-sthen/-e-ah) [itép, over; offévog, strength]. A condition of exalted strength or tone of the body. Hypersthenic (hi-per-sthen/-ić) [itép, over; offévoc, strength]. Characterized by hypersthenia. Hypersystole (hi-per-sis/-to-le) [i.Tép, over; ovarožň, systole]. An excessively strong systole. Hyperthermia (hi-per-ther/-me-ah) [itép, over; 6&pum, heat]. Excessive elevation of temperature. Hyperthymia (hi-per-thi’-me-ah) [itép, over; thouág, mind]. I. Mental hyperesthesia; morbid over-sen- sitiveness. 2. Vehement cruelty or foolhardiness as a symptom of mental disease. 3. Moral insanity. Hypertonia (hi-per-to'-ne-a/) [i.Tép, over; Tóvoc, tone]. I. Excess of muscular tonicity. 2. Increased intra- ocular tension. Hypertonic (Ai-per-ſon/-ić) [üTép, over; Tóvoc, tone]. Characterized by hypertonia. Hypertrichiasis (hi-per-trik-i’-as-is). See Hirsuties. Hypertrichosis (hi-per-trik-o/-sis). See Hirsuties. Hypertromos (hi-perſ-tro-mos) [i.Tép, over; Tpógog, tremor]. Excessive tremor or fear. Hypertrophia (hi-per-tro/-ſe-ah) [i.Tép, over; Tpooff, nourishment]. Same as Hypertrophy. H. cordis, hypertrophy of the heart. Hypertrophic (hi-per-traf’-ić) nourishment]. size. Hypertrophy (hi-per/-tro-ſe) [itép, over; Tpopff, nour- ishment]. This word etymologically denotes simply over-nourishment, but it has unfortunately become synonymous with excessive growth or size of an organ or part (auxesis), whether this is due to over-nourish- ment, over-use, or to any other condition. H., Cardiac, may follow dilatation of the heart, or be caused by valvular disease, diseased condition of the aorta, diseases of the kidneys and other distant organs, by constitutional disease, by excessive use of tobacco Synonym of Con- [itép, over; Tpopff, Marked by hypertrophy or excessive HYPERTROPIA and of some drugs, or excessive muscular action. It is attended with violent action of the heart, increase in the cardiac area of dulness and increased arterial pressure, headache, vertigo, dyspnea, palpitation, and pain in the heart. H., Compensatory, that following dilatation of the heart, or obstructive or regurgitant valvular disease, and produced by the efforts of that organ to make good the deficiency resulting from failing cardiac power. Let the circulation be restored, and the previous distressing symptoms will disappear. H., Concentric, increase in the thickness of the cardiac walls, without increase in the size of the organ, but with diminution in the capacity of its chambers. H., Ex- centric, cardiac hypertrophy, with dilatation. H., False, the thickening of the heart-wall is due to some extent to an adventitious fibrous growth. H., Idio- pathic, that developing in the absence of other disease of the heart’s structure, or of the structure of other organs. H., Numerical, an actual increase in the number of the constituent muscle-cells of the heart- walls. H., Simple, the walls are thicker than usual, the size of the cavities remaining unchanged. H., True, the hypertrophy consists in an increase in the muscular tissue itself. Hypertropia (hi-per-tro/-pe-ah). See Strabismus. Hyperuremia (hi-per-u-re/-me-ah) [itép, over; oipov, urine; alpa, blood]. Excess of urea in the blood. Hyperuresis (hi-per-u-re/-sis). Same as Polyuria and Azzuresis. Hyperuricemia (hi-per-u-ris-e'-me-ah) [itép, over; oùpov, urine; aipia, blood]. Excess of uric acid in the blood. Hyperventilation (hi-per-ven-fil-a/-shun) [itép, over; ventilare, to fan]. A method of treating some dis- eases by exposing the body to drafts of air. Hypesthesia (hip-es-the-ze-ah) [itó, under; alo- flyoug, sensation]. Impairment of sensation; lessened tactile sensibility. Hypha (hi/-fah) [ipff, a weaving, web : pl., Hyphae]. In biology, the filament or thread of a fungus; the matted hyphae form the mycelium, 592 Hyphemia (hi-fe/-me-ah) [itó, under; alua, blood]. I. Oligemia; deficiency of blood. within the globe of the eye. Hyphidrosis (hip-hid-ro/-sis) [üT6, under; sweating]. Deficiency of perspiration. Hyphodrome (hi’-ſo-dröm) [ipſ, a weaving; ºpóuoç, a running]. In biology, a leaf in which the veins are more or less concealed in the thick mesophyl. Hyphology (hi-ſoº'-o-je) [ipff, web; %yog, science]. Same as A/istology. Hyphomycetes (hi-jo-mi-se/-féz) [i]ff, web ; piùkmg, fungus]. A group of fungi having the spores naked, on prominent threads. Hyphostroma (/lifo-stro/-mah) [üpff, a web ; otpāua, a bed]. Same as Mycelium. Hyphotomy (hi-ſot/-o-mee) [ipſ, a web ; Touff, a cut- ting]. The dissection of tissues. Hypinosis (hift-in-o’-sis) [üTó, under; ic, ivög, fiber]. A deficiency of fibrin in the blood. Hypinotic (hip-in-of/-ić) [üTó, under ; ic, ivág, fiber]. Pertaining to, or affected with, hypinosis. Hypnagogic (ſhift-mag-og/-ić) [i.Tvog, sleep; dyoyáſ, leading]. I. Inducing sleep; pertaining to the incep- tion of sleep. 2. Induced by sleep. Hypnal (hip/-nal) [ättvog, sleepj. A drug composed of antipyrin and chloral hydrate, proposed as an hypnotic. It is tasteless, odorless, and crystalline, and soluble in water. Dose gr. xv. Unof. Hypnepagogue (hip-mep/-ag-og) [i.Tvog, sleep; &tayo- yóg, enticing]. A medicine that induces sleep; an hypnotic. 2. Hemorrhage tópoolç, HYPNOTISM Hypniater (hip-me/-a-ter). [itvog, sleep; iatip, practi- tioner]. A somnambulistic or clairvoyant doctor; a hypnotizer or mesmerist. Hypnic (hip/-nik) [üttvikóc, producing sleepj. taining to or inducing sleep. or influences sleep. Hypnobat, or Hypnobate (hip/-no-bāţ) [üTvog, sleep; Baróg, walking]. A sleep-walker; somnambulist. Hypnobatia (hip-no-ba/-she-a/.) [ättvoç, sleep; 3atóg, walking]. Somnambulism. Hypnocyst (hip/-no-sist) [i.Tvog, sleep; Küotic, bladder]. In biology, an encysted unicellular organism not un- dergoing sporulation. Hypnogenetic, Hypnogenic, Hypnogenous (hip-no- jen-et/-ić, hip-no-jen/-ić, hip-mo/-en-us) [ättvog, sleep; yevvāv, to produce]. I. Producing or inducing sleep. 2. Inducing hypnotism. Hypnography (hip-nog/-ra-ſe). Same as Hypnology. Hypnolepsy (hip/-no-left-se) [ättvog, sleep; Afflug, seiz- ure]. Narcolepsy; morbid sleepiness. Hypnology (hip-mo/-o-ſe) [štvog, sleep; 7.6).og, sci- ence]. The science of sleep, its disorders, and its hygienic effects. Hypnone (hip/-nón). See Acetophenone. Hypnopathy (hip-nop/-ath-e) [ätvog, sleep; Tá60ç, dis- ease]. Sleep due to a diseased or morbid condition of the body, brain, or mind; also, narcolepsy; sleepy disease. Hypnophobia (hip-no-fo/-be-ah) [ätvoç, sleep; pó90ſ, fear]. Morbid dread of sleep; also, nightmare or night-terror. Hypnosis (hip-mo/-sis) [ätvoc, sleep). An artificial condition produced by hypnotizing. Also, the grad- ual approach of sleep. H., African. See African Aethazgy. Hypnosperm (hip/-no-sperm) [štvog, sleep; otépua, seed]. In biology, a resting spore. Cf. Hypnospore. Hypnospore (hip/-no-spor) [ättvoç, sleep; otopá, a Spore]. In biology, a resting spore. Hypnotherapy (hip-no-ther/-ap-e) [ätvog, sleep; 6epaireia, healing]. Hypnotic treatment of disease. Hypnotic (hip-mot/-ić) [üTvog, sleepj. A remedy that causes sleep. A soporific. Also, pertaining to hyp- notism. Hypnotism (hip/-not-izm) [ötvoç, sleep]. A state of artificial somnambulism ; it may be produced by va- rious means, as, for example, by having the subject look with concentrated attention at any small object so near that effort is required to converge the axes of the eyes. It is characterized by a partial or complete absence of volition, sensation, and self-consciousness, except so much as comes from the hypnotizer or some dominat- ing will or idea. There are four main methods of in- ducing hypnotism, all originating in France. These are as follows: Charcot's Method; it consists in making gentle pressure over the eyeballs, and, finally, rubbing the top of the head. Luys’ Transference Method; the hypnotism is induced by having the patient sit with his back to the light and look steadily at a rapidly revolving mirror placed two or three feet from him, on which the light is directly shining. The constant flash of the light soon wearies the eyes and produces sleep. Nancy Method; in this method, hypnotism is induced by means of suggestion entirely, the patient submitting to the will of the operator. Voisin's Method; Braidism; the patient lies upon the broad of his back and gazes steadily at a bright silvered ball, suspended from the ceiling and at a distance of about nine inches from his eyes. The method of fascination is also used, the operator gazing fixedly in the subject’s eyes at a distance of about a foot. See, also, Somnambulism. I. Per- 2. An agent that induces HYPNOTIZABLE Hypnotizable (hip-not-iz/-aē-l) [ätvoç, sleep). Sus- ceptible of being hypnotized. Hypnotization (hip-not-iz-a/-shun)[üTvog, sleep; facere, to make]. The employment of the means used to hypnotize a person; the induction of hypnotism. Hypnotoid (hip/-not-oid) [itwog, sleep; eidog, form]. Resembling hypnotism. Hypo- (hi/-po-) [inró, under]. A prefix denoting defi- ciency or lack. Hypo (hip/-o) [itró, under]. A popular name for hy- pochondriasis, lowness of spirits, or imaginary illness, or exaggeration of slight ailments. Hypoamia (hi-po-e'-me-ah). See Hyphemia. Hypoalbuminosis (hi-po-al-du-min-o’-sis). See Aſp- albuminosis and Æypoleukontemia. Hypoalonemia (hi-po-al-o-me/-me-a/.) [intó, under ; áàg, salt, džāv, of salts; alpa, blood]. A deficiency of the salts of the blood. Hypoaria (hi-po-a/-re-a/a) [itró, under; &áptov, dim. of ôóv, an egg]. In biology, a pair of oval ganglia found on the ventral side of the region of the thalami in most fishes. Hypoblast (hi/-po-blast) [itó, under; 8%aotóg, sprout]. The internal layer of the blastoderm, or the ental layer of cells of the embryo of a metazoan; it is called, also, the endoderm, endoblast, entoderm, or epithelio- glandular layer; from it is developed the intestinal epithelium (except that of the mouth and anus) and that of the glands opening into the intestines; also, the epithelium of the air-passages. Hypoblepharon (hi-po-bleſ/-ar-on) [itó, under; 32.É. ©apov, lid.]. I. An artificial eye. 2. A swelling under the eyelid. Hypobromite (hi-po-bro/-mit) [itó, under; 3päuoc, stench]. A salt of hypobromous acid. H. Method, a method of estimating the quantity of urea in urine, based upon the fact that when urea is acted upon by sodium hypobromite (or calcium hypochlorite) it is decomposed into nitrogen, carbon dioxid, and water. Hypobulia (hi-po-bu’-le-ah) [itó, under; 3ov%, will]. Loss or deficiency of will-power. Hypocardia (hi-po-kar'-de-ah) [itó, under; Kapóía, heart]. Downward displacement of the heart. Hypocatalepsis (hi-po-kat-a/-ep/-sis) [itó, under; Katá, down; Wallgävelv, to seize]. Slight catalepsy, or epi- lepsy. - Hºatharsis (hi-po-Éath-ar/-sis) [üró, under; Kaff- aipeiv, to purge]. A gentle purgation. Hypochilium (hi-po-ki/-e-um) [itó, under; xeiàoc, the lip : pl., Hypochilia]. In biology, the lower part of the lip of certain orchids. Hypochlorhydria (hi-po-klor-hi/-dre-ah) [intó, under; 2%póg, green ; ióop, water]. A condition in which there is a diminished amount of HCl in the gastric juice. It is usually associated with an overproduction of lactic acid, and is often due to a state of lowered general nutrition. - Hypochlorite (hi-po-Alo'-rit) [itró, under; xàopóg, green]. Any salt of hypochlorous acid. Calcium hypochlorite is the essential constituent of bleaching- powder. - Hypochlorous Acid (hi-po-Alo'-rus). See Acid. Hypocholesteremia (hi-go-ko-les-fer-e'-me-ah) [itó, under; x0%, bile; otéap, fat; aipa, blood]. Decrease or deficiency of the cholesterin of the blood. Hypochondria (hi-po-kon/-dre-ah) [üró, under; xóv- Öpoç, cartilage]. I. The regions below the costal arches on either side. 2. Same as Hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac (hi-po-kon/-dre-ak) [itró, under; xóv- Öpoç, cartilage]. I. Pertaining to the hypochon- drium. 2. A person who is affected with hypochon- driasis, 593 HYPODERMATOMY Hypochondriasis (hi-po-Aom-dri/-as-is) [intoxovéptakóg, affected in the hypochondria]. A disturbance of the functions of the nervous system similar to that in mel- ancholia, in which the patient believes himself suffer- ing from bodily disease. It is characterized by alternate spells of moodiness and excitability. H. pituitosa. Synonym of Al/embramous Bnteriſis. Hypochondrium (hi-po-Aom/-dre-um) [itró, under; 26v- ôpoſ, cartilage : pſ., Hypochondria]. The region of the abdomen at each side of the epigastrium. See illustration under Abdomina/. Hypochromatemia (hi-po-Aro-mat-e'-me-a/.) [i.Tó, un- der; Apôpia, color; aſpia, blood]. Deficiency of the coloring-matter of the blood. Hypochromatic (hi-po-Aro-ma/-ić)[itó, under; Apôpia, color]. Deficient in coloring-matter. Hypochromia (hi-po-Aro/-me-ah) [itó, under; Apôua, color]. Abnormal pallor or transparency of the skin, occurring in certain skin-diseases. Hypochrosis (hi-po-Aro/-sis) [itó, under; coloring]. oration. Hypochyma (hi-po-ki/-mah) [itó, beneath; 2.Éelv, to pour]. An old name for cataract. Hypocist (hi/-po-sist) [itó, under; Kiorog, cistus]. I. The plant Cytimus hypocisſis, of the old world. 2. The dark astringent extract prepared by drying the sap of the foregoing plant and the juice of its ber- ries. It is useful for hemorrhages and diarrhea. Unof. Hypoclidium (hi-po-Ali'-de-um) [i.T6, under ; Kºeiç, a key; the clavicle : pl. , Hypoclidia]. In biology, the inferomedian process formed at the junction of the clavicles of a bird. Hypoclysis (hip-ok/-lis-is) [itró, under; Kävoplóg, a clyster]. The administration of an enema. Hypocotyl (hi-po-kot'-il) [i.T6, under; Korvåmóðv, coty- ledon]. A short term for Hypocotyledonous stem. Hypocotyledonous (hi-po-Kot-iſ-e'-don-us)[itó, under; Kot vämöów, cotyledon]. In biology, situated below the cotyledons. Hypocraterimorphous (hi’-po-Ara-ter-im-or/ſus) [i.To- Kpatáptov, the stand of a crater; poppſ, form]. Applied to certain flowers the corolla of which have a flat, spread- ing limb surmounting a straight tube ; salver-shaped. Hypocyrtosis (hi-po-sir-to/-sis) [i.Tó, under; RipTwoug, curvature]. A slight amount of curvature. Hypocystotomy (hi-po-sis-to/-o-me) [i.Tó, under; Kio- Tug, bladder; Touff, a cut]. Perineal cystotomy. Hypoderm (hi/-po-derm) [üTó, under; 6&pua, skin]. I. Subcutaneous tissue. 2. A hypodermatic injection. 3. In biology, applied to the epithelial membrane lining the cuticular, crustaceous, or chitinous invest- ment of arthropods; also called Hypodermis, Hypoderma (hi-po-der/-mah) [iſtó, under; 6&pua, skin]. In biology: I. A layer of cells, usually collenchyma, just beneath the epidermis of a leaf or stem. 2. A genus of dipterous insects, the bot-flies. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Hypodermatic (hi-po-der-mat/-ić) [üT6, under; dépua, skin]. Pertaining to that which is under the skin, or to the introduction of medicines beneath the skin. Hypodermatoclysis (hi-po-der-mat-ok/-/is-às), or Hy- podermoclysis (hi-Ao-der-mo/-ſis-is), [itó, under; ôépua, skin; KXiotç, injection]. A method of supply- ing fluid to the body to replace that lost through ex- cessive purging, as in cholera, or in cases of hemor- rhage. It consists in the introduction into the subcu- taneous tissues of certain quantities of normal saline solution. Hypodermatomy (hi-po-der-mat/-o-me) [itró, under; dépua, skin; tāuvelv, to cut]. Subcutaneous surgical section of parts. 2pó0tg, Abnormal paleness; lack of normal col- 38 HYPODERMIC 594 Hypodermic (hi-po-der/-mić). See Hypodermatic. Hypodermis (hi-po-der’-mis) [itó, under; 6&pua, skin]. See Hypoderm. Hypodermoclysm (hi-po-der/-mo-Aligm). Aſypodermatoclysis. Hypodicrotous (hi-po-dik/-ro-tus) [biró, under; dispo- Tog, double beat]. Dicrotic in a small degree. Hypodipsia (hi-po-dip/-se-ah) [üTó, under; diptſ, drink- ing]. The drinking of too little water or fluid. Hypodynia (hi-po-din'-e-a/.) [itó, under; 600Vn, pain]. Slight or trifling pain. Hypoemia (hi po-e'-me-a/) [üTó, under; alpa, blood]. Insufficiency of blood. Hypoerythrocythemia (hi-po-er-ith-ro-si-the-me-ah) [üttö, under; £pvtpóg, red; körog, cell; aipua, blood]. Deficiency in the normal number of red corpuscles in the blood. Hypogala (hi-pog/-al-ah) [itó, under; Yaza, milk]. The collection of a milk-like fluid in the eye. Hypogastralgia (hi-po-gas-tra/-je-ah) [intó, under; Yao Tàp, stomach; āAyoc, pain]. Pain in the hypogas- trillm. Hypogastric (hi-po-gas/-trik) [itó, under; yaothp, the belly]. Pertaining to the hypogastrium. See Abdo- men, Artery, Gang/ion, and Plexus. Hypogastriotomy (hi-po-gas-tre-o!’-o-me) [iſtó, under; Yao Tºp, belly; topiń, section]. The surgical opening of the abdomen through the hypogastrium. Hypogastrium (hi-po-gas/-tre-um) [itó, under; Yao Tàp, stomach]. The lower median anterior region of the abdomen. See Abdomen. Hypogastrocele (/hi-po-gas/-tro-sé/)[üTó, under; Yaotáp, stomach; ká%), hernia]. A hernia in the hypogastric region. Hypogastrodidymus (hi-po-gas-tro-did/-im-us) [itó, under; Yao Tàp, stomach; 6íðvuoç, twin]. A double monstrosity in which the two fetuses are united at the hypogastrium. Hypogastrohemia (hi-po-gas - fro - he/- me -ah) [i.Tó, under; yaatſºp, stomach; alpa, blood]. Hemorrhage in the hypogastrium. Hypogastrorrhagia (hi-po-gas-tror-a/-je-ah). Same as Aypogastro/hemia. Hypogastrorrhea (hi-po-gas-tror-e'-ah) [i.Tó, under ; yao Tàp, stomach; bota, a flow]. A slight amount of gastrorrhea. Hypogastrorrhexis (hi-po-gas-tror-eks/-is)[üTó, under; yao Tàp, stomach ; bé;tg, rupture]. Eventration. Hypogeal, Hypogaeal (hi-po-je'-a') [itóyelog, under Same as ground]. In biology, growing beneath the surface of the ground. Also, Ajøogaeazz, Apogaeozas, Apogeazz, Aſypogeous. Hypogenesis (hi-po-jen/-es-is) [itó, under; yévectſ, production, generation]. In biology, direct develop- ment, without alternation of generations. Hypogenous (hi-flo/-en-us) [itó, under; yevåg, pro- duced]. In biology, growing below the surface or on the under side. Hypogeusia (/ti-po-gu'-se-ah) [i.Tó, under; Yevotc, taste]. Diminution in the sense of taste. Hypoglossal (hi-po-glosſ-al) [itó, under ; YWöoga, tongue]. Under the tongue. H. Nerve. See AVerves, Table of Hypoglossiadenitis (hi-po-glos-e-ad-en-i/-tis) [itó, un- der; yżógoa, tongue; didfiv, gland ; trag, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the sublingual gland. Hypoglossis (hi-po-glos/-īs). See Aypoglottis. - Hypoglossitis (hi-po-glos-à'-tis) [itré, under; Yºoga, tongue; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissue under the tongue. Hypoglossus (hi-po-glosſ-us) [ütró, under; YA600a, tongue]. The hypoglossal nerve. vº HYPONASTY Hypoglottis (hi-po-glot/-is) [itró, under; yżórra, tongue]. The under part of the tongue, attached to the lower jaw. Also, a swelling at the under part of the tongue. Hypoglycemia (hi-po-gå-se/-me-a/) [itó, under; YAvküç, sweet; alua, blood]. Deficiency of sugar in the blood. Hypognathadenitis (hi pog-math-ad-en-iſ -tis) [itó, un- der ; Yváflog, jaw; défiv, gland; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the submaxillary gland. Hypognathous (hi-pog/-na-thus) [itró, under; Yváffog, jaw]. In , biology, applied to animals in which the lower mandible is longer than the upper. Hypognathus (hi pog/-na-ſhus) [itró, under; yuáffog, jaw]. A double monstrosity in which the parasite is attached to the inferior maxillary bone. Hypogynia (*i-poºjin' -e-ah) [itó, under; yová, a woman]. The state of being hypogynous. Hypogynous (hi-po/-in-us)[itó, under; yová, female]. In biology, growing beneath the pistil ; applied to stamens or other floral organs that are inserted be- neath the pistil. Hypohaemia (hi-po-he/-me-a/). See Hypohemia. Hypohematosis (hi-po-hem-at-o/-sis)[üTó, under; alua, blood]. A diseased condition marked by hyphemia, or deficiency in the amount of blood; also, the produc- tion, or process of inducing such a condition. Hypohidrosis (hi-po-hid-ro/-sis) [itró, under ; topogog, sweating]. Scanty perspiration. Hypohydremia (hi-po-hi-dre/-me-ah) [itó, under; ióop, water; alua, blood]. Deficiency of water in the blood. - Hypohypnosis (hi-po-hip-mo/-sis) [itó, under; itſ vog, sleep). Imperfect or partial sleep. Hypoinosemia (hi-ſºo. in-o-se/-me-ah) [itó, under; ig, fiber; alua, blood]. Decrease in the tendency to the formation of fibrin in the blood. Hypokinesia, or Hypokinesis (hi-po-Ain-e'-se-ah, or Ai-po-Ain-e'-sis) [itó, under; kivmotſ, motion]. De- ficiency in motor reaction under stimulation. Hypoleukocythemia (hi-po-lu-ko-si-the'-me-ah) [iſtó, under; ŽevKóg, white; KüTog, a cell; aipua, blood]. Deficiency of white corpuscles in the blood. Hypoleukocytosis (hi-po-lu-ko-si-to/-sis) [VT6, under; Ževkóç, white; IcíTog, cell]. Diminution in the number of colorless corpuscles in the blood. Hypolipemia (hi-po-lift-e'-me-ah) [itó, under; Wilrog, fat; aipa, blood]. Deficiency of fat in the blood. Hypologia (/mi-po-lo/-ge-ah) [üTó, under; Wöyoç, word]. Poverty of speech as a symptom of cerebral disease. Hypomania (hi-ſºo-ma/-ne-a/.) [itó, under; uavia, madness]. A moderate degree of maniacal ex- altation. Hypomelancholia (hi-po-mel-an-ko'-le-ah)[itó, under; pieżayżožía, melancholia]. Moderate or reasoning melancholia. Hypomenous (hi-flown/-en-us) [itó, under; uévetv, to remain]. Same as Hypogenous. - - Hypomere (hi/-po-mer) [üTó, under; plépog, a part]. In biology, the lower half of certain sponges (rhagon), which consists of all three fundamental layers. Hypometropia (hi-po-me-tro/ºpe-ah) [itó, under; puérpov, measure; &lp, vision]. Myopia. Hypomnesis (hi-pom-ne/-sis) [itróplvmouc, memory]. Memory or recollection. Hypomoria (hi-po-mo/-re-ah) [itó, under; uopia, folly]. Slight mental disorder. • * , Hypomyosthenia (hi-po-mi-os-the’-ne-ah) [iró, under; pig, muscle; offévoc, strength]. Deficiency in mus- cular power. - - Hyponasty, or Hyponastic Curvature (hi’-po-mas-Ée). [ütró, under, vaoróg, close pressed]. In biology, a HYPONEURIA curvature produced by growth on the under side of an extended organ. Cf. Apinasty. Hyponeuria (hi-po-nu/-re-a/.) [itró, under; veipov, nerve]. Slight or diminished nerve-power. Hyponoetic(hi-po-no-et/-i/)Dimró, under; vomtukóg,under- standing]. Under the control of the will. Hyponome (hi/-po-nām) [itró, under; véuetv, to dwell in, to inhabit]. In biology, the exhalant funnel of a cephalopod. Hyponomous (Ai-pon/-o-mus) [inró, under; véuen, to feed]. Spreading or eating below the surface; applied to certain ulcers, etc. Hypopepsia (hi-ſo-pep/-se-ah)[itró, under; Tépug, diges- tion]. A disorder of digestion in which there is a notable diminution in the functional activity, glandular and chemic, of the stomach. Hypophemia, Tropical. See Ankylostomiasis. Hypophloeodic (hi-floºſe-od/-ić) [ürró, under; photóg, bark]. In biology, situated beneath the bark. Hypophloeous (hi-floºſe/-us). Same as Hypophloeodic. Hypophosphite (hi-po-fos/-fit)[üTó, under; ?/iosphorus]. Any salt of hypophosphorous acid. Several hypo- phosphites (as of calcium, potassium, sodium) are offi- cial, and many others are used to a limited extent. Hypophosphorous Acid (hi-po-fos-fo'-rus). See Acid. Hypophrasia (hi-po-ſra/-ze-ah) [i.T6, under; ºpágic, phrase, utterance]. Meagerness or poverty of speech, as a sign of cerebral disease. Hypophyllium (hi-posſil/-e-um) [itró, under; pú%20v, a leaf: pl., A'ypophy//ia]. In biology, a sheath-like petiole, without laminae. Hypophyllous (hi-floff’-i/-us) [itró, under ; piºov, leaf). Same as Apogenous. Hypophysemia (hi-po-ſi-se/-me-ah) [itó, @ijoa, air; aſpia, blood]. ments in the blood. Hypophysis (hi-poff’-is-is)[ürró, under; pietv, to grow]. The pituitary body, g. v. ; sometimes called the H. cerebri. - Hypoplasia (hi-po-pla/-ze-ah) [itó, under; Tââogetv, to mould]. Deficiency or arrested development of any organ or tissue. See Aplasia. Hypoplastemia (hi-flo-plas-te/-me-a/). ticemia. Hypoplasticemia (hi-po-plas-fis-e'-me-ah) [intó, under; TAao Tukóg, plastic; alua, blood]. Deficient plasticity of the blood. Hypopraxia (hi-po-praks/-e-ah) [itó, under ; Tpāśvg, doing]. Inactivity; listlessness; inefficiency as a sign or result of cerebral disorder. Hypopselaphesia (hi-pop-sel-aſ-e'-ze-ah) [itró, under ; 1|m2.Édºmouc, touch]. Diminution of sensitiveness to tactile impressions. Hypoptilum (hi-pop/-fil-um) [intó, under; Trižov, feather: pl., Hypoptilal. In biology, the entire after-shaft of a feather, including the vanes; hypo- rachis. Hypoptyalism (hi-pop-ti'-al-izm) [itró, under; Trvažto- plóg, ptyalism]. A mild or slight ptyalism. Hypopygium (hi-po-pij/-e-um) [i.T6, under; Tvyń, the rump : pl., Hypopygia]. In biology, the male clasp- ing-organ of dipterous insects. Hypopyon (hi-po'-pe-on) [Örö, under; trijov, pus]. A collection of pus in the anterior chamber of the eye, secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues. Hypoquebrachin (hi-po-Awe-brak/-in) [üT6, under ; quebracho], Col Hosn,02. An alkaloid of Quebracho, occurring in yellow masses, melting at about 8o° C., and soluble in alcohol and ether, Hyporachis (hi-for’-ak-7s) [itró, under; héxic, the spine]. In biology, the stem or rachis of the after- shaft; the hypoptilum of a feather. under ; l)eficiency of gaseous ele- See Hypoplas- 595 HYPOTHECIUM Hyporadioli (hi-po-ra-di/-o-li) [itró, under ; radius, radius]. In biology, the barbules of the after-shaft of a feather. Hyporrhea (hi-por-e'-ah) [intó, under; beiv, to flow]. A slight hemorrhage. Hyposmia (hi-poz/-me-ah) [intó, under; boſiſ, smell]. Diminution of the sense of smell. Hypospadia, or Hypospadias (hi-po-spa/-de-ah, hi-po- spa/-de-as) [itó, under; otăv, to draw]. An abnormal opening and ending of the urethra upon the under surface of the penis, or in the under wall of the urethra. It is variously classed, according to the position of its opening, as glandular (or balanic), balano-penile, penile, peno-scrotal, scrotal, or perineal. Certain tribes of the Arabs, Africans, and native Australians produce an artificial hypospadias. Hypostaphylitis (hi-po-stafil i7-ſis) otapužíg, uvula; trug, inflammation]. mation of the uvula. Hypostasis (hi-pos/-as-is)[itróa Taatc, astanding under]. A word loosely used to denote feces, or any sediment falling from a liquid, especially the sediment of urine. Also, a form of passive hyperemia caused by the de- pendent position of the part affected. [üTó, under; Slight inflam- Hypostatic (hi-ſo-stat'-i}) [itóo Taag, a standing under]. Due to, or of the nature of, hypostasis. H. Congestion. Same as Hypostasis, g. v. H. Pneu- monia, Piorry’s term for the variety of pneumonia secondary to most of the acute febrile diseases, and occurring in the final stage of many chronic diseases. It is in part due to the mechanic gravitation of blood to the part affected, as to the back, in cases of long- continued dorsal decubitus. Hyposternum (hi-Ao-ster/-num) [i.Tó, under; atépyov, the breast: pl., Hyposterna]. In biology, the third lateral piece of the plastron of a turtle; also called Aypoplastron. Hyposthenia (hi-po-stheſ-ne-ah) [iſtó, under ; offévoſ, strength]. Weakness; subnormal strength. Hyposthenic (hi-po-sthen/-i}) [i.Tó, under; affévoſ, strength]. I. Tendency to, or characterized by, hy- posthenia; applied to diseases that are more than or- dinarily enfeebling. 2. A medicine that reduces the action of the heart without affecting its rhythm. Hypostoma (hi-posſ-to-mah) ſiſtó, under; GTóua, mouth : pl. , Hypostomata]. In biology, applied (a) by Meigen and Bouché to the clypeus of Differa, and by Meinert to a curved broad sclerite behind the Zaming Zabiaſis of the inner stipes in the mouth of Aſſyriopods; (6) to the proboscis of Hydroidea. Hypostomatous (hi-po-sto/-mat-us) or Hypostomous (hi-pos/-to-mus) [i.Tó, under; atóua, mouth J. In biology, having the mouth inferior or ventral. Hypostome (hiſ-po-stöm). Same as Hypostoma. Hypostyptic (hi-po-stip’-tié) [iſtó, under; givſtrakóg, astringent]. I. Moderately or mildly styptic. 2. A mildly styptic medicine. Hyposynergia (hi-po-sin-er/-je-ah) ſiſtó, under; avvæp- yia, coöperation]. Defective coördination. Hyposystole (hi-po-sis/-to-le) [i.Tó, under; ovarožň, systole]. Deficiency of the cardiac systole. Hyposystolia (hi-po-sis-to'-le-a/). See Hyposystole. Hypotension (hi-po-tem/-shun), [iſtó, under; ſensio, a stretching]. Diminished or abnormally low tension; hypotonia. - Hypothallus (hi-po-tha/-us) [i.T6, under; ta??óſ, a young shoot or branch, a frond: pl. , Hypothall, J. In biology, a delicate filamentous mass upon which is developed the thallus of a lichen. Hypothecium (hi-po-the-se-um) [itó, under; flākm, a case]. In biology, that portion of a lichen thallus immediately around or beneath the apothecium. HYPOTHENAR Hypothenar (hi-pot/-en-ar) [biró, under; 6&vap, palm]. The fleshy eminence on the palm of the hand over the metacarpal bone of the little finger. Also, the prominences on the palm at the base of the fingers. Also, the ball of the thumb. Hypothermal (hi-po-ther’-mal) ['iyſtó, under; 68pun, heat]. Tepid; denoting a temperature placed ar- bitrarily between 59° and 68° F., or 15° and 25° C. Also, pertaining to the reduction of the temperature of the body. Hypothermia (hi-po-ther/-me-ah) or Hypothermy hi/-po-ther-me) [üT6, under; 0éppim, heat]. De- ciency in the heat of the body. Hypothesis (hi-pot/i/-es-is) [intó, under; 6%atc., a posi- tion]. A supposition set forth for discussion or demonstration. A theory assumed as true. Hypotonia, or Hypotonus (hi-po-to/-ne-ah, or hi-pot/- o-mus) [i.Tó, under; Tóvog, tension]. Decrease of nor- mal tonicity; diminution of intraocular pressure. Hypotony (hi-pot/-o-me) [üTó, under; Tóvoc, tension]. Same as Ajſpoſonia. H., Gastric, the reverse condi- tion of gastric hypermotility, q. v. Hypotreme (hi/-po-trem) [üT6, under; Tpñua, a hole, (here, a spiracle); pl., Hypotremata]. In entomology, one of a pair of strong fusiform processes extending obliquely across the anterior coxo-sternal foramina to the lower borders of the anterior spiracles in certain insects (e. g., Diptera); they strengthen the anterior part of the thoracic wall. (Zowne.) Hypotrichous (hi-pot/-rié-us) [itó, under; 6píš, hair]. In biology, applied to such infusoria as have the locomotor cilia on the under side of the body. Hypotrophy (hi-pot/-ro-ſe) [itó, under; Tpépelv, to nourish]. Subnormal nutrition. A defect in the con- structive or tissue-building powers of the organism. It may be congenital or acquired, and varies much in degree in different individuals, or even in the same individual at different times. Hypouremia (hi-po-u-re/-me-ah) [itó, under; oipov, urine; alua, blood]. Diminution of the urea nor- mally present in the blood. Hypouricemia (hi-po-w-ris-e/-me-a/.) [itó, under; oùpov, urine; aipua, blood]. Decrease in the uric acid of the blood. - Hypourocrinia (/; £o-at-ro-Arin/-e-ah) [itó, under; oùpov, urine ; Kpivetv, to separate]. A deficient or too scanty secretion of urine. Hypoxanthin (Ai-po-gan'-thin) [intá, under; £avóóg, yellow], C, H, N, O. A leukomaine, also known as Sarcin or Sarkin. It occurs, accompanying adenin and guanin, in nearly all the animal tissues and organs rich in nucleated cells. In minute quantities it is a normal constituent of urine. It has also been found in plants, seeds, ferments, and wines. It is a crystal- line body, soluble in cold and boiling water, insoluble in cold alcohol and ether. Hypoxanthin appears to be one of the products formed by the decomposition and successive oxidation of proteid matter previous to the formation of uric acid and urea. It is produced from adenin by the action of nitrous acid. It is non- poisonous. See Aossel's Test, and Sarcin. Hypsicephaly (hip-sis-ef/-a/-e) [inſt, on high ; Kepažň, head]. The condition of a skull with a cranial index of over 75.1°. Hypsicranius (hiſ sić-ra/-me-us) [inſt, on high ; Kpavlov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull having the ratio between length and height of 82.5° to 90.4°. Hypsiliform (hip-siſ/-īform). See Vasiliform. Hypsodont (hip/-so-dànt) [äipt, on high ; 6600c, tooth]. In biology, applied to such animals as have teeth fur- nished with long crowns and short roots. Hypsonosus (hip-son/-o-sus) [inpoc, height; v6oog, ill- 596 HYSTERIC ness]. Mountain-sickness; balloon-sickness; charac- terized by nausea, headache, epistaxis, etc. Hypsophobia (hip-so-ſo/-be-ah) ſtºpog, height; pó80g, fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height; aérophobia. Hypsophyl, (hip’-so-ſil) [inpt, on high ; }{2%0v, a leaf J. In biology, one of the leaf-like or bract-like structures subtending a flower or an inflorescence. Hypsopisthius (hip-so-pisſ-the-us) [inpt, on high; brio- thov, occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle included between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and lambda is between 33° and 41°. - Hypural (hip-u/-ral) [itó, under; otpá, tail]. ology, located beneath the tail. Hyraceum (hi-ra/-se-um) [üpaš, a mouse]. A product from South Africa, somewhat resembling castoreum, and believed to be an excretion, perhaps fecal, of Ayrax capensis, the so-called South African cony or cliff-badger. Its use is the same as that of castor. Hyssop (his/-op) [üogotroc, an aromatic plant]. Hedge- hyssop. The leaves and tops of Ayssopus officinalis, an aromatic stimulant, carminative, and tonic, much employed in chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract. Dose of the fld. ext, 3.j—ij. Unof. See also Lophan- thus and Gratiola. Hystera (his/-ter-ah) [botépa, womb). The uterus or womb. Also, the vulva. Also, the placenta or after- birth. Hysteralgia (his-ter-a/-je-ah) [üotépa, womb; āāyog, pain]. Pain in the womb. Hysteranesis (his ter-an/-es-is) [botépa, womb ; &veolç, relaxation]. Relaxation and atony of the uterus. Hysteranthous (his-ter-an/-thus) [votepog, later; āv6oç, a flower]. In biology, applied to plants in which the leaves do not appear till after the flowers have appeared. Hysteratresia (his-ter-at-re/-ze-ah) [iatépa, womb; âtperog, imperforate]. An imperforate or impervious condition of the mouth of the womb. Hysterauxesis (his-ter-awks-e'-sis) [īotépa, womb; atºmouc, enlargement]. Enlargement of the uterus, normal (as in pregnancy) or abnormal. Hysterectomy (his-ter-ek/-to-me) [igrépá, womb; ëktopſ, a cutting out]. Excision or removal of the womb by surgical operation. H., Vaginal, removal of the womb through the vagina. Hysterelcosis (his-ter-el-Ao’-sis) [botépa, womb ; Śā- Koog, ulceration]. Ulceration of the uterus. Hysteria (his-te/-re-ah) [botépa, womb). A functional disturbance of the nervous system, supposed by early physicians to be due to a disordered condition of the womb. It is now often considered a neurosis; it is not with certainty known whether it is due to structural alteration in any part of the central nervous system, or to abnormal blood-supply. Paralyses, impair. ment of vision, convulsions, sensory disturbances, and psychic manifestations, are usually prominent symp- toms. Major and minor types are differentiated. The popular significance of the term is that of feigned disease, but the physician usually considers the affection real. It is more frequently encountered in females than in males. H., Epileptiform, a synonym of Hystero-epilepsy. H., Major, hystero-epilepsy. H., Minor, hysteria of a mild form. Hysteric, Hysterical (his-ter/-ić, his-ter/-ić-al)[igrépa, womb). Pertaining to hysteria, g. v. Also, pertaining to the womb. H. Temperature. See 7%ermal Ataxia. H. Breast, a condition of the breast in neurotic women marked by excessive superficial tenderness, diffuse swelling, constant variation in size and hard- ness, and by the recurrence of these symptoms at the menstrual epochs. H. Dyspnea, intensely rapid In bi- HYSTERICISM breathing, 50 to 150 respirations per minute, occurring in neurotic individuals, without corresponding altera- tion of the pulse-rate. H. Somnolence, the early stage or lighter form of Æ, 7%ance. H. Trance, a peculiar condition in which the patient sinks into a lethargic, corpse-like condition, lasting from a few hours to several days. Hystericism (his-ter/-is-izm) [igrépa, womb). The hysteric diathesis or temperament; proneness to the exhibition of hysteric symptoms. Hysterics (his-ter/-iks)[üorépa, womb). A popular term for hysteric or convulsive movements and conditions. Hysteriencephalitis (his-ter-e-en-seſ-a/-ä’-tis) [votépa, womb ; #ykéjažov, brain; trug, inflammation]. En- cephalitis and meningitis following repeated attacks of hysteria. Hysterionica (his-ter-e-on/-ić-ah) [i.orépa, womb). A composite-flowered herb of South America (H. bayla- ſhuen) of considerable efficacy in the treatment of acute and chronic affections of the respiratory appar- atus. It is also a stomachic and intestinal antiseptic of value in the treatment of flatulent dyspepsia. Dose of the fluid extract muw—xv. Unof. Hysteritis (his-ter-i/-tis). See Metritis. Hysterizable (his-ter-iz/-a-b/) [üotépa, womb; able, able]. Capable of being thrown into a hysteric con- dition. Hystero- (his/-ter-o-) [iotépa, uterus]. A prefix sig- nifying relation to the uterus, or to hysteria. Hysterocatalepsy (his-ter-o-kat/-a/-ep-se) womb ; Karážmpag, catalepsy]. accompanied by catalepsy. Hysterocele (his/-ter-o-sel) [igrépa, uterus; kážn, her- nia]. Hernia containing the uterus, or part of it. Hysterocleisis (his-ter-o-Ali’-sis) [igrépa, womb ; kWeiotç, closure]. The closure of the os uteri by scari- fying and suturing the labia; an operation formerly employed in the treatment of vesico-uterine fistula. Hysterocyesis (his-ter-o-si-e'-sis)[üotépa, womb; Kimouc, pregnancy]. Uterine pregnancy. Hysterocystocele (his-ter-o-sis/-to-sel) [iotépa, womb ; küoric, bladder; ká%m, hernia]. Hysterocele compli- cated by cystocele; hernia of the womb and the bladder, or parts of them. Hystero-demonopathy (his-ter-o-de-mon-op’-ath-e) [üotépa, womb ; daimov, a demon ; tāffog, disease]. Hysteric demonopathy or demonomania. Hysterodynia (his-ter-o-dim/-e-ah) [iotépa, womb ; ôöövm, pain]. Pain in the womb. Hystero-epilepsy (his-ter-o-ep/-iſ-ep-se)[üorépa, womb ; étrºmpta, epilepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied by convulsions resembling those of epilepsy. Gowers advises the term hysteroid in reference thereto. Hystero-epileptogenous (his/-ter-o-ep-iſ-ep-toj’-en-us) [üotépa, womb; Štrºmptă, epilepsy; Yevvāv, to pro- duce]. Producing hysteric epilepsy. Hysterogenic (his-ter orjen/-i})[üotépa, womb; yeuvâv, to beget]. Causing or producing hysteria. Hysterogenic (his-fer-o-jen’-ić) [votepog, later; yéveta, produce, bear]. In biology, applied to intercellular spaces or structures appearing late in the life of a plant. Cf. Protogenic. [üotépa, A form of hysteria Hysterogeny (his-ter-oj/-en-e) [io Tépa, womb; yewvāv, , to produce]. The induction of the hysteric state or paroxysm. Hysteroid (his/-ter-oid) ſigrépa, womb ; eiðoc, form]. Resembling hysteria. See Hystero-epilepsy. H. Con- vulsions, convulsive movements with hysteric symp- toms in various organic diseases of the brain, in epilepsy, and in hydrophobia. Hysterolith (his/-ter-o-lith). [iotépa, womb; Affog, stone]. Calculus or stone in the womb. 597 Hystero-paralysis HYSTEROPSOPHY Hysterolithiasis (his-ter-o-lith-i/-as-is) [i.orépa, womb; Auſſaoug, the formation of calculiſ]. The formation of hysteroliths. Hysterology (his-ter-o/-o-je) [igrépa, womb ; 26 yog, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology, of the uterus. Hysteroloxia (his-ter-o-loks/-e-ah) Żołóg, oblique]. the uterus. Hysteromalacia (his-ter-o-mal-a/-se-ah)[igrépa, womb; plažakia, softness]. Softening of the tissues of the womb. Hysteromalacoma (his-ter-o-mal-ak-o'-mah) [üorépa, womb ; pažakóc, soft]. Softening of the womb or of any part of it. Hysteromania (his-ter-o-ma’-ne-a/.) [iatépa, womb; plavia, madness]. Hysteric insanity; also, nympho- IIla III.3. - Hysterometer (his-ter-om/-et-er)[igrépa, womb; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the length of the intra-uterine cavity. Hysterometry (his-ter-om/-et-re) [igrépa, womb; uér- pov, measure]. The measurement of the womb or of its internal space. Hysteromyoma (his-ter-o-mi-o'-mah) [üotépa, womb; uïc, muscle; Śpia, tumor; pl., Hysteromyomata]. My- oma or fibro-myoma of the womb. Hysteromyomatous (his-ter-o-mi-o’ mat-us) [botépa, womb ; /lüç, muscle; &la, tumor]. Of the nature of or pertaining to hysteromyoma. Hysteromyomectomy (his/-ter-o-mi-o- meå/- to- me) [to Tépa, uterus; pig, muscle; £ktopuff, excision]. Removal of a hysteromyomatous growth. Removal of the body or supravaginal portion of the uterus for fibroid tumor. [iatépa, womb ; Oblique displacement or position of Hysteroncus (his-ter-ong/-kus) [iarápa, womb ; 6ykoç, a tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the uterus. Hysteroneurasthenia (his/-ter-o-nu- ras-the-ne-ah) [botépa, womb ; veipov, nerve; doffeveia, weakness]. Neurasthenia resulting from womb-disease. Hystero-neurosis (his/-ter-o-nu-ro/-sis) [īotépa, womb; veipov, nerve; v6oog, disease]. A reflex ac- tion resulting from irritation of the uterus. Hystero-oophorectomy (his/-ter-o-o-off-or-ek’-to-me) [üotépa, womb ; 6,690pog, egg-bearing ; £kTouń, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries together. (his-ter-o-par-a/-is-is) womb ; TapáAvotg, palsy]. the walls of the womb. Hysteropathic (his-ter-o-path/-ić) Tábog, disease]. hysteropathy. Hysteropathy (his-zer-op’-ath-e)[botépa, womb ; Tráffog, disease]. Any disease or disorder of the womb. Also, hysteria. - Hysteropathy (his-ter-op/-ath-e) [Vorspoº, later; Tábog, illness]. Same as Deuferopathy. Hysteropexia, Hysteropexy (his-ter-o-peks/-e-ah, his/- ter-o-peks-e) [botépa, womb ; Tâștc., a fastening]. Ab- dominal fixation of the uterus by a surgical operation. Hysterophore (his/-ter-o-ſor) [io Tépa, womb ; popóg, bearing]. A form of uterine pessary. Hysterophrenic (his-fer-o-fren/-ić) [botépa, womb ; ppäv, the mind.]. Opposed to hysterogenic. Hysteroplegia (his-fer-o-ple/-je-ah) [igrépa, womb ; TAmyń, a stroke]. Same as Aſſystero-paralysis. Hysteropnix (his-ter-op/-niks) [igrépa, womb ; Tvić, suffocation]. Globus hystericus. Hysteropsophy (his-ter-op’-so-ſe) [botépa, womb; ibópoc, sound, utterance]. The escape of air from the uterus with an audible sound. [üotépa, Paralysis or weakness of [üotépa, womb ; Of the nature of, or pertaining to, HYSTERO-PsychoPATHY Hystero-psychopathy (his-ter-o-si-kop/-ath-e) [iotépa, womb; pukh, the mind; Táffog, disease]. Mental disorder secondary to disease of the uterus. Hysteropsychosis (his-fer-o-si-ko/-sis) [votépa, womb; ºpvkh, the mind.]. Mental disorder associated with uterine disease. Hysteroptosis (his-fer-op-toº-sis) [botépa, womb ; Tràgic, a falling]. Falling of the womb. See Pro- lapsus. Hysterorrhaphy (his-ter-or/-ra-ſe) [botépa, womb ; bagh, suture]. The closure of a uterine incision or rent by suture. • * Hysterorrhea (his-ter-or-e'-ah) [üotépa, womb ; bota, flow]. A discharge from the uterus. . Hysterorrhexis (his-fer-or-eks/-īs) [iotépa, womb ; 67;tc, rupture]. Rupture of the womb. Hysterosalpinx (his-ter-o-sa/~pingás) [iotépa, womb ; GáWirty;, pipe). A Fallopian tube or oviduct. Hysteroscope (his/-ter-o-sköp) [üotépa, womb; orcoreiv, to view]. A uterine speculum, with a reflector. Hysterospasm (his/-ter-o-spazm) [botépa, womb ; orao- Alèſ, spasm]. Uterine spasm. Hysterostomatome (his-ter-o-sto/-mat-öm) [igrépa, womb ; oróga, mouth ; Touff, section]. A knife for use in hysterostomatomy. Hysterostomatomy, or Hysterostomatotomy (his- ter-o-sto-mat/-o-wie, or his-fer-os-to-mat-of/-o-mee) [io- tépa, womb ; otópua, mouth ; Touff, section]. Surgical incision of the os uteri, or its enlargement by a cutting operation. Hysterotokotomy (his - ter -o- to - Áot/-o-me) [botépa, 598 ICAJIN womb; Tôkoç, birth; topiń, section]. Cesarean operation, or delivery through an incision into the womb. - Hysterotome (his/-ter-o-tom) [üorépa, womb; touff, a cutting]. A hysterotomy-knife or cutting-instrument for use in hysterotomy. Hysterotomotocia (his-ter-o-to-mo-to/-se-ah) [botépa, womb ; touff, cutting ; tākoç, birth]. An incision into the womb for the removal of a fetus; hysteroto- kotomy. - - Hysterotomy (his-ter-of/-o-me) [üorépa, womb; touff, section]. I. Surgical incision of the uterus. 2. Cesa- rean section. See Cesarean Operation. - Hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his - ter-o-tra-Āel-or/-ra-ſe) [io Tépa, womb ; Tpáxmåoc, neck; baph, suture]. A plastic operation for the restoration of a lacerated cervix uteri. Hysterotrachelotomy (his-ter-o-tra-kel-of/-o-me) [ig- tépa, womb ; Tpáxmºog, neck; topiń, section]. Surgi- cal incision of the neck of the womb. Hystero-traumatism (his-fer-o-traw'-mat-izm)[üotépa, womb ; Tpaipa, wound]. Hysteric symptoms due to or following traumatism. - Hysterotrismus (his-ter-o-triz'-mus) [botépa, womb ; Tptopuðg, a creaking]. Spasm of the uterus. Hystriciasis (his-tris-i/-as-is) [Öorpuff, a hedgehog). A disease of the hair in which the latter “stares'’ or stands stiffly out like the hair of the hedgehog. Hystricismus (his-tris-iz'-mus). See Ichthyosis hystrix. Hystrix (his/-º iós) [üorpt:, porcupine]. Same as Ichthyosis hystrix. I. The symbol of Iodin. Iamatology (i-am-at-o/-o-je) [iaua, remedy; %yog, science]. The science of remedies, or of therapeutics; aceology. Obsolete. Iasis (i-a/-sis) [iaotº, treatment, cure]. surgical treatment. . Iateria, or Iatoria (?-at-e'-re-ah, or i-a/-o’-re-ah) ſtatm- pia, iaTopia, therapeutics]. Therapeutics; the art or practice of medicine. Iatraliptic (i-at-ral-ift/-täk) [iaſpóg, physician; āWeittmg, an anointer]. Curing by using ointments and fric- tions. I. Method. Same as AEpidermatic Method. Iatreusiology (i-at-ru-se-o/-o-je) [tárpevolç, practice of medicine; Wóyog, science]. The science of medical or surgical treatment; therapeutics. Obsolete. Iatreusis (i-at-ru/-sis) [latpevolç, treatment]. Medical or surgical treatment. Iatric (i-at'-rik) [Ratpukóg, medical]. Pertaining to the physician or to the science of medicine. Iatro- (i-a/-ro-) [latpóg, physician]. A Greek prefix signifying relation to medicine or to physicians. Iatrochemic, Iatrochemical (?-at-ro-kem/-ić, -at-ro- Æem/-ić-a/) [latpóc, physician ; 27/18ta, chemistry]. Pertaining to the obsolete chemic school of therapeu- tists; Spagiric. Iatrochemist (i-at-ro-kem/-ist) [latpóc, physician; xmuefa, chemistry]. A follower of iatrochemic or spagiric doctrines. Iatrol (i./-at-rol) [iatpov, surgery]. Medical or Oxy-iodo-methyl- anilid; an odorless and non-toxic antiseptic agent, said to be three times as effective, weight for weight, as iodoform. Unof. Iatroliptic (i-at-ro-lip/-tić). See Jatraliptic. Iatrology (i-at-ro/-o-je) [iaſpéc, physician; Aóyoç, science]. The science of medicine; an account of, or treatise on, physicians. Iatromathematician (i-at-ro - math - em - at-ish/-an) [latpóc, physician; gaffmuarukóg, a mathematician]. A physician of a 17th century school (chiefly Italian) which ascribed vital activities to the sizes of pores and particles, to friction and consequent retardation, and to other mechanical causes. He asserted that all vital phenomena are mechanical. Iatrophysics (i-at-roºftº/-īās) [iatpóg, physician; ©vot- kóg, pertaining to nature]. The relation of physics to medicine or the application of physics to disease orthera- peutics. The materialistic explanation of disease; ap- plied especially to an obsolete theory of the 17th cen- tury, that sought to explain physiologic and therapeutic facts by means of the principles of physics (dynamics and statics). Iatrotechnics (i-at-ro-teå/-niks) [latpág, physician; téxvm, art]. The art of healing. Iba (e/-bah) [African]. Gaboon chocolate; a substi- . tute for chocolate from Irvingia gabonensis, a simaru- baceous tree of W. Africa. Unof. Icajin (#/-aſ-in) [African, icajaj. A poisonous alka- loid derived from an African ordeal-drug called icaja. ICE It somewhat resembles brucin, and is probably derived from some species of Strophanthus. Unof. Ice (is) [ME., ise, ice]. Water in its solid state, to which it is reduced by a temperature of o' centigrade, or 32° Fahrenheit. I.-bag, a bag of waterproof ma- terial filled with ice, for application to any part of the body. I.-cap, a bladder or rubber cap filled with pounded ice for application to the head in case of con- gestion. I.-cot, a bed cooled by ice, so as to reduce the temperature of the patient. I.-cradle, a device that consists in the suspension over a febrile patient in bed, by means of iron framés or barrel-hoops, of a number of zinc buckets kept half-filled with ice and enclosed in a light covering. The patient is covered with a muslin sheet and provision is made for the circu- lation of pure air in the cradle. The temperature of the patient is to be taken at least every four hours, and if it falls to IOO9 the apparatus is to be removed. If a sense of chilliness appears hot bottles are to be applied to the feet. I.-poultice, or I.-compress, an applica- tion of broken ice used for local refrigeration. Iceland (is/-land) [ME., ise, ice; M.E., land, land]. An island of the Arctic Ocean. I. Moss. See Cetra- ria. I. Spar, a transparent calcium carbonate, crys- tallized in rhomboidal prisms. It has the property of dividing and doubly refracting a ray of light. Ichor (i/-kor) [ixóp, serum, or pus]. An acrid and thin puriform discharge from an ulcer or wound. Ichoroid, or Ichorous (i'-Åor-old, i/-Åor-us) [ixóp, serum, or pus; eldog, like]. Resembling or relating to pus containing serum and disintegrated tissue. Ichorrhea (i-kor-e'-ah) [ikóp, pus; bota, a flow]. A copious flow of ichor. - Ichorrhemia (?-Éor-e'-me-ah) [ixóp, ichor; alua, blood]. The presence in the blood of ichorous matter; septice- mia; pyemia. - Ichthiasis (ik-thi/-as-is). See Ichthyosis. Ichthidin (#/-thid-in) [tx0üç, fish]. A substance re- sembling lardacein, but obtained from the eggs of cyprinoid fishes. Ichthin (ić/-thin) [ix60g, fish]. An albuminous sub- stance obtained from the eggs of some fishes, and also from cartilaginous fishes and frogs. Ichthulin (ić/-thu-lin) [ix6ic, a fish; 5%m, matter]. A lardaceous substance, with the percentage-composi- tion, Cs2.5HsN15.2S, Po.g., found in the eggs of fishes and in salmon. It is akin to ichthin and ichthidin. Ichthyiasis (ić-the-iſ-as-is). Same as Ichthyosis. Ichthyic (ić/-the-à) [ixóvakóc, of a fish, fishy]. Per- taining to, or resembling, a fish; piscine; ichthyoid; ichthyo-morphic; icthyopsidan. Ichthyisation (ić-the-iz-a/-shun) [.æðig, fish]. In biology the process of intensification of fish-like char- aCterS. Ichthyocolla (ić-the-o-ko/-ah) [200g, fish; kó%a, glue]. Isinglass. The air-bladder of the sturgeon, Acipenser huso. It occurs in horny, translucent, white sheets, that form a jelly with hot water. It is the purest form of gelatin, and is used as a food, for clari- fying liquids, and as a test for tannic acid. I., Em- plastrum, court-plaster; it consists of isinglass Io, glycerin I, alcohol 40, water and tinct. benzoin q. S., spread upon fine white silk bolting-cloth and dried. Ichthyography (ić-the-og/-ra-ſe) [12:00c, fish; ypápetv, to write]. A description of fishes; ichthyology. Ichthyoid (ić’-the-oid) ſix6ic, fish; eiðoç, form]. sembling a fish; fish-like. Ichthyol (7%/-the-ol) ſixflic, fish; oleum, oil], Cºsłłºs- SANa,C)s. Sodium sulpho-ichthyolate. A preparation obtained from certain varieties of fossiliferous shale oc- curring in the Tyrolese Alps. It has a characteristic bituminous odor and taste. It is a good antiphlogistic, Re- 599 ICHTHYOTOXICUM and has proved efficient in eczema and psoriasis, and in gynecology. It is used in the form of a Lo to 20 per cent. ointment, as a solution in glycerin, equal parts, or in the pure state. I., German. See Thiol. Ichthyology (ić-6/le-o/-o-ſe) [tx6ig, fish; 2670ſ, science]. The science of fishes, their anatomy, distribution, and biology. Ichthyomorphic (ić-the-o-mor/ºftA) [ix60ſ, a fish; uopºff, form]. In biology, having the morphologic characters of a fish; ichthyopsidan. Ichthyophagous (ić-the-off/-ag-us) ſix6ic, fish; payeiv, to eat]. Fish-eating. A word applied to such ani- mals as subsist on fish. Ichthyopterygium (ić-the-op-ter-ij/-e-um) [tx6ic, a fish; Trepüytov, a wing or fin]. The fore-limb or hind- limb of a vertebrate, modified as a fin. Ichthyosis (ić-the-o/-sis) [ºrffic, fish; v6ooc, disease]. Aeroderma ichthyoides, Ichthyosis zera, fish-skin dis- ease; a congenital skin-disease, usually involving the entire surface of the body, aggravated by cold, and characterized by extreme dryness of the skin and by the development of epidermal plates coarsely resem- bling the scales of a fish, and forming in some cases verrucous growths, sessile and pedunculated, freely projecting from the surface. I. congenita. See Seborrhea squamosa neonatorum. I. follicularis, a form in which the sebum and epithelium are heaped up around the orifices of the hair-follicles; it is especially seen upon the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. I. hystrix; Aſystricismus, a rare skin- disease characterized by warty-looking growths, con- sisting of elongated and hypertrophied papillae, covered by greatly thickened, dark-brown, horny epidermis, and forming flat-topped or pointed, spinous projections. These are grouped together to form patches, often unilateral and distributed along the course of cutaneous nerves. They are seldom present on the face. Usu- ally they offer no subjective symptoms. I. linguae, an acquired affection of the tongue in which it be- comes dry and scaly. I. nacrée. See / simplex. I. nigricans. See Z. simplex. I. nitida. See Z. simplex. I. palmae vel palmaris et plantaris, the exceptional form confined solely to the palms and soles. I. sauroderma. See Z. simplex. I. Scutel- lata. See Z. simplex. I. sebacea. Synonym of Seborrhea. I. sebacea cornea. See ZXarier's AXis- ease. I. serpentina. See Z. simplex. I. simplex, the common form of ichthyosis in which the whole surface has a tesselated appearance, from being covered with large, angular, dirty-white, finely corrugated, papery scales that are adherent, and therefore slightly depressed in the center (Z. scutellata), while the edges are detached, transparent, and shining (Z. macrée or Z. mitida). In still higher grades the scales adhere together to form thin plates, and being of a greenish tint, resemble a serpent’s skin (Z. serpentina); when there are still thicker plates, the appearance of a crocodile hide is produced (Z. sauroderma). The older the plates the darker they become, so that they may vary from olive-green to black (Z. mig, icans). The hair is dry, harsh, and dull-looking, and the scalp branny ; the nails may be pitted and brittle. Itching is frequent. Warmth ameliorates the condition by favoring sweating. I. spinosa, a form of Z. Aystrix, in which the scales are spiny. I. vera. See Achthyosis. Ichthyotic (ié-the-of/-ić) [.æðūg, fish]. affected with ichthyosis. Ichthyotomy (ié-the-ot/-o-me) [tx0üç, a fish; touff, a cutting]. The dissection or anatomy of fishes. Ichthyotoxicum (ić-the-o-toks/-ić-um) [tx009, fish ; Toštków, poison]. A name loosely given to poisoning Relating to or ICHTHYSMUS from eating the flesh of certain fish, and also to the poisonous principle. It may be a natural poisonous principle, or the result of putrefactive fermentation of the substance of the fish. It is probably a ptomaine. Ichthysmus (ić-thiz'-mus) [1300g, fish]. Poisoning by shell-fish and other fish. It is due to the absorption of a poison known as mytilotoxin, that exists chiefly in the liver of the mussel. The symptoms are numbness and coldness, apyrexia, dilated pupils, rapid pulse, and death from collapse, at times within two hours. Ichthytoxin (ik-the-toks/-īn) [ixbûg, fish; Tošikóv, poi- son]. A poisonous substance obtained from the blood- serum of eels. Icica (is/-īk-ah) [S. Am..]. A genus of amyridaceous trees, mostly of tropical America. Varieties of elemi, caranna and tacamahac are produced by trees of this genus. Unof. Icmacratia (ić-mak-ra/-she-ah) [ikuáç, moistness; dºpa- tía, weakness]. I. Inability to retain the fluids of the body. 2. Depraved or enfeebled state of the bodily fluids or humors. Obsolete. Icmastic (ik-mas/-tié) [ikuáç, fluid]. Relating to the fluids or humors of the body. Icon (i’-Åon) [eików, image]. An image or model. Iconography (i-kom-og/-ra-ſe) [eików, image; Ypápetv, to write]. A description by means of pictorial illus- tration. Icosander (i-Ao-san'-der) [eikool, twenty; &v%p, male]. In biology, a plant having twenty or more perigynous StamenS. Icterepatitis (ić-ter-ep-at-iſ-tis)[ikrepoc, jaundice; #1tap, liver; itag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the liver attended with jaundice. - Icteric (ić-ter/-ić) [ikteplkóg, pertaining to jaundice]. Pertaining to jaundice. Icterine (i//-ter-in) ſixtepog, jaundice]. with yellow marks. Icteritia (ić-ter-ish/-e-ah) [L.]. 2. Discoloration of the skin. Icteritious (ić-ter-ish/-us) [icteritia, jaundice]. Af. fected with icterus or icteritia. Icterode (i.4/-ter-ād) [ikrepºſónç, jaundiced]. Icteroid. Icteroid (i.4/-ter-oid) [ikrepoc, jaundice; elóoç, form]. Resembling or having the nature of jaundice. Icterophthisis (ić-ter-off’-this-is) [iktepog, jaundice; pffiat!, wasting]. Pulmonary tuberculosis with yellow discoloration of the skin. Icterus (ić/-ter-us) [ikrepoc, jaundice]. Jaundice, g. v. I. gravis, Acute Yellow Atrophy of the Liver. A rare disease of the liver in which there is a rapid wasting of the liver-substance, with marked jaundice, and death. It may be either primary or secondary. Associated with the jaundice are headache and marked cerebral symptoms, hemorrhage from the mucous sur- faces, and rise of temperature. The urine contains leucin and tyrosin. The liver is much reduced in weight, flattened, soft, its capsule wrinkled ; microsco- pically there is an extensive destruction of the liver- cells, due to fatty degeneration. The disease occurs most frequently in females, and in early adult life. The primary form of the disease is usually encountered in pregnancy and during the puerperium. The second- ary form may follow other morbid conditions of the liver, and phosphorus-poisoning. I., Hematogenic, See /azendice. I., Hepatogenic. See Aſepatogenic. I. neonatorum, that which is sometimes observed in an infant during the first few days after birth; it is pos- sibly an indirect result of tying the umbilical cord, or may be due to a breaking-down of the red blood-cor- puscles from exposure to cold. I., Urobilin, a form of jaundice, so called, due to the production in the body of an excess of urobilin by oxidation of the bile-pig- Yellow, or © I. Same as Icterus. 600 IDEOMOTION ments. The skin and conjunctivae are colored yellow, the urine dark-brown, but no true jaundice exists. Ictus (ić/-tus) [L., a stroke]. A sudden or unforeseen attack. I. epilepticus, an epileptic fit, I. paralyti- cus, a paralytic stroke. I. Solis, Sunstroke. Id [idus, the dividing or division]. In biology, ac- cording to Weismann’s theory of the germ-plasm, a vital unit of the third degree, having a definite struc- ture of determinants, which in their turn are made up of biophores; an ‘‘ancestral germ-plasm,” or unit containing all the primary constituents of the species. Each id represents an individuality, and is probably identical with the “microsome '’ of the nuclear rod. Cf. Idioplasm, Idant. -id, or ide (id) [idus, a term]. A suffix used in chem- istry to denote a combination of two elementary sub- StanceS. w Idant (i'-dant) [idus, the dividing or division]. In biology, according to Weismann's theory of the germ- plasm, a vital unit of the fourth degree; a group of ids, differing from the latter in not being perfectly invariable quantities, but only relatively constant, their constitution being modified from time to time, so that the ids which previously belonged to the idant A may later take part in the composition of the idant B or C. A chromosome (chromatosome) or nuclear rod, composed of vital units or ancestral plasms, termed id's or microsomata (microsomes). -ide [eiðog, resembling in form]. A suffix denoting resemblance to the object with the name of which the designated body is combined. Idea (?-de'-ah) ſióé, ióéa, form or semblance]. A men- *tal representation of something perceived. I.-chase, a condition in acute mania in which disconnected ideas and fancies flow rapidly through the mind. It is a term much used by German authors. I., Fixed, that form of mania in which one dominant idea controls all actions. I., Imperative, a morbid idea or insane suggestion imperiously demanding notice, the patient often being painfully conscious of its domination over his will. Ideation (i-de-a/-shun) [6%a, form or semblance]. The formation of a mental conception ; the cerebral action by which, or in accord with which, an idea is formed. Identical (i-dem/-tić-al) [identicus, the same]. The same. I. Points, corresponding points of the two retinae, or the two positions in normal eyes where the image of an object is focused upon the retinae. Identism (i-dem/-tizm) [idem, the same]. The theory that chancre, chancroid, and gonorrhea are due to one and the same poison or virus. Identist (i-dem/-fist) [idem, the same]. A term applied to one who believes in the identity of certain diseases, e.g., that gonorrhea and hard and soft chancre are due to the same specific virus, or that typhus and typhoid fevers are identical. Identity (i-dem/-tit-e) [idem, the same]; Absolute sameness. I., Personal, one’s personal existence; the continuity of one’s state as a person ; the reality of the existence of any person; in law, the fact of one being the person he is assumed to be ; that which is commonly proved by the establishment of simi- larity or sameness of age, sex, physical characteristics, marks, and peculiar habits. Ideo-dynamism (i-de-o-di/-nam-izm) [idéa, idea; ðūvapug, force]. The domination of an idea; the control exercised by a suggested idea over the subse- quent acts of a person who is, or has been, hyp- notized. Ideomotion (i-de-o-mo/-shun) [tóéa, idea; motio, a moving]. Motion or action due to some idea, and neither purely voluntary nor reflex. IDEO-MOTOR Ideo-motor (i-de-o-mo'-tor) [idea, a mental image; movere, to move]. Pertaining conjointly to ideation and movement. " I. Center, that part of the gray matter which, influenced by ideation, excites muscu- lar movement. I. Movements, unconscious move- ments, due to impulses of the mind when the attention is otherwise absorbed. Ideopegma (?-de-o-peg/-mah) [ióéa, idea; Tāyaa, a thing fixed; pl., Ideopegmata]. A fixed or dominant idea that colors all the thoughts of the patient and thus creates a monomania. Ideophrenia (i-de-o-fre/-ne-ah) [ióéa, , form ; phy, mind.]. Insanity with marked perversion of ideas. Ideophrenic (i-de-o-fren/-ić) [ióéa, form ; , ºpºv, mind]. Relating to, or marked by, ideophrenia. Ideoplastic (i-de-o-plas/-tić) [ióéa, idea; tāāooen, to form]. Giving shape to the ideas; that stage of hyp- notism in which the idea impressed on the brain of the subject is translated into action. Ideosynchysia, or Ideosynchysis (i-de-o-sin-Åi/-ze-ah, or i-de-o-sin/-his-is) [ióéa, idea; otyxvotç, a pouring together]. Confusion of ideas; delirium. -ideus (-id/-e-us) [lótoc, one's own]. A suffix having the sense of possession or ownership. Idianoia (id-e-an-oi/-ah) [iówog, own, peculiar; v6og, mind.]. Same as Idiocy. Idiempresis (id-e-em-pre’-sis) [iówoc, own; áutpmotº, burning]. Spontaneous combustion. Also, sponta- neous inflammation. Idio- (id’-e-o-) [iówog, own]. vidual peculiarity. Idiobiology (id-e-o-bi-o/ º [iózog, peculiar; 3ioc, life; 2.Éyetv, to speak]. The physiology of any particular organized body, as opposed to Aiontology, g. v. (J. Aitken Meigs.) * * Idioblast (id’-e-o-blast) [iólog, peculiar; 6%aoróg, off- shoot]. In biology, a histologic cell having a charac- ter different from that of the surrounding cells, owing to a difference either in its form or its contents, e.g., the stellate hair in the interior of the tissue of Aym- phaecea (Sachs). A prefix signifying indi- Idiocrasy (id-e-ok'-ras-e) [6tokpagia: tótoc, own; kpāouc, mixture]. Same as Idiosyncrasy. Idioctonia (id-e-oš-to/-ne-ah) [iótoç, own; Króvoc, kill- ing]. Self-murder; suicide. Idiocy (id/-e-o-se) [iówátmº, a private person]. A con- dition of mental deficiency, usually accompanied by physical degeneracy. It is characterized by a pecu- liar coarse, brutal, and cunning nature, with marked physical peculiarities. It is more common in males than in females. I. of Deprivation, that in which from birth there is a loss of two or more of the senses, with consequent lack of external impressions. I., Eclampsic, that following infantile convulsions. Fourteen per cent. of cases of idiocy are said to be of this origin. I., Epileptic, that associated with epilepsy. Such cases are the subjects of epileptic convulsions through life. I., Ethnic, a characteristic of certain idiocies of the Caucasian race, in which in- dividuals are seen who present a kind of mimicry of various other races of mankind. Among the types of genetous idiocy thus characterized, writers have de- scribed the American-Indian type, the AEthiopian or negroid, the Kalmuck, the Malayan, and the highly characterized Mongolian type, which includes about ten per cent. of all cases of idiocy. I., Genetous, those cases in which, although the causation is indefi- nite, the condition dates from fetal life. I., Hydro- cephalic, that dependent upon hydrocephalus. I., Inflammatory. See Z., 7%-aumatic. I., Micro- cephalic, that associated with smallness of the head. A circumference less than eighteen inches implies 601 IDIO PLASM idiocy. I., Paralytic, that from paralysis following injury before or after birth. I., Traumatic, that due to injury during labor or in early childhood. Idioderma (id-e-o-der/-mah). Same as Dermatitis tu. berosa. Idiodinic (id-e-o-dim/-i}) [ióloc, one's own ; divoc, ro- tation, a round area, taken in the sense of “pore”]. In biology, applied to animals that bring forth or re- produce by means of a special genital pore. Idio-electrics (id/-e-o-e-Mek/-triks) [iótoç, own; #2ektpov, amber]. A name formerly applied to such bodies as amber, resin, or glass, which are readily electrified by friction, and which were then supposed to be electric in themselves. Idioglossia (id-e-o-glos/-e-ah) [iólog, own, peculiar; yżógoa, tongue]. Extremely defective utterance, but one in which the same sound is used to express the same idea, even though the sounds used belong to no known language. Idiologism (id-e-o/-o jizm) [iólog, own; 26)0g, utter. ance]. A characteristic expression or form of utter- ance peculiar to any person, especially to an insane person. Idiometritis (id-e-o-me-tri/-tis) [ióloſ, own; uſirpa, womb; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the parenchymatous substance of the womb. Idiomiasma (id-e-o-mi-az’-mah) [ióloſ, own; putaoua, stain, defilement: pl., Idiomiasmata]. A term for any noxious exhalation from the body. Idiomology (id-e-o-mo/-o-je) [ióioua, a peculiar phrase- ology, idiom ; 2.Éyetv, to speak]. The study of the peculiarities of speech of various races. Idio-muscular (id-e-o-mus/-ku-lar) [iótoç, own; muscul- als, muscle]. Peculiar to muscular tissue; not involving any nerve-stimulus or any function of the organism, except those of the muscle itself. I. Contraction, the contraction of a fatigued or tired muscle under certain conditions of extraneous stimulus. Idioneurosis (id-e-o-nu-ro/-sis) [iózog, own ; veipov, a nerve; v6oog, disease]. An affection due to some dis- turbed or abnormal condition of the nerves supplying the affected part; a simple and uncomplicated neurosis. Idionym (id’-e-o-mim) [iólog, own ; Śviga, name]. A term restricted in its application to a particular Organ. Idiopathic (id-e-o-path/-i}) [iólog, own; Tāffog, disease] Not consequent or dependent upon another disease, or known or recognized cause. The antithesis of sympathetic, deuteropathic. I. Dysmenorrhea, pain- ful menstruation unassociated with organic lesion or displacement. Idiopathy (id-i-op/-ath-e) [iówoç, own; Tábog, disease]. I. An idiopathic disease or condition. 2. The fact or quality of being idiopathic. Idiophrenic (id-e-o-fren/-ié) [iólog, own; ppäv, mind.]. Due to disease of the brain ; a term used to designate certain forms of insanity. Idioplasm (id’’-e-o-plazm) [iówoc, peculiar; Tââoua, a thing formed]. In biology, a term introduced by Nägeli for a special hereditary reproductive substance not contained in the body of the cell, but in the chromo- somes of the nucleus, controlling and determining the actual characters of the particular cell, and also those of all of its descendants. Each idioplasm is com- posed of several or many ids (q. z.), which are capable of growth and multiplication by division; although much smaller in bulk than the rest of the living sub- stance of the cell or body (trophoplasm), idioplasm is the active element in the process of formation, and determines the detailed construction of the tropho- plasm, which is the passive element. I., Accessory (AWeben-idioplasm), a special, minute group of “supple- IDIOPSYCHOLOGY 602 mentary determinants’’ enclosed within the id in the neighborhood of the determinants which control the cell in question, and rendering the cell capable of regeneration of tissues other than that of which it is a component, I., Bone, that form of idioplasm which contains the determinants of bone-cells. Cf. Germ- plasm. I., Nägeli's. See Heredity. Idiopsychology (id-e-o-si-ko/-o-je) [iówog, own; buxiff, soul]. Psychology based upon introspective study of one’s own mental acts. Cf. Heteropsychology. Idioretinal (io-e-o-ret'-in-al) [iótoç, own; retina, ret- ina]. Peculiar or proper to the retina. Idiospasm (id’’-e-o-spazm) [tólog, own; otaguóg, spasm]. A spasm or cramp confined to one part. Idiospastic (id-e-o-spas/-tić) [100g, one's own; oraort- kóg, stretching]. Pertaining to Zaiospasm. Idiosthenia (id-e-o-st/he/-zee-a/) [iózog, one’s own; offévog, strength]. Having innate or spontaneous strength or power. Idiosyncrasy (id-e-o-sin'-Ara-se) [iówootykpaolc, peculi- arity of temperament]. Any special or peculiar char- acteristic or temperament by which a person differs from other persons of ordinary habits. I., Hemor- rhagic. See Aemophilia. I., Imaginary, a hysteric aversion to certain foods or medicines. I., Olfac- tory, a perversion of the sense of smell. Idiosyncratic (id-e-o-sin-Arat/-ić) [iówootykpagug, peculi- arity of temperament]. Pertaining to idiosyncrasy. I. Coryza, a synonym of Hay-ſever. Idiot (id'-e-ot) [iótáTmc, a private person]. A person of imperfect, deficient or arrested mental develop- ment, either congenital or due to causes arising soon after birth. I. Savant, an idiot who has a con- siderable or even remarkable mental development in certain directions, as in musical art, in mathematics, in memory, or in mechanical ingenuity. Idiotcy (id/-e-of-se), Idiotism (id’-e-of-izm), Idiotry (id/-e-of-ry) [iótármº, a private person]. Idiocy, q.v. Idiothalamous (id-e-o-tha/-am-us) [iówoc, one’s own; 6ážaplog, a room]. In biology, applied to such lichens as have certain parts of a different character from the thallus. Idiotia (id-e-o/-she-ah) [ióloteta, the condition of an idiot]. A state of idiocy; idiotism. Idolum (id-o'-lum) [cióð%ov, an image]. or hallucination. - Idrodermia(id-ro-der/-me-ah)[iópáç,sweat; 6épua,skin]. An affection of the sudoriferous glands of the body. Idromania (id-ro-ma/-ne-ah) ſióóp, water; plavia, mania]. Hydromania; insane desire for water, or to commit suicide by drowning. Idrosadenitis (id-ros-ad-en-i/-tis). Idrosis (id-ro/-sis). See Hidrosis. Idryl (id/-ril). See Fluorantheme. Igasuric Acid (ig-as-ze/-rić) [Malay, igasur; ignatia]. An acid occurring in St. Ignatius’ bean, and certain other plants containing Strychnin. Igasurin (ig-as-uſ-rin) [Malay, gasur; ignatia]. An alkaloid from ignatia, said to be more poisonous than brucin. Its existence as a definite compound has been denied. Ignatia (ig-na/-she-ah) [from Ignatius, the founder of the Jesuits: gen., Ignatiº]. St. Ignatius' bean. The seed of Strychnos ignatii, with properties due to the alkaloids strychnin and breecin, of which the plant contains of each about I per cent. It is said by some to contain igasurin, 7, v. Its therapeutic effects are similar to those of nux vomica, 7. v. It is recom- mended in hysteria, and is highly efficient in controlling the functions of the cerebro-spinal axis. I., Ab- stractum. Dose gr. ss—j. I., Tinct., contains IO per cent. of the drug. Dose muij-x. An illusion See Hidrosadenztis. ILEOLOGY Ignavia (ig-na/-we-ah) [L.]. Sluggishness; abnormal slowness of function. Ignipuncture (ig-ne-pumá/-tär) [ignis, fire; punctura, puncture]. A method of cauterization employed in the treatment of certain forms of hypertrophy by the introduction of platinum needles heated to whiteness by the electric current. Ignis (ig/-nis) [L. J. Fire. Combustion distinguished by rapid oxidation. I. actualis, actual cautery. I. fatuus, the phenomenon known as Jack o’ Lantern, Will o' the Wisp, etc. I. sacer, an obsolete name for erysipelas. See Anthrax and Herpes zoster. I. sancti Antonii, Saint Anthony’s Fire, a common name for erysipelas. Ignition (ig-nish/-um) [ignis, fire]. The process of heating solids, especially inorganic compounds, until all volatile matter has been driven off. Ihering's Line. See Lines, Table of Ihle's Paste. A modification of Lassar’s paste. It is composed of resorcin, gr. IO to 60; lanolin, vase- lin, oxid of zinc, and powdered starch, each, 2 drams. It is used in eczema. Ikota (ić-o/-tah) [Siberian]. A form of religious and hysteric mania, prevailing among the women of Siberia. Ileac (i./-e-aſſ) [eiželv, to roll]. Pertaining to the ileum. I. Passion, an ailment characterized by severe griping pains and vomiting of fecal matter, together with spasm of the abdominal muscles. - Ileadelphus (il-e-ad-e/-fus) [eiželv, to roll; āóe??óg, a brother]. A monstrosity double from the pelvis downward. Ileitic (il-e-it/-ä) [eiàelv, to roll; tric, inflammation]. Pertaining to or affected with ileitis. Ileitis (iſ-e-i/-tis) ſeizetw, to roll; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ileum. Ileo- (il/-e-o-) [eiželv, to roll]. A prefix signifying con- nection or relation to the ileum. I.-cecal, pertaining or belonging to both ileum and cecum. I.-c. Fossa, a depression in the lower part of the small intestine at the base of the vermiform process. I.-c. Valve, a valve consisting of two folds of mucosa that guards the passage between the ileum and cecum. I.-costalis. See Muscles, Table of I.-lumbar, pertaining to the ileum and the lumbar region. I.-1. Ligament. See Ligament. I.-typhoid, a synonym for typhoid or enteric fever. Ileo-cleisis (il-e-o-Ali/-sis) ſei?etv, to roll; KWeietv, to lock]. Obstruction or closure of the ileum. Ileo-colic (il-e-o-ko/-i}) [eižew, to roll ; kóżov, colon]. Pertaining conjointly to the ileum and the colon. I.-c. Valve. Same as /leocecal Valve. Ileo-colitis (iſ-e-o-ko-li’-tis) [ethelv, to roll; kóżov, colon; tıç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lower part of the ileum and the colon. It is com- monly known as intestinal catarrh. Ileo-colostomy (il-e-o-ko-los/-to-me) ſei?elv, to roll; kóżov, colon; otóua, mouth]. The surgical establish- ment of an artificial communication between the ileum and the colon. - Ileo-colotomy (il-e-o-Éo-lof/-o-me) ſei?elv, to roll; kóżov, colon; tāuvelv, to cut]. A surgical operation upon the ileum and the colon. - Ileodicliditis (il-e-o-dić-lid-i/-tis) ſei?elv, to roll; duk'Aſc, valve; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ileo- cecal valve. Ileo-ileostomy (il-e-o-iſ-e-osſ-to-me) [eiželv, to roll ; eiželv, to roll; otóua, mouth]. The surgical operation of establishing an artificial communication between two different parts of the ileum. Ileology (il-e-o/-o-je) [cižetv, to roll; Aóyoc, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the ileum. ILEOPISOLITIS Ileopisolitis (il-e-o-pis-o-º/-tis) [eiàelv, to roll; pisum, a pea; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of Peyer's patches or glands. - Ileoproctostomy (il-e-o-proß-tosſ-to-me) ſeizetw, to roll; Tpokróg, rectum; oróaa, mouth]. The surgical estab- lishment of an artificial communication between the ileum and the rectum. Ileorectostomy (il-e-o-rek-tosſ-to-me). tomy. Ileos (iſ/-e-os). See Ileus. Ileostomy (il-e-osſ-to-me) [elàelv, to roll; otóua, mouth]. The surgical establishment of a passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum, or from the ileum to Some other hollow organ. Ileotyphus (il-e-o-fi/fus) [elſelv, to roll; tigoc, smoke]. Enteric or typhoid fever. Ileum (iſ/-e-um) [eißeiv, to roll]. The lower portion of the small intestine. It receives its name from its peristaltic movement. Ileus (iſ-e-us) [etWedg; eiàew, to roll]. Same as IZeac or Iliac Passion ; volvulus. I. inflammatorius. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. I. spasmod- icus. Synonym of Enteralgia. - Ilex (i./-leás) [L., the holm-oak]. A genus of aqui- foliaceous trees and shrubs of many species; the hol- lies. I. aquifolium, common European holly; the bark and leaves have medicinal uses. I. cassine. See Cassena. I. opaca, American holly; it has the proper- ties of Z. aquifolium. I. glabra, and I. verticillata, of the U. S., are tonic, febrifuge, and astringent. See also Maté. All unof. Ilia (il/-e-ah) [L. : pl. of Ilium]. The iliac bones; the flanks or loins. Iliac (t/-e-aſſ) [ilia, the flanks]. Pertaining to the ilium or to the flanks. I. Aneurysm, one occurring at the groin. I. Artery. See Arteries, Table of I. Crest, the upper free margin of the ilium to which the ab- dominal muscles are attached. I. Fascia. See Aascia. I. Fossa. See Fossa. I. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of I. Region, one of the regions into which the abdomen is conventionally divided. See Abdomezz. Iliaco- (il-i/-aē-o-) [ilia, the loins]. A prefix signifying relation to the loins. I.-femoral, relating to the ilium and the femur. I.-trochanteric, relating to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur. Iliacus (il-i/-ak-us). See Muscles, Table of Iliadelphus (il-e-ad-el/-fus) [ilia, flanks; &ós?ſpóg, bro- ther]. A monstrosity double from the pelvis up- ward. Ilicin (i./-is-in) ſilex, the holm-oak]. A crystalline febrifugal principle from the leaves of Ilex aquifo- /ium. Ilien (iſ/-e-en) [ilia, the loins]. in itself. Ilio- (iſ-e-o-) [ilium, the ilium]. A prefix to denote rela- tion to or connection with the ilium. I.-capsularis, a muscle occasionally found in man, originating at the anterior inferior spine of the ilium and in- serted into the ilio-femoral ligament. See Muscles, Table of I.-femoral, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the femur. I.-f. Crease. See Crease. I.-f. Ligament, an inverted V-shaped ligament extending obliquely across the hip-joint, from the anterior inferior spine of the ilium to the trochanters of the femur, pre- venting over-extension of the joint. a triangle of which the base is a line drawn from the summit of the great trochanter to the anterior superior spine of the ilium, and the apex is formed by lines drawn backward from the anterior superior spine and upward from the summit of the trochanter. See Triangles, Table of I.-hypogastric, pertaining conjointly to See Ileoproctos- Belonging to the ilium 603 I.-f. Triangle, ILLUMINATION the ilium and the hypogastrium. I.-h. Nerve. See Merves, Table of I.-inguinal, pertaining to the ilium and the groin. I.-i. Nerve. See AVerves, Table of I.-lumbar, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the loins. I.-1. Artery, a branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery, supplying the iliacus, and also the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles. See Arteries, 7able of I.-1. Muscle, that part of the quadratus lumborum muscle that is inserted into the tips of the processes of the lumbar verte- brae. See Muscles, Table of I.-pectineal, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the pubes. I.-p. Ligament, that part of the iliac fascia by which Poupart's ligament and the sheath of the crural vessels are attached to the os pubis. I.-p. Line, the ridge reaching from the spine of the os pubis to the auricular surface of the ilium. See Zinzes, Zable of I.-pelvic, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the pelvis. I.-p. Abscess, suppuration sometimes occurring over the iliacus muscle during labor, and commonly due to the laceration of mus- cular fibers. I.-perineal, relating to the ilium and the perineal region. I.-polymelius, a monstrosity with supernumerary limbs attached to the ilium I.- psoas, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the loins. I.-p. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of I.- pubic, relating to both ilium and pubes. I.-spinal, relating to the ilium and the spinal column. I.- tibial, pertaining to or connecting the ilium and the tibia. I.-t. Band, a thickened portion of the fascia lata extending from the outer tuberosity of the tibia to the iliac crest. I.-trochanteric, pertaining to the ileum and a trochanter. Ilium (iſ/-e-um) [L.]. The upper part of the os inno- mimatum. The haunch-bone. Ilixanthin (iſ-iés-an/-thin) [ilex, holly; £avóóc, yellow], Cin H22O11. A yellow crystalline coloring-matter found in holly. The crystals melt at 198° C., and are soluble in hot water and alcohol. Ill (il) [ME., ille, ill]. Sick; diseased; unwell. Illacrimation (il-lak-rim-a/-shum) [illacrimatio; in, on ; lacrima, a tear]. Same as Epiphora. Illaqueation (il-laž-we-a/-shum) [illaqueare, to en- snare]. A method of changing the direction of mis- placed cilia, by withdrawing them, by a noose, through an opening in the adjacent tissue of the lid. Illegitimacy (il-e-jit'-in-a-se) [in, not; legitimus, ac- cording to law]. The condition of being unlawful, or not legitimate. Illegitimate (il-e-jit/-im-at) [in, not; legitimus, accord- ing to law]. Not in accordance with statutory law. I. Child, one born out of lawful wedlock ; a bastard. Illequation (il-e-Awa’-shun). See Illaqueation. Illicium (il-is/-e-um) [illicere, to entice]. Star Anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum, with properties due to a volatile oil identical with oil of anise. A//icium is properly the name of a genus of magnoliaceous trees and shrubs. I. floridanum, of the Gulf States, has poisonous leaves. I. religiosum, of Asia, is said to be highly poisonous. I. verum, is said to yield the star anise of commerce. Unof Illness (i./-nes) [ME., ille, ill]. an attack of disease. Illumination (il-oo-min-a/-shum) [illuminare, to make light]. A light produced by a luminous body, and reflected by surrounding objects. In photometry, the unit of intensity of illumination is that given by a standard candle at a distance of one foot. I., Dark- ground, in microscopsy, a condition in which the object appears self-luminous on a dark back-ground. This occurs when the rays of light are too oblique to enter the front lens of the objective, except such as Sickness; disease; ILLUMINATOR are reflected or refracted from the object itself. I. of Eye, the lighting up of the interior of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscopic mirror, I., Oblique, in microscopy, an illumination produced by throwing the rays of light upon an object at any angle of inclina- tion. In ophthalmology, oblique illumination of the cornea consists in focusing a pencil of rays obliquely upon the part. Illuminator (il-oo’-min-a-tor) [illuminare, to make light]. In microscopy, an optic apparatus for con- centrating light. I., Abbè, an illuminating apparatus for the microscope designed by Professor Abbè. Abbe’s Condenser. - Illuminism (il-oo’-min-izm) [illuminare, to make bright]. Insane exaltation; especially exaltation with belief in one’s communion or direct intercourse with supernatural or heavenly beings. Illusion (il-lu'-zhun) [illusio, a mocking]. A false or deceptive mental impression. Illusion differs from hallucination in that it is the false interpretation by the mind of a real sensation. The senses are not at fault in case of illusions, and the defective process is purely psychic. The distinction between illusion and halluci- nation is, however, by no means a constant one. Illusional (iſ-lu'-zhun-al) [illusio, a mocking]. Of the nature of an illusion. Illutation (il-lu-ta/-shun) [in, in ; lutum, mud]. Treat- ment of disease by the mud-bath. - Image (im/-āj) [imago, a likeness]. The picture of an object formed by the focused rays of light proceeding from it. I., After. See. After-image. I., Diffusion of. See Diffusion. I., Direct, or I., Erect, that of the fundus oculi as seen with the ophthalmoscope, the details of the fundus presenting their natural rela- tions. I., Inverted, that obtained by interposing between the ophthalmoscope and the observed eye a high-power lens; it is an aérial image at the focus of the lens used. I., Real, that made by the focused re- flected rays. I., Refraction, an image due to the refraction of light upon entering and leaving an object. Two things are involved: I. The form of the object. 2. The relative refractive power of the object and the mounting-medium. I., Subjective, a photism; also a visual hallucination. I., Virtual, that produced by the imaginary focus of the rays, as, e. g., behind a IIll IrOr. Imaginal (im-a/-in-al) [imago, an image]. Pertain- ing to the Zmage, g. v. I. Discs, in entomology, the name given by Weismann to curious encapsulated groups of embryonal cells, connected with the nerves and nerve-centers of certain insect larvae (Diptera). They are the rudiments from which the nymph is developed. Imagination (im-aſ-in-a/-shun) [imaginatio, imagin- ation]. The picture-making power of the mind. The faculty by which one creates ideas or mental pictures by means of the data derived from experience, ideally revivified, extended, and combined in new forms. Imago (im-a/-go) [L.; gen., Imaginis]. An image. Also, the final, adult, or reproductive stage of an insect. Imbalance (im-baſ'-ans) [in, not; bilancia, a balance]. Lack of balance; lack of the power of keeping the erect position; lack of muscular balance (as between the muscle of the eyes). Imbecile(im/-bes-il)[imbecillus,weak]. Feeble in mind. Imbecility (im-bes-i/-īt-e) [imbecil/itas, imbecility]. Mental weakness or defect, similar to that of idiocy, but of less degree. Imbibe (im-bib’) [imbibere, to drink inj. suck in. To drink or 604 IMMUNITY Imbibition º [imbibitio, a drinking inj. The sucking up, or capillary absorption, of moisture, liquids, or gaseous substances by inorganic, or by dead or torpid organic bodies. Imbowelling (im-bow/-e/-ing). ation. Imbricate (im/-brić-át) [imbricare, to cover with tiles]. Applied to that arrangement of scales, feathers, leaves, or floral organs in the bud, in which they overlap like shingles on a roof. - Imbricated (im/-brié-a-ted) [imbrex, a roof-tile]. Dis- tinguished by overlapping. Applied to the position and arrangement of scales in certain squamous diseases of the skin. Imitation (im-it-a/-shun) [imitari, to imitate]. A production that is similar to, or a copy of, another ob- ject or process. I., Morbid, the occurrence of a convulsive or mental affection brought about by ob- serving a similar affection in another; mental con- . tagion. Immaculate (im-a/-u-lat) [in, not; macula, a spot]. Pure; spotless. Immarginate (im-ar/-jin-át) [in, not; marginare, to furnish with a border]. In biology, having no well- defined border. Immature (im-at-air/) [immaturus, unripe]. Not ripe; not yet of an adult age or growth. Immediate (im-me/-de-āt) [in, not; medio, the middle]. Direct. Without anything intervening, as immediate auscultation or percussion. I. Contagion, that from a direct source. I. Ligature. See Zigature. I. Union, union by first intention, or without suppurative granu- lation. Immedicable (im-med/-ik-ab-/) [in, not; medicare, to cure]. That which does not yield to medicine or treatment. Incurable. Immersion (im-mer/-shum) [in, in ; mergere, to dipl. The plunging of a body into a liquid. In medicine, treatment by a continued bath. See Oi!-immersion, Water-immersion. I.-bath, the liquid employed for immersion. I.-battery, a form of battery in which, by inclining the cell, the elements are immersed in the liquid. I., Homogeneous, a fluid between the objective of a microscope and the cover-glass, having about the same refractive and dispersive power as the glass. I., Objective, a microscope-objective, usually of high power, the lower lens of which is immersed in a drop of water, glycerin, or oil, placed on the cover-glass of the object under examination. Immissio (im-ish/-e-o) [L.]. Insertion. I. catheteris. See Cathete, ism. I. penis, introduction of the penis into the vagina. - Immission (im-mish/-un) [immissio, a letting in J. Introduction, as of a catheter. Immobilization (im-mob-i/-īz-a/-shun) [immobilis, im- movable; facere, to make]. The surgical fixation of a part (as a fractured bone) by means that prevent any local motion. - Immortality (im-mor-ta/-it-e) [immortalitas, undying- ness]. Exemption from death ; unending existence. I. of Germ-cells. See Heredity; also, Germ-plasma. Immune (im-mün/) [immunis, safe). I. Safe from at- tack; protected by vaccination, or some analogous procedure, or by previous illness. 2. A person who is protected against any special virus. I. Animal. See Control-experiment. Immunity (im-mân/-it-e) [immunitas, exemption]. The condition of an organ, or of the body, whereby it resists . the development of infectious or morbid processes. The inoculation of attenuated virus and of chemic compounds are examples of methods by which im- munity is acquired. It has also been shown that inflam- Same as Eviscer- IMMUNIZATION matory action is inhibitive of bacterial development. I., Acquired, that derived from a previous attack of the same disease or from a modified form, as varioloid, or artificially produced by inoculation. I., Artificial, that produced by inoculation with the virus of a disease. I., Natural, the natural resistance of the tissues or system. Immunization may be transient or perma- nent, relative or absolute. Immunization (im-mün-iz-a/-shum) [immunitas, ex- emption]. The act or process of endowing with im- munity. Immunize (im/-mân-áz) [immunis, exempt]. To give or to acquire immunity. Impact (im/-paké) [impactus ; impingere, to drive into or against]. A forcible striking against. Impacted (im-ºak/-fed) [impactus, impingere, to drive into or against]. Driven against and retained, as a wedge. I. Fracture, one in which the fragments of bone are driven into one another in such a manner as to cause shortening. Impaction (im-paß’-shun) [impactio, impact]. The state or quality of being impacted; fracture with fixa- tion of the fragments; obstinate constipation; the wedging of the fetal head in the pelvic canal. Impalement (im-pâ/-ment) [in, in ; pal, a pale or picket]. The perforation of the body or a part by a rod or stake. - Impalpable (im-pa/-pa-b/) [impalpabilis, impalpable]. That which cannot be felt; unappreciable by touch. I. Powder, a powder so fine that its separate particles cannot be felt. - Impalsy (im-paw/-ze) [in, in ; M.E., palsey, palsy]. To paralyze. Impaludism (im-pa/-u-dizm) [in, in ; palus, a marsh]. Chronic malarial poisoning. Impar (im/-par) [in, not; par, equal]. Odd or unequal. I., Ganglion, a small ganglion on the coccyx. See Ganglia, Table of Imparipinnate (im-par-ip-in/-ät) [impar, unequal; pinnatus, feathered]. In biology, unequally pinnate; having an odd leaflet at the apex. - Impatiens (im-pa/-she-enz) [L., impatient]. Touch- me-not; jewel-weed or balsamine ; a genus of gera- niaceous plants. I. balsamina and I. lutea, of the old world, and I. fulva and I. pallida, of the U. S., are diuretic, emetic, and cathartic. Unof. Impatiinid (im-pa/-te-in-id) [impatiens, impatient]. A resinous emetic principle obtainable from Zmpatiens Mutea. Unof. - Impennate (im-pen/-ät) [in, not; pennatus, winged]. In biology, applied to such birds, as the penguin, as have short wings covered with scale-like feathers. Impennous (im-pen/-us) [in, not; penna, wing]. In biology, without wings. Imperative (im-per-at-iv) [imperativus, imperative]. Peremptory; absolute; binding. I. Idea. See Idea, Imperative. Imperatoria (im-per-at-o/-re-ah) [imperatorius, be- longing to a commander]. A genus of umbelliferous plants; masterworts. I. ostruthium, false pellitory of Spain, is an aromatic stimulant, once prized as a polychrest remedy, but now little used. Unof. Imperfection (im-per-ſek/-shun) [imperfectus, imper- fect]. A physical defect. . Imperforate (im-per/-for-āţ) [in, not; perforare, to pierce]. Congenitally and abnormally closed; applied to an opening of the body, as the anus, vagina, etc. See Occlusion and Obstruction. Imperforation (im-per-for-a/-shun) [imperforatio; in, not; perforare, to bore through]. Occlusion; applied especially to the anus, hymen, vagina, etc. Imperial (im-pe/-re-al) [imperialis, pertaining to an 605 IMPLANTATION empire]. Sovereign; commanding. I.-blue. Same as Spirit-blue. I. Drink or Draft, potus imper- ialis, a solution of a half-ounce of potassium bitar- trate in three pints of hot water, to which are added four ounces of sugar and half an ounce of fresh lemon- peel. It is a good diuretic and refrigerant drink. Unof. I. granum, a farinaceous food for infants. Its composition is: Water 5.49, fat I.OI, a trace each of grape-sugar and cane-Sugar, starch 78.93, soluble carbohydrates 3.56, albuminoids Io. 51, gum, cellulose, etc., O.50, ash I. I6. I.-green. Same as Schweinfurth-greem. I.-violet. Same as Rosan- 2/772-zzolet. Imperialin (im-£e/-re-al-in) [imperialis, pertaining to an empire]. An alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis, or crown imperial; it acts upon the heart. Unof. Impermeable (im-per/-me-a-b/) [in, not; £er, through ; meare, to go]. Not capable of being traversed. Impervious (im-£er/-ve-us) [in, not; pervius, capable of passage]. Not permitting a passage through. Impetiginoid (im-pet-ij (-in-oid) [impetigo, impetigo ; impetere, to attack; eiðog, like]. Same as Ampetigº- %202/S. Impetiginous (im-pet-j'-in-us) [impetigo, impetere, to attack]. Affected with or resembling impetigo. Impetigo (im-pet-i/-go) [impetigo, impetere, to at- tack]. An acute inflammatory skin-disease character- ized by one or more pea-sized or finger-nail sized, discrete, rounded, and elevated firm pustules, unat- tended, as a rule, by itching or other subjective symp- toms. The pustules are rounded, with thick walls, and are surrounded by areolae. They appear suddenly, and come out one after another during the first week of the attack, attain full size, and then undergo ab- sorption or crusting. No scar or pigmentation fol lows. The disease is likely to occur in children. I. annua. See Aleppo Boil. I. capitis. Same as Bczema capitis. I. contagiosa, Porrigo contagiosa ; an acute, inflammatory, contagious disease, due to the presence of a microörganism, and characterized by the appearance of vesico-pustules or blebs, that dry into flat, straw-colored, granular-looking crusts. The disease occurs usually in children. The vesicles vary in size from minute points to that of a quarter of a dollar, and the contents, at first serous, become sero- purulent, and then dry up. The disease is most prone to attack the face and hands. I., Duhring's, differs from the foregoing by being non-infectious. See Dis- eases, Table of I. erysipelodes, an old term for Aczema pustulosum, with deeper inflammation than usual. I. granulata. Same as Pediczz/osis. I. her- petiformis, Aſerpes pyamicus; a very rare disease of the skin, characterized by the formation of superficial mili- ary pustules, that may be discrete, but are usually closely set. The contents of the pustules are at first opaque, but become greenish-yellow, and dry up into dirty- brown crusts. The disease spreads until the whole surface is covered with swollen, crusted, and excori- ated patches. It develops first on the inner side of the thighs, and about the groins, navel, breasts, and axillae, and is mainly seen in pregnant women. The termination is fatal, as a rule. I. rodens, an old term for a carcinomatous disease of the skin. I. scabida, an old term for Eczema pustulosum, with unusually thick crusting. I. sparsa, an old term for small, scattered patches of Eczema pustulosum. I., Syph- ilitic. See Syphilid, Impetiginous. Impetus (im/-pe-tus) [L.]. I. Force or momentum. 2. The onset or attack of a disease, or of a paroxysm. Implantation (im-plan-ta/-shun) ſimplantatio in, in ; plantare, to Set]. The act of setting in. Also, the transplantation of a tooth from the jaw of one person IMPLEXOUS to that of another. Also, the engrafting of epidermis from the skin of one person upon the body of another. The surgical repair of a wounded intestine by unit- ing the divided ends. I., End-to-end, the approxi- mation of the ends of a divided structure, as of the bowel, or a nerve. I., Hypodermatic, the intro- duction of a medicine in the form of a soluble solid under the skin for therapeutic purposes. I., Teratologic, a fetal monstrosity consisting of an im- perfect, joined to a perfect fetus. Implexous (im-pleks/-us) [implectere, to entwine, en- tangle]. In biology, entangled. Implumous (im-p/u/-mus) [in, without ; pluma, feathers]. In biology, featherless. Imponderable (im-pom/-der-a-bl) [in, not ; pondera. &iſis, that which can be weighed.] That which cannot be weighed. I. Fluids, an obsolete term, formerly applied to light, heat, and electricity. Importation (im-por-ta/-shun) [in, in ; portare, to carry]. Transference from another locality or foreign country. I. of Disease, the carrying of the conta- gion of disease. Imposthumate (im-posſ-fu-māt) [corrupt form of apos- temate]. To suppurate. Imposthume (im-pos/-tum) [a corrupt form of apos- te/na]. An abscess. Impotence (im/-po-tems) [in, not ; possum, to be able]. Lack of power, applied especially to male incapacity of procreation. It is variously quâlified as atomic, when due to spinal or central exhaustion; paralytic or paretic, when the impulse that leads to the perform- ance of the function is abolished; psychic, when due to fear, bashfulness, or mental disturbance; symp- ſomatic, when due to some drug, or to a disturbance of the health. Impregnation (im-£reg-na/-shun) [impragmatio, the state of being with child]. The state of being preg- nant ; the act of impregnating; fecundation; fertili- Zatl Ol). Impressio (im-pres/-e-o) [L.]. An impression. I. colica, an impression on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver for the hepatic flexure of the colon. I. renalis, an impression behind the Z. colica for the right kidney and suprarenal capsule. Impression (im-fresh/-un) [impressio, imprimere, to press upon]. A hollow or depression. I.-cup, in dentistry, a cup or tray of metal, porcelain, gutta- percha, or other substance, used for conveying to the mouth and holding in position the material for impres- sions. I., Digital, the mark made by the pressure of a finger upon an edematous limb, or upon the neck in strangulation. I., Rhomboid, a broad impression on the inferior surface of the clavicle, near the sternal end, for the attachment of the rhomboid ligament. Impressionable (im-pres/-un-a-b/) [impressio, an im- pression]. Readily susceptible to impressions. I. Heart, the condition of the heart in which it is very liable to functional disturbance. Impressorium (im-pres-oſ-re-um) [L.]. impressions; sensorium. Impuberal (im-£u/-Öer-al) [impuber, impubes, in, not; pubes, pubes]. Destitute of hair on the pubes. Not of adult age. Impulse (im/-puls) [impulsus; impellere, to drive against]. Any communicated force. Also, the shock and reverberation on the chest-walls caused by the beating of the heart. Also, a sudden spontaneous emotion of the mind or influence acting upon it. I., Cardiac, the systolic beat of the heart occurring at the apex, and felt in the fifth intercostal space to the left of the sternum. I., Morbid, any strong, unnatural impulse, especially one of an insane character. Morbid The seat of 606 INCARIAL BONE impulses are variously qualified, as animal, destructive, Aomicidal, suicidal, uncontrollable, etc. Impulsion (im-pul/-shun) [impellere, to impel]. The act of driving or urging onward, either mentally or physically. Impurity (im-pu’-riţ-e) [in, not ; purus, pure or clean]. Want of purity or cleanliness. In chemistry, the con- dition of containing some substance other than that desired. Adulteration. In medicine, a want of clear- ness in the sounds of the heart, but not sufficient to CallSé a IIlull Inllr. Imputability (in-pu-tab-i/-it-e) [imputabilitas, imput- ability]. In legal medicine, that degree of mental soundness that makes one responsible for his own acts. In- [L.]. A prefix signifying in or within. Also, a particle signifying negation. -in, or -ine (in). A suffix seen in the names of the hal- ogen elements, chlorin, bromin, iodin, and fluorin. Also, a distinctive termination used to distinguish or- ganic bases, particularly the class known as alkaloids. It is also loosely applied to certain organic radicles, and to many glucosids. Inadequacy (in-ad/-e-gwa-se) [in, not ; adaquare, to make equal]. Same as /nsufficiency. I., Renal, that state of the kidney in which it is unable to remove from the blood a sufficient proportion of the effete matters that are normally excreted by it. Inanagenesis (in-an-aſ-en/-es-is) [ig, fiber; &vá, again; yévêqug, production]. The renewal or regeneration of muscular fiber. Inanaphysis (in-an-af’-is-is) [ig, fiber; āvá, again; pūolç, growth.J. Same as /managemesis, Inanimate (in-an/-im-āt) [in, not; animus, life]. Not animate; dead; without life. Inanition (in-an-ish/-um) [inamire, to make empty]. Emptiness of the organs of digestion from want of food. Also, wasting of the body from starvation or disease. Synonym of Aasting. Inantherate (in-an/-ther-at) [in, without; anthera, anther]. In biology, destitute of anthers. Inantinial (in-an-tin/-e-al) [víov, the nape of the neck; ãvri, against; ivtov, the nape of the neck]. Inio-an- tinial ; pertaining to the inion and the antinion. Inappendiculate (in-ap-en-dić/-u-laſ) [in, without ; appendicula, dim. of appendix, an appendage]. In biology, destitute of appendages. Inappetence (in-ap/-et-ens) [in, not; appetere, to de- sire]. Loss or want of appetite. Inappetentia (in-ap-et-en/-she-ah) [L.]. Azzorexia. Inarticulate (in-ar-ſik/-at-lat) [in, not ; articulus, a joint]. Not jointed or articulated. Also, vocal sounds not capable of arrangement into syllables, or of being understood. Inassimilable (in-as-im/-iſ-a-6/) [in, not; assimulare, to make like]. Incapable of assimilation. Incandescent (in-kan-des/-ent) [incandescere, to be- come white-hot]. Emitting luminous heat-rays; heated to the degree of emitting light. I. Electric Light, one consisting of a film of carbon of high re- sistance enclosed in a vacuous glass globe. The film emits a white light when the current passes through it. Incapacity (in-kap-asſ-it-e). See Poli incapax ; also Jmpotence. Incarcerated (in-kar’-ser-a-fed) [incarcerare, to im- prison]. Imprisoned; closely constricted. Incarceration (in-kar-ser-a/-shun) [incarceratio; in, in ; carcerare, to imprison]. The condition of im- prisonment or confinement of a part, as of the pla- centa. See also Hernia. Incarial Bone (in-ka/-re-al)[Peruvian, Inca, a prince]. The interparietal bone; usually in adult man a part Synonym of INCARNATIO 607 of the occipital bone. It is called incarial, because, in the skeletons of ancient Peru, the land of the In- cas, it is often persistent as a distinct bone. Incarnatio (in-kar-ma/-she-o) [L.]. Conversion into flesh. I. unguis, the ingrowing of a nail. See Onychogryphosis. Incarnation (in-Æar-na/-shun). I. Granulation; heal- ing process. 2. See Conception. Incarnification (in-kar-miſ-ik-a/-shun). carnation. Incasement (in-kās/-ment) [in, in ; ME., casse, a box]. The act of inclosing in a case. Incasement, Encase- ment, Theory of, the doctrine that the ovum or sper- matozoid of the first animal of each species incased the germs of all subsequent individuals of the species. This theory was also called that of Preformation. Cf. A volution. . * Incest (in/-sest) [incestus, not chaste]. Carnal inter- course between persons of near relationship. Inch [ME., inche, inch]. The twelfth part of a foot. It equals 25.3995.4 millimeters. Incidence (in/-sid-ens) [incidere, to fall upon]. A falling upon. The direction in which one body strikes another. I., Line of, the path of a ray or a projec- tile. I., Point of, the point upon which the ray or projectile is reflected or strikes. Incident (in/-sid-ent) [incidere, to fall upon]. upon. Incineration (in-sin-er-a/-shun) [in, in ; cineres, ashes]. The prºcess of heating organic substances in contact with the air until all organic matter is driven off, and only the mineral ash remains. Incised (in-sizd') [incidere, to cut]. Cut or notched. I. Wound, one made by a sharp-edged instrument. Incisiform (in-si’-siſ-orm) [incisor, incisor; forma, form]. In biology, resembling an incisor tooth. Incision (in-siz//-zºn) [2ncisio, or incisura, an incision]. The act of cutting into any tissue of the body. Incisive (in-si’-siv) [incidere, to cut]. Having the quality of cutting. Pertaining to the incisor teeth. I. Canal. See Canal. I. Foramina. See Foramen. I. Fossa. See Aossa. I. Teeth. See Ancisor. Incisor (in-siſ-sor) [incidere, to cut]. Any cutting in- strument. I. Nerve, the branch of the inferior dental nerve supplying the incisor and canine teeth. See AVerves, Table of I. Teeth, the four most anterior teeth in each jaw. Incisura (in-si-su/-rah) [incidere, to cut into]. A notch. Also, an incision. I. cerebelli, one of two notches separating the hemispheres of the cerebellum, the one in front and the other behind. I. inter- tragica, the deep notch in the pinna of the ear separ- ating the tragus and the anti-tragus. I. Santorini, a fissure extending in a vertical direction through the cartilage of the auditory canal. Incisure (in-sizh/-ur) [incisus, p. p. of incidere, to cut into]. A slit or notch. I.’s of Schmidt and Lan- termann, oblique lines running across the white sub- stance of the inter-annular segments of stretched me- dullated nerve-fibers. Inclaudent (in-Ålaw’-dent) [in, not; claudere, to close]. In biology, not closing. Included (in-Aliid”-ed) [in, in ; claudere, to shut inj. Applied to stamens or pistils that do not project be- yond the corolla, but are contained within it. Inclusio foetalis (in-Ælu/-ze-ofe-ta/-lis) [L.]. A form of fetal parasitism in which the parasite is more or less included and overgrown by the tissues of the au- tosite. . Inclusion (in-kluſ-zhun) [includere, to enclose or shut inj. . The state of being shut in. Also, the act of shutting in ; that which is shut in. Same as In- Falling INCREMENT Incoagulable (in-ko-ag/-u-la-01) [in, not; coagulare, to curdle]. That which will not curdle or coagulate. Incoherence (in-Æo-her’-ens) [incohaerentia; in, not; cohaerere, to cling together]. The quality of being incoherent ; absence of connection of ideas or of lan- guage; incongruity or inconsequence of diction. Incoherent (in-ko-he/-rent) [in, not; coharere, to stick together]. Not connected or coherent; without ability to preserve that sequence of words or of ideas that is necessary to convey meaning. Incombustibility (in-com-bus-tib-i/-it-e) [in, not; comburere, to burn up). The state of being incombus- tible. Incombustible (in-com-bus/-tiº-Z) [in, not; comburere, to burn up]. Incapable of burning. Income (in/-kum) [ME., income, income]. amount of food taken per diem. Incompatibility (in-kom-pat-iſ-i/-it-e) [in, not; com- fatibilis, compatible]. That relation between medi- cines that renders their admixture unsuitable This incompatibility may be physiologic, chemic, physical, or therapeutic. Incompatible (in-kom-pat/-iö-1) [in, not; compatibilis, endurable]. Incapable of mixture without undergo- ing such chemic or physical changes as impair or destroy the usefulness of the compound; physiologi- cally antagonistic, and therefore useless to prescribe. Incompetence, Incompetency (in-Aom/-per-ems, in- Æom/-£e-ten-se) [in, not; competere, to be capable; in- competens, insufficient]. Incapacity; inadequacy. Inability to perform natural functions. I., Mental, a disorder of mind sufficient to produce irresponsibility. I., Aertic, Mitral, Pulmonary, Tricuspid. See Andocarditis. I., Valvular. See Insufficiency. Incomplete (in-kom-ple/) [in, not; completus, com- The pletel. Partial, as an incomplete hernia. I. Cop- ulation. See Coffſets reservaſus. I. Hernia. See A/ezºnia. Incongruence (in-Æon/-gru-ens) [incongruens, incon- sistent]. Lack of congruence. I., Retinal, lack of correspondence in the situation of the percipient elements of the two retinae. Incongruity (in-Åon-gree/-it-e) [in, not; congruere, to go together]. Absence of agreement or of needful harmony. Incontinence (in-Æon’-tin-ems) [i.e., not, continere, to contain]. Inability to control the evacuation of the feces or the urine; involuntary evacuation. This term is sometimes used as a synonym of venereal indulgence, lewdness. I., Seminal. See Spermatorrhea. Incoördination (in-Æo-or-din-a/-shun) [in, not; con, together; ordinare, to order]. In pathology, the inability to produce voluntary movements in proper combination or sequence; lack of harmony between the will and the muscular activity. I. of Ocular Muscles. See Insufficiency. Incorporation (in-kor-por-a/-shun) [in, in ; corpus, a body]. The process of intimately mixing the particles of different bodies into a practically homogeneous Iſla SS. Incrassate (in-Kras/-ät) [in, in ; crassare, to make thick]. In biology, thickened or swollen. Incrassation (in-Aras-a'-sham) [incrassazio,' in, in ; crassus, thick]. The process of making thick, as by inspissation; enlargement of a part, due to fatness. Incrassative (in-Arasſ-aſ-iz.) [incrassare, to make thick]. I. Having the power to make thick or thicker. 2. Formerly a medicine supposed to correct a thinness of the humors. Incremation (in-Kre-ma’-shun). See Cremation, Increment (in/-Are-ment) [incrementum, growth). In- crease or growth. INCREMENTAL Incremental (in-Åre-mem/-ta/) [incrementum, growth). Pertaining to increment or growth. I. Lines. See Salter's Lizzes, in Lines, Table of. Incrustate (in-Arus/-tät) [incrustare, to incrust]. Form- ing a crust, or coated with a brittle or granular substance. Incrustation (in-Årus-ta/-shum) [incrustare, to cover with rind]. The formation of a crust. Also, the for- mation of a calcareous deposit in organic tissue. "Incubation (in-Au-ba/-shun) [incubare, to sit on eggs]. I. In medicine, the period between the implanting of the contagium and the development of the disease. For the periods of incubation of some of the most import- ant diseases, see AExanthemata, 7able of 2. The pro- cess of sitting upon eggs to favor hatching. See Zable under Pregnancy. Incubator (in/-Au-ba-tor)[incubare, to sit on eggs]. A device for the artificial hatching of eggs or cultivation of microscopic plants; a couveuse (q.v.) for the pre- servation of the life of children prematurely born. I., Crédè's, a copper tube made with double walls, be- tween which water at the desired temperature may be kept, and withdrawn by means of pipes and stop-cocks. I., Tarnier's, an apparatus for the rearing of prema- ture children, consisting of a box with two compart- ments, one containing the child, the other, and lower compartment, being filled with warm water, so as to keep a uniform temperature of 86°–88° F. INCUBATOR OR COUVEUSE. (From Fullerton’s “Obstetric Avursing.”) Incubous (in/-Aut-bus) [incubus, lying upon]. In biol- ogy, with the tip of one leaf lying flat over the base of the next above. Incubus (in/-/*u-bus) [L.]. I. Nightmare; ephialtes. 2. Formerly, a supposed male demon that beset women, just as the succuba was supposed to consort with men. I. vigilantium. See ZXaymare. Incudal (ing/-ku-da/) [incus, anvil; incus]. to the incus. Incudate (ing/-Au-dāt) [incus, incus]. having an incus. Incudo- (ing/-Au-do-) [incus, incus]. In composition, signifying relationship to the incus. I.-malleal, re- lating to the incus and the malleus. I.-orbicular, re- lating to the incus and the orbicularis. I.-stape- dial, relating to the incus and the stapes. I.-tym- panic, relating to the incus and the tympanum. Incuneation (in-Au-me-a/-shun) [incuneatio, a wedg- ing]. I. The impaction of a fracture or of the fetal head. 2. The same as Gomphosis. Incurable (in-Aziz’-a-0/) [in, not ; curare, to care for]. That which cannot be cured or restored to wholeness. Incurvation (in-Aur-va/-shun) [incurvare, to bend]. The state of being bent or curved in. Incus (ing/-kus) [L., an anvil: pl., Incudes]. In bi- ology: (a) The middle one of the chain of bones in Relating In biology, 608 INDIA the middle ear of a mammal; (b) A portion of the mouth-parts of a rotifer. Indazole (in/-da-zāl), C, HSN. A substance formed by heating hydrazin-cinnamic acid. It crystallizes from hot water in colorless needles, melting at 146° C., and boiling at 270° C. Indecent (in-de/-sent) [indecens, unbecoming]. Not decent; obscene. I. Exposure. See Axhibitionism. Indecision (in-de-sizh/-un) ſin, not; decisio, decidere, to decide]. Morbid irresolution; want of firmness or of will; abulia or hypobulia. Indehiscent (in-de-his/-ent) [in, not; hiscere, to gapl. In biology, not opening spontaneously. Indene (in-den/), CaFIs. A hydrocarbon that occurs with coumarone in that fraction of coal-tar boiling at 1769–182° C. It is a clear oil, boiling at 1779–178° C. Its sp. gr. is I.O4O at I5° C. Indentation (in-den-ta/-shun) [in, in ; dens, a tooth]. A condition of being notched or serrated. I. of Tongue, the notching of the borders of the tongue made by the teeth, and visible especially during in- flammation of the tongue. Index (in/-deks) [L.]. The first finger. Also, the re- lation or ratio of one part to another, taken as a standard. I., Altitudinal, the height of a skull multiplied by IOO and divided by its length. I., Alveolar, the degree of prominence of the jaws, measured by the basi-alveolar length multiplied by Ioo and divided by the basi-nasal length. When the alveolar index is less than 98, the skull is orthognathic, when more than Iog, prognathic, when intermediate, mesognathic. I., Basilar. Same as Z., Alveolar. I. of Breadth. Same as Z., Cephalic. I., Cephalic, the breadth of a skull multiplied by Ioo and divided by its length. When this is below 75, the skull is called dolichocephalic, when above 80, it is called brachycephalic, between these limits, mesaticephalic. I., Cephalo-orbital, the ratio of the solid contents of the two orbits to the contents of the cranial cavity, multiplied by IOO. I., Cephalo-spinal, the ratio of the measure of the foramen magnum in square milli- meters to that of the cranial cavity in cubic centi- meters, multiplied by IOO. I., Cerebral, the ratio of the greatest transverse to the greatest antero-posterior diameter of the cranial cavity, multiplied by IOO. I.-digit, the forefinger. I., Facial, the ratio of the distance of the ophryon from the alveolar point to the transverse diameter measured from one zygoma to the other, multiplied by IOO. I.-finger, the forefinger. I., Gnathic, the ratio of the distance between the basion and the alveolar point to the distance between the basion and the nasal point, multiplied by IOO. I., Nasal, the greatest nasal width multiplied by IOo, and divided by the nasal length. When the nasal index ex- ceeds 53, the nose is platyrhine, when less than 48, it is said to be leptorhine, if between these numbers, meso- rhine. I., Orbital, the orbital height multiplied by IOO and divided by the orbital width. If the orbital index be above 89, it is called megaseme, if under 84, microseme, if between, mesoseme. I., Refractive, the coefficient of refraction. I., Thoracic, taken at its widest part is IOO times the sagittal, divided by the transverse measurement, I., Vertical, of Height, the ratio of the vertical diameter of the skull to the maximum antero-posterior diameter, multiplied by IOO. India (in/-de-ah) [Asiatic]. A country of Asia. [. Liver, a condition of hyperemia and enlargement of the liver, associated with general anemia and cachexia, cyanosis, anasarca, and irritable and irregular pulse. I.-rubber, the prepared concrete juice obtained mainly from an Indian tree, Ficus elasticus, and a South American tree, Sºphonia elastica. It is valuable INDIAN chiefly for its elasticity and its insolubility in water. It is with difficulty soluble in oil of turpentine, but is highly soluble in carbon disulphid. It melts at 2.48° F., and remains unchanged up to 500°F. It is hardened and used in mechanical dentistry as a base for artificial teeth. It is also called Caoutchouc, 7. 21. Indian (in/-de-an) [Zndia]. Pertaining to India, the West Indies, or to the aboriginal Americans. I. Bas- ket, a hollow cylinder woven of twigs of the willow, or of strips of other wood, used in applying extension to a dislocated limb. The greater the extension, the more firmly does the device cling to the surface. I.-blue. Same as Zndigo. I. Black-root, the root of Pterocaulon pycnostachium. It has reputed alterative properties. Dose of the fluid extract muxv-xxx. Unof. I. Corn. See Zea mays. I. Hemp. See Cannabis. I. Liquo- rice. See Abrus. I. Physic, American Ipecac- uanha, the bark of the root of Gillenia trifoliata, a mild emetic and cathartic. Dose of the fluid extract, mux–xl. Unof. I. Sarsaparilla. See Aemidesmus. I. Tobacco. See Zobelia. I. Turnip. See Dragon Root. I. Madder. Same as Mungeet. I. Meal, corn-meal. I. Ochre. Same as Ochre. I. Plague. Synonym of the Plague, g. v. I. Potato. See Apios. I.-purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of I.-red. Same as Colcothar and Ochre. I.-yellow. Same as Purree. - Indican (in/-dić-an) [indicum, indigo], CosłIsiNOut. The natural glucosid by the decomposition of which indigo-blue is produced from the various species of indigo-producing plants. It forms a transparent brown syrup, the aqueous solution of which has a yellow color, bitter taste, and slightly acid reaction. It is occasionally detected in the urine. Indicant (in/-dik-ant) [indicans; indicare, to indicate]. I. Serving as an index or as an indication. 2. A fact or symptom that indicates a certain treatment; an indi- cation. Indicanuria (in-dié-an-u/-re-ah) [indicum, indigo ; oùpov,urine]. The morbid excess of indican in the urine. Indication (in-dić-a/-shun) [indicatio, an indication]. A sign or symptom, especially when it points out the proper course of treatment; the inference drawn from the various symptoms or signs in any particular case. Indicator (in/-dić-a-tor) [indicare, to point out]. I. The index-finger. 2. The extensor indicis muscle. See Muscles, Table of Indicium (in-dish/-e-um) [L. : pl., Indicial. A symp- tom or sign; a discriminating or diagnostic mark. Indifferent (in-dif/-er-ent) [in, not; differens, differ- ent]. I. Not specially differentiated. 2. Not acted upon in a special way by any reagent. Indifferentism (in-dif'-er-ent-izm) [in, not; differens, different]. Lack of special differentiation. Indifulvin (in-de-ful/-win) [ivöukóv, indigo ; fulvus, yellow]. A yellowish substance occurring in two vari- eties, and produced by the action of dilute acids on indican. - Indifuscin (in-de-fus/-īn) [ivöuków, indigo ; fuscus, dark], Cº. Hoon,09. A substance produced by the ac- tion of dilute acids on indicam. Indigenous (in-dj/-en-us) [indie, in ; gignere, to be- get]. Native, and not exotic. Originating or belong- ing to a certain locality or country. Indigestion (in-di-jes/-chun) [indigestio, in, not ; d'âgerere, to digest]. Same as Dyspepsia. Indigitation (in-diſ-it-a/-shun) [in, in ; digitus, a fin- ger]. A displacement of a part of the intestine by in- tussusception. Indiglucin (in-de-glu'-sin) [ivölków, indigo ; yºvküç, Sweet], C6H16Os. A yellow syrup, one of the decom- position-products of indican. 609 INDIVIDUAL Indiglycin (in-de-gli/-sin). Same as Indiglucin. Indigo (in/-dig-o) [ivölków, indigo]. A blue pigment formed during the fermentation of ſma'igofera ani/, /. tinctoria, and other species. It is insoluble in alcohol or water, but freely soluble in strong sulphuric acid; it is used mainly in the arts as a dye-stuff. Chemic- ally, it is a mixture of several principles, the chief being a blue coloring-matter, indigotºn. Therapeutic- ally, it is an irritant to the mucous membrane of the alimentary tract, producing intense nausea. It has been used advantageously in epilepsy, chorea, and convulsions, in doses varying from 3 ij–3 ij daily. Unof. I.-blue, CigFilo N.O. Indigotin ; a chromo- gen found in ordinary indigo, of which it constitutes the principal ingredient. It is also derived from wood (Isatis tinctoria). It occurs in the plant as a glucosid, indicam. Indigo-blue is a dark-blue pow- der with a reddish glimmer; it becomes metallic and copper-like under pressure. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and is odorless and tasteless. It dissolves in hot anilin with a blue color, and crystallizes from hot oil of turpentine in beautiful blue plates. I.-brown, a resinous substance of a brown color, ob- tained by boiling an aqueous solution of indican with an acid. It is composed of a mixture of indihumin, Ciołłg|NO3, and indirhetin, CisłII, NO3, the former soluble and the latter insoluble in alcohol. I.-car- min, a sodium salt of indigotin-disulphonic acid; it is used as a blue dye, a washing-blue, and is a delicate test for sugar. I.-carmin Test for Sugar; put in 30 minims of water one part each of indigo-carmin and sodium carbonate; heat gently to solution; add one drop of urine, and boil quietly. A change to red or yellow indicates sugar. See Tests, Table of I. Extract. See Indigo-carmin. I.-red. See Wndi- zubin. I.-white, Cisłł12N,O2. Indigogen; a sub- stance obtained by the reduction of indigo-blue. It occurs as a white crystalline powder, soluble in alco- hol, ether, and the alkalies, with a yellowish color. It rapidly reoxidizes to indigo-blue by exposure to the air. I., Wild. See Baptisia. Indigogen (in/-dig-o-jen). See Indigo-white and Uro- acanthin. Indigotin (in-dig-o'-tin). See Indigo-blue. Indigouria (in-dig-o-º/-re-ah) [ivölków, indigo ; oipov, urine]. The presence of indigo in the urine; it is due to a decomposition of indican. See Cyanzarin. Indihumin (in-de-ſize/-min). See Indigo-brown. Indirect (in-di-re&t’) [in, not ; dirigere, to be in a straight line]. Not direct. I. Division of Cells. See Aaryokinesis. I. Segmentation. See Aaryo- Áinesis. I. Vision, that perception of an object in which the image falls on some other spot than the macula. Indirhetin (in-dir-e/-fin). See Indigo-brown. Indirubin (in-de-ru/-bin) [Ivötków, indigo; rubum, red], Chełłio N.O. A substance isomeric with indigo- blue, and very similar in its entire character to this substance. It is produced by effecting the conden- sation of indoxyl with isatin by means of a dilute soda-solution. It is also called indigo-red. Indisin (in/-dis-in). Same as Mauvein, g. v. Indisposition (in-dis-po-zish'-un) [indispositio, unsuit- ableness]. Any slight illness or disturbance of the functions of the body. Indissoluble (in-dis/-o-lu-52). See Insoluble. Indium (in/-de-um) [indicum, indigo, so-called from its indigo-blue spectral line]. A rare metal. Symbol In., atomic weight, II.3.7. It is very soft, and resem- bles lead in its properties. See Flements, Zable of. Individual (in-div-id’’-te-al) [in, not; dividere, to di- vide]. A single being ; one of a group or species. 39 INDOGEN In biology, the total result of the development of a single ovum. I. Prepotency. See Prepotency. Indogen (in/-do-jen), Same as Croxanthin. Indoin (in/-do-in) [indicum, indigo]. A blue substance produced from propiolic acid on adding metallic iron, zinc, or copper. Indol (in/-dol) [indicum, indigo], CsPI, N. A product of intestinal putrefaction, and occurring in the feces, to which, with skatol, it imparts the unpleasant odor. It is also formed when proteids are heated with alkalies, or by superheating with water to 200° C. It is a crys- talline body melting, when pure, at 53° C. It is solu- ble in boiling water, alcohol, and ether. Indolemia (in-do-le/-me-ah) [ivóóg, Indian ; Wotuáç, pestilence]. Asiatic cholera. Indolent (in/-do-lent) [in, not; dolere, to feel pain]. Sluggish. Without pain ; applied to ulcers, tumors, etc. Indophenin (in-do-ſe/-min) [indicum, indigo; phenyl], Cls H1NOS. A bluish compound formed by the ac- tion of a solution of isatin, I part to 30 parts of H2SO4, on benzene. Indophenol (in-do-ſeſ-nol), [indicum, indigo ; phenyl]. Same as AWaphthol-blue. I.-blue. See Pigments, Conspected s of. Indosynclonus (in-do-sin'-Alo-mus) [Ivöóg, Indian; ovykhovelv, to dash together]. Same as Beriberi. Indoxyl (ºn-do/s/-i/) [ivöuków, indigo ; b%g, sharp], Cs H, NO. A substance isomeric with oxindol. It re- Sults on the elimination of carbon dioxid from indoxylic acid. It is an oil, not volatile in aqueous vapor, readily soluble in water, showing yellow fluor- eSCén Ce. Indoxylic Acid (in-do&s-i//-ić). See Acid. Induced (in-dûsd/) [inducere, to lead into]. or produced by the agency of any means. rent. See Czerrezz/. Induction (in-duć'-shun) [inductio; inducere, to lead in]. The establishment of an abstract law or pro- position drawn from specific or particular facts. I.-balance, in physics, an instrument used for the detection of currents too weak to affect the galvano- meter. I.-current. See Cherrezzz. I., Faradic. See Faradic. I. of Labor, the bringing on of labor by artificial means. I.-coil. See Coil. Inductorium (in-duk-o'-re-um) [L., a covering]. A magneto-induction apparatus for physiologic purposes. Indulin-blue. Same as Coupier's Blue. Indulins (in/-du-/in2) [ivölków, indigo ; tām, matter]. Members of the safranin class of dye-stuffs. They are violet-blue to gray-blue in color, and are formed upon heating various azo-azobenzenes and amido-azo- benzenes with anilin hydrochlorids. They are also called migrosins. They are used to impart a blue color to wool, cotton, and silk. See Pigments, Conspected s Made I. Cur- (2/. Indumentum (in-du-men/-tum) [induere, to put on (clothes)]. In biology, the plumage of a bird or the pubescence of a plant. Induplicate (in-du/-//i/-ät) [in, in, on ; duplicare, to double]. In biology, applied to leaves, petals, or sepals while in the bud, which have their edges bent or rolled inward. Indurascent (in-du-ras/-ent) [in, in ; durare, to harden]. In biology, gradually hardening. Indurated (in/-du-ra-ted) [indurare, to harden]. Hardened. I. Bubo, a hard inflammation of the lym- phatic glands, usually of syphilitic origin. Induratio (in-du-ra/-she-o) [L.]. Induration. cellulosae. See Scèereſta neonatorum. Induration (in-du-ra/-shun) [induratio, an induration]. The hardening of a tissue without alteration of struc- I. telae 610 INFANTILISM ture; a hardened mass or lump. I., Black. See I., Gray, I., Brown, a hardening of lung-tissue, with deposition of pigmentary matter. I. of Chancre, a hard nodule, or a cup-like ring, about the margin of a chancre or syphilitic ulcer. I., Fibroid. See I., Gray, and Cirrhosis. I., Granular. See Cirrhosis. I., Gray, the appearance of the lung in chronic pneu- monia, the cut-surface of the lung being Smooth, glistening, gray, and dense. It is also called blacá or ſtbroid induration. I., Red, a firm, resistant, red- dened condition of the lung in chronic pneumonia. Indusiate (in-du/-ze-āt) [induere, to put onj. In bi- ology, having an indusium. *†, Indusium (in-du/-ze-um) [induere, to put on ; pl., In- dusia]. I. In biology: (a) that portion of the epider- mis of a fern-frond that covers, the fruit-dots or sori; (b) the case or covering of an insect larva. 2. The vestigial layer of the cerebral cortex existing with greater or less distinctness upon the dorsal surface of the callosum ; it is also seen in many other mammals beside man. It is called also Indusium griseum. Induviae (in-du/-ve-e). [L. : pl. Clothes]. In biology, persistent withered leaves. Induviate (in-du/-ve-dt) [induviae, clothes]. In biology, clothed with old or withered parts. Inebriant (in-e'-bre-ant)[inebrians; inebriare, to make drunk]. I. Intoxicant; causing inebriation. 2. An agent or drug that causes inebriation. Inebriation (in-e-bre-a/-shun) [inebriatio, inebriare, to make drunk]. The condition of drunkenness. Inebriety (in-e-bri/-et-e) [inebrietas, drunkenness]. In- ebriation ; especially habitual drunkenness. Inedia (in-e'-de-a/) [in, not; edere, to eat]. Synonym of Aasting. Inein (in/-e-in). A crystalline substance obtained from the hairs of the seeds of Strophanthus. Inenucleable (in-e-mu’-Ale-a-b/) [in, not; enucleare, to shell out]. Not removable by enucleation. Inequivalve (in-e-Azvi'-va/v) [in, not ; equus, equal; va/va, the leaf of a door]. In biology, applied to shells having unequal valves. Inerm (in-erm') [in, without ; arma, arms]. In biol- ogy, without hooks, thorns, or prickles; unarmed. Inertia (in-er/-she-ah) [iners, inactive, unskilled ; in, not; ars, skill]. Sluggishness. In physics, the ina- bility of matter to change its condition except by means of an external force. In physiology, inactivity of any organ or function of the body. I. of Drugs, lack of power, from inferior quality, to produce cus. tomary physiologic reactions. I., Intestinal, torpor of intestinal action, or peristalsis. I., Time. See 7%me. I., Uterine, the failure or sluggishness of uterine contractions in labor. In extremis (in eks-fre/-mis) [in, in ; extremis, last]. A Latin phrase, meaning at the end, at the point of death or in extreme danger of speedy death. Infancy (in/fan-se), [infans, a little child]. Early childhood. I., Diseases of, those to which infants are peculiarly liable. - Infant (in/-fant)[infans, a little child]. A babe. Accord- ing to English law, one not having attained the age of twenty-one. I., Overlaying of, suffocation of an infant by the lying upon it of an adult in sleep. I.-shelter, a day-nursery where the infant-children of working mothers are kept at a moderate expense during the hours of labor. In France, a crèche. Infanticide (in fant/-is-id) [infams, a little child; cadere, to kill]. The murder of an infant. Infantile (in/-fan-fi/) [infantilis, of an infant]. Per- taining to infancy. I. Paralysis. See Paralysis. Infantilism (in-fam/-fi/-īzm) [infams, a little child], The persistence of the characters of childhood into INFARCT the period of normal adolescence or even into adult life. Infarct (in farãº/) [infarcire, to fill inj. An obstruc- tion or plug. I., Anemic, a pale wedge-shaped area in an organ due to the occlusion of a blood-vessel by an embolus, the tissues in the distribution of the vessel undergoing coagulation-necrosis. I., Hemor- rhagic, a dark-red wedge-shaped area in an organ due to the occlusion of a vessel by an embolus, with the subsequent extravasation of blood into the tissues be- yond the point of obstruction. The base of the wedge is toward the periphery, the apex toward the hilum of the organ. The condition is most common in the spleen, the kidney, and the lung. I., Uric Acid, the deposition of crystals of uric acid in the renal tubules of the newborn. Infarction (in faré/-shun) [infarcire, to stuff inj. The plugging of a vessel by an embolus; the masses of extravasated blood in the tissues in embolism; obstruc- tion; infarct. Infarctus (in far//-tus). See Infarct. Infect (in-fekt/) [inficere, to put in, or corrupt]. To communicate or transmit the specific virus or germs of disease. - Infection (in-fe/-shum) [infectio, infection]. The communication of disease-germs or virus, by any means, direct or indirect. Infectious (in-fek/-shus) [infectio, infection]. Having the quality of transmitting disease or the agents that cause disease. See also Contagious. I. Endocardi- tis, ulcerative endocarditis; malignant endocarditis. I. Pseudo-rheumatism. See Pseudo-rheumatism. Infective (in-ſe/-tiv) [infectio, infection]. Infectious. I. Angioma. See Angioma serpiginosum. Infectivity (in-fek-tiv/-it-e) [inficere, to infect]. In- fectiousness; the quality of being infectious. Infecundity (in-fe-kun'-dit-e) [in, not; fecundus, fruit- ful]. Sterility, barrenness. Inferent (in/-fer-ent). Same as Afferent. Inferior (in-fe’-re-or) [comp. of inferus, low]. Lower. Inferius (in-fe/-re-us) [L.]. Inferior. Infero-lateral (in/-fer-o-lat/-er-a/) [inferus, /atus, side]. Situated below and to one side. Infero-posterior (in/-fer-o-pos-te/-re-or) [inferus, low; fosterius, posterior]. Situated backward and below. Infertility (in-fer-fi/-it-e) [in, not; fertilis, fertile]. Same as Sterility. Infibulation (in-fib-u-la/-shum) [in, in; fibula, a clasp]. An operation formerly employed to prevent the retrac- tion of the prepuce over the glans penis in order to prevent copulation. It consisted in passing a ring through opposite edges of the prepuce. In a similar manner a ring was passed through the labia of the vagina in order to insure the chastity of females. Infiltrate (in/ſil-trat) [in, in ; filtrare, to strain]. To ooze into the interstitial spaces of a tissue; also, the substance thus having passed. Infiltration (in-ſiſ-tra/-shum) [infiltratio, infiltration]. The abnormal diffusion of any fluid from without into an organ or tissue, affecting it mechanically so as to destroy its function. I. of Bone, a tuberculous in- filtration of bone, consisting either of matter that becomes puriform, or else of gray cancellous matter. I., Calcareous, deposits of lime or other calcium salts within any tissue of the body. I., Cellular, the primary exudation into a tissue, conveying white corpuscles. I., Fatty, the presence of oil or fat- globules in the interior of a cell. I., Gray, an opaque condition of the lung found after death from acute tuberculosis, the lung being of a dirty ash-gray color, with no appearance of lobulation or of the normal pul- monary structure. I., Plastic, that of a character from low ; 611 INFLORESCENCE which new normal growth may develop. I., Red, a form of infiltration of the lung in acute tuberculosis in which the lung presents a more or less hyperemic ap- pearance, and is soft and granular. I., Sanguineous, an extravasation of blood. An ecchymosis. I., Tu- berculous, a confluence of tuberculous granulations. Infinite (in/ºſin-it) [infinitus, boundless]. Immeasur- ably or innumerably great. I. Distance, a term in optics to denote parallelism of the light rays. Absolute parallelism does not exist, but, practically, rays from an object 20 feet away are so considered and so called. Infinitesimalism (in-fin-it-es/-īm-al-izm) [infinitus, boundless]. The doctrine that ſavors the infinitesimal dilution of drugs with the view of potentizing them, or developing their power over disease. Infirm (in-ferm') [infirmus, not strong or firm]. Weak or feeble. 4. Infirmary (in-ſer/-ma-re) [infirmarium, an infirmary]. A hospital. An institution where ill and infirm people are maintained during the period of treatment. Infirmity (in-ſer/-mit-e) [infirmitas, weakness]. Weak- ness. Feebleness due to disease or senility. Inflame (in ſlam/) [inflammare, to set on fire]. To undergo inflammation. To become unduly heated and turgid with blood, owing to a morbid condition. Inflammatio (in-flam-a/-she-o) [L]. A burning. I. ventriculi. See Gastritis. Inflammation (in ſlam-a/-shum) [inflammatio, a burn- ing]. A condition of nutritive disturbance character- ized by hyperemia, with proliferation of the cells of a tissue or organ, and attended by one or more of the symptoms of pain, heat, Swelling, discoloration, and disordered function. I., Adhesive, a synonym of A'ealing by First Intention. I., Aplastic, and I., Plastic. See Zymph. I., Granulomatous, a chronic form of inflammation occurring usually in scrofulous or syphilitic individuals, with the formation of granulation- tissue of low vitality. This tissue breaks down into Small abscesses, the latter uniting to form fistulous tracks without any tendency to the formation of cicatrices. I. of the Periosteum of a Tooth, periodontitis. See Odontagºn, and Perios/fºis, ZXenza/. I., Pyo-gangren- ous, a form of rapidly progressive inflammation, with the production of a gangrenous focus, surrounded by a zone of suppuration. I., Regenerative, that form of inflammation which is followed by cicatrization. See also 7%.eories of Zn//ammation. Inflamma.ory (in ſlam’-at-o-re) [iny?ammare, to in- flame]. Pertaining to inflammation. I. Blush, synonym of Erythema. I. Corpuscle. See Cor- puscle, Gluge's. I. Exudation, the fluid exuded from an inflamed part. I. Fever. See 7-azºmatic Fever. I. Focus, the central or culminating spot of an inflamed part, or that at which suppuration begins. I. Fungoid Neoplasm. See AAycosis. I. Infiltra- tion, the exudation escaping into the interstices of an inflamed tissue and not removed by the lymphatics. I. Zone, the area of gangrenous formation bounded by the line of demarcation between dead and living tissue. Also, the line of demarcation. Inflation (in-fla/-shun) [inflatio; inſare, to puff up]. Distention with air. In surgery, distention of the bowels with air, to relieve obstruction ; or of the lungs, for artificial respiration; or of the Eustachian tube, for therapeutic purposes. Inflected (in-flek’-ted) [in, in ; ſecrere, to bend]. In biology, bent inward or downward. Inflexed (in-ſiekst/) [inflectere, to bend]. bent. Same as Infected. Inflorescence (in-for-es’-ems)[in, in ; florescere, to begin to blossoml. In biology: (a) blossoming, flowering; (b) a flower-cluster. In biology, INFLUENZA Influenza (in-ſlu-en/-zah) [Ital., an influence, formerly thought to be due to the stars]. A specific, conta- gious, epidemic affection characterized by catarrhal in- flammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, accompanied by a muco-purulent discharge, fever, and prostration. There is a strong tendency to the development of broncho-pneumonia. At times symptoms referable to the gastro-intestinal system pre- dominate; at other times the symptoms are mainly re- ferred to the nervous system. The aged, weak, and young often succumb. The disease is popularly called by its French name, la grippe. See Bacillus of In- fluenza, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Influx (in/ſluſks) [in, in ; fluere, to flow]. An inflow. The act of flowing in. Infossous (in fos/-us) [in, in ; ſodere, to digl. ology, sunk in or depressed. Cf. Introvenium. Infra- (in/-frah-) [infra, below]. A Latin prefix meaning below or beneath. Infra-axillary (in/-frah-aks/-iſ-a-re) [infra, axilla, the arm-pit]. Below the arm-pit, Infra-branchial (in-fra-brang/-ke-al) [infra, branchiae, gills]. Beneath or below the gills. Infra-buccal (in-fra-buk/-al) [infra, below; bucca, the cheek]. In molluscs beneath the buccal mass. In bi- below; below ; Infraclavicular (in-fra/-Alav-i}/-u-lar) [infra, be- low ; clavicula, the collar-bone]. Below the collar- bone. Infracommissure (in-frah-com/-is-àr) [infra, below ; committere, to unite]. The inferior commissure of the brain. Infraconstrictor (in-fra/-äon-strik/-tor) [infra, be- low ; constringere, to bind together]. The inferior constrictor of the pharynx. See Muscles, Table of Infracortical (in-frah-Kor/-tić-al) [infra, below; cortex, a bark]. Lying beneath the cortical substance of the brain. Infracostal (in-frah-Aosſ-tal) [infra, below ; costa, a rib]. Below the ribs. Infracostales(in-frah-kos-ta/-lez). See Muscles, Table of. Infraction (in-fra/º/-s/ium) [in, in ; fractio, breaking]. Incomplete fracture of a bone. Also, an indentation or driving forward. Infradiaphragmatic (in-frah-di-aſ-rag-mat/-ić) [infra, below ; 6ta, across; ºppéypia, wall]. Situated below the diaphragm. Infraglottic (in-frah-glot/-i}) [infra, below ; Yottic, the glottis]. Below the glottis. Infrahyoid (in-ſrah-hi/-oid) [infra, below ; boetóñç, hyoid]. Situated below the hyoid bone. Inframammary (in-fra/-mam/-ar-e) [infra, below ; mamma, the breast]. Below the mammary apparatus. Inframaxillary (in-frah-maks/-iſ-a-re) [infra, below ; maxilla, the jaw]. Below or under the jaw. Infraorbital (in-fra/-or/-bit-tal) [infra, below; or- bita, orbit]. Beneath or below the orbit. I. Artery, the branch of the internal maxillary artery traversing the infraorbital canal. I. Canal, the canal in the superior maxillary bone that transmits the infraorbital vessels and nerve. I. Foramen, the aperture in the superior maxillary bone through which the infraorbital artery passes. I. Groove, the groove in the superior maxillary bone leading to the infraorbital canal. I. Nerve, the name of the superior maxillary nerve at its entrance into the infraorbital canal. Infrapubian (in-fra/-pu’-be-an) [infra, below; pubes, the pubes]. Situated beneath the pubes. Infrarectus (in fra/-re/-tus) [infra, below ; rectus, straight]. The inferior rectus muscle of the eye. See 4/uscles, Table of. Infrascapular (in-frah-shap/-u-lar) [infra, below; scapula, shoulder-blade]. Below the shoulder-blade. 612 INFUSUM Infraspinatus (in-frah-spi na/-tus). See Muscles, Table of. Infraspinous (in-frah-spi/-nus) [infra, below ; spina, a spine]. Beneath a spine, as of the scapula or a ver- tebra. I. Fascia, the dense membranous fascia cov- ering the infraspinous muscle. I. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Infrasternal (in-frah-ster’-ma!) [infra, below; ster- num, breast-bone]. Below the sternum. I. De- pression, the depression of the ensiform cartilage, commonly called the pit of the stomach. Infratemporal (in-frah-tem/-po-ral) [infra, below ; ºra, the temple]. Situated beneath the temporal OI) e. Infrathoracic (in-frah-tho-ra/-sik) [infra, below ; 6%- paš, thorax]. Below the thorax. Infratrochlea (in-frah-trok/-le-ah) trochlea, a pulley]. See AVerves, Table of. - Infraturbinal (in-frah-tur’-bin-al) [infra, below ; tur- bo, a wheel, top]. Inferior turbinal. See Bones, Table of. Infravaginal (in-frah-way’-in-al) [infra, below; vagina, sheath]. Situated below the vaginal vault. Infriction (in-frić'-shum) [infrictio, a rubbing inj. The rubbing of a surface with an ointment or liniment. Infundibula (in-fun-dib/-u-lah) [L. J. Plural of Infun- dibulum, Q. v. I. of Kidneys, the calices or the divisions of the pelvis of the kidney formed by the confluence of the calices. I. of Lungs, the elongated sacs (set about with air-cells) in which the smallest air- passages terminate. I. subgenitalia. See ZXemzzia. Infundibular (in-fun-dib/-u-lar) [infundibulum, a fun- nel]. Of the nature of or belonging to an infundi- bulum. Infundibuliform (in-ſun-dió-u/-liform)[infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, , a form]. Funnel-shaped. I. Fascia, the funnel-shaped membranous layer that invests the spermatic cord. I. Process, the cremas- teric process of the fascia transversalis. Infundibulum (in-ſun-diº/-u-ſum) [infundere, to pour into]. In biology, a term frequently and variously ap- plied to funnel-shaped organs or parts. I. of Brain, a funnel-shaped mass of gray matter attached to the pituitary body. I. of Cochlea, a small cavity at the end of the modiolus. I. of Heart, the arterial cone from which the pulmonary artery arises. I. of Ovi- duct, the cavity formed by the fringes at the ovarian end of an oviduct. Infuscate (in-fus'-kāt) [infuscare, to make dark or dusky]. In biology, clouded or darkened. Infused (in-fúzd') [infundere, to pour in]. Extracted; steeped. I. Oils. See Olea infusa, Infusion (in-ſu/-2hun) [infusio, infusum, an infusion]. I. See Infusum. 2. The slow and gentle injection of water or of a medicated liquid into a vein, or into parenchymatous tissues. Infusor (in fu/-zor) [L.]. An instrument by means of which water or a medicated liquid may be made to flow slowly into a vein, or into the parenchymatous tissues. Infusoria (in-fu-so'-re-ah) [infusum, an infusion]. A class of microscopic, ciliated Protozoa. They are so called because they often develop in great numbers in organic infusions. They reproduce by fission. Infusum (in-fu/-sum) [L. : gen, Infusi; pl., Infusal. An infusion. In pharmacy, a preparation made by treating a vegetable substance with hot or with cold water, without boiling. Infusions should, in the ab- sence of specific directions, contain I part of the sub- stance to Io of water. There are four official infusa, and two in the National Formulary, besides a large number in the British Pharmacopeia. - [infra, below ; Below the trochlea. I. Nerve. INGESTA Ingesta (in-jes/-tah) [ingerere, to carry into]. Sub- stances introduced into the body, especially for pur- poses of alimentation. Ingestion (in-jes/-chun) [ingestio, ingestion]. I. The introduction of food or nutrition into the mouth or stomach. 2. The process by which a cell takes up foreign matters, such as bacilli or smaller cells. Ingluvial (in-g/u/-ve-al) [ingluvies, the crop]. Per- taining to the ingluvies. Ingluvies (in-glu/-ve-éz) [in, in ; glutine, to swallow]. In biology, the most anterior dilatation of the alimen- tary canal, as the crop or craw in birds, the paunch or rumen in mammals, the sucking-stomach of insects. Ingluvin (in/-glu-vin) ſingluzies, crop or craw of a bird]. A preparation obtained from the gizzard of the fowl, Pullus gallinaceus, used as a substitute for pep- sin and pancreatin. It is very efficient in the vomit- ing of pregnancy. Dose gr. x-xx. Ingot (ing/-got) [ME., ingot, a mold for molten metal]. A. bar of gold, silver, or other metal, cast in a mold. Ingrassias, Processes, or Wings of. wings of the sphenoid bone. Ingravescent (in-grav-es/-ent) [ingravescere, to become heavy]. Increasing in weight or in severity. I. Apoplexy. See Apoplexy. Ingravidation (in-grav-id-a/-shun). tion. Ingredient (in-greſ-de-ent) [ingredi, to step into]. Any substance that enters into the formation of a com- pound. - - Ingrowing Nail. See Onychoglyposis. Inguen (ing/-gwen) [L.]. The groin, g. v. * Inguinal (in/-gwin-al) [inguen, the groin]. Pertaining to the groin. I. Arch, the crural arch. I. Canal, the canal transmitting the spermatic cord in the male, and the round ligament in the female. It is situated parallel to and just above Poupart's ligament. I. Glands, the superficial and the deep glands of the groin. I. Hernia. See Hernia. See, also, Liga- ment, Region, Ring. I. Plague. Synonym of Plague. Inguino- (in/-gwin-o-) [inguen, the groin]. . In com- position, pertaining to the groin. I.-abdominal, pertaining conjointly to the groin and the abdomen. I.-crural, relating to the groin and the thigh. I.- cutaneous, relating to the integument of the groin. Ingurgitation (in-gurjit-a/-shun) [inguzgitatio, a swal- lowing]. I. The act of swallowing; deglutition. 2. Excess in eating or drinking. Inhalation (in-ha-la”-shun) [inhalatio; inhalare, to draw inj. The in-breathing of air or other vapor. I.-diseases, those due to the inspiration of air contain- ing dust or any finely divided matter. See Grinders’ Disease. I. of Medicines, the introduction into the air-passages or lungs of medicinal substances in the form of vapor or fine spray. Inhale (in-hă//) [inhalare, to breathe inj. or draw air or other vapor into the lungs. Inhaler (in-ha/-ler) [inhalare, to breathe inj. An in- strument for inhaling a gas or the vapor of a liquid medicine. I., Nitrous-oxid, a breathing-tube for the inhalation of nitrous-oxid gas; it is constructed of vulcanized rubber or metal. See Anesthetic. Inherent (in-he'-rent) [inharere, to cleave to]. Con- stitutional ; innate; natural to the organism ; not casual or derivative. Inheritance (in-her/-it-ans) [F., inheriter, to inherit]. The act of inheriting. I., Particulate, the reappear- ance of single peculiarities in the offspring, I., Use, the inheritance of acquired characters; the acquisition by the offspring of changes in the body-cells of the parent. - The lesser See Impregna- To inspire 613 INJECT Inherited (in-her/-it-ed) [in, in, to ; heres, heir]. De- rived from an ancestor. I. Disease, a disease that has been transmitted to a child by its parent. Inhibit (in-hibº-it) [inhibere, to check]. To check, restrain, or suppress. Inhibition (in-hib-ish/-um) [inhibitio, restraint]. The act of checking, restraining, or suppressing; any in- fluence that controls, retards, or restrains. Inhibitory nerves and centers are those intermediating a modifi- cation, stoppage, or suppression of a motor or secretory act already in progress. I., Mental, the involuntary restraint that active mental states exercise over bodily functions, normal or otherwise. I., Vasomotor, an influence exerted on the contractile walls of the blood- vessels, that causes their dilatation by a diminution of their tone. I., Voluntary, the checking or temporary restraint of a reflex by force of will. Inhibitive (in-hib/-it-iv). See Inhibitory. Inhibitory (in-hib/-it-o-re) [inhibitorius, inhibitory]. Having the power to restrain or hold in check. I. Cen- ter of Setschenow, a cerebral center in the optic lobes of the brain of the frog, the stimulation of which checks spinal reflexes. I. Nerves of the Heart, those of the vagus supplied by the cardio-inhibitory center, through the spinal accessory nerve. I. Nerves of Respiration, certain afferent fibers in the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve, that exert an inhibitory action on the inspiratory act of respiration. I. Cen- ters, nerve-centers that inhibit, restrain, or even arrest the action of other centers. I. Fibers, centri- fugal nerve-fibers that affect other centers so as to moderate or nullify their action. Inhumation (in-hu-ma/-shum) [inhumare, to put in the ground]. Burial of the dead in the ground. See Aſumation. Iniad (in/-e-ad) [víov, the occiput]. inial aspect. Inial (in/-e-al) [ivtov, occiput]. Pertaining to the inion. I. Aspect, the posterior aspect of the head. Inien (in/-e-en) [ivíov, occiput]. Belonging to the inion in itself. - Iniencephalus (in-e-en-sef’-a/-us) [viov, occiput; §ykéðahog, brain]. A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species Exencephalus in which there is the same deformity of the skull as in notencephalus, with the addition of a spinal fissure involving the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Iniodymus (in-e-oa'-im-us) [ivtov, occiput; 6tóvuog, double]. A teratism with one body and two heads joined at the occiput. Inio-glabellar (in/-e-o-gla-bel/-ar) [viov, occiput; glaber, smooth]. Relating to or joining the inion and the glabella. Inion (in/-e-on) [ivtov, occiput]. The external protu- berance of the occipital bone. See Craniometric Points. Iniops (in/-e-ops) [ivtov, occiput; bip, face]. A cata- didymous monstrosity with the parts below the navel double, the thoraces joined into one, and one head with two faces, the one incomplete. Inirritative (in-ir/-it-a-tiv) [in, not; irritare, to irri- tate]. Not irritant; soothing. Initial (in-ish/-al) [in, into; ire, to go]. Beginning or commencing. I. Cells, germ-cells. I. Sclerosis, the primary induration of a hard chancre. I. Stage of Labor. See Labor, Stages of Initis (in-i/-tis) [ig, muscle, fiber; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of fibrous or muscular tissue." Inject (in-jekt') [in, into ; facere, to throw]. To effect the introduction of a liquid into any cavity of the body, natural or artificial, by means of a syringe or similar in- strument. In pathology, to produce a condition of distention of the capillaries with blood. Toward the INJECTA Injecta (in-jek/-tah) [L.]. Things introduced, as into the alimentary canal (correlated with ejecta). Injection (in-jek’-shun) [injectio, a throwing inj. An aqueous or other solution thrown into the vessels, be- neath the skin or into any cavity of the body; the intro- duction of such a liquid; a condition of capillary disten- tion. I., Anatomic, filling the vessels of a cadaver or of an organ with preservative or coagulating solu- tions, for purposes of dissection, I., Coagulating, injection of coagulating Solutions into the cavity of an aneurysm. I., Hypodermatic, into the subcutaneous connective tissue, by means of a syringe. I., Nutri- ent, injection of nutritive fluids into the rectum or other cavity of the body. I., Opaque Naked-eye, for anatomic or microscopic purposes, made of plaster- of-Paris, tallow, vermilion and gelatin, plumbic acetate and potassium bichromate (yellow injection), or plumbic acetate and sodium carbonate (white). I., Transparent Microscopic, made with carmin for red, potassium ferrocyanid for blue, potassium bi- chromate for yellow. I.-pneumonia, a condition of the lung somewhat resembling pneumonia, following injections of Koch’s tuberculin. - Injector (in-jek/-tor) [injicere, to throw inj. An ap- paratus, as a syringe, used in injecting any material into the organism, or into any of its cavities. Injury (in/yu-re) [injuria, ºne, not ; ſus, a right]. Any damage or harm to the body or any of its parts. In-knee (in/-ne). Knock-knee, or genu valgum, Q. v. Inlet (in/-let). The place where the air of ventilation is admitted into a room. I. of the Pelvis, the heart- shaped space within the brim of the pelvis; the Supe- rior pelvic strait. Inman's Myalgia. See Diseases, 7able of Innate (in-nāt/ or in/-nāt) [innatus, born inj. Con- genital; native to the organism; intrinsic. In biology, applied to anthers that appear to be supported by the very apex of the filament. Innervation (in-ner-va/-shun) [in, in ; nervus, nerve]. The discharge of nervous impulses from a ganglionic center; the supply of nervous influence bestowed upon any part or organ ; the distribution of nerves within a part or organ; the manifestation of nervous force. Innominata (in-nom-in-a/-ta/). fum. The innominate bones. Innominate (in-mom/-in-āt) [in, without; momen, a name]. A term applied to several parts of the body to which no other definite name has been given. I. Artery. See Arteries, Table of I. Bone, the ir- regular-shaped bone forming the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity. See Bones, Table of I. Foramen. See Foramina, Tables of I. Veins. See Veinz. Innominatum (in-nom-in-a/-ſum) [L., nameless : pl., Plural of Annomina- In nominata]. The innominate bone. Innutrition (in-nu-tris/-un) [in, not ; nutrire, to nourish]. Want or deficiency of nutrition or nourish- ment. Inoblast (in/-o-blast) [ig, fiber; 6%aoróg, germ]. Any one of the cells, or corpuscles, from which connective tissue is derived. Inocarcinoma (in-o-Kar-sin-o’-mah) [ig, fiber; Kapkivog, a crab ; but, tumor; pl., Inocarcinomaſa]. A car- cinoma with a preponderance of fibrous tissue. Inoccipitia (in-o/-sip-iº/-e-a/) [in, negative ; occiput, occiputj. Deficiency of the occipital lobe of the brain. Inochondritis (in-o-Aon-dri/-tis) [ig, fiber; 26wópog, cartilage; trig, inflammation]. Conjoined inflamma- tion of tendons and cartilages. Inoculability (in-o/-u-la-bi/-it-e) [inoculare, to im- plant]. The quality of being inoculable. 614 INOSCULATION Inoculable (in-o/-u-la-bl.). [inoculare, to implant]. Susceptible of being inoculated. Inocular (in-ok/-u-lar) [in, in ; oculus, eyel. In bio- logy, applied to those insect antennae that arise from notches in the inner margins of the compound eyes. Inoculation (in-o/-u-la/-shun) [inoculatio, an ingraft- ing]. The introduction into the circulation of the virus of infectious diseases, or of certain medicinal agents. I., Jennerian, vaccination, or the inocula- tion of cowpox-virus. I. of Smallpox, inoculation with the contagium of smallpox to produce a mild type of the disease. I., Preventive, inoculation with some virus to act as a preventive of a more serious disease or type of the same disease. Inoculator (in-o/-u-la-tor) [inoculatio, an ingrafting]. One who or that which inoculates; an instrument used in inoculation. Inocyst (in/-o-sist) [ic, a fiber; küotic, bladder]. A fibrous capsule. . Inoendothelioma (in-o-en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [ic, fiber; §vôov, within ; th/A#, nipple ; 6p1a, tumor ; pl. , Amoendotheliomata]. Round-celled fibro-sarcoma. Inoepithelioma (in-o-ep-iſh-e-le-o’-mah) [ig, fiber; Ští, upon; 67%, nipple ; Śua, tumor; pl., Znoepithelio- mata]. Medullary carcinoma containing fibrous tissue. Inogen (in/-o-jen) ſig, (gen. iv6c), fiber; Yevvāv, to produce]. A hypothetic substance believed to occur in muscular tissue, and to be decomposed, during contraction, into carbon dioxid, sarcolactic acid, and myosin. Because of this behavior it is considered as the energy-producing substance of muscle. Inogenesis (in-o-jen’-es-is) [ig, muscle; yévêqug, gen- eration]. The formation of fibrous muscular tissue. Inohymenitis (in-o-hi-men-i/-tis) [ig, fiber; infiv, mem. brane ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous structure. Inoleiomyoma (in-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah) [ig, fiber ; Weioc, smooth; uig, muscle; opia, a tumor: pl., Znoleiomyo- maſa]. A myoma made up of, or containing, un- striped muscular fibers. Inoma (in-o’-mah) [ig, a fiber; pla, a tumor : pl., Inomata]. Same as Fibroma. Inomyxoma (in-o-miks-o’-mah) ſic, fiber; Alişa, mucus; Śpia, tumor: pl., Zºzomyxomata]. Same as Fibro-myxoma. Inoperculate (in-o-per/-ku-lāt) [in, without; operculum, a cover, lid]. In biology, having no operculum or lid. Inopexia, or Inopexy (in-o-peks/-e-ah, or in/-o-peks-e) [ig, fiber; Túšac, coagulation]. A tendency in the blood toward spontaneous coagulation. Inophlogosis (in-o-ſo-go/-sis) [ic, fiber; 4%6)ootſ, in- flammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous tissue. Inopolypous (in-o-pol/-ip-us) [ig, fiber; polypus, polypl. Of the nature of an inopolypus. Inopolypus (in-o-pol/-ijº-us) [ig, fiber; polypus, polypl. A fibrous polypus. Inorganic (in-or-gan/-ić) [in, not; organum, an instru- ment]. A term applied to a body or a substance that possesses none of the possibilities of development, growth, or life. I. Constituents. See Constituen/s. Inorrhabdomyoma (in-or-ab-do-mi-o'-mah) [ic, fiber; bá9óog, rod; pig, muscle ; Śua, tumor; pl., Znorrhab- domyomata]. A fibrous rhabdomyoma. Inosclerosis (in-o-skle-ro’-sis) ſig, fiber; ok%mpóg, hard]. Sclerosis or hardening of fibrous tissue. Inosculate (in-os/-ku-/āt) [in, in, on ; osculum, dim. of os, mouth]. In biology, to unite by small open- ings; to anastomose. Inosculation (in-os-Au-la/-shun) [in, in ; osculare, to kiss]. The joining, at their mouths, of the branches of blood-vessels, especially the extremities of the arteries with the origins of veins. INOSINIC ACID Inosinic Acid (in-o-sin/-ić). An ammonium derivative from muscle, of unknown constitution. Inosis (in-o’-sis). See Imogenesis. Inosite (in/-o-sit) [ig, fiber], CaFI1,Os -- 2 H,O. A Saccharine substance occurring sparingly in the human body, especially in the muscles. It also occurs in diabetic urine and in the urine of chronic nephritis. It is found in abundance in the vegetable kingdom, particularly in unripe beans. It forms large efflor- escent crystals (rhombic tables); in microscopic pre- parations it is usually obtained in tufted lumps of fine crystals. It is readily soluble in water, but insoluble in absolute alcohol and ether. Inosituria (in-o-siſ-tº-re-a/.) [ig, fiber; oipov, urine]. The presence of inosite in the urine. Inosteatoma (in-o-ste-at-o'-mah) [ig, fiber; otéap, fat; Öpia, tumor; pl., Znosteatomata]. A steatoma with fibrous elements. Inosuria (in-o-su/-re-ah). See ſmosituria. Inotagmata (in-o-tag/-mat-ah) [ig (iv), strength, force; Táypia, a regular arrangement, as of soldiers]. In biology, Engelmann’s name for hypothetic, contractile elements that generate the force of protoplasmic motion; they are held to be uniaxial and doubly refractive ; also written Isotagmata. Inquest (in/-Awest) [inquesita ; in, into ; quarere, to ask]. A judicial inquiry. I., Coroner's, an inquiry concerning the cause of the death of one who has died by violence or in some sudden or unknown way. Inquiline (in/-kwiſ-in) [L., inquilinus, an inhabitant of a place that is not his own]. In biology, a com- mensal or messmate; an animal inhabiting an abode that it does not produce. - Inquination (in-Æwin-a/-shun) [inquinatio, pollution]. Pollution; infection; corruption. ~. Inquisition (in-kwiz-ish/-um) [inquisitio, an inquiry]. The inquiry or hearing before a jury or commission concerning the sanity or lunacy of a criminal or a person charged with crime. - Insaccation (in-sak-a/-shun) [in, in ; saccus, sac). Encystment; enclosure in a sac. Insalivation (in-sal-iv-a/-shun) [in, in ; saliva, the spittle]. The mixture of the food with saliva during mastication. Insalubrity (in-sa/-u/-brit-e) [in, not; salubris, whole- some]. Unwholesomeness of air or of climate. Insanability (in-san-aē-i/-it-e) [in, not; sanabilis, curable]. Incurableness; the quality or state of being incurable. Insane (in-sān/) [in, not; samus, sound]. Deranged or diseased in mind. I. Ear. See Hematoma auris. Insaniola (in-san-i/-o-la/l) [dim. of insania, insanity]. A slight or minor degree of insanity. Insanitary (in-san/-it-a-re) [in, not; sanitas, health]. Not sanitary; not in a proper condition as respects the preservation of health (said of houses, buildings, and their surroundings). Insanitation "...º. -shun) [in, not ; sanitas, health]. Lack of proper sanitary conditions; defect of sanitation. Insanity (in-san/-it-e) [insanitas, insanity]. A de- rangement or abnormal condition of the mental facul- ties, with or without loss of volition and of conscious- ness. Insanity may be due to defective development, to acquired disease, or to natural decay. It is char- acterized, according to its form, by a variety of symp- toms, the most common of which are change of char- acter and habits, moroseness, confusion, elation, melancholy, mania, delusions, and hallucinations. The psychotic tendency is the chief predisposing cause, and on this some one of the many exciting causes will act and result in the final break-down. The vast 615 gr INSANITY majority of cases of insanity occur between the ages of twenty-five and forty-five. Melancholia, mania, delusional insanity, and dementia are the four principal types of the affection. According to Krafft-Ebing, in- sanity may be divided into two great groups, accord- ing as the disorder is the result of a disturbance of the developed brain or of an arrest of brain-development. He places insanity ordinarily so-called under the first head; his subdivisions are as follows:– A. Mental affections of the developed brain. I. Psychoneuroses. 1. Primary curable conditions. a. Melancholia a. Melancholia passiva. 8. Melancholia attonita. b. Mania. a. Maniacal exaltation. 8. Maniacal frenzy. c. Stupor. 2. Secondary incurable states. a. Secondary monomania. b. Terminal dementia. a. Dementia agitata. 8. Dementia apathetica. II. Psychic degenerative states. 'a. Constitutional affective insanity (folie raison- artte). b. Moral insanity. c. Primary monomania. a. With delusions. a.a. Of a persecutory tinge. 88. Of an ambitious tinge. 8. With imperative conceptions. d. Insanities transformed from the constitutional In ell I’OSes. a. Epileptic. 8. Hysteric. 'y. Hypochondriac. e. Periodic insanity. III. Brain diseases with predominating mental symp- tomS. a. Paralytic dementia. b. Cerebral syphilis. c. Chronic alcoholism. d. Senile dementia. e. Acute delirium. B. Mental results of arrested brain-development: idiocy and cretinism. I., Acquired, that arising after a long period of life of mental integrity. I., Alcoholic, that induced by alcoholic excess, usually a result of hereditary tenden- cies. I., Alternating. See A., Circular. I., Cir- cular, cyclothymia; alternating insanity; a form of insanity recurring in cycles varying in length from a few days to many months. The arrangement of the cycle varies in different individuals, but is constant in a given case. Thus melancholia may be followed by mania, and this by a lucid interval, the passage from onemental condition to the other being abrupt or gradual. I., Climacteric, insanity occurring at or near the menopause. I., Communicated, that transmitted by association with an insane person. I., Confusional, stuporous insanity; delusional stupor; mania hallu- cinatoria ; surgical insanity; puerperal mania ; post- febrile insanity; an acute insanity produced by nervous shock or exhausting disease, without distinct constant emotional depression or exaltation, with marked fail- ure of mental power or complete imbecility, often accompanied by hallucinations and loss of physical power. Recovery is usually complete. I., Doubting, a form of melancholia according to Régis, but accord. ing to others a psycho-convulsive mental disease closely allied to delusional insanity, which consists in an uncontrollable doubt and indecision regarding the oc- cupations, duties, or events of the day, of religion, etc. I., Epidemic, a form occasionally manifested among a number of people in common association, as in con- vents or schools. I., Febrile, a maniacal form, occa- sionally occurring in the course or as a sequel of acute inflammation or fever, I., Hereditary, that trans- mitted from parent to child, and not induced by other INSATIABILITY apparent cause. I., Ideational, a term applied to any form in which there is marked perversion of the reasoning powers. I., Impulsive, a form in which the patient possesses an uncontrollable desire to commit acts of violence. I., Moral, a form marked by perver- sion and depravity of the moral sense, apparently with- out impairment of the reasoning and intellectual fac- ulties. I. of Pregnancy, a form occurring during pregnancy, characterized by melancholia, suicidal in- tent, and abhorrence of friends and relatives. I., Pri- mary, a form, often congenital, that arises with the development of the body. It may also proceed from injury or disease of the brain in early life. I., Puer- peral, a term sometimes applied to the delirium of childbirth, but more properly to the mania occurring after delivery. I., Simultaneous, when two or more persons hereditarily inclined become affected at the same time. I., Menstrual. See Y., Periodic. I., Periodic, a condition dependent upon original or ac- quired psychopathy, in which attacks of insanity occur at regular or irregular intervals. If occurring in women at the menstrual epoch it is called Menstrual Insanity. I., Stuporous, the primary acute form of dementia; a disease chiefly met with in youth and early maturity. It is usually due largely to masturbation, and is also called Amergic Stupor. See also Z., Confusional. I., Surgical. See Z., Confusional. I., Volitional, such forms as are marked by derangement of the will. Insatiability (in-sa-she-ab-i/-it-e) [in, not; satiare, to satisfy]... The property of being insatiable. See Acoria. Insatiable (in-sa/-she-aē-l) [insatiabilis, that which cannot be satisfied]. Inordinately greedy; incapable of being satisfied. I. Appetite. See Bulimia. Inscriptiones tendineae (in-sărip-te-o'-nez ten-din'-e-e). The lineae transversae of the rectus abdominis muscle. Insculpt (in-skulpt') [insculpere, to cut or carve inj. In biology, applied to lichens that grow in the de- pressions in rocks. Insect (in/ º [insectum, an insect]. Any mem- ber of the class of animals called Ziesecta. I.- powder, the powdered flowers of several species of Pyrethrum or “buhach,” an insecticide in common use. In the United States the flowers of P. cinera:- folium are extensively grown for this purpose. See Authach. I. Wax. See Chizzese Wax. Insected (in-se/-fed) [insectus, p. p. of insecare, to cut in]. Incised or cut into. Insecticide (in-sek/-tis-id) [insectum, insect; cadere, to kill]. A substance that is destructive to insects. Insectiform (in-sek/-täform) [insectum, an insect; forma, form]. Resembling an insect. Insectivora (in-sek-tiv/-o-rah) [insectum, an insect; vorare, to devour]. An order of plantigrade animals belonging to the Mammalia, and living upon insects. Insectivorism (in-sek fiv/-or-izm) [insectum, an insect; zorare, to devour]. In biology, the property of capturing and devouring insects, such as is possessed by certain plants. Insectivorous (in-sek-tiv/-or-us) [insectum, insect; vorare, to devour]. In biology, feeding upon insects. Insectology (in-se/-/o/-o-je) [insectum, insect; %yoç, science]. The science treating of insects. Insemination (in-sem-in-a/-shun) [?nseminare, to plant seed]. The planting of seed. The introduction of SéIſle Il. - Insenescence (in-sen-es/-ems) [insenescentia ; in, not, or upon ; senex, old]. I. Vigorous age ; old age without its ordinary infirmities. 2. The approach of old age. Insensibility (in-sems-î-i/-it-e) [in, not; sentire, to feel]. The condition or state of being insensible; absence of consciousness; anesthesia. 616 INSTINCTIVE Insensible (in-sen/-sib-1) [in, not; sentire, to feel]. Without the sense of feeling. Incapable of being perceived or recognized by the senses. Unconscious. Insertion (in-ser/-shun) [insertio; inserere, to set inj. The act of setting or placing in ; or, that which is set in ; the point at which a muscle is attached to the part that it moves; the place or the mode of attachment of an organ to its support. I., Velamentous, the attachment of the umbilical cord to the margin of the placenta. Insidious (in-sid/-e-us) [insidia, an ambush]. Deceit- ful, stealthful. Hidden from external view. I. Dis- ease, one, the onset of which is gradual or inappre- ciable. - Insipid (in-sip/-īd) [insipidus, unsavory]. Tasteless. Insitio dentis (in-sish/-e-o den/-tis) [L.]. Implantation of a tooth. In situ (in si/-tu) [in, in ; situ, position]: A Latin phrase meaning in a given or natural position. Insolatio (in-so-la/-she-o). See Sunstroke. Insolation (in-so-la/-shun) [insolatio; in, in ; sol, sun]. I. Exposure to the sun, either as a prophylactic treat- ment or as a cause of disease. 2. Sunstroke. 3. In pharmacy, the drying or bleaching of substances by exposure to the Sun. Insolubility (in-sol-u-bil/-it-e) [insolubilis, insoluble]. The quality of being insoluble; lack of solubility. Insoluble (in-sol/-u-b/) [in, not; solubilis, soluble]. Incapable of solution. Insomnia (in-som/-ne-ah) [in, not; somnus, sleep). Want of sleep ; inability to sleep. Inspection (in-spek/-shun) [inspectio, or inspectus, a beholding]. In medicine, the examination ef the body or any part of it. Inspergation (in-sper-ga/-shun) [inspergere, to sprinkle into]. The sprinkling or dusting of a part with a fine powder. - Inspiration (in-spir-a/-shun) [inspiratio; in, in ; spir- are, to breathe]. That part of respiration consisting of the drawing in of the breath. Inspiratory (in-spi/-rat-or-e) [in, in ; breathe]. Pertaining to the act or function of inspir- ation. I. Spasm, a rare form of hysteric spasm of the larynx occurring only during inspiration, the vocal bands instead of separating, tending to approach one another. Inspissant (in-spis/-ant) [inspissans; in, in ; Spissare, to thicken]. I. Tending to thicken; thickening the blood or other fluids. 2. An agent that tends to in- crease the thickness of the blood or some other fluid. Inspissate (in-spis/-ät) [inspissare, to thicken]. To make thick by evaporation or by absorption of the liquid menstruum. Instaminate (in-stam/-in-āt) [in, not ; stamen , a sta- men]. Without stamens. * Instauration (in-staw-ra/-shun) [instauratio, renewalj. The first appearance of a physiologic condition; the establishment of a new function. Instep (in/-step) [instop, the bend of the foot]. arch of the foot, or its dorsal aspect. Instillation (in-sti!-a/-shun) [instillatio; instillare, to put in little by little]. The pouring of a liquid gutta- tim, or little by little. To introduce into a cavity, canal, or sac, drop by drop. Instinct (in-sting/ºt/) [instinguere, to impel]. In biol- ogy, organic habits registered in the nervous system of the race (Grant Allen). An inherited natural im- pulse, unassociated with a reasoning conception as to cause and effect. Instinctive (in-sting?'-tiv) [instinguere, to impel]. Prompted or determined by instinct; of the nature of instinct. spirare, to The INSTIPULATE Instipulate (in-stip/-u-lat) [in, without ; stipula, a stalk]. In biology, without stipules. Institute (in/-stit-fit) [instituere, to set up]. A state- ment of principles. Also, any establishment for the statement or dissemination of principles. Institutes of Medicine, the explanation or philosophy of the laws of the science of medicine, physiology, pathol- ogy, therapeutics, and hygiene, or the general and elementary principles of the same. The term is used sometimes as a synonym of physiology. Instrument (in/-stru-ment) [instrumentum ; instruere, to build]. Any mechanical tool or device used in operation or treatment. I., Exploring, for examin- ing teeth to ascertain the work necessary to be done ; more especially for determining the presence of caries of the teeth. Instrumentarium (in-stru-men-ta/-re-um) [L.]. A supply or collection of surgical, dental, or other in- StrumentS. - Instrumentation (in-stru-men-ta/-shun) [instrumen- tum, an instrument]. The care and management of a surgeon’s instruments. Insuccation (in-suk-a/-shun) [in, into ; succus, juice]. The steeping of a drug for a considerable time in water before using it in any pharmaceutic process. Insufficiency (in-suffish/-en-se) [insufficientia; in, not; sub, under; facere, to make]. Incapacity of normal action, on account of some deficiency, as of size; the quality of not being sufficient for a special function or duty. In ophthalmology, a disturbance of equilibrium of the ocular muscles, that is overcome by the effort of binocular vision, and so does not produce strabismus. It is also called laterit or dynamic squint. I., Aortic. See Andocarditis. I. of the Cardiac Valves, imperfect closure, permitting regurgitation. I. of the Externi, or esophoria; the internal recti ocular muscles are more powerful than the externi, or more accurately, the power of adduction, or conver- gence, is excessive. I. of the Interni, or exophoria; the external recti are predominant or the power of ad- duction is subnormal. I. of Muscles, Active, a phe- nomenon of a muscle acting on two or more joints when the joints over which it passes are so changed that it cannot'contract actively any further than to the extent of the shortening from which it begins to be active. I. of Muscles, Passive, the analogue of the phenomena of active insufficiency whereby motion of the part is pre- vented from the position of the joint, the muscle being too short to act under such circumstances. I. of the Ocular Muscles, heterophoria, or unbalance; high degrees result in strabismus, diplopia, asthenopia, etc. I., Mitral. See Andocarditis. I., Pulmon- ary. See Endocarditis. I., Tricuspid. See Balmö- carditis. t Insufflation (in-suffta/-shum) [insuffare; in, in ; suffare, to puff]. The blowing of any finely divided substance upon a surface or into a cavity, or the filling of any cavity with air, gas, or vapor. Insufflator (in/-suf-la-tor) [in, in ; sufflare, to blow]. A small instrument for blowing fine powders into a cavity or on a surface. Also, one for blowing air into the lungs. Insula (in/-su-Mah) [L.]. I. In anatomy, the island of Reil. 2. Any detached part or exclave of an organ. 3. A blood-islet, or island. See /sland. Insular (in/-su-lar) [insula, an island]. Isolated in condition ; also, pertaining to the Island of Reil. I. Sclerosis, Disseminated, Cerebro-spinal, or Multiple Sclerosis. A disease characterized by scattered islets of sclerosis in the brain and cord. It is called sclerose en plaques disseminees by the French, and multiple sclerosis by the Germans. It is distinctly a disease of 617 INTENSITY early adult life, and is of about equal frequency in the two sexes. The causes are obscure. The disease has been observed to follow infectious diseases, exposure to wet and cold, and traumatism. In some cases a neuropathic predisposition has been present. The symptoms vary according to the situation of the islets; the most common are motor derangement, a jerky tremor, paresis or paralysis, and ocular symptoms, as diplopia and amblyopia, with nystagmus, and occasion- ally atrophy of the discs. The tremor is ordinarily absent during repose, but appears on attempted move- ment, and is hence designated, intention-tremor. The speech is a characteristic one, very slow, each syllable being pronounced with difficulty; hence it is said to be of a “scanning’’ nature. Vertigo is also a very fre- quent symptom, and in the advanced stage the mind undergoes deterioration, and dementia may make its appearance. The knee-jerks are exaggerated and ankle- clonus is present. The lesions of the disease are small grayish or yellow gelatinous patches scattered through- out the brain and in both the white and gray matter of the cord. Insulate (in/-su-lāt) [insulare, to make like an island]. To isolate or separate from surroundings. In elec- tricity, to surround a conductor with a non-conducting substance or with one having an exceedingly high degree of resistance. Insulation (in-su-la/-shum) [insulatio insulare, to make like an island]. The process of insulating ; the state or quality of being insulated. Insult (in/-sulf) [insultus, in, upon; saltare, to leap). The beginning of a paroxysm or of an attack of a disease. I., Apoplectic, an apoplectic stroke. Insusceptibility (in-sus-sep-tib-i/-it-e) [insusceptibilis, not susceptible]. Absence of contagious quality; it differs from Immunity in being applied to the disease instead of the person. Integer (in/-te-ger) [L.]. An entity. I., Fissural, a term designating a fissure of the brain, which is independent in some species or individuals, and deepest at or about the middle of its length, corresponding nearly with the place of first appear- alſh C62. Integral (in/-te-gral) [integer, whole]. sential. Integration (in-te-gra’-shun) [integratio, a renewing]. The blending of separate parts into one, as in the embryo. Integrity (in-tag/-riţ-e) [integritus; integer, whole]. Wholeness; entirety. Also, virginity. Integument (in-feg/-u-ment)[integumentum : in, upon ; tegere, to cover]. A covering, especially the skin. In botany, the envelop surrounding the ovule of phanerogamous plants. I., Fetal, the fetal mem- branes. Intellect (in/-te/-eki) [intellectus : [inter, between; Jegere, to choose]. The mind or reasoning power. I., Deranged. See Insanity. Intelligence (in-fe/-ij-ence) [intelligentia, intelligence]. The understanding that comes from the perception of qualities and attributes of the objective world, and is manifested in the purposive employment of means to attain an end. Intemperance (in-tem/ -per-ans) [in, not ; temperan- fia, mildness]. Want of moderation ; immoderate indulgence, especially with reference to alcoholic liquors, - Intensity (in-ten/-sit-e) [intensus, stretched, strung]. Concentration of energy or activity. Also, a high degree of energy or power. I., Specific. See Spe- ciftc. Entire ; es- INTENSIVE Intensive (in-den’-siv) [intensus, stretched; strung]. Gradually increased in force or energy. Strengthen- ing or increasing the sexual passions. I. Method of Pasteur. See Aastezzr. Intention (in-den/-shun) [intentio, a stretching out]. See Healing. I.-tremor, a tremor coming on when attempts at voluntary motion are made. lnter- (in/-ter-) [inter, between]. A Latin prefix signi. fying between. Interaccessory (in-ter-aš/-ses-or-e) [inter, between; accedere, to go to]. Situated between accessory pro- cesses of the vertebrae. I. Muscles, short lumbar mus- cles connecting the accessory processes of the vertebrae. Interarticular (in-der-ar-tik/-u-lar) [inter, between ; articulus, a joint]. Situated between joints. I. Fibro-cartilage, the flattened cartilaginous plates, irregular in shape, between the articular cartilages of certain Joints. Interarytenoid (in-fer-ar-i/-ten-oid) [inter, between ; āpüTatva, a pitcher; eiðog, likeness]. Between the two arytenoid cartilages. I. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Interauricular (in-fer-aw-rić/-u-lar) [inter, between ; auricula, auricle]. Situated between the auricles or auriculae. Interbrain (in/-ter-brān). 7%alamencephalon. Intercadence (in-fer-ka/-dens) [inter, between; cadere, to fall]. The irregular beating of the pulse, which seems occasionally to have an additional beat between normal pulsations. Intercadent (in-ter-ka/-dent) [inter, between ; cadere, to fall]. Exhibiting the quality of intercadence. Intercalary (in-ter/-ka/-a-re) [inter, between; calare, to insert]. Placed or inserted between. I. Growth, a growth of new material interstitially deposited. Intercalatum (in-ter-ka/-at-um) [inter, between; calare, to insert]. Substantia nigra, locus niger; a dark mass of crescentic outline situated between the ventral crusta and the dorsal tegmentum of the crus cerebri. Intercapillary (in-fer-Āap/-iſ-a-re) [inter, between; capillus, a hair]. Between capillaries. Intercarotic, Intercarotid (in-fer-Aar-of/-ić, in-fer-Āar- ot/-id) [inter, between ; Kapóelv, to produce sleep). Situated between the external and internal carotids. I. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of Intercavernous (in-ter-kav-er/-nus) [inter, between ; caverna, a cave]. Situated between two antra, or between the two cavernous sinuses. Intercellular (in-ter-se/-u-lar) [inter, between; cellula, a small cell]. Among or between cells. Intercentral (in-fer-sen'-tral) [inter, between ; cen- trum, a center]. Between centers. Intercerebral (in-fer-ser/-e-bral) [inter, between ; cere- ðrum, cerebrum]. Between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Interchondral (in-fer-Āom/-dral) [inter, between; Żóvöpog, cartilage]. Between cartilages; by means of the interposition of cartilages. Intercilium (in-fer-siſ/-e-um). See Glabella. Interclavicle (in-ſer-k/av/-īA-2) [inter, between ; clavus, a key]. A membrane-bone which in all ver- tebrates below the rank of mammals, and also in the monotremes, is developed either ventrad of the sternum, or between the clavicles. In the typical mammalia no true interclavicle exists; but some theorists have given the name to certain extra-sternal structural elements in the true or placental mammals. Interclavicular (in-fer-Alav-iº/-u-lar) [inter, between; clavicula, the collar-bone]. Between the clavicles. Interclinoid (in-fer-Ali/-noid) [inter, between ; Kätvh, See Diencephalon and 618 INTERFILAR bed; elóog, resemblance]. cesses of the sphenoid bone. Intercolumnar (in-fer-Aol-um/-mar). See Fascia. Intercondylar, or Intercondyloid (in-fer-Āon/-diſ-ar, in-ter-kon/-dil-ond) [inter, between ; Kóvóvãog, a knob; eldog, likeness.] Between condyles. I. Eminence, the spine or knob separating the two condylar portions of the tibia. I. Fossa, the notch between the condyles of the femur. I. Line, a transverse line crossing above the intercondyloid fossa, and joining the condyles. I. Notch. Same as Z. Aossa. Intercostal (in-ter-kos/-tal) [inter, between; costa, a rib]. Pertaining to the space between ribs. I. Arteries, the aortic arteries of the intercostal spaces. See Arteries, Table of I. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of I. Nerves, the anterior divisions of the dorso- spinal nerves. See AVerves, Table of Intercosto-humeral (in-ter-kos’-to-hu/-mer-al) [inter, between ; costa, rib; humerus, the bone of the upper arm]. Pertaining to the arm and the space between the ribs. Intercourse (in/-ter-kors) [intercursus, commerce]. Communication. I., Carnal, sexual connection; coi- tion. I., Sexual. Same as Z., Carma!. Intercoxal (in-fer-ſºoks/-al) [inter, between ; coxa, hip]. Situated between the coxae or hips. - Intercurrent (in-ter-Aur’-ent) [inter, between ; cur- rere, to run]. Occurring or taking place between. I. Disease, a term loosely applied to diseases occur- ring sporadically during a period of prevailing endemic or epidemic diseases. Also applied to a disease arising or progressing during the existence of another disease in the same person. Interdental (in-fer-den/-tal) [inter, between ; dens, a tooth]. I. Between the teeth. 2. An interdentium. I. Splint, a splint used in fracture of the jaw, con- sisting of a metallic frame at the neck of the teeth, held by wire sutures passing between the teeth. Interdentium (in-ter-den/-she-um) [inter, between; dens, a tooth]. The space between any two of the teeth. Interdiction (in-ter-dić/-shun) [interdictio, a prohibit- ing]. A judicial or legal process that deprives an insane person or one suspected of insanity of the man- agement of his own affairs or of the affairs of others. Interdigital (in-ter-dij/-it-a!) [inter, between; digitus, a finger]. Between fingers. I. Membrane, the skin between the toes of palmate-footed animals. I. Space, that between adjacent fingers. Interdigitation (in-ter-diſ-it-a/-shun) [inter, between ; digitus, a finger]. The locking or dovetailing of similar parts, as the fingers of one hand with those of the other; or of the ends of the obliquus externus muscle with those of the serratus magnus. Interfascicular (int-ter-fas-ić/-u-lar) [inter, between; fasciculus, a bundle]. Situated between fasciculi. Interfemoral (in-ter-fem/-or-al) [inter, between ; ſemur, the thigh]. Between the femurs or thighs. Interfere (in-terfer') [inter, between; few ire, to strike]. In horses, to strike one hoof or the shoe of one hoof against the opposite leg or fetlock. Interference (in-fer-fºr’-ens) [inter, between ; ferire, to strike]. Interposition. I. of Light, the mutual neutralization of waves of light, as shown in Newton's rings, when the crest of one wave falls upon the trough of another. I. of Sound, the neutralization of two sound-waves, one by the other. Interfibrillar (in-ter-fi/-briſ-ar) [inter, between; ſibra, a fiber]. In biology, situated between the fibrillae of tissues. Interfilar (in-fer-ft/-/ar) [inter, between; ſilum, a thread]. In biology, existing between the filaments of a reticulum. Between the clinoid pro- INTERGANGLIONIC Interganglionic (in-ter-gang-gle-on/-i})[inter, between; yáyyżtov, a tumor, ganglion]. Connecting one ganglion with another; lying between ganglia. Interglandular (in-ter-gland/-u-lar) [inter, between; glandula, a gland]. Situated between glands. Interglobular (in-ter-glob/-u-lar) [inter, between; globulus, a ball]. Situated between globules. I. Spaces, irregular cavities seen in a section of den- tine, after the earthy matter has been removed by putting a tooth in dilute acid. They are so called because surrounded by minute globules of dentine. Intergyral (in-ter-fi/-ra!) [inter, between; gyrus, a gyre]. Situated between two or more gyri. Interhemicerebral (in-ter-hem-e-ser/-e-bral) [inter, between ; ºut, half; cerebrum, cerebrum.]. Situated between the cerebral hemispheres. Interhemispheric (in-fer-hem-is-ſer/-ić) [inter, be- tween ; #ut, half; opaipa, sphere]. Situated between hemispheres. Interinhibitive (in-fer-in-hib/-it-iv) [inter, between; inhibere, to inhibit]. Mutually inhibitory. Interjectional (in-fer-ješ/-shum-al) [inter, between ; ficere, to throw]. Interjected; thrown between. I. Speech, the expression of emotions by inarticulate sounds. - Interlaminar (in-ter-fam/-in-ar) [inter, between ; lamina, a leaf). In biology, situated between laminae. Interlobar (in-fer-lo'-bar) [inter, between; lobus, a lobe]. Situated between lobes. Interlobular (in-fer-lob/-u-lar) [inter, between; lobulus, a lobule]. Between lobules. I. Emphysema. See AEmphysema. Intermalar (in-ter-ma/-lar) [inter, between; mala, the cheek-bone]. Situated between the malar bones. Intermarriage (in-ter-mar/-āj) [inter, between; mari- tus, a husband]. Marriage between persons related by consanguinity, or between persons of different races. Intermastoid (in-fer-masſ-toid)[inter, between; plaqróg, breast; elóog, likeness]. Situated between or con- necting the two mastoid processes. - Intermaxilla (in-ter-maks-i/-ah) [inter, between; maxilla, jaw]. The premaxilla; the intermaxillary bone. . Intermaxillary (in-ter-mažs/-iſ-a-re) [inter, between; maxilla, jaw-bone]. Between the maxillary bones. I. Bone, the small bone that receives the incisors, situated between the superior maxillary bones of the fetus. It also occurs in most mammals. Intermediate (in-fer-me/-de-at) [inter, between ; me- dius, the middle]. Situated between. I. Dysmenor- rhea. See Dysmemorrhea. I. Carbon-atoms, those connected with two other carbon-atoms, having two valence-units that may be saturated by two hydrogen- atoms (or other elements). Intermeningeal (in-fer-men-in/-je-al) [inter, between; piñvtyś, membrane]. Between the dura and the arachnoid; or, between the latter and the pia. I. Hemorrhage, a hemorrhage between the meninges of the brain or spinal cord. Intermenstrual (in-fer-mem/-stru-al) [inter, between ; menstrualis, menstrual]. Between the menstrual pe- riods. Interment (in-ter’-ment) [in, in ; terra, the earth]. The burial of the body. Intermetacarpal (in-ter-met-aft-ar/-pal) [inter, be- tween ; uerá, beyond; Kapiróg, the wrist]. Between the metacarpal bones. Intermetatarsal (in-ter-met-at-ar’-sal) [inter, be- tween; pletá, beyond; tapo 6¢, tarsus]. Between the metatarsal bones. Intermission (in-fer-mish/-um) [intermissio, a breaking off]. The interval between the paroxysms of a fever. 619 INTERPARIETAL Also, an interval in which the pulse fails to beat in rhythmic time. Intermittent (in-fer-mit/-ent) [inter, between; mitzere, to send or occur]. Occurring at intervals. I. Fever. See Aezer. I. Insanity. See /nsanity, Cyclic. I. Ligature. See Zigature. I. Pulse, one the rhythm of which is interrupted by pauses at irregular intervals. I. Hemisystole, a very rare condition sometimes en- countered in cases of mitral insufficiency, in which with every two beats of the heart only one beat of the pulse is felt. Intermuscular (in-fer-mus/-Au-lar) [inter, between; musculus, a muscle]. Situated between muscles. Intern (in-term/) [Fr., interne]. An in-door or resident physician in a hospital; a member of an in-door staff of physicians. Internal (in-ter’-mal) [internus, inward]. Situated within or on the inside. I. Capsule, the band of white nerve-matter between the thalamus and the interventricular portion of the striatum. I. Capsule, Knee of, the angle formed by the junction of the two divisions of the internal capsule. I. Cell-formation, free cell-formation; endogenous cell-formation. That mode of cell-division in which new cells are formed within the walls of an old cell, as distinguished from fission and gemmation. Internarial (in-ter-ma/-re-al) [inter, between ; mares, nostrils]. Situated between the nostrils. Interneural (in-fer-mu’-ra/) [inter, between ; veipov, nerve]. Situated between neural spines. Internode (in/-ter-nād) [inter, between; modus, a knot]. The space between adjacent joints or knots, as the phalanx of a finger or a toe. That part of a nerve-fibril between Ranvier’s nodes is called the intermodal segment. Internodium (in-fer-mo/-de-um). Same as Internode. Internuclear (in-fer-mº/-Åle-ar) [inter, between ; mu- cleus, a kernel]. Situated between nuclei. - Internuncial (in-fer-mun'-shal) [inter, between ; nuncius, a messenger]. Serving as a connecting or announcing medium, e.g., the nerves in their relation to the muscles and the will. Internus (in-ter/-nus). See Internal. Interoptic (in-ter-op’-tié) [inter, between ; opticus, optic]. Between the optic lobes, tracts or nerves of the brain. - Interorbital (in-fer-or'-bit-a!) [inter, between ; orbita, the orbit]. Situated between the orbits. I. Bone, the median bone of fishes. I. Plate and I. Septum, a structure of the fore-brain, with its extension, found in certain fishes and reptiles. Interosseous (in-fer-os/-e-us) [inter, between ; ossa, a bone]. Between two bones. I. Arteries, a name given to various branches of the dorsal, palmar, plantar, and metatarsal arteries of the hand, foot, and forearm. See Arteries, Table of I. Muscles, a name given to certain muscles of the hand, foot, and forearm. See Muscles, Zable of I. Nerves, the nerves sup- plying the interosseous muscles. See AVerves, Table of Interpalpebral (in-fer-pa/-pe-bral) [inter, between ; palpebra, the eyelid]. Between the palpebrae. I. Spot. See Pinguecula. I. Zone, that part of the cornea and of the scleral conjunctiva that ordinarily is not covered by the lids. Interpapillary (in-fer-pop/-i/-a-re) [inter, between ; papilla, a papilla]. Between papillae. Interparietal (in-fer-par-3’-et-al) [inter, between ; paries, walls]. Between walls. I. Bone, a term Sometimes applied to the upper, squamous, and non- cartilaginous part of the occipital bone. I. Fissure. See Fissure. I. Suture, the sagittal suture, or that formed by the approximation of the parietal bones. INTERPEDUNCULAR Interpeduncular (in-ter-pe-dung/-ku-lar) [inter, be- tween ; pedunculus, a little foot]. Situated between the cerebral or cerebellar peduncles. I. Space, the pons Tarini, or posterior perforated space that forms the posterior portion of the floor of the third ventricle. Interphalangeal (in-fer-ſa-lan/-je-al) [inter, between; pážayš, a finger]. Between the fingers or the toes. I. Articulations, the ginglymoid articulations of the fingers and of the toes. Interplacental (in-ter-plas-en/-tal) [inter, between ; placenta, a cake]. Between the placental lacunae. Interpolation (in-fer-po-la/-shum) [interpolare, to fur- bish up]. The surgical transfer of tissue to a new part, or from one subject to another. Interpubic (in-ter-pu'-bić) [inter, between ; pubis, pubis]. Situated between the pubic bones. I. Disc, the fibro-cartilaginous mass forming the Symphysis of the pubis. Interradial (in-fer-ra/-de-al) [inter, between ; radius, a ray]. Situated between two rays. Interramicorn (in-fer-ram/-ić-orm) [inter, between ; ramus, a branch; cornu, a horm]. In biology, a portion of the horny sheath of the bill in certain birds. Interrenal (in-fer-re/-mal) [inter, between; ren, the kidney]. Situated between the kidneys. Interrupted (in-fer-up/-fed) [interrumpere, to break apart]. Broken; irregular. I. Breathing. See Areath-sounds. Interrupter (in-fer-up/-ter) [interrumpere, to break apart]. One who, or that which, interrupts; specific- ally, a device for breaking an electric current. Interscapular (in-ter-skap/-u-lar) [inter, between ; scapula, the shoulder-blade]. Between the shoulder- blades. I. Region, the part of the chest between the two shoulder-blades. I. Reflex. See A'eſlexes, Table of. Interscapulum (in-fer-skap/-u-ſum) [inter, between ; scapular, shoulder-blades; pl., Interscapula]. In bi- ology, the region of the back between the shoulder- blades. Interspace (in/-ter-spás) [inter, between ; spatium, a space]. An interval between the ribs, or between the fibers or lobules of a tissue or organ. Interspinal (in-fer-spi/-ma!) [inter, between ; spina, a spine]. Between spines; specifically, between the spines of the vertebrae. I. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of Interspinous (in-ter-spi/-nus) [inter, between ; spina, a spine]. Situated between spinous processes, as of the vertebrae. Interstice (in-ter’-stis) [interstițium, a space between]. A space or interval. Also, a pore. Interstitial (in-fer-stish/-al) [interstițium, space be- tween : pl., Interstiția). Pertaining to any space or interval between parts or organs, and especially ap- plied to that which is placed between parenchymatous structures. I. Absorption, the absorption of the partitions of a multiloculated cyst or abscess. Also, any similar absorption. I. Atrophy, a condition observed in certain diseases of the bones (arthritis deformans), in which the mineral matter has been absorbed to such an extent that only reticulated laminae remain. I. Hypertrophy, a condition in cer- tain diseases of the bones in which there is an excessive deposit of mineral matter in the Haversian canals and lacunae. It is often accompanied by diminution in the size of the bone. I. Keratitis. See Keratitis. I. Pregnancy. See Pregnancy. Intertransversales (in-fer-trans-ver-sa/-lèz) [inter, between ; transversus, turned across]. A name given to the short bundles of muscular fibers extending 620 INTESTINAL between the transverse processes of contiguous ver- tebrae. See Muscles Table of Intertriginous (in-fer-trij/-in-us) [inter, between ; terere, to rub]. Of the nature of or affected with intertrigo. Intertrigo (in-ter-tri/-go) [inter, between ; terere, to rub). An erythematous eruption or lesion of the skin produced by friction of adjacent parts. See Arythema. Intertrochanteric (in-ter-tro-kan-ter/-ić) [inter, be- tween; Tpoxavráp, trochanter]. Between the trochans ters. I. Line. See Lines, Table of Intertubular (in-ter-tu'-bu-lar) [inter, between , tubulus, a tube]. Between tubes. I. Substance, the translucent, granular substance of the dentine of the tooth, containing most of its earthy elements. Interureteric (in-fer-u-ret-er/-ić) [inter, between; oupſ).Tâp, ureter]. Situated between the ureters on their outlets. Intervaginal (in-ter-vaj’-in-al) [inter, between ; va- gina, sheath]. Between sheaths. I. Space, that found within the sheaths of the optic nerve. Interval (in/-ter-val) [inter, between; vallum, a ram- part]. A space or lapse either of time or distance, as the interval between the paroxysms of a fever, or between two organs or parts of the body. I., Focal, the distance between the anterior and posterior focal points. I., Sacro-cotyloid, a space existing between the promontory of the sacrum and the posterior part of the cotyloid cavity or acetabulum. Intervenium (in-fer-ve/-me-um) [inter, between; vena, vein; pl., Intervenia]. In biology, the space between the veins of leaves. Interventricular (in-fer-ven-trik/-u-lar) [inter, be- tween ; ventriculum, a ventricle]. Between ventricles, e.g., of the heart. I. Septum, the fibrous septum or partition between the ventricles of the heart. Intervenular (in-fer-ven/-u-lar) [inter, between; venula, a little vein]. In biology, situated between the veins of an insect’s wing. Intervertebral (in-fer-ver/-te-bral) [inter, between; vertebra, a bone of the spine]. Between the verte- brae. I. Discs, the lenticular discs of fibro-cartilage between the adjacent surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae. I. Foramen. See Foramenz. I. Notch, the notch at the base of the pedicle of the laminae on the sides of the body of each vertebra. I. Substance. Same as Z. Miscs. Intervillous (in-fer-viſ/-us) [inter, between; villus, a tuft of hair]. Situated between villi. Intestinal (in-tes/-tin-al) [intestimum, the intestine]. Pertaining to the intestine. I. Absorption, the ab- sorption of the peptonized products of digestion by the capillaries, veins, and lacteals of the mucous membrane of the intestines. I. Anastomosis. See Azzasto- mosis. I. Arteries, the arteries of the intestines, of which the principal trunks are the celiac axis and the mesenteric branches. The lower part of the rectum is supplied by the hemorrhoidal branches of the iliac and pudic arteries. See Arteries, Table of I. Canal, the entire intestinal passage from the begin- ing of the duodenum to the anus. I. Cast. Same as Z. Mole. I. Concretion. See Antero- lith. I. Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Fever. I. Fistula, a fistula or unnatural aperture in any part of an intestine. I. Glands, the glands found in the Z. Canal. See Gland. I. Juice, the liquid secretion of the intestinal glands. I. Mole, the membranous discharge from the bowel in Pseudo- membramous Enteritis. I. Obstruction, arrest of or interference with the progress of the feces. I. Tract, or Tube. Same as Z. Canal. - INTESTINE 621 Intestine (in-tes/-tin) [intestimus, intestine]. of the digestive tube extending from the beginning of the duodenum to the anus. I., Large, comprises º/4%zº a. s& º 3 sº #. f ; THE LARGE INTESTINE. a. Entrance of the small intestine. 5. Appendix vermiformis. c. Caput caecum coli. d. Transverse colon. e. Descending colon. J. Sigmoid flexure, h. Rectum. i. Anus. the cecum, colon, and rectum. I., Small, consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Intestinorum inflammatio (in-tes-tin-o’-rum in- fam-a/-she-o) [L., “Inflammation of the intestines”]. See Enteritis. Intestinulum (in-des-tin/-u-lum) [L., a small intes- tine; pl., Intestimula]. I. The small intestine. 2. A cerebral convolution or gyrus. 3. The umbilical cord or navel-string. - Intextine (in-teks/-tän) [intus, within ; externus, with- out]. In biology, a supplementary inner layer of the extine of the pollen-grains of certain plants. Intima (in/-tim-ah) [intimus, inmost]. A term used instead of tunica intima, the innermost coat, or thin, transparent endothelial lining of the heart and blood- vessels, consisting of a layer of irregular, long, fusi- form, nucleated, squamous cells. Intine (in/-tin) [intus, within]. coat of the pollen-grain. Intolerance (in-to/-er-ams) [intolerans ; in, not; tolerere, to bear]. Want of endurance or ability to stand pain. Impatience. Also, the inability to endure the action of a medicine. Intonation (in-to-ma/-shum) [intomere, to thunder]. I. The rumbling or gurgling sound produced by the movement of flatus in the bowels. 2. The tone of the voice. Intortion (in-tor/-shum) [infortus, p. p. of intorquere, to curl, to twist]. In biology, the winding, bend- ing, or twisting of a part or organ. Intoxicant (in-toks/-īk-ant) [intoxicare, to intoxicate J. I. Intoxicating; capable of producing intoxication or poisoning. 2. A drug or agent capable of produc- ing intoxication. Intoxication (in-toks-ić-a/-shun) [intoxicare, to poi- son]. A word popularly used to denote the effect of the excessive use or of an overdose of an alcoholic liquor; in a wider sense, any poisoning ; the state re- sulting from an overpowering dose of any poison. I., Septic. See Septicemia. I., Uremic. See Cremia. Intra- (in/-trah-) [intra, within]. A Latin prefix sig- In biology, the inner The part INTRAMURAL I.-abdominal, within the cavity of I.-arachnoid, within the arachnoid I.-capsular, nifying within. the abdomen. space. I.-articular, within a joint. within the capsular ligament of a joint. Intrabiontic (in-trah-bi-on/-tié) [intra, within; 3ioc, life; &v (óvr), being]. In biology, applied to phe- nomena occurring within, and determined by, an indi- vidual organism. I. Selection, Weismann’s term for the principle formulated by Roux, of the struggle of the parts concerned in ontogeny. Intracardiac (in-trah-AEar’-de-ak) [intra, within; kap- 6ía, heart]. Situated or produced within the heart- cavity. Intracartilaginous (in-frah-AEar-fil-a/-in-us) [intra, within ; cartilago, cartilage]. Within a cartilage. I. Ossification. See Ossification . Intracellular (in-tra-se/-u-lar) [in/ra, within; cellula, a little cell]. In biology, existing or happening within the cell. I. Digestion, also called parenchy- matous digestion ; digestion as exhibited by unicel- lular organisms. I. Pangenesis. See Heredity and Aangenesis. Intracerebral (in-trah-ser’-e-bral) [intra, within; cere- &rum, cerebrum]. Within the cerebrum. Intracervical (in-trah-ser/-vić-al) [intra, within; cer- vix, cervix]. Within the cervical canal of the uterus. Intraciliary (in-trah-siſ/-e-a-re) [intra, within ; cilium, an eye-lash]. Situated within the ciliary region. Intracranial (in-trah-Ara/-me-a/) [intra, within ; Kpavíov, the skull]. Within the skull. I. Hemor- rhage, an escape of blood within the cranial cavity; cerebral hemorrhage. Intracutaneous (in-trah-Au-ta/-me-us) [intra, within ; cutis, the skin]. Within the skin-substance. Intracystic (in-trah-sis/-tić) [intra, within ; Küorig, a cyst]. Situated or occurring within a cyst. Intradermic (in-trah-der’-mié) [intra, within; &#pua, skin]. Same as Intracutaneous. Intradural (in-trah-du/-ral) [intra, within; hard]. Situated or occurring within the dura. Intrafetation (in-trah-fe-ta/-shum) [intra, within; fetus, a fetus]. The formation of a fetus within another fetus. Intragyral (in-trah-ji’-ra/) [intra, within; gyrus, a gyre]. Within a gyre of the brain. Intrahepatic (in-frah-he-pat/-ä) [intra, within ; # Tap, liver]. Within the liver-substance. Intralamellar (in-fraſh-lam-el/-ar) lamella, a thin plate]. In lamellae. Intraligamentous (in-trah-Jig-am-en’-tus) [intra, with- in ; /īgamentum, a ligament]. Within or between the folds of a ligament, as a cyst. Intralingual (in-tra/-ling/-gwal) [intra, within ; Zin- głęa, º Within the substance of the tongue. Intralobular (in-trah-lob/-u-lar) [intra, within; lobulus, a little lobe]. Within a lobe or lobule. I. Vein, a vein traversing a liver-lobule. I. Plexus, a net- work of vessels in a liver-lobule. duries, [intra, within; biology, within the Intramembranous (in-trah-mem/-bran-us) [intra, within; membrana, a membrane]. Within a mem- brane. Intrameningeal. (in-trah-men-in/-je-a/) [infra, within ; piñvtyś, membrane]. Situated within the substance of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. I. Hemorrhage, an effusion of blood into the sac of the dura mater. Intramolecular (in-frah-mo-ſek/-u-lar) [intra, within; molecula, a molecule]. Within the molecules of a substance. Intramural (in-frah-mu’-ra/) [intra, within; mura, a wall]. Intraparietal. Within the substance of the walls of an organ. INTRAMUSCULAR Intramuscular (in-trah-mus/-ku-lar) [intra, within ; musculus, a muscle]. Within the substance of a muscle. Intranasal (in-trah-ma/-sal) [intra, within; masus, nose]. Within the cavity of the nose, Intranuclear (in - tra/, - nu/- Ale-ar) [intra, within; nucleus, a kernel]. Within a nucleus. Intra-ocular (in-trah-ok/-u-lar) [intra, within; oculus, eye). Within the globe of the eye. I. Hemor- rhage, an effusion of blood into the globe of the eye. I. Pressure, or Tension. See Tension. Intra-orbital (in-trah-or/-bit-al) [intra, within; orbita, orbit]. Within the orbit. I. Aneurysm, an aneu- rysm within the orbit of the eye, and usually involving a branch of the ophthalmic artery. I. Hemorrhage, a hemorrhage taking place within the orbit, but behind the capsule of Tenon. Intraosseous (in-tra/-os/-e-us) [intra, within; os, a bone]. Within the substance of a bone. Intraovarian (in-trah-o-va/-re-an) [intra, within; ovarium, ovary]. Within the ovarian stroma. Intraparietal (in-trah-par-i/-et-al) [intra, within; paries, a wall]. of the wall of an organ. 2. Within the parietal region of the cerebrum, e.g., the J. Fissure. Intrapelvic (in-tra/-pe/-vić) [intra, within; pelvis, basin]. Within the pelvic cavity. Intraperitoneal (in-tra-per-it-on-e'-a') [intra, within; Teputóvalov, the peritoneum]. Within the peritoneum or membranous sac that covers the abdominal viscera. Intraplacental (in-tra/-plas-en'-tal) [intra, within; placenta, cake]. Within the placental tissue. Intrapleural (in-trah-p/u/-ral) [intra, within ; thewpá, a rib]. Within the pleural cavity. Intrapolar (in-tra/-po'-lar) [intra, within; £olus, pole]. Between the poles or ends of an axis. See, also, Axtrapolar. Intrapulmonary (in-trah-pul/-/no-na-re) [intra, within; pulmo, the lung]. Within the substance of the lung. Intraretinal (in-trah-reſ/-in-al) [intra, within, retina, retina]. Within the substance of the retina. Intrascleral (in-trah-sk/e/-ra/) [intra, within; ak%mpóg, hard]. Situated, occurring, or performed within the sclera. Intrascrotal (in-trah-sàro'-ta/) [intra, within; scro- fum, scrotum]. Within the scrotal sac. Intraspinal (in-trah-spi/-na/) [intra, within ; spina, spine]. Within the spinal canal. Intratesticular (in-trah-tes-tik/-u-lar) [intra, within ; testiculus, a testicle]. Within the testicle. Intratubal (in-trah-ſu/-bal) [intra, within ; tuba, a trumpet]. Within a Fallopian tube. Intratympanic (in-tra/-tim-pan/-i}) tympanum, the ear-drum]. cavity. Intraurethral (in-trah-u-reth/-ral) [intra, within ; oup#0pa, urethra]. Within the urethra. Intra-uterine (in-rah-w/-ter-in) [intra, within ; uterus, womb). Within the womb. I. Amputation, a spon- taneous amputation occurring occasionally to some part of the factus in utero that becomes constricted by the umbilical cord or from other causes. I. Drowning, death of the ſatus in utero from efforts at respiration, liquor amnii instead of air being drawn into the air-tubes. The cause of the respiratory efforts is an arrest of fetal circulation in the cord or placenta. I. Fracture, that which occurs to a foºtus in utero. I. Life, that period of the existence of an animal between conception and birth. Intravasation (in-trav-as-aſ-shun) [intra, within; vas, vessel). The entrance of extraneous matter, as pus, into a blood-vessel. Cf. Extravasation. [intra, within ; Within the tympanic 622 I. Within the wall or the substance INTUSSUSCEPTION Intravascular (in-trah-vas/-ku-lar) [intra, within; vasculum, a small vessel). Within the blood-vessel system. Intravenous (in-tra/-ve/-mus) [intra, within; vena, a vein]. Within, or into the veins. I. Infusion, or Injection, the introduction of a saline solution or other liquid into the veins. Intravertebral (in-tra/-ver’-te-bral) [intra, within; vertebra, a vertebra]. Same as Intraspinal. Intravesical (in-tra-vesſ-ić-al) [intra, within; vesica, bladder]. Occurring or situated within the bladder. Intrinsic (in-frin/-sik) [intrinsecus, on the inside]. I. inherent, inward. Peculiar to a part—e.g., certain muscles. 2. Relating to the body (or organism) inde- pendent of the environment—e.g., Toponymy. Introcession (in-tro-sesſ-shun) [introcedere, to go into]. A depression or sinking in, as of a surface. Introflexion (in-troyle&/-shun) [intro, within; ſlexio, a bending]. A bending in ; inward flexion. Introitus (in-tro/-it-us) [intro, within; ire, to go]. Any aperture or opening in the body. I. pelvis, the inlet of the pelvis. I. vaginae, the external aperture of the vagina. - - Intromission (in-tro-mish/-um) [intro, within; mittere, to send]. The introduction of one body within the walls of another, as of the penis into the vagina. Introrse (in-trors') [intro, within ; versus, p. p. of ver- tere, to turn]. In biology, applied to stamens that turn toward the axis of the flower. Introspection (in-tro-spek/-shun) [intro, within; spicere, to look]. The act of looking inward, I., Morbid, the morbid habit of self-examination; insane, or quasi-insane, dwelling upon one’s own thoughts, feelings, impulses, fears, or conduct. Introsusception (in-tro-sus-sep/-shun) [intro, within; suscipere, to receive]. The slipping or telescoping of one part of the intestine upon another part; intussus- ception. Introvenium (in-tro-ve/-me-um) [intro, within ; vena, vein]. In biology, a condition of leaves in which the veins are infossous, or sunk and embedded in the parenchyma. Introversion (in-tro-ver/-shun) [intro, within ; vertere, to turn]. A turning within, as, introversion of the uterus. I. of the Iris, a bending backward of the iris in such a way that it lies upon the ciliary body. Introvert (in-tro-vert') [intro, within; vertere, to turn]. In biology, turned in. Intruse (in-trils’) [intrusus, p.p. of intrudere, to thrust inj. In biology, projecting inward. Intubation (in-tu-ba/-shun) ſin, in ; tubus, a pipel. The passage of a tube into or past the larynx, to allow the entrance of air into the lungs in croup, diphtheria, etc., or to dilate a stricture, etc. Intumescence (in-fu-mes/-ens) [intumescentia; intu- mescere, to swell]. A swelling, of any character whatever. Also, an increase of the volume of any organ or part of the body. Intumescentia (in-tu-mes-en’-she-ah) [L.]. A swell- ing. I. gangliformis, the reddish gangliform swelling of the seventh nerve in the aqueductus Fallopii in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Intussusception (in-tus-sus-ep/-shun) [intus, within; suscipiere, to receive]. Invagination or involution of one part of the intestine within another part. It is of frequent occurrence in the young. It is caused by undue peristalsis. The site of the intussusception varies; thus, it may be—I. ZZeo-cecal, the ileum with the ileo-cecal valve descending into the cecum and colon; this is the most common variety; 2. Colic, the invagination being limited to the large intestine; 3. Ileal, when the ileum alone is involved; 4. Ileo- INULA colic, when the ileum prolapses through the lips of the ileo-cecal valve. Inula (in/-u-la/) [L.]. Elecampane. The root of Z. Jelenium. It contains a crystalline substance, helenin, CeBigC), the dose of which is gr. # – #, and from 20 to 40 per cent. of a starch, known as inulin. It is a gentle stimulant, and is employed in bronchitis and to hasten the appearance of the skin-symptoms in exanthematous fevers. Dose gr. xx - 3.j of the root, or 3.j—ij of a decoction, 3 ss to the Oj. The genus Inula contains various coarse composite-flowered herbs of the old world, several of which have properties similar to those of the official species. Inulin (in/-at-lin) [inula, elecampane], C6H10O3. I. A vegetable principle found in the roots of dahlia, in chicory, and other plants. It is a white powder, with which iodin gives a yellow color, and is soluble in hot water. See Carbohydrates, Table of 2. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of ſnula /elenium ; an aromatic stimulant, tonic, and expector- ant. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. - Inulol (in/-u-/o/). See Aſantol. Inunction (in-unk/-shun) [inunctio; inunguere, to anoint]. The act of rubbing an oily or fatty substance into the skin. Also, the substance used for anoint- ment. I. Treatment, a form of treatment of syphilis. It consists in rubbing into the skin metallic mercury or some mercurial preparation, mixed or suspended in a fatty vehicle. It is active, sure, and rapid, but dirty and unpleasant. It is best used in the form of the blue ointment of a strength of fifty per cent. The application should be made upon different portions of the body in successive treatments. Inustion (in-us/-chun) [inustio, a burning inj. A burning in ; deep or thorough cauterization. Invagination (in-vaj-in-a/-shun)[invaginatio; invagin- are, to ensheathe]. The sheathing or telescoping of a part or organ by a canal-like structure, as the intes- tine. An operation for obliterating a hernial canal by the inflammation resulting from pushing the skin inward and suturing the parts together. Invalid (in/-va/-īd) [invalidus ; in, not; valere, to be well]. One who is not well, especially one who is chronically ill or whose convalescence is slow. Invaliding (in/-val-id-ing)[in, not; valere, to be well]. The placing of a soldier or officer on the list of in- valids, and thus excusing him from active duty. Invalidism (in/-val-id-izm) [in, not; valere, to be well]. Chronic ill-health; the state or condition of being an invalid. Invenose (in-ze/-nós) [in, not; zema, a vein]. In biology, destitute of veins. Invasion (in-va/-zhun) [invasio; in, upon; vadere, to go]. The beginning or attack of a disease. Also, the manner in which the disease begins its attack. I.- disease, one due to the presence in the body of some animal parasite, as the tapeworm or the protozoan of malaria. Invermination (in-ver-min-a/-shun) [in, in ; vermis, worm]. A condition of having intestinal worms; ill- health due to parasitic worms; helminthiasis. Inverse Temperature. A complete reversal of the usual course of the temperature, so that the morning temperature exhibits the maximum, and the evening temperature the minimum. It is not infrequently seen in acute tuberculous affections, and rarely in typhoid fever. Inversio palpebrarum (in-ver/-she-o pa/-pe-bra/-rum). Synonym of Æntropion. Inversion (in-ver/-shun) [inversio; in, not; vertere, to turn]. A turning or placing in a position the opposite of the normal position. In chemistry, a decomposi- tion of certain sugars and other carbohydrates, induced 623 INVOLUTION by the action of a ferment or dilute acid, by which the elements of water are added to a carbohydrate, each molecule of which breaks up into two molecules of a different carbohydrate. I. of Bladder, a condition in which the bladder is in part or completely pushed into the dilated urethra. It occurs in females only. I. of Eyelashes. See Entropion. I. of Uterus, a condition in which the uterus is partially or completely turned inside out. Invert (in-vert/) [in, in ; vertere, to turn]. To turn in an opposite direction. I.-sugar, an amorphous saccharine substance, the chief constituent of honey, and produced by the action of ferments or dilute acids on cane-sugar. It is regarded as a mixture of equal parts of dextrose and levulose. A solution of cane- sugar turns the polarized ray of light to the right, while invert-sugar turns it to the left. From this in- version of the action on polarized light the process is called inversion, and the product invert-sugar. Invertase (in-ver/-täs). Same as Invertin, g. v. Invertebrata (in-ver-te-bra/-tah) [in, not; vertebra, backbone]. Animals that have no spinal column. Invertin (in-ver/-fin) [in, not; vertere, to turn]. A ferment found in the intestinal juice, and produced by several species of yeast-plant; it converts cane- Sugar in solution into invert-sugar. See Ferments. Investing (in-ves/-ting)[investire, to invest]. Ensheath- ing, surrounding. In dentistry, embedding a denture in what is known as investing-material, for the pur- pose of soldering the linings or backings of the teeth to the plate. Inveterate (in-vet/-er-áſ) [inveteratus; vetus, old]. Long established, and obstinately resisting treatment, as an inveterate skin-disease. Invirility (in-vir-i/-it-e) [in, not; virilis, of a man]. Lack of manly qualities, especially lack of virile power; male impotency. Inviscation (in zºs-AEa’-shun) ſin, in ; zìscum, bird- lime]. The mixing of food with the saliva during mastication. Invital (in-vi'-tal) [in, not; zita, life]. non-living or dead matter. In vitro (in viº/-ro) [L.]. In the glass; applied to phenomena that are observed in experiments carried out in the laboratory with microörganisms, digestive ferments, and other agents, but that may not neces- sarily occur within the living body. Involucel (in-vo/-u-sel) [dim. of involucrum, involu- cre]. In biology, a secondary involucre. Involucre (in/-vo-lu-ker)[involvere,to rollup, to wrapup]. In biology, the bracts at the base of a flower-cluster. Involucrum (in-vo-'u'-Arum) [inzo/vere, to enwrap : pl., Involucra]. The covering of a part. The sheath of bone enveloping a sequestrum in dry necrosis. Involuntary (in-vol/-un-ta-re) [involuntarius : in, not; volo, velle, to will]. Performed independently of the will ; not by an act of the will. A term applied to certain motions and functions of the various organs of the body that are not controlled by, or are not depend- ent on, the will. I. Contraction, muscular contrac- tions not resulting from an act of the will. I. Muscles, those that are not governed by the will. Involute (in/-vo-lit) [involvere, to roll up, to wrap up]. In biology, rolled up, as the edges of certain leaves in the bud. Involution (in-vo-lu'-shum) [involutio; involvere, to roll upon). The retrogressive change to their normal con- dition that certain organs undergo after fulfilling their functional purposes. I. of the Uterus, the return of the uterus, which after gestation weighs about two pounds, to its normal weight and condition. I.- forms, a term applied to microörganisms that deviate In biology, INWARD from a type, or undergo degenerative changes, prob- ably as a result of nutritive variation. They are free in filaments, flat layers, or cube-like packets. Inward (in/-ward) [ME., inward, inward]. Toward the center. I. Convulsions. Synonym of Zaryngismus stridulus. Iodal (?'-o-da!) [ióðng, like a violet], C.Is HO. A com- pound formed on the type of chloral, but containing iodin instead of chlorin. It is reported to resemble chloral in its sedative qualities, but is seldom used as a remedy. Unof. Iodantipyrin (i-o-dan-tip-i/-rin). See Iodopyrin. Iodate (i'-o-dāt) [ióðng, like a violet]. Any salt of iodic acid. Iodated (7-0-da-fed) [ióóng, like a violet]. Charged with iodin. Iodatum (i-o-da/-tum) [ióðmg, like a violet]. Charged with iodin. Amylum iodatum, iodized starch. Iodia (?-o’-de-a/.) [ióðmg, like a violet]. A proprietary remedy said to contain stillingia, menispermum, etc., with five grains of potassium iodid and two grains of iron phosphate in each fluidram. Dose as an alterative, 3 j-ij. Iodic Acid (i-od/-ić). See Acid. Iodid (i’-o-did) [60mg, like a violet]. of iodin with a metal or other substance. Iodidum (i-o-di/-dum) [ióðng, like a violet: gen. Jodidi). An iodid. Iodin, or Iodum (i/-o-din, or i-o'-dum) [ióóng, like a violet]. I = I26.53; quantivalence I ; specific gravity 4.948 at 17°C. (62.6°F.) A non-metallic element with metallic luster, volatilizing at a low temperature, and giving off a crimson-purple vapor. It occurs in cod- liver oil, in most marine plants, and in shell-fish. It is soluble in alcohol, in solution of potassium iodid, and in solution of sodium chlorid. In its elementary state it is an irritant to the skin, and is much used as a tincture to produce counter-irritation. See Elements, Table of Potassium iodid, the principal form for internal use, is an alterative, ranking as a specific in tertiary syphilis, and with mercury, available in all forms of that disease. It is also an excellent remedy in hepatic cirrhosis and chronic bronchitis. Combined with ammonium it is valuable in catarrhal affections. Acidi hydriodici, Syr., contains one per cent. of the absolute acid. Dose 3.j—iv. Ammonii iodidum. See Ammonium. Iodized Phenol, unof., a mixture of iodin and car- bolic acid, usually I to 4. For local use. I., Lini- ment (B. P.), one part of iodin in nine. I., Liquor (B. P.), one of iodin in 20. Iodi, Liq., Comp., Lu- gol’s solution—iodin 5, potassium iodid Io, water 85 parts. Dose muj-x, diluted. I., Tinct., 8 per cent. in alcohol. Dose muj-v. For local use. I., Trichlorid, unof., recommended by Langenbach as an antiseptic in surgery. I., Ung., iodin 4, potassium iodid I, water 2, benzoated lard 93 parts. I., Vapor (B. P.), for inhalation, 3.j of iodin to 3.j of water. Amylum iodatum, iodized Starch, iodin 5, starch 95 parts, dis- tilled water Ioo parts, triturated and dried. Dose 3.j- 3.j. Potassii iodidum, K.I. Dose gr. v–3.j. Potass. iodid., Ung., contains potasS. iodid. I2, Sod. hypo- sulph. I, boiling water 6, benzoated lard 81 parts. Sodii iodidum, NaI, deliquescent. Dose gr. v-3 iſ. I.-green. See Aigments, Conspec/us of I.-scarlet. See Pigments, Conspectus of I.-violet. See Pig- /tents, Conspectus of Iodism (f/-o-digm) [ióðmg, like a violet]. A condition arising from the prolonged use of iodin or iodin- compounds, marked by redness of the conjunctiva and of the mucous membrane of the respiratory passages, furry throat, and lacrymation, with symptoms resem- bling those of acute coryza. A compound 624 IONTHUS Iodized (i/-o-dizd) [60mg, like a violet]. with iodin, as cotton, glycerin, etc. Iodoform (i-o'-do-form) [ióönc, like a violet; forma, form]. Tri-iodo-methane, CHIs. Iodid of Formyl. A compound containing about 91 per cent. of iodin. It is an antiseptic and feeble anesthetic, and is highly useful for local application to wounds, abrasions, and indolent sores. Internally it is a tonic. It seems to exert a special influence upon tuberculous processes. Its odor may be disguised by means of thymol or oil of rose. Dose, internally, gr. j-v. I., Suppos. (B.P.), each containing gr. iij of iodoform. I., Unguent., for fetid sores. Iodoformism (?-o'-do-form-izm) [60mg, like a violet; forma, form]. Poisoning with iodoform. Iodoformize (i-o'-do form-iz) [ióómº, like a violet; forma, form]. To impregnate with iodoform. Iodol (i’-o-dol) [ióóng, like a violet], C.I, NH. An iodo-carbamid existing in the form of an amorphous brown powder, soluble in ether and oil. It is more ac- tively antiseptic than iodoform and is free from odor. Locally it is an anesthetic, and favors granulation. It is of reputed service as an application to syphilitic Sores, etc. Dose gr. ss—v. Unof. Iodo-naphthol-beta (i-o-do-naſ/-thol-ba/-tah) [ióóng, like a violet; vápóa, naphtha ; Beta, the second Greek letter]. The diiodid of naphthol-beta, sug. gested as a substitute for iodoform as an antiseptic dressing. Unof. Iodophenin (i-o-doºſe/-min) [ióómº, like a violet; phenyl]. A compound allied to phenacetin. It is an efficient bactericide, but is objectionable because of its strong evolution of iodin, of which it contains about 50 per cent. It is a crystalline powder, of an iodin-odor and a burning taste, and colors the skin yellow. It melts at 266° F (130° C.) Unof. Iodophthisis (i-o-doff’-this-is) [Þóómg, like a violet; p6íoug, a wasting]. The emaciation, or local or general wasting that may result from free use of iodin as a remedy. Iodopyrin (i-o-do-pi/-rin) [ióómº, like a violet; tip, fire]. Iodantipyrin. A chemic compound of iodin and antipyrin, with the composition, Cin Hu IN,C). It is an antipyretic in doses of from one to five grains. Unof. Iodo-quinin Sulphate. Same as Herapathite. Iodosis (i-o-do’-sis). Same as Jodism. Iodotannin (i-o-do-tan/-in) ſióóng, like a violet; M.E., tannen, to tan]. An aqueous mixture of iodin and tannin. Iodotherapy (i-o-do-ther'-ap-e) [ióóng, like a violet; 6epaireia, therapy]. The treatment or cure of disease by the use of iodin or its compounds. Iodum (i-o'-dum). See Zodin. Iodure (iſ-o-dār) [Fr.]. An iodid. Ioduret (i-od/-u-ret) [ióönc, like a violet]. An iodid. Ion (7-on) [ióv, ióv, going]. An element set free by electrolysis, and classified as an anion or Æation, ac- cording as it is set free at the positive or negative pole. I., Migration of, the transference of an ion from one pole to another. Ionidium (i-o-mid/-e-um) [iov, a violet]. A genus of violaceous herbs and shrubs. I. ipecacuanha, produces what is called white ipecac, this and several other species are emetic and cathartic. See also Cuichunchzell. None is officinal ; but the roots of several species are said to be mixed with commercial ipecac. Ionthus (i-on/-thus) [iovflog, acne]. That form of acne that often accompanies the first appearance of the beard. A general name for acne and the diseases that resemble it. Impregnated IOPTEROUS Mopterous (i-op/-ter-us)[lov, a violet; Trepév, a feather]. In biology, having violet-colored wings. Iotacism (?-o'-tas-izm) [loraclopég, iotacism]. I. In- ability to pronounce distinctly the proper sound of the letter i. 2. Substitution of the long e sound for the e sounds of other vowels. Ioterium (i-o-te/-re-um) [ióc, poison; tepéew, to pierce : fl., Zoteria]. In biology, a poison-gland. Ipecac %.” See ſpecacuanha. I., American. See Gillenia. I., White. See Ionidium. Ipecacuan (p-e-ka/-u-an). See Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha (iſ-e-kak-u-an/-ah) [Braz., ipecaaguen]. Ipecac. The root of Cephaëlis ipecacuanha, found in Brazil. It contains an alkaloid, emetime, Coohao NOs, and is an emetic, expectorant, and cholagogue; in very small doses, gr. 36, it is a mild tonic. It is used mainly as a safe and prompt emetic, in membranous croup, and in the summer diarrhea of children. Dose as an expectorant gr. ss—ij; as an emetic gr. xv-xxx. I., Acetum. (B. P.) Dose m v-xl. I., Ext., Fld. Dose muj-v, I., Syr., 5 per cent, strength. Dose 3.j-3ss. I., Vin., 7 per cent. in strength. Dose muj-3j. I., Trochisci, contain each 34 gr. of the drug. I. et mor- phinae, Trochisci, contain each, morphin sulph. gr.1%, ipecac gr.1%, with flavoring-oil and sugar. I. et opii, Pulvis (Pulv. ipec. comp., B. P.) Dover's pow- der, contains ipecac and opium each IO, sugar of milk 8o parts. Dose gr. ij-xv. I. cum scilla, Pil. (B. P.) Dose gr. v-x. I. et opii, Tinct., deodor- ized tinct. of opium IOO, evaporated to 85, flá. ext. ipecac Io, alcohol q. S. ad IOO. Dose muv-xxx. Emetin. Dose as an expectorant gr. 139-3 ; as an emetic Vá–%. Ipomoea %. -ah) (ºp, worm ; 6plotoc, like]. A genus of convolvulaceous plants ; bindweeds. I. batatas. is the sweet potato. I. purga. See Jalap. I. pandurata, of the U. S., resembles jalap in its action. The seeds of I. coerulia are recommended as a useful intestinal stimulant. I. turpethum affords tur- peth-root, q.v. Many other species are medicinal. Unof. Iralgia (i-ra/-je-ah). See Iridalgia. Irascibility (i-ras-ib-il/-it-e) [irasci, to be angry]. The quality of being choleric, irritable, or of hasty temper. It is a frequent symptom in some varieties of insanity and in neurasthenia, and in some cases it amounts to a species of insanity. Iridaemia (ir-id-e'-me-ah). See Iridemia. Iridal (i’-rid-al) [iptſ, iris]. Relating to the iris. Iridalgia (?-rid-a//-je-ah) [iptſ, iris; &Wyog, pain]. Pain referable to the iris. Iridauxesis (ir-id-awks-e'-sis) [iptſ, iris; atºmouc, in- crease]. Auxesis or tumefaction of the iris. Iridavulsion (ir-id-av-ul/-shun) [ipug, iris; avellere, to tear away]. Surgical avulsion of the iris. Iridectome (ir-id-eč/-täm) [iptſ, iris; Šktouff, a cutting out]. A cutting instrument used in iridectomy. Iridectomy (ir-id-ek/-to-me) [iptſ, iris; Šktoph, ex- cision]. The cutting out of a part of the iris. I., Antiphlogistic, one performed in inflammatory pro- cesses for therapeutic purposes. In Optic I, the piece of iris excised is over a portion of the lens or beneath a portion of cornea clearer than that exposed in the natural pupil, as a result of which additional vision is gained. See Pupil, Artificial. I, Preliminary, is performed in advance of the extraction of cataract, instead of at the same time. Iridectropium (ir-id-ek-fro/-pe-um) [lptc, iris; Śktpôttov, eversion]. Eversion of a part of the iris. Iridemia (ir-id-e'-me-ah) [lpuſ, iris; alua, blood]. Hemorrhage from the iris. Iridencleisis, or Iridenkleisis (ir-id-en-Ali’-sis) [lptc, iris; #ykāeiv, to lock inj, See Iridodesis, 625 IRIDORRHEXIS Iridentropium (ir-id-en-tro/-pe-um) [iptſ, iris; 8vrporá, a turning inj. Inversion of a part of the iris. Irideremia (ir-id-er-e'-me-ah) [ipug, iris; £pmata, lack]. Absence of one or both irides. Iridescence (ir-id-es/-ens) [iridescere, to shine with rainbow-colors]. The property of breaking up light into the spectral colors. Iridesis (ir-id-e/-sis). See Iridodesis. Iridian (i-rid/-e-an) [iptg, iris]. Relating to the iris; iridal. Iridicolor (ir-ia'-ic-ul-or) [iris, a rainbow; color, color]. In biology, iridescent; exhibiting prismatic colors. Iridin (i/-rid-in) [ipug, iris]. Irisin; a precipitated ex- tract of Blue Flag. See /ris. Iriditis (ir-id-i/-tis). Same as Iritis. Iridization (ir-id-iz-a/-shun) [ipic, iris]. The subjec- tive appearance, as of an iridescent halo seen by per- sons affected with glaucoma. Iridocele (i-rid/-o-sel) [pag, iris; káàm, hernia]. Pro- trusion of a part of the iris through a wound or ulcer. Iridochoroiditis (ir-id-o-Éo-roid-i/-tis) [ipug, iris; 26- ptov, chorion; etóog, likeness; itag, inflammation]. Inflammation of both the iris and the choroid of the eye, the form usually assumed in sympathetic oph- thalmia. Iridocinesis (ir-id-o-sin-e'-sis). See Iridokinesis. Iridocyclitis (ir-id-o-sik-li’-tis) [pic, iris; kūkāog, a circle; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body. See Cyclitis. Iridocyclochoroiditis (ir-id-o-sik-lo-Ao-roid-i/-tis) [ipac, iris; IcíkAog, circle; xóptov, chorion ; eiðog, likeness; tric, inflammation]. Combined inflammation of the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. Iridocyte (ir/-id-o-sit) [iptſ, rainbow; küTog, cell]. Any cell that produces color, either by means of its structure or its contents. Iridodesis (ir-id-od’-es-is) [iptſ, iris; 6&otſ, a binding together]. An obsolete method of displacing the nor- mal pupil by ligature, instead of iridectomy. Iridodialysis (ir-id-o-di-a/-is-is). See Coredialysis. Iridodonesis (ir-id-o-do-me/-sis) [ipic, iris; 66vmouc, a trembling]. Tremulousness of the iris; hippus. Iridokinesis (ir-id-o-Ain-e'-sus) [ipic, iris; kivmouc, movement]. Any movement of the iris, normal or otherwise. Iridomalacia (ir-id-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [iptſ, iris; uažakia, softness]. Morbid softening of the iris. Iridomotor (ir-id-o-mo'-tor) [pic, iris; movere, to move]. Promoting the motion of the iris. Iridoncosis (ir-id-on-Åo'-sis) [iptſ, iris; 6ykøgg, a puffing out]. Thickening of the iris. Iridoncus (ir-id.org/-A’zes) [iplc, iris; bykoç, mass]. A tumor or swelling of the iris. Iridoparalysis (ir-id-o-far-a/-is-is) [ipic, iris; Tapá- Żvotç, paralysis]. Paralysis of the iris. Iridoparesis (ir-id-o-par’-es-is) [iptſ, iris; Tápéoic, a letting go]. A slight or partial paralysis of the iris. Iridoplania (ir-id-o-p/a/-ne-ah) [iptſ, iris; Tāāvm, a wandering]. Same as A/i/%us. Iridoplasma (ir-id-o-plag’-mah) [ipug, iris; anything formed]. III.S. Iridoplegia (ir-id-o-ple/je-ah) [iptſ, iris; TAmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris. Iridoptosis (ir-id-of-to/-sis) [iptſ, iris; TTägtg, a fall- ing]. Prolapse of the iris. Irido-pupillary (ir-id-o-pu’-pil-a-re) [iptſ, iris; pupil/a, the pupil of the eyel. Pertaining to the iris and the TAdopla, A form of degeneration of the pupil. Iridorrhexis (ir-id-or-reks/-is) [ipig, iris; biºg, a breaking]. Iridectomy with iridavulsion. Rupture of the iris. 4O IRIDOSCHISIS 626 Iridoschisis, or Iridoschisma (ir-id-os/-kis-is or ir-id. os-Aiz'-mah) [iptſ, iris; oxioug, oxioua, cleft]. Coloboma of the iris. Iridotome (ir’-id-o-tom) [lpic, iris; touff, a cutting]. A cutting-instrument employed in iridotomy. Iridotomy (ir-id-off’-o-me) [iptſ, iris; Touff, section]. An incision of any kind into the iris. Iridotromos (ir-id-of/-ro-mos) [lpig, iris; Tpóuoc, tremor]. Hippus; tremor of the iris. Iris (i’-ris) [ipug, a colored halo or circle]. I. The anterior portion of the vascular tunic of the eye, attached to the pectinate ligament and ciliary body; 2. Blue-flag. a resinous its central aperture forms the pupil. The roots of Z. versicolor. It contains IRIS AND CHOROID. I. Optic nerve. 2, 2, 2, 2. Sclerotic, divided in four e and turned back. 3, 3. Pigmentary granulation o layer, 4. Section of lamina fusca. in four equal parts. 6, 6. Canal of Schlemm, 7. Outer sur- face of choroid; 8. Superior and internal trunk of vasa vor- ual parts ItS 11111Gr 5, 5, 5, 5. Cornea, divided ? ticosa. 9, 9. Irregular border limiting the choroid zone posteriorly. 19, Io, Anterior half of this zone; ciliary mus- cle. II, II. Ciliary nerves. , 12. Long ciliary artery. 13, 13, 13, 13. Anterior ciliary, arteries. circle of iris. º I4. Iris. I6. Pupillary orifice. I5. Small arterial SECTION OF CILIARY BODY AND IRIs. I, I. Ciliary processes. 2, 2 Their bases or rounded extremities. 3, 3. Their apices. 4. A process with bi- furcated extremity. 5, 5. Reticulated folds, or ciliary pro- cesses of the second order. 6, 6. Venules that emanate from these. , 7, 7. Ora ser- rata of choroid , 8, 8. Veins of choroid. 9. Section of iris. Io, Io. Circumfer- ence of iris. I I, II. Small ring of iris. I2, 12. Large ring of iris IRREGULARITY principle, iridin. The fresh rhizome is purgative, emetic, and diuretic, and is serviceable in catarrh of the duodenum, and in malarial ailments. I., Ext. Dose gr. j—v, I., Ext. Fld. Dose my—3.j. Iridin, the oleoresin, is a cholagogue. Unof. Dose gr. j-v. The genus Iris embraces many other species, some of them purgative, and some reputed to be poisonous. See Orris-root. I., Absence of. See /rideremia. I., Angle of, that formed by the junction of the cornea and the iris. I.-contraction. See Reflexes, Table of I.-green. Same as Bladder-green. I., Prolapse of (or Hernia of), protrusion of a por- tion of the iris through an opening in the cornea or sclera ; when the iris is adherent the condition is called an/erior synechia, when the iris is adherent to the lens behind, the condition is called posterior synechia. I., Tremulous, arises from non-support of the iris in aphakia or dislocation of the crystalline lens. Irish (/-rish) [ME., Irish, Irish]. Pertaining to Ireland. I. Ague. Synonym of Z}//ius Fever, 7. v. I. Moss. See Chondrus. Irisin (i'-ris-in) [iptſ, iris]. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Blue-flag, Iris versicolor; it is cholagogue, Sialagogue, and diuretic. Dose 2 to 4 grains. Unof. Iritic (i-riº/-ić) [pic, iris; trug, inflammation]. Of the nature of, pertaining to, or affected with, iritis. Iritis (i-ri/-täs) [ipug, iris; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the iris, called after its origin, or character, blennorrhagic, rheumatic, diabetic, syphilitic, plastic, Serous, primary, Secondary. I., Condylomatous, A. Aapulosa, that accompanied by the formation of papules or condylomata in the iris. I. gummosa, that in which gummata are formed in the iris. I. papulosa. See Z., Condylomatous. Iritomy (i-rit/-o-me). See Iridotomy. Iron (??-erm) [ME., iron, iron]. See Ferrum. I. Bath. See Aath. I. Minium. Same as Colcothar. I. Wood, the heart-wood of Ostrya virginica, a tonic, antiperiodic, and alterative. It has been successfully used in malarial diseases, neuralgia, and strumous affections. Dose of the fid. ext., 3 ss—j. Unof. Irradiating (ir-ra/-de-a-ting) [irradiare, to emit rays in every direction]. Radiating from a center, as a pain arising from a definite focus of irritation. Irradiation (ir-ra-de-a/-shun) [irradiatio, irradiare, to emit rays in every direction]. A phenomenon in which, owing to the difference in the illumination of the field of vision, or its background, objects appear much larger than they really are. Irreducible (ir-re-dûs/-iö.1) [in, not; reducere, to lead back]. That which cannot be reduced or restored to its normal condition. In chemistry, applied to a compound that cannot be separated. In surgery, applied to a fracture or dislocation that cannot be replaced. I. Hernia. See Aſermia. Irregular (ºr-reg/-at-lar) [in, not; regula, rule]. Not regular; not normal or according to rule; not rhythmic; not recurring at proper intervals. Irregularity (ir-reg-u-lar/-it-e) [in, not; regula, a rule]. Lack of regularity; unevenness. I. of the Teeth, deviation of the teeth from their natural arrangement is of frequent occurrence, and is dependent upon a variety of causes. The following are among the most frequent: I. Want of synchronism between the destruction of the roots of the temporary teeth and the growth of the permanent teeth. 2. The premature removal of one or more of the temporary teeth. 3. Disproportion between the size of the alveolar arch and the teeth. 4. Supernumerary teeth, 5. Mal. formation of the jaws. IRRESPIRABLE Irrespirable (ir-res-pi/-rab-I) [in, not; respirare, to breathe]. Not capable of being breathed. Irrigant (ir/-ig-ant) [irrigare, to lead water to]. A substance or wash used in or by irrigation. Irrigation (ir-ig-a/-shun) [irrigare, to lead water to]. The application of water, especially a stream, to an inflamed or abnormal tissue for purposes of moistening, antisepsis, cooling, or flushing the part. Irrigator (ir/-īg-a-tor) [irrigare, to lead water to]. An apparatus, or device, for accomplishing the irrigation of a part, surface, or cavity. Irritability (ir-it-ab-i/-it-e) [irritabilitas, irritability]. The quality of being susceptible to excitement or irritation. I., Faradic, the muscular contraction caused by a secondary or induced current. I., Gal- vanic, the muscular contraction caused by the direct current. I., Muscular, the inherent contractile quality of a muscle. I., Nervous, the property of a nerve to transmit impulses upon stimulation. See, also, Irascibility. Irritable * -it-ab-1) [irritabilis, easily excited]. Easily inflamed. Susceptible to irritation. I. Blad- der, a condition of the bladder marked by constant desire to void urine. I. Breast, a neuralgic condi- tion of the mammary gland, usually associated with uterine affections, or with intercostal neuralgia. I. Heart, Da Costa's term for a peculiar condition of the heart characterized by precordial pain, dyspnea on exer- tion, palpitation, and irregularity of the heart’s action. It is induced by over-exertion, masturbation, and neu- rotic tendencies. Hypertrophy may occasionally develop. I. Spine, a condition of spinal anemia frequently occurring in young hysteric females. There is pain along the spine, with tenderness on pressure, and vertigo, nausea, palpitation, and neuralgias. I. Testicle. See Testicle. I. Tongue, the clean, very red tongue, with enlarged red papillae about its tip, seen in the dyspepsia of drunkards. Irritant (ir/-it-ant) [irritare, to excite]. I. Causing, or giving rise to, irritation. 2. An agent or remedy that induces irritation or inflammation. I., Chemic, one acting by virtue of its affinity for the elements or compounds of organic tissue, as nitric acid, or potassic hydrate. I., Mechanical, one causing lesions or inflammations by mechanical operation, as cuts, con- tusions, pressure, or distention. I., Nervous, one acting through the medium of the nerves. Irritation (ir-it-a/-shun) [irritatio, excitement]. A con- dition of undue excitement. Also, an inflamed State. Also, the stimulus necessary to the performance of the functions of an organ. Irritative (ir/-it-a-tiv) [irritare, to excite]. Exciting or irritating. I. Fever, a febrile condition dependent upon the presence in the body of irritating substances. Also a synonym of Simple Continued Fever. Irrorate (ir/-or-āt) [in, upon; rorare, to distil dewl. In biology, minutely dotted, as if with small dew- drops. Irrumation (ir-u-ma/-shun) [irrumare, to give suck]. Same as Buccal Coitus, Q. v. See Aſameless Crime. Isabel, Isabelle (ig/-a-bel) [Isabelle, a woman's name]. Drab, or yellowish gray. Isadelphous (i-sad-el/-fus) . [igog, equal; āóežſpóg, brother]. In biology, having an equal number of stamens in each bundle or brotherhood. Isambert’s Disease. Acute miliary tuberculosis of the larynx and pharynx. Isandrous (i-san/-drus) [iaoc, equal; āvāp, a male]. In biology, having stamens alike and corresponding in number to the petals. Isanthous (i-san'-thus) [idog, equal; āv6og, a flower]. In biology, having regular flowers. 627 ISCHIOCERITE Isatin (i./-sat-in) [a.ætig, wood], CsPIs NO. A substance obtained by the oxidation of indigo with HNO3. It crystallizes in yellowish-red monoclinic prisms, melting at 201° C. It dissolves in water and in alcohol with a reddish-brown color; it has a disagreeable odor. I.- yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Isatoxim (?-sat-oks/-īm) [a.ættſ, wood; Tošticóv, poison], Cs HaM,O,. A substance prepared from isatin and hydroxylamin. It crystallizes from alcohol in yellow needles, and melts at 202°C. Isatropylcocain (i-sat-ro/-pi/-ko-ka/-īn), C19H22NO,. An amorphous alkaloid from coca leaves. It has no anesthetic properties, but is said to be an active cardiac poison. Unof. See Cocamin. Ischemia (is-Åe/-me-a/.) [ioxetv, to check; alua, blood]. Bloodlessness. Deficiency of the supply of blood to a part. Local anemia. - Ischemic (is-Åem/-i}). [ioxetv, to check; alpa, blood]. Affected with or relating to ischemia. Ischesis (is/-kes-is) [ioxetv, to check]. suppression of a discharge or secretion. Ischiadic (is-Åe-ad/-ić). Same as Ischiatic. Ischiagra (is-Åe-a/-grah) [toxiov, hip; tıypa, seizure]. Gout in the hip. Ischial (is/-ke-al) [taxtov, ischium]. belonging to the ischium. Ischialgia (is-Åe-a/-je-a/.) [toxiov, hip; Sciatica; neuralgia of the hip. Ischialgic (is-Ée-a/-již) [taxłov, hip ; Relating to or affected with ischialgia. Ischiatic (is-Ée-at'-i}) [toxiov, hip]. Pertaining to the ischium. I. Notches, the notches, greater and lesser, of the ischium. The former transmits the pyriformis muscle, gluteal vessels, and superior gluteal nerve, the latter the tendon of the obturator internus, its nerve, and the pudic vessels and nerve. These notches are called also sacro-sciatic notches. (See illustration on p. 228.) Ischiatitis (is-Åe-a/-ä’-ſis) [taxiov, hip ; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve. Ischiatocele (is-Åe-at/-o-se/). See Ischiocele. Ischidrosis (is-Åid-, o/-sis) [iaretv, to suppress; sweat]. Suppression of sweat. Ischidrotic (is-Åid-ro/-ić) [taxelv, to suppress; iópág, sweat]. Causing a retention or suppression of the SWeat. Ischien (is/-ke-en) [ioxiou, hip]. ischium in itself. Ischigalactic (is-Åe-ga/-a/-fié) [iarstv, to restrain ; yáža, milk]. I. Tending to check the flow of milk. 2. An antigalactic agent or medicine. Ischio- (is/-ke-o-) [laxtov, hip]. A prefix indicating relationship to the ischium. I.-anal, pertaining to the ischium and the anus. I.-bulbar, pertaining to the ischium and the bulb of the urethra. I.-capsular, pertaining to the ischium and the capsular ligament of the hip. I.-cavernosus, the muscle that compresses the veins of the crus penis and assists in the erection of the penis. The I.-clitorianus has a similar rela- tion to the clitoris. See Muscles, Table of I.-fibular, pertaining both to the ischium and the fibula. I.- neuralgia, sciatica. I.-perineal, belonging to or pertaining to both ischium and perineum ; pertaining to the space between the anus and the scrotum. I.- Retention or Pertaining or à?yog, pain]. à%)'og, pain]. iðpág, Belonging to the pubeotomy. See Farabazuſ’s Operation. I.-sacral, relating to the ischium and the sacrum. I.-tibial, relating both to the ischium and the tibia. I.-verte- bral, relating to the ischium and the vertebral column. Ischiocele (is/-ke-o-sel) [toxiov, hip; kážm, tumor]. Is- chiatic hernia. . Ischiocerite (is-Åe-os/-er-if ) [horiov, hip-joint; kápac, horn]. In biology, the third joint of the developed ISCHIODIDY MUS antenna of a crustacean. It is borne upon the basicerite and bears the merocerite. Ischiodidymus (is-ke-o-did/ -im-us) [oxſov, hip; 6ióv- plog, double]. A double monstrosity united at the hips. Ischiognathite (is-Ée-og/-nāth-ić) [toxiov, hips; yuáffog, jaw]. The third joint of any one of the mouth-parts of an arthropod. Ischiomyelitis (is-Åe-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [ioxiov, hip, loins; plve?6g, marrow; trug, inflammation]. Lumbar myeli- tis; osphyomyelitis. - Ischiopagus (is-Åe-op/-ag-us) [ioxiov, hip ; Tāyog, united]. A monomphalic monstrosity united by the coccyges and the sacra. Ischiophthisis (is-Åe-off’-this-is) [loxtov, hip; ºffiotç, a wasting]. Emaciation associated with or due to hip- joint disease. Ischiopodite (is-Åe-op/-o-dit) [toxiov, hip-joint; toig, foot]. In biology, the third joint of the inner (endo- podiſe) of the two main divisions of the typical limb of a crustacean. Ischiorectal (is-Åe-o-re/-tal) [toyſov, ischium; rectus, straight]. Pertaining to both ischium and rectum. I. Abscess or I. Cellulitis, an inflammation of the areolar tissue of the ischiorectal fossa involving the rectum and the thigh. Suppuration may occur at any point of the inflammation, but is ordinarily near the anus. I. Fascia. See Aſascia. I. Fossa, a deep fossa filled with fatty tissue situated on either side of and between the rectum and the ischium. Ischium (is/-Ae-um) [ioxiov, hip]. I. The inferior part of the os innominatum or hip-bone; the bone upon which the body rests in a sitting posture. It forms a part, also, of the acetabulum. (See illustration on p. 228.) 2. The third joint of any appendage of a crustacean, e.g., the ischiognathite and the ischiopodite. Ischnogyria (isé-no-fir’-e-ah) [taxvóg, feeble; yüpog, curve]. A condition attended with slight develop- ment of the cerebral convolutions. Ischnous (is/-nus) [ioxvóg, thin]. Emaciated. Ischo- (is/-ko-) [ioxetv, to suppress]. A prefix mean- ing suppressed, stopped, or checked. Ischoblennia (is-Åo-blen/-e-ah) [ioxetv, to suppress; 3%évvoſ, mucus]. The suppression of a mucous dis- charge. - Ischooenosis (is-Åo-sen-o’-sis) [ioxetv, to suppress; kévootç, discharge]. The suppression of any estab- lished or normal discharge. Ischoolholia (is-Åo-Ao’-le-ah) [ioxetv, to suppress; 20%, bile]. A suppression of the flow of bile. Ischogalactia (is-Åo-gal-ak’-te-ah) [ioxetv, to suppress; yáža, milk]. Suppression of the natural flow of milk. - Ischolochia (is-Åo-/o/-Ae-a/) [ioxetv, to suppress; Żóra, lochia]. Suppression of the lochial flow. Ischomenia (is-Åo-me/-ne ah) [ioxetv, to suppress; uſiv, month, menses]. Suppression of the menstrual flow. Ischophonia (is-Åo-fo/-ne-ah), [loxeiv, to suppress; povň, voice]. Aphonia. An impediment in speech. Ischopyosis (is-Åo-pî-o/-sis) [ioxetv, to suppress; triov, pus]. The checking of any discharge of pus. Ischospermia (is-ko-sper/-me-ah) [ioyeuv, to check; orépua, seed]. Suppression of semen. Ischuretic (is-Au-re/-ić) [iately, to suppress; oipov, urine]. I. Relating to or relieving ischuria. 2. A remedy or agent that relieves retention or suppression of urine. Ischuria (is-ku/-re-ah) [loxetv, to suppress; oipov, urine]. Retention or suppression of urine. I. para- doxa, the condition in which there is an excessive distention of the bladder, with constant dribbling of urine. Ischyomyelitis (is-ke-o-mi-el-i/-tis). See Ischiomyelitis. 628 ISODYNAMIC Isidium (i-sid’-e-um) [L. : pl., Isidia]. In biology, an excrescence frequently found upon lichens; it cor- responds to a soredium. Isinglass (:/-zing-glas). See Ichthyocolla and Glue. I., Vegetable. See Agar-agar. Island (i'-land) [ME., iland, island]. See Insula and Blood-island. I. of Reil, the central lobe of the hemisphere of the brain, situated at the base, on either side of the fissure of Sylvius. See Insula. Iso- ("-so-) [icog, equal]. A prefix signifying equality. Iso-amylamin (i-so-am-i/-am-in) [icog, equal; amylum, starch ; aminj. A ptomaîne obtained in the distilla- tion of horn with potassic hydrate; it also occurs in the putrefaction of yeast. It boils at 95°C., and is non-poisonous. See Pomaines, 7able of Iso-apiol (i-so-a/-pe-o/) [ioſog, equal ; apium, parsley; oleum, oil]. A substance obtained from apiol, exer- cising a powerful influence upon the vasomotor system. Isobar (iſ-so-bar) [icog, equal; 3ápog, weight]. In meteorology, a term denoting a line drawn through points having the same synchronous barometric pres- Sure. Isobrious (i-so'-bre-us) [icog, equal; 3piav, to be strong, to make strong]. In biology, applied to dicotyledonous embryos, the two lobes of which grow with equal vigor; isodynamous. Isocaprolactone (?-so-kaft-ro-lak/-tän) [iodg, equal; caper, a goat; lac, milk], C6H16O2. A compound produced by the distillation of terebic acid: It melts at about 7° C. ; boils at 206° C., or 207° C. ; at oºC. it is soluble in double its bulk of water. Isocercal (i-so-ser/-ka!) [loog, equal; képkoç, tail]. In biology, having the tail symmetrically divided by the straight back-bone. Isocholesterin (i-so-ko-les/-ter-in) [idog, equal ; 20%, bile ; otéap, fat], Cºsłł (10. A substance isomeric with cholesterin, and found in distilled sheeps' fat; it melts at 138° C. Isocholin (i-so-ko'-lin) [icog, equal; 20%, bile], C. His- NO,. A body isomeric with cholin; it is found in fly- agaric, and may be formed by oxidizing cholin. Isochromatic (i-so-Aro-mat/-ä) [icog, equal ; Apôpia, color]. Having the same color. Isochronism (i-sok'-ro-mizm) [ioſog, equal ; Apóvoç, time]. The quality of occurring at equal intervals of time, or lasting for equal periods of time. Isochronous (i-sok'-ro-mus) [icog, equal; Apóvoc, time]. Having, occurring at, or occupying equal in- tervals of time. Isocoria (?-so-ko’-re-ah) [icog, equal ; kópm, pupil]. Equality in diameter of the two pupils. - Isocyclus (i-so-si'-klus) [iaoç, equal; kūkāog, circle]. In biology, an organism consisting of a series of similar rings. - Isodactylous (i-so-da/º/-fi/-us) [icog, equal ; dākrv%0ç, digit]. In biology, having the toes and digits alike. Isodiametric (i-so-di-am-et/-riž) [loog, equal ; 6tá, through ; uéTpov, measure]. Having equal diameters, Isodimorphism (i-so-di-morf/-ism) [iaog, equal ; Öiuoppog, two-formed]. A form of dimorphism, characterized by the appearance of a substance in two similar but incompatible forms. Isodont (?'-so-dûnt) [loog, equal; 6000c, tooth]. Hav- ing teeth of the same size and shape. Isodulcite (i-so-du/-sit). See Rhamnose. Isodynamia (?-so-di-nam/-e-ah) [loog, equal; 6üvapug, force]. The property of being isodynamic. Isodynamic (?-so-di-nam/-ić) [icog, equal; 60 vapuc, force]. Having equal force. I. Foods, those that produce an equal amount of heat in undergoing; the chemic changes of digestion. ISODYNAMOUS Isodynamous (i-so-di/-nam-us) [icog, equal; 6övapug, power, force]. Same as Isobrious. Iso-electric (i-so-e-lek/-tric) [iaog, equal; %ekrpov, amber]. Equally electric; applied to two bodies or points. I. Curves. See Zension-curves. I. Surfaces. See Tension-planes. Isogamous (i-sog/-am-us) [idog, equal; Yápoc, mar- riage]. A term used to designate that mode of repro- duction in which the uniting gametes are of equal size. The same as conjugating. * Isogamy (?-sog/-am-e) [iaoç, equal ; Yáplog, marriage]. In biology, conjugation of similar gametes. Isogeny (i-soft/-en-e) [loog, equal; yévoc, kind]. . In biology, having a general similarity of origin. Isognathous (?-sog/ º [iodg, equal; Yváflog, jaw]. In biology, having the molar teeth of both jaws alike. Isogonic (i-so-gon/-ié) [iong, equal ; Yörog, offspring]. In biology, characterized by isogonism. Isogonism (i-sog’-o-nizm) [iong, equal ; , Yövoc, off- spring]. In biology, the production by different stocks of sexual organisms of identical structure. Isogynous (i-soft'-in-us) [ioag, equal; Yvvá, female]. In biology, having the pistils or carpels equal in number to the sepals. Isolate (is/-so-lāt or i7-so-lāt) [isola, an island]. To separate one from another. To place apart. In chemistry, to separate an element from its combina- tion. In electricity, to insulate. Isolation (is-o-la/-shum) [isola, an island]. The act or process of isolating, or the state of being isolated; separation of those ill of contagious diseases from other persons. Isologous (?-so/-o-gus) [icog, equal ; A6xog, method, ratio, or system]. Having similar relations or pro- portions. A qualification applied to compounds con- taining a like number of carbon-atoms, with a gradually decreasing number of hydrogen-atoms. Isolophobia (is-o-lo-fo/-be-ah) [isola, an island; £680g, fear]. Morbid dread of being alone. Isomastigate (i-so-masſ-tig-āt) [iocc, equal; pláort;, a whip]. In biology, applied to organisms bearing two or more similar flagella. Isomer (i./-som-er) [igopepſic, having equal parts]. An isomeric body. The same as /somerid. Isomere (i/-so-mer) [loopiepāg, having equal parts]. In biology, a portion of one organism that is homologous with a portion of another organism. Isomeric (i-so-mer/-i}) [icog, equal; uépoc, a part]. In chemistry, applied to substances having the same cen- tesimal composition, but the molecules of which have an essentially different structure and chemic properties; e.g., aldehyd and ethylene oxid, both of which have the formula C.,H.O. The former, however, has the Structure— - Methyl. Carbonic oxid. while the latter is composed of two molecules of ethylene, joined by an atom of oxygen, thus (CH2)— O—(CH,). This, the most common type of isomer- ism, is sometimes called metamerism. The term is also applied to substances having the same centesimal com- position, but whose molecular weights are in even multiples, a type of isomerism commonly called poly- merism. Also, in crystallography, applied to any sub- stance that crystallizes in more than one form. Also, applied to a substance existing in two or more forms, a type of isomerism called allotropism. I. Theory of Nerve-force; Herbert Spencer's hypothesis that in nervous action the disturbance transmitted is a wave of isomeric change, the alter- 629 ISOPHORIA nation of isomeric states depending upon both nerve- fiber and molecular continuity. g Isomerids (i-som/-er-ids) [loopepffc, consisting of equal parts: io9ſ, equal; pièpog, a part]. A name applied to different substances possessing the same molecular composition. I., Physical, a designation applied to derivations to which one and the same structural formula must be assigned. They have been explained by assuming them to be different aggregations of mole- cules that were chemically similar. See also Physi- cal Molecules. Isomerism (i-som/-er-izm) [icoc, equal; uépoc, a part]. The phenomenon of bodies of like composition and like number of atoms being different in physical or in chemic properties, or in both. I., Geometric. Alloisomerism, g. v. I., Spatial. Same as Z., Geo- metric. - - Isomerous (i-som/-er-us) [loog, equal; piépoc, part, share]. In biology, having an equal number of parts, ridges, or markings. Isometric (i-so-met/-rić) [icoc, equal; uérpov, measure]. Of equal measure. I. Act, the tension of a muscle when stimulated, its length remaining constant. Isometropia (i-so-met-ro’-pe-ah) [idog, equal; uérpov, measure; &lp, eye). Equality of kind and degree in the refraction of the two eyes. Isomorph (i'-so-morf) [iaog, equal ; uopºff, form]. In biology, one of two similar organisms belonging to different groups. Isomorphic (i-so-mor/ºffé) [iaoc, equal; uoppſ, form]. In biology, pertaining to morphologic similarity. Isomorphism (i-so-mor/-ſizm) [iaog, equal; uopºff, form]. Similarity in crystalline form. Also, the replace- ment of one element in a crystalline salt by another, without alteration of form or system. I., Heteromer- ous, a condition of dissimilarity in molecular composi- tion. I., Isomerous, a condition of similarity in molecular composition. I., Polymeric, the substitu- tion of two or more atoms of one element for one of another, without alteration of crystalline form. Isonitrosoacetones (i-so-ni-tro-so-as/-et-önz). A group of colorless crystalline bodies, readily soluble in ether and in chloroform, and as a rule soluble with difficulty in alcohol. Their alkaline solutions have an intensely yellow color. Isonitroso-compounds (i-so-ni-tro/-so-kom/-powmdz). Compounds that contain the bivalent oximid group =N.OH linked to carbon. Isonomic (?-so-nom/-ić) [toovopukóc, having equality of laws]. In chemistry, applied to isomorphism ex- isting between two compounds of like composition. Isonym (i’-so-nim) [iodg, equal; ovoua, a name]. A paronym. Isopathotherapy (i-so-path-o-ther'-ap-e). pathy. Isopathy (i-sop/-ath-e) [icoc, equal ; Tá60ſ, suffering]. A term used to denote the treatment of disease by the administration of one or more of its own products. Thus, Smallpox would be treated by the administra- tion internally of the variolous excretions. Isopelletierin (i-so-pel-et/-e-er-in) [igog, equal ; pelle- tierin]. A substance found in the root-bark of Punica gramatum. It has the same properties as pelletierin. Isopepsin (?-so-pep/-sin) [icoc, equal ; Tépic, digestion]. I. A body formed by heating pepsin to a point be- tween IO4° and I40° F. It changes albumin into parapeptone. 2. Same as Parapeſtone. Isopetalous (?-so-pet/-al-us) [idog, equal ; Téražov, a leaf). In biology, having the petals alike. Isophoria (?-so-ſo’-re-ah) [iodg, equal; pépoc, a tending]. A condition in which the eyes lie in the same hori- zontal plane, the tension of the vertical muscles of Same as Iso- ISOPHOROUS 630 each eye being equal, and the visual lines lying in the same plane. Isophorous (i-soff’-or-us) [icog, equal; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, of equal taxonomic importance, as a spe- cies and its abnormal forms. Isopia (?-so'-pe-a/, )[iaog, equal; &mb, eye). A term proposed to indicate equal acuteness of vision in the two eyes. Isopleural (i-so-plu'-ral) [icog, equal; TAewpá, a rib]. Bilaterally symmetric. Isopogonous (i-so-pog/-o-mus) [toog, equal; Tóyov, beard, barb] In biology, applied to feathers, the web of which is alike on both sides of the rachis. Iso-propylamin (?-so-pro-pi/-am-in). See Propylamin. Isopters (i-sop/-ters) [iaog, equal; 6TTàp, observer]. The curves of relative visual acuity of the retina at dif- ferent distances from the macula, both for form and for color. Isopurpurin (i-so-pur/-pu-rin) [iodg, equal; purpura, purple], Cish;O,(OH)3. A coal-tar color used in dyeing, closely allied to alizarin ; it is formed by heating beta-anthraquinondisulphonic acid with sodic hydrate and potassium chlorate. It produces a yellow shade of red. See Pigments, Conspectus of Isoquinolin (i-so-Awin/-o-lin) [toog, equal; quinolin J, CoH, N. A substance that occurs together with quinal- din and ordinary quinolin in the crude quinolin from coal-tar. It is very similar to quinolin, solidifies at O° C. to a crystalline mass, melting at 20–22° C., and boiling at 237° C. Isosaccharic Acid (i-so-sak-a/-rić). See Acid. Isosaccharin (i-so-sa/º/-ar-in) [igoç, equal ; Gákxapov, sugar], CsP1100s. An isomerid of saccharin. It results from the action of lime upon milk-sugar and maltose. Isoscope (7'-so-séðp) [loog, equal; orcorreiv, to see]. An instrument consisting of two sets of parallel ver- tical wires, one of which can be superimposed on the other; it is designed to show that the vertical lines of separation of the retina do not correspond exactly to the vertical meridians. - Isospore (i/-so-spor) ſigog, equal; otópoç, a seed]. In biology, a plant producing but one kind of spore; a zygosperm. Isosporous (i-sos/-for-us) [iodſ, equal ; otropá, seed]. Same as Aomosporous. Isostemonous (i-so-stem/-o-mus) [iodg, equal; othpov, a stamen]. In biology, having the stamens of the same number as the parts of the calyx or corolla. Isotagmata (i-so-tag/-mat-ah). See Imotagmata. Iso-therapeutics (i-so-ther-ap-u/-tiés). Same as Isopathotherapy. Isothermal (i-so-ther/-mal) [īoog, equal; tºppim, heat]. Of equal or uniform temperature. I. Lines, in physi- cal geography, lines drawn through places having the same average temperature for a given period of time. Inasmuch as it frequently happens that two places hav- ing the same annual average temperature may have, one a climate of great extremes, the other a very equable climate, it is now customary to display com- parative isotherms for the six warm and the six cold months of the extra-tropical regions. I. Zones, zones bounded by isothermal lines. Isotome (i./-so-tom) [ioag, equal ; touff, a cutting]. In biology, an imaginary line or plane indicating homo- logous segments or structures. Isotonia (?-so-to/-ne-ah) [iaoç, equal ; Tóvoc, tension]. Equality of tension of the blood. Isotropic (i-so-trop’-ić) [icog, equal ; Tpotſ, turning]. Having the same properties throughout; isotropous; isotropal. Isotropous (i-sot/-ro-pus) [loog, equal; Tpoth, a turn- ITER ing]. Having the same shape and appearance, from whatever point observed. A term applied to singly- refracting bodies. Isozoöid (i-so-zo’-oid) [iodg, equal; Śājov, animal; eldog, form]. In biology, a zoöid resembling the organism producing it. Cf. Allozoöid. Issue (ish/-u) [Fr., issue, from exire, to go out]. A discharging ulcer, especially that made artificially for purposes of drainage, or counter-irritation. I.- pea, a pea or pea-shaped pellet (as of ivy-wood, or orris-root), inserted into an issue to keep up suppura- tion. Orange-seeds are also used for the same pur- OS6. isiºn (isſ-far-in). A nitrogenous, phosphorized sub- stance of complex structure occurring in brain-tissue. Its properties have not been investigated. Isthmiac, or Isthmic (is/-me-ak or is/-mié) [offuáç, a narrow passage]. Pertaining to any isthmus, as that of the fauces. Isthmitis (is-mi'-tis) [loffuáç, a narrow passage; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the fauces. Isthmo- (is/-mo-) [totuáç, a neck]. A prefix signifying the fauces. - Isthmocatarrhus (is-mo-kat-ar/-us) [lotuág, isthmus; katappéeuv, to flow down]. A catarrh of the faucial isthmus. Isthmodynia (is-mo-dim/-e-ah) [offuác, neck; 660Vm, pain]. Pain in the faucial isthmus. Isthmoid (is/-moid) [latućc, a neck; eiðoc, likeness]. Resembling an isthmus. Isthmopathy (is-mop/-ath-e) [ioſuég, neck; Táffoc, disease]. A disease of the faucial isthmus. Isthmoplegia (is-mo-ple/-je-ah) [īoffuág, neck; TAffym, stroke]. Paralysis of the faucial tract. Isthmopolypus (is-mo-poſ/-ip-us) [to fluóg, isthmus; Tožūtrovg, polyp.). A polyp of the fauces. Isthmorrhagia (is-mor-a/-je-ah) [ioğuác, isthmus; bmyvöval, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the throat. Isthmospasm (isſ-mo-spazm) [offuác, isthmus; oraoplóg, spasm]. Spasm of the isthmus of the fauces. Isthmus (is/-mus) [lotuác, isthmus]. The neck or constricted part of an organ. The part of the brain which, situated axially, serves to unite the forebrain, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord. I., Gyral, a nar- row gyrus connecting two adjoining gyri; an annectant convolution or pl; de passage. I. of Fauces, the space between the arches of the palate. I. of Thyroid Gland, the transverse cord connecting the lobes of the thyroid body. - Isuretin (?-su-re/-tän) [iogg, equal ; oipov, urine], CH.N.O. A substance isomeric with urea; it appears on evaporating the alcoholic solution of hydroxylamin and hydrogen cyanid. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms similar to those of urea, and melts at IO4–5° C. Italian (i-ta/-yan) [Italus, an Italian]. Of or pertain- ing to Italy. I. Fever. Synonym of ſºftuenza, and also of Mediterranean Fever. I. Leprosy. See Pellagra. I. Method. See Tagliacotian Method. Itch (ich). See Scabies. I., Army. See Army. I., Bakers’. See Baker. I., Barbers’. See Barber. I., Bricklayers’. See Bricklayer. I., Drunkards’, an intense itching frequent in old alcoholics. I., Grocers’. See Grocer. I.-mite. See Acarus scabiei. I., Norway, an extreme form of general scabies of the body, resulting in fish-scale-like des- quamation. Hebra’s first case was from Norway. I., Warehousemen’s. Same as J., Grocers’. -ite (it). A suffix employed in mineralogy denoting a mineral, or of mineral origin. A contraction of Affog, a Stone. Iter (7'-ter) [iter, a journey]. A passage affording com- munication between two or more parts. I. ad infundi- -ITIS bulum, the passage between the third ventricle of the brain and the infundibulum. I. a palati ad aurem, the Eustachian tube. I. a tertio ad quartum ventri- culum, the aqueduct of Sylvius, extending from the third ventricle to the fourth. I. chordae anterius, the aperture through which the chorda tympani nerve leaves the tympanum. I. chordae posterius, the aperture through which the chorda tympani nerve enters the tympanum. I. dentium, the canal of the permanent dental sac opening behind the correspond- ing temporary tooth and through which the permanent tooth rises. -itis (Z-tis) ſtric, inflammation]. A suffix used to denote inflammation. - Ivory (iſ-wor-e) [ME., ivory, ivory]. . The hard bone- like substance of the tusks of elephants. I.-black. See Carbo animalis, and Pigments, Conspectus of I., 631 JACTITATION Dental. See Denzine. I.-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of I. of Tooth. See Dentine. Ivy (i./-ve) [ME., ivy, ivy]. See Aedera. I.-pea, an issue-pea made of the wood of the ivy. I., Poison. See Achats. Ixodes (ićs-o/-dez) [.æðóng, sticky; tº 6¢, bird-lime; eiðoc, form]. An insect of the natural order Acaridea. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Ixyomyelitis (iks-e-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [ićic, waist; ſive26g, marrow ; trug, inflammation]. Myelitis of the dorsal region of the spinal cord; ischiomyelis; Osphyomy- elitis. Izal (i'-za!). Thorncliffe disinfectant; a by-product obtained in the process of coke-formation; it posseses strong disinfectant properties without any irritating quality. It mixes well with water, and has an agree- able odor. Unof. Jabber (jab’-er) [ME., ſaber, to chatter]. To talk rapidly and indistinctly; to chatter. Jaborandi (jab-or-an/-de) [Braz.]. The leaves of Pilo- carpus pennatifolizes, a valuable diaphoretic. See Pilo- carpets. Jaborin (jað/-or-in). [Braz., Jaborandi], CuFileN,Os. An alkaloid derivable from pilocarpin by the action of heat and sulphuric acid. It is an amorphous, strongly basic substance, and has properties resembling those of atropin. Unof. - Jacaranda (jak-ar-an/-dah) [Brazilian]. A genus of bignoniaceous plants of tropical America. J. caroba is antisyphilitic, and is of service in the treatment of urethritis, rheumatism, and skin-diseases. Dose of the fl. ext, gtt. xvi-fl. 3.j. J. lancifoliata, is used by the natives of Brazil in urethritis. Dose of an 3 ij to Oj tincture muxv ; of the fl. extract, gtt. xvi-xxx. Unof. Jaccoud's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of Jack (jak) [ME., Jacke, a personal name]. A popular term for horse-flesh salted and subsequently washed in order to deprive it of its peculiar taste. J.-knife Posture. See Postures. Jacket (jaž/-et) [Fr., jacque, a coat of mail]. A short coat. J., Bark, a jacket stuffed with powdered cin- chona. J., Cotton, a jacket lined with cotton, some- times used in the treatment of pneumonia. J., Plaster-of-Paris, a mould of plaster-of-Paris cast upon the body or part, for keeping it rigid and fixed in a desired position, in sprain or dislocation of the spine, etc. J.-poultice, a poultice applied about the whole surface of the thorax; it is sometimes used in the treatment of pneumonia. J., Straight, a system of leather straps used to bind violently insane persons in order to prevent self-inflicted injury. Jackson's Pectoral Syrup. A cough-medicine contain- ing morphin hydrochlorate, sugar, sassafras pith, gum arabic, and water. Jacksonian Epilepsy. Focal, cortical, or symptomatic epilepsy. A spasm limited to a single group of muscles in the face, arm, or leg, due generally to irritative lesion of the motor area of the brain; the spasm may also in- volve other groups of muscles; consciousness is usually retained ; there is danger of the convulsions becoming general. See Epilepsy, and Diseases, Table of. Jacob's Membrane. A name sometimes applied to the layer of rods and cones of the retina. J.'s Ulcer. See Rodent Ulcer, and Diseases, Table of. Jacobson’s Anastomosis. The tympanic plexus. See Alexzes. J.'s Canal. See Canal. J.'s Cartilage, a strip of cartilage under Jacobson's organ, firmly adherent to the latter, but distinct from the septal cartilage of the nose, to the outer side of the ventral edge of which it is situated. J.'s Nerve, the nerve of the tympanum. See AVerves, Table of. J.'s Organ, a short, rudimentary canal, extending along the septum of Stensen's duct, and ending in a cul-de-sac. º : •. } s -- * -: sº-- - Sºº- - - > Plaster JACKET. (Sayre.) Jacquart, Angle of. See Angle. Jacquemin's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Jactation (jak-ta/-shun). See Jactitation. Jactitation (jak-tit-a'-shun) [factitare, to pour forth]. The restlessness and tendency to frequent changes of JADELOT'S LINES OR FURROWS position that characterize severe distress in disease. J., Periodic. Synonym of Chorea. Jadelot's Lines or Furrows. Certain furrows of the face of children in serious illness. Three sets are distinguished: The Genal Furrow, from the mouth almost to the malar bone; this and the nasal furrow are said to indicate disease of the gastro-intestinal tract or abdominal viscera; the Labial Furrow, from the angle of the mouth outward to the lower part of the face, which “should direct attention to the lungs; ” the Nasal Furrow, from the nasal alae in a semicircle about the mouth; the Oculo-zygomatic Furrow, beginning at the inner canthus of the eye, and passing outward below the lower lid, to be lost on the cheek; it is said to point to disorders of the cerebro-spinal nervous system. See, also, Zinzes, Zable of; and Signs and Symptoms, Table of Jaeger's Test-types. A series of types of varying size for testing the power of vision. Jag (ſag) [Prov. Eng.]. A popular slang name for a state of drunkenness; also, for enough liquor to pro- duce a state of drunkenness. The term has been adopted into the jargon of certain proprietary cures for the alcohol-habit. Jaggery (jag"-er-e) [E. Ind.]. The name given to a very impure East Indian palm-sugar, sometimes refined in England, but chiefly consumed in the country of its production. Jail-fever. Synonym of Zyphus Fever, g. v. v. Jaksch’s Disease. Pseudoleukocythemia of infants. See ZXiseases, Zable of Jalap, or Jalapa (ſal/-aft or ja/-aft-ah) [named from Jalapa, a city of Mexico]. The tuber of Ipomaea jalapa, a plant with properties due to two resins, jala- pin and convolvulin. It is an active hydragogue cathartic, especially useful in combination with calo- mel. J., Abstractum, an ingredient of pil. cathartic comp. Dose gr. j-v. Unof. J., Ext. Dose gr. v-xv. J., Resina, precipitated from the tincture by water. Dose gr. j-v. J., Pulv., Comp., contains jalap 35, potassium bitartrate 65. Dose gr. x–3.j. J., Tinct. (B.P.) Dose 3 ss—j. Jalapin (ja/-ap-in) [from Jalapa, a city of Mexico], 34H56O16. I. A glucosid from Convolvulus oriza- bensis, very similar in properties to convolvulin; it is actively cathartic. 2. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of ſºoma'a jalapa, an irritant hydragogue cathartic. Dose gr. iij. Unof. Jamaica (jam-a/-kah) [W. Indies]. West Indies. See Coccoloffa. Jamaicin (jam-a/-is-in). Same as Berberin. Jambosa (jam-boſ-sa/.) [Fr., jambosier]. A genus of myrtaceous S. Asiatic trees. The bark of J. aquea, J. domestica, and J. vulgaris is astringent; the fruit (rose-apple, or jambosa) is edible; the fruit and flowers are refrigerant, and the seeds are aromatic. Unof. Jambu assu (jam/-boo as-soo') [E. Ind.]. The root of Ottonia ſaborandi, a Brazilian tree. It is thought to be stimulant and febrifuge, but its properties are not definitely known. Dose of the fla. ext, mix–xxx. Unof. Jambul (jam/-/u/) [E. Ind., jamów]. The dried and powdered fruit-stones of Syzygium jambolanum, ashrub of the order of Myrtaceae, growing in Western India. It is a valuable astringent in the diarrheas of children, and has also been found to lessen the amount of sugar and urine excreted in diabetes. Dose gr. ij-x; of the fluid extract of the seeds, my—x. Unof. James's Pill. A pill containing equal parts of James's powder, ammoniac, and pil. aloes and myrrh. J.'s Powder. See Antimonium. Jamestown Weed. See Stramonium. An island of the J. Dogwood. See Piscidia. J. Kino. 632 JAUNDICE Janosik's Embryo. A human embryo described by Janosik as having two gill-pouches and three aortic arches. Janus, or Janiceps (ja/-nus or jan/-is-eps) [Janus, a two-faced divinity; caput, head]. A syncephalic monstrosity with two faces. - Japan (jap-an/) [Chin., Jih-pân]. An island on the eastern coast of Asia. J. Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. J.-black. See Pigments, Conspectus of J. Lacquer. Same as /.-black. J. Wax, a wax obtained by boiling the berries of several trees of the genus Rhus, from incisions in the stems of which flows the famous Japan lacquer varnish. It is properly a fat, as it consists almost entirely of glyceryl palmitate. Its specific gravity is .999 and its melting-point 120°F. (49°C.). When freshly broken, the fractured surface is almost white or slightly yel- lowish-green and the odor tallow-like. It is used for mixing with beeswax in the manufacture of candles and wax matches. t Japanese (jap-an-èz/) [Japan, an island on the east coast of Asia]. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabit- ants. J. Method of Resuscitation; it consists in drawing forward the tongue and making rapid passes with paper fans soaked in water and aqua ammoniae. The object is to get as much of the vapor of ammonia into the lungs as possible. This method is also called Japanese Fanning. J. Fanning. See / Method of A'esuscitation. J. Hot-box, a device for applying dry-heat to a part, as the eyes. Jar [Pers., jarrah, a little cruse]. A small earthen or glass vessel without handle or spout. J., Leyden, an electric condenser consisting of a glass jar lined, exter- nally and internally, in its lower two-thirds with tin. See Zeyden. Jargon (far/-gon) [ME., jargoun, chattering]. . Con- fused, unintelligible talk; gibberish ; babble; charac- teristic of some forms of idiocy and insanity. Jargonize (jar/-gon-iz) [ME., jazgoun, chattering]. To utter unintelligible sounds. Jarich’s Ointment. An ointment containing pyrogallic acid, 3.j, and lard, one ounce. Jarjavay’s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Jasmine (jaz/-min) [Pers., yasmin, jasmine]. Jasminum. J.-yellow. See Gelsemium. Jasminum (jaz/-min-um) [Pers., yāsmin, jasmine]. A genus of oleaceous plants, mostly of tropical old-world origin; jasmine. Many of the species are cultivated for their fragrant flowers, and for their essential oil. Some of the species are vermifuge, others lactifuge, and still others are used in the treatment of skin-diseases. Unof. Jatropha (jat’-roºfah) [arpác, a physician; Tpopſ, nourishment]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants having irritant, cathartic, and emetic properties. See Aarbadoes AWut and Zapioca. J. macrorhiza, the root of a plant indigenous to Mexico and the Southern United States, possessed of alterative and cholagogue properties; in large doses it is a hydragogue cathartic and emetic. Dose of the fluid extract 3 SS—ij. Unof. J. Oil, the oil of the Barbadoes nut. Jaundice (jawm/-dis) [Fr., faunisse, yellowness]. A condition arising from obstruction of the biliary pas- sages. It is characterized by a yellowish coloration of the skin, and may be associated with languor, malaise, nausea, vomiting, itching of the skin, diarrhea or con- stipation, clay-colored stools, slow pulse, and depres- sion of temperature. Certain of the secretions of the body also are discolored, as the urine. J., Acute Febrile. See Weil's Disease. J., Acute Infective. See Weil's Disease. J., Black, an extreme degree of jaundice. J., Blue, a synonym of Cyanosis. J., Hema- See JAUNE togenous, the yellowish discoloration of the skin, re- sulting from disorganization of the red blood-corpus- cles. J., Hemafecal, jaundice associated with bloody stools. J., Hepatogenic. See Hepatogenic. J., Malignant, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. J., White. Synonym of Chlorosis. Jaune (zhön) [Fr.]. Yellow. J.-brilliant. Same as Cadmium-wellow. Java Tea. The leaves of Orthosiphon staminaus, the infusion of which is reputed to be diuretic in doses of 3 j—ij. See Orthosiphon. Javelle's Water. A solution of potassium or sodium hypochlorite. Jaw [ME., jawe, jaw]. See Maxilla. J.-bone, a maxilla, especially the inferior maxilla. J.-disease, a term for phosphorus-necrosis. J.-jerk, a tendon reflex obtained by suddenly depressing the lower jaw. See Reflexes, Table of J.-less, without jaws. J., Lock, or Locked. See Trismus. J., Lumpy, actinomycosis of cattle. J.-pocking, a Scottish term for Wattles, q. v. J.-tooth, a molar tooth. Jaws (jawz). See Maxillary Bones. Jealousy (jel/-us-e) [ME., jalous, jealous]. A feeling of resentful suspicion caused by belief in the rivalry of another person in the love or favor of one's hus- band or wife. When excessive, unreasonable, or abnormal, it may be looked upon as a symptom of insanity. Jecinorous (ſes-in/-or-us) [ſecur, jecoris, liver]. He- patic. - . Jecoral (je/-or-al), Jecorary (ješ/-or-a-re), Jeco- rose (ješ/-or-ás) [ſecur, jecoris, liver]. relating to the liver. - Jecorin (fe8/-or-in). [ſecur, ſecords, liver], Clos Hiss N3- 3Os. A complex body found by Drechsel in the liver-substance. In its properties it somewhat resem- bles lecithin, but it reduces Fehling’s solution. It occurs also in the spleen, muscle, brain, etc. Jecur (ſe/-ker) [L.]. The liver. J. aselli, the liver of the cod-fish. J. lardaceum, waxy or lardaceous liver. Jeffersonia (ſef-er-so'-ne-ah) [after Thomas Jefferson, a president of the U. S.]. A genus of berberidaceous plants. J. diphylla, a N. American berberidaceous plant, useful in rheumatism, and a good substitute for Senega. It is tonic and in large doses expectorant; it is also called rheumatism-root and twin-leaf. See Twin-leaf. Unof. epatic; Jeffries, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Jejunal (ſej-u/-ma!) [jejunus, dry]. Pertaining to the jejunum. Jejunitas (ſe-ju/-mit-as) [L.J. Fasting. Jejunitis (ſeſ-tº-mi/-täs) [jejunus, dry; truç, inflam- mation]. . Inflammation of the jejunum. Jejunium (fe-ſu/-me-um) [L., pl., Jejunia]. A fast. Jejuno-colostomy (ſej-u-no-ko-losſ-to-me) [jejunus, dry; kóżov, colon; otóga, mouth]. The surgical formation of an artificial passage between the jejunum and the colon. Jejuno-ileitis (jej-u-no-iſ-e-i/-ſis) [jejunus, dry; eižetv, to roll; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the jejunum and the ileum. Jejuno-ileostomy (jej-u-no-il-e-os/-to-me) [jejunus, dry; eiàelv, to roll; oróga, mouth]. The surgical formation of an artificial communication between the jejunum and the ileum. Jejunostomy (feſ-tº-nos/-to-me) [yeſumus, dry; otóua, mouth]. The making and maintenance of an artificial opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum. The operation is designed to permit the introduction of food in cases of carcinoma of the pylorus and sim- ilar affections. 633 JERVIN Jejuno-typhoid (jej-u-no-ti’ſoid') [jejunus, dry; Tipoc, smoke; eiðog, likeness]. Typhoid fever with involvement of the jejunum or its glands. Jejunum (ſej-u/-num) [jejunus, dry, empty, because thought to be empty after death]. The two-fifths of | \\ | c. Cardiac, p. Pyloric parts of stomach. d. Duodenum; i. Jejunum and ileum. ac. Ascending, tc. transverse, and dc, descending colon. ”. Rectum. a. Anus. the small intestine extending between the duodenum and the ileum. Also a synonym of Fasting. Jelly (jel/-e) [gelare, to freeze]. In pharmacy, a soft, non-viscid, but somewhat elastic substance, of which hydrated gelatin is the best example. Domestic fruit- jellies consist of the inspissated juice of the fruit, with one or two parts of sugar, together with the natural mucilage of the seeds of the fruit. Many of the imported jellies sold in the United States contain no fruit-juice, being for the greater part ordinary animal gelatin acidified with tartaric acid, and flavored arti- ficially. J., Glycerin. See Mounting-media ; also, Glycerin-jelly. J., Wharton's. See Wharton. Jennerian (jem-èr/-e-an) [after Jenner, an English physician]. Pertaining to Jenner, or to the theory or practice of vaccination. Jensen’s Fissure. See Fissures, Table of Jequiritin (jek-ir/-it-in). A soluble active principle obtained from jequirity seeds. See Abrus. Jequirity (jeć-ir/-it-e). See Abrus. Jerk [origin uncertain]. See Chin-jerk, Eſbow-jerk, Jaw-jerk, Knee-jerk, Zoe-jerk, etc. J.-finger. See Spring-ſinger. Jerkers (jerk’-erz). See Jumpers. Jerks [origin uncertain]. A form of hysteric and almost maniacal agitation, accompanied by sudden distortions of the body. It has been epidemic in certain seasons of unusual religious excitement. Jersey Tea. See Red-root. Jervin (jer/-win) [ſerva, green hellebore-root], Cog Hsin Os ; a poisonous, crystalline alkaloid found in varieties of veratrum. JESUITS BARK Jesuits’ Bark. A name for Cinchoma. See Wade’s Balsam. Jetolin (jet/-o-lin). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Jewel-weed (ju/-el-wed). See Impatiens. Jewlap (ju/-lap). See Dewlap. Jigger Flea. See Pulex. Jimjams (jim/jamz) [slang]. A vulgar synonym of delirium tremens. - Jimson (jim/-sum), Jingko (jing/-ko). See Gingko. Job’s Tears. See Coix lacrima. Jobert's Suture. See Suture. Joe Pye Weed. See Eupatorium purpureum. Johnson’s Picro-saccharimeter. See A'icro-saccharim- efe?". Joint [ME., joynt, a joint]. See Articulation. J.-dis- ease, any morbid affection involving the joints and their surrounding tissues. J., Charcot's, a disease of the joints accompanying tabes dorsalis. It is charac- terized by a swelling, due to effusion of fluid into the articular cavity and about the surrounding tissues, followed by a lax condition, and ending in distortion or deformity of the joint, sometimes with diminished range of motion, and at other times with excessive range of motion. J.-felon. See / -i/Z. J.-ill, a term applied to two very different forms of disease in cattle: I. To septic arthritis, resulting from septic inflammation of the navel ; 2. To an acute exudative arthritis, in which large quantities of plastic lymph are thrown into the cavity of the joint, leading to per- manent stiffening and deformity. J.-less, without joints. J.-mice. See Corpora libera articulorum. J.-oil, the synovia. Jones's (Bence) Albumin. See Albumin. Jorissenne's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of Joule (fool) [after J. P. Joule, an English physicist]. A heat-unit, equal to one calorie divided by 42OO. See A2/ectric Units. J.'s Law. See Zazv. Jowl (jo/ or ſoul) [ME., jolle, jaw]. . The cheek. Judas Tree (ju/-das tre). Red-bud. The bark of Cercis canadensis, an astringent, much used in diar- rhea, and as an injection in leukorrhea. Dose of the fla. ext., muxv–3 j. Unof. Jugal (ju/-gal) [fugum, a yoke]. Connecting or uniting, as by a yoke. J. Bone, the malar bone. J. Drops. See Datura stramonium. J. Points. See Craniometric Points. J. Process. See Zygoma. Juglandin (jäg-lam/-din) [figlans, a walnut]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Butter- nut, Juglans cinerea; it is alterative, tonic, laxative, detergent, etc. Dose 2 to 5 grains. Unof. Juglans (jäg/-/anz) [L., “walnut”]. A genus of trees, including the true walnut. J. regia, the European walnut, has stimulant and alterative leaves, which have been found useful in expelling tapeworm. The black walnut, J. nigra, has the same properties. Butternut, the inner bark (collected in autumn) of the roots of J. cinerea, is a mild cathartic, very popu- lar in dysentery and chronic constipation. Dose of the ext., gr. V X. Juglone (jäg/-lon) [juglans, walnut], Ciołłs(O):OH. Än active principle existing in the bark of the Euro- pean walnut; it is also obtained by oxidizing hydrojug- ione with ferric chlorid. It is almost insoluble in water, consists of yellow needles, and melts with decomposi- tion at about 150–155° C. It has the smell of fresh walnuts, and is a powerful sternutatory. Unof. Jugo-maxillary (jū’-go-maks/-iſ-a-re) [ſugum, a yoke; Żmaxilla, a jaw]. Relating to the jugular vein and the maxilla. ſº Jug-sound. A term for amphoric resonance. jugular (ju/-gu-lar) [jugularis, jugulum, throat]. 634 Julaceous (ju-la/-she-us) [iulus, catkin]. JUNIPERUS Pertaining to the throat. J. Fossa. See Fossa. J. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table. J. Veins. See Vein. Jugulation (jug-u-la/-shun) [jugulatio, a killing]. The swift and sudden shortening of an attack of dis- ease by therapeutic measures; also, the arrest of an epidemic by prompt and effective measures. Jugulocephalic (ju-gu-lo-seſ-a/-ä) [jugulum, the throat; kepañff, head]. Pertaining to the throat and the head. - Jugulum (jäg/-tº-lum) [L. : pl., Jugula]. The collar- bone; also, the throat. Jugum (ju/-gum) [L. : pl., Juga]. A yoke. In biology, a pair of leaflets in a compound leaf. J. penis, a cushioned forceps or compressor applied to the penis to prevent incontinence of urine. J. sphen- oidale, the line of fusion of the orbito-sphenoid bones. Juice (jūs) [jus, broth]. The fluid or liquid contained in the tissue of an animal or plant. Various secretions of the body are known as juices, e.g., the gastric, intestinal, and pancreatic juices. J.-canals, spaces within the connective tissue, constituting the origin of the lymphatic vessels. J., Gastric. See Gastric. J., Intestinal, the intestinal Secretion, succus entericus, the secretion of the follicles of Lieberkühn mainly, but in the duodenum including that of Brunner's glands. J., Pancreatic. See Pancreatic. Jujube (ju/jūb) [jujuba, fruit]. The fruit of the jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. J.-paste, a confection, originally containing the pulp of jujubes, but now made of gum-arabic, or of gelatin, variously flavored. In biology, resembling a catkin. Julep (ju/-/ep) [Pers., jūlāb, a sweet drink]. A sweet- ened and aromatized alcoholic or medicated drink. Jumbai-bean (jum/-/*-hān) [Negro dial., Jumbai, an evil spirit]. The Leucaena glauca Benth, a leguminous tree resembling the locust, found in the West Indies. The eating of the fruit or the foliage by horses and cattle results in the loss of hoofs, horns, and hair of tail and mane. Jumpers (jum/-perz) [ME., jumpen, to jump.]. A name applied to those afflicted with a neurosis charac- terized by motor incoördination and convulsive move- ments of any part of the body, but especially of the lower extremities, so that springing movements or jumping movements follow efforts to walk, etc. The name has also been given to hysteric fanatics whose devotional frenzy is accompanied by acts of leaping and distortion; and also to certain persons whose powers of will and control over their movements are in part abolished. See Latah, Myriachit, Palmus, and Saltatoric Spasm. A umping ( jump/-ing). See Palmus. }: %. º [L]. A suture, as of bones. June ( º [Junius, a Roman name, meaning young]: The sixth month of the year. J.-cold. Synonym of Aay-ſever. J. Lobster. See Buckle-shell. Jungle Fever. See Fever. Juniper (ju/-mift-er). See /uniperus. . . Juniperin (ju-nip/-er-in) [juniperus, the juniper-tree]. A yellow, resin-like powder found in juniper-berries. Juniperus (ju-mip/-er-us) [L., gen., Juniperi]. I. A genus of berry-bearing coniferous trees. Besides the official species (see Juniperus, 2), there are several other medicinal species. 2. Juniper, the fruit of /, communis; its properties are mainly due to a volatile oil, and it is a stomachic tonic, diuretic, and aphrodisiac. The oil is eliminated by the kidneys. It is valuable in chronic pyelitis and cystitis. J., Infusum, unof, consists of juniper-berries 3.j, boiling water Oj. J., Ol., the volatile oil. Dose muv-xx. J., Spt., 5 parts of the oil in 95 of alcohol. Dose 3.j-3.j. J., Spt., JUNK Comp., the gin of commerce; oil of juniper 8, oil of caraway I, oil of fennel I, alcohol I400, water q. s. ad 5000 parts. Dose 3 ss—j. J. oxycedrus affords oil of cade, 7. v. See also Saôina. Oil of Cade, a tar obtained by the distillation of juniper-wood; it is sometimes used externally in eczema and psoriasis. Unof. . - Junk [Port., junco, a rush]. In surgery, a quilted cushion forming a sling in which to suspend a fractured limb. It was formerly made of rushes or reeds. Junker’s Inhaler. See Anesthetic. Junket (junk/-et) [ME., junket, a rush]. Curds and whey ; a delicacy for invalids, prepared by taking 94 pint of fresh milk heated to an agreeable tempera- ture, adding I teaspoonful of rennet or essence of pep- sin, and stirring well. curdled, and serve with sugar and nutmeg. Junod’s Boot. A boot-shaped case, usually of stiff leather, made to enclose the leg so that, the air being exhausted, the blood-vessels and tissues of the limb are dilated by the excess of blood. It has been em- ployed to relieve inflammation and congestion of the viscera. - Jurema (ju-re/-mah) [Braz.]. A leguminous Brazilian tree, Stryphnodendron jurema. Its bark is astringent, and is said to be narcotic. Unof. Juriballi (ju-rib-al/-e) [W. Ind.]. A name for several meliaceous trees, and their astringent and antipyretic bark, among which are 77-ichilia moschata, Soymida febrifuga, and Khaya senegalensis. Jurisprudence (ju-ris-pru/-dens) [jus, law; prudentia, skill]. The science of the interpretation and applica- tion of the law. J., Medical, the application of med- ical knowledge to the principles of common law. Jurubeba (ju-ru-be’-bah) [Braz.]. The leaves and juice of a shrub, Solanum insidiosum, indigenous to Brazil. It is an alterative, tonic, diuretic, and drastic cathartic. Dose of the fluid extract gtt. j–v. Unof. - Jury (ju/-re), [jurare, to swear]. A body of men legally appointed to determine the guilt or innocence of a prisoner, or to determine the facts in judicial inquiries. J.-leg, a wooden leg. J. of Matrons, a body of twelve matrons, formerly empaneled in Eng- land to determine if a murderess, for whom such plea was made, were pregnant. J.-mast, a steel shaft with curved iron rods attached, sometimes employed to sup- port the head in disease of the upper vertebrae; it is mainly used in connection with Sayre's treatment of spondylitis. See annexed illustration. Jus (jūs) [L.]. See Juice, and Jusculum. Jusculum (jus/-ku-lum) [L., a decoction]. A soup or broth; gruel or porridge. - Jusetmond's Arsenical Powder. A preparation of arsenic used in various skin-affections. It consists of 635 Let the mixture stand till: JUXTAPOSITION sulphuretted antimony, 16 parts; arsenious acid, one part. These are melted in a crucible, and, when cold, the mass is reduced to a powder, and five parts of extract of opium are added. Justicia (jus-tis/-e-a/.) [named from a Mr. Justice, a . botanist]. A genus of acanthaceous herbs and shrubs. J. adhatoda is antispasmodic and febrifuge. J. ec- bolium is anti-icteric, diuretic, and deobstruent. J. echioides, diuretic. J. gendarussa, diaphoretic. J. pectoralis is bechic and stomachic. Unof. Justo-major Pelvis (jus/-to-ma/-jor). See Pelvis, Aemale, Deformities of Justo-minor Pelvis. ities of Jute (jāt) [Beng., jilt, matted hair]. The bast fiber of two species of the genus Corchorus, grown chiefly in India and Ceylon. The fibers have a length of 2.5 meters, or even more, are of a yellowish-white color, and have a fine luster. Jute contains no free cellulose, but consists of bastose. When treated with iodin and sulphuric acid, it yields a deep-brown color. Juvantia (ju-zan/-she-ah) [L., “aiding”]. Adjuvant remedies or medicines. See Adjuvant. See Pelvis, Female, Deform- JURY-MAST. (Sayre.) Juventus (ju-ven/-tus) [juvenis, young]. A term formerly applied to that period of life between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five years. Juxtaposition (juás-tah-po-zish/-un) [juxta, near; posi- tio, position]. Situation adjacent to another; the act of placing near; apposition. K. The symbol of Kalium, or its more commonly used equivalent, Potassium. K., or Ka. In electrotherapeutics, the abbreviation of Aathode, or of Kathodic. . Kaateer's Method. A method of staining tubercle- bacilli. See Stains, Zable of Kabbalistic, Cabalistic (Aab-al-is/-tié) [Heb., gabbā- Záh, reception]. Pertaining to the Kabbala, which included a system of the treatment of diseases by su- pernatural agencies. Kaif (Āif) [Arab.]. Languor; dreamy enjoyment; sensuous tranquillity, such as follows the use of cer- tain drugs (like opium, or hashish). Kairin (Ai’-rin) [kalpóg, the right time], Clo His NO.- HCl. H2O. An artificial alkaloid prepared from chinolin. It is valuable as a powerful antipyretic; it also produces diaphoresis and emesis; its use is sometimes followed by collapse. Its general proper- ties are similar to those of antipyrin, g. v. Dose gr. iij- xxx. Unof. Kairocoll (Ai’-ro-AEol) [kalpóg, the right time; kó%a, glue.], CuFili NO2. An artificial alkaloid prepared from chinolin. Kairolin, or Kairolina (Ai’-ro-lin, or Ai-ro-li’-mah) [kalpóg, the right time], Ciołłis N. Methylquinolin hydrid. An antipyretic resembling kairin, but less efficient. Unof. Kakké (AEaž/-ka) [Chinese for “leg-disease”]. Epi- demic and endemic multiple neuritis, or beriberi, as seen in Eastern and Southern Asia. Kako- (£až/-o-). See Caco-. Kakodyl (ka/-o-di/). See Cacodyl. Kakosmia (AEaß-oz/-me-ah). See Cacosmia. Kakotrophia (AEaž-of-ro/-fe-a/). See Cacotrophy. Kaladana (Aal-ad-a/-mah) [origin unknown]. An East Indian convolvulaceous plant, Ipomoea (Pharbitis) mil. Its seeds are a safe and good cathartic. Dose of the powdered drug, 3 SS-9 iſ ; of the resin, gr. iv.-viij. Unof. Kalanchoe (Aal-am-ko’-e) [Chinese]. An East Indian crassulaceous plant. Its leaves are used in the form of poultices for bites and boils, the juice as an anti- pyretic. Unof. Kali (AEa/-e, or Áa/-ä) [Ar., gali, potash]. Potassium, . v. K.-blue. Same as Aer/in-blue. Kalidium (Æal-id’’-e-um) [kažíðvov, dim. of Kažtá, cot, granary: pl. , Áalidia]. In biology, the spore-capsule of certain algae. Kaligenous (&al-j/-en-us) [Ar., gali, potash; yewvāv, to beget]. Pertaining to the production of potassium. Kaligraph (ka/-īg-raf) [kažóg, beautiful, ypápetv, to write]. An instrument for the use of those afflicted with writers’ cramp. It is essentially a pantograph, so arranged that by making the letters very large at one point, they are reproduced of a natural size at another. Kalimeter (AEa/-im/-et-er). See A/Aalimeter. Kalimetry (AEal-im/-et-re). See Alkalimetry. Kaline (AEa/-/in or Åa/-in). See A/AEaline. Kalisaya (Aal-is-a/-yah). See Calisaya. Kalium (Æa/-le-um). A synonym of Potassium, Q. v. Kalmia (AEa/-me-ah) [after Peter Åalm, an explorer]. Laurel, Mountain-laurel, Sheep-laurel, Broad-leaved laurel, Calico Bush. The leaves of Å. Matifolia, a well-known evergreen common in the United States, having alterative, cardiac, sedative, and astringent properties. It is a popular cure-all, and has proved valuable in diarrhea and in syphilitic affections. Dose gr. xx-xxx; of the flá. ext, muxx-3 ss. Unof. K. 636 KARTULIS, BACILLUS OF angustifolia, like the foregoing, is poisonous. Its decoction is a popular remedy for sores and ulcers, to which it is applied hot, Unof. Kalmuck Type. See Idiocy, Ethnic. Kamala (kam-a/-lah) [Hind., Aamilaj. Rottlera. The glands and hairs from the capsules of Mallotus philip- pinensis (Rottlera tinctoria), native to Southern Asia and Abyssinia. It is a purgative and anthelmintic, much used for the expulsion of lumbricoid and other parasitic worms. Dose 3.j-3.j of an 3 vſ to 3 xv) alcoholic tincture. g Kambi (AEam/-be) [E. Ind.]. An aromatic gum, like elemi, from Gardenia lucida, a plant of India. Unof. Kamela (kam-e'-lah) or Kamila (kam-e'-lah). See A amala. Kammerer and Giacomi's Apparatus. An appara- tus for air-analysis. Kanarin (kan/-ar-in), CANAHS,. A substance ob- tained from KCNS by electrolysis; it is probably identical with pseudo-cyanogen sulphid, and is em- ployed as a yellow or orange dye for wool, not re- quiring a mordant. Kandahar Sore (Áam/-da-har). entalis. Kandelia (kan-deſ-le-ah) [E. Ind., kandel]. A rhizo- phoreaceous plant found in the Malay Islands. K. rheedii, a small tree found in India, where its bark, mixed with dried ginger, or pepper and rose-water, is used in diabetes. Unof. Kandol (kan'-dol). A volatile constituent of coal-tar, proposed as a local anesthetic. Its rapid evaporation freezes the superficial tissues. It is possibly identical with rhigolene, g. v. Unof. Kangaroo Method (kang-gar-oo!). H. C. Wood's term for the method of treating disease by giving, at short intervals, powerful remedies whose influence is short-lived. K. Tendon, a material derived from the tail of Macropus giganteus, the great kangaroo. It is used in surgery for ligatures. See Ligature. Kanten (Åan/-ten) [Jap.]. A variety of agar-agar, or Japanese sea-weed isinglass, used in the arts, and as a food. Kaolin (%a/-o-lin) [Chin., Aaoling, “high ridge "I, White clay, China clay. The silicate of aluminum, obtained from the decomposition of felspar. It is sometimes used as a protective application in eczema. K., Ung., I in 3, allays irritation if applied to abraded skin. Unof. Kaposi’s Disease. See Atrophoderma pigmentosum, and Aeroderma pigmentosum, also, Diseases, Table of K.’s Ointment, an ointment used in the treatment of sca- bies. It consists of naphthol, 40 grains; green-soap, 2% drams; prepared chalk, V4 dram; lard, V4 ounce. It is also called the compound naphthol-ointment. Kappeler's Method. See Amesthetic. Karabic Acid (Áar/-aē-ic). See Acid, Succinic. Karakin (%ar/-ak-in) [N. Zeal., Aaraka]. A white crystalline body, apparently a glucosid, obtained from the nuts of the karaka, (Corynocarpus lavigata). It is an intensely bitter, crystalline body, soluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies, insoluble in ether and chloro- roform, and melts at Ioo" C. Kardio- (Aar/-de-o-). See Cardio-, Karlinski, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. K., Proteus of. See Bacteria, Synonym- atic Table of Kartulis, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. See Furunculus ori- KARYOGAMIC Karyogamic (kar-e-o-gam/-ä) [kápvov, nucleus; Yágoc, marriage]. Pertaining to the blending of nuclei, as in reproduction. Karyokinesis (kar-e-o-Ain-e'-sis) [Kápvov, a nut (nu- cleus); kivmorg, movement, change]. A complicated series of changes accompanying the maturation of the ovum and the extrusion of the polar globule; indirect or nuclear cell-division, characterized by a radiate ar- rangement of the protoplasm immediately about the “centrosome" and the “sphere of attraction ”.. at one pole, but outside of the nucleus, and, following the division of the “sphere of attraction ” into two halves of clear protoplasm; also, by changes in the nucleoplasm, the chromatin becoming granular and KARYOKINESIS. A. Nuclear reticulum, resting stage. B. Preparing for divi- sion. C. Wreath stage. D. Monaster with achromatic spindle. E. Barrel or pithode stage, or metakinesis, i. e., chromatin-fibrils traveling along the achromatic spindle toward the poles. F. Diaster. G. Daughter-wreath stage. H. Daughter-cells passing to resting-stage. t arranged as a transverse band or disc, while the achro- matin is transformed into threads (karyomita), form- ing a spindle-shaped structure º: spindle, barrel-form, pithos), stretching between the two astral systems, or suns. The entire arrangement, central disc, spindle, and the two suns, constitutes the so- called amphiaster, or diaster, and, in connection with the production of the polar globules, the archiamphias- ter. The groups of the V-shaped chromatin-grains, produced by the division of the central disc, are then translated to the ends of the spindles, and form two polar crowns (Carnoy’s couronne polaire, the wreaths, rosets, spirems); the spindle-threads break and are drawn toward the polar crowns, and two daughter-nu- clei result. Karyokinetic (kar-e-o-kin-et/-ić) [kápvov, nucleus; kivmouc, motion]. In biology, applied to the active stages of nuclei. Karyolysis (kar-e-o/-is-is) [kápvov, nucleus; Wüelv, to loose]. The segmentation of the nucleus of the cell. Karyolytic (kar-e-o-lit"-ić) [kápvov, nucleus ; Wüelv, to loose]. Relating to karyolysis. Karyomita (kar-e-o’-mit-ah) [Kápvov, nucleus; uttoc, a thread]. In biology, the achromatin-threads forming the nuclear spindle in a dividing or active nucleus. 637 KATHODIC Karyomitoic (AEar-e-o-mit-o/-i/?) [kápvov, nucleus; Hiroſ, a thread]. Relating to karyomitosis. Karyomitoma (£ar-e-o-mit-o'-mah). See Cell-body. Karyomiton (Aar-e-om/-it-on). See Chromatin. Karyomitosis (kar-e-o-mit-o/-sis) [kápvov, nucleus; pirog, a thread]. The division or splitting of the nuclear mass of chromatin-fibers. Karyomitotic (kar-e-o-mit-of/-74) [kápvov, pirog, a thread]. Relating to karyomitosis. Karyoplasm (AEar/-e-o-plazm) [kápvov, a nut, kernel; Tââoua, anything formed]. In biology, the nuclear substance of a cell. See Chromatin. Karyoplasma (kar-e-o-plaz/-mah). Same as Karyo- plasm. Karyosoma (kar-e-o-so’-mah) [kápvov, nucleus; ačpla, a body, pl., Karyosomata]. A nuclear microsoma ; a round body resembling a nucleolus, contained in the segmentation-nucleus of the ovum. Karyostasis (AEar-e-os/-ta-sis) [kápvov, nucleus; otá- otg, a stoppage]. The resting-stage of nuclei of cells. It is opposed to karyokinesis. Karyostatic (Aar-e-o-stat'-i}) [kápvov, nucleus; oráotc, a stoppage]. Pertaining to karyostasis. Karyostenosis (£ar-e-o-ste-mo/-sis) [Kápvov, a nucleus; arevög, narrow ; otévéetv, to make narrow]. The sim- ple division of the nucleus of a cell. This process is called also ańinetic, or direct dºz/ision. Kassu (kas'-oo) [E. Ind.]. A black astringent sub- stance obtained from areca nuts, and used for the same purpose as true catechu. Kata- (£at/-ah-). For words thus beginning, and not found under K., see Cata-. Katabolergy (AEat-aē-o/-er-je). See Catabolergy. Katabolic (AEat-aē-o/-ić). See Catabolic. K. Nerves, thermo-excitory, as distinguished from anabolic, or thermo-inhibitory, nerves. Katabolism (AEat-ab/-o-ſizm). See Catabolism. Katacrotic (kat-ak-rot/-ić). Same as Catadicrotic. Katadicrotic (kat-ah-di-kroſ/-īā). See Catadicrotic. Katadicrotism (AEat-ad-ić/-rot-izm). See Catadicrotism. Katadidymus (Åat-ad-id’’-im-us). See Catadidymus. Katalepsy (AEat/-a/-ep-se). See Catalepsy. Katalysis (kat-a/-is-is). See Catalysis. Katantostomus (Åat-am-to-sto/-mus). See Catantosto- %22/S. Katanturaniscus (Åat-an-tūr-an-is/-kus). turamiscus. Katanturanus (kat-an-tūr'-an-us). See Catanturamus. Kataplasm (AEat/-ap-lazm). See Poultice. Katastate (Äat/-as-tät). See Catastate. Katatonia %; -ne-ah). See Catatonia. Katelectrotonic (AEat-el-ek-tro-ton/-ić). See Catelectro- nucleus; See Catan- tonic. K. Zone. See Zone. Katelectrotonus (Åat-e/-eč-trotº-o-mus). See Catelec- 27°ofo/22/S. Katharophore (AEath-ar/-o-for) [Kaffapác, clean ; popéety, to carry]. An instrument for cleansing the urethra. Katharsis (AEath-ar'-sis). See Catharsis. Kathetometer (AEath-et-om/-et-er) [Kará, against; uét- pov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the level of fluids. Kathion (£ath/-e-on). See Cation. Kathode (£ath/-äd) [Kará, down; 666c, path]. The negative pole of a galvanic battery. - Kathodic (kath-od/-ié) [Katá, down; 66óg, path]. Pertaining to the kathode or negative pole of a galvanic battery. In biology, turned in the opposite direction to that of the genetic spiral. K. Closure-contraction, the muscular contraction occurring when the circuit is closed with the rheophore on a motor point. K. Opening-contraction, the muscular contraction that occurs when the circuit is opened. KATIN Katin (Åat'-in) [Ar., Kat, Æhat, khat]. An alkaloid found in Catha edulis, with properties somewhat like those of caffein. Kation (AEat/-e-on). See Cation and Electrolysis. Katostomus (Åat-os/-to-mus). See Catostomus. - Katouraniscus (Åat-o-º/-ran-is/-kus). See Catouram- 2SC2/S. Katouranus (Åat-o-u/-ran-us). Kauri (AEow/-re). Cowdie-gum. Kava, or Kava-kava(kah/-vah)[Hawaiian]. Ava-kava, The root and also the resin of Piper methysticum,ashrub native to South America and the South Sea Islands. It is a diuretic and motor depressant, producing in- toxication when taken in large doses. In small and moderate doses it resembles coca in its action in allay- ing fatigue. Dose of the fluid extract 3 ss—j. Unof. Kavain (AEa/-va-in) [Hawaiian, Aava]. A neutral sub- stance obtained from the roots of kava-kava. Kavia, Kaviac, or Kaviar (Āav/-e-ah, Āav/-e-ak, Åav/- e-ār). See Caviar. Keasbey and Mattison's Food. A variety of Liebig’s food for infants. Its composition is: Water 27.95; fat, none; grape-sugar, 36.75; cane-sugar, 7.58; no starch ; soluble carbohydrates 7 I.50; no albuminoids; ash, O.93. Keber's Corpuscles. Oval or lens-shaped bodies present in the ova of fresh-water mussels. Keel (AEel) [AS., ceòl, a ship]. In biology, a projecting ridge on a surface, as the two anterior petals of a pap- ilionaceous corolla, or the crest of the breast-bone. Keen's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Keeper (Åe/-per). See Armature. - Keere nugra. Synonym of Madura Foot. Kefir (AEa/-fer). See Asſyr. Kefyr (ka/-fer) [Caucasian]. A nutritious substance obtained by a peculiar fermentation of cows' milk pro- duced by certain fungi. K.-seed, a substance con- taining the ferment (Bacillus caucasicus) of kefyr. It is used in preparing the genuine kefyr. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Kehrer's Operation. See Cesarean Operation, in Opera- tions, 7able of Keimplasm, Keimplasma (Āim/-plazm, Kim/-plaz- ma/) [Ger., Keim, germ, bud; Thäopa, plasm]. Weissmann's term for the hereditary transmission of a nuclear matter or germ-plasm that he believes to be passed on from generation to generation without altera- tion. See Germ-plasm. Kelectome (Ae/-/e/-täm) [khºm, a tumor; Šk, out; Téuvely, to cut]. A cutting instrument introduced in- to a tumor, by means of a cannula, in order to obtain a part of the substance for examination. Kelis (Ae/-/is) [km?fc, spot: //, Aelides]. I. The same as morphea or scleroderma. 2. See ſeloid. Kellgrenism (Æe/-gren-izm) [after J. H. Kellgren, 1889]. A system of charlatanry that professes to cure disease by manipulation, which leads to the dis- charge of a “broach '' of gaseous matter passing from the patient through the operator. Kellin (Ae/-īn). A glucosid from the fruit of Ammi visnaga. It is said to affect the respiration and the pulse, and to have a paralyzant effect upon the lower extremities. Kellner's Ocular, or Eye-piece. See Ocular. Keloid (Ae/-/oid) [xm2%, a claw; eldoc, likeness]... Che- loid; Alibert's Keloid; Kelis. A term applied to an overgrowth of scar-tissue, and also to fibrous out- growths of the skin of a similar character, apparently spontaneous in origin, though many of them are traceable to comparatively trifling lesions of the skin. This is a rather rare disease, and affects the colored See Cañozeranzas. Same as Cozva'ie. K. Gum. See 638 KERATECTASIA races more than the white. It is commonest in mid- dle age ; its favorite sites are the sternum, shoulders, and neck. The lesion is crab-like in appearance, hence its name. K. of Addison, forms contractions of the skin and fasciae, giving a hide-bound look to the part. It arises spontaneously at the sites of cicatrices and other injuries to the skin. See Diseases, Zable of Kelology (Áe-lo/-o-je) [kſºn, hernia; Wóyoç, science]. The science of hernias. Kelotomy (AEe-lot/-o-me). tomy. Kelp [origin obscure]. I. Burnt sea-weed, from which iodin is obtained. 2. The Aucaceae laminariæ and other large sea-weeds. - Kelvin (Ae/-vin) [in honor of Lord Kelvin]. A com- mercial unit of electricity; one thousand watt-hours. Kemperdick's Apparatus. An apparatus for reducing the temperature in fever. It consists of a rubber bag to be introduced into the rectum having an entrance- tube and an exit-tube, thus permitting a continuous flow of water. . Kempherid (kem/-fer-id) [after Kampfer, a German traveler], CigH12O6. A yellow, crystalline body ob- tained from the resin of Åaempferia galanga. Kenogenesis (Åen-o-jen/-es-is) [Kev6c, empty; yévèqug, genesis]. Evolution of forms not true to the parental type, but variously adapted or modified. A vitiated individual development in which the phylogenetic evo- lution is not truly epitomized. - Kenogenetic (Aen-o-jen-el/-ić) [Kevóg, empty; yévêqug, generation]. In biology, having a vitiated germ- history. - Kenogeny (kem-oj/-en-e). See Kenogenesis. Kenophobia (Aen-o-fo/-be-ah) [Kevóg, empty; pá90ſ, fear]. The morbid fear of open spaces or places. Same as Agoraphobia. Kenosis (Åen-o’-sis). See Cenosis. Kenospudia (Aen-o-spu'-de-ah). See Cenospudia. Kentish Ointment. The compound resin-ointment made by adding one dram of turpentine to each ounce of the ordinary resin-ointment. It is a useful stimulat- ing application to severe burns. Kentrokinesis (Áen-tro-kin-e'-sis) [kévrpov, center, spur; kivmouc, motion]. The influence of any motor nerve- center; excito-motor action. Kentucky Coffee-bean. See Chicot. Kephalic (kef-a/-ä) [keſponſ, head]. See Cephalic. K. Acid. An acid described by Thudichum as existing in brain-tissue. Kephalin (Åef/-al-in). See Cephalin. Kephalograph (kef/-al-o-graf). See Cephalograph. Kephalometer (Åef-al-om/-et-er). See Cephalometer. Kephalo-phosphoric Acid (Áef’-a/-o-fosſor/-ić). See Acid. Kephalyl (Åef/-a/-ä) [Kepa?, head; Wm, matter, prin- ciple]. The radicle of kephalic acid. Kephyr (Āa/-fer). See Keſyr. Keracele (Aer/-as-el) [képaç, horn; KffWm, tumor]. A horny tumor on the hoof of horses. Keraphyllocele (Aer-aſ-i/-0-sel) [képaç, horn; pºov, leaf; káàm, tumor]. A horny growth between the covering of the horse's hoof and the deeper tissues. Keraphyllous (Aer-aſ-i/-us) [Icépag, horn; púAAov, leaf J. Composed of horny layers. Kerasene, or Kerasin (£er/-as-an or Aer/-as-in) [képaç, horn], Cisſion NOg. A nitrogenous substance; one of the cerebrins obtained from brain-substance. Keratalgia (Aer-at-a/-je-ah) [Képaç, cornea; &Wyoç, pain]. Pain in the cornea. Keratectasia (£er-at-eſº-ta/-se-ah) [képaç, horn, cornea; Škraotg, extension]. The forward protrusion or bulging of the cornea. A bulging forward of the deeper layers See Celotomy and Hermio- KERATECTOMY of the cornea, after loss of the superficial lamina. It differs from staphyloma in the absence of perforation, and in the non-involvement of the iris. Keratectomy (Aer-at-ek/-to-me) [cépag, horn, cornea; &KTouń, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a part of the cornea. Keratiasis (£er-at-i/-as-is) [ſcépag, horn]. A morbid condition characterized by the growth of horny excres- CCI) CeS. Keratic (ker-at'-ié) [képaç, horn]. Keratin (Aer'-at-in) [képaç, horn]. The basis of horny tissues, hair, nails, feathers, etc. It is a mixture of various complex substances. Decomposed, it yields leucin and tyrosin. It is used in pharmacy. Keratinian (Aer-at-in/-e-am) [képaç, horn]. to keratin or to the cornea. Keratinization (Aer-at-in-iz-a/-shun) [képaç, horn]. I. The development of a horny quality in a tissue. 2. The coating of pills with keratin. Keratitis (Aer-a/-ä’-tis) [képaç, cornea; truç, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the cornea. K., Asthenic. See A., A'hlyctenzular. K., Astigmatic, a form of keratitis said to be due to uncorrected astigmatism. K. bullosa, the formation of large or small blebs upon the cornea of an eye, the seat of iridocyclitis, inter- stitial keratitis, or glaucoma. K., Circumscribed, limited to a part of the cornea. contagious, Suppurative variety occurring in cattle. K., Cretaceous, a calcareous infiltration of the cor- neal epithelium. K., Deep. See A. profunda. K., Diffuse. See K., Interstitial. . K., Dotted. See A. punctata. K., Fascicular, a form of phlyctenular keratitis in which one of the ulcers, originally formed at the margin of the cornea, creeps across its sur- face, followed by a leash of distended blood-vessels. K., Granular, due to conjunctival granulations; pannus. K., Herpetic, characterized by the forma- tion of small vesicles on the cornea, which ulcerate and then heal. Relapses are common. K., Hypo- pyon, an ulcerative form accompanied by the forma- tion of pus in the anterior chamber. K., Inherited. See A., Interstitial. K., Interstitial, a form of keratitis in which the entire cornea is invested with a diffuse haziness, almost completely hiding the iris. The surface of the cornea presents a ground-glass appearance. Later, from ciliary injection, blood-ves- sels form in the Superficial layers of the cornea, and produce a dull-red color, the “salmon patch' of Hutchinson. The entire cornea may become cherry- red. The disease is most frequent between the ages of five and fifteen, and occurs in syphilitic individ- uals. K. maculosa. See A. superficialis punc- taſa. K., Marginal, a form of phlyctenular keratitis in which the phlyctenules are arranged around the margin of the cornea. K. marginalis, a rare form of keratitis that must not be confounded with the marginal form of phlyctenular keratitis. It occurs in elderly people, and consists of a yellowish-gray zone of opacity immediately joining the sclera, which pushes into the clear cornea and occupies about one-half the circumference. K. neuroparalytica, keratitis fol- lowing paralysis of the fifth nerve. It does not usually occur in partial paralysis of the nerve. Its cause is loss of trophic influence, aided by mechanical irritation and drying of the cornea. K. of Reapers, a traumatic form due to irritation of the corneae of reapers by beards of grain. K. pannosa, a superfi- cial form in which blood-vessels develop beneath and in the epithelium. The latter undergoes hyperplasia and becomes in part opaque. K., Parenchymatous. See K., Interstitial. K., Phlegmonous. See K. £urulenta, K., Phlyctenular, a disease of the eye Horny. Relating 639 K. contagiosa, a KERATO DERMATITIS characterized by the formation upon some portion of the cornea of small papules or pustules, often asso- ciated with the formation of a similar lesion upon the conjunctiva. It is marked by much local congestion, lacrymation, and intense photophobia. The papules may develop into ulcers. K. profunda, an unusual form of keratitis characterized by the formation of a gray opacity in the center of the cornea, covered by superficial and stippled corneal layers. K. punctata. I. A secondary affection of the cornea in association with affections of the iris, choroid, and vitreous. It is characterized by the formation of opaque dots, gener- ally arranged in a triangular manner upon the poste- rior elastic lamina of the cornea. It is sometimes des- ignated as Descemetitis. 2. Also a term given to an inflammatory affection of the cornea in which isolated white spots appear in Descemet's membrane, sur- rounded by cloudy areas. It occurs in children before puberty, and is probably syphilitic. K. purulenta, accompanied by the formation of pus. K., Pustular. See A., Phlyctenular. K., Rheumatic, occurring in a rheumatic subject. K., Ribbon-like, a name applied to the formation of a transverse calcareous film on the cornea, especially in elderly people. It is usually symmetric, and occurs chiefly in men of the gouty diathesis. K. scrofulosa. See A., Znterstițial. K., Secondary, due to disease of other parts. K., Spe- cific. See A., Interstitial. K., Strumous. See AT, A/lyctenular, and A., Interstițial. K. subepithelialis centralis. See A szépez'ſºcialis puzzczała. K. su- perficialis punctata, a disease of the cornea asso- ciated with severe conjunctivitis and with catarrh of the respiratory tract. In two or three days punctiform or linear spots appear immediately beneath the epithe- lium, the overlying conjunctiva being slightly hazy. It is also called A. subepithelialis centralis, and Å. macu- Zosa. K. suppurativa. See A. puru/en/a. K., Sympathetic, that following inflammation of the other eye. K., Syphilitic. See A., Interstițial. K. taenulosa. See A., Phlyctenular. K., Trach- omatous. See Pannus, K., Traumatic, that conse- quent upon wounds or other injury of the cornea. K. ulcerosa, a form in which one or more ulcers involv- ing part of the cornea are present. K. variolosa, that occurring in smallpox. It is purulent and often arises from a corneal pustule. K., Vascular, a superficial vascularity of the cornea occurring in pannus, etc. K., Vesicular. See K., Phlyctenular. Keratocele (Aer/-at-o-se/) [képaç, cornea; Khàm, tumor]. A hernia of Descemet's membrane through the cornea. Keratochromatosis (Åer-at-o-Aro-mat-o/-sis) [Kápac, horn; Aſpöua, color]. Discoloration of the cornea. Kerato-conjunctivitis (Áer/-at-o-Mºon-junk-fiz-i/-ſis) [képaç, horn, cornea; conjunctivus, connecting; trig, inflammation]. Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva. Kerato-conometer (Aer-at-o-Kºo-mom/-et-er) [képac, cornea ; kóvog, cone; puérpov, measure]. An instru- ment for estimating astigmatism by the images reflected from the cornea. Keratoconus (Åer-at-o-ko’-mus). See Keratoglobus. Keratode (Aer’-at-ad) [képaç, horn; eiðoç, like]. The horny substance composing the skeleton of certain Sponges. Keratodeocele (£er-at-od”-e-o-seº). See Aeratocele. Keratodeonyxis (Áer-at-od-e-o-nićs/-is). See Kerat- orzyzes, Keratoderma (£er-at-o-der/-mah) [képaç, horn; 68pua, Skin]. I. The cornea. 2. A horny condition of the skin, Keratodermatitis (Áer-at-o-der-mat-i/-tis) [képaç, horn; Öépua, skin; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the keratoderma; keratitis. - KERATODERMATOCELE Keratodermatocele (£er/-at-o-der-mat/-o-sel) [képac, horn; 6éppa, skin; kážm, tumor]. See Keratocele. Keratodermatomalacia (Aer/-at-o-der-mat-o-mal-a/-se- a/) [Képac, horn; déppa, skin; pla/akia, softness]. Softening of the cornea. Keratodermatosis (£er-at-o-der-mat-o/-sis) [k ép a g, horn; 6&pua, skin; vöoog, disease]. A skin-affection characterized by alteration in the horny elements of the skin. - Keratodermia (Aer-at-o-der/-me-ah)[kspaç, horn; 6áppa, skin]. See Aeratoderma. K. erythematosa sym- metrica, tylosis of the soles and palms, in which the horny patches show a broken-up surface. Keratodermites (Aer-at-o-der-mi/-tez) [képaç, horn; Öépua, skin; trug, inflammation]. A group of in- flammatory scaly skin-affections. Keratogenous (Åer-at-o/-en-us) [képaç, horn; yewvāv, to beget]. Pertaining to the formation of horny growths. K. Membrane, that part of the skin or layer of corium that develops into nails, claws, and hoofs. Keratoglobus (Åer-at-o-glo/-bus) [képaç, cornea; globus, a ball]. Distention and protrusion of the cornea. The sclerotic may also become distended in severe cases. When so extensive as to prevent closure of the lids, it has been called buphthalmos. When the dis- tention is transparent, regular, and cone-shaped, the apex of the cone being the center of the cornea, it is called keratoconus, or conical cornea. When the pro- trusion is opaque, or connected with synechia of the iris, it is called staphyloma of the cornea, or anterior staphyloma. eye, with increased tension and uniform ectasia, it is called hydrophthalmos. Enlargement of the cornea is also called megalo-cornea. Keratoglossus (Åer'-at-o-glos/-us) [képaç, horn; yāāooa, tongue]. See Muscles, Table of Keratohyalin (ker/-at-o-hiſ-al-in) [képaç, horn; taxog, glass]. A peculiar substance occurring in granules in the deeper layers of the skin. These granules are in- soluble in ether, alcohol, and water, and are present in the process of cornification of the rete cells. See also Æleidia. Keratoid (Áer/-at-oid) [képaç, horn; elóog, like]. Hornlike. Kerato-iritis (ker/-at-o-i-ri'-tis) [képac, cornea; pig, iris; trug, inflammation]. Combined inflammation of the cornea and the iris. Keratoleukoma (Aer-at-o-lu-ko’-mah) [képaç, horn; Åevkóç, white: ž/., Aeratoleukomata]. A leukoma or whitish opacity of the cornea. Keratolysis (Aer-at-o/-is-is) [képaç, horn; Wüoug, solu- tion]. Deciduous skin; a curious and rare condition of the skin in which the latter, like the serpent’s, is cast off periodically, that of the limbs coming off like a glove or a stocking. Keratolytic (Aer-at-o-lif/-ä) [képaç, horn; %aug, solu- tion]. Pertaining to keratolysis. Keratoma (Aer-at-o’-ma/ ) [képaç, horn ; 6p1a, tumor: pl. , Áeratomata]. I. See Callositas. 2. Congenital ichthyosis; the presence, dating from fetal life, of horny plates upon the integument. Keratomalacia (Aer-at-o-ma/-a/-se-ah) [képaç, cornea ; plažakia, softness]. A softening of the corneal tissue. - º Keratome (ker’-at-öm) [képaç, cornea; touff, a cutting]. A knife with a peculiar trowel-like blade, used for making the incision into the cornea in the operation of iridectomy. Keratometer (Aer-at-om/-et-er) [képac, cornea; Hérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the curves of the cornea. 640 ‘Keratonosis (Áer-at-on/-o-sis). When due to increase in the fluids of the KERAUNONEUROSIS Keratomycosis (Åer-at-o-mi-ko/-sis) [képaç, cornea; patrºng, fungus]. A fungoid growth of the cornea, or the diseased condition there with associated. K. aspergillina, a form characterized by the presence of Aspergillus glaucus. Keratoncus (Åer-at-ong/-kus) [képaç, horn; 6)Koç, a tumor]. Any horny tumor. - See Aeratosis. Keratonyxis (ker-at-o-nićs/-īs) [képaç, cornea; višić, needling]. The needling of a soft cataract by punc- ture through the cornea; also, the old operation of couching a cataract with the needle. , Keratoplasia (Aer-at-o-pla/-ze-ah) [képac, horn; Tââo- delv, to form]. The reparative renewal of the horny layer of the skin. Keratoplastic (Aer-at-o-plas/-tié) [képaç, horn; tāaott- Kóg, formed]. Pertaining to keratoplasty. Keratoplasty (Áer/-at-o-plas-te) [képaç, cornea; Tháo- oeuv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the cornea, especially the transplantation of a button or excised portion of cornea from the eye of a lower animal to that of man. This is effected by means of a peculiar trephine, with which the tissue to be transplanted is removed from the animal’s eye and the place for its reception is made in the human eye. The operation is sometimes called trephining the cornea. r Keratorrhexis (£er-at-or-eós/-īs) [képaç, horn; b%ug, rupture]. Rupture of the cornea, due to ulceration or traumatism. * > Keratoscleritis (£er-at-o-séle-ri/-tis) [képac, cornea; ok%mpóg, hard; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cornea and the sclera. Keratoscope (Aer/-at-o-sköp) [képaç, cornea; orcorreiv, to observe]. An instrument for examining the cornea, and testing the symmetry of its meridians of curvature. Keratoscopy (Áer-at-os/-ko-pe) [képaç, cornea; okotreiv, to observe]. Examination of the cornea. See Retin- oscopy. - Keratose (Aer’-at-ös) [képaç, horn], Horny. Keratosis (ker-at-o'-sis) [képaç, horn; vógoſ, disease]. Any one of a class of skin-diseases characterized by thickened epidermis, and the presence of such callosities as horns, warts, etc. See Callosity. K. follicularis. See Darier’s ZXisease. K. obturans, a condition of the external auditory meatus due to desguamation of the epithelium, the mass being colored by cerumen and containing cholesterin-crystals, K. pilaris, Lichen pilaris; Lichen spinulosus; Pityriasis pilaris; a chronic affection of the skin marked by a pin-head-sized coni- cal elevation investing the hair-follicle, and somewhat resembling gooseflesh and ichthyosis. The skin be- comes dry and hard, and feels like a nutmeg-grater. The disease appears in workingmen who are uncleanly, and in scrofulous children, and it occurs chiefly on the thighs, arms, and forearms. K. senilis, a cornifica- tion of the skin of old people, general or partial, cir- cumscribed or diffuse, and often limited to certain defi- nite regions, as the face and dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet. The lesions consist of light or dark yellowish, brownish, or blackish points, dry, scaling, and horny, or scaling and greasy. These may become the seat of an epitheliomatous process. Keratotome (Aer/-at-o-tom). See Aeratome. Keratotomy (ker-at-of/-o-me) [képaç, cornea ; tāuvetv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the cornea. Keraunographic (ker-aw-no-graf’-ié) [Icepavvóg, light- ning; Ypápetv, to write]. Pertaining to the pictorial impressions of near objects sometimes seen upon the body of a person who has been struck by lightning. Keraunoneurosis (Aer-aw-mo-nu-ro/-sis) [kepavvóg, lightning; veipov, nerve; v6oog, disease]. Nervous. disease due to lightning-stroke. KERAUNOPHOBIA Keraunophobia (Aer-aw-no-fo/-be-ah) [kepavvóg, light- ning; pá80ç, dread]. Morbid dread of lightning; astrapaphobia. Kerectasia (Aer-ek-ta/-se-ah). See Aeratectasia. Kerectomy (AEer-e/-to-me). See Keratectomy. Kerion, or Kerium (Æe/-re-on or Æe/-re-um) [kmptov, honey-comb favus]. Same as Aſavus. Kerkring, Valves of. See Valve. Kermes (£er/-mez) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. A red dye-stuff, made up of the dried females of Coccus ilicis, an insect not unlike cochineal, found on oak-trees in the Orient. K. Mineral, a mixture of the teroxid and tersulphid of antimony, formerly much used in medicine. It is also called red antimony. Kermesine (ker/-méz-in) [Pers., qirmiz, Pertaining to kermes. Kermesite (£er/-mez-it) [Pers., girmiz, crimson]. The native oxysulphid of antimony. Kermisin (Aer/-miz-in) [Pers., qirmiz, Carmin-red. Kernel (Aer/-me/) [ME., Airmel, a little corn or grain]. I. The popular name for the pancreas or sweetbread of animals. 2. The bundle of fat on the fore-shoulder; any swelling or mass of flesh. 3. A nucleus. 4. In the plural, a popular term for enlarged lymphatic glands. 5. In biology, the edible portion of a drupe or an entire seed. Keroid (Áer/-oid) [képaç, horn; eiðog, like]. Kerosene (Aer’-o-sen). See Burning oil. Kerosolene (ker/-o-so-ſen) [kmpóg, wax; oleum, oil]. A colorless, volatile liquid distilled from coal-oil. It boils at 58° C. and has been used as a local anesthetic. Unof. Kessel's Operation. See Operations, Table of Ketin (ket/-in), CsPIsN. I. An oily substance, boil- ing between 170° and 180° C. 2. A member of a ho- mologous series, CnH2n — 4N, produced by the action of sodium (or tin) and hydrochloric acid on nitroso- acetone and its homologues. Diethylketin, Clo His- N, is an oily substance, boiling at from 215° to 217° C. ; it is formed by the reduction of nitrosoethyl- acetone. Dimethylketin is a crystalline solid, soluble in ether, fusing at 87°C., and produced by the reduction of nitrosomethylacetone. Dipropyl- ketin, C12H26N2, is an oily substance, boiling between 235° and 240° C., and formed in the reduction of nitrosopropylacetone. Ketols (£e/-to/3). In chemistry, ketone-alcohols, con- taining both the ketone and alcohol groups. Ketone (Ae/-tän) [an arbitrary variation of acetone]. In chemistry, an organic compound consisting of the unsaturated radicle =C=O united to two alcohol radicles. It may be considered as a derivative of Secondary alcohols, bearing the same relation to them as the aldehyds bear to the primary alcohols. The ketones are compounds in which two hydrogen atoms of an intermediate carbon atom are replaced by one atom of oxygen. They are generally volatile liquids, of ethereal odor, insoluble in water. They are the products of the oxidation of the secondary alcohols, or of the union of carboxyl, CO, with two alkyl atOmS. Ketonic (ke-on/-ić) [Aetone]. Pertaining to ketone. Ketoses (Áe-toº-ses). In chemistry, a generic name applied to the ketone alcohols, CO.CH, OH. Ketoxims (Åe-toks/-imz). Same as Acetoxims. Kettle (ket/-/) [ME., &etel, a kettle]. A vessel made of metal, used for heating liquids. K., Bronchitis. See A , Croup. . K., Croup, a contrivance for the inhala- tion of heated moist air, which may be medicated. Shaw's croup-kettle consists of an alcohol-lamp and a vessel fitted with a long tube, by means of which the crimson]. crimson]. Horny. 641 KIDNEY steam is directed downward when the mouth-piece is introduced far back into the mouth. Key (Ae) [ME., Keye, key]. An instrument for opening or fastening a lock. K.-forceps, Elliot's ; two in- struments are so called, the one having beaks of for- ceps and the handle of a key, for the extraction of teeth; the other is designed for the extraction of roots. of teeth that present but one side above the alveolus. They are now but little used. K. of Garengeot, an instrument for the extraction of teeth, composed of a shank with a movable clasp and a cross-bar. The clasp is applied to the inner surface of the tooth, and the extraction is accomplished by turning the handle. K., Tooth. See A. of Garengeot. Key and Retzius, Foramina of. Two foramina at the extremities of the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle behind the upper roots of the glosso-pharyn- geal nerves. They connect the cisterna magna with the fourth ventricle. Kiafer (Ai’-of-er). See Aeſir. Kibbie's Method. See Treatment, Methods of: Kibe (kib). See Chilblain. Kidinga pepo (Áid-in/-gah pe/-po) [African]. A name applied in Zanzibar to a disease resembling dengue. Kidney (Aid/-ne) [ME., Aid, the belly; mere, kidney]. One of the two large glandular organs situated in the upper and posterior portion of the abdominal cavity, 1” Sº, §§§ º |\,\\\\ W \, , V * i tº i ''. *g f ſi LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH THE KIDNEY. (Tyson, after Henle.) 2". Boundary layer of medulla. 2'. Papillary portion of me- dulla. 3.3. Transverse section of tubules in boundary layer. 4. Fat of renal sinus. *. Transversely coursing meduliary rays. 5, .5. Artery. I’’. Labyrinth. I'. Medullary rays. 2. Medulla. I. Cortex. C. Renal calyx, U. Ureter. A. Branch of renal artery. and especially concerned in the elimination or excre- tion of water and nitrogenous matter. It consists 4I KIDNEY of an outer cortical substance, and an inner medullary substance. In biology, the term is applied to the “con- tractile vacuole'' of a protozoan, the “segmental organ ”or “nephridium ” of an annelid, the “glandu- lar organ ” of a nematode worm, the “Malpighian tubules'' and “shell-gland” of an arthropod, and the “organ of Bojanus” of a mollusc. K., Aching, a mild subacute nephritis characterized by pain, anemia, albuminuria, and irritability of the bladder, with ex- acerbations at menstrual periods. K., Amyloid, that of amyloid degeneration. K., Arterio-sclerotic, the small, sometimes granular organ characterized by arterio-sclerosis. K., Branny, applied to the bran- like appearance of the kidney seen in the early stages of chronic parenchymatous nephritis, due to fatty de- generation occurring in spots. K., Bright's Disease of. See Aright's Disease. K., Calices of, six to twelve membranous canals surrounding the papillae of the kid- ney, and opening into the three infundibulae. K., Cica- tricial, the final result of the so-called “surgical kid- mey.” It is produced by the absorption of the ab- º - z ſ % FOIDNEY Arterio-sclerotic, g. v. K., Granular. Same as K., Arterio-sclerotic, g. v. K., Head, the pronephron. K., Hilum of. See Hilum. K., Hobnail. Same as K., Artem io-sclerotic, g. v. K., Horseshoe, a con- genital deformity in which the two kidneys are joined together, generally at the lower, but occasionally at the upper end, by a connecting band, composed either of true renal substance or of firm fibrous tissue. K., Lardaceous. Same as K., Amyloid, g. v. K., Large Mottled, that of parenchymatous nephritis, mottled with gray patches. K., Large Red, the kidney of Bright's Disease extravasated with blood. K., Large White, one affected with lardaceous de- generation ; also, that of the advanced stage of chronic parenchymatous nephritis, K., Microcystic, . one containing many small cysts. K., Movable. See K., Floating. K. of Pregnancy, is described as an anemic kidney with fatty infiltration of the epithelial cells, but without any acute or chronic inflamma- tion, occurring in pregnant women. It is possibly due to a diminution of the blood-supply from tonic con- traction of the renal arteries, produced by the pres- ence of effete matter in the blood. Albumin is found in the urine. K., Palpable. See A., Floating. K., Pelvis of, the funnel-shaped expansion or dilated portion of the ureter formed by the junction of the infundibula. K., Pigback, a name proposed for the large congested kidney found in alcoholics. K.-plant, the Baccharis pilularis. K., Primordial, the meso- Bow MAN's CAPSULE AND GLOMERULUS. a. Vas afferens. e Vas efferens. c Capillary network of the cortex. k. Endothelium of the capsule. h. Origin of a con- DIAGRAM SHow ING THE RELATION BORNE BY THE BLOOD- vessels To THE TUBULES OF THE KIDNEY. The upper half corresponds to the cortical, the lower half to the medullary part of the organ. The plain tubes are shown separately on the right, and the vessels on the left. The darkly shaded arteries send off, straight branches to the pyramids and larger interlobular branches to the glomeruli, the efferent vessels of which form the plexus around the convoluted tubes. scesses and the formation of cicatrices, and by the still further contraction of the increased interstitial tissue. The kidney is small, irregular, and fibrous. K., Cir- rhotic. Same as K., Arterio-sclerotic, 7. v. K., Contracted. Same as Ā., Arterio-sclerotic, g. v. K., Embolic Contracted, one the seat of a scar the result of an infarct. K., Fatty, one the seat of extensive fatty degeneration. K., Floating, one susceptible of displacement over a considerable extent of the abdomen. This condition is more frequent in females, and in the majority of cases is situated on the right side. It has been sug- gested that the term “floating kidney’ be reserved for those cases in which a distinct mesonephron is present, and that all other cases be designated by the term “movable kidney.” K., Gouty. Same as K., voluted tubule. (Landois.) nephron. K., Red Contracted. Same as K., Arterio- sclerotic, g. v. K.-root, the root and lower part of the stem of Aaccharis pilularis; used in cystitis. Unof. K., Scrofulous, one affected with tuberculous dis- ease, in which the kidney-substance is largely de- stroyed, nothing being left but a sac with thickened fibrous walls, filled with a yellow creamy or putty-like material containing fatty masses, cholesterin, tubercu- lous débris, and occasionally calcareous matter. K., Sigmoid, a congenital anomaly intermediate between the horseshoe form and complete fusion. K., Small Red Granular. Same as Ā., Arterio-sclerotic, g. v. K., Small White, the final stage of the large white kidney after loss of its substance from atrophy or de- generation. K., Spotted. Same as K., Zarge Mot- Zied. K., Surgical, a name sometimes given to pyelo- nephritis, or distention of the kidney attended with inflammation, abscesses of the cortex, and retention of urine mixed with fetid pus. K., Syphilitic, one presenting either gummata or resulting Scars. |KIESTINE K., Unsymmetric, a term given by Rokitansky to a kidney that is normal in position and conformation, though occasionally rather enlarged, its fellow being deficient. K., Wandering. See A., A/oating. K., Waxy. Same as Ā., Amyloid. K.-worm. See Thread-worms and Parasites (Animal), Zable of. Kiestine (Ai-es/-tin). See Gravidin. K. Test. Gravidin Test. Kif [African]. ingredient of which is Cannabis indica. dreamy state induced by the use of hashish. Kilian's Line. See Zinés, Zable of K.’s Pelvis, a halisteretic pelvis; a pelvis the seat of osteomalacia. Killosis (Ail-o/-sis). Synonym of Sºrabismus. Kilogram (ki/-o-gram) [xiàtol, one thousand; Ypáppia, a gram.]. One thousand grams, or 2.2 pounds avoir- dupois. Kilogrammeter (Āi/-o-gram-et/-er) [x{Atol, one thou- sand ; ypáuſta, gram ; piétpov, a measure]. A term denoting the energy required to raise one kilogram one meter in height; equivalent to 7.233 foot-pounds. Kiloliter (Ai/-o-le-ter) [xiàtol, thousand; Aitpa, a liter]. One thousand liters, or 35.31 cubic feet. Kilometer (Ai/-o-me-ter) [xiàtol, thousand ; ſtáTpov, measure]. One thousand meters, or Io93.6 yards. Kilostere (ki/-o-ster) [x{Atol, thousand; otépećg, solid]. One thousand cubic meters. Kilowatt (Aiſ/-o-wot) [xiàtol, thousand ; wate]. One thousand watts of electricity; same as the Æe/vin. Kin [ME., Ain, kin]. Race; family; breed ; kind; relationship. - Kina, or Kino-kina (ki/-mah or ki/-no-ki/-nah). chona bark, Q. v. Kinaesthesia (Ain-es-theſ-ze-ah). See Kinesthesia. Kincough, or Kinkcough (Ain'-Aof or Åing/-kof). Synonym of Whooping-cough. . Kinematic (kin-em-at'-ić) [kivmua, a motion]. Pertain- ing to Æinematics. - Kinematics (Ain-em-at'-ićs) [civnua, a motion]. The science of motion without reference to its origin or effects. . Kinepock (žin/-poé). Synonym of Vaccinia, 7. v. Kinesalgia (Ain-es-a/-je-ah) [kivmatc, movement; àWyog, pain]. Local pain following upon muscular contraction. -- Kinesia (Kin-e/-ze-a/.) [kivmotç, movement]. Move- ment-cure; systematic use of motion for therapeutic or hygienic purposes. Kinesiatric (Ain-es-e-at/-rié) [kivmotç, movement; lat- pukóç, therapeutic]. Relating to kinesitherapy. Kinesiatrics (Ain-es-e-at'-riás). Same as Āinesitherapy. Kinesic (Ain-ez/-īk). See Aïnetic. Kinesiesthesiometer (Ain -ez-e -es - the - ge-on/-et-er) [kivmotç, movement; aioffmotç, perception ; uéTpov, measure]. An instrument devised by Hitzig for testing the muscular-sense. It consists of seventeen wooden balls of the same diameter, but of different weights. Kinesiology (kin-es-e-o/-o-je) [kivmouc, motion; 26).og, discourse]. The science of movements, considered especially as therapeutic or hygienic agencies. Kinesiometer (Ain-es-e-om/-et-er) [kivmouc, motion; plétpov, measure]. An instrument for determining quantitatively the motion of a part. Kinesioneurosis (Ain-es-e-o-nu-ro/-sis) [kivmotç, move- ment; veipov, a nerve; v6ooç, disease]. Functional abnormalism of the motor centers or nerves. Kinesionosos (Ain-es-e-on/-o-sos) [kivmouc, movement; vögog, disease]. Any disease marked by impairment of the power of motion. Kinesiotherapy (Ain-es-e-o-ther/-ap-e) [kivmotç, move- ment; flepatreia, therapy]. The treatment of disease by systematic active or passive movements. See An Algerian mixture, the principal Also, the Cin- 643 KINO Kinesipathic (Ain-es-ip-a/h/-ié) [kivmatſ, motion; Tráffog, disease]. Pertaining to kinesipathy. Kinesipathist (Ain-es-iº/-ath-ist) [kivma/g, motion ; Tábog, disease]. One who practises the gymnastic treatment of disease. - - Kinesipathy (Ain-es-ip/-ath-e) [kivmatc, motion; Traffog, disease]. I. Kinesionosos. 2. (Incorrectly) kinesi- therapy. Kinesis (Ain-e'-sis) [kivmatc., motion]. The general term for all the physical forms of energy, as opposed to Meta/sinesis, a term intended to express the psycho- logic exhibition of coördinates or correlates of kinesis. According to a monistic conception of the universe, both are the double aspects of one underlying reality. Kinesitherapy (Ain-es-e-ther/-ap-e) [kiv/aug, motion; 6epaireia, care, cure]. See Swedish Aſſovements. Kinesodic (Ain-es-od/-ić). [Rivmotç, motion ; 600g, way]. Pertaining to those nerve-fibers conveying motor in- fluences. Also, the motor tracts of the nerve-system. Kinesotherapy (Ain-es-o-ther'-ap-e). Same as Ālnesi- therapy. Kinesthesia Ain-ez-the'-ze-a/h). Same as Āines/hesis. Kinesthesis (Ain-es-theſ-sis) [krvéetv, to move; aiothoac, sensation]. That quality of sensations whereby one is aware of one’s positions and movements, especially those of the automatic type; it is distinct from the muscular sense. Kinesthetic (Ain-es-theº/-ić) [Kavéetv, to move ; alat/ac, sensation.] Relating to kinesthesia. Kinetia (Ain-e'-she-a/) [kivma:g, motion]. A term ap- plied to all forms of motion-sickness. It includes such disorders as sea-sickness and car-sickness. Kinetic (Ain-et/-ä) [Kamrukóg, producing motion]. That which produces motion. Pertaining to those forces that produce motion. Kinetics (Ain-et/-īās) [ktv/Takóg, producing motion]. The science of force as developing motion. Kinetogenesis (Ain-et-o-jen/-es-is) [klveiv, to move ; yévegaç, origin]. In biology, the origin of animal structures, either directly or indirectly through move- ImentS. - Kinetogenetic (Ain-et-o-jen-et/-ić) [kivmatſ, motion ; yévêqug, genesis]. Of the nature of or pertaining to kinetogenesis. Kinetogenetically (Ain-et-o-jen-et/-ić-a/-e) [Raveir, to move; yéveatſ, production]. In biology, originating through movement. Kinetogeny (Ain-et-oj/-en-e) [Rav/Tóg, verbal adj. of Rively, to move; yelºg, producing]. In biology, ap- plied to the agency of that energy developed in the motions of organisms and their parts, in the modifica- tion of the forms and proportions of their hard parts. King's Blue. Same as Smalls. K.'s Evil, a name formerly popularly applied to scrofula, on account of a belief that it could be cured by the touch of the king. K.'s Yellow. See Orpiment, and Pigments, Con- spectus of Kinic Acid (Áin/-ić). See Acid, Quinic. Kink (žing?) [D., Aiméen, cough]. I. The whoop in whooping-cough. 2. A synonym of whooping-cough. 3. A flexion or a twist, K.—cough, a synonym of whooping-cough. K.-host, a synonym of whooping- cough. See Pertussis. Kino (Ai’-mo) [E. Ind.]. The inspissated juice of A ferocarpus marsupium, found in India, and similar in action to tannic acid ; it is used mainly as a constit- uent of gargles and diarrhea-mixtures. K., Tinct., Io per cent. of the drug. Dose mix–3 ii. K., Pulv., Comp. (B.P.), kino I5, opium I, cinnamon 4. Dose gr. v-xx. Various similar substances are called by this name. K., Jamaica, is produced by the tree Coccoloba unifera. See Coccoloba. K., Australian, is KINOIC ACID obtained from various species of Eucalyptus. K., Butea, from Butea frondosa. K.-red. See Aſimoic Acid. K.-tannic Acid, a variety of tannic acid found in kino. Kinoic Acid (Ain-o’-ić), [E. Ind., Aino], C.s H.Ou. A red, amorphous substance, a derivative of kinoin. Kinoïn (£i-mo/-in) [E. Ind., Aino], Cli H12O6. A ma- terial derived from Kino, slightly soluble in water and in alcohol. Kinometer (Ain-om/-et-er) [klvéetv, to put in motion; Métpov, measure]. An instrument to measure the amount of displacement of the uterus in case of tumor or cellular inflammation of the pelvis. Kinone (Ain'-àn). See Quinone. Kinovin (%in/-o-win). See Quinovin. Kionitis (ki-on-º’-ſis). Same as Staphylitis. Kionorrhaphy (Ai-on-or/-a/-e). Same as Staphylor- rhaphy. Kiotome (Ai’-o-tom) [Kiow, the uvula; Touág, cutting]. An instrument for amputating the uvula, or for divid- ing strictures of the bladder or rectum. Kipp's Apparatus. An apparatus for generating sul- phuretted hydrogen by acting upon sulphid of iron with H,SO,. ." Kips (Áips). See Hides. Kirchhoff’s Laws. See Zazy. Zines, Zable of Kirchner's Experiment. See Experimentum mira- ðile. K., Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of g Kirkland’s Cerate. A cerate composed of lead- plaster, I6 parts; olive-oil, chalk, and vinegar, each 8 parts; Goulard's extract, I part. It is used in the same conditions as is Goulard's cerate. Kirschley Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. Kirschwasser (Airsh’-vos-er) [Ger.]. A spiritous liquor obtained in Germany and Switzerland by the distilla- tion of cherries. It is colorless, of agreeable odor and flavor, which improves by keeping, and is equal in strength to the strongest spirit; it is called, also, Spiritus cerasorum. Kisch's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Kissing Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Kissingen Salts (i. -ing-en) [Ger.]. Effervescing salts from the mineral springs of Kissingen. K. Water, a laxative tonic mineral-water of Bavaria. Kistotome (Ais/-to-tam). See Cystoſome. Kite-tail Plug. A tampon used in controlling uterine hemorrhage. It is made by tying rolls of cotton to a string at intervals, the whole resembling a kite-tail. Kitsune-tsuki (Ait/-sån-tsu/-ä) [Jap.]. A Japanese form of zoanthropy, or neuropathic delirium, in which the patient (usually a woman or child) believes her- self inhabited by a living fox, cat, or badger. Kiwisch's Method. A method of inducing premature labor by injections of hot water into the vagina. Kjeldahl’s Method. See Witrogen. Klaerophthalmus (Ä/är-off-tha/-mus). foºto/2. Klang [Ger.]. See Złmbre. Klaprothium (Alap-ro'-the-um). Same as Cadmium, q.v. Klastoplast (Alas/-to-plast) [khao Tóg, broken; Tââogetv, to form]. A cell formed by the partial segmentation of the ovum of Ceſ/a/opoda. Klatsch-preparation (4/otch-fre/-ar-a/-shun) [Ger., AZatschpräparaſ). A cover-glass preparation made by pressing the cover-glass lightly on a bacterial col- ony in plate-culture. Kleidarthrocace (Alid-ar-thro/-as-e) [k?etc, clavicle; ăp{}oov, joint; kákm, evil]. Spontaneous luxation of the clavicle. Klein’s Fluid. See Stains, Table of. Kleinenberg's Fibers. The primary form of nerve, of K.’s Lines. See See Embryo- 644 KNIES AND WEBER’S THEORY solely internuncial function. K.’s Hematoxylin Solutions. See Stains, Zable of Kleinhovia (Alin-ho’-we-ah) [after KZeinhof, director of the Botanic Gardens at Batavia, Java]. A genus of sterculiaceous trees. K. hospita, a plant belong- ing to the Helictereae, found in the islands of the Indian Ocean. The leaves have been used to darken the cornea; their juice causes itching. Unof. Kleistian Jar (Alis’-te-an). Same as Zeyden /ar. Klemperer's Method. A method of ascertaining the condition of gastric peristalsis. It consists in the in- troduction, by the tube, into the empty stomach of Ioo grams of olive-oil, and removing by aspirating with water what remains after two hours. As oil is not absorbed from the stomach, the difference between the amount introduced and that withdrawn indicates the activity of gastric peristalsis. The oil is taken up from the water with ether, and the ethereal solution placed in a bulb, the weight of which is known. The weight of the oil is calculated after evaporation of the ether. Kleptomania (Alep-to-ma/-ne-ah) [k%étrely, to steal; Havia, madness]. A form of emotional insanity mani- fested by a morbid desire to commit theft. It is Sometimes accompanied by impaired intellect, and is often hereditary. - Kleptophobia (Alep-to-fo'-be-ah) [k2.Éttetv, to steal; $630g, fear]. A morbid dread of thieves. Klopemania (%lop-e-ma/-ne-ah) [khoth, theft; pavía, madness]. Same as Kleptomania. Klopsophobia (Alop-so-ſo/-be-ah) [kWóip, thief; pogog, fear]. Insane dread of thieves. Same as Kleptophobia. Klumene (Alu'-men). Same as Acetylene. Knapp's Reagent. A reagent for the detection of Sugar in the urine. It consists of cyanid of mercury and an alkali. Knapweed (nap/-wed). See Centaurea. Kneading (ne/-ding) [ME., Ameden, to knead]. same as Pétrissage, g. v. See also Malaxation. Knee (me)|[ME., Ame, knee]. The articulation between the femur and the tibia. See also Gemu. K.-aching Disorder. Synonym of Dengue. K.-cap, the pa- tella. K.-chest Position. See Postures, Table of. K. of Corpus Callosum, the anterior extremity of the cor- pus callosum. See Genze. K.-elbow Position. See Aostures, Table of K. of Facial Nerve, the point at which the nucleus of its origin winds around that of the abducens nerve. K., Housemaid’s. See Ab- scess, Bursal. K., Hysteric, a painful functional affection of the knee-joint in hysteria. K., In. See Genu valgum. K. of Internal Capsule, the angle of junction of the anterior and posterior limbs of the in- ternal capsule. K.-jerk, Patellar Tendon-reflex, K.-reflex, or K.-phenomenon, a retraction of the quadriceps extensor femoris muscle as a result of a light blow on the patellar tendon. See also Åleſexes, Table of K.-joint, a hinge-joint consisting of the articulation of the condyles of the femur with the upper extremity of the tibia and the posterior surface of the patella. K.-joint Disease. See White Swelling. K., Knock. See Gezzzz. K., Lawn-tennis, an af- fection occurring in tennis-players, probably due to a contusion or laceration of the internal semilunar cartilage. K., Out. See Genza varum. K.-pan, the atella. Kneel (mel) [ME., Amelen, to kneel]. the knees. Kneeling (ne/-ing) [ME., Ame/em, to kneel]. ing upon the knees. K.-squatting Position. Postures, Table of. Knies and Weber's Theory. A theory as to the ori- gin of glaucoma. It claims that glaucoma is due to The To rest upon Rest- See RNIFE 645 retention of an excess of fluid in the eye, from closure of the canal leading through the pectinate ligament into Schlemm’s canal. Knife (miſ) [ME., Amiſ, knife]. An instrument for cutting. In surgery, knives are of various shapes and sizes, according to their use. K.-needle, a needle with a cutting edge, used in the discission of cataracts. Knitter's Cramp (mit/-erz Aramp). See Cramp. Knitting (mit/-ing) [ME., Amitten, to knit]. The union and becoming rigid of a fracture. Knob (nob) [ME., Anobbe, a knob.]. A protuberance. K.-root. See Collinsonia canadensis. Knock-knee (noż/-ne). See Genu valgum. Knoppern (Anop/-erm) [Ger.]. Galls from immature acorns of several species of oak, largely used in Aus- tria for tanning. They contain from twenty-eight to thirty-five per cent. of tannin. Knot (mot) [ME., Anotte, a knot]. An interlacement of ends or parts of one or more cords or threads so that they cannot be readily separated. K., Clove-hitch, a knot consisting of two single, contiguous loops, the º Z -- º ººza ºrzºzºzºzzzzzz… º.º.º.º.º. #º C *-*=A - S&º sº ºsº w & * * * * * * * * * * * * **, *. bºrrºs *A S.S.S. Sºº CLovE-HITCH KNOT. %22> º: º ſº.2% <23.2% ºfRâş Sº/Z2% ºzza tº 2%. S >\S$º ëN$ºš fºssº 㺠GRANNY KNOT. REEF, or SAILOR's KNOT. free ends toward each other. It is used for making extension in the reduction of dislocations. K., Double. Same as K., Friction. K., False. Same as K., Granny. K., Friction, one in which the ends are wound twice around each other before they are tied. K., Gerdy’s Extension, resembles the clove-hitch; it is employed in making extension of the leg at the ankle. K., Granny, a tie of a cord in which in the second loop the end of one cord is over, and the other under its fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the same line. This knot may easily be converted into a slip- knot. K.-grass : I. Arrhenatherum odoratum; 2. Avena elatior; 3. Hippuris vulgaris; 4. Illecebrum; 5. Polygonum; 6. Triticum repens. K., Hensen’s, a fixed point in the mammalian blastodermic vesicle at which the formation of the primitive axis and notochor- dal canal begins. It marks the anterior extremity of KOCH'S APPARATUS the primitive streak. K., Reef, a knot so formed that the ends come out alongside of the standing parts and the knot does not jam. It is also called Square Anot. K., Sailor's. Same as A., A’eef. K., Square. Same as Ā., AEeef. K., Staffordshire, a knot used in ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The ligature is passed through the pedicle, and withdrawn so as to leave a loop, which is passed over the tumor, and one of the free ends is then drawn through the loop; both ends are then passed through the pedicle, tightened, and tied. It is also called Tait's Anot. K., Stay, a term applied by Ballance and Edmunds, to a knot formed by two or more ligatures in the following way: On each ligature separately is made the first hitch of a reef-knot, which is tightened so that the loop lies in contact with the vessel, without constricting it; then taking the two ends on one side together in one hand, and the two ends on the other side in the other hand, the vessel is constricted sufficiently to occlude it, after which the reef-knot is completed. The simplest method of completing the knot is to treat the two ends in each hand as a single thread, and to tie them as if Sºzº * = -º sº- --- := zºzºWºº aſºs SURGEON’s KNOT. completing a single reef-knot. K., Surgical, a double knot made by passing the thread twice through the same loop. K., Tait's. See K., Staffordshire. K.- weed, Centaurea nigra. See also Collinsonia cana- densis. Knuckle (muk/-/) [ME., Knoke/, a knuckle or joint]. Any one of the joints of the phalanges with the meta- carpal bones or with each other; also a loop of in- testine. Knuckling (muk/-ling) [ME., Amokeſ, a knuckle or joint]. In farriery, a partial dislocation of the fetlock- joint, in which the relative position of the pastern- bone to the cannon and coronet bone is changed, the pastern becoming more nearly perpendicular, with the lower end of the cannon-bone resting behind the center line of the suffraginis, while the lower end of this bone rests behind the center line of the coronet. It is also called Cocked Ankles. Kobelt's Tubes. Blind tubes of the parovarium. Koch’s Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis. K., Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of KOCHIN K., Comma-bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of K.’s Dampfapparat. See K.’s Steam Appa- ratus. K.’s Eruption, an eruption simulating that of measles or, more rarely, that of Scarlet fever, and which occurs at times after the injection of tuberculin. K.'s Lymph. See Tuberculin. K.’s Method,or Koch- Ehrlich Method, for isolated staining of bacteria. See Stains, Zable of K.’s Method of Sterilization, a method of interrupted heating. The culture-media are heated for a short time daily for from three to five suc- cessive days. By means of a graduated water-bath temperatures suitable to the various media are main- tained. The method is eminently sure, and has not the injurious effects on the media that follow one prolonged heating. K.’s Plates, the casting and solidifying of liquefied inoculated culture-media in plates for the purpose of isolating colonies of micro- organisms. K.’s Rules rules formulated by Koch which must be complied with before a given micro- organism can be accepted as the cause of an infec- tious disease. I. The microörganism must be present in every case of the disease, and not in cases of other diseases. 2. It must be isolated and grown on arti- ficial media. 3. Its cultures when injected into an animal body must produce the disease in question. 4. The microörganism must again be found in the body in which the disease was thus produced. K.’s Specific. See Zhaberculin. K.’s Steam Apparatus, an apparatus for sterilization by steam. K.’s Treat- ment. See Treatment, Methods of Kochin. Synonym of 7 laberculin, g. v. Koeberle's Noeud. A serre-marud used in the perform- ance of abdominal hysterectomy. König’s Cylinders. An apparatus for testing the per- ception of high tones by the ear. K.'s Manometric Flames, toothed or zigzag flame-pictures seen in a revolving mirror, and produced by the vibrations of the voice against a thin membrane that separates the gas-chamber supplying a small burner from the air- chamber into which one speaks. The form of the flame-picture is characteristic for each vowel, and varies with the pitch. K.’s Rods, steel rods for producing notes of very high pitch. Same as K.’s Cylinders. - Kofacker-Sadler’s Law. See Lazy. Kohlrausch's Fold. See Third Sphincter. Koino-miasm (koi/-no-mi’-azm) [Kotvög, common ; piaopia, miasm]. A miasm emanating from the soil. Kola-nut (Ao/-/a/.) [African]. The seed of Cola acu- minata, used in parts of Central Africa as a substitute for tea and coffee. It contains an alkaloid similar to caffein, and is a cerebral stimulant and cardiac tonic. Dose of a twenty per cent. tincture, 3.j; of the fluid extract, gtt. xx-xxx. Unof. Kolla (AoA'-ah) [native name]. ease resembling malaria. Kollerism (Æo/-er-izm). Kö11iker’s Columns. An Abyssinian dis- See Cocainization. See Muscle-columns. K., Glands of. See Gland. K., Lamina or Mem- brane of. See Memôrame, A’eticzała”. Kollonema (Ao/-on-e'-mah) [K6%a, glue; viſua, tissue]. Same as Myxoma, 7, v. Kolossow’s Fixing-solution. See Stains, Zable of Kolotyphus (Ao-lo-fi/fus) [kóżov, colon; Túpoc, stupor]. Typhoid fever. Kolpo- (£o!’-po-). See Colpo-. Kolpocystotomy (Aol-po-sis-to/-o-me). otomy. Kolpodesmorrhaphy (Ao/-ſo-dez-mor/-a-ſe) [kóATog, vagina; Šeouác, bond; baº, Seam]. Same as Colbor- 7%aphy, 7. v. Kolpokieisis (Aol-po-ºlis/-īs). See Colpoºleisis. See Colpocyst- 646 KOUMISS Kombé (kom/-bah) [African]. An African arrow-poison (kombé inée) extracted from Strophanthus kombé. Komeceras, Komoceras (£o-mes/-er-as, Ko-mosſ-er-as) [Kopff, the hair; képag, horn]. In biology, applied to such a horn as that of the American prong-horn, formed of matted hair. Kommabacillus (Åom-ah-bas-i/-us). Synonymatic Tab/e of Koniantron (£o-me-an/-tron) [kóvuç, dust; ivrpov, antrum]. An instrument for spraying fluid into the tympanic cavity. - Koosso, or Koosoo (Koo/-soo). See Brayera. Kopf-tetanus (Åopf’-tet-an-us) [Ger.]. Cephalic tet- anus, due to wounds of the head, chiefly in the region of the fifth nerve. Initial trismus is associated with paralysis of the face on the side of the injury. In some cases there is also pharyngeal spasm, so that the name Hydrophobic Tetanus has also been given to this form of tetanus. Kopiopia (Āop-e-o'-pe-ah). See Copiopia. Kopp’s Asthma. See Asthma. - - Koprikin (AoA/-rik-in) [kóTpoc, dung]. A term applied by Hünefeld to undigested animal matter in the feces. Kore- (£or/-e-). See Core-. Koronion (Åo-ro/-me-on). See Craniometric Points. Koroscopy (AEo-rosſ-ko-pe). See Retinoscopy. Kosin (Åo/-sin) [Abyssinian, cussol, Cs1HasOio. as Aoussin. See Aravera. Koso (Áo/-so). Same as Arayera, Q. v. Kossein (AEos/-e-in) [Abyssinian, cusso). body contained in koosso. It is soluble in ether, in alcohol, and in acids. It is slightly styptic. Koubasoff, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymafic Table of . Koumiss (koo'-mis) [Tartar, Åumiz, fermented mare's milk]. An alcoholic drink made by the fermenta- tion of milk. As made by the fermentation of mare's milk, it has long been a favorite beverage with the Tartars and other Asiatic tribes. Cow's milk has been used chiefly in making it, both in Europe and America. Mare’s milk is the more suitable for fermentation because of the larger percentage of milk- sugar that it contains. The composition of the kou- miss as prepared from both mare's milk and cow's milk is shown in the accompanying analyses from various sources:— - - See Bacteria, Same A. crystalline ANALYSIS OF KOUMISS. : . i ; i # Koumiss from mare's milk (Fleischmann), . 91.53 |1.25|I.ol |I.91 |I.27|1.85 ſo.88 ſo.29 Koumiss from cow's milk (Fleischmann), . 88.93|3.II |o.79|2.03|0.85 2.65|I.03|0.44 Koumiss from mare's milk (König), . . . . 92.47 |I.24|o.91 |197|I.26|I.84|0.95 Koumiss from mare's milk (London, 1884), . 91.87 |o.79 |1.04|1.91 |I.19 |286 -* Koumiss from cow's milk (Wiley), . . . . 89.324.38||0.47|2.56|2.08 ſo.76|o.83 K.-cure, a method of treating pulmonary tuberculo- sis. Large quantities of koumiss can be easily digested, and its use is frequently attended by a gain in weight. KOUSSIN The patients rise early and take a glass of koumiss every half hour, except during the two hours preced- ing dinner and supper. Meat and fats form the chief part of the ordinary food; sweets, fruit and salads are avoided, as well as ices, coffee, and spirits. If the koumiss causes diarrhea, lime-water is used to arrest this. At first a few glasses only are taken daily to gradually accustom the patient to the cure. Koussin (Aoos/-īn). See Brayera. Kousso (Aoos/-o). See Brayera. Kowalevsky, Canal of. See Canal. Krameria (Ara-me/-re-a/.) [after J. G. H. Kramer, an Austrian physician]. A genus of polypelatous herbs. Rhatany, the root of A. triandra and A. tomentosa, shrubs native to South America, possesses the same astringent qualities as tannic acid. It is a popular remedy for fissure of the anus, spongy gums, etc. K., Ext., in water. Dose gr. v-x. K., Ext., Fld. Dose muv–3 ss. K., Infus. (B. P.) Dose 3.j—ij. K., Syr., contains of the fluid extract 45, syrup 55. Dose 3 SS-3 ss. K., Trochisci, contain each gr. j of the extract. K., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose my—3.j. Krameric Acid (Ara-me/-rić)[after J. G. H. Kramer, an Austrian physician]. An acid contained in Årameria. Krampton’s Muscle. The muscle of the so-called ciliary ligament in the avian eye. Krarkoff’s Method. A method of extracting soluble animal ferments; it consists in precipitating these and the albuminoids by means of ammonium sulphate; subsequent treatment with acids renders the albumin- oids insoluble, and the ferments are readily extracted with water. Kraurosis (Araw-ro’-sis) [Kpaipog, dry]. Shriveling and dryness of a part, especially of the vulva. Krause's Corpuscles. Terminal nerve-corpuscles de- scribed by W. Krause (1860) as existing in the con- junctiva, the genitals, and other parts of the human body, and differing from the Pacinian corpuscles only KRAUSE’s END-BULB. a. Nucleated capsule. , 5. Core. c. Fiber entering and branching, terminating in core at d. in the absence of a thick laminated investment. K.’s Embryo, an embryo of the fourth week, in which there is an absence of the allantoic stalk, the allan- tois hanging from the posterior extremity of the embryo. K.’s End-bulbs, terminal bodies of sensory nerves in the skin and membranes of all mammals. They are elongated, oval, or round bodies, O.O.75 to o. 14 mm. long. K., Glands of. See Gland. K.’s Membrane, a structure that extends from the sarco- lemma through the fiber of a muscle, making a com- plete partition. K.'s Method, a method of inducing premature labor. It consists in passing a flexible bougie into the uterine cavity. K.’s Muscle, the 647 KUPFFER'S CELLS coraco-cervicalis muscle. See Muscles, Table of K.'s Nerve, a branch of the musculo-spiral nerve which accompanies the ulnar and terminates in the inner head of the triceps. K.’s Process, a process for the sepa- ration of the two coloring-matters of chlorophyl. 1. Prepare a solution by allowing fresh bruised leaves to be acted upon for a few hours in the dark by warm 65 per cent. alcohol ; decant. 2. Shake one volume of this solution with two volumes of benzol; after a time the turbid liquid separates into a benzol layer above having a bluish-green color, and an alcohol layer below tinged yellow. The yellowish pigment is called by Krause xanthophyl, the bluish- green, Ayanophyl. According to Wiesner, kyano- phyl is nearly pure chlorophy, freed from its asso- ciated yellow pigment xanthophyl. It is believed by many that the yellow pigment separated by this process is identical with that found in plants blanched (etiolated) in darkness, and which has been called etiolin (Goodale). Kreatin (Are/-at-in). See Creatin. Kreatinin (Are-at'-in-in). See Crea/inin. Kremnitz White, Krems White. Same as White Zead. Kreolin (Are/-o-lin). See Creolin. . Kresol (kreſ-sol). See Cresol. Krinosin (Arin/-o-sin). See Crinosin. Kristeller's Method. A method of hastening tedious labor by fetal expression by means of rhythmic pres- sure on the fundus uteri. Pressure is made on the fetus while the entire child is still in the genital canal. Krohn's Glands. A pair of glands in the cephalo- thorax of certain of the Arachnoidea (Phalangida, Cyphophthalamuidae). Kronecker's Center. The inhibitory center of the heart. It may be injured in cardiocentesis. Krönlein's Hernia. See Aermia, Inguino-properito- zeal, and ZXiseases, Zable of. Krull's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of Krypto- (krip/-to-). See Crypto-. Kühne's Method. A method of staining bacilli, and A.’s Modification of Gram’s Method. See Stains, Table of K.’s Carbol. Methylene-blue, methyl- ene-blue I.5, absolute alcohol I.O. Rub up and gradu- ally add IOO parts of a five per cent. Solution of carbolic acid. K.’s Motorial End-plates, a peculiar form of nerve-ending. The same as the Hillocks of Doyère. K.’s Pancreas-powder, an extract pre- pared by the prolonged extraction of fresh pancreas of ox with alcohol and then with ether. Kuhnt, Cylinder-cone of. See Cylinder. Kujawah (Au/-jah-wav) [E. Ind. }. An apparatus used in India, by means of which wounded persons may be carried on camels. Kumbecephalic (AEum-be-se/-a/-ä) or Kumbokephalic (kum-bo-Kefal/-i}). See Cymbocephalic. Kumiss (AEoo’-mis) or Kumyss (Äoo’-mis). 7???.S.S. Kümmel (kim/-el) [Ger., “cumān.”] A liqueur, or cordial, originating in Germany and Russia, and flav- ored with fennel, caraway, cumin, or coriander. Kummerfeld’s Lotion. A cosmetic used in dermat- ology. It consists of spirit of camphor and spirit of lavender, each 94 dram; precipitated sulphur I5 grains; cologne-water one dram, distilled water 2 OUII) CeS. Kumysgen (koo-mis’-jen) [Tartar, kumiz, fermented mare's milk; yewvāv, to beget]. A preparation used for the production of koumiss. Kupffer's Cells. Liver-cells which, according to Asp and Kupffer, present exceedingly minute intracellular passages that pass from the bile capillaries into the interior of the cells, where they communicate with See Aou- KURUNG OIL certain small cavities or vacuoles. K.'s Method. See Stains, Zable of K.'s Vesicle, a small globular cav- ity seen near the posterior extremity of the embryo in teleostean fishes. Kurung Oil (ku/-rung). See Pongamia. Küssmaul's Coma. A manifestation of diabetes usu- ally associated with the presence of acetone in the urine, and the patient is comatose. See Diseases, Zable of K.’s Disease, acute atrophic spinal paraly- sis. See ZXiseases, Zable of Kusso (Áoos/-o). See Brayera. Küster's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of Kutubuth (AEoo-too-booth') [Arab.]. Melancholia erra- bunda. Kvas, or Kwas (Avas or Awas) [Russ.]. A kind of beer made in Russia of rye-flour, oatmeal, or baked bread, sometimes with the addition of various sweet fruits. Kyanizing (Ai’-an-iz-ing) [after Kyam, the inventor]. A wood-preserving process having for its object the coagulation of the protein matters in wood-cells, thus retarding putrefaction by impregnating the wood with a solution of mercuric chlorid. Impregnation with a 50 per cent. Solution of zinc chlorid is called Bur- nettizing. See Burmett's Disinfecting-fluid. Kyanophyl (ki/-an-off!) [kiavog, dark-blue; púžňov, a leaf). The bluish-green pigment of chlorophyl. Same as Cyanophyl. Kyestein (Ai-es/-te-in) [kimouc, conception; Éothº, cov- ering]. A filmy deposit upon decomposing urine, at one time thought to be diagnostic of pregnancy. Kyllopodia (kil-o-poſ-de-ah) [kv%óg, twisted; Troög, foot]. See Club-foot. Kyllosis (Ai/-o/-sis) [kv%26g, twisted]. Same as Club- foot. Kymograph (Ai’-mo-graf), Kymographion (Ki-mo- graf’-e-on) [küua, wave; Ypáðety, to write]. An in- strument for reproducing graphically the variations in the pressure of the blood. Kymoscope (Ai’-mo-sköp) [kūpa, wave; orcoreiv, to in- spect]. A device used in the observation and study of the blood-current. Kynurin (Ai-nu'-rin) [küov, a dog; oipov, urine], Cishii, N.O. A crystalline substance obtained from cynurenic acid. It may also be made by oxidizing cinchonin and cinchoninic acid with chromic acid. It crystallizes in needles containing 3.H.O. Kyphoscoliorachitic (Ai-ſo-sko-le-o-rak-iº/-ić) [ki ſhootſ, hump-back; orožtóg, oblique; háxic, spine]. Kypho- scoliotic. Kyphoscoliosis (Ai-ſo-sko-le-o/-sis) [ki ſpoolç, hump- backed; orožíoolç, a bending]. Kyphosis combined with scoliosis. 648 KYTOPLASM Kyphoscoliotic (ki-fo-sko-le-of/-ä) [ki ſhootſ, hump- back; orožtóg, oblique]. Characterized by or per- taining to kyphoscoliosis. Kyphosis (Ai-foſ-sis) [ki ſpoolç, hump-back]. Hump- back. Angular curvature of the spine, with the prominence or convexity turned dorsad. K. bicy- clistarum, a curvature of the spine, due to error in posture in bicycle-riding. - Kyphotic (kisſot'-ić) [ki ſpoolç, hump-back]. Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with, kyphosis. Kysthoproptosis (Ais-tho-prop-to/-sis) [köoffog, a hol- low ; Tpóttajouc, a falling forward]. Prolapse of the vagina. . Kysto- (kis/-to-). See Cysto-. Kystoma (kis-to/-mah). See Cystoma. 8. M I c. ă KYMogRAPH. (Ludwig.) a, a. Artery. C. Revolving-cylinder. C. Height of mercury in tube; the difference between this point and d indicates the pressure within the vessel. d, S. Float on mercury in tube. f. Writing-style. Kytharrhagia (kith-ar-a/-je-ah). See Cytharrhagia. Kythemolytic (Ai-them-o-lit"-ić), [kitoc, cell; alua, blood; Atotº, solution]. Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing, the destruction of blood-cells. Kytomitom (Ki-tom/-it-om) [körog, cell; uttoc, thread]. The network in the body of the nucleus of the cell. Kytoplasm (Ai’-to-plazm) [körog, cell; TAéopia, plasm]. The protoplasm of the cell. L. The abbreviation of Left, of Zumbar, of Lithium, and of Zióra, a pound. A denotes wave-length. For instance W. 506, means a wave-length equal to 506 millionths of a millimeter. Sometimes the letters W. L. are used instead of 7. Lb. Contraction of liber = pound. Lab, or Lab-ferment. The ferment of rennet pro- ducing coagulation of milk. It is separated from the proenzyme, labzymogen, by means of the acids of the gastric juice , and especially by HCl, Labzymogen resists the action of alkalies, which, even in very small amounts, destroys the lab. A temperature of 35° to 40° C. is most favorable to the action of lab. At 70° C. the lab is destroyed, but not the labzymogen. Labarraque’s Liquor. See Liquor. L.'s Solution. See Chlorin. Labbé, Vein of. See Vein. Labdacism (lab’-das-izm). Same as Lambdacism. Labdanum (lab/-dan-um). See Zadanum. Labellum (la-bel/-um) [dim. of labium, a lip : pl., Labella]. In biology: (a) One of the petals of an orchid, which, properly the upper one, is made the lower by a semi-twist of the ovary. It is larger than the other petals and offers a landing-place for insects; it is carried backward in the form of a spur, and then assumes the functions of a nectary and so attracts visitors (Cheshire); (b) One of the mouth-parts of an InSect. Labes (la/-béz) [L.J. An old name for the plague; also, for any depravation or lowering of the standard of health. - Labial (la/-be-al) [labium, a lip]. lips. L. Bone. frenum of the lips. - Labialism (la/-be-a/-äzm) [labium, a lip]. The ten- dency to pronounce any articulate sounds as if they were labials; the addition of a labial or labio-dental quality to an articulate sound. - Labials (la/-be-alz) [labium, a lip]. The consonant- Sounds; they are formed mainly by the lips. See Consonants. - Labiate (la/-be-àº) [labium, a lip]. In biology, lipped. Shaped like, or functioning as, a lip. L. Plants, the Labiata, or mintworts; an order of Square-stemmed plants, mostly herbs, with aromatic properties, many of the species being highly charged with volatile oils. Labiatiform (la-be-a/-äform). See Zabiate. Labidometer (ab-id-om/-et-er) [Åaffic, forceps; uérpov, a measure]. A forceps used in measuring the dimen- sions of the head of a fetus in the pelvis. Labidophorous (ab-id-off’-or-us) [Åaffic, forceps; $opóg, bearing]. Applied to insects having organs resembling pinchers. Labidoprion (lab-id-o’-pre-on) [AaBic, forceps; Tptov, tºl A forceps-saw. + Labiella (la-be-e/-ah) [labium, a lip]. In biology, a minute, rounded, median portion of the deutomala in myriapods; it corresponds in a degree to the lingua of hexapods (Packard). Labile (lab'-il) [labilis : labi, to glide]. I. In electro- therapeutics a labile application is the passing of the electrode—usually the negative—along and touching the skin over the track of a nerve. 2. Deciduous. Labimeter (ab-im/-et-er). Same as Zabidometer. Labio-alveolar (la/-be-o-a/-ve/-o-lar) [labium, lip; alveolus, a small hollow]. Pertaining to the lip and to One or more dental alveoli. Pertaining to the See Zn/ermaxillary. L. Frenum, 649 LABOR Labio-chorea (la/-be-o-ko-re/-ah) [Zabium, lip; 2 opeta, dancing]. A choreic affection of the lips, and the stammering that results from it. Labio-choreic (la/-be-o-ºo-re/-ić) [labium, lip; xopeia, dancing]. Relating to lip-stammering. Labio-dental (la/-be-o-dem/-tal) [labium, lip; dens, a tooth]. Pertaining to the lips and the teeth. . Labio-glosso-laryngeal (/a/-be-o-glosſ-o-lar-in/-je-a!) [Zabium, lip; Yºoga, tongue; Žápwyś, larynx]. Per- taining conjointly to lips, tongue, and larynx. L. Paralysis. See Aulbar Paralysis. Labio-glosso-pharyngeal (la/-be-o-glosſ-o-far-in/-je- al) [labium, lip; Yºgoa, tongue; pápvyš, pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to 'lips, tongue, and pharynx. Labiomancy (la/-be-o-man-se) [labium, lip ; Havreia, divination]. The power of understanding what is said by observing the motions of the lips in speech. Labio-mental (la/-be-o-mem/-ta/) [labium, lip; men- tum, chin]. Relating to lip and chin. Labio-nasal (la/-be-o-ma/-sa/) [labium, lip; masus, nose]. Labial and nasal; pertaining to lip and nose. Labio-palatine (la/-be-o-pa/-aē-in) [labium, lip; pala- tum, palate]. Relating to lip and palate in common. Labioplastic (la-be-o-plas/-tié) [/abium, lip ; Tââooetv, to form]. Pertaining to an operation for restoring the lip, after injury or partial destruction of the same; chiloplastic. Labiose (la/-be-às) [Zabium, lip]. bling a true labiate flower. Labiotenaculum (la-be-o-ten-a/-u-lum) [labium, lip ; tenaculum, a holder]. An instrument for holding the lips in a position required for examination or opera- tion. Labipalp (la/-be-ſa/p)[labium, a lip ; palpare, to stroke, to feel]. In biology, a labial palp or feeler. Labitome (lab/-it-öm) [Åagic, forceps; Touff, cutting]. Cutting-forceps. - Labium (la/-be-um) [L. : p!., Zabia]. A lip. Also, any structure consisting of a strip or flap of elastic tis- sue that closes upon an orifice. In biology, applied to various lip-like structures in animals and plants, usually the lower when two are present, the upper being called the Zabrum. L. austriacum, Austrian lip; the thick, pendent upper lip of the Austrian reign- ing family. L. cerebri, the margins of the cerebral hemispheres that overlap the corpus callosum. L. duplex, a congenital longitudigai duplication of the mucosa of the upper, and rarely of the lower lip. L. externus pºčaſidi. See Z. majus. L. internus pudendi. See Z. minus. L. leopoldi- num, a thick, pendent lower lip; named after Em. peror Leopold'. L. leporinum. See Hare-lip. L. majus, or L. pudendi majus, one of two folds of skin of the female external genital organs, arising just below the mons veneris, surrounding the vulval entrance, and meeting at the anterior part of the perin- eum. L. minus, L. pudendi minus, or nympha, one of two folds of mucous membrane at the inner surfaces of the labia majora. L. tympanicum, the portion of the lamina spiralis forming the lower border of the sulcus spiralis. L. urethrae, the lateral margins of the external urinary meatus. L. vestibulare, the overhanging extremity of the lamina spiralis that forms the upper part of the sulcus spiralis. Labor (la/-bor) [L.]. Work. Parturition; bringing forth young. That natural process by which a preg- nant woman expels the product of conception at the expiration of the period of pregnancy, normally, In biology, resem- LABORATORY 280 days after conception. L., Abnormal, departing from the normal course. L., Artificial, when effected or aided by other means than the forces of the maternal organism. L., Atonic, labor protracted or rendered in- capable of spontaneous termination by atomy of the uterus. L., Conduct of, management, hygienic, medi- cal, or surgical, of the parturient woman. L., Difficult. See Dystocia. L., Dry, when there is a deficiency of the liquor amnii, or when there has been a premature rupture of the bag of waters. L., False, or False Pains. See Pains. L., Induced, labor brought on by artificial means. L., Insanity of. See Insanity. L., Instrumental, one requiring manual or instru- mental means to extract the child. L., Metastatic, labor in which the true pains cease suddenly, and are succeeded by muscular contractions of neighboring organs, bladder, rectum, or of the muscles of the trunk and limbs. L., Missed, retention of the dead fetus in utero beyond the period of normal gestation. L., Natural, Normal, or Physiologic, when effected by the sole power of the maternal organism. L., Obstructed. See Z. Pathologic. L., Pathologic, when deviating from the normal type by reason of weak- ness of the maternal forces, anomalies of the pelvis, or of the fetus, or of complications, all being causes of Obstructed L. L., Postponed, delayed beyond nine months. L., Premature, taking place before the normal period of gestation, but when the fetus is viable. L., Stages of, arbitrary divisions of the period of labor, the first begins with dilatation of the os, and ends with complete dilatation, so that the head can pass; the second ends with the expulsion of the child; the third (placental) consists in the expulsion of the pla- centa. L., Mechanism of, the mechanism by which a fetus and its appendages traverse the birth-canal and are expelled. L.-pains, the pains of, or the contrac- tion of the uterus during, labor. L., Perverse, labor in which there is an abnormal position of the child. L., Precipitate, labor in which the expulsion of the fetus and its appendages takes place with undue celer- ity. L., Protracted, labor prolonged beyond the usual limit (IO-2O hours in primiparae, 2–6 hours in multiparae). L., Spontaneous, labor accomplished without artificial aid. Laboratory (lab/-or-at-o-re) [laboratorium, from labor- are, to work]. A room or place designed for experi- mental work in chemistry, physiology, biology, etc. Laborde’s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. L.'s Sign. See Death. Labrador Tea (/ab/-ra-dor). The leaves of Zedum Žatifolium, demulcent, expectorant, and tonic. Dose of the fld. ext., 3 j—ij. Unof. Labrose (/a/-brós, or la-brós/) Supplied with lips. Large-lipped. Labrum (la/-brum) [L., a lip-edge, margin; pl., Zabra]. In biology, a lip-like structure, usually the upper, when two are present, the lower being the Zabium. Laburnin (lab-er/-min) [Maburnum, laburnum]. called Cytisin. 722/7/2. Laburnum (lab-er/-num) [L.]. The leaves of Cytisus /aburnum, the properties of which are due to an alka- loid, cytisin. In small doses it is diuretic and resolvent; in larger doses poisonous, irritating the alimentary tract, and inducing purging, vomiting, and exhaustion. Unof. Labyrinth (/a/-ir-inth) [Åaffiptv6og, a maze]. A name given to the series of cavities of the internal ear com- prising the vestibule, cochlea, and the semicircular canals. L., Bony. See Z., Osseous. L., Cortical, the intricately arranged collection of uriniferous tubules and blood-vessels filling the intervals in the cortical [labrosus, lipped]. Also An alkaloid found in Cytisus labzer- 650 LACCIN substance of the kidney. See Kidney, L., Mem- branous, the membranous cavity within the osseous labyrinth, from which it is partly separated by the perilymph. It comprises two sacs contained within the vestibule, the semicircular canals and the canal of §. 9) §ſſil | & / § / | LABYRINTH OF THE EAR LAID OPEN. a. Fovea elliptica. 6. Fovea hemispherica. c. Common en- trance of the posterior and superior semicircular canals. d. Opening of the aqueduct of the vestibule, e. Superior semicircular canal. J. Posterior. g. Inferior semicircular canal. h. Spiral canal of cochlea. 7. Opening of the aque- duct of the cochlea. 7. Lamina spiralis. the cochlea. L. of the Kidney. See Zabyrinth, Cor- tical. L., Osseous, the bony capsule of the internal ear, communicating in front with the cochlea and be- hind with the semicircular canals. L. Pit. See Aar. Labyrinthal (lab-ir-in/-thal), Labyrinthic (lab-ir-in/- thik). See Labyrinthine. - Labyrinthine (lab-ir-in/-thin) [2a3iptv6oç, a maze]. Pertaining to a labyrinth. L. Vertigo. See Ménière's Disease. Labyrinthus (lab-ir-in/-thus) [L. : pl., Zabyrinthi]. A labyrinth. Lac (lak) [Pers., lak, lacj. A resinous incrustation produced on the bark of the twigs and branches of various tropical trees (Urostigma religiosa, Mimosa cinerea, Butea frondosa, Schleichera irijuga, of Ceylon, India, and Burmah, Croton lacciferum, of Ceylon, Croton draco, Acacia greggii, Zarrea mexi- cana, of Mexico), by the puncture of the female lac- insect Carteria (Coccus) lacca. This crude exudation constitutes the stick-lac of commerce. Shellac is pre- pared by spreading the resin into thin plates after being melted and strained. In the preparation of the shellac, the resin is freed from the coloring-matter, which is formed into cakes, and is known as lac- dye. See Pigments, Conspectus of Button-lac differs from shellac only in form, appearing in cakes about three inches in diameter and one-sixth of an inch thick. Bleached lac is prepared by dissolving lac in a boiling lye of pearlash or potassic hydrate, filter- ing and passing chlorin through the solution until all the lac is precipitated. Seed-lac is the residue ob- tained after dissolving out most of the coloring-matter contained in the resin. The common shellac is used in varnishes, lacquers, and sealing-wax ; the bleached lac in pale varnishes and light-colored sealing-wax. L.-beet, a fruit used in Siam for diarrhea and dyspepsia. L., Stick, lac as taken from the twigs on which it is formed. L. sulphuris, milk of Sul- phur; sulphur praecipitatum (U. S. P.) L., White. See Bleached lac. Lacca (laš/-ah). See Zac. Laccate (la/-ät) [Pers., lak, lac, or sealing-wax]. In biology, appearing as if varnished or lacquered. Laccin (la/-īn) [Pers., lak, lac]. A substance resem- bling wax, extracted from lac. It is insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, in ether, in hydrochloric acid, and in potassic hydrate. LACERATE Lacerate (las/-er-āt) [Åakepôg, torn]. In biology, with a margin appearing as if torn. L. Foramen. See Poramina, Table of Laceration (las-er-a/-shum) [laceratio; lacerare, to tear]. Mechanical rupture by a tearing action, whether accidental or surgical. See Dilaceration. L. of the Infratrochlear Nerve. See Badal’s Opera- tion in Operations, Table of L. of Perineum, a tear- ing through the wall separating the lower extremity of the vagina and rectum, which occurs occasionally to women in childbirth. Lacerator (las/-er-a-tor) [lacerare, to tear]. strument used in effecting surgical laceration. Lacertiform (las-er/-liform) [lacerta, lizard; forma, form]. Lizard-shaped. Lacertoid (las-er/-toid) [lacerta, lizard; eiðoç, like]. Resembling a lizard. Lachesis (laž/-e-sis) [Aáxeotg, destiny, fate]. I. A genus of venomous South American reptiles. 2. The venom of Z. mutus (the bushmaster snake), and also a homeopathic preparation of the poison. An in- Lachnanthes (lak-man/-théz) [%áxvm, soft, woolly hair; &v6og, a flower]. A genus of North American bloodworts. L. tinctoria, red-root, is a plant popu- lar in parts of the United States as an expectorant and alterative in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of a IO per cent. tincture, mux. Unof. Lachrymal (lak/-rim-al). See Zacrymal. Lacinia (las-in/-e-ah) [L., a lappet, flap, as of a gar- ment: pl., Zacinia]. In biology, one of the fimbriae at the ovarian extremity of the oviduct; a narrow lobe, as in an incised leaf; or, specifically, the slender apex of the maxilla of a beetle. Cf. Galea. Laciniate (las-in/-e-āt) [lacinia, a flap.]. fringed; cut into narrow flaps. - Laciniform (las-in/-if-orm) [lacinia, a flap; forma, form]. In biology, fringe-like. Laciniola (las-in-i/-o-la/.) [dim. of Zacinia : pl., La- ciniolae]. In biology, a small lacinia. Lacinula (las-in/-u-lah) [dim. of Zacinia, a flap; pl., Zacinulae]. In biology, a small lacinia. Lacmoid (laš/-moid). Same as Resorcin-blue. Lacmus (lak/-mus). See Litmus. Lacquer (lak/-er) [Pg., lacre, sealing-wax]. An opaque varnish containing lac. L., Burmese, a natural varnish consisting of a thick, grayish terebin- thinous liquid, collected from the Melamorrhaea usita- tissima of Burmah. It dissolves in alcohol, turpen- tine-oil, and benzene, assuming greater fluidity. Locally, it is used in lacquering furniture, temples, idols, and varnishing vessels. Lacrima (laž/-rim-ah). See Zacryma. Lacrimal (laž/-rim-al). See Zacrymal. Lacryma (lak/-rim-ah) [L.; pl., Zacryma). A tear. Lacrymal (lak/-rim-al) [lacryma, a tear]. Having ref. erence to the organs of the secretion, transfer, or ex- cretion of tears. L. Apparatus, the lacrymal gland, ducts, canal, sac, and nasal duct. See Eye. L. Artery, the first branch of the ophthalmic artery, sup- plying the gland. See Arteries, Table of L. Bone, a bone upon the nasal side of the orbit, articulating with the frontal, the ethmoid, and superior maxillary bones, in which begin the lacrymal groove and nasal duct. See Bones, Table of L. Canals, or Canal- iculi, superior and inferior, extend from the lacrymal puncta to the sac, and serve to convey the excess of tears from the eye to the nose. See Canal. L. Caruncula. See Caruncle. L. Crest. See Crest. L. Ducts, seven to fourteen in number, extending obliquely from the gland to the fornix conjunctivae, carrying the tears to the conjunctival surface of the globe. See Ducz. L. Gland, the gland secreting the In biology, 651 LACTAMID tears, situated in a depression of the frontal bone, the A. fossa, at the upper and outer angle of the orbit. See Gland. L. Lake, the inward prolongation of the paipebral fissure of the eyelids. L. Papilla. See Aapilla. L. Probe, a probe for exploring or dilating the canaliculi and nasal duct. L. Puncta, the minute orifices of the canaliculi, upon the eyelids near the º Šs . 㺠Şs== LAcRYMAl Duct RELATIONS OF THE EYE AND THE LACRYMAL ExCRETORY APPARATUS. 1, I. Canaliculi. 2, 2. Puncta lacrymalia. 3,3: Inner extremity. of tarsal cartilage. 4, 4. Free borders of lids. 5. Lacrymal sac. 6. Attachment to maxillary bone of superior tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacrymal sac. 8, 8. Two branches. inner canthus. L. Sac, a sacciform enlargement of the upper part of the nasal duct, into which the cana- liculi empty. L. Style, a probe used in stricture of the nasal duct. L. Tubercle. See Złubercle. Lacrymation (lak-rim-a/-shun) [lacryma, a tear]. An excessive secretion, or an overflow, of tears, from any CallS62. Lacrymatome (lak-rim/-at-öm) [ſacryma, tear; Touff, cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in dilating the nasal duct or the canaliculi; a syringotome. Lacrymiform (lak-rim/-iſ-orm) [ſacryma, a tear; forma, form]. In biology, tear-shaped ; guttiform. Lacrymin (laž/-rim-in). See Dacryolin. Lacrymotomy (lak rim-of/-o-me) [/aczyma, tear; touff, cutting]. The division of strictures of the lacrymal passages. Lactagogue (laž/-tag-og). See Galactagogue. Lactalbumin (lakf-a/-bit-min) [/ac, milk; album inj. A proteid contained in milk in small quantities—V4 of I per cent. It resembles serum-albumin very closely, differing in specific rotatory power, in its coaguability by heat, and in its precipitation of neutral salts. Lactamic Acid (lak-tam/-īk). See Alanin. Lactamid (laž/-fam-id) [Zac, milk; amid J, CH,- NO,. A substance formed by the union of lactid and ammonia. It forms crystals readily soluble in water and in alcohol, and melts at 74° C. LACTAMIN Lactamin (laš/-tam-in). See Alanin. Lactant § [lactare, to suckle]. Suckling. Lactate (laž/-tät) [lactare, to suckle]. Any salt of lactic acid. Lactated Food. A Liebig’s food for infants. Its composition is : Water 7.76; fat I.64; starch 36.43; soluble carbohydrates 39.o; albuminoids II.85; ash 2.61 ; milk-sugar 29.65. Lactatic (laž-tat'-ić). See Galactagogue. Lactation (lak-ta/-shun) [lactatio; lactare, to suckle]. Suckling; the period during which the child suckles. Lacteal (laž/-te-al) [lac, milk]. I. Pertaining to milk. 2. Any one of the lymphatics of the small intestine that take up the chyle. Lactean (laš/-te-an) [lac, milk]. See Zacteal. Lactein (lak/-te-in) [/ac, milk]. Same as Zactolin. Lacteous (lak/-te-us). See Zacteal. Lactescence (lak-tes’-ens) [/actescere, to turn to milk]. Milkiness (often applied to the chyle). Lactescent (lak-tes/-ent) [Zactescere, to turn to milk]. Milky, or secreting a milky sap or fluid. Lactic (lak/-tié) [lac, milk]. Pertaining to milk or its derivatives. L. Acid. See Acid, Zactic, and Stains, Table of L. Ether, (C, HsO.C6H5Os)C10H16Os. A colorless substance resulting from the distillation of equal parts of calcium lactate, absolute alcohol, and sulphuric acid. It is soluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether, and boils at 77° C. L. Fermentation. See Aermentation. Lactica (lak/-tić-ah) [lac, milk]. An old name for typhoid fever. Lactid (lak/-tia) [lac, milk], CaFIgC),. A volatile sub- stance, one of the anhydrids of lactic acid produced by dry distillation of that acid. It crystallizes from alcohol in rhombic plates that melt at 124.5° C., and boil at 255° C. ; it dissolves slowly in water, with the gradual formation of lactic acid. Lactiferous (lak-tif’-er-us) [lac, milk; ferre, to carry]. A term applied to vessels that convey milk. L. Ducts, the ducts of the mammary gland. L. Glands, the mammary glands. L. Swelling, a dis- tention of the breast arising from obstruction of a lactiferous duct. Lactific (lak-tif/-i}) [lac, milk; facere, to make]. Producing milk. Lactiflorous (lak-tiſ-lo’-rus) [lac, milk; ſlos, flower]. In biology, having milk-white flowers. Lactiform (la/-täform) [lac, milk; forma, form]. Resembling milk. Lactifuge (/a4/-fiftºff) [lac, milk; ſugare, to drive away]. A drug or agent that causes a lessening in the secretion of milk. Lactigenous (ſak-tij/-en-us) [lac, milk; yewvāv, to pro- duce]. Milk-producing. Lactimid (lak/-tim-id) [lac, milk; imid], CAH, NO. A substance produced by heating alanin in a current of HCl to 180–2Oo° C. It consists of colorless leaf- lets or needles that melt at 275°C., and dissolve readily in alcohol and in water. Lactin (/a/-tim) [lac, milk]. Sugar of milk; lactose. Lactinated (laž/-tin-a-fed) [lac, milk.]. Containing sugar of milk. lactiphagous (laž-tif’-ag-us) [lac, milk; ſhayeiv, to eat]. Consuming milk. Lactipotous (/a/-äp/-o-tus) [lac, milk; drink]. Milk-drinking. Lactis (laž/-tis) [gen. of lac, milk]. Pertaining to milk. L. redundantia, an excessive flow of milk. L. retentio, suppression of the flow of milk. Lactisma (Zak-tiz'-mah) [Wäktigua, Wakriſetu, to kick: //., Zactismata]. The kicking or motion of the fetus 1n uterO. potare, to 652 LACTOSE Lactivorous (lak-tiv/-or-us) [lac, milk; vorare, to de- vour]. Subsisting on milk. Lacto- (lak/-to-) [lac, milk]. A Latin prefix denoting connection with or relation to milk. L.-pepsin, a preparation of pepsin. According to Heger, its com- position is: Pure pepsin IO parts, pancreatin 7.6 parts, sugar of milk 5o parts, extract of malt 5 parts, lactic acid 2.6 parts, hydrochloric acid (25 per cent.) Io parts, glycerin 20 parts. To this is added enough powdered tragacanth to make a pill-mass. The adult dose is about I5 grains. L.-peptine, a proprietary mixture claimed to contain pepsin, diastase, and pan- creatin, acidulated with lactic and hydrochloric acids. One dram should peptonize 3 viij of albumin, casein or fibrin, or emulsionize 3 xvi of cod-liver oil. Dose, gr. v-xv. See Aepsin. Unof. L.-peptone, same as L. -peptine. L.-phosphate, any phosphate combined with lactic acid. L.-proteid, any proteid of milk, as caseinogen or lactalbumin. L.-protein, a derivative of milk. Lactobiose (lak-to/-be-às). See Galactose. n n Lactobutyrometer (lak-to-bu-tir- om/-et-er) [lac, milk; Boörvpov, butter; uérpov, measure]. An instrument used in estimating the proportion of butter in milk. Lactocele (lak/-to-sel) [lac, milk; khºm, tumor]. A cyst containing a milky fluid. Same as Galac- tocele. Lactocrit (lak/-to-krit) [lac, milk; Kpltàg, a judge]. An apparatus for testing the quantity of fatty substance in a sample of milk. Lactodensineter(lak-to-dem-sim/- et-er) [ſac, milk; densus, dense; Hérpov, measure]. A variety of lactometer. 2" Lacto-globulin(laž-to-glob/-u-lin) [lac, milk; globus, a ball]. One of the native proteids of milk; lactalbumin. Lactoglucose (lak-to-glu'-kös)[lac, milk; YWvküç, sweet]. A saccha- rine substance, produced in the fermentation-fluid along with ga- ſ i * i = lactose. It is probably the same as glucose. Lactokrit (lak/-to-krit). See Zac- zocrát. Lactolin (lak/-to-lin) [lac, milk; oleum, oil]. Condensed milk. Lactometer (laſſ-tom/-et-er). An instrument for determining the specific gravity of milk. Lactone (lak/-tän) [lac, milk], Clo HsO4. An aromatic, colorless, inflammable fluid, derived from the dry distillation of lactic acid. The lactones are generally liquids, readily soluble in water, of neutral reaction, possessing a faintly aro- matic odor, and can be distilled without decomposition. Lactonic Acid (lac-ton/-i}). Acid. - Lactoscope (laž/-to-sköp) [lac, milk; okotreiv, to ex- amine]. An instrument for estimating the proportions of water and fat-globules of milk. Lactose (laž/-täs) [lac, milk], Cizhi, Oil + H,O. Milk- sugar; it occurs in the milk of mammals, in the º ~~ LACTOMETER. Stem on the right grad- uated as used in Bos- ton. Stem on the left shows graduation adopted in New York. Central stem graduated to show See percentage of solids. LACTOSERUM amniotic liquor of cows, and in certain pathologic secretions. It crystallizes in white, hard, rhombic prisms, containing one molecule of water. It is soluble in water, has a faint sweet taste, and is insoluble in alcohol. Its aqueous solution is dextro-rotatory. It melts at 205° C. It is much used in pharmacy for making triturations, and is the vehicle of most homeo- pathic preparations. See Carbohydrates, Zable of Lactoserum (lak-to-se/-rum) [lac, milk; serum, whey]. The serum or whey of milk. Lactosuria (lak-to-su/-re-a/.) [lac, milk; oipov, urine]. The presence of lactose in the urine; a condition oc- casionally seen in pregnancy. Lactotoxin (lak-to-toks/-īn) [lac, milk; Toštkóv, poison]. A poisonous substance found in milk. Lactous (laž/-fus) [/actosus, milky]. Milky. Lactuca (laſſ-tu/-kah) [L., “lettuce ’’]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs; the lettuces. L. altissi- ma, L. elongata, L. montana, L. sativa (com- mon garden lettuce), and L. virosa, afford lactuca- rium ; but the L. virosa is the source recognized in the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Lactuca (B. P.) is also a synonym of Zactucarium, 7. z. Lactucarium (laž-tu-ka/-re-um) [L.: gen., Zactucarii). Lettuce. The milky juice of Zactuca virosa, a bien- nial plant. It contains a crystalline substance, Zactu- cerin, to which its properties are thought to be due. It is a mild hypnotic, with sedative and diuretic prop- erties, somewhat similar to opium, but without depres- sant after-effects. It is frequently an ingredient of patented cough-mixtures; varieties of commercial lac- tucarium are produced by other species of Zactuca, 7. v. L., Ext. (B. P.) Dose gr. v-xv. L., Ext., Fld. Dose mux- 3.j. L., Syr... contains 5 per cent. of the drug. Dose 3.j-3.j. L., Tinct., dose 3 SS—3 ij. Lactucerin (laſſ-tu"-ser-in) [/actuca, lettuce; cera, wax]. A crystalline substance existing in lactu- carium, g. v. - Lactucerol (lak-fu/-ser-āl) [lactuca, lettuce ; oleum, oil], CºgPIsoC),. A crystalline substance existing in lactucerin; it occurs in two isomeric forms. Lactucic Acid (laž-tw'-sić) [lactuca, lettuce], Csohis Os. A yellow, amorphous body found in lactucarium. It is insoluble in chloroform, ether, benzin, and carbon bisulphid. In some respects it resembles oxalic acid. See Acid. Lactucin (lak-twº-sin) [lactuca, lettuce]. A crystalline extractive of lettuce and of lactucarium. Lactucol (la/-äu-kol) [/actuca, lettuce], Cisłł200. A substance crystallizing in needles, formed when lac- tucerin and potassium hydrate are melted together. Lactucon (lak-tuſ-Åon). Same as Zactucin. Lactucopicric Acid, Lactucopicrin (lak-fu-ko-pić/- rić, Zak-the-Åo-piā’-rin) [/actuca, lettuce ; Trukpóg, bitter], CasſissCol. An amorphous, bitter principle contained in lactucarium. Lactumen (lak-ºu'-men) [lac, milk : pl., Zactumina]. A synonym of Porrigo larvalis. Also, applied to that form of aphthae in which the spots have a fanci- ful resemblance to clots of curd. Lactupicrin (lak-tu-pié/-rin). See Zactucopicric Acid. Lacuna (la-ku/-nah) [lacus, a lake; pl., Zacunae]. A little hollow space. A mucous or lymphatic folli- cle. L., Absorption. See Howship’s Zacunae. L. amatorum, the vertical groove in the center of the upper lip. L. Bone. See Bone. L. of Cemen- tum, spaces in the cement of the teeth analogous to those in bone. L. cerebri, the infundibulum of the brain. L. of Cornea, spaces between the laminae of the cornea. L. graafianae, Graafian follicles. L., Haversian. See Bone, L., Howship's. I. De- pressions on the surface of bone beneath the perios- 653 LAESIS teum. 2. Carious excavations in bone filled with granulation-tissue. L., Intervillous (of placenta), the spaces in the maternal portion of the placenta filled with blood, and in which the fetal villi hang. L. labii superioris. See Z. amatorum. L. later- ales sinus superioris, depressions along the groove of the superior longitudinal sinus. L. magna, the largest of the orifices of the glands of Littré, situated on the upper surface of the fossa navicularis. L. morgagni, the orifices of the glands of Littré, or the glands themselves. L. pharyngis, a depression at the opening of the Eustachian tube into the pharynx. L. of Tongue, the foramen cecum. See Aoramina, Table of L. of Urethra, follicular depressions in the mucous membrane of the urethra, most abundant along the floor, especially in the region of the bulb. Their mouths are directed forward. Lacunal (la-ku/-mal), or Lacunar (la-ku/-mar) [lacus, lake]. Pertaining to the lacunae. L. Spaces, the irregular fissures between the fasciculi of connective tissue, forming the beginnings of the lymphatic vessels. Lacunose (la-Aze/-nós) [lacuna, a pit, a hollow]. In biology, having pits, depressions, or spaces. Lacunosorugose (la-Aze/-no-so-ree/-gós) [lacuna, pit, hollow; ruga, a wrinkle]. In biology, deeply pitted or wrinkled, as the stone of a peach. Lacunula (lak-te/-nu-lah) [dim. of /acuna, a lake : pl., Zacumulae). A small or minute lacuna; an air- space, such as is seen in a gray hair when magnified. Lacus (la/-äus) [L.]. A small hollow or cavity in a tissue. L. derivationis, one of the venous spaces in the tentorium cerebelli communicating with the Superior longitudinal and lateral sinuses. L. lacry- malis, the space at the inner canthus of the eye, near the punctum, in which the tears collect. L. sangui- neus, the utero-placental sinus. Lacustrine (la-Āus'-trim) [lacus, a lake]. inhabiting lakes or ponds. La Dando (lah day:/-do). Synonym of Influenza. Ladanum (lad’-an-wºm)[L. ; Gr., Afféavov). The con- crete gummy and resinous juice of various species of Cistus, growing in the Mediterranean region ; as C. Zadaniferus, C. creticus, C. salvifolius, C. cyprius, C. ledon, and C. villosus. It is a greenish-gray solid, of bitter taste, formerly in high esteem. It is now chiefly used in making pastils for ſumigation. Ladendo (lad-en/-do). Synonym of Influenza. Ladrerie (Jah-dra-re’) [Fr.]. See Measles. Ladric (lah/-drić). Pertaining to measles. Lady Crespigny’s Pill. A pill of aloes and cinchona ; aloes Socotr, 3.j, ext, cinchona 3 iij, cinnam. 3.j, syr. absinth. q. S. It is a stomachic and laxative. Dose gr. X-XX. Lady Hesketh's Pill. pigny’s Pill, 7.2. Lady Webster Pill. See Aloe. Lady’s Bed-straw. Cheese-rennet. The herb Gaſ- item zerum, a refrigerant and diuretic. Dose, fid. ext. 3 ss—j. Unof. L.'s Slipper. See Cypripedium. Laemoparalysis (le-mo-par-a/-is-is). See Lemoparal- J/s2S. Laennec's Cirrhosis. Atrophic cirrhosis of the liver; a form of chronic interstitial hepatitis of the liver in which the organ is greatly reduced in size and may be deformed. The weight may be reduced to a pound or a pound and a half; the surface of the organ is granular; and its substance is composed of greenish- yellow islands surrounded by grayish-white connective tissue. L.'s Perles and L.'s Rále. See Signs and Symptoms, 7 able of L. tubercles, the miliary granu- lations of tuberculosis. Laesis (le/-sis). See Lesion. In biology, A pill similar to Lady Cres- LAETIFICANT Laetificant (le-fif'-ić-ant). See Zetificant. Laevo- (/e/-vo-). For words so commencing, see Levo-. Laevorotatory (le-vo-ro/-ta-for-e). See Zevorotatory. Laevulin (lev/-u-lin). See Zevulin. Laevulose (lev/-u-lós). See Levulose. Lafayette Mixture. A mixture employed in gonor- rhea. It contains copaiba, cubebs, liquor potassae, sweet spirit of niter, and is known also as the com- pound copaiba mixture. See Copaiba. - Lag Tooth. A delayed tooth. A name for the molar or wisdom tooth. Lagam-balsam (lag/-am-bal/-sam). jun-balsam brought from Sumatra. Lagarous (lag’-ar-us) [Wayapóg, lax]. soft. Lagena (laj-e/-nah) [Aéyvvog a flask, bottle: pl., Zag- ende]. In biology, the flask-like extremity of the cochlea in certain vertebrates. Lageniform (laj-en/-if-orm) [/agena, a flask; forma, form]. Flask-shaped. Lagentomum (Maj-em/-to-mum) [ Wayóg, hare; &v, in ; Topºff, a cutting]. Hare-lip. Cf. Zagochiſees. Lagnea, or Lagneia (lag-ne'-ah, or lag-mi/-ah) [Way- veia, coition, lust]. Same as Satyriasis. Also, coition. Also, the semen. Lagnesis (lag-ne’-sis) [Aáyvnç, lewd]. Same as Saty- riasis. L. furor, unconquerable lust. L. valacitas, lust capable of control. Lagnosis (Zag-mo/-sis). Same as Zagnesis. Lagochilus (Zag-o-Ai/-/us), or Lagochilos (lag-o-4i/- /os) [Mayóg, hare ; 2.87%0g, lip]. Hare-lip. Cf. Zagen- &omezz72. Lagophthalmia (lag-off-tha/-me-ah). ophtha/mos. Lagophthalmic (Zag-off-ſha/-mić) [Wayóg, hare; ôpſłażplóg, eye). Pertaining to or affected with lagoph- thalmos. - Lagophthalmos (lag-off-tha/-mos) [Wayóg, hare; öpf/a/16, eye; from the popular notion that a hare sleeps with open eyes]. Inability to close the eyes. Lagopodous (lag-off’-o-dus) [Wayótrovg, hare-footed]. In biology, hare-footed; densely clothed with long and soft entangled hairs. Lagostoma (lag-osſ-to-mah) [Wayóg, hare; otóua, mouth]. See Aare-lip. Cf. Zagochilus and Zagen- &O//2247/2. Lagrange's Exterminator. An apparatus for destroy- ing the ectoparasites of poultry. It is a wooden box into which the bird is introduced with its feet tied, its head being kept outside by a special opening. In the box a brimstone match is burned ; a few minutes of exposure to this vapor suffice to kill the parasites. La Grippe (Zah grip) [Fr. J. Synonym of ſºftuenza. Laisne’s Method. A method of abdominal massage. The masseur lays his hands on either side of the ab- domen, and executes a firm but not violent double rubbing movement, one hand ascending as the other descends, the principal pressure being made by the thenar and hypothenar prominences; the movements do not extend higher than the transverse colon, or lower than the ileum. Laity (/a/-it-e) [Wagg, the people]. sional public. Lake (lā4). See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs, and also Lacus. L.-burn. See Fardel-bound. L.- colored, applied to blood in which the hemoglobin, having separated from the stroma, is dissolved in the Serul Iſl. Lakmoid, Lacmoid (lak/-moid)[ſac, milk; elóoç, like]. A delicate reagent in alkalimetry, made by acting on resorcin with sodium nitrate. A variety of gur- Lax, loose, or Same as Zag- The non-profes- 654 LAMELLA Lakmus (lak/-mus). See Lacmus. Laky (la/-ke). See Zake-colored. . Lalia (la/-le-ah) [Wahlă, talking]. Speech. Lallation (ſal-a/-shun) [/allatio; lallare, to babble]. Any unintelligible stammering of speech, such as the prattling of a babe. Also, the defect or peculiarity of speech, usually racial, in which l is substituted for 7°. Lalling (la/-ing) [/allare, to babble]. prattle; baby-talk. Laloneurosis (ſal-o-nu-ro/-sis) [2.6%0g, prattle; veipov, nerve: pl., Zaloneuroses]. An impairment of speech arising from spasmodic action of the muscles. It in- cludes stammering and aphthongia. Lalopathy (ſal-op/-ath-e) [Adãog, speech; Tāffog, dis- ease]. Any disorder of speech. Lalophobia (lal-o-fo/-be-ah) [Aážog, prattle; pá80g, fear]. Stutter-spasm, leading to, or complicated with, a dislike of speaking. Laloplegia (ſal-o-ple/-je-a/.) [Aóżog, talking; Tāmyń, a stroke.] Paralysis of speech, not due, however, to paralysis of the tongue. - Lamarckism or the Lamarckian Theory. The doc- trine based upon the teachings of the French naturalist, J. B. P. A. de Monet de Zamarck (1744-1829), who attempted to explain the progressive evolution of nature by virtue of an inherent tendency to development through the appetency and habits of living organisms, the efforts excited by change of conditions reacting upon the structure. It is based on the theory that matter acted upon by heat, light, and electricity may spontaneously generate life of low, homogeneous organisms, and that such organisms would develop qualities of heterogeneity and organs as governed by their surroundings, and especially by their wants or desires. To this preponderating influence of new wants Lamarck ascribes the chief rôle in evolution, while Darwin emphasizes the advantage of acciden- tal variations in the struggle for existence. See AVeo- Zamarckism. Lambda (lam/-dah) [26486a, the Greek letter 2]. The junction of the Sagittal and lambdoid sutures at the apex of the latter. See Craniometric Poin/s. Lambdacism (lam/-das-āzm)[Åagóaktouég, lambdacism]. I. Difficulty in uttering the sound of the letter Z. 2. Too frequent use of the Z sound, or its substitution for the r sound; lallation. - Lambdoid, or Lambdoidal (lam/-doid or lam-doi/-dal) [%uffóa, the letter W.; elóoç, resemblance]. Resem- bling the Greek letter A. L. Suture, the suture between the occipital and the two parietal bones. Lambert's Method. A method of mixing colors by colored wafers and a slip of glass. By means of re- flections from the surface of the latter one color may be in part reflected and superimposed on another color. Lame (lām) [ME., lame, lame]. limping. Lamel (lam-el/) [Zamella, dim. of lamina, a plate]. A medicated disc, made with some soluble basis; it is used in the dosimetric application of drugs to the eye, etc. - Lamella (lam-e/-ah) [dim. of lamina, a plate: pl., Za- mellae]. A descriptive term applied to any foliation or scale-like appearance; a thin lamina, scale, or plate. L. of Bone, the concentric rings surrounding the Haversian canals. L., Bronchial, one of the folds of the mucosa of the gills of fishes and certain molluscs. L. carnosa, that part of the parietal meso- blast from which the muscles of the trunk are developed. L. ceratina, the epiblastic layer giving origin to the skin and its appendages. L. cerebellare, Lallation ; Crippled ; halting ; LAMELLAR 655 one of the laminae of the cerebellum. L., Concentric, one of the plates of bone surrounding the Haversian canals. L. coriaria, the part of the somatopleure from which the corium and possibly the cutaneous muscles are developed. L., Cribriform. See Zamina cribrosa. L., Fundamental or General, a general term applied to all varieties of osseous lamellae. L., Haversian. See Z., Concentric. L., Homo- geneous, the clear, apparently structureless layer of an osseous lamella. L., Intermediate, one of the plates filling the spaces between the concentric layers of bone. L., Interstitial. See Z., Zntermediate. L., Investing. See Z., Concentric. L. medullaris, the epiblastic layer forming the central nervous system and organs of special sense. L., Medullary, the internal lamellae forming the wall of the medullary cavity of hollow bones. L. mesenterica, that portion of the splanchnopleure from which the mesentery, and the muscular and fibrous parts of the intestines are derived. L. mucosa, that part of the hypoblast from which the epithelia of the gastro- intestinal tract and its glands are developed. L. of Nail, an elevation on the corium, dove-tailing into a furrow on the under surface of the nail. L., Perineural, the perineurium. L., Periosteal or Peripheral, a superficial lamella of bone lying under the periosteum. L. renalis, that portion of the mesoblast from which the kidneys and generative organs are developed. L., Special. See Z., Con- centric. L., Striped, the dark portion of a bone- lamella which has a striped appearance. L., Tri- angular, a fibrous layer connecting the choroid plexuses of the third ventricle of the brain. L., Vascular. See Andochorion. ~, Lamellar (lam-el/-ar) Lamellate (lam-el/-ät) [lamella, a thin plate]. Having the nature of, or resembling any thin, Osseous or membranous tissue; composed of lam- ellae or thin plates. L. Cataract. See Cataract. Lamelliferous (lam-el-if”-er-us) [Jamella, a thin plate; ſerre, to bear]. Composed of lamellae. Lamelliform (ſam-e/-iform) [lamella, a small plate; forma, form]. Having the shape of a lamella. Lamelligerous (lam-el-ij/-er-us). See Zamelliferous. Lamelliped (lam-e/-iſ-ed") [lamella, a small plate; pes, foot]. Having a flat or lamelliform foot. Lamellose (lam/-el-ās). See Zamellar. Lamellule (lam-el/-ä/) [/amellula, dim. of lamella, a plate]. A very small plate. Lameness (Jām/-mes) [ME., lame, lame]. The state of being lame. L., Cross, a peculiar gait of horses in which the lameness seems to be in the leg on the opposite side of the one diseased. L., Kennel, a rheumatic affection of dogs. L., Uterine, weakness of the uterus due to disease. Lamin (la/-min) [laminum, the dead-nettle]. An alkaloid said to exist in Zamium album, 7. v. Lamina (lam/-in-ah) [L., a plate or scale: pl., Zam- tnae]. A descriptive term used to designate foliated structure. Also, any thin layer of bone, membrane, or other tissue. L., Arcuate (of the cerebellum), a bundle of fibers uniting the contiguous convolutions of the cerebellum. L., Arcuate (of the cerebrum), a band of fibers uniting adjacent convolutions of the cerebrum. L. ascendens (of the palate bone), the vertical plate of the palate. L. axilis, the primi- tive streak of the blastoderm. L., Basal (of the placenta), the decidua serotina. L., Bowman's, the structureless membrane between the anterior layers of epithelium and the fibrous tissue of the cornea of the eye. L. cacuminis, a narrow band connecting the posterior superior lobes of the cerebellum. L. of Cerebellum, the layers of white matter, covered LAMINA externally with gray substance, that arise from the cen- tral white axis of the cerebellum. L. chrotalis, the dermal plate or covering. L. cinerea, the connecting layer of gray matter between the corpus callosum and the optic chiasma; the terma. L. cinerea convoluta, the tuber cinereum. L. Conarii, the lower lamella of the recess of the pineal gland. L. concharum, the inner surface of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone. L. connectens, the posterior cerebral commissure. L. connectiva, the colloderma, Q. v. L. cortis, the memórama ſectoria of the internal ear. L. cornea, a thickened band of the ependyma of the lateral ventricle covering the taenia semicircularis. L., Cribriform, the crib- riform plate of the ethmoid. See also Z. crº- rosa of the Temporal Bone. L. cribrosa (of the choroid), in lower animals that portion of the choroid which is perforated for the passage of the optic nerve. L. cribrosa (of the fascia lata), the cribriform fascia covering the saphenous opening. L. cribrosa anterior, the anterior perforated space. L. cribrosa anterior inferior, the anterior part of the inferior fossula, through which branches of the cochlear nerve pass. L. cribrosa media, the middle part of the inferior fossula transmitting the branches of the auditory nerve going to the Saccule. L. cribrosa posterior, the posterior perforated space. L. cribrosa of the Sclerotic, the perforated lamina through which the optic nerve enters the globe of the eye. L. cribrosa of the Temporal Bone, a small laminated bone forming the boundary of the internal auditory meatus. L. of the Cricoid Cartilage, the flat posterior plate of the cricoid car- tilage. L., Crystalline, the anterior part of the cap- sule of the crystalline lens. L. dentata, the dentate fascia. L. denticulata, the covering of the outer fifth of the vestibular surface of the bony cochlea, from which delicate teeth-like elevations project into the scala vestibuli. L. dorsalis, one of the two ridges bordering the medullary groove, that unite to form a canal which finally develops into the cerebro-spinal canal. See Plates, A/edullary. L., External Medullary, the outer of the two white layers of the lenticular nucleus. L., Fibro- cutaneous, the parietal mesoblast. L., Fibrointesti- nal, the visceral mesoblast. L. fusca, the pig- mentary tissue of the sclera forming the ectal layer of the perichoroidal sinus. L. gastralis, the gastro- derma, ſy. z. L., Gray. See Z. cinered. L. grisea, the gray matter of the spinal cord. L., Internal Medullary, the inner of the two white layers of the lenticular nucleus. L., Lateral (of the sphenoid bone), the external pterygoid plate. L. lentis, one of the layers of the crystalline lens. L. mastoidea, the basal plate of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. L., Median (of the sphenoid bone), the internal pterygoid plate. L. medullaris media cerebelli, the valve of Vieussens. L. medullaris thalami, a layer of white matter between the optic thalamus and the internal nu- cleus of the striate body. L. medullaris transversa, a delicate layer of gray matter covering the aqueduct of Sylvius. L. medullaris triangularis, the lyra of the fornix. L. modioli, the bony lamina spiralis of the coch- lea. L. muscularis, the myoderma, y, z'. L. nervea involvens, a delicate layer of nerve-matter covering the ventricular surface of the ependyma. L. neuroder- malis, the epiblast. L., Nuclear, the nuclear layer. L. palatina, the horizontal plate of the palate bone. L. papyracea, the os planum of the ethmoid bone. L. pedunculorum, one of the layers of which the crura cerebri are composed. L. perforata, either perforated space. L. pigmenti, a delicate layer of LAMINAE pigment-cells between the retina and the choroid. L., Posterior Elastic, the posterior layer of the cornea ; the membrane of Descemet. L. prima cutis, the epidermis. L. propria (of the tympanic membrane), the middle or fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. L., Protovertebral, that por- tion of the mesoblast lying to the side of the chorda dorsalis in which the protovertebrae subsequently form. L. Quadrigemina, a layer of gray matter, forming the roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius. L. Quadrilateralis, a term for the Clivus of A/umenbach, 7. v. L., Reti- cular, the hyaline membrane of the inner ear, extend- ing between the conjoined head of Corti’s rods and Hensen’s supporting cells. L. secundaria, one of the secondary germ-layers, 7. v. L. semicircularis. See Złemia semicircularis. L. sphenopetrosa, a small plate of bone near the spinous foramen of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. L. spiralis, a thin plate in the ear, Osseous in the inner part and membranous in the outer, which divides the spiral tube of the cochlea into the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli. L. spiralis ossea, a thin plate of bone that winds spirally around the modiolus of the cochlea. L. supercho- roidea, the delicate membrane of the outer surface of the choroid tunic of the eye. L. tectoria. See Alemniscus, Inferior. L., Terminal. I. See Z. cinerea. 2. The anterior terminal plate of the anterior brain-vesicle. L. terminalis. See Terma. L. triangularis (of the sphenoid bone), the posterior triangular part of the great wing of the sphenoid bone. L. transversa, one of the transverse laminae of the cerebellum. L., Tympanic, the tympanic plate of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. L., Vascular, the endochorion. L. of Vertebra. See Vertebra. L. ventralis, one of the lateral mesoblastic plates. L. vitra, the inner or vitreous table of the skull. L. visceralis, one of the thickened layers of meso- blastic tissue on each side of the notochord, which by proliferation and splitting form the splanchnopleure and somatopleure. L., Vitreous (of the choroid), a homogeneous membrane covering the inner surface of the choroid; it is also called the membrane of Bruch. Laminae (ſam/-in-e) [lamina, a thin plate]. The sensi- tive plates of soft tissue, covering the entire anterior surface of the coffin-bone in the horse. See also Alamizza. Laminage (ſahm-in-ahzh/) [Fr.]. Flattening; the compression or flatwise crushing of the fetal head to facilitate delivery. Laminal, Laminar (lam/-in-al, lam/-in-ar) [/amina, a layer]. Composed of laminae; having the form of a lamina. L. Tissue, a synonym of Connective 7?ssue. Laminaria (ſam-in-a/-re-ah) [/amina, a thin plate]. I. A genus of algae, or seaweeds. Several species are rich in iodin. 2. The cured lower part of the stem of Z. c/oats/oni, or Z. digitata. L. Bougie, a bougie made of the stalk; it is used for urethral dilatation. L. cor- nica, L. digitata, devil’s-apron, tangle ; Sea-tangle, sea-girdles, or sea-wand; cairn-tangle, dead-man’s- toe, oarweed. A species found in Scotland, very rich in iodin ; the stem is used for the manufacture of tents and bougies. L. esculenta, an edible species said to have anti-scorbutic properties. L. Probe, a probe made of the stalk, used to dilate the canaliculi and nasal duct. L. saccharina, ribbon-weed ; sea-belt, sweet-tangle, is rich in iodin and potash; it is used as food, and is also purgative. L. Tent, a tent made of the stem of the plant, for dilatation of the cerzſix atteri. Laminate, Laminated (lam/-in-āt, lam/-in-āţ-ed). See Maminar. - 656 LANCET Lamination (lam-in-a/-shum) [lamina, a layer]. Ar- rangement in plates or layers. An operation in embryotomy, consisting in cutting the skull in slices. Laminectomy (ſam-in-e/-to-me) [/amina, a layer; &ktopuſ, excision]. The operation of removing the posterior vertebral arches. Lamineur (lam-in-ár/) [/amina, a layer]. ment for performing laminage, 7. 2. Laminitis (lam-in-i/-tis) [lamina, plate; itic, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the laminae of a horse's hoof; founder. An instru- Laminose (lam/-in-às) [/amina, a thin plate]. Thin, membranous, or plate-like. Lamium (la/-me-um) [L., the dead-nettle]. A genus of labiate plants. L. album, the leaves and stems of the plant Z. album, with properties due to an alkaloid, Alamin. It is useful in menorrhagia. Dose of the tincture 3 SS—ij. Unof. Lamnar (lam/-mar) [lamna, a thin plate]. applied to nails that are flat, short and broad. Lamnectomy (lam-ne/-to-me). Same as Laminec- tomy. - Lamp [Wapitáç, a lamp]. A vessel containing a liquid capable of burning, and a wick. It is used to give light. L., Aphlogistic, a lamp devised by Davy in which glowing platinum furnishes the light. L.-black, a fine black substance, almost pure carbon, made by burning coal-oils in an atmosphere deficient in oxygen, or by allowing a gas-flame to impinge on a cold surface. See Pigments, Conspectus of L., Laryngoscopic, a small incandescent lamp used in laryngoscopy. One form is provided with reflectors and lenses by means of which light can be projected into the mouth, pharynx, and larynx. L., Lee's, a lamp used in mer- curial fumigation. L., Mercurial, a lamp consisting of two cups, an upper for holding the mercury, a lower for holding water. The latter is heated by means of a Bunsen burner, the water and mercury being both vaporized. L., Spirit, one in which alcohol is used to produce heat rather than light. L., Van Buren’s, a device for mercurial fumigation. Lampas (lam/-pas) [Fr., lampas, lampas]. A conges- tive swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth, in the horse. Lampers (lam/-perz). See Zampas. Lamprophony (lam-proff’-o-ne) [Åapıtſpág Sounding; pová, voice]. A sonorous, ringing quality of the voice. Lampsana (ſamp-sa/-nah). See Lapsana. Lampsis (lampſ-sis) [Aépuptc, a shining]. brilliancy. Lana (la/-nah) [L.]. Wool. Lanate (lam/-ät) [Ajvoc, wool]. Woolly; lanuginous; lanigerous; lanose. Lancaster Black-drop. opium. Lance (lams) [Iancea, a lance or spear]. I. A lancet. 2. To open, as with a lancet or bistoury. L., Mau- riceau's, a lance-shaped knife for opening the fetal head in embryotomy. Lanceate (ſanſ-se-àt) [lancea, a lance]. /ate. Lanceolar (ſanſ-se-o-lar). See Zanceolate. Lanceolate (ſam/-se-o-lat) [lanceola, a little lance]. In biology, shaped like a lance-head; thin and tapering towards each end. Lancet (ſan/-set) [dim. of ſancea, a lance]. A two- edged surgical instrument for incising tumors, etc. L., Gum, a small instrument in which the cutting portion has a convex edge and is at right-angles to the shaft. L., Spring, one in which the blade is thrust out by means of a spring, which is controlled by a trigger. L., Thumb, one with a double-edged, broad blade. A term Splendor, Acetum opii; vinegar of See Lanceo- LANCIFORM Lanciform (lan/-siſ-orm) [lancea, lance; forma, form]. Lance-shaped. - Lancinate (lan/-sin-āt) [lancinare, to tear]. To lacerate, to pierce, or tear. Lancinating (Zazz/-sin-a-ting) [/ancinare, to tear]. Tearing; shooting. L. Pains, rending, tearing, or sharply-cutting pains, common in posterior spinal sclerosis. Lancing (lam/-sing). See Zance. Lancisi, Nerves of. The striae longitudinales. The slight ridges of the callosum of the brain bounding the raphé. See AVerves, Table of Landmarks (land/-marks) [ME., landmark, the boun- dary of a country]. Superficial marks (such as emi- nences, lines, and depressions) that serve as guides to, or indications of, deeper-seated parts. The knowledge of landmarks is of the utmost importance, both to the surgeon and the physician. Landolphi's or Landolfi’s Paste. A caustic applica- tion composed of the chlorids of zinc, antimony, bromin, and gold, which is used pure, or weakened by mixing with basilicon ointment in varying propor- tions. It should be spread on the surface with a spatula, or applied on charpie, and allowed to remain for 24 or 48 hours. Landolphia (ſan-dol/-fe-ah) [after Capt. Landolph, an explorer]. A genus of tropical climbing shrubs, in- cluding the African rubber-tree, a source of caoutchouc. Landolt's Method. A method of determining insuffi- ciency of the internal recti muscles. A small lamp or candle is surrounded by a blackened chimney, a ver- tical slit in which serves as an object of fixation. The light is then approximated to the eyes, and when the internal recti are no longer able to maintain the nec- essary convergence, two images of the slit are seen. Landouzy-Dejerine Type. A type of muscular atrophy. See Diseases, Table of Landry's Disease or Paralysis. Acute ascending paralysis; a form of atonic paralysis described by Landry, characterized by loss of motor power in the lower extremities, gradually extending to the upper extremities, and to the centers of circulation and respiration, without characteristic sensory mani- festations, trophic changes, or variations in electric reaction. See Diseases, Table of Land-scurvy. See Purpura haemorrhagica. Landzert, Angle of. See Angle. Lanesin, or Lanessin (ſanſ-es-in) [lama, wool]. A proprietary preparation of wool-fat similar to lanolin. Lanfranc's Collyrium. A stimulant application to ulcers, containing aloes and myrrh, each 5 parts; ace- tate of copper, IO parts; trisulphid of arsenic, I5 parts; rose-water, 380 parts, and white wine, IOOO parts. Lang's Oil. See Gray Oil. Lange's Method. A method of testing for CO, in the air. It consists in shaking in a bottle full of the air to be tested, a half ounce of clear fresh lime-water. If the air contains 7 parts per IOOO of CO., a turbid- ity of the fluid will occur. Langenbeck's Operation. See Operations, Table of Langerhans’ Cells. Certain modified epithelial cells forming the simplest nerve-endings. L.'s Granular Layer, the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. Langier's Apparatus. A form of immovable splint for a limb. It is composed of strips of brown paper impregnated with starch-paste. L.'s Bandage. See Bandage. Langley, Oxyntic Cells of. See Delomorphous. L.'s Test. See Tests, Table of Language (lang/-gwāj) [lingua, the tongue]. The ar- ticulate sounds, signs, or symbols whereby thought is communicated. L., Center for. See Aphasia. 657 LAPARELY TROTOMY Languor (lang/-gwor)[L., ſaintness]. Lassitude. Dis- inclination to take bodily exercise, or to exert one- self. Laniaries or Laniary Teeth (la/-ne-az-e-éz) [Dentes lamiarii, Zaniare, to rend]. The cuspid teeth ; ap- plied more particularly to those of carnivorous ani- mals. Laniariform (la-ne-ar/-iſ-orm) [/aniare, to rend; forma, shape). Shaped like the canine teeth of car- nivora. Laniary (la/-me-a-re) [/aniare, to tear, rend]. In biology, applied to well-developed canine or lacerating teeth. Lanigerous (ſan-j’-er-us) [/ana, wool; gerere, to bear]. In biology, producing, or covered with wool or a woolly growth ; lanate; lanose; lanuginous. Lank [ME., lank, lank]. Lean, thin, attenuated. Lanoleum (ſan-o/-/e-um). See Zanolin. Lanolin (lan/-o-/in). [Zama, wool; oleum, oil]. A cholesterin-fat obtained from sheep's wool, introduced as a basis for ointments. It does not saponify or become rancid, and is characterized by remarkable penetrative powers. Lanose (la/-nós) [/ana, wool]. wool-like ; lanate. Lantana (lan-ta/-nah) [L]. A genus of verbenaceous shrubs and herbs, principally natives of tropical America. A few grow native in the U. S. L. acu- leata is an aromatic stomachic. L. brasiliensis and L. camara are among the antipyretic species. Unof. Lantanin (lan'-tan-in) [/antana]. An alkaloid ex- tractive of Zantana brasiliensis, called Verba sagrada. It is asserted to have antiperiodic and antipyretic pro- perties, and has been successfully used in intermittent fevers. Dose, gr. xv-xxx. Unof. Lantermann's Notches or Segments. Conico-cyl- indric segments in the medullary sheath of a nerve- fiber; they are marked off from one another by the incisures of Schmidt. Lantern of Aristotle, or Aristotle's Lantern. In biology, the oral skeleton of a sea-urchin. L.-jaws, a colloquialism for a long, thin visage. Lanthanum (ſanſ-than-um), or Lanthanium (lan-ſha’- ne-um) [2av6ávely, to conceal ; lanthanum was a sub- stance concealed from the knowledge of chemists]. A rare metallic element; symbol La., atomic weight, 138. Little is known of its medicinal properties. See AE/ements, 7&6/e of Lanthopin (Man'-tho-pin) [2a16ávetv, to conceal], CaFI,NO,. A finely crystalline alkaloid of opium. It occurs in white crystals fusible at 200° C. Lanuginose, Lanuginous (ſan-z//-jin-às, Zazz-z//-jīzz-z/s) [/anuginosus, wooly]. In biology, woolly, downy, lanate, lanose, lanigerous. Lanugo (ſan-u/-go) [ſana, wool]. The down-like hair that appears upon the fetus at about the fifth month of gestation ; the downy growth often seen upon the face of women and girls. L. prima, the first growth of beard. L. pudendorium, pubic hair. Lap [ME., lappen, Gr, ŽáTTetv, to lap with the tongue]. I. To lick up. 2. A lick. 3. That part of the body formed by the anterior aspect of the thighs. Lapactic (lap-a/-tić) [AaTáooetv, to empty]. I. Emp- tying; evacuant. 2. Any purgative substance. Lapara (lap/-ar-ah) [Åatrapóg, loose]. I. The loins ; loosely applied to the abdomen. 2. Diarrhea. Laparacele (/ap/-ar-as-el). See Zaparoceſe. Laparectomy (/ap-ar-ek/-/o-me). See Enterectomy. Laparelytrotomy (lap-ar-el-it-rot (-0-me). Same as Alaparo-elytrotomy. In biology, woolly; 42 LAPAROCELE Laparocele (lap/-ar-o-sel) [2atrápa, loin; kážm, tumor]. Lumbar or abdominal hernia. Laparocholecystotomy (lap-ar-o-ko-ſes-is-tot’-o-me) [Zaſtapa, loin ; 2:0%ff, bile ; küotug, bladder; topuff, cutting]. Laparotomy conjoined with cholecystotomy. Laparoclysis (lap-ar-o/-lis-is) [Watápa, loin ; KWüotç, a drenching]. An injection into the peritoneal cavity. Laparocolectomy (Zap-ar-o-Ko-le&/-to-me). Colectomy. Laparocolotomy (lap-ar-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [Åatrápa, loin ; kóżov, colon; Topiń, a cutting]. Inguinal or abdominal colotomy. - Laparocolpotomy (lap-ar-o-Aol-pot/-o-mee). paro-e/ytrotomy. Laparocystectomy (/ap-ar-o-sis-teå/-to-me) [Åatrápa, loin ; Küotic, cyst, bladder; Šktoum, excision]. An operation performed in advanced extrauterine preg- nancy for removal of the fetus and the entire sac. It is performed like an abdominal section for any cystic tumor in the abdominal cavity with dense adhesions. Same as See Za- The sac is to be evacuated, or not, as indicated, and . adhesions separated, if necessary, after ligation. Laparocystotomy (Zap-ar-o-sis-/ot/-o-me) [Åatrápa, loin ; Kío Tug, cyst, bladder ; Touff, a cutting]. I. Suprapu- bic cystotomy. 2. An operation in advanced extra- uterine pregnancy for the removal of the fetus, the sac being allowed to remain. Laparo-elytrotomy (lap-ar-o-e/-it-rot’ o-me) [Watápa, loin ; Ś%vTpov, sheath ; Topºff, a cutting]. An oper- ation devised by Jörg as a substitute for the Cesarean operation. It consists in an incision over Poupart's ligament, dissecting up the peritoneum until the vagina is reached, when the latter is incised transversely, the cervix dilated, and the child thus extracted above the inlet. Its mortality is about 50 per cent. Laparo-enterotomy (/ap-ar-o-en-der-of/-o-me) [?atápa, loin; £vTepov, intestine; touff, a cutting]. An open- ing of the intestine through an abdominal incision. Laparogastrotomy (Zap-ar-o-gas-tro/-o-ºne) [Waſtápa, loin ; yao Tàp, stomach; touff, a cutting]. The opening of the stomach through an abdominal incision. Laparohysterectomy ( /a/-ar-o-his-ter-e/-to-me) [Aa- Trápa, loin ; iotépa, womb ; Touff, a cutting]. The removal of the womb through an incision in the ab- dominal walls. Laparo-hystero-oophorectomy (/ap/-ar-o-his/-ter-o-o- off-or-e/-to-me) [Watápa, loin ; botépa, womb ; Øopópog, ovary; £ictouff, a cutting out]. Removal of the womb and ovaries through an incision in the abdominal wall. Laparohysterotomy (lap-ar-o-his-ter-o/-o-me). Gastro-en/erotomy. - Laparo-ileotomy (/ap-ar-o-iſ-e-o/-o-me) [Åatrápa, loin; eižetv, to roll; topuff, a cutting]. The formation of an artificial anus in the groin. Laparokelyphotomy (/ap-ar-o-kel-if-of/-o-me) [Watápa, See loin ; Ké%vipoſ, egg-shell; Top1%, a cutting]. Same as Alaparocystolomy. . Laparokolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pot/-o-me). See Zap- aro-edy/rotomy. Laparomyitis (lap-ar-o-mi-i/-ſis) [Åatrápa, loin ; uig, muscle; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscular portion of the abdominal wall. Laparomyomectomy (Zaft-ar-o-mi-o-me//-to-me) [Watt- &pa, loin ; ſuic, muscle; &KTou%, a cutting out]. Re- moval of a myoma through an abdominal incision. Laparomyotomy (/ap-ar-o-mi-o/-o-º/e). See Zaparo- myomectomy. Laparonephrectomy (la/-ar-o-neſ-re/-to-me) [Åatrápa, loin ; vegpög, kidney; &ktopuff, a cutting out]. Neph- rectomy by an abdominal incision. 658 LAPIS Laparonephrotomy. (lap-ar-o-meſ-rotº-o-me) [Åatrápa, loin ; véºpóg, kidney; Topſfi, a cutting]. Nephrot- omy through an abdominal incision. Laparosalpingectomy (lap-ar-o-sa/-pin -gek/-to-me) [Waitápa, loin ; odžtlyś, tube; touff, a cutting]. Re- moval of a Fallopian tube through an abdominal incis- }OI). Laparosalpingotomy (lap-ar-o-sal-pin-go!’-o-me) [Åat- épa, loin ; GáAtty;, tube; togi, a cutting]. I. Cut- ting into an oviduct through an abdominal incision. 2. Laparosalpingectomy. Laparoscope (lap/-ar-o-sköp) [%atrápa, loin; okotreiv, to examine]. An instrument for examining the ab- domen. Laparoscopy (lap-ar-osſ-ko-fºe) [Åatrápa, loin ; oko- Teiv, to examine]. The examination of the abdo- men by the stethoscope, plessimeter, or by other in- strumental means. - Laparosplenectomy (lap-ar-o-splen-e/-to-me) [Åairápa, loin ; ot?ftv, 'spleen; £ktopſ, a cutting out]. Re- moval of the spleen through an abdominal incision. Laparosplenotomy (lap-ar-o-splen-off’-o-me) [Åatápa, loin ; or??v, spleen ; Touff, a cutting]. The sur- gical incision or entrance upon the spleen through the abdominal walls. - - Laparotome (lap/-ar-o-tom) [Watápa, loin ; Touff, a cut- ting]. A cutting-instrument used in laparotomy. Laparotomist (lap-ar-of/-o-meist) [Åarápa, loin ; Topºff, a cutting]. A surgeon who performs laparotomy. Laparotomy (lap-ar-ot’-o-me) [Åatrápa, loin ; Touff, a cutting]. I. Surgical incision through the ab- dominal wall; celiotomy. 2. Surgical entrance into the abdominal cavity through the loin or flank. (The definition first given is that offered by most lexico- graphers, and is in accord with common usage; but objection has been made to this use of the word. The second definition is believed to represent the ety- mologically more correct use of the term.) L., Con- servative, abdominal section, with a view either to aspiration of the distended Fallopian tubes, or to break- ing down adhesions and freeing the diseased uterine appendages. Laparotyphlotomy (lap-ar-o-fif-lot/-o-me). of Zyphlotomy. Laparovaginal (lap-ar-o-vaj’-in-al) [Åatrápa, loin ; va- gina, sheath]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the vagina. Laparysterotomy (lap-ar-is-ter-of/-o-me). Alaparohysterotomy. Lapaxis (lap-a/s/-īs)[Wätrašac, evacuation]. Evacuation. La Perlèche. See Perleche. Lapides cancrorum (lap/-id-éz kang-kro'-rum) [L.]. See Crab’s-eyes. Lapidillum (ſoft-id-i/-um) [dim. of lapis, stone]. A scoop for removing stones from the bladder. Lapidose (lap/-id-ös) [/apis, a stone]. In biology, in- habiting stony places. - Lapillation (lap-il-a/-shum) [/apillus, a small stone]. The formation of stones; lithogenesis, g. v. Lapis (la/-pis) [L., a rock]. An alchemic term ap- plied to any non-volatile substance. L. dentium, tartar of the teeth; salivary calculus. L. divinus, aluminated copper; a preparation used in ophthal- mology. It is made by fusing together 32 parts each of cupric sulphate, potassium nitrate, and alum, and adding a mixture of 2 parts each of camphor and alum. L. imperialis, silver nitrate. L. lazuli, a beautiful blue stone of complex composition, formerly employed as a purgative and emetic, and in epilepsy. L. lunaris, silver nitrate. L. mitigatus. See Ar- gentum. L. mutabilis. See Tabasheer. L. nau- ticus, a lode-stone. - * Synonym Same as LAPLACE’S FORMULAE 659 Laplace's Formulae. I. For preparing acid sublimate solution, I to Iooo: Take of bichlorid of mercury, I gram ; nitric acid, 5 grams; water IOOO grams. 2. For preparing acid sublimate tablets: Take of bichlorid of mercury, I gram ; tartaric acid, 5 grams. Make into one tablet. This is to be dissolved in one liter (IOoo grams) of water. 3. Acid sublimate gauze is prepared by dipping the gauze in the foregoing Solu- tion, wringing it out, and allowing it to dry in a clean atmosphere. - Lappa (/ap/-ah) [L.: gen., Zappae]. Burdock. The root of the common burdock, Arctium. /appa, contains a bit- ter principle, a resin, and tannin. It is aperient and diu- retic and has some reputation as an alterative in constitu- tional blood-diseases. A tincture of the seed has been recommended in skin-diseases. The dose of the root is 3.j-ij, in infusion or tincture; of the fluid extract, mux-3). g Lappaceous (lap-a/-she-us) [Zappa, a bur]. In biology, bur-like. Lappet (lap/-et) [ME., lappet, lappet]. In biology, the wattle of a bird. . Lapsana (lap/-san-ah) [Waipávn, an eatable herb). A genus of composite plants. L. communis, was formerly used as a laxative and in skin-diseases. Lapsus (lap/-sus) [Zabi, to fall]. A fall; ptosis. L. palpebrae superioris, ptosis of the eyelid. L. pilo- rum, alopecia. L. unguium, falling of the nails. Larch [ME., Marche, larch]. See Zarix and Tamarac. Larcher's Sign. See Death. Lard and Lard-oil [ME., Zarden, lard]. Adeps. The fat of the pig melted by gentle heat and strained. Crude lard is white, granular, and of the consistency of a salve, of faint odor and sweet, fatty taste. Its specific gravity is .938 to .940 at 15° C. Exposed to the air it becomes yellowish and rancid. When com- pressed at 32° F., it yields 62 parts of colorless lard- oil and 38 parts of compact lard. Lard is used in cooking; lard-oil for greasing wool, as a lubricant, and an illuminant. Lardacein (lar-da/-se-in) [ME., Zarden, lard]. An animal proteid, an indigestible amyloid substance, chiefly occurring as a pathologic infiltration into various organs, as the liver, or spleen. Lardaceous (lar-da/-she-us) [ME., Zarden, lard]. See Amyloid. L. Kidney. See Bright's Disease. Larinoid (lar/-in-oid) [Aaptwóg, fat; eiðoç, like]. Lar- daceous; as larinoid carcinoma. Larix (la/-riás) [L., gen. Zaricis]. I.arch. The dried bark of Zarix europaea, the European larch, similar in action to balsamic and terebinthinate remedies. It is expectorant, stimulant, and astringent. L., Tinct. (B.P.) Dose m xx-xxx. See, also, Tamarac. Larkspur (lar//-spur). The seed of Delphinium con- solida, a diuretic and emmenagogue. Dose of the fla. ext., muj-x. Unof. Larnaude's Disinfecting-fluid. A solution of zinc sulphate containing a little copper sulphate. Larrey's Amputation. See Operations, 7able of. L.'s Apparatus, a form of immovable dressing made by saturating the bandages in a mixture of camphorated spirit, lead-water, and white of egg. L.'s Bandage. See Bandage. Lartigue's Pills. Pills used in the treatment of gout, containing compound extract of colchicum 20 parts, and extract of digitalis, one part. Larva (lar/-vah) [/arva, a ghost; pl. Larvae]. The young stage of such animals as undergo transformation. The form that insects take in emerging from the egg, commonly known as the caterpillar or “grub '' stage. Also, applied to the immature form distinguishing many of the lower vertebrates before maturity. L., Lovén's, LARY NGISMUS the young of the marine worm polygoraſius. L., Müller's, the free-swimming young of the polyclad platodes, 7% usanozoön and Yungia. Larvaceous (lar-va/-she-us), Larval (ſar/-va/) [larva, a mask]. Covering the face like a mask. Larval [larva, a ghost]. I. Pertaining to or existing in the condition of a larva. 2. Same as Zarvace- ous. L. Paludism. See Dumb Agate. L. Pneu- monia. See Pneumonia. L. Scarlatina, a mild case of scarlet fever in which the rash is absent. Larvate (lar/-văţ) [larvatus, masked]. Concealed; masked ; applied to diseases and conditions that are hidden by more obvious conditions, or by some pecu- liarity of their symptoms. Larviform (lar/-viſ-orm) [Zarva, a larva; forma, shapel. Resembling or being a larva. - Larvigerous (lar-vij/-er-us) [/arva, ghost, mask; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing the larval skin. Larviparous (lar-vip/-ar-us) [/arva, larva ; parere, to bring forth]. In biology, bringing forth young that have reached the larval state. Larvivorous (lar-viz'-or-us) [larza, larva; vorare, to devour]. In biology, feeding on larvae. Laryngalgia (ſar-in-ga/-je-a/.) [Aépvyš, larynx; 6% yog, pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the larynx. Laryngeal (lar-in/-je-a/) [Zápwyś, larynx]. Per- taining to the larynx. L. Artery. See Arſeries, 7 able of L. Cough, an hysteric manifestation in young women. It is a paroxysmal cough, with a pe- culiar hoarse and muffled sound, like the barking of a dog. L. Crisis, an acute laryngeal spasm, occurring in the course of tabes dorsalis. L. Dilator, an in- strument designed to dilate the larynx, when the latter has become constricted by cicatricial tissues, or from other causes. L. Edema, infiltration of a fluid or semi-fluid into the submucous connective tissue of the larynx. It is usually associated with some disease or injury of the larynx, and occurs mainly between the eighteenth and thirty-fifth years. It is characterized by dyspnea and dysphagia. L. Epilepsy, a peculiar neurosis of the larynx characterized by a sense of Suffocation during sleep. There is no discoverable lesion. L. Mirror, a small circular, silvered-glass mirror used in laryngoscopy. L. Nerve. See Aerºes, Zab/e of L. Paralysis, a loss of power of some or of all of the muscles of the larynx. L. Pouch. See Pouch. L. Reflex. See Aºſlaves, 7able of L. Spaces, the upper, middle, and lower parts into which the larynx may be conveniently di- vided. L. Vertigo. See I artigo and Z. Fºilepsy. Laryngectomy (lar-in-jek’-ſo-ſ, e) [2dpv) ;, larynx; ŠKTopºff, a cutting out]. An operation for the extir- pation of the larynx. Laryngemphraxis (lar-in-ſemi-fražs/-īs) [2 6 p.m.; $ , larynx ; Śuſhpaşag, stoppage]. Closure or obstruction of the larynx. * Laryngismal (lar-in-ji:/-ma/) [Zapvyyi.euv, to vocifer- ate]. Relating to laryngismus. Laryngismus (lar-in-jºz/-me/s) [?apvyyſ.stv, to vocifer- ate]. A term loosely applied to various spasmodic affections of the larynx, such as epileptic spasm. See Alaryngeal Epilepsy. L. paralyticus, a paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in horses, producing the affection called “roaring.” L. stridulus, laryngospasm ; spasmodic croup; spasm of the glottis. A spasmodic affection of the larynx, mainly confined to the early period of childhood. There is a sudden arrest of respiration, with increasing cyanosis, followed by long, loud crowing inspirations. This affection occurs in rachitic children and especially in such as are of the neurotic tendency. The attack may be severe enough to terminate life. LARYNGITIS Laryngitis (ſar-in-ji’-tis) [?&pwyś, larynx; itic, inflam- mation]. A catarrhal inflammation of the larynx ac- companied by sore-throat, hoarseness, and, usually, painful deglutition and cough. In severe cases there may be edema, dyspnea, and Suffocation. In infants it is much the same disease as catarrhal croup. It also accompanies malignant affections of the throat and trachea, such as diphtheria, carcinoma, etc. L., Atrophic, a chronic form with atrophy of the mucous membrane. L. catarrhalis, catarrhal inflamma- tion of the larynx. L., Croupous. See Croup. L., Diphtheric. See Croup. L., Dry, a chronic form in which the secretion is small or dries into crusts. L., Edematous. See Laryngeal Edema. L., Fetid, a form with a sticky exudate that decom- poses. L., Follicular, a form in which the mucous glands are involved. L., Glandular. See Z., Ao//icular. L., Granular. See Z., Follicular. L., Hypertrophic, a chronic form with hypertrophy of the tissues. L., Membranous. See Diphtheria. L., Parenchymatous. See Z., Phlegmonozes. L., Phlegmonous. See Zaryngeal Edema. pous, a form characterized by the presence of polyps. L., Pseudo-membranous, an inflammation of the laryngeal mucous membrane characterized by the presence of a pseudo-membrane of a whitish-gray color, of varying consistency, and different degrees of attachment. It is usually met with between the second and seventh years. There is a paroxysmal cough, with hoarseness and increasing dyspnea, with occasional attacks of Suffocation. Death frequently results. L., Serous. See Zaryngeal Edema. L., Simple, a subacute catarrhal laryngitis. L., Spas- modic, a form in which there is spasm of the glottis. L., Stridulous, laryngitis with stridor. L., Sub- mucous. See Z., Phlegmomous and Zaryngeal Adema. L., Suffocative, diphtheria. L., Tuber- culous, laryngeal tuberculosis. A chronic, usu- ally painful, inflammation of the larynx due to the development of “tubercles.” There may be infiltra- tion, ulceration, and destruction of the cartilages. L., Ulcerative, characterized by the presence of ulcers. Laryngocace (lar-in-goź/-as-e) [?&pwyś, larynx; Kakóg, bad]. See Croup. Laryngocentesis (lar-in-go-sen-te/-sis) [?&pwyś, larynx; kévrmouc, puncture]. Surgical puncture or incision of the larynx. Laryngo-fissure (lar-in/-go-fish/-är) [?épvyš, larynx; fissura, from findere, to cleave]. Division of the larynx for the removal of tumors or foreign bodies. Laryngography (lar-in-gog/-ra-ſe) [Wöpvyš, larynx; ypájetv, to write]. A description of the larynx. Laryngologic, Laryngological (/ar-in-go-lo/-ik, lar- in-go-lo/-ić-al) [26pvyš, larynx; 7.6)0ſ, science]. Per- taining to laryngology. Laryngology (lar-in-go/-o-je) [?&pwyś, larynx; 7.6)0g, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the larynx. Laryngometry (lar-in-gom/-et-re) plétpov, measure]. the larynx. Laryngonecrosis ( lar-in/-go-me-/*ro/-sis) larynx; vékpoolç, death]. of the larynx. Laryngoparalysis (/ar-in/-go-far-a/-is-is) [Wäpvyś, larynx; Tapážvaig, palsy]. Loss of the voice or par- alysis of the vocal bands from nervous affections, and not from local disease. Laryngopathy (ſar-in-goº/-aſh-e) [26pw):, larynx; Tráffog, a suffering]. Any disease of the larynx. Laryngophantom (lar-in-go-ſan'-tum)[%pvyč, larynx; [%ápvyš, larynx; The systematic measurement of [%ápvyś, Necrosis of any portion 660 L., Poly- LARYNCOTOMY pantóg, visible]. An artificial larynx designed for illustrative purposes. Laryngo-pharyngeal (ſar-in/-go-far-in/-je-al) [Adpvyś, larynx; pápvyš, pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to larynx and pharynx. Laryngo-pharynx (lar-in/-go-far/-inks) [Aépvyš, lar- ynx; pápvyš, pharynx]. The inferior portion of the pharynx. It extends from the greater cornua of the hyoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. Laryngophony (lar-in-goff’-o-ne)[Aápvyš, larynx; hová, voice]. The sound of the voice observed in auscul- tation of the larynx with the stethoscope; also, the sound of the voice observed in auscultation of a large cavity in the lung. Laryngophthisis (lar-in-goff’-this-is) [Aépvyč, larynx; gdiotç, wasting]. Laryngeal tuberculosis. Laryngoplasty (lar-in/-go-p/as-te)[Aá- pvyš, larynx; Tââooetv, to shapel. Plastic surgery or operation upon the larynx. - Laryngoplegia (lar-in-go-ple/je-ah) [%ápvyš, larynx; tāmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of one or more muscles of the larynx. Laryngorrhagia (lar-im-gor-a/-je-ah) [%ápvyč, larynx; bºy wival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the larynx. Laryngorrhea (lar-in-gor-e'-ah) [Aé- pvyš, larynx; bota, a flow]. Ex- cessive secretion of the laryngeal mucosa, especially on attempting to use the organ. Laryngoscope (lar-in/-go-sköp) [Aé- pvyš, larynx; orcorrelv, to examine]. An instrument for examination of the interior of the larynx. Laryngoscopist (lar-in-gos/-ko-pist) [Wäpvyč, larynx; Groteiv, to ex- amine]. An expert in laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy (lar-in-gos/-Ao-pe) [Aá- pvyč, larynx; aroſtěiv, to examine]. Examination of the interior of the larynx by means of the laryngoscope. Laryngospasm (lar-in/-go-Spazm)[Wä- pvyč, larynx; OTaopuðg, spasm]. Spas- modic contraction or closure of the glottis ; spasmodic croup, as distin- guished from inflammatory croup. Laryngospasmopsellismus (lar-in- go-spaz-mop-se/-īz/-mus) [Aépvyš, la- rynx; otaopióg, spasm ; "pe?%topóg, stammering]. Spasmodic stammer- ing of laryngeal origin, without the utterance of words. Laryngostasis (lar-in-go-stas/-īs) [Wä- LARYNGoscopic MIRRORs. pvyš, larynx; otáotç, stagnation]. a. Small. b. Large. Synonym of Croup. - Laryngo-stenosis (lar-in/-go-ste-mo/-sis) [?&pvyš, lar- ynx; otévootſ, contraction]. Contraction in size or in caliber of the larynx. Laryngosyrinx (lar-in-go-si/-ringás) [Aápvyš, larynx; oiptyś, pipe; pl., Zaryngosyringes]. A laryngeal tube. Laryngotome (lar-in/-go-tom) [?&pvyč, larynx; Touff, a cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in laryngotomy. Laryngotomy (lar-in-goº/-o-me) [26pvyč, larynx; Téu- velv, to cut]. The operation of incision of the larynx. L., Complete, incision of the larynx through its whole length. L., Median, incision into the larynx through the thyroid cartilage. L., Subhyoid, in- cision into the larynx through the thyro-hyoid mem- brane. L., Superior, and L., Thyro-hyoid, incision into the larynx through the thyro-hyoid membrane. LARYNGO-TRACHEAL Laryngo-tracheal (lar-in/-go-tra/-ke-a/) [24pvy;, lar- ynx; Toaxeia, the windpipe). Pertaining conjointly to the larynx and the trachea. Laryngotracheitis (lar-in-go-tra-Ae-i/-tis) [2.Épvyč, lar- ynx; Tpaxelv, windpipe; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the larynx and the trachea. Laryngotracheopyra (lar-in-go-tra-Ae-op/-ir-ah). Sy- nonym of Crouſ?. Laryngotracheotomy (lar-in-go-tra-Ae-of/-o-me) [26p- vyš, larynx; toaysia, windpipe; Topff, cutting]. That form of the operation of tracheotomy in which the cricoid cartilage, and one or more of the upper rings of the trachea are divided. Laryngo-typhoid (lar-in/-go-tº-ſoid), Laryngoty- phus (lar-in/-go-ti’-ſus) [Zápwyś, larynx; Tipog, smoke]. Typhoid fever associated with marked laryn- geal complications. ~ Larynx (lar/-in/s) [Aépvyč, larynx]. The upper part of the air-passage between the trachea and the base of the tongue. It comprises three single cartilages, the Alſº Twº INSERTION OF MUSCLEs. O. h. Os hyoides. C. the Thyroid cartilage. Corp. trit. Cor- pus triticeum, or lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. C. c. Cricoid cartilage, C. tr. Tracheal cartilage. Lig. thyr.-hyoid med. Middle thyro-hyoid ligament. Lig. th:-h. lat. Lateral thyro- hyoid ligament. Lig, cric.-thyr. med. Middle crico-thyroid ligament. Lig. cric-trach Crico-tracheal ligament, M. st.-h. Sterno-hyoid muscle, M. th:-hyoid. Thyro-hyoid muscle. M. st.-th Sterno-thyroid muscle. M. cr.-th. Crico-thyroid muscle. thyroid, the cricoid, and the epiglottis, and three pairs of cartilages, the arytenoids and those of Santorini and Wrisberg. It is lined by an extremely sensitive mucosa, which is thrown into two transverse, lipped folds that constitute the vocal bands. Lascivious ('as-iv'-e-us) [/ascivia, wantonness]. Li- bidinous. Wanton. Having an unlawful desire. Laser (la/-ser) [L.]. I. A gum-resin highly prized by the ancients; probably the same as Asadulcis, Q. v. 2. The resin of Laserpitium latifolium. Unof. Laser, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. - Laserpitium (las-er-pish’-e-um) [L.]. A genus of res- inous and umbelliferous old-world herbs, various spe- 661 LATERAL cies of which have been employed in medicine. L. latifolium, or laserwort, is tonic and stimulant; its root abounds in a cathartic gum-resin. Unof. Lash [ME., ſashe, the flexible end of a whip]. An eye-lash. * Lassaigne’s Test. See Semen and Tests, Table of Lassar's Paste. A paste used in the treatment of ery- thema intertrigo. It consists of Salicylic acid 30 grains, oxid of zinc and powdered starch each 6 drams, vaselin 2 ounces. This is spread over the involved area. It is curative and affords protection from discharges. Lassitude (las/-it-ild) [/assitudo, Massus, tired]. A state of exhaustion or weakness, arising from causes other than fatigue. Lasso-cell. One of the peculiar filiferous cell-like structures of celenterates, having the power of throw- ing out with great rapidity the contained thread, which produces a stinging sensation when brought in contact with the skin; a nettling-cell ; an urticating organ. Lata, or Latah (la/-ta/.) [Jav.]. An hysteric neurosis locally prevalent in Java, nearly identical with the disorder of the jumpers in Maine and Canada, and with the myriachit of Siberia. The will and the motor centers appear to lack coördination, and the patient becomes to some extent obedient to the will of others, in spite of his own volitions. See Palmus and Chorea, Automatic. Latebra (lat/-eč-rah) [ſatebra, a hiding-place: pl., Zat- ebrae]. In biology, the central space of the food-yolk of a meroblastic ovum. Latebricole (lat-eô/-riž-o/) [latebra, a hiding-place; colºre, to dwell]. In biology, inhabiting a hiding- place, as certain spiders, crabs, etc. Latency (la/-ten-se) [/atere, to be hid]. of being latent or concealed. Latent (la/-tent) [/atere, to be hid]. Concealed. Not manifest. In physics, applied to heat that apparently disappears when a liquid is vaporized or a solid melted. L. Period, the time required for the incubation of a disease. L. Squint. See Insufficiency. Laterad (lat/-er-ad') [latus, the side; ad, to]. Toward the lateral aspect. Lateral. (lat/-er-al) [lateralis, belonging to the side]. At, belonging to, or pertaining to the side. Situated on either side of the median vertical plane. See Position and Direction, Table of L. Column, that column of the spinal cord between the ventral and dorso-lateral fissures. L. Ginglymus, an articulation in which a pivot turns within a ring or a ring around a pivot. L. Laparo-nephrectomy, Langenbuch's operation. See Operations, Zable of L. Line, in biology, a very delicate organ of sense, usually tubular, that runs along each side of almost all fishes. According to M. de Sède, it is sensitive to the faintest movements of the water, giving the fish continual information as to the state of the medium in which it lives. L. Operation, that form of operation in lithotomy in which the opening is made on the right or left side of the perineum. L. Organs. See Organs. L. Plates, the part of the mesoblast lying external to the pro- vertebrae. L. Sclerosis, Amyotrophic, a disease of the lateral columns and anterior gray matter of the cord. It is characterized by motor weakness and a spastic con- dition of the limbs, associated with atrophy of the muscles and final involvement of the nuclei in the medulla oblongata. The cause is unknown, and death may result in from two to three years. L. Sclerosis, Primary, Spasmodic 7abes dorsalis, Spasmodic Spinal Paralysis ; Spastic Paraplegia a sclerotic disease of the crossed pyramidal tracts of the cord characterized by paralysis of the limbs, with rigidity, increased The condition LATERALITY tendon-reflexes, and absence of sensory and nutritive disorders. A peculiar characteristic jerking gait is pro- duced, and clonus of the limb may be readily excited. Males are most frequently affected, and the disease occurs usually between the ages of twenty and fifty. Syphilis, exposure, and traumatism are mentioned as causes. The duration is long. L. Sclerosis, Secondary, the descending degeneration that takes place in the lateral columns of the spinal cord after and below lesions of the cerebro-spinal axis, L. Sinuses, the two veins of the dura mater situated in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli. L. Ventricles. See Ventricle. + Laterality (lat-er-a/-it-e) [lateralis, belonging to the side]. Excessive development on one side. Lateralization (lat-er-al-iz-a/-shun) [lateralis, lateral]. The localization of a disease upon one or the other side of the body. Lateralized (lat/-er-al-izd) [lateralis, lateral]. ized on one side ; directed to one side. Lateren (lat’-er-en) [latus, side]. Belonging to the lateral aspect in itself. Latericious, Lateritious (lat-er-ish/-us) [lateritius; later, brick]. Pertaining to an urinary sediment resem- bling brick-dust. Latericorn (lat/-er-ić-orn) [latus, side; cornu, horn]. In biology, one of the lateral pieces of the bill-sheath of certain birds. Latericumbent (lat-er-ik-um/-bent) [latus, side; cum- bere, to lie]. Lying on the side. - Lateriflection, Lateriflexion (lat-er-iſ-le/-shun). See Zateroflection. Laterifolius (ſat-er-if-o'-le-us) [latus, side; folium, a leaf). In biology, growing alongside of a leaf. Laterigrade (lat/-er-ig-rad) [latus, side; gradus, step]. Progressing sideways. Laterinerved (lat/-er-in-ervd) [latus, side; nervus, nerve]. In biology, applied to such leaves as have lateral nerves. Laterirectus (lat-er-ir-e/-tus) [latus, side; rectus, straight]. The rectus capitis lateralis muscle. See Muscles, Table of Lateriversion (lat-er-iv-er/-shun). See Zaferoversion. Latero-abdominal (lat-er-o-aē-dom/-in-a/)[latzes, side; abdominalis, pertaining to the abdomen]. Pertaining both to the side and the abdomen. L. Posture, Sims' posture. See Postures, Table of Laterocaudal (lat-er-o-Kaw/-dal) [latus, side ; cauda, tail]. In biology, situated laterally and posteriorly. Latero-cervical (lat-er-o-ser/-vić-a/) [lateralis, lateral; cerzſix, the neckT. . At or about the side of the neck. Laterodorsal (lat-er-o-dor’-sal) [latus, side; dorsum, back]. In biology, placed at one side of the upper surface. Lateroflection, or Lateroflexion (lat-er-osſiek'-shun) [lateralis, lateral; ſectere, to bend]. Flexion or bending to one side. Lateromarginal (ſat-er-o-mar/-jin-a/) [latus, side; margo, edge]. Placed on the lateral edge, Lateronuchal (/a/-er-o-nu/-ka!) [latus, side; mucha, nape]. Situated at the side of the nape of the neck. Lateropulsion (lat-er-o-fºu!’-shun) [lateralis, lateral ; pellere, to drive]. An involuntary motion or bearing to one side; a symptom in certain central neuroses. Lateroretroversion (lat-er-o-re-tro-zerº-shum) [latera- lis, lateral; retro, backward; vertere, to turn]. Re- troversion (of the uterus), with deviation to one side. - Laterostigmatal (lat-er-o-stig/-mat-a/) [latus, side; stigma, a mark]. In entomology, located on the side of the body above the stigmata. Lateroversion (lat-er-o-ver’-shun) [/atus, side; vertere, Local- 662 LAUDANUM to turn]. A term applied to the deviation of the uterus from the central position. It may be quite con- sistent with health and require no treatment. Latex (la/-teks) [L., liquid : //., Zatices]. The sap or the juice of the tubes or vessels of plants. L.-cells, cells giving rise to latex or milky juice. Latham's Theory. . A theory as to the constitution of the proteid molecule; it claims that the living proteid is composed of a chain of cyanalcohols, or cyanhydrins, as they are sometimes termed, united to a benzene nucleus. - - Lathyrin (lath/-ir-in) [Åáðuptſ, pulse]. tractive of lathyrus. Lathyrism (lath/-ir-izm) [Aéðuptc, pulse]. Lupinosis; an affection, observed only in males, produced by the use of meal from varieties of vetches, chiefly the Mathyrus sativus and L. cicera. The grain is popu- larly known as the chick-pea. It gives rise to a form of spastic paraplegia, with tremor, involving chiefly the legs, and this may proceed to complete paraplegia. There is exaggeration of the knee-jerk and ankle-clonus. The arms are rarely, if ever, affected. It appears to be a slow sclerosis induced by this toxic agent. * . - Lathyrus (lath/-ir-us) [Aáðuptc, pulse]. A genus of leguminous plants. L. cicera, a species of vetch, commonly known as “chick-pea.” L. sativus. See Lathyrism. Latibulum (la-tib/-u-lum) [L., latere, to lie hid]. A lurking-place for disease, infection, or poison. Laticiferous (lat-is-if”-er-us) [latex, liquid ; ferre, to bear]. In biology, producing or containing latex, or milky juice. Laticostate (lat-ik-os/-tät) [latus, broad; costa, rib]. Having broad ribs. Latifia (la-tif-e'-ah) [Cf. Ratoftaj. An alcoholic li- queur, or aromatic cordial, with tonic drugs, as gentian, cherry-bark, quassia, and rhubarb; it is called also Dutch bitters. Latifoliate (lat-if-o'-le-āt) [Jatus, broad; folium, a leafl. Broad-leaved. Latipennate (lat-iſ-en/-ä) [latus, broad; pennatus, winged]. In biology, broad-winged. Latipennine (lat-ip-en/-in). Same as Latipenmate. Latissimus (lat-is/-im-us) [superl. of latus, widel. An adjective signifying widest. It is used as descrip- tive of certain muscles. L. colli. See Muscles (Platysma myoides), Table of L. dorsi. See Muscles, 7 able of Latrine (la-tren/) [Fr.]. A water-closet or privy, especially one in a public place or institution. Lattice-work of the Thalamus. The formatio retic- ularis, 7, z. Latus (la/-tus) [L.J. Broad. L. ani, synonym of Mevator ani. See Muscles, Table of Laudable (law/-da-bl.) [laudabilis, or laudandum, praiseworthy]. Formerly, indicative of a healthy or improving condition; characterizing an active inflam- mation, as laudable pus. (Obs.). Laudanin (law/-dan-in) [Wóðavov, a gum], CºoHoº NO,. One of the alkaloids of opium. It is soluble in chlo- roform and in alkaline solutions. - Laudanosin (law-dan/-o-sin) [Aéðavov, a gum], C, H, NO,. A crystallizable alkaloid of opium. Laudanum (lod”-am-um) [derivation undetermined: by some derived from /audatum medicamentum, the praiseworthy drug ; by others from laude dignzem, worthy of praise; by others, again, from Zadanum 3. Tinctura opii. See Opium. L., Liquid. Synonym of Vinum opii. See Opium. L., Rousseau's, a prepa- ration used in Belgium, France, and Mexico, consisting of opium, honey, beer-yeast, water, and alcohol. L., A bitter ex- LAUGH Sydenham's. Synonym of Vinum opii. L., War- ner's, an ammoniated tincture of opium. Unof. Laugh (lahf) [ME., laughen, to laugh]. I. To make an audible expression of mirth. 2. The audible expres- sion of mirth. L., Canine, L., Sardonic. Synonyms of Æisus sardonicus, g. v. Laughing, or Laughter (ſah/-ing, lahſ’-ter) [ME., Jaughen, to laugh]. A succession of rhythmic, spas- modic expirations with open glottis and vibration of the vocal bands. L. Gas, nitrous oxid, or protoxid of nitrogen. See AVitrous Oxid and Anesthetics. L. Muscle, the risorius. See Muscles, Table of. Laugier's Hernia. See Hernia and Diseases, Table of Laumonier's Ganglion. The superior carotid gan- glion. Laurel (law/-rel, lor’-el) [laurus]. See Cherry-laurel, California Zaurel, Great Laurel, Áalmia, Zaurus. L.-water, aqua laurocerasi. See Cherº y-laurel. Laurer, Canal of. See Canal. Laurin (ſaw/-rin) [ſaurus, laurel], C2, Hsp93. A fatty, crystallizable substance obtainable from the berries of the European laurel, Zaurus mobilis. Lauro-cerasus (law-ro-ser/-as-us) [laurus, laurel; cerasus, cherry-tree]. See Cherry-laurel. Lauro- cerasi folia, the leaves of the European cherry-laurel. Laurus (Jazz/-rats) [L.]. A genus of old-world trees and shrubs; the true laurels. Formerly the plants that produce benzoin, camphor, cassia, cinnamon, etc., were assigned to this genus, but at present it is much restricted by botanists. L. nobilis, the noble laurel, is indigenous in the south of Europe. Its fragrant oils §: essential, from the leaves, and the other fixed, rom the berries) are chiefly used in liniments. Unof. Lauryl (law/-ril) [ſaurus, laurel], C12H25. A univa- lent radicle, the hydrid of which is dodecane. Laurylene (law’-ril-en) [laurus, laurel], C12H2. A liquid with a high boiling-point, found in certain mineral oils. Lauth's Ligament. See Ligament. See Pigments, Conspectus of Lava (lah/-vah) [L., a flood or torrent]. The molten ejecta of a volcano. Lavage (lav-ahzh/) [Fr.]. Irrigation or washing out of an organ, such as the stomach, the bowel, etc. Lavamentum (lav-am-en/-tum) [Zavare, to wash]. An injection. Lavandula (lav-an/-du-lah). See Zavender. Lavater, Angle of. See Angle. Lavatera (ſav-at-e'-rah) [after the two Zavaters, phy- sicians of Zurich]. A genus of malvaceous trees, shrubs, and herbs, natives of the old world. L. thuringiaca, L. triloba, and others abound in mucilage, and are used as demulcent remedies. Unof. Lavation (lav-a/-shun) [Zavatio, from lavere, to wash], Lavage. L. of the Blood, intravenous injection of Water. Lavatory (lav/-at-or-e) [lavatorium, a place for bathing]. A wash or lotion for a diseased part. Lave (ſāv) [lavare, to wash]. To wash; bathe. Lavel % ) [Prov. Eng.]. A local name for the epiglottis. Lavement (lāv/-ment) [lavare, to wash]. I. A wash; the act of washing. 2. A clyster or enema. Lavender (/av/-en-der) [Zavare, to wash]. The flowers of Zavandula vera, having properties due to a volatile L.'s Violet. oil. It is aromatic, stimulant, and carminative, but is used mainly as a flavor and as an adjuvant to other medi- cines. Lavandulae, Ol., the volatile oil distilled from the whole herb. Dose muj-v. L., Ol., Flo- rum, the oil distilled from the fresh flowers; prefer- able to the preceding. Dose mi–v. A constituent of Spé. odoratus. L., Spirit of, 5 parts of the oil 663 LAW in 95 of alcohol ; a perfume. Dose 3 SS-j. L., Tinct., Comp., oil of lavender 8, oil of rosemary 2, cinnamon 18, cloves 4, nutmeg Io, red Saunders 8, alcohol 680, water 27o, dilute alcohol to make IOOO. Dose 3 ss—ij. A constituent of Fowler's solution. To the labiate genus Zavandula also belong Z. spica, or broad lavender (which furnishes the oil of spike), and other medicinal species. Laveran’s Corpuscles, or Plasmodia. The Plas- modia malaria, first described by Laveran as Os- ciſ/aria malariae. See Parasites (Animal), Table of, and Plasmodium. Laville's Liquid Mixture, or Antigout Remedy. A mixture used in acute rheumatism. It is said to be a tincture of quinin and colocynthin, but very prob- ably the active principle in it is colocynthin. See Colocynthis. Lavipedium (lav-ip-e'-de-um) [lavare, to wash; £es, foot]. A foot-bath; a pediluvium. Law (law) [ME., ſawe, a law]. A generalized and epitomized statement of facts. A general rule, or constant mode of action of forces, or phenomena. A rule of action prescribed by authority. See /urisprit- dence. L. of Abridged Transmission, the forms assumed by an individual in its ontogeny differ some- what from the accepted ancestral type. L. of Adap- tation, the law that a living organism, under whatso- ever conditions, will mould itself into harmony with those conditions, and thus continue its existence, whether in a more perfect or less perfect form. L., Angström's, of Absorption-spectra, the “rays that a substance absorbs are precisely those that it emits when made self-luminous.” L., Ampère's. See Ampère. L. of Avogadro, equal volumes of all gases and vapors, at like temperature and like pressure, con- tain an equal number of molecules. L., Baer's, the principle that the evolution of any animal form is determined, first, by increasing histologic and morpho- logic differentiation, and secondly, by transition from a more general to a more specific type. L., Bell's, the law that the ventral roots of the spinal nerves are motor, and the dorsal sensory. See also Pſal/erian ZXegeneration. L., Berthollet’s, when two salts in solution can by double decomposition produce a salt less soluble than either, this salt will be produced. L., Boudin's, that antagonism exists between tuber- culosis and malaria. L., Boyle's, at any given temperature the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely to the pressure that it bears. This is also called Mariotte's Law. L., Brewster’s, the angle of polarization of abody is equal to that angle of incidence at which the reflected rays are at right angles to those refracted. L., Charles’s, equal increments of temperature add equal amounts to the product of the volume and pressure of a given mass of gas. The increase is gºs of its volume measured at –273°C., which is the zero of absolute temperature. L., Colles’, a child born of a mother who is without ob- vious venereal symptoms, and which, without being ex- posed to any infection subsequent to its birth, presents symptoms of syphilis when a few weeks old, can infect the most healthy nurse, whether she suckle it or merely handle and dress it, while it will not infect its own mother, even though she suckle it while it has venereal ulcers of the lips and tongue. L. of Contemporane- ous Transmission, changes in an individual appear at the same time as they appeared in its ancestor. L., Coulomb's, the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges of electricity is proportional to the quantity of electricity acting, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. L., Dalton’s, or L., Dalton-Henry's, although the volume of a gas LAW absorbed by a liquid remains constant, the weight (volume multiplied by the density) of the absorbed gas rises and falls in proportion to its pressure. L. of Definite Proportions, when two or more chemic substances unite to form a compound, they do so in a fixed and constant proportion. L., Delboeuf's, a congenital variation of a number of individuals in a species, if not advantageous or injurious, and if not balanced by reversion, will produce a variety, the proportion of which to the whole species tends to reach equality. L. of Diffusion of Gases through Membranes. See L., Graham’s. L. Donders’. See Z., Zisting’s. L., Dulong and Petit’s, the products of the specific heat of elements in the solid state multiplied by their atomic weights are (approxi- mately) the same; i. e., the atomic heat of elements is (nearly) a constant. L. of Electrotonus, in anelectrotonus the excitability and rate of nervous conduction are diminished, while the electromotive power is increased ; whereas in kathelectrotonus, the excitability and rate of nervous conduction are in- creased, while the electromotive power is diminished. (Rutherford.) L. of Eccentric Sensations, that wherever excitation occurs, whether in the nerve-cells themselves or anywhere in the course of the nerves leading to the cells, consciousness always refers the sensation to the presence of some external cause of excitement, i. e., the power of conception always pro- jects every sensation that reaches the consciousness outward, that is, to where the cause of the excitement is normal. (Rosenthal.) L., Faraday’s : I. The quan- tity of an electrolyte decomposed in a given time is pro- portional to the strength of the current acting upon it. 2. The quantities of the substances decomposed are pro- portional to their chemic equivalents. 3. The electro- lyte must be a conductor. 4. The strength , of the electrolytic force is the same in all parts of the elec- trolyte. L., Fechner's, the more expanded and accurate statement of Weber's Law as to the relation between the intensity of stimuli and the changes in the resulting sensations, a constant ratio exist- ing between the strength of the stimulus and the intensity of the sensation. With increase of the stimulus the sensation increases only as the logarithm of the stimulus. As there is a lower limit (threshold) or liminal intensity of excitation, so there is an upper or maximal height of sensibility. Between the two is the Range of Sensibility. L., Fleischl's, of Con- traction, that the excitability of a nerve varies at different points in its course. L. of Functional Sub- stitution. See Z., Pulpian’s. L., Gay-Lussac’s. See 664 J., Charles's. L., Goodell's, Rule of Ready Practice: “when the cervix uteri is as hard as one's nose, preg- nancy does not exist; when it is as soft as one’s lips, pregnancy is probable.” L., Graham's, the rate of diffusion of gases through porous membranes is in in- verse ratio to the square-root of their density. L., Gud- den's, lesions of the cortex do not give rise to lesions of the nerves of the periphery. L., Haeckel's Fun- damental Biologic, the principle that every organ- ism, in its ontogeny, goes through a series of stages, each of which represents a stage in the evolution of that class of organisms to which it belongs; heredity influencing or securing its palingeny, and the environ- ment causing its kenogeny; in other words, “that the ontogeny is a short repetition of the phylogeny.” L., Henry's. See Z., Dalton’s. that a nerve-trunk supplying a given joint also supplies the muscles moving that joint and the skin over the insertion of those muscles. L. of Homotopic Transmission, variations or acquired characters ap- pear in the parts of an individual as in those of its pro- L., Hilton’s, LAW genitor. L., Hook and Gravesande’s, of Elasticity, that the tension is directly proportionate to the length of the body extended, and to the amount of the extend- ing weights, and that it is also inversely proportionate to the diameter of the extended body. L., Huxley's, the physical differences between man and the higher apes are less marked than those between the higher and the lower apes. L., Joule's, the heating-power of a current is proportional to the product of the resist- ance, the square of the current-strength, and the time the current flows. L., Kirchhoff’s, in electricity: I. The sum of all the positive currents is equal to the sum of all the negative currents, and, hence, if we add these, the result is zero. 2. The sum of all the electromotive forces in any circuit is equal to the sum of all the products obtained by multiplying the separate currents by the resistances through which they are flowing. 3. In optics, the law that a transparent body absorbs from a beam of light passing through it those rays which it emits in the incandescent state. See L., Angström's. L., Kofacker-Sadler's, a law as to the cause of the difference of sex. From a study of 80,000 cases these observers conclude that if the husband is younger than the wife there are as many boys as girls; if both are of the same age there are Io29 boys to IOOO girls; if the husband is older, IOS7 boys to IOOO girls. L., Kopp's (of boiling-points), the addition of CH, to members of certain homologous series of chemic compounds raises the boiling-point about 19.5° C. L., Lenz’s, the law in electro-magnetic induction that the direction of induced currents is such that their reaction arrests the motion that produces them. L., Levert’s, that in placenta praevia there is a marginal insertion of the cord. L., Listing’s, pertains to the movements of the eye-ball : when moved from the position of rest, the angle of rotation in the second position is the same as if the eye were turned about a fixed axis perpendicular to the first and second positions of the visual line. L., Louis’, in adults the lungs usually contain tubercle when it is present elsewhere in the body. L., Magnus's, in thermo-electricity, the law that “in cir- cuits of the same metal throughout, no electromotive force is produced by variation in temperature or of section of the conductor at different parts of the circuit.” L., Malaguti’s, when two salts are mixed in solution double decomposition occurs and four salts are formed (metathesis), the proportions of each depending on the strength of union of the respective basic and acid radicles. L., Mariotte's, the law of physics that the volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure to which it is subjected. See Z., Boyle's. L. of Molecular Weights, the molecular weight of an element is twice its atomic weight (with the exception of Hg and Cd); the molecular weight of a compound is equal to half the sum of the atomic weights of its elements. L. of Multiple Proportions, that two substances uniting to form a series of chemic com- pounds, do so in proportions that are simple multiples of one another or of one common proportion. L., Newton’s, the unit force is that force which, acting for unit time on the unit mass, produces unit velocity. L., Ohm’s, the law that the current-strength varies directly as the electromotive force, and inversely as the resistance. It is usually expressed by the formula E R-E y the electromotive force in volts; R, the resistance of the external, and y, that of the internal part of the circuit, in ohms. L. of Organic Balance, exces- sive development of one part of an organism is coun- terbalanced by deficient growth of another part. L., Pflüger's, “a given tract of nerve is stimulated by , in which C is the current in ampères; E, LAWN-TENNIS ARM the appearance of kathelectrotonus and the disap- pearance of anelectrotonus—not, however, by the disappearance of kathelectrotonus, or by the appear- ance of anelectrotonus.” L. of Progress, the law of progressive increase in the perfection of organisms in the successive periods of the earth’s history. L., Psycho-physical. See L., Fechner's. L. of Re- ciprocal Proportions, two elements combining with a third do so in proportions that are simple multi- ples or simple fractions of those in which they com- bine with each other. L. of Refraction, that rays of light entering a denser medium are deflected toward a perpendicular drawn through the point of incidence, and those entering a rarer medium are deflected away from the same perpendicular. L., Ritter's or Ritter- Valli’s, if a nerve be separated from its center, or if the center die, the excitability of the nerve is in- creased, the increase of excitability begins at the central end, and travels towards the periphery; the excitability then falls until it disappears entirely. L. of Sexual Transmission, a parent transmits charac- teristics to children of his or her sex not transmitted to the opposite sex. L., Stokes’: I. See Z., Angström's. 2. Every muscle in relationship with an inflamed mucous or serous surface becomes paralyzed. L., Tait's, in every disease of the abdomen or pelvis in which the health is destroyed or life is threatened, and in which the condition is evidently not due to malig- nant disease, an exploration of the cavity by celio- tomy should be made. L., Toynbee's, a law con- cerning intra-cranial disease secondary to otitis. It is that the cerebellum and lateral sinus suffer from disease of the mastoid, while the cerebrum is endan- gered by caries of the tympanic roof. L., Valli- Ritter's. See L., Ritter- Walli’s. L., Van der Kolk's, the sensory fibers of a mixed nerve are dis- tributed to parts that are moved by muscles that re- ceive the motor fibers of the same nerve. Thus, in nerve-lesions the chief sensory symptoms are always peripheral or distal from the chief motor symptoms. L., Volta's, of Tension, the contact of two differ- ent substances produces an electromotive force equal to the algebraic difference of their electric condition, which difference is constant for the same substances. L., Vulpian’s, the functions of a destroyed portion of an animal’s brain are assumed by the remaining portion. L., Wallerian, of Degeneration; from experiments Waller showed that the trophic centers of the ventral roots of spinal nerves lie in the multipo- lar nerve-cells of the ventral horns of gray matter, while those of the dorsal roots lie in the ganglia placed upon them. Generalized, the law predicates that the course of the impulses in a nerve may be ascer- tained by tracing the course of the subsequent degen- eration. L., Weber's, the principle that that varia- tion of stimulus that causes the smallest appreciable variation in sensation maintains, approximately, a fixed ratio to the total stimulus. See also Z., Aech?zer’s. g Lawn-tennis Arm. Displacement of the tendon, or body (or both) of the pronator radii teres. Com- mon in lawn-tennis players. L.-t. Knee. See Anee. L.-t. Leg, tendinous, fascial, or muscular rupture in the calf or sura. Lawsonia (law-so'-ne-ah). See Henna. Lax (laks) [laxus, loose]. Loose; not tense. Laxarthrus (laks-ar'-thrus) [laxus, loose; ip6pov, joint]. Luxation of a joint. Laxative (laks/-at-iv) [laxativus, laxare, to loosen J. I. Aperient; mildly cathartic. 2. An agent that loosens the bowels; a mild purgative. Isaxator (laks-a/-tor) [/axare, to loosen.]. That which 665 LEAD loosens or relaxes. A name applied to various mus- cles. L. tympani. See Muscles, Zable of. Laxitas (lažs/-it-as) [L.]. Looseness. L. alvi, diar- rhea. L. gingivarum, spongy gums. L. intes- tinorum, diarrhea. L. ventriculi, atony of the stomach. Laxity (laks/-īt-e) [laxitas, looseness]. Lack or loss of tone or tension; a relaxed, loose, or spongy state of a tissue. Layer (la/-er) [ME., leyer, a layer]. A mass of uni- form, or nearly uniform, thickness, spread over or covering a considerable area. L., Bacillar (of the retina), the layer of rods and cones of the retina. L., Basement, basement membrane, g. v. L., Bow- man's. See Zamina, Bowman's. L., Fibrous (of the £ericardium), the outer layer of the pericardium, con- tinuous above with the deep cervical fascia. L., Funda- mental, one of the three layers of the blastoderm, g. v. L., Ganglionic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral cortex, best developed in the motor area. L., Ger- minal. See L., Fundamental. L., Henle’s, the outer layer of the inner root-sheath of the hair. L., Huxley's, the inner layer of the inner root-sheath of the hair. L., Horny (of the epiderm), the superficial layer of the skin. L., Inner Molecular, one of the layers of the retina. L., Latticed, the formatio reticu- laris, g. v. L., Malpighian, the rete mucosum of the skin. L., Ollier's. See Z., Osteogenetic. L., Osteogenetic, the lower layer of periosteum, con- nected with the formation of bone. L., Papillary (of &he skin), the upper layer of the true skin, having papil- lary projections fitting into the epidermis. L., Pig- mentary (of the retina), the innermost layer of cells of the retina extending also to the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. L., Primitive, or Primordial, the layers of the blastoderm; by some applied to epiblast, hypo- blast, and mesoblast; by others to the first two only. L. of Rods and Cones. See Z., Aacillar, and Retina. L., Serous, the ental layer of serous mem- branes, consisting of endothelium. Layering (la/-er-ing) [ME., Zeyer, a layer]. propagation of plants by layers. Layette (lay-et/) [Fr.]. The full outfit of garments, bedding, etc., for a new-born child. Layman (la/-man) [D., ſeeman, a layman]. ber of the laity. Lazar (ſa/-2ar) [from Zazarus, a Biblical name]. An old name for a leper, or for any person having a repul- sive disease. - Lazaret Fever. A synonym of 73 phus Fever, g. v. Lazaretto (/a2-ar-et/-o) [Ital., a pest-house]. A quar- antine establishment. Also, a place for fumigation and disinfection. Lazari malum (laz/-ar-i ma/-/um) [L., “Lazarus' ill”]. Synonym of Zeprosy. Lazulite (laz/-u-lit) [S., azul, blue]. A mineral of a light-blue color, composed of the hydrous phosphate of aluminum, magnesium, and iron. Leaching (lech/-ing) [ME., ſeechen, to wet]. In chemistry, removing by percolation. Lead (led) [ME., leed, lead]. See Plumbum. L., Black. See Graphite. L.-colic. See Co/ic. L.- encephalopathy, a morbid condition of the brain due to chronic lead-poisoning. L.-line, blue line; the line of discoloration on the gums in cases of chronic lead- poisoning. L.-pipe Contraction, Weir Mitchell's term for the marked resistance encountered in attempting to flex the legs in cases of spastic paraplegia of infants, the resistance gradually yielding as the effort to flex is maintained ; also the condition of the limbs in the cataleptic state in which they maintain any position that is given them. L.-pipe Paralysis. Same as The A mem- LEADER A.-Alpe Contraction. L.-poisoning, plumbism ; Saturn- ism ; painters' colic; lead-palsy; systemic poisoning. It is due to the introduction of lead into the system. The symptoms are disturbed nutrition, anemia, the gingival line, lead-colic, constipation, pains in the limbs, local muscular paralysis (wrist-drop) and wast- ing, Saturnine encephalopathy, etc. The treatment consists in stopping ingress of lead to the system, its elimination by iodid of potassium, aperients, particularly the sulphates, etc. L., Sugar of. See Plumbi acetas. L., Vinegar of, liquor plumbi subacetatis, q.v. Also applied to alkaline solutions of basic lead salts. L., White, basic lead carbonate(PbCO3), Pb- (OH),. L., Pattison's White, the oxychlorid of lead; it is used as a paint. Leader (le/-der) [ME., leder, a leader]. tendon ; a main artery; a terminal shoot. Leaf (ſef) [ME., leeſ, leaf; Aérog, a scale]. In botany, an expanded plant-organ, produced laterally from the stem or branch, and, regarding only the way in which it originates, applied arbitrarily to the carpels, stamens, floral envelops, cotyledons, and ordinary leaves. See Aolia. L.-cup. See Bearsfoot. L.-green. See Chlorophyl. Leaflet (ſef’-let) [ME., leeſ, a leaf). leaf-like organ or appendage. Lean (Zen) [M.E., lene, lean]. Scant of flesh; thin ; spare. Free from fat. L.-faced, having a thin face. Leanness (/en/-nes) [ME., lene, lean]. A condition of having less than the usual amount of fat or flesh. It may be natural, or the result of disease. Leap (ſep) [ME., lepen, to spring]. To bound; to Spring up. Leaping (ſep/-ing) [ME., leften, to spring]. Springing; jumping. L. Ague, a synonym of Dancing Mania. Leash (lesh) [ME., leesshe, a leash]. The network of branches into which a nerve-trunk or a vessel may be divided. Leather (leth’-er) [ME., lether, leather]. A material manufactured from hides or skins by the process of tanning, which may be done by a number of methods. The following are the main varieties of leathers so produced: Sole-leather; this is the heaviest and firm- est variety of leather produced. It is made from the heaviest and thickest hides, and is valued for its fine grain and toughness. It retains the whole thickness of the hide. Opper and Harness Zeathers, these are made from lighter hides, and are tanned for strength and flexibility rather than for weight. The black color and finish are put on upper leather by coating it with a mixture of lamp-black, linseed oil, and fish-oil, to which tallow and wax and a little soap have been added. Morocco Zeather, the true morocco leathers are manufactured from goat-skins. A cheaper grade, known as French morocco, is produced from sheep- skins. AEnamelled or Palent Leaſhers, these are leath- ers finished with a water-proof and brightly varnished surface, similar to lacquered wood-work. Thin and split hide is used for these. Russia Zeather is peculiar in its characteristic odor and its ability to withstand dampness, without any tendency to mold, both of which qualities it owes to the currying with the empy- reumatic oil of birch-bark. Chamois Zeaſher is a soft felt-like leather, originally prepared from the skin of the chamois-goat, but now made from other goat-skins and from the “flesh splits'' of sheep-skins. Crown Zea/her is a variety intermediate between oil-tanned and tawed leather, being stronger than the first and more water-resistant than the latter. The leather readily becomes moldy, but seems to be strong and specially adapted for belting. White-tanned or “ Zazyed '' Zeather, skins to be tanned with the hair A sinew or A small leaf, or 666 LECTUAL on, as sheep-skin rugs, etc., as well as light calf-kid and glove-leather, are always alum-tanned. The glove- leather thus obtained has softness and considerable strength, but is not thoroughly water-resistant. Parch- ment and Pellum ; the first of these is prepared from the skins of sheep and goats, and the second from the skins of calves. The skins are washed, limed, un- haired, and fleshed, and then stretched thoroughly. They are then again well-scraped and rubbed with pumice-stone, and allowed to dry on a frame in the shade, care being taken to avoid sunshine or frost. Very fine vellums are prepared with the finest pumice-stone. Pégºras, a valuable side-product of the leather indus- try. It is essentially an emulsion of oxidized fish-oil, produced by soluble albuminoids. It is used largely for currying purposes. L.-brown. Same as Pheny- Zeme-brown. L.-wood. See Dirca palustris, Leathery (ſeth/-er-e) [ME., lether, leather]. Resem- bling leather; applied to thickened arteries, to various tough tissues in the body, and to the liver, spleen, or lungs, Leaven (lev/-m) [levare, to raise]. A name given to several species of ferments belonging to the class of Saccharomyces, of which the culture known as “sour dough '' is a common example. Leban, Leben (ſeb/-am, leb'-en) [Ar., leban]. A variety of fermented milk of the Arabs. It is made by adding some of the fermented milk of the previous day to the fresh milk as soon as it is brought in from the milking. It is a slightly acid fluid of the consist- ence of cream, with small, flaky curds, and with the taste of buttermilk. It is easily digested, and hence is suitable for invalids. It corresponds to the “Matzoon ’’ of the Turks. Leber’s Disease. optic nerve, with atrophy. See Diseases, 7 able of Lecat's Gulf. The dilated bulbous portion of the urethra. Lecheguana (ſa-cha-gwan/-ah) [Port.]. A kind of poisonous honey collected in S. America from flowers of the genera Paul/inia and Serjania. It produces hilarity, followed by heavy narcotic slumber, and later by melancholic depression. Unof. Lechopyra (lek-op/-ir-a/.) [Wexã), a lying-in woman; trip, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. Lecithigenous (les-ith-ij/-em-us) [Aéktflog, yolk; yew- vāv, to beget]. Producing lecithin. Lecithin (lesſ-ith-in) [Aéktflog, yolk of egg], C. Hoo- NPOs. A complex nitrogenous fatty substance occur- ring widely spread throughout the animal body. It is found in the blood, bile, and serous fluids, as well as in the brain, nerves, yolk of egg, semen, pus, and white blood-corpuscles. It is a colorless, slightly crystalline substance, readily soluble in cold, and very much so in hot alcohol. It swells up in water, and throws out curling filamentous processes at the same time. It is easily decomposed. The lecithins, as a class, form a group of substances the type of which is normal lecithin. Lecithoid (les/-ith-oid) [2.Éktflog, yolk; elóog, like]. Resembling lecithin. Lecithophore (les/-īth-o-for) [Aéktflog, yolk; popeiv, to bear]. A layer of cells in the ovum, constituting the floor of the segmentation-cavity. Lecithus (les/-ith-us) [Aékiffog, yolk]. The egg-yolk. Lecithymen (les-ith-i/-men) [Aéktflog, yolk; buffv, mem- brane]. The vitelline membrane. Leclanché Cell. See Cell. Leco (le/-ko) [Amlcá, penis]. The penis. Lectual (leſ/-tu-al) [L., lectus, a bed]. Pertaining to a bed or couch. L. Disease, a disease that confines one to bed. Congenital malformation of the Hereditary optic atrophy. f* LECTULUS Lectulus (lek/-tu-lus) [dim. of lectus, bed]. name for various forms of splints, cushions, and pads used in surgery; also, a bed or couch ; a couch or mattress containing medicinal substances. L. medi- catus, a dry fomentation. Ledon (le/-don) [Åfföov, cistus]. See Zadanum. Ledoyen's Disinfecting-fluid. A solution of lead nitrate. Ledran's Suture. See Suture. Ledum (le/-dum) [Affdom', a species of cistus]. A genus of ericaceous shrubs. L. palustre, marsh-tea, the leaves of which have been used as a febrifuge and sedative, and in skin-diseases. Unof. Ledyson, Powder of. A powder containing Armenian bole, with powdered charcoal, slaked lime, Sal am- moniac, and powdered cinnamon. Leech (lech.) [AS., lace, physician]. I. Hirudo medi- cinalis, or other worm-shaped aquatic and blood- sucking animals employed in surgery. 2. Formerly a medical practitioner; a physician. 3. To extract blood by leeching. See Hirudo. L., Artificial, an apparatus for cupping. See Heurteloup. L.-craft, an archaic name for the art of healing. L., Horse. See Horse-leech. L.-tube, a glass tube in which a leech is placed so that its mouth will come in contact with the skin of the part over which the tube is placed. Leecher (lech/-er) [ME., leeche, a physician]. A per- son who applies leeches. Lees (lez) [AS., les, dregs]. The dregs or solid mat- ter held in suspension by a liquid, that finally settles at the bottom of the vessel. Especially the sediment of vinous liquors. Also, a valuable side-product in the manufacture of wine. It is the deposit formed on the bottom of the casks, and consists of from 30 to 40 per cent. of vegetable matter, the remainder being tartrates, sulphates (in plastered wines), alumina, phosphoric acid, etc. Leeting (let'-ing). the skin in eczema. Le Fort's Operation. Left [ME., left, left]. See Operations, Table of Sinistral; opposite of right. The left-hand side. In man and other mammals, the side containing the larger part of the heart. L.- brained, having the speech-center in its normal situ- ation, in the left third frontal, or subfrontal convolu- tion. L.-handed, having more power and dexterity in the left than in the right hand. L. Lateral Recumbent Position. See Postures, Table of Leg [ME., leg, leg). The lower extremity of man, especially that part from the knee to the ankle. An organ of locomotion in man and other animals. L., Bandy, bow-leg. L., Barbadoes, elephantiasis of the leg. L., Black, of Canada, a condition of purpura affecting the legs of Canadian lumbermen. L., Cochin. See M., Barbadoes. L., Crossed, a crossing of the axes of the legs. L., Dentist's, a painful cramp in the leg-muscles of dentists. L., Dover's, a term for hypochondriasis. L.-ill. See Black Leg. L., Lawn-tennis. See Lawn-tennis Leg. L., Milk, phlegmasia alba dolens. L., Scissors. See Z., Crossed. madidans. L., White. See L., Milà. Legal (le/-gal) [lex. legis, law]. Pertaining to law. L. Medicine, medical jurisprudence. Legal's Disease. Headache due to meningo-tympanic disease. See Diseases, Table of Legitimacy (le-jit/-im-as-e) [legitimare, to make law- ful]. The condition of being within the bounds of the law. Also, the statutory recognition of a child born within wedlock, or within a period of time necessary § ºtion. which may elapse after the death of the ather, 667 An old The exudation on the surface of - L., Weeping, a leg the seat of eczema LEMITHOCHORTON Legume (leg/-äm or leg-ſim/) [legere, to gather (so- called because it may be gathered by the hand) J. In biology, the fruit of plants of the pea or pulse family, a pod splitting along both sutures, and formed from a simple pistil. Legumin (leg-ze/-min) [/egumen, pulse]. A proteid compound in the seeds of many plants belonging to the natural order of leguminosae. Vegetable casein. See Casein. Leguminosae (leg-u-min-o/-se) [legumen, pulse]. The pulse family; an important family of plants compris- ing the bean, the clover, the lentil, the pea. Licorice, indigo, gum arabic, senna, are also obtained from species of this family. Leguminous (leg-te/-min-us) [legumen, pulse]. taining to or resembling the Zeguminosae. Leicester System. A system of combating smallpox that consists in isolation, quarantine, and disinfection, without vaccination. Leiocephalous (li-o-sef’-al-us) [Zeioſ, smooth ; Kepa?ff, head]. Having a smooth head. Leiodermia (li-o-der/-me-ah) [Zeioc, smooth; 6%pua, skin]. A disease of the skin marked by abnormal glossiness, and by atrophy. Leiodermatous (li-o-der/-mat-us) [Zeioſ, 6épua, skin]. Smooth-skinned. Leiomyoma (ſi-o-mi-o’-mah) [Zeioc, smooth; uïc, muscle ; Śua, a tumor : pl., Zeiomyomata]. A tumor consisting largely of unstriped muscle-fibers. Leiopilous (ſi-op/-i/-us) [Zeioc, smooth ; Tizoc, wool]. Same as Zeiocephalous. Per- Smooth ; Leiopus (li’-o-pus) [Atioç, smooth; toic, foot]. Syn- onym of Talipes planum, or flat-foot. Leiotrichous, Liotrichous (li-of/-rik-us) [Zeioc, smooth; 6pt:, hair]. Having smooth or straight hair. See Zissotrichotts. Leiphemia (li-ſe/-me-ah) [Åetirety, to fail; alua, blood]. Failure, poverty, or a depraved state of the blood. Leipodermia (ſi-po-der/-me-ah) [Åettetv, to leave; ôépua, skin]. A deficiency of the skin, especially of the prepuce. - Leipomeria (li-po-me/-re-ah) [Åeitetv, to leave; uépoc, part]. A monstrosity with absence of one or more limbs. Leipopsychia (li-pop-si’-ke-ah) [Åeitretv, to fail; puxh, spirit]. Fainting; weakness; asphyxia. Leipothymia (li-po-thi’-me-ah) [Åeitelv, to fail; 6vuóg, mind.]. A fainting or syncope. Leipothymic (Ji-po-thi’-mić) [Aeirety, to fail; thºuðg, mind.]. Faint; affected with or pertaining to leipo- thymia. Leipsic Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. L. Yellow. Same as Chrome-yellow. Leipyria (li-pir’-e-ah) [Weitetv, to fail; tip, fire]. Coldness, as of the extremities, during a high fever. Leitch's Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Leiter's Apparatus, Coil, or Tubes. Tubes of soft, flexible metal designed for application about any part of the body. Cold water is passed through the tubes, thereby reducing the temperature of the parts encased. Leithner's Blue. Same as Cobalt-blue. Lekene (le/-ken). The principal constituent of Cau. casian ozokerite ; it melts at 79° C., and has the com- position CnH2n+2 or CnH2n. Lema (le/-mah) [2%um, rheum]. The collection of dried matter sometimes seen at the canthus of the eye. Lembert’s Suture. See Szeft/re. Lémery's Powder. A stimulant and digestive powder containing cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, cloves, mace, musk, and raisins. L.'s Salt, magnesium sulphate. Lemithochorton (ſem-ith-o-kor/-ton). Same as Hel- minthochorton. LEMMA Lemma (lem/-ah) [Aéupua, peel; fl., Lemmata]. A general name for a limiting or ensheathing membrane; e. g., neurilemma, sarcolemma, etc. It is mostly used in composition. In embryology, the outer layer of the germinal vesicle. Lemnian Earth (lem/-ne-an) [2%uviog, Lemnian]. A variety of reddish kaolin, originally found in the Isle of Lemnos; a kind of bole (7. v.) used as an astrin- gent; also, as a detergent, like fuller’s earth; Lem- nian bole. See, also, Ocher. Lemniscus (ſemi-mis/-kus) [Anuviokoç, fillet]. I. A ribbon-like appendage. 2. Fillet; a triangular area on the lateral slope of the mesencephal, in which the fibers run approximately cephalo-dorsad. It is dorso- cephalad of the demarcation-line of the pons, and con- stitutes the most ventral part of the tegmentum. Sev- eral divisions are made; e. g., inferior, lateral, and median or superior lemniscus. 3. In biology, the name given by Rudolphi to a glandular, filiform organ, pendent, on either side of the proboscis-sheath, in the anterior body-cavity of Æchinorhynchus. Dujardin considers it to be of the nature of a salivary gland. Lemon (ſem/-on). See Zimon. Lemonade (lem-on-ád') [Zimon, lemon]. An acidulous, refrigerant drink made from the juice of lemon. L., Sulphuric Acid, a solution of sugar in water con- taining sulphuric acid. It is used in lead manufac- tories to prevent lead-poisoning. Lemoparalysis (ſe-mo-far-a/-is-is) [Watſu69, gullet; Tapá%volç, palsy). Paralysis of the esophagus. Lemostenosis (le-mo-s/e-mo/-sis) [Walp16ſ, gullet; oté- 1900 tº , ...; Constriction of the pharynx or esophagus. Lendigerous (len-dj/-er-us) [ſens, alouse's egg ; gerere, to bear]. Bearing or having vesicles. Lenhossek, Bundle of. The ascending root of the vagus and glosso-pharyngeal nerves. Leniceps (/en/-is-eſs) [lenis, mild ; capere, to seize]. A form of obstetric forceps, with short handles; it is so called because it was designed to be safer in use than the ordinary forms. Lenient (/e/-me-ent) [/eniens, softening]. I. Lenitive; emollient. 2. An emollient medicine or application. Leniment (len/-im-ent) [lenire, to soothe]. A liniment or soothing application. Lenitis (/en-º’-ris). A term for phlegmonous gastritis, or suppurative inflammation of the areolar tissue of the stomach. . Lenitive (/en/-it-iv) [Zenitivus, soothing]. Emollient or demulcent; laxative or aperient. 2. An emollient remedy or application; an aperient or mildly cathartic agent. L. Electuary, confectio Sennae. Lens (/enz) [L., a lentil]. A regularly-shaped piece of glass or crystal for the refraction of rays of light. The crystalline lens of the eye. L., Achromatic. See Achromatic. L., Apochromatic. See Apo- chromatic. L., Astigmatic. See Z., Cylindric. L., Astigmatic, of Stokes, an apparatus con- sisting of two plano-cylindric lenses, one concave, the other convex, the two of equal focal distance ; it is used in the diagnosis of astigmatism. L., Biconcave (negative or minus (—) lens), a thick- edged lens having concave spheric surfaces upon its opposite sides; it is used in spectacles to cor- rect myopia. L., Biconvex (positive or plus (+) lens), a thin-edged lens; it has two convex surfaces, and is used to correct hyperopia. L., Bifocal. See Ai/ocal. L., Cicatricular, a lenticular body in the ovum formed by the junction of the germinal vesicle and the non-germinal layer of the ovum. L., Con- vergent or Converging, a double convex or plano- convex lens that focuses rays of light. L., Crystalline, 668 LENTICULAR the lens of the eye, situated immediately behind the pupil. L., Cylindric (either minus or plus), one ground upon a cylindric tool, i. e., one with a plane sur- face in one axis and a concave or convex surface in the axis at right angles to the first. L., Decentered, one in which the optic center is not opposite the pupil of the eye. L., Dispersing, a name for a concave lens. L.-paper, a soft absorbent paper much used for clean- ing lenses; it is also known as Japanese filter-paper. L., Periscopic, one with concavo-convex or convexo- concave surfaces, the opposite sides being of different curvatures; it is used to avoid spheric aberration, and to gain a greater field of clear vision; such lenses are called meniscus lenses. L., Plano-concave, Plano- W= | E | $# &= 5 6 DIFFERENT FORMS OF SPHERIC LENSES. 1. Biconvex lens. , 2. Plano-convex. 3. Concayo-convex, or convergent meniscus. 4. Biconcave. 5. Plano-concave. 6. Convexo-concave, or divergent meniscus. convex, Plano-cylindric, have a plane surface upon one side and a curved surface upon the reverse side. L., Prismatic, a triangular bar of glass. L., Spheric, one whose curved surface, either concave or convex, is a segment of a sphere, in contradistinction to a cylin- dric lens. L., Sphero-cylindric, one with a spheric surface upon one side, and a cylindric surface upon the reverse, used for the correction of either myopia or hyperopia, associated with astigmatism. See Spectacle- ſenses. L.-star, the stellate figure seen on the pos- terior surface of the crystalline lens. L., Test or Trial, one of a set of lenses employed in determining refractive errors. Lentice1 (/en/-is-el) [ſenticella; dim. of lens, lentil]. Any one of the little mucous follicles or crypts at the base of the tongue; any lenticular gland. In biology, a lens-shaped collection of cells; applied to the dots on new bark and to certain glands. Lenticellate (ſen-tis-el/-ät) [ſenticella; dim. of lens, lentil]. Having lenticels. Lenticonus (/en-tić-o’-mus) [/ens, a lens; conus, a cone]. A rare, usually congenital, anomaly of the lens in which there is a conical prominence upon its anterior, or more rarely upon its posterior, surface. Lenticula (len-tik/-u-lah), Lenticule (/en/-täk-ºil) [L.; dim. of lens, lentil : //, Zenticulae]. I. Same as Mentigo. 2. A mass of gray matter in the brain situ- ated in the hemicerebral wall, between the caudatum and the cortex. It consists of three zones known as articuli, all more or less striated, the ental the small- est, and the ectal, also called putamen, the largest The latter is of a deeper reddish-gray color than the two mesal divisions, which together are termed globus pallidus. 3. In biology: (a) a spore-case: (b) a freckle. Lenticular (len-tik/-u-lar) [ſenticularis, lens, a lentil], Pertaining to, or resembling, a lens; also a descrip- tive term applied to an instrument with a curved cut- ting-edge for removing the rough edges of bone made by the trephine. L. Ganglion. See Gang/ia, Table of L. Nucleus, the lenticula, Q. v. * LENTIFORM Lentiform (len/-täform). See Zenticular. Lentigines (len-tij/-in-èz) [lens, a lentil]. See Lentigo. L. leprosae, the pigmented spots of macular leprosy. Lentiginose, Lentiginous (len-ºff’-in-Öz, len-tij/-in-us) [lentiginosus, freckled]. Affected with lentigo. Speckled or freckled. Lentigo (len-ti’-go) [lens, a lentil ; pl., Zen/igines]. A freckle; ephelid. A circumscribed spot or patch of pigment, small in size, and occurring mainly on the face and hands. Freckles rarely occur before the age of eight years, and are not common in aged persons. They are most frequent among people of light com- plexion. Those occurring upon parts of the body not exposed to the sun’s rays are called “cold freckles.” L. aestiva, summer freckles. L. congenita, pig- mented nevus. Lentil (ſem/-til) [ſenticula, a lentil]. The plant Zens escalenta ; also its flat lenticular seed, a kind of pulse, valued as an article of food. + Lentitis (/en-fi/-ſis). See Phaćitis. Lentoid (len/-toid) [lens, lentil ; eiðog, like]. shaped, or lenticular. Lentor (/en/-for) [lentor; lenſus, adhesive]. Viscidity Lens- of a liquid; slowness of any function, or process. L. cordis, sluggishness of the heart. Lentous (len/-tus) [lentus, thick]. or viscid. Lenus (le/-mus) [Amyóg, a depression]. A depression; the torcular herophili, Q. v. Lenz’s Law. See Zaw. Leonard’s Tint. A name for methyl-violet, penta- methyltriamido-triphenylcarbinol, used for staining mi- croscopic sections and bacteria. Leonine (leſ-o-min). [leoninus, belonging to a lion]. Lion-like ; resembling a lion. ~, Leontiasis (le-on-ti/-as-is) [leo, a lion]. A variety of elephantiasis in which the patient’s face is said to re- semble that of a lion. See AElephantiasis and Thick, tenacious, Leprosy. L. ossea, L. ossium, a form of Sclerosis of bone, following osteitis, in which nodular deposits are seen upon the diseased bone. L. vitulina, a con- genital disease characterized by a painless enlargement of the face, giving it some resemblance to that of a calf. Leontodin (le-on/-to-din) [Aéov, a lion; 6600c, a tooth]. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of dandelion, Leontodon taraxacum , it is a tonic, diuretic, aperient, and hepatic excitant. Dose two to four grains. Unof. Leontodon (le-on/-to-don). See Taraxacum. Leonurus (le-on-w/-rus). See Motherwort. Leopard’s Bane (lep/-ardž öän). See Arnica. Lepal (le/-pal) [Weſtiç, a scale]. In biology, a barren stamen; a stamenode. Leper (left/-er) [Weſtpóg, scaly]. leprosy. Lepidin (left/-id-in) [Weſtic, scale], C, Ha(CHA)N. I. Methyl-quinolin, a substance that occurs with quino- lin and quinaldin in coal-tar, and is obtained on distill- ing cinchonin with potassic hydrate. It possesses an odor like that of quinolin, and boils at 257°C. 2. A bitter principle from Zepidium iberis; it is reputed to be antipyretic. Unof. Lepidium (left-io/-e-um) [Åettótov; Aetic, scale]. A genus of cruciferous herbs; cress, or peppergrass. L. iberis, L. latifolium, L. ruderale, L. sativum, and L. virginicum, have been used in medicine. They are antiscorbutic, and stimulant, and are reputed to be antipyretic. Unof. Lepido- (ſep/-id-o-) [Åetic, scale]. A prefix signifying a Scale, or scaly. Lepidoid (lep/-id-oid) [Åetic, scale]. Having the ap- pearance of a scale. - One affected with 669. LEPROLOGY Lepidoplastic (ſep-id-o-plas/-tić) [Weſtic, scale ; tāāo- oeuv, to form]. Forming scales. Lepidoptera (left-id-off’-der-ah) [2 eſtic, scale; trepôv, a wing]. An order of insects distinguished by feather- like scales and a spirally-coiled suctorial apparatus. The order includes butterflies and moths. Lepidosarcoma (left-id-o-sar-Ao’-ma/.) [Aetic, scale; Gápkopia, sarcoma]. A sarcoma covered with scales, occurring in the mouth. Lepidosin (left-ia”-o-size) [Zetic, scale]. A substance in the scales of fishes analogous to dentine. Lepidosis (left-id-o/-sis) [Weſtic, scale]. Same as Ichthy- osis. Also, a synonym of Zepra and of Pityriasis. Lepidote (ſep/-id-64) [Zeitiç, a scale]. In biology, scurfy or covered with small scales. Le Pita. Synonym of 7?nea imbricata. Lepocyta (left-osſ-it-ah) [2.ÉTog, a scale, a husk ; kūtog, a hollow, a cavity]. In biology, a unicellular organ- ism furnished with a limiting membrane. Cf. Gym- zzocyta. Lepocyte (leſ/-o-sit) [2.ÉTog, a scale, a husk; kitoc, a hollow]. In biology, a nucleated cell possessing a cell- wall. Cf. Gymnocyte. Leposteophyton, or Leposteophytum (left-os-te-o-ft/- zon, lep-os-te-o-ft/-tum) [Åetrog, scale; botéov, bone; ºvTóv, plant]. A new growth of bone, scaly in character. Lepothrix (left/-o-thriks) [2.ÉToç, scale; floíš, the hair]. A condition in which the hairs of the axillae or scrotum are fringed with feather-like masses along the shaft, or become encased in a sheath of hardened sebaceous matter. Lepra (left/-rah) [?&Tpa, leprosy]. I. Leprosy. An en- demic, chronic, and highly malignant disease, some- what analogous to syphilis in pathologic character. It is prevalent in Europe and Asia, especially along the Mediterranean shores, but is rare in North America. It is a constitutional disease preceded by malaise, de- bility, and languor, followed by characteristic bullous, macular, or tubercular lesions of the skin. Its cause is the Bacillus leprae discovered by Hansen. See Leprosy, and Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of, and also Psoriasis. 2. A so called “false leprosy,” ap- parently a form of psoriasis. L. alba or albida, white leprosy. L. alphos. See Asoriasis. L. anaes- thetica. See Zeprosy. L. antanea. Same as Leprosy, Tuberculated. L. asturiensis. Synonym of Pel/agra, Q. v. L. fungifera. Synonym of Aºramõesia. L. ichthyosis. Ichthyosis, Q. v. L. italica, or mediolanensis, pellagra, Q. v. L. macu- losa, the stage of true leprosy, characterized by the presence of pigment-spots. L. mediolanensis. See A. ſta/ica. L. melas, black leprosy. L. mutilans, the final stage of true leprosy, in which there is a loss of members. L. nervorum. See Zeprosy, AVerve. L. nervosa. Same as Zeprosy, Anesthetic, Q. v. L. nodosa, or L., Nodular. See Leprosy. L., Non-tuberculated. See Zeprosy. L. of Willan, psoriasis. L. tuberosa. See Zeprosy, Zuberculated. L. umbrosa. See Zeprosy, A/acá. L. vera. See Zeprosy. L. vulgaris, a synonym of psoriasis. Leprelcosis (left-rel-Áo/-sis) [287pa, lepra; 8%koolg, ulceration]. Leprous ulceration. Lepriasis (left-ri’-as-is) [2.ÉTpa, leprosy]. A synonym of leprosy and of psoriasis; an obsolescent term vaguely used to designate various scaly diseases of the skin. Lepric (ſep/-rié) [Åeſpucóg, leprous]. Pertaining to lepra. Leprologist (ſep-ro/-o-jisé) [Aérºpa, leprosy; Aóyog, science]. An expert or specialist in leprology. Leprology (left-ro/-o-je) [Métpa, leprosy; ŻóYog, science]. The science of leprosy. LEPROMORPHE Lepromorphe (left-ro-mor/ſe) [Aérpa, leprosy; popph, form]. An advanced stage in leprosy in which the bones are affected. Leprophobia (lep-ro-fo/-be-ah) [Aérpa, leprosy; pógog, fear]. Morbid or insane dread of leprosy. Leprophthalmia (lep-roff-thal/-/ne-a/ ) [Aérpa, leprosy; ôp6ažplóg, the eyel. Ophthalmia of a leprous charac- ter. - Leprosarium (left-ro-sa/-re-um) [L.]. A leper-house; leprosery. Leprosery (lep’-ro-serie) [Fr., leproserie]. A.eprosarium. Leprosity (ſep-rosſ-it-e) [/eprositas, from Wétpa, leprosy]. Leprousness; the state of being leprous. Leprosy (ſep/-ro-se) [Aétpa, leprosy], Zepra vera ; Alephantiasis gracorum ; Black Zeprosy, Leontiasis, an endemic, chronic, constitutional disease analogous to syphilis, and varying in its morbid mani- festations according as the brunt of the disease falls on the skin, the nerves, or other tissues. It occurs in three forms, the tuberculated, non-tuber- culated or anesthetic, and the mixed tuberculated. The tuberculated or modular leprosy is attended at the onset with debility, depression, dyspepsia, diarrhea, drowsiness, chilliness and profuse perspiration, marked vertigo, recurrent epistaxis, fever up to IO4° F.; after a variable period of days or even months, com- ing first with edema of the eyelids, the leprous spots appear on the face and ears, and then on the anterior and external surfaces of the limbs. The exanthem is an erythema, varying from a bright-red to a purplish-red or mahogany-red tint, associated with the leprous deposit of well-defined, shiny, slightly raised patches of from one to several inches in diameter. Papules then form in crops, gradually reaching the size of a hen’s egg and of a yellowish to a dark-brown color. Tuberculation does not develop until from three to six months after the commencement of the disease. Nodules are most com- mon on the face, limbs, breast, scrotum, and penis. There is also an involvement of the mucous membranes. When the disease is fully developed, the face assumes the characteristic leonine appearance, from thickening of the skin. Ulceration eventually sets in, and the patient dies of exhaustion or complications. Aſon- tuberculated Zeprosy is the most common tropical form. The prodromal symptoms are marked, and are asso- ciated at first with hyperesthesia of the skin. At the end of a year the special eruption breaks out, usually on the back, shoulders, posterior aspect of the arms, nails, thighs, and sometimes in the course of nerves. The spots are one or two inches in diameter, well- defined, not raised, and of a pale-yellow color. They spread peripherally, clearing in the center, which be- comes dry, scaly, and anesthetic. Paralysis is usually a Same as late symptom, and ulceration is common. Death results from ulceration, gangrene, marasmus, or general debility. Mixed tuberculated leprosy is the least common form, and its symptoms are a combination of those of the other two varieties. Destruction of the cartilages of the nose and of the soft palate is common. Leprosy is due to the action of a special bacillus, and the disease is almost invariably fatal. L., Anesthetic. See Zeprosy, AVerve. L., Articular. Synonym of Zepra mutilans, Q. v. L., Black, a form in which the eruption or the crusts are pigmented. L., Cutaneous. See Zeprosy. L., Italian. Pellagra, 7. J. L., Lombardian. See Pel/agra. L., Macular, a form of anesthetic leprosy characterized by the presence of pigmented or white spots. L. of Mal- abar, elephantiasis arabum. L., Mixed Tubercu- lated. See Zeprosy. L., Nerve, a form of leprosy characterized by the progressive formation of the 0 LEPTOMENINGES leprous neoplasm in the peripheral sensory nerves, and to some extent in the motor branches also. The condition is marked by pain along the course of the involved nerves, followed by an eruption of maculae which as they enlarge become anesthetic. L., Nodular. See Z., Zhubercular, under Zeprosy. L., Smooth, anesthetic leprosy. L., Tubercular, and L., Tuberculated. See Zeprosy. L., White. See Vitiligo. Leprotic (left-rotº-ić), Leprous (left/-rus) [Aétpa, lep- rosy]. Affected with, or relating to, leprosy. Leprousness (lep/-rus-nes) [leprosus, leprous]. state of being leprous. Leptandra (lep-tan/-drah) [Åettóc, thin ; avàp, male]. Culver’s Root. The rhizome and rootlets of Z. zir- ginica, now called Veronica virginica. Its properties are thought to be due to a glucosid, leptandrin. It is a tonic, laxative, and cholagogue, and is indicated in indigestion and chronic constipation. Dose of the ext. gr. j—iij; of the fla. ext, muxx–3 j. - Leptandrin (lep-tan/-drin) [Åetróg, thin ; avàp, male]. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Zeptan- dra (Veronica) virginica, alterative, deobstruent, laxative, cholagogue, and tonic. Dose from 2 to 4 grains. Unof. . . - Lepthymenia (ſep-thi-me/-ne-ah) [Aetróg, thin ; iſlāv, membrane]. Delicacy or thinness of membrane. Lepthymenic (left-ſhi-men/-ić) [Wettóg, thin ; iſlāv, membrane]. Relating to lepthymenia. Lepto- (ſep’-to-) [Wettóc, thin, small, slender]. A prefix signifying small or slender. Leptocardia (left-to-kar/-de-ah) [Wettóg, thin ; Kapóta, heart]. A group of fishes of which the lancelets are the only representatives. - Leptocephalia (lep-to-seſ-a/ º [Åetróg, thin, small; kepañ%, head]. Abnormal smallness or narrowness of the skull. Leptocephalic (left-to-seſ-a/-ä), Leptocephalous (ſep- to-seſ/-a/-us) [Aeſtróg, slight; kepañff, head]. Having an abnormally small head. Leptocephalus (left to-sef’-al-us) [Åettóg, thin ; Keſhawſ, head]. A monster with an abnormally small head from premature union of the frontal and sphenoid bones. Leptocephaly (left-to-seſ/-a/-e). See Zeptocephalia. Leptochasmus (left-to-kaz/-/nus) [Åettóg, thin ; xàopia, chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by two lines drawn from the punctum alae vomeris to the posterior nasal spine and the anterior margin of the foramen magnum respectively is between 94° and II4°. Leptochroa (left-to/-ro-ah) [Åettóg, thin ; Apóa, skin]. Delicacy of the skin. Leptochrous (lep/-to/*-rus) [Wettóg, thin ; Apóa, skin]. Having a delicate skin. Leptochymia (left-to-Aim/-e-ah) [Wettóg, thin ; Avgóg, juice]. Abnormal thinness or meagerness of the fluids of the body. Leptodactylous (left-to-da/-ti!-us) [Weſtróg, delicate; ôákrvãog, digit]. Characterized by slenderness of the fingers or toes, or both. Leptodera (left-tod’-er-ah) [Åetróg, thin ; 6époc, skin]. A genus of vinegar eels. L. stercoralis. See Thread-worms, and Parasites (Animal), Table of Leptodermic, Leptodermous (left-to-der’-mik, left-to- der/-mus) [28tróg, thin; 68pua, skin]. Having a delicate skin. Leptodontous (left-to-don/-tus) [Aertóg, thin ; 6000c, tooth]. Having thin or slender teeth. Leptomeninges (left-to-men-in/-jez) [Wertóg, thin ; piñvty;, a membrane]. The arachnoid and pia, or the pia alone. The LEPTOMENINGITIS Leptomeningitis (left-to-men-in-ji’-ſis) [Aertóg, slight; piñvly;, membrane; trug, inflammation]: Inflamma- tion of the pia and arachnoid of the brain and the spinal cord, in contradistinction to Pachymeningilis, though meningitis alone usually signifies the same as leptomeningitis. See Meningitis. L. cerebralis, an inflammation confined usually to the pia of the convex surface of an anterior lobe of the cerebrum. L., Cerebro-spinal, an inflammation of the pia of the brain and cord. L. spinalis, an inflammation of the pia of the spinal cord. L., Tuberculous, an in- flammation of the pia due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus. Leptomeninx (left-to-mem/-ingás) [Aetróc, delicate; piñvty;, membrane; pl., Zeptomeninges]. The pia or the arachnoid; in the plural (leptomeninges), usually the arachnoid and pia taken together. Leptophonia (left-to-fo/-ne-ah) [A&TTóç, delicate; pová, voice]. Delicacy, gentleness, or weakness of the VO1Ce. - º Leptophonic (left-ſo-ſon/-ić) [Åettóg, thin ; pová, voice]. Having a weak voice. Leptoprosope (left-top/-ro-sop) [?ettóg, thin; Tpó00- Tov, face]. A person, or a head, with a long, narrow face. - Leptoprosopia (ſep-to-pro-so'-pe-ah) [Zeiträg, thin ; Tpógoſtov, face]. Narrowness of the face. Leptoprosopic, Leptoprosopous (left-to-pro-sop/-ić, left-to-pros’-o-pus) [WeſtTóg, thin ; Tpóooſtov, face]. Having a long, narrow face. Leptorhine (ſep/-tor-in) [Åettóg, thin ; bic, nose]. Having a slender nose or proboscis. See Index. Leptorrhinia (left-for-in/-e-ah)[Åettóg, thin; bic, nose]. Narrowness of the nasal bones, or smallness of the nasal index. Leptorrhizous (lep-tor-i/-zus) [Åettóg, thin; hiſa, root]. Having a slender root. Leptosporangiate (left-to-spo-ran/-je-āt) [Åettóg, slen- der; atopá, seed; āyyelov, vessell. In biology, having sporangia formed from a single cell. Leptothrix (ſep/-to-thriks) [Weſtág, thin ; 6piš, hair]. A genus of bacteria, whose elements form straight fila- ments, often of great length; possibly indistinguishable from the genus Bacillus. L. buccalis, occasionally found in the mouth, plays a part in the formation of dental tartar and in the production of caries of the teeth. L. gigantea, found in tartar of the teeth. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Leptotrichia (lep-to-trik/-e-ah) [Åetróg, delicate; 6piš, hair]. Abnormal or excessive fineness and delicacy of the hair. Leptoxylem (lep-to-zi/-lem) [Åetróg, slender; £5% ov, wood]. In biology, undeveloped or rudimentary xylem. Leptus (left/-tus) [Wertóg, thin]. A genus of beetles. L. autumnalis, harvest bug; mower’s mite. A para- site that burrows under the skin, causing lesions similar to those of itch. See Parasites (Anima/), Table of Lerena (ler-e'-mah) [Añpmua, idle talk: pl., Zeremata]. An idle or childish utterance, as in senility, idiocy, or dementia. Leresis (ler-eſ-sis) [Affomotº, a speaking foolishly]. Garrulousness; insane or senile loquacity. Leros (le/-ros) [Affpoc, foolish speaking]. Slight delirium, with talkativeness. Lerp [Australian]. A kind of manna found upon the Aucalyptus dumosa, or mallee, an Australian shrub. L.-amylum, CaFI,00s, a peculiar carbohydrate found in the thready portion of lerp. Lesage, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of: 671 LETZERICH, BACILLUS OF Lesbian Love [Aéogog, Lesbian]. See Tribadism. Lesbianism (les’ be-an-izm) [Aéoguog, Lesbian]. The doctrine of Lesbian love. Leschenema (les-Aen-e'-mah) [Zéoxm, talk; Žeoxmueū- elv, to chat]. . Insane, senile, or hysteric loguacity. Lesion (ſe/-z/ium) [/aesio, loºdere, to hurt]. Any injury, hurt, or wound in any part of the body. In pathology, any morbid change. L., Central, one affecting the central nervous system. L. of Continuity, a division or break in any part that is normally continuous. L., Diffuse, one involving all the tissues of an organ. L., Focal, in the nervous system a circumscribed lesion giving rise to distinctive and localizing symp- toms. L., Initial, of Syphilis, the chancre. L., Irritative, in the nervous system a lesion exciting the functions of the part wherein it is situated. L. of Nutrition, any pathologic alteration in the capillary sys- tem, consisting of increase or decrease in the amount of blood required for assimilation and absorption. L., Organic, a morbid structural change in the tissues of an organ. L., Peripheral, a lesion of the nerve- trunks or of their terminations. L., Primary, of the Skin, the change in the skin occurring in the devel- oping stage of a skin-disease. This may be manifested by the macule, the papule, the tubercle, the pomphus, the phyma, the vesicle, the bulla, the pustule. L., Primary, of Syphilis. See Z., Initia/. L., Sec- ondary. I. In the skin, the change occurring in the primary lesion, due to irritation or other causes. It com- prises erosions, ulcers, rhagades, squamae, cicatrices or Scars, crusts, and pigmentation. 2. One of the second- ary lesions of syphilis. See Syphilis. L., Systematic or Systemic, in the spinal cord a lesion affecting one or more distinct systems or tracts, as in posterior sclero- sis. in which the posterior columns or tracts are dis- eased. L., Traumatic, one due to an injury. Lesser's Triangle. See Triangles, Zable of. Lethal (/e/-//a/) [/eſa/is ; /etum, or /ethum, death]. Deadly ; pertaining to or producing death. Lethal (ſe/-//al) [Ziff), forgetfulness], C, H, O. An alcohol found in spermaceti. - Lethality (le-tha/-it-e) [/ethalitas, from Jeſum, death]. Deadliness. Lethargic (/eſ/l-az’-jić) [2/6apytkóg, from 2%0m, a for- getting]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, lethargy. Lethargogenic (leſh-ar-go-jen’-ié) [2%ffapyog, forget- ful; Yevvāv, to produce], . Giving rise to lethargy. Lethargus (/eth-ar’-gus). See African Zethargy. Lethargy (ſet/-arºſe) [Ambapyia ; Afföm, forgetfulness]. A condition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be overcome by the will. See, also, Somnambulism. L., African, the African sleeping-sickness. L. of Silk- worms. See Flachérie. Lethe (le’-the) [2%th), forgetfulness]. Total loss of mem- ory; amnesia. Letheomania (le-the-o-ma/-ne-ah) [2%0m, oblivion; plavía, madness]. Morbid longing for narcotic drugs. Letheon (le’-ſhe-on). [Aff6), ſorgetfulness]. An old trade name for ethylic ether, used as an anesthetic. Lethiferous (ſeth-if”.er-us) [Afföm, forgetfulness; ferre, to bear]. Producing sleep. Letificant (le-tif’-ić-ant) [.ætificare, to make glad]. A term applied to any remedy acting as a stimulant tonic in melancholy and languor. Lettered (let/-era') [ſittera, a letter]. In biology, pos. Sessing markings that resemble letters. Letterwort (let'-ter-wert). Same as Hellebore, g. v. Lettuce (let/-us). See Zactucarium. Letzerich, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymati, Table of sº wº LEUBE AND RIEGEL's TEST-DINNER Leube and Riegel’s Test-dinner. A dinner to ascer- tain the condition of the secretory function of the stomach. It consists of 400 c.c. of beef-soup, 200 grams of beefsteak, 50 grams of white bread, and 200 c.c. of water. Leube's Pancreatic Meat-emulsion. See A/imenta- tion, Æecta!. Leuc-. For words thus spelled and not found below see Zeuk-. Leuca (leu/-kah). Synonym of Zeprosy, 7. v. Leucaethiops (ſu-se/-the-ops) [Åevkóç, white; Alfftop, Ethiopian]. An albino of the black race. Leuce (/u/-se) [Astºn; ŽevKóg, white]. also morphoea alba. Leucemia (ſu-se/-me-ah). See Leukemia. Leuchemia (lu-ke/-me-a/). See Zeukemia. Leucin (ſu/-sin) [AevKóg, white], CsPIs NO,. A crys- talline substance identical with amido-caproic acid, occurring in the pancreas, spleen, thymus gland, and other parts of the body. It is a product of pancre- atic digestion. It may occur in the urine, especially in acute yellow atrophy of the liver and in yellow fever. In the impure form it crystallizes in rounded fatty-looking lumps often aggregated and at times ex- hibiting radiating striation. When pure, it forms very thin, white, glittering, flat crystals, very soluble in hot water, and oily to the touch. See Scherer's Test in Tests, Table of Leucinosis (ſu-sin-o/-sis) [ÅevKóg, white]. I. Abnor- mally excessive proportion or production of leucin, as in the liver. 2. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. Leucism, Leucismus (lit/-sizm, lu-siz/-mus) [ÅevKóg, white]. In biology, whiteness resulting from bleach- ing or etiolation; albinism. Leucitis (ſu-si”-tis). Same as Sclerotitis. Leuco- (/u/-ko-). For words not found under this form see Leuko-. Leucomain (/u/-ko-mân). Leukangeitis (lu-Kanje-i/-éis). phangitis, 7. v. Leukanilin (ſu-Kan/-iſ-in) [2 evkóg, white; anilin], Co- H, NA. A substance obtained by digesting the fuchsin salts with ammonium sulphid. It occurs as a white, flocculent precipitate which separates from water in small crystals. It yields rosanilin by oxidation. 1.eukasmus (ſu-Aa2/-mus). See Zeukoderma. L., Acquired. See Zeukoderma. L., Congenital. See A/binismzes. Leukemia (lu-/te/-me-a/) [Zevkóg, white; alga, blood]. A disease of the blood and the blood-making organs, characterized by a more or less permanent increase in the number of white blood-corpuscles and the marrow of bone, and by enlargement of the spleen and the lymphatic glands, together or sepa- rately. The etiology is obscure ; a history of malaria or syphilis has been present in some of the cases. The most characteristic symptom is the increase of white corpuscles in the blood. Instead of the ordinary ratio of white to red—I to 500—IOOO—it may be I to 20, I to Io, or even I to I. Interesting changes are seen in the relation of the various forms of leukocytes established by Ehrlich (see Zeukocyte). In the myelo-splenic form of the disease, the lymphocytes are only slightly, if at all, increased. The eosinophiles are present in much larger numbers than normally. The polynuclear neu- trophile forms are not increased. In addition to these, cells not seen in normal blood are found—the myelo- cytes, large mononuclear leukocytes, filled with neu- trophile granules. They are held to originate in the bone-marrow. There is a moderate oligocythemia and a corresponding reduction in the amount of hemo- globin. The liver and the kidney may be the seats of a See Zenekomain. Synonym of Zym- 67 White leprosy ; O fº LEUKOCYTIC diffuse lymphatic infiltration; more rarely there are distinct lymphatic tumors. Charcot-Leyden crystals can be found in the blood after death. Fever, dizziness, and hemorrhage, and a peculiar form of retinitis, are often present. The disease is usually fatal. Leukemic (ſu-ke/-mić) [Åevkóç, white; alua, blood]. Pertaining to leukemia. Leuko- (ſu/-ko-) [Åevkóg, white]. white. Leukoblast (ſu/-ko-blast) [Åevkóg, white; 3%aoróg, germ]. I. The germ of a leukocyte ; also, a leukocyte itself. 2. A cell in bone-marrow, of a type that is believed to become developed into a red blood-corpuscle. Leukocarpous (ſu-Ao-kar/-pus) [Åevkóg, white; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, bearing white fruit. Leukochroos, or Leukochrus (lu-koż/-ro-os, lu-koł/- rus) [Åevkóç, white; Apóg, skin]. Having a white skin. Leukocotin, or Leukocotoin (ſu-ko-ko’-lin, lu-ko-Ko- to/-in) [AevKóg, white; coto], Col H26Os. A body found in coto-bark. Leukocrystallin (ſu-ko-Aris/-tal-in) [Wevicóg, white; Kpüoražog, clear ice]. Peculiar crystals occasionally found in the blood of leukemic patients. Leukocyte (ſu/-ko-sit) [Åevkóg, white; Kirog, cell]. The colorless or white corpuscle of the blood. Leuko- cytes have ameboid movement and are formed in the lymphadenoid tissue of the spleen, lymphatic glands, intestinal tract, bone-marrow, etc., and probably also in the lymph and blood. Their average diameter is . OI mm. (3 sºn inch). In normal blood Ehrlich distin- guishes the following varieties: I. Lymphocytes— small cells with a large nucleus that stains deeply, and a small amount of protoplasm. 2. Large uninze- clear leukocytes—large cells with a single large A prefix signifying C. Transi- B. Large uninuclear leukocytes. D. Doi. Multinuclear forms—neutrophile cells. E. Eosinophile cells. A. Lymphocyte. tional forms. nucleus, staining less deeply, and a large amount of protoplasm. 3. Transitional forms—cells with a single indented nucleus. 4. Multinezzclear cells, with neutro- phile granules—cells having a polymorphous nucleus or several nuclei. These constitute 70 per cent. of the en- tire number of white blood-corpuscles. 5. Eosinophile ce//s. In leukemia another cell, the myelocyte, makes its appearance. This is a large uninuclear cell, with neu- trophile granules. Löwit recognizes two classes, leukoblasts and erythroblasts, the latter the anteced- ents of the red corpuscles. Most authorities reject this division, however. L., Alpha, and L., Beta, two terms used by Heyl, the former to express leuko- cytes that disintegrate during the coagulation of the blood ; the latter, those that do not. Leukocythemia (ſu-ko-si-ſhe/-me-ah) [Åevkóg, white; kitog, cell; alpa, blood]. See Zeukemia. Leukocythemic (ſu-ko-si-the-mik) [Åevkóg, white; küTog, cell; alua, blood]. Pertaining to leukemia. Leukocytic (ſu-ko-sit/-i}) [Åevkóg, white; kºtog, cell]. Relating to or characterized by leukocytes. * LEUKOCYTOGENESIS Leukocytogenesis (Ju-Ao-si-to-fem/-es-is)[?evkóç, white; körog, cell; yewvāv, to beget]. The formation of white blood-corpuscles, or leukocytes. Leukocytolysis (lu-ko-si-to/-is-is) [Åevkóc, white; KüTog, cell; Añoug, solution]. The destruction of leukocytes. Leukocytoma (ſu-ko-si-'oſ-mah) [Åevkóç, white; ſcúTog, cell; Śpia, tumor: //, , Zeu/ºocytomataj. Any tumor containing cellular growths similar in constitution to the white corpuscles of the blood, such as tubercle, lupus, etc. Leukocytosis (ſu-ko-si-to/-sis) [Åevkóg, white; IcíTog, cell]. A moderate and transient increase in the num- ber of colorless blood-corpuscles, not accompanied, as in leukemia, by splenic and true glandular enlargement or disease of the bone-marrow. Leukocytotic (ſu-ko-si-toſ/-ić) [WevKóg, white; KüTog, cell]. Pertaining to leukocytosis. Leukocyturia (ſu-ko-si-tu/-re-a/.) [Åevkóç, white; KüToç, cell; oipov, urine]. The presence of colorless blood- corpuscles in the urine. Leukoderma (ſu-ko-der/-mah) [Åevicóg, white; 6éppia, skin]. Leukasmus; achroma cutis ; leukopathia ; a congenital pigment-anomaly of the skin, in which, at the time of birth or soon after, whitish patches or bands, irregularly outlined and usually isolated, appear upon the skin of the child. See Vºtiligo. L., Ac- quired. See Vitiligo. L., Congenital. See A/. ôinismus. L., Neuritic, L., Neurotic, a localized pigment-atrophy, of nervous origin. L., Syphilitic. See Syphilid, Pigmentary. Leukodermic (ſu-ko-der’-miá) [Åevkóg, white; déppia, skin]. Exhibiting or pertaining to leukoderma. Leukodontous (ſu-ko-don/-tus) [Åevkóg, white; 6600g, tooth]. Having white teeth. ">, Leukogallol (lu-ko-ga/-ol) [Åevkóç, white ; galla, gall], CisłłioCl2O14. A colorless substance, soluble in water, prepared by treating an acetic acid solution of pyrogallol with chlorin and hydrochloric acid. Leukogasterous (lu-ko-gas/-ter-us) [ÅevKóg, white; yaathp, belly]. White-bellied. Leukogene (ſu/-ko-jen) [28vkóç, white; Yeuvâv, to be- get]. A bleaching-agent. Leukohemia (ſu-ko-hem/-e-ah). See Leukemia. Leukohemic (ſu-ko-hem/-ić). See Leukemic. Leukoinoitis (ſu-ko-in-o-º/-tis) [Åevkóg, white; ic, fiber; trug, inflammation]. Rheumatic inflammation of the white fibrous elements of the bronchi. Leukol (lu'-kol). See Chinolina. Leukolin (ſu/-ko-lin). See Chinolina. Leukolomous (ſu-ko/-o-mus) [Åevkóc, white; Adjua, border of a garment]. Having a white border. Leukolysis (ſu-ko/-is-is) [Åevkóç, white; Žiotç, solu- tion]. The process of destruction of the colorless corpuscles of the blood. Leukoma (ſu-ko’-mah) [Weikoua ; Wevkóg, white]. An opacity of the cornea the result of an ulcer, wound, or inflammation, and presenting an appearance of ground glass. The term has been used also for albumin. See Zeukoplaques. L., Partial, a leukoma circumscribed to a part of the cornea. L., Total, a leukoma involv- ing the entire cornea. Leukomain, or Leucomain (lu-40/-ma-in) [Aeūkoua, white of egg]. The name applied by Gautier to the nitrogenous bases or alkaloids necessarily and mor- mally developed by the vital functions or metabolic activity of living organisms, as distinguished from the alkaloids developed in dead bodies, and called by Selmi ptomains. From their chemic affinities leukomains may be divided into two groups: the Orid acid group, comprising Adenin, Carnin, Ger- ontin, Guanin, Heteroxanthin, Hypoxanthin, Para- acanthin, Pseudoxanthin, Spermin, Xanthin ; and 673 LEUKOPHLEGMASIA the A7-eatin in group, in which are classed Amphi-Area- Ainin, Cruso-Areatinizz, Xazz//ho-Areatinein, and some unnamed bases. The appended table, p. 674, is modi- fied from the work of Vaughan and Novy. Leukomainemia (ſu-ko-ma-in-e'-me-ah) [Zeikoua, white of egg; alua, blood]. The presence of leuko- mains in the blood; the retention or imperfect elim- ination of the various excretory products of the liv- ing cells of the organism. Leukomainic (ſu-ko-ma/-in-ić) [Zeukoua, white of egg]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a leukomain. Leukomatoid (ſu-ko'-maſ-oid). See Zeukomatous. Leukomatorrhea (lu-ko-mat-or-e'-ah) [Zeikoua, white of egg; bota, a flow]. An excessive whitish secre- tion. L. salivalis, salivation. L. urinalis, albu- minuria. L. vaginalis, leukorrhea. Leukomatosis (lu-ko-mat-of-sis) [Zeikoua, white of egg; vöoog, disease]. Abnormal increase of albumin in a part, as in the cornea, the lens, the joints; also amyloid degeneration. Leukomatous (ſu-ko’-mat-us) [Zeikoua, white of egg]. Having the nature of leukoma. Affected with leukoma. Leukomelanic (ſu-Ao-me/-an-i}), Leukomelanous (lu-ko-me/-an-us) [Åevkóg, white; ačac, black]. Hav- ing a light, or fair skin, and black hair. Leukomoria (lu-ko-mo'-re-ah) [Åevkóg, white, pale ; Hopia, folly]. Restless or wandering melancholy; melancholia errabunda. Leukomycosis (lu-ko-mi-ko/-sis) [Åevkóg, white; pairmſ, fungus]. A name applied to leukemia, based on its supposed infectious origin. Leukomyelitis (ſu-ko-mi-e/-ī’-tis) [2 evkóg, white; plve?6ç, marrow]. Inflammation of the white or fibrous substance of the spinal cord. L. posterioris chronica, posterior Sclerosis; locomotor ataxia. Leukomyelopathy (ſu-ko-mi-el-op/-ath-e) [ZevKóg, white; ave?óg, marrow ; Tábog, disease]. Any disease of the white substance of the myelon or spinal cord. Leukon (/u/-kon) [ZevKóg, white]. In biology, a race with fair complexions and yellow or red hair. Cf. A anthochroia. - Leukonecrosis (ſu-ko-me-Åro/-sis) [Aewkóg, white; véspo- otç, death]. A form of dry gangrene, distinguished by light or nearly natural color, instead of the usual dark color of gangrene. Leukonic Acid (lu-kon/-ić). See Acid. Leukonostoc (ſu-ko-nos/-tok) [ÅevKóg, white, and mos- foc]. A genus of schizomycetes, having its elements disposed in chains and enveloped in a sheath of tough jelly. L. mesenteroides, is abundant in molasses, beet-root juice, and in Sugar-refineries. See Aac/e, ia, Synonymatic 7 able of Leukonychia (ſu-ko-wrić’-e-a/) [Zeukóc, white; 3rvš, nail]. A rare and peculiar whitish discoloration of the mails, caused by the presence of air beneath them. Leukopathic (ſu-ko-path/-ić) [28vkóg, white; Túffog, disease]. Relating to or affected with leukopathia. Leukopathy (/et-kop/-ath-e), Leukopathia (/w-Ko- path’-e-ah) [2 evkóç, white; Tábog, suffering]. Any deficiency of coloring-matter; albinism. See Leuko- derma. L., Congenital. See Albinism. L., Ac- quired. See Zeukoderma. L., Partial. See I ifi/go. L., Universal. Albinism. Leukophagium (ſu-ko-ſa/-e-um), Leukophagum (ſu- Áoff’-ag-um) [ÅevKóg, white ; payeiv, to eat]. An old remedy for pulmonary tuberculosis, consisting of almonds, rose-water, and partridge-flesh. Leukophilous (ſu-koff’-i/-us) [ÅevKóg, white; pizog, loving]. In biology, light-loving. Leukophlegmasia (ſu-ko-ſeg-ma/- 2c - ah) [7 svkóg, white; p2.ÉYua, phlegm]. I. A condition marked by a 43 LEUKOPHLEGMATIC tendency to dropsy, accompanied by a pale, flabby skin, and general edema of the whole body; edema without pitting on pressure. 2. Phlegmasia alba dolens. Also, subcutaneous emphysema. African cachexia. as Phlegmasia alba dolens, Q. v. 674 L. AEthiopum, L. dolens puerperarum. Same L., Essential, a form in which there is a rapid and widespread swell- ing, with fever, chills, and scanty urine. L., Hys- teric, a peculiar form occurring in hysteric patients. L., Primary. See Z., AEssential. anasarca following suppression of urine. L., Urinary, LEUKOPLEUROUS per]. White pepper. Leukoplakia (lu-ko-pla/-äe-ah) surface]. Whitening of a surface. chronic superficial-glossitis characterized by the pres- ence of pearly-white or bluish-white patches on the This condition is also called It is a rare affection surface of the tongue. Leukoma and lingual psoriasis. in individuals under twenty, and in women. Leukopiper (ſu-ko-pi/-per) [Åevkóg, white; £iper, pep. It is due to some irritant cause, such as the Smoking of a pip and the wearing of tooth-plates. . TABLE OF LEUKOMAINS. NAM E. FORMUL.A. DISCOVERER. SOURCE. PHYSIOLOGIC ACTION. A in phi-creatinin. CoH19NTO4. Gautier. Muscle. Carnin. C7H8N4O3. Weidel. Meat-extract. Non-poisonous. , Üruso-creatinin. C5H8N4O. Gautier. Muscle. t Gerontin. C5H14N2. Grandis. Liver of dog. Poisonous ; p a rally zes nerve-CenterS. . Guanin, C5H5N5O. Unger. Animal and vegetable tissues; Non-poisonous. guano. Heteroxanthin. CoHo N4O2. Salomon. Urine. IHypoxanthin. C5H4N4O. Scherer, Brain, muscle, kidney, liver, Non-poisonous; excito- spleen, certain plants, etc. motor. Methyl-hydantoin. C4H8N2O2. Gu a retch i and Fresh meat. Mosso. Parareducin. C6H9N3O. Thudichum. Urine. —A JParaxanthin. C7H3N4O2. Thudichum, Sal- Urine. Poisonous. OIT Oſ), Protarnin. Miescher. Spawn of salmon. . Pseudoxanthin (?) C4H5N5O. Gautier. Muscle. Reducin (?) C12H24NGO9. Thudichum. Urine. salamandarin. cºhºno, Zalesky. Salamander. Poisonous. Sarcin or sarkin. See Hypo-ranthin. spermin. C2H5N (?) Schreiner. Semen, testicles; Charcot- | Non-poisonous. Leyden crystals ; tissues in leukemia. Unnamed. C3H5NO2. Pouchet. Urine. Unnamed. C7H12N4O2. Pouchet. Urine. Unnamed. C11H2AN10O3. Gautier. Muscle. Unnamed Cishesnuo;. Gautier. Muscle. Unnamed. C18H24N2O2(C52H96NsOSPS). Eliacheff. Normal urine. Slightly poisonous. Unnamed. C14H23N2O3. Eliacheff. Urine in tuberculosis. Poisonous. Urethrobromin. See Paraxanthim. Xanthin. C5H4N4O2. Marcet. Most animal tissues; certain Slightly poisonous; mus- plants; certain calculi. cle-stimulant. Xantho-creatinin. C5H10N4O. Gautier. Muscle. Poisonous. Leukophlegmatic (ſu-ko-ſieg-mat/-i}) [Åevkóc, white; p2.Éyua, phlegm]. Affected with or pertaining to leu- kophlegmasia. - Leukophlegmatodes (ſu-ko-ſeg-mat-o’-dez). See Zeu- Áophlegmatic. Leukophthalmous (ſu-koff-ſha/-mus) [Åevkóç, white; ôpffažuóg, eye]. Having unusually white eyes. Leukophyl (ſu’-Åo-ſil) [2 evkóg, white; piñāov, leafl. In biology, a chlorophyl-producing chromogen believed to exist in etiolated plants. Leukoplaxia (ſu-ko-plaks/-e-ah). Leukoplaques (ſu/-Åo-plaks)[Åevkóg, white; tāāś, sur- face]. The white patches of Leukoplakia buccaſis, q.v. Leukoplasia (ſu-ko-pla/-ze-ah). See Leukoplakia. Leukoplast, or Leukoplastid (ſee-Åo-p/ast’, or lu-ào. plast/-ia) [Åevkóg, white; Tââooetv, to form]. In biology, one of the starch-forming, colorless, proteid bodies found in cells not exposed to light; amyloplast. See Leukoplakia. Leukopleurous (ſu-ko-p/u/-rus)[Åevkóg, white; theupóv, rib]. Having white sides or flanks. [Åevkóc, white; TAé, L. buccalis, a & LEUKOPODIOUS Leukopodious, Leukopodous (ſu-ko-po'-de-us, ſu-kop/- o-dus) [Åevkóg, white; troßg, foot]. Having white feet. Leukopogous (lu-koff’-o-gus) [Åevkóg, white; tróyov, beard]. White-bearded. Leucopous (lu'-ko-pus). See Zeukopodous. Leukops (*. -Åops) [Åevkóg, white; &lp, eye]. An individual having white eyes. - Leukopterous (ſu-kop/-ter-us) [Åevkóc, white; Trepév, wings]. In biology, possessing white wings. Leukorrhagia (lu-kor-a/-je-a/.)[Zevkóg, white; beyvöval, to burst forth]. An excessive leukorrheal flow. Leukorrhea (ſu-kor-e'-ah) [Åevkóg, white; bota, a º A whitish muco-purulent discharge from the female genital canal, popularly called ‘‘the whites.” L., Cer- vical, that due to disease of the cervix uteri. L., In- fantile, a form occurring in female infants, due to lack of cleanliness, to irritant urine, or to worms. L., Men- strual, a variety occurring in young anemic girls at the menstrual period, instead of the menses. L. nabothi, a sero-sanguineous discharge occurring for two or three days before labor. L. masculina syphilitica. Syno- nym of Gonorrhea, 7. v. L. of Pregnancy, a vaginal discharge in the pregnant woman. It is more abundant than in the non-pregnant state, and is sometimes confounded with hydrorrhoea gravidarum. L., Periodic, a periodic form coinciding with the menstrual periods. L., Uterine, L., Vaginal, L., Vulval, forms due to uterine, vaginal, and vulval in- flammation respectively. Leukorrheal (lu-kor-e'-a') [Åevkóg, white; bota, flow]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, leukorrhea. Leukosarcoma (lu-ko-sar-Āo’-mah) [Åevkóg, white; oãpkoua, a fleshy tumor: Al, Zeukosarcomata]. A non-pigmented sarcoma. Leukoscope (ſu/-ko-sköp) [Åevkóc, white; oroteiv, to inspect]. An instrument used in testing for color- blindness. - Leukosin (lu/-ko-sin) [Aévkóg, white]. A principle said by some to be present in asthma-crystals, and in crystals found in the blood in certain cases of leuke- IIll&l. Leukosis (lu-ko/-sis) [Åevkóg, white : £7, Zeukoses]. I. Any disease of the lymphatic system. 2. Abnormal whiteness of the skin. Also, the development and progress of leukoma. Leukospermous (ſu-ko-sper’-mus) [ÅevKóg, white ; otépua, seed]. In biology, bearing white seeds. Leukotic (ſu-kot'-ié) [Åevkóg, white]. Relating to leukoma. Leukotin (ſu-ko'-tim) [Åevkóc, white], Col HooCs. A crystalline substance found in Paracoto; it is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Leukotrichous (ſu-ko/-rié-us) [Åevkóç, white; 6píš, hair]. White-haired. Leukoturic Acid (ſu-kot-u/-rić). See Oxalantin. Leukous (ſu/-kus) [Åevkóç, white]. White. Leukuresis (ſu-ku-re/-sis) [Åevkóç, white; oipov, urine]. Albuminuria. Leusin (ſu/-sin). See Leucin. Levant Plague. Synonym of the Plague, g. v. L. Wormseed. See Santonica. Levantine Plague. Synonym of the Plague, g. v. Levasseur Sign. See Death. Levator (le-va/-tor) [L., “a lifter:” p., Zevatores]. I. That which raises or elevates, as certain muscles. See Muscles, Table of 2. An instrument used for raising a depressed portion of the skull. Leven (lev’-en). See Leaven. Lever (le/-ver) [levare, to elevate]. I. A vectis or one-armed tractor, used in obstetrics. 2. A dental instrument, used in lifting out decayed stumps. L., 675 LEY DEN Davy's, an aorta-compressor. It is a wooden bar, which is introduced into the rectum. Levert’s Law. See Zazy. Levicellular (lev-e-se/-u-lar) [levis, smooth; cellula, cell]. Smooth-celled, as a levicellular myoma, or a levicellular muscle-fiber. Levigable (lev/-ig-a-62) [.ævigare, to make smooth]. Susceptible of being levigated, or reduced to fine powder by a mechanical process. Levigate (lez/-īg-āt) [/aevigare, to make smooth]. To reduce to a fine powder by rubbing or grinding; to trit- urate. Levigation (ſev-ig-a/-shun) [/avigatio, Zaevigare, to make smooth]. The trituration of a substance made into a paste with water or other liquid. When per- formed with a muller on a slab of porphyry it is called porphyrization. * > Levis’s Apparatus. An apparatus for treating fracture of the clavicle, composed of an axillary pad and a sling. L.'s Splints, supporting structures made of light metal, and perforated, for use in the treatment of fractures. Levitation (lev-it-a/-shum) [/evitas, lightness]. I. The pretended elevation of the body into the air without sup- port, a feat professedly performed by various modern thaumaturgists. 2. The subjective sense of being aloft, and without support; a symptom in certain cases of insanity. Levogyrous (le-vo-ji’-rus) [lavus, left; yipoc, a turn]. See Zevorotatory. Levorotatory (le-vo-ro/-tat-o-re) [lavus, left; rotare, to turn]. Causing to turn toward the left hand; a levo- rotatory crystal is one that turns the rays of polarized light to the left. Levulan (lev/-at-lam) [/aevus, left], CsPiloCs. An an- hydrid of levulose obtained from beet-sugar molasses. Levulin (lev/-u-lin) [lavus, left]. A carbohydrate identical with synanthrose, occurring in immature grain and the tubers of certain composite flowers. Levulinic Acid (lev-u-lin/-ić). See Acid. Uevulosan (lev-u-/o/-san) [/aevus, left], CsP1160s. A dehydration-product prepared by heating levulose. Levulose (ſev’-u-lós) [/zzus, left], CsPH1,Os. The natural Sugar of fruits. It reduces an alkaline solution of copper sulphate. See Sugar, Glucose, and Fructose. Levulosuria (ſev-u-/0s-1/-re-ah) [/eºus, left; oipov, urine]. The presence of levulose, or fruit-sugar, in the Ulrin 62. Lewinin (he/-in-in) [from Dr. Zewin, who described it]. The aſpha resin of kava, g. v. ; it is said by Lewin to be as effective a local anesthetic as cocain. Lexipharmac (Zeks-iſ-ar/-mak) [Zīšug, cessation; pap- piaków, poison]. An alexipharmac. Lexipyretic (leks-if-i-ret/-ié) [Åfjºig, cessation; Twperóg, fever]. I. Febrifugal; antipyretic. 2. A ſebrifugal medicine. Leyden (li/-den) [Dutch]. A town in Holland. L. Battery. A series of Leyden jars connected tandem. L.-blue. Same as Cobalt-blue. L. Jar, a glass jar coated within and without with tinfoil, reaching nearly to the neck, and surmounted by a knobbed conductor in connection with the inner coating. It is designed for the temporary “accumulation ” of electricity, or rather for the preservation of the high potential to which the inner foil may be charged. It is discharged by connecting the outer foil with the knob. The jar was first made in the town of Leyden, its discovery being due to Cuneus, a pupil of Muschen- broeck. It is also called Kleistian jar or Kleist's jar. Kleist was a prebendary of Cammin, in Pomerania, and is said to have invented the jar independently of Cuneus, and a year before him, viz., in 1745. L., LEY DEN'S CRYSTALS 676 Periodic Vomit of. Synonym of Angioneurotic Adema. Leyden's Crystals. See Charco/-/.eyden Crystals. Leydig's Cells. Peculiar goblet-cells found in the epi- dermis of aquatic vertebrata. L., Duct of. See Duct. Liatris (/i-a/-tris) [origin unknown]. A genus of com- posite-flowered herbs. L. cylindrica, L. elegans, and L. Spicata are diuretic ; L. scariosa and L. squar- rosa are popularly esteemed as remedies for rattlesnake- bite. L. odoratissima, southern vanilla, contains cumarin, the flavoring principle of the tonka bean. Unof. Libanotus (lib-an-o’-tus) [AlSavoróg, from Wiſłavoç, frankincense]. An old name for olibanum. Libanus (lib/-an-us) [Wiſłavoc, frankincense]. Frankin- cense, or olibanum. - Libavius, Fuming Liquor of. An old name for anhy- drous stannic chlorid. Liber (le/-ber) [L.]. a dispensatory. Liber (li’-ber) [liber, the inner bark of a tree]. The inner layer of the bark in Gymnosperms and Dico- tyledons. - Liberation (lib-er-a/-tion) [liberare, to make free]. The act of freeing. L. of the Arms, in breech- presentations, the bringing down of the arms of the fetus when they have become extended along the sides of the child’s head. Liberomotor (lib-er-o-mo/-tor) [liberare, to disengage; motoy', mover]. Setting free or disengaging motor energy. Libidinous (lib-id’-in-us) [ſibidinosus, lustful]. acterized by strong sexual desire. Libido (lib-id/-o) [L.]. Desire; lust. L. intestini, desire for defecation. L. sexualis, lust. L. urinae, desire to urinate. Liborius, Bacillus of. Zable of Libra (le/-brah) [libra, a balance]. A weight of twelve troy ounces, or 576O grains. Also, applied to the avoirdupois pound of sixteen ounces, or 7000 grains. Libriform (lib/-riform) [liber, inner bark; forma, form]. In biology, resembling liber or bast. L. Cells, those cells of the wood that are excessively thick-walled and resemble bast or liber-fibers. Dice (ſis). See Zouse. License (li’-sens) [licentia, license]. An official per- mit or authority conferring on the recipient the right and privilege of exercising his profession. Licentiate (li-sen/-she-àſ) [licentiatus, one licensed]. A term sometimes applied to a person who practises a profession by the authority of a license. Lichen (//-ken) [Astyńv, a lichen]. for a well-defined group of inflammatory affections of the skin, in which the lesions consist of solid papules throughout the entire course of the disease. L. acuminatus, a variety of Z. ruber in which the papules are acuminate. It is usually a very acute variety, accompanied by grave constitutional symptoms (rigors, pyrexia, Sweats, prostration), and by itching. The papules are minute, firm, conic, capped with scales, very closely aggregated, but can generally be recognized as surrounding the hair-follicles. L. agrius. See Zºczema papulosumu. L. annulatus serpiginosus. See Seborrhaea corporis. L. Carrageen, Irish moss. L. circinatus serpiginosus. See Se- borrhaa corports. L. circumscriptus. circina/us serpiginosus. See also Æczema papulosum. L. confertus, a form characterized by the presence of superficial papules occurring in clusters. L. corneus, a form in which there are elevated horny patches. L. diabeticorum. See Xazz/homea diabeticorum. A book. L. pharmaceuticus, Char- See Bacteria, Synonymatic A generic term Same as Z. LICHENIASIS L. disseminatus, a variety in which the lesions are irregularly scattered over the body. L. ferox or L. ferus. See Z. agrius. L. gyratus. See Seborrhaa cor- Aoris. L. haemorrhagicus, a petechial papular erup- tion. L. inveterata, a chronic intractable form, with marked thickening of the skin. L. lividus, a severe form of purpura in which hemorrhage occurs into the lesions around the follicles. L. menti. See Sycosis. L. obtusus, Zichen ruber obtusus, a variety of Z. planus in which the lesion consists of medium-sized papules, hemispherically formed, flattened on the top, and marked in the center by a fine indentation, hard, dry, smooth, wax-like, translucent to brownish- red, and scaleless. The disease is less acute than Z. acuminatus, itches less, and is mostly circumscribed. The hair and nails never suffer. L. pilaris, Zichen spirezeloszes, Zichen spinosus, an inflammatory disease of the hair-follicles, in which a spinous epidermic peg occupies the center of the papule. It is a rather rare disease and occurs mostly in children. The papules appear in crops, each one being the size of a pin's head, red, conic, and containing in its center a horny Spine that projects about one-sixteenth of an inch. There is little or no itching. See also Keratosis Ailaris. L. planus, Zichen ruber planus, Zichen Asoriasis; an inflammatory skin-disease, with an erup- tion made up of papules that are broad and angular at the base, flat and apparently glazed on the summit, slightly umbilicated, and of a dull purplish-red color. These lesions are usually symmetrically disposed, and are generally situated on the flexor surfaces of the forearms, about the wrists, the flanks, around the waist, and the knees, and calves, and also on the mucous membranes. The papules may be discrete or may coalesce, and itch- ing may be slight or severe. L. planus verrucosus, a late stage of Z. planus, characterized by wart-like en- largements of the papillae, which are covered with dense horny crusts of a dirty-lilac hue. They are usually seen on the lower part of the leg. L. psoriasis. See Z. planus. L: ruber, Lichen ruber acuminatus; a very rare skin-disease, with lesions consisting, in the beginning, of discrete, miliary, conic papules, but, as the disease advances, becoming aggregated and form- ing continuous red, infiltrated, and scaling patches. The whole surface may eventually become involved. The nails of the fingers and toes become affected, be- ing of a dirty-brown color, rough, flaky, and breaking off short. The etiology and pathology of this condition are obscure. L. ruber acuminatus. See Pityriasis rubra pilaris and Zichen ruber. L. ruber moniliformis, a rare variety in which, besides the ordinary papules and plaques, there are thick moniliform bands in the flexures of the limbs, on the abdomen, and on the neck. L. ruber obtusus. See Z. obtusus, L. ruber planus. See Z. planzas. L. scrof- ulosorum. See Z. scrofulosus. L. scrofulosus, A. scroft/losorum, a form occurring in strumous chil- dren. The eruption is situated on the trunk, especially upon the back, either diffusely or in patches. The papules are very small, pale, conic, and surmounted by fine scales; they cause no itching, and on fading leave a rather persistent yellowish pigmentation. L. simplex, Gale bedouine; the papular stage of eczema. See Aczema papulosum. L. spinosus. See M. pilaris. L. spinulosus. See Aeratosis pilaris and Michen pilaris. L. strophulosus. See Strophulus. L. syphiliticus, the minute papular syphilid. See Syphilid, Follicular. L. tropicus. See Prickly Aſeat. L. urticatus. See Urticaria papulosa. Licheniasis (li-ken-i/-as-is) [Åelºv, lichen]. The condition of one affected by one of the forms of lichen. L. strophulus. See Zichen strophulus. LICHENICOLOUS Lichenicolous (li-ken-i}/-o-lus) [Wetzāv, a lichen; colere, to inhabit]. Growing as a parasite upon lichens. Licheniform (li-Aen/-iform) [Wety#v, lichen, tree-moss; forma, form]. Shaped like a lichen. Lichenin (//-ken-in) [Wetzāv, lichen], C6H10Os or Cla- 20010. Moss-starch; a starch-like body found in lichens, especially in Cetraria, Ramalina, Usnea, Parmelia, Cladonia, and in Corsican moss (Aſsidium Aelminthochordon). Iodin imparts a dirty-blue color to it. It is insoluble in cold water, but forms a jelly with hot water. See Cetraria ; also, Carbohydrates, Table of Lichenism (li/-ken-izm) [Wetzāv, lichen]. In biology, the special form of consortism or symbiosis exhibited by algae and fungi in lichens. Cf. Schwendener's Theory. Lichenoid (li/-ken-oid) [Åetxàv, lichen; eiðoc, like]. I. Same as Dextrolichenin. 2. See Wandering A’ash. Lichnoerythrin (lić-no-er/-ith-rin) [2 etxàv, lichen; épv6póg, red.] A group of red coloring-matters found especially in lichens. Lichnoxanthin (lik-no-zan/-thin) [Wetzāv, lichen; §avóóg, yellow]. A group of yellow coloring-matters occurring in both the highest and lowest classes of plants, but especially developed in lichens. Lichtheim's Schema. A diagrammatic representation of the centers and pathways concerned in written and spoken language. In the schema, A represents the center for visual memories, and O that for auditory memories. M is the center for muscular memories con- cerned in speech, and W that for muscular memories connected with writing. I is the center for intellectual concepts. Taking the word “bell’’ as an example, at A will be stored the memory of the appearance of the bell, at O that of the sound of the word, at M the memory of the muscular movements necessary to pronounce the word, and at W those concerned in writing it. I re- presents the center of the intellectual concept of the object “bell’’—the knowledge of its uses and prop- erties. The lines indicate afferent, efferent, and connecting pathways. //a/7a Mouſ/? LICHTHEIM's SCHEMA. £ºr £ye Licinium (li-sin/-e-um) [licium, a thread of a web : gen., Zicinii). Lint; surgeon’s lint or charpie. Lick (/i4) [ME., licken, to lick]. To rub with the tongue; to lap. Licoperdon (ſi-ko-per/-dom). See Lycoperaon. Licorice (lić’-or-is) [ME., Zicorice, licorice]. See Glycyrrhiza. L., Indian. See Abrus. Lid [ME.; lid, lid.]. See Byelid. L.-cells, in biology, the “stigmatic cells'’ which for a time close the neck of the archegonium in cryptogamic plants. L.-clamp. See Blepharostat. 677 LIEUTAUD, UVULA OF Lie (li) [ME., lien, to lie]. I. To rest in a recumbent position. 2. A popular name for a “gift-spot” or white spot upon a finger nail. Lieberkühn's Reflector (le/-àer-ken) [after Zieber- Aähn, a German physician]. A device attached to a microscope for the purpose of throwing light upon opaque objects. L.'s Ampulla. See Ampulla. L., Crypts of. See Crypt. L., Glands of. See Gland. L.'s Jelly, an insoluble variety of alkali-albumin formed by adding strong potash to undiluted white of egg. Liebermann’s Reaction. Liebig (leſ-big). A celebrated German chemist and physiologist. L.'s Beef-tea, the soluble extractive matter of lean meat. It is prepared by macerating a pound of lean meat, free from fat and cut into small pieces, in a pint of cold water, in which muxxx of hydrochloric acid and gr. xl of sodium chlorid have been dissolved. The liquid is expressed and strained. L.'s Bouillon. See Aozzillon. L.'s Extractum carnis, a proprietary preparation con- sisting of the soluble fibrin of meat with the natural mineral salts and a flavoring principle, osmazome. L.’s Foods, those infant-foods in which the starch is to a great extent converted into sugar by malting. L.'s Infants' Food, a highly nutritious food made in the following manner: Mix well 94 ounce of ground malt with 94 ounce of wheat-flour and 7% grains of potassium bicarbonate; add I ounce of water and 5 ounces of fresh cow’s milk. Warm over a slow fire, and keep stirring until it begins to thicken. Remove from the fire, stir for five minutes, replace it on the fire, and remove it as soon as thick. As the starch is converted into dextrin and sugar by the diastase of the malt, it will become a thin and sweet liquid. Then, finally, boil it well. Strain through muslin. L.'s Method, a method of estimating the chlorids in the urine, by precipitation by mercuric nitrate. See also Crea. Liebreich's Bandage. See Bandage. L.'s Solution, a solution of cantharidinate of potassium for hypo- dermatic injection in the treatment of tuberculosis. Cantharidin 2, hydrate of potassium 4 (or hydrate of sodium 3), distilled water 200. Heat to solution and add distilled water q. S. to IO,OOO. Dose by hypodermatic injection, % to I c. c. (8 to 16 minims). It causes transudation of blood-serum at the seat of the tuberculosis. Lien (/i/-en) [L.]. Wandering Spleen. Lienal (li’-en-al) [lien, the spleen]. spleen. Lienculus (li-en/-ku-/us) [dim. of Wien, spleen : pl., Zienculi ). A detached part or exclave of the spleen. Lienic (ſi-en/-ić) [Zien, a spleen]. Pertaining to the spleen. Lienitis (ſi-en-i/-täs) ['ien, spleen; tric, inflammation]. Splenitis. Lienocele (li-en’-o-sel) [lien, a spleen; Kä27, hernia]. Hernia of some part or of all of the spleen. Lienomalacia (/; en-o-ma/-a'-se-ah) [/ien, spleen; plažakia, softening]. Morbid softening of the tissue of the spleen. - Lienteric ('i-en-ter/-ić) [Weioc, smooth; Śvrepov, intes- tine]. Pertaining to or affected with lientery. Lientery (li’-en-ter-e) [28ioç, smooth; Śvrepov, intes- tine]. A kind of diarrhea in which the food passes rapidly through the bowels without undergoing diges- tion. Liernur System. See Sewage, Disposal of Lieutaud, Uvula of. A longitudinal mesial ridge in the trigone of the bladder. See Tests, Table of The spleen. Z. mobile. See Relating to the LIFE - 678 Life (lif) [ME., lift, life]. The force or principle un- derlying or causing the phenomena of organized beings. The power by which an organism exists and exercises self-movement in response to emotions or sensations and adapts itself to its environment. L., Animal, the functions depending directly on the cerebro-spinal nervous system and the voluntary mus- cles, as distinguished from Z., Vegetative, that is, the functions of digestion, respiration, reproduction, etc.; L., Change of, that period in the life of a female at which menstruation ceases; the climacteric period. L., Duration of. See Probable. L. Everlasting ; Cud-weed, the herbs Gnaphalium margaritaceum and G. polycephalum, tonic, astringent, and anodyne. They constitute a domestic remedy of some repute in affections of the chest and bowels. Dose of a decoction ad lib., of the fld. ext, mixv-3j. Unof. L., Expectation of, the average number of years a person is expected to live, as calculated from life-tables. The following table, taken from those constructed by Dr. W. Ogle, of the English Registrar- General’s department, shows the average expecta- tion of life at given ages, and also the number of persons of each sex, among every million born at a given time, who may be expected to be alive at the end of each year after that. The figures are based on the death-rates of the years 1871–80 :— uterus. Of 1,000,000 born, the num- - - - - ber surviving at the end of Mean after-lifetime td each year of life. (expectation of life). O *g, * * * * * * * * * * * II ” (21% WT2 12 [2|{\;= “* § s L. 1 ! L 1 3\\\\".===3----------- | L t 2 * 2 ----> --------- 2 Flexors, hip. 3 3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * , 3 Extensors, knee. } Adductors 4. 4- S Cl #----|------------. 4. hi - 5* * * * * * * * * * * * * = - - - - 5 Abductors 1p. Extensors (?) S “S-2---------- * - ſº sº ºn me a sº sº. |S Flexors, knee (?) - Muscles of leg mov- 2 ing foot. 3 Perineal and anal muscles. 4. 5 Co.; Co. LOCHIOCELLITIS SENSORY. } Neck and Scalp. } Neck and shoulder. shoulder. * Arm. Hand < - Front of thorax. } Ensiform area. > Abdomen (Umbilicus, Ioth). } Buttocks, upper part. Groin and scrotum (front). outer side. Thigh 4 front. inner side. Leg, inner side. Buttocks, lower * part. Back of thigh. Le 3.11 foot except in- ner part. } Perineum and anus. Skin from coccyx to all Uls. REFLEX. 3. Scapular. Epigastric. - Abdominal. Cremasteric. sº Knee-joint. Gluteal. Foot-clonus. Plantar. DIAGRAM AND TABLE SHowING THE APPROxIMATE RELATION To the SPINAL NERVES OF THE VARIous MotoR, SENSORY, AND REFLEx FUNCTIONs of THE SPINAL CoRD. (Arranged by W. R. Gowers, from anatomic and pathologic data.) ... t - Localized (lo/-ka/-īzd) [/ocus, a place]. Confined to a particular place. Locellus (ſo-se/-us) [dim. of loculus, a little place: Żl., ZocelliJ. In biology, a subdivision of a loculus. Loch (lok) [Arab.]. A lincture, or electuary. (Old.) Lochaditis (lok-ad-i/-fis). Same as Zogaditis. Lochia (loº-ke-ah) [Aóxia, A6xog, lying-in]. The dis- charge from the genital organs during from two to four weeks succeeding labor. L. alba, the whitish flow that takes place from about the seventh day. L. rubra, the sanguineous fiow of the first few days. L. serosa, the serous discharge taking place about the fifth day. Lochia (/o/-Ae-ah) [Åoxeta, childbirth]. confinement. (Rare. - Lochial (loº-ke-al) [A6xta, A6xog, lying-in]. Pertain- ing to the lochia. Lochiation (ſo-ke-a/-shun) [A6xta, A6xoç, lying-in]. Aveling's term for the excretion of the lochia. Lochioceliitis (lo-ke-o-se-le-i/ºtis) [A6xtoc, puerperal; Kothta, abdomen; tric, inflammation]. Puerperal ab- dominal inflammation. Childbirth; LOCHIOCOLICA. Lochiocolica (lo-ke-o-ko/-ić-a/) [2.6%toç, puerperal; Kożakóg, pertaining to the colon]. Pain in the ab- dominal region dependent upon, or associated with, Some lochial irregularity. Lochiodochium (ſo-ke-o-do'-ke-um). See Zochodochium. Lochiometra (lo-Ae-o-me/-trah) [Åoxia, lochia; piñrpa, uterus]. A collection of lochia in the uterus. Lochiopyra (lo-ke-op/-ir-ah) [A6xtoç, relating to child- bed; trip, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. Same as Zo- chopyra. Lochiorrhagia (lo-ke-on-a/-je-ah) [A6xta, lochia; bºyvival, to burst forth]. An excessive flow of the lochia. - Lochiorrhea (lo-ke-or-e'-ah) [2.6%la, lochia; bota, a flow]. An abnormal flow of the lochia. Lochiorrhoic (ſo-ke-or-o/-i})[A6xta, lochia; bota, flow]. Pertaining to lochiorrhea. Lochioschesis (lo-Ae-os/-kes-is) [A6xta, lochia; axéog, retention]. Suppression or retention of the lochia. Lochioschetic (lo-Ae-os-Ået/-īA) [A6xia, lochia; oxéotc, retention]. Pertaining to lochioschesis. Lochocacocolpia (lo - Ao-kak-o-Aol/-pe-ah) [Åózog, childbed ; Kakóg, evil; kó%toc, vagina]. Vaginal or vulval gangrene after childbirth. Lochoceliitis (lo-ko-se-le-i/-tis). See Zochioceliitis. Lochodochium (lo-Ao-do/-ke-um) [A6xog, childbirth ; 6éxeoffat, to receive]. A lying-in hospital; a mater- nity. - Lochomeleagra (lo-Ao-me/-e-a/-grah). [26xog, child- birth; ué%0ç, limb; Öypa, seizure]. in the limbs of parturient women. . Lochometritis (lo-ko-me-tri/-tis) [A6xoc, childbirth; puńTpa, womb ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the womb consequent upon delivery; puerperal metri- tis. & Lochometrophlebitis (ſo-ko-me-tro-ſle-bi/-tis) [A6xoç, childbirth; uſtpa, womb; phéip, vein; ºtic, inflamma- tion]. Phlebitis of the uterine veins in puerperal WOI (16 n. * - Locho-oëphoritis (lo-ko-o-off-or-i/-tis) [2.6xoç, child- bed; 6,6v, egg; popóg, bearing; attg, inflammation]. Puerperal inflammation of an ovary. Lochoperitonitis (lo-Ao-per-it-on-i/-täs) [26xog, child- bed; treptróvatov, peritoneum; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the peritoneum following childbirth. Lochopyra (ſo-àop/-ir-ah) [A6xog, childbed; trip, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. Lochos (lo'-kos) [A6xog, childbirth]. woman ; childbed. (Obs. Lochotyphus (lo-ko-fi/-fus) [A6xog, childbed; Túpog, stupor]. Puerperal fever of a typhoid type. Lock (lok) [ME., lok, lock]. I. Anything that fas- tens something else. 2. To fasten by means of a lock; to fasten so as to impede motion. L.-finger, a peculiar and very uncommon affection of the fingers in which they suddenly become fixed in a flexed position. The locking is due to the presence of a small fibrous growth in the sheath of the extensor ten- don. L.-hospital, an English hospital for the treat- ment of venereal diseases; it was originally kept with locked doors, whence the name. L.-jaw, tetanus; trismus. L.-spasm, Weir Mitchell’s term for a severe form of writer's cramp, the hand becoming spasmodic- ally firmly contracted, the spasm being followed by complete relaxation. Locked (Joſét) [ME., Iok, a lock]. Fastened by means of a lock; immovable. L. Heads. See Head-lock- ing. L. Jaw. See Trismus. L. Joint, Pajet's term for a condition similar to that described as lock-finger, but usually involving a knee-joint. Loco or L. Plant or L. Weed (lo/-ko) [Sp. for “crazy”]. A name given in parts of the U. S. to A pregnant 703 An attack of pain LODICULA various species of Astragalus, Hosackia, Oxytropis, and Sophora, poisonous plants that are believed to cause loco-disease in cattle and horses. L.-disease, a local epizoötic disease of cattle and horses, believed to be liable to follow the eating of any one of the plants called loco. Locoed (lo'-kód) [Sp., loco, crazy]. Aloco-disease, 7. v. Locomobile (ſo-Ao-mo/-&il) [locus, place; mobilis, movable]. Having the power to change place, or to move from a place. Locomobility (lo-Ao-mo-bi/-it-e) [/ocus, place; mobilis, movable]. The quality of being locomobile. Locomotility (lo-ko-mo-tiſ/-īt-e) [locus, place; motilitas, motility]. The quality or power of moving from place to place. tº Locomotion (lo-Ao-mo/-shun) [locus, place; movere, to move]. Animal movement. L. of an Artery, the straightening out of a curved artery under the impulse of the pulse-wave. Locomotive (lo-Ao-mo/-tiv) [locus, a place; movere, to move]. Moving from place to place; able to change its place ; pertaining to locomotion. L. Pulse. See Corrigan’s Pulse. Locomotivity (lo-Ao-mo-tiv/-it-e) [locus, place; mo- were, to move]. The power to move from one place to another. Locomotor (lo-ko-mo/-tor) [/ocus, a place; motor, a mover]. I. Pertaining to locomotion. 2. That which moves from place to place. L. Ataxia, or L. Ataxy. See Ataxy and Zabes. Locomotorium (lo-Ao-mo-toſ-re-um) [/ocus, a place; motor, mover: pl., Zocomotoria]. In biology, the motive apparatus of an organism ; the bones, muscles, and tendons. Locomotory (ſo-ào-mo/-for-e) [/ocus, place; movere, to move]. Pertaining to locomotion. Loculament (/o/-u-lam-ent) [loculamentum, a case, box, cell]. Same as Coculus. Loculamentum (lož-u-lam-en/-tum). Aus. . Locular, Loculate (lok/-u-lar, Zoé'-u-lat) [loculus, a cell]. In biology, possessing one or more cell-like subdivisions; divided into or having loculi. Locule (loé/-äl). See Zoculus. Loculicidal (loé-ze-ſis-i/-da/) [/oculus, a cell ; cardere, to cut]. In biology, applied to seed-capsules that split open along the dorsal suture. Loculus (lok/-ze-lus) [dim. of locus, a place ; pl., Mocuſi]. In biology, a small space or cavity; a small compartment or cell, as the seed-chamber of a fruit. Locus (loſ-AEus) [L. : pſ., Loci J. An indefinite term in anatomy, meaning a place or position. L. cine- reus, L. coeruleus, L. ferrugineus, a bluish-tinted eminence on the fasciculi teretes of the fourth ventricle of the brain. L. luteus, the regio olfactoria of the nose; so called from the yellowish color of the epithe- lium. L. minoris resistentiae, a spot of diminished resistance—a term given to a locality, varying in dif- ferent individuals, and often accidentally developed, whose resistance to the invasion of disease is less than that of other parts. L. niger, a dark area in the center of a section of the crus cerebri. See Intercalatum. L. perforatus, a name given to the anterior and the posterior perforated space at the base of the brain through which many vessels pass. L. praedilectionus, the point of election. L. ruber, the red nucleus of the tegmentum. Locust-tree. See Hymenaea courčari/. Lodicle (lod/-ik-l). Same as Lodicule. Lodicula (lod-i}/-u-lah), Same as Zodicule. Suffering from Same as Zoczt- LODICULE Lodicule (lod/-ik-ill) [lodicula, dim. of lodix, a cover- let]. In biology, a small scale found between the stamens and palet of many grasses. Lodoicea (lod-o-isſ-e-ah) [after Laodice, daughter of Priam, King of Troy]. A genus of palms. L. sech- ellarum, the double-cocoanut tree, a palm of the Seychelle Islands. This tree and its double nut are highly esteemed in the East, where magic virtues are ascribed to the fruit. Latterly a fluid extract of the plants has been recommended as a tonic, febrifuge, and alexipharmac. Dose, gtt. ij-v. Unof. Loeb, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Loebisch's Formula. See Christison’s Aormezz/a. Löffler’s Alkaline Solution. A staining-agent used in the histologic laboratory. See Stains, Zable of L.'s Bacillus, the bacillus of diphtheria. See Bacil- /us, Klebs-Zöffler’s, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. L.'s Blood-serum Mixture, a mixture con- sisting of one part of neutral meat-infusion bouillon containing IO per cent. of grape-sugar and 3 parts of blood-serum; it is a culture-medium. L.'s Method, a method of staining the flagella of microërganisms. See Stains, Table of. Löhlein's Diameter. In pelvimetry, the internal as- cending oblique diameter, measured by the finger in the vagina from the center of the sub-pubic ligament to the upper anterior angle of the great Sacro-sciatic foramen. It is 2 cm. less than the transverse diam- eter of the superior strait of the pelvis. Loemia (lem’-e-ah). See Loimia. Loemic (lem/-ić). See Zoimic. Loemography (ſemi-og/-raiſe) [Wolpióg plague; Ypáſpelv, to write]. See Loimology. Loemoid (ſem/-oid). See Zoimic. Loemology (ſem-o/-o-je). See Loimology. Loemophthalmia (lem-off-ſha/-me-ah) [Åoup.68, plague; ôp6a7)Auía, ophthalmia]. A contagious ophthalmia. Löwe’s Oak-red. See Oak-bark. L.'s Reagent or Test, a solution for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of subnitrate of bismuth, glycerin, and soda lye. See Tests, Table of L.’s Ring, a demonstration of the yellow spot of the retina which, in a strong light, appears surrounded by a bright area, two or three times as large as the spot. Clerk-Maxwell’s experiment consists in looking through a solution of chrome-alum, when there is seen an oval, purplish spot due to the pigment of the yellow spot. Loewenberg, Canal of. See Canal. Löwit’s Method. See Stains, Table of. Logadectomy (log-ad-e//-to-ºne) [Åoyáðec, whites of the eyes; ŠkTouff, excision]. Excision of a piece of the conjunctiva. (Obs.) Logades (log/-ad-ez) [Aoyáðec]. The whites of the eyes; the sclerotic coats of the eyes. (Obs.) Logaditis (log-ad-i/-tis) [Woyáðeg, whites of the eyes; tric, inflammation]. Same as Sclerotitis. (Obs.) Logadoblennorrhea (log-ad-o-blem-or-e'-ah) [Åoyáčec, whites of the eyes; É%évva, mucus; bota, flow]. Conjunctival blennorrhea. (Obs.) Logan Crown. In dentistry, an artificial crown the base of which is deeply recessed, leaving a thin bor- der to be fitted to the natural root. One end of the dowel is baked into the crown during its manufacture. The concavity of the base facilitates the adjustment of the crown to the end of the root, and gives a more permanent form to the cement holding the dowel or post. Loganin (log/-an-in), Caº HsO4. from strychnos seeds. Logodiarrhea (log-o-di-ar-e'-ah) [Aóyoc, word; Juáb- bota, a flowing through]. Excessive or maniacal loquacity. * A glucosid extracted 704 LONG Logographic (log-o-graf’-ić) [Åóyog, word; ppáſpelv, to write]. Pertaining to written words. L. Alalia, that in which the thoughts cannot be expressed in writing. Logomania (log-o-ma’-ne-ah) [Aóyog, word; Havia, madness]. I. Insanity characterized by talkativeness. 2. Aphasia. Logomonomania (log-o-mo-no-ma/-ne-ah) [A 6 y o g, word ; pióvog, single ; uavia, mania]. Monomania marked by loguacity. - Logoneurosis (log-o-nu-ro/-sis) [26)0ſ, word; veipov, nerve ; vöooç, disease ; pl., Zogoneuroses]. I. Any neurosis marked by a speech-defect. 2. Any neurosis attended with impairment of the mental powers. Logopathy (log-op/-ath-e)[26).og, word; Tá60g, disease]. Any disease affecting the speech; dyslogia. Logoplegia (log-o-ple/-je-ah) [Wóyog, word; TAmyń, stroke]. An aphasic symptom, consisting in the im- possibility of uttering a word, though the memory of its sound is clear. Logoplegic (log-o-ple/-již) [Aóyoç, word ; tāmyń, stroke]. Relating to, or characterized by, logoplegia. Logorrhea (log-or-e'-ah) [Å6)og, word; bota, a flow]. I. Abnormal rapidity of speech; a symptom of cerebral irritation. 2. Same as Zogodiarrhea. Logwood (log/-wood). See Hematoxylon. See Pigments, Conspectus of Lohoch (lo/-/o/). Same as Zoch. Loimia (loi/-me-ah) [Aotuáç, plague]. A pestilence or lague. * L; (loi/-mâA) [Aotukóg ; Wolpióg, plague]. ing to the plague or to any pestilence. Loimology (loi-mo/-o-je) [Åoupég, plague; Wóyog, a treatise]. The science of contagious epidemic dis- €aSeS. Loimopyra (loi-mop/-ir-ah) [Åouplóg, plague; trip, fire]. Pestilential fever. Loin (loin) [ME., loine, loin]. Either of the lumbi, or lower part of the back in the region of the hips. Loliin (/o/-de-in) [/o/ium, darnel]. A volatile, poison- ous alkaloid contained in the seeds of Zolium temu- Zentzema. Lolium (lo/-le-um) [L., darnel]. A genus of grasses, one of which, L. temulentum, poisonous darnel, is remarkable as one of the few grasses that appear to have poisonous qualities. Its seeds in particular are said to have narcotic qualities. By some writers this poisonous effect has been denied, and by others it has been referred to the presence of ergot; late researches seem to confirm the popular belief. Unof. Loma (lo'-mah) [źua, hem, fringe; pl., Lomata]. In biology, a flap or fringe along the toe of a bird. Lomastome (lo'-mas-tūm) [Aóua, hem, fringe; otóua, mouth]. In biology, applied to such shells as have a reflected peristome. Lomatine (lo'-maſ-in) [AſOua, hem, fringe]. logy, margined or fringed. Lombardian Leprosy. See Pellagra. Loment (lo'-ment) [Momentum, a mixture of bean-meal and rice]. In biology, a legume that when ripe breaks transversely into joints. Lomentum (lo-men'-tum). Same as Zoment. Lomilomi (lo'-me-/o/-me) [Hawaiian]. A kind of shampoo or massage, practised by the Polynesians. London Paste. A caustic paste containing equal parts of caustic soda and unslaked lime. It must be mixed with water before using. L. White. Same as White Zead. Long [ME., long, long]. Having great length. L.- sight. Synonym of Presbyºpia and Hyperopia. L.- sightedness. See /īyperopia. L. Thread-worms. See 7%read-zyorms. L.-black. Pertain- In bio- LONGEVITY Longevity (lon-jev/-it-e) [longa, long; vita, life]. Long life. Longi- (lon/-je-) [Zongus, long]. length or extent. Longicaudate (lon-je-kaw/-dāt) [longus, long; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a long tail. Longiductor (ſon-je-du//-tor) [/ongus, long; ductor, leader]. The adductor longus muscle. See Muscles, Table of Dongimanus (ſon-je-ma/-nus) [Zongus, long ; manus, A prefix signifying hand]. Long-handed. Longing (lawng/-ing) [ME., longen, to desire earnestly]. The earnest desire for anything; it is a condition often present in the female during pregnancy. Longipedate (ſon-je-pe/-dād) [Zongus, long ; pes, foot]. Long-footed. ' Longiperoneus (lon-je-per-o-me/-us) [longus, long; trepôvm, fibula]. The peroneus longus muscle. See A/uscles, Zable of Longipes (lon/-je-pês). See Longipedate. Longisect (lon-je-seº/) [Zongus, long ; secare, to cut]. To make a longisection, q.v. Longisection (ſon-je-se/-shun) [longus, long; sectio, cutting]. Longitudinal section; especially used of the body from extremity to extremity. The division of a body into sections parallel with its long axis. See Position and Direction, Zable of Longissimus (lon-ſis/-im-us) [super. of longus, long]. Longest. L. capitis, L. cervicis, the trachelomas- toid muscles. See Muscles, Zable of L. dorsi. See A/uscles, Table of - Longitude (lom/-jit-ād) [longitudo, length]. Angular distance from any standard meridian perpendicular to the plane of the axis. --- Longitudinal (lon-jit-u/-din-al) [longitudinalis, per- taining to length]. In anatomy, lengthwise, or in a direction the opposite of transverse. L. Fissure, of the cerebrum. the triangular subcranial venous channel extending from the crista galli to the tentorium. Longus (lawmg/-gus) [L., long]. Long. L. colli. See Muscles, Table of L. capitis, the rectus capitis anticus major muscle. See Muscles, Zable of L. dorsi. The longissimus dorsi muscle. See Muscles, Table of L. lumborum, an inconstant muscle attached to the bodies of the two upper lumbar ver- tebrae and the three lower dorsal vertebrae. Lonsdale’s Apparatus. An apparatus for treating frac- ture of the patella, consisting of movable arms sus- pended from two upright rods that are attached to a long posterior splint. To these arms are fastened padded plates that hold the fragments together. Loöch (ſo-o/) [Fr.]. Same as Zoch. Loodianah Disease. See Anthrax. Loofah (loo/-ſah). See Zuffa. Look-at-his-face Disease. Carate; a form of syph- ilitic skin-disease in Spain, characterized by blotches upon the face. Loong. See Lung. Loop [ME., lope, a loop). A folding of a cord, fiber, tube, or cord-like structure, upon itself. L. of Henle. See Tubuli uriniferi. L., Obstetric, the fillet. Looped (loopſ) [ME., lope, loop.]. Doubled upon itself; containing loops. L. Tubes of Henle. See Tubuli uriniferi. Loose (lūs) [ME., loos, loose]. Lax; wanting power of restraint; as loose bowels. L. Ligature. See Aligature. Looseness (loos/-nes) [ME., loos, loose]. Popular name for diarrhea. L." of the Teeth, Odontoseisis, Odontosismus; this results from disease of the gums and the gradual destruction of the alveolar processes. 705 See Fissures, Zable of L. Sinus, LOSOPHAN Loosestrife (loos/-striſ). See Lysimachia. Lophadia (lo-ſad’-e-ah). See Zophia. Lophanthus (ſo-ſan/-//ius) [2.6boc, crest; &v6og, flower]. A genus of labiate plants, popularly called hyssops, or hedge-hyssops. L. anisatus, L. nepetoides, and L. urticaefolius of North America have the general properties of the mint-family. Unof. Lophia (/o/-ſe-ah) [A690ſ, the back of the neck]. The upper part of the back near the first dorsal vertebra. Lophin (/o/-ſºn) [Zóboſ, a tuft], Col His N. Triphenyl glyoxalin ; a substance produced by distilling amarin. It is not readily soluble in alcohol, crystallizes in long needles, and melts at 275° C. Lophiodontous (/o-fe-o-don/-/us) [Zópoc, crest; 660tſ, tooth]. Having crested molar teeth. Lophodont (/o/-ſo-dont) [Zóbog, a crest; bºotic, tooth]. In biology, applied to that dentition in which the crowns of the molar teeth possess ridges or crests, as distinguished from bunodonſ. See Zophiodontous. Lophophore (lo/-ſo-ſor) [Zópog, a crest; pépoc, bear- ing]. In biology, the frame or stage surrounding the mouth of a polyzoan and giving support to the ten- tacles. Lophosteon (lo-fos/-te-on) [2660c, a crest; boréov, bone; pl., Zophostea]. In biology, the median one of the five bones that make up the sternur, of a carin- ate bird. Loquacity (ſo-Azas/-īt-e) [loquacitas , loquax, talka- tive]. Volubility of speech; talkativeness; a con- dition that is frequently excessive in various forms of mental disorder. Lorate (lo/-rat) [/orum, a thong, or lash]. shaped like a long strap. Lordoma (lor-do'-mah) [20póoöv, to bend inward]. The anterior or forward incurvation of the spine. Lordoscoliosis (lor-do-séo-le-o/-sis) [26pôogic, Žopóóelv, to bend; orožíootç, crookedness]. Lordosis with sco- liosis, Lordosis (low-do/-sis) [Zépôogic, Zopóóen, to bend]. A curvature of the spine with a forward convexity. L., Paralytic, lordosis due to paralysis of either the spinal or the abdominal muscles. L. valgorum, genu valgum, 7, 7. Lordotic (/or-doſ/-īk), Lordosic (lor-dos/-ä), Lor- dous (lor/-dus) [Zópôoog, Žopóóen, to bend]. Bent with the convexity turned ventrad; applied to the spinal column. Lore (/07) [/orum, a thong, lash, strap). In biology, the space between the eye and the bill or nostrils in birds and reptiles. Loreta's Operation. I. The forcible dilatation of the pylorus for the relief of stricture after celiogastrotomy. 2. The treatment of aneurysm by the introduction of metal wire into the sac, through which a current of electricity is then passed. See Operations, Table of. Lorica (Zor-ri’-Ka/)[L., a corselet, cuirass : //, Zorica]. In biology, a protective sheath or carapace. Loricate (/or/-ić-āţ) [/orica, a coat of mail]. ology, covered with a protective coat. Lorication (Zor-ić-a/-shun) [/orica, a leather cuirassj. The protection of a glass vessel against heat by a coat- ing of Sand and clay. Loriculate (Zor-ić’-tº-lat) [/oricula, a small breastplate]. Consisting of long divisions. Lorum (ſo'-rum) [L., thong, whip, strap: p., Zora]. Same as Zore. Lourd, Lourderie (loord, loor/-der-e). See Gia. Losi-piercing (lo/-se-pér’-sing). See 7% oka-losi. Losophan (lo/-so-ſan). Tri-iodo-cresol, an agent said to be strongly parasiticidal, and useful in parasitic dermatoses, whether due to fungous or animal para- sites. - In biology, In bi- 45 LOSTORFER'S CORPUSCLES Lostorfer's Corpuscles. The granular masses al- leged by Lostorfer to have been found in the blood of syphilitic patients. Lote (lot). See Celtis. Lotio (lo’-she-o) [L.]. See Lotion. L. adstringens, Warren's styptic, consisting of five parts of sulphuric acid, and four parts each of turpentine and alcohol. L. nigra. See Aydrazgyrum. Lotion (/o/-shun) [/otio, a wash]. Any medicinal solu- tion intended for external use. L., Black. See A- draw gyrºme. L., Cold Evaporating, plumbi acet. 3.j, pulv. opii 3.j, aquae Oj. Or, liq. plumbi sub- acetat. f.3 iv, tinct. Opii faij, aquae Oj; for exter. nal use. L., Goulard's, liquor plumbi subacetatis. See Plumbum. L. for Mouth, acid pyrolig. 3.j, aquae. f 3 viij; use externally. Or, tinct. myrrh 3 ss, potass, chlor. 3 iij, aquae f :, iv. L., Red, zinci sulph. gr. X, Spts. rosmarin., tinct, lavand, comp., áà faiss, aq. f.3 x ; use locally. Lotophagous (ſo-off’-ag-tas) [20tóg, lotus; payev, to devour]. Lotus-eating. Lotura (/o-tu'-rah). [L. J. Lotion. L. carnis, L. carnium, a sanguinolent and serous liquid some- times discharged in cases of dysentery or diarrhea. Louis’s Angina. See Ludwig's Angina. L.'s Angle. See Angle. L.'s Law. See Law. Louping-ill (Zoop/-ing-il) [E. dial., (oup, to spring]. Leaping-evil : a disease of sheep causing them to spring up in going forward (Scotch). It is due to the presence of a cystic parasite in the spinal canal. See Camurus cerebrales, under Parasites (Animal), Table Oſ. Louse (lows). See Pediculosis. Lousiness (low/-ze-nes). See Pediculosis. Lousy (low/-ze) [ME., lords, a louse]. Affected with pediculosis. * Louvred Panes. See Ventilation. Lovage (ſuz/-az/; ) [ME., loveache]. The root of Zigus- /iczew, Jewisticle/2 and Zevisticatiºn officinale, stimulant, aromatic, carminative, and emmenagogue drugs. Dose of a fla. ext, f 3.j—ij. Unof. Love (/uv) [ME., loven, to love]. strong affection. 2. Sexual passion. See Philfer. Low Crown. An artificial crown inserted into the natural root of a tooth ; it consists of a gold-backed porcelain facing, to which is attached a combined post and cap, which, from its peculiar form, is called a “step-plug,” and which fits into an enlarged root- canal of a similar form. Lower, Tubercle of. See Tubercle. Loxa Bark (ſoks’-a/, bar/). Pale cinchona; the bark of Cinchona officinalis. Loxarthron (loés-ar/-thron) [20566, slanting; dipffpov, a joint]. Any oblique or abnormal direction of a joint, not caused by spasm or luxation. Loxarthrosis (/o/*s-ar-thro/-sis) [Åošóg, awry; &pſpoolç, joint]. Distortion of a joint. Loxauchenus (loks aw-ken/-us) [Å0%g, oblique; aiyâv, neck]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line drawn between the basion and the inion is from 14° to 20°. Loxia (loés/-e-ah). See Torticollis. Loxic (/o/*s’-ić) [Åošóg, oblique]. twisted. Loxochordus (Joſés-o-kor'dus) [Wołóg, oblique; chorda, a cord]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the intersection of the radius fixus and the line drawn from the bregma to the lambda is between 17° and 29°. Loxocoryphus (ſoks-o-kor/-ij-us) I. To regard with L.-potion. Distorted ; awry; [Wošóg, oblique ; 706 LUBRICATING Kopvpff, the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line connecting the bregma and the lambda is between 17° and 28.5°. - Loxocyesis (loks-o-si-e'-sis) [Wołóg, awry; kimotº, preg- nancy]. Oblique displacement of the gravid uterus. Loxodont (loés'-o-dont), Loxodontous (loºs-o-don'- tus) [Åošóg, aslant; 6000c, tooth]. Having teeth placed at abnormal angles with the jaw. Loxolophodont (oks-o-'of'-o-dont) [Wošóg, slanting; Żópog, a crest; 6000c, tooth]. In biology, a form of dentition in which oblique crests connect the anterior internal tubercle of the upper molars with two ex- ternal tubercles; this is characteristic of a gigantic Ungulate. - Loxometopus (loés-o-met-o/-pus) [Åošóg, oblique; pléto- Tov, the space between the eyes]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line drawn from the bregma to the nasal point is between 43° and 47° Loxophthalmos (loks-off-tha/-mos). Synonym of Strabismus, g. v. Loxopisthius (lošs-o-pisſ-the-us) [A630g, oblique; otio- (hog, hinder]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line drawn through the lambda and the inion is between 95° and IO4°. Loxopisthocranius (loks-o-pis-Ého-Ara/-me-us) [20;óg, oblique; 5ttoffev, behind; Kpavíov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and a line drawn through the lambda and the opisthion is between I 19° and 130°. Loxoprosopus (loks-o-pros’-o-pus) [Åošóg, oblique ; Tpó- ootov, face]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line drawn from the nasion to the alveolar point is between 78.5° and 89.5°. - Loxopterygin (lo/*s-o-ter/-ij-in) [Åošóg, oblique; Trépuš, a wing], CºgPIsiN,O2. A white amorphous alkaloid ob- tained from the bark of Loxopterygium lorentzii. Loxopterygium (loks-o-ter-ij/-e-um) [Wošóg, oblique; Trépw;, wing]. A genus of anacardiaceous trees. lorentzii, L. sagotii, red quebracho, the bark of which is used as a substitute for cinchona. Unof. Loxorrhinus (loſés-or-i/-nus) [Wošóg, oblique; bic, nose]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and a line drawn from the na- sion to the subnasal point is between 77.5° and 87.5°. Loxotic (loks-of/-ić). See Loxic. Loxotmesis (ſoks-of-me/-sis). See Loxotomy. Loxotomy (loks-of/-o-me) [Åošóg, oblique; Touñ, a cut. ting]. That form of amputation commonly known as the “oblique section.” - Loy’s Disease. Horse-pox. See Diseases, Zable of Lozenge (ſoz/-enj) [ME., Mosange, lozenge]. A medi- cated tablet with sugar as a basis. See Trochiscus. Lubido (ſu-bid/-o). See Libido. Lubricant (ſu/-brik-ant) [lubricare, to make smooth]. Making smooth, oily, or slippery. Lubricating (/u/-briſk-a-ting) [lubricare, to make smooth]. Making smooth or slippery. L. Oils, oily products obtained chiefly from petroleum and used for lubricating purposes. Some crude petroleums are nat- ural lubricating oils, requiring little or no treatment to fit them for use. The other petroleum lubricating oils are obtained in one of two ways—either by driving off the light hydrocarbons from the crude oil, yielding what is called a “reduced oil,” or they are the oils obtained by distilling the petroleum residuum in tar- stills. The lightest of the lubricating oils, varying in gravity from 32° B. to 38° B., are frequently called “neutral oils.” They are largely used for the purpose of LUBRICATION mixing with animal or vegetable oils, and it is therefore necessary that they should be thoroughly deodorized, decolorized, and deprived of the blue fluorescence, or “bloom,” characteristic of petroleum distillates that contain paraffin. Heavier lubricating oils are called “spindle ’’ oils and “cylinder” oils. The most im- portant characters to be possessed by these oils are high fire-test, low cold-test, and a high degree of viscosity. Lubrication (ſu-brić-a/-shun), [ſubricare, to make smooth]. The process of making smooth or slippery by the application of a lubricant. Lubricity (ſu-bris/-īt-e) [ſubricare, to make slippery]. A synonym of lasciviousness; slipperiness. Lubricous (lu/-brik-us) [lubricus, lubricare, to make Smooth]. Smooth, slippery. - Luca, Horizontal Plane of. See Plane. Lucent (ſu/-sent) [lucere, to shine]. Bright, shining. . Lucernal (ſu-ser/-mal) [ſucerma, a lamp]. Pertaining to lamp-light. Lucet, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable O/". - Lucid (lu'-sid) [ſucidus, clear]. Clear, shining, unob- scured. L. Interval, the transitory return of normal mental action and sanity in certain forms and cases of in- Sanity. Lucidity (ſu-sid/-it-e) [ſucidus, clear]. Clearness; lucid interval. - - Lucidum (/u/-sid-tam) [lucidus, clear]. Septum. See Septum. - Luciferase (ſu-siſ/-er-āz) [ſucifer, light-bringing]. The name applied by Dubois to one of the two diastatic substances which become phosphorescent when mixed in the presence of water, and which are found in the mollusc, Pholas dactyliſera, the mouth of which is luminous. Luciferin (ſu-sif/-er-in) [lux, lucis, light; ferre, to Clear. L., bear]. A crystalline body obtained from the light-pro- ducing organs of certain animals. Lucifer-match Disease or L.-match Maker’s Dis- ease. Necrosis of the jaw due to phosphorus-poi- Soning. Luciform (ſu/-siform) [/ux, light; forma, form]. Resembling light. Lucifugal (ſu-sif/-u-gal) [/ux, light; fugere, to flee]. Fleeing from or avoiding light. Lucifugous (ſu-siſ’-z-gus) [/ux, light; fugere, to flee]. In biology, applied to organisms that avoid light. Lucilia (lit-siſ/-e-ah) [L.]. A genus of dipterous in- sects, the larvae of which act as facultative parasites, producing various forms of myiasis, 7. v. See Para- sites (Animal), Zable of Lucilin (ſu/-siſ-in) [/ux, lucis, light]. A commercial mixture of lamp-petroleum and brown coal-oil. Lucina (lit-si'-na/.) [/ux, light]. The goddess of childbirth. L. sine coitu. Parthenogenesis, 7. v. Lucomania (lu-ko-ma/-ne-ah) [Wüxog, wolf; pavía, mania]. Same as Lycanthropy, q.v. Lucuma (lu-ku/-mah) [mat. Peruvian]. A genus of trop- ical American Sapotaceous trees. L. caimito, of S. America (called abi and abiaba) is strongly tonic and antiperiodic, and is useful in diarrhea ; other species have similar qualities. Unof. Lucumin (lu-ku/-min) [ſucuma]. obtained from Zzeczema caimito. for use in diarrheas and in intermittent fevers. gr. j-viij. Unof. Ludwig’s Angina. A cellulitis of the neck, usually a secondary inflammation in the specific fevers, particu- larly diphtheria and scarlet fever. It may, however, occur idiopathically or result from trauma. The A bitter principle It is recommended Dose 707 In biology, having a smooth, Shining surface. Lumbifragium LUMBRICOID swelling is marked in the submaxillary region. It is also called Louis’s Angina. See Angima, and Diseases, Zable of L.'s Angle (Angulus /*edozici), the angle that exists in some cases of emphysema between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. See Angle. L.'s Ganglion. See Gang/ia, Zable of Lücke's Test. See Tests, Table of. Lues (lu'-es) [L.J. Formerly a pestilential disease; at present used as an euphemism for syphilis. L. deifica, L. divina, epilepsy. Luetic (lu-et/-ié) [ſues, a plague]. Affected with or re- lating to lues; Syphilitic. Luffa (/u//-a/.) [Arab.]. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants. L. acutangula, the strainer vine, of India, having an edible fruit, a purgative and emetic root, and oil-bearing seeds. L. amara has similar uses. L. cylindrica, the “wash-rag,” “towel gourd,’’ or “vegetable sponge,” bears a fruit which when dry contains a sponge-like network of fibers. This is some- times used as a substitute for a sponge or towel. L. purgans, of S. America, affords a strongly purgative resin. Unof. Lugol's Caustic. iodid, of each one part, in water two parts. lution. See Jodin. Lumbaginous (lum-baſ'-in-us) [/umbus, loin]. Affected with, or pertaining to, lumbago. Lumbago (Zum-ba/-go) [/umbus, the loin]. Pain in the structures about the loins, whether neuralgic or rheu- matic. Lumbar (ſum/-bar) [lumbus, the loin]. Pertaining to the loins, especially to the region about the loins. L. Abscess, an abscess in the lumbar region. L. Arteries. See Arteries, Zable of L. Colotomy. See Zumbo-colotomy. L. Myalgia, lumbago. L. Nephrectomy, nephrectomy through an incision in the lumbar region. L. Nephrotomy, nephrotomy through an incision in the lumbar region. L. Nerves. See AVerves, Zable of L. Reflex. See A’effewes, Table of L. Region. See Abdomen. . Lumben (ſum’ ben) [Zumbus, loins]. Belonging to the loin in itself. Lumberman's Itch. Same as Army Itch. (/um-ºf-ra’ fe-zon) [/umbus, frangere, to break]. Lumbar hernia. Lumbiplex (lum/-be-pleks). The lumbar plexus. Lumbiplexal (/um-be-p/e/s/-a/) [/umbus, loin ; plexus, net]. Pertaining to the lumbiplex. Lumbo-abdominal (/um/-bo-aē-dom/-in-a/) [/umbus, loin ; abdomen, abdomen]. Pertaining to the loin and the abdomen. . Lumbocolotomy (ſum/-bo-Ko-of/-o-me) [/umhus, loin ; kóżov, colon; Touff, a cutting]. Colotomy performed in the lumbar region. Lumbo-costal (lum-bo-Kosſ-tal) [/umbus, loin ; costa, rib]. Pertaining to the loins and the ribs. Lumbodorsal (lum-bo-dor’-sa/) [/umbus, loin ; dorsum, back]. Pertaining to the lumbar and dorsal regions. Lumbodynia (lum-bo-dim/-e ah) [/umbus, loin ; 66inm, pain]. Same as Lumbago. Lumbo-inguinal (lum-bo-in/-gwin-al) [lumbus, loin ; inguen, groin]. Pertaining to the lumbar and in- guinal regions. Lumbosacral (lum-bo-sa/-Aral) [lumbus, loin; sacrum, sacrum]. Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions. Lumbricales (lum-brić-a/-lez). See Muscles, Table of: Lumbricide (lum/-óris-id) [/umbricus, earth-worm ; cardere, to kill]. A drug fatal to lumbricoid worms. Lumbriciform (ſum-bris/-īform). See Lumbricoid. Lumbricoid (lum/-brić-oid) [/umbricus, earth-worm ; eiðoç, likeness]. Pertaining to, or resembling, a lumbricus. A solution of iodin and potassium L.'s So- loin ; ILUMBRICUS Lumbricus (lum/-brić-us) [L. : pl., Lumbrici]. A genus of worms, including the common earth-worm and certain intestinal worms. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Lumen (/u/-men) [/umen, light]. The caliber or canal of any tubular vessel; the cavity of a vessel when examined in transverse section. Luminiferous (ſu-min-if”-er-us) [/umen, light; ferre, to bear]. Emitting light. Luminosity (ſu-min-os/-īt-e) [ſuminosus, full of light]. The property of emitting light. Lumnitzer, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Syno- nymatic Zable of Lump [ME., Mompe, a stump). I. A small mass; a protuberant part. 2. A dull person. 3. In the plural, a popular term for strumous enlargement of the cervical glands. Lumpy (ſum/-pe) [ME., Mompe, a stump.]. Abounding in, or consisting of, lumps. L. Jaw. See Actinomycosis. 3. Lunacy (/u/-nas-e) [/una, the moon]. A popu- lar name for insanity, so called from the tradi- tional belief that it was influenced by the moon. Lunar (/u/-mar) [/una, moon]. Pertaining to the moon or to silver (ſuna of the alchemists). L. Caustic. See Argentum and Caustic. Lunare, or Os lunare (lu-ma’ re)[/una, moon]. The semilunar bone of the carpus. Lunaria (/w-ma/-re-a/.) [/unaris, pertaining to the moon]. Menstruation. Lunate (ſu/-nāt) [/unare, bent like a crescent]. In biology, crescent-shaped, or having cres- centiform markings. Lunatic (/u/-nat-ié) [ſumaticus, luna, moon]. Affected with lunacy or insanity. Lunatism . (/u/-nat-izm) [/umatismus; luna, moon]. An old name for various diseases sup- ſº, posed to be under the controlling influence of the moon. Lund's Apparatus. A triangular frame of iron used to correct prolapse of the uterus. L.'s Oil, an oil used for anointing catheters. It consists of olive oil and castor oil each one ounce, carbolic acid one dram. Lune (Zün) [/una, moon]. A fit of lunacy or madness. Lunella (/u-me/-ah) [dim. of luna, moon]. Same as Aſypopyon. Lunet or Lunette (ſee-net/) [Fr.]. A spectacle-lens. Also, a general term including telescopes, marine- glasses, spectacles, and all similar devices to aid vision. Lung [ME., Zunge, lung]. The organ of respiration, in which the impure venous blood is oxidized by the air drawn through the trachea, bronchi, and air- vesicles. There are two lungs, a right and a left, the former usually consisting of three, the latter of two lobes. The lungs are situated in the thoracic cavity, and are enveloped by the pleurae. At the root or hilum the bronchus and its arteries, and the pulmonary artery and nerves enter, and the pulmonary and bronchial veins and lymphatics leave. The lung proper consists of mi- nute air-vesicles held in place by connective-tissue tra- beculae. Capillaries traverse the walls of the air-vesi- cles and bring the circulating blood in close proximity to the air. The average weight of the adult right lung is 22 ounces; that of the left 20 ounces. L., Black, anthracosis of the lung. L., Coal-miner's, L., Collier's, anthracosis of the lung. L.-fever, croupous pneumonia. L.-grown, having the pleura adherent to the lungs. L., Miner's, anthracosis of the lung. L.-sick, a form of pneumonia prevalent among the oxen of South Africa. L.-struck, suffer- ing from disease of the lungs. L.-tester, a spirometer. L.-worm, a parasitic worm in the lung. L.-wort, 708 I. Left side of heart. 4. Left auricle. monary artery. , 8. Origin of aorta, artery. II. Right common carotid artery. 12, 12. Subclavian arteries. I3. Scalenus anticus muscle. 7. Pneumogastric nerves. 20. Left lung. Lunule (lu'-mill) [dim. of luna, the moon]. LUPINE the leaves of Pu/monaria officinalis, a demulcent and mucilaginous drug. It is a favorite medicine in lung- complaints. Dose of the fid. ext. 3 SS-j. Unof. RELATION OF LUNGs to other THORACIC ORGANs. 2. Right side of heart. 3. Coronary artery. 6. Superior vena cava. 7. Pul- 5. Right auricle. e 9. Arch of aorta, Io. In nominate 14. First rib. 15. Larynx. 16. Trachea. 18, 18. Phrenic nerves. 19. Right lung. 22, 22. Seventh pair of ribs. 21, 21. Diaphragm. Lungen (lung/-en) [Ind.]. The name given in India to a form of diarrhea, the most frequent disease of elephants, caused by the trematode parasite Amphis- toma hawksii, Cobbold. See Parasites (Anima/), Table of Lunula (lūn/-u-lah) [dim. of luna, moon]. The white convex or semilunar area of a nail near the root; onyx. L. of the Cardiac Valves, the delicate edges of the leaflets of the semilunar valves. L. of Gia- nuzzi. See Crescents of Gianuzzi. L. lacrymalis, a small crest of bone separating the antrum of High- more from the lacrymal groove. Lunular (lūn/-u-lar), Lunulate (lān/-u-lāt). See Alzamate. In bi- ology, applied to crescentiform impressions or marks upon various animals. Luny (/u/-ne) [ſuna, moon]. A popular term for crazy. Lupia (lu'-pe-ah) [lupus, wolf J. A name given to several kinds of malignant tumor, phagedenic ulcer, and fungoid growth, and also to a wen. See also Molluscum. L. cancrosa, carcinoma developing in atheroma of the skin. L. scrofulosa, scrofuloderma tuberculosum. Lupiform (ſu/-piform) [ſupus, a wolf; forma, form]. Same as Zupoid. Lupigenin (ſu-pij/-en-in) [/uples, a wolf I, CITH12O6. A substance resulting from the decomposition of lupiin by acids. Lupiin (/u/-pe-in) [/upus, a wolf], Cº, Haz Ois + 7PI,O. A bitter principle found in germinating lupine seeds. Lupine (ſu/-pin) [ſupus, a wolf]. A popular name for various leguminous plants of the genus Zupinus, e . Lupulus (/u/-pu-lus). LUPINIDIN many of which are poisonous. A large number of the species are American. Lupinidin (ſu-pin/-id-in) [lupus, a wolf], CsPI is N. A liquid alkaloid obtained from Zupinus luteus. Lupinin (lu'-pin-in) [/upus, a wolf], Cai Hao N2O,. An alkaloid, or tertiary amin, from the seeds of Zupinus /uteus, also, an alkaloid from the seeds of Zupinus albus, also, a glucosid from the leaves of both species. All three are paralyzants, depressing the motor and sensory centers. The one first named has been pro- posed as a substitute for quinin. Lupinosis (ſu-pin-o’-sis) [ſupus, a wolf]. A disease of cattle said by some to be produced by eating the herb- age of certain poisonous species of lupine. See Zathy- 7°2S/2. Lupinotoxin (ſu-pin-o-toks/-īn) [lupinus, lupine; to;t- kóv, poison]. A resinoid derived from certain poi- sonous species of lupine, and said to be capable of producing the symptoms of lupinosis. Lupiology (ſu-pe-o/-o-je) [ſupia, wen; Wöyoç, Science]. The science of malignant tumors. Lupoid (lu'-poid) [lupus, wolf; eiðoc, like]. the nature of lupus. Lupomania (lu-po-ma/-ne-ah) [lupus, wolf; plavia, madness]. Rabies. Lupotome (ſu/-po-tūm) [lupus, wolf; Touff, a cutting]. A cutting or scarifying instrument sometimes used in the treatment of lupus. - Lupous (ſu/-pus) [lupus, wolf]. taining to lupus. Lupulin (/u/-pâ-lin) [lupus, lupulus, hop]. I. Caº Hso- O. A crystalline principle obtainable from powdery glands of the hop-plant. See Aumulus. It is said to be strongly narcotic. 2. The yellow, resinous powder of hops, composed mainly of dried glands from the strobiles of the plant; it is the lupulinum of the U. S. P. Its fluid extract and oleoresin are official. Dose Having Affected with or per- 709 of the fli. ext., gtt. IO-I5 ; of the oleoresin, gr. ii-V. 3. The precipitate from a tincture of the cones of hops, Aſumulus lupulus, a nervine, hypnotic, febrifuge, an- tiperiodic, and tonic. Dose from I to 2 grains. Unof. Lupulina (lit-pu-li’-mah) [L. : gen., Lupulinae]. Same as Zupulin. Lupulinum (lu-fu-li/-num) [L. : gen., Lupulini]. Same as Zupulin. See Humzelus. Lupus (lu'-pus) [L., a wolf J. Lupus vulgaris, a chronic disease of the skin and some mucous mem- branes, characterized by the formation in the connective tissue of modules of granulation-tissue. It passes through a number of clinical phases, and terminates by ulceration or atrophy, with scar-formation. The cause of the disease is the tubercle-bacillus. L., Acne, an obstimate papular eruption of doubtful character occur- ing in the localities usually selected by Acne vulgaris and sometimes associated with it, L., Acneiform. See A. erythematosus sebaceus. L. anatomicus, the ana- tomic tubercle. L., Cazenave's, lupus erythemato- sus, 7. v. See also Diseases, Table of L., Common, lupus vulgaris. L., Disseminated Follicular, aden- oid acne, a variety of acne confined to the face, espe- cially in the situations usually occupied by acne. The papules are from a large pin’s head to a pea in size, conic and deep-red. They may coalesce to form a lupus- like tissue. L. disseminatus, a term applied to any case of lupus with multiple patches. L. eczema, a form of Z. erythematosus resembling eczema. L. endemicus. See Aleppo Aoil. L. erythematodes. Synonym of Z. erythematosus. L. erythematosus, A. erythematodes, Cazenave's lupus; a form not due to the tubercle-bacillus. It occurs, as a rule, in mul- tiple patches, with a tendency to symmetric arrange- LUPUS ment, chiefly about the face and head, occasionally on the extremities, and rarely on the trunk. The patches are sharply defined at the border, fiat, very slightly raised, and with a tendency to the formation of crusts. The color is bright-red, and there are no nodules. The disease tends to spread slowly at the periphery, and new patches may form in the neighborhood of the old. the disease. Feeble circulation favors the development of It is most common in females of adult or middle age. L. erythematosus aggregatus. See Z. erythematosus disseminatus. L. erythemato- sus circumscriptus, the most common form, attack- ing chiefly the head and face, especially the nose, cheeks, and ears, often symmetrically. It appears in the early stage as isolated or grouped, small, red spots, about an eighth of an inch in diameter, with a yellow- ish spot at the center, and a small closely adherent Scale. These slowly extend peripherally and ultimately co- alesce into patches of a dirty yellowish-white appear- ance. Cicatrization occurs in the center. The disease is one of long duration. L. erythematosus corneus, A. erythematosus in which the scales are not greasy. L. erythematosus discoides, the asymmetric form of L. erythematosus. L. erythematosus discretus, a form of Z. erythematosus in which irregular patches are scattered over various parts of the body. It is associated with constitutional symptoms—fever and pains in the head, bones, joints, etc. L. erythema- tosus disseminatus, Z. erythematoszes aggregatus,’ Zupus-psoriasis; a rare form of Lupus ery/hematosus, characterized by a wider diffusion of the eruption, an extension by repeated outbreaks, and by the fact that the patches never coalesce. It is a chronic disease usually, but may be acute. L. erythematosus Seba- ceus, a form with special involvement of the Seba- ceous glands. L. erythematosus telangiectodes, a variety characterized by marked dilatation of the cu- taneous blood-vessels. L., Erythematous, lupus erythematosus. L. exedens. Synonym of Z. vul- garis. L. exfoliativus. See Lupus maculosus. L. exuberans, a form of lupus, usually Z. exulcerans, associated with papillary excrescences. L. exulcer- ans, a term used to distinguish that form in which the destruction of tissue is rapid or intense, or in which the epidermis is lost and a secreting ulcerating surface is disclosed. L. framboesiformis, L. fram- boesioides. See Z. exuberans. L., Fungous. Synonym of Lupus exuberans. L. haemorrhagicus, A. erythematosus disseminatus associated with hem- orrhagic vesicles and blebs that dry and form crusts. L. hypertrophicus, that variety in which new con- nective-tissue formation predominates over the destruc- tive process, and markedly raised, thick patches result. L. idiopathicus. Synonym of Z. vulgaris. L. im- petiginosus, a form of Z. erythematosus in its earlier stages resembling impetiginous eczema. L. lymphat- icus. See Lymphangioma circumscrip/um. L. macu- losus, a variety characterized by the eruption of very soft, smooth, brownish-red, semi-translucent miliary nodules, which develop in the connective tissue of otherwise healthy skin without subjective sensa- tions. This eruption constitutes the earliest sign of lupus. When the surface desºluamates, the name Zupus exfoliativus is given to it, L. mili- aris. See L., Acme, L. mutilans, lupus exe- dens, causing destruction of tissue and disfigurement. L., Necrogenic, the anatomic tubercle. L. non-exe- dens, lupus without ulceration. L. papillaris, L. papillomatosus, a form characterized by papillary growths that may reach the size of the palm. These are most frequently seen on the extremities and but- tocks, and occur only on ulcerated surfaces. L. per- LURIDITY forans, lupus ulcerating through the skin into a mu- cous cavity, or through the septum between two mu- cous cavities. L. phagedaenicus, ulcerating lupus associated with phagedena. L. prominens. See Alupus tuberosus. L.-psoriasis. See Z. erythematosus disseminatus. L. rodens. See Z. exulcerams. L. scrofulosus. See Scrofte/oderma tuberculosum. L. sebaceus. Synonym of L. erythematosus. L. Se- borrhagicus. Synonym of Z. ery//hematosus. L. serpiginosus, a term applied to lupus that spreads or creeps on peripherally while cicatrizing centrally. L. solitarius, lupus vulgaris confined to a single patch. L. superficialis. Synonym of Z. erythematosus. L., Syphilitic, a form of tubercular syphilid which is likely to ulcerate serpiginously, and closely simulates lupus vulgaris. It is due to the breaking down of Superficial gummata. The ulcer is covered with a thick, green- ish-brown crust, has a sharply punched-out margin and a circinate or reniform outline. The scar is usu- ally flexible, white, and shining. L. terebrans. Synonym of Zupus perforams. L. tuberculosus. Synonym of Z. vulgaris. L. tuberosus, a form of lupus with small nodular prominences. L. tumidus, a variety in which edematous infiltration and connec- tive-tissue overgrowth are present, leading to the for- mation of nodular masses. L. ulcerosus. Synonym of Z. exulcerans. L. vegetans, L. verrucosus, the formation in the lupus process of a warty-looking patch which is liable to become inflamed from time to time. This form occurs chiefly on the hands and feet, and usually in early life. L. vorax. See Z. exul- cerans. L. vulgaris. See Zupus. L. vulgaris erythematodes, a variety with lesions resembling those of Z. vulgaris and Z. erythematosus. It may invade the scalp and the mucous membrane of the mouth, spreading from the face. L. of the Vulva. See Asthioméne. Luridity (lu-rid/-īt-e) [luridus ; Juror, yellow color]. A pale-yellow color met with in certain cachectic con- ditions; also in atrophied paralyzed limbs. Luschka's Bursa. See Z.’s Zonsil. L.'s Cartilage, a nodule of elastic cartilage in the anterior part of the vocal band. L.'s Gland, the coccygeal gland, q. v. A small conglobate body lying near the tip of the coccyx just above the coccygeal attachment of the sphincter ani. Its function is not known. See Gland. L.'s Tonsil, the adenoid tissue that normally exists between the orifices of the Eustachian tubes, analo- gous in structure to the lymphoid constituents of the tonsil. It is also called “Third tonsiſ” and “A”haryn- geal tonsiſ.” L.'s Villi, minute spheroid, partially vesicular outgrowths from the upper layer of the pia, which eventually become the Pacchionian bodies. Luscitas (/us/-it-as) [/uscus, one-eyed]. I. The state of being blind in one eye. 2. Strabismus, especially when caused by paralysis or rheumatism. Lusis (/u/-sis) [Aoûoug, a washing]. A washing. Lussac, Gay, Law of. See Zazv. Lust [ME., lust, lust]. Carnal desire; sexual appe- tite; concupiscence. Lustful (/us/-fu/) [ME., lust, lust]. Libidinous; hav- ing prurient lust. Lustgarten, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. L.'s Method, a method of staining the bacillus of syphilis. See Stains, Table of Lustramentum (/us-tram-en/-ſum) [/us/rare, to purify]. A purge. Lusus (ſu/-sus) [ludere, to play]. L. naturae, a freak of nature; parture from that which is natural. Lutation (ſu-ta/-shun) [/utum, mud J. sealing of a vessel. - A play; a game. any abnormal de- The hermetic 710 LY COIDES Lutein (lu'-te-in) [/uteus, yellow]. I. A pigment obtained from corpora lutea by extraction with chloro- form. It occurs in minute rhombic prisms or plates that are pleochromatic and insoluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Lutein is more or less rapidly bleached by the action of light. 2. A red lipochrome pigment found by MacMunn in the blood of Æo- /othusia nigra, L.- cells, large cells, containing granules of lutein, character- istic of the metamor- phosed clot of rup- tured Graafian fol- licles, to the margins of which they impart a bright yellow color, whence the name corpora lutea. These cells appear to arise from the thera interna. See il- lustration. Luteolin (lu'-te-o-lin) [luteus, yellow]. A yellow color- ing-substance obtained from diphenylamin and diazoxy- lenesulphonic acid; also, a crystalline body, Coohil Os, found in Keseda lutea. See Pigments, Conspectus of Luteolous (lu-te/-o-lus) [/uteolus, dim. of luteus, golden-yellow]. In biology, buff, or yellowish. Luteous (/u/-te-us) [ſutum, mud J. Clay-colored, mud colored; saffron, or reddish-yellow. Lutescent (lu-tes/-ent) [ſutum, mud]. yellowish, or becoming yellow. Luton’s Sugar-test. See 7 ests, Zable of - Lutose (lu'-tas) [ſutum, mud). In biology, applied to such organisms as are covered with a substance like mud. Luxation (luks-a/-shun). See Dislocation. Luxatura (Zuks-at-u/-rah). See Dislocation. Luxus (ſu/s/-us) [L., “excess,”]. Excess. L.-breath- ing, the breathing of more air than is actually called for by the needs of the organism. L.-consump- tion, a term applied by Bidder and Schmidt to the metabolism of certain surplus proteid material, which, though inside the body, does not form a component part of any of its tissues, but constitutes a kind of res- ervoir of force upon which the organism can draw. Luys' Body. A lentiform ganglion of a milk-and-coffee color, which lies in the ideal continuation of the lateral part of the ganglion of Soemmering. It represents the boundary between the crusta and the tegmentum. L.'s Transference Method. See Aypnotism. Lycaconitin (lik aft-on/-it-in) [Wikoç, a wolf; aconitum, aconite], Co. Haſ N2O3 + H2O. An amorphous alka- loid, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, obtained from Aconitum. /ycoctonum. In its toxicologic action it resembles curare. Lycanthrope (/i/-kan-thrôp) [%koç, wolf; &vôparoc, man]. A person affected with lycanthropy. Lycanthropic (li-Aan-throp'-ić) [Wükoç, wolf; āvöpſotrog, man]. Pertaining to or affected with lycanthropy. Lycanthropy (/;-kan'-thro-pe) [2%koç, a wolf; &vôpoſtoc, man]. A form of mania in which a person imagines himself a wild beast. Cf. Zoanthropy. Lychnidiate (lić-mid/-e-āţ) [%xvoc, a lamp]. ology, luminous, phosphorescent. Lycin (/i/-sin). See Betain. Lycodes (li-ko/-dez) [Wükoç, wolf]. A chronic form of tonsillitis. See Zycoides. Lycoid (ſā’-koid) [Wikoç, wolf; eiðog, like]. bling a wolf. Lycoides (li-koid’-ez) [%koç, wolf; elóog, like]. A term applied to a form of quinsy popularly attributed to excess of spermatic fluid in the seminal reservoirs and its entrance into the blood. LUTEIN-CELLs. In biology, In bi- Resem- LY COMANIA Lycomania (li-ko-ma/-ne-ah) [Wükoç, wolf; uavía, mad- ness]. Synonym of Zycanthropy, 7 v. Lycoperdon (li-ko-per/-don) [Wikoç, wolf; Tépôeodat, to break wind]. A genus of gasteromycetous fungi. L. bovista, fist-ball, puff-ball, devil's snuff-box. This has been used as a styptic, and is now to some extent employed in nervous diseases. The fumes have been used as an anesthetic. L. giganteum, the giant puff-ball; similar to Z. Öovista, L. proteus. See A. giganteum. Lycopersicon, Lycopersicum (li-ko-per/-sik-on, li-Ao- per/-sik-um) [Wikoç, wolf; Tepotkóc, peach]. A section of the Solanaceae, of which several species are well known. See Solanum. Lycopin (/i/-ko-pin) [Aikoç, wolf; toig, foot]. A pre- cipitate from a tincture of Zycopus ziz gizzicus, an astringent, styptic, sedative, and tonic. Dose from I to 4 grains. Unof. - Lycopodin (ſi-ko-po'-din) [2(koç, wolf; Toig, foot], Caº Hg2N,Os. A bitter alkaloid found in Zycopodium cla- zatum and Z. complanatum. It is readily soluble in water, ether, and in alcohol. Unof. Lycopodium (li-Ao-po'-de-um) [%koç, wolf; Towg, foot]. Club-moss, witch-meal, wolf’s-claw. sporules of Z. clavatum and other varieties, in the form of a light, fine, yellowish powder, are used as a desiccant and absorbent on moist and excoriated sur- faces; in pharmacy, as an inert powder in which to imbed pills to prevent their adhering to each other. Lycopodium is inflammable and slightly explosive, whence the name ‘‘ vegetable sulphur.” A large num- ber of species are known. L. clavatum, lycopodium. L. complanatum, common club-moss, ground-pine, found in Europe and North America. L. inundatum, marsh club-moss. L. officinale. See Z. clavatum. L. phlegmasia, an Asiatic species said to possess aphrodisiac properties. L. recurvum. See L. selago. L. rubrum, a species which is purgative. It has been employed in South America in elephantiasis. L. saussurus, Brazilian piligon. Its alkaloid, piligonin, is a powerful emetic, purgative, and convulsant. L. selago, fir-moss, fir-club-moss, tree- moss; a species found in Europe and North America. It is cathartic and emetic in its action. Unof. Lycopus (li/-ko-pus). See Bugleweed. Lycorexia, Lycorrhexy (li-kor-eks/-e-ah, li/-Åor-eks-e) [Wükoç, wolf; Špejtg, appetite]. A wolfish or canine appetite; bulimia. - - Lycostoma (li-kos'-to-mah) [Wükoç, wolf; otóua, mouth]. Cleft palate. Lye (li) [ME., ley, lye). The solution of alkaline hydrates obtained by leaching ashes; any alkaline Solution. Lyencephalous (li-en-sef’-al-us) [Affety, to loosen ; êyképañog, brain]. Having cerebral hemispheres that are loosely united. Lygismus (ſi-již/-mus) [Åvytoplog, from Avyigetv, to bend]. A melodious, flexible voice; also, disloca- tion. Lygmus (lig’-mus) [?vypuffc). Synonym of Hiccough. Lygodesmia (li-go dez/-me-ah) [Atiyog, twig; 6eoplóg, bond]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. L. spinosa, of Nevada and California, has about its stem, at the ground, a tuft of woolly or silky fiber, useful as a hemostatic. Unof. Lygophilous (AE-goff’-i/-us) [Wüym, twilight; pºeiv, to love]. Seeking dark places. Lying-down, Lying-in. See Puerperal State. Lyma (li/-mah) [Aiſia, washings; pl., Zymata]. I. Filth, or sordes. 2. Lochia. Lymph (limf) [lympha, water]. The fluid in the lym- phatic vessels, the product of the filtration of the 711 In medicine, the actively LYMPHADENOMA liquid portion of the blood through the walls of the capillaries. Applied, also, to certain products of lymph-exudation in wounds, etc. L., Animal, vac- cine-lymph obtained from an animal. L., Aplastic, a lymph-product of inflammation that will not form embryonic tissue. It is called, also, Corpuscular or Crozºozas Aymph. L., Bovine, vaccine-material ob- tained from a cow or a calf. L., Calf, vaccine from the calf. L.-cell, L.-corpuscle, a leukocyte occurring in the lymph. L.-corpuscles, the colorless corpuscles of the lymph. L., Euplastic. See Z., Plastic. L., Fibrinous. Same as Z., Plastic. L.-follicles, branched lacunar labyrinthine parts composed of adenoid tissue intercalated in the course of the lym- phatic vessels. They are not true glands. L.- glands. See Zymp/atic G/and's. L.-hearts, exist in certain cold-blooded animals, the frog, e.g., having two axillary and two sacral hearts for pumping the lymph. L., Humanized, vaccine from a human being. L., Inflammatory, that thrown out as a pro- duct of inflammation in wounds, etc. L., Koch’s, a term for the fluid called, by Koch, parato/oid, now known as tuberculin. See Zhaberculin. It is recom- mended by Koch for hypodermatic injection in cases of tuberculous disease. L., Plastic, fibrinous lymph; that forming embryonic tissue. L.-scrotum, an ana- sarcous condition of the scrotum due to the presence of Filaria sanguinis hominis in the blood-stream. See A*/aria. L.-spaces, the lacunae that occur in connective tissue, and contain lymph. L., Vituline. See Z., Ca/f. Lymphaden (lim-ſa/-den) [lympha, water; ačffy, gland]. Any lymphatic gland. Lymphadenectasis (lim-fad-en-ek/-tas-is) [/ympha, lymph; déffv, gland; Škraalc, distention]. A tumor of a lymph-gland, due to dilatation of its sinuses. Lymphadenhypertrophy (ſim-fad-en-hi-per’-tro-fe) [Zympha, lymph ; d.6%v, gland; tırép, over; Tpopff, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands. Lymphadenia (lim-ſad-e'-ne-ah) [//p/a, lymph; ööffv, gland]. A general hyperplasia of the lym- phatic tissue with or without leukocytosis. Lymphadenism (lim-ſad’-en-ism) [lympha, lymph ; dóñy, gland]. The general condition of disease that accompanies lymphadenoma. - Lymphadenitis (lim-ſad-en-iſ-tis) [lympha, lymph; ādāv, gland; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymphatic gland. L., Cutaneous, mycosis fungoides. L., Septic, a form due to the presence of microör- ganisms. L., Simple, lymphadenitis due to irrita- tion. Lymphadenoid (lim-ſad’-en-oid) [/ympha, lymph; &óży, gland; eiðog, like]. Resembling, or of the nature of, a lymphatic gland. Lymphadenoma (lim-ſad-en-o’-ma/) [Zympha, lymph; ãdmuápa, a glandular tumor; pl., Zymphadenomataj. Hodgkin’s disease; Malignant lymphoma; Pseudo- leukemia; Anaemica lymphatica; Adénie [Fr.]. A disease of the lymphatic structures of the body char- acterized by a hyperplasia, and often a new forma- tion of lymphatic tissue in glands, spleen, and bone- marrow. The cervical glands are usually first involved. The blood, as a rule, presents the characters of anemia without increase in the number of white corpuscles. Pyrexia, often of a remittent type, is common. The disease occurs most frequently in males. The duration is from two to five years, and the disease results fatally. Occasionally lymphadenoma is converted into a true leukemia. L., Hard, a form characterized by indu- rated, firm, glandular swellings. L., Leukemic, when associated with leukemia. L., Soft, a form in which the enlarged lymphatic glands are soft. LYMPHADENOSIS lymphadenosis (lim-fad-en-o’-sis) [/ympha, lymph; àóñv, gland; v6oog, disease]. General lymphadenoma. Lymphadermia, Cutaneous (lim - ſad-er/- me - ah). Synonym of Granuloma fungoides. Lymphaeduct (lim/-fe-dukt). See Lympheduct. Lymphaemia (lim-ſe’-me-a/). See Lymphemia. Lymphagogue (ſim/-fag-og) [lympha, lymph; dyoyáç, leading]. An agent that increases the production of lymph. Lymphaneurysma (lim -ſan - tº - rig' - mah) [/ympha, lymph; diveipwoua, aneurysm : fl., Zymphaneurys- maſa]. Lymphangiectasis; a tumor caused by dila- tation of lymphatic vessels. L., Ganglionar, an endemic form, with multiple localized dilatations of the lymphatic vessels. L., Sporadic, a localized form, usually of traumatic or infectious origin. Lymphangei- (ſim/-ſan-je-). See Lymphangi-. Lymphangeiitis (lim-fan-je-i/-tis). See Lymphangitis. Lymphangiectasis (lim -ſan -je - e.8/-tas - is) [/ymp/a, lymph ; dyyelov, vessel ; ŚKTaoug, widening]. mal dilatation of the lymphatic vessels. See Angio- Áeratoma. L., Endemic, a form common in the tropics, and generally due to filariasis. Lymphangiectodes (lim-ſan-je-ek-to/-dez). A/hangioma circumscriptum. Lymphangienchysis (lim-ſan-je-en/-Ais-is) [/ympha, lymph; dyyelov, vessel ; Śyżvotç, a pouring inj. Injec- tion of the lymphatic vessels. Lymphangiography (lim-ſan-je-og/-ra-ſe) [/ympha, water ; ayyelov, vessel; Ypáſpelv, to write]. A de- scription of the lymphatics. Lymphangiology (lim-ſan-je-o/-0-ſe) [/ymp/a, lymph; âyyelov, vessel; 7.6/og, treatise]. The anatomy, physi- ology, and pathology of the lymphatics. Lymphangioma (lim-faſt-je-o’-ma/.) [/ympha, lymph; äyyelov, vessel; Śua, tumor: p., Zymphangiomataj. A dilated or varicose condition or tumor of the lym- phatic vessels. L. capillare varicosum. Synonym of M. circumscriptum. L. cavernosum. Synonym of A. circumscrip/um. L. circumscriptum, Zymphan- giectodes ; /*pus ſymphaticus, a very rare disease of the skin occurring in early life. It is marked by the form- ation of straw-yellow vesicles, deeply situated in the skin, with thick and tense walls, and connected with the lymphatics. Their usual seats are the shoulders, trunk, face, neck, thighs, and arms. The disease gradually spreads and tends to recur. Its cause is unknown. L. tuberosum multiplex, a very rare disease of the skin, probably congenital, characterized by the forma- tion of large, brownish-red papules or tubercles, the size of lentils, not arranged in groups or clusters, but scattered indiscriminately over the trunk. They dip down into the subcutaneous tissue, and both feel and look solid, but on section they prove to be made up of greatly dilated lymphatics. Lymphangio-myoma (/im fan/-je-o-mi-o’-ma/). See A/yoma. Lymphangion (lim - ſan/-je - on) [/]"mpha, lymph; ūy) elov, vessel]. A lymphatic vessel. Lymphangiopyra (/im - five -je - oft/-ir-ah) [lympha, lymph ; fiyyelov, vessel; Túp, fire]. Fever due to or accompanying a disease of the lymphatics. Lymphangioscopy (lim -ſan-je - os/- Áo - ?e) [/ympha, lymph ; ſtyyelov, vessel; okoſtelv, to inspect]. In- spection or observation of the lymphatics. Lymphangiotomy (/im -ſan -je - ot/- o - me) [/ympha, lymph ; ſiyyelov, vessel; Touff, a cutting]. Dissection or anatomy of the lymphatics. Lymphangitis (lime-ſan-ji’-tis) [/ympha, lymph; ayye- lov, vessel; trac, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel. L., Tubular, a form involving the chief lymphatics and attended with the pro- See Lym- 712 Abnor- LYMPHATICS duction of red lines on the skin. L., Wandering, a form occurring usually on the back of the hand, and due to frequent contact with putrefying tissues. It occurs in reticular patches connected by wavy lines. Lymphangoncus (lime-ſan-jon/-kus) [Zympha, lymph ; äyyelov, vessel; 5) Koç, a tumor]. A firm swelling of the lymphatic vessels. Lymphapostema (lim-faſ-os-deſ-mah) [/ymp/a, lymph; âtóotmua, abscess; pl., Lymphapostemata]. A lym- phatic abscess. - Lympharia (lim-ſa/-re-a/) [/ympha, lymph]. A name proposed for lymphatic tissue. Lymphate (lim/-fat) [lympha, water]. frightened into madness. Lymphatic (lim-faſ/-īk) [/ymphaticus, lympha, lymph]. Pertaining to lymph; containing or characterized by lymph. L. Edema. See Lymphedema. L. Glands, Raving; the glands intercalated in the pathway of the lymph- atic vessels, through which the lymph is filtered. L. Temperament, See Zymphatics. Lymphatico-sanguine (lim-fat'-ić-o-san/-gzvān) [/ym- A/ia, lymph; sanguis, blood]. Sanguine. See Temperament. L. Vessels. Both lymphatic and See Temperament. EFFERENT LYMPHATICs of CERVICAL AND Axi LLARY GLANDS. 1. Superior extremity of thoracic duct. 2. Its entrance at the junction of the internal jugular and left subclavian veins. Lymphatics (lim-fat/-īās) [lympha, lymph]. The lymphatic vessels, including capillaries, afferent and efferent vessels, and ducts or trunks; the lymph-ves- sels; capillary tubes extending to nearly every part of the body, from which they take up the lymph, forming the principal part of the absorbent system. Afferent or inferent lymphatics, those that convey lymph to the lymphatic glands; efferent lymphatics, those that conduct lymph from the glands. LYMPHATISM 713 LYMPHOMATOUS Lymph-canalicular (limſ/-/an-a/-ä4/-u-lar) [lympha, lymph; canaliculus, small channel]. Pertaining to # the ultimate channels of the lymphatic vessels. * Lymphedema(lim-ſe-de/-mah) [lympha, lymph ; oiómuſt, edema]. Edema due to accumulation of lymph; º, serous edema. %g. Lympheduct (lim/-fe-du/ºt) [lympha, lymph; ducere, £ to lead]. A lymphatic vessel or duct. º, Lymphemia (ſim-ſeº-me-a/.) [Aympſºa, lymph; alpa, i. tº blood]. Leukemia characterized by pathologic pro- § i.2% cesses in the lymphatic glands, which become hy- §º pertrophied; the kidney or liver sometimes presents º/ | #ºº º §§ * N. Sº T - - tº - º - what appears to be an element composed of lymphatic * .2% Šº tissues. y ſ # ſº º tº _ º /z. */ * / / } } ſº ##### Lymphenteritis (lim-ſen-ter-i/-(is) [lympha, lymph; -- º iº & £vrepov, bowels; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation Žižáñº of the bowels attended with serous infiltration. 2. ãéº * e g ſº Inflammation of the serous coat of the intestine ; % peritonitis. £º Lymphepatitis (limſ hep-at-i-dis) [Ampha, lymph ; % º Tap. liver: truc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the *% iá ºf 7Tap, 5 Q , Zºº g & ######## peritoneal coat of the liver. É à zº º of ###### Lympheurysma (lim-fu-riz'-mah). See Zymphan- #º eurysma. * ... " - : ; 3 * & e * 㺠* . Lymphexosmosis (lim - ſeks - os - mo’ - sis) [lymp/a, º: ºº zºº. 5 y a * º: à lymph; £5, out; &op16g, thrust]. Exosmosis of lymph; *º passage of lymph outward, through the coats of the ãº É lymph-vessels. ſº Lymphitis (lim-fi/-tis). See Zymphangitis. à Lymphoblast (lim/-fo-b/ast) [lympha, lymph; 37.aoTóg, à germ]. Any cell with a nutritive function. Lymphocele (lim/-ſo-sel) [lympha, lymph; kºm, tumor]. A tumor containing an abnormal collection or quantity of lymph. Lymphocyte (lim/-ſo-sit) [lympha, lymph ; KüToç, a cell]. I. A lymph-cell. 2. One of Ehrlich’s classes of leukocytes, comprising those small cells having large nuclei and a very small amount of protoplasm. See Leukocyte. Lymphocythemia (lim - ſo -si- theſ- me - ah) [Zympha, lymph ; kitog, cell; alua, blood]. A condition of the blood in which the lymphocytes are increased. Lymphodermia (lim-ſo-der/-me-a/.) [lympho, lymph ; déppa, skin]. An affection of the lymphatics of the skin. L. perniciosa, a certain form of J/ycosis, or fungoid granuloma. Lymphoduct (ſim/-fo-dukt). See Zympheduct. 㺠§§§ º tº Lympho-gastritis (Zim-ſo-gas-fri’-ſis) [Zympha, lymph : §§ š .*.*.*.*.* §§§ .** yao Tàp, stomach; trug, inflammation]. Lymphatic sº §ºš. º §§§ gastritis. *"...ºzº $ººl - &ºººººº º Lymphogenous (lim-ſoj/-en-us) [/y/l//ia, lymph ; yevvāv, to beget]. Producing lymph. Lymphoid (ſim’-ſoid) [/ym/ha, lymph; eiðoc, like]. Having the appearance or character of lymph. Lymphology (ſim-fo/-o-je) [/ympha, lymph ; 7.6}oc, science]. The study of the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system. Lymphoma (lim-fo/-mah) [Zympha, lymph : Öua, tumor: fſ., Zymphomaſa]. A lymph-tumor; also, lymphadenoma. The term includes formations not strictly tumors but hyperplasias of the tissues proper to lymphatic glands. L., Heteroplastic. Synonym of Zymphadenoma. L., Leukemic. See Z 1/1//- adenoma, Zeukemic. L., Malignant. Synonym of Zymphadenoma. L., Scrofulous, tuberculous en- ºtº- º º sº º: 㺠º É à Sº £3º: * *... : sº s sº à sº § *> *::::s" - " " ->: ... • * iſ . * *.*.**** * * * * *- * * * fººtatº.º-" #º § LYMPHATIC GLANDS AND VESSELS O AXILLA. F Şāº N §º £º LYMPHATIC GLANDS AND VEssels of THE INGUINAL - REGION. largement of lymphatic glands. L., Typhoid, the Lymphatism (ſim/-fat-īzm) [Zymphatismus]. The lym- formation of small lymphatic masses in the intestinal phatic temperament; scrofula. peritoneum and in the liver and kidneys in typhoid Lymphatitis (lim-fat-i/-tis). See Lymphangitis. fever. Lymphatocele (lim-faſ/-o-sel) [Zumpha, lymph; Khºm, Lymphomatous (lim-fo/-mat-us) [/ympha, lymph ; oud, tumor]. A tumor composed of dilated lymph-vessels. tumor]. Of the nature of, affected with, or relating Lymphatology (ſim-faſ-o/-o-je). See Zymphology. to, lymphoma. LYMPHONCUS Lymphoncus (lim-ſong/-kus) [lympha, lymph; 6ykoç, tumor]. A hard lymphatic swelling. L. iridis. See Aridauxesis. Lympho-nephritis (lim-ſo-meſ-ri/-täs) [lympha, lymph; vegpöc, kidney; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the serous, or outer, surface of the kidney, 4. Lymphopathy (lim ſop/-ath-e) [lympha, lymph ; Tāffog, disease]. Any disorder of the lymphatic organs. Lympho-peritonitis (lim-ſo-per-it-on-i/-täs) [lympha, lymph ; Tepatóvatov, peritoneum; it ag, inflammation]. Lymphatic peritonitis. Lymphopyra (lim-ſop/-ir-ah). See Lymphangiopyra. Lymphorrhagia (lim-for-a/-je-a/.) [Aympha, lymph; bmyvöval, to burst forth]. An effusion or flow of lymph from a ruptured lymphatic vessel. Lymphorrhea (ſim-for-e'-a/.) [Aympha, lymph ; bota, a flow]. A discharge of lymph from a wound, inter- nally or externally. Lympho-sarcoma(ſim-ſo-sar-ko'-mah)[lympha, lymph; oãpkopia, a fleshy mass : pl., Zympho-sarcomata). Pro- perly, a form of sarcoma having some of the structural elements of a lymphatic gland; also, a sarcoma seated upon, or involving, a lymphatic gland. L. thymicum, a lympho-sarcoma originating in a persistent thymus gland and attended with metastasis to various parts of the body. Lympho-sarcomatosis (ſim/-ſo-sar-Āo - mat-o’-sis) [lympha, lymph ; odpkopia, fleshy mass]. A condi- tion or diathesis marked by the development of lympho-sarcoma; also, the process of such develop- Innent. - Lymphosis (lim-fo/-sis) [lympha, lymph]. oration of lymph. Lymphostasis (lim-ſos'-tas-is) [lympha, lymph; otáoug, a placing]. Stasis or stoppage of the flow of lymph. Lymphotomy (lim-fot/-o-me). See Lymphangiotomy. Lymphotorrhea (lim-ſof-or-e'-ah) [lympha, lymph; oùg, ear; bota, a flow]. A serous or watery discharge from the ear. Lymphuria (lim-fu/-re-ah) [/ympha, lymph; oipov, urine]. A condition in which the urine spontaneously coagulates, but contains no fat, as it does in chyluria. Lynx (links) [Wöyś, a sobbing]. Hiccough ; violent sobbing. * Lyon's Apparatus. See Urea and Disinfection. Lyons Blue. Same as Spirit-blue. Lypemania (li-pe-ma/-ne-ah) [Åſtm, sadness; uavia, madness]. A form of dementia accompanied by profound mental depression and refusal to take food. Lyperophrenia (ſi-per-o-fre/-ne-ah) [Avtmpóg, distress- ing; ppäv, mind.]. Melancholia. Lypothymia (ſi-po-thi/-me-ah) [Wöttm, sadness; 6vuóg, mind.]. Melancholia; severe mental prostration from grief. This condition is not to be confounded with Zeipothymia, 7. v. Lyra (/i/-rah) [Wipa, a lyre]. A lyre. L. of Fornix, certain longitudinal, transverse, and oblique lines on the under surface of the fornix, the arrangement of which bears a fanciful resemblance to a harp. L. of The elab- 714 - LYTTA Uterus, the uterine arbor vitae. vaginal rugae. Lyrate (Ä/-rat) [lyra, a lyre]. In biology, lyre-shaped. Lysemia (li-se/-me-ah) [Abouc, solution; alua, blood]. A dissolution of the blood, or a losing of the integral parts of it. Lysigenetic (ſis-ij-em-et/-ić). Same as Lysigenous. Lysigenic (lis-ij-en/-ić). Same as Lysigenous. Lysigenous (lis-j/-en-us) [Wüoug, a setting free; yewhº, born, produced]. In biology, a term applied to inter- cellular spaces formed by the breaking down of con- tiguous cells. Cf. Schizogenic. Lysimachia (lis-in-a/-ke-a/a) [Wüotç, a loosing; paym, battle]. A genus of primulaceous plants of many Species. L. nemorum, L. nummularia, L. vul- garis, of Europe, and L. Quadrifolia, and other N. American species are used in domestic medicine. Unof. Lysinosis (lis-in-o’-sis) [Włog, Wüelv, to loose (a ravel- ling or shred) J. Hertz's term for a disease of the lungs due to the inhalation of cotton-fibers. - Lysiplasta (lis-à-las/-ta/) [Wüotç, a loosing; Tââogetv, to mould]. Diseased states marked by excessive secre- tlon. Lysis (li’-sis) [Atoug, Wüelv, to loose]. A term some- what loosely used, but now applied to the gradual decline of a disease, especially a fever. -- Lysol (li/-sol). A saponified phenol derived from cresols by the action of nascent soap. It is an excel- lent disinfectant in from one to three per cent. solutions, and has been used in dermatology and gynecology. |Unof. Lyssa (lis/-ah) [Aüooa, madness]. I. A synonym of Aydrophobia or Rabies. 2. Mania or madness. Lyssic (ſis/-īk) [2000a, madness]. Pertaining to rabies; due to rabies. Lyssin (lis/-īn) [Wüooa, madness]. or germ of hydrophobia. L. of Vagina, the The specific virus Lyssodegma (lis-o-deg/-mah). Synonym of Zyssodexis. Lyssodexis (lis-o-deſks/-īs) [2000a, madness; dākvetv, to bite]. The bite of a rabid dog. Lyssoid (lis/-oid) [Wüooa, rabies; eiðog, like]. Resem- bling rabies; resembling madness. Lyssophobia (lis-o-fo/-be-ah) [Wügoa, madness; pé60ſ, fear]. Morbid dread of rabies; pseudo-hydrophobia. Lyterian (li-deſ-re-an) [AvThouvg, loosing]. Indicative of a lysis, or of a favorable crisis, terminating an attack of disease. Lythrum (ſith/-rum) [%6pov, bloody defilement]. A genus of lythraceous plants. L. salicaria, or willow- herb, is used as an astringént in leukorrhea, diarrhea, and hemorrhage from the lungs. Unof. Lytic (lit/-i}) [//ticus, Avrukóc]. Relating to a lysis, or to a solution. Lytta (lit/-ah). I. Synonym of Hydrophobia. 2. A long, median, pointed, fibrous or cartilaginous process (glossohyal) in the tongue of carnivora. It is the “worm” of the dog’s tongue, commonly held to be a parasite and often extracted by fanciers. L. vesi- catoria. See Cantharis. L. vittata, the potato-fly, containing one per cent."or more of cantharidin. M. The abbreviation of Musculus, of Meter, of Myo- pia, of Minim, of Molar, and of Misce, mix; it is also used to represent the number IOOO. mm. An abbreviation for millimeter. mmm. An abbreviation for Micro-millimeter. p. (mu). The abbreviation universally adopted for micron or micro-millimeter. Ma. An abbreviation of Milliampère. Maas's Mixture. A mixture employed in the treatment of eczematous diseases of the ear. It is constituted as follows: corrosive sublimate 5 parts, sodium chlorid 5oo parts, glycerin 200 parts. Maba (ma/-bah) [native Tonga-Tabu.J. A genus of ebenaceous trees and shrubs of many species. M. ebenus, of the Moluccas, is regarded as a good anti- syphilitic and antirheumatic. Unof. Mac. An abbreviation of Macera, macerate. Mac., Mc., M’., beginning proper names will be found as if spelled Mac, and in strict alphabetic order. Macaco Worm (mak-a/-äo wurm) [from a Malagasy name]. The larva of a S. American fly, Dermatobia moxialis, which infests the skin of men and animals. See Aarasites (Animal), Table of Macallo (mak-a/-o). See Andira. Macaroni (mak-ar-o/-ne) [Ital.]. I. Slender tubes made of flour-paste; a favorite dish in Italy and also in the U. S. 2. An active purgative used in lead-colic. Antimony sulphid is one of the ingredients. McBurney's Point. A localized point of tenderness on deep pressure, supposed to be diagnostic of appen- dicitis. It is about two inches above the anterior superior spine of the ilium on a line drawn from this point to the umbilicus. Macdowel's Frenum. See Frenum. - McDowell's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Mace (mas). See Myristica. Macene (mäs-en/) [macis, mace], Ciołłis. An essential oil resulting from the distillation of the flowers of nutmeg. The hydrochlorate on distillation yields a camphor. - Maceration (mas-er-a/-skun) [maceratio; macerare, to make soft]. Extraction of the medicinal qualities of a substance by steeping or infusing. Applied, also, to a softening and non-putrefactive decomposition of the dead fetus long carried in the uterus. Macewen's Method. A method of preparing animal ligatures. To I oz. each of water and glycerin add 12 grs. of chromic acid crystals; in this steep the ligatures ten days, then remove and thoroughly dry; for preservation keep in a 5 per cent. carbolic-acid solution. M.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of Machopolyp (maž/-o-pol-ip) [uáxm, fight; TožíTovc, a polypl. In biology, a modified polyp abundant in the P/umularidae, having a defensive function; some animals possess urticating capsules, others, instead, adhesive granules. The name was introduced by Hamann ; it is also called Guard-polyp. Macies (ma/-se-éz) [macies, a wasting]. Atrophy, leanness, wasting. M. infantum. Synonym of Tabes mesenterica. Macilent (mas' il-ent) [macilentus, lean]. thin ; lean. Macintosh's Cream. A dressing for urticaria. It con- sists of submitrate of bismuth 2 drams, oxid of zinc }% dram, glycerin I}, drams, liquid carbolic acid from 20 to 30 minims, vaselin 6 ounces. M’Kinnell’s Ventilator. See Ventiſation. Mackintosh (maž/-in-tosh) [after Charles Mackintosh, Meager; 715 MACROCEPHALIA the inventor]. A fabric of silk or cotton, rendered waterproof and airproof by a coating of india rubber; it is used in antiseptic surgery and in obstetrics. McLeod’s Capsular Rheumatism. A form of rheumatoid arthritis attended with effusion into the synovial capsules and into the synovial sheaths and bursae about the affected joints. See ZXiseases, Zable of. Maclurin (mak-/u/-rin) [after W. Maclure], Cia H12Os. A principle found in yellow-wood (Morus Zinctoria), from which it may be extracted by hot water. It occurs in the form of a yellow, crystalline powder, sol- uble in water and alcohol ; it is found also in A/ac/zera aurantia, or Osage-orange. McMunn's Elixir. See Opium. Macquer’s Arsenical Salt. The arseniate of potassium. Macradenous (mak-rad/-en-us) [ſuakpóg, large ; adāv, gland]. Having large glands. Macraesthete (mak/-res-thet) [uakpóg, large; aloffmróg, perceived by the senses]. In biology, Moseley’s term for one of the more or less fusiform sense-bodies that occupy the cavities of the megalopores of the Chiton- idae. They terminate in conspicuous obconical plugs of transparent, highly refractive tissue, and are com- posed of a number of cylindric strands of tissue held closely together. Cf. Astheſe. Macrandrous (mak-ran/-drus) [uakpóç, long ; āvāp, male]. In biology, applied to such plants (algae) as have the male plants large or elongated. Macrantrus (mak-ran'-trus) [uakpóg, large; āvrpov, a cave]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the vertical line extending from the most prominent point of the frontal torus to the radius fixus is from four to nine mm. in front of that from the nasion to the radius fixus. Macrauchen (mak-raw/-ken) [uakpóg, large; auxāv, neck]. A long-necked person. Macrencephalic (mak-ren-sef-a/-ä), Macrencephal- ous (mak-ren-sef’-a/-us) [uakpóg, long; Śyké@ažog, brain]. Having a large or long skull. Macrencephalus (mak-ren-sef’-al-us) [uakpóg, large; §ykéjažog, brain]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the junction of the lines drawn from the hormion to the nasion and to the inion is between 156.5° and 170°. Macrencranus (mak-ren-Åra/-nus) [uakpóg, large; £v, in ; Kpavtov, skull.J. Lissauer’s term for a skull hav- ing a large cerebellar sector (from 20° to 27.5°). Macritas (mak’-rit-as) [macer, lean]. Emaciation; leanness. - Macro- (mak’ ro-) [uakpóg, long, great]. signifying great, long, or extensive. Macrobiosis (mak-ro-bi-o/-sis)[uakpóg, long; Bioc, life]. A condition characterized by long life; longevity. Macrobiote (mak-ro/-àe-ót) [uakpoffiorog, having a long life]. One who lives long. Macrobiotic (mak-ro-bi-of/-ić) [uakpóg, long; 8toc, life]. Pertaining to long life; long-lived. Macrobiotics (mak-ro-bi-of/-īās) [uakpóg, long; 3ioc, life]. A proposed system of living in a manner con- ducive to length of life; the art or study of longevity. Macrobius (mak-ro/-be-us). See Macrobiotic. Macrocarpin (mak-ro-Kar'-pin) [uakpóg, large; Kaprág, fruit]. A crystalline neutral principle extracted from the root of Thalictrum macrocarpum.' Macrocarpous (mak-ro-AEar/-pus) [uakpóg, Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, bearing large fruit. Macrocephalia (maš-ro-seſ-a/-/e-ah) [uakpóg, large; kepaññ, head]. Excessive development of the head A prefix long ; MACROCEPHALOUS in size. A systematic deviation in a genus or a species distinguished by abnormally large heads. Macrocephalous (mak-ro-sef’-a/-us) [uakpóç, large ; Kepax#, head]. Characterized by an abnormally large head. In biology, applied to plant-embryos that have very large and consolidated cotyledons, such as the horse-chestnut. Macrocephaly (mak-ro-sef’-a/-e). See Macrocephalia. Macrocercus (mak-ro-ser/-kus) [uakpóg, long; Képkoç, tail]. Long-tailed. In zoölogy, a genus in which the spermatozoa were at one time classed. Macrochasmus (mak-ro-Kaz/-mus) [uakpóg, large ; záopia, chasm]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed by the junction of lines drawn from the wing of the vomer to the posterior nasal spine and to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum is between 94° and II4°. Macrocheilia (mak-ro-ki/-le-a/.) [Auakpóg, large ; 2 eWog, lip]. Excessive size or development of the lips; a characteristic of certain negro and negroid tribes. It occurs also in cretinoid states and when the lips and cheeks are the seat of lymphangioma. Macrocheiria (mak-ro-Ai/-ze-a/.) [Auakpóg, large; Weip, hand]. Great enlargement of the hands. . Macrochemistry (mak-ro-Kem/-is-tre) [uakpóg, large ; Żmueia, chemistry]. Chemistry in which the reactions are observable with the naked eye. Cf. Microchemis- f/~1/. Mºrococcus (mak-ro-Koź/-us) [uakpóg, long or large ; Kókkoç, a berry: p., Macrococci]. A term applied to cocci that are somewhat larger than the average. Macrocolia (mak-ro-Ao’-le-a/.) [uakpóg, long ; kóżov, limb]. The possession of long limbs, Macrocolous (mak-roA/-o-lus) [uakpóg, long ; kóżov, limb]. Having long limbs. Macrocosm (maž/-ro-Aozm) [uakpóg, large; kóaplog, world]. The world or cosmos, in contradistinction to man, the microcosm, or little universe. Macrocosmic (mak-ro-Koz/-mić) [uakpóg, large; kóo- pog, world]. Pertaining to the macrocosm. Macrocosmology (mak-ro-Aoz-mo/-o-ſe) [ſual-pág, large; kóouoc, world; %yog, science]. The science of the macrocosm or outer world; mineralogy. Macrocyte (maž/-ro-sit) [uakpóg, large; KüToc, cell]. A giant blood-corpuscle found in the blood in perni- cious anemia, and leukemia. Macrocythemia (mak-ro-si-the-me-ah) [uakpóg, long, great; Kirog, cell; aipia, blood]. A condition in which the size of the red blood-corpuscles is in- creased; it may be due to malaria, anemia, or lead- poisoning. Macrocytosis (mak-ro-si-toº-sis) [uakpóg, large ; KüTog, cellT. The formation of macrocytes. Macrodactylia (mak-ro-da/-tiſ/-e-a/) [uakpóg, long ; 6ákrv2.0g, finger]. An abnormally great length, or size, of fingers or toes. Macrodactylism (mak-ro-da/-ti!-izm). dacty/ia. s Macrodactyly (mak-ro-da/-täſ-e). See Macrodactylia. Macrodont (ma/-ro-dont) [uakpóg, large; öðoig, tooth]. Large-toothed, as applied to the comparative size of the teeth of different races. When the dental length multiplied by Ioo divided by the basinasal length exceeds 44, the skull is considered a macro- dont, if under 42 a microdont, if intermediate a mesodont. See Macro- Macrogastria (mak-ro-gas/-tre-ah) [uakpóg, large ; yagrão, belly]. Dilatation of the stomach. Macrogastrous (mak-ro-gasſ-trus) [Atakpág, large; yagrão, stomach]. Having a large stomach or belly. Macrogenious (mak-ro-je/-me-us) [ſuakpóg, large; yévetov, chin]. Long-chinned. 716 MACROPHYSOCEPHALUS Macroglossia (mak-ro-'glos/-e - ah) [uakpóg, great; yżóGoa, tongue]. Hypertrophic development of the tongue, a condition seen in cretins, in whom it is probably due to lymphangioma. Macrognathic (mak-rog-nāth/-ić) [uakpóg, long; yväflog, jaw]. In biology, having long jaws; prog- nathous. Macrogonidium (mak-ro-'go-mid '-e-um) [uakpóc, long, large ; , Youh, generation, seed; pl., Macrogonidia]. In biology, a gonidium larger than the average. Macromania (mak-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [uakpóg, large; uavia, madness]. The insane delusion that objects are larger than they really are; or the impression that one’s own body or members are much larger than they are. Macromaniacal (mak-ro-ma-ni/-ak-a/) [uakpóg, large; plavía, madness]. Characterized by the insane im- pression that objects are larger than they really are. Macromelia, (mak-ro-me/-le-ah), Macromelus (mak- zom/-el-us) [uakpóg, long; uéWoç, organ or member]. The excessive development of any organ or member. Macromelia (mak-ro-me/-le-ah) [uakpóg, long; uſža, cheek]. Hypertrophy of the cheeks. Macromere (ma/-ro-mer) [uakpóg, long; uépoc, part]. In biology, the larger of the two masses into which the vitellus divides in the development of a lamelli- branch, termed by Rabe the “vegetative cell.” One of the larger blastomeres in a holoblastic telolecithal germ. M.-plate, a plate of 16 macromeres arranged on the vegetative side of the germ in the Ctenophora. Macromyelon (mak-ro-mi/-el-on). See Metemcephalom. Macronemous (mak-ro-me/-mus) [uakpóg, long; viſua, thread]. Having long tentacles. Macronosia (mak-ro-mo/-ze-a/.) [uakpóg, long; v6oog, illness]. A protracted or chronic disease. Macronucleus (mak-ro-mu/-Ale-us). See AVucleus. Macronychous (mak-ro-mik/-us) [uakpóg, large; ovvč, talon]. Having long nails or claws. - Macropanencephalus (mak-ro-pan-en-sef’-al-us) [uak- póg, large ; Tāv, all; £yképažog, brain]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the junction of the lines joining the hormion to the nasion and to the basion is between 185.5° and 206°. Macropetalous (mak-ro-pet/-al-us) [uakpóg, long; Téra- Žov, a leaf J. In biology, having large petals. Macrophage (ma/º/-ro-ſay) [Auakpóg, large; payeiv, to devour]. A large phagocyte. “Metschnikoff’s term for certain large leukocytes occurring in structures affected with erysipelas. He believes that they con- sume and destroy the debris of the dead and dying microphages.” Macrophagocyte (mak-roºfag/-o-sit) [uakpóg, large; (payev, to devour; IcíTog, a cell]. A large-sized phag- ocyte, possessed of a single nucleus, and derived from some fixed connective-tissue element. Macrophagus (mak-roff’-ag-us). See Macrophage. Macrophallus (mak-ro-ſa/-us) [uakpóg, large; paž%óg, penis]. A penis abnormally large or long. Macropharynx (mak-ro-far/-ing/s) [uakpáç, large; pápvyš, pharynx]. A large pharynx. Macrophonous (mak-roff’-o-mus) [uakpóg, large; pová, sound]. Loud-voiced. Macrophthalmos (mak-roff-thal’-mos) [uakpóg, long, large ; 64.64%/1óg, eye). In biology, having large eyes. Macrophylline (mak-roºft/-in) [uakpóg, long, large; (biºlov, a leaf). In biology, consisting of large leaf- like parts or organs. Macrophyllous (mak-roºft/-us) [uakpóg, long; jūWWov, a leaf). In biology, having large leaves. Macrophysocephalus (mak-roºft-so-sef’-a/-us) [uakpós, large; buodv, to puff up ; Kejažň, head]. I. Enlarge- ment of the head from emphysema. 2. Caput succe- daneum. MACROPIA Macropia (mak-ro'-pe-ah). See Megalopsia. Macroplasia (mak-ro-pla/-ze-a/) [uakpóg, large; Thä- otç, a moulding]. Excessive development of portions of the body. Macropneuma, Macropnea (mak-ro-mu/-mah, maž- ro/-ne-ah) [uakpóg, long; Tveipua, Tvoff, air, wind.]. Deep breathing. Macropodal (mak-rop/-o-da!) ſuakpóg, large; Toíg, foot]. Large-footed. Macropodia (mak-ro-po'-de-ah) [uakpóg, large; Toíg, foot]. Excessive size of the feet. Macropodous (mak-rop/-o-dus) [uakpóg, long; troig, foot]. I. Large-footed. 2. In biology, applied to leaves with long foot-stalks, or to embryos with peculiarly large radicles. Macropous (mak’-ro-pus). See Macropodal. Macroprosopia (mak-ro-pro-so'-pe-ah) [gaſpéc, large; Tpóoorov, face]. A monstrosity with a huge face. Macropsia (mak-rop’-se-ah). See Megalopsia. Macropterous (mak-ropſ-fer-us) [uakpóg, long ; Trepév, wing]. In biology, having long wings; longipennate. Macrorhinia (mak-ro-rin/-e-ah) [uakpóg, large; big, nose]. Congenital hypertrophy of the nose.' Macrorhis (mak/-ro-ris) [uakpóg, large; big, nose]. Having a large nose. Macrorhynchus º -kus) būyzog, beak]. Large-beaked. Macroscelia (mak-ro-sée/-le-ah) [uakpóg, large ; orcéWog, leg]. Excessive development of the legs. Macroscopic (mak-ro-skop/-ić) [uakpóg, large; okoteiv, to see]. Large enough to be seen by the naked eye; gross; not microscopic. M. Morbid Anatomy, naked-eye or gross morbid anatomy. Macroseme (mak/-ro-sém) [uakpóg, large; of ua, sign, index]. Having an orbital index in excess of 89. Macrosiphon (mak-ro-si/-fort) [uakpóg, long; oriday, siphon]. In biology, applied to the long, horny fun- nel of certain cephalopods. - - [uakpóc, large ; Macrosiphonula (mak-ro-si-ſom/-u-la/) [uakpóc, long; of pov, siphon: pl., Macrosiphonulae]. In embryology, a larval stage of certain cephalopods characterized by the appearance of the macrosiphon. Macrosis (mak-ro/-sis) [uakpóg, large]. A state of increase in volume. Macrosmatic(mak-roz-mat/-ić)[uakpóg,large; bogóeoffat, to smell]. Having well-developed olfactory organs. Macrosomatia (mak-ro-so-ma’-she-ah), Macrosomia (mak-ro-so'-me-ah) [gakpóc, large; Göua, body]. Great or teratic size of body; largeness of body suffi- cient to constitute a monstrosity. Macrosomatous (maſſ-ro-so'-mat-us) [uakpóc, large; Góga, body]. Having a large body. Characterized by an abnormally or teratically large body. Macrosomite (mak-ro-so'-mit) [uakpóg, long; cºua, body]. In embryology, one of the larger primitive segments or metameres in the embryos of certain insects. Macrosporangiophore (mak-ro-spo-ran/-je-o-for) [uak- póg, long, large ; oftopó, seed; &yyelov, vessel; påpoc, bear]. In biology, the envelop of a macrosporangium. Macrosporangium (mak-ro-spo-ran/-je-um) [uakpóg, long; oftopá, seed; &yyelov, vessel ; pl., Macrosporan- gia]. In biology, a sporangium containing macro- spores; a megasporangium, oësporangium, or gonio- theca. Macrospore (mak/-ro-spor) [uakpóg, long; GTopá, seed]. In biology: (a) a spore of relatively large size; (b) one of the larger anisospores arising in the repro- duction of colony-forming Radiolarians. Macrosporophyl, (mak-ro-spo’-roºft/) [uakpóg, long, large; otopá, seed; pú%ov, leaf J. The leaf bearing the macrosporangium in the higher Pteridophyta. 717 MACULATE Macrostoma (mak-rosſ-to-mah) [uakpóg, large; otóua, mouth]. Congenital fissure of the angle of the mouth, producing a large opening. Macrostomatous (mak-ro-sto/-mat-us) [uakpóg, large ; otóua, mouth]. Large-mouthed. Macrostomia (mak-ro-sto/-me-ah) [uakpóc, large; otópua, mouth]. Excessive size, or width, of the mouth, or of the oral fissure. Macrostyle (mak/-ro-stil)[uakpóç, long; otüZog, pillar]. In botany, having a relatively long style. Macrostylospore (mak-ro-stº/-ſo-spor) [uakpóg, long, large ; ori/og, pillar; oftopá, seed]. In biology, a relatively large stylospore. Macrotes (mak-ro/-tez) [uakpóg, large ; oig, ear]. having large ears. Macrotin (ma/-ro-tim) [uakpóg, large; otic, ear]. A resin extracted from cimicifuga by alcohol, and pre- cipitated by water. See Cºmicifuga. Macrotome (mak’-ro-tom) [uakpóg, long; touń, a cut- ting]. A saw-box; a box used for the division of the cranium in post-mortem examination of the brain. Macrozoögonidium (mak-ro-zo-o-go-mid/-e-um)[uakpóg, long, large ; Śājov, an animal; You?, Seed: A/., Al/acro- zoögonidia]. In biology, a relatively large zoögonidium. Macrozoöspore (mak-ro-zo/-o-spor)[uakpóg, long; ſºov, an animal; atopá, seed]. In biology, a relatively large form of zoöspore. Macula (mak/-tt-Mah) [L. : £7, Maculae]. A spot or dis- coloration of the skin, not elevated above the sur- rounding level. It may be of various sizes, shapes, and tints, and is due to hyperemia, to extravasation of blood and blood coloring-matter, to dilatation of the cutaneous vessels, or to changes in the pigmentation of the skin. M. acusticae, the terminations of the auditory nerve in the saccule and utricle. M. albida, leukoderma. M. artificialis, a spot pro- duced artificially in order to deceive. M. aurea, the central fovea of the retina. M., Cerebral. See Tâche cérébrale. M. cerulea, a dark spot occurring on a skin infested with parasites. M. corneae arcuata, the arcus senilis. M. cribrosa, a name given to the perforations of the fovea hemispherica for the passage of the filaments of the auditory nerve. M. flava. See M. lutea. M. folliculi, the stigma of the Graafian vesicle. M. fusca, a spot due to diseases characterized by pigmentation, as Jentigo and chloasma. M., Germinal, the small spot constituting the germinal vesicle or nucleus of the ovum. M. hepatica, a liver-spot, including pigmentary spots due to various diseases. M. lata plateri, an obscure disease of the skin, sometimes epidemic, characterized by burning, red spots and pustulation. M. lenticularis, a lentic- ular spot; the roseola of typhoid fever. M. livida, a hemorrhagic or purpuric spot. M. lutea, the yel- low spot of the retina, called, sometimes, the spot of Saemmlering, but usually called simply ſhe macula. The depression in its center is called the fovea cen- One tralis. It is the point of clearest vision and is pierced by the visual axis. M. materna, birth-mark, or nevus, M. nigra, a disease of the skin associated with very dark spots of pigmentation. M. ocularis, the eye-spot of the Protozoa, Cnidaria, Platodes, and Crustacea. M., Roberts’, a heaping up of pigment in a part of a red corpuscle when a dilute solution of tannic acid is added to the blood. M. solaris, a freckle. M. syphilitica, the coppery stain of the skin left by a syphiloderm. Macular (mak/-u-lar) [macula, spot]. characterized by maculae. /ettea. Maculate (mak’-at-laſſ) [maculatus, p.p. of maculare to spot]. In biology, blotched or spotted. Exhibiting or Pertaining to the Al/acula MACULATION Maculation (mak-tº-la/-shum) [maculatio, a spotting]. The state or quality of being spotted; the formation of maculae ; a spot or macula. Macule (maž/-ä/) [macula, a spot]. See Macula. M., Gonorrheal, Sânger's term for the purplish-red areola resembling a flea-bite, surrounding the orifice of the duct of Bartholin's gland in gonorrheal vaginitis. Maculiform (weak-u/-/:/-orm) [macula, spot; forma, form]. Resembling a macula. Maculose, Maculous (mak’-u-lós, mak/-u-lus). See AZacze/ar. Mad [ME., made, mad]. I. Disordered in intellect; insane. 2. Furious from disease ; rabid. M.- doctor, an alienist. M.-house, an asylum for the insane. M.-man, an insane person. M. Staggers, the enzoötic cerebritis of horses. See Staggers. M.- stone, according to popular superstition, a small stone believed to possess the property of absorbing the poison (especially Snake-poison) or disease from wounds, made, e.g., by poisoned arrows, or morbid parts. It is called also Snakestone. Galen believed that cer- tain medicines attract poisons as the magnet does iron. Most madstones are an aluminous shale, or other absorptive substance. Madar (mad-an'), Mudar (mu-dar/) [Hind., madār). The shrubs, Calotropis gigantea, and C. procera, of India; also their bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and juice, which are tonic, alterative, and emetic; it is used in Asia in a wide range of diseases. Unof, except in the Indian Pharmacopeia. C. gigantea yields Madar- a/bazz, a colorless crystalline substance soluble in the alkalies, but not in water; and Al/adarºſłuazil, a yellow- ish, viscid body, Soluble in cold alcohol, in ether, and in benzene, insoluble in water, in acids, and in alka- lies. Madarosis (mad-ar-o/-sis) [uačápoolç; uačapóg, bald]. Iloss of the eyelashes or hairs of the eyebrows. Madarotic (mad ar-of/-ić), Madarous (mad/-ar-us) [uadápoolc; padapóg, bald]. Affected with or relat- ing to madarosis. Madder (mad’-er) [ME., moder, madder]. The plant A’zzóia tinctorum ; also its root, well-known as a dye- stuff. It was formerly considered emmenagogue and diuretic. Unof. See also Pigments, Cons/ectus of M.-brown, M.-carmin, M.–Crange, M.-purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of M.-red. Same as Madder. M.-yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Maddox Test, or Maddox Glass-rod Test. A test of heterophoria by means of a short cylinder of trans- parent glass about one-eighth of an inch long, fitted into a slot in an opaque disc to be set in the trial-frame before one eye, with a colored plano lens before the other eye. The rod converts the image of a distant flame into a thin line of light. The relative position of the two images thus formed permits the measure of imbalance of the muscles. Madefaction (mad-e-ſa/-shum) [madefacere, to moist- en]. The act of moistening. Madeira (mad-a/-rah) [Pg., madeira, wood]. sherry wine from the island of Madeira. Maderna (mad-er/-nah). Synonym of Madarosis. Madescent (mad-es/-ent) [madescere, to become wet]. Becoming moist. Madesis (mad-e'-sis). Synonym of Madarosis. Madidans (mad/-id-anz) [L.]. Weeping, oozing. See Aczema maa'fa'azes. Madisis (mad'-is-is). Synonym of Madarosis. Madisterion, Madisterium (mad-is-ter’-e-on, mad-is- /er/-e-um) [uaôtorffptov, from uačíčelv, to pluck bare]. Epilating-forceps. Madness (mad”-nes). See Insanity and Mania. A fine 718 Magmatic (mag-maſ/-ić), MAGNESIUM Madrid Colic. See Colic. Madura Foot. See Foot, Rungus. Maeeia (me-i/-ah) [uateia, from platečeoffat, to act as a midwife]. An old synonym of Obstetrics. Maeeleutherosis (me-el-u-ſher-o/-sis) [uatá, midwife; &ev6époog, a freeing]. Delivery by the aid of a mid- wife. (Obs.) Maeeuma (me-e-u/-mah) [uaísvua, from paleſeoffat, to act as midwife]. The newly-born babe. (Obs.) Maeeusionania (me-u-se-o-ma/-me-ah). See Maiusio- mazzia. Maeeusiophobia (me-u-se-o-fo/-be-ah). See Maiusio- phobia. Maeeusis (me-u’-sis) [uatevotº, from platečeoffat, to act as midwife]. Delivery. Maeeuter, Maeeutes (me-u/-ter, me-u/-/ez) [uateſtmp, palettmc, from uatei'eoffat, to act as midwife]. An obstetrician; accoucheur. (Obs.) Maeeutics (me-u/-tićs). See Maiutics. • Maeeutria (me-uſ-tre-a/) [uateitpta, from uateffeoffat, to act as midwife]. Midwife. (Obs.) Maeeutric (me-u/-trié) [uateſ Tpta, midwife]. Pertain- ing to a midwife. (Obs. Maena (me'-mah) [uatvm, a small sea-fish]. A species of herring. The brine from the salted fish has been employed as a dressing for gangrenous ulcers. Magdala Red (mag-da/-lah). See Aaphthaſeme-red. Magdaleon (mag-da/-le-on), Magdalia (mag-da/- le-ah) [uayóažtá, from puffooetv, to knead]. A bread- pill or bolus; a roll of plaster. Magendie, Foramen of See Foramina, Table of. M.'s Solution. See Morphin. Magenta (majem/-tah) [from a town in Italy]. A coal-tar dye ; one of the forms of anilin-red; properly, a hydrochlorid of rosanilin. From it fuchsin and a large number of other dyes are prepared. One of the peculiar and somewhat glaring red tints which it pro- duces is also called magenta. See Fuchsin, and Aigments, Conspectus of Maggot (mag/-oé) [ME., magot, maggot]. I. The larva of any insect, as a fly, that burrows in wounds or ulcers. Maggots are especially annoying in mili- tary practice and in hot countries. 2. A whim or fixed idea dominant in the mind, as of an insane or paranoiac person. Magistery (maj-is/-ter-e) [magisterium, masterpiece]. Formerly, a preparation considered to have especial virtue as a remedy. M. of bismuth, the submitrate of bismuth. M. of tin (M. Jovi's), precipitated stannous oxid. Magistral (maj’-is-tral) [Magister, a master]. A term employed to denote those medicines that are prepared on prescription, in distinction from those prepared or sold without the physician’s order. Magma (mag/-ma/) [uáyga, mass: pl., Magmata]. Sediment, dregs; any pulpy mass. Magmoid (mag/-moid) [uáyuq, mass]. Of the nature of or resembling a magma. Magnesia (mag-ne/-ze-ah) [uáyvnç, magnet: gen. Mag- mesia]. Magnesium oxid, MgO. M. White, mag- nesium carbonate. See Magnesium. Magnesian (mag-ne/-ze-an). See Magnesic. Magnesic (mag-ne/-zić) [playwmata, from playwmg, magnet]. Pertaining to or containing magnesium. Magnesium (mag-me/-ze-um) [uayvmata, magnet: gen., Magnesii). Mg; atomic weight 24.3; quantivalence II; spec. gravity I.75. One of the metals of the alkaline earths, widely distributed in inorganic nature and forming also a constituent of animal and vegetable tis- sues. See Elements, Table of The physiologic effects of its salts are antacid and laxative. Various salts are MAGNET 719 extensively used in medicine. M. boratis, Liquor (B. P.), contains one part of boric acid in six. It is recommended as a paint in diphtheria. M. carbonas, (Mg,CO3),Mg. (HO)2.5H2O. Dose gr. *Má). M. carb., Liquor (B.P.) Dose 3.j-ij. citras effervescens granulatus, a preparation dissolving in water with effervescence. M. citras granulatus, “granulated citrate of magnesia,” combined with citric acid, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, alcohol, and water. Dose 3 iſſ-3.j. M. citratis, Liq., contains M. carbonate gr. 200, citric acid gr. 4oo, syr. of citric acid gr. I2OO, potassium bicarbonate gr. 30, water q. S. ad. 3 xij. Dose 3 iv-vj. M. oxid., Mg. O, magnesia, the oxid of the metal, a constituent of several laxative mixtures. Dose gr. X-3.j. Magnesia ponderosa, heavy or calcined magnesia. Dose gr. X-3 j. M. sulphas, Mg. SO4.7H,O, “Epsom salt,” “salts,” much used as a popular purgative. Dose 3.j-3.j. M. sulphat., Enema (B.P.), composed of sulphate of magnesium one part, olive oil one part, starch mucilage I5 parts. M. sulphis, MgSO3.6H2O. Dose gr. x-xxx. M., Trochisci, each contains magnesia gr. iij, nutmeg, gr. Tº , sugar, tragacanth, water, q. S. Magnet (mag'-met) [from playvygia, Magnesia, a district in Asia Minor, where loadstone was first found]. . Loadstone, a magnetic oxid of iron. A body having the power to attract the unlike pole of another magnet, or to repel the like pole, and also to attract easily- magnetizable bodies. A body having a magnetic field. M., Electro-, a piece of soft iron temporarily magnetized by induction or by insertion into a helix. M., Gruening’s, an instrument consisting of several imagnetized steel rods, used for the removal of iron and steel particles from the eye. M., Horse-shoe, an iron magnet having the shape of a horse-shoe. M.- operation, the operation of removing foreign bodies of steel from the eye by the aid of a magnet. M., Permanent, one the magnetic properties of which are permanent, in contradistinction to M., Temporary, which derives its magnetism from another magnet or from a galvanic current. Magnetic (mag-net/-i}) [uáyvmotoc, magnetic). Per- taining, or belonging, to a magnet. Possessed of magnetism. M. Axis, the line joining the poles of a magnet. M. Field, a space traversed by lines of magnetic force. - Magnetism (mag/-net-izm) [uayvåg, magnet]. The peculiar power possessed by the loadstone or natural magnet, and, under certain conditions, by other mineral substances, to attract or repel other masses. The science that treats of the nature and properties of magnets and the magnetic field. M., Animal, an empiric term for hypnotism. See Somnambulism and Aypnotism. Magnetization (mag-net-iz-a/-shun) [uáyvng, magnet]. The process of rendering a substance magnetic. Magneto-electric (mag-net/-o-e-Mek'-trić) [uáyumg, mag- net; jãektpov, amber]. Relating to magneto-elec- tricity. Magneto-electricity (mag-net/-o-e-Mek-fris/-īt-e) [uáy- vng, magnet; j%ektpov, amber.] Electricity produced by means of a magnet. Magnetograph (mag-net/-o-graf) [Auáyvng, magnet ; ypápetv, to write]. An instrument for determining the intensity of magnetic action. Magneto-induction (mag-net/-o-in-duk/-shun) [uáyvm.g., magnet; inductio, induction]. The production of an induced current by the insertion of a magnet within a coil of wire. Magnetology (mag-net-o/-o-je) [uáyvng, magnet; Wöyoç, science]. The science of magnets and magnetism. Magnetometer (mag-net-om/-et-er) [uáyvng, magnet; MAISSIAT’S BANL) plétpov, a measure.] A series of magnets suspended so as to record graphically variations in direction and intensity of magnetic force. Magneto-therapy (mag-net/-o-ther/-ap-e) magnet; flepatréta, treatment]. in hypnotic therapeutics. Magniductor (mag-ne-duk/-tor) [magnus, great; ductor, a leader]. The adductor magnus of the thigh. Magnification (mag-miſ-ik-a/-shun) [magnificare, to magnify]. In microscopy, the result obtained by dividing a linear dimension of the image by the cor- responding linear dimension of the object magnified. Magnify (mag/-niſ??) [magnificare, to magnify]. To make greater. Magnifying (mag/-mif-i-ing) [magnificare, to magnify]. Making greater. M. Power. See Magnification. Magnium (mag/-ne-um). Synonym of Magnesium. Magnolia (mag-mo/-/e-ah) [aſter Pierre Magnol, a French botanist]. A genus of trees. The bark of M. glazaca, the common swamp Sassafras, and several other species of the same genus are used in medicine. Magnolia is an aromatic, bitter tonic, popular as a remedy in rheumatism and malarial fevers. Dose 3 SS-j. Unof. Magnolin (mag-mo/-lin) [after Pierre Magnol, a French botanist]. A crystalline substance found in the fruit of magnolia. Magnum, or Os magnum [L. for “great bone "J. The largest bone in the distal row of the carpus situated between the unciform and the trapezoid bones. Magnus's Law. See Zazo. M.'s Method, in obstet- rics, a method of bringing down the arms of the fetus after version. When the arms are about the neck, the hand should be introduced in the ordinary method, two or three fingers being placed on the superior edge of the scapula, which is gently pressed down- ward. This will cause the arms to move suddenly and to come down without further help. M.'s Sign. See Death. Māhāmari (wa/-/a/-/a/./-re) [E. Ind.]. Synonym of the Plague, g. v. See Pali. Mahua (mah'-ne-ah). See Bassia. Maid, Maiden (mād, ma/-den) [ME., maide, maiden, a maid]. A young unmarried woman ; a virgin. Maidenhead, popular expression for maidenhood ; virginity; also the hymen. Maidismus (ma-id-iº/-/us) [mays, maidis, maize]. Maize-poisoning, or pellagra. - Maieleutherosis (mo-el-u-//her-o/-sis) [uaia, midwife; $2évôépoorg, delivery]. Delivery by the aid, or with the attendance, of a midwife. Maieusionnania (ma-u-se-o-ma/-ne-ah) [uaievouſ, deliv- ery; uavia, madness]. Puerperal insanity. Maieusiophobia (ma-u-se-o-fo/-be-ah) [uatevgic, child- birth; 0630¢, fear]. Morbid dread of childbirth. Maieutics (ma-ze/-tiás) [uateſtic, an obstetrician; patevrtkh, obstetrics]. Midwifery; obstetrics. Maignen’s Compound. Powdered charcoal and lime supported on asbestos-cloth and used for filtration. It is employed in disinfecting sewage. Mailed (mäld) [ME., maile, a link]. In biology, pro- vided with some kind of protective or defensive coat, as of scales or plates; loricate; lepidote. Maim (mām) [ME., maimen, to mutilate]. I. To disable by mutilation. 2. A crippling. 3. See May- /tem. Main de la griffe, Main en griffe. gressive Muscular, and Claw-hand. Maisonneuve's Bandage. See Bandage. Maissiat's Band. A firm, dense portion of the fascia lata of the thigh passing down to become attached [ſuáyvnc., The use of the magnet See Atrophy, Pro- MAIZE to the outer tuberosity of the tibia; the ilio-tibial band. It helps to limit adduction of the thigh. Maize (mä3) [W. Ind., mahiz, maize]. I. Indian corn. See Zea mays. 2. A coal-tar color, used in dyeing silk and wool reddish-yellow in an acid bath. It is the sodium salt of the disulphonic acid of azoxy- stilbene, and is called Sun-yellow. M.-poisoning. See Pellagra. Maizena (ma-ze/-nah) [W. Ind., mahiz, maize]. A flour made from maize. 3. Maizenic Acid (ma-zen’-ić). See Acid. Make (mäk) [ME., maken, to make]. “The make,” a colloquialism for designating the making of the electric current by applying the electrode to the con- ducting surfaces of the body. Interruption of the current is called “ the break.” Makrantrus. See Macrantrzes. Makrencephalus. See /l/acrencephalus. Makrencranus. See Al/acrencranus. Makro- (mak/-ro-). See Macro-. Makrodaktylia (mak-ro-dak-til/-e-ah). tylia. Makropsia (mak-rop’-se-ah). See Megalopsia. Makrosomia (mak-ro-so'-me-ah). See Macrosomia. Mal [malum, evil, disease]. Disease. See Epilepsy. M. de mer. See Sea-sickness. M. de dent, odon- talgia. Mala (/wa/-/a/.) [L. : pl., Mala]. bone or prominence of the cheek. 2. Plural of Ma- Aum, the cheek. In biology, one of the inner lobes of the maxilla of certain coleopterous larvae (Schrödte). Malabar, Leprosy of. Synonym of Ælephantiasis arabum. M. Nut. See Adhatoda wasica. M. Ulcer. See Phagedæna tropica. Malacarne, Antrum of. See Antrum. M.'s Pyra- mid, the posterior extremity of the pyramid of the cerebellum. 1Malachite-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Malacia (mal-a/-se-a/.) [uažakia, a softening]. morbid softening of tissue. Also, a depraved appe- tite. M., Amphiblestroid, softening of the retina. M. cordis. See Myomalacia. M., Halisteretic, malacia characterized by the absorption of the lime- salts of the bones. - Malacismus (mal-as-i:/-mus). See Malacia. Malacocataracta (ma/-a/-o-kat-ar-a/-äa/) [uažakóg, soft; katapáktmg, cataract]. A soft cataracts Malacogaster (mal-ak-o-gas/-ter) [uažakia, a softening; yao Tàp, stomach]. Softening of the gastric walls. A synonym of Gastromalacia. Malacoid (ma/-ak-oid) [uažakóg, soft; eiðoc, form]. In biology, applied to organisms, organs, or tissues of soft texture. Malacology (ma/-a/-o/-o-ſe) [uažákta, soft-bodied animals; Aéyetv, to speak]. In biology, that depart- ment of science that deals with the A/o//usca , con- chology. Malacoma (ma/-a/-o’-ma/) [uažakóc, soft ; pl. , Mala- comata]. The softening of any organ or part of the body. Also, a synonym of Mol/uscum sebaceum. Malacophonous (mal-ak-off’-o-mus) [uažakóg, soft; povi, voice]. Soft-voiced. - Malacosarcosis (ma/-a/-o-sar-ko’-sis) [uažakóg, soft; aépé, flesh]. Softness of tissues, as of muscle. Malacosis (ma/-až-o/-sis) [uažakóg, soft]. The condi- tion distinguished by the abnormal softening of the tissues of any part of the body. Also, the process of malacoma. M. cordis. See Myomalacia. Malacosomous (mal-ak-o-so’-mus) [uažakóg, soft ; ačjua, body]. Soft-bodied. . Malacosteon (mal-ak-os/-te-on). See Osteo-malacia. Malacostome (mal-ak-os/-täm) [uažákta, a kind of See Macrodac- I. The cheek- Any 720 MALARIAL mollusc, otóua, mouth]. In biology, the mouth of a mollusc (L. Agassiz). Cf. Actinostome. Malacostomous (mal-ak-osſ-to-mus) [uažakóg, soft; otóua, mouth]. In biology, applied to animals hav- ing a soft or unarmed mouth. Malacotomy (mal-ak-of/-o-ºne) [uažakóg, soft ; touff, a cutting]. In biology, the anatomy of the mollusca; incision of the abdomen; celiotomy. Malacozoön (mal-ak-o-go/-on) [uažakóg, soft; Kºjov, animal]. A soft animal; a mollusc. Malactic (mal-aš/-tić) [uažakTukóg]. softening. Malady (mal'-ad-e) [malum, evil]. Any illness or disease. M., Cheyne's English, hypochondriasis. M., Post-boys’, aneurysm of the aorta, compara- tively common among mounted mail-carriers. Malagma (mal-ag/-/tah) [uáWaypua, a poultice: pl., Malagmata]. See Poultice. Malaguti’s Law. See Law. Malaise (mal-ā2/) [Fr., malaise]. A general feeling of illness, accompanied by restlessness and discomfort; dysphoria. Malakin (ma/-ak-in). The salicyl-derivative of para- phenetidin. A synthetic product allied to phenacetin, and recommended as an antirheumatic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic. It appears in the form of small, light yellow, fine needles that melt at I97.6° F., insoluble in water, but fairly soluble in hot alcohol. Dose, from 60 to 90 grains daily. Unof. Malamid (ma!’-am-id) [uážov, an apple; amid J, C.HsOAN, ; a substance formed by the action of ammonia upon dry ethyl malate. It occurs in large crystals, and when heated with water it breaks up into malic acid and ammonia. - Malandria (mal-an/-dre-ah). See Mallenders. Malar (ma/-lar) [mala, cheek]. Pertaining to the cheek-bone. M. Bones, the two cheek-bones. M. Foramen. See Foramina, Table of M. Points. See Crazziometric Points. Malaria (mal-a/-re-ah) [It., mala aria, bad air]. See Malarial Fever. M., Bacillus of. See Bacillus of Malaria, in Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. M., Hematozoön of, M., Plasmodium of. See Maſa- rial Rezer and Polimzâtus malaria, under Parasites (Animal), Table of M., Larval, a masked form of intermittent fever. Malarial (mal-a/-re-al) [It., mala aria, bad air]. Per- taining to malaria. M. Cachexia, a chronic form of malaria characterized by anemia, general failure of health, a sallow complexion, and enlargement of the spleen. M. Fever, a generic name for a group of dis- eases associated with the presence in the blood of the A olimitus malariae, and characterized by paroxysmal periodicity, enlargement of the spleen and liver, melanemia, and the presence in the blood, free or within the red corpuscles, of parasites (plasmodia) that exert a deleterious influence upon the red cells. The paroxysms may be intermittent, remittent or irregular. If repeated daily the fever is designated quotidian ; if on alternate days, fertian ; if with an interval of two days, quarfan. If two paroxysms occur daily the fever is designated a double quotidian. There may be a double fertian form, a paroxysm oc- curring daily, but only those of alternate days being alike ; a double quarfan form, and others. When the paroxysms succeed one another so closely that the cold- stage of one begins before the sweating-stage of its predecessor ends, the fever is designated subintramſ. A typical malarial paroxysm consists of a cold stage, a hot stage, and a sweating stage, occurring in the sequence given. Intermittent ſever is characterized by the occurrence of a complete intermission of the Emollient ; MALARIOUS symptoms in the interval between two paroxysms, the temperature becoming normal or subnormal. In remittent ſever there is only an amelioration of the symptoms in the intervals. Aemorrhagic malaria/ fever is a grave form of malarial intoxication in which the height of the paroxysm is characterized by head- ache, severe pain in the back, nausea, vomiting, decided jaundice, and hemorrhages from various mucous surfaces, particularly from the kidneys. In certain localities in which the malarial organisms are exceedingly numerous or intensely virulent the attack displays a permicious tendency. Of this type there may be a cerebral form, characterized either by delirium and excitement, or by coma and depression; a thoracic form, in which the respiration is accelerated and there is an urgent sense of the need of air; a gastro-intestimal form, attended with nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; or an asthenic or algid form, in which there is a condition of marked debility and a striking cold- ness of the surface and of the breath. To the irregular manifestations of malarial poisoning, sometimes acute, but more frequently subacute or chronic, which do not at any time present the classical association of chill, fever and sweat, the designation of “dumb agate’’ is given. The enlargement of the spleen in a case of chronic malaria or of malarial cachexia is sometimes designated “ague cake.” M. Hematuria, the pre- sence of blood in the urine as a result of malarial poisoning. See Malarial Fever. M. Neuralgia, neuralgia due to malarial intoxication. M. Pur- pura, a purpuric eruption produced by the presence of the malarial poison in the blood. M. Yellow Fever. See Hematuria, Malarial. - Malarious (mal-a/-re-us). See Malarial. Malaris (ma-lar/-is) [mala, cheek]. A part of the or- bicularis palpebrarum muscle, taking its origin from the lower inner margin of the orbit and the adjacent portion of the nose, and inserted near the origin of the zygomaticus major. Malassez’s Disease. eases, Table of Malassimilation (maſ-as-im-il-a/-shun) [malus, bad; assimilatio, likeness]. A defective condition of the digestive system in which nutriment is not properly digested and absorbed. Malate (ma!/-ät) [uážov, an apple]. acid. Malaxation (mal-aks-a/-shun) [malaxatio; malaxare, paſſóooetv, to soften]. I. The kneading of medicine in pharmacy. 2. Massage, as of the eyeball, or of a tumor. See Pétrissage. Malaxis (mal-aks/-is). Synonym of Malacia. Malayan Idiocy. See Idiocy, Ethnic. Male (māl) [ME., male, male]. The masculine sex, or that which pertains to that sex. In botany, applied to flowers with stamens, but without ovaries. M. Blade, the sliding blade of a lithotrite; the blade of an obstetric forceps that bears the key. M. Fern, the Aspidium filix mas. M. Organ, the penis. M. Uterus, a term that has been applied to the prostate gland. See Reproductive Organs. Maleate (ma/-e-āt) [uážov, apple]. acid. Maleic Acid (ma!’-e-iſſ) [uážov, apple], C, H, O,. A di- basic acid, obtained from malic acid by distillation. Malella (mal-el/-ah) [dim, of mala, jaw : pl., Malellae]. In biology, one of two movable toothed appendages of the mouth-parts of a myriapod. Malen (ma/-len) [mala, cheek]. Belonging to the malar bone in itself. Malformation (mal-for-ma/-shun) [mal, ill; formatio, a forming]. In embryology and teratology, an abnor- Cyst of the testicle. See Dis- A salt of malic A salt of maleic 21 MALLEIFORM mal development or formation of the whole or parts of the fetus. Malformations, according to Hirst and Piersol, may be grouped into the following classes: I. Those produced by variations in growth, either exces- sive or arrested. 2. Those produced by the defec- tive union of component embryonic parts. 3. Those produced by cleavage (either partial or complete) of the primary embryonal cell-masses. M., Congenital, faulty development present at birth. Malgaigne's Apparatus. An apparatus for correcting forward displacement of the upper fragment in fracture of the thigh. M.'s Hernia. See Hermia, Congenita/. M.'s Hooks, an instrument for holding the parts Miſſſſſſſſſt N MALGAIGNE’s HOOKS. of a fractured patella in apposition, for the purpose of aiding union. Malgenic (mal-jen/-ić) [maſum, evil; Yevvāv, to beget]. Producing disease. Malia (ma/-e-ah). Synonym of Equinia. Maliasmus (mal-e-a2/-mus). Synonym of Glanders. Malic Acid (ma/-ić). See Acid. Malice Prepense [Fr., malice, evil; prepenser, to pre- meditate]. In law, a premeditated determination to commit a crime. Malign (mal-in/). See Malignant. Malignancy (mal-ig/-man-se) [malignitas, from malus, evil]. The quality of being malignant. Malignant (ma/-äg/-namt) [malus, evil]. A term ap- plied to diseases that increase in intensity with rapidity, or that proceed to a fatal end. M. Edema. See Baſema. M. Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. M. Papillary Dermatitis, or Paget's Disease of the Nipple. See Dermatitis, Carcinoma, and Paget’s Disease, in Diseases, Table of. M. Pustule. Syno- nym of Anthrax. M. Tumor; in general, carcino- matous and sarcomatous growths are classed as malig- nant. M. Vesicle. Synonym of Anthrax. Malignity (mal-ig’-mit-e). Synonym of A/alignancy. Malingerer (mal-in/-jer-er) [Fr., malinger]. A term applied to one who feigns illness or defect. Malingering, Malingery (mal-in/-jer-ing, ma/-in/- jer-e) [Fr., malinger]. The feigning of disease. Malipedes (mal-iº/-id-ez) [mala, jaw; £es, foot]. In biology, the fourth and fifth pair of cephalic appen- dages of the Chilopoda, among Myriapods. Malis (ma/-lis) [uážic]. A name vaguely applied to various diseases, generally of the skin, and especially to such as are due to vermin, or to parasitic worms that burrow in the skin. Malleability (ma/-e-ab-i/-it-e) [malleus, The quality of being malleable. Malleable (ma/-e-a-b/) [malleus, hammer]. Capable of being beaten or rolled into thin sheets; applied especially to metals. e Malleal, Mallear (ma/-e-al, mal/-e-ar) [malleus, hammer]. Relating to the malleus. Malleation (mal-e-a'-shun) [mal/eatio; malleus, ham- mer]. A spasmodic action of the hands, consisting in continuously striking any near object. It is a symp- tom of chorea, and other nervous disorders. Malledius (mal-e'-de-us) [malleus, hammer; stapes, stirrup]. The tensor tympani muscle. Malleiform (mal-e'-iform) [malleus, hammer; forma, form]. Hammer-shaped. - hammer]. 46 - MALLEIN - 722 Mallein (ma/-e-in) [mal/ºus, farcy]. A fluid obtained from potato-cultures of the Bacillus //a//ei, the mi- croörganism of glanders. When injected into the cir- culation of a glandered animal, it causes an elevation of temperature, and on account of this property it has been recommended for use in the early diagnosis of farcy or glanders. Mallenders (ma/-en-derz) [malandria, blisters on the neck]. A kind of eczema or scab above the fore-foot, and about the knee of the horse. Malleo-incudal (ma/-e-o-ing/-Au-dal) [malleus, ham- mer; incus, anvil]. Relating to the malleus and the 11) CllS. Malleolar (ma/-e'-o-lar) [ma/leolus, little hammer]. Relating to a malleolus. Malleolus (ma/-e'-o-ſus) [dim. of malleus, hammer: pl., Al/a//eoli). A part of a process or bone having a ham- mer-head shape. In biology, a layer or bent-down shoot which emits roots at the notched bend. M., External, a name by which the lower extremity of the fibula is known. M., Internal, the pyramidal process of the internal surface of the lower extremity of the tibia. Mallet (ſna/-et) [OF., mallet, a hammer]. A small wooden hammer. M., Automatic, an instrument operated by the action of a steel spiral spring, and used for condensing gold in filling teeth. M., Electro- magnetic, a dental mallet operated by electricity. M.-finger. See Finger. M., Hyde's Pneumatic, a dental mallet with an air-pump attached, which is operated by the foot, revolving a fly-wheel and a drive-wheel. M.-toe, a deformity of a toe characterized by deficient exten- sion or undue flexion of the ter- minal phalanx. Malleus (ma/-e-us) [ma//eus, ham- mer: //, //a/lei J. I. A bone or ossicle of the internal ear having the shape of a hammer. - It is articulated with the incus, AUDITORY OSSICLES. and the tensor tympani muscle 1. Head of malleus. 2. arises from it. , 2., Synonym of #: "...iii. Ayrſinia. 3. In biology: (a) One 4. Manubrium. . of the Weberian Ossicles that form Long process of in- a chain between the air-bladder sº." Stapes. 7. and the auditory apparatus in - certain fishes; (b) One of the paired calcareous pha- ryngeal structures of a rotifer. M. humidus. Synonym of Glanders. Mallory's Phospho-molybdic Acid Hematoxylin. See S/ains, Zable of. Mallow (ma/-0). See Malva. Malnutrition (mal-nu-trish/-un) [malus, bad; nutrire, to nourish]. Imperfect nutrition or sustenance, due to imperfect assimilation of the food. Malo-maxillary (ma/-/o-maks'-il-a-re) [mala, cheek; maxilla, maxilla]. Relating to the cheek or malar bone and the maxilla. Malonic Acid (mal-on/-ić). See Acid. Malpighi, Acini of. The Malpighian bodies. M., Bodies of. See Malpighian Aodies. M., Canals of, renal organs or tubes in certain arthropods. M., Capsule of, the membranous envelop of a renal glomerulus. M., Corpuscles of. See Malpighian Cor- puscles. M., Follicles of. See Malpighian Bodies. M., Glomerules of, the Malpighian Bodies, 7. v. M., Pyramids of See Pyramid. M., Tubes or Tubules of. See M., Canals of. M., Tuft of. See Malpighian. M., White Canals of. See Canal. MI., Yellow Canals of. See Canal. Malpighian Bodies (mal-pig’-e-an) [from Malpighi, an MALPRESENTATION Italian anatomist]. The commencement of the urinif- erous tubules, consisting of the glomerulus of vessels (the Malpighian tuft) and the membranous envelop º-º-º: *.*:: *W*xº~ * ºf : §N-Sº º: 2 º' MSº. t Cºcº) as SS ź *N}{3} §ſ: ºš. £º § § º §§ 9: % & 4 - Jº Cortex. 7\, Boundary, or marginal zone. k} Papillary zone. LoNGITUDINAL SECTION OF A MALPIGHIAN PYRAMID. PF. Pyramids of Ferrein, RA. Branch of renal artery. RV. Lumen of renal vein receiving interlobular vein. VR. Vasa recta. PA, Apex of a renal papilla. Ö, b. The bases of the renal lobules. (the Malpighian capsule). M. Corpuscles, a name given to certain whitish, minute granules in the red substance of the spleen along the course of the blood-ves- —º sels. They are composed of :=Sºsº23S lymphadenoid tissue. M. Follicles, the M. bodies. M. Layer, the reſe mucosum of the skin. M. . Tuft. See Malpighian Aodies. M.Ves- sels, tubular, cecal diverticula of the hind-gut of Arthropods, especially characteristic of the Antennata ; they arise as in- vaginations from the ecto- dermal proctodeum, and vary in number and in function as excretory organs. Malposition (mal-po-zish/-un) [malus, bad; positio, from ponere, to place]. The im- proper or abnormal position of any part or organ, espe- cially of the fetus. Malpractice (mal-praž/-täs) [malus, bad; Tpāšic, ac- tion]. A term applied to the treatment of a disease that is contrary to that taught by experience, as the improper setting of a fracture or reduction of a dislo- cation ; also, the unlawful production of an abortion. Malpresentation (mal-pre-sen-ta/-shun) [malus, bad ; praesentare, to place before]. A position of the child at birth in such form that its delivery is difficult or im- possible. - t ! 2 sº MALPIGHIAN TUFT. a. Renal artery, v. Renal vein. d. Tube of Fer- rein. c. Capsule of Mül- ler investing the Mal- pighian tuft. MALT Malt, Maltum (mawll, maw/-tum) [L.: gen., Maltij. The seed of common barley, Hordeum distichum, ger- minated until the maximum amount of diastase, the ferment that converts starch into grape-sugar, is de- veloped. It is nutritive, and valuable, also, for the diastase, which aids in the digestion of farinaceous foods. It is employed in wasting diseases, preferably mixed with milk. Mellin's Infant Pood, Aſorlick's Aood, popular preparations, consist mainly of granu- lated extract of malt. Hoff’s Mall ſºrtract contains a small percentage of alcohol. M. Ext., the solu- ble principles of malt, mainly diastase and glucose, in a concentrated form, unfermented. Dose 3.j—iv. M., Infus. Dose gift-iv. M. Liquors, fermented ... and clarified solutions of malt that have been sub- jected to vinous fermentation, hops being added to prevent acetous fermentation subsequently. Beer is made by a comparatively slow fermentation, and con- tains about 2.5 per cent. of alcohol. Ale and Porter are fermented more rapidly, and contain about 4.7 per cent, of alcohol. The malt used in making porter is browned, giving the liquor a darker color. Malt liquors contain about 5 per cent. of albuminous matter, 2 of phosphates, and I of carbon dioxid. M. Vine- gar. See Winegar. Malta Fever. See Mediterrazzeazz Fezer. Maltese Cross. A form of surgical dressing made by taking a square piece of muslin or linen and folding it upon itself twice, the first fold making it oblong, and the second square. Thus prepared, one angle will be found to consist of four layers separable from one another. Let this angle be slit down within two or three inches of the center, and then the piece opened out, when it will be seen to have the form of a Maltese cross. It is used to dress stumps. Maltha (ma/-thah) [uáž0a, pitch]. pitch; a semi-fluid form of bitumen. pudding-tissue containing cells (Haeckel). Malthaxis (mal-thaks/-īs). Synonym of Malaxation. Malthobiose (mal-/ho/-be-às). Same as Maſºose. Malthoblast % -tho-blast) [uažBakóg, soft; 3%ao Tóg, germ]. Any cell of the kind that gives rise to elastic, adipose, connective, or other soft tissue. Malthusianism (mal-ſhut/-se-an-izm) [Malthus, an English economist]. The doctrine that the increase of population is proportionately greater than the in- crease of subsistence. Maltine (maw/-tän) [mal/um, malt]. A name given to various proprietary preparations of malted wheat, or barley, useful as food for invalids. Malting (/naw/-ting) [malfum, malt]. The process in the manufacture of beer during which the grain— usually barley—is germinated, by means of steeping in water, until it swells and becomes soft. In order to remove the carbon dioxid, which interferes with germination, and to prevent an excessive rise of tem- perature, so-called pneumatic malting has been devised. Moist, heated air is passed through the germinated grain for this purpose. Maltodextrin (mawl-to-deks'-trim) [mallum, malt; dexter, right], CºPſioOs. A carbohydrate, Q. v., inter- mediate between starch and maltose, Maltose (maw/-täs) [mallum, malt], Cº. H.Oil + H2O. A variety of sugar, formed, together with dextrin, by the action of malt diastase upon starch (in the mash of whiskey and beer). It is capable of direct fermenta- tion. It is obtained in the form of crystalline crusts composed of hard white needles, which lose their water of crystallization at IOO9 C. Its properties closely resemble those of grape-sugar. See Carbohydrates, Żable of. Maltum (maw/-tum) [L. : gen., Aſalt]. Mineral tar, or See Alſalt. 723 In biology, a . MAMMEA Malulella (mal-u-le/-ah) [double dim. of mala, jaw : pl. , Ma/u/eſ/aj. In biology, an appendix to the second pair of jaws of a Myriapod. Malum (ma/-um) [ma/u/l, evil]. Disease. M. aegyp- tiacum, diphtheria. M. articulorum. Synonym of Mºheumatism, and of Goul. M. articulorum senilis. Synonym of Arthritis deformans. M. caducum, the falling sickness, or epilepsy. M. Cotunnii, sciatica. M. coxae. Synonym of Hip-disease. M. perforans pedis, perforating ulcer of the foot. M. pilare, trichiosis. M. primarium, a primary or idiopathic disease. M. rustii, a form of cervical Pott's dis- ease described by Rust. M. arteriarum senilis, senile endarteritis deformans. M. venereum. Syno- nym of Syphilis. Malusic Acid (ma/-u/-sik). Synonym of A/aſic Acid. Malva (ma/-vah) [L., mallow]. A genus of malva- ceous plants, the true mallows; many of the species are demulcent. M. alcea, M. rotundifolia, and M. silvestris, are valued in domestic practice, and are safe and useful remedies in coughs, ulcerations, and diarrhea. Unof. - Malvaceous (mal-va/-she-us) [malva, mallow]. Be- longing to the mallows. Malwa Sweating-sickness. A disease of Central India resembling cholera, but characterized by profuse sweat- ing and periodic remissions. Death is likely to follow. Mamelon (mam/-el-on). See AV:///e. Mamelouc (mam’-e/-ä4). See A/u/aſſo. Mamma (mam’-ah) [uágua, the child’s word for mother ; uáupſ), breast : gen, and pl., J/amma: ). The milk-secreting gland of the mother. The breast. Mammal (mam’-a/) [mammalis, from mamma, breast]. Having breasts; a member of the Mammalia. Mammalgia (weam- a/-je-a/), [ſud uſuſ), breast; 3%) og,pain]. Pain in the breast or mammary organ; mastodynia. Mammalia (mam-a'- Ze-a/) [ mamma, breast]. A divi- sion of the class of vertebrates includ- ing all animals that suckle their young. Mammalogy (mam- a/-o-je) [mamma, breast ; 7.6) og, Sci- ence]. The sci- ence of the Alžame- malia. Mammary (mam’- a - re) [ mamma, breast]. Pertaining to the mammae. M. Artery. See Arſeries, 7able of M. Gland. See G/anza. M. Tri- angle. See Triangle. Mammate (mam/-ät) mammae or breasts. Mammatomy (mam-at/-o-me) [uáuſum, breast; Touń, a cutting]. Any surgical cutting operation performed upon the mamma. Mammea (mam-e'-ah) [Haytian, mamey]. A genus of guttiferous tropical trees. M. americana, the mammee-apple, has large, edible fruits, anthelmintic seeds, antipyretic bark, a diuretic sap, and an anti- parasitic gum-resin. Unof. § | | sº | \ MAMMARY GLAND. I. Lactiſerous ducts. 2. Lobuli of the manmary gland. Having [mamma, breast]. MAMMIFER Mammifer (mam/-iſ-er), Mammiferous (mam-if”- er-us) [mamma, breast ; ferre, to bear]. Having mammae or milk-bearing glands. Mammiform (mam/-iſ-orm) [mamma, breast; forma, shape]. Teat-like in form; shaped like a cone whose apex is rounded. . Mammilla (mam-i/-a/.) [dim. of mamma ... pl., Mam- miſle]. A small prominence or papilla. In biology, a nipple-like structure. M. of Breast, the nipple or teat. M. of Kidney, the conic-shaped apex of the kidney at the point where the urine escapes. Mammillaplasty (man-iſ-ap-lasſ-ſe) [mammilla, nip- ple; Thäooetv, to mold]. A plastic operation for the purpose of elevating a depressed nipple. Mammillaria (mam-i/-a/-re-ah) [mammilla, breast]. I. A genus of cactuses of some 360 species; the nipple- cactuses. M. lewinii affords the highly poisonous anhaloin, 7. v. ; other species are used as poultices when crushed. 2. See Złºber cinereum. Mammillaris maligna (mam-i/-a/-ris mal-ig/-na/.). Same as Paget's Disease of the AWipple. Mammillary (mam/-iſ-a-re) [mammilla, dim. of mam- ma, breast]. Nipple-shaped. M. Bodies, the cor- pora albicantia. M. Process, the mastoid process of the temporal bone. M. Tubercle, the metapophy- sis of a lumbar vertebra. Mammillate (mamſ-il-āt), Mammillated (mam/-il- a-ted) [mamiſlatus, from mammilla, dim. of mamma, breast]. Covered upon the surface with mammillae or teat-like protuberances. Mammillation (mami-il-a/-shum) [mammilla, dim. of mamma, breast]. A granulation, especially on some mucous surface. Mammilloid º [mammilla, nipple; eldog, like]. Nipple-shaped. Mammitis (mam-i/-tis). Synonym of Mastitis. Mammose (mam-às') [mamma, breast]. Having full or abnormally large breasts. Mammula (mam/-u-la/.) [dim. of mamma, the breast : p/., Mammulae]. In biology, a term applied to such nipple-like processes as the spinnerets of spiders. Man [ME., man, man]. The only genus of the order Aimana, class Mammalia. A term used generally to include the human race. It also denotes the adult male of the genus. M., Descent of, the theory that man has developed, by successive gradations, from lower forms of animal life. See Darwinism. M.- hole, an opening into a drain or sewer, boiler or furnace, to permit of inspection or cleaning. M.- orchid. See Aceras. Manaca (man/-ak-ah) [Braz., manacan]. The root of Franciscea uniflora, known in Brazil as “vegetable mercury.” It excites the lymphatic system and is in high repute as an antisyphilitic. In small doses it is a resolvent ; in larger doses a purgative. Dose of the ſld. ext, mux. Unof. Manakin (man/-a/-än). See Mamićin. Manal (ma/-mal) [manus, the hand]. In biology, per- taining to the palmar or metacarpal region of the hand. M. Formula, Harrison Allen's term for the widths of the spaces in bats between the metacarpal bones at the distal ends when the wing is extended, as compared with the length of the forearm. Manchester-brown. Same as Phenylene-brown. M.- yellow. Same as Martius's Yellow. Manchineel (man-chim-e/). See Hippomane manci- me//a. Mancinism (man’ - sin - izm ) [mancus, imperfect, maimed]. Left-handedness. Mancona Bark (mam-ko'-mah). See Casca Bark. Mandarin (man/-dar-in) [Pg., mandarim, a mandarin]. A coal-tar color used in dyeing. It is produced from 724 MANEC’S PASTE beta-naphthol, and dyes a bright reddish-orange shade. It is also called tropaeo/in. See Aigments, Conspectus of. M., Oil of, Clo Hig, a fine quality of the oil of orange, derived from Citrus mobilis. Mandelic Acid (man-del/-ić). See Acid. Mandible (man/-diº-l), Mandibula (man-dib/-u-la/), Mandibulum (man-dib/-u-lum)[mandere,to chew]. A name sometimes applied to the inferior maxillary bone. Mandibular (man-dib/-u-lar) [mandere, to chew]. Pertaining to the mandible, or lower jaw. M. Tubercle, a small nodule behind the angle of the mouth dependent upon an imperfection in the closure of the mandibular fissure of the face. It is often associated with other congenital anomalies, especially of the ears. º Mandibularis externus (man-dió-u-la/-ris eks-ter/- nus) [L.]. Synonym of the Masseter Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Mandibulate (man-dib/-u-lat) [mandere, to chew]. Having a mandible. Mandibulo-condylial (mame-dib/-u-/o-Åon-di/-e-al) [mandere, to chew; kóvóvãog, a knob). Pertaining to both mandible and condyles. M.-c. Triangle. See 7 riangles, Table of Mandibulo-coronal (man-diff’-u-lo-Aor-o/-mal) [man- dere, to chew; corona, a crown]. Pertaining to both the mandible and the coronal suture. M.-c. Triangle. See Triangles, Table of Mandibulo-facial (man-dib/-u-lo-ſa/-shal) [man- dere, to chew; facies, a face]. Pertaining to both mandible and face. M.-f. Index, in craniometry, the vertical projection-measurement of the lower jaw compared with that of the face, the latter being taken aS IOO. Mandibulo-gonial (man-dib/-u-lo-'goſ-ne-al) [man- dere, to chew; yovía, an angle]. Pertaining to both mandible and gonion. M.-g. Triangle. See Z}-i- angles, Table of Mandibulo-infrafacial(man-dib/-u-lo-in/-frah-ſa-shal) [mandere, to chew; infra, beneath; facies, a face]. Pertaining to both the mandible and the lower portion of the face. M.-i. Index, the vertical projection- measurement of the lower jaw compared with that of the lower face, the latter being taken as IOO. Mandibulo-maxillary (man - dib’ - u - lo-maks'-il-a-re) [mandibula, mandible; maxilla, maxilla]. In biol- ogy, related to both the mandibles and the maxillae. Mandibulo-suprafacial (man-dib-u-lo-su/-pra-ſa-shal) [mandibula, mandible; supra, above; facies, face]. Pertaining to both the mandible and upper portion of the face. M.-s. Index, the vertical projection- measurement of the lower jaw compared with that of the upper face, the latter being taken as IOO. Mandragora (man-drag/-o-rah) [uavópayápac, man- drake]. The mandrake. A genus of Solanaceous old- world plants. M. officinalis, the true mandrake, has long been used as a narcotic and hypnotic. Unof. Mandragorin (man-drag/-o-rin) [uavópayápac, man- drake], Cin Hos NOA. A poisonous alkaloid from the root of Mandragora officinalis and M. autumnalis. It has nearly the same effects as atropin. Unof. Mandrake (mam/-drak). See Mandragora and Podo- phyllum. Mandrin (man/-drin) [Ger.]. The firm guide or sty- let (usually of metal) which gives rigidity to a flexible catheter whilst it is being inserted. Manducation (man-du-Aa/-shun) [manducatio, a chewing]. The chewing or mastication of food. Manducatory (man-du/-Kal-or-e) [manducare, to chew]. Pertaining to manducation. - Manec's Paste. A paste used in dermatology. It is composed of arsenious acid gr. I5, black sulphid of MANFREDI, MICROCOCCUS OF 725 mercury gr. 75, spongia usta gr. 35. This is made into a thick paste with a few drops of water. Manfredi, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Synonym- atic Table of Manganese (man/-gam-èz), Manganum (man-gam/- um) [an altered form of Magnesium ... gem., Manganí.] Mn = 54, quantivalence II, IV. A silver-white metal having the general properties of iron. See Zle- ments, Table of. It is used in medicine and phar- macy in the form of oxids, sulphates, and iodid. In Small doses, it is a general tonic ; in large doses, a gastro-intestinal irritant. M.-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of M. et ferri carbonas saccharatus. Dose gr. v-xx. M. et ferri iodidi, Syr. Unof. Dose mux-xxx. M.-green. See Pigments, Conspec- tus of M. iodidi, Syr., unof., contains 3.j of the salt to each 3.j of syrup. Dose mux-xxx. M. oxid. nig., MnO, “black oxid of manganese,” used in the manufacture of chlorin-gas. Dose gr. ij-x. M. sulphas, MnSO4.4H2O, emetic and cholagogue, useful in jaundice and catarrh of the biliary passages. Dose gr. ij-v. Potassii permanganas, K.,Mn,0s, an ex- cellent antiseptic and germicide, efficient as a local wash, 3j to Oj, in diphtheria, Scarlatina, etc., in car- cinoma and foul ulcers, tainted breath, and the fetid odor of the feet, P. permang., Liq. (B. P.) Dose 3ij-iv; externally 3.j to 3 v-x of water. Manganesium (man-gam-e'-ze-um). See Manganese. Mangania (man-gan-i/-ah) [uayyaveta]. Quackery. Manganic (man-gan/-ić) [see Manganese]. A term applied to compounds containing manganese. Manganium (man-gan/-e-um). See Manganese. Manganization (man-gan-iz-a/-shun) [uáyyavov, phil- ter]. Adulteration of drugs. '*. Manganon (man/-gan-on) [uáyyavov, philter]. A charm, spell, or philter. Manganous (man/-gan-us) [see Manganese]. Per- taining to those compounds that contain manganese as a bivalent element. Mange (mänj) [Fr., manger, to eat]. The common name applied indifferently to the various forms of acariasis (Sarcoptimitic, or Demodetic Scabies) pro- duced in mammals by several acaridian parasites. It is known as scabóia, rogna, raspa, in Italy; sarna, roña, in Spain; itch, scald, fuck, mange, in England; gale, in France; Aráºze, Arátzauschlag, in Germany. It prevails at times epizoötically, and in most varieties is transmissible to man. See Sarcoptes scabiei, De Geer, Psoroptes longirostris, Mégnin, spathiferus, Mégnin, Demodex folliculorum, Owen— all under Parasites (Animal), 7able of Mangifera (man-gif'-er-ah). See Mango. Mangili's Ganglion. The pedal ganglion of Mollusca. Mangini’s Reagent. loids. It consists of potassium iodid 3 parts, bismuth iodid I6 parts, and HCl 3 parts, Mangle (mang/-gl) [ME., mangelen, to mutilate]. To lacerate; to wound in a jagged or irregular manner. Mango (man/-go) [Pg., manga, mango]. The fruit of Mangifera indica; the bark yields an unofficial reme- dy having reputed properties as an astringent and tonic to the mucous membranes. It has been recommended for catarrh of the nasal passages and for purulent discharges from the vagina, and as a wash in skin- diseases. Dose of the fluid extract, mux–3 j. Unof. Mangostin (man/-go-stin) [Pg., manga, mango], Con- H,Os. A crystalline, bitter principle found in the shells of the fruit of Garcinia mangosſana. Manhood (man/-hood) [ME., man, man]. That period in which a man possesses all of his physical and generative faculties; virility. Chorioptes . A reagent for testing for alka- MANIACAL Mania (ma/-ne-ah) ſuavia, paiveatat, to rage]. A form of insanity marked by great exaggeration of nervous action. It may occur suddenly, or follow an attack of melancholia. The patient presents an infinite variety of moods, is the subject of hallucinations and illu- sions, often shows a tendency to destroy what he comes in contact with, and is untidy; there is a marked change in character, and decided insomnia. There is rapid and progressive emaciation. The brain is found to be in a hyperemic condition, and the disease is probably due to a loss of the inhibitory action of the highest controlling centers of the brain. Mania is most common in young adult life. Heredity is a strong predisposing cause, while mental strain, be. reavements, shocks, and alcoholism may act as excito ing causes. The great majority of the cases recover. M., Acute. See Mania. M., Acute Delirious, acute mania in which delirium is a prominent feature. M., Alcoholic, acute mania of alcoholic origin. It is to be distinguished from delirium tremens, although sometimes used synonymously with it. M. a potu. See Delirium. M., Bell’s, an acute delirium running a rapidly fatal course, with slight fever, and in which post-mortem no lesions are found sufficient to account for the symptoms. There are the wildest hallucina- tions, insomnia, and intense excitement, followed by a condition called typho-mania, with elevation of temperature, dry tongue, and rapid, feeble pulse. The disease is almost always fatal, ending in from one to three weeks. Its nature is unknown. See Diseases, Table of. M. brevis, transitory mania, g. v. M. of Character, reasoning monomania. M. conciona- bunda, a form characterized by a constant desire to speak publicly. M. crapulosa, dipsomania. M., Dancing, an epidemic of choreic or convulsional movements, especially prevalent in the middle ages. M., Epileptic, a maniacal outburst in an epileptic ; it may come on slowly. In many cases it is associated with a destructive tendency. M. errabunda, wander- ing mania, in which the patient wanders about or rushes forward regardless of obstacles. M., Fu- rious, a violent form of mania; delirium furibun- dum. M. hallucinatoria. See Insanity, Conſu- sional. M., Homicidal, one in which the individ- ual displays a tendency to kill. M., Hypochon- driacal, mania associated with hypochondriacal de- lusions. M., Hysteric, an outburst resembling mania occurring in an hysteric subject; it is usually asso- ciated with erotic manifestations. M., Incendiary. See Ayromania. M., Morphin, morphinomania, 7. v. M. potatorum. Synonym of M., Alcoholic. M., Preaching, an epidemic, somewhat analogous to danc- ing mania, that occurred in Sweden in 1841 and 1842. Those affected, chiefly young girls, passed through a period of trance, then through a stage of violent chorei- form movements, and, lastly, into a period of quiet, during which they would preach or speak. M., Puerperal, a form of mania or abnormal mental action sometimes following childbirth. M., Reasoning, simple mania, or mania with delirium—a simple exal- tation of the mental faculties. M., Religious, mania in which the central idea is religious in character, or in which a powerful religious emotion has been the exciting cause. M., Senile, a maniacal outburst in old persons. M. sine delirio, mania without delirium. M., Transitory. See Frenzy, 7} ansitory. M., Typho-, acute delirious mania associated with fever, dry, coated tongue, and other symptoms of the typhoid state. M., Wolf. See Lycanthropy. Maniac (ma/-ne-aſſ) [uavia, madness]. person ; one affected with mania. Maniacal (ma-ni’-ak-a/) [uavia, madness]. An insane Having MANIACOCOMIUM the nature of madness or insanity. M. Chorea. See Chorea insaniens. M. Outburst, a sudden develop- ment of mania, not uncommon in epilepsy and in general paralysis of the insane. Maniacocomium (ma-ne-ak-o-Ao’-me-um), Maniaco- mium (ma-ne-ak-o'-me-um). See Manicoconium. Manica (man/-ić-a/.) [manus, hand]. A protection- covering, as a sleeve or a glove. M. Hippocratis, Hippocrates' sleeve, a name formerly used to desig- nate the cloth strainer of the apothecary. Manicate (man/-ik-āţ) [manicatus, sleeved]. In biol- ogy, having a felted, hairy coating that may be re- moved entire. - Manicocomium (ma-nik-o-Ao’-me-um), Manicomum (ma-nik/-o-mum) [uavukóc, insane; Kopéeuv, to care for]. An asylum for the insane. Manicula (ma-nik/-u-lah) [dim. of pavia, mania]. A mild form of mania. Maniculum (man-iº/-u-lum) [dim. of manus, hand]. The fore-foot of a mammal. Manicure (man/-ik-ār) [manus, the hand; cura, care]. The processes employed in caring for and beautifying the hand. Also, one who professionally attends to the care of the hands and nails; a chiropodist. Maniform (man/-iſ-orm) [manus, hand; forma, form]. Hand-shaped. Manigraph (man/-ig-raf) [uavía, mania; Ypáðelv, to write]. An alienist; one who is an expert in insanity. Manigraphy (man-g/-raiſe) [uavía, madness; Ypáº), writing]. A treatise on, or the science of, insanity. Manihot (man/-e-hot) [L.]. A genus of euphorbiace- ous plants. M. aipi and M. utilissima afford cas- sava and tapioca, 7. v. Unof. Manihotoxin (man-e-ho-toks/-īn) [manihot, manihot; Tošukóv, poison]. A poisonous, crystalline principle from the root of Manihot utilissima. Manikin (man'-ik-in) [OF., manequin, a puppet]. A model of plaster, papier mache, etc., designed to show the anatomy or functions of an animal or organ, espe- cially of a human being. Manila Hemp. See Aemp. Maniluvium (man-iſ-u/-ve-um) [manus, hand; lavare, to wash]. A hand-bath; a wash or lotion for the hands. Manioc (man/-e-ok) [Braz.]. The plant Manihot utilis- sima. M., Sweet (Manihot aipi), used as an esculent vegetable, like potatoes. See Manihot. Manimetrum (man-im-et/-rum) [manus, hand; plérpov, measure]. A hand-measure or cheirometer. Maniple (man/-ip-/) [manipulus, from manus, hand]. A handful, or pugil. Maniplies (man-ip-liz/). See Manyplies. Manipulation (man-iſ-at-la/-shun) [manipulus, a hand- ful]. The act of doing with the hands; an operation or experiment in which the hands are particularly em- ployed; dexterity in such acts. A method of reducing dislocations, hermiae, and of treating aneurysms; mas- Sage. Manipulator (man-iſ/-u-la-tor) [manipulare, to lead by the hand]. One who manipulates; a masseur or mas- seuse. M., Amalgam, a dental instrument for introducing amalgam fillings. Manipulus (man-iº/-u-lus). See Maniple. Manistupration (man-is-tu-pra/-shun). Synonym of Al/as/zerbationz. Mann's Reagent. See 7ests, 7able of Manna (man/-ah) [uávva, manna]. The exudation of the flowering ash, Fraxinus ornus, and other trees. Its properties are due to mannite or manna, CaFI1;Og, sugar, dextrin, and a resinous principle. It is a mild laxative, and may be advantageously combined with rhubarb or magnesium citrate. Dose 3 j-ij. Unof. 726 $ MANTLE Manneberg, Streptococcus of. zzymatic, Table of - Mannid (man/-id) [uávva, manna], CsPI100. A syrupy substance derived from mannite by dehydration. Manniferous (man-if”-er-us) [uávva, manna; ferre, to bear]. Producing manna. Mannikin (man/-ik-in). See Manićin. Manning's Splint. A splint used in the treatment of fracture of the patella, Manniparous (man-iº/-ar-us). See Manniferous. Mannitan (man/-it-an) ſuávva, manna], C6H12O5. A sweet, syrupy substance produced by the action of sulphuric acid on mannite. Mannite (man/-it). See Manna and Mannitol. Mannitic Acid (man-it'-i}). See Acid. Mannitol (man/-it-o/), Mannite (man/-īt) [uávva, manna], CoPſi;0s. A hexahydric alcohol produced in the vinous fermentation of the different varieties of Sugar. It is also obtained by extracting manna with alcohol and allowing the solution to crystallize. It forms delicate, colorless needles or rhombic prisms. It is slightly soluble in water, readily so in boiling alcohol. It possesses a very sweet taste and melts at I66° C. See AZazzzza. Mannitone (man/-it-ön) [uávva, manna]. A crystal- line isomer of mannitan produced when mannite is heated with water in a sealed tube. Mannitose (man/-it-ös) [uávva, manna], CsPILOg. An amorphous substance, isomeric with levulose, but optically inactive, obtained from mannite by oxida- tion. Manno-heptose (man/-o-hep/-täz). Zable of Manno-monose (man/-o-mo'-möz). See Carbohydrates, Table of Mannonic Acid (man-on/-ić). See Acid. Manno-octose (man/-o-o/-tä2). See Carbohydrates, Table of Mannose (man/-äs) [uávva, manna], CºHL,Cs. The aldehyd of mannitol. It exists in three forms, dextro- mannose, levo-mannose, and inactive mannose. See Carbohydrates, Table of Manometer (man-om/-et-er) [uavóc, rare ; uérpov, measure]. An instrument, in principle similar to a See Bacteria, Syno- See Carbohydrates, Sºº | ſº - - - - Rººs 4% º º: º sº §" º Sº-º wºxº~~ GAULE's MAxIMUM AND MINIMUM MANOMETER, A, B. (The extremity A is connected with the heart, and B with the mercurial manometer.) barometer, by which the tension of a vapor is mea- sured. It consists essentially of a V-tube partly filled with mercury. It is also used to determine blood- pressure. Manometric (man-o-meſ/-rić) [uavóc, thin ; uérpov, measure]. Pertaining to the measurement of atmos- pheric pressure. Manoscope (man/-o-sköp) [uavóc, thin ; akoteiv, to view]. An instrument for determining the density of air. Manoscopy (man-os/-ko-fºe) [uavóç, thin ; olcoteiv, to view]. The estimation of the density of the air. Mansorius (man-so’. Te-us) [L.]. The buccinator muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Manstupration (man-stu-pra/-shum). Synonym of Masturbation. Mantle (man/-t/). See Brain-mantle. * MANTLE-CELL Mantle-cell (man/-t/-sel). Same as Tapetal Cell. Manual (man/-at-al) [manus, hand]. Pertaining to the hand. M.-exercise Bone, a small triangular Osseous growth occasionally found in soldiers at the tendinous insertion of the left deltoid muscle. It is also called drill-hone. M. Method. See French Al/ethod. Manubrial (man-u/-bre-al) [manus, hand]. Pertain- ing to a manubrium. Manubrium (mam-u/-bre-um) [L., a handle]. In bi- ology, variously applied to handle-like or haft-like structures. M. of Malleus, a vertical process of bone forming the handle-shaped attachment of the malleus of the ear. M. manus, the radius. M. of Sternum, the upper piece of the sternum. - Manuduction (mam-u-duk/-shun) [manus, hand; duc- tio, a leading]. The operations performed by the hands in surgical and obstetric practice. Manuluvium (mam-u-luſ-ve-um). Synonym of Mani- Auziazme. Manure (man-àr/) [ME., menuren, to manage]. Dung or other substance used to fertilize soil. Manus (ma/-nus) [L.]. The hand. Manustupration (man-u-stu-pra/-shun). bation, Manyplies (man/-iſ-ſiz) [many; pſy]. In biology, the third compartment in the complicated stomach of a ruminant. It is also called the omasum or psalterium. Manz’s Glands. Small flask-shaped depressions occa- sionally seen on the border of the eyelids in man, and commonly in lower animals. - Manzanita (man-zam-e'-tah) [Sp., small apple]. The leaves of Arctostaphylos glauca, common to California; they are astringent and tonic with reference to the urinary organs. The drug resembles Uva ursi in pro- perties. Dose of the fla, ext mºxx-xxx, Unof. Maple (ma/-pl) [ME., mapel, maple]. See Acer. M.- sugar. See Saccharum. Maquer's Salt. A compound known as “super-ar- seniate of potassium.” Maranda (mar-an/-dah) [Ceylonese]. A Ceylonese tree belonging to the Myrtaceae, the leaves of which have been used in syphilis. Unof. Maransis (mar-an/-sis). Synonym of Marasmus. Maranta (mar-an/-tah). See Arrowroot. Marantic (mar-an/-tié) [uapawttkóc; papaivetv, to make lean]. Pertaining to marasmus, or to general malnutrition and prostration. M. Clot, a blood-clot produced by slowing of the circulation. M. Throm- bosis, primary thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses in connection with general malnutrition. Maraschino (mar-as-ke/-no) [Sp.]. from morello cherriès. Marasmatic (mar-az-mat/-i}). Synonym of Marasmic. Marasmic (mar-az/-mik) [uapaoplóg, decay]. Af- fected with marasmus. Marasmoid (mar-a2/-moid) [uapaopióc, decay; elóoç, like]. Resembling or simulating marasmus. Marasmopyra (mar-az-mop/-ir-ah) [uapaopióg, wast- ing; trip, fire]. Hectic fever. Marasmous (mar-az/-mus). Synonym of Marasmic. Marasmus (mar-az/-mus) [Itapaoplóg ; gapaivetv, to grow lean]. A gradual general deterioration of the mental and physical forces, with marked emaciation. As used popularly it is meant to refer to the wasting of infants. It is generally encountered in hand-raised babes, and is associated with indigestion from improper feeding, congenital syphilis, rickets, or tuberculosis. The children thus affected have a peculiar weazened or senile appearance. In the majority of cases, with proper care the child may be restored to health. Marble-cutter’s Phthisis. See Chalicosis. A liquor made 727 See AZastur- MARIOTTE'S EXPERIMENT Marc (mark) [Fr., dregs]. A side-product in the manufacture of wines, consisting of the stems, skins, and stones of the grapes. It is used for the purpose of making brandy by fermentation ; with sheet-copper in the manufacture of verdigris; to start the fermen- tation in vinegar-making; as cattle-food; when dried, as fuel ; or for fertilizing purposes. The refuse of olives, or of oil-seeds, after the removal of the oil, is also called marc. Marcescent (mar-ses/-ent) [marcescere, to wither, fade, decay]. In biology, withered or shriveled. March's Disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiſer, 7. v. Also see ZXiseases, Zable of. Marchi’s Solution. A solution for staining nerve-tis- sues. See Stains, Table of Marcid (mar/-sid) [marcidus, marcere, to wither]. I. Shrunken; wasted. 2. Accompanied or character- ized by wasting. Marcor (mar/-kor). See Marasmus. Mare [ME., mare, a horse; an incubus]. I. The female of the horse. 2. The substance remaining after the first distillation of spirits. 3. Oppressed sleep; nightmare. Maremmatic (mar-em-a/-ä) [Maremme, a malarious region of Italy]. Pertaining to very malarious re- gions, especially of Italy. Marennin (mar-en/-in) [mare, the sea). In biology, Lankester’s name for the green coloring-principle ab- sorbed by oysters from diatoms (AVavicula ostrearia) in the process of greening. Mareo (mar/-e-o) [Span.]. Mountain sickness. A malady characterized by nausea and violent headache, occasionally overcoming persons who ascend to high altitudes. Margaric Acid (mar-gar/-i}). See Acids, 7able of Frttv. Margarin (mar/-gar-in) [uápyapog, the pearl-oyster]. I. A mixture of olein and palmatin. 2. An artificial substitute for butter. Margarinic Acid (mar-gar-in/-iſſ). garz.c. Margaritoma (margar-it-o’-ma/) [uápyapog, the pearl- oyster; 6pla, a tumor]. Virchow's term for a true primary cholesteatoma-formation in the auditory canal. Margarone (mar/-gar-àn). See Palmitone. Margarous Acid (mar/-gar-us). A synonym of Acid', Stearic. - Marginal (mar/-jin-a/) [marginalis, from margo, mar- See Acid, AZaz-- gin]. Pertaining to the margin or border. M. Con- volution. See Convolutions, 7 able of. M. Lobe. See Lobe. Marginate (mar/-jin-āt) [marginare, to furnish with a border]. In biology, applied to structures in which the margin is peculiarly distinct. Marginoplasty (marjin/-o-plas-fe) [margo, margin; Tââooeuv, to shapel. Plastic surgery of the marginal portion of the eyelid. Margosin (mar/-go-sin) [uápyapoc, the pearl-Oyster]. A bitter alkaloid obtained from Azadirach/a indica. Maricolous (mar-ić’-o-lus) [mare, the sea; coſere, to dwell]. In biology, applied to animals or plants in- habiting the sea ; pelagic. Marie's Disease. Akromegaly. and Diseases, Table of Marigold (már/-īg-à/d'). See Calenduſa, Marine-blue. See Pigment/s, Conspectus of Mariotte's Experiment, A device for demonstrating the existence of the blind-spot of the eye, consisting in placing a spot upon a paper at such an angle with the visual axis that the image falls upon the papilla. M.'s Blind-spot, M.'s Spot, the point of entrance of the optic nerve into the fundus of the eye. M.'s Law. See Law. See AKromegaly, MARISCOUS Mariscous (mar-is/-kus) [marisca, hemorrhoid]. Per- taining to hemorrhoids. Marito-nucleus (mar-it-o-nu/-kle-us) [maritus, married; nucleus, a little nut]. The nucleus of the ovum after its union with the male pronucleus. Marjolin's Warty Ulcer. An ulcer resulting from the breaking down of warty cicatricial tissue. It is of slow progress, and finally gives rise to glandular enlarge- ment. See Diseases, Table of Marjoram (mar/-jo-ram). See Origanum. Mark [ME., mark, a mark]. Birth-mark, or mother's mark ; nevus. M., Portwine. See AVezzes. Marl [ME., marl, marl]. A clay rich in calcium car- bonate. Marmalade, Marmelade (mar/-mal-ād) [Port., mar- mello, a quince]. A conserve prepared from the quince, orange, plum, peach, or other fruit, which is sliced and preserved in a saturated syrup. Marmé's Reagent. See Tests, Table of Marmorate (mar/-mo-rat) [marmor, marble]. . In bi- ology, traversed with vein-like markings like those of certain kinds of marble. Maroon (mar-oon/). See Pigments, Conspectus of M.- oxid. Same as Purple-brown. - Marriageable (már/-āj-a-b/) [ME., mariage, mar- riage; maritus, a husband]. Of an age when mar- riage may be legally performed. Marriot, Dry Vomit of. An emetic preparation con- sisting of equal parts of Sulphate of copper and tartar emetic. Marrow (már/-o) [ME., marow, marrow]. A sub- stance composed of water, fat, and albuminous matter, existing in the cavities of many of the long bones. M.-cell, a cell resembling a white blood-corpuscle, but larger and with a clearer protoplasm and a larger nucleus, and showing ameboid movement. It is found in the marrow of bones. M., Fetal, the juicy, red marrow filling the cavities of the fetal endochondral bones. M., Red, the reddish marrow, quite free from fat, contained near the articular extremities of long bones. M., Spinal, the spinal cord. M., Yel- low, the fatty marrow of the shafts of long bones. Marrubiin (mar-u/-be-in) [marrubium, horehound]. The crystalline, neutral, bitter substance found in Æorehound. Marrubium (mar-u/-be-um) [L.]. Horehound. The leaves and tops of M. vulgare. They contain a bitter principle and a volatile oil. In small doses horehound is a mild stomachic tonic ; in larger doses a laxative. It exerts a soothing effect in catarrh of the nasal pas- sages, and is therefore an ingredient of various cough- mixtures. Dose 3 SS—j. Unof. Mars (marz) [L., the war-god]. An old synonym for iron. See Aerrum. M.-brown. See Pigments, Con- spectus of M.-red. Same as Ocher. M.-violet. Same as Mineral-purple. Marsala (ma/r-sa/-/a/.) [Ital.]. taining 20 per cent. of alcohol. Marsden's Mucilage or Paste. A caustic paste con- sisting of one part of white arsenic to two of gum- arabic. Marsdenia (marz-de/-ne-ah) [after William Marsden, a British orientalist]. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants of which several species yield indigo. M. con- durango. See Condurango. M. erecta, a poisonous species from Europe and Asia Minor. Taken inter- nally it produces violent convulsions and death, and applied externally it blisters the skin. Marsdenin (marz-den/-in) [after William Marsden, a British orientalist]. A bitter crystalline extractive from Al/a1saleſzia erecta. Marsh [ME., mers/, a marsh]. A swamp or bog. M.- An Italian wine con- * 728 MAS, MASC fever. See Malaria. M.-gas, Methyl Hydrid, Fire- damp, Methane; a hydrocarbon having the composition CH. It occurs in swamps as a product of the decom- position of vegetable tissue. It constitutes a large pro- portion of common illuminating-gas. M.-miasm. See Malaria. M. Rosemary, the root of Statice caroliniana, a bitter astringent, resembling kino in therapeutic properties. It is a popular New England remedy for cancrum oris and for aphthous affections of the mouth. Dose of the flá. ext. 3 ss—j. M. Trefoil. See Menyanthes trifoliata. M.-mallow. See Althaea. M.-marigold. See Caltha. Unof. Marsh's Test. See Tests, Table of Marshall’s Cerate. A cerate composed of calomel 3.j, lead acetate 3 ss, palm oil 3 vi, ointment of nitrate of mercury 3 iſ. M., Vein of. See Vein. M.'s Vestigial Fold, a crescentic fold of serous membrane of the pericardium containing the remains of the left superior vena cava. Marson's Theory. A theory that claims that the degree and duration of vaccinal protection are propor- tionate to the perfection of the vaccine lesions and to the number of insertions made. r Marsupial º. -pe-al) [uápovſtog, a pouch]. Pouched. In zoölogy, a mammal of the order Marsu- pialia. See Marsupium and Mastotheca. M. Incisura (Zncisura marsupialis), the deep posterior notch be- tween the two halves of the cerebellum, occupied by the falx cerebri. Marsupiate (mar-su/-pe-dt). See Marsupial Marsupium (mar-su/-pe-um) [uápovirog, a pouch, bag]. In biology, the fold of abdominal integument, or ‘‘pouch;” that serves to support and protect the young of those mammals belonging to the sub-class Metathe- nia or Didelphia ; a Mastotheca, Q. v. Marteno (mar/-te-mo). Incorrect form of Martynia, Q. v. Martial (mar/-shal) [martialis, cf. mars, iron]. Ferru- ginous or chalybeate ; containing iron. Martin's Bandages. Long India-rubber bandages, from 5 to 2 I feet in length, used in the treatment of chronic ulcers, varicose veins, and joint-disease. M.'s Depil- atory, a preparation made by passing H.S through a mixture of slaked lime two parts and water three parts. M.'s Hemostatic, surgeon’s agaric saturated with ferric chlorid. M.'s Operation. See Oper- ations, Zable of Martindale’s Mixture. See Azzesthetic. Martineau’s Formula. A formula used in the treat. ment of syphilis, constituted as follows: Bichlorid of mercury 2% drams, peptone 9% ounce, chlorid of ammonium }, ounce. Fifteen grains of this prepara- tion contain nearly four grains of sublimate. It was diluted with water alone or with a mixture of water and glycerin, and was injected in doses of from , of a grain upward. It is not much used now. M.'s Treatment. See 7×eatment, Methods of Martius's Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Martynia (mar-tin/-e-ah) [after John Martyn, an American botanist]. A genus of dicotyledonous gamo- petalous plants. M. proboscidea, unicorn plant, employed as a mucilaginous drink in bladder-troubles. Maruta (ma-ru/-ta/-) [L.]. A genus of composite- flowered herbs. M. cotula, mayweed, or dog-fennel, is an ill-scented weed common in Europe and North America. It is antipyretic and insecticide, is a vesicant of some power, and is said to be a good application to bruises and swellings. Unof. Mas, Masc (mas, mask) [L. abbrev. of masculus, the male, or masculinus, masculine]. I. In biology, em- ployed to designate a male plant or animal. Its symbol is usually d". In old usage it was frequently employed in a fanciful way as the specific name of y * MASCARPIO plants. See Aspidium ſilic mas. 2. The center-pin of a trephine. Mascarpio (mas-Aahr/-pe-o) [mas, male; carpere, to luck]. A masturbator. Maschaladenitis (mas-Aal-ad-en-i/-täs) [ſuaozážm, ax- illa; &óñv, gland; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glands of the axilla. Maschaleous (mas-ka/-e-us) [uaozážm, axilla]. taining to the axilla. Maschaliatria (mas-ka/-e a/-tre-ah) [uaozáàm, axilla; latpela, treatment]. Treatment by inunctions in the axilla. Maschalister (mas-Éa/-is-ter) [uaoxažlothp, girth, girdle]. The second cervical vertebra, the axis. Maschaloncus (mas-Åal-ong/-kus) [uaozážm, axilla; ôykoç, tumor]. An axillary tumor. Per- Maschalopanus (mas-Åal-op’-an-us). Synonym of Maschaloncus. Maschalyperidrosis (mas-kal-iſ-er-id-ro/-sis) [uao- zá%m, axilla ; itép, over; iópoolç, sweating]. Ex- cessive sweating in the armpits. . Masculine (masſ-ku-lin), Masculous (masſ-ku-lus) [dim. of mas, a male]. Of the male sex. Masesis (mas-e'-sis). Synonym of Mastication. Maseter (masſ-e-ter). Synonym of Masseter. Muscles, Table of Mash [ME., masche, mash]. A mixture of malt and water prepared in breweries and distilleries for making beers and spirits. Also, the mixture of grains used in feeding animals. Mask (mask) [Fr., masque, a mask]. I. In biology, a mask-like formation or coloration of the head; a hood or capistrum. 2. In surgery, a bandage applied to the face in case of erysipelas and extensive burns or scalds. 3. Synonym of Chloasma. M., Death, a cast of the face of a dead person made by covering it with plaster-of-Paris or similar material, which is removed when hard. M. of Pregnant Women, the chloasma of pregnancy. Masked (maské) [Fr., masque, a mask]. Covered with a mask; concealed. In biology, applied to insects in the larval state, especially such as indicate by lines on the surface the future wings, legs, and other parts of the imago. In botany, the same as Personate. M. Disease, one that is concealed by concomitant symp- toms. M. Epilepsy. See Epilepsy. M. Malaria. See Dumb Ague and Malarial Fever. M. Reaction, in chemistry, one that is concealed by a concurrent reaction. Masochism (mas'-o-kizm) [from Sacher-Masoch, an Austrian novelist]. Sexual perversion in which the pervert takes delight in being subjected to degrading, humiliating, or cruel acts on the part of his or her associate. It is the opposite of Sadism. The victims of this perversion experience peculiar pleasure at the sight of a rival who has obtained the favor of their mistress, and will even receive blows and lashes from the rival with a voluptuous mixture of pain and pleasure. Masochism corresponds to the Passivism of Stefanowski. Masochist (mas'-o-kist) [Masoch, from Sacher-Masoch, an Austrian novelist]. One addicted to masochism. Masochistic (mas -o- Kis/-tić) [Sacher-Masoch, an Austrian novelist]. Relating to masochism. Mason's Lung. "A synonym of Pneumonokoniosis. M.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of Masque (mask) [Fr.]. Reaumur's name for a grayish- brown, rounded part of the sexual apparatus of the drone-bee. It is thickly set with short spines having curved points. Also see Mask, Masrite E. -rit). See Masrium. Masrium (maz/- re- um.) [Arab., masr, Egypt.]. A See 729 MASTALGIA metal described as a new element, found in Egypt in a mineral first called “Johnsonite,” but later mas- rite. The mineral, masrite, has the formula (Al,- Fe),O.(Ms.MnCoFe)0.4SO, 20PH,O. See Flements, Table of Masrium has an atomic weight of 228. The sulphate, is a white salt, crystallizing poorly from water, but readily from a fifty per cent. alco- holic solution. The reactions of a soluble salt of masrium resemble those of zinc. The free metal has not been obtained; neither has its vapor-density been determined, or spectroscopic examination made. Mass (mas) [massa, a mass]. Any aggregation of matter. M., Blue. See Hydrargyrum. M., Inter- mediate Cell, that part of the embryo from which the mesonephros is developed. M., Investing, the tissue that in early embryonic development surrounds the cranial portion of the notochord, and later is trans- formed into the parachordal cartilages. M., Vallet's, massa ferri carbonatis. See Aerrum. Massa (masſ-ah) [L.]. A mass. In pharmacy, a medicinal substance together with an excipient that gives it the adhesive, plastic quality necessary to form a pill. There are three official massae. Massage (mas-ahzh/) [Fr., from pāooetv, to knead]. A method of effecting changes in the local and gen- eral nutrition, action, and other functions of the body, by rubbing, kneading, and other manipulation of the superficial parts of the body by the hand or an instru- ment. A male operator is called a masseur, a female operator, a masseuse. M., Friction, superficial rubbing. M. Method of Treating Lacrymal Stenosis. See Gould's Method, under Treatment, Methods of. Massering (mas-er/-ring) [Fr., from pudoo’etv, to knead]. The performance of massage. Massesis (mas-e'-sis). Synonym of Mastication. Masset's Test. See Zests, Zable of Masseter (mas-e'-ter) [uaamråp, chewer]. See Muscle. Masseteric (mas-et-er/-ić) [uagyråp, chewer]. Masse- terine; pertaining to the masseter muscle. Masseterine (mas-et/-er-en) [uagmthp, chewer]. taining to the masseter muscle. Masseur(mas-wr/)[Fr.]. A man who practises massage. Masseuse (mas-u(r)2/) [Fr.]. A woman who practises massage. Massicot (mas’-ić-ot) [Fr.]. PbO. Yellow protoxid of lead; litharge. Massotherapeutics, Massotherapy (mas-o-ther-ap-u/- tićs, mas-o-ther/-ap-e) [uáooeuv, to knead ; flepatien, to treat]. The treatment of disease by means of massage. . Massoy Bark (mas-oi/ baré). I. The bark of Cin- namomum Äiamis, of the E. Indies; aromatic and antidysenteric; it affords the volatile oil of massov. 2. The bark of Massoia aromatica, a tree of New Guinea. Massula (masſ-sur-la/.) [L., dim. of massa, a lump or mass: £7., Massulae]. In biology: (a) an adherent group of pollen-grains produced by a single mother. cell. (b) One of the two or more spheric masses con- taining microspores, and derived from the mucilage of the microsporangia of Azolla. These masses are sometimes covered with barbed hair-like appendages, called glochids. Mast-cells. Cells filled with basophile granules, found in the connective tissue and in foci of chronic inflam- mation. Mastaden (masſ-ta-dem) [uaoróg, breast; adjv, gland]. The mammary gland. Mastadenitis (mas-fad-en-i/-täs) [uao Tóc, breast; adºv, gland; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mammary gland. Mastalgia (mas-fd/-je-ah) [uadróg, breast; āāyog, pain]. Any pain in the breast. Per- MASTATROPHIA Mastatrophia (mast-at-ro/-fe-a/) [uadróg, breast; arpo- ºpia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the breast. Mast aux e (mas-tawks’-e) [uaoTóg, breast; aišm, growth). Increase in size, or excessive size, of the mammary apparatus. . Mastax (masſ-ta/s) [uáotaš, the mouth]. In biology, the muscular pharynx, containing the masticatory ap- paratus of a rotifer or wheel-animalcule. Mastecchymosis (masſ-ek-im-o/-sis) [uadróg, breast; £yxbuwoug, ecchymosis]. Ecchymosis of the breast. Mastelcosis (mast-el-Áo'-sis) [ſuaoTóg, breast; 8%kootſ, ulceration]. Synonym of Mast/leſcosis. Master Tissues. A term applied to the muscular and nervous tissues of the body. Masterwort (masſ-fer-wert). Cow Parsnip. The root of Heracleum lamatum, a stimulant, carminative, and antispasmodic. Dose of the fla. ext. 3.j-ij. Unof. See also /mperatoria. Masthelcosis (mas-thel-ko’-sis) [uadróg, breast; 8%koolſ, ulceration]. Ulceration of the breast. Mastic (masſ-tić) [mastiche; udotix), mastic]. The resin flowing from the incised bark of the Pistacia lentiscus. It occurs in pale, yellowish, transparent tears, that are brittle, with conchoidal fracture and balsamic odor, and soften between the teeth. It is soluble in alcohol, oil of turpentine, and acetone. It is used in varnish-mak- ing, and in dentistry as a temporary filling for teeth that have been prepared for their permanent filling. Internally its action is similar to that of the resin of tur- pentine. Dose gr. xx-xl. Mastication (mas-tić-a/-shun) [masticare, to chew]. The process of chewing and of insalivation. Masticatory (mas/-tić-at-o-re) [masticare, to chew]. A term applied to remedies or agents designed to be masticated or chewed ; also to agents increasing the flow of saliva. M. Spasm, spasm from irritation of the peripheral or of the central tract of the motor por- tion of the fifth nerve. Mastiche (mas/-ti-Ae). See Mastic. - Masticot (mas/-tić-ot). Synonym of Massicot. Mastigium (mas-ºff’-e-um) [uáotuş, a whip : pl., Mas- Zigia]. In biology, one of the organs provided with defensive lashes, placed on the posterior extremity of certain lepidopterous larvae. Mastigobranchia (mas-tig-o-brang/-ke-ah) [uáott;, whip; 8páyxia, gills]. In biology, the branchial lash of a crustacean. It is synonymous with the epipo- dite and epignathite of Milne-Edwards, and some- times with part of the podobranchite of Huxley and with the apodemata of MacCoy, and the flabellum of old authors. (Bate.) Mastigophoric (mas-tig-o-for/-i}) [uáotič, whip; pópog, bear]. Same as Masſigophorous. Mastigophorous (mas-tig-off’-o-rus) [uaottyopópoç, bearing a whip]. In biology, flagellate, as certain infusoria or zoöspores. Mastigopod (mas-fig7-0-pod) [uáoriš, a whip; Toíg Fº foot]. In biology, applied to the ciliated or agellate stage in the development of certain organ- isms, as the myxomycetes. Mastigosis (mas-Ég-o/-sis) [uaotiyootſ, from plactlyov, to whip]. Flagellation as a therapeutic measure. Mastilin (masſ-fi/-īn) [uaatiaſm, mastic]. The resin found in mastic. - Mastitis (mas-fi/-tis)[uaoróg, breast; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the breast. M. neonatorum, mastitis of infants. M., Parenchymatous, inflammation of the proper glandular substance of the breast. M., Retro- mammary, M., Submammary, or Paramastitis, in- flammation of the connective tissue between the gland and the thorax. M., Supra-mammary, inflamma- tion of the superficial connective tissue of the breast. 730 MASTOTHECA : # Mastix (mas’-tiks). Synonym of Mastic. Masto-carcinoma (mas-to-kar-sin -o/- mah) [uadróg, breast; Kapkivoua, carcinoma]. . Mammary carcinoma. Masto-chondrosis (mas-to-kom-dro/-sis)[uaotóg, breast; 26 wopog, cartilage]. A chondromatous tumor of the Illa IIll Ila. *$ Mastodealgia (mas-to-de-a/-je-ah) [uaotóóng, mas- toid; &Wyoç, pain]. Pain in the mastoid process. Mastodeocentesis (mas-to-de-o-sen-ſe/-sis) [uaotóð/g, mastoid; Kévt/gig, a thrust]. Surgical perforation of the mastoid process. Mastodeo-paracentesis (mas-to-de-o-par-as-en-te/-sis). Synonym of Al/astodeocentesis. Mastodynia (mas-to-dim/-e-a/.) [uaoTóg, breast; 60üvſ), pain]. Pain in the breast. Mastoid (masſ-toia) [uaotóg, breast; eiðoc, like]. Hav- ing the shape of the breast; a descriptive term applied to a process and to a foramen of the temporal bone, and to other parts. M. Abscess, an abscess of the mastoid cells. M. Angle, the postero-inferior angle of the parietal bone. M. Antrum, a cavity in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. M. Cells, the cells or hollow spaces exhibited in the structure of the mastoid process. M. Disease, inflammation and suppuration of the mastoid cells. M. Foramen. See Aoramina, Table of. M. Fossa. See Aossa. M. Process, the protruding part of the temporal bone felt behind the ear. Mastoidal (mas-toi/-dal), Mastoideal (mas-toi-deſ-a/), Mastoidean (mas-toi-deſ-an) [uaotóg, breast; eiðoç, like]. Pertaining to the mastoid process. Mastoidealgia (mas-toi-de-a/-je-ah) [uaotóg, breast; &Ayoc, pain]. Synonym of Mastodealgia. Mastoideocentesis (mas-toi-de-o-sen-te/-sis). See Mas- todeocenziesis. Mastoideus (mas -toi-de/-us) [uaotóg, breast; elóoç, like]. A muscle attached to the mastoid process. See Muscles, 7able of - Mastoiditis (mas-toid-i/-tis) [ugoróg, breast; eiðoç, like; trug, inflammation]. I. Inflammation of the mastoid cells, and of their lining mucous membrane. 2. In- flammation of the periosteum of the mastoid process. Mastology (mas - to/- o -je) {uaotóg, breast; %yog, treatise]. A treatise on the mammary apparatus, its anatomy and diseases. ; Mastomenia (mas-to-me/-ne-ah) [uaotóg, breast; ſuffy, month]. Vicarious menstruation from the breast. Mastoncus (mas-tong/-kus) [uaotóg, breast; 3)Koç, tumor]. Any tumor of the mammary gland or nipple. Masto-occipital (masſ-to-o/-sip/-it-a!) [uaoTóg, breast; occiput, occiput]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and the occipital bone. Masto-parietal (masſ-to-far-i/-et-al) [uadróg, breast; paries, wall]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and the parietal bone. Mastopathy (mas-top/-ath-e) [uaotóc, breast; Táffog, disease]. Any disease or pain of the mammary apparatus. Mastorrhagia (mas-tor-a/-je-ah) [uaoróg, breast; bnyví- val, to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the breast. Masto-scirrhus (mas-to-skir/-us) [uaotóg, breast; akth- bóg, hard]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the mamma. Mastospargosis (mas-to-spar-go/-sis) [uao Tóc, breast; oirápydog, swelling]. Enlargement or swelling of a mamma, especially that due to excess of milk. Mastosyrinx (mas-to-siſ-rinks) [uaotóg, breast; Güplyś, pipe). A mammary fistula. - ... - Mastotheca (mas-to-theſ-Kah) [uaoTóg, the breast; 6%km, a receptacle : Ž., Mastotheca"). In biology, a pouch in which the nipples of the mammary glands are situ- ated, as in the Marsupialia, whose young are born MASTOUS in an exceedingly rudimentary condition, and are never nourished by means of an allantoic placenta, but are transferred to the nipple of the mother, to which they remain firmly attached for a considerable time and are nourished, the milk being injected into the mouth by compression of the muscle covering the mammary gland. Cf. Marsupium. Mastous (masſ-tus) [uadróg, breast]. Having large II].3.I.O.IIl2C, - Mastozoön (mas-to-zo'-on) [uadróg, breast; #ſov, ani- mal]. A mammal. Mastupration (mas-tu-pra/-shun). /zerbation. Masturbation. (mas-fer-ba/ -shunt) [masturbari, to pol- lute one’s self; manus, the hand; stuprare, to ravish]. Production of the venereal orgasm by the hand; secret VICe. - - Masturbational, Masturbatory (mas-ter-ba/-shum-al, mas-ter-ba/-for-e) [masturbari, to pollute one's self]. Pertaining to masturbation. Masuri (mas-ze/-re) [Ind.]. The name commonly given in India to a parasite of the horse, Amphistoma col- linsii. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Matchmaker's Disease. See Phosphorus-necrosis. Matě (mah/-ta) [Sp., mate, a vessel]. Paraguay Tea. The leaves of Ilex paraguayensis, an infusion of which is used in South America as a substitute for tea and coffee. Its properties are due to caffein. Mater (ma/-ter). See Dura Mater and Pia Mater. Materia (mat-e'-re-ah) [L.]. Matter. M. chirurgica, the instruments, appliances, and general outfit of a surgeon. M. medica, the science that treats of drugs; the things used in medicine. Material (mat-e'-re-al) [materia, matter]. Pertaining to matter; also, the substance of which anything con- sists. - . Materialism (mat-e'-re-al-izm). See Spiritualism. Materies morbi (mat-e'-re-ez mor/-bi) [L., “matter of disease]. I. That material which is essential to the existence of a disease considered as an entity. 2. A material that is the immediate cause of a disease or of an illness. - Maternal (mat-ur’-mal) [mater, mother]. Pertaining to the mother. M. Impressions. See Impressions. Maternity (mat-ur/-mit-e) [mater, mother]. I. Mother- hood. , 2. [Fr., maternité.] A lying-in hospital. Matica (mat-e'-kah). See Matico. Maticin (mat'-is-in) [Sp., matico]. A bitter principle that exists in matico. - Matico (mat-e'-ko) [Sp.]. The leaves of Artanthe elongata, an aromatic tonic, stimulant, and aphro- disiac. It is valuable in catarrhal diseases of the mucous membranes; the leaves are efficacious as a ... hemostatic agent. Dose of the fid. ext, 3 ss—ij; of a Io per cent, tinct. 3ss—ij. M., Infus. (B. P.) Dose J—iv. Matrass (mat/-ras) [Fr., matras, a chemic vessell. A urinal. - Matricaria (mat-rié-a/-re-ah) [matrix, womb). Ger- man Chamomile; the flower-tops of M. chamomila. Matricaria contains a volatile oil and a bitter extractive principle, and is a mild tonic, and in large doses emetic and antispasmodic. It is a popular domestic remedy among the Germans, and is the chamomilla of the homeopathic pharmacopeia. Dose, of the infusion, indefinite. Matriculate (mat-rik/-u-lat) [matricula, a register]. To receive admission and to enroll one’s self as a member of a college. Matricyte (ma/-tris-it) [uármp, mother; kirroc, cell]. A mother-cell. - Matrix (ma/-triks) [L., a mold in which anything is Synonym of Mas- 731 MAW- cast]. I. A mold; the cavity in which anything is formed. 2. That part or tissue into which any organ or process is set, as the matrix of a tooth or of a nail : the intercellular substance. 3. In dentistry, a piece of steel or other metal of suitable form, used in filling proximal cavities. 4. The uterus. Matrixitis (ma-triks-i/-tis). Same as Onychia. Matron (ma/-trom) [matrona, a matron]. The princi- pal female nurse or housekeeper of a hospital. Matted (mat/-ed) [ME., matte, a mat]. Closely ad- herent; applied to tissues or structures that have been bound together by inflammatory exudate. Matter (mat/-er) [materies; materia, matter]. The sub- stance, or stuff, of which anything is made ; the term is used as the name of certain tissues (as white matter, gray matter); also of certain morbid products (e.g., cheesy matter). Pus is colloquially designated as matter. M., Cheesy, the peculiar yellow cheese-like material, found in scrofulous and tuberculous glands, tissues, and other structures. M., Gray (of Sömmer- ing). The locus niger of the crus cerebri. Matteuci’s Muscular Pile. See Aile. Mattoid (mat'-oid) [mattus, drunk; elóoc, like]. A person half-crazed; a crank, or paranoiac. Maturant (mat/-u-rant) [maturare, to ripen]. I. Ripening; hastening the process of maturation. 2. Any agent that promotes suppuration or maturation. Maturation (mat-u-ra/-shun) [maturatio; maturare, to ripen]. I. The period of ripening. The culminating stage of inflammation marked by the collection and excretion of pus in some part of the inflamed tissue. 2. The ripening of the ovum; the stage succeeding the extrusion of the polar bodies. M. of Cataract. See Cataract. Maturative (mat/-u-ra-tiv). Synonym of Aſaturant. Mature (ma-tūr/) [maturare, to ripen]. Ripe; also, to ripen. Maturity (ma-tu/-riţ-e) [maturitas, maturare, to ri- pen]. Full development; the quality or period of complete growth. Matutinal (ma-tuſ-tin-al) [Matuta, goddess of the morning]. Occurring in the morning, as matutinal IlallSCal. Matzoon (mat/-zūn). A variety of koumiss, prepared largely in Asiatic Turkey. It is the Turkish equiva- lent of the Arabian leben, g. v. Mauchart's Ligaments. See Ligament. Mauméne’s Test. See Tests, Zable of Mauriceau’s Method. See 7%reatment, Methods of Mauriceau-Lachapelle Method. Same as AZazeziceau’s Method. Mauthner, Sheath of. A thin zone of protoplasm situated immediately adjacent to the axis-cylinder of a nerve, and separating it from the medullary sheath. Mauvanilin (mawry-an/-iſ-in) [Fr., mauze, yellow; amilin], Ciofile N.O. A derivative of anilin, occur- ring as a by-product in the manufacture of rosanilin. It is soluble in alcohol, in benzene, and in acetic ether. See Pigments, Conspectus of - Mauve (mawv) [Fr.]. A purple dye derived from anilin. It is a salt of mazzein, g. v. See also Pig- ments, Conspectus of Mauvein (mary/-ve-in) [Fr. mauve, yellow], Cos He, N. A base derived from anilin; its salts, especially the sulphate, form the anilin-dye mauve. It is a dark, crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in benzene and ether. See Pigments, Conspectus of Maw-bound. Constipated. M.-worm. Any intes- tinal worm that finds its way into the stomach, as Oxyuris vermicularis, or especially Ascaris /umbricis. See Parasites (Animal), Table of MAXILLA Maxilla (maks-i/-ah) [I., the jaw-bone; pl. , Maxillae]. The bone of the upper jaw, the supra-maxillary bone proper, but applied also to the bone of the lower jaw ; 1. Anterior aspect of pyramidal process, or canine fossa. 2. Incisive or myrti- form fossa 3. Infra- orbital foramen. 4. Summit of pyramid- al process, or malar u process. 5. Posterior aspect of pyramidal E. 6. Inferior order of pyramidal process. 7. Posterior border, or maxillary tuberosity. 8. Nasal process. 9. Posterior border, grooved for lacrymal duct. Io. Anterior nasal spine. I 1. In fra - or bit al groove. I2. Summit of nasal process. 13. Posterior and supe- rior angle. I4. Su- perior border. 15. Anterior border of nasal process. opening of nasal fossae. SUPERIOR MAxILLARY BONE, ExtER- NAL ASPECT. 16. Notch for anterior I . Body of bone Aº and external oblique line. 2. Ramus. 3. Sym- physis. 4. In- cisive fossa. 5. Mental fora- men. 6. De- pression in in- & Nº ferior border {{\\ c || , *. Nº for attachment ºs §º \", N of dig as tric §§§ { | - W \\\\ n) us cle. Depression for pass age of º ºws\,\!" Aswº facial artery M\\\\\\ g e t www. 8. Angle of jaw. : "*** *** §§ 9. Posterior ex- - tº tremity of in- tºy oblique INFERIOR MAxILLARY BONE, ExTERNAL line. Io. Coro- ASPECT. noid process. II. Condyle. 12. Sigmoid notch. 13. Origin of inferior dental canal. I4. Mylo-hyoid groove. 15. Alyeolar border. a. Incisors. b. Bicuspids. c. Canines. m. Molars. among insects and crustaceans, a member of one of the pairs of gnathites behind and below the mandibles. Maxillar (ma/s/-i/-ar), Maxillary (mažs/-iſ-a-re) [/taxilla, jaw-bone]. Pertaining to the maxillae or jaws. M. Bones, the bones of the jaws, consisting of an inferior or lower, and a superior or upper jaw. M. Nerve, Inferior. See AVerves, Table of. M. Nerve, Superior. See AVerves, Table of. M. Sinus, the antrum of Highmore. Maxillen (ma/s/-iſ-en) [maxilla, jaw-bone]. ing to the maxillary bone in itself. Maxilliform (ſnaks-i/-äform) [maxilla, jaw; forma, form]. Shaped like a jaw-bone. Maxilliped, Maxillipede (maks-i/-ip-ed, maks-i/-iſ-ed) [maxilla, jaw; ?es, foot]. In biology, one of the foot-jaws or gnathopodites of a crustacean. Maxillitis (ma/s-iſ-i/-ſis) [maxilla, jaw; tıç, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a maxillary gland. Maxillo-dentary (ma/s-il-o-den/-far-e) [maxilla, jaw; dens, tooth]. Pertaining to the jaw and the teeth. Maxillo-jugal (maks-i/-o-ju/-gal) [maxilla, jaw; ju- gum, yoke]. Pertaining to the jaw and the malar bone. Maxillo-mandibular (maks-il-o-man-dih/-u-lar) [max- f//a, jaw; mandibula, lower jaw]. Pertaining to the upper jaw and the lower jaw. Maxillo-palatine (maſs-il-o-pal/-at-in) [maxilla, jaw; Belong- 732 MAZOCACOTHESIS palatum, palate]. Pertaining to the maxilla and the palatine bone. Maxillo-palpebralis (mažs-il-o-pal-pe-bra/-lis). Syno- nym of Orbicularis palpebrarum. See Muscles, Table of Maxillo-pharyngeal (maks-il-o-far-in/-je-al) [maxilla, jaw; pápvyš, pharynx]. Pertaining to the jaw and the pharynx. Maxillo-turbinal (maks-il-o-tur/-bin -al) [maxilla, jaw ; turbo, whirlwind]. Pertaining to the maxillo- turbinal bone. M.–t. Bone, the inferior turbinate bone. Maximal (mažs/-im-al) [maximus, the greatest]. Per- taining to the maximum; highest or largest. M. Contraction, the extreme height of the lift or mus- cular contraction reached by gradually increased stim- ulus. M. Thermometer, a clinical thermometer with a device (a pin on top of the mercurial column) for preserving a record of the highest temperature to which it may have been subjected since the last observation. Maximum (maks/-im-um) [L., the greatest]. The greatest or highest degree. M. Dose, the largest dose of a medicament that may be safely given. M. Occipital Point. See Cramiometric Points. Maxwell’s Spot. A peculiar figure seen when blue light corresponding to blue glass F, of Rathenow's scale, is made to pass with rapid intermissions before the eye. M.'s Theory. See Light. May (ma) [Maia, the goddess of growth.]. The name of the fifth month. Also, a descriptive term applied to many flowers that mature in that month. M.-ap- ple. See Podophyllum. M.-epidemic, a synonym in Europe for Croupous Pneumonia. M.-flower. See Trailing Arbutus. M.-weed. See Maruta. Mayer's Alcoholic Carmin. See Stains, Table of M.'s Cochineal. See Stains, Table of M.'s Hem- alum Staining Fluid. See Stains, Table of M.'s Reagent. See Tests, Table of M.'s Solution, a culture-medium for bacteria. It contains di-hydropo- tassic phosphate, calcic phosphate, and magnesium sulphate, each . I gram, pepsin .23 gram, and I5 per cent. Solution of sugar-candy 20 c.c. Mayet’s Formula. See A/imentation, Recta/. M.'s Paste, a caustic paste composed of zinc chlorid 8 parts, zinc oxid I part, wheat flour 7 parts, water I art. Mºhem (ma/-hem) [OF., mehaigner, to hurt]. A legal term signifying the violent and unauthorized privation by another, of any useful part or organ of the body; mutilation; maiming. Maynard’s Adhesive Liquid. Same as Collodion. Mayor's Scarf. A simple dressing for fracture of the clavicle. It is made of a square of muslin, the diag- onal being long enough to reach easily around the body. It is folded diagonally, and the forearm placed between the folds and laid horizontally across the chest; the ends of the diagonal are tied together at the back, and the other two ends are drawn snugly up in front so as to support the weight of the arm, and tied together around the neck. See //and/ºerchief-dressing. Mays (māz) [L.]. The genus Zea, 7 v. Maza (ma/-zah) [uáſa, cake]. The placenta. Mazalgia (ma-za/~ge-ah) [uaſóg, breast; tıWyog, pain]. Mastalgia, or mastodynia. Mazalysis (ma-za/-is-is) [uáça, cake; & priv.; %gic, a loosing]. Retention of the placenta. Sometimes used as synonym of Mazolysis, g. v. Mazic (ma/-zić) [uáča, placenta]. placenta. - Mazischesis (ma-zis/-kes-is). Synonym of Mazalysis. Mazocacothesis (ma-go-ka/k-oth’-es-is) [uáča, cake; Kakóc, ill; 0éalc, placing]. Faulty implantation of the placenta. Pertaining to the MAZODYNIA Mazodynia (ma-zo-dim/-e-ah) [uagóg, breast; 6divm, pain]. Same as Mastodynia. Mazology (ma-zo/-oje). Same as Mastology. Mazolysis (ma-zo/-is-ts) [uáča, cake; Wüolg, loosing]. Separation of the placenta. Mazolytic (ma-zo-lit'-i}) [uáča, cake; Žíoic, loosing]. Pertaining to mazolysis. Mazopathy (ma-zop/-ath-e) [uáča, cake, placenta; Tráffog, illness]. I. Any disease of the placenta. 2. [uaſóg, breast; ſtáffog, illness]. Same as Mastopathy. Meable (me/-a-bl.) [meabilis, easily penetrating]. Capa- ble of being readily traversed or passed through. Mead (med) [ME., mede, mead]. Dilute, fer- mented honey or syrup flavored. See Aydromel and Metheglin. Meadow Anemone. See Azelsatella. M. Saffron. See Colchicum. Meal (mel) [ME., mele, meal]. A coarse flour made from leguminous seeds or cereals. Measle (mez/-el) [singular of ME. meseles, measles]. An individual Cysticercus cellulosae. M. of Pork. See Cysticercus. M.-worm, cysticercus. Measles (mez/-els) [ME., meseles, measles]. I. Rubeola, Morbilli. An acute, infectious disease, characterized by a peculiar eruption and by catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the conjunctiva and the air-passages. The period of incubation is nearly two weeks. The eruption is of a peculiar reddish color and assumes the form of concentric patches. The disease affects principally the young, is exceed- ingly contagious, and one attack of it confers almost perpetual immunity. 2. Fr., ladrérie ; Ger., Finnen. A disease of the pig, the ox, the sheep, the rein- deer, the dog, the cat, and man, due to the presence in the muscles, connective tissue, the brain, and other organs, of the finns or larvae of various tapeworms; a form of cysticercosis. See Cysticercus, under Para- sites (Animal), Zable of. M., Anomalous, a form in which the symptoms are irregular, either the fever, catarrh, or eruption being absent. M., Bastard. Synonym of Röthelm. M., Benign, measles running through its ordinary course. M., Black, a very malig- nant, usually hemorrhagic form of measles. M., Camp, an epidemic form occurring among soldiers. M., Choleriform, a form in which choleraic symptoms supervene. M., Dyspneic, a grave form associated with congestion of the lungs and speedy death. It is most frequent in infants and young soldiers. M., False. Synonym of Æðthełm. M., Fire. See A'5th- eln. M., French. Synonym of Rötheln. M., German. Synonym of Röthelm. M., Hemorrhagic, a form in which the eruption is hemorrhagic in type. M., Malignant, a fatal form with petechiae, diarrhea and extreme prostration. M., Putrid, the same as M., Malignant. M., Typhoid, a severe form attended by hyperpyrexia and marked prostration. Measly (mē2/-le) [ME., meseles, measles]. Containing measles (cysticerci); covered with a measles-like eruption. Measures (mez//-ärg). See Weights and Measures and Metric System. Meat (met) [ME., mete, meat]. The muscular tissues of an animal, used as food. M.-biscuit, a palatable biscuit, weighing about I 4 fibs., and containing from IO to 12 per cent, of water. It is made by mixing together, cooking, and baking, I fib. flour, I fo, meat, 4 ft). suet, 94 fo. potatoes, with a little sugar, onion, salt, pepper, and spices. It will keep unchanged for four months. M.-inspection, the examination of meat, by experts, usually at the slaughter-houses, for the purpose of determining the presence or absence of disease, especially of tuberculosis and other infectious 733 MECON ARCEIN diseases, and of trichiniasis. M.-washings. Aysentery. Meatometer (me-at-om/-et-er) [meatus, meatus; uét- pov, measure]. An instrument used in measuring the caliber of the meatus urinarius. Meatoscope (me-at'-o-sköp) [meatus, meatus; oroteiv, to inspect]. A speculum used in the examination of the distal portion of the male urethra. Meatotome (me-a/-o-tom) [meaſus, meatus; Top1%, a cutting]. A cutting instrument used in performing meatotomy. Meatotomy (me-at-of/-o-me) [meatus, meatus; Touff, section]. Surgical incision of the meatus urinarius. Meatus (me-a/-tus) [meare, to flow or pass]. A pas- sage. M. auditorius externus, the canal extending from the concha to the membrana tympani. M. audi- torius, internus, the internal auditory canal. M. ure- thrae, M. urinarius, the orifice of the urethra. M. of Nose, one of the three meati into which the turbinal bones divide the nasal cavity. M. venosus, a short vein, the vitelline, into which the omphalo-mesenteric veins empty. Mecca Balsam-tree. See Carpobalsamum. Mechanencephalitis (mek-an-cm-seſ-a/-ä’-tis) [umyavi, instrument; £yképažog, brain; trug, inflammation]. Encephalitis due to injury. - Mechanic, Mechanical (me-kan/-i}, ºne-Aam’-i}-al) [umravakóc, pertaining to a machine]. Machine-like ; lacking spontaneity; physical ; non-vital; pertaining to mechanics. M. Dentistry, the art of constructing and applying artificial teeth, artificial palates, obtura- tors and appliances for the correction of irregularity in the arrangement of the natural teeth. M. Parts, the stand of a microscope, excluding the ocular and ob- jective. M. Theory, Virchow's theory of tumor-for- mation, viz., that tumors are due primarily to local irritation. Mechanics (me-Åan/-īās) [umzavikh, instrument]. The science that treats of forces and powers and their appli- cation, either directly or by the intervention of ma- chinery. It may treat of bodies at rest (statics), or in motion (dynamics). Mechanism (mek/-an-izm) [mechanismus, from unravà, instrument]. Any structure having the nature of a See machine. The method by which any process is car- ried on. M. of Accommodation. See Accom/zo- dation. M. of Labor. See Labor. Mechano-therapy (mek/-an-o-ther’-ap-e) [umyanºff, in- strument; Bepaireia, treatment]. The use of mechani- cal agencies, such as massage, exercise, and the like, in the treatment of disease. Meckel’s Cartilage. The cartilage of the mandibular arch in the embryo. M.'s Cave or Space, the recess of dura mater lodging the Gasserian ganglion. M.'s Diverticulum, a diverticulum of the ileum, arising from one to two feet above the ilio-cecal valve, and representing a portion of the unobliterated omphalomesenteric canal of the fetus. See Z);- verticulum. M.'s Ganglion. See Gang/ia, Table of M.'s Ligament. See Ligament. M.'s Plane. See Plane. Meckelian Bar. Same as Meckel's Carſi/age. M. Ganglion. See Gangºlia, Zable of Mecometer (me-kom/-et-er) [uñkoç, length ; ſuérpov, measure]. An instrument used in measuring new- born infants. Meconalgia (me-kom-a/-je-ah) ſuffkan', poppy; a 2}og, pain]. Pain or neuralgia following the disuse of opium. * Meconarcein (mek-o-mar/-se-in) [uffkov, opium; napkoin. to benumb]. A preparation of opium alkaloids, having sedative properties, but which is free from morphin. MECONATE Meconate (mek/-on-āt) [uffkov, opium]. A salt of me. comic acid. Meconeuropathia (mek-on-tº-ro-pa/-the-ah) [uffkov, opi- um ; veipov, nerve; Tá00g, illness]. Nervous disorder due to the abuse of opium, or its narcotic derivatives. Meconial Colic (mek-o'-me-a/). See Colic. Meconic (meſº-on/-ié) [uffkov, poppy]. Pertaining to opium. M. Acid. See Acid. Meconidin (mek-on/-id-in) ſuffkov, poppy], Col H23NO. An amorphous alkaloid of opium. Meconidium (mek-on-id/-e-um) [ufficaw, part of the intes- time of a testaceous animal : the ink-bag of a cuttle- fish: pl. , Aſeconidia]. In biology, one of the genera- tive medusoid buds or zoöids developed on the gono- theca of certain hydroids (Gonothyrea), and that gives rise to ciliated embryos. Meconin (mek/-on-in) ſuffkov, poppy], Cio HoOº. A substance that results from the action of sodium amal- gam upon opianic acid. It occurs already formed in opium, and is obtained on boiling narcotin with water. It yields shining crystals, melting at IO2° C., and dis- solving with difficulty in water. It is said to be an hypnotic. Unof. Meconioid (mek-o'-ne-oid) [ufficov, poppy; eiðog, like]. Resembling meconium. Meconiorrhea (mek-on-e-or-e'-a/.) [umkóviov, meco- nium; hota, flow]. A morbidly free discharge of me- conium. Meconiosin (meſº-on-i/-o-sin) ſuffkov, poppy]. A neu- tral principle found in opium. Meconious (meſº-o/-me-us) [uñkov, poppy]. Pertaining to meCOnlu In. - Meconism (ſue/º/-on-izm) [mecomismus, piñkov, poppy]. The opium-habit; opium-poisoning, especially of the chronic kind. Meconium (mek-o'-ne-um) [umkóvtov, lit., “poppy- juice”]. The first fecal discharges of the newborn. It is a dark-green, viscid liquid, composed of the secre- tion of the liver with exfoliated epithelium from the bowel. Meconoid (me//-on-oid). Synonym of Mecomioja. Meconoiosin (mek-on-oi/-o-sin) [uffkov, poppy], CsPIlo- O,. A derivative of opium, crystalline in character and giving a dark-red color with sulphuric acid. Meconology (mek-on-o/-0-ſe) [ufficov, opium ; 7.6%g, science]. The botany and pharmacology of opium, its allies and derivatives. Meconophagism (meſº-on-off’-aſ-izm) ſufficov, opium; (payev, to eat]. The habit of opium-eating. Meconophagist (me/*-on-off’-aft-ist) [ufficov, opium; (payeiv, to eat]. An opium-eater. Medeitis (me-de-i/-/is) [ufföea, genitals; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the genital organs. Media (ºne’-de-ah) [fem. of medius, middle ; pl. of medium]. The middle coat of an artery, vein, or lymph-vessel. Mediad (ºne/-de-ad) [medius, middle]. Toward the median plane or line. Medial (me/-de-al). See Median. Median (me/-de-am) [medius, the middle]. Middle, mesal, or mesial. M. Artery. See Arteries, Zable of. M. Line. See Zinze. M. Nerve. See AVerves, Zab/e of M. Operation. See Operations, Zable of. M. Plane. See A2/azze. Mediastinal (me-de-as-ti’-mal) [mediastinum, mediasti- num]. Pertaining to the mediastinum. Mediastinitis (me-de-as-tin-i/-täs) [mediastimum, me- diastinum; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cellular tissue of the mediastinum. It is characterized by constant severe pain beneath the sternum, together with dyspnea. Pus may form and give rise to consti- tutional symptoms, and, if in large quantity, to a '734 MEDICINE fluctuating tumor in an intercostal space or above the episternal notch. Mediastino-pericarditis (me-de-as/-tin-o-per-ik-ar-di/- tis) [medias/inum, mediastinum ; tepi, around; |capſ)ia, heart; ttig, inflammation]. Combined inflam- mation of the mediastinum and the pericardium. Mediastinum (me-de-as-ti’-num) [in medio stare, to stand in the middle]. A middle portion or septum separating adjacent parts. The pleural folds or septa extending from the spine to the sternum, and dividing the thoracic cavity into right and left chambers. It is divided into the anterior, the middle, and the posterior mediastinum, and otherwise into an upper (or superior) and a lower mediastinum. M. testis, a cavity in the posterior portion of the testicle formed by a projection inward of the tunica albuginea. It occupies about one-third of the transverse, and one-fourth of the longi- tudinal diameter of the testicle. - Mediate (me/-de-āt) [medius, the middle]. Indirect. Also applied to the medium interposed between the surface of the body, and the instruments used in percus- sion and auscultation. M. Ligature. See Zigature. M. Percussion, percussion on a pleximeter. Medibasilic Vein (me-de-bas-i/-īk). The median basilic vein. See Weiſz. Medicable (med/-ić-a-0/) [medicari, to heal]. able to cure. Medical (mea'-ić-a/) [medicalis ; medicari, to heal]. Pertaining to medicine, or the healing art. M. Eth- ics, those principles of justice, honor, and courtesy that regulate the intercourse and conduct of physicians. M. Jurisprudence. See /urisprudence. Medicament (med-i/-am-enſ) [medicamentum, from medicari, to heal]. A medicinal substance. Medicamental, Medicamentary (med-ić-am-en/-tal, med-ik-am-en/-a-re) [medicamentum, from medicari, to heal]. Pertaining to medicine. Medicamentation (med-ić-am-en-ta/-shum) [ medica- mentum, a medicine]. Treatment by medicines. Medicamentous (med-ić-am-em/-fus). See Medicinal. Medicamentum (med-ić-am-en/-fi/m). See Medica- ment. M. arcanum, a proprietary or secret remedy. Medicaster (med/-ić-as-ter) [medicus, a physician]. An ignorant or unskilful physician or pretender; a quack. Medicated (med/- iſ - a - fed) [medicatus, medicated]. Treated or impregnated with medicine. Also, purified and made fit for medical use. Medication (med-ić-a/-shun) [medicatio, medication]. Treatment by, or impregnation with, a medicine. M., Hypodermatic, or Hypodermic, treatment by the in- troduction of medicines beneath the skin, usually by means of a hypodermatic syringe. Medicephalic (me-de-sef-a/-ä) [ medius, middle; Kedahº, head]. Median cephalic. See Wein. Medicerebellar (me-de-ser-e-bel/-ar) [medius, middle; cerebellum, little brain]. Pertaining to the intermediate region of the cerebellum. Medicerebral (me-de-ser/- e - braſ) [medius, middle; cerebrum, brain]. Pertaining to the central portion of the cerebrum. Medicinal (med-is/-in-a/) [medicina, medicine]. Per- taining to, or having the nature of, a medicine. M. Rashes, eruptions on the skin following the internal administration of certain drugs, e. g., bromin and the bromids, iodin and the iodids, belladonna, copaiba, chloral, mercury, quinin, the salicylates, antipyrin and arsenic. Medicine (med/-is-in) [medicina, medicine]. The science and art of preserving health, and preventing and curing disease; the “healing art,” including also the Science of obstetrics. In a more restricted sense of the Amen- MEDICINER word surgery is excluded. On the European con- tinent it is customary to divide medicine into internal and external, the former implying the restricted sense of the term, or the study of diseases of internal organs, the latter referring to surgery or external dis- eases. The term is applied also to a particular drug or therapeutic application. M., Atomistic, dosimetric medicine. M.-chest, a case or compartment for storing or carrying medicines. M., Clinical, pertain- ing to the study of disease by the bedside of the patient; internal medicine. M., Conservative, a method of treatment with the object of preserving the vital forces, and not by active measures, that endanger the life of the patient; also used in the ordinary sense of the word as relying upon well understood, or ac- cepted or established methods of treatment, rather than upon new and comparatively untried plans. M., Domestic, the use of domestic remedies. M., Dosi- metric. See Dosimetry. M., Eclectic. See Eclectic. M., Empiric. See AEmpiric. M., Equine, veterinary medicine as applied to the horse. M., Forensic, or M., Legal, the relations of medicine to jurisprudence, involving the diagnosis of insanity, questions in toxicol- ogy, surgery, and the like. M., Neurodynamic, the application of heat and cold to the spine in the treat- ment of certain diseases. M., -pannier, a pannier used in the United States army for transporting medi- cines. M. Patent, a mixture or compound of sundry drugs for the sale of which the deviser gets a patent from the government. The ordinary so-called patent medicines, however, are not patented, but have only the name copyrighted. M., Pneumatic, the treat- ment of disease by means of compressed and rare- fied air. See Waldenburg’s Apparatus. M., Pre- ventive, that which aims at the prevention of disease, in the community as well as in the individual. M., Proprietary. See Medicine, Patent. M., State, medical jurisprudence. and treatment of the diseases of domestic animals. Mediciner (med-is/-in-er) [medicus, a physician]. A physician. Medicinerea (me de-sin-e'-re-ah) [medius, middle, and cinereus, ashen]. The gray matter of the claustrum and lenticula of the brain, lying between the cortex or ectocinerea and the entocinerea. Medico-chirurgical (med-ić-o-ki-rur/-jić-al) [medicus, a physician; yetpoipyog, a surgeon]. Pertaining con- jointly to medicine and surgery. Medico-legal (med-ik-o-le/-gal) [medicus, physician; lex, law]. Relating both to medicine and law. Medico-mania (med-ik-o-ma/-ne-ah) [medicus, physi- cian; ſlavia, madness]. Morbid interest or zeal in medical matters exhibited by non-professional persons. Medicommissure (me-de-Åom/-is-àr) [medius, middle; commissura, commissure]. The middle commissure of the third ventricle. surfaces of the thalami. It is in a direct line between the porta and the aqueduct, and just dorsad of the aulix. It consists mainly of cells, and is so soft as commonly to be torn during the removal of the brain. Medico-pneumatic (med-ik-o-nu-mat'-ić) [medicus, physician; Tveijua, air]. Relating to pneumatic medi- CII) e. . Medico-psychologic (med-ik-o-si-ko-loj/-īk) [medicus, physician; ºptºm, mind; Aóyog, science]. Pertaining to medico-psychology. Medico-psychology (med-ik-o-si-ko/-o-je) [medicus, physician; puyoſhāyta, the science of the mind.]. Psy- chologic medicine; the study of mental diseases. Medicornu (me-de-Åor/-nu) [medius, middle; cornu, horn]. The middle horn of the lateral ventricle. Medicus (med/-ié-us) [L.]. A physician. 735 M., Veterinary, the science . The junction of the mesal MEDIUS Medifurca (me-de-ſur/-/a/.) [medius, middle; furca, fork: pl. , Medifurca]. In biology, the middle, forked apodeme that projects into the thoracic cavity of an insect from the sternal wall of the somite. Medina-worm (me-di/-mah-werm). See Ailaria medin- ensis under Parasites (Anima/), Zable of Medio-bilateral (me-de-o-bi-ſat/-er-al) [medius, mid- dle; bis, twice; latus, side]. Pertaining to the mid- dle and to both sides. Medio-carpal (me-de-o- Aar/-pal) [medius, middle; carpus, carpus]. Pertaining to the articulation be- tween the two rows of carpal bones. Medio-colic (me-de-o-Aoſ/-īA) [medius, middle; kóżov, colon]. Pertaining to the middle portion of the colon. Medio-dorsal (me-de-o-'dor/-sa/) [medius, middle ; dorsum, back]. Both median and dorsal; on the mesial line of the back. Medio-frontal (me-de-o-frum/-tal) [medius, middle ; frons, forehead]. Pertaining to the middle of the forehead. Medio-lateral (me-de-o-la/-er-al) [medius, middle ; Jatus, side]. Pertaining to the middle and to one side. Medio-occipital (me-de-o-o/-sip/-it-al) [medius, mid- dle; occiput, occiput]. Pertaining to the middle portion of the occipital region. Medio-pontine (me-de-o-pon/-tin) [medius, middle; pons, bridge]. Pertaining to the central portion of the pons. - Medio-tarsal (me-de-o-tar/-sa/) [medius, middle ; tar- sus, tarsus]. Pertaining to the middle articulation of the tarsal bones. Medipectus (me-de-peſº/-ſus). Same as Mesosſermºry. Medipeduncle (me-de-pe-dung/-A/) [medius, middle ; pedunculus, peduncle]. The middle peduncle of the cerebellum ; the lateral intermediate continua- tion of the cerebellum to the pons. It is the largest of the three peduncles of the cerebellum, and is mainly continued from the lateral lobe of the latter. Mediscalenus (me-de-ska-le/- mus) [medius, middle; akažmyög, scalene, oblique]. Synonym of Scalenus medius ; see Muscles, Table of Medisect (me-de-sekt/) [medius, middle; secare, to cut]. To make a medisection, g. v. Medisection (me-de-sek'-shum) [medius, middle ; sectio, from secare, to cut]. Section of the body, or of any symmetric part, at the median longitudinal antero-pos- terior plane. See Position and Direction, Zable of Medisternum (me-de-ster/-num). Synonym of Aſeso- Stezzzzz/72. Mediterranean Fever. See Fezer. Meditriceps (me-de-tri/-se/s) [medius, middle; Tpeiç, three ; kepahá, head]. The middle or long head of the triceps muscle. Medium (me/-de-um) [medius, the middle ; pl., A/edia]. That in which anything moves or through which it acts. In medicine, the sum of conditions by which a patient is surrounded, especially those of light, tem- perature, and ventilation. Also, a person subject to hypnotizing influence. M., Culture. See A/edia, AVutrient. M. of the Eye, the refracting structures from the anterior surface of the cornea to the retina. M., Fluid, any liquid nutrient substance, such as bouillon, milk, and the like. M., Mounting. See Mounting-media. M., Nutrient, the substances used in bacteriologic studies for . the cultivation of micro- organisms. See M., Fluid, and Mſ., Soſia. M., Solid, any solid nutrient substance for the cultivation of bac- teria, as gelatin, agar-agar, potato, and the like. Mediumism (me’-de-um-izm) [medius, the middle], Hypnotism. Medius (meſ-de-us) [medius, middle]. The middle. MEDOBLENNORRFIEA Medoblennorrhea (me-do-blem-or-e'-ah). Gomorrhea and Gleet. Medorrhea (me-dor-e'-ah) [uñóea, genitals; bota, a flow]. A discharge from the reproductive organs. M. urethralis, gonorrhea. M. virilis, gonorrhea of the male urethra. Medorrhoic (me-dor-o'-ić) [uñóea, genitals; bota, flow]. Pertaining to medorrhea. - Medulla (me-du/-a/) [L., marrow]. A fatty sub- stance or marrow occupying certain cavities. Also the central parts of certain organs, as distinguished from the cortex. See Alba. M. of Bone, bone-mar- row. M. dorsalis. See M. spinalis. M. of Hair, the central portion or core of the hair. M. of Nerve- fiber, the myelin or white substance of Schwann. M. oblongata, the upper enlarged part of the spinal cord, extending from the cord opposite the foramen mag- num to the pons Varolii. M., Renal, the substance of the renal pyramids. M. spinalis, M. vertebralis, the spinal cord or marrow ; the myelon. Synonym of DoRSAL ASPECT OF MEDULLA OBLONGATA. I. Gray matter surrounding central canal. 2. Orifice of this canal: , 3. Median fissure. . 4. Its upper extremity. 5. Gray- ish-white matter giving origin to hypoglossal nerve. 6. Emi- mentia teres. 7. Prominence corresponding to nucleus of 6th nerve. .7'. Nucleus of 3d nerve. 8. Gray column giving origin to mixed nerves. Io. Third ventricle and posterior connmissure. Medullar (me-dul'-ar). Synonym of Medullary. Medullary (med/-ul-a-re, or med-uſ/-a-re) [medulla, marrow]. Pertaining to the medulla or to marrow ; resembling marrow. Also, pertaining to the white sub- stance of the brain contained within the cortical envelop of gray matter. M. Canal, the hollow in- terior of long bones, in which the marrow lies. M. Carcinoma, a soft carcinoma very rich in cells; en- cephaloid carcinoma. M. Groove, a longitudinal groove at the anterior part of the embryonal shield of the blastoderm. M. Membrane, the areolar envelop of the marrow of the long bones. M. Plates. See Plate. M. Rays. I. Also called Pyramid's of 36 MEGACEPHALIC Aerrein ; series or bundles of parallel tubules ex- tending from the medulla of the kidney into the cortex. 2. Rays of fundamental tissue that con- nect the pith with the cortex, and separate the fibro- vascular bundles, in the stems of dicotyledons and gymnosperms. M. Sarcoma, a soft, round-celled Sarcoma. M. Sheath, I. the semi-fluid, fatty, white matter between the enveloping sheath and the central axis-cylinder, or essential part of a nerve. 2. A sheath composed of spiral ducts and wood-cells sur- rounding the pith, in dicotyledons and gymnosperms. M. Tube, the closing of the medullary groove, form- ing a closed medullary or neural tylbe. M. Velum. See Velum. - Medullated (med/-ul-a-fed) [medulla, marrow]. Con- taining or covered by medulla or marrow. M. Nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers provided with a medullary sheath, the myelin or white substance of Schwann. Non-M. Nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers not possessing a medullary sheath. ‘. Medullic Acid (med-uſ/-īk) [medulla, marrow], Col- H42O2. A monobasic acid derived from beef-fat. Medullification (med-ul-iſ-ik-a/-shun) [medulla, mar- row; facere, to make]. The formation of medulla. Medullin (med-u/-in)[medulla, marrow]. I. A variety of cellulose obtained from the pith or medulla of cer- tain plants. 2. An extract derived from the spinal cord. Medulli-spinal (med-ul-e-spi/-na/) [medulla, marrow ; spinalis, spinal]. Relating to the myelon or spinal marrow ; myelonic. Medullitis (med-ul-i/-tis) [medulla, marrow ; trug, in- flammation]. I. Inflammation of marrow. 2. Myelitis. Medullization (med-ul-iz-a/-shun) [medulla, marrow]. Softening of bone-tissue in the course of osteitis. Medullo-arthritis (med-ul-o-ar-thri/-tis) [medulla, marrow; āpāpov, joint; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the marrow-elements of the cancellated articular portion of a bone. - Medullo-cell (med-u!’-o-sel) [medulla, marrow ; cellula, cell]. A marrow-cell. Medullo-encephalic (med-u/-o-en-seſ-a/-ä) [medulla, marrow ; Śykéjažóc, brain]. Pertaining to the med- ulla and the encephalon; myelo-encephalic. Medusa (me-du/-sah) [Méðovoa, one of the Gorgons]. Jelly-fish. M.’s Head. See Medusae Caput. Med- usae Caput, an extensive dilatation of the superficial veins of the abdomen about the umbilicus, seen in certain cases of portal obstruction. The condition largely depends upon the establishment of the venous collateral circulation through an anastomosis of the mesenteric veins and those of the abdominal walls, and, occasionally, also upon a patulousness of the um- bilical vein. Meerschaum (mer/-shawm) [Ger., “sea-foam ”], Mg,FI SigO). A native hydrated magnesium silicate; locally used in the same way as bole, or cimolian earth; it is a good absorbent application. Mega-, Megalo- (meg/-ah-, meg/-al-o-) [uéyac: gen, , pleyážovl. A prefix signifying large; also, indicating a unit one million times as great as the unit to which it is prefixed. * Megabacteria (meg/-ah-bak-teſ-re-ah) [uéyag, large ; ſłakthptov, bacterium]. Large bacteria; a group of the coccobacteria. Megacephalia (meg-ah-sef-a/-/e-ah) [uéyaç, large ; kepazºff, head]. The megacephalic condition. Megacephalic (meg-ah -seſ-a/- ?), Megacephalous (meg-as-eſ/-a/-us) [uéyag, large; Keſhaftſ, head]. A term applied to a skull whose capacity (measured by filling with shot through the foramen magnum) exceeds 1450 c.c. If less than I 350 it is called micro- cephalic ... if between these numbers, mesocephalic. MEGACERUS Megacerus (meg-asſ-er-us) [uéyaç, large; Képaç, horn]. Large-horned ; having large antennae. Megacheilus (meg-ah-ki/-/us) [uéyag, large; xeižog, lip]. Large-lipped. Megacoccus (meg-ah-Koć/-zes) [ſuéyag, large; Kókkoç, a berry]. A large-sized coccus. Megadont (meg/-ah-dont) [uéyag, great; 6600c, tooth]. In biology, having large teeth. Cf. Macrodont. Megadyne (meg/-a/-din)[uéyag, great; 60 wapug, power]. A unit equal to a million dynes. Megaelectrometer (meg-ah-e-left-trom/-et-er) [uéyaç, large; #28ktpov, amber; plétpov, measure]. An electrometer for measuring strong currents. Megafarad (meg-ah-ſar'-ad) [uéyag, large; Faraday]. An electric unit equal to a million farads. Megagastria (meg-ah-gas/-tre-a/.) [Auéyag, great; yaotáp, belly]. Auxesis, or abnormal enlargement of the abdomen. Megagnathus (meg-ah-gna/-thus)[uéyaç, large; Yváffog, jaw]. Large-jawed. Megalerg (meg/-a/-eng). See Electric Cnits. Megalesthete (meg/-a/- es-thet) [uéyag, great, large; aloffmråg, one who perceives]. In biology, Moseley’s term for peculiar organs of touch characteristic of the Chitonidae; the “papilliform bodies” of Van Bem- melen. It is also written Mega/asthete. Megaloblast (meg/-al-o-blast) [uéyag, large ; 8%aoTóg, germ]. A giant-cell or giant-corpuscle of the blood. See Corpuscle. - - Megalocardia (meg- al-o- Áar/-de-a/.) [Auéyag, large; Kapòia, heart]. Auxesis, or enlargement of the heart. Megalocarpous (meg-al-o-Aar/-pus) [uéyag, great, large; Kaptăç, fruit]. - fruit. - Megalocelia (meg-al-o-se/-le-āh) [uéyag, large; kothia, belly]. Colon; also megagastria, g. v. Megalocephalia (meg-al-o-seſ-a/-le-ah) [uéyaç, large ; _^ kepañff, head]. The condition of having a large or . megacephalic head. * - N Megalocephalic (meg-al-o-seſ-aſ-ić). cephalic. Megalocephaly(meg-al-o-sef’-a/-e). See Megalocephalia. Megalocerus (meg-al-osſ-er-us) [ušyāş, large; Képaç, horn]. A monstrosity with horn-like projections on the forehead. - Same as Mega- Megalocheirous (meg-a/-o-ki/-rus) [uéyaç, large; reip, hand]. Large-handed ; having large antennae. Megalocornea (meg-a/-o-Kor/-ne-ah) [uéyag, large; cornea, cornea]. An enlarged condition of the cor- nea; it may depend upon congenital hypertrophy. Megalocyte (meg/-al-o-sit) [uéyaç, large ; KüTog, cell]. A red blood-corpuscle larger than the average; es- pecially the form that characterizes pernicious anemia. See Corpuscle. Megalodactylous (meg-al-o-daš/-fil-us) [uéyag, great; Öákrvāog, digit]. Having an abnormal or excessive development and size of the fingers or toes. Megalofrenum (meg-a/-o-fre/-num) [uéyag, large; frac- num, frenum]. An enlarged fourchet (Hadra). Megaloglossia (meg-al-o-glos/-e-ah). Synonym of Mac- zºoglossia. Megalomania (meg-a/-o-ma/-ne-a/.) [Auéyag, great; gavía, madness]. one’s own greatness or exaltation ; applied especially to cases that do not present general paralysis, but a fixed and systematized delusion, or monomania of ex- altation. Megalomelia, Megalomelus (meg-al-o-me/-le-ah, meg- al-om/-el-us) [uéyaç, great; plážog, limb). Fetal tera- tism characterized by great size of the limbs. Megalophonic, Megalophonous (meg-al-o-fo/-nik, meg-al-off’-o-mus). Synonym of Macrophonous. In biology, producing large Insanity with delusional ideas of 737 MEIBOMIAN Megalopia (meg-al-o/-pe-ah). Synonym of Megalopsia. Megalopodia (meg-al-o-po’-de-ah) [uéyaç, large ; Toig, foot]. The condition of having large feet. Megalopore (meg/-a/-o-por) [uéyag (ueya%-), large : Tópoç, a pore or passage]. In biology, any large pore; specifically applied by Moseley to the larger of the pores arranged in more or less definite patterns in the tegmenta of the shells of nearly all chitonidae. Cf. Micropore. Megalopous (még-a/-op/-us). Synonym of Macropous. Megalops (meg/-a/-ops) [uéyag, (pleya?-), large; &n!, eye). In biology, a stage in the development of cer- tain crustaceans, characterized by relatively large eyes. Megalopsia (meg-a/-o/-se-a/.) [uéyag, large; 6 pig, sight]. An apparent increase in the size of objects, ascribed to changes in the retinal end-organs, and to spasm of accommodation. Megaloscope (meg/-a/-o-sköp) [uéyag, great; okoſſeiv, to inspect]. A magnifying endoscope or speculum. Megaloscopy (meg-a/-osſ-Åo-pe) [uéyag, large; Grotein', to inspect]. Inspection by means of the megaloscope. Megalosplanchnos (meg-a/-o-sp/angé'-mos) [uéyag, large ; otAdyzvov, viscus]. Possessing large viscera, especially a large liver. Megalosplenia (meg-al-o-sple/-ne-ah) [uéyag, great; ot??v, spleen]. Enlargement of the spleen. Meganucleus (meg-ah-nu/-Åle-us) [uéyag, large ; mu- cleus, a kernel]. In biology, Maupas' term for the 7tacronzácleus, nucleus, or enedoblast, of authors. Megaphone (meg/-ah-ſon) [uéyag, great; gov%, sound]. An instrument used for assisting the hearing of the deaf, by means of large reflectors of the sound-waves. Megasclere (meg/-ah-såler)[uéyaç, great, large; ak2 mpóg, hard]. In biology, one of the large, skeletal spicules of a Sponge, as distinguished from a microsclere. Megascope (meg/-a/-SAop) [uéyaç, large; oroſſeiv, to in- spect]. A microscope for examining objects of com- paratively large size. Megascopic (meg-ah-skop/-ić). See Macroscopic. Megaseme (meg/-ah-sém) [uéyag, great; ajua, sign, in- dex]. See Index. - Megaspore (meg/-a/-spör) [ué) ag, great, large; Grópog, seed]. Same as Macrospore. Megasthenic (meg-a/-sthen’-74) [uéyag, large; othévoc, strength]. Powerful ; having great bodily strength. Megastoma (meg-ah-sto/-/a/.) [uéyaç, large; otóua, mouth]. A genus of infusorians. M. entericum, M. intestinale, a species found in the intestinal canal of the cat and of certain mice, and in human feces. It is probably identical with Cercomonas infestina/is. Megastomatous (meg-ah-sto/-waſ-res). Synonym of Al/acrostomatozes. Megavolt (meg/-ah-volt). See Blectric Units. Megazoöspore (meg-a2-o’-o-spor) [uéyag, great; (Öon, animal; OTópog, seed]. Same as A/acrocoöspore. Meglin’s Pills. Pills used in the treatment of neural- gia. They contain extract of hyoscyamus, oxid of zinc, and extract of valerian, each 34 of a grain. Megohm (meg/-ām) [uéyag, great; ohm). An electric unit equal to one million ohms. Megrim (me/-grim or meg/-rim) [Fr., migraine. L., ſhemicrania]. Neuralgia or headache of one half of the head or upon one side, sometimes attended by aphasic and visual symptoms and sensory disturbance. See Hemicrania and Aſgraine. Méhu's Test. See 7ests, Zable of: Meibomian (mi-bo'-me-an) [A/eiðomius, a German physician]. Pertaining to Heinrich Meibom, or Mei- bomius, a German physician, 1638–17OO. M. Cyst, a cyst of the Meibomian gland. M. Glands, the se- baceous glands of the eyelids, each having an excre- tory duct opening at the free border. Their secretion 47 MEIBOMIUS prevents the tears from coming in contact with the skin. There are from 30 to 40 in the upper and from 2O to 30 in the lower lid. tº Sº º § sº tº: # ſº iº . * * * .* l * - Đº - # * iº wº sº º # § tºº º * * §§§ º THE LACRYMAL AND MEIBOMIAN GLANDs, AND ADJACENT ORGANS OF THE EYE. I, I. Inner wall of orbit. 2, 2. Inner portion of orbicularis palpebrarum. 3, 3. Attachment to circumference of base of orbit. 4. Orifice fºr transmission of nasal artery. 5. Muscle of Horner (tensor tarsi). 6, 6. Meibomian glands. 7, 7. Orbital portion of lacrymal gland. 8, 9, Io. Palpebral por- tion. II, II. Mouths of excretory ducts. 12, 13. Lacrymal puncta. Meibomius, Cyst of, a cyst of a Meibomian gland. M., Foramen of. See Aoramina, Zable of. M., Glands of. See Glazed. Meigs's Capillaries. Capillaries penetrating the muscle-fibers of the heart. See Capi//ary. M.'s Formula or Mixture, an artificial food closely ap- proaching in composition that of human milk. It con- sists of IO c.c. of cream, 5 c.c. of milk, IO c.c. of lime-water, I5 c.c. of water, and 2.2 grams of milk- sugar. It is alkaline in reaction, and is composed of 88.42, parts water, I I, 58 parts total Solids, 4 parts fat, I. II parts albuminoids, 6.26 parts sugar and O.21 part ash. Meio- (mi/-o-). For words thus beginning, see Mio-. Meissner (mis/-yter). A German anatomist. M., Corpuscles of. See Corpuscles, Zactile, of Wagner. M.'s Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of M.'s Method, a method of inducing premature labor by puncturing the membranes close up to the fundus of the womb to permit of gradual escape of the liquor amnii. M., Plexus of, a plexus of nerves found in the sub- mucous layer of the small intestine. See Plexus. Mel [L. J. Honey. The substance deposited in the honeycomb by the common honey-bee, Apis mel/ſica, and a few other hymenopterous insects. It consists of a solution of cane-sugar and grape-sugar, with color- ing and odorous matters. It is emollient, nutritive, and often laxative, its properties depending mainly on the character of the flowers from which it is taken. It is an excellent vehicle for expectorant gargles, etc. M. boracis, honey of borax; 64 grains of borax to the ounce of honey. M. despumatum, clarified honey, prepared by heating, skimming, and straining the natural product. M. rosae, honey of rose; red rose 8, clarified honey 92 parts, dilute alcohol, 7 s. It is used locally as a gargle. Melada (ſee/-a'-da/.) [Sp., fem. of melar, candy]. A moist brown sugar, produced like the muscovado, but not drained free of molasses. 738 Mºś. º §4. º MELANCHROUS Melagra (me/-a/-gra/) [uéWoç, limb ; Śypa, seizure] Pain or gout in the limbs. Melain (me!’-a-in) [ué%aç, black]. I. The coloring- principle of sepia. 2. A synonym of Melanin. Melaleuca (muel-al-u/-kah). See Cajuput. Melalgia (mel-a/-je-a/) [ué%0c, limb; 3%).og, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the extremities. Melam (me/-am)[ué%aç, black; ammonia], CsPI,N11. A complex cyanid, formed on rapidly heating CNSNH, to 200° C. with ammonium chlorid; it i. is a granular powder, of a yellow color, insoluble *42 in water. Eä Melamin(me/-am-in)[učac,black; amin],C,EI,Nº. § A substance obtained from crude melam by extrac- 8 tion with water. It is nearly insoluble in alcohol and ether, and crystallizes from hot water in shining monoclinic prisms. Melamphonous (mel-am/-fo-nus) [ué%aç, dark; (bovi), voice]. Hoarse-voiced. Melampodium (mel-am-poſ-de-um). See Hellebore, Alacá. - Melampous (mel-am/-pus) [uéAag, black; Toíg, foot]. Black-footed. - - Melanaemia (mel-an-e/-me-ah). See Melanemia. Melanagogue (me/-an/-ag-og) [ué%ag, black; dyoyög, leading]. I. Causing an expulsion of dark feces, or of bile. 2. A remedy that causes the expulsion of dark stools or of bile ; formerly, a medicine of service in the treatment of choler, or melancholy. Melancholia (ºnel-an-Åo'-le-a/)[ué%aç, black; x0%, bile, from a former supposition that it was due to excessive biliary secretion]. Melancholy ; a form of insanity characterized by depression of spirits and gloominess, without any adequate cause, the central idea being one of personal unworthiness. As the case develops, de- lusions, associated with illusions and hallucinations, appear, and the patient may at times show sui- cidal tendencies. The general nutrition suffers, and in females menstruation is usually suppressed. The usual age at which melancholia appears is during middle life. It follows any depressing cause acting in conjunc- tion with a strong hereditary tendency. It usually ter- minates in recovery, but some cases develop into demen- tia or mania, while others die from exhaustion, or com- mit suicide. M. agitans, M. agitata, M., Excited, or M., Motor, melancholia associated with excessive restlessness and mental agony. M. attonita, or M., Stuporous, a form in which the patient is plunged into absolute mental stupor. M., Cataleptic, a form associated with the cataleptic state. M. catatonica. A synonym of Catatonia. M., Delusional, a form in which delusions constitute a prominent feature of the disease. M. erotica, a form caused by disap- pointment in love. M. errabunda, a form accom- panied by great restlessness. M., Homicidal, melancholia with homicidal tendencies. M., Hypo- chondriac, in which the delusions refer mainly to the state of the patient's viscera. M., Hysteric, that due to hysteria. M., Motor. See M. agitans. M., Puerperal, melancholia appearing during the puerperium. M., Resistive, a form in which the extremities are rigid, and this rigidity increases when attempts are made to move them. The patient is ob- stimate in his nature also. M., Simple, the ordinary form. M., Stuporous. See M. attonita. Melancholiac (me/-an-Åo'-le-ak) [ué%aç, black; yoAff, bile]. A person who is affected with melancholia. Melancholic (me/-an-ºo!’-ić) [ué%aç, black; yožň, bile]. Sad; depressed; affected with melancholy. Melancholy (me/-an-Æol-e). See Melancholia. Melanchrous (mel-an/-Arus) [ué%aç, black; Apóg, color of skin]. Affected with melanism. MELANEDEMA Melanedema (mel-an-e de/-ma/) [[LéAaç, black; olómpia, swelling]. Melanosis of the lungs. Melanemia (me/-an-e'-me-a/.) [Aué%ac, black; alga, blood]. The presence in the blood-plasma or in the corpuscles, or in both, of dark pigment-granules due to the disintegration of the hemoglobin. Its most common cause is malaria. If very intense, as in per- nicious forms of malaria, it may give rise to embolism of the capillaries of the brain or other organs. Melanencephaloma (mel-an-en-seſ-al-o'-mah) [ué%aç, black; £yképañog, brain; 6pla, tumor]. A black outgrowth from the brain. Melanephidrosis (mel-an-eſ-id-ro/-sis) [ué%aç, black; éptópoolç, morbid perspiration]. Black perspiration, or a disease characterized by black perspiration. See, also, Chromidrosis. - Melangeur (mel-an-jur/) [Fr.]. The graduated pipet of the hemocytometer. s - Melanic (me/-an/-i}) [ueżavía, blackness]. Charac- terized by, or pertaining to, a dark color, or to mel- anosis. M. Acid, Ciołis0s, a black powder re- sulting from the oxidation of potassium salicylate. It is insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and alkalies. - Melanicterus (mel-an-i}/-fer-us) [ué%aç, black; irrepoc, jaundice]. Black jaundice. Melanidia (mel-an-id/-e-ah). See Miner's Phthisis. Melanilin (ºnel-an/-iſ-in) [Mé%aç, black ; anilin], Cia HaNa. A basic substance obtained from cyano- gen chlorid and dry anilin. Melanin (me/-an-in) [ué%aç, black]. I. A black pig- mentary matter occurring naturally in the choroid coat of the eye, the skin, the hair, the muscles, and, patho- logically, in the skin in Addison's disease and in melanotic tumors. Melanin usually contains sulphur, more rarely iron. From its origin, being a product of cell-activity, it is classed as a metabolic pigment. It is generally soluble in hot alkalies and in hot acids, and its solutions are bleached by chlorin. 2. Specifically applied by Danilewsky to the pigment seen in the hematozoa of men and animals, and formed by these intracellular parasites from the hemoglobin of the red blood-corpuscles which they inhabit. Melanism (me/-am-izm) [ué%aç, black]. In biology, the abnormal development of dark pigments in an organism. Melano-cancroid (mel-an-o-Kang’-Åroid). Synonym of Al/elano-carcinoma. - Melano-carcinoma (mel-an-o-kar-sin-o’-mah) [ué%aç, black; Kapkivopla, carcinoma]. Melanotic carcinoma. Melano-chlorosis (mel-an-o-klo-ro/-sis) [ué%aç, black; 2:20póg, green]. Chlorosis in which the skin has a blackish-green hue. Also the same as Melanicterus. Melanoëhroic, Melanochroous (mel-an-o-Aro/-ić, meſ. an-ok'-ro-us) [ué%aç, black; Apóa, color]. Having a dark color or complexion. Melanocomous (mel-an-o.8/-o-mus) [ué%aç, Kóplm, hair]. Black-haired. Melanocyte (me/-an-o-sit) [ué%ac, black; kitoc, cell]. Any wandering lymph-cell that has become dis- colored by the absorption of dark pigment-granules. Melanoderma (me/-an-o-der’-mah), Melanodermia (mel-an-o-der’-me-ah) [ué%aç, black; déppa, skin]. Black pigmentation or discoloration of the skin. M., Parasitic. See Vagabond’s Disease. Melanogen (mel-an/-o-jen) [melanin, from ué%aç, black; yeuvâv, to produce]. A material that becomes converted into melanin on the reception of the appro- priate stimulus. Melanoid (me/-an-oid) [ué%ac, black; elóoc, like]. Dark-colored; resembling melanosis, - Melano-leukemia (me/-an-o-lu-'ºe/-me-ah)[ué%aç, black; black ; 739 MELASMA A&vkóg, white; aſſia, blood]. Melanemia in associa- tion with leukemia. -- Melanoma (mel-an-o’-mah) [uežávoſſa, from påZag, black; 6/1a, tumor: pl. , Melanomata]. I. A disease marked by the development and growth of black or dark-colored tubercles within the tissues of the vis- cera. 2. Any tumor containing or characterized by dark pigment. Melanomyces (me/-an-o-mi/-sèz) [uéZac, black; putºmº, fungus]. A black fungous growth. Melanopathy (me/-an-op/-ath-e), Melanopathia (me/. an-o-path/-e-a/) [ué%aç, black; Tráfloc, illness]. A disease attended with increase or deepening of the normal pigmentation of a part. Melanophthalmous (me/-an-off-tha/- mus) [uážac, black; 64.6a7/16c, eyel. Black-eyed; having a melan- oma of the eye. - Melanophyl (me/- an - o-fi/) [ué2aç, black; ºf 220y, leaf J. A black substance extracted from green leaves by means of hydrochloric acid and ether. Melanorrhagia (me/-an-or-a/-je-a/.) [uézac, black; Amyvival, to burst forth]. The copious discharge of blackened feces. Melanorrhea (me/-an-or-e'-ah) [ſué2aç, black; hoia, a flow]. Synonym of Melena. Also, a genus of the Anacardiaceae. M. usitata, M. usitatissima, the black-varnish tree. Melano-sarcoma (me/-an-o-sar-Ao’-mah)[uéZac, black; aăpă, flesh; 6p1a, tumor]. Melanotic sarcoma. Melano-scirrhus (me/ an -o-skir/-irs) [uéAac, black; okuhhög, hard]. A form of scirrhous carcinoma char- acterized by pigmentation. Melanose (me/-an-ás) [pezávogic, a becoming black]. A disease of grape-vines caused by the fungus Sep- foria pelina. Melanosis (mel-an-o’-sis)[ué%aç, black; vöaoc, disease]. A general tendency to the formation in the blood, and the deposition in the skin, or in organs, of a dark pig- ment. M. lenticularis progressiva. See Xeroderma Aigmentosum. Melanosity (me/-an-osſ-if-e) [ſuážac, black; vöcog, dis- ease]. The condition of being melanous; darkness, as of hair, eyes, or skin. Melanospongus (me/- an -o-sponſ-gus). Al/elanomyces. Melanothanatos (me/-an-o-than/-aſ-os). See Plagaze. Melanotic (me/-an-of/-ić) [ué%aç, black; vögog, disease]. Pertaining to melanosis. Melanotrichous (me/- an - off-rić - us) [uážaç, black; 6piš, hair]. Black-haired. Melanous (me/-an-us) [ué%ac (ue?ar), black]. In ethnology, applied to races with black hair and dark- brown or blackish skins. One of the two divisions of the Al/elanochro; according to Huxley's classification. Cf. Xanthome/azzous. Melanuresis (me/-an-at-re/-sis), Melanuria (me/-an-ae'- re-a/) [ué%aç, black ; oipov, urine]. The presence of black pigmentary substance in the urine, or the dis- order associated with it. Melanotic tumors are in some way related to this condition. Melanuric (mel-an-º’-rić) [ué%aç, black; oipor, urine]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, melanuria. Melanurin (mel-on-tº-rin) [ué%aç, black; otpov, urine]. A dark pigment found in the urine in melanuria; it is sometimes associated with the presence in the body of melanotic tumors. Melas (mel/-as) [ué%ac, black]. Black. Melasicterus (meſ-as-ik/-fer-us) [ué2aç, black; irrepoſ, jaundice]. Same as A/e/anicterus. Melasma (me/-a2/-mah) [uéâaç, black]. Any morbid, dark discoloration of the skin. M., Suprarenal. Same as Addison's Disease. M. Addisonii, Addi. Synonym of MELASMIC son’s disease. M. palpebrarum, the pigmentation about the eyelids observed in pregnancy and in cer- tain nervous disorders. M. uterinum, melasma due to uterine disease. Melasmic (me/-a2/-mić) [ué%aç, black]. or characterized by melasma. Melastearrhea (mel-as-te-ar-e'-a/). Synonym of Chro- midrosis. Melatrophy (me/-at’-ro-ſe) [uéWoç, limb; atpopia, lack of nutrition]. Wasting of the limbs. . Melaxanthous (me/-aks-an/-//eus) [ué%aç, black; Śav06, yellow]. Black and yellow. Meldometer (me/-dom/-et-er) [ué%óelv, to melt; piérpov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the melting- points of metals, minerals, and other substances. Meleagra (mel-e-a/-grah). Synonym of Melagra. Melebiose (mel-eb/-e-às) [ué%t, honey], C12H22O11. One of the sugars produced in the hydrolysis of melitriose. See Carbohydrates, Zable of. Meleguetta Pepper. See Grains of Paradise. Melem (me/-em) [ué%aç, black], CsPIgMio. A complex cyanid. Melena (mel-e'-mah) [ué%aç, black]. The evacuation of tar-like stools due to the presence therein of altered blood. It is met with in a number of diseases, and often follows a profuse attack of hemoptysis. Also, a name given to the so-called black vomit, M. cholaea, same as Melanicterus. M. neonatorum, an extravasation of blood into the stomach and intestines of the new- born infant, occurring most often in the first few hours of life. It is due to duodenal ulcer, hemophilia, or some congenital defect increasing the intra-abdominal blood-pressure. Melenagogue (mel-en/-ag-og) [melaena ; pié%aç, black; âyoyög, leading]. A remedy for, or medicine useful in, melena. Melene (me/-èn) [mel, honey], Cao Hso. An alkylen or olefin obtained from ordinary wax ; it melts at 62° C. Melenemesis (mel-en-em/-es-is) [ué%ac, black; Šueag, Pertaining to vomiting]. Black vomit. Melenic (mel-en/-ić) [ué%aç, black]. Pertaining to melena. Meleno-diarrhea (me/-en-o-di-ar-e'-a/). Synonym of Melena. Melenorrhagia (mel-en-or-a/-je-ah). Synonym of A/e/enza. Melezibiose (me/-ez-ib/-e-às), Melezitose (mel-ez/-it-ös) [Fr., meleze, larch], CisſissC16 + 2 H2O. A carbo- hydrate that occurs in the juice of Pinus larix, and closely resembling cane-sugar. It is distinguished from the latter by its greater rotatory power, and in not be- ing so sweet to the taste. It melts at 148° F. See Carbo/ydrates, Table of Melia (me/-/e-a/). See Azedłrach. Meliasmus (me-le-ag/-mus). Synonym of Glanders. Melibiose (me/-iö/-e-às). Synonym of Melečiose. Melicera, Meliceris (mel-is-e/-ra/, me/- is - e^- ris) [umātkmpic; på%t, honey; Kmpóc, wax]. Honey-cyst. A term loosely applied to any cystic tumor whose con- tents have a honey-like appearance; a cyst that has undergone colloid degeneration, the contents be- ing changed into a more or less hyaline, thick, honey- like liquid. See Mol/uscum com/agiostºn. Meliceria (ºnel-is-e'-re-a/) [ué%t, honey; Kmpóg, wax]. The thick gelatinous substance found in certain tumors. Meliceric (me/-is-er/-i/) [ué%t, honey; Kmpóc, wax]. Pertaining to meliceris. Meliceroma (mel-is-er-o/-ſnah). Synonym of Melicers. Melicerous (me/-is/-er-us). Synonym of Me/iceric. Melicerum (me/-is-e'-rum). See Meliceris. Melichrous (ºne/-ik-rus) [ué%t, honey; Apóg, color]. Honey-colored. 740 MELLIN’S FOOD Melilot (me/-il-of) [ué%t, honey; Woróg, lotus]. Any plant of the genus Medioſus. Melilotic Acid (me/-il-o/-ić). See Acid. Melilotus (me/-il-o'-(us) [ſué%l, honey; Moróg, lotus]. A genus of leguminous herbs. M. officinalis, yel- low melilot and other species (M. carulea, and other varieties) are official in various European countries. Melilotus is diuretic, anodyne, and expectorant. It contains Coumarin, 7. v. , the powdered leaves are used in Switzerland for flavoring Chapziger cheese. Melinephidrosis (mel-in-ºf-id-ro/-sis) ſuffWivog, quince- colored ; Śpiópoolg, perspiration]. The excretion of a yellow sweat. It occurs in several infectious fevers in which the blood is profoundly altered, in jaundice, and after the excessive ingestion of rhubarb. Meliphagous (mel-if”-ag-us) [ué%t, honey; payeiv, to eat]. In biology, feeding upon honey; mellivorous. Melissa (mel-is/-a/.) [ué%tooa, a bee]. A genus of labiate plants. The leaves and tops of M. officinalis, lemon-balm, containing tannin, a bitter extractive, and an essential oil. It is a mild diaphoretic, but is employed chiefly as a flavor. Melissyl (mel-is/-ī/) [ué%tooa, a bee; iWm, matter], Cso Hs. A hypothetic radicle occurring in many waxy compounds. It is also called myricſ/. Melitagra (me/-it-a/-gra/) [uéWog, limb; &ypa, seizure]. Any arthritic or rheumatic pain in the limbs. Melitagra (me/-it-a/-gra/.) [ujāov, cheek; &ypa, seiz- ure]. Eczema of the face. Melitagra (me/-it-a/-gra/) [ué%t, honey; dypa, seizure]. The name given to the honey-like crusts sometimes seen in Impetigo figurata. Melitemia (mel-it-e'-me-ah) [ué%t, honey; aipia, blood]. The presence of an excess of sugar in the blood. Melithemia (me/-īth-e'-me-ah). See Melitemia. Melithyperuria (me/-ith-ip-er-u/-re-ah) [uéât, honey; iTép, over; oipov, urine]. Diabetes mellitus. Melitis (mel-i/-tis) ſuffāov, cheek; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a cheek. Melitismus (mel-it-iz'-mus) [ueWittopičg, from pié%t, honey]. The use of honey in medicine; an electuary of honey for cough in children. Melitoptyalismus (me/-it-o-ti-a/-äz/-mus) [uéât, honey; Trría?ov, saliva.]. The production of melitoptyalon. Melitoptyalon (ºnel-it-o-ti’-a/-on)[ué%t, honey; Trúažov, saliva.]. A saliva containing glucose said to be secreted by persons suffering from hectic fever. Melitose (me/-it-ös) [ué%t, honey], CisłIs,Ole -- 5H,- O. Raffinose, melitriose. A carbohydrate occurring in large quantity in Australian manna, flour of cotton- seeds, in Small amounts in sugar-beets, and in the molasses in sugar-manufacture. It crystallizes in needles, which are more soluble in water and less in alcohol than cane-sugar. It is more strongly dextro- rotatory than cane-sugar, and does not reduce Fehling's solution, but is easily fermented by yeast. See Carbo- /hydrates, Table of. Melitriose (me/-itſ-re-os). See Melitose. Melituria (me/-it-u/-re-ah) [ué%t, honey; oipov, urine]. Diabetes mellitus. M. inosita, the presence of inosite in the urine. Melleous (me/-e-us) Honey-like. Mellifavium (mel-if-a/-ve-um). Synonym of Meliceris. Melliferous (me/-if”-er-us) [mel, honey; ferre, to bear]. Producing or carrying honey. Mellific (me/-äf/-ä) [mel, honey; facere, to make]. I’roducing honey. Melligerous (me/-ij/-er-us). See Melliſic. Mellimid (me/-im-id). See Paramid. Mellin's Food. A variety of Liebig’s food for infants. Its composition is: Water 5. O, fat O. I5, grape-sugar [muelleus, from mel, honey]. MELLITA 44.69, cane-sugar 3.51, starch none, soluble carbo- hydrates 85.44, albuminoids 5.95, ash I.89. Mellita (mel-i/-tah) [uéât, honey]. Pharmaceutic pre- parations known as honeys. They consist of honey, either natural, clarified, or flavored. There are three officinal mellita. Mellitaemia (me/-it-e'-me-ah). See Melitemia. Mellite (me/-it). See Mellitic Acid. Mellithemia (mel-ith-e'-me-ah). See Melitemia. Mellitic Acid (mel-it/-ić). See Acid. Mellituria (mel-it-u/-re-ah). See Melituria. Mellivorous (mel-iv-o-rus) [mel, honey; vorare, to devour]. In biology, feeding upon honey; melipha- gous. Mellogen (me/-o-jen) [ué%t, honey; yevvāv, to produce], Cli H2O. An amorphous, shiny substance obtained in the electrolysis of distilled water. It is infusible, solu- ble in hot water and in alkalies, insoluble in most min- eral acids and other solvents; it possesses coloring properties. Mellon (me/-on), C, HaNo. A complex cyanid pro- duced on igniting ammonium sulphocyanid, melam, and other substances. It is a yellow insoluble powder. Mellonic Acid (mel-on/-ić). Synonym of Mellon, and also of Hydromellonic Acid. Mellophanic Acid (mel-o-fan/-ić). See Acid. Melocactus (mel-o-ka/-tus) [uffāov, melon; kákTog, prickly plant]. A genus of the cactus family (Cac- taceae). M. communis, melon thistle, Turk's cap, Englishman’s or Pope's head. A West Indian species possessing edible fruits. . It is expectorant and anti- syphilitic. Melocampyle (mel-o-kam/-pil) [ué20c, limb ; Kapatížm, crooked staff]. Deformity of the limbs from bending. Melodidymus (mel-o-did’’-im-us) [ué%0ſ, limb; dióvuoc, double]. A monstrosity with double limbs. Melo- didymi are twins united by the limbs. Melomania (mel-o-ma/-me-ah) [uéAog, song; plavia, madness]. Inordinate devotion to music. Melomaniac (mel-o-ma/-ne-aft) [uéWoº, song; plavia, madness]. One who is affected with melomania. Melomelia (me/-o-me/-le-ah). See Melomeleſs. Melomelus %. -el-tes) to: limb]. Melomelia; a form of double monster in which rudimentary limbs are attached at the point of junction of the normal limbs. Meloncus (mel-ong”-kus) [uſ;20v, cheek; bykoç, tumor]. A tumor of the cheek. - Melon-seed Bodies. Gelatinous bodies, somewhat resembling melon-seeds, found in joints and tendon- sheaths. The method of their origin is in dispute. They are also known as 7-ice-like bodies. Meloplastic (mel-o-plas/-tić) ſuffWov, cheek; Tââooetv, to form]. Pertaining to meloplasty. Meloplasty (me/-o-plas-fe) [uiàov, cheek; Thäooetv, to form]. The operation of engrafting or forming a new growth of tissue upon the cheek, in repair of an injury. Melos (me/-los) [uéWoç, a limb]. Melosalgia (mel-os-a/-je-ah). Meloschisis (mel-os/-/-is-is) Limb. See Melalgia. [uñāov, cheek; oxiotç, cleft]. A congenital cleft of the cheek. Melosis (me-lo/-sis) ſuffWm, probe]. The process of probing. Melotridymus (mel-o-frid'-im-us) [ušāoc, limb; Tpíðv- uoc, threefold]. A fetal monstrosity with three pairs of limbs. Melotris (mel-o'-tris) ſuffām, probe; otic, ear]. An aural probe. Melt [ME., melten, to melt]. I. means of heat. 2. The spleen of animals. properly miſt, 7, v. To liquefy by More 741 Mémbral (mem/-bral) [membrum, limb]. MEMBRANA Melting (mel/-ing) [ME., melten, to melt]. Liquefy- ing by means of heat. M.-point, the degree of temperature at which solids pass into the liquid State. Melustum (mel-us/-tum) [mel, honey; usium, from urere, to burn]. Molasses. Memba Yaw (mem/-ba/, yaw) [for remember-yaw]. A yaw or frambesial excrescence occurring long after the primary attack of the yaws is over. See Yazvs. Member (mem/-ber) [membrum, a limb]. A part of the body, especially a projecting part, having a distinct function, as the legs, the arms, the tail, the penis. M., Abdominal, one of the hind or lower limbs. M., Pelvic, M., Posterior, one of the hind or lower limbs. M., Thoracic, one of the fore or upper limbs. M., Virile, the penis. Membra (mem/-brah) [L.]. Plural of Membrum. Pertaining to a limb or member. Membrana (mem-bra/-mah) [L.; pl., Membrande]. A membrane. M. adiposa, the subcutaneous fatty layer. M. adventitia, the adventitia ; also, the decidua re- flexa. M. agnina, the amnion. M. anterioris elastica. See Lamina, Ælastic. M. basilaris. See Alamizza basilaris. M. caduca, the decidua. M. capsularis, a capsular ligament. M. carnosa : I. The platysma myoides. 2. The dartos. M. cellulosa; I. The decidua. 2. Adipose tissue. M. ceratodes, the cornea. M. coronae ciliaris, zonule of Zinn. M. coronoides, the iris. M. corticalis, the vitelline membrane. M. crassa, the decidua reflexa. M. crib- riformis, the decidua. M. cribrosa: I. The decidua vera. 2. The septum crurale. M. decidua. See Decidua. M. dentata, the ligamentum denticulatum. See Ligament. M. dermatodes, the dura. M. ex- terna, the vitelline membrane. M. filamentosa, the decidua reflexa. M. flaccida. See Shrapne//’s Membrane. M. foraminalis, the iris. M. ger- minativa, the blastoderm. M. granulosa, the layer of small polyhedral cells within the theea folliculi of the Graafian follicle. M. intermedia, the mesoblast; also, the layer of gelatinous tissue between the amnion and chorion. M. intestinalis, the allantois, g. v. M. Jacobi. See Memôrame, /acob’s. M. laminosa, the membrane covering the fetal surface of the placenta after removal of the amnion. It is the atrophied allan- tois. M. limitans, the limiting layer of the retina. There are two of these, the interna and externa, which are derived from either extremity of the fibers of Müller. M. limitans interna, applied by His to the layer formed in the developing spinal cord by the ental or central ends of the spongioblasts which later become the endyma. M. localis, the pia. M. media, the endochorion, g. v. M. media cerebri, the arachnoid. M. medullaris, the endyma. M. mollis, the pia, M. neurium, the epineurium, Q. v. M. nictans, M. nictitans. See Al/embrane, AVictitating. M. pellucida, the amnion, g. v. M. pigmenta, the uvea iridis. M. prolifera, the blas- todermic membrane. M. proligera. See Discus pro- Zigerus. M. propria, the delicate membrane upon which the epithelium of membranes, especially mucous membranes, rests; the basement membrane. M. propria cerebri, the pia. M. pupillaris. See Memôrane, Pupillary. M. putaminis, the second- ary envelop of a bird’s egg; a fibrous mem- brane secreted in successive laminae, covering the entire egg and albumen. M. pyogena. See Al/eſ//- Örane, Pyogenic. M. Quadrangularis, a fibrous membrane extending from the epiglottis to the aryte- noid cartilages, as far as the free edge of the ary-epi- MEMBRAN ACEOUS 74 glottic folds. M. ruyschiana, the middle or capillary layer of the choroid. M. semilunaris conjunctivae. See Memôrane, AVictitating. M. serotina, that part of the decidua which enters into the formation of the placenta. M. sinuosa, M. spongiosa, the decidua. M. tectoria, a delicate membrane of the internal ear, extending from the upper lip of the limbus above the sulcus spiralis and the organ of Corti as far as the last row of the outer hair cells. It is also known as Corti's membrane. M. tensa, the tympanic mem- brane proper, exclusive of Shrapnell’s membrane. M. tenuis, the arachnoid. M. tympani. See Mem- brane, Zympanic. M. tympani, Artificial. See A/embrane, Tympanic. M. tympani secundaria. See Membrane, Secondary Zympanic. M. urinaria, the allantois. M. vasculosa cerebri, the pia. M. vibrans. Synonym of M. ſensa. M. virginalis, the hymen. M. vocalis, the portion of the laryngeal mucosa investing the vocal bands. Membranaceous (mem-bran-a/-ce-us) [membranaceus, from membrum, member]. Pertaining to, consisting of, or of the nature of, a membrane. Membrane (mem/-brān) [membrana, from membrum, member]. In anatomy, a term applied to almost any thin, enveloping or lining substance. In the plural it usually signifies the fetal membranes. M., Adven- titious. See Adventifia. M., Albugineous. See Albuginea. M., Amphiblestroid, the retina. M., Animal, a membrane made from animal tissues, used in dialyzing; also, in the plural, the fetal membranes. M., Arachnoid. See Arachnoid. M. of Arnold, the pigmented layer of the iris. M. of Ascherson. See AZ., Aſap/ogenous. M., Bacillar. See /l/., Jacob’s. M., Basement or Basal, in histology, a delicate membrane, made up of flattened cells, and underlying the epithelium of the mucous surfaces. M.-bone, any bone that originates, not in cartilage, but in mem- brane, such as some of the cranial and facial bones. M., Bowman's. See Bozyman. M. of Bruch, a thin, transparent, homogeneous membrane, the external or vitreous lamina of the choroid of the eye. M., Caducous, the decidua. M., Cell, the mem- brane surrounding a cell; the cell-wall. M. of Corti. See Aſſemórazza ſectoria. M., Costo-cora- coid, a dense layer of fascia extending between the subclavius muscle and the pectoralis minor, and form- ing the anterior portion of the sheath of the axillary vessels. brane connecting the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx. M., Croupous. See M., Diphtheric. M., Debove's, a deep, germinal layer of flattened cells in the mucosa of the trachea and extra- pulmonary bronchi. M. of Descemet. See Descemet's Memôrane. M., Diphtheric, a fibrinous layer formed on the surface of mucous membranes and extending downward for a variable depth. It is due to a process of coagulation-necrosis. The most com- mon cause of its formation is the bacillus of diph- theria; irritant poisons also may produce it. M., Drum. Synonym of the tympanic membrane. M., Elastic, a membrane largely composed of elastic fibrous tissue. M., Elytroid, the fibers of the cremaster muscle covering the testicle. M., False. See M., Diph- theric. M., Fenestrated. See Fenestrated Mem- Örame of //en/e. M., Fetal, a name given to the chorion, amnion, and allantois. M., Germinal, the blastoderm. M., Glassy, the hyaloid mem- brane. M., Granular. See Memôrazza grazezelosa. M., Haptogenous, a delicate albuminous pellicle supposed to envelop the fat-globules of milk and of other fluids containing fat and albumin. M., Homo- geneous, a delicate layer of connective tissue cover- M., Crico-thyroid, the triangular mem- MEMBRANE ing the placental villi. M., Huxley's, a sheath peculiar to hair and surrounding the proximal part of the shaft. M., Hyaloid, a delicate areolar membrane investing the vitreous humor of the eye. M., Inor- ganic, a membrane used in dialyzing fluids; it is composed of silicic acid. M., Internal, the endyma, Q. v. M., Interosseous, a thin aponeurosis of parallel fibers extending between contiguous borders of the tibia and fibula, and the ulna and radius. M., Jacob's, the layer of rods and cones of the retina, M., Krause's, a thin, transverse, dark disc bisecting the light substance of the striped muscle fibers; it divides the fibers into muscular compartments. M., Meconic, a layer within the rectum of the fetus, supposed to invest the mecomium. M., Mucous, the continuation of the skin lining those internal cavities and organs exposed to or communicating with the air. It is kept moist by the mucus secreted by the goblet- cells and mucous glands. M. of Nasmyth, a delicate but firm membrane covering the ectal surface of the enamel for a short time after birth. M., Nictitating, the plica or third eyelid, a mucous fold at the nasla canthus of the eyes of birds and certain quadrupeds. M., Nuclear, the membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell. M., Obturator, the fibrous membrane clos- ing the obturator foramen. M., Olfactory. See M., Schneideriazz. M., Ovular. See M., Pite//ime. M., Perforated (of Aenſe), the ental elastic layer of an artery. M., Perifibril, a special membrane surround- ing the skeletal threads of some sponges (Chalinza/a); it is composed of epithelial cells, either transparent or deeply-colored with granules (Hyatt). M., Perio- dontal, a fibrous layer covering the cement of teeth. M.; Pharyngeal, the oral plate separating the primi- tive oral and pharyngeal cavities in the embryo. It is formed of an anterior ectodermic and posterior entoder- mic layer. M., Pituitary. Same as AZ., Schneiderian. M., Primary, the basement membrane. M., Pre- formation, a doubtful membrane supposed to cover the dentine papilla. M., Proligerous. See Discus proligerus. M., Pseudo. See M., Diphtheric. M., Pupillary, a delicate, transparent membrane closing the pupil in the fetus. It disappears between the seventh and eighth months. M., Pyogenic, the fibrous membrane forming the lining of abscess-cavities; instead of being a pus-producing membrane, it is really a protective layer, limiting the spread of the abscess, although it may form pus under certain circumstances. M., Pyophylactic, a term sug- gested by Roswell Park for the so-called “pyogenic membrane.” M., Reichert’s. See AZ., Bozeman’s. M. of Reissner, a delicate membrane stretching across the outer wall of the cochlea. M., Reticular, the membrane covering the space of the outer hair- cells of the cochlea. M. of Ruysch. See Membrama ruyschiana. M., Schneiderian, the mucosa lin- ing the nasal fossae. M. of Schwann. See AVeterilemma. M., Serous, a delicate membrane covered with flat endothelial cells lining closed cavities of the body, e.g., the peritoneum, the pleura. M., Shell. See Membrana Żufaminis. M., Shrapnell's, a small portion of the drum-membrane filling the notch of Rivini. It differs from the re- mainder of the drum-membrane in that it contains none of the fibrous tissue proper to the drum. It is also called Membrana ſaccida. M., Synovial, a membrane covering the articular extremities of bones and the inner surface of ligaments entering into the for- mation of a joint. M., Tectorial. See Membrana tectoria. M., Tenon's. See Tenon's Capsule. M., Thyro-hyoid, the broad membrane joining the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone. M., Tubular, MEMBRANEOUS the neurilemma, g. v. M., Tympanic, the mem- brane separating the external from the middle ear. It consists of three layers: an ectal or skin layer, a fibrous layer, and an ental layer like that lining the middle ear. M., Undulator, a delicate mem- brane uniting the spinal filament to the body and tail of the spermatozoön. M., Utero-epichorial, the decidua vera. M., Vascular (of the eye), the choroid, 7. v. M., Vestibular. A'eissner. M., Virginal, the hymen, 7. v. M., Vi- tellary, M., Vitelline, the true cell-membrane of the ovum, lying within the zona pellucida. M., Vitreous, the membrane of Descemet; also the basement membrane of a hair-follicle. M., Wachen- dorf’s, the papillary membrane. M., Yolk. Same as M., Vitelline. M., Zinn's. See Zonule of Zinn. Membraneous (mem-bra/-me-us). See Membranous. Membraniform (mem-bran/-iſ-orm). See Aſſembranous. Membranine (mem/-bran-in). See Membranous. Membrano-carneous (mem-bran/-o-kar/-me-us) [mem- brana, membrane; caro, flesh]. Of a membranous and fleshy structure. Membranocranium (mem-bran-o-Ara/-me-um) [mem- brana, membrane; ºpaviov, skull]. The membran- ous skull of the fetus, prior to ossification. Membranogenic (mem-bran-o-jen’-ić) [ueuffpéva, parchment membrane; Yevåg, producing]. In biology, having a tendency to form a membrane or a mem- branous growth. - * Membranoid (mem-bran-oid") [membrama, membrane; eldog, like]. Resembling membrane. Membranology (mem-bran-o/-o-je) [membrana, mem- brane; Wóyog, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the membranes of the body. Membranosus (memi-bran-o/-sus) [membrana, mem- brane]. Membranous. M., Semi-, one of the hamstring muscles. See Muscles, Table of Membranous (mem/-bran-us) [membranosus, mem- branous]. Having the nature of, or characterized by, a membrane. In biology, applied to an organ or part that is flattened, thin and flexible. M. Labyrinth. See Zabyrinth, M. Urethra, the part of the urethra between the two layers of the triangular ligament. Membranula, Membranule (mem-bran/-at-lah, mem- bran/-äl) [dim. of membrana, membrane]. A small membrane. In biology, specifically applied to a portion of the wing of certain insects. Membranulet (mem-bran/-u-let). Same as Membran- tula. Membrosus (mem-bro/-sus) [membrum, limb]. ing a large penis. Membrum (mem/-brum) [L. : pl., Membra]. Same as Member. M. muliebre, the clitoris. M. seminale, M. virile, the penis. Memory (mem/-o-re) [memoria, a recalling]. That faculty of the mind that enables one to recall ideas, events, and the images of objects that have produced Hav- sensation. M., Loss of. See Amnesia. Menagogue (men/-ag-agº). Synonym of Emmena- gogºte. Menatechenzie (men-at-ek-en/-ge). See Palmus. Mendel's Convolution. See Convolutions, Table of Mendelejeff’s Classification. See Element. Mendosus (men-do/-sus) [mendax, false]. False; ap- plied to certain incomplete parts, as the floating ribs. Menelcosis (men-el-Ko’-sis) [uijvec, menses; É%Rootſ, ulceration]. Ulceration of the leg, with vicarious menstruation from the sore. Menellipsis (men-el-ipº-sis) a falling off]. Menopause. Menes (men/-3g) (uffvec, menses]. Menses. Menhaden Oil (men-ha/-dn) [a corruption of the In- [uffvég, menses; £72&tºpic, Same as M. of 43 MENINGO-CEPHALITIS dian mummawhatteaugj. An oil obtained from the Alosa menhaden, a kind of herring. It is used in soap-making and in tanning, and, when pure, as a sub- stitute for cod-liver oil. Menhidrosis, Menidrosis (mem-hid-ro/-sis, men-id- ro/-sis) ſuffvec, menses; topogºg, sweat]. A form of vicarious menstruation said to consist in monthly excess of sweat, sometimes sanguineous, instead of the menstrual flow. Ménière's Disease. A disease or injury probably of the semicircular canals, characterized by nausea, vom- iting, vertigo, deafness, tinnitus aurium, and other phenomena. It is called also aural or auditory ver- tigo. See Diseases, Table of Meningarthrocace (men-in-gar-ſhroº/-as-e) membrane; āpffoov, joint; Kakóc, evil]. tion of joint-membranes. Meningeal (men-in/-je-al) ſuffviyā, membrane]. Per- taining to any membrane of the brain or myel, especi- ally the dura. Meninges (men-in/-jez) ſpl. of uffvtyś, membrane]. A name applied to the membranes of the brain and myel, the dura, pia, and arachnoid. M., Lepto-, the pia and arachnoid. Meningina (men-in-ji’-mah) [uffvlyś, membrane]. The pia and arachnoid considered as the proper meninges, and apart from the dura; the pia-arachnoid. Meninginitis (men-in-jin-i/-täs) [uffvlyś, membrane; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the meningina; leptomeningitis. Meningitic (men-in-jit'-ié) [uffvy: , membrane]. taining to, or affected with, meningitis. Meningitis (men-in-ji’-ſis) [um'ty;, membrane; ſtic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or cord; that of the dura is termed pachy- meningitis, that of the pia-arachnoid, leptomeningi- tis. M., Acute. See Zeptomeningitis. M., Ascend- ing, a form that begins in the membranes of the lower cord and ascends. M., Basilar. See M., Tuberculous. M., Cerebral, M., Cerebro-spinal, a form affecting the membranes of the brain, and those of the cord and brain respectively. It is usually epi- demic. M. of the Convexity, simple leptomeningitis. M., Epidemic. Synonym of Fever, Cerebro-spina/. M., Granular, the same as M., Zhuberculous. M., ſuffviyā, Inflamma- Per- Malignant. Synonym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. M., Rhachidian. Synonym of AZ., Spina/. M., Scrofulous. See M., Tuberculous. M., Septic, that due to an infectious process. M. siderans, a ful- minant, rapidly fatal form of cerebro-spinal fever. M., Simple, that not due to tuberculosis or sepsis. M., Spinal, meningitis of the membranes of the spinal cord. M., Syphilitic, meningitis due to syphilis. M., Traumatic, that following injury to the skull or spinal column. M., Tuberculous, inflammation of the pia of the brain, with effusion of lymph and pus, caused by the deposit of miliary tubercles upon its surface or into its substance. M., Typhoid. Syn- onym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. - Meningitophobia (men-in-gif-o-fo/-be-ah) [ujvºys, membrane; ſtic, inflammation; 06Boc, fear]. An exaggerated fear of meningitis when the disease is epi- demic, sometimes leading to the development of the symptoms of the disease. Meningocele (men-in/-go-sel) [uñvrys, membrane; ), tumor]. A tumor composed of cerebral or spinal membranes containing fluid, and perhaps nerve-tissue, protruding from an anomalous opening in the cranium or spinal column, usually covered by skin, but some. times exposed by cutaneous defect. Meningo-cephalitis (men-in/-go-sef-al-iſ-tis). Meningo-emcephalitis. See MENINGO-CEREBRITIS Meningo-cerebritis (men -in/-go-ser-e-bri/-tis). See Meningo-emcephalitis. Meningococcus (men-in/-go-kok/-us) [uffvyš, mem: brane; KóRKoç, coccus]. A name for the supposed coccus, or microbe, of cerebro-spinal fever. See Mi- crococcus intercellularis meningitidis under Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Meningo-encephalitis (men-in/-go- en -seſ- al-ā'-tis) [uffviyº, membrane ; Śvképažov, brain; trug, inflamma- tion]. An inflammation of the brain and its mem- branes. - Meningo-ependymitis (men-in/-go-ep-en-dim-i/-tis) [uñvy: , membrane; Štrévôvpia, ependyma ; trug, in- flammation]. Meningitis with inflammation of the ependyma, a condition seen in adult hydrocephalus. Meningo-gastralgia (ment-in/-go-gas-tra/-je-ah) [uffv- tyś, membrane; Yao Tàp, stomach; &Wyog, pain]. A painful condition of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Meningo-gastric (men-in/-go-gas/-trik) [uffvlyś, mem- brane, yao Tàp, stomach]. Pertaining to the mem- branes of the stomach. Meningo-gastritic (men-in/-go-gas-frit'-ić) [uffvly;, membrane; Yaothp, stomach; trug, inflammation]. Pertaining to meningo-gastritis. Meningo-gastritis (men-in/-go-gas-tri/-tis) [uffvlyś, membrane; Yaothp, stomach; trug, inflammation]. I. Inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach. 2. Meningitis associated with gastritis. Meningo-malacia (men -in/-go-mal-a/-se-ah) [uffvty;, membrane; pla/akia, softness]. A softening of the cerebral or spinal meninges, or other membranes. Meningomyces (men-in-go-mi/-sèz) [uffvty;, mem- brane; plikmg, fungus). Fungosity of the meninges. Meningo-myelitis (men -in/-go-mi-el-i/-tis) [uffvlyś, membrane ; uvé26g, marrow ; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the myel and its meninges. Meningo-myelocele (men-in/-go-mi’-el-o-sel) [uſivtyś, membrane ; uve?óg, marrow ; KäAm, tumor]. A tumor containing a portion of the myel, with its enveloping meninges. Meningophylax (men-in-gof (-i/-ažs) [ſuffvlyś, mem- brane; piña;, guard]. An old form of instrument for protecting the brain from injury during operations after trephining. & Meningorrhachidian (men-in/-go-rak-id’’-e-an)[uffvlyś, membrane; bayug, spine]. Relating to the spinal meninges. Meningorrhagia (men-in-gor-a/-je-ah) [uffvlyś, mem- brane; 6/yvival, to burst forth]. Meningeal hemor- rhage. Meningorrhea (men-in-gor-e'-ah) [uffvlyś, membrane; bota, a flow]. Meningeal hemorrhage, or extravasa- tion of blood. Meningosis (men-in/-go-sis) ſuffvlyś, membrane]. The union of bones by a membranous attachment. Meningo-spinal (men-in/-go-spi/-na/) [uffvlyś, mem- brane; spinalis, spinal]. Meningeal and spinal; per- taining to the meninges of the spinal cord. Meningo-symphysis (men-in/-go-sim/ºfts-is) ſuffvlyś, membrane; otiv, together; piety, to grow]. The mor- bid adhesion of the meninges to each other. Meningo-symphytic (men-in/-go-sime-fit'-ić) [uffvlyś, membrane; Giºv, with ; piety, to grow]. Pertaining to or characterized by meningo-symphysis. Meningo-syzygia (men-in/-go-si-zij'-e-a/ ) membrane; avčvyia, a coupling]. symp/lysis. Meningozeuxis (men -in/-go-zii/s/-is) [ſuffvlyś, mem- brane; ſeij;tg, a yoking]. Same as Meningo-sym- physis. Meningozeuxitis (men-in/-go-zii/s-i/-tis) [uffvlyś, mem- [Alīv);, Same as Meningo- 744 MENORRHEA brane; Śeūxic, yoke; itic, inflammation], Symphysis with inflammation. Meninguria (men-in-gu'-re-a/) [ujvºy;, membrane; oùpov, urine]. The passage or presence of mem- branous shreds in the urine. . Meninguric (men-in-gu'-rić) [ujvºy;, membrane; ot- pov, urine]. Pertaining to or characterized by men- Ingurla. Meninx (men/-ing.és) [uffvlyś, membrane]. Any one of the meninges, especially the dura. Meniscitis (men-is-i/-tis) [umvíokoç, crescent; trug, in- flammation]. An inflammation of the semilunar car- tilages of the knee-joint. Meniscoid (men-is/-koid) [umviokoç, crescent; elóoç, like]. Resembling a meniscus; crescent-shaped. Meniscus (men-is/-kus) [unviakoç, a crescent: pl., Meniscil. A concavo-convex lens. A concavo-con- vex articular cartilage, or the semilunar cartilage of the knee-joint. Also, the concavity or convexity produced on the surface of liquids in tubes and vessels by capillary attraction. M., Tactile, a form of nerve-ending with a concave surface turned ectad, each concavity containing a tactile cell. Menispermin (men-is-per/-min) [uffym, moon; otépua, seed]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of AZenispermum canadense, alterative, tonic, laxative, diuretic, stimulant, and resolvent. Dose from I to 4 grains. Unof. 2. Cushi, N.O. A non-poisonous and inert alkaloid from Azzamizza cocculus and Memi- spermum canadense. - Menispermum (men-is-per/-mum)[uffvm, moon; otépua, Seed]. The roots of M. canadense, or Canadian moon-seed. It is reputed to have tonic properties, and is used for Sarsaparilla. Dose gr. v-xx in infusion; of a concentrated tinct., gtt. v-xv. M., Ext., Fld. Dose gj. Menispin (men/-is-pin) ſuffum, moon; GTépua, seed]. A bitter alkaloid contained in the root of Memisper- mum canadense. It is readily soluble in alcohol, less so in water, in chloroform, and in ether. Menocelis (men-o-se/-lis) [uffy, mouth; ſºmżic, spot]. A dark spot upon the skin sometimes seen at or near the menstrual period. Menocryphia (men-o-Arif'-e-ah) ſuffvec, menses; Kpi- $10g, hidden]. Same as /schomenia. Menolipsis (men-o-lift/-sis) [uſiveſ, menses; Weiptſ, an omission]. The retention or absence of the menses. Menometastasis (men-o-met-asſ-as-is) [uffveg, menses; petáotagag, metastasis]. Vicarious menstruation. Menopad (men/-o-pad) [uffvsc, menses; M.E., padde, a pad]. A pad for catching the menstrual blood. Menopause (men/-o-pawz) [uffvég, menses; Taüouſ, cessation]. The end of menstrual life, usually occur- ring at the age of from 45 to 50. It is also called the climacteric, or the change of life. Menophania (men-o-faſ-ne-ah) [uffvec, menses; paivetv, to appear]. The first appearance of the menses. Menoplania (men-o-pla/-ne-ah) [uffveg, menses; Tāāv), deviation]. A discharge of blood occurring at the menstrual period, but derived from some other part of the body than the uterus. Also, any deviation or aberration of the menstrual flow. Menorrhagia (men-or-a/-je-ah)[uffveſ, menses; 6/Yvin'at, to burst forth]. An excessive menstrual flow. Menorrhagic (men-or-a/-ä) [uffvég, menses; hy) vival, to burst forth]. Relating to, or characterized by, menorrhagia. - Menorrhalgia (men-or-a/-je-a/a) [uñvec, the menses; béety, to flow; &Wyog, pain]. Painful menstruation. See Z2/smemorrhea and Memorrhspasm. Menorrhea (men-or-e/-ah) [uffvec, menses; hoia, a flow]. The normal flow of the menses. Also, excessive menstruation. Meningo- MENORRHSPASM Menorrhspasm (men-or-spaz/-m) [ſuffvec, menses; béetv, to flow; atraopióg, spasm]. A painful, neuro- muscular spasm of the uterus, caused by imperfect development and innervation, or by inflammatory processes. - Menoschesis (men-os/-kes-is) [uffvec, menses; oxéolç, retention]. Retention of the menses. Menoschetic º:...” [uffvég, menses; axéotç, retention]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, men- oschesis. Menosepsis (men-o-sep/-sis) [uffveg, menses; oftºpic, putridity]. A putrid quality of the menses. Menoseptic (men-o-sep/-tic) [givec, menses; oftpac, putridity]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, meno- Sepsis. •º Menostasia, Menostasis (men-os-ta/-ze-ah, men-os/-tas- is) ſuffvég, menses; otáog, standing]. A suppression of the menstrual flow. Menostatic (men-os-tat'-i}) [uffvec, menses; aráoag, a standing]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, meno- Stasis. Menotyphlosis (men-o-º/-/o/-sis) [uffvm, moon; Túð- Woolg, a blinding]. Moon-blindness; a periodic blindness or dimness of vision, formerly ascribed to the influence of the moon, and popularly believed to affect certain horses. Menoxenia (men-oks-e'-ne-ah) [uffvég, menses; £vog, strange, foreign]. Irregularity of menstruation. Menoxenosis (mem-oks-en-o’-sis) [uffv, month; ;évalouſ, strangeness]. Same as Menoxemia. Mens (meng) [L. : gen., mentis]. Mind. Compos mentis, of sound mind. AVon compos mentis, of unsound mind. Menses (men/-sèz) [mensis, a month]. The recurrent monthly discharge of blood from the genital canal of the female during sexual life. See Menstruation. M., Excessive, or Immoderate Flow of. See Memorrhagia. M., Obstructive, or Diminution of. See Amenorrhea. M., Suppression of. See Amenor- rhea and Mezzostasis. . Menstrua (men/-stru-ah) [L. : pl., of Menstruus, monthly]. I. The menses. 2. Plural of Menstruum, q. v. M. alba. Synonym of Zeukorrhea. - Menstrual (men/-stru-al) [menstrualis : menstruus, monthly]. Pertaining to menstruation. M. Blood, the blood discharged at the menstrual period. M. Colic. See Colic. M. Insanity. See /nsanity. Menstruant (men/-stru-ant) [menstruus, monthly]. I. Subject to, or capable of, menstruating. 2. One who menstruates, or is capable of menstruating. Menstruate (men/-stru-áſ) [menstruare ; from men- struzes, monthly]. To discharge the menstrual flow. Menstruation (men-stru-a/-shun) [menstruatio; from menstruus, monthly]. A periodic discharge of a sanguineous fluid from the uterus and Fallopian tubes, occurring during the period of a woman’s sexual activ- ity, from puberty to the menopause. The flow is alkaline and composed of blood, shreds of mucous membrane, and vaginal and uterine secretion; it is darker than ordinary blood, and should not clot; its odor is characteristic and disagreeable; the usual quantity is from four to six ounces. M., Vicarious, the discharge of blood in connection with, or at the time of, menstruation, but taking place from some other organ or part than the vagina. Atopomenorrhea. Menstrucus (men/-stru-us) [menstruus, monthly]. Having, or pertaining to, the monthly flow. Menstruum (men/-stru-um) [menstruus, monthly]. A liquid used for effecting solution. A solvent. Mensuration (men-su-ra/-shun) [mensurare, to mea- sure]. The estimation of quantity or dimension. In anatomy, the estimation of the dimensions of any 5 MENTIFEROUS organ or part of the body. In physical diagnosis, the measurement of parts of the body. Mentagra (men-ta/-grah). See Sycosis. M. parasit- ica. See Złmea sycosis. Mentagrophyte (men-tag/-ro-fit), Mentagrophyton (men-tag-roff’-it-on) [mentagra, sycosis; putów, plant]. A cryptogamous plant thought to cause Sycosis. Mental (men/-tal) [mens, the mind.]. Pertaining to the mind. Also, pertaining to the mentum or chin. M. Point. See Crazziometric Points. Mentality (men-ta/-it-e) [mens, mind.]. tivity and power; intellect. Mentation (men-ta/-shun). tion. Mentha (men/-thah) [L., mint]. A genus of labiate plants, including the true or typical mints. M. ar- vensis, var. piperascens. The source of Menthol, g. v. M.-camphor. See Menthol. M. piperita, pepper- mint. The leaves and tops of M. piperita, or common peppermint, having properties due to a volatile oil, in which form it is commonly used. It is an aromatic, stimulant, carminative, and antispasmodic, and is valu- able internally to relieve flatulent colic, and externally to relieve superficial neuralgia. It is of reputed value in typhoid fever, and as an antiseptic in parasitic skin- diseases. M. pip., Aqua, contains 2 parts of the oil in IOOO of distilled water. Dose indefinite. M. pip., Essentia (B. P.) Dose mix–xx. M. pip., C1., the volatile oil, consists of a liquid terpene and a camphor, menthol, Q. v. Dose muj-v. M. pip., Spt., essence of peppermint, contains IO per cent. of the oil and I per cent. of the herb in alcohol. Dose mix-xxx. M. pip., Trochisci, each contains fºr of the oil, with Sugar and tragacanth. Dose indefinite. M. pule- gium, the true or European pennyroyal. Its odor and properties are much the same as those of American pennyroyal. M. viridis, spearmint. The leaves and tops of common “kitchen’’ mint, M. ziridis, having properties due to a volatile oil, differing slightly in taste and odor from oil of peppermint. Its medi- cinal properties are like those of AZ. piperita. M. virid., Aq., 2 parts of the oil in IOOO of water. M. virid., O1., the volatile oil. Dose mij–v. M. virid., Spt., alcoholic, contains IO per cent. of the oil and I per cent. of the herb. Dose mux–xl. Menthene (men’-them) [ment/a, mint], CoFIIs. A liquid hydrocarbon produced when menthol is dis- tilled with P.O. It boils at 167° C. Menthol (men/-thol) [mentha, mint], Cio HooC). Japan- ese peppermint; peppermint camphor; mentha cam- phor; the chief component of peppermint oil, from which it separates in crystalline form on cooling. It possesses, like borneol, the character of an alicyclic alcohol; melts at 42°C., and boils at 213°C. It is obtained from Aſentha arvensis, var. piperascens, a Chinese and Japanese herb ; also from the seeds of Carum copticum, of India. It is used as a local appli- cation in neuralgia, sciatica, ringworm, and other pain- ful conditions. Unof. M., Emplast., containing men- thol, wax, and resin; has a place in the 1890 addition to the B. P. M. Pencil, a small, pointed cylinder of menthol used as an application to the skin in neuralgia. Menthone (men'-thon) [mentha, mint], Clo HisO. The ketone of menthol, a colorless liquid with a high boiling-point (2O6°C.). It is soluble in alcohol, in benzene, in carbon disulphid, and in chloroform, but insoluble in water. Mentiferous (men-tif’-er-us) [mens, mind; ferre, to carry]. Conveying, or supposed to convey, mental impressions; telepathic. M. Ether, a supposed ethe- real medium of telepathy, or thought-transfer. Mental ac- See /l/en/a/ity and Zaea- MENTIGO Mentigo (men-fi/-go). See Mentagra. Mento-bregmatic (men’-(o-breg-mat/-ić) [mentum, chin ; 3pñypia, bregma]. Extending from the chin to the bregma. - Mento-condylean (men'-to-Aon-di/-e-an) [mentum, chin; kóvóvãog, condyle]. Pertaining to the chin and the occipital condyles. M.-c. Triangle. See angles, Table of Mento-coronial (men'-to-kor-o'-ne-al) [mentum, chin; corona, crown]. Relating to the chin and the coronal suture. M.-c. Triangle. See 7-iangles, Zable of. Mento-gonial (men/-to-go’-ne-al) [mentum, chin; yovía, angle]. Extending from the gonion to the gnathion. M.-g. Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. Mento-hyoid (men’-to-hi’-oid) [mentum, chin; boetó%g, hyoid]. Relating to the chin and the hyoid bone. Mento-labial (men/-to-la/-be-a/) [mentum, chin ; la- bium, lip]. Relating both to the chin and the lip. Mento-mastoid (men/-to-mas’-toid) [mentum, chin; plao Tóg, nipple; eldog, like]. Relating to both chin and mastoid process. M.-m. Triangle. See Trian- g/es, Zable of Mento-meckelian (men’-to-mek-e/-e-an) [mentum, chin ; Meckel, a German anatomist]. Pertaining to the distal or mental division of Meckel's cartilage. Mentula (men/-/u-la/) [L.]. The penis. Mentulagra (men-tat-la/-grah) [mentu/agra ; mentula, penis; typa, seizure]. Painful priapism; chordee. Mentulomania (men-fu-lo-ma/-ne-ah). Synonym of Mastetrôaſion. Mentum (men/-ſum) [L., the chin: ?/., Menta]. The chin. In biology, variously applied to structures below the lip, or labium, as in insects, that part of the labium between the submentum and the ligula; in orchids, an extension of the foot of the column. Mentzelia (ment-ze/-le-ah) [after C. Mentzel, a German botanist]. A genus of the Loaseae. M. aspera, M. hispida, is a Mexican species, the root of which has drastic properties, and is also used in gonorrhea and syphilis. Unof. Menyanthes (men-e-an/-thèz) [umaioc, monthly; &v6og, flower]. A genus of plants of the gentian order. M. trifoliata. See Buckbean. Menyanthin (men-e-an/-thin) [umvalog, monthly; tıv6og, flower], CºoH16O1. The bitter principle of Buck- beam. It is a white, amorphous, bitter glucosid. Meosis (me-o/-sis). See Miosis. Mephitic (me-ſit/-i}) [Mephitis, a mythologic divin- ity]. Foul or noxious; stifling; noisome, as a vapor, or stench. M. Gangrene, moist necrosis of bone, associated with the evolution of offensive odors. Mephitis (me-fi/-tis) [L.J. I. A pestilent or noxious exhalation. 2. A genus of American carnivorous mammals, the skunks. They are noted for the fetid secretion of their perineal glands, which has been used as an antasthmatic remedy and in hysteria. Unof. Mephitism (meſ/-it-izm). Synonym of Mephitis (first definition). Meramaurosis (mer-am-aw-ro/-sis) [uépoc, part; du- avpóelv, to darken]. Partial amaurosis. Meranesthesia (mer-an-es-theſ-ze-a/a) [uépoc, part; and àveoffmoſa, anesthesia]. Partial or local anesthesia. Meratrophy (ºner-at’-ro-ſe) [uépoc, part ; arpopia, want of nourishment]. Partial atrophy. Mercaptal (mer-Aa/-/a/) [mercurius, mercury; cap- fans, seizing]. A thio-acetal; a product of the union of a mercaptan and an aldehyd. Mercaptan (mer-4a/-tam) [mercurius, mercury; cap- fans, seizing]. A thio-alcohol; any one of a certain class of alcohols in which the oxygen is replaced by sulphur. The mercaptans are the sulphur analogues 746 79-y- MERETRIX of the alcohols, and are colorless liquids, mostly insolu- ble in water, and possessed of a disagreeable odor resenbling that of garlic. Mercaptid (mer-Kap'-tid) [mercurius, mercury; cap- fans, seizing]. A metallic derivation of a mercaptan. Mercaptol (mer-Kap'-'oſ) [mercurius, mercury; cap- fans, seizing]. A product of the union of a mercap- tan and a ketone. ". Mercier's Bar. The crescentic ridge of submucous tissue forming the posterior boundary of the trigone of the bladder. Mercurial (mer-ſºuſ-re-al) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. Pertaining to mercury. M. Palsy, a paralysis or an involuntary spasmodic twitching of the voluntary mus- cles, as a result of mercurial intoxication, and intensi- fied on voluntary motion ; it sometimes affects persons habitually exposed to the vapor of mercury. M. Ptyalism. Synonym of Stomatitis, Mercurial. M. Rash, an eczematous eruption arising from the con- tinued use of mercury. M. Tremors. Same as M. Palsy. See also Tremor. . Mercurialin (mer-ku/-re-al-in) [Mercury, a Grecian god], CH3N. An oily basic principle obtainable from Mercurialis annua and M. perennis. It is pois- onous, diuretic, and cathartic. Unof. Mercurialis (mer-ku-re-a/-lis) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants, with ac- tively poisomous qualities. M. annua and M. per- ennis were formerly used in medicine, being strongly purgative, emmenagogue, and diuretic. Unof. Mercurialism (mer-Au/-re-a/-īzm) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A name for the morbid condition arising from the too free or the long continued use of mercury. Mercurialist (mer-Au/-re-a/-äst) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. One who prescribes mercury largely, or one who believes in the treatment of syphilis by mercury. Mercurialization (mer-ku-re-a/-īz-a/-shun) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. Bringing under the influence of mercury. Mercuric (mer-Au/-riž) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. Pertaining to or containing mercury as a bivalent radicle. Mercuricum (mer-Au/-rik-um) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A term applied to compounds containing mer- cury as a bivalent radicle. Mercurius (mer-Au/-re-us). See Mercury. Mercurosum (mer-ku-ro/-sum) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A term given to compounds containing mer- cury as a univalent radicle. Mercurous (mer/-Au-rus) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A term applied to compounds containing mercury as a univalent radicle. Mercury (mer/-ku-re) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. See Aydrargyrum. M. Weed, the herb Mercurialis annua. See Mercurialis. Merd [merda, merdus, feces]. Feces. fetida. Merdivomous (mer-div'-o-mus) [merda, feces; womere, to vomit]. Having stercoraceous vomiting. Merdivorous (mer-div'-or-us) [merda, feces; vorare, to devour]. Devouring excrement. Merechema (mer-ek-e'-mah) [umpág, thigh ; #ymua, sound: pl. , Merechemata]. An auscultatory sound ascribed to the friction of the thighs of the fetus. Meremphraxis (mer-em-fra/s/-is) [uépoc, part; Šup- paśug, stoppage]. Partial obstruction. Merenchyma (mer-eng/-kim-ah) [uépoc, a part ; (trap) éyavua, in modern sense “parenchyma”]. In biology, an imperfect parenchyma. Meretrix (mer/-et-riks) [merere, to earn money]. A prostitute. M. diaboli, asa- MERIAEUM Meriaeum (mer-e-e/-um) [uepóg, the thigh : pl., Meriaa]. In biology, the anterior surface of the socket of the hind-leg of a beetle. Meric (mer/-i}) [uépog, part]. Relating to a part. Mericarp (mer/-ić-arp) [uépoc, a part; capitág, fruit]. In biology, one of the ripened carpels of a schizocarp; a portion of a fruit separating from the rest. Mericism (mer/-is-izm). Same as Merycism. Meride (mer/-id) [uépoc, part; ueipogal, to share]. In biology, a colony of cells that either remains isolated or multiplies by gemmation to form a larger aggre- ate. Méjian (mer-id/-e-an) [meridies, midday]. An im- aginary great circle surrounding any globe and inter- secting the poles. M. of the Eye, an imaginary cir- cle surrounding the globe of the eye, vertical if supposed to be perpendicular, or horizontal if level. A Jens is also described in the same way. Meridional (mer-id/-e-on-a/) [meridies, midday]. Re- lating to a meridian. Meridrosis (mer-id-ro/-sis) [uépoc, part; iópág, sweat]. Local perspiration. Meris (mer/-is) [uepic, a part; pl., Merides]. In biol- ogy, a cell-colony either permanently isolated, or by budding giving rise to a higher aggregate, the deme. Merismatic (mer-is-mat/-ić) [uéptopla, a part; pleptopióg, a division ; uepiſelv, to divide]. In biology, charac- terized by the formation of internal septa. Merismopedia (mer-is-mo-pe/-de-ah) [ueptoplóg, divi- sion; traig, child]. A bacterium multiplying by two rectangular divisions, thus forming a tablet-like group of four cells in one plane. See Bacteria, Zable of Merispore (mer/-is-por) [uépoc, part; otópoç, seed]. The spores resulting from division of the endospore or exospore of fungi; one of the secondary spores of a compound spore. Meristem (mer/-is-tem) [ueptoróg, verbal adj. of Hepiſelv, to divide]. In biology, the actively growing, undifferentiated cell-tissue of the growing tips of plants; the formative tissue of the cambium layer. Meristematic (mer-is-tem-at'-ić). Synonym of Mer- tsmatic. Meristogenetic (mer-is-to-jen-et/-ié) [ueptoróg, divided; yevvāv, to beget]. Developed from meristem. Merit (mer/-it) [uepic, a part (uspirmc, a partaker)]. In biology, one of the small bodies or granules contain- ing one or two chromatin-specks, or microsomata, formed by the breaking up of the male and female pronuclei in the process of impregnation. The Sper- matomeriten and Ovomeriten of Boehm. Cf. Jalant. Merithal (mer/-ith-al) [uepic, part; 6a726g, a branch]. Same as /*etermode. Merizotropia (mer-iz-o-tro’-pe-ah). See Merotropia. Merkel’s Cells. The tactile corpuscles. M.'s Gang- lia, small groups of subepidermic ganglion-cells; the tactile corpuscles. M.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of M.'s Plane. See Plane. M.'s Solu- tion, a fixing-agent used in histologic research. It is composed of equal parts of a one-fourth per cent. solution of platinum chlorid, and a one-fourth per cent. solution of chromic acid. The specimen is placed in this fluid for from two to three hours, and then preserved in alcohol. M., Tactile Cells of. See Grandry's Corpuscles. M.'s Touch-corpuscles. See Grandry's Corpuscles. Meroblast (mer’-o-blast) [uépoc, a part; 6%aoróg, a germ]. In embryology, an ovum that contains beside the formative protoplasm or yolk, more or less food- yolk or nutritive protoplasm. Meroblastic (mer-o-blas/-tié) [uépoc, a part; 3%aoróg, a germ]. In embryology, a term applied to such ova as present some impediment to the segmentation 747 . * - MERYCOLOGY of the protoplasm of the vegetative pole, owing to which this process is more or less confined to one por. tion of the ovum, the protoplasm of the animal pole. The distinction between meroblastic and holoblastic is one of degree, not of kind. “The best known ex- ample of a vertebrate meroblastic ovum is undoubtedly the hen’s egg.” (Minot.) Merocele (mer/-0-sel) [umpóc, thigh ; ká%m, hernia]. Femoral hernia. Merocerite (mer-os/-er-it) [umpóg, thigh ; képac, horn]. In biology, that joint of the antenna of a crustacean which is borne upon the ischiocerite. Merocoxalgia (mer-o-Koks-a/-je-ah) [pumpóg, thigh ; coxa, hip ; &%)0ç, pain]. Pain affecting the thigh and hip. Mººcyte (mer/-o-sit) [uépoc, a part; kitoc, a cell]. In biology, one of the eight nucleated masses of proto- plasm of the meroblastic, mesolecithal, or telolecithal germ. (Lang.) Merodialysis (mer-o-di-a/-is-is) [uépoc, part; juážvaig, separation]. Partial decomposition. Merogastrula (ºner-o-gas/-true-la/) [uépoc, a part ; yao Tàp, belly: pl. , Merogastrukº). In biology, the gastrula of a meroblastic ovum. Merogenesis (mer-o-jen’-es-ás) [uépoc, part; Yévéolſ, genesis]. Segmentation; the origination of segments. Merognathite (mer-og’-nāth-ft) [uépog, a part ; Yváffoc, jaw]. In biology, the fourth joint of one of the gna- thites or jaw-feet of a crustacean. (Milne-Edwards.) Meroistic (mer-o-is/-fik) [uépoc, a part; Göv, egg]. In biology, applied to the ovaries of certain insects (e.g., aphis) that give rise not only to ova and ovicapsular epithelium, but also to large vitelligenous cells. The latter are connected with the ova and supply nutritive material. Cf. Aamoistic. Merology (mer-o/-0-ſe) [uépog, share ; 26).og, science]. General anatomy; the science of elementary tissues. Meropia (mer-o’-pe-a/) [uépoc, part; &mp, sight]. Partial blindness; obscuration of vision. Meroplanktonic (mer-o-plank-ton/-i}). See Plankton. Meropodite (mer-off’-o-dit) [umpóg, thigh ; Troig, foot]. In biology, the fourth joint of a developed endopodite; the inner of the two main divisions of the typical limb. (Milne-Edwards.) Merorrheuma (mer-o-ru/-/a/.) [uépoc, part; beiga, rheum]. Partial rheumatism. Merorrhexis (mer-or-eks/-is). Synonym of Meroceſe. Meros (me/-ros), Merus (me/-rus) [umpág, thigh]. In biology, the thigh ; the proximal segment of the lower or posterior limb. The fourth joint of any crustacean appendage, as the meroºnathite or meropodife. Merosome (mer’-o-sām) [uépoc, part ; oºga, body]. In biology, one of the serial parts of a segmented organ- ism ; a somite or metamere. Merotopia (mer-o-o/-pe-ah) [uépoc, part; TóTog, place]. Replacement of a part. Merotrope (mer’-o-trop), Merotropia (mer-o-tro/-pe-ah) [uépoc, part; TpóTog, a turning]. Synthesis of sim- pler bodies that have resulted from more complex compounds which did not combine directly. Merotropia (mer-o-fro/-pe-ah) [umpôg, thigh ; Tpóſtog, a turning]. Reduction of a dislocation of the femur. Merry-thought (mer/-e-thawſ). See Furcula and Wish-borze. Méry's Glands. See Gland. Merycism (mer/-is-ism) [umpvktouðc, rumination]. Re- gurgitation and rechewing of food. Rumination ; a phenomenon characteristic of an extremely homo- geneous group of Al/ammaſia, i. e., the Pecora, or true ruminants, and sometimes observed in man. Merycology (mer-º-o/-0-ſe) [uepukićett, to ruminate; Żóyog, science]. The study of rumination. MERYPERTROPHY Merypertrophy (mer-ip-er’-tro-ſe) [uépoc, part; itép, over; Tpopff, nourishment]. Partial hypertrophy. Merz System. A system in use for the disposal of garbage and refuse, by which the waste material is subjected to a process akin to desiccation. See Sew- age, Disposal of Mesad (mes/-ad) [uéooç, middle; ad, to]. Toward the mesial or mesal line or plane; toward the meson. Mesal (mes/-al) [uéooç, the middle]. At or in the direction of the meson or median plane of the body. Compare the opposite, lateral. Also, see Position and Direction, Table of. Mesallantoid (mes-aſ-an/-toid) [uédoc, middle; dā%áv- Totſ, allantois]. An animal having a small allantoic Sal C. Mesameboid (mes-am-e'-boid) [uéoog, middle; duouſ?%, a change ; elóog, shapel. In embryology, any one of the leukocytes or wandering-cells, or perhaps the embryonic red blood-cells or the marrow-cells. Mesaraic (mes-ar-a/-ä) [uédoc, middle; apaud, belly]. Same as A/esenteric. Mesaraion (mes-ar-a/-e-on), Mesareum (mes-ar-e'- um) [uegåpatov, the mesentery]. The mesentery. Mesarteritic (mes-ar-ter-iº/-ić) [uédoc, middle ; aptnoia, artery; trug, inflammation]. Pertaining to or result. ing from mesarteritis. Mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-i/-tis) [uéooç, middle; aptmpia, artery ; trug, inflammation]. middle coat of an artery (usually chronic). Mesaticephalic (mes-at-is-ef-a/-ä) [uegóTmſ, median; kepa/#, head]. Pertaining to Mesaticephalus. Also, see Index. Mesaticephalus (mes-aſ-is-eſ’-a/-us) [uegóTmc, median ; kepazº, head]. In craniometry, a term applied to a skull having a cephalic index of between 75 and 79. Mesatipelvic (mes-aſ-if-e/-vić) [uegóTmc, median ; Te??ig, pelvis]. A term applied to a pelvis whose in- dex ranges between 90° and 95°. Mesauchenous (mues-azv/-/*en-us) [uéoog, middle ; abrmy, neck]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and a line joining the inion and the basion is between 26° and 38°. - Mesectoderm (mes-e//-to-derm) [uéooç, middle ; Śkróg, outside; 68pua, skin]. The ectal or ectodermal divi- sion of the mesoderm ; also, indifferent tissue from which both ectoderm and mesoderm are developed. Mesembryo (mes-em/-bre-o) [uéooç, middle ; Śptſ?pvov, embryo). The blastula stage of the ova of meta- ZOall] S. Mesembryonic (mes-em-bre-on/-ić) [uéooç, middle; £uppwov, embryol. Pertaining to the mesembryo. Mesencephal (mes-en-sef’-al). Same as Mesenceſ/a/on. Mesencephalic (mes-en-seſ-a/-ä) [ſuédoc, middle ; §yképažov, the brain]. Relating to the mesenceph- alon. Mesencephalon (mes-en-se/-a/-on) [uéooc, middle ; §yképažov, the brain]. One of the divisions of the brain, consisting of the corpora quadrigemina, and the crura cerebri. - Mesenchyma (mes-eng/-kim-ah) [uéoog, middle; Śyżvua, an infusion]. The portion of the mesoderm that produces all the connective tissues of the body, the blood-vessels, and the blood, the entire lymphatic sys- tem proper, and the heart. The non-epithelial portions of the mesoderm. Mesenchyme (mes/-en-Aim) [uédoc, middle ; Śyavua, an infusion]. In biology: (a) applied to the meso- derm of certain animals (e.g., sponges); (6) embryonic connective tissue composed of cells thrown off by the mesothelium. Mesencranus (mes-en-Ara/-mus) [uéoog, middle ; Śv, 748 Inflammation of the MESITOL in ; Kpavíov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull hav- ing a median cerebellar sector of from 15° to 20°. Mesenteric (mes-en-ter/-ić) [uegev repticóg, from piègog, middle ; Śvtepov, intestine], Pertaining to the mes- entery. Mesenterica (mes-en-ter/-ik-ah) ſuédoc, middle ; Év- Tepov, intestine]. I. The mycelium of certain molds. 2. A vessel of the mesentery. M., Tabes. See Zabes. Mesenteriitis (mes-en-ter-e-i/-tis). Same as Mesenteritis. Mesenteriolum (mes-en-ter-i/-o-ſum)[dim of uéoévrepov, mesentery]. A little mesentery; especially the ſold of peritoneum that sometimes connects the appendix vermiformis with the mesentery. - Mesenteriophthisis (mes-en-ter-e-off’-(his-is) [uegév- tºpov, mesentery; ºffiotç, wasting]. Tabes mesen- terica, 7. v. - Mesenteritic (mes-en-ter-it/-ić) [uéood, middle; &vrepov, intestine ; trug, inflammation]... Pertaining to or affected with mesenteritis. **. - Mesenteritis (mes-en-ter-i/-tis) [uéoog, middle; £vrºpov, an intestine; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mesentery. M. chronica. Synonym of Zabes mes- enterica. Mesenterium (mes-en-ter/-e-um) [L.; pl., Mesenteria]. A mesentery. - Mesenteroid (mes-em/-ter-oid) [uéoévréptov, mesentery; eiðoç, like]. Resembling the mesentery. Mesenteron (mes-en/-ter-on) [uéooç, middle; £vrepov, intestine]. The middle portion of the alimentary tract in the embryo. - - Mesentery (mes/-en-ter-e) [uéooç, middle; Švrepov, bowel|]. I. A fold of the peritoneum that con- nects certain portions of the intestine with the posterior abdominal wall. 2. A membranous septum dividing the perivisceral cavity into more or less completely separate chambers. Mesentoderm, Mesendoderm (mes-en’-to-derm, mes- en/-do-derm) [uéoog, middle ; Śytóg, within ; 68pua, skin]. The ental or entodermal division of the mesoderm; also, the indifferent tissue from which both entoderm and mesoderm are developed. Mesepimeron (mes-ep-im/-er-on) [uédoc, middle; <ſ, upon ; ußpog, thigh : Žl., Mesepimera.]. In biology, the middle lateral piece (epimeron) of the thorax or mesothorax of an arthropod. Mesepisternum (mes-ep-is-ter/-num) [uéoog, middle ; Ští, upon ; otépyov, breast : £/., Mesepisterna]. In biology, one of the anterior lateral pieces of the meso- thorax of an arthropod. Meseraic (mes-er-a/-ä). See Mesaraic. Mesethmoid (mes-et/-moja) [uéoog, middle; #ffuóg, ethmoid]. The mesal element of the ethmoid bone, forming a separate bone in some of the lower animals. Mesh [ME., maske, a mesh, or net]. A network, as of vessels or nerves. - Mesiad (mes/-e-ad) [uéoog, middle]... Same as Mesad. Mesial (mes/-e-al) [uéoog, middle]. Same as Median. Mesicerin (mes-is-e'-rin) [ueqirmg, a mediator; cera, wax], CsPIs(CH.OH)3. Mesitylene glycerol, pro- duced by the action of tribrom-mesitylene upon boiling water and lead carbonate. It is a thick liquid. Mesidic Acid (mes-id/-ä). See Ovitic Acid. Mesien (mes/-e-en) [uéooç, middle]. Belonging to the mesion in itself. Mesion (mes/-e-on) [uéoog, middle]. See Aſeson. Mesiris (mes-i/-ris) [uéoog, middle ; ipſº, iris]. The middle layer of the iris, lying between the ectiris and the entiris. - Mesitilol (mes-iº/-i/-o/). Same as Aſesity/ene. Mesitol (mes/-īt-o/) [uegitmº, a mediator], C, H,C). A crystalline body, chemically a hydrated mesitylene. MESITYLENE Mesitylene (mues-iº/-iſ-àn) [ueqirmg, a mediator], C.H12. Trimethyl benzin. It occurs in coal-tar, and is pro- duced by distilling acetone or allylene with H,SO,. It is an oily, colorless, agreeable-smelling liquid, boil- ing at 163° C. - Mesitylenic Acid (mues-it-iſ-en/-ić). See Acid. Mesmeric (mez-mer/-ić) [from Mesmer, an investigator of mesmerism]. Pertaining to or induced by mes- merism, as mesmeric sleep. Me Coma, hypnotism, q. v. M. Lucidity, clairvoyance. M. Promise, the same as Aypnotic Suggestion. M. Sleep, hyp- notism, 7. z. M. State, the condition of mesmerism. Mesmerism (mez/-mer-izm) [Mesſner, an investigator of the phenomena]. The phenomena formerly known as Somnambulism, and subsequently as animal mag- netism, now better known as hypnotism. Mesmerist (mez/-mer-ist)[Mesmer, an investigator of the phenomena]. One who induces mesmeric phenomena. Mesmerization (mez-mer-iz-a/-shun). Synonym of Hypnotization. Mesmeromania (mez. mer-o-ma/-ne-ah) [Mesmer, the investigator of mesmerism ; plavia, madness]. Insane or delusional pursuit of mesmeric observations. Meso- (mes/-o-) ſuédoc, middle]. A prefix signifying middle. Mesoarium (mes-o-a/-re-um) [uéooç, middle; Gáptov, dim. of jov, egg: £/., Mesoaria]. In biology, that fold of the peritoneum in certain animals (e. g., fishes) which forms the mesentery of the ovary. See Meso- Z/627°22/7/2. - Mesoarteritis (mes-o-ar-ter-i/-tis). arteritis. - Mesobacteria (mes-o-bak-te/-re-ah) 6akráptov, little rod]. Organisms. *~. Mesoblast (mes'-o-blast) [uéoog, middle; 3%aoTóc, a germ J. In embryology: (a) a large, granular, single cell, the most posterior in each of the two bands from which the mesoderm arises in a metazoan, and which throws off cells to add to the mesodermal band. It appears to be a derivative of the entoderm; (b) The middle layer of the blastoderm, probably derived from both the ectoderm and entoderm, and from which are developed the vascular, muscular, and skeletal systems, the generative glands, and the kidneys. It is also called mesoderm. Kleinenberg protests against the use of the term mesoblast, at least in a sense imply- ing any possibility of comparison with the primary layers, epiblast and hypoblast, of coelenterata. M., Parietal, M., Somatic, the outer mesoblastic plates entering into the formation of the body-wall. It is also known as Somatop/eure. M., Splanchnic, M., Visceral, the inner mesoblastic plates forming the wall of the digestive tract and its derivatives. It is also known as Splazzchnopleure. Mesoblastema (mes-o-blas-fe’-ma/.) [uéooc, middle ; 3%áo Tmua, a shoot; pl., Mesoblastemas]. In embry- ology, the germinal cells that go to form the meso- derm ; the mesoblastic cells. Mesoblastic (mes-o-blas/-tié) [uéooc, middle; 8%aoTóg, sprout]. Pertaining to the mesoblast. Mesobranchious (mes-o-brang/-ke-us) [uéoog, middle; 6páyºta, gill]. Having the gills or branchiae in the middle of the body. Mesobregmus (mes-o-breg'-mus) [uéoog, middle; 6péyua, the sinciput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormium and the bregma is be- tween 68° and 82°. Mesobronchitis (mes-o-bron-ki/-tis) [uégoc, middle; £3póyºta, bronchus; iTug, inflammation]. An inflam- mation of the middle coat of the bronchial tubes. Synonym of Mes- [uéoog, middle ; Medium-sized vegetable micro- 749 MESOCORD Mesobronchium (mes-o-bron/-ke-um) [uéooc, middle ; Épóyxia, bronchus]. One of the divisions of the trachea in birds. Mesocaecum (mes-o-se/-/*um). See Mesocecum. Mesocardia (mes-o-Aar/-de-ah) [uéooc, middle ; Kapòia, heart]. The position of the heart in the central and anterior part of the chest, a situation that is normal at an early stage of development Mesocardium (mes-o-kar/-de-um) [uédoc, middle ; kapóſa, heart]. A mesoblastic fold attached to the heart. Mesocarp (mes/-o-AEarp) [uéoog, middle ; KapTóg, fruit]. In biology, the middle layer of a three-layered peri- carp; the sarcocarp. Mesocecum (mes-o-se/-äum) [uédoc, middle ; cacus, blind]. The mesentery that sometimes connects the dorsal part of the cecum with the right iliac fossa. Mesocele (mes/-o-sel) [uédoc, middle ; KotAia, cavity]. The cavity or ventricle of the mesencephal ; consider- able in lower vertebrates but in adult mammals re- duced to a slender passage, the aqueduct of Sylvius or Žter a fertio ad quartum zentriculum. Mesocoelia (mes-o-seſ-le-ah) [uédoc, middle ; Kotzia, cavity]. See Mesoceſe. Mesocephalic (mes-o-seſ-a/-ä) [uédoc, middle ; kepaññ, head]. See Megacephalic. M. Pillars, in entomology, a pair of strong rods running from the front to the back of the inside of the head of certain insects (e.g., bees), and attached by their extremities just outside and below the antennae, and at the rear of the head beneath and on each side of the occipital opening. (Cheshire.) Mesocephalism (mes-o-sef’-a/-īzm), (mes-o-sef’-a/-e) [uéoog, middle ; Kepa’ſ, head]. condition of having a mesocephalic skull. Mesocephalitis (mes-o-seſ-a/-ä’-ſis) [uédoc, middle ; kepazà, head; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mesocephalon or pons Varolii. Mesocephalon (mes-o-sef’-a/-on). Mesocerebrum (mes-o-ser/-e-brum). oliz. - Mesochil (mes-o-Ai/), Mesochilium (mes-o-ki/-e-um) [uéooc, middle; reizoc, lip]. In biology, the middle part of the tripartite labellum of certain orchids. Mesochondriac (mes-o-Aom/-are-a/º) [uéoog, middle ; róvápog, cartilage]. Situated between any two con- tiguous tracheal cartilages. Mesochoroidea (mes-o-Ao-roid-e'-ah) [uédoc. middle ; zóptov, the chorion; eiðog, like]. The middle coat of the choroid. Mesocolic (mes-o-Ko/-ić) [uéoog, middle; kóżon', colon]. Pertaining to the mesocolon. Mesocolon (mes-o Ko'-lon) [uéooç, middle; Różor, colon]. The mesentery connecting the colon with the posterior abdominal wall. It is divided into ascending, transverse, and descending parts. M., Sigmoid, the fold of the peritoneum connecting the sigmoid flexure with the left iliac fossa. Mesoconch (mes’-o-AongA) [uédoc, middle ; kó) ar, a shell]. Possessing an orbital index of from 80° to 859. Mesocoracoid (mes-o-Kor’-ak-oid’) [uédoc, middle ; Kópaş, a raven; eiðog, form]. In comparative an- atomy, situated between the hypercoracoid and the hypocoracoid; specifically an element in the shoulder- girdle of certain bony fishes. Mesocord (mes/-o-Kord) [uéooc, middle ; chorda, cord]. An abnormality of the umbilical cord in which, in- stead of being directly inserted into the placenta, it is received into a fold of the amnion arranged analogous to the meso-rectum This condition does not inter- fere with the health of the child. Mesocephaly The See Pons Varolii. See Pons War- MESOCORNEA Mesocornea (wes-o-Kor/-ne-ah) [uéoog, middle; corneus, horny]. The proper substance of the cornea lying between the ectocornea and the entocornea. Mesocranium (mes-o-Ara/-ne-um). Synonym of Vertex. Mesocuneiform (mes-o-ku/-me-iſ-orm) [uéoog, middle ; cuneus, wedge; forma, form]. The middle cunei- form bone of the tarsus. - Mesocyst (mes/-o-sist) [uéooc, middle; Küotic, bladder]. A double fold of peritoneum attaching the gall-blad- der to the liver. Mesoderm (mes’-0-derm) [uéoog, middle ; 68pua, skin]. In embryology, the middle of the three blastoder- mic layers of the germ in the metazoa. “The morphology of the mesoderm is one of the most vexed questions of the day. Scarcely an embryologist can be found who has not published opinions on this ques- tion considerably at variance with the opinions of others. It has been maintained that the mesoderm arises from the ectoderm ; that it arises from the ento- derm, or from both ; from neither, but from two spe- cial segmentation-spheres; that it has a double origin, part coming from the blastoderm, part from the yolk; and even that there is no mesoderm.” (Minot.) Mesodiastolic (mes-o-di-as-fo/-iö) [uéoog, middle; Öiao Tožň, diastole]. Occurring in the middle of the diastolic period. Mesodme (mes-od!’-me) [uegóðum]. See Mediastinum. Mesodmitis (mes-old-mi/-tis). See Mediastinitis. Mesodont (mes/-o-dont). See Macrodont. Mesoduodenum (mes-o-du-o-de/-num) [uéoog, middle ; duodeni, twelve each]. That part of the mesentery that sometimes connects the duodenum with the poste- rior wall of the abdominal cavity. Normally, the true duodenum has no mesentery, at least in its fully developed state. Mesoepididymis (mes-o-ep-id-id/-im-is) [uédoc, mid- dle ; $710,60pſc, epididymis]. The fold of the tunica vaginalis attaching the epididymis to the upper poste- rior part of the testis. Mesogaster (//les o-gasſ-ſer) [uéoog, middle ; Yao Tào, stomach]. The part of the primitive gut giving rise to the duodenum, the liver, the pancreas, the jejunum, and the ileum. Mesogastric (mes-o-gas/-/rik) [uéoog, middle ; Yao Tàp, stomach]. Pertaining to the umbilical region. Mesogastrium (mes-o-gas/-/re-z///) [uédog, middle ; yaatſºp, stomach]. I. The umbilical region of the abdomen. 2. A fold of mesentery, which, in early fetal life, connects the stomach with the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Mesogenous (mes-oj/-en-us) [uéooc, middle ; Yéung, born). In biology, increasing by growth at or from the middle, as the spores of certain fungi. Mesogloea (mes-o-g/e/-a/.) [Médoc, middle ; YWoía, glue]. In biology, applied to the intercellular matrix or ground-substance of certain organisms. Mesoglossal (mes-o-glos’-al) [uéoog, middle ; )?ó00a, tongue]. Pertaining to the middle of the tongue. Mesogluteus (mes-o-g/u/-/e-us) [uéooç, middle ; )?ovróg, the buttock]. The middle gluteal muscle. Mesognathic (mes-og-na/-//i4) [uéoog, middle ; Yváflog, jaw]. Relating to the mesognathion. See, also, Andex. Mesognathion yváffog, jaw]. (mes-og-na/-the-on) [uéoog, middle ; The intermaxillary bone. - Mesognathism (mes-og-mâ///-ism) [Auéoog, middle ; yváffog, jaw]. The presence of a mesognathion. Mesognathous (mes-og/-na-thus)[uéoog, middle; Yváffoc, jaw]. Having a gnathic index between 98 and 193. Mesognathy (mes-og/-na-the) [uéoog, middle ; yuá60ſ, jaw]. The character of having a gnathic index be- tween 98 and IO3. 750 MESOPATAGIUM Mesogonious (mes-og-o'-me-us) [uéoog, middle ; y \vv, knee]. Pertaining to the knee-joint. Mesogonium (mes-og-o'-me-um) [uéoog, middle; yºvog, producing : A/., Mesogonia]. In biology, one of the mesenteria of a chidarian, in which the gonades or re- productive glands are situated. Mesohepar (mes-o-he/-par) [uéooc, middle ; #rap, liver]. The peritoneal ſold attached to the right hepatic lobe in many animals. Mesolobe (mes/-o-lóð), Mesolobus (mes-o/-o-bus) [uéooç, middle; Žogóg, lobe]. The callosum. Mesolobic (mes-o-lo'-bić) [uédoc, middle; Zofláç, lobe]. Pertaining to the mesolobe. Mesology (mes-o/-oje) [uéooç, middle; 76).og, science]. The science of environment in its relation to life. Mesomental (mes-o-mem/-/a/)[uéoog, middle; omentum, omentum]. Relating to the middle of the omentum. Mesomeria (mes-o-me’-re-a/ ), Mesomerion (mes-o- me/-re-on) [uéoog, middle ; pimpóg, thigh]. The peri- In CUllm. - Mesometrion (mes-o-me/-/re-on). metrium. - Mesometritis (mes-o-me-tri/-/is) [uéoog, middle; uſirpa, womb ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the parenchyma of the womb. - ...: Mesometrium (mes-o-me’-tre-um), Mesometry (mes-o- met/-re) [uéoog, middle ; uíſpa, womb). The vascu- lar membranous tissue connecting the body of the womb with the adjoining parts ; the broad ligaments considered as one organ. Mesomphalion (mes-om-ſa/-le-on), Mesomphalium (mes-on-fa/-le-um), Mesomphalum (mes-om/-fa/-um) [uéoog, middle; bupcAóg, navel]. The middle of the umbilicus, or the umbilicus itself. Meson (mes/-on) [uéoog, the middle]. The imaginary plane in the body extending from the dorsal to the ventral aspect, and from the caudal to the cephalic extremity, and serving to divide the body into sym- metric right and left halves. The middle or median Synonym of Aſeso- plane. Mesonasal (mes-o-na/-sal) [ſuéooç, middle ; masus, nose]. Pertaining to the median region of the nose. Mesonephric (mues-o-me/7-rić), Mesonephritic (mes-o- meſ-rit/-īk) [uéoog, middle ; vegpög, kidney]. Pertain- ing to the mesonephron. Mesonephron (mes-o-me/7-ron), Mesonephros (mes-o- ne/7-ros) [uéoog, middle ; vegpög, kidney]. I. The Wolffian body, primitive, kidney, archinephron, corps de Wolff, or Urmiere; a body arising from the posterior portion of the Wolffian or nephridial ridge of the ver- tebrate embryo. It is the chief renal organ through- out life in the anamnia, whereas in the amniota it dis- appears during embryonic life, to be replaced by the true kidney, a small portion being retained in connec- tion with the sexual organs. 2. The mesentery for the kidney. Mesonotal (mes-o-mo'-tal) [uéoog, middle; vöTog, back]. Pertaining to the Mesonotum, 7. v. Mesonotum (mes-o-mo/-ſum) [uéoog, middle ; vöTog, the back]. In biology, the medio-dorsal portion of the thorax of an insect. Mesopanencephalus (mes-o-pan-en-sef’-al-us) [uéooç, middle ; tāv, all ; Śyképażog, brain]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the lines drawn from the nasion and the basion to the punctum alae vomeris is between 163° and 165.5°. Mesoparapteron (mes-o-far-aft'-ter-on) [uéooc, middle; trapá, beyond ; Trepôv, wing]. In biology, the third sclerite of the mesopleuron ; the parapteron of the mesothoracic segment. Mesopatagium (mes-o-far-a/-je-um) [uéooc, middle ; Tatayelov, the border of a gown]. In biology, that MESOPHLEBION 751 part of the wing-membrane of bats which is limited by the vertical terminal branch of the intercosto- humeral line, by the forearm, and the fifth metacarpal bone and phalanges. Cf. Dactylo-patagium, Actopata- gium. (Allen.) Mesophlebion (mes-oſieb/-e-on), Mesophlebium (mes- o:/leb/-e-um) [uéooç, middle; phéðtov, vein]. I. The middle coat of a vein. 2. The space between two veins. Mesophlebitis (mes-o-fte-bi/-tis) [uédoc, middle ; 42.Éip, vein; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the middle coat of a vein, or mesophlebion. Mesophloeum (mes-o:/ie/-um) [uégog, middle ; photóg, bark]. In biology, the green or middle layer of the bark. Mesophragm (mes’-o-fram), Mesophragma (mes-o- frag/-ma/.) [uédoc, middle; ºpáyga, partition : pl., Aſesophragmata]. In biology, a stiff plate between the meso-thorax and the meta-thorax in certain insects (e.g., bees), giving attachment to part of the muscles of the organs of flight. (Cheshire.) Mesophryon (mes-off’-re-on) [uédoc, middle ; bºpüç, eyebrow]. The glabella. - Mesophyl (mes/-o-ſil) [uéooç, middle; hiſ??ov, a leaf J. In biology, all the parenchyma or soft inner tissue of a leaf, between the layers of epidermis. - Mesophyllum (mes-o-fi/-um). Same as Mesophyl. Mesophyte (mes/-o-fit), Mesophytum (mes-off’-it-um) [uéaoc, middle; ºvtóv, a plant; pl., Mesophyta). In biology, the line of demarcation between the inter- node and the petiole; the collar. Mesopic (mes-op/-ä) [uédoc, middle ; top, face]. Having small and retreating malar bones, with a naso-malar index of from IO7.5 to I Io. Mesoplast (mes/-o-plast) [uéoog, middle; Taotóg, verbal adj. of Tââogetv, to form, to mold]. In biol- ogy, the nuclear protoplasm of a cell-nucleus; the en- doplast. Mesoplastron (mes-o-plas/-fron) [uéooc, middle; Fr., //astron, a breast-plate]. In biology, the median and anterior plate of the plastrom. - Mesopleura (mes-o-pluſ-rah) [uéoog, middle ; T2evpſi, rib]. An intercostal space. Mesopleurius, Mesopleurus (mes-o-pluſ-re-us, mes-o- A/u/-rus) [uédog, middle; Tāsvpá, rib]. Pertaining to the spaces between the ribs. In the plural, the inter- costal spaces. Mesopleuron (mes-o-p/u/-ron) [uéooç, middle; Thevpóv, a rib]. In biology, one of the lateral pieces or pleura of the mesothorax of an insect. Mesopodialia (mes o-po-de-a/-le-ah) ſuédog, middle; Toíg (Tod-), foot]. In osteology, a collective term applied to the bones of the carpus and tarsus con- sidered as forming a segment of the ſore-limb or hind- limb. Cf. Alſetapodialea. Mesopodium (mes-o-poſ-de-tºm) [uédoc, middle; toic, foot; pl., Mesopodia]. In biology, the middle region of the foot of a gasteropod or pteropod, as distin- guished from the propodium and metapodium. Mesoprosopic (mes-o-pros-o/-pić) [uéoog, middle ; Toéaotov, face]. Having a face of moderate breadth; not chameprosopic or leptoprosopic. Mesopsyche (mes-of-si'-ke) [uéoog, middle ; soul]. Haeckel's term for the mesencephalon. Mesopterygium (mes-of-fer-ij/-e-um) [uéoog, middle ; Trepºytov, a little wing: pl., Mesopterygia]. In biol- ogy, the middle, basal cartilage in the pterygium of a fish, between the propterygium and the metapterygium. Mesoraic (mes-or-a/-ä). Synonym of Mesenterie. Mesorchion (mes-or/-ke-on), Mesorchis (mes-or/-kis), Mesorchium (mes-or/-ke-um) [uéoog, middle; 6pxtc. testicle]. A fold of the peritoneum containing the fetal testes at about the fifth month, before their descent. bvxi), MESOSTATE Mesorcin (mes-or/-sin), Mesorcinol (mues-or/-sin-o/). [geoit/ſ, a mediator], CaFitzO,. A substance obtained from dinitro-mesitylene. It sublimes in shining leaflets, melts at 150° C., and distils at 275° C. Mesorectum (mes-o-reſº/-ſum) [uéoog, middle ; "ectus, straight]. The narrow fold of the peritoneum con- necting the upper part of the rectum with the sacrum. Mesoretina (mes-o-ret/-in-ah) [uédoc, middle ; re/ina, retina]. The middle layer of the retina, composed of the nuclear and the rod-and-cone layer. T he mesoretina is also called the mosaic layer. Mesorhine (mes/-or-in) [prœaoc, middle; bic, nose]. Having a nasal index between 48° and 52°. See Zn- aſex. Mesorhinium (mes-o-rin’-e-um) [ſuédoc, middle ; big, the nose : pl., Aſesor/linia]. In biology, the part between the nostrils, as the beak of a bird. Mesoropter (mes-o-rop/-ter) [uédoc, middle ; boundary; 67 Teoffat, to sleep). The normal position of the eyes when their muscles are at rest. M., Muscular, the angle formed by the visual axes of the eyes when the external ocular muscles are at rest. Mesorrhine (mes/-or-in). See Mesorhine. Mesosalpinx(mes-o-sa/~pingás) [uéoog, middle; Gá774) #, a trumpet]. A falciform, double fold of peritoneum bounded above by the Fallopian tube, internally by the lateral wall of the uterus, externally by the tubo- ovarian fimbria and the ligamentum infundibulo-ovari- cum of Henle, and inferiorly by the ovary and the utero-ovarian ligament Mesoscapula (mes-o-skap/-tt-Mah) [uédoc, middle ; scaf- zela, shoulder-blade]. The scapular spine. Mesoscelocele (mes-o-ske/-o se/) [uédoc, middle ; akézog, leg; kážm, tumor]. Perineal hernia. Mesoscelophyma (mes-o-ske/-o-fi/-mah) [uédoc, middle; oké%og, leg; pina, tumor]. A perineal tumor. Mesoscelus (mes-os/-äe/-us) [uéooç, middle ; oréZog, leg). The perineum. Mesoscutellum (mes-o-sku-te/-um) [uédoc, middle ; scute/lum, a little shield]. In biology, the scutellar sclerite of the mesothorax. Mesoscutum (mes-o-sku’-tum) [uéooc, middle ; scutum, a shield]. In biology, the scutum of the mesonotum. Mesoseme (mes/-o-sém) [uéoog, middle; ajua, sign, index]. Having a moderate orbital index. See Zn- der. Mesosigmoid (mes-o-sig’-moid) [uéoog, middle ; aiyua, sigma;- sióog, form]. The mesentery of the sigmoid flexure of the colon. Mesoskeleton (mes-o-skel/-et-on) [uéooc, middle ; oxe7- stóv, skeleton]. The internal skeleton of an animal of mesodermic origin. Mesosoma (wres-o-so'-mah) [uéooc, middle; adua, the body: //, //esosomata]. In biology, the middle re- gion of the body. Especially is the term applied to lamellibranchiate molluscs to distinguish it from the prosoma and the metasoma, Mesosperm (mes’-o-sperm) [uéooc, middle ; atºpua, seed]. In biology, the inner coat or integument of the ovule. Cf. Seczema'izze. Mesospore (mes'-o-spor) [uédoc, middle; orópoc, seed]. In biology : I. The middle coat of a spore having three coats. 2. A spore of moderate size. Mesostaphyline (mes-o-staf’-iſ-in) [uéoog, middle ; a Tadvāń, the uvula]. In craniometry, a term applied to a skull having a palatal index of from 80° to 85°. Mesostate (mes'-o-stat) [uéoog, middle; a Tatóg, placed]. A generic term for the intermediate substances formed in the metabolic processes of secretion, nutrition, or cell-metamorphosis, between the less complex forms of the ingesta up to and through those of the highest complexity and instability (anabolism), and back again ôpog, MESOSTERNAL to the simpler end-products of the katabolic processes. Those metastates formed in the “ascending staircase” —synthetic or anabolic—are called Anastates. Those of the descending staircase—analytic katabolic—are called Catastates. See Anabolin, Áatabolin, Al/etabolin. Mesosternal (mes-o-ster/-na/) [uéoog, middle ; orépyov, breast-bone]. Pertaining to the mesosternum. Mesosternebra (mes-o-ster/-me/-ra/) [uéoog, middle; sternebra, sternum.J. Any sternebra that helps to make up the mesosternum or its homologue in any lower animal. Mesosternum (mes-o-ster/-num) [uéoog, middle; otép- vov, the sternum.]. I. In biology, the large ventral | Sclerite of an insect between the legs of the second thoracic segment. 2. The gladiolus, or second piece of the sternum. Mesostethium (mes-o-ste/-the-um) [uédoc, middle; ot/biov, dim. of otijbog, the breast; pl., Mesostethia]. In biology, the large ventral sclerite of an insect be- tween the bases of the middle and posterior legs; the metaSternum. Mesosthenic (mes-o-sthen/-ić) [uédoc, middle ; offévoc, strength]. Having a moderate degree of muscular force. - Mesostomatous (mes-o-sto/-mat-us), Mesostomous (mes-os/-to-mus) [uéoog, middle ; otóga, mouth]. Having the mouth situated in the middle of the body. Mesostylous (mes-o-sti/-/us) [uéoog, middle; orižog, a pillar]. In biology, having styles of intermediate length in heterostyled plants. Mesotarsal (mes-o-tar/-sa/). Synonym of Mediotarsal. Mesotarsus (mes-o-tar/-sus) [uéoog, middle; Tápoog, any broad, flat surface : pl., Mesotarsi]. In biology, the tarsus of the middle or second leg of a hexapod insect. • Mesothelioma (mes-o-the-le-o'-mah) [uéooç, middle; th/Wł, nipple; bud, a tumor]. A variety of epithe- lioma supposed to be developed from the mesoblast. Mesothelium (mes-o-theſ-le-um) [uéooç, middle; 6/2%, the nipple]. In biology, an epithelial arrangement assumed by the mesodermic cells which bound the cavities formed in the mesoderm of a metazoan em- bryo ; the peritoneal epithelium. Mesothenar (mes-o-theſ-mar) [uéoog, middle ; tāvap, palm]. The muscle drawing the thumb toward the palm of the hand; the adductor pollicis. Mesothermal (mes-o-ther/-/tal) [uéoog, middle ; flápum, heat]. Of medium warmth. * Mesothoracotheca (mes-o-º/o-raž-o-the’-kah) [uéoog, middle ; flápaş, chest; flhicſ), a case ; pl., Aſesotho- racothecae]. In entomology, that portion of a pupa- case covering the mesothorax. Mesothorax (mes-o-tho/-ra/s) [uéoog, middle; flápaş, chest]. In entomology, the second or intermediate segment of the thorax of an insect; to it are joined the second pair of legs and the first pair of wings. Mesotic (mes-o/-ä) [uegóTmc, the middle]. Pertain- ing to, or affecting, the median or parenchymatous tissues. Mesotocatarrhus (mues-of-o-AEaſ-ar/-us) [uéooç, middle; oùg, ear; Katábhog, catarrh]. Catarrh of the middle €2.I. Mesotoechitis (mes-o-te-ki/-tis) [uegótotyoc, dividing wall; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the meso- toechium. Mesotoechium (mes-o-te/-ke-um) [uéoérouxog, dividing wall]. The mediastinum. Mesotomic (mes-o-tom/-īk) [uéooç, middle; topiń, a cutting]. Pertaining to mesotomism. Mesotomism (mes-o/-o-mizm) [uéoog, middle ; Topſfi, a cutting]. The process of separating optically opposite isomers. 752 METACARPEN Mesotrocha (mes-of/-ro-kah) [uédoc, middle; 6%paš, chest]. In embryology, that form of vermian and molluscan larva in which one or two rows of cilia are present in the middle of the body, and the character- istic telotrochal rings are absent. Cf. Atrocha, Mono- trocha, Zºlotrocha, A'odytrocha, Mototrocha, Gastero- trocha, Amphitrocha, Actinotrocha, Z)-ochophora. Mesoturbinal (mes-o-ter/-bin-al) [uéoog, middle; turbo, a wheel]. The lower part of the ectethmoid, over- hanging the middle nasal meatus. Mesotympanic (mes-o-tim-pan/-ić) [uédoc, middle ; Túpatravov, a drum]. See Symplectic. Mesovarium (mes-o-za’-re-um) [uéoog, middle; ova- rium, ovary]. A peritoneal fold connecting the ovary to the broad ligament. Mesoventral (mes-o-ven/-tral) [uéoog, middle; venter, belly]. Both median and ventral. Mesoxalic Acid (mes-oks-a/-ä) [uéooc, middle; 6:ažić, Sorrel), C3H2O3 + H2O. A crystalline acid obtained in several ways from alloxan and from amidomalonic acid. Mesoxalylurea (mes-oks-al-i/-u/-re-ah). Aoxazz. Mesozoa (mes-o-zo/-ah) [uéoog, middle ; ſóov, animal]. A class of animals intermediate between the protozoa and the metazoa. Mesquite (mes/-kit). See Mezquite. Mestica (mes/-täk-ah). Same as Cochineal. Mestome (mes/-täm) [uéotoſta, fulness]. In biology, that portion of a fibrovascular bundle which is essen- tially conductive, as distinguished from the supporting tissue, stereome. Meta- (met/-a/-) [uerá, among or between]. A prefix signifying over, beyond, among, between, change, or transformation. For many meta- organic compounds see the corresponding words without the prefix. Meta-acetphenetidin (met-ah-as-et-fem-et/-id-in). See A hexacetºn. Metabasis (met-ab/-as-is) [uetá, over; 3aivetv, to go]. Any radical change in a disease. Also, a change in the treatment of a disease. Metabole (met-ab’-o-le). also of Metabasis. Metabolia (met-aē-o'-le-ah). /ism. Metabolic (met-aē-o/-ik) [ueraffožň, change]. Pertain- ing to metabolism. M. Equilibrium, the equality between the absorption and assimilation of food, and the excretion of effete or end-products. Metabolin (met-a/-o-lin) [ueta}ožň, change]. duct of metabolism ; a metabolite or mesostate. Metabolism (/, /-a.0/-o-ligm) [ustaffožň, change]. A change taking place in the intimate condition of cells whereby their molecule becomes more complex or contains more force—anabolism—or less complex— Aatabolism. The former process is also called con- structive or syn//he/ic metabolism, the latter, destructive metabolism. The power that organized bodies possess of continually using up and renewing the matter com- posing the body. Metabolite (met-ab/-0-lit) [ustaffožň, change]. product of metabolic change ; any mesostate. Metabolize (metab’-o-ſiz) [uetaffožň, change]. To transform by means of metabolism. - Metabolous (mez-ab/-o-lus). Synonym of Metabolic. Metaboly (metab/-o-le) [uetaffožň, later also ustaffožía, change, exchange]. Same as Metabolism. Metacarpal (met-ak-ar/-pa/) [uerakāpirtov, wrist]. Per- taining to the metacarpus, or to any bone of the metacarpus. Metacarpen (met-ak-ar/-pen) ſustakāpiriov, Belonging to the metacarpus in itself. Same as A/- Synonym of Metabolism, Synonym of Metabo- A pro- Any wrist]. METACARPO-PHALANGEAL Metacarpo-phalangeal (met-aſſ-ar/-po-pha-lam/je-a!) [uetakāpiriov, wrist; $6%ayś, phalanx]. Belonging to the metacarpus and the phalanges. Metacarpus (met-a/-ar/-pus) [uetá, beyond; Kaptóg, wrist]. The bones, five in number, of the palm of the hand ; that part between the carpus and the phalanges. Metacasein Reaction. The coagulation of milk on boiling, after treatment with pancre- atic extracts. Metacele, Metacelia (met/-as-el, met-as-e'- ſe-ah) [uetá, beyond; Kothia, cavity]. The caudal or metencepha- lic portion of the fourth ventricle. Metacellulose (met-as- e/-u-lós) [uetá, along with ; cellula, a cell]. An isomer of cellulose, with which it agrees in being soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, and from which it differs in being in- soluble in cupric am- 1. monia even after the addition of acids. Cf. Paracellulose. BONEs of THE HAND, SHowING THE METACARPUs. Scaphoid. 2. Semilunar. 3. Cuneiform. 4. Pisiform. 5. . Trapezium. 6. Groove for ten- don of flexor carpi radialis. 7. Trapezoid. 8. Os magnum. - irics; ºf ºf ºf a fº jº's Unciform. Io, Io. Metacarpäi Metacherisis (met aft bones. I I, II. First phalanges 2 -ris-is), Metacheir- of fingers. 12, 12. Second pha- ismus (met-a/-ī-riz'- langes. 13, 13. Third pha; langes. I4. First phalanx of mus)[uetá, with; reip, hand]. Manipulation in the treatment of disease. - Metachloral (met-a/-lo'-ral) [uetá, beyond; 3%póc, green]. A tasteless, polymeric form of chloral, said to have properties not unlike those of chloral hydrate. Unof. Metachoresis (met-ak-o'-res-is) [uetá, beyond; 26pmac, a going]. Metastasis; dislocation. Metachromasia (met-ak-ro-ma’-ze-ah) [uetá, beyond; Aſpöua, color]. The chemico-chromatic changes in- duced in cells by the staining substances employed in histologic technic. Metachromatism (mer-ak-ro’-mat-izm) [uetá, after; Apôpia, color]. Change of color, as of the hair. Metachrosis hº -sis) [uetá, beyond ; Apóševº, to tinge, to stain]. In biology, applied to the change or play of colors seen in the squid, chameleon, and other animals. Metachysis (met-a/-is-is) [uetá, beyond; Yūgic, effu- sion]. The transfusion of blood. Also, the intro- duction of any substance into the blood by mechan- ical means. . . Metacinesis (met-as-in-e'-sis). Synonym of Meta&imesis. Metacism (me!’-as-izm) [uvraktapioc, from piv, letter m). Repetition of the letter m. Metacondyle (met-ak-on/-diſ) [uerá, after; kóvóvãoc, thumb. 15. Second phalanx. knuckle]. Any distal phalanx of a finger, or the bone thereof. Metacone (met/-ak-5m) [uerá, beyond; kóvoc, cone]. The outer posterior cusp of an upper molar tooth. Metaconid (met-ak-o'-mid) [uetá, beyond ; kóvoc, cone]. The inner anterior cusp of a lower molar tooth. Metaconule (met-ak-o'-nāl) [uetá, beyond; kóvoc, cone]. The posterior intermediate cusp of an upper molar tooth. 753 METALLIC Metacrolein (met-ak-roſ-le-in) [uetá, beyond; acer, sharp ; oleum, oil], (CaFIAO)3. A product of the burning of the HCl compound of acrolein with alka- lies or potassium carbonate. It crystallizes from alcohol in tablets, fusing at from 45° to 46°C., and dissociating at I60° C. Metacyesis (met-as-à-e'-sis) [uetá, beyond; kimatc, gestation]. Extra-uterine gestation, especially that which is begun in the oviduct and continued in the abdominal cavity. Metadermatosis (met-ad-er-mat-o/-sis) [uetá, beyond; ôépſta, skin ; vödog, disease]. A pathologic produc- tion of epidermis. Metadrasis (met-ad-ra/-sis) [uetá, over; 6pāoug, exer- tion]. Overwork of body or mind. Metafacial (met-aſ-a/-shal) [uetá, beyond ; facies, face]. Posterior to the face. Metagaster (met-ag-asſ-fer) [uetá, beyond; yao Tàp, stomach]. The primitive digestive tube from which the respiratory organs are developed. Metagastrula (met-ag-asſ-tru - Zah) [uetá, beyond; yaatöp, belly]. A modification of segmentation, pro- ducing a form of gastrula differing from the simple gastrula of the amphioxus. Metagenesis (met-aj-en/-es-is) [uetá, beyond, after; Yéveatſ, production]. In biology, indirect develop- ment, or the alternation of differently-formed genera- tions which multiply in different ways, i. e., sexually or gemmiparously. Metagenetic, Metagenic (met-aſ-en-et/-ik, met-aſ-en’- ić) [uetá, beyond; yéveog, origin]. Relating to metagenesis. Metaglycerin (met-ag-lis/-er-in) [uetá, beyond; ; Ža- Kępóg, sweet], CsPII.O.. An oily substance derived from glycerin by heating a solution of it in water to IOO° C. or by treating glycerin with hydrochloric acid. Metagnathism (met-ag/-na-thizm) [uetá, beyond; Yváflog, the jaw]. In biology, applied to the crossing of the mandibles, as seen in certain birds, e.g., Zo via czarzirostra. Metakinesis (met-ak-in-e'-sis) [uétá, toward; Kivijac, movement, change]. I. In biology, Waldeyer's term for the pithode, or barrel-stage of cell-division, in which the secondary threads or loops tend to pass toward the two poles of the nuclear spindle. 2. Any psychologic exhibition coördinate or correlate of kinesis. See A272esis. Metakresol (met-aſſ-re/-so/) [ueTá, along with ; spéac, flesh ; oleum, oil], C.HsO2. A phenol isomeric with kresol. It boils at 201° C. (398.8° F.) and has an odor like that of carbolic acid. Metal (mez'-a') [uéražňov, a metal]. Any elementary substance distinguished by malleability, ductility, fusibility, and the basic character of its oxid. Metalbumin (mez-a/-äx-min). See Para/bzºn. Metalepsy (met/-a/-ep-se) [uetážmpic, participation]. In chemistry, change or variation produced by the displacement of an element or radicle in a compound by its chemic equivalent. It is the same as Subs/i- tution, 7. 29. * Metaleptic (met-a/-ep/-tić) [uerážypic, participation]. Relating to metalepsy; also applied to a muscle, asso- ciated in its movement with another. - Metallage, Metallaxis (met/-a/-ä), met-a/-aks/-īs). Synonym of Alſetabasis, Q. v. Metallenterophthisis (met-a/-en-ter-off’-this-is) [uéray- Žov, metal; Kutepov, intestine ; ºffiotç, wasting]. In- testinal wasting or phthisis caused by metallic poison- Ing. Metallic (met-a/-ä) [uéražov, metal]. Resembling a metal. M. Base for Artificial Teeth, a metallic plate adapted to such portion of the alveolar arch as 48 METALLIFORM is deprived of natural teeth, and is supplied with an artificial sºbstitute. Gold and platinum are the most suitable metals for this purpose, and those usually employed by American dentists; but silver is also very frequently used. M. Taste, a peculiar taste observed in certain diseases, and also after the ingestion of some of the metallic poisons. M. Tinkling, the peculiar quality given to a sound produced in a cavity in a tuberculous lung, or in a pleural Sac containing a liquid exudate and a layer of air above it. M. Tractors, the instruments used by Perkins in his system of metallo-therapy. See Peréinism. Metalliform (met-a/-äform). See Metallic. Metalline (met/-a/-en) [uéražov, metal]. of metal. Metallochymia (met-al-o-Aim/-e-ah) [uéta??ov, metal; zvučía, chemistry]. The chemistry of metals. Metallodynia (met-al-o-din'-e-ah) [uéta??ov, metal; ôóivm, pain]. Pain caused by metallic poisoning. Metalloid (met/-al-oid) [uéražov, metal; eiðog, form]. Consisting I. Resembling a metal in luster and color. 2. Any non-metallic element. Metallophagia (met-al-o-fa’-je-ah), Metallophagy (met-a/-off’-a-ſe) [uéta??ov, metal; Qayeiv, to eat]. The insane impulse to swallow metallic objects. Metalloscopy (meſ-a/-osſ-Åo-pe) [uéta%20v, a metal; okoTétv, to examine]. ternal application what metals or metallic substances act most easily and favorably upon a given person. See also Metal/otherapy. Metallotherapy (met-al-o-ther/-ap-e) [uéražov, metal; tepaireia, therapy]. A method of treating certain hysteric or paralytic affections by the application of different metals to the affected part. There is usually a transfer of the anesthesia or paralysis to the limb of the other side. This method is called also Burcquism and Metalloscopy. An old method of similar character was called Æerāzzzism. Metallotoxemia (met-al-o-toks-e'-me-a/.) [uéražov, metal ; Toštkóv, poison ; alpa, blood]. Toxemia, or blood-poisoning, due to the ingestion of a metal. Metamere (me/-am-èr) [uetá, after ; piépoc, part]. Any one of the theoretic segments of a vertebrate animal. Metameric (met-am-er/-i}) [uetá, after ; uépoc, part]. A qualification applied to isomeric bodies containing several different carbon groups held in combination by an atom of higher valence. Metamerid (met-am/-er-id) [uetá, after; plápoc, part]. A group of metameric bodies; usually applied to the more complex metameric substances. Metamerism (met-am/-er-izºn) [uétá, after; plépoc, a part]. A change in the arrangement of the parts or atoms of a chemic compound ; a form of isomerism. Metamethylphenol (met-am-et/-i/fe/-no/). Same as Meſa/ºreso/. Metamorphia (met-am-or’sſe-ah). moſphin. Metamorphic (met-am-or/ſi/%) [uetá, across; poppſ, form]. Pertaining to metamorphosis; also synonymous with metamorphous. Metamorphin (met-am-or/ſin) [uetá, beyond; Mor- pheus, the god of sleep). tion-product obtained from the mother-liquor of mor- phin-manufacture. It is said to be narcotic and su- dorific, but is little known and seldom used. Unof. Metamorphism (met-am-or/ſizm). See Metamorphosis. Metamorphology (met-am-or-fo/-oje), [ſuetaſtópſhootſ, a transformation ; Aóyog, Science]. In biology, the science of the changes of form passed through by individual organisms in the course of their life-his- tories. Synonym of Meta- '754 The art of determining by ex- An alkaloidal decomposi- METANIL-YELLOW Metamorphopsia (met-am-or-ſop/-se-ah), Metamor- phopsy (met-am-or/ſop-se) [uetapoppóelv, to change shape; Śiptſ, sight]. An apparent distortion or change of form of objects, supposed to be produced by changes in the relative position of the retinal end- Organs. Metamorphosing (met-am-or-ſo/-zing) [uetaplóppetv, to change shapel. Altering; changing. M. Breath- sound, a variety of breathing related to the existence of a cavity. It occurs only in inspiration, and consists of a very harsh sound, which lasts for about one-third of the period of inspiration, when it is continued as blowing respiration, attended with metallic echo or ordinary rāles. It is produced by the air entering the cavity through a narrow opening. - Metamorphosis (met-am-or’-ſo-sis) [uetá, across; poppóelv, to change). A term denoting the structural changes in form which all organisms undergo during their development from the embryonic to the adult stage. It is applied particularly to that form of sexual reproduction in which the embryo undergoes a series of marked changes of external form (e.g., the chrys- alis, the pupa-stage, etc.), and in none of which reproduction is possible until the sexually developed form (the imago-stage of butterflies) is produced. In pathology, a degeneration. M., Complete, in insects, the three stages of metamorphosis, larva, pupa, imago. M., Hemimetabolic, a metamorphosis in which the succeeding stages do not differ much, although the first and last stages may present great variations. M., Holometabolic. See AZ., Complete. M., Regres- sive, M., Retrograde, a disintegrating change ; a degeneration; also the change of an organ from a higher to a lower type. M., Viscous, the agglu- tination of blood-plaques and their conversion into a thrombus. Metamorphous (met-am-or/-fus) [uetá, across; popp- 6etv, to change]. Amorphous, but with a tendency to crystallize. - - Metamorphy (met-am-or/ºfe). phosis. Metamylene (met-am/-iſ-en) [uetá, across; āſav?ov, starch], CooHo. A derivative of the polymers of amylene, produced by heating amylic alcohol with sul- phuric or phosphoric acid, or with zinc chlorid. Metanaphthalene (met-an-of/-/ha/-en) [uetá, beyond; vápffa, naphtha). A decomposition-product obtained by the destructive distillation of resin. It is isomeric with naphthalene, and boils at 235° C. Metanaphthalin (met-an-af’-tha/-īn) [uetá, beyond; vápffa, naphtha). A solid hydrocarbon, insoluble in water, soluble in hot alcohol, in ether, and in naphtha, obtained in one stage of the dry distillation of a resin. Metanauplius (met-am-aw/-ple-us) [uerá, after; nau- plius ; vaig, a ship; TWeiv, a sail: pl. , Metanauplii). In biology, a larval crustacean at a certain stage of development. Metanephric (met-am-ef’-rić) [uetá, after; veðpóg, kid- ney]. Pertaining to the metanephros. . Metanephros, Metanephron (met-an-ef’-ros, met-an- ef’-ron) [uetá, after; veppóç, kidney]. In biology, the kidney proper of vertebrates. The posterior of the three segmental bodies of the fetus; it forms the rudiment of the permanent kidney and ureter. It is a special portion of the Wolffian body, that develops late, and only occurs in the amniota as a gland dis- tinct from the mesonephros. Cf. Pronephros, Meso- nephros. Metanil-yellow (met/-an-i/-ye/-o). Sodium-phenyl- amido-benzol-meta-sulphonate ; a substance used in counter-staining tissues. See Pigments, Conspec/us of Synonym of Metamor- METANOTUM Metanotum (meſ-an-o'-tum) [ſuerá, behind; vörov, the back: //, //e/anota]. In biology, the third and last segment of the notum, or dorsal part of the meta- thorax of an insect. Metaparapteron (met-ap-ar-ap/-ter-on) [uetá, with ; Tapá, beside; Trepév, wing: pl., Melaparaptera]. In biology, the third sclerite in the metapleuron of an insect. Metapedium (met-ap-e'-de-um). Synonym of Meta- £azººds. Metapeptone (met-ap-ep/-tän) [uetá, beyond; Télug, digestion]. A substance obtained by Meissner from the fluid resulting from the acid peptic digestion of any proteid after the parapeptone had been removed. The latter having been removed by filtration, to the filtrate was added some acid, and a precipitate was secured, to which was given the foregoing name. Meissner further describes a residue insoluble in dilute acids, but solu- ble in dilute alkalies, that made its appearance during the digestion of casein, and to this he gave the name of dyspeptone. Metapeptone is said to be intermedi- ate between parapeptone and dyspeptone. Metaphases (met-aſ-a/-zès) [uetá, after, following; páotç, a phase]. In biology, the final phase or set of phenomena of karyokinesis, from the division of the nuclear fibrils to the separation of the daughter-nuclei. (Strasburger.) Cf. Anaphases, Prophases. Metaphenylendiamin (met-aſ-en-iſ-en-di/-am-in)[uerá, beyond; phenylendiamin J. A base similar in action to the toxic ptomains, quickly producing death in ani- mals, preceded by ptyalism, vomiting, diarrhea, and ex- cessive urinary secretion. See Paraphenylendiamin. Metaphery (met-af’-er-e) [uerá, over; pépetv, to carry]. In biology, the transposition or displacement of floral organs. Metaphlogosis (met-aſ-ſo-go’-sis) [uetá, beyond; ©26)00tg, a burning]. Severe inflammation with much engorgement, but of short duration. Metaphosphoric Acid (met-aſ-os-for’-ić)[uetá, beyond; phosphorus]. See Acid, Phosphoric. M. Test for Albumin. See Tests, Zable of - Metaphrenon (met-af’-ren-on) [uetá, beyond; ppāv, diaphragm]. The space between the shoulders. Metaphysical (met-afiz'-ić-al) [uetá, after; ºvotká, physics]. Of or pertaining to metaphysics. M. Mania, doubting insanity. M. School, a name as- sumed for an alleged system of medicine; the so- called mind-cure. Metaphysician (met-aſ-is-ish/-an) [uetá, after; ºvatká, physics]. A term that has been applied to one who practises the mind-cure. Metaphysicist (met-afiz'-is-ist). C2&72. Metaphysics (met-of-iº/-ićs) [uetá, beyond; Øſatº, nature]. That science which includes the investiga- tion and discussion of the nature of mind and all supersensible phenomena. M., Medical, the con- sideration of the essential nature and cause of disease. The philosophy of disease. Metaphysis (met-af’-is-is). phosis. Metaplasia (meſ-ap-la/-ze-ah) [uerá, beyond; T2éogety, to form]. A transformation of a tissue into another without the intervention of an embryonal tissue. It occurs only among tissues closely related, and is most common in the connective tissues. Fibrous tissue may be transformed directly into bone, myxomatous into adipose tissue. Metaplasia occurs also in epithe- lium. Metaplasis (met-ap'-las-is) [uetá, over; Thäolc, forma- tion]. Fulfilled growth and development seen in the stage between anaplasis and cataplasis. Same as /l/etaphysi- Synonym of Metamor- '755 METASPONDYLUM Metaplasm (met/-a/-/azm) [uetá, beyond; 726.aua, molded material]. In biology, the name given by Hanstein to the granular substances mingled with pro- toplasm. Properly, protoplasm that has passed be- yond its highest stage of perfection ; a catastate. The term is used also as a synonym of amasſate, and as a general term for both anastates and catastates. Metaplastic (met-ap-las/-tié) [uetá, beyond; Taoukóg, plastic]. Pertaining to metaplasia. Metapleuron (wet-aft-lu'-ron) [uetá, with ; T2ewpév, a rib : pl. , Metapleura]. In biology, one of the lateral divisions of the metathorax of an insect. Metaplex (me/-aft-leås), Metaplexus (met-ap-leks/-us) [uetá, behind ; plexus, a twining]. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. Metapneustic (met-aft-müs’-tić) [uetá, behind; Twev- oTakóg, of or for breathing]. In biology, applied to that state of the tracheal system in insect larvae in which all the stigmata remain closed, except the last pair, through adaptation to parasitism or an aquatic life. Metapodialia (met-ap-o-de-a/-le-ah) [uetá, behind ; Toíg, foot]. In osteology, a collective term applied to the bones of the metacarpus and metatarsus con- sidered as a segment of the fore-limb or hind-limb, respectively. Cf. Mesopodialia. Metapodium (met-ap-o’-de-um) [uetá, behind; Toig, foot: £1., Metapodia]. In biology, the posterior of * the three sections into which the foot of some mol- luscs may be divided. A synonym of A/eſatarsus. Cf. Mesopodium, Propodium. Metapophysis (met-ap-off’-is-is) [uerá, after; &Tóðvatº, offshoot]. A mammillary process, such as is seen upon the lumbar vertebrae. Metapore (met/-ap-or) [uerá, behind; Tópoc, passage]. The foramen of Magendie ; a mesal orifice in the metatela. Metapsyche (met-apº-sik-e) [uetá, behind; puriff, soul]. In anatomy, Haeckel's term for the hind-brain or met- encephalon. - Metapsychosis (mez-ap-si- Ko/-sis) [uetá, beyond; pix@otç, psychosis]. Same as 7 elepathy. Metapterygium (met-aft-ſer-j'-e-um) [uetá, behind ; Treptºſtov, a little wing: //, /l/etapfervºir). In biol- ogy, the most posterior of the basal cartilages in the pterygium of a fish. Metapterygoid (met-ap-fer/-ig-oid’) [ustá, beyond; Trépuš, wing]. Placed behind the pterygoid bone. Metaptosis (met-aft-to/-sis) [uetá, beyond ; Trögg, a falling]. Metastasis; sudden metabolic change. Metarrhea (met-ar-e'-a/). Synonym of A/eſastasis. Metarrhysis (met-ar/-is-is). Synonym of Alſetastasis. Metasaccharic Acid (meſ-as-ak-ay’-ić). See Acid. Metasaccharin (met-as-ak/-ar-in) [ustă, beyond ; Gák- 2apov, sugar], CsPilo Os. An isomerid of saccharin. It crystallizes in plates and melts at 14 °C. Metaschematism (met-as-Ke/-ma/-īzm) [usraormuarić- etv, to change the form]. A transformation of a dis. ease into another form ; the change of one substance of the body into another. Metasoma (met-as-o'-mah) [uetá, after; adua, body]. The part of the body of lamellibranchs posterior to the foot; also the posterior part of cephalopods. Metasomatome (met-as-o’-maf-ām) [uetá, between ; oãua the body; Teuven, to cut]. In biology, Good- sir's term for the interspaces between the primitive vertebrae (Urwiróeſ). Cf. Somazeme. Metasome (met/-as-àm) [uetá, after; goua, body]. In biology, the posterior part of the body of a mollusc. Metaspondylum, Metaspondyllum (met-as-pon’. di/-um) [uerá, beyond ; abórów?oc, vertebra]. An -intervertebral disc. METASTASIS Metastasis (met-asſ-tas-is). [ueblarával, to transpose]. I. The change in position, manifestation, or character of a disease; thus, in mumps, the inflammation of the parotid sometimes disappears in a (metastatic) orchitis. Such cases are possibly explained by the transfer of the pathogenic virus from one place to another by the blood-current. 2. In pathology, the reproduction of disease at a distance from the primary seat by the conveyance of the causal agents through the blood or lymph-channels. Metastate (met/-as-tät) (uetá, beyond; graróg, placed]. Any substance produced by a metabolic process; an anastate or a catastate. Same as Mesostate. Metastatic (met-as-ſat/-ić) [uetaotatukóg, from u80to- Távat, to transpose]. Characterized by or pertaining to metastasis. M. Abscess, the secondary abscesses in pyemia. M. Calcification, calcareous infiltration due to an excess of lime-salts in the blood in diseases associated with rapid disintegration of bone. & Metasternum (met-as-ter/-num) [uetá, behind; otépyov, breast: pl. , Metasterna]. In biology, the xiphister- num, or in insects the sternite of the metathorax, Metasthenic (met-as-then/-ić) [ueta, behind; offévoc, strength, might]. In biology, having a strong, well- developed hind-region to the body. Metastoma (met-asſ-to-mah) [uetá, behind; otóua, mouth]. In biology, the membranous appendage that lies behind and over the mandibles in crustacea; the posterior lip of some authors. Metasyncrisis (meet-as-in/-Aris-is) [ueTaovykptvetv, to discharge morbid fluids through pores]. I. An in- duced crisis. 2. The restoration of diseased tissues. Metasyncritic (met-as-in-krit/-ić) [uetaqvykptvetv, to discharge morbid fluids through pores]. Pertaining to metasyncrisis; alterative. Metatarsal (met - at - ar/- sal) [uetá, beyond; tapo 6¢, tarsus]. Pertaining to the metatarsus. Metatarsalgia (net-at-ar-sa/-je-ah) [uetá, beyond; Tapaég, tarsus ; &Wyog, pain]. Morton’s foe; a painful affection of the plantar digital nerves directly caused by pressure upon or pinching of them by certain por- tions of the metatarso-phalangeal articulations—es- pecially the fourth. See Diseases, Table of Metatarsen (meſ-at-ar/-sen) [uetá, beyond; Tapogg, tarsus]. Belonging to the metatarsus in itself. Metatarso-phalangeal (met-at-ar-so-ſa - lan/-je-a/) [uetá, beyond ; Tapaéc, tarsus; , pážayś, phalanx]. Pertaining to the metatarsus and the phalanges. Metatarsus (net-at-ar/-sus) [uetá, beyond; tapo 6¢, tarsus: //, //eſa/arsi]. The bones of the arch of the foot, five in number, situated between the tarsus and the phalanges; the instep. In entomology: (a) the terminal joint or appendage of the tarsus of an in- sect's leg, called Alanta empodium, scopula; (b) the entire foot of the hind-leg. Metatela (ºne-a/-e/-/a/.) [uetá, behind; tela, tissue]. The tela of the metencephal ; the velum medullare posterius, or inferior choroid tela. It constitutes the roof of the metacele. Metathesis (me/-a///-es-is) [uetá, beyond ; tı0éval, to place]. An operation designed to effect a transforma- tion or change in the seat of disease from one part to another. In chemistry, the interchange of two ele- ments in decomposition. Metathetic (met-aſh-et/-ić) [uetá, beyond; tı0éval, to place]. Of the nature of a metathesis. Metathoracotheca (met-ath-o-ra/-o-/he/-kah) [uetá, beyond ; flópaş, the chest ; 0%km, a case : //, /Meta- Zhoracothecae]. In entomology, that part of the integu- ment covering the metathorax in a pupa. Metathorax (meſ-ath-o/-ražs) [uetá, beyond; flápa:, the chest]. In biology, the third and last segment of 756 METENTERON the thorax in insects; it bears the third pair of legs and the second pair of wings, and is composed of the metasternum, metapleura, and post-dorsum. Metatocia (met-at-o'-ke-ah) [uetá, beyond ; Tókoç, birth]. Birth by any other than the normal process, as by Cesarean section. Metatrophia (met-at-ro/-ſe-ah) [uetá, beyond; Tpopff, nourishment]. Any morbid condition or process of nutrition. , , - - . . . Metaxin (met-a/s/-īn) [uetašū, between]. A proteid found by Schwartz in the plasmatic substratum of chlorophyl-grains. It is easily digested by both pep- sin and trypsin. . Metaxylene (met-a/s/-iſ-en) [uetá, beyond ; Śižov, wood]. One of the constituents of xylol. Metazoa (met-az-o/-ah) [uetá, beyond; Øov, animal]. Animals whose development is characterized by segmentation of the ovum. They comprise all animals except the Protozoa. + Metazoan (met-az-o/-an) [uetá, beyond; Øov, animal]. I. A member of the Metazoa. A multicellular ani- mal having a transitional stage (Gas/ru/a) in its development, corresponding to a hypothetic ancestor, the Gastraca, which is held to have arisen from a Protozoan colony in the shape of a hollow sphere, by the formation and gradual deepening of a depression or invagination. 2. Pertaining to the metazoa. Metecious (met-e'-she-us) [uetá, beyond; olkoç, a house]. See Heterecious. Metembryo (met-em/-bre-o) [uetá, after ; embryoj. zoan embryo. ar - - Metencephal (met-en-sef’-a!). Same as Metemcephalon. - ëpſ?pwov, In biology, the gastrula stage of the meta- THE METATARSUS AND AD- JACENT Bon Es. I. Inferior surface of calcaneum. 2. Inner tuberosity. 3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angular de- pression between these tuber- osities. , 5., Inferior portion of head of astragalus. 6. Plantar surface of cuboid, for attachment of in ſerior cal- caneo-cuboid ligament. 7. Tuberosity of cuboid. 8. Sca- phoid. 9. Tuberosity of sca- phoid. , io. Inſerior portion of internal cuneiform. II. Apex of middle cuneiform. I2. Apex of internal cuneiform. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. First, second, third, fourth and fifth meta- tarsal bones. 18. Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone. 19. Two sesamoid bones. 20. First phalanx of great toe. 21. Last phalanx of great toe. 22, 22. First phalanges of re- maining toes. 23, 23. Second and third phalanges of these toes. Metencephalic (met-em-seſ-a/-ä) [uetà, after; #yréga- Žog, brain]. Pertaining to the metemcephalon. Metencephalon (weet-en-se/Z-a/-on) [uetá, after; £yképažoç, brain]. I. The afterbrain; the post-oblong- ata, or most caudal portion of the brain. 2. Rarely, the cerebellum and the pons. Metensomatosis (meſ-en-so-mat-o/-sis) [uetá, beyond; &voopóTootg, embodiment]. Transformation into or union with another body. Metenteron (met-en/-ter-on) [uerá, after; Śvrepov, in- testine]. The enteron in any secondary or specialized state due to modification of the archenteron. METEORIC Meteoric (me-te-or/-ié) [uereoptºeiv, to elevate]. Per- taining to meteorism; also, pertaining to the atmo- sphere. Meteorism, Meteorismus (me/-te-or-izm, me-te-or- iz'-mus) [ueteoptºelv, to elevate]. Distention of the abdomen with gases; tympanites. - Meteoristic (me-de-or-is/-tié) [uereopigetv, to elevate]. Synonym of Tympanitic. - Meteorization (me-te-or-iz -a/-shum) [ueredpigetv, to elevate]. The formation of gas in the abdomen; the production of meteorism. Meteorology (me-ze - or -o/-o -je) [ueréopov, meteor; Żóyoç, a treatise]. The science of the phenomena of the atmosphere and the laws of its motions. Metepencephalon (met-eſ-en-sef’-a/-on) [uerá, after; #Tí, upon ; Śyképañog, brain]. The metencephalon and epencephalon considered together. It includes the cerebrum, the oblongata, and the pons. Metepicele (met-ep/-is-el) [uetá, beyond ; #Tí, upon; Kolāſa, belly]. The fourth ventricle of the brain; the ventricle of the metepencephalon; the metacele and epicele taken together. Metepimeron (met-ep - im/-er-on) [uerá, after; Éri, upon ; pimpôc, a thigh : £/., Metepimera]. In biology, the epimeron or lateral piece of the metathorax of an insect. - - Metepisternum (met-eft-is-ter/-num) [uetá, after; Éirí, upon; otépvov, breast, breast-bone; pl., Metegisterna]. In biology, one of the episterna of the metathorax of an insect. - Meter (me/-ter) [uérpov, measure]. See Metric System. M.-angle. See Angle. - Methacetin (meſh-as/-et-in) [uetá, beyond; acetum, vinegar], CoEIn NO2. An analogue of phenacetin, having the same antipyretic qualities as the latter, and more soluble. Dose from 2 to 4 grains exhibited with great caution. Unof. Methal (meth/-al) [uetá, with ; tām, matter], C1, Hao(). An alcohol, not yet isolated, occurring in spermaceti. Methane (meth/-än) [uetá, with ; tām, matter], CH,- Marsh-gas. The first member of the homologous series of paraffins, CnH2n+2. It occurs in nature wherever decomposition of organic matter is going on, especially in marshes. It is inflammable, and unites readily with the halogens. See Carbohydrates, Table of Metheglin (me-theg/-/in) [Welsh, meda', mead ; /lyn, liquor]. A variety of mead, or hydromel. See Aydrome/. - Methemochymia (meth-em-o-ki/-me-ah) [uetá, amid; aſpia, blood; weiv, to pour]. Synonym of Transfe- S2O72. Methemoglobin (met-hem-o-gºo/-bin) [uetá, with ; alua, blood; globus, a ball]. A modified form of hemo- globin produced by exposing blood, or solutions of hemoglobin, to the air for some time. It may be ob- tained in crystalline form as reddish-brown needles that are doubly refracting and readily soluble in water, though less so than oxyhemoglobin. It is the pro- duct either of the incomplete decomposition of hemo- globin or of its excessive oxidation ; the oxygen is more firmly combined in it than in oxyhemoglobin. In poisoning with potassium chlorate, the nitrites, ace- tanilid, and some other bodies, the blood contains methemoglobin. Methemoglobinemia (met-hem - o -glo-bin -e'-me-ah) [uetá, with ; alua, blood; globus, a ball; alua, blood]. The presence of free methemoglobin in the blood. See Meſhemoglobin. Methemoglobinuria (met-hem-o-glo-bin-u/-re-ah) [uerá, with ; aipta, blood ; globus, a ball; oipov, urine]. The presence of free methemoglobin in the urine. Methexiphrenesis (meth-eas-iſ-ren-e'-sis) [uéth, wine; 757 METHYL §tc, habit; ºpévmouc, inflammation of the brain]. Delirium tremens. Methexomania (meth-eks-o-ma/-ne-ah) [uéffm, drink; §§ug, habit; gavia, madness]. See Methomania. Methilepsia (meth-i/-ep/-se-ah) [uéffm, drink; Affilig, seizure]. Irresistible desire for strong drink. Methobiostatics (meth-o-bi-o-stat/-īās) [uéðm, strong drink; Biog, life; otatticóg, causing to stand]. The study of the influence of alcoholic excess. Method (meth/-od) [uéffodoc, method]. A system or plan of procedure. M. of Definite Mixtures. See Anesthetic. M., Intensive. See Zºasteur. M. of Treatment. See Zºeatment, Methods of Methodism (meth/- od-izm) [ué6000c, way, system]. The system of the treatment of disease according to a strict method, as taught by an ancient school or sect of physicians. Methodist (meth’-od-ist) [ué6060c, system]. A follower of methodism. Methogastrosis (meth -o-gas-tro/-sis) [uéðv, wine; Yaotºp, stomach; v6oog, disease]. Digestive disturb- ances consequent upon alcoholic excess. Methol (meth’-ol) [uetá, with ; tām, matter]. the names of methylic alcohol. Methomania (meth-o-ma/-ne-ah) [uéðm, drunkenness; plavía, madness]. I. Same as Mania a pofu. 2. (More often) the irresistible desire for strong drink; dipsomania. Methyl (meth/-il)[uerá, with ; tām, matter]. In chem- istry, a radicle molecule, having the composition CH4. It is the base of a large number of compounds, in- cluding an alcohol, methyl-spirit, and several ptomains. M.-alcohol (wood-spirit), obtained in the destruc- tive distillation of wood. It has a purely spirituous odor, a specific gravity of .7995 at 15° C., and boils at 55.1° C. It is miscible in all proportions with water, ordinary alcohol, and ether. M.-alizarin, Cls Huo'Os ; a substance obtained by fusing methyl- anthraquinone sulphonic acid with alkalies. It is very similar to alizarin, melting at 250°–25.2°C., and readily subliming in red needles. M.-anilin, C.H.NH(CHA); an anilin derivative. Boiling at 190°–191° C., it has an odor resembling that of anilin, and a specific gravity at I5°C. of O.976. The methylated anilins are techni- cally applied in the production of anilin dye-stuffs. They are formed on heating anilin together with HCl- anilin and methyl-alcohol to 200° C. or better still, by conducting CH3Cl into boiling anilin. M.-anthra- cene, Cisłł12; a substance obtained on heating emodin with zinc-dust. It occurs in crude anthracene, and is obtained from oil of turpentine on exposure to a red heat. It resembles anthracene, crystallizes from alco- hol in yellow leaflets, and melts at 190° C. M.– arabinose. See Rhamnose. M.-benzene. See Zolu- ene. M.-blue, a basic anilin dye used for staining bac- teria. See Pigments, Conspectus of M.-chlorid, CHaCl, a liquefied gas used in the form of a spray as a local anesthetic for the relief of sciatica and similar neuralgic affections. See Anesthetic. M.-ether, C.- H6O ; dimethyl oxid, an inflammable gas; also, a salt of methyl. M.-glycocoll. See Sarcosin. M.-green, an anilin dye. See Pigments, Cons/ec/us of M.- guanamin, C, H, N, ; a crystalline body, readily solu- ble in hot water and in alcohol. M.-guanidin, C.H.Ns; methyluramin, a colorless, highly hygro- scopic, and strongly alkaline base, insoluble in alcohol. It is the product of the oxidation of kreatin and kreatinin, and has been obtained from horseflesh after four months’ decomposition at low temperature, and from cultures of the comma-bacillus. It is a colorless, easily deliquescing mass, possessing a strong alkaline reaction, and is highly poisonous. The symptoms One of METHYLAL to which toxic doses give rise are dyspnea, muscle- tremor, and general clonic convulsions. See Pºomains, Table of M.-heptose. See Carbohydrates, Table of M.-hexose. See Carbohydrates, Table of M.-hy- dantoin, M.-hydrantoin, a crystalline substance, obtained by fusing together sarcosin and urea, or by decomposing kreatinin. It melts at I45° C. M.- hydrid, marsh-gas. M.-indol. See Skatol. M.- orange. See Pigments, Conspectus of M.-phenyl Ether. See Anisol. M.-phenyl-ketone. Same as Hypnone. M. Salicylate, CsPIsOs ; an oily liquid of a peculiar odor, constituting 90 per cent, of the oil of wintergreen; it has been used in rheumatism in- stead of the alkaline salicylates. M.-spirit. See M.-alcohol. M.-uramin. See M.-guanidin. M.- violet, an anilin dye used for staining bacteria. Under the name of Pyoktanin Stilling recommends it very highly as an effective bactericide. Dose gr. j-v. Unof. See Pigments, Conspectus of Methylal (meth/-il-al) [uetá, with ; 5%m, matter; alco- ſhol J, CAHsO2. A substance prepared by distilling methyl-alcohol with sulphuric acid. It is hypnotic and antispasmodic. Dose 3.j. Unof. Methylamin (meth-i/-am-in) [uetá, with ; tām, matter; amin]. A colorless gas having the composition N(CHA) H, easily condensing to a colorless liquid. It is used mainly as a reagent in certain organic tests. It occurs also as a ptomain in certain putrefactions, notably that of fish. It is also found in herring-brine, to which it gives odor. Methylate (meth/-il-āt) [uetá, with ; iºm, matter]. Methyl-alcohol in which a metal substitutes the hydrogen of the hydroxyl. Methylated (meth/-iſ-a-fed") [uetá, with ; iWn, matter]. Containing methyl-alcohol. M. Spirits, methyl-alco- hol, wood-alcohol. The strongest methylated spirit free from mineral naphtha, can be used in place of 90 per cent. alcohol for hardening and preserving purposes. Methylation (me/h-i/-a/-shun) [uetá, with ; iWm, mat- ter]. The process of mixing a substance with methyl- alcohol. Methylene (meth/-il-en) [uetá, with ; tām, matter], CH,. A bivalent hydrocarbon radicle that does not exist free, but occurs in many compounds. See Antes- thetic. M.-blue, ClaRIs NASCl; a coal-tar dye pre- pared from dimethylanilin; it is much used in the arts and as a stain in bacteriology. Its IO per cent. solution is recommended as a local application in diphtheria, tonsillitis, scarlatinal sore-throat, , and other inflammatory conditions, and internally admin- istered it has proved serviceable as an antiperiodic and antalgic. Dose gr. jss in capsule. Unof. M. Dichlorid, CH,Cl, ; a general anesthetic, frequently used instead of chloroform. It is as- serted by Genther and Eichholz to be more suscep- tible of management than the latter in protracted oper- ations. Much of the methylene dichlorid contains 50– 75 per cent. of chloroform. Unof. See Anesthetic. Methylic (meth-i/-īk) [uetá, with ; £2m, matter]. Con- taining methyl. Pertaining to methyl. Methylized (meth/-iſ-izd). Synonym of Methylated. Methysis (meth/-is-is) [uéðvoic, from plebüelv, to be intoxicated]. Intoxication. Methyskomania (meth-is-ko-ma/-ne-ah) [uetºokély, to make drunk; uovía, madness]. Same as Metho- mania, dipsomania. Methystic (meſh-is/-tic) [uetvorticóc, from uébùea, to be intoxicated]. I. Intoxicant. 2. An intoxicating agent. Methysticin (meth-is/-tis-in) [ueflvoTuróc, intoxicating]. A crystalline principle obtained from Kaza-Aava, 758 METRATOME closely allied to piperin. It is a neutral, tasteless sub- stance, sparingly soluble in cold, but more freely in hot water, easily soluble in alcohol and ether. It is also called Āava/him. Metis (ma’-tes) [Fr.]. A half-breed of French and Indian parentage. See Mulatto. Metoarion (met-o-a/-re-on) [uetá, after; &óptov, the ovule]. The corpus luteum. Metodontiasis (meſ-o-don-fi/-as-is) [ueta, after; 600V- Taav, to cut teeth]. The second dentition ; also, abnor- mality of teething. Metoecesis (met-es-e'-sis) [uetá, beyond; oikmotº, the act of dwelling]. Transposition; displacement. Metopagus (met-op/-ag-us) [Métoirov, front; Táytoc, joined]. An ensomphalic twin monstrosity with united foreheads. Metopantralgia (met-o-pam-tral’-je-ah) [uérotov, fore- head; āvrpov, cave; āāyoc, pain]. Pain or neural- gia of the frontal sinus. - Metopantritis (met-o-pam-tri’-tis) [uéroTov, forehead; ëvrpov, cave; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the metopantron. Metopantron, Metopantrum (met-o-pan/-tron, met-o- pan'-trum) [uétatov, forehead; ivrpov, cave]. The frontal sinus. Metope (met/-o-pe) [uérotrov, face]. In biology, that portion of the frontal surface of a crustacean in which the antennae are situated. Same as Facies. Metopic (met-op/-ić) [uétarov, forehead]. I. Relating to the forehead; frontal. 2. A name applied to a cranium having a medio-frontal suture. M. Points. See Crazzoyeetric Points. - Metopion (met-o/-pe-on) [uétoirov, forehead]. See Cranziometric Points. Metopism (met/-o-pizm) [uérotrov, forehead]. ence of the frontal suture Metopon. Metopium (met-o/-pe-um). Synonym of Metopon. Metopodynia (met-o-po-din'-e-ah) [uérotrov, forehead; ôöövm, pain]. Frontal headache. Metopon (met/-o-pom) [uérotov, forehead; from ustá, between ; &lp, eye). Forehead; also an old name for galbanum. Metopopagia (met-o-po-pa/-je-ah). pagºds. Metoposcopy (met-of-osſ-ko-pe) [uéroTov, forehead; okotreiv, to examine]. A variety of phrenology in which the character or the future of an individual is supposed to be determined by an inspection of the forehead. Metosteon (met-os/-te-on) [uetá, after; botéov, a bone: p!, Metostea]. In biology, the posterior lateral piece of the sternum of a bird. Metovum (met-o'-vum) [uetá, after; &óv, egg: , pl., Metova). In embryology, an ovum that has been modified from its primitive condition as an egg-cell or protovum; an after-egg or deutovum. Cf. Ovice//, Ozzemz. Metra (me/-trah) [uñrpa, uterus]. The uterus. Metralgia (met-ra!/-je-ah) [uñtpa, womb : ā%)og, pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the uterus. Metranastrophe (met-ran-asſ-tro-fe) [uñrpa, womb ; avaorpopff, a turning upside down]. Inversion of the uterus. Metranemia (met-ran-e'-me-ah) [Aſhtpa, womb; d, priv.; alua, blood]. Uterine anemia. Metraneurysm (met-ran/-u-rizm) [piñrpa, womb, àveipwoua, dilatation]. Dilatation of the uterus or vulva. Metrasia (met-ra/-ze-ah). Synonym of Metratresia. Metratome (met/-rat-öm) [uffroa, womb; Touff, a cut- ting]. An instrument for incising the womb. Persist- in adult life. See Synonym of Meto- METRATONIA Metratonia (met-rat-o'-ne-ah) [uñtpa, womb ; árovia, atony]. Atony of the uterus. - Metratresia (met-rat-re/-ze-ah) [uñrpa, womb ; &rpmota, atresia]. Atresia or imperforation of the womb. Metratrophia (met-rat-roºfe-ah) ſuffroa, womb; árpo- pía, atrophy]. Atrophy of the uterus. Metrauxe (met-rawks’-e) [uñrpa, womb; aiš7, in- crease]. Hypertrophy or enlargement of the uterus. Metre (me/-ter). See Metric System. Metrechoscope (met-rek/-o-skog) [uérpov, measure; #2%, round; oroteiv, to inspect]. An instrument for applying metrechoscopy. Metrechoscopy (met-rek-osſ-ko-pe) [uérpov, measure ; #xh, round; okotreiv, to inspect]. Combined ausculta- tion and mensuration. Metrectasia (met-rek-ta/-ze-ah) [uñrpa, womb ; Śkraotº, a stretching]. Dilatation of the womb. Metrectatic (met-rek-tat'-i}) [uffton, womb : éktaolc, a stretching]. Affected with, or pertaining to, metrec- tasia. Metrectomy (met-re&/-to-me) [uñrpa, womb : ékroºm, excision]. Excision or surgical removal of the womb. Metrectopia, Metrectopy (met-rek-to/-pe-ah, met-rek/- to-pe) [uñrpa, womb; £krotoc, displaced]. Displace- ment of the womb. - - Metrelcosis (met-rel-Áo/-sis) [uffrºa, womb ; 8%Koç, ulcer]. Uterine ulceration. ...” Metremia (met-re/-me-ah) [uñrpa, womb; alpia, blood]. Congestion of the uterus. Metremorrhagia (met-rem-or-a/-je-ah). Synonym of Metrorrhagia. - - Metremorrhoid (met-rem/-or-oid) [uñtpa, womb; alpa, blood; bota, flow]. A hemorrhoid of the uterus. Metremphraxis (met-rem-ſºaks/-is) [AlffTba, uterus; §uppágoelv, to obstruct]. Congestion, or infarction, of the uterine tissues. Metremphysema (met-remºſis-e'-mah). Synonym of Physometra. * - Metreurysma (met-ru-riz'-mah) [uñrpa, womb ; eipic, wide). Morbid dilatation, or width of the womb. Metria (me/-tre-ah) [uff ſpa, womb). Any uterine affec- tion. The term is used also as a synonym of Puerpera! Aewer. Metric (met/-riž) [uérpov, a measure]. Pertaining to the system of weights and measures, of which the meter is the basis. M. System, a decimal system of weights and measures employed in France, Germany, and other countries, and used generally in the sciences. The standard is the meter, the Toºwwow part of a quadrant of a meridian circle of the earth. The standard of capacity is the liter, a cubical volume ſº meter in each dimension. The standard of weight is the gram, the weight of rººm liter (one cubic centimeter) of dis- tilled water at its maximum density. The unit of superficial measure is the are, a square whose side is Io meters or a decameter. As the unit of microscopic measurement the thousandth part of a millimeter has been adopted. It is called micron or microm, micro- millimeter; abbreviated, u. The multiples are ex- pressed by the prefixes deca, hecto, and Åilo; the sub- divisions by the prefixes deci, centi, and milli. IOOO meters = I kilometer. IOO meters = 1 hectometer. IO meters = 1 decameter. . I meter = I decimeter. .OI meter = 1 centimeter. .OOI meter = 1 millimeter. IOOO liters = I kiloliter. IOO liters = 1 hectoliter. IO liters = I decaliter. . I liter = I deciliter. , or liter = I centiliter. ,oor liter = 1 milliliter. 759 METROLEUKORREHEA IOOO grams = 1 kilogram. IOO grams = I hectogram. IO grams = I decagram. . I gram = I decigram. .OI gram = 1 centigram. .OOI gram = 1 milligram. In common practice, however, the following divis- ions only are used, the others being expressed ir figures:— IO millimeters = 1 centimeter. IOO CentimeterS = I meter. IOOO In eterS = 1 kilometer. Iooo cubic centimeters = 1 liter. Iooo milligrams = I gram. . IOOO grams = I kilogram. The following are the equivalent values:— I meter = 39 37 inches. I liter = 1 quart 9% gill, U. S. measure. I gram = 15.43 grains. I minim = o.o.61 cubic centimeter. See, also, Weights and Measures. Metrine (met/-rén) [uffTpa, womb). A term given to the germ of puerperal fever. See Bacillus puerpera- Zis, under Bacteria, Synonymatic 7 able of Metritic (met-rit/-īk) [uffſpa, womb; trug, inflammation]. Pertaining to, or affected with, metritis. Metritis (met-ri/-tis) [uffTpa, womb; trug, inflammation]." Inflammation of the uterus. M., Exanthematous, a form occurring in the course of one of the eruptive fevers. M. gravidarum, metritis occurring in a pregnant woman. M., Puerperal, metritis occurring during the puerperium. M. rheumatica, metritis due to rheumatism or occurring in a rheumatic subject. M., Suppurative, metritis proceeding to suppuration. Metroblennorrhea (met-ro-blen-or-e'-ah) [uñTpa, womb; 32.Évva, mucus; bota, a flow]. Uterine blen- norrhea. Metrocace (met-rok'-as-e) [uñrpa, womb; Rakóg, evil]. Same as Metre/cosis. Metrocampsis (met-ro-kamp/-sis) [uñTpa, womb ; káu- "pig, bending]. Obliquity or curvation of the uterus. Metrocarcinoma (met-ro-Aar-sin-o’-mah) [uñrpa, womb; Kapkivaua, carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the uterus. Metrocele (met/-ro-sel) [uñrpa, womb ; káž7, hernia]. Hernia of the uterus. Metrocholosis (met-ro-hol-o'-sis) [uñTpa, womb ; 2620ſ, bile]. Puerperal fever with hepatic symptoms; bilious puerperal fever. Metroclyst (met/-ro-Aſist) [u%Tpa, womb; k?igetv, to wash out]. An instrument for giving uterine douches. Metrocolpocele (met-ro-ko/-po-sel) [uñTpa, womb; kóż- Tog, vagina; Kºm, tumor]. A tumor of the vagina and womb ; prolapse of the uterus into the vagina. Metrocyte (met/-ro-sit) [uñTpa, womb ; kitoc, cell]. A large mononuclear, spheroid cell, of which the proto- plasm contains hemoglobin. It is by Engel considered the source of all of the corpuscular elements of the blood. See also Mother-cell. Metrodynamometer (met-ro-di-nam-om/-et-er) [uñrpa, womb ; 6üvaulc, power; puérpov, measure]. An instru- ment for measuring uterine contractions. Metrodynia (met-ro-din'-e-a/.) [uñTpa, womb ; bºtvm, pain]. Any pain of the womb. Metrodystocia (meſ-ro-dis-toº-ke-ah) [uñrpa, uterus; Övotokia, painful delivery]. Dystocia whose cause resides in the uterus. Metroectasia (met-ro-ek-ta/-ze-ah). rectasia. Metrofibroma (meſ-roºft-bro'-mah) [uñrpa, womb; fibroma, fibrous tumor]. Uterine fibroid tumor. Metroleukorrhea (met-ro-ſu-kor-e'-ah) [uñrpa, womb : Ževkóc, white; bota, flow]. Uterine leukorrhea. Synonym of Aſe:- METROLOGY 7 Metrology (met-ro/-o-je) [uérpov, measure; science]. The science of measures and mentS. Metroloxia (met-ro-loks/-e-ah) [uñrpa, womb; Aošóg, oblique]. Obliquity of the uterus; hysteroloxia. Metro-lymphangitis (met/-ro-lim-ſan-ji’-tis) [uñrpa, womb ; Wippa, lymph; dyyelov, vessel; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the womb. Uterine lymphangitis. Metromalacoma (met-ro-mal-ak-o'-mah). romalacoma. - Metromalacosis (met-ro-mal-ak-o'-sis) [uñrpa, womb; plažakóg, soft]. The condition and progress of soften- ing of the tissues of the uterus. Metromania (met-ro-ma/-ne-ah). and Mymphomania. Metromania (met-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [uérpov, measure; puavía, mania]. A mania for writing poetry, Metromaniac (meſ-ro-ma/-ne-a/º) [uérpov, measure; gavía, mania]. One insanely fond of writing verses. Metromelanorrhea (mez-ro-me/-an-or-e'-a/.) [Alffroa, womb; ué%aç, black; bota, flow]. A black discharge from the uterus. Metrometer (met-rom/-et-er). See Hysterometer. Metrometry (met-rom/-et-re). See Hysterometry. Metronania (met-ro-na/-ne-a/.) [uñTpa, womb : vávoc, dwarf]. Abnormal smallness of the womb. Metroncus (met-rong/-kus). See Hysteroncus. Metroneurosis (meſ-ro-nu-ro/-sis)[uñtpa, womb; veipo- oig, neurosis]. Any neurosis caused by uterine disease. Metronome (met/-ro-nóm) [uérpov, measure; vöuoc, law]. An instrument for measuring time in music; also one for testing the hearing. Metroparalysis (meſ-ro-par-a/-is-is) [uñrpa, womb; trapážvotç, paralysis]. Uterine paralysis. Metropathic (met-ro-path/-ä) [uñrpa, womb ; , Táffoc, disease]. Pertaining to affections of the womb. Metropathy (met-rop/-ath-e) [uffTpa, womb ; Táffoc, suf- fering]. Any uterine disease. Metroperissia (met-ro-per-is/-e-ah) ſuffTpa, womb; Treptogóg, full]. Hypertrophy of the uterus. Metroperitonitis (met-ro-per-it-on-i/-tis) ſuffTpa, womb ; trepttóvatov, peritoneum ; trug, inflammation]. Peri- tonitis secondary to inflammation of the womb. Metropexia, Metropexy (met-ro-peks/-e-ah, me/-ro- Žeks-e). See Hysteroperia. Metrophlebitis (met-ro-ſle-biſ-dis) [uffroa, womb ; 9%ip, vein; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. Metrophlegmymen (met-ro-ſeg-mi/- men) _[phtpa, womb ; 9%éypta, mucus; i.pl?v, membrane]. mucosa of the uterus. Metrophlegmymenitis (meſ-ro-ſeg-mi-men-i/-tis) ſuff- Tpa, womb; phéyua, mucus; ipfiv, membrane; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous mem- brane lining the uterus. Metrophlogosis (met-roºfto-go/-sis). &ritis. Metrophore (met/-ro-for). See Hysterophore. Metrophyma (met-roºft/-ma/) [uñtpa, womb ; bipla, a growth). A tumor of the womb. Metroplethora (met - ro-p/eth/- or- ah). A/e/remeza. Metropolypus (met- ro-pol/- iſ - us) [uñrpa, womb ; trožíTouc, polypj. Uterine polyp. Metroproptosis (met-ro-prop-to/-sis), Metroptosis (met- rop-ºo/-sis) ſuffroa, womb ; Trôouc, fall]. Prolapse of the uterus. Metroproptotic (met-ro-prof-tot/-ić), Metroptotic (met- rop-zot'-ić) [uffroa, womb ; Trôoic, a fall]. Pertain- ing to metroptosis. Metropyophthisis (met-ro-pî-off’-this-is)[uffToa, womb; Żóyog, of measure- See Ayste. See Hysteromania Synonym of Me- Synonym of The 60 METRYPERESTHESIA trüov, pus; p?iotç, wasting]. tabes, of the uterus. - Metrorrhagia (met-ror-a/-je-ah) [uffroa, womb ; bºy- vival, to burst forth]. Uterine hemorrhage indepen- dently of the menstrual discharge. - Metrorrhagic “... jiàº) [uffTpa, womb ; bºyvíval, to burst forth]. Pertaining to metrorrhagia. Metrorrhea (met-ror-e'-a/.) [uffTpa, womb ; bota, a flow]. Any morbid uterine discharge. Metrorrhectic (met-ror-eč/-tić) [uñrpa, womb; bijšac, rupture]. Pertaining to metrorrhexis. - Metrorrheuma (net-ror - ru/- ma/.) [uñrpa, womb ; beijua, rheum]. Rheumatism of the uterus. Metrorrhexis (met-ror-eós/-is) [uffTpa, womb ; bijśtc, rupture]. Rupture of the womb. Metrosalpingitis (met-ro-sal-ping-ji/-tis)[uñrpa, womb; oãWºrly;, tube; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the womb and oviducts. Metrosalpingorrhagia (weet- ro-sa/-ping- or-a/-je-a/) [uñtpa, womb ; GáAtlyś, tube; bºyvival, to burst forth], Hemorrhage from the oviducts. - Metrosalpingorrhexis (met-ro - sal-ping- or- eós/- is) [uñTpa, womb ; oãWºrlyś, tube; byślg, rupture]. Rupture of an oviduct. Metrosalpinx (met-ro-sa/-pinx) [uffſpa, uterus; oak- Tuyê, tube]. An oviduct, or Fallopian tube. Metroscirrhus (met-ro-skir/-us) [uñrpa, womb; okibhog, hard]. A scirrhous tumor of the uterus. Metroscolioma, Metroscoliosis (met-ro-sko-le-o/-mah, met-ro-sko-le-o/-sis) ſuffTpa, womb ; orožíopla, oko%toolç, bend]. A flexion of the uterus. Metroscope (met/-ro-sköp) ſufftoa, womb ; okotreiv, to observe]. An instrument for examining the uterus. Metroscopy (met-rosſ-ko-fºe) [uffroa, womb ; okoteiv, to observe]. The use of the metroscope; inspection of the uterus. - Metrospongioma (meet - ro-spon -je - o'- mah) [uffTpa, womb ; opoyyia, Sponge; <a, tumor]. A spongy tumor of the uterus. Metrostaxis (met-ro-staks/-īs) [uñTpa, womb; atášic, a dropping]. Slight but persistent uterine hemorrhage. Metrostenosis (met-ro-stem-o/-sis) [uffTpa, womb ; oré- vocac, contraction]. Contraction of the cavity of the womb. Metrosteresis (met-ro-ster-eſ-sis) [uffroa, womb; oré- pmotç, deprival]. Removal or absence of the uterus. Metrotome (met/- ro-tam) [uffTpa, womb; Topff, a cutting]. Same as Hysteroſome. Metrotomy (met-rot/-o-me) [u%rpa, womb ; touff, a cutting]. Same as Hjsterotomy. Metrotuberculum (meſ-ro - fu - ber/. Au - lum) [uñrpa, womb ; tuberculum, a small nodule]. A fungous excrescence of the uterus. Metrotyloma (met-ro-ti-lo'-mah). Synonym of Metro- tuberculum. Metrourethrotome (met-ro-u - re/-thro-tom) [uérpov, measure ; otp%0pa, urethra; touff, a cutting]. A form of urethrotome that will cut a stricture to the desired caliber; a graduated urethrotome. Metrozoötia (met-ro-go-o'-te-ah) [uñrpa, womb; Köov, animal]. An epidemic disease of the womb in cattle. Metrydrorrhea (met-rid-ror-e'-ah). See Hydrorrhea. Metrymenitis (met-ri-men-i/-ſis). Synonym of Me/ro- ph/egmymenitis. Metrypercinesis (met-ri-per-sin-e'-sis) [uñrpa, womb ; itrép, over; kivmotg, movement]. Excessive uterine contraction. Metryperemia (met-ri-per-e'-me-ah). Synonym of Me?. 7°627/22(Z. Metryperesthesia (met-ri-per-es-the'-ze-ah) [uñrpa, womb ; itép, over ; aioffmotº, perception]. Hyperes- thesia of the uterus. - A purulent wasting, or METRYPERTROPHIA 761 Metrypertrophia (met-ri-per-tro/-fe-ah). Synonym of AMetraz.xe. Metternich-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Meyer, Method of. A method of determining the vapor density of a substance. A weighed quantity of the substance is vaporized in an enclosed space, when it displaces an equal volume of air, which is measured. M.'s Tissue-paper Test, a test for color-blindness. If a border of gray paper is placed upon red paper, it appears to have the complementary color of its back- ground (that is, green). This is particularly apparent when the whole is covered with a sheet of tissue- paper. A color-blind man cannot see the comple- mentary color correctly. Meynert's Bundle. See M.'s Fasciculus. M.'s Commissure, a bundle of large-sized nerve-fibers extending from the tuber cinereum and the anterior per- forated substance into the optic tract, and terminating in the subthalamic body. M.'s Fasciculus, a fas- ciculus of white nerve-fibers extending between the ha- benular and interpeduncular ganglia. M.'s Fountain- like Decussation, a group of nerve-fibers that arise in the roof of the aqueduct and decussate in the dorsal segment of the raphé. M., Ganglion of. See Gan- glia, Table of. M.'s Granular Formation, the fourth stratum of the cerebral cortex. M.'s Projec- tion System, a plan of the construction of the ner- vous system, whereby it is divided into three sections: The first is composed of the fibers from the cortex of the brain through the corona radiata in a radiate direc- tion ; the second, of longitudinal bundles of fibers pro- ceeding downward to the ganglionic gray matter reaching from the third ventricle through the aqueduct of Sylvius to the lowest part of the gray matter of the spinal cord; the third, the peripheral nerves, motor and sensory, proceeding from the central tubular gray Imatter. Mezcal, Mescal (mez-Aah/) [Mex.]. An intoxicant spirit distilled from pulque, the fermented juice of various Mexican species of Agave. Mezereon, Mezereum (mez-e'-re-on, mez-e'-re-um) [Ar., mazariyān, the camellia]. The bark of Daphne mezerezem, a powerful sialogogue and irritant poison, producing purging and gastro-enteric inflammation. It is used as an antisyphilitic, combined with Sarsaparilla, but chiefly as a local irritant to stimulate indolent ulcers. M., Ext., used in the preparation of liniment of mustard. M., Ext., AEther. (B. P.), used externally as a counter-irritant. M., Ext., Fld., used in the preparation of M., Ung., consisting of fid, ext, meze- reon 25, lard 8o, and yellow wax I2 parts. Mezizah (mez-iſ-zah) [Heb.]. The fourth act in the Jewish rite of circumcision. It consists in sucking the bleeding surface in order to secure the salutary in- fluence of the saliva. * Mezquit (mes-ket’) [Sp.]. The tree or shrub Prosopis juliſlora of the S. W. United States and Mexico. Its gum resembles gum arabic. Mho (m/o) [anagram of ohm). The unit of electric con- ductivity; conductivity at the resistance of one ohm. Miaria (mi-a/-re-ah) [ulapia, defilement]. Synonym of Miasm. Miasm, Miasma (mi’-azm, mi-a2/-ma/) [utaívety, to pollute; pl., Miasmata]. A term loosely applied to the floating germs of any form of microbic life, especially those generating in marshy localities. Miasmal (mi-az/-mal) [uiaopia, miasm]. Containing, relating to, or depending upon, miasm. Miasmatic (mi-az-maſ/-īk) [utaivetv, to pollute]. Per- taining to or having the nature of miasma. See Con- tagious, M., Contagio-, a term applied to those dis- eases the specific germs of which, after leaving the MICRANGIUM animal body, undergo a further development before again becoming infectious. Typhoid fever, cholera, yellow fever, and some other diseases, are contagio- miasmatic. M.-contagious. See Contagious. M. Diseases, those diseases produced by infectious causes arising from without the animal body, e.g., malaria. Miasmatology (mi-az-mat-o/-o-je) [uíagua, miasm; Żóyog, science]. The science or study of miasmata. Miasmifuge (mi-az/-miſ-àj) [utaoua, miasm; fugere, to put to flight]. Preventing or banishing miasmatic diseases. Miasmo-contagious (mi-a2/-mo-Atom-ta/-je-us). See A/iasmatic. Miasmology (mi-az-mo/-oje). &ology. . Mica (mi/-kah) [L., a crumb|. Thin, glossy, trans- parent scales, composed of aluminum silicate. M. panis, crumb of bread ; used in pharmacy. Micaceous (mi-ka/-she-us) [mica, crumb|. Resembling mica ; composed of crumbs; friable. Mication (mi-4a/-shum) [micare, to glitter]. Quick motion; a winking; systolic contraction. Micella (mi-se/-ah) [dim. of mica, a crumb, grain; pl., Micel/ae]. In biology, according to Nägeli's theory, one of the fundamental structural units of organized bodies. He defines it as “a minute crystal, micro- scopically invisible, consisting of a larger or smaller number of molecules, and, when turgid, surrounded by a layer of water.” Weismann does not accept this as corresponding to his “biophore.” Micellar (mi-se/-ar) [micella, dim. of mica, crumb). Relating to a micella. M. Aggregate, a number of micellae united together. Michel’s Diplococcus. The micrococcus found in con- tagious conjunctivitis. See Bacillus of Conjunctival Catarrh, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of M.'s Paste, a caustic paste composed of asbestos one part, and concentrated sulphuric acid three parts. Micheli’s Placenta. The sporangium of certain fungi, as, for instance, those that give rise to otomycosis. Michelia (mi-ke/-le-ah) [after P. A. Micheh, an Italian botanist]. A genus of magnoliaceous plants. M, champaca. See Champań. Michigan Itch. Same as Army Itch. M. Method, a method of Artificia/ A'espiration. The individual is placed on his face, the operator astride of the body The shoulders are then raised as high as they can go, without the head leaving the floor, and this position is maintained while the operator counts three. The body is then allowed to return to the ground. Pressure is then made downward and inward on the lower ribs while two is counted. The operator then repeats the first series of movements. Micology (mi-ko/-o-je). See Mycology. Micracoustic (mº-Arah-kow'-stik) [ukpóg, small; drovo. Ttkóg, pertaining to hearing]. Hearing, or assisting in hearing, very small sounds. Micraesthetes (mi-kres’-theſs) [ulkpóc, small; aiot/ac, sensation]. In biology, small knob-like sense-organs found by Moseley in the micropores of certain Chi- forzúa'a. Micraine (mik/-ram). Synonym of Migraine. Micranatomy (mri - Kranz - af’- o - we) [utkpóc, small; ăvatopiń, a cutting up]. Minute anatomy; histology. Micrander (mi-Aram’-der) [utkpóg, small; avàp, male]. In biology, a small male plant. Micrane (mik/-ran). Synonym of Aſgraine. Micrangiopathy (mi-Aram-je-op/-ath-e) [utspéc, small ; ây)'siov, vessel; Tāſhoc, disease]. Disease of the cap- Synonym of Miasma- illaries, Micrangium (mi-kran’-je-um) [uukpóg, small; dyyelov, vessel]. Capillary. P MICRANTRUS Micrantrus (mi-kranſ-trus) [ukpóg, small; &vrpov, cave]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which a perpen- dicular from the most prominent point of the frontal torus upon the radius fixus is not more than 4 mm. in front of that from the nasion. Micrencephalon, Micrencephalium (mi-Aren-sef/-a/. on, mi-Aren-seſ-a/-/e-um) [utkpóg, small ; Śykeſpañog, brain]. I. A small brain, as in cretinism. 2. Syno- mym of Cerebellum. Micrencephalous (mi-Aren-seſ/-a/-us) [utkpóg, small ; #yképažog, brain]. Having a small brain. Micrencephalus (mi-Aren-sef’-a/-us) [ukpóg, small; #yképažog, encephalon]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between lines drawn from the hormion to the nasion and to the inion respectively is between 129° and I42.5°. Micrencranus (mi-Aren-Ara/-nus) [utkpóg, small ; $v, in ; Kpaviov, skull]. Lissauer’s term for a skull with a cerebellar sector of from 8.5° to 15°. Micristology (mi-Aris-to/-o-je). See Histology. Micro- (mi'-Aro-. Mik/-ro-, from an etymologic point of view, would seem preferable to mi/-Aro-, but the balance of authorities is certainly in favor of the latter **) [utkpóg, small]. I. A prefix signifying minute. 2. Also, a prefix occasionally used to signify a unit one-thousandth or one-millionth part of the unit to which it is prefixed. Microanatomy (mi-Aro-an-at/-o-me). See Micranatomy. Microaudiphone (mi-kro-aw/-difön) [utkpóg, small ; audire, to hear; pová, voice]. An instrument used for rendering audible sounds that are very slight. Microbacteria (mi-áro-bak-te/-re-ah). See Bacteria. Microbe (mi/-Årøð) [ukpóg, small; Bioc, life]. The generic name for microörganisms, whether animal or vegetable. In ordinary use the term microbe is equivalent to schizomyces, and designates a vegetable microörganism. See Microörganism. Microbial, Microbian, Microbic (mi-Aro/-be-al, mi- Aro/-be-an, mi-Aro'-bić) [utkpóg, small; Bioc, life]. Pertaining to microbes. Microbicide (mi-Aro'-bis-id) [utkpóg, small; 8toc, life; cardere, to kill]. I. Destructive to microbes. 2. An agent that destroys microbes. Microbiohemia (mi-Åro-bi-o-hem/-e-ah) [utkpóg, small; 8íog, life; alpa, blood]. A diseased condition re- sulting from the presence of microörganisms in the blood. Microbiology (mi-Aro-bi-o/-o-je) [utkpóg, small, little; 3íog, life; Wöyog, science]. Bacteriology, or the science of microörganisms. - Microbion, Microbium (mi-Aro/-be-on, mi-kro/-be-um). Same as Microbe. Microblast (mi'-Aro-blast) [utkpóg, small; 6%aoróg, germ]. An immature blood-corpuscle. Microblepharia, Microblepharon (mi-Aro-bleſ-a/-re- a/, mi-kro-bleſ’-ar-on) [utkpóc, small; 6%papov, lid]. Abnormal smallness of the eyelids. Microbrachius (mi - Aro - bra/- Áe-us) [utkpóg, small ; 8paxtov, arm]. Congenital smallness of the arms. Microbrachycephalia (mi - Aro -øra -ke - sef-a/-le-ah) [ſukpóg, small ; 3payúc, short; Kepažň, head]. Brachy- cephalia combined with microcephalia. Microcardia (mi-Aro-AEar/-de-a/.) [utkpóg, small ; Kapóta, heart]. Congenital smallness of the heart. Microcaulia (mi-Åro-kawi/-le-a/) [utkpóg, small; Kavā6ç, penis]. Abnormal or congenital smallness of the penis. Microcephal (mi-Aro-sef’-al) [utkpóg, small; Kejažff, head]. A person affected with microcephaly. Microcephalia (mi-Aro-seſ-a/-le-ah). See Microcephaly. Microcephalic (mi-Aro-seſ-a/-ä) [utkpóg, small; Ke- pa2%, head]. Having a small head. 762 MICROCRYSTALLINE Microcephalism (mi-Aro-sef’-al-izm). Al/icrocephaly. Microcephalon (mi-Aro-sef’-al-on) [utkpóc, small; ke- (paññ, head]. An abnormally small head. Microcephalous (mi-kro-sef’-al-us) [uuſpáç, small ; Képažň, head]. Having a small head; in botany, having flowers arranged in small heads. Microcephaly (mi-Aro-sef’-a/-e) [ukpóg, small; Kepažň, head]. Abnormal smallness of the head. Microcheilia (mi-Aro-Ai/-le-ah) [utkpóg, small; Yeiſkog, lip]. Abnormal congenital smallness of the lips. Micro-chemistry (mi-Aro-kem/-is-tre) [ukpóg, small; ymuéla, chemistry]. The chemic investigation of the more minute substances of nature. Also, the study of chemic reactions, in which a drop each of the re- agent and the substance to be tested are made to coalesce on a porcelain or glass plate, the reaction being observed under a microscopic objective of low power. Microcidin (mi-Aro-si’-din) [ukpóg, small ; cardere, to kill]. A fine white powder resulting from heating naphthol-É to liquefaction, and adding half its weight of caustic soda. It is said to be a good antiseptic, ten times more powerful than phenol and twenty times more powerful than boric acid, and has but feeble toxic qualities. Internally it may be given in doses of from IO to 30 grains per diem. Unof. Microclysm (mi'-Aro-Alism) [utkpóg, small ; ſchiopia, clyster]. A small clyster; a clyster effective in small amountS. Micrococcus (mi-Aro-AoA'-us) [ukpóg, small ; Kókkoç, kernel]. A genus of schizomycetous microörganisms, having spheric elements, isolated, united in two's or in larger numbers, or disposed in chaplets, or masses of zoöglea. Sometimes they are united in such a way as to resemble a bunch of grapes and are then called Staphylococci. When united in couples they are called Diplococci. If arranged in strings or chap- lets they are called Streptococci. Certain species are pathogenic, others are chromogenic, others have a fermentative action, and some no discoverable func- tion. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Microconidium (mi-Åro-AEon-id/-e-um) [ukpóg, small ; kóvig, dust ; pl. , Microconidia]. In biology, a rela- tively small-sized conidium. Microcoria (mi-Aro-Ao’-re-ah) [utkpóg, small; kópm, pupil]. Same as Miosis. - Microcornea (mi-Aro-Aor/-ne-ah) [ukpóg, small; cor- neus, horny]. Abnormal smallness of the cornea. Microcosm (mī/- Aro - Aozm) [utºpóg, small ; kóoplog, world]. Man in contradistinction to the universe, or the macrocosm; man considered as the epitome of the cosmos. Microcosmic (mi-Aro-koz/-mik) [ukpóg, small; kóopog, world]. Pertaining to the microcosm. M. Salt, sodium-ammonium-hydrogen phosphate ; so called as being derivable from human urine. Microcosmography (mi-Aro-koz-mog/-ra-ſe) [pukpóg, small; ſcóaplog, universe; Ypápetv, to write]. The study of the microcosm, especially of man. Microcoulomb (mi-Aro-AEoo'-lom) [utkpóg, small ; Cou- /omb, a French physician]. One millionth of a cou- lomb. See Coulomb and Electric Onits. Microcoustic (mi-Aro-kows/-tić). Synonym of Micra- coustic. Microcranious (mi-Aro-Ara/-me-us). crocephalous. Microcrith (mi'-Aro-Arith) [ukpóg, small; Kpt&#, bar- ley]. A unit of molecular weight, equivalent to the . weight of an atom of hydrogen. Microcrystalline (mi-Aro-Aris/-ta/-īn) [utkpóg, small; Kpvotá%tvoc, pertaining to a crystal]. Composed of crystals of microscopic size. Synonym of Synonym of Mi- MICROCYST Microcyst (mi'-Aro-sist) [utkpóç, small; Köotoc, cyst]. I. A cyst of diminutive size, or one derived from another. 2. The resting swarm-spore of certain fungi. Microcyte (mi'-Aro-sit) [ukpóg, small ; kitoc, cell]. A small red blood-corpuscle. Microcythemia (mi-Aro-si-the-me-ah) [ukpóg, small; körog, cell; alua, blood]. Abnormal smallness of the red corpuscles of the blood, caused by certain poisons and diseases. Microcytosis (mi-Aro-si-to/-sis). Same as Microcythemia. Microdactylia (mi-Aro-dań-fi/-e-ah) [utkpóg, small; Öáktv%0ç, finger]. Abnormal smallness of the fingers. Microdentism (mi-Aro-dem/-tizm). See Microdontism. Microdont (mi'-Aro-dont) [utkpóg, small; 6óoig, tooth]. Having small teeth. See Macrodont. Microdontism (mi-Aro-don/-tizm) [utkpóg, small ; 6doùg, tooth]. Abnormal smallness of the teeth. Microetiologic W. -Åro-e-te-o-loj/-ić) [utkpóg, small; airia, cause; %yog, science]. Connected with the study of the causation of microörganismal diseases. Microfarad (mi-Aro-far/-ad). See Farad and Ælectric O'Mazás. - - Microform (mi'-Aro-form) [utkpóg, small; forma, form]. A microscopic object. Microgenesis (mi-Aro-jen/-es-is) [utkpóg, small; yévêqug, origin]. Abnormally small development of a part. Microgenia (mi-Aro-je/-ne-ah) [utkpóg, small; yévetov, chin]. Abnormal or congenital smallness of the chin. Microgerm (mi/- Aro-ferm) [utkpóg, small ; germen, seed, sprig). A microbe ; more properly, the spore of a microörganism. Microglossia (mi-Aro-glosſ-e-ah)[utkpóg, small; YWöcoa, tongue]. Abnormal smallness of the tongue. Micrognathia (mi-Arog-ma’-the-a/.) [utkpóg, small ; yvá60ç, jaw]. Abnormal smallness of the jaws, espe- cially of the lower jaw. Microgonidium (mi-Åro-go-mid/-e-um) [utkpóc, small; yová, generation, seed: pl. , Microgonidia]. In biol- ogy, a relatively small-sized gonidium. Microgram (mi'-Aro-gram) [uíkpog, small ; Ypáppia, a Greek weight; gram]. A millionth part of a gram. Micrograph (mi'-Aro-graf) [utkpóc, small; Ypápetv, to delineate]. A device for enabling one to draw sketches on a very small scale. Micrography (mi-Arog/-raiſe) [utkpóg, small ; ypáſpelv, to write]. A description of bodies that are studied under the microscope. See Photo-micrography. Microgyria (mi-Aro-ji’-re-ah) [utkpóg, small ; Yūpoc, gyrus]. Smallness of the convolutions of the brain. Microhistology (mi-Aro-his-to/-o-je). Synonym of Micristology. - Microhm (mi'-Arām) [utkpóc, small; ohm]. lionth part of an ohm. Microkinesis (mi-kro-Ain-e'-sis) [ukpóg, small; kivmouc, motion]. A minor movement without definite pur- pose, especially in early infantile life; in children, any spontaneous act; in adults, fidgety movement, restlessness, as in sleep; post-epileptic action. Microlentia (mi-Aro-len/-te-ah) [uukpóg, small; lens, lens]. The state of having an abnormally small crys- talline lens. Microliter (mi'-Aro-le-ter) [utkpóg, small; Airpa, a liter]. The millionth part of a liter. Microlith (mi'-Aro-lith) [utkpóg, small; Wiffog, stone]. A microscopic calculus. Micrology (mi - krol/-o -je) [utkpóg, small; A6).og, a treatise]. A treatise on minute objects, especially microscopic objects. Micromania (mi-Åro-ma/-ne-ah) [ukpóg, small; uavia, madness]. Delusion of belittlement; the impression that one's body, or some part of it, is or has become small, or that all objects around one are small. The mil- 763 MICROMETRY Micromazia (mi-Aro-ma/-ze-ah) [pukpóg, small ; uoſéc, breast]. Abnormal smallness of the mammae. Micromelia (mi-Aro-me/-le-a/.) [ukpóc, small; ué20g, limb]. Abnormal smallness of the limbs. Micromelus (mi-Arom/-el-us) [ſukpóg, small; Hé20g, limb]. A single autositic monster of the species ectromelus, characterized by the presence of limbs that are normal in form but abnormally small. Micromere (mi/- Aro - mer) [uſkpóg, small; uépoc, a part]. In biology, one of the smaller blastomeres formed in the segmentation of certain ova; specifically, the “animal cell '' of Rabl. Micromeria (mi-Aro-me/-re-a/) [ukpóg, small; ſuépoc, a part]. A genus of labiate herbs. M. douglassii, the Yerba buena of the Pacific U. S., is a fragrant aromatic stimulant and anthelmintic. Unof. Micromerology (mi-Aro-me-ro/-o-je) [utkpóg, small ; puépoc, part; 2.670ſ, science]. The science of anatomic segments. Micrometer (mi - Arom/-et-er) [utkpóg, small ; uérpov, measure]. An instrument designed for measuring exceedingly small dimensions. M., Eye-piece, a micrometer to be used with the eye-piece or ocular. M., Object or Objective. See M., Stage. M., Ocular, a micrometer to be used with the ocular. See Ocular. M., Stage, a finely divided scale or rule on glass or metal for determining the magnification of a compound microscope. - Micrometric (mi-Arom-et/-rik) [utkpóg, small; uérpov, measure]. Pertaining to the micrometer; measuring very minute distances, surfaces, or objects, as a micro- metric screw, or hematoscope. Micrometry (mi-krom/-et-re) [uukpóg, small ; uérpov, measure]. The determination of the size of objects by the aid of a micrometer. M., Methods of Ocu- lar, are as follows: I. By finding the value of a division of the ocular micrometer for each optic com- bination and tube-length used, and employing this valuation as a multiplier. Thus, if with a given optic combination and tube-length it required five divisions on the ocular micrometer to include the image of ſº, mm. of the stage micrometer, then one space on the ocular would include # of ſº mm., or ; mm.; and the size of any unknown object would be obtained by multiplying the number of divisions on the ocular micrometer required to include its image by the value of one space. 2. By finding the number of divisions on the ocular micrometer required to include the image of an entire millimeter of the stage micrometer, and using this number as a divisor. If five divisions of the ocular micrometer are required to include the image of ſº, mm. on the stage micrometer, then it would require 5 –– fºr = 25 divisions on the ocular micrometer to include a whole mm. on the stage micrometer; then the number of divisions of the ocular micrometer required to measure an object divided by 25 would give the actual size of the object in millimeters or in a fraction of a millimeter. 3. By having the ocular micrometer ruled in milli- meters and divisions of a millimeter, and then getting the size of the real image in millimeters. In employ- ing this method a stage micrometer is used as an object, and the size of the image of one or more divisions is measured by the ocular micrometer. If the stage micrometer is ruled in Tºm and rºw mm., and the ocular micrometer is ruled in millimeters and tº mm., take tº mm. on the stage micrometer as the object, and suppose it to require IO of the T's spaces, or I mm., to measure the real image; then the real image must be magnified +} + 1} = 5 diameters. M., Methods of Stage: I. By mounting the object upon a stage micrometer, and directly reading off the number of spaces covered by the object. 2. Divide the size of the image by the MICROM ILLIMETER magnification of the microscope. The elliptic nucle- ated red blood-corpuscle of the Necturus makes a good object. If its long axis is 18 mm., and the magnifica- tion of the microscope is 400 diameters, the actual length of the axis would be 18 mm. -- 400 = .O45 mm. 3. By the use of a stage micrometer and camera lucida. Indicate by means of the camera lucida the outlines of the object to be measured. Replace the object with a stage micrometer. Note how many spaces are required to include the object. As the value of each space is known, the size of the object may be very readily computed. Micromillimeter (mi-Aro-mi/-im-e-ter) [uukpóg, small; mille, thousand; uétpov, measure]. I. The one- thousandth part of a millimeter or the one-millionth part of a meter. It is the unit of certain microscopic measure- ments. It is called also micron, 2. The millionth part of a millimeter. - - Micrommatous (mi-Årom/-at-us) [ulkpóg, small ; 5upua, eye). Small-eyed. Micromyelia (mi-kro-mi-e'-le-ah) [ukpóg, small; uve?6ç, marrow]. Abnormal smallness of the myel, or spinal cord. Micron (mi'-Aron) [ulkpóg, small ; pl., Microns or Micra]. The millionth part of a meter or a thou- sandth of a millimeter, the generally accepted English form of Listing’s mikron. It is the equivalent of s:#wn of an English inch, and its symbol is u. Micronucleus (mi-Aro-nu/-Åle-us) [ulkpóg, small ; mu- c/eus, a kernel]. A small or minute nucleus. In biology, Maupas' term for the parametc/ezes, or the 7zucleolus of other authorities. Microërchid (mi-Aro-or/-Aid) [ukpóg, small ; 5pxic, tes- ticle]. Having very small testicles. Microörganic (mi-Aro-or-gam/-īk) [ulkpóg, small ; Śpya- vov, instrument]. Having the character of a micro- organism. Microörganism (mi-Åro-or/-gan-izm) [ulkpóg, small; ūpyavov, instrument]. A term applied to a microscopic being of the animal or vegetable kingdom ; in a special sense it is restricted to that vegetable group known as bacteria. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Micropanencephalus (mi-Aro-pan-en-sef’-a/-us) [ut- Kpég, small ; Tāv, all ; Śyképaž0ſ, encephalon]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle included between lines drawn from the hormion to the nasion and to the basion, respectively, is between 138° and 163°. Microparasite (mi-Aro-par'-as-it) [ulkpóg, small; trap- 40. Tog, a parasite]. A parasitic bacterium or other microörganism. - Micropathologic (mi-Aro-path-o-o/-ić) [ulkpóg, small; Tábog, disease; 7.6).0ç, science]. Pertaining to micro- pathology. Micropathologist (mi-Aro-path-o/-o-fist) [ukpóg, small; Táffoç, disease; %yoç, science]. One versed in micro- pathology. - Micropathology (mi-Aro-path-o/-o-je) [ukpóg, small; Táſſoc, disease; %yog, science]. The study of minute pathologic changes; also, the scientific study of micro- organisms in their relation to disease. Morbid his- tology. +. Microphage (mi'-Aro-ſåj) [ukpóg, small; payeiv, to de- vour]. A small phagocyte. Metschnikoff’s term for certain small free leukocytes at the margin of an ery- sipelatous patch of skin, and which he believes to have the power of destroying the infecting micrococci of the disease. (AEower &nd Sedgwick.) - Microphagist (mi-Aroſ’-aſ-ist) [ukpóg, small; payeiv, to eat]. In biology, a feeder on microscopic organ- isms. Microphagocyte (mi - Aro - ſag' - o - sit). phage. See Micro- 764 Micropia (mi-Aro'-pe-ah). MICROSCLERE Microphagus (mi-kroſ’-ag-us) [utkpóg, small; payeiv, to eat]. . A microphage. Microphone (mi'-Aro-ſon) [ukpóg, small; pová, sound]. An instrument that amplifies delicate or feeble sounds. Microphonia (mi-Aro-fo/-ne-ah) [utkpóg, small; pová, voice]. A weak voice; feebleness of the voice. Microphotograph (mi-kro-fo/-to-graf) [ulkpóg, small; póg, light; Ypápetv, to write]. A very small or micro- Scopic photograph of an object ; in most cases the object is greatly reduced in the photograph, and must be looked at with a microscope. Cf. Photo-micrograph. Micro-photography(mi-Aro-ſo-tog/-ra fe)[utkpóg, small; (póg, light; Ypápetv, to write]. The production of photographs of microscopic size, usually of large objects. These photographs must then be examined with a magnifier or microscope. In French and German this term is also employed for Photo-micrography, q.v. Microphthalmos (mi-kroff-tha/-mos) [utkpóg, small ; bºflažuóg, eye). An abnormally small but otherwise healthy eye. - Microphylline (mi-Aroft/-īn) [ukpóg, small; pú7% ov, leaf J. In biology, possessing minute leaflets or scales. Microphyllous (mi-Aroff’-i/-us) [utºpóg, small; piºon, leaf J. In biology, having small leaves. - Microphyte (mi'-Aro-fit) [ukpóg, small; putóv, plant]. Any microscopic plant, especially one that is parasitic in habits. Microphytic (mi - Aro-fi/- ?) [ulkpóg, small; burów, plant]. Pertaining to microscopic vegetable life. See Micropsia. Microplasia (mi-Aro-pla/-ze-a/) [ſuſpóg, small; Tāāoug, a molding]. Arrested development. - - Micropodous (mi-Arop/-o-dus) [utſpóg, small; toig, foot]. Small-footed. , * - Micropolariscope (mi-Aro-po-lar/-is-É0p) [ulkpóg, small; £olaris, polar; akoteiv, to view]. A polariscope used in connection with a microscope. Micropore, Microporus (mi/-Aro-por, mi-Aro-por/-us) [utkpóg, Small ; Tôpoſ, a pore or passage]. In biology, any small pore, as in the heads of certain spermatozoa ; specifically applied by Moseley to the smaller pores in the tegmenta of the shells of nearly all Chitomidae. Cf. Megalopore. Microprosopa (mi-Aro-pro - so/-pah) [ulkpóg, small; Tpóootov, face]. Congenital smallness of the face. Micropsia (mi-krop'-se-ah) [utkpóg, small ; 6 pug, sight]. An apparent diminution in the size of objects, sup- posed to result from changes in the retinal end-organs. Micropsychia (mi-Aro-si/-/*e-ah) [ukpóg, small ; puxi, mind]. Weak-mindedness. Micropsychosis (mi-Aro-si-ko/-sis) [utkpóg, small; purſ, mind.]. The inchoate thinking of infantile life; the spontaneous, disconnected, and half-suppressed think- ing of later life; wandering, dreamy, or uncontrolled mental action. Micropus (mi-Aro/-pus) [utkpóg, small ; Toig, foot]. Abnormal smallness of a leg; a congenital defect. Micropyle (mi'-Aro-fi/) [ulkpóg, small; Tú%m, gate, ori- fice]. In biology, the small opening in an ovum or ovule through which the fertilizing particle may penetrate. Microrhabd (mi'-Aro-rabd) [utkpóg, small; bá6óog, a rod, stick, wand]. In biology, a rhabdus-shaped microsclere or flesh-spicule of a sponge. Microrrheometer (mi-Aro-re-om/-et-er) [ulkpóg, small; beiv, to flow ; piétpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring liquids flowing through small tubes. Microrrhinia (mi-Aro-rin/-e-ah) [utkpóg, small ; big, nose]. Congenital atrophy or smallness of the nose. Microscelous (mi-kros/-el-us) [ſukpóg, small; altéWoç, leg]. Short-legged. Microsclere (mi'-Aro-skler) [ukpóg, small ; ok?epóg, hard]. In biology, a flesh-spicule of a sponge. MICROSCLERUM Microsclerum (mi-Aro-sk/e/-rum) [utºpóc, small; or:Ae- póg, hard ; pl., Microsclera]. Same as Microsclere. Microscope (mi'-Aro-s/6/) [ukpóc, small; orotréiv, to view]. An optic apparatus for giving an enlarged and distinct image of a minute and near object. M., Achromatic, one in which, by proper lenses, the chromatic aberration is corrected. M., Achromatic Triplet, a simple achromatic microscope consisting of one crown-glass and two flint-glass lenses cemented together. M., Binocular, a microscope having divergent oculars, one for each eye, so that the object is seen with both eyes. M., Compound, one that con- sists of two or more lenses or lens-systems, of which Eye-piece. - Draw-tube. Body. Fine Adjustment. Body-tube. Ariſl. ri II Body. ; Nose-piece. Objective. Stage. Aperture in diaphragm. Sº |º lºgº ºiſ i - Hº :::::. ºil. º - C Diaphragm. Stand. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE. (Half matural size.) one, the objective, placed near the object, gives an enlarged and inverted real image. The other, the ocular, acting like a simple microscope, gives an enlarged virtual image of the real image. M., Erect- ing, one in which the image is made erect by means of a prism placed above the objective. M., Oil-immer- sion, a compound microscope of which the free sur- face of the objective is immersed in a drop of oil placed on the cover-glass. M., Polarizing, one with a polariz- 765 MICROSPORON ing-prism attached. M., Simple, one consisting of one or more lenses or lens-systems acting as a single lens. The rays of light that enter the eye of the ob- server, after refraction through these lenses, proceed directly from the object itself. M., Tripod Magnifier, a simple microscope mounted in a frame supported by three legs. M., Water-immersion, one similar to the oil-immersion microscope, except that a drop of water is used instead of oil. Microscopic (mi-Aro-skop(-i) [ukpóc, small ; GKorea', to view.J. Pertaining to the microscope; so small as to be invisible except with the aid of a microscope. M. Slide, M. Slip. See Cover-glass. Microscopist (mi-árosſ-Åo-pist) [utkpóg, small; akotein', to view]. One who is skilled or expert in the use of the microscope. Microscopy (mi-Arosſ-Åo-pe) [ulkpóg, small; akotein', to view). The use of the microscope; microscopic study or observation. Microseme (mi'-Aro-sem) [utkpóc, small; oftua, sign, index]. Having a low index. See /ndex. Microsiphonula (mi-Aro-si-ſon/-u-/a/.) [ukpóg, small ; oigov, a tube, pipe: pl., Microsiphonuſae]. In biol- ogy, a larval stage of certain cephalopods. Microskopirlack (mi-Aro-sko-per/-/a4) [Ger.]. Mounting-media. Microsoma (mi - Aro - so/- mah) [ukpóc, small ; Göua, body : £7., Microsomata]. In biology, small chroma- * tin-granules in the cell-nuclei; aggregated they form the “merits” of Boehm, and the “ancestral germ- plasms ’’ or “ids” of Weismann. Microsomatia (mi-Aro-so-ma/-she-ah). Microsoma. Microsomia (mi-Aro-so’-me-a/) [utkpóc, small; goua, body]. An arrest of growth resulting in a dwarfing of the whole body. Microspectroscope (mi - Aro - spe/- fro-sköft) [ukpóc, small ; spectrum, spectrum; okoteiv, to view]. A direct-vision spectroscope-prism in connection with the ocular of a microscope, by the use of which it is possible to examine the absorption-bands of a substance in minute quantities. The usual arrangement is a series of glass prisms in a small tube which is attached above the ocular. Microsphyctous(mi-Åro-sfik/-fus)[ſukpóg, small; agišić, pulse]. Having a small pulse. Microsphyxia (wri-Kyo-jićs/-e-ah)[ukpóg, small; opišić, pulse]. Weakness or smallness of the pulse. Microsplanchnus (mi-Kro-s/ſangé'-mus) [utºpóg, small; ot?6 yxpov, viscus]. Having small viscera. Microsporangium (mi-Aro-spo-ran/-je-um) [ukpóſ, small ; GTópog, seed; a) jºior, vessel ; // , Al/icy-os/or- angia]. In biology, a sporangium that produces micro- spores. Microspore (mi'-Aro-spor) [unpóc, small ; GTópoc, a seed]. In biology: (a) an asexually-produced spore of relatively small size, as in the A'/'736cazzº, Seſagin- el/a, Isoete : (6) One form of amisospore among the colonial A’adio/arians. Microsporidia (mi-Aro-spo-rja'-e-a/) [utKpác, small; GTópoc, seed]. A genus of sporidia, a class of the sporozoa. They occur as parasites in the muscles of the frog, the marsh-tortoise, in worms and insects. In silkworms they are held by some to be the cause of Péðrine, q.v. Microsporon (mi-Åro-spo’-ron) [utKpóc, small; otópoc, seed]. A fungus to which several diseases of the skin and hair are believed to be due. M. audouini, the cause of Pelade, a disease of the hair-covered skin. M. furfur. See 77 nea versico/or, M. malassezii, the specific fungus of pityriasis versicolor. M. men- tagrophytes, the cause of mentagra, g. v. M. mi- See Synonym of MICROSTAT nutissimum, a species found in the groin and axilla, causing an eruption. See Erythrasma. Microstat (mi'-Aro-stat) [ukpóg, small; oratóg, fixed]. A stage and finder, for attachment to a microscope. Microsthenic (mi-Aro-sthen/-ić) [utkpóg, small; othévoc, power]. Having feeble muscular power. Microstoma (mi-Aro-sto/-mah) [uukpóg, small; otóua, mouth]. Abnormal smallness of the mouth. Microstomatous (mi-Aro-sto/-mat-us) [utkpóg, small; oróua, mouth]. Small-mouthed. Microstome (mi'-Aro-stöm) [ukpóg, small; otóua, a mouth]. In biology, a small mouth or orifice. Microstomous (mi-kros/-to-mus). Synonym of Micro- Słożſzałozas. Microstructure (mi-Aro-stru//-châr) [utkpóg, small; structura, a structure]. Microscopic structure. Microstylospore (mi-Åro-stº/-ſo-spor) [ukpóg, small; otü%0c, a pillar; otópoc, a seed]. In biology, a rela- tively small stylospore. Microstylous (mi-Aro-sti’-lus) [ukpóg, small; otiſhog, a pillar]. In biology, applied to short-styled flowers; having long stamens. Microsyphilionthus (mi-Åro-siſ-iſ-e-on/-thus) [ukpóg, small ; syphilis, syphilis]. A small syphilid. Microtasimeter (mi-Åro-fas-im/-et-er) [utkpóg, small; Táoug, stretching; uéTpov, measure]. An instrument used in ascertaining Small pressures. Microtesia (mi-Aro-Ze/-ze-a/.) [utºpórmg, smallness]. Congenital smallness of part of the body. 4 × Microtia (mi-Aro/-she-ah) ſulkpóg, small; oig, ear]. Abnormal smallness of the external ear. Microtome (mi/-Åro-tom) [utkpóg, small ; touff, a cut- ting]. An instrument for making thin sections for microscopic examination. The microtomes of Schanze, Rutherford, Hamilton, Williams, Lewis, Jung, Leiter, Ryder, Minot, Ranvier, and Cathcart are the most Sºº-- º & %. ºffº. RANVIER’s HAND MICROTOME. used. M., Freezing, one in which the tissue is frozen, in order to secure the hardness required for properly cutting sections. M., Hand, one consisting of a hollow cylinder in which the specimen is imbed- ded, and the operation of which is carried out by hand. M., Immersion, one that permits of cutting the Sections beneath the surface of alcohol. M., Rocking, for cutting sections in series. M., Sliding, one in which the cutting knife operates by a sliding- In Overment. Microtomist (mi-krot/-o-mist) [utkpóg, small; touff, a cutting]. One who cuts sections with the microtome. Microtomy(mi-kroſ/-o-me)[utkpóg, small; touía; réuvetv, to cut]. In biology, the art of section-cutting, or preparing tissues for histologic investigation. 766 MIGRATION Microtrophous (mi-kroſ/-ro-ſus) [ukpóg, small; Tpópm, nourishment]. Under-fed; containing little nourish- ment. Micro-volt (mi/-Aro-volt). See Flectric Onits. Microzoöid (mi-Aro-zo’-oid) ſulpóg, small; Kºjov, an animal ; eldog, form]. In biology, applied to certain Small, free, swimming zoöids among the Porticellide. Microzöon (mi-Aro-zo’-on) [ukpóç, small ; Śov, an animal: pl. , Microzoa). In biology, any microscopic animal; an animalcule. Microzoöspore (mi-Aro-zo’-o-spor) [ukpóc, small; Kºjov, an animal ; GTopá, seed]. In biology, a relatively small zoöspore. Microzymatous (mi - Aro - 27-mat- us) [ulkpóg, small; Çüum, leaven]. Of the nature of, or caused by, a microzyme; zymotic. Microzyme (mi'-Aro-zim) [utkpóç, small; Kipim, leaven]. Any one of those microörganisms, or particles of living matter, which according to the theory of Béchamp, are the real agents of the functions of the organism, and the perversion of whose function constitutes disease. They secrete a ferment, Zymase, which in disease is transformed into pathogenic substances. Miction (mik/-shun) [mictio, urination]. The act of voiding the urine. : Mictopyous (mić-top'-e-us) [uktóg, mixed; triov, pus]. Mixed with pus. Micturition (mik-fu-ris/-um) [micturitio, micturire, to pass water]. The act of passing urine. Mid [ME., mid, middle]. Middle. M.–brain. Syno- nym of Mesencephalon. M.-facial, pertaining to the middle of the face. M.-frontal, pertaining to the middle of the forehead. M.-f. Process, in the em- bryo, the central one of the three plates forming the fronto-nasal process. M.-gut. See Aſesogaster. M.- head. See Centriciput. Middle (mid/-/) [ME., middel, middle]. Mean; equally distant from the extremities. M. Commis- sure, the medicommissure, g. v. M. Oil, the Second main fraction in the coal-tar distillation process. It is collected between 170° C. and 230° C., yielding upon further treatment two very important and valuable products, namely, liquid and solid carbolic acid and naphthalene. Midriff. See Diaphragm. . Midwife. A female obstetrician ; a female nurse who attends women in childbirth. Midwifery. See Obstetrics, Miescher’s or Miescherian Sacs, Tubes or Utri- cules. Sausage-shaped Psorosperm-tubes or saccules, found occasionally in immense numbers in the muscles of pigs, cattle, sheep, mice and fowls, but never in man. See under Parasites (Animal), Table of See Utricule. M.'s Tubes. See M.'s Sacs. Migraine (me/-grän.) [Fr.]. A paroxysmal, usually unilateral headache associated with gastric, vaso-motor, and visual symptoms. There is sharp pain most frequently in the temporo-frontal region of one side, with general hyperesthesia of the affected surface. There is photophobia; nausea and vomiting are com- mon. The face may be pale or flushed. The disease may be hereditary, is often associated with anemia, overwork, dyspepsia, eye-strain, menstrual disorders, and other conditions. By some it is regarded as the Sensory analogue of epilepsy. See Hemic.razzia and Megrim. Migrainous (me-gra/-mus) [Fr., migraine]. nature of, or associated with, migraine. Migration (mi-gra/-shum) [migratio; migrare, to wander]. . In zoölogy, the periodic departure of cer- tain animals, especially birds, from one to another cli. mate. M., External (of the Ovum), the passage of Of the 2’ MIGRATORY the ovum from an ovary to the tube of the opposite side. M., Internal (of the Ovum), the passage of the ovum through the tube related to the ovary from which the ovule was discharged, into the uterus and across into the opposite tube. M. of Ovum, its passage from the ovary to the Fallopian tube. M. of White Corpuscles, one of the phenomena of inflam- mation, consisting in the passage of the white cor- puscles of the blood through the vessel-wall. Migratory (mi/-graf- o - re) [migrare, to wander]. Characterized by wandering, or changing locality. M. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia migrans. Mika Operation (mi/-/a/.) [African]. A method in vogue among certain African tribes for the purpose of preventing impregnation. It consists in the formation of a permanent urethro-perineal fistula in the male. Mikrantrus (mi-Aram/-trus). See Micrantrus. Mikrencephalus (mi-Aren-seſ/-al-us). See Micren- cepha/us. Mikrencranus (mi-Aren-Ara/-nus). Mikro- (mi'-Aro-). See Micro-. Mikron (mi'-Aron). Same as Micron. Mikulicz Drain. A method of draining the abdominal cavity after operation. A piece of iodoform-gauze, with a string tied to its center, is placed in the cavity, and into this improvised sac considerably more gauze is packed. Pressure is thus induced while the capil- lary action of the sac secures drainage. Mil [mille, a thousand]. The one-thousandth part of an inch. M., Circular, the area of a circle the one-thousandth of an inch in diameter. Mildew (miſ/-du) [ME., mildewe, mildew]. The common name for any one of a number of minute fungi destructive to living plants and dead vegetable substances, as cloth and paper. The name is most properly applied to: (1) The Erysipha", or powdery mildews, which are parasitic upon living plants of many natural orders. Among the best known and most destructive is the vine mildew, or powdery mildew of the grape, Oidium tuckeri, Berk, a native of America, where alone it produces its perithecial form, described as Erysiphae spiralis, or Oncinzºla am- pelopsidis, the conidial form only being known in Europe. The mildew infesting Compositae, Plantago, Verbascum, Labiatae, is Ærysiphaº Zamprocarpa that of grasses, E. graminis ; that of Umbelliferae, clover, lucern, lupines, etc., E. marţii; that of Polygonum, Rumex, Convolvulus, Dipsacus, Lathyrus, Delphi- nium, Aquilegia, Ranunculus, AE. communis, that of the various species of Prunus, Podosphaera kunzei; and that of hops and other plants, P. castagne: ; (2) The Peronosporea, or downy mildews, among which are a large number of well-known parasites, such as the American downy mildew of the grape, Peronospora viticola ; that of the Umbellifera, P. nivea, that of Cruciferae, cabbages, etc., P. para- sitica, that of onions, P. schleideniazza, that of vio- lets, P. violae; that of “potato rot,” Phytophthora infestans, which, according to Bennett and Murray, first appears, as a rule, on the green leaves of the potato-plant in July or August, the sporangiophores emerging through the stomates. Sporanges are formed, under favorable conditions, in a few hours, and are carried by the wind to other potato-leaves, where they produce zoöspoores or germ-tubes, in drops of water formed by dew or rain; the germ- tubes penetrate the epiderm, setting up fresh growths of mycelium in new plants, and thus the disease is propagated ; countless numbers of such propagating cells, each potentially the mother of a number of zoöspores, may thus be set free from a few diseased plants, and the spread of infection and destruction of See Micrencranus. 767 MILK tissue in warm, moist weather is almost inconceivably rapid. The disease extends to all parts of the plant, including the tubers, in which the mycelium often remains in a resting condition throughout the winter, a fresh start being made in the spring. For treat- ment, spraying with Bordeaux mixture, alone or in combination with solutions of ammoniacal carbonate of copper, sulphate of copper, sulphate of iron, etc., have been employed. Milfoil (mi/-foil). See Achil/ea. Miliaria (mil-e -a/- re-ah) [milium, millet]. Prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disease of the Sweat- glands, the lesions consisting of pin-point or larger- sized vesicles and papules, accompanied by a pricking or tingling sensation. It runs an acute or subacute course, and is followed by slight desoluamation. Relap- ses are common. M. alba. See A/. crystallina. M. crystallina, a variety of miliaria in which the sweat accumulates under the superficial horny layers of the epidermis to form small, clear, transparent vesicles. It is also called Sudamina crystallina. These lesions are principally found on the neck, chest, back, and abdomen; they form rapidly, but do not increase in size, nor do they coalesce. They are followed by slight desºluamation. Sometimes their contents be- come cloudy, milky, or semi-puriform in character (Miliaria alba). M. lactea, a form occurring in puerperal women. M. papulosa, a variety of A/. rubra. It is the well-known “prickly heat.” M. puerperalis, M. puerperarum, a form occurring in lying-in women, especially in conditions of septic in- fection. M., Red Gum. See M. strophulus. M. rubra, a form of miliaria in which there is an inflam- mation of the tissues surrounding the Sweat-glands, secondary to the retention of sweat. There is red- ness and itching ; the eruption is very copious and thickly set, so that the skin assumes a vividly red color. M. strophulus, a form occurring in nursing infants, due to excessive swathing. M. vesiculosa. Same as /l/. rubra. Miliariform (mil-e-ar/-if-orm). Miliary (miſ/-e-a-re) [milium, millet]. Of the size of a millet-seed. M. Fever. See Fezer. M. Tuber- cles, tubercular nodules of very small size, usually present in large numbers, as in miliary tuberculosis. See, also, Grufum. M. Tuberculosis. See Tubey- culosis. Military Fever. See Złºphus Fever. M. Medicine, or Surgery, the treatment of the diseases and wounds to which soldiers and sailors are liable. Milium (mi/-e-um) [miſium, millet-seed]. Grufum . Strophulus aſbidus. A skin-disease characterized by the formation of Small, roundish, whitish, sebace- ous, non-inflammatory elevations, situated just beneath the epidermis. They are found mainly on the face, eyelids, and foreheads of elderly persons, and may exist in immense numbers. They may undergo cal- cification, giving rise to cutaneous ca/cu/i. M., Amyloid. Synonym of A/o//uscum confo.giosum, 7. 2. M., Colloid, a rare skin-disease characterized by the presence, especially on the bridge of the nose, forehead, and cheeks, of minute, shining, flat, or slightly raised lesions of a pale-lemon or bright-lemon color. It is a form of colloid degeneration of the skin, affecting persons of middle or advanced age. Milk [ME., milk, milk]. The secretion of the mam- mary glands of Mammalia, consisting of water, casein, albumin, fat, milk-sugar, and salts. Cream con- sists mainly of the fats that rise to the surface of the milk. Skim-milk is the residue left after the removal of the cream. Buttermilk is cream from which the fatty matter has been removed. The sp. gr. of good Synonym of Miſiary. MILK milk varies from I.O27 to I.o.34. It should con- tain not less than Io per cent. of cream. The reac- tion of milk, when first secreted, is alkaline, but it becomes acid on standing, as a result of fermentative processes. The relative proportion of the constituents in milk of different animals may be seen from the appen- ded table of analyses from Wynter Blyth, 1882:— * w ſº : B -> Z. —l e 2. *- O O p. *4 P {x} ; ; | 3 || 3 | # fi º ſi- < £8 S4 O -l —l Whole milk,. 87.60 3.98 3.O2 4.40 4.30 O.7O Cream, . . . 77.30 I5.45 3.2O O, 20 3. I5 O.70 Skim-milk, . 90.34 I.OO 2.87 O.45 4.63 O.7I Butter, . . . . I4.89 82.02 1.97 o.28 o.28 O.56 Buttermilk, 9I.OO o.8o 3.50 O.2O 3.80 O.70 Curd, . . . . , 59.30 6.43 24.22 3.53 5.ol I.5. Whey, 94.00 O.35 O.4O O.4O 4.55 | c.60 M.-abscess, a mammary abscess. M., Artificial Mother’s, cow’s milk so prepared as to resemble in composition human milk. M.-bath. See Bath. M.-blotch. See Crusta lactea. M., Blue, a change in color of milk due to the development of the Bacillus cyanogenus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of M., Butter. See /l/i/A. M., Condensed, the milk of cows from which a large part of the water has been evaporated and sugar added. M.-crust, a term for vesicular eczema in children. The same as milk- blotch. M.-curdling Ferments. See Ferments. M.-cure, the method of treating certain diseases by an exclusive diet of skim-milk. It is of service in dropsies of all kinds, obstinate intestinal neuralgias, incorrigible dyspepsias with grave disturbances of nutrition, hepatic disorders, asthma due to pulmon- ary catarrh and emphysema, hysteric and hypochon- driac states associated with serious disturbances of nutrition, and in disorders of nutrition dependent on chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestine. M.- cyst, a peculiar and rare cystic tumor of the mam- mary gland. It is probably the result of extravasation of milk. The contained milk may become inspissated. M., Deficiency of. See Agalactia. M.-duct, a MILLIWEBER galactophorous duct. M., Excessive Secretion of. See Galactorrhea. M.-fever, certain phenomena, possibly with a slight rise of temperature, attending the establishment of the secretion of milk. It is due to a slight degree of septic intoxication. The term was formerly applied to all febrile exacerbations following parturition, and was often used synonymously with child-bed or puerperal fever. See, also, Galacto- Ayretus. M.-globule, a globule of oil of the kind seen in freshly drawn milk. M., Green, colos- trum. M., Human. See AHuman. M.-leg. See Phlegmasia alba dolens. M.-maid’s Cramp. See Cramp. M., Male, the seminal fluid, M.-molar, any deciduous molar tooth. M.-nurse, a wet-nurse. M.-plasma, the whey, or plasma of milk, seen when the casein and butter have been removed. M.-pump. See Breast-pump. M.-punch, a nutritious preparation made by adding brandy, whiskey, or rum, to milk in the proportion of about one to four or six parts, and flavoring with sugar and nutmeg. M.-rice Culture-medium : to IOO parts by weight of finely powdered rice add 2 IO parts by measure of a 3 to I mixture of milk and bouillon. Beat together and sterilize. M.-scab. Same as M.-blotch. M.-scall. See Porrigo larvalis. M.-sickness, an epizo- otic disease of cattle, communicable to persons who drink their milk or eat their flesh. It is marked by “trembles,” or chills, vomiting, and a disordered state of the functions of the alimentary canal. M., Skim. See Miſé. M.-spots, small, opaque, white spots of thickened pericardium re- sulting from a localized inflammation. These spots may sometimes be the result of slow Sclerotic changes occurring in old age. M.-sugar. See Lac- £ose. M. Teeth, the teeth of the first dentition; de- ciduous or temporary teeth. M.–tester, a lactometer. M.-thrush. Synonym of Aphtha. M.-vessel, in biology, one of the tubes in which a milky fluid is secreted. M.-weed, silk-weed. The root of Asclepias cornuti, with properties similar to those of A. tuberosa. It is a popular cure-all. Dose of the fla. ext. mix-gj. Unof. M., Witches’, colostrum; also milk secreted by the male breast. Milker’s Cramp, or Spasm. See Cramp. Millecoulomb (mil-Áoo/-/6m) [mille, one thousand ; Coulomój. One one-thousandth part of a coulomb. Miller, Bacillus of, M., Spirillum of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of. M.-Lewis Bacillus. A comma-bacillus found in the human mouth. Cf. Aacil/us dentalis viridans, under Bacteria, Synonym- atic Zable of Miller’s Asthma. Z)iseases, Table of Millers’ Eczema. A form of eczema of the hands, occurring in millers, from the irritation of the flour. M.s’ Lung, a form of Pneumonožomiosis. Millet-seed Rash. Synonym of A/iliaria. Mill-grinders’ Phthisis. See Plzeatmokoniosis. Milliampèrage (mil-e-om/-pār-ahzh)[mille, a thousand; Ampère, a French scientist]. The expression of electric current-strength in milliampères. - Milliampère (miſ-e-om/-pār) [mille, thousand; Ampère, a French scientist]. One-thousandth of an ampère, = I volt divided by IOOO. See also Ampère. Milliampèremeter (mil-e-om/-pār-me-ter) [mille, thou- sand; Ampère, a French scientist; Alétpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength of an elec- tric current. - - Milligram (miſ/-īg-ram). See Metric System. Milliliter (mi/-iſ-e-ter). See Metric System. Millimeter (miſ/-īm-e-ter). See Metric System. Milliweber (miſ/-e-web-er). Same as Milliampère. See Zaryngismus stridulus and MILLON'S REAG ENT Millon's Reagent. A reagent made by dissolving Io grams of mercury in 20 grams of nitric acid, diluting the solution with an equal volume of water, and decanting in twenty-four hours. Proteids warmed in contact with the reagent at a temperature of 70° C. yield a purple-red color. See Tests, Zable of Millstone-makers’ Phthisis. A form of pneumono- koniosis due to the inhalation of fine particles in the manufacture of millstones. Mill-tooth. A grinder; a molar tooth. Milman's Drink. A diuretic for use in dropsy. It consists of a solution of 94 ounce of potassium bitar- trate in two pounds of barley-water, with one or two fluid ounces of brandy added. Milori Blue. Same as Aer/in2 Blue. Milphae (mil/-ſe) [uí%al, falling of the hair of the eye- lids]. Same as Miſphosis. Milphosis (miſºſo/-sis) [uiàſpoolç, baldness]. of the eyebrows. Milt [a corruption of milk]. The spermatic organ or spermatic fluid of fishes, oysters, and other of the Baldness lower animals. See also Spleen. M.-waste. See Asplenium. Miltosis (mil-fo/-sis). Same as Miſphosis. Milzbrand (milis/-brant) [Ger.]. Synonym of An- 'thrax, g. v. Mimesis (mim-e'-sis) [utumouc, imitation]. In biology, mimicry; the simulation by an organism of some other organism or its environment. Mimetic (mim-et' iA) [utumouſ, imitation]. II].III]]|C. - . Mimetism (mim/-et-izm). Same as Mimesis and Mām- 2cr.y. . Mimic (mim/-ić) [upukóc, from Hipoc, an actor]. Imi- tative simulating. Aneurysm. See Ahantom Aneurysm. M. Labor, false labor. M. Spasm, habit- Spasm, or convulsive tic. Mimicism (mim/-is-izm) [uſumotº, imitation]. pathic imitation of words, gestures, etc. Mimicry (mim/-ić-re) [uiuoc, an imitator: pl., Mimic- ries]. Imitation. In biology, an imitative resemblance of one organism to another. The utilization by an or- ganism of false warning or signaling colors for the repel- ling of enemies by the deceptive suggestion of some unpleasant or dangerous quality, or for attracting prey by the deceptive appearance of something attractive to Imitative; Neuro- them. Even foreign objects commonly associated with some well-defended and aggressive species may be mimicked by a comparatively defenseless form. (Poulton). Mimmation (mim-a/-shun)[Ar., mim, the name of the letter m). The unduly frequent use of the sound of the letter m in speech. . Mimochasmesis (mim-o-AEaz-me/-sis) [upleioffat, to imi- tate; ſtáoumog, yawning]. Imitative yawning. Mimography (mim-og/-ra-ſe) [ſupleioffat, to imitate; Ypájetv, to write]. Sign-language used by deaf-mutes. Mimosa-bark (mi-mo/-sah) [uipog, a mimic]. Wattle; the bark of numerous species of Acacia (A. decurrens and A. dealbata) from Australia and Tasmania, con- taining from 24 to 30 per cent, of mimotannic acid. It is used in leather-manufactures, and makes a red leather. It is generally used in admixture. Mimosis (mim-o/-sis). Same as Mimesis. Mimotannic Acid (mim-o-tan/-iā). See Cutch. Mimotype (mim/-o-tip) [uipog, a mimic; Titog, form]. In biology, a form distantly resembling another and fulfilling similar functions; the representative in one country of a type or form found in another. Mind (mind) [ME., mind, mind.]. The understand- ing. The reasoning and intellectual faculties consid- ered as a whole. M.-blindness, a form of aphasia 769 MINIUM in which, although the patient is perfectly able to see, no intellectual impression is conveyed to his mind by the object seen. This condition is also called Visual Amnesia. M.-cure, the alleged cure of disease through mental operations. M-curer, one who professes to cure disease by acting directly upon the mind of the patient. M.-deafness, a form of aphasia in which sounds, though heard and perceived as such, awaken no intelligent conceptions. This condition is also called Auditory Amnesia. M.-healer. Same as M.-curer. M.-reading, the perception of another's thoughts and feelings by a direct and occult process. M.-sick, insane. Mindererus, Spirit of. See Ammonii acetatis, Zig. Miner’s Anemia. A disease of coal-miners due in part to the choke-damp, or ethylene which they breathe. M.'s Asthma. See Anthracosis. M.'s Cachexia. See Ankylostomiasis. M.'s Disease. Same as Al/.'s Albow. M.'s Elbow, enlargement of the bursa over the olecranon, due to irritation while working and lying on the side. M.'s Lung. Same as Am/hracosis. M.'s Nystagmus. See AVystagmus. M.'s Phthisis, anthracosis; a chronic affection of the lungs due to the constant inhalation of coal-dust; it is attended with cough and dyspnea, and with a black discolora- tion of the pulmonary tissues. It is designated by various other names. The process often ends in tuberculosis. Mineral (min/-er-al) [minera, a mine]. Any inor- ganic chemic compound found in nature. The word is usually limited to the solid inorganic compounds. M.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of M. Colza Oil. See Burning Oil. M.-gray. See Pigments, Conspectus of M.-green. Same as Paris-green. M.-lake. See Pigments, Conspectus of M. Oil, petroleum. M.-orange. See Pigments, Conspectus of M. Pitch, bitumen. M.-purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of M. Sperm. See Burning Oi!. M. Water, water naturally or artificially impregnated with mineral salts or oxids. A classified list of the springs of the United States will be found in the appendix of the author’s “Student's Medical Dictionary.” The general classes into which the springs are grouped in- dicate the therapeutic actions of the waters. Analyses of typical examples of each class are there given in full ; of the rest, the active ingredients are indicated by the chemic formulae. Alkaline and carbonated springs are usually hot. Saline and sulphur springs may be either hot or cold. Silicious springs are always hot. M. VVax. See Ozocerife. M.-white. Same as Permanent-white. M.-yellow. Same as Casse/ ) el- Jozv. Mineralogy (min-er-a/-oje) [minera, a mine; 76; oc, science]. The science, or a scientific account, of minerals. Mineromephitis (min-er-o-meſ-i/-täs) [minera, mine ; mephitis, a noxious exhalation]. Mephitic gas, or miasm from mines; choke-damp. Miniate (min'-e-āţ) [minium, red lead]. colored. Minim (min'-im) [minimus, dim. of minus, little]. The one-sixtieth of a fluid dram. Symbol, mu- Minimeter (min/-im-e-ter) [minim, minim ; uérpor, measure]. An apparatus for measuring liquids in IIll IllinS. * Minimetric (min-im-et/-riž) [minim, minim; uéſpor, measure]. Pertaining to measurement in mining. M. Method, a method of estimating CO, in the air. See Penfilation. - Minium (min'-e-um) [L., min, or minium, red lead]. Red oxid of lead, Pb, O, ; used formerly in plasters. See also Pigments, Conspectus of Vermilion- 49 MINOR Minor (mi'-mor) [L., “less”]. I. Less; lesser; smaller. 2. An individual under legal age ; one under the authority of parents or guardians. M. Surgery. See Surgery, Minor. Minoration (mi-nor-a/-shum) [minorare, to make smaller]. Gentle purgation, or emesis. Minorative (mi’-ſtor-a-tiv) [minorare, to make smaller]. I. Effecting minoration. 2. A gently purgative remedy. Minot's Theory. See //eredity. Mint. See Mentha. M.-worts. Minutio (min-u/-she-o) [L.]. Synonym of Minoration. M. morrachi. An old method of reducing the strength of young men by venesection or other deriva- tive means, in order to exert an anaphrodisiac in- fluence. Minythesis (min-ith-e'-sis)[utvöffmotç, decrease]. Lysis; the stage of decrease in an attack of disease. - Mioangioneurosis (mi-o-au-je-o-nu-ro/-sis) [uetov, lesser; ayyelov, vessel; veipov, nerve; v6oog, disease]. A nervous disorder of the smaller blood-vessels; a vaso-motor or vaso-inhibitory disturbance. Miocardia (mi-o-kar'-de-ah) [uetov, less; Kapòia, heart]. The systolic diminution of the volume of the heart. See Auxocardia. Miocatantis (mi-o-kat-an/-täs) [uetov, lesser; Karávrmg, sleep). Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and the staphylion is between 23° and 45°. Miokatantis (mi-o-Kat-an/-tis). See Miocatantis. Miophylly (mi-off’-il-e) [uetov, less; $5%0v, a leaf J. In biology, the diminution by suppression of the number of leaves in a whorl. Miopragia (mi-o-pra/-je-ah) [uetov, less; Tpáooſelv, to do]. Diminished functional activity. Miopragic (mi-o-pra/-ié) [uetov, less; Tpáooſelv, to do]. Resulting from too little activity. Miosis (mi-o/-sis) [uetoolç; pleíov, less]. I. Contrac- tion or decrease in the size of an organ, especially of the pupil. 2. A lessening of the intensity of existing symptoms. Miostemonous (mi-o-s/em/-o-mus) [uetov, less; othſtov, stamen]. Having the stamens fewer in number than the petals. Miot's Operation. See Operations, Table of Miotaxy (mi'-o-taks-e) [uetov, less; tāšic, arrange- ment]. In biology, the complete suppression of an entire set of organs, as of the stamens, the petals, or the sepals of a flower. Miotic (mi-of/-ić) [uetotukóg, from u8tov, less]. I. Pertaining to, or characterized by, miosis; causing contraction of the pupil. 2. Any agent or medicine that contracts the pupil. Miquel's Bulb. An apparatus for air-analysis. Mirage (mér-ahz//) [Fr., mirer, to look at carefully]. An illusion caused by the reflection of objects against the surface upon which two layers of air of unequal density rest, the lighter on the heavier. Mirbane, Oil of. A name for nitrobenzene. Mirbel, Glands of. See Gland. Mire (měr) [Fr., the sight of a gun; a target]. Figures used upon the perimeter-bar of the ophthal- mometer of Javal and Schiótz; by observing the varia- tions of their images, as reflected from different merid- ians of the cornea, the measurement of corneal astig- matism is effected . Mirocele (mir/-o-se/). Same as Meroceſe. Mirror (mir/-or) [Fr., mirer]. I. A term applied to any polished surface that reflects a large proportion of the light falling upon it, especially a glass silvered on the anterior, or coated with a tin-amalgam on the See Labiate Plants. 770 MISONEISM posterior surface. Mirrors, plane or focusing, are used in the ophthalmoscope, laryngoscope, otoscope, etc., to reflect light into the cavity studied, and thus illuminate it for observation. 2. The movable silvered glass with a plane and a concave face for illuminating the object in microscopic observation. M.-bar, the bar supporting the mirror of a microscope. M., Den- tists’, a small speculum designed for the examination of the teeth; a mouth-glass. M., Frontal, M., Head, a circular mirror with a central perforation, strapped to the head by a band, and used to throw light on parts to be examined. M.-writing, a peculiarity of pen- manship observed in left-handed persons, and charac- terized by a reversal of the form and arrangement of the letters, which appear as if seen in a mirror. Miryachit (mer-e'-asch-it) [Rus., “to play the fool”]. A peculiar disease observed in some Oriental tribes, the chief characteristic of which consists in mimicry by the patient of everything said or done by another. The same disease is called Lata by the Javanese. It is also allied to the “Jumpers’’ of Canada. See Aalmezes. Misanthrope (mis/-an-thrôp) [utoeiv, to hate; āv6poſtoc, man]. A melancholy person; one who has an aver- sion to society. Misanthropy (mis-an/-thro-pe)[utoeiv, to hate; &v600Tog, man]. Aversion to human Society; a symptom not rare in melancholia. Misbirth (mis-berth/). Synonym of Abortion. Miscarriage (mis-kār/-āj) [ME., mis-, wrong, bad; carriage, burden]. The expulsion of the fetus between the fourth and the sixth month of pregnancy. Miscarry (mis-Édir/-e) [ME., miscarien, to miscarry]. To give birth to a non-viable fetus. º Miscegenation (mis-eſ-en-a/-shun) [miscere, to mix; genezes, race]. Mixture of different races by inter- marriage. Miscible (mis/-iö-Z) [miscere; to mix]. Capable of being mixed. Misemission (mis-e-mish/-um) [ME., mis-, wrong; emittere, to send forth]. A form of sterility in the male in which fertile semen may be secreted and ejaculated, but for some reason fails to be so de- posited in the female organs as to come in contact with the ovum and impregnate it. Usually it is due to some malformation of the urethra. Miserere mei (miz-er-a/-ra ma/-e) [L., “have mercy on me ''J. An old name for volvulus, or intestinal colic; also for stercoraceous vomiting. Mislactation (mîs-laž-ta/-shun). See Galactia. Mislocalization (mis-lo-AEa/-īz-a/-shun) [ME., mis-, wrong; locus, a place]. Failure properly to localize Sensory impressions. • Mismenstruation (mis-men-s/ru-a/-shun) [ME., mis-, wrong; menstruare, to menstruate]. Any disturbance of menstruation. Mismicturition (mîs-mik-fu-rish/-um) [ME., mis-, wrong; micturire, to pass water]. Any disorder of micturition. Misogamy (mis-og/-am-e) [utaeiv, to hate ; Yágoc, mar- riage]. Morbid and unreasonable aversion to mar- riage. Misogyny (mis-og/-in-e) [utoeiv, to hate; yová, woman]. Morbid and unreasonable hatred of women; a symp. tom often seen in insanity and in sexual perversion. Misologia (mis -o- lo'-je - ah) [utoeiv, to hate; %yog, reason]. Unreasoning aversion to intellectual or literary matters. Misomania (mis-o-ma/-ne-ah) [uto'eiv, to hate; pavia, madness]. The delirium of persecution. Misoneism (mis-on-e'-72m)[uto'eiv, to hate; véog, new]. Fear or horror of novelty. - MISOPEDIA Misopedia (mis-o-pe/-de-ah)[utaeiv, to hate; traig, child]. Morbid hatred of children, especially of one’s own children. - Misopsychia (mis-of-si/-ke-ah) [utaeiv, to hate; pužň, life]. Morbid disgust with life. Misoptochos, Misoptochus (mis-op/-to-kos, mis-op/-to- Aus) [utoeiv, to hate ; Trozóg, beggar]. Gout; face- tiously so termed because the poor are not so liable to it. Misozoia (mis-o-zo’-e-ah) [utoeiv, to hate; Goff, life]. Disgust with life, together with suicidal impulses. Misplaced (mis-plast’) [ME., mis-, wrong; place, place]. Out of proper position. M. Menstruation, vicarious menstruation. Missed (mist) [ME., missen, to miss]. Passed; failure of attaining. M. Abortion, the retention of the product of conception in the uterine cavity after its death and with the appearance of some of the symptoms of abortion. M. Labor, a rare accident of pregnancy, in which there is the occurrence of a few labor-pains at term, their subsidence, and the retention of the product of conception in utero for a varying period thereafter. M. Miscarriage. Same as M. Abortion. Misshapen (mis-sha/-pen) [ME., mis-, wrong; shape, shapel. Deformed; ill-shaped. . Missio (mis/-e-o) [L.]. A letting go. M. sanguinis, blood-letting. Missoy (mis/-oi). See Massoy Bark. Mistletoe (mis/-/-to). See Viscum. Mistura (mis-tu"-ra/.) [Z. gen, and pl., Misturae). A mixture. In pharmacy an aqueous preparation of an insoluble substance held in suspension, usually by the addition of soluble gum, egg-emulsion, etc. There are four official mistura, besides six in the British Pharma- copeia and 18 in the National Formulary. Mistus, Mixtus (mis/-tus, mićs/-tus) [miscere, p.p. mis- tus, mixtus, to mix]. In biology, a cross-breed. Mitchell’s (S. Weir) Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of - Mitchella (mich-e/-ah) [after John Mitchell, a Virgin- ian botanist]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. M. repens, partridge-berry or checker-berry, is diuretic and astringent, and among the Indians has reputed emmenagogue properties. Unof. Mite (mit) [ME., mite, a mite]. The common name applied indifferently to any of the eight-legged insects of the order Acarina. The fact that the immature forms have but six legs has led to some confusion in . the onomy of the group and the formation of spurious species (e. g., Zeptus). The mites are cosmopolitan, and the majority are parasitic upon plants and animals, while others infest organic substances, such as cheese, sugar, flour, old rags, rubbish, etc. For the true ticks see the genus /xodes, for the garden and harvest “ ticks,” “mites,” or “bugs,” and certain ecto-para- sites of birds, see the genera Zetranychus (Leptus), Trombidium, Cheyletus, Harpīrhynchus, Picobia ; and for those forms associated with the various acariases, the itch, mange, etc., of man and domestic animals, con- sult the genera Chorioptes, Cytodites, Demoder, Der- manyssus, Dermoglyphus, AEpidermoptes, Freyana, Aypodectes, Zistrophorus, Alžegninia, Pterolichus, Pso- ropies, Sarcopies, Symbiotes, Symploplectes, under Parasites (Animal), Table of Mithradate, Mithridate (mith/-rad-āt, mith/-rid-āt) [Möpaôátnc, Muffolóármº, a Grecian king]. An old name for an electuary of many ingredients, used as an antidote and alexipharmac. Mithradatism, Mithridatism (mith/-rad-āt-ism, mith/- mid-at-izm) [Möpačátnc, MºptóáTng). That immu- nity from the effects of a poison induced by the admin- istration of gradually increased doses. The selection of the word has reference to the fable concerning 771 (, MOAN Mithradates, king of Pontus, that he became so charged with the poisons with which he experimented that he acquired an immunity to them all. Mitigate (miſ/-īg-ăţ) [mitigare, to soften]. to make milder; to moderate. Mitigated Stick, or Caustic (mit/-īg-a-ſed) [mitigare, to soften]. See Argentum. Mitigating (mit/-ig.- a -ting) [mitigare, to soften]. Assuaging, allaying. Also, a descriptive term applied to anodynes. Mitigation (mit-ig-a/-shun) [mitigare, to soften]. A tº tenuation; lessening. Mitis-green. Same as Schweinfurth-green. Mitochysis (mi-do.4/-is-is) ſuitoſ, thread; aftouc, lique. faction]. Cell-multiplication, direct or by mitosis. Mitom (mi’-tom). Same as Mitoma. Mitoma, Mitome (mi - to/- ma/, mi/- tom) [utróg, a thread]. In biology, Flemming's term for the “filar mass,” i. e., the threads of the protoplasmic reticulum of a cell, also called Cytomitoma. Cf. Aaramitoma. Aaryomitoma. Mitoplastic (mi-to-plas/-tić) [uttoc, thread, web : Tââooew, to form]. Serving to build up the tissues. Mitosic (mi-to/-sik). Synonym of Mitotic or Karyo- Aizzezic. Mitosis (mi-toº-sis) [uirog, a thread]. In biology, the splitting of the nuclear chromatin of plant or animal cells while undergoing indirect division ; karyomitosis, karyokinesis. Mitotic (mi-tot/- ié) [uttoc, thread]. Mitosis. Mitra hippocratis (mâ’- fra/, / ;p-pok/- ra - ſis). Bazzdage, Capeline. Mitral (mi'-tral) [mitra, miter]. Resembling a miter; mitriform ; pertaining to the auriculo-ventricular valve of the left side of the heart. M. Disease, a generic term for organic disease of the mitral valve of the heart. M. Incompetence. See M. Regurgitation and Ændocarditis. M. Insufficiency. See AZ. Aegaer. gitation and Endocarditts. M. Murmur. See A/ur- 7,2247. M. Obstruction, disease of the mitral valve causing obstruction to the flow of blood through the left auriculo-ventricular opening. M. Regurgita- tion, disease of the mitral valve preventing its proper closure during the cardiac systole, and permitting blood to be forced back into the left auricle. M. Stenosis. See Al/. Obs/ruction. M. Valve. See l'aſzes. Mitrate (mi'-trät) [mitra, miter]. In biology, bonnet- shaped, miter-shaped, mitriform. Mitriform (mi'-triform) [mitra, miter; forma, form]. See Al/?tra/. Mitscherlich's Test. See 7ests, Table of Mittler's Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Mixed Blood. See J/u/atto, and Griffe. Mixogamy (miés-og’-am-e) [uišic, a mixing; Yápog, marriage]. In biology, the congregation of males and females, the number of the former being in excess, as exhibited by certain fishes at spawning-time. Mixopyus (miks o'-pe-us) [uyvínal, to mix; Tiow, pus]. Being mixed with pus. Mixoscopia (miks -o-sko/-pe - ah) [uišig cohabitation; oketteiv, to look]. A form of sexual perversion in which the orgasm is excited by the sight of coitus. See Voyeur. Mixture (miks/-tär). See Mistura. Mixtus (miès'-tus). See Mistus. Mnemonics (ne-mon/-iks) [uvium, the memory]. The science of cultivation of the memory by systematic methods. Moan (měn) [ME., momen, to moan]. I. To utter a low, dull sound expressive of suffering. 2. The sound so uttered. To allay; Pertaining to See MOBBY Mobby (mob/-e). See Aſabby. Mobile (mob/-i/) [mobilis, movable]. M. Pain. One that shifts from place to place. M. Spasm, athetosis; slow, irregular movement, as of the para- lyzed parts in hemiplegia. Mobility (mob-i/-it-e) [mobilis, movable]. That prop- erty by which the position of a body may be changed. The condition of being movable. Mochlus (mo/-lus) [uox26g, lever]. lever, or vectis. Mock Turkey-red. Same as Barzwood-red. Mocmain (mo/-mān) [Chinese for “tree-cotton’’I. The cottony hairs of Bombax heptaphyllum, a species of cotton-tree, used in stuffing the pads of trusses. Modal (mo'-da!) [modus, mode]. A term applied to the order of response of muscles and nerves to the galvanic current. Model (mod’-el) [model/us, dim. of modus, measure]. A standard for imitation. M., Antagonizing (for artificial teeth), a contrivance for obtaining an exact representation of the manner in which the jaws meet, by which a dentist selects, arranges, and antagonizes artificial teeth. Moderator (mod’-er-a-tor) Reil's band. See Band. M. Band. See Aand. M. Centers, M. Nerves. See /m/hibitory. Modification (mod-iſ-ić-a/-shun). See Tuberculin. Modiolus (mo-di/-o-/us) [L., nave]. I. The central pillar or axis of the cochlea, around which the spiral canal makes two and one-half turns. 2. The crown of a trephine. - Modulus (mod!’-u-lus) [dim. of modus, measure, mode]. A unit of certain physical forces. Modus (mo/-dus) [L.]. A mode or method. , M. operandi, the method of the performance of an action. Moenia (me/-ne-ah) [L., pl.]. Walls. M. dentis, the portions of the jaws that bear the alveoli. Mogigraphia (mog-ig-raf’-e-a/.) [uðylc, with difficulty; ypápetv, to write]. Difficulty or inability to execute writing movements; writers' cramp. Mogigraphic (mog-g-raf’-ić) [uðyug, with difficulty; (ppápetv, to write]. Characterized by mogigraphia. Mogilalia (mog-i/-a/-le-a/) [uðyug, with difficulty; Wańtá, talk]. Stammering, stuttering. Mogilalism (ſnog-i/-a/-/.2m). Same as Mogilalia. Mogiphonia (/log-iſ-o/-ne-a/) [uðyug, with difficulty; boyff, sound]. A difficulty in producing loud vocal sounds with the larynx, ordinary speech remaining unaffected. Mogographia (/rog-o-graf’-e-a/). See Mogºgraphia. Mogostocia (/og-os-/o/-se-a/.) [Aóyog, labor; Tókoç, birth]. Painful or difficult parturition. Mohr’s Method. A volumetric method of estimating the chlorids in the urine. It is carried out by means of precipitation by a standard solution of silver nitrate. Mohrenheim’s Fossa. See Fossa. M.'s Space, the groove on the deltoid muscle between the cephalic vein and the humero-thoracic artery. Moist [ME., moist, damp]. Damp; slightly wet. M. Chamber, a large circular glass with a lid, used in bacteriologic work, especially for growing potato-cultures. The chamber is kept moist by the evaporation of water from a moistened filter-paper which is laid on the bottom of the dish. M. Colors. See Aig/te/a/s, Colors, and Dyes/uffs. M. Filter, a filter-paper which is moistened with water. M. Gan- grene, the form of gangrene that occurs in a part filled with blood. See Gangrene. M. Melting, the form of procedure in the extraction of ſats, in which the material is melted over direct fire, with the addi- tion of dilute sulphuric acid. This is the process now The obstetric [moderare, to regulate]. 772 MOLECULAR generally followed. M. Tetter. See Eczema. M. Wart. See P'erruca acuminata. Mola (mo'-lah). See Mole. Molar (mo/-/ar) [moles, mass]. in contradistinction to molecular. Molar (mo'-lar) [mola, a millstone]. In biology, a tooth that has no deciduous predecessor, but is behind other teeth, the premolars, which (except the first) have deciduous predecessors. M. Glands, the salivary glands of the horse and other mammals; the superior is outside and along the upper border of the buccinator muscle, the inferior is at the inferior border of the buccinator. These glands pour their secretion into the mouth by a series of orifices arranged in line on the buccal membrane, parallel to each molar arch. M. Teeth. See Teeſ/. - Molariform (mo-lar/-iſ-orm) [mola, millstone; forma, form]. Having the form of a molar tooth. Molary (mo'-War-e) [molaria, belonging to a mill]. In zoölogy, fitted for grinding. - Molasses (mo-lasſ-sez) [mellaceus, honey-like]. Theri- aca; treacle; the uncrystallized residue of the refining of sugar. It is used in pharmacy. Mold, Mould (mold)[M.E., mould, mold]. I. A minute fungus or other vegetable growth of a low type ap- pearing on moist and decaying bodies. 2. The ma- trix or prepared and shaped cavity in which anything is cast and receives its form. Anything that serves to regulate the size and form of bodies. Cast; form ; shape. A fontanel or space occupied by a cartilag- inous membrane in the skull of the fetus and of a new- born child, situated at the angles of the bones that form the skull. Mole (mö/) [mola, a mass]. I. A proliferative degener- ation of the chorionic villi, producing a mass of berry- like vesicles attached to the placenta. It is called Vesi- cular Mole and Hydatidiform or Myxomatous Degener- ation of the Placenta. 2. Also applied to a small, pig- mented spot of the skin. M., Blood, a mass of coagula- ted blood and retained fetal membranes and placenta, Sometimes found in the uterus after an abortion. M., Carneous. See M., A'leshy. M., Cutaneous, a pig- mented spot on the skin. M., Cystic. Same as AZ., Ayalatia'iform. M., False, a mass of coagulated blood and exfoliated vaginal mucous membrane discharged oc- casionally in the course of membranous dysmenorrhea, and not due to a retained product of conception. M., Fleshy, the body formed in the uterine cavity when an ovum that has died is retained within the uterus for Some time. It may undergo fatty or calcareous degen- eration. M., Hairy. See Maevus pilosus. M., Hydatid, M., Hydatidiform, M., Hydatoid. See first defi- nition under Mole. M., Pigmentary. See AVævus pigmentoszes. M., Sanguineous. Same as AZ., Aleshy. M., Stone, a fleshy mole that has undergone calcareous degeneration. M., True, one the result of conception. M., Tubal. See Tubal. M., Uterine, a mass of morbid material sometimes contained in the uterus after the death of the product of conception. It is the result of some pathologic process. M., Vesicu- lar. Same as M., Hydatidiform. M., White, a pig- mentary nevus that has not yet attained its character- istic color. • Molecular (mo-le/-u-lar) [dim. of moles, mass]. Per- taining to, or composed of, molecules. M. Death, the changes of cellular or intimate structure that result in the disorganization of the vital cell or soma- cule, and that render impossible a resumption of its original function, See Somatic Death. M. Débris, heterogeneous microscopic particles of degenerated tissue. M. Heat, the heat-capacity of a molecule or compound. M. Motion, the movements of the Pertaining to masses, MOLECULE molecules of a substance within that substance. M. Weight, the weight of a molecule of any substance as compared with the weight of an atom of hydrogen. It is equal to the sum of the weights of its constituent atoms. Molecule (mol/-e-kāl) [molecula; dim. of moles, mass]. The smallest quantity into which the mass of any substance can be physically divided and retain its characteristic properties; or the smallest quantity that can exist in a free state. A molecule may be chemically separated into two or more atoms. The integrity and properties of a substance reside in its molecules. Ms., Crystal, bodies conceived as ex- isting in solutions of crystalline substances. The presence of such molecules is supposed to be the source of the rotatory power of the solutions. Ms., Organic. See Organic Molecules, Doctrine of Ms., Physical, the molecules to groups of which rotatory activity has been ascribed. Moleschott’s Potash-solution. A solution for his- tologic work, consisting of from 35 per cent. to 50 per cent. of potassic hydrate. M.'s Standard Diet, a diet for the healthy adult man per diem : Nitrogen 317 grains, carbon 4750 grains, hydrogen 202 grains, sulphur 24 grains, salts 46I grains. Moli (mo'-li) [African]. The tree, Dracana schizam- tha, of E. Africa. It produces one variety of dragon's blood, g. v. See, also, Pterocarpus. Molilalia (mol-il-a/-le-ah) [uð%ic, with toil; Wahá, speech]. Difficulty of utterance; stuttering; mogilalia. Molimen (mo-li/-men) [L., molimen, endeavor: pl., Mo/imina]. Any effort or attempt. M., Menstrual, the menstrual act or function. Molisch's Test. See Tests, Table of * Molitor (mol-iſ-ter). Synonym of Masseter. Moll's Glands. See Gland. Mollescence (mol-es/-ens) [mollescere, to soften]. Soft- enlng. Mollification (mol-iſ-ik-a/-shun). Aescence. Mollin (mol/-īn) [mollis, soft]. A soft soap of potash and cocoanut-oil, proposed as a basis for ointments; it contains an excess of fat. Also a mixture of lard and glycerin, saponified with potassium hydrate and sodium hydrate. Mollin is a kind of soft soap, used in skin-diseases and as a vehicle for various active medicaments. Unof. Mollinum (mo-li/-num) [mollis, soft: gen., Mollini J. See Mollin. M. hydrargyri, mollin mixed with mercury; it is about twice the mercurial strength of ordinary unguentum hydrazgyri. Mollipilose (mol-ip-i/-lós) [mollis, soft; pilus, a hair]. In biology, furnished with a soft downy coat. Mollisin (mo/-is-in) [mollis, soft]. An ointment com- posed of yellow wax and spindle-oil. Mollities (mo-lish/-e-ez) [mollis, soft]. Softness. M. ossium. See Osteomalacia. M. uteri, softening of the uterus. It is most common in the cervix during pregnancy, but sometimes affects the body of the womb, both in the pregnant and non-pregnant state. Mollugo (mol-te/-go) [L.]. A genus of herbs. M. spergula, M. verticillata, carpet-weed, Indian chickweed ; a stomachic, antiseptic and laxative. Unof. Mollusc or Mollusk(mo/-usé) [molluscum, a shell-fish]. Any member of the Mollusca, a class of soft-bodied in- vertebrates possessing an external and an internal shell. M.-bodies, glistening bodies, about the size of epithelial cells, found in the central and older parts of the growths in Molluscum contagiosum , they are con- sidered by Neisser, Pfeiffer, and others as parasitic (coccidia), a view opposed by Török, Tommasoli, Israel, and Virchow. Molluscous (moſ- us’- Kiſs) [molluscum, a shell-fish]. Synonym of Mol- 773 MOLYBDOCACHEXIA Pertaining to the Mollusca or second division of the animal kingdom. Also, pertaining to the disease A/o//uscume. Molluscum (mol-us/-kum) [L.]. A term applied to several diseases of the skin. M. Acne, M. adeno- sum. Synonym of M. contagiosum. M. athero- matosum, Molluscum contagiosum with cystic tumors. M. cholestericum. Same as Xanthoma, 7. v. M. contagiosum, Molluscum epitheliale, a skin-disease characterized by the formation of pinhead-sized to bean- sized and marble-sized, sessile or pedunculated, yel- lowish-white or pinkish tumors, rounded or acuminate, imbedded within or projecting from the skin, and having usually a dark-colored point at the apex, from which, on pressure, can be expressed a milky, curd- like, or inspissated cheesy mass. The lesions may be single or multiple, and occur usually in children or young adults upon the face, neck, and genitals. They may attain a very considerable size. The disease is probably due to a parasitic protozoön of the coccidium type. M. epitheliale. See M. contagiosum. M. fibrosum, a disease of the skin characterized by the formation therein of lax fibrous tissue, or of gelatin- ous tissue in process of becoming fibrous. It begins early in life, and the tumors tend to increase in num- ber and size indefinitely. They are often associated with deficient mental development. The tumors vary in size from a pin's head to an orange, and may be sessile or pedunculated. Their number may reach into the hundreds or thousands. M. giganteum, a variety of Al/ contagiostem in which the tumors attain considerable size. M. pendulum. Synonym of M. fibrosum. M. porcellanum. Synonym of Aſ. contagioszem. M. sebaceum. Synonym of M. con- tagiosum. M., Sessile. Synonym of M. contagiosum. M. simplex. Synonym of M. fibrosum. M. ver- rucosum. Synonym of M. contagiosum. Mollusk (moſ/-usé). See Mollusc. Molops (mo/-/ops) [uážop, weal: pl., Molopes]. A red spot on the skin, such as is seen in certain fevers. The mark of a stroke or stripe upon the skin. Molt, Moult (mol/) [ME., mouten, to molt]. or cast, as the skin, feathers, or hair. Molybdamaurosis (mol-ib-dam-aw-ro’-sis) [uážv360g, lead; duavpóelv, to darken]. Retro-bulbar neuritis due to lead-poisoning. Molybdamblyopia (mo/-iö-dam-b/e-o'-pe-ah) [uážvſłóog, lead; apſ3%ig, dulled; &mp, eye]. Impairment of vision due to lead-poisoning. Molybdencephalia (moſ-à-den-seſ-a/-/e-ah) [uážw860c, lead; £yképažog, brain]. Brain-disease due to lead- poisoning. Molybdencephalopathia (mol-ib-dem-seſ-al-o-faſh’-e- ah), Molybdencephalopathy (mo/-iö-dem-seſ-a/-op/- ath-e) [uážv6óoç, lead ; Śyképażoç, brain ; Táboc, dis- ease]. Brain-disease due to lead-poisoning. Molybdenterophthisis (mol- ib-d'em -ter-off’- this - is) [uóżv8óog, lead ; Śvtepov, intestine ; ºbiotç, wasting]. A wasting enteric disorder due to lead-poisoning. Molybdenum (mo/-iö-de/-num) [uoží9óalva, graphite; ſuóżv{3óog, lead]. A metal somewhat resembling chromium ; symbol, Mo ; atomic weight, 96. See A/ements, 7able of Molybdepilepsia (moſ-à-deſ-iſ-ep'-se-a/) [uð7 v360c, lead ; £72mbia, epilepsy]. Epilepsy induced by lead- poisoning. Molybdo- (moſ-iº/-do-) [uðAv660c, lead]. A prefix de- noting reference to or connection with lead. In chemistry, signifying composition with the element molybdenum. Molybdocachexia (moſ-à-do-Kak-ek’-se-ah) [uð2 rºoc, lead ; Kakóg, bad ; Śig, habit]. A depraved state of To shed MOLYBDOCARDIALGIA the body due to lead-poisoning; chronic lead-poison- ing ; plumbism. Molybdocardialgia [16%ußdog, lead; Kapóta, heart; &%)og, pain]. dialgia due to lead-poisoning. Molybdocolic (mol-ib-do-Kol/-ić) [uð%v/360g,lead; kóżov, colon]. Lead-colic; painters’ colic. Molybdodyspepsia (mo/-iö-do-dis-pep/-se-ah) [uážv6- dog, lead; duç-, ill; Tétretv, to digest]. Dyspepsia caused by lead-poisoning. Molybdonosus (mol-ib-dom/-o-sus) [uážv600g, lead; vögog, disease]. Synonym of Plumbism. Molybdoparesis (mol-ib-do-par’-es-is) [uðWv6óog, lead; Tápéotç, paresis]. Partial paralysis, due to lead- poisoning. Molybdosis (mo/-iö-do/-sis) [uážv660c, lead]. poisoning ; plumbism. Molybdospasmos (mol- ib - do - spaz/- mos) [uážv8606, lead ; GTáoplog, spasm]. Spasm or cramp produced by lead-poisoning. Molybdosynolde (mol-ib-do-sin-o/-/se) [uážv6óog, lead; ovvožkń, a drawing together]. Contraction due to lead-poisoning. Molybdotromos (mo/-iö-do/-ro-mos) [uðAv6óoç, lead; Tpóuoç, tremorj. Tremor due to lead-poisoning. Molyne (mol-i/-ne) [uožíneuv, to defile]. The anus. Molynsis (mol-in/-sis) [uožūvetv, to defile]. A taint or defilement; miasm. Momentum (mo-men'-tum) [momen, momentum, a motion]. Amount of force. Also, the quantity of potential energy possessed by a body in motion. It is estimated as the product of its weight, expressed in units of gravity, by its velocity, expressed in units of time. It is usually expressed by the formula m = w v, and may be estimated in foot-pounds or kilogram- meterS. Momiscus (mo-mis/-Aus) [uðutokoç]. A molar tooth; the part of a molar tooth that is near the gum. Momordica (mo-mor/-dik-ah) [mordere, momordi, to bite]. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants, mostly African and Asiatic. M. bucha, a species of cu- cumber native to Brazil. It is a powerful drastic pur- gative, useful in dropsy. M. balsamina. See Balsam- apple. Unof. Momordicin (mo-mor/-dis-in). Same as Elaterin. Mon- (mon-) ſuávoç, one]. A prefix denoting one or single. Monad (mon/-ad) [uováç, a unit]. I. Any single-celled microörganism, whether of animal or vegetable char- acter; especially any flagellate infusorium (a micro- scopic animal). 2. See Quantivalence. Monadelphia (mon-ad-e/-fe-a/.) [uðvoc, alone; ide%póg, brother]. One brotherhood; a name applied to certain hermaphrodite flowers. Monadelphous (mon-ad-el/-fus) [uávoc, alone; ide%6ç, brother]. In biology, in one brotherhood. Applied to stamens that are united by their filaments into one Set. Monadenoma (mon-ad-en-o’-mah) [uávog, one; ſióñv, gland ; 5p1a, tumor]. A uniglandular adenoma. Monadiform (mon-ad/-if-orm) [uováç, a unit, a monad; forma, shapel. In biology, resembling a monad. Monadigerous (mon-ad-ij/-er-us) [Auováç, a unit, a monad, gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing or composed of monads or monadiform cells. Monadina (mon-ad-i/-nah) [uováç, a unit]. The flagel- late infusorians, or monadiake, a family of animal microërganisms. Monadine (mon/-ad-in) [ſuováç, a unit]. or of the nature of a monad. Monadinic (mon-ad-in/-i}) [uováç, a unit]. Belonging to the Monaaſına. Car- Lead- Pertaining to 7 (mol - iſ - do - Aar-de- a/ -je- ch) jºy d 4 MONAXIAL Monadology (mon-ad-o/-o-je) [uováç, a unit; Aóyoc, science]. The doctrine of Leibnitz, Lötze, Zimmer. mann, and Herbart, according to which the elemen- tary particles of matter are vital forces acting from an internal principle. Monae (mon’-e) [L.]. Buttocks. Monamin (mon/-am-in) [uováç, a unit; amin]. One of a class of chemic compounds derived from ammonia by the replacement of the hydrogen by a monovalent alkyl. See Amin. Monammonic (mom-am-o/-nik) [uðvoc, single; am- weonium]. Containing one molecule of ammonium. Monandrous (mon-an/-drus) [uðvog, single; avàp (āvép), male]. In biology, having but one male; IIlOlla I’S6. In OUlS. Monanthemous (mon-an/- them-us) àv6epov, a flower]. flower; monanthous. Monantherous (mon-an/-ther us) [uðvog, single; āv6og, flower]. In biology, a term applied to a stamen bear- ing but one anther. Monanthous (mon-an/-/hus) [uðvoc, single; &v6og, flower]. In biology, producing but one flower. Monarda (mo-mar/-dah) [after N. Monardés, a Spanish physician of the sixteenth century]. A genus of N. American labiate plants. M. fistulosa L., wildberga- mot, M. didyma, bee-balm, and M. punctata, horse- mint; are diaphoretic, carminative, and stimulant. Unof. - Monardella (mon-ar-de/-a/) [after AV. Monardés, a Spanish physician of the sixteenth century]. A genus of some eleven species of fragrant labiate herbs, all Californian, and having the general properties of the mints, pennyroyal, and basil. Unof. Monardin (mo-mar/-din) [N. Monardés, a Spanish phy- sician of the sixteenth century], Clo H.O. A sub- stance much resembling thymol, but derived from the oil of horsemint, Monarda punctata. Monarsenous (mom-ar’-sen-us) [uðvoc, single; apomu, male]. In biology, having but one male; monan- drous. Monarthral ("non-ar/-thral) [uávoc, single; &pôpov, a joint]. A term applied to a muscle that passes over but one joint, e. g., the brachialis anticus. Its cor- relative is disarthraſ, applied to a muscle passing over two joints, e. g., the biceps. Monarthritis (mom-ar-thri/-fis) [uðvoc, single; ip6pov, a joint; trug, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting only a single joint. Monas (mon/-as) [uováç, unit]. A genus of minute, globose, plastic and free swimming animalcules in- habiting salt and fresh water, especially infusions. In this genus are included the simplest known forms of the typical flagellate infusoria. Early writers con. signed to the genus many doubtful or immature micro- organisms, some of which have since been found to belong to the Bacteria, or to be zoöspore stages of Algae, Palmellaceae, or other protophytic plants. Monaster (mon-as/-ter) [uóvog, single; dothp, star]. In embryology, the mother-star; the fourth, or equatorial stage of karyokinesis. That stage of indirect cell- division or mitosis at which a single star is formed by the arrangement of the chromatin-loops about the equator of the achromatin-spindle. Monatomic (mon-at-om/-ić) [uðvog, single; drouoc, atom]. Having the valence of hydrogen; saturating or Saturated by a single monad atom. See Quanti- valence. M. Alcohols, those formed by the substitu- tion in a hydrocarbon of one hydrogen group for one atom of hydrogen. Monaxial, Monaxonic (mon-a/s/-e-a/, mon-a/s-on/-i/) [uóvog, single; tışov, axis]. Having a single axis. [Auðvoc, single; In biology, bearing but a single MONECIOUS Monecious (mon-e/ #: [uávog, single; oikoç, house]. Having male and female organs united in one animal; of plants, having the male and female organs in separate flowers, but on the same plant, as in the cucurbitaceous plants. © Monecism (mon-e'-sizm) [uávog, single; oikoç, house]. Hermaphrodism. Monembryary (mon-em/-bre-a-re) [uðvog, single; pw- ov, an embryol. In biology, having a single embryo. Moner, Moneron (mo'-mer, mon/-er-on) [uðvoc, single]. In biology, a non-nucleated unicellular or- ganism of the simplest possible character. Monera (mon-e'-rah) [uovápmg, single]. An order or class of minute, marine rhizopods, including some of the lowest forms of animal life. Moneron (mom/-er-on). See Moner. - Monerula (mon-er/-u-lah) [uoväpng, single]. A non- nucleated stage of the impregnated ovum in which it has the form of a simple moner. - Monesia (mo-ne’-ze-a/) [origin uncertain]. A vege- table extract from monesia-bark, produced by Chryso- phyllum buranhem, a tree of Brazil. It occurs in irregularly-shaped dark-brown pieces, soluble in water, and with a sweetish, astringent taste. It has been used as a stomachic, alterative, and astringent. Dose gr. v-x. Unof. Monesin (mo-ne/-sin) [monesia]. A principle (said to be identical with saponin) obtained from monesia; it is astringent, and is said to be oxytocic. 'Money-counters’ Disease. A disease of the hands, head, and conjunctivae of persons handling bank- notes; it is supposed to be due to arsenic-poisoning. Mongolian Idiocy. See /diocy, AEthnic. Mongrel (mung/-gre!) [ME., mungrel, mongrel]. “An individual or a breed of animals resulting ſrom repeated crossing or mixture of several varieties; the progeny of varieties, or especially of artificial varie- ties, as distinguished from the hybrid or cross between two different species.” - Monilated (mon/-iſ-a-fed) [monile, a necklace]. In bi- ology, having a necklace-like arrangement; moniliform. Monilethrix (mo-ni/-eth-riks)[monile, a necklace; 6píš, hair]. An affection of the hair in which nodes can be seen strung regularly or irregularly along the hair- shaft, the internodular portions being relatively color- less, atrophied, and thinned. As distinguished from the nodes of trichorrhexis, a fracture occurs through the thinned and apparently non-pigmented portion of the shaft, the pigmented node representing what is thought to be nearly normal hair-tissue. Moniliform (mon-iº/-iform) [monile, necklace; forma, form]. Shaped like a necklace; beaded. Resem- bling a string of beads. Applied to the shapes of certain hairs, roots, tubers, and other structures. M. Bronchiectasis, bead-like dilatations of a bronchial tube, resembling a rosary, the tube between the dila- tations retaining its normal size. Monilithrix (mo-ni/-ith-riás). See Monilethrix. Moniodhydrin (mon-e-od-hi/-drin)[uóvoc, single; ióop, water], CAH;I(OH)2. A substitution-product of gly- cerin, occurring in the form of a yellow, syrupy liquid. Moniodomethane (mon-e-o-do-me/-ſhān)[uóvoc, single; methane], CHAI. Methylic iodid, a colorless, heavy, ethereal fluid, of the specific gravity of 2, 199 at O’C., and boiling at 43.8°C. (III°F.). Its vapor has been used as an anesthetic, but its decomposition is easy, the irritating effects of iodin being produced. Moniodophenol (mon-e-od-o-ſe/-mo/) [uávoc, single; łóómº, like a violet; phenol J, CH, IOH. An iodin- compound or substitution-product of phenol, existing in three isomeric forms. Monism (mon/-igm) [uávoc, single]. Any scheme of 775 MONOCEPHALUS philosophy, or system of thinking, that aims at de- ducing all the phenomena of force, matter, life, and action from one principle. In biology, the same as Monogenesis, 47. v. Monistic (mon-is/-tié) [uðvoç, single]. ing to, or of the nature of, monism. Monkey-hand (mun//-e-hand). The deformed hand of the early stage of progressive muscular atrophy. The hand presents an appearance of great length; the thumb approaches the index-finger, and is on a line with the other fingers. Monkshood (mumáz/-hood) [ME., monk, monk; M.E., hood, hood]. See Aconite. M. Prepuce, a redundant hooded prepuce upon the dorsal aspect of the penis. It is often associated with hypospadias. Mono- (mon/-o-) [uávoc, single]. A prefix signifying one or single. Monoathetosis (mon-o-ath-et-o/-sis) [uávoç, single; ãffetoc, without place]. Athetosis confined to one limb or one-half of the body. Monobasic (mon-o-ba/-sik) [uðvoc, single; basis, base]. Having one base; applied in chemistry to an acid that enters into combination with a univalent basic radicle to form a neutral salt, or a salt containing one equiva- lent of a base. Monoblastic (mon-o-blas/-fié) [uávog, single; 8%aaróg, germ]. In biology, applied to the single germ-layer stage of a metazoic embryo. Cf. Monoplacular. M. Theory of Disease, Nägeli's theory of the origin of miasmatic-contagious diseases, viz.: that they are due to microphytes, which before they can reproduce the disease must undergo a special stage of development in an abnormal earth substratum. Monoblepharis (mon-o-bleſ/-ar-is) [uévoc, single; 6%.e- ‘papíg, eyelash]. A fungus having only a single pos- terior flagellum. Monoblepsia, Monoblepsis (mon-o-blep/-se-ah, mon-o- blep/-sis) [Auðvog, single; 8%éºpuç, sight]. That condi- tion in which either eye has a better visual power than both together. Monobrachius (mon-o-bra/-ke-us) [uðvog, single; 8pa- 2:tov, arm]. A fetus or person with but one arm. Monobromacetanilid (mon - o-bróm-as-et-an/- iſ -id). Same as Antisepsin. Monobromated (mon - o - bro/- ma - ted) [uðvog, one; Boðuog, stench]. Containing one bromin atom ; having one component atom of hydrogen replaced by bromin. M. Camphor. See Camphor. Monocardian (mon-o-Kar/-de-an) [uávoc, single; Kapòia, heart]. Having a simple heart, single-chambered o not completely divided, as in vertebrates. - Monocarp (mon/-o-Karp) [Advoc, single; Kapitág, fruit]. In biology, a plant that bears fruit but once. Monocarpellary (mon-o-kar/-pe/-a-re) [uðvog, single ; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, composed of but one carpel. Monocarpous (mon-o-Kar/-pus) [uévog, single; Kapítóg, fruit]. In biology: (a) applied to plants that bear fruit once a year, as annuals ; (b) a flower in which but a single ovary, simple or compound, is produced. Monocelia (mon-o-se’-le-ah) [uovog, single; kothia, cavity]. Vertebrates whose encephalic cavity is single; the lancelets. Monocelic (mon-o-se/-/*) [uðvoc, single ; kothia, cav- ity]. Having a single hollow cavity. Monocentric (mon-o-sen’-frić) [uávog, single; Kérſpor, center]. Having but one center; unipolar. Monocephalous (mon-o-sef’-a/-us) [uðvog, singie ; Keſpaññ, head]. In biology, arranged in a single head or head-like cluster. Monocephalus (mon-o-sef’-al-us)[uóvoc, single; Kegažň, head]. A double monstrosity consisting of a single head with two bodies more or less completely fused. Of, or pertain- MONOCERCOUS Monocercous (mon-o-se,”-kus) [uðvog, single; képkoç, the tail of a beast]. In biology, uniflagellate. Monocerous (mon-osſ-er-us) [uovákepoc, one-horned]. In biology, having but one horn or horn-like process. Monochasium (mon - or AEa/- se - um) [uðvog, single; Adolç, separation, chasm: pl., Monochasia]. In biol- ogy, a cyme with one main axis. Monochlamydeus (mon-o-Alam-id" º [uóvog, single; *Aauig, a cloak]. In biology, applied to flowers having but one floral envelop or perianth whorl. Mono-chloral-antipyrin (mon/-o - Alo/- ral-an-tip-i/- rin). See Hypnal. Monochlormethane (mon-o-Alor-met/-än). of Methyl-chlorid. Monochlorphenol (mon-o-º/or-ſeſ-no/) [uávoc, single; 2%póg, green; phenyl], CsPI, ClOH. A deriva- tive of carbolic acid. It is a very volatile liquid, giving off vapors that are heavier than air. A mix- ture of monochlorphenol, alcohol, eugenol, and men- thol has been called chlorphenol, and has been used in pulmonary troubles as a bactericide. Monochorea (mon-o-ko-re/-ah) [uévog, single; yopeta, dance]. Chorea confined to a single member or to a part of the body. Monochroic, Monochroitic (mon-o-Aro/-ić, mon-o- Åro-iº/-ić) [uðvoç, single; xpóg, color]. Having only one color. Arterial blood is monochroic. Monochromatic º: -i}) [uðvoç, single; Apôpia, color]. aving but one color. Monochromous (mon-o/-ro-mus). Synonym of Mono- chromatic. Monochrous (mon-ok'-ro-us). Synonym of Monochroic. Monocle (mon/-o-k/) [uávog, single; oculus, eye). A single lens or eye-glass. Monoclinic (mon-o-A/in/-ić) [uávoc, single; Kätvm, bed]. Pertaining to flowers that have the male and female organs in a single perianth. Also, applied to crystals in which the vertical axis is inclined to one, but is at right angles to the other lateral axis. Monoclinous (mon-o-º/i/-nus) [uévoc, single; Kätvm, bed]. In biology, having both male and female organs in the same flower. Monococcus (mon-o-Koź/-us) [Alóvog, single ; kókkoç, grain]. A single coccus; one not united in chains or pairs. Monocotyledonous (mon -o- Áot-i/-e'-dom-us) [uðvoç, single; Korvåmóów, a cup-shaped hollow or cavity]. In biology, possessing but one cotyledon or seed- leaf. Monocranus (mon-o/-ran-us) [uávog, single; Kpavíov, cranium]. A fetal monster with a single cranium, the face in part double, three or four eyes, the brain in part double. Monocrotic (mon - o - Aro/-74) [uðvog, single ; kpótoc, pulse]. Having but a single beat (as the normal pulse) for each cardiac systole ; not dicrotic. Monocrotous (mon-o/-ro-ſus). See Monocrotics. Monocular (mon-o/-at-lar). Synonym of Uniocular. Monoculus (mon-o/-at-ſus) [uðvoç, single; oculus, eye). In surgery, a banglage for covering one eye. Monocyclic (won-o-sik/-/i/) [uovákvºog, having but one circle]. In biology, arranged in a single whorl. Monocyst (mon/-o-sist) [uðvoç, single ; Icío Tug, cyst]. A tumor made up of a single cyst. Monocystic (mon - o - sis/-täA) [Auðvoc, single ; Icíarac, cyst]. Composed of or containing but one cyst. Monodactylous (mon - o – da/-/i/- us) [uðvoç, single ; ôákrvžoç, finger]. Having only one finger or toe. Monodelph, Monodelphon (mon/-o-de//, mon-o-de/- ſon) [/16voc, alone; ã08%óg, brother]. In biology, a plant the stamens of which are united into a single group by their filaments. Synonym 776 MONOGRAPH Monodelphia (mon-o-de/-/e-ah) [uávoc, single; Öe%üç, womb). A class of mammals possessing a single uterus and a single vagina separated from the rectum. Monoderic (mon-o-der/-ić) [uðvoc, single; dépoc, skin]. Composed of a single layer. Monodermic (mon-o-der’-mik) [uðvoc, single; 6épua, skin]. Having an envelop composed of a single layer. Monodidymus (mon-o-did’’-im-us) [uðvoc, single; 6tów- plog, twinj. One of twins. Monodiplopia (mon-o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [uðvoc, single; Öttàóog, double; &lpig, sight]. Double vision with a single eye. Monodisc strobila. See Strobila. Monodont (mon/-o-dont) [uðvoc, single; 6000g, tooth]. Having but one tooth. - Monoëmbryony (mon-o-em/-bre-on-e) [uðvoc, single; §pſ?pwov, embryol. In biology, having but a single embryo, as certain seeds. - Monoflagellate (mon-o-ſa/-el-āt) [uðvoç, single; flag- ellum, a whip]. Monomastigate ; having only one whip-like appendage, as an infusorian. Monoformin (mon-o-form/-īn) [uávog, single, formica, an ant]. A substitution-compound of glycerin con- taining the radicle of formic acid. It is a colorless liquid, obtained by the action of oxalic acid and ether upon glycerin. Monogamous (mon-og/-am-us) [uðvoc, single; Yduoc, marriage]. Having but one wife or mate; living in pairs. In botany, applied to flowers that have the two kinds of sexual elements isolated from one another or not collected under a single capitulum. Monogamy (more-og/-am-e) [uávog, single; yáplog, mar- riage]. The marriage of two individuals of opposite Sexes. Monogastric (mon-o-gas/-trić) [uávog, single; yaotăp, stomach]. Having only one stomach or belly. Monogeneous (mon-o-je/-me-us) [uðvoc, single; yévoc, race]. Of one race or family. In botany, having but one surface of increase. Monogenesis (mon-o-jen’-es-is) [uávoc, single; yévêqug, origin]. In biology: (a) development of offspring re- Sembling the parent, as distinguished from metagene- sis; (b) development from a single hermaphroditic parent; (c) origin of all organisms from a single cell. Monogenetic (mon-o-jen-et/-ić) [uðvoc, single; yeweth, source, beginning, birth]. In biology, exhibiting direct development without alternation of generations, or heterogeny, as distinguished from digenetic. Monogenic (mon-o-jen/-i/) [uov6g, single; Yeuvâv, to produce]. In biology, producing but one sort of embryo, as distinguished from dip/jgenic. Monogenism (mon-oj/-en-izm) [uðvoç, single; yévoc, race]. The doctrine that the members of the human race are descended from one pair only. Monogenous (mon-oj/-en-us) [uðvog, single; yév/g, produce]. In biology, applied to organisms that re- semble their parents. Monoglenous (mon-o-g/e/-mus) [uávog, single; yºv), pupil]. Having, or seeing with, but one pupil. Monogoneutic (mon-o-gon-tº-fi/) [uðvoc, single; yovév- etv, to produce]. In biology, producing but a single brood during the year. Monogonoporous (mon-o-gon-off’-or-us) [ſuávoç, single; yóvog, offspring ; trópoc, passage]. Having only one genital outlet. Monogony (mon-og’-o-me) [uðvoc, single; yovía, pro- ...} In biology, generation among animals in which sex is not differentiated. Monograph (mon/-o-graf) [uévoc, single; ypáqen, to write]. A treatise or memoir concerning a single subject. MONOGYNECIAL Monogynecial (mon-o-jin-e'-se-al)[uóvoc, single; yuvá, female ; oikoç, house]. In biology, applied to fruits that are formed from the pistil of one flower. Monogyny (mon-o/-in-e) [uðvog, single; yuv}, female]. In biology, mating with but one female. Monohemerous (mon-o-hem/-er-us) [uðvoc, , single; huépa, a day]. Lasting but a day; ephemeral. r Monohydric (mon-o-hi/-drić) [uðvog, single; ióop, wa- ter]. Containing one atom of hydrogen. Specifically applied to such acids as have a single hydrogen atom replaceable by a basic atom or radicle; and also to alcohols that by oxidation exchange two atoms of hy- drogen for one of oxygen, and form acids containing the same number of carbon atoms as the alcohols from which they were derived. Monoicous (mon-o/-ik-us). Synonym of Monecious. Monoideism (non-o-i-de/-īzm) [uévog, single; idéa, ideal. The domination of a single idea, as in certain cases of hypnotism and insanity. Monolein (mon-o'-le-in) [uévoc, single; oleum, oil], Col HssO2. A compound of glycerin and oleic acid occurring in crystals. Monolocular (mon-o-lok/-u-lar) [uávoc, single; loculus a cell or cavity]. Having one cell. Unicellular. Syno- nym of Unilocular and Monocystic. Monomania (mon-o-ma/-ne-a/) [uðvoc, single ; uavia, madness]. A form of mania or madness in which a single delusion or form of delusion is especially dwelt upon. See Paranoia. Monomaniac (mon-o-ma/-ne-aſſ) [uévoc, single; plavia, madness]. A person who dwells especially upon one delusion or form of delusion. Monomastigate (mon-o-masſ-tig-āt). flagellate. Monomeniscous (mon-o-men-is/-kus) [uðvoç, single; pumpſokoç, a crescent, or concavo-convex]. In biology, applied to such invertebrate eyes as are provided with a single lens, e.g., the central eyes of scorpions and Limulus, as distinguished from polymeniscous. Monomerous (mon-om/-er-us) [uðvoc, single ; piépoc, part]. In biology, applied to flowers that are con- structed on the numerical plan of one ; or to single- jointed parts of certain animals. Monommatous (mon-on/-at-us) [uévoc, single; plua, eye]. One-eyed. - Monomoria (mon-o-mo/-re-ah) [uðvoç, single; plopia, folly]. Melancholy. Same as Mono- Monomorphic (mon-o-mor/ſi/) [uévog, single; uoppſ, form]. In biology: (a) applied to a collection of in- dividuals, exhibiting similarity or identity of form; (b) applied to species in which the same forms recur one after another with comparatively insignificant individ- ual characters; the opposite of pleomorphic. Monomorpho-cellular (mon -o- mor/-fo-se/-u - lar) [uóvog, single; uoppij, form; cellula, a little cell]. Having but one form of cell ; as a monomorpho- cellular myxoma. Monomorphous (mon-o-mor’-fus) [uðvoc, single; ſtoppij, form]. Having but a single form; not polymorphous. Monomphalia, Monomphalus (mon - one - fr’-le-a/, mon-on/-ſa/-us) [uávog, single; bupa?óg, navel]. A double monstrosity united by a common umbilicus. Monomyous (mon-o-mi’-us) [uévog, single ; pig, mus- cle]. Having only one muscle; applied to certain bivalves, the shells of which are closed by a single muscle. Mononeurus (mon-o-mu’-rus) [uðvoc, single; veipov, nerve]. Having only one nervous system, Mononoia, Mononcea (mon-o-noi/-ah, mon-o-me/-ah) [uóvoc, single; v60c, mind.]. Same as Monoideism. Mononuclear (mon-o-mu’-&le-ar). Synonym of Cºmi- nuclear. 777 MONOPLEGIA Mononychous (mon-o-mik/-us) [uávog, single; ovvč, hoof J. Having an uncleft hoof. Mononym (mon/-o-mim) [uávoc, single; buoua, name]. A name consisting of but a single word. Thus callo- sumt is a mononym for corpus ca/losum ; pia, for pia mater; myel, for spinal cord. Mononymic (mon-o-mim/-ić) [uávoc, single; Śvoua, name]. Having but one name. Monopagia (mon-o-pa/-je-ah) [uðvog, single; Tāylog, fixed]. Fixed local pain in the head; clavus hystericus. Monoparesis (mon-o-par’-es-is) [uávog, single ; Tápéqug, paresis]. Paralysis of a single part of the body, as one limb. Monopathophobia (mon -o-path -o-fo/-be-ah) [uávoc, single; tā60ſ, disease; 0630ſ, fear]. Monomaniacal pathophobia. Monopathy (mon-op/-ath-e) [uðvog, single; Tāffog, dis- ease]. Uncomplicated disease of a single organ. Monopegia (mon-o-pe/-je-ah). See Monopagia. Monopetalous (mon-o-pe/-a/-us) [uávog, single ; Téra- Žov, leaf J. See Gamopetalous and Sympetalous. Monophagia (mon-o-ſa/-je-ah) [uðvog, single; payeiv, to eat]. I. Desire for a single article of food. 2, The eating of a single daily meal. Monophasia (mon-o-fa/-ze-ah) [uðvog, single ; pával, to speak]. A centric disturbance of speech, a form of aphasia, in which speech is limited to a single syllable, word, or sentence. Monophobia (mon-o-fo/-be-ah) [uávoc, single; 6,630g, fear]. I. Morbid dread of being alone. 2. Fear in itself, or of everything, as a symptom in neuras- thenia; abnormal timidity. Monophosphatid (mon-o-fosſ-fat-id) [uðvoc, single; phosphorus]. Any phosphatid which contains only one phosphorus radicle. Several such compounds have been discovered in the brain-substance. Monophthalmia (mon-off-tha/-me-a/.) [uðvog, single; ôp6a7 uóg, eye). Synonym of Cyclopia. Monophthalmous (mon-off-ſha/-mos) [uávoc, single; öpffažuóg, eyel. Single-eyed; also, pertaining to a bandage for one eye. . Monophyletic (mon-osſi-le/-īk) ſuávog, single; gºv%, tribe]. In biology, derived from a single prototype. M. Hypothesis, the doctrine of Azcáe/, that the various organic lines of animals have descended from a common type. Monophyllous (mon-o-fi/-us) [uávog, single; biºzor, leaf J. In biology, having but one leaf; formed of a single leaf. Monophyodont (mon-off’-o-don/) [uávog, single; piety, to grow ; bootſ, tooth]. Having only one set of teeth, as is the case with the Cetacea. Monoplacid (mon-o-plas/-īd) [uðvog, single; Thakoic, a flat cake]. In biology, applied to an echinoderm hav- ing but a single madreporic plate, as distinguished from polyplacid. Monoplacula (mon-o-//a4'-me-/a/.) [uðvoc, single ; Tāāş, plate, tablet: pſ., Monopſacuſe]. In embryology, a single-layered germ ; a monoblastic discoid embryo. Monoplasmatic (mon-o-plag-mat/-ić). Synonym of Monoplastic. Monoplast (mon/-o - ?/asſ) [uðvoc, single; TAao Tóg, formed, molded]. In biology, any unicellular organ- ism, as a moner or a simple histologic cell. Monoplastic (mon-o-plas/-tić) [[topog, single; Tââoost", to mould]. A term applied to cells constituted of only one substance. Monoplastid (mon-o-plasſ-fid') [uðvog, single; Tržaaróg, molded]. An organism or structural element com- posed of only a single cell. Monoplegia (mon-o-º/e/-je-ah) [uévoc, single; Tr2));, stroke]. Paralysis of a single limb or of a single MONOPODA CEPHALUS muscle or group of muscles. M., Central, that due to a lesion of the brain. M., Peripheral, that due to a lesion of the nerves or of the ganglion-cells of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Monopodacephalus (mon-o-po-das-e/7-a/-us) [uávog, single; Toig, foot; a priv.; Kepañff, head]. An acephalic monstrosity with but a single foot. Monopodia (mon-o-po'-de-ah). See Monopus. Monopodial (mon-o-po'-de-al) [uévoc, single; Toig (Tod), foot]. In biology, applied to that form of ramification in which all of the branches originate as lateral appen- dages. Monopodium (mon - o -poſ-de- um) [uov6Tovg, one- footed: pl. , Monopodia]. In biology, an axis of growth that elongates at the apex at the same time that lateral branches are sent out beneath in acropetal succession. Monoprionidian (mon-o-pri-o-nid’-e-an) [uðvoç, single; Tptop, a saw]. In biology, exhibiting a uniserial arrangement of Serrations. Monops (mon/-ops). Synonym of Cyclops. Monopsia (mon-ops/-e-ah). See Monophthalmia. Monopsychosis (mon-o-si-ko/-sis) [uðvoc, single; boxm, mind ; pl. , Monopsychoses]. Any kind of monomania or delusional insanity of a fixed type. Monopus (mon/-o-pus) [Plávoc, single; Toig, foot]. I. A developmental defect consisting in absence of one foot or leg. 2. A one-footed monstrosity. Monopyrenous (mon - o -pî- re/- mus) [uðvoç, single; Tupív, the stone of a fruit]. In biology, having but one kernel or stone. Monorchid, Monorchis (mon - or/- Kid, mon - or/- kis) [uóvog, single; 3pxtg, testis]. A person who has but one testicle, or in whom one testicle only has de- scended into the scrotum. Monorganic (mon-or-gan/-ić) [uávog, single ; Śpyavov, instrument]. Pertaining to a single organ. Monorrhinous (mon-or-i/-nus) [puffvog, single; big, nose]. Having a single median nasal cavity. Monosaccharid (mon - o - sak/- ar- id). See Polysac- charid. Monoscelous (mon-os-e/-us) [uávog, single; oréWog, leg). One-legged. Monose (mon/-äs). See Carbohydrates, Table of Monosis (mon-o/-sis) [uðvøgtſ, separation, isolation]. In biology, the isolation of one organ from the rest. Monositia (mon-o-sit/-e-ah). Synonym of Monophagia. Monosoma, Monosomia (mon-o-so’-mah, mon-o-so/- me-ah) [Auðvog, single; odºua, body: A/., Momosomata]. A double monstrosity with a single body and two heads. Monosomus (mon-osſ-o-mus). See Monosoma. Monospasm (mon/-o-spazm) [uðvoç, single; otraoplóg, spasm]. I. Spasm affecting limited areas, as one side of the face, a single limb, or a single muscle or muscle- group. 2. An epileptiform seizure confined to one lateral half of the body. Monosperm (mon/-o-sperm) [uðvoç, single; otéppa, seed]. In biology, a one-seeded plant. Monospheric (mon-o-sfer/-ié) [uávog, single; opaipa, sphere]. Consisting of a single sphere. Monospondylic (more-o-spon-di/-ié) [plóvog, single; atóvãvžog, a joint of the backbone]. Having a single centrum, as a vertebra. Monospore (mon/-o-spor) [uðvog, single; otópoç, seed]. An unfertilized spore or ovum. Monosporogony (mon-o-spár-og/-o-me) [uávoç, single; otrópoc, seed; yíyveoffat, to be born J. Development from a single unfertilized spore; parthenogenesis. Monosporous (mon-o-spor’-us) [uávog, single; otópog, a seed]. In biology, producing but a single spore, as the hyphae or asci of certain Aungi. 778 MONS Monostachous (mon-os/-tak-us) [uávoc, single; otázvº, an ear of corn, a spike]. In biology, producing a single spike. Monostichous (mon-os/-tić-us) [uávog, single; oriyog, a line]. In biology, arranged in a single row, rank, series, or layer; the autonym of diplosticholas. Monostigmatous (mon-o-s/g/-mat-us) [uðvaç, single; oriyua, stigma}. In biology, having but a single Stigma. Monostomatous (mon-os-to/-mat-us) [uðvoç, single; oróua, mouth]. Having only one mouth ; applied to a class of Metazoa the gastrula of which possesses only one ingestive opening. Monostylous (mon-o-stº/-lus) [uðvoc, single; otiñoc, pillar]. In biology, having but a single style. Monosy (mon/-o-se) [uðvøgg, singleness; govövv, to make single]. In biology, the abnormal disunion or isolation of organs ordinarily united partially or com- pletely; if congenital it is called ademsy, if occurring in parts previously joined dialysis. - Monothalamous (mon-o-º/a/-am-us) [uðvog, single; 6á%aplog, chamber]. Consisting of only one chamber. Monothelious (mon-o-the-le-us) [uðvoc, single; 67%uc, female]. In biology, polyandrous; applied to species in which several males serve a single female. Monotic (mon-of/-ié) [uávog, single; obſ, ear]. taining to but one of the ears. Monotocous (mon - ot/-o-Aus) [uévog, single; Tôlºog, birth]. In biology, bearing fruit or producing young but once or but one at a time; uniparous. Monotonia (mon - o - to/- me - ah) [uðvoc, single; Tôvoc, tone]. Uniformity of voice; in vocalization, that kind of uniformity that results from paralysis of the laryn- geal tensors. Monotonic (mon-o-ton/-ić) [uovórowog, of a single form, simple]. In biology, applied to such groups or masses of materials or organisms as are homogenous; being characterized by a single species or a single genus, or even a single family or order; the opposite of Poly- mixic, g. v. Monotrema (mon-o-tre’-mah) [uðvoc, single; Toñua, hole: pl., Monotremata]. A single aperture. The Monotremata form a class of animals including the duckbill, in which the intestinal and the genito-urinary tracts open into a common cloaca. Monotridymus (mon-o-trid/-im-us) [uðvoc, single ; Tpíðvuoc, triple]. A monstrosity consisting of three bodies or having triplicate parts. - Monotrochal (mon-of/-ro-AEa/) [uévoc, single; Tporóg, wheel]. In embryology, applied to embryos having but a single ciliated band. Monotypal (mon-o-ti'-pal) [uávoc, single; titoc, type]; Having but a single type or form, as a monotypal disease or genus. Monotype (mon/-o-tip) [uávoc, single; TôToç, type]. In biology the sole typical representative of its kind. Monovalent (mon-ov/-a/-ent). Same as Univalent, Monoxid (mon-oks/-īd) [uðvoc, single; bºig, acidj. An oxid containing a single oxygen atom combined either with two univalent atoms or with one bivalent atom. Monozoic (mon-o-zo/-ić) [uávoc, single; ſóov, an ani- mal]. In biology, applied to certain unsegmented animals, as Amphilina, Caryophyllacus, and Archigetes among the Platodes. - Monro, Foramen of. See Foramina, Zable of, and Aorta. M., Sulcus of, a slight furrow dividing the mesal surface of the thalamus of the brain into a dor- sal and a ventral area. Also called Aulix. Mons (mon2) [L. : pl. , Montes]. I. A mountain. In anatomy, the Mons pubis or the Mons veneris. M. cerebelli. See Monticulus. M. pubis, the emi- Per- MONSEL's SOLUTION nence in front of the body and horizontal ramus of the os pubis; it is called also, in the female, M. veneris. M. veneris, the mons pubis of the female. Monsel’s Solution, M.'s Salt. See Ferrum. Monster (monº-ster). See Monstrosity. Monstricide (mon/-stris-id) [monstrum, monster; ca- dere, to kill]. The killing of a monster. {j Monstriferous (mon-strif'-er-us) [monstrum, monster; ferre, to bear]. Producing monsters. Monstrosity (mon-strosſ-it-e), [monstrum, a monster]. I. A teratism; a fetus or being with an abnormal de- velopment or superfluity or deficiency of parts or some vice of conformation. These may be compound or double, single or simple, according as the monster is composed of the malformations of one or more elemen- tary organisms. 2. Teratism; the abstract quality of being monstrous; congenital deformity. A table of monstrosities is appended. M., Emmenic, Racibor- ski's term for a female child that menstruates during infancy. M., Parasitic, a compound monstrosity in which a subsidiary part is nourished by the autosite, or principal organism. TABLE OF MONSTROSITIES.* ACCORDING TO GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, ALTERED BY HIRST AND PierSOL. HEMITERATA. I. ANOMALIES OF VOLUME. A. OF STATURE. I. General Diminution, as in a dwarf–delayed growth. 2. General Increase, as in a giant—precocious devel- opment. B. OF VolumE, strictly speaking. I. Local Diminution. Affecting— a. Regions, as a limb. b. Systems, as undeveloped muscles. c. Organs as small breasts, stenosis of canals, etC. 2. Local increase, affecting— a. Regions, as the head. b. Systems, as the adipose tissue. c. Organs, as large breasts in women, lactiferous breasts in men. II. ANOMALIES OF FORM, Single Order, including— deformed heads ; anomalies of shape in the stomach; deformed pelves, etc. III. ANOMALIES OF COLOR. A. Deficiency, complete, partial or imperfect albinism. B. Excess, complete, partial or imperfect melanism. C. Alteration, as in unusual color of the iris. IV. ANOMALIES OF STRUCTURE. A. Deficiency in Consistency, as cartilaginous condi- tions of bones. . - - B. Excess in Consistency, as anomalous ossification. V. ANOMALIES OF DISPOSITION. A. BY DISPLACEMENT. 1. Of the splanchnic organs, as anomalous direc- tion of heart or stomach, hernias, exstrophy of the bladder, etc. 2. Of the non-splanchnic organs, as club-foot, curvature of the spine, misplaced teeth, mis- placed blood-vessels, etc. B. BY CHANGE OF CONNECTION. . Anomalous articulations. . Anomalous implantations, as teeth out of line. Anomalous attachments, as of muscles and liga- mentS. - 4. Anomalous branches, as of arteries and nerves. 5. Anomalous openings, as of veins into the left auricle, of the ductus choledochus in an un- usual situation, of the vagina into the rectum, of the rectum into the male urethra, of the rectum at the umbilicus, cloaca. : *Reproduced with the kind consent of the Publishers, from * Human Monstrosities,” By Barton, Cooke Hirst, M. D., and George A. Piersol, M. D. Philadelphia: Lea, Brothers & Co., 1892. 779 MONSTROSITIES C. In CoNTINUITy. I. Anomalous imperforations, as of rectum, vulva, vagina, mouth, esophagus. 2. Anomalous union of organs, as of kidneys, testi- cles, digits, teeth, ribs; adhesion of the tongue to the palate. D. BY CLOSURE, as in complete transverse septum in the vagina. . E. By DIs JUNCTION. I. Anomalous perforations, as persistence of fora- men ovale, ductus arteriosus, urachus. 2. Anomalous divisions, as splits, fissures in various organs, hare-lip, hypospadias, fissured tongue, cleft palate, fissured cheek. VI. ANOMALIES OF NUMBER AND EXISTENCE. I. By numerical defect, as absence of muscles, vertebrae, ribs, digits, teeth, a lung, a kidney, the womb, the bladder, etc. 2. By numerical excess, as supernumerary digits, ribs, teeth, breasts, a double uterus. HETEROTAXIS. I. SPLANCHNIC INVERSION. II. GENERAL INVERSION. HERMAPHRODITES.* I. TRUE HERMAPHRODITEs. a. Bilateral hermaphrodites. b. Unilateral hermaphrodites. c. Lateral hermaphrodites. II. PSEUDO-HERMAPHRODITEs, with double sexual for- mation of the external genitals, but with unisexual development of the reproductive glands (ovaries and testicles). a. Male Pseudo-hermaphrodites (with testicles). I. Internal pseudo-hermaphrodites. Development of uterus masculinus. 2. External pseudo-hermaphrodites. External geni- tals approach the female type ; the monstrosity presents a feminine appearance and build. 3. Complete pseudo-hermaphrodites (internal and external). Uterus masculinus with tubes; sep- arate efferent canals for bladder and uterus. b. Female pseudo-hermaphrodiles (with ovaries). Per- sistence of male sexual parts. I. Internal hermaphrodites. Formation of vas def- erens and tubes. 2. External hermaphrodites. Approach of the ex- ternal genitals to the male type. 3. Complete hermaphrodites (internal and external.) Masculine formation of the external genitals and of a part of the sexual tract. MONSTERS. CLASS I.-SINGLE MONSTERS. ORDER. I.-AUTOSITIC MONSTERS. Species I, Ectrome- Phocomelus *s . . . . . . . Hemimelus Micromelus Genus I, Ectromelus Symelus Species 2, . . . . . Uromelus Sirenomelus Aspalasoma: Single species, Cel- ëi.” Genus II OSO???0, . . . . . . yuosoma y Schistosoma Pleurosoma Celosoma ſ Notencephalus Species I. Ex-en- | Proencephalus cephalus, . . . . Podencephalus y Hyperencephalus Iniencephalus Fºxencephalus Genus III, 3 - Species 2. Pseuden- ( Nosencephalus cephalus, - Thlipsencephalus Pseudencephalus sºft.* Anence. Derencephalus * y Anencephalus * Klebs' classification of hermaphrodites as given by Ahlfeld, is substituted for that of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. MONSTRUM 7 * Ethmocephalus Species I. Cycloceph- Cebocephalus alus, . . . . . . Rhinocephalus Cyclocephalus Stomocephalus Genus IV, Sphenocephalus Species 2. Octoceph- || Octocephalus altes, . . . . . . . Edocephalus Opococephalus l Triocephalus ORDER II.-OMPHALOSITIC MONSTERS. Species I. Paraceph- ( Paracephalus alus, . . . . . . . Omacephalus Hemiacephalus Genus I, - Species 2. Aceph- ( Acephalus alus, . . . . . . . Peracephalus Mylacephalus Species 3. Asomata. Genus II, Single species, Anidents. CLASS II.—COMPOSITE MONSTERS. ORDER I.--Double AUTositic MONSTERS.* A. Terata katadidyma. Genus I, Diprosopus Genus II, Dicephalus Genus III, Ischiopagus Genus IV, Pygopagus B. Terata anadialyma. Genus I, Dipygus Genus II, Syncephalus Genus III, Craniopagus C. Terata anakatadidyma. Genus I, Prosopothoracopagus Genus II, Omphalopagus Genus III, Rhaciphagus ORDER II.-DOUBLE PARASITIC MONSTERS. [ Heteropagus Heterodelphus Genus I, Species I. Hetero- { Heterodymus typits, . . . . . . Heterotypus - Heteromorphus Species 2. Heteralius, Epicomus - Epignathus Species I. Polygºna- #ºus thus, * * * * * * * Paragnathus Augnathus Genus II, Pygomelus Gastromelus Species 2. Polymelus, 3 Notomelus Cephalomelus Melomelus - Dermocyma Genus III, { Endocyma, . . . . . Endocyma ORDER III.-TRIPLE MONSTERS. Monstrum (mom/-strum). See Monstrosity. Monteggia's Dislocation (mon-teſ’-e-ah). A form of dislocation of the hip-joint in which the head of the femur is near the anterior superior iliac spine, and the limb is rotated outward. Monteverde's Sign or Test. Montgolfier's Formula. A formula for estimating the velocity of air. It is as follows: “The velocity in feet per second is equal to eight times the square root of the height through which the body has fallen.” This is expressed by the formula. - I + .oO2 G) == The velocity in feet per second. g = The acceleration due to gravity, 32.18 feet per second. * = Height of shaft. f = Internal temperature. See Death, Signs of v= r^2, (, – 2." /* == External temperature. .oo2 = Co-efficient of expansion for 19 F. * The third order of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, single parasitic monsters, under which name he describes dermoid cysts, is omitted. Forster's classification is substituted, with slight modification, for that of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. 80 MORBIGENOUS Montgomery's Cups. The dilated canals of the uter- ine tubular glands. They appear as minute projec- tions on the external surface of aborted ova. M.'s Glands. Accessory rudimentary milk-glands. (Rein.) See also Gland. M.'s Tubercles. Same as M.'s Glands. - Monthier's Blue. Same as Prussian Blue. Monthlies (munth/-lez). See Menses. Monthling (munth/-ling) [ME., month, month]. An infant one month old. - Monthly (munth/-le) [ME., monethly, monthly]. Oc- curring once a month; lasting for a month. M. Courses. See Menses. M. Nurse, a nurse who attends after childbirth. Monti's Copper Method. A method of staining nerve- cells. See Stains, Table of. Monticulus (mon-tik/-u-lus) [L.]. I. A little eleva- tion. 2. Same as AM. cerebelli. M. cerebelli, the small convex projection on the upper part of the median line of the cerebellum; the central portion of the superior vermiform process. Montpellier Yellow. Sarne as Cassel Yellozy. Mooltan Sore. Same as Furunculus orientalis. Moon [ME., moone, moon]. The satellite of the earth. M.-blindness, amblyopia caused by exposure of the eyes to the moon’s light during sleep. See also Menotyphlosis. M.-blink, a temporary evening blindness of the tropics, supposed to be due to sleep- ing in the moonlight. M.-eye; I. An eye supposed to be affected by the moon. 2. A disease of the eye in horses. M.-eyed, dim-eyed; affected with moon- eye. M.-face, a full, round face. M.-flaw, an attack of lunacy. M.-madness, lunacy. M.-seed. See Menispermum. M.-sick, crazy. M.-stricken, M.-struck. See Zumatic. M.-stroke, a neurosis supposed to result from exposure to the rays of the II] OOIl. Moonling lunatic. - Moore's Figure of Eight. A figure-of-eight bandage made of a folded shawl or strip of muslin, and used as a dressing for fracture of the clavicle. M.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of M.'s Reagent and Test. See Tests, Table of Moos-pappe (möz-pop-a/) [Ger.] An absorbent mate- rial consisting of a variety of moss, and prepared for use as a Surgical dressing. Moosewood. See Dirca palustris. Moral Insanity. See Insanity. Morand’s Disease. Paresis of the extremities. See Diseases, Table of M.'s Foot, a foot with eight toes. See Diseases, Table of - Morbi (mor/-bi) [L., plural and genitive of Moróws]. Of a disease. Agens morbi, the cause or agent of disease. Ens morbi, the being or essential quality of disease. Materies morbi, the substance produc- ing a disease. Morbid (mor/-bid.) [morbidus, morbus, disease]. Per- taining to disease. M. Anatomy, the anatomy of organs or tissues in a state of disease. Morbidity (mor-bid/- it e) [morbus, disease]. The quality of disease or of being diseased. Also the conditions inducing disease. Also the statistics of the diseases in a community at a given period ; the sick- rate. M. and Mortality, a term expressive of the statistical relations of disease and the death-rate. Morbiferous (mor-bif/-er-us) [morózſs, disease; ferre, to bear]. Conveying or spreading disease. Morbific (mor-bif/-ié) [morbus, disease; facere, to make]. Causing or inducing disease. Morbigenous (mor-bij/-en-us) [morbus, disease; yewvāv, to produce]. Producing disease. (moon' -ling) [ME., moone, moon]. A MORBILITY Morbility (mor-biſ/-īt-e). Same as Morbidity. Morbilli (mor-bi/-i) [dim. of Morbus, disease]. See A’ubeola, AZeasles. . Morbilliform (mor-bil/- if-orm) [morbilli, measles; forma, form]. Resembling measles. Morbillous (mor-bi/-us) [morbilli, measles]. Pertain- ing to measles. Morbose (mor/-bóz) [morbosus, morbus, disease]. Diseased. Morbosity (mor - bos’- it - e) [morbosus, diseased]. A condition of disease. - Morbus (mor/-bus) [L.]. A disease or illness. M. ad- disonii. See Addison's Disease. M. aetatis, disease peculiar to a certain age. M. anglicus. Synonym of AEachitis. M. ampullaceus. Synonym of Pem- phigus. M. animatus, a parasitic disease. M. aphrodisiacus, M. aphrodisia. Synonym of Syphilis. M. apoplectiformis. Synonym of Ménière’s Disease. M. arietis. Synonym of Inſu- enza. M. articularis. Synonym of Gout. M. atto- nitus. Synonym of Catalepsy and also of Apoplexy. M. basedowii. See AExophthalmic brightii. See Bright’s Disease. M. bullosus. Synonym of Pemphigus. M. caducus. See Epilepsy. M. carinus. Synonym of Insolation. M. Celsi. Synonym of Catalepsy. M. cerebralis whytii. Sy- nonym of acute internal hydrocephalus. M. ceruleus. See Cyanosis, Congenital. M. comitialis. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. costalis. Synonym of Pleurisy. M. coxarius. See Coxalgia. M. cucullus. Syno- nym of Whooping-cough. . M. deificus. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. divinus, M. divus. Synonym of A pilepsy. M. dominorum. Synonym of Gout. M. elephas. See Elephantiasis arabum. M. erronum, a deep bronze coloration of the skin resulting from prolonged exposure to the sun’s rays or to vicissitudes of climate. M. fellifluus. Synonym of Cholera. M. foedus. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. gallicus. Synonym of Syphilis. M. gesticulatorius. Syno- nym of Chorea. M. glandulosus. Synonym of Glanders. M. heracleus, M. heraculeus. Synonym of Elephantiasis and of Epilepsy. M. hispanicus. Synonym of Syphilis. M. incurvus. Synonym of A3%osis. M. indicus. Synonym of Syphilis. M. infantilis. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. insputatus. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. interlunis. Synonym of Apilepsy. M. ischiadicus. Synonym of Sciatica. M. italicus. Synonym of Syphilis. Synonym of Jaundice. M. maculosus dieckerhoffii. A hemorrhagic purpura of horses. M. maculosus werlhofii. See Wer/hof's Disease and Purpura harm- orrhagica. M. magnus. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. medicorum, the mania of those who seek the ad- vice of physicians for imaginary diseases. Over-much doctoring. M. mucosus, mucous disease; intestinal catarrh.. M. nauticus. Synonym of Sea-sickness. M. neapolitanus. Synonym of Syphilis. M. ory- zeus. Synonym of Asiatic Cholera. M. pallidus, M. parthenius. Synonym of Chlorosis. M. pau- perum. Synonym of Relapsing fever. M. Paxtonii, a parasitic disease of the hair of the axilla. M. pilaris. Synonym of 77-ichiasis, M. pleuriticus. Synonym of Pleurisy. M. plumbeus. Synonym of Plumbism. M. psoadicus. Synonym of Psoas Abscess. M. regius. Synonym of /azewedice. M. ruralis. Synonym of Ærgotism. M. sacer. Syno- nym of Epilepsy. M. saltatorius. Synonym of Chorea. M. Sancti Lazari. Synonym of Zeprosy. M. Sancti Valentini. Synonym of Epilepsy, M. Scrophulo- sus. Synonym of Scrofula. M. senilis, the phys- iologic retrogression frequently seen in old age. M. sideratus. Synonym of Epilepsy. M. sonticus. 781 Gotter. M. M. luteolus. MORNING Synonym of Epilepsy. M. suffocans. Synonym of ZXiphtheria. M. suffocatorius. Synonym of Diph- theria. M. tyrius. Synonym of Elephantiasis and Aleprosy. M. virginens, M. virginum. Synonym of Chlorosis. M. werlhofii. See Wer/hof's Disease. Mordacious (mor-da/-se-us) [mordax, biting]. Biting, pungent. - Mordant (mor/-dant) [mordere, to bite]. A substance that fixes the dyes used in coloring textures, or in staining tissues and bacteria. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. Mordicancy (mor/-dik-an-se) [mordicare, to bite]. Pungency; biting quality, as of a drug. Mordicant (mor/-dik-ant). Synonym of Mordacious. Mordication (mor-dić-a/-shun) [mordicare, to bite]. à burning and stinging inflammatory condition of the SR 111. Morel's Ear. See AEar, Deformities of, and Diseases, Table of M.'s Tourniquet, the first tourniquet known, introduced by Morel in 1674. Morgagni (morgan/-e). A noted Italian anatomist of the eighteenth century. M.'s Caruncle. The middle lobe of the prostate gland. M., Cataract of. See Caſa- ract. M., Columns of. See Column. M., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of M.'s Fossa. See Possa navicularis. M.'s Frenum, the projection formed by the union of the ileo-colic and ileo-cecal valves. M., Glands of. See Gland. M.'s Humor, same as M.’s Ziguor. M., Hydatid of. See Aydatid. M.'s Lacuna, one of the depressions of the urethral mucosa into which the urethral glands open. Also, the Fossa nazicularis. M.'s Liquor, the fluid found within the capsule of the crystalline lens after death. M., Sinus of. See Sinzes. M., Ventricle of. See Vezzzzzzc/e. Morgan's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Morgue (morg) [Fr.]. A dead-house, a mortuary. A place where unknown dead are exposed for identifica- tion. Mori, Succus; Mori, Syrupus. See Morus. Moria (moſ-re-ah) [uopia, folly]. A form of dementia characterized by talkativeness and childish silliness. Moribund (mor/-iö-und) [moribundus, moriri, to die]. Dying. Ripe for dissolution. Moric Acid (mo/-rić) [morus, a mulberry tree]. crystalline acid obtained from A/orus alba. 2. . Z/. Moriform (moſ-riform) [morus, a mulberry; forma, form]. Shaped like a mulberry. M. Glands. See G/azza'. Morin (mo'-rin) [morus, a mulberry tree], CisłHsOs -i- 2H,O. A coloring-matter found in yellow-wood (A/orus Zincſoria). It decomposes into phloroglucin and resorcin. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Morin's Base. See G/ucosin. Morindin (wo-rin/-din) [mories, the mulberry; Judicias, Indian],CºsłHsoCls. A crystalline substance found in Morinda citrifolia. On decomposition it is said to yield alizarin. Morindon (mor-in/-don) [morus, a mulberry ; Indicus, Indian], CosłIloClo. A beautiful red substance ob- tained from AZorzaza'izz. Moringa (mo-ring/-gah) [native Malabar]. A genus of dicotyledonous polypetalous trees, M. pterygo- sperma, M. zeylanica, horse-radish tree, found in the West Indies and the East. The oil of the seeds, the root, and the gum, all have been used in a great variety of diseases, both local and general. Unof. Morioplasty (mor’-e-o-plas-fe) [uéptop, part; Tââogen, to mold]. Autoplasty; plastic surgery. Morning (morn/-ing) [ME., morninge, morning]. The first part of the day. M. Sickness. The nausea I. A Morin, MOROCCO LEATHER 78 of pregnant women, occurring chiefly in the early months of gestation ; also, the imitative or sympa- thetic nausea sometimes experienced by the husband during the wife's early pregnancy ; eonosus. M.- tire. A peculiar condition seen in melancholia and neurasthenia, in which the patient awakes in the morn- ing from a sound sleep unrefreshed and, in fact, more fatigued than on retiring. Morocco Leather. See Zeather. Morocomium (mo-ro-Ao’-me-um) [uopóg, mad; koueiv, to care for]. An insane asylum. Morodochium (mo-ro-do/-ke-um) [uopóg, silly; 6éreo- that, to receive]. An asylum for the insane. Morose (mor-02') [morosus, fretful]. Of a sour temper; sullen. Morosis (mo-ro/-sis) [uðpoolç, foolishness]. Insanity. Morotrophium (mo-ro-tro/-ſe-um). Synonym of Moro- CO/222/7/2. Moroxilic Acid (mor-oks-i/-ä) öğüç, acid}. Same as Moric Acid. Morph (molf) [uoppij, a blotch]. One of the dark spots that occur on the foreheads of blond women suffering from uterine trouble, or who are pregnant. Morphea, Morphoea (mor-ſe/-ah) [uoppſ, a blotch]. Circumscribed ScAeroderma, Addison’s Aeloid, the commonest form of scleroderma, occurring usually in young female adults. Its commonest seats are about the breasts and the face and neck, and often it follows the course of the nerve-distribution. It occurs in the form of patches, rounded, ovoid, or irregular in outline; Small or large, soft or firm, smooth or shining, pale- yellowish or brownish in color. The lesions are, as a rule, asymmetric. The course of the disease is chronic. The disease may also manifest itself in the form of atrophic, pit-like depressions in the skin, and as lines, streaks, and telangiectases. M. lardacea, a form of Morphea. M. maculosa, a form of morphea characterized by the presence of macules. M. nigra, a pigmented form of Morphea. M. tuberosa, a variety of morphea in which modules are formed. Morpheomania (morſe-o-ma/-ne-ah). Same as Mor- A/liomania. Morphetin (mor/ºſeſ-in) [Morpheus, god of sleep). An amorphous, bitter substance resulting when morphin sulphate is boiled with lead peroxid and dilute sul- phuric acid. Morphew (mor/-fu). See Morphea. Morphia (mor/-fe-a/). See Morphina. Morphic (mor/ºftA) [uoppi, form]. In biology, per- taining to form. Morphina, Morphin (morºſ./-mah, mor/-fin) [Mor- A/eus, god of sleep; gen., Morphinae], Cin Hian Os. The name of the principal alkaloid of opium, to which the properties of that drug are chiefly due. It is an anodyne, hypnotic, and narcotic. A gr. corres- ponds in activity with one grain of opium of average strength. M. acetas, soluble in water. Dose gr. *—j. M. acetat., Liq. (B. P.) Dose m xx-xl. M. bromid., M. hydrobromat., Cr, Hion OAHBr. A good sedative narcotic. Dose gr. To-j4. M. et chloroformi, Tinct. (B. P.). Dose my—x. M. hydrochloras, occurs in silky crystals, soluble in water. Dose gr. ºn-j. M. hydrochlorat., Liq. (B. P.) Dose mix–xl. Injectio morphinae hypo- dermica (B. P.), contains one grain of the acetate of morphin in each ten minims of water. M. et ipeca- cuanhae, Troch., each contains gr. ſº of morphin. M. Oleatum, contains morphin Io, oleic acid, 90 parts; for local use. Unof. M., Pulv., Comp., Tully's powder, contains morphin sulphate I, camphor, licorice, and calcium carbonate, aā, 20 parts, Dose gr. v-xv. M. sulph., Liq., Magendie's solution ; [morus, mulberry; 2 MORPHONOSUS contains morphin sulph. gr. xvi to each fl. 3. Dose mux–xv. Unof. M. sulphas, acicular crystals, soluble in hot water. Dose gr. 9%–9%. M., Suppos. (B. P.), each contains gr. ss morphin. M., Suppos., cum sapone (B. P.), each contains gr. ss of morphin. M. tartras, C, HsO3(C17H19NOA), used hypoder- matically. Dose, gr. To-W4. M., Trochis. (B. P.) and M. et ipecac., Trochis. (B. P.), each containing gr. ºs of morphin. Dose I to 4. Morphinia (morºſin/-e-ah) [Morpheus, god of sleepj. Any disease due to the excessive use of morphin. Morphinism (mor/ſin-izm) [Morpheus, god of sleep). The diseased condition caused by the excessive and habitual use of morphin, Morphinization (mor.fin-iz-a/-shun) [Mom?heus, god of sleepj. The production of the physiologic effects of morphin. Morphinomania (mor.fin-o-ma/-ne-ah) [Morpheus, god of sleep; uavía, madness]. A morbid craving for morphin as a stimulant. - Morphinophagia, Morphiophagy (morºſin-o-ſa/ye- ah, mor-ſi-off’-aj-e) [Morpheus, god of sleep; payeiv, to eat]. Opium-eating. Morphiomania (morſe-o-ma/-ne-ah). Synonym of Morphinomania. Morphiopathy (morſe-op/-ath-e). Synonym of Mor- phinomania. Morpho-biologic (mor-fo-bi-o-lo/-i}) [uopºff, form; 3íog, life; Aóyog, science]. Pertaining to the form and biology of an organism. Morphoea (mor-ſe/-ah). See Morphea. Morphogenesis (mor-fo-jen/-es-is) [uopºff, form; Yév- equg, origin]. See Morphogeny. Morphogeny (mor-foj/- en - e.) [uopff, form; Yéveta, generation]. In biology, the genesis of form; the history of the evolution of form. Morphography (mor-fog/-ra-ſe) [uopºff, form ; Ypájetv, to write]. In biology, systematic investigation of the structure of organisms in the most comprehensive way. Morpholecithal (mor fo-les/-īth-al) [uopºff, form; Aért- ffog, yolk of an egg]. I. Germinal; formative. 2. Pertaining to the morpholecithus. Morpholecithus (mor-fo - les/-ith - us) [uopph, form; Aékiffog, yolk of an egg]. The formative yolk of an egg; the portion of an egg that undergoes segmenta- tion and germination. Morpholin (mor/-fo-lin) [Morpheus, god of sleep), C, H, NO. A compound formed by heating dioxyethyl- amin to 160° C. with HCl. - Morphologic (mor-ſo- loſ/-īk) [uopºff, form ; , A6)oc, science]. Pertaining to the form of organisms or twin parts. Morphology (mor-fo/-o -je) [uopj%, form; Aéyetv, to speak]. The department of biology that deals with form and structure. Morpholysis (mor-fo/- is - is) [uopºff, form; Affortſ, a loosing]. Destruction of form. Morphomania (morſo-ma/-me-ah). See Morphinoma- %22(2. Morphometry (mor-ſom/-et-re) [uopºff, form; plétpov, measure]. The measuring or determining of the forms of organisms. Morphon (mor/ſon) [uopºff, form]. In biology, a definite morphologic individual element or organism; one of the following categories: plastid, idorgan (= organ, antimere, metamere), persona, corm, g. v. Morphonomy (mor-ſon/-o-me) [uopºff, form ; voluía ; véuetv, to distribute]. That department of biologic science devoted to the investigation of the principles of organic morphology. Morphonosus (mor-ſon/-o -sus) [uoppi, form ; v000ſ, MORPHOPHYLY disease]. An anomalous change in the form of organs or parts. : Morphophyly (morºſof'-il-e) [uopºff, form; ºv/ºff, a tribe]. The department of phylogeny that deals with form alone. Morphoplasm (morf’-o-plazm) [Hopph, form; Tāāopia, anything formed or molded]. In biology, Weismann's substitute for the word “protoplasm,” to distinguish the vital substance of the cell from that of the nucleus; “formative plasm ‘’, ‘‘trophoplasm '' (Nãgeli) as distinguished from the “hereditary plasm ‘’ or “idio- plasm.” Morphosis (mor-fo/-sis) [uoppéety, to form]. Any morbid formation or organic change. In biology, morphogenesis; the assumption of characteristic or- ganic form. Morphostoechiometry (mor-ſo-stek-e-om/-et-re) [uoppſ, form; otolyelov, element; plátpov, measure]. A class- ification of substances, as plants, crystals, etc., based on their external form. . Morphotic (mor.fot/-ić) [uoppſ, form]. Pertaining to, or due to, morphosis; characterized by morphosis; pertaining to anatomic or organic elements. M. Proteids, those that become parts of the living cell or that actually enter into the structure of the tissues. Morphotomy (mor.fotº-o-me). Synonym of Anatomy. Morpion (mor/-pe-on) [Fr.]. The crab-louse. Morren's Glands, Morrenian Glands. Three pairs of glandular lateral sacs that enter the posterior portion of the esophagus of the Lumbricidae and related terrestrial Oligochaetae, they are also called the lime- secreting glands. See Glazed, Morremian. Morrhua (mor/-u-ah) [morua, a cod; gen. Morrhuſe]. The principal genus of gadoid fishes, including the cod. M., Oleum, cod-liver oil. The fixed oil from the livers of the cod-fish, Gadus morrhua, and other species of Gadus. The best and only official oil is pale-yellow in color, and is usually obtained from drippings. It is an easily assimilated, nutritive food, indicated in tubercu- losis, rickets, nervous debility, and strumous skin-dis- eases. Black coffee and oil of eucalyptus are the best vehicles for its administration. Dose 3.j-ijon a full stomach, or 3 j—ijby inunction. Glyconin Emulsion, contains ol. morrhuae 3 iv, glyceritum vitelli (glyconin) 3. ix, spt. ammoniae arom. 3.j, sherry wine 3 iſ, acid. phosphoric dil. 3 iv, essent. amygdal. amar. 3.j to Oss of alcohol. Dose 3 ij. Morrhuic Acid (mor/-u-ić) [morua, a cod], C, His NOs. One of the alkaloids of cod-liver oil. See Morrhuo- /ins. Morrhuin (mor/-u-ān) [morua, cod], Cig Ho, Ns. One of the alkaloids of cod-liver oil. See Morrhuo/ins. Morrhuol (mor/-u-o/) [morua, cod; oleum, oil]. An alcoholic extractive derivable from cod-liver oil, of complex, and probably of indefinite chemic structure. It has been proposed as a remedial agent in the place of the oil itself. Dose gr. iij–v, in capsules. Morrhuolins (mor/-tt-o-linz) [morua, cod; oleum, oil]. A general name for the alkaloids of cod-liver oil. These are amylamin, C. His N ; dihydrolutidin, C.H11N ; oxycollidin, CsPIn NO; morhuin, CAPI, N, ; nicomorrhuin, C20H2s N, ; asellin, C25Has N, ; and morrhuic acid, C, His NOA. The most active of these are amylamin, oxycollidin, morrhuin, and nicomorrhu- 1I]. Morrison's Pill. A cathartic pill containing aloes, jalap, extract of colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb, and myrrh. Mors (morz) [L.]. Death, M. nigris. See Plague. Morsal (mor/-sel) [morsus ; mordere, to bite]. Relating to the cutting or grinding portion of a tooth. Morsulus (mor/-su - lus) [dim. of morsus, bite]. A lozenge or tablet. 783 MOSCHATIN Morsus (mor/-sus) [L.]. A bite. M. diaboli, the fimbriated distal extremity of an oviduct, also called the pavilion of the tube. M. stomachi, M. ventriculi. Synonyms of Cardialºgia. Mortal (mor/-/a/) [mortalis, from mors, death]. Liable to death or dissolution ; terminating in death; deadly; fatal. Mortality (mor-ta/-it-e) [mortalitas, mortalis, from mors, death]. The quality of being mortal. Also, the Death-rate. M.–table. See Zife-table. Mortar (mor’-tar) [mortarium, an urn]. An urn- shaped vessel for containing substances for pulveriza- tion, this being accomplished by means of a pestle. It is usually of iron, porcelain, agate, or glass. Mortariolum (mor-ta-ri’-o-lum) [dim. of mortarium, an urn]. A small mortar; also an alveolus. Mortarium (mor-ta/-re-um) [L.]. Same as Mortar; also the trunk of the body from the neck to the hips. Mortification (mor-fiftić-a/-shun). See Gamgrene. Mortified (mor/-fift id) [mortificare, to kill]. Gan- grenous; dead. Mortisection (mor-tis-ek/-shun). Synonym of Autopsy. Morton’s Affection. Same as /ſ/.’s Aroof. M.’s Fluid. See M.'s Solution. M.'s Foot, a peculiar and painful disorder pertaining to the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the fourth toe. It consists in a local neuritis, from bruising of one or more branches of the ex- ternal phalangeal nerve; probably due to high- heeled and tight shoes. See Metaſarsalgia and Diseases, Table of M.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. M., Plane of. See Plane. M.'s So- lution, a solution consisting of potassium iodid gr. xxx, iodin gr. x, glycerin 3.j, used for injection in spina bifida. M.'s Toe. Same as M.’s Foot. Mortuary (mor/-fu-a-re) [mortuarium, a tomb]. I. A house or tomb for temporary burial. 2. Relating to death or burial. Morula (mor/-u-lah ) [dim. of morum, a mulberry: pſ., Morula”). In embryology, the solid “mulberry germ '' or mass of “segmentation cells, ’’ ‘‘blastomeres” or “cleavage cells”, which results from the complete segmentation of the vitellus of an ovum. Morulation (mor-tº-la/-shun) [morula, a little mul- berry]. In embryology, the formation of the morula during the process of the segmentation of the egg. Moruloid (mor/-u-loid) [morula, a little mulberry; eiðog, like]. Resembling a morula. Morus (moſ-rus) [L. : gen. Mori J. Mulberry. Mori, Succus, the juice of the ripe fruit of M. nigre. It is refrigerant, and may be given in fevers. M., Syr. (B. P.) Dose 3.j-ij. Morvan's Disease. A trophic affection of the skin with pain followed by analgesia, first of one side, then of the other, and then the formation of a succession of whitlows, which are usually painless, and are attended with, or are the result of, necrosis of the phalanges. Muscular atrophy, paresis, contraction of the fingers, and loss of the sensations of heat or cold are other symptoms. Most cases occur between twenty and fifty years of age. See Diseases, Table of Morve (mory). See Fºuinia. Mosaic (mo-za/-ä) [uovoaikóc, mosaic]. Inlaid work made of small pieces inlaid to form a pattern. M. Gold. See Pigments, Conspectus of M. Layer. See Mesoretina. M. of Muscle-compartments, the mosaic appearance observed in a striped muscle- fiber when treated with acetic acid. Moschate (mos/-kāt) [uáoxog, musk]. Having the odor of moschus, or musk. Moschatin (mos/-ka/-īn) [uðoyoc, musk], C, H2:NO. A bitter, brownish substance extracted from Achillea moschafa. MOSCHATOUS Fºy Moschatous (mos’-kač-us). Synonym of Moschate. Moschiferous (mos-AEif'-er-us) [uáozog, musk; ferre, to bear]. Yielding musk. Moschocaryon (mos - Ao-kar/- e - on) [uðoyoc, musk; Kápvov, kernel]. Nutmeg. Moschus (mosſ-kus) [uðoyoc, musk: gen., Moschij. Musk. The dried secretion obtained from the folli- cles of the prepuce of the musk-deer, M. moschiſe- rus. It is always liable to adulteration, but the Chinese musk is considered the best. It is a diffusible stimulant acting on the nervous centers, and is used with advantage in the collapse of typhoid fever and in pneumonia. It is used chiefly as a perfume, the 84 MOTOR Brownian. M., Ciliary, the waving or lashing move- ment of cells possessed of cilia. M., Involuntary, a movement of an organ or part that is not an act of volition. M., Pendulum, a to-and-fro movement like that of the pendulum, sometimes observed in the arms in obscure nervous diseases. M., Voluntary, any change of position of an organ or part due to an act of the will. See also AMovement. Motive (mo/-tiv) [movere, to move]. Causing motion; a determining impulse. M. Force, M. Power, the moving or impelling force. Motor (mo/-tor) [movere, to move]. A mover. . A term applied to various muscles and to a class of nerves. odor being somewhat aphrodisiac. Dose gr. ij-x. M. Aphasia. See Aphasia. M. Area, the por- M., Tinct., Io per cent. in strength. Dose 3.j-jss. Mosler’s Diabetes. See /Diabetes. ºr * - Ascending fron- Mosquito (mus-ke/-to)[Sp., a little gnat]. 20. *20.*/ ) N | tal and parie- See Culex. Cf. Parasites (Animal), R \{* ~~ 2//] \ #1–2 ºn: 7able of M.-culture, a culture of Frontalis. º żº - | ad frontai convo- blood that has been drawn by a mos- Facial (upper). *_2\ 4.Y. \\ lution, and in: quito from a sick person. Corrugator super- */4,'íl sº l *...* of Moss (//laws) [ME., mos, moss]. A small cilii. - S&–—ºft–H–4 tem; herbaceous plant of the natural order Orbicularis. palp. -- &MŽS. | '; ,? Facial (upper A/usci. M., Ceylon. See Agar-agar. Nasal muscles.{ C- fl } : lººk M., Club. See Zycopodium. M., Zygomatici. I }}ºf Iš. Corsican. See Corsica?? Moss. M., - is - ++...ºf 1162OUIS, Triceps ºp. } ſº. A/3 ‘.…” Biceps. intern.). ſº Aº ſ Braºh- - %/// ialis Ulnar.{ n 3 ºf ºst l ant. º Sº. -% } Median. (ff 'S * —Supinator longus. Flexor carpi º \ Pronator teres. ulnaris. º § F º COI 1. i *—H Flex. carpi rad. We Flex. digit. subl. Flex. dig. (II et III) §. } Flex. dig. (ind. et min.) Subl. } Ulnar. Flex. longus poll. Median. Abduct. poll. Opponens pollicis. Palmaris brevis. Abduc. dig. min. Flexor dig. min. & Oppo. dig. min. Flex. brevis poll. Adduc. brev. poll. Lumbricales. Motor Points of PALMAR Aspect of LEFT ARM. Peroneal. Gastrocnemius. – Peroneus long. | }soleu. P Tibialisanticus. Ext. digit. long. Peroneus brevis Flex. hallucis long. Extensor ...} lucis longus. Ext. digit, brev. Abductor Interossei dorsales. * * * min, digit. Motor Points OF OUTER ASPECT OF LEFT LEG. \ Deltoid- eus (pos- {t riceps (cap. terior long.). . portion). J Triceps (cap. U extern.). Musculo-spiral. Brachialis ant. Supinator long. Ext. radialis long. Ext. rad. brevis e Ext. carpi ul- Ext. digit. com- Il 3 TIS. IIlli111S. Supinator Extensor indicis. brevis. Ext. Oss. metac. Ex. min. digit. poll. Ex. indicis. tern. poll. tern. poll. Abduct. min. tº digit. Interossei flºr; sal (I and II). Inteross. dor- sal. (III and IV). MOTOR POINTS OF DoRSAL ASPECT OF LEFT ARM. Gluteus maxi- III UlS. WN :* Sciatic. Adductor magnus. Biceps (cap. long.). Semitendinosus. femo- Semimembranosus. IIS (cap. brev.). * A Peroneal. Post. tibial. Gastrocnemius } (cap. ext.). {ºus (cap. int.). Soleus. Soleus. \\ R \ \ Flexor digit. Flexor long.hallucis. * ; comm. long. ) | Tibial. ſ g MOTOR POINTS OF POSTERIOR ASPECT OF LEFT THIGH AND LEG. 5O MOTORIAL tion of the cerebral gyri in each hemisphere surround- ing the central fissure, viz.: the precentral and post- central gyri bordering the fissure, the posterior part of the three frontal gyri, and the paracentral lobule on the mesal surface of the hemisphere. Stimulation of this region by a weak faradic current induces movement in definite parts of the opposite half of the body. M. Ataxia. See Ataxia. M. Cell, a nerve-cell generat- ing motor impulses. M. Centers. See Center. M. Fibers, centrifugal nerve-fibers exciting contraction of muscles. M. Impulse, the nerve-influence that results in action. M. Nerves, those efferent nerves that carry impulses to the muscles. M. oculi. See AVerves, Table of M. Path, the path traversed by a motor impulse, from the brain to the muscles. M. Points, the points on the surface of the body where the various branches of the motor nerves supplying the muscles may be affected by electricity. See Cuts of Motor-points, pp. 784-785. M.Vaso-. See Vaso-motor. Motorial (mo-'oſ-re-al) [/notorius, motory]. Of or pertaining to motion. M. End-plate, an eminence of protoplasm within the sarcolemma where a nerve- fiber pierces the latter. It is produced by a spreading out of the axis-cylinder. Motorium (mo-toº-re-um) [movere, to move]. The umotor apparatus of the body, both nervous and mus- cular, considered as a unit. Motory (mo/-/or-e) [movere, to move]. Same as Motor. Motosis (mo-o/-sis) [uotóg, lini]. A lint-dressing. Motricity (mo-tris/-īt-e) [movere, to move]. Motor neuricity; the efferent motor impulse sent along a Iner Ve. Motschutkowski’s Method. See 7%reatment. Mottle (mot/-/) [ME., motteleye, a mixture of colors]. To mark with spots or blemishes. Mottled (moſ/-/d) [ME., moſteleye, a mixture of colors]. Spotted; marked with patches of dark color; varie- gated. M. Kidney. Same as Zarge White Kidney. Mottling (mot/-ling) [ME., moſtleye, a mixture of colors]. A spotted condition. Mouches volantes (moos/, vo-Mont () [Fr.]. See Musca wo/itantes. Mouilla (moo-i/-a/a). An excellent liquid potash soap containing a large percentage of glycerin. It is employed in dermatology, and is useful in the treatment of come- dones and for cleansing purposes. It does not contain enough fat for use on the face. Mould, Mold (mold). See Mold and Fungus. Moulding-flask. A flask invented for obtaining cast- ings from plaster models, which, on account of irregu- larity of the teeth or projection of the alveolar border, cannot be drawn from a simple impression in sand. Mounding (mowm/-ding) [ME., mound, a protection]. The rising in a lump of muscle-fibers when struck by a slight, firm blow. It is observed in the thin and feeble, and in certain diseases, as pulmonary tuber- culosis and advanced locomotor ataxia. See Myoidemia. Mount (ſnownt)[ME., mount, a mountain]. In palmistry, a fleshy cushion in the palm of the hand. M. of Jupi- ter, the name given to the eminence at the root of the index finger. M. of Mars, the name given to the upper part of the hypothenar eminence. M. of Mer- cury, the name given to the eminence at the root of the little finger. M. of the Moon, the name given to the lower part of the hypothenar eminence. M. of Saturn, the name given to the eminence at the root of the middle finger. M. of the Sun, the name given to the eminence at the root of the ring-finger. M. of Venus, a name given in palmistry to the thenar eminence. Mountain (mown/-/en) [M.E., mountaine, mountain]. A high elevation of land. M. Anemia. See Anky- 786 MOUNTING Mostomiasis. M. Balm. See Ariodic/yon. M.-blue. Same as Azurite. M.-climbing. See Zerrain-cume. M. Fever, a synonym of Typhoid Fever, g. v. M.- green. Same as Brunswick Green and Malachite Green. M. Laurel. See Aalmia. M. Sage. See Sierra Salvia. M. Sickness, symptoms consequent upon the ascent to high altitudes, consisting of debil- ity, vomiting, tremulousness, headache, loss of mus- cular power, etc. See Anoxysmia, Alypsonosus, Mareo. M. Tea, a popular name for Gaultheria pro- cumbens, ſy, v. Mountaineering Malady. See Mountain Sickness. Mountebank (mown/-te-bank) [It., montambanco, mountebank]. A quack who prescribes and sells medicines and nostrums in public places. Also called Quacksa/ver. Mounting (mown/-ting) [ME., mounten, to mount]. In microscopy, the arrangement of a microscopic object upon some suitable support (slide) and in some suit- able medium. M.-cell, in microscopy, a ring of card-board, metal, or rubber, for the support of the cover-glass, or to prevent the mounting-medium from spreading when the object is thick. M.-media, va- rious fluids, or resins in the fluid state, afterward be- coming solid, that are employed in the examina- tion and temporary or permanent preservation of mi- croscopic objects. See also Stains, Table of The most important are as follows: ACETATE OF COPPER, for preserving and mounting green algae. Acetate of copper I grn, glacial acetic acid I c.c., camphor- water 250 c.c., glycerin 250 c.c., corrosive subli- mate 4 grms. The glycerin is sometimes omitted with advantage, as in the case of vo/vox. ACETATE OF POTASSIUM, used in a strongly concentrated solution; it behaves much as glycerin, but does not dry at the edges and is less refractive. BENZOL, employed as a solvent for Canada balsam and in preparing objects for balsam-mounts, but unfit for use as a me- dium for preliminary examination, on account of its great volatility. BERGAMOT, OIL OF. Schieffer- decker first recommended this oil as a clearing-agent and mounting-medium ; it clears 95 per cent. alcohol preparations and celloidin preparations, and does not attack anilin colors. CANADA BALSAM. This should be deprived of certain volatile products before using. Solutions free from chloroform are to be preferred, es- pecially for bacteria. Baumgarten recommends equal parts of Canada balsam and oil of cloves. Pure xylol answers equally well. Owing to the high refractive index of Canada balsam (1.53), bacteria are poorly de- fined in it. CARBOLIC ACID. One of the best agents for clearing and temporary examination of tissues. It is best used in concentrated solution in alcohol, when it clears instantaneously even very watery prepara- tions. For clearing sections imbedded in celloidin, use a mixture of xylol and carbolic acid in equal parts. CAUSTIC POTASH. A very useful clearing-agent in mod- erately strong (5 per cent.) solutions, for the examina- tion of plant-sections. If sections are to be permanently mounted, they should be washed in water, passed through dilute alcohol, and mounted in glycerin. CE- DAR-OIL. On account of its refractive index, which resembles that of crown-glass; this is the most widely-used fluid for homogeneous immersion ob- jectives. It is miscible with chloroform-balsam and with castor oil. It clears tissues in 95 per cent. alco- hol without shrinkage, and does not extract anilin stains. It is, therefore, one of the most valuable of all media for preliminary examinations. CHLORO- FORM, employed in preparing objects for mounting, and sometimes as a solvent for balsam ; but it is not to be recommended, as it tends to destroy the staining, MOUNTING especially in bacterial preparations. CLovES, OIL OF. This has a tendency to form very convex drops, and to render tissues brittle; sometimes this is considered ad- vantageous in minute dissections. It clears objects better than balsam, and may be used in connection with bal- sam-mounts; but, as it dissolves celloidin, it should not be used for sections imbedded in that medium. It dark- ens with age, and is commonly adulterated with phenol, which may be detected by F/ucéiger's test: i. e., shake the suspected oil with fifty parts of hot water, slowly evaporate the aqueous portion to a small bulk, and test it with a drop of ammonia and a pinch of chlo- rid of lime. If phenol be present, a green color is developed, which changes to a permanent blue color. COPAL VARNISH. Pale copal varnish, of the consis- tency of oil, is recommended as a substitute for Can- ada balsam. For very large sections it is very useful, makes no bubbles, and it dries so hard, if slightly warmed, as to stand wiping and dusting with a soft brush. By its use large and expensive cover-glasses may be dispensed with. CREASOTE (Stieda's Method). A very useful clearing-agent and temporary mount for watery sections. Rinse the sections in water; bring them upon the slide; remove the water by means of blotting-paper; add a drop of creasote at the side; when clear, draw off the creasote in the same way and replace with dammar. CSOKOR’s CEMENT For GLYCERIN-MOUNTS. Pure Venice turpentine is poured into some melted wax upon a water-bath until a portion taken out on a glass rod becomes stiff at once and does not stick to the hand. DAMMAR, used as a substitute for Canada balsam. Gum dam- mar dissolved in benzol, or xylol, about IOO grims. of dammar to IOO c.c. of benzol. DAMMAR AND MAS- TIC, much used as a substitute for Canada balsam. First solution. Gum dammar IOO grns., oil of tur- pentine 200 c.c. Dissolve and filter. Second solu- tion. Gum mastic 50 grms., chloroform 200 grims. Mix the two solutions. FARRANT’s MEDIUM, re- commended because tissues mounted in it preserve their normal appearance, and in that it is more con- venient than glycerin, as it dries at the edges and fixes the cover-glass. Tissues may be mounted in it directly from water, but it is better that they be soaked for a time in dilute glycerin. Formula: Dissolve I grm. of arsenious acid in 200 c.c. of distilled water. In this fluid dissolve, at the ordinary temperature, 130 grms. of gum acacia, with frequent stirring; add IOO c.c. of glycerin; mix. Filter the solution through fine Swedish paper upon which has been deposited a thin layer of talc. GLYCERIN. When this is used as a mounting-medium, the best quality should be em- ployed. A mixture of equal parts of water and gly- cerin is often preferred. As a mounting-medium for plant-tissues, the best preparation is glycerin and acetic acid in equal parts, boiled and filtered. For specimens stained in carmin, the glycerin should be acidulated with one per cent. of formic or acetic acid. GLYCERIN-JELLY. This is a mixture of gly- cerin and pure gelatin; it is liquid at the temperature of boiling water, and solidifies on cooling. Speci- mens should generally be saturated with glycerin be- fore mounting. Goodale gives the following formula: One part of gelatin is soaked in six parts of water for two hours, seven parts of glycerin are added, and one part of carbolic acid is added to the whole. The mass is heated for fifteen minutes with constant stirring, and then filtered through glass-wool in a hot funnel. All of the ingredients must be absolutely pure. Wrap the cork of the bottle containing the jelly in a thin piece of linen which has been dipped in pure carbolic acid, Another formula is the following: Soften 25 grims. 787 MOUTH (6.4 3) of gelatin in cold water. Warm the gelatin over a water-bath; add 5 c. c. (1.3 fa) of white of egg, to clarify. Do not heat above 75° or 80°C. (167° or 176° F.). Pass through a hot filter, mix with an equal volume of glycerin, and add 5 grims. (I.33) of chloral hydrate. GLYCERIN-SOLUTION. Glycerin Io parts, glucose 40 parts, spt. of camphor IO parts, distilled water 140 parts. Mix and filter. The ad- vantage of this medium is that it possesses the refrac- tive index 1.37 in the yellow ray. GOLD SIZE, employed as a sealing for glycerin and potash mounts. Hoyer’s MEDIUM. (a) For anilin preparations : A filtered solution of selected white gum-arabic in a 50 per cent. aqueous solution of acetate of potassium or acetate of ammonium. (b) For carmin preparations and Aematoxylin preparations : The same as the first, but a concentrated solution of chloral hydrate, to which has been added from 5 to IO per cent. of glycerin, is sub- stituted for the solution of potassium or ammonium. It is recommended by Strasburger for plant-tissues. LAVDowSKY’s MEDIUM, for mounting sections. It also clears somewhat. It consists of gum-sandarac 30 grms. , dissolved in absolute alcohol 50 c.c. A thin solution may also be made by diluting with an equal quantity of absolute alcohol. MASKENLACK. An ad- hesive varnish prepared in Germany for securing the edges of cover-glasses when mounting-media lacking tenacity are used. MIKROSKOPIRLACK. A German varnish employed for securing the edges of cover- glasses when mounting-fluids lacking tenacity are used. SHELLAC. This is frequently employed in building up cells or securing the edges of cover-glasses. It may be best used in alcoholic solution, to which a few drops of castor oil are added to prevent brittleness. It may be tinged with the anilin dyes. SMITH's (HAM- ILTON) HIGH-INDEX MOUNTING-FLUID FOR DIA- TOMS. In two (2) fluid drams of glycerin-jelly, made in the usual way, dissolve in the cold ten (IO) drams of chemically-pure stanmous chlorid. When the solution is complete, bring to the boil for a few minutes and filter while hot. The fluid must be used hot. This is done by simply heating the slide at the time of mounting. It has a refractive index (approxi- mately) of 2.40. The color is equal to that of old yel- low balsams. Diatoms mounted in it show with wonderful clearness. TUR PENTINE, used as a clearing- agent, as a solvent for balsam, and as a medium for the temporary examination of sections. Its refractive index is such as to render it a valuable medium. Zhickened Turpentine (the verharztes Zerpentinó/ of German writers), which is prepared by exposing rectified tur- pentine in thin layers to the air for several days, does not shrink alcohol preparations, as does the ordi- nary spirit. WHITE LEAD (with oil), used in build- ing up cells and sealing mounting-media that lack te- nacity. XYLOL, used in preparing objects, and as a Sol- vent for Canada balsam. It is suitable as a medium for preliminary examination, on account of its great Solu- bility. XYLOL-BALSAM. Canada balsam dissolved in xylol is used as a medium in mounting microscopic , objects. Moussena (moo/-se-mah or moo-se/-nah) [African]. Moussenin (moo/-sen-in) [moussena]. Moustache (mus'-tash ). Mouth (mowth) [ME., mouth, mouth]. The bark of Albizzia anthelminthica, a good-sized shrub of Abyssinia. It is said to be an efficient tenia- cide, acting without purging, nauseating, or producing colic. See Acacia. The alkaloid found in Alſoussena bark. It was discovered by Theil in Albizzia anthelminthica, and resembles Saponin. It is also spelled mussenin. See A/us/ache and A/1-stax. The proximal MOUVEMENT DE MANEGE terminus of the alimentary canal extending from the lips to the pharynx. The cavity in which mastication takes place. Also, the termination of any canal. M.-breather, a person who habitually breathes through the mouth. M.-breathing, respiration through the oro-pharynx instead of, as normally, through the naso-pharynx. M.-protector, an appli- ance used to protect the lips and cheeks in using the discs with the dental engine. M., Sore. See Aph- tha and Stomatitis. M.-wash, a gargle ; any liquid preparation for the mouth and fauces. Mouvement de manège [Fr.]. A form of forced movement in which the animal runs about in a circle; it is seen in certain cases of vivisection in which the semicircular canals of the internal ear have been divided. - Movement (moov/-ment) [movere, to move]. A motion or action. See Motion. M., Acquired, one ac- quired after much practice and the exercise of volun- tary control. M., Ameboid, that resembling the movement of the ameba. It consists of a change in form by the throwing out of processes called pseu- dopods, the rest of the protoplasm flowing into the processes. It is observed in certain unicellular organ- isms and in leukocytes. See Motion, Ameboid. M., Associated, an involuntary movement in one part when another is moved voluntarily. M., Brownian, a physical phenomenon observed in aggregations of minute particles, and consisting of a rapid, oscillating movement without change of the relative position of the moving particles. See Brownian. M., Ciliary, the movement of the processes of ciliated cells or of the cilia of organisms. It is a rapid movement, generally in one direction. M., Circus, a type of manége move- ment [7. v.], in which the animal executes rapid circular movements or somersaults. It is produced experimentally by injury of the striatum, of the thala- mus, or of the crus of one side. M.-cure. See Aïnesitherapy. M., Febrile, febrile changes of tem- perature. M., Fetal, the muscular movements of the fetus in utero. M., Forced, unsymmetric move- ment of the body from unilateral injury of the motor centers or the conducting paths, as in the following: Index M., when the cephalic part of the body is moved about the stationary caudal part; Rolling M., when the animal rolls on its long axis. M., Molecular. Synonym of Brownian Movement. M., Sarcodic. Synonym of AZ., Ameboid. Mower's Mite. See Zep/us autumnalis. de Mowre's Hypothesis. See Zife. Moxa (mo/s/-ah) [Chin, and Jap.]. A term used to designate combustible organic matter which, by burn- ing in contact with the skin, produces a deep-seated eschar. The Chinese moxa consists of bundles of Artemisia. In modern surgery, rolls of cotton half an inch in diameter, impregnated with miter 3.j to 3 viij of water are used. Cobwebs are also employed. Unof. M.-bearer, or Porte-moxa, an instrument for applying the moxa. Moxiburium (moſºs-iö-te/-re-um). See Moxibustion. Moxibustion (moſºs-ib-us/-chun) [moxa, moxa ; urere, to burn]. The application of the actual cautery by means of the moxa. See Byssocausis. Moxosphyra (moſºs-os-/-rah) [moxa, moxa ; a pupa, hammer]. A hammer heated in boiling water and applied to the skin for purposes of counter-irritation. Mucago (mu-ka/-go)[mucus, mucus]. Mucus; mucilage. Mucamid (mu'-4am-id) [mucus, mucus; amid'], Cº Hig- N.Og. A crystalline substance isomeric with sacchar- amid. * Mucate (mu’-kāt) [mucus, mucus]. A salt of mucic acid. 788 MUCOID Mucedin (mu'-se-din) [mucus, mucus]. A nitrogenous substance obtained by alcohol from gluten-fibrin; when freshly precipitated it is a yellowish-white slimy mass, with a silky luster. It is readily soluble in 60–70 per cent. alcohol, also in dilute acids and alkalies. . See Glutenz and Mucin. Mucedo (mu-se/-do). Mucic Acid (mu/-sić). Muciferous º,..., [mucus, mucus; ferre, to bear]. Producing or secreting mucus. Mucific (mu-sif'-ić). Synonym of Muciferous. Mucifluxus (mu-siſ-luks/-us) [mucus, mucus; //uere, to flow]. A mucous discharge. Muciform (mu'-siſ-orm) [mucus, mucus; forma, form]. Resembling mucus. Mucigen (mu/-sij-en) [mucus, mucus ; Yévvāv, to pro- duce]. A hypothetic mucigenous substance of goblet- cells. Mucigenous (mu-siſ/-em-us) [mucus, mucus; Yeuvâv to produce]. Producing or secreting mucus. . Mucilage (mu/-si/-ij) [mucilago, mucilage]. See Mu- cilago. M.-cell, one of those plant-cells that secrete mucilage, owing to a change in the contents of the cell, to a disorganization of the cell-wall, or to both causes. Mucilaginous (mu - sil- aft' - in - us) [mucilago, from mucus, mucus]. Pertaining to mucilage or gum. Glands. See Glazza'. - Mucilago (mu-siſ-a/-go) [L. : gen., Mucilaginis. pl., Mucilagines]. A mucilage. In pharmacy, a thick, viscid liquid obtained by extracting the soluble mucil- aginous principles of certain plants in water. There are four official mucilagines, besides three in the “National Formulary.” & Mucin (mu/-sin) [mucus, mucus]. A glucosid, a com: pound of a proteid with a carbohydrate called animal gum, the characteristic substance in mucus, occurring also in saliva, bile, mucous tissue, synovia, etc. Decom- posed it yields leucin and tyrosin. It is insoluble in water, and is precipitated by alcohol and acetic acid. Mucinaginous (mu-sin-a/-in-us). 6/202/S. Mucinogen (mu-sin/-o-jen) [mucus, mucus; yewvāv, to produce]. The antecedent principle from which mucin is derived. Mucinoid (mu'-sin-oid) [mucus, mucus; elóoç, like]. Resembling mucin. Mucinuria (mu-sin-u/-re-ah) [mucus, mucus; oipov, urine]. The presence of mucin in the urine. Muciparous (me-sip/-ar-zes) [mucus, mucus; parere, to bring forth]. Secreting or producing mucus. Mucitis (mu-siſ-tis) [mucus, mucus; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of any mucous membrane; also, blenor- rhea. Mucocele (mu/-ko-se/) [mucus, mucus; ká%m, tumor]. A mucous tumor or distention of the lacrymal sac. Muco-colitis (mee-Ao-ko-li’-ſis) [mucus, mucus; kóżov, colon ; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon. Mucocolpos (mu-ko-Ko/-pos) [mucus, mucus; kó%Tog, vagina]. A collection of mucus in the vagina. Mucoderm (mu'-Ao-derm) [mucus, mucus; skin]. The corium of a mucous membrane. Mucoenteritis (mu-Ab-em-fer-i/-tis) [mucus, mucus; ëvrepov, intestine; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the intestine. Mucoglobulin (mu-ko-glob/-at-lin) [mucus, mucus; globulus, a ball]. Any one of a certain group of protoplastic substances, of which plastin is an ex- ample. . e Mucoid (mu/-koid) [mucus, mucus; elóoç, like]. Re- sembling mucus. - Synonym of Mucus. See Acid. Same as Mucig- 6éppia, MUCONIC ACID Muconic Acid (mu-kon/-i}) [mucus, mucus], CsPI30,. A crystalline acid obtained from mucic acid. Mucopeptone (mu-ko-pep/-ton) [mucus, mucus; Trépic, digestion]. A form of peptone produced in gastric digestion when mucus is present together with certain albuminoids. Muco-purulent (muu-ko-fºu’-ru-lent) [mucus, mucus; puru/entus, purulent]. Containing mucus mingled with pus. Muco-pus (mu/-ko-pus) [mucus, mucus; pus, pus]. Mucus mingled with pus; mucus containing many leukocytes. Mucor (mu'-kor) [L., mold]. I. Moldiness; musti- ness. 2. Mucus. 3. A genus of fungi. M. asper- gillus, a species yielding dark-brown spores. M. corymbifer, found in the cerumen of the external auditory meatus. M. mucedo, the species that in- duces alcoholic fermentation. It is said to be found in the blood and sputa of patients suffering from mea- sles. M. vulgaris. Same as M. mucedo. Mucosa (mu-koſ-sa/.) [mucus, mucus]. The mucous membrane or its corium. Mucose (mu'-köz). Synonym of Mucous. Mucoserous (mu-ko-se/-rus) [mucus, mucus; serum, serum]. Both mucous and serous; containing mucus and serum. Mucosin (muſ-Åo-sin) [mucus, mucus]. An albuminoid substance derived from mucus—isomerous with kera- tin ; it is said by some to be simply mucin. Mucoso-saccharin (mu-ko/-so-sa/#/-ar-in) [mucosus, mucous; saccharºm, sugar]. An uncrystallizable Sugar. - Mucous (mu/-kus) [mucosus, from mucus, mucus]. Containing or having the nature of mucus. A term applied to those tissues that secrete mucus. M. Casts, a term given to the casts found in the feces in cases of Membranous Enteritis. See also Cylindroids. M. Catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of a mucous mem- brane. M. Disease, a synonym of entero-colitis, es- pecially in children. M. Fever. See Fever. M. Ligament. See Ligament. M. Membrane. See Membrane. M. Patch, a flattened, indurated, moist- ened surface, covered with a grayish-white exudation, occurring in syphilis, secondary or congenital, at points where folds of skin come in contact. M. Râle, a soft, moist crackling heard over the lungs in certain diseased states. See A'éles, Table of M. Tissue, myxomatous tissue. Mucro (mu'-Aro) [L., a sharp point, especially of a sword: pl. , Mucrones]. In biology, an angular prominence, a tip, spine, point, or process, as the apex of a Chiton shell. Mucronate (mu'-Aro-nāt) [mucronatus, pointed]. Nar- rowed to a point. In biology, applied to a leaf that is abruptly tipped with a small, soft point. M. Car- tilage, the ensiform cartilage. Mucroniform (mu-Aro/-niform) [mucro, sharp point; forma, form]. Shaped like a mucro. Mucronule (mu'-Aro-nāl) [dim, of mucro, a sharp point]. In biology, a small mucro. Muculent (mu/-ku-lenſ) [mucus, mucus]. Inll CllS, Mucuna (mu-ku/-nah) [Braz.]. A genus of legumin- ous herbs. M. pruriens, cowhage; the hairs of the pods of the plant were formerly much used as a vermi- fuge for ascarides. It is very irritant to the intestinal mucous membrane, and applied to the skin excites intense itching, inflammation, and pustulation. It was administered in the form of an electuary, of which a teaspoonful or more was given, followed by a brisk purge. Unof, Mucus (mu'-kus) [I,.]. Rich in The viscid liquid secretion of 789 MULDER'S ANGLE mucous membranes, composed essentially of mucin holding in suspension desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, etc. Mud [ME., mud, mud]. Moist, soft earth. M.-bath. See Bath. M.-fever, in veterinary medicine, the scratches, g. v. Mudar (mu/-dar) [E. Ind.]. The root-bark of various Asiatic species of Calotropis (C. gigantea, C. procera, C. hamiltoni); it is alterative, tonic, diuretic, sudo- rific, and emetic. Unof. Mudarin (mu/-dar-in) [E. Ind., mudar]. A bitter principle from mudar; it is said to be tonic, emetic, and alterative. Unof. Muga Silk. See Silé. Mugrela, Tincture of. A tincture of the seeds of AVºgella sativa, formerly used as a carminative. Muguet (mu-gwa') [Fr.]. Thrush; aphtha; parasitic stomatitis. Mugwort (mug/-weſt) [ME., mugworte, mugwort]. The leaves and tops of Artemisia vulgaris, having therapeutic properties similar to those of wormwood. See Absinthium. Dose of the flá. ext, m xx–3 j. Unof. Mühlhäuser's Method. See Sputum, Methods of Ex- amination. Mulatto (mu-lat/-o) [Sp., muleto, dim. of mulé, a mule]. The offspring of a negro mother and a white father, or a white mother and a negro father. The term is also loosely applied to other and all degrees of inter- mixture. According to the classification adopted and recognized in the French slave-colonies, the people of color were supposed to represent a whole of I28 parts white and 128 parts black. Nine different varieties of mixed race were recognized; but between each of these there exist a vast number of intermediate shades and interblendings for which no classification was at- tempted, or could be made, even in theory:— PARTS. White. Black. 1. The sacratra, nearest of all to the pure negro type, may be the result of 5 com- binations, and may have . . . . . . . 8– 16 II 2–I2O 2. The griffe, result of 5 combinations, . . ; 21– 32 96-104 3. The capre, or marabow, result of 5 com- binations, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40– 48 80–88 4. The mulátre (mulatto), result of 12 com- binations, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56– 7o 58-72 5. The quarteron (quadroon), result of 20 combinations, . . . . . . . . . . . . 71–76 32- 57 6. The métis, result of 6 combinations, . . Io.4-112 | 16– 24 7. The mamzelozec, result of 5 combinations, 116-12o 8— I 2 8. The quarteronme, result of 4 combina- tions, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I22-124 4- 6 9. The sang-melé (lit. “mixed blood''), the result of 4 combinations, . . . . . . . 125-127 I– 3 Mulberry (muſ/-ber-c) [ME., mulbery, mulberry]. See Morus. M. Calculus, a large, rough urinary calculus of oxalate of lime. It often attains a considerable size, has a rough, irregular surface, and is of a dark color. It is very hard, and on section presents an angular structure, with dark-colored laminae, which are very compact, and are often marked with fine parallel lines. The nucleus most commonly consists of a mixture of urates, uric acid, and oxalate of lime. M. Mass. See Morula. M. Rash, the eruption of typhus fever. M. Rob. See A'ob. M. Tongue. See Strawberry Tongue. Mulder's Angle. See Angle. M.'s Hypothesis or Theory, a theory concerning the origin of albumin- MULEY oids; the theory published in 1838 by Mulder, that albuminous bodies are practically derivatives from one substance, termed by him protein, but it was soon shown that this theory was erroneous, and it has been generally abandoned. Cf. Protein. M.'s Reagent, a reagent for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of carmin, indigo, and an alkaline solution. See Tests, Zable of Muley (mu/-le) [origin uncertain]. to cattle. Muliebrity (mu-le-eô/-riţ-e) [muliebritas; mulier, woman]. Womanliness; puberty in the female. Mullein (mul/-en). See Verbascum. Müller, Canal of. See Duct. M., Duct of. See Duct. M.'s Fibers, the supporting fibers of the retina running transversely to its layers. See also Fiber. M.'s Fluid, a fluid used for hardening tissues. Its composition is as follows: Potassium bichromate, 2 to 2.5 parts; sodium sulphate, I part; water, IOO parts. It should be used in large quantities, renewed at the end of twelve hours, then every third day until the hardening is completed. Then wash well in water and preserve in alcohol. The color which the fluid imparts to tissues that have been preserved in it can be discharged by hydrate of chloral. M.'s Ganglia. See Gang/ia, Table of M.'s Larva, one of the free-swimming embryos of certain poly- clad flat-worms (Thysanozoön and Yungia). M.'s (Johannes) Law, the tissue of which a tumor is com- posed has its type in the tissues of the animal body, either in the adult or in the embryonic condition. M., Lid-muscle of, bundles of non-striped muscle forming the tarsal portion of the fibrous extensions of the tendon of the levator palpebrae. M.'s Muscles. See Muscles, Zable of M.'s Net. See Wet. M.'s Ring, the spurious internal os uteri. It marks the termination of the cervical mucous membrane. M.'s Ring-muscle, certain fibers of the ciliary muscle lying near the ciliary border, and abnormally developed in hyperopia. See Muscles, Table of Müllerian Cyst. See Cyst. Mulley (müſ/-e) (origin uncertain). A term applied to cattle which are deprived of horns. Cf. Muley. Mulomedicina (mu-lo-med-is-i/-na/.) [mulus, mule; medicina, medicine]. Veterinary medicine. Multi- (mul'-te-) [pl. of multus, much]. A Latin pre- fix signifying many. Multiaxial (mu/-/e-a/s/-e-a!) [mulus, many; axis, an axis]. In biology, having several lines of growth. Multicapsular (mul-tić-ap/-su-lar)[multus, many; cap- sula, a little box]. In biology, composed of many capsules. Multicellular (mul-ćis-e/-u-lar) [multus, many; cellula, cell]. Many-celled. Multicornate (mul-tié-or/-nāt) [multus, many; cornua, horn]. Having many horns. Multicostate (mul-ćik-os/-tät) [muſtus, many; costa, a rib]. In biology, having many ribs. Multicuspid, Multicuspidate (muſ-tić-us/-pid, muſ- tié-us/-pid-āt) [mulus, many; cuspis, a point]. Hav- ing several cusps. M. Teeth, the molar teeth. Multidentate (mul-fe-den/-tät) [multus, many; dens, a tooth]. A term applied in biology to parts armed with many teeth or tooth-like processes. Multidigitate (muſ-te-dij/-it-át) [multus, many; digitus, a finger]. Having many digits or digitate processes. Multiembryonate (mul-fe-e/-bre-on-át) [multus, many; Šuffpwov, embryol. In biology, having several embryos. Multifetation (mul-ćiſ-e-ta/-shun) ſociatio, fetation]. two fetuses. Hornless ; applied [mzel/us, many; Pregnancy with more than one or 790 MULTISEPTATE Multifid (mul/-fift id). See Multiftaus spinae, in Muscles, 7able of Multiflagellate (mul-ćif-la/-el-ād) [multus, many; ſlagellum, a whip]. In biology, having many flagella. Multiflorous (muſ-ºf-lo’-rus) [multus, many; /los, a flower]. In biology, bearing many flowers. Multifoliate (mul-ćf-o'-le-āt) [mulus, many; ſolium, a leaf J. In biology, bearing many leaves. Multiform (mul/-täform). Same as Polymorphours. Multiganglionate (mul-fe-gang/-le-on-áſ) [mulfus, many; gang/ion, ganglion]. Having many ganglia. Multigravida (mul-tig-rav/-id-a/.) [mulus, many; gravidus, pregnant]. A pregnant woman who has passed through one or more pregnancies. Multigyrate (mul-te-fi/-rat) [multus, many; gyrus, a gyre]. Having many gyres, as the brain. - Multilaminate (mul-fi/-am/-in-āt) [multus, many; ſamina, a thin layer]. Having many laminae. Multilobate (mul-te-lo/-bād) [multus, many; Woğ6ç, a lobe]. Composed of many lobes. Multilobular (mul-te-lob/-u-lar) [multus, many; lobus, a lobe]. Many-lobed. - Multilocular (mul-de-lo/-u-lar) [multus, many; loculus, a locule or cell]. Many-celled; polycystic. Multimammes (mul-tim-am/-ez). Same as Polymas- Zia. Multinervate (mul-tin-wr/-vāţ) [multus, many; nerva, nerve]. I. Having many nerves. 2. Same as Mul- ticostate. - Multinuclear (mul-tin-u/-kle-ar) [multus, many; mu- cleus, kernel]. Having several or many nuclei. Multiovulate (mul-te-o'-vu-lāt) [multus, many; ovulum, an ovule]. In biology, bearing many ovules. Multipara (mul-tip/-ar-ah) [multus, many; parere, to bring forth]. One bearing several offspring at a birth; more commonly, a gravid woman who has already borne one or more children. Multiparient (mul-tip-a/-re-ent) [multus, many; parere, to bring forth]. Giving birth to several young. Multiparity (mul-ćip-ar'-it-e) [multus, many; parere, to bring forth]. The condition, state, or fact of being multiparous. Multiparous (mul-ćip/-ar-us) [multus, many; parere, to bring forth]. Relating to a multipara. Multipartite (mul-tip-ar/-tit) [multus, many; partire, to divide]. In biology, composed of many parts, as leaves. Multipede (mul/-tip-àd)[multus, many; £es, a foot]. In biology, having many feet. Multipetalous (mul-tip-et/-al-us). lous. Multiple (muſ/-tip-ſ) [multiplus, manifold]. Having many parts or relations. M. Fetation, the presence of two or more fetuses in the uterus. M. Gestation. Same as /l/ Fezafforz. M. Neuritis. See AVezzritis. M. Pregnancy. Same as M. Fetation. M. Sclero- sis. See Sclerosis. M. Staining, the staining of tissues with more than one staining-agent. Multiplicator, Multiplier (muſ/-tip-lik-a-tor, mul/-fift- li-er) [multiplicare, to multiply]. An instrument for detecting an electric current and for measuring its strength. Multipolar (mul-fift-o'-lar) [mulfus, many; poſits, a pole]. Having more than one pole; applied also to nerve-cells having more than one process. Multiradiate (mul-te-ra/-de-áſ) [muſtus, many; radius, a ray]. In biology, having many rays. * Multisect (muſ/-täs-eki) [mulus, many; secare, to cutj. In biology, divided into many sections. Multiseptate (mul-ćis-ep/-tät) [muſtus, many; sapire, to fence inj. In biology, having many partitions; multilocular. Same as Polypeta- MULTISTAMINATE Multistaminate (mul-tis-fam/-in-āt) [multus, many; stamen, stamen]. In biology, bearing many stamens. Multisulcate (mul-ćis-ul/-/*āt) [multus, many; sulcus, a furrow]. Having many sulci, as the brain. Multituberculate (mul-te-fu-ber/-ku-/dt) [muſtus, many; tuberculum, a tubercle]. Having many tuber- cles. Multivalent (mul-tiv/-a/-ent) [mulus, many; valere, to be worth]. In chemistry, combining with more than two atoms of a univalent element. Multivorous (mul-tiv/-o-rus) [multus, many; vorare, to devour]. Voracious. Mumble (mum/-b/) [ME., momelen, to mumble]. To speak in a low, inarticulate manner. Mumbo-jumbo (mum/-bo-jum/-bo). See /umbai Bean. Mummification (mum-iſ-ić-a/-shun). See Gangrene, Ary. 791 Mummified (mum/-iſ-id) [uotpata, mummy; facere, to make]. Dried, like a mummy. M. Pulp, the condi- tion of the dental pulp when it is affected by dry gangrene. Mummy (mum/-e) [uoipua, mummy]. An embalmed body, especially a body embalmed after the Egyptian process. - Mumps [D., mompen, to mumble]. Idiopathic parotiditis; an acute infectious disease of chil- dren, between the ages of five and fifteen, character- ized by swelling of the parotid and other salivary glands, running a definite course, and generally termin- ating in recovery. The period of invasion is less than twenty-four hours, and the left parotid is usually first involved. When the disease occurs at or near puberty there is often a metastasis to the testes, or to the ovaries or mammae in the female; rarely atrophy of the testis follows. The disease is most common in males and in the spring of the year. See Aarotidiſis. Mundificant (mun-dif'-ić-ant), Mundificative (mun- dif'-ić-at-iv) [mundus, clean; facere, to make]. I. Having the power to cleanse, purge, or heal. 2. A cleansing or healing agent. Mungeet (mun-get"). See Pigments, Conspectus of Mungo (mung/-go). See Shoddy. Munich (mu'-mik) [Ger.]. The capital of Bavaria. M.-Frankfort Angle, in craniometry, the facial angle having for its base a line joining the lower border of the orbit and the upper border of the external auditory meatus, and for its facial line one tangent to the most prominent portion of the alveolar border of the inferior maxilla. M. Plane. See Plazze. Munjeet (mum-jet/). Same as Mungeet. Munjistin (mun-jis/-tin) [Hind., manjit, a drug used for dyeing red], CsPISOs. A coloring-substance ob- tained from A'zabia munjista. It is nearly related in composition to purpurin and alizarin. Munk's Visual Center. In the dog, the lateral convex portion of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. Mural (mu'-ral) [murus, wall]. Pertaining to a wall. M. Gestation, M. Pregnancy, pregnancy in the uterine extremity of a Fallopian tube. Mures articulorum (muſ-rez ar-tić-u-lo'-rum), Corpora libera articulorum. Murexan (mu-reks/-an) [murex, the purple-fish], C.H.N.O. A substance identical with dialuramid, derived from murexid. Murexid (mu-reks/-īd) [murex, the purple-fish], CsPIs- NaOs -- H.O. The ammonium salt of purpuric acid, used as a dye-stuff. It occurs in four-sided plates or prisms of a gold-green color. It dissolves in water with a purple-red color, but is insoluble in alcohol and ether. Upon the production of this substance depends the murexid test. See Tests, Table of, and AEigments, Conspectus of See MURMUR Murexoin (mu-reks/-o-in [murex, the purple-fish], C1, His NeCs. A derivative of amalic acid, obtained by treating the acid with water and ammonia. Muriate (mu/-re-āt)[muria, brine]. An old name for a chlorid. Muriated (mu/-re-a-ted) [muria, brine]. Contain- ing chlorin or a chlorid. M. Tincture of Iron, tinc- tura ferri chloridi. See Ferzzzzzz. Muriatic (mu-re-at'-ié) [muria, brine]. Pertaining to sea-salt. M. Acid. See Acid, Hydrochloric. Muricate (mu/-riž-āt) [muricatus, pointed]. In biol- ogy, roughened with short rigid excrescences, spines, or prickles. Muricatohisped (mu-riſſ-at-o-his/-pid) pointed; /*ispidus, hispid]. In biology, with rigid hairs or bristles. Muriform (mu/-riform) [murus, wall; forma, shape). In biology, wall-like; resembling courses of bricks in a wall. M. Body. Same as Morula. Murmur (mer/-mer) [L., a murmurj. A mimetic name for the sounds heard on auscultation, and caused by the friction of moving currents or gliding surfaces in the organs of circulation and respira- tion. See Arzeit. M., Accidental. See /l/., Hemic. M., Anemic. See M., Aſemic. M., Aneurysmal, the aneurysmal bruit. See Bruit. M., Aortic, one generated at the aortic orifice of the heart. M., Arterial, the sound made by the arterial current. M. aurium. Synonym of Tinnitus aurium. M., Bel- lows, the bruit de souffleſ, heard in cardiac hypertro- phy and in mitral insufficiency. M., Blood. See J/., Aſemic. M., Brain, a systolic sound heard over the anterior fontanel, especially in young rickety children. M., Cardiac, any one of those adventitious sounds produced by the abnormal passage of blood through the cavities and orifices of the heart or by perverted cardiac action. The names given to these murmurs correspond with the period of the cardiac cycle in which they oc- cur. A murmur that occurs in the period of auricular systole, is termed presystolic or azuricular systolic, one that occurs in the period of ventricular systole, systolic; one that occurs during the diastole of the ventricles, diastolic, and should the murmur immediately follow the first or second sound, post-systolic or posſ-diastolic respectively. In relation to their seat of generation, cardiac murmurs are designated mitra/, aorſic, tri- cuspid, and pulmonary. All murmurs should be timed by the carotid pulse, not by their relation to the apex- beat. Murmurs are most frequently caused by some change in one of the cardiac valves or orifices, allowing of a reflux of the blood, or obstructing its onward pro- gress. A table of organic endocardial murmurs is ap- pended. M., Cardio-pulmonary, an abnormal sound produced outside of the heart, but closely resembling one due to organic valve-disease. Such murmurs are of frequent occurrence, and may be due to displace- ment of, or pressure upon, the heart, effusion into the pleural cavity, changes in the pleura of the precordial area, changes in the lung overlying the heart, or changes in the pericardium. M., Cephalic, a murmur heard at different parts of the scalp in anemia; it is prob- ably venous in origin. M., Diastolic, a murmur oc- curring during the diastole of the heart. M., Direct, a murmur produced by obstruction to the blood-cur- rent as it is passing in its normal direction. M., Duroziez’s, the double murmur sometimes heard in the femoral artery in aortic regurgitation. See also Signs and Symptoms, 7able of M., Dynamic, one resulting from tumultuous and irregular action of the heart. M., Endocardial, a murmur produced within the cavities of the heart. M., Exocardiac, a murmur connected with the heart, but occurring outside of its [muzicatus, covered MURMUR TABLE OF ORGANIC ENDO CARDIAL M 792 MURMUR URMURS. | DIRECT NAME, IN ORDER SITE OF MAXIMUM | LINE OF CONDUC- BASIC OR - .."Fºº | Twº. INTENSITY. TION. oº:: APICAL. LESION. QUALITY. Mitral regurgitant. Systolic. Center of mitral At sixth rib oppo- Indirect Apical. Mitral insuffi- || Variable; usually area, above and site apex, a line mitral. ciency or in- soft, blowing, bel- to left of apex. drawn from the competence. lows; may be dis- anterior ſold of tinctly musical. axilla to lower an- - gle of left scapula. - Aortic obstructive. Systolic. Mid-sternum or to Toward top of ster. Direct Basic. Aortic obstruc-| Usually loud and right of it, oppo- num, and along aortic. tion or con- ; harsh. Harsh- site third rib or aorta and its striction. ness, is one of second in te r- large branches. its distinguishing Space. characteristics. Aortic regurgitant. Diastolic. | Mid-sternum oppo- Down sternum to Indirect Basic. Aortic insuffi- Soft, blow in g, site upper border ensiform cartil- aortic. ciency or in- sometimes rough, of cartilage of age. competence. frequently musi- third rib. cal. It has ‘the greatest area of diffusion of all the cardiac mur- IIlll I S. Mitral obstructive. Presystolic. Over mitral area Usually not trans-| Direct Apical. Mitral obstruc- || Generally low- around the apex. mitted. mitral. tion or con- pitched, rough, striction. churning, grind- Q ing, or blubber- ing. Subject to great variation of pitch and quality. Tricuspid regurgi- Systolic. Mid-sternum just Toward the epi- Indirect Apical. Tricuspid in- || Low-pitched, su- tant. above the ensin gastrium. tricuspid. sufficiency or perficial, blowing, form cartilage. in compe- soft, faint. tell Ce. - Tricuspid obstruc-|Presystolic. Mid-sternum oppo- Not transmitted. Direct Apical. Tricuspid ob- | Undetermined. tive. site the cartilage tricuspid. Struction Or of fourth rib. constriction. Pulm on a r y ob- | Systolic. Second interspace | Upward a short | Direct Basic. | Pulmonary ob- || Often, harsh and structive. to the left of ster- istance and to pulmon- struction, or audible over the num or at the left of sternum, ary. constriction. whole precordia; level of third rib. stop ping a b- may be very ruptly. faint ; at times bellows. Pulmonary regur- | Diastolic. Second leſt inter- || Down left edge of Indirect Basic. Pulmonary in- | Soft and blowing, gitant. Space. sternun) to ensi- pulmon- sufficiency or || form cartilage. ary. in compe- ten Ce. cavities, as the pericardial friction-sounds. M., False. having a musical quality. M., New Leather. See See M., Cardio-pulmonary. M., Flint's, a murmur occasionally heard at the apex in aortic regurgitation. It is sometimes presystolic in time and is probably due to the fact that on account of the extreme ventricular dilatation the valves cannot be forced back against the . walls and produce a relative narrowing of the auriculo- ventricular orifice. See also Signs and Symptoms, Table of. M., Friction, a murmur or sound produced by the rubbing of two inflamed serous surfaces upon each other. M., Functional, a cardiac murmur occurring from excited action of the heart, without any structural change in the valves or orifices. M., Funic. See Sout/le, Zºumic. M., Heart, an abnormal sound pro- duced within the heart or on its surface. M., Hemic, a sound believed to be due to changes in the quality or amount of the blood, and not to lesions of the vessels or valves. M., Indirect, one produced by the blood flowing in a direction contrary to the normal current. M., Inorganic, a murmur not due to valvular lesions; a hemic or a functional murmur. M., Metadias- tolic. See M., Post-diastolic. M., Metallic, a murmur sometimes heard in pneumo-pericardium, and having a metallic quality. M., Mitral, a murmur produced at the mitral orifice. M., Musical, a heart-murmur Aruit de cuir neuf. M., Organic, a murmur due to structural changes in the heart. M., Pericardial, a friction-sound produced by the rubbing of the pericar- dial surfaces upon each other. M., Placental. See Souffle, Uterine. M., Post-diastolic, a murmur heard immediately after the second sound of the heart. M., Pressure, usually a vascular murmur and due to com- pression of the vessel, as with the stethoscope. M., Presystolic, a murmur heard at the end of the dias- tolic pause, just before the first sound. . It is the com- mon murmur of mitral stenosis. M., Pulmonary, a murmur produced at the pulmonary valve. M., Rasp- ing, a rough murmur. M., Reduplicated, a redupli- cation of the first or second heart-sound, due usually to an asynchronous action of the two sides of the heart. It occurs in conditions of increased resistance in the systemic or pulmonary circulation—as in chronic neph- ritis and in emphysema. It is quite frequent in mitral stenosis and in pericarditis. M., Respiratory, the sounds resulting from the passage of the air through the bronchial apparatus during inspiration and ex- piration. M., Sawing, a long; harsh heart-mur- mur. M., Scapular, the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation transmitted to the angle of the left MURPHY's BUTTON scapula. M., Subclavian, a murmur heard over the subclavian arteries; it is not uncommon in pul- monary tuberculosis. M., Systolic, a murmur heard during the systole of the heart. M., Tracheal, a coarse respiratory murmur heard over the trachea. M., Tri- cuspid, a murmur produced at the tricuspid valve. M., Uterine, M., Utero-placental. See Souffle, Oterine. M., Valvular, a heart-murmur due to some change in a valve. M., Vascular, a hemic murmur heard in the blood-vessels. M., Venous, the hum heard in the veins of the neck, especially in anemia. See Bruit de diable. M., Vesicular. See Vesicular. Murphy’s Button. A mechanical device for coap- tating the visceral surfaces in the performance of cir- cular enterorrhaphy, as well as the various intestinal an- astomoses. It consists of two brass buttons or plates, each with a peripheral collar and a central hollow stem, the hollow stem of one being slightly smaller than the other, so that it will readly slip within. These buttons may be of various sizes, from three-quarters to one and a quarter inches in diameter, and with central openings of from one-quarter to one-half an inch. In making an anastomosis or enterorrhaphy, a puckering or retaining suture is passed through all the coats around each opening, and after the shoulder of half the button is pushed through each of the openings the suture is drawn taut, so as to prevent the viscus receding from the button. Then the operation is com- pleted by pressing the two halves together, a device on the smaller stem retaining the buttons in apposition. In a few days the buttons will be liberated by pressure- necrosis and carried down the intestinal canal by the natural peristalsis. M.'s Method. See Operations, Table of. `-- Murr, Murrain (mur, mur/-än) [ME., murrin, mur- rain]. Any fatal epizoötic disease of cattle and sheep; also a synonym of foot-and-mouth disease. Murray's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. Murraya (mur/-a-ah) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish botanist]. A genus of dicotyledonous trees. M. exotica, Chinese box, yields a perfume and a bitter extract, murrayin. Murrayetin (mur-a-et/-īn) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish botanist], C, HisOs + VAH,O. A gluco- sid obtained from murrayin by the action of dilute acids. Murrayin (mur/-a-in) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish botanist], CisBI2,Olo. A glucosid obtained from Murraya exotica. - Mururé (mu-ru-ra/) [Braz.]. The name given by the natives to a Brazilian tree, the botanic source of which is unknown. The bark presents a brick-red color, with darker patches on the outer surface; internally it is fibrous, grayish and rather hard. Upon incision a red- dish, syrupy liquid exudes, which is of acid reaction, I—IOO density, and is called Pegetable mercury. Physi- ologic investigations show the liquid to be poisonous, injections of the neutralized juice having caused death in various animals. Musa (mu/-zah) [Ar., mºize, banana]. monocotyledonous plants. M. paradisiaca, the plantain, 7. v. M. sapientum, the banana, Q. v. Musca (mus/-kah) [uvia, a fly]. A genus of flies. M. hispaniola. See Cantharis, Muscae (mus'-ke) [L.]. Plural of Musca. M., Ento- hyaloid. See M. politantes. M. volitantes [Fr., Mouches volantes], floating spots, or imperfections in the field of vision due to shadows of vitreous cells. Muscardine (mus'-kahr-din) [Fr., a peculiar fungus]. See Musæardine. - Muscariform (mus-kar/-iform) [muscarium, fly-brush; musca, a fly; forma, form]. In biology, brush-shaped. A genus of 793 MUSCLE Muscarin (mus/-kar-in), [muscarium, a fly-brush], C. His NO,. . An oxycholin found in fly agaric. It is formed by oxidizing cholin with HNO3. It is a pow- erful respiratory and cardiac depressant, producing myosis, intestinal spasm, dyspnea, and death. Its action may be antagonized by Subsequent injection of atropin. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. M. nitras. Dose gr. rho hypodermatically. Unof. Muscle (mus'-l) [musculus, a muscle]. An aggrega- tion of tissues, of which muscular tissue is the most important, having the property of contracting and of returning to its original shape. Muscles provide the means of movement in animals, and are of two kinds, the striped and smooth, striated and unstriated, the first being voluntary, the second involuntary, i. e., not as a rule subject to the will. See Table of Muscles, p. 795. M. of Accommo- dation, the ciliary muscle. Ms. of Animal Life, Striped, Striated or Voluntary Ms., those under the control of the will ; they are composed of fas- ciculi of fibers enclosed in a delicate tissue called the internal perimysium. M.-beater, in massage, an instrument used for flagellation. See Percus- sion. M.-bundle, a group of muscle-fibers enclosed in an investing membrane. M., Cardiac, the mus- cular substance of the heart. M.-case, a mem- branous sac enclosing one of the muscle-compart- ments of a fiber of muscular tissue. M.-casket, a muscle-compartment. M.-cell. See Myocyte. M., Circular, a muscle surrounding circular openings; a sphincter. M.-clot, the clot formed in the coagulation of muscle-plasm. M.-column, a bundle of muscular fibrils in a muscle-fiber. M.-com- ma. See Myocomma. M.-compartment, one of the divisions of a muscle-fiber produced by the ex- tension of Krause’s membrane from the sarcolemma. M.-corpuscle, a muscle-nucleus. M.-curve, the tracing of a myograph. M., Demipenniform, a muscle with a tendinous portion extending throughout the whole length of its free margin. M.-disc, one of the superimposed discs of a muscle-prism. The same parts were designated by Rollet “chief sub- stance discs.” M.-enzyme, a ferment existing in the muscles, retaining its activity until heated to IOOº F. It is not identical with fibrin-ferment. Ms., Extrinsic (of the eye), the recti, oblique, levator palpebrae, and orbicularis palpebrarum muscles. Ms., Extrinsic (of the ſarynx), the omo-hyoid and sterno-hyoid, the sterno-thyroid, superior, inferior and middle constrictors of the pharynx, the supra. hyoid. M., Extrinsic (of the ſongue), the hyo- glossus, chondro-glossus, genio-hyo-glossus, palato. glossus, and stylo-glossus, and part of the superior pharyngeal constrictor. M.-ferment. See A/.- enzyme. M., Fusiform, a spindle-shaped muscle with a large belly and a narrow origin and insertion. Ms., Hamstring, a name given to the biceps, semi-mem- branosus, and semi-tendinosus muscles. M., Heart, occupies an intermediate position between the spindle- shaped, non-striated involuntary cell and the striped voluntary fiber. It has no sarcolemnia, its striae are fainter, the muscle-nuclei are situated within the sar- cous substance, and the contractile fibrillae are peculiarly disposed. The peripheral fibrillae are arranged in a ra. diating manner, the central portion being occupied by prismatic bundles of fibrillae, nuclei, and sarcoplasm. Cardiac muscle-fibers differ in yet another point from ordinary striped muscular tissue—they branch and an- astomose with each other. M., Hollow, that surround- ing a cavity. M., Inflected, one that passes over a pulley. M., Intrinsic, a muscle confined to a part or organ. M., Involuntary, one not under the control MUSCLE T94 of the will, as the non-striated muscles. They vary from 75–225 m in length, and from 4–8 u in width. The cells are surrounded by a delicate hyaline sheath, and possess a rod-shaped nucleus. See AZ, Un- striped. M.-juice. Same as M.-plasma. Ms. of Mas- tication, the masseters, temporals, and external and internal pterygoid muscles. M., Non-striated, one composed of spindle-shaped involuntary muscle-fibers. M.-nucleus, the nucleus of a muscle-fiber. M., Organic. See Involuntary. Ms. of Organic Life, Unstriped or Involuntary Ms., those composed of Spindle-shaped, contractile fibers and nucleated cells collected in bundles. A table arranged alphabet- ically is appended, showing the principal muscles of the human body, with their origin, insertion, innerva- tion, and function. M., Papillary, the muscular emi- nences in the ventricles of the heart, from which the chordae tendineae arise. M., Pennate, M., Penni- form, a muscle with a central axis, from which the fibers radiate on each side. , M., Perforated (of Cas- serius). See AZ., Coraco-brachialis, in Zable. M., Peripenial, a layer of involuntary muscle beneath the skin of the penis. M.-plasma, a liquid obtained from tº-3- É # # ºgº º º wº- ºi#H# # É f º: •ººm, 5 É §§ §§ g #; ſº &Eº ; # § # # # É WA º #; Bº: -->É § § \\ \#5 ; ; tº: #É ºtº#- E: É A. Striped muscle of frog, sarcolemma raised in the form of a bleb. B. Ruptured fiber with sarcolennma. C. Fiber rup- tured by a hair. D. Effect of acetic acid on a muscle fiber. E. Muscle-discs. (Stirling.) fresh muscle by expression, preferably after freezing. Its coagulation is the essential condition of rigor mortis, and is comparable to the coagulation of blood. The solid proteid thus separated is called myosin. Two of its proteids, paramyosinogen and myosinogen, go to form the clot, while the other three, myoglobulin, al- bumin, and myoalbuminose, remain in the muscle- serum. M.-plate. See /l/yocomma, and Myotome. M.-prism, a muscle-rod. M.-reading, the detection of a person's thoughts and emotions by the in- voluntary action of his muscles. Ms. of Respiration, those involved in the ordinary processes of breathing. Those concerned in inspiration are the diaphragm, the intercostals and the long and short elevators. Other muscles, including the trapezius, scaleni and pectoralis minor, are brought into play during forced inspiration. Ordinary expiration is non-muscular, the act being a purely passive one; forced expiration, however, brings into play most of the abdominal MUSCOID muscles. M.-rod, one of the ultimate divisions of the dim band of a muscle-compartment. M.-serum, the liquid residue left after the separation of the clot by coagulation of muscle-plasma. M., Skeletal, any one of those muscles attached to and acting on the skeleton. M.-sound, the sound produced by the ISOLATED SMoot H MUSCULAR FIBERs. Nitric acid. X 300. (Stirling.) contraction of a muscle. M.-spindle, structures described by Kühne and considered by Kirschner as special sensory nerve-endings, and by Kölliker to be transient developmental structures connected with the cleavage of the muscle-fibers (Piersol). M., Stalk, a differentiation of the ectoplasm of the Vorticel/a, which, in contracting, rolls the stalk up spirally. M., Striated, a muscle constituted of striped muscle-fibers. M., Striped. Same as M., Striated. M.-sugar. See Anosite. M., Tailor’s. Synonym of the sartorius mus- cle. See Table. M.-telegraph, an apparatus arranged by DuBois-Reymond especially for replacing the myo- graph in experiments during lectures. The muscle is MUscular FIBERs of THE HUMAN HEART. (Stirling.) fixed in a vise ; its other end is connected by a hook with a thread running over a reel. The reel supports a long indicating hand to which a colored disc is at- tached. The muscle, in shortening, turns the wheel and liſts the disc, which is easily seen from a consid- erable distance. A second thread, slung over the reel, supports a brass vessel, which may be filled with shot, so as to apply any desired weight to the muscle. M.-tumor, a myoma, Q. v. M., Unstriated, M., Unstriped. See M., AWon-striated. M., Visceral, any one of the muscles connected with the viscera ; they are not under the command of the will. M., Voluntary. See M., Striped. ' Muscoid (mus/-Aoid) [muscus, moss; eiðog, like]. Moss-like. MUSCLES 795 TABLE OF MUSCLES (ARRANGED MUSCLES ALPHABETICALLY). NAME. ORIGIN. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. * Abductor hallucis. INSERTION. l Outer head of os calcis, plan-' Inner portion of lower tar fascia, intermuscular septum ; inner head, in- ternal annular ligament, and tendon of tibialis posticus. **-J surface of base of great toe and inner side of internal ses a moid bone. Internal plantar divi- sign of posterior tibial nerve. Flexes and abducts first phalanx of great toe. Abductor longus polli- cis. See Eartensor ossis meta- --~~ carpºlicis. "< Abductor minimi digiti IIlalīlllS, Pisiform bone. First phalanx of the little finger. Ulnar. Abducts little finger. Abductor minimi digiti pedis. Outer tuberosity of the os calcis and plantar fascia. First phalanx of the little toe. External plantar. Abducts little toe. Abductor ossis metatar- si quinti. - Outer tubercle of calca- Ileum. Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal bone. External plantar. Abducts little toe. Abductor pollicis 1113. Il Uls. Trapezium, scaphoid, an- nular ligament, palmar fascia. First phalanx of thumb. Median. Abducts and flexes first phalanx of thumb. Abductor pollicis pedis. Inner tuberosity of the os calcis. First phalanx of great toe. Internal plantar. Abducts great toe. Accelerator urinae. Central tendon of peri- neum and median raphe. Bulb, spongy and cav- ernous parts of penis. Perineal. Ejects urine. Accessorius ad accesso- Tl Ul Iſle See Flexor accessorius longtas digitorum pedis. Accessorius ad flexorum profundum. Internal condyle and coro- noid process of humerus. Into the perforating ten- dons of the flexor pro- funda. Ulnar and anterior in- terOSSeOuS. Assists in flexing fingers. Accessorius orbicularis inferioris. • ‘S e Inferior maxilla, external to levator labii inferioris. At angle of mouth, join- ing buccinator and other muscles. Accessorius orbicularis superioris. Alveolar border of supe- rior maxilla opposite incisor teeth. Angle of mouth ; con- tinuous with other muscles inserted at this point. Accessorius tricipites. See Dorso-epitrochlearis. Accessory a b d om in al oblique. Between the two oblique muscles from the 9th, Ioth, or IIth rib. Crest of ilium. Intercostal, ilio-hypo- gastric, ilio-inguinal. Assists in flexing thorax. Accessory gluteus mini- 1IllS. Outer surface of the ilium. Anterior border of the great trochanter. Superior gluteal. Assists gluteus minimus. Angles of 7th to 11th ribs and back of last rib. Transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra, tubercle of Ist rib. An- gles of 2d to 5th ribs. External branches of posterior divisions of lumbar nerves. Extension of 1 u m bar spines on pelvis. Accessory to the ilio- costal. Accessory almar ab- ductor indicis (anoma- lous). Third metacarpal bone. Base of first phalanx of index finger. Accessory popliteus (an- omalous). Usually from a sesamoid bone on the posterior surface of lower end of femur, With the popliteus. Internal popliteal. Assists in flexing leg. Adductor brevis. Ramus of pubes. Upper part of the linea aspera of femur. Obturator. Adducts, rotates exter- - nally, and flexes thigh. Adductor hallucis. Tarsal ends of the three middle metatarsal bones, Base of the first phalanx of great toe. External plantar. Adducts great toe. Adductor longus. Front of pubes. Middle of linea aspera of femur. Obturator. Adducts, rotates out- ward, and flexes thigh. Adductor magnus, Rami of pubes and ischi- um. All of the linea aspera of femur. Obturator and great sciatic. Adducts thigh and ro- tates it outward. Adductor minimus. A name given to the upper portion of the adductor magnus. Adductor pollicis. Third metacarpal. First phalanx of thumb, Ulnar. Draws thumb to median line. MUSCLES 796 MUSCLES MUSCLES. MUSCLES OF SUPRA-HYorD AND INFRA-HYOID REGIONS. ///#/. I. Posterior belly of digastric. 2. Stylo-hyoid. #. Anterior zº/, … * * * ****ºffs º Of §§ 4. 3. and R. ºldigº F • T 5. Anterior belly of right digastric. 6. Mylo-hyoid. 7. Hyo- MUSCLES OF THE FACE AND NECK. glossus., 8: Sternal fibers of right sterno-mastoid. 9. Sternal z. Frontal muscle. 2. Occipital muscle, 3, 3: Epicranial apo- fibers of left sterno-mastoid. Io. Sterno-hyoid, 11. Tendon neurosis. . 4. Temporal muscle. 5. Retrahens aurem, 6. of Omo-hyoid. I2. Thyro-hyoid. 13, Sterno-thyroid. 14. In- Orbicularis palpebrarum. 7. Levator labii superioris et ferior constrictor of pharynx. 15. Trachea. 16. Esophagus. alaeque nasi. 8. Dilator, naris. 9. Compressor naris. 9". I7. Rectus capitis anticus major. 18. , Longus colli. 19. Pyramidalis nasi. Io. Zygomatic minor. II. Zygomatic Scalenus anticus. 20, 20. Scalenus posticus. 21, 21. Leva- major. 12. Masseter. 13: Levator anguli oris. I4. Levator tor anguli scapulae. 22. Splenius capitis. 23, 23. Splenius labii superioris. ... 15. Orbicularis oris. 16, Buccinator. 16'. colli, 24. Trapezius. 25. Attachment of sterno-mastoid. Depressor, anguli oris. 17. Depressor labii inferioris. , 18. 26. Retrahens aurem. 27. Occipital portion of occipito- Levator labii inferioris. , 19. Sterno-mastoid. 20, Trapezius. frontal. 28. Deltoid. 29. Attachment of pectorales majores 21, Digastric, and stylo-hyoid. ... 22. Anterior belly of digas- to sternum. 30. External intercostal. 31. Internal inter- tric. 23. Pulley for tendon of digastric, 24, 24. Omo-hyoid. costal. 25. Sterno-hyoid. 26. Thyro-hyoid. 27. Mylo-hyoid. 28. Splenius capitis. , 29. Splenius colli, 30. Levator anguli scapulae. 31. Scalenus posticus. 32. Scalenus anticus. MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE. SUPERFICIAL LAYER. I. Stylo-glossus. 2. In ſerior fibers of stylo-glossus. 3. Ante- rior fibers of hyo-glossus or basio-glossus. 4. Posterior fibers, MUSCLES OF THE EYE. 5. Accessory fibers. 6. Genio-hyoid. 7. Genio-glossus. 8. J. Tendon of Zinn. 2. External rectus divided. 3. Internal In ſerior lingual. 9. Palato-glossus. . Io, Upper portion of rectus. 4. Inferior rectus. 5. Superior rectus. 6. Superior Pharyngo-grossus (ſrom superior constrictor of pharynx), oblique. 7. Pulley for superior oblique, 8. Inferior oblique. II, II. Inferior portion. I2, 12. Middle constrictor of pha- 9. Levator palpebrae superioris. Io, Io. Its anterior expan- rynx. 13. Stylo-pharyngeus. 14. Stylo-hyoid ligament and sion. I I. Optic nerve. stylo-hyoid muscle. MUSCLES MUSCLES guS rior auricular. 797 . TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Adductor quadratus. See Adductor minimus. Adjutor splenii. See Rhombo-atloid. Agitator caudae. A name given to the lower The femur or femoral * edge of the gluteus maxi- aponeurosis. - IIlliS. Amygdalo-glossus. Pharyngeal, aponeurosis Continuous with the Aids the stylo-glossus in - govering the outer sur- | palato-glossus. raising the margin of face of the tonsil. the tongue, rendering the dorsum concave. Anconeus. Back of external condyle | Olecranon process and Musculo-spiral. Extends forearm. of humerus. shaft of ulna. - Antitragicus. Outer surface of antitra- | Caudate process. - Temporal and poste- Arrectores pili. | Pars papillaris of the skin. Hair-follicles. Sympathetic. Elevate the hairs of the skin. Ary ten Q-epiglottideus inferioris. Arytenoid (anteriorly). Epiglottis. Recurrent laryngeal. Compresses saccule of larynx. A ryte no-epiglottideus Superioris. Apex of arytenoid car- tilage. * Aryteno - epiglottidean folds. Recurrent laryngeal. Constricts aperture of larynx. iº Arytenoideus. " Posterior and outer border of one arytenoid. Back of other arytenoid. Superior and recur- rent laryngeal. Closes back part of glot- tis. Attollens aurem. Occipito-frontalis aponeu- Pinna. Temporal branch of Elevates pinna. rosis. facial. Attrahens aurem. Lateral cranial aponeuro- Helix. Facial. Advances pinna. Azygos pharyngis (occa- Pharyngeal tubercle of Raphe of pharynx. G loss o-pharyngeal, Blends with superior sional). body of occiput. pharyngeal plexus. COnStrictor. Azygos uvulae. Posterior nasal spine of Uvula. Facial through spheno- Raises uvula. palate bone. palatine ganglion. Basio-glossus. The fibers of the hyo-glos- sus arising from the hyoid bone. See Hyo- glosszts. Biceps. I. Ilong—Glenoid cavity. Tuberosity of radius. Musculo-cutaneous. Flexes and supinates 2. Short—Coracoid pro- forearm. CeSS. Biceps femoris. I. Ischial tuberosity. 2. Linea aspera. Head of fibula and outer tuberosity of head of fibula. . Great sciatic and ex- ternal popliteal. Flexes and rotates leg outward. Biventer cervicis. Transverse processes, 2–4 upper dorsal. Superior curved line of occipital bone. Portion of complexus. Ret r a cts and rotates head. Bowman's. See Ciliary. Brachialis anticus. Lower half of the shaft of humerus. Coronoid process of ulna. Musculo-cut a n e o us, musculo-spiral. Flexes forearm. Brachio-capsularis. See Subscapularis. Brachio-radialis. See Supinator long-us. Brücke's. See Ciliary. Buccinator. Alveolar process of max- illary bones and pterygo- maxillary ligament. Orbicularis oris. Facial, buccal branch. Compresses cheeks, re- tracts angle of mouth. Bulbo-cavernous. See Accelerator urinae. Cephalo-humeral. See Cleido-occipital. Cephalo-pharyngeus, See Con strict or of pharynar, superior, Cervicalis ascendens. Angles of 5 upper ribs. Transverse processes of 4th, 5th, and 6th cer- vical vertebrae. Branches of cervical. Keeps head erect. Chondro-coracoid (an- omalous). First costal cartilage. Coracoid process, super- ficial to the coraco- brachialis. MUSCLES |// % %Z? f | º %%Ż ſº 5 | # % % % # % º º THE STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOID MUSCLE. MUSCLES OF THE SUPRA-HYOl D AND INFRA-HYoi D REGIONS. I. Anterior belly of digastric. 2. Posterior belly. 3. Tendon and pulley for tendon. 4. Stylo-hyoid. 5. Mylo-hyoid. 6. Hyo-glossus. 7. Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 8. Anterior or sternal portion. 9. Posterior or clavicular portion. Io. Left sterno-hyoid. II. Right sterno-hyoid. 12, 12. Omo-hyoid. 13. Thyro-hyoid. I4, 14. Sterno-thyroid. 15. Anterior portion of inferior constrictor of pharynx. 16. Occipital muscle. 17, 17. Retrahens aurenn. 18. Trapezius. 19. Splenius capitis. 20. Splenius colli. 21. Levator anguli scapulae. MUSCLES OF THE VELUM PALATI. 22. Scalenus posticus. 23. Scalenus anticus. 24. Superior A. Cartilaginous portion of Eustachian tube. B. Posterior portion of deltoid. 25. Superior portion of pectoralis major. orifice of nasal ſossa. C. Velum palati. D. Uvula. E. Pos- 26. Inferior and anterior portion of right platysma myoides. terior pillar of velum palati, F. Tonsil. G, G. Posterior 27. Depressor anguli oris. 28. Depressor labii inferioris. wall of pharynx, divided in the median line. H. Base of 29. Masseter. 30. Buccinator. tongue. I. Epiglottis. K. Leſt lateral prolongation of epi- glottis. I. Entrance to larynx. M. Thyroid cartilage. N. Posterior wall of larynx. O. Group of racemose glands. P. Upper part of esophagus. I. Azygos uvulae. 2. Levator palati. 3, 3. Palato-pharyngeus. 4. External accessory fasciculus. 5. Internal ac- cessory fasciculus. 6. Fibers arising from the median portion of the velum palati and terminating in the palato- pharyngeus. 7. Internal fibers of the palato-pharyngeus. 8. Middle and ex- ternal fibers. 9. Anterior fibers of stylo- pharyngeus. Io. Superior constrictor of pharynx. I. External abdominal ring. 2, Exter- nal pillar. 3, 3. Internal pillar. 4, 4. Gimbernat's ligament. 5, 5. Its at- tachment. 6. Intercolumnar fibers. 7. Linea alba. 8. Symphysis pubis. 9. Spermatic cord. Io. Crural arch. II, II. Cribriform fascia. 12. Internal 9 § 6, 2 42 saphenous vein. INFERIOR PORTION OF THE ABDOMINAL APONEUROSIS. MUSCLES 799 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Ch on dro-e pitrochle- aris (anomalous). Cartilages of one or two ribs (7th) or from aponeu- rosis of external oblique. Fascia on inner side of arm, or internal con- dyle of humerus. Chondro-glossus. See Hyo-glossus. Choroid. See Ciliary. Ciliary. Long it u d in a 1-portion | Outer layers of choroid. Ciliary. The muscle of visual (Brücke's m.), junction of accommodation. cornea and sclera; cir- cular, portion (Müller's m.), fibers form a circle. Circumflex palati. See Tensor palati. Cleido-cervicalis (a n - | Transverse process of 6th Outer end of clavicle. A supernumerary scalene oma/ozas). cervical vertebra. - muscle. Cleido-epitrochlearis. Clavicular portion of del- Internal cond y le of - toid. humerus. Cleido-hyoid (anomal- Clavicle near outer border | Body of hyoid. Hypoglossal. Depresses hyoid. ous). of sterno-hyoid. Cleido-occipitalis (an - C1 a v i cle, posterior to Superior nuchal line of omalous). sterno-mastoid. occiput. Coccygeus. Ischial spine. Coccyx, s a crum, and Sacral. Supports coccyx, a n d sacro-coccygeal liga- closes pelvic outlet. ment. Complexus. Transverse processes 7th Occipital bone. Sub-occipital, great R et racts and rotates cervical and 6 upper dor- sal, and articular proces- ses of 3d to 6th cervical. occipital, and bran- ches of cervical. hea compress or hemi- sphericum bulbi. A name given to that part of the bulbo-cavernosus which covers the most Pºinent part of the DUll D, Compressor narium. Nasal aponeurosis. Fellow muscle and Facial. Dilates nostril. canine fossa. Compressor n arium || Alar cartilage. Skin at end of nose. Facial. Dilates nostril. Ill I Il OI". Compressor sac culi laryngis. Fibers of the aryteno-epi- glottideus. Recurrent laryngeal. Compressor of saccule of larynx. Compressor urethrae. Ramus of pubes. Fellow muscle. Perineal. Compresses membran- - ous urethra. Compressor vaginae. . . The analogue of the two Perineal. Compressor of vaginae. f (superior). pterygo-max. lig., jaw and side of tongue. and pharyngeal plex- UIS. bulbo-cavernosi of the male. Compressor venae dor- | Fibers of the ischio-caver- Fascial sheath of penis, Compressor of dorsal Salis penis. f] OSUIS. over dorsal vessels. vein. Constrictor isthmi fau- See Palato-glossus. cium. Constrictor of pharynx | Cricoid and thyroid carti- || Pharyngeal raphe. G loss o-pharyngeal, C on tracts caliber of (inferior). lages. pharyngeal plex us pharynx. * and external laryn- geal. Constrictor of pharynx . Cornua of hyoid and stylo- Pharyngeal raphe. Glosso-ph a ryngeal || C on tracts caliber o (middle). hyoid ligament, and pharynge a l pharynx. plexus. Constrictor of pharynx Internal pterygoid plate, Pharyngeal raphe. Glosso-ph a ryngeal C on tracts caliber of pharynx, Constrictor urethrae, See Compressor urethrae. Constrictor vaginae. See Compressor vaginar. Coraco-brachialis. Coracoid process of scap- Ullà. Inner surface of shaft of humerus. Musculo-cutaneous. Adducts and flexes arm, Coraco-brachialis supe- rior vel brevis. See Rotator humeri. MUSCLES 800 MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL AND MIDDLE MUSCU- LAR LAYERS OF THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE TRUNK. I, I. Trapezius. 2. Latissimus dorsi. 3, 3. Lumbo-sacral aponeurosis. 4, 4. Portion of this aponeurosis to which latissimus dorsi is attached. 5. Fasciculus by which latissimus dorsi is attached to crest of ilium. 6. External border of latissimus dorsi. 7. Teres major. 8. Superior border of latissimus dorsi, curving around teres ". 9. Rhomboid- eus major. Io. Rhomboideus minor. II. Superior border of serratus pos- ticus superioris. I2, 12, 12. Fasciculi of Serratus posticus inferioris. 13. Sterno-mastoid. I4. Splenius. 15. Levator anguli scapulae. I6. Infra- spinatus. I7. Teres minor. 18. Teres major. 19. Divided latissi- mus dorsi. 20. Fasciculus of latis- simus dorsi, arising from angle of scapuli. 21. Inferior portion of serratus magnus. 22, 22. Lower portion of internal oblique. 23. Posterior aponeurosis of internal oblique. 24. Gluteus maximus. 25. Divided gluteus maximus. 26. Glu- teus medius. 27. Pyramidalis. 28. Tendon of obturator internus and gemelli. 29. Quadratus femoris. 3o. Sacro-lumbalis and longissimus dorsi. 31. Deltoid. 32. Triceps. AND TRANSVERSALIS A BDOMINIS MUSCLES. I, I. Rectus abdominis, 2, 2. Internal oblique. 3, 3. Anterior leaflet of aponeurosis of internal oblique. * : * * * * * * **** 4, 4. Divided external oblique. 5, 5. Spermatic cords. DIAPHRAGM, INFERIOR ASPECT. 6, 6. Inferior portion of aponeurosis of external ob- f. Middle or anterior leaflet of central tendon. 2. Right leaflet. 3. Left lique. 7. Lower portion of left rectus abdominis: leaflet. 4. Right crus. 5. Left crus. 6, 6. Intervals for phrenic nerves. upper portion removed. 8, 8. Muscular portion of 7. Muscular fibers from which the ligamenta arcuata originate. , 8, 8. transversalis abdominis. o. Aponeurotic portion. Muscular fibers that arise from inner surface of six lower ribs. 9. Fibers Io. Umbilicus. II. Supra-umbilical portion of linea that arise from ensiform cartilage. 10. Opening for inferior vena cava. alba. 12. Infra-umbilical portion. , 13. Serratus mag- 11. Opening for esophagus. 12. Aortic opening. 13, 13. Upper portion nus. 14. Divided right latissimus dorsi. 15. Divided of transversalis abdominis, turned upward and outward. I4. Anterior left latissimus dorsi. 16. Divided serratus magnus. leaflet of transversalis aponeurosis. 15, 15. Quadratus lumborum. 16, 17, 17. External intercostals. 18, 18. Femoral apon- 16. Psoas magnus, 17. Third lumbar vertebra. eurosis. 19. Divided internal oblique. INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES rior of anus. opposite side of anus. Sympathetic. 801 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Cozzzzzzzzed. Name. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Coraco-capsularis. Coracoid process. Below lesser tuberosity (A name applied to the - of humerus, or in to upper portion of the capsule of shoulder- coraco-brachialis). joint. Corrugator cutis ani. Submucous tissue on inte- | Subcutaneous tissue on Corrugates skin about 3.11 llS. Corrugator supercilii. Superciliary ridge of fron- Orb icular is palpe- Facial. Draws eyebrow down- tal bone. - - brarum. ward and inward. Costo-fascialis (anomal- Outer border of sterno- Sheath of carotid ves- otes). . thyroid muscle. sels. Crampton's. See Ciliary. Cremaster. tºpº. and deep surface sp. and crest of pubic Genital branch of Elevates testicle. - of middle of Poupart's one and fascia pro- genito-crural. ligament. pria. Cremaster, internal, of eIl 162. Fibers of the gubernac- ulum testis. Elements of spermatic COICl. Crico-arytenoideus lat- eralis. Side of cricoid cartilage. Angle and external sur- face of arytenoid. Recurrent laryngeal. Closes glottis. Crico-ary te no i de us posticus. . Back of cricoid cartilage. Base of ary tenoid carti- lage. Recurrent laryngeal. Opens glottis. Crico-hyoid (a no m a l- ous). Lower border of side of cricoid cartilage. Lower border of hyoid bone. Crico-thyroid. Cricoid cartilage. Thyroid cartilage (lower inner border). Superior laryngeal. Makes vocal bands tense. Crureus. See Vastus internzas. Curvator coccygis (an- omalous). Anterior_surface fifth seg- ment of sacrum. Anterior surface of coccyx. Incurvates coccyx. Deltoid. Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula. Shaft of humerus. Circumflex. Abducts humerus. Depressor alae nasi. Incisive fossa of superior maxillary bone. - Septum and ala of nose. Facial, buccal branch. Contracts nostril. Depressor anguli oris. External oblique line of inferior maxillary bone. Angle of mouth. Facial, supra-maxil- lary branch. De presses angle of mouth. Depressor epiglottidis. Those fibers of the thyro- epiglottideus that are continued forward to the margin of the epiglot- tiS. Depressor labii inſeri- OTIS. External oblique line of the inferior maxillary bone. Lower lip. Facial, supra-maxil- lary branch. Depresses lip. Depressor thyroid e a (anomalous). Lower border first tracheal ring, near middle line. Lower border of thyroid cartilage. Depresses trachea. Depressor urethrae. ; Ramus of ischium n e a r deep transversus perinei. Fibers of constrictor va- ginae muscle. Detrusor urinae. Front of pubes. Prostate (in male), va- gina (in female). Sympathetic. Compresses bladder. Diaphragm. Ensiform cart., 6 or 7 lower Central tendon. Phrenic and sympa- Respiration and expul- - - ribs, ligamenta arcuata, thetic. sion. bodies of lumbar verteb. Digastric (an terior Inner surface of inferior Hyoid bone. Inferior dental. Elevates h y o id and belly). . m a x ill a ry bone, near tongue. symphysis. Digastric (posterior | Digastric groove of mas- Hyoid bone. Facial. Elevates hyoid and elly). toid process. tongue. Dilator naris anterioris. Alar cartilage. Border of ala of nose. Facial, infraorbital branch. | Dilates nostril. Dilator naris posterioris. Nasal notch of superior maxillary bone. Skin at margin of nos- tril. Facial, infraorbital branch. Dilates nostril. Dorsal interossei, 4. Sides of metacarpal bones. Bases of corresponding phalanges. Ulnar. Abduct fingers from me- dian line. 5I Mi USCLES 802 MUSCLES MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE BODY. I. Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavicular fasciculus. 3. Fasciculus attached to abdominal aponeurosis. 4, 4. External oblique. 5, 5. Serratus magnus. 6, 6, Anterior border of latissimus dorsi. 7. Decussation of tendinous fibers of pectorales ma- jores. 8. Ensiſorm cartilage. 9, 9. Abdominal aponeurosis. Io, Io. Linea alba. I 1. Umbilicus, 12, 12, 12. Tendinous intersections of rec- tus abdominis. 13, 13. External ab- dominal ring. 14. Pyramidalis. 15, 15. External border of rectus ab- dominis. 16. Sterno-hyoid. 17. Omo- hyoid. 18. Sterno-mastoid. 19. Cer- vical portion of trapezius. . 20. Del- toid. 21. Biceps brachialis. 22. Pectineus. 23. Sartorius. 24. Rec- tus femoris. 25. Tensor vaginae femoris, § i -- -ſºE. M. * * * * | MºW 7 ) | Øſ. |S SSN A\tº\º 12 Psoas, IL1Ac, QUADRATUs LUMBORUM, AND TRANSVER- SALIS MUSCLES. I. Psoas parvus. 2. Its divided tendon. 3. Psoas nuagnus. 4. Its attachment to 12th dorsal vertebra. 5, 5, 5, 5. Its MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THORAx. attachment to bodies of first four lumbar vertebrae. 6. Its 1. Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavicular portion. 3. Its sterno-costal tendon of attachment to lesser trochanter. 7, 7. Iliac portion. tºº attachment, ºiled sº º *Pward muscle, 8,8. Inferior and external fibers of iliac muscle. 5, 5, 5. Its fasciculi of attachment to ribs, 6. ectoralis minor. 7. * º * º t Šubclavius. & Deltoid. 3 inferior border of pectoralis minor. Io. 9, 9. Rectus femoris. Io, Io. Obturator externus I I Digitations of serratus magnus. , 11. Corresponding digitations of Quadratus lumborum. 12, 12, 12, 12. Posterior portion of i. Fº I 2, '. ń. boilerºs *ś Its quadratus lumborum. 13. External portion. I4. Trans- tendon of attachment to humerus. 14. Teres major. 15. Subscapu- º e - s: Il in- to & iaris, 16. Long head of triceps. 17."lower pºrtion of icitoid. 18, versalis abdominis. 15. Ilio-lumbar ligamett. 16. Crura 18. Sterno-mastoid. 19. Lower portion of sterno-hyoid. 20. Trapezius, of diaphragm. MO 1 || MUSCLES 803 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES. – Corzązzzzed. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Dorsal interossei, 4. | Sides of metatarsal bones. Base of first phalanx of corresponding toe. External plantar. Abduct toes. D or so - epitrochlearis (anomalous). Tendon of 1 at is simus OTS1. Long head of triceps, or fascia of arm. Aids in climbing. Epitrochleo-anc one us (anomalous). Back of internal condyles of humerus. Inner side of olecranon. Erector clitoridis. Tuberosity of ischium. Each side of crus of cli- toriS. Erects clitoris. Erector penis. Ischial tuberosity, crus penis, and pubic ramus. Tunica albuginea of cor- pus cavernosum. Perineal. To maintain erection. Erector pili. See Arrectores pili. Erector spinae. Iliac crest, back of sacrum, lumbar, and three lower dorsal spines. Divides into sacro-lum- balis, longissimus dor- si, and spinalis dorsi. Lumb a r n erves, posterior division. Extension of 1 umb a r spines on pelvis. Extensor a n n u lar is (anomalous). Posterior surface of shaft of ulna. Tendon of ring-finger. Extensor brevis digito- I'll n.) 11:12 IT UlS Mozas). (a nom a - | Ligamentous tissues on back of carpus. Tendons of third, fourth, and fifth fingers. Extensor brevis digito- rum pedis. Os calcis, externally. First phalanx of great toe and tendons of ex- tensor longus. Anterior tibial. Extends toes. Extensor brevis hallu- cis. A name applied to that pººn of the extensor revis digitorum that goes to the great toe. Extensor brevis pollicis. See Eartensor primi inter modii pollicis. Extensor carpi radialis accessorius (a nom a - lous). Shaft of humerus. M et a car p a l bone of thumb. Extensor carpi radialis brevior. of humerus. External condyloid ridge Base second and third metacarpal. ' Posterior interosseous. Extends wrist. Extensor carpi radialis longior. Lower % external condy- loid ridge of humerus Base of second meta- carpal. Musculo-spiral. * Extensor carpi ulnaris. rst head, external condyle of humerus. 2d h e a d, posterior border of ulna. Base of fifth metacarpal. Posterior interosseous. Extends wrist. Extends wrist. Extensor coccygis. Last bone of sacrum or first of coccyx. Lower part of coccyx. Sacral branches. | Extends coccyx. Extensor comm u n is digitorum. External condyle of hu- merus. - All of the second and third phalanges. t Posterior interosseous. Extends fingers. Fºxtensor hallucis lo n - gus tricaudatus. The name sometimes ap- plied to the extensor pro- prius hallucis, when its tendon is divided into three portions. Extensor indicis. Back of ulna. Second and third pha- langes of index finger. Posterior interosseous. Extends index. Extensor longus digito- rum pedis. . Extensor longus polli- cis. Outer tuberosity of tibia and shaft of fibula. See Eartensor secundi in Second and third pha- langes of toes. termodii pollicis. Anterior tibial. Extends toes. Extensor medii digiti (anomalous). - Back of shaft of ulna. Tendon of common ex- tensor, Extensor minimi digiti. External condyle of hu- nlérus. Second and third pha- langes of little finger. Poster i or interos- seous. Extensor of little finger, Back of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane. Extensor ossis meta- carpi pollicis. Base of metacarpal of thumb and fascia. Post er i or interos- SeOllS. Extends thumb. Extensor ossis, meta- tarsi hallucis (anoma- lous). Fxtensor proprius hallu- cis, or extensor com - munis digitorum, or tibi- alis anticus. Metatarsal bone of hal- ll.x. MUSCLES 804 N. Sºx - ~ §§ §§ SNSSRS$ ** * ºSSº NSSSSSSSSSSSS S$ NSRSRRSN º SNSSNS *N* § SS S E -- - == ----- MUSCLES OF ANAL AND PERINEAL REGION. 1, I. Bulbo-cavernosus muscle (accelerator urinae). 2. Its fibrous raphe. 3. Its anterior termination. 4. Ischio-cavernosus (erector penis) muscle. 5. Tendon of attachment to tuber ischii. 6. Transversus perinei. 7. External sphincter ani. 8. Aponeurotic insertion into apex of coccyx. 9. Attachment to bulbo- cavernous raphe. Io. Fibers of insertion into perineum, divided. II. Upper layer of external sphincter. 12. Internal sphincter. 13. Levator ani. I4. Ob- turator internus. I5. Internal border of gluteus maximus. I. Bulbo-caverno- sus (erector pe- nis) muscle. 2. Muscle of Guth- rie (transversus perinei profun- dus). 3. Super- ficial transverse muscle. 4. Ex- ternal sphincter ani. 5. Levator ani. º MUSCLE OF GUTHRIE. MUSCLES simus dorsi. Scapularis. I2. Brachialis anticus. I3. Long, middle, or scapular head of triceps. 14. Internal or short humeral head. I6. Extensor carpi radialis nator longus. longior. Io. Teres major. BICEPs AND CORAco- BRACHIALIS. I. Biceps. 2. Short head. 3. Long head. 4. Ten- don of insertion into radius. 5. Bicipital fascia. 6. Coraco-bra- chialis. 7, 8. Laminae of tendon of insertion of pectoralis major. 9. Attachment of latis- II. Sub- 15. Supi- I. Bulb of urethra. 2, 2. Muscle of Guthrie (trans- vers us perinei pro fund us). 3. Muscle of Wil- son. 4. Transver- sus perinei super- ficialis. 5. Exter- nal sphincter ani. 6. Levator ani. MUSCLE OF GUTHRIE AND WILSON. MUSCLES 805 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continezzed. sºmº------— Naur ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Extensor m inter- Fibula and interosseous | Inner part of base of first nodii hallucis longus (anomalous). membrane. phalanx of hallux. Extensor primi inter- nodii pollicis, Back of radius. Base of first phalanx of thumb. Poster i or interos- Seoll.S. Extends thumb. Extensor primi inter- nodii pollicis et indicis (anomalous). Between extensor indicis and extensor secundi in- ternodii pollicis. First phalanges of thumb and index finger. Extensor proprius digiti In 111 IIIll. Lower part of ulna, or posterior lig a ment of wrist-joint. Base of first phalanx of little finger. Extensor proprius hal- lucis. Middle of fibula. Base of last phalanx of | great toe. - Anterior tibial. Extends great toe. Extensor secundi inter- nodii pollicis. Back of ulna. Base of last phalanx of thumb. Post eri or interos- Seoul.S. Extends thumb. Flexor accessorius digi- torum pedis (2 heads). I. Inner; 2. Outer surface of os calcis. Tendon of flexor longus digitorum. External plantar. Accessory flexor of toes. Flexor accessorius lon- gus (anomalous). Fascia over flexor longus hallucis. - Sesamoid bone in tendon of peroneus longus. Flexor, accessórius, lon- gus digitorum pedis. Shaft of tibia or fibula. Tubercle of os calcis, and joins tendon of long flexor. External plantar. Assists in flexing toes. Flexor brevis digitorum pedis. Inner tuberosity of os calcis and plantar fascia. Second phalanges of the lesser toes. Internal plantar. Flexes lesser toes. Flexor brevis hallucis. Under surface of cuboid, plantar ligaments, and external cuneiform. Base of first phalanx of great toe. Internal plantar. Flexes and slightly ad- ducts first phalanx of great toe. Flexor brevis minimi digiti manus. Unciform bone and annu- lar ligament. First phalanx of little finger. Ulnar. Flexes little finger. Flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis. Base of fifth metatarsal. Base of first phalanx of little toe. External plantar. Flexes little toe. Flexor brevis pollicis IIlanllS, 2 heads—outer: lower bor- der of anterior annular ligament; ridge of trape- zium ; inner: OS mag- num, and bases of first, second, and third meta- carpal bones. Base of first phalanx of thumb. Outer head—median, palmar branch. In- ner head—deep ul- 1131I. Flexes metacarpal bone of thumb. Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. See Flexor brevis hallucis. Flexor carpi radialis. Internal condyle of hu- || Metacarpal bone of in- || Median. Flexes wrist. In her Uls. dex finger. . Flexor carpi radialis vel Anterior surface of radius, Annular ligam ent or profundus (a no m a- above the pronator quad- trapezium, magnum or lous). ratuS. base of second or third metacarpal bone. Flexor, carpi ulnaris (2 | 1. Internal condyle. 2. 5th metacarpal, annular Ulnar. Flexes wrist. heads). Olecranon and ulna. lig. and pisiform bone. Flexor cruris. See Biceps femoris. Flexor indicis. The name given to the in- dicial portion of the flexor profundus digito- rum, when it is distinct. Flexor longus digit o- rum pedis. Shaft of tibia. Last phalanges of toes. Posterior tibial. Flexes phalanges and ex- tends ankle. Flexor longus hallucis. Lower two-thirds of shaft of fibula. Last phalanx of great toe. Posterior tibial. Flexes great toe. Flexor longus pollicis. Shaſt of radius and coro- noid process of ulna. Last phalanx of thumb. Anterior interosseous. Flexes the phalanx. Flexor, ossis metacarpi pollicis. See Opponens pollicis. Flexor perforatus, See Fearor brevis digito rum pedis. SUPERFICIAL MUscLES OF PAL- I. MUSCLES MAR ASPECT OF FOREARM. Lower portion of biceps. 2. Bicipital fascia. 3. Tendon of insertion into radius. 4, 4. Bra- chialis anticus. 5. Internal head of triceps. 6. Pronator radii teres. 7. Flexor carpi radialis. 8. Palmaris longus. 9. Its termi- nation in palmar ligament. Io. Flexor carpi ulnaris. I 1. Its attachment to pisiform bone. I2. Supinator longus. 13. Its attach- ment to styloid process of radius. 14, 14. Extensor carpi radialis longior. I5. Extensor carpi ra- dialis brevior. 16. Extensor os- sis metacarpi pollicis. 17. Its tendon of insertion into base of first metacarpal bone. 18. Ten- don of extensor secundi inter- nodii pollicis. 19, 19. Flexor sub- limis digitorum. 20, 20. Tendons of this muscle. 21, 21. Their attachment to second phalanges 806 I. Long, middle, or scapular head. 2. Its ten- don of origin from Scapula. 3. External, or long humeral head. 4. Internal, or short humeral head. 5. Common tendon. 6. At- tachment to olecranon. 7. Anconeus. 8, 8. Upper portion of deltoid, posterior half re- moved. 9. Lower portion. Io. Supraspina- tus. II. Infraspinatus. I2. Teres minor, middle portion removed. 13. Insertion of teres minor into humerus. I4. Teres major. 15. Upper extremity of latissimus dorsi. 16 Supinator longus. 17. Extensor carpi radi- alis longior. 18. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 19. Flexor carpi ulnaris. of fingers. 22, 22. Attachment of tendons of flexor profundus digitorum to last phalanges of fingers. 23, 23. Lumbricales. 24. Abductor pollicis, 25. Its insertion into first phalanx of thumb. 26, 26. Flexor longus pollicis. 27. Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 28. Abductor minimi digiti. MUSCLES FLEXOR SUBLIMIS DIGITORUM. I. Flexor sublimis digitorum. 2. Its origin from the epitrochlea. 3. Its origin from coronoid process of ulna. 4, 4. Its aponeurosis of attachment to radius. 5, 5. Superficial tendons, for middle and ring fingers. 6, 6. Deep tendons, for little and index fingers. 7. Flexor longus pollicis. 8. Its ten- don. 9, 9. Bifurcation of tendons of flexor sublimis. Io. Intervals be- tween divisions. 11, 11. Tendons of flexor profundus. 12. Tendon of brachialis anticus. 13. Common ten- don of origin of superficial epitroch- lear muscles. 14. Tendon of biceps. 15. Supinator longus. 16. Its attach- ment to styloid process of radius. 17. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 18, 18. Tendon of attachment of pro- nator radii teres, divided. 19. Ten- don of extensor carpi radialis, 20. Triceps. 21. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 22. Its attachment to pisiform bone. 23. Adductor minimi digiti. 24. Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 25. Ad- ductor brevis pollicis. * MUSCLES 807 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. issertion. - INNERVATION. Function. Flexor profundus digi- shaft of ulna. Las phalanges by four U 1 in a r and anterior Flexes the phalanges. toruni, ten ClOIlS. interosseous. Flexor proprius, digiti | Shaſt of tibia. Base of phalanges of secundi {...} . second toe. Flexor sublimis digito- | 1. Inner condyle. 2. Coro- | Sec on d phalanges by Median. Flexes second phalan- rum (3 heads). noid process. 3. Oblique line of radius. four tendons. ges. Frontalis. See Occipito-ſrontalis. G as trocne m i u s (2 heads). Condyles of femur. o: calcis by tendo Achil- 1S. Internal popliteal. Extends foot. Gavard's. The oblique muscular fibers of the wall of the Stomach. Extern a 1 rotator of Gemellus inferior. Tuberosity of ischium and Great-trochanter. Sacral. lesser sacro-sciatic notch. thigh. Gennellus superior. Ischial spine and lesser sa- Great trochanter. Sacral. Extern a 1 rotator of cro-sciatic notch. thigh. Genio-hyo-glossus. Superior genial tubercle of Hyoid and inferior sur- Hypoglossal. Retracts and protrudes - inferior maxillary bone. face of tongue. tongue. Genio-hyoid. Inferior gen i al tubercle | Body of hyoid. Hypoglossal. Elevates and advances of in ferior maxillary bone. hyoid. Gluteus maximus. Sup, curved iliac line and crest, sacrum, and coccyx. Fascia and femur below great trochanter. Inferior gluteal and sacral plexus. Extends, abducts, and rotates thigh outward. Gluteus medius. Ilium between superior Oblique line of great tro- Superior gluteal. Rotates, abducts, and and middle curved lines. chanter. advances thigh. Gluteus minimus. Ilium between middle and Great trochanter. Superior gluteal. Rotates, abducts, and inferior curved lines. draws thigh forward. Gluteus quartus. See Accessory g lu te us minimus. Gracilis. Rami of pubes and Tibia, upper and inner Obturator. Flexes and abducts leg. ischium. part. - Grinning. See Levator anguli oris. Gubernaculum testis. See Cremaster. Guthrie's. See Transversus perimei, deep. Helicis major et minor. Tubercle on helix. Rim of helix near sum- mit. Auriculo-tempo ral and posterior auricu- lar. Henle’s. See Prerectalis. Hepatico - diaph rag- matic (anomalous). Left side of central tendon of diaphragm. Under surface of liver and obliterated ductus venosus and periton- €U111] . Hilton's. See Compressor sacculi laryngis. Horner’s. See Ciliary and Tensor tarsi, Houston's. See Compressor vena dor salis penis. Hyo-epiglottideus (an- omalous), Middle of ridge on lingual aspect of epiglot- tiS. Median tubercle on body of hyoid. Hyo-facialis. *. A name applied to the anterior portion of the omo-hyoid, when the posterior belly is absent. Hyo-glossus. Cornua of hyoid. Side of tongue. Hypoglossal. De presses side of tongue and retracts. tongue. Hyo-maxillaris (anom- || Lower jaw. Hyoid bone. aly of Stylo-hyoid). Hyo-pharyngeus. See Con strict or of pharynar, middle. MUSCLES MUSCLES MUSCLES OF DORSAL ASPECT OF For EARM, SUPERFICIAL LAYER. 1. Tendon of triceps. 2. Upper ex- tremity of supinator longus. 3. Ex- tensor carpi radialis longior. 4. Its attachment to second metacarpal bone. 5. Extensor carpi radialis brevior. 6. Its attachment to third metacarpal bone. 7. Extensor ossis- metacarpi pollicis. 8, 8. Extensor primi internodii pollicis. 9, 9. Ex- tensor secundi internodii pollicis. Io, Io. Annular ligament. II. Extensor communis digitorum. I2, 12. Attach- ment of its four tendons to the second and third phalanges. 13. Tendon of the extensor indicis, 14. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. I5. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 16. Its attachment to fifth metacarpal bone. 17. Anconeus. 18. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 19. Posterior border of ulna. 20. Olecranon. 21. Internal condyle of humerus. MUSCLES OF DORSAL ASPECT OF For EARM, DEEP LAYER. I. Tendon of triceps. 2. Internal head of triceps. 3. Anconeus. 4. Humeral attachment of supinator longus. 5. Humeral attachment of extensor carpi radialis longior. 6,6. Tendon of insertion into second metacar- pal bone. 7. Upper extremity of extensor carpi radialis brevior. 8, 8. Its tendon of insertion into third metacarpal bone. 9. Com- mon tendon of the superficial and deep muscles. Io. Supinator brevis. II. Radial insertion of pronator radii teres. I2. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, 13. Extensor primi interno- dii pollicis. I4. Extensor secundi in- ternodii pollicis. I5. Extensor indicis. 16. Its tendon, uniting with corre- sponding tendon of common exten- sor. 17. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. 18. Tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris. I9. Flexor carpi ulnaris, dis- placed to show flexor profundus digi- torum. 20. Fibrous arch extending from epitrochlea to olecranon and forming the upper portion of the deep flexor. 21. Annular ligament. 22, 22, Dorsal interossei. 23. Abductor minimi digiti. 24, 24. Tendons of ex- tensor communis digitorum. DEEP MUSCLES OF PALMA R ASPECſ OF FOREARM. I. Lower portion of triceps. 2, 2. At- tachments of pronator radii teres. 3. Attachment of flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor sublimis digitorum. 3'. Tendon of biceps. 3”. Tendon of brachialis anticus. 4, 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 5. Supinator longus. 6. Its distal attachment. 7. Supinator brevis. 7'. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 8, 8. Extensor Ossis metacarpi pollicis. 9. Flexor profun- dus digitorum. Io. Its four tendons. II. Tendon for index finger. I2, 12. Tendon for middle finger. I3. Ten- don of flexor sublimis. I4 Tendon of flexor profundus for little finger. 15, 15. Lumbricales. 16, 16. Attach- ments of abductor brevis. I7. Oppo- nens pollicis. 18. Flexor brevis pol- licis. 19. Adductor pollicis. 20. Flexor longus pollicis. 21. Its tendon, 22, 22. Attachments of flexor brevis and adductor minimi digiti. 23. Oppo- nens minimi digiti. MUSCLES - 809 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.—Cozzzzzzzzea. NAME. *** * *-** ~ *- : * ~ ** -º-º- ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. miscus. Iliac fossa, crest, base of Lesser trochanter, up- || Anterior crural. Flexes and rot a tes S2, CILIII] . per part shaft femur. femur outward. Iliacus minor (anomal- ous). Anterior inferior spine of ilium. Inferior part anterior intertrochanteric line. Iliacus, superficial (an- omalozas). Crest of ilium, last lumbar vertebra or upper border of sacrum. Iliacus below Poupart's ligament. Ilio-capsularis (anomal- otes). See Iliacus minor. Ilio-costal. See Sacro-lumbar. Incisurae Santorini. See Intertragiczas. Infracostals, Io. Inner surface of ribs. Inner surface of two or three ribs above. Intercostal. Expiration, by depress- ing ribs. Infra-spinatus. Infra-spinous fossa. Great tube rosity of humerus. Supra-scapular. Rotates humerus out- ward. Inter-arytenoid. One arytenoid cartilage. The other arytenoid cartilage. Recurrent laryngeal. Approximates arytenoid cartilages. Interclavicular (anomal- ous). Clavicle, anterior to rhom- boid ligament. Corresponding point on opposite clavicle. Intercostals, external, Outer lip of inferior costal Superior border of ribs Intercostal. Raise ribs in inspiration. II. border. above. Intercostals, internal, Inner lip of inferior costal Superior border of ribs Intercostal. Depress ribs in expira- I l. border. below. il Oil. Interossei of foot, dor- || Adjacent surfaces of meta- Bases of first phalanges. | External plantar. Flex first phal anges Sal (4). tarsal bones. and extend 2d and 3d, also abduct 2G, 3d, and 4th toes. Interossei of foot, plan- tar (3). Inner lower surface of 3 outer metatarsal bones. Bases of first phalanges of three outer toes. External plantar. Abduct first phalanges of three outer toes. Interossei of hand, dor- sal (4). •- Five metacarpal bones. Sides of aponeurosis of extensor comm u n is and adjacent parts of first phalanges. Ulnar. Abduct index, middle, and ring fingers, aid in flexing first phalanges and extending second and third. In teross e i of hand, palmar (3), Sides of metacarpal bones. Aponeurosis of extensor tendons, adjacent part of first phalanges. Ulnar. Adduct index, ring, and little fingers, aid in flex- ing first phalanges and in extending second and third. Interosseus primus volaris (anomalous). Ulnar side of base of first metacarpal. Base of first phalanx of thumb. Inter-spinales. Upper surface of spines of vertebra, near tip. Posterior part of lower surface of spine above. Internal divisions of posterior branches of spinal nerves. Extend the vertebrae next above. Intertragicus. Anterior wall cartilagin- ous canal of ear. Opposite side of larger fissure of ear. Posterior auricular. Dilates concha. Inter-transversales. Between transverse proc. of contiguous vertebrae. Spinal nerves. Flex laterally the spinal column. Ischio-calcaneus (anom- alous). Long head of bice ps flexor cruris. - Gastrocnemius, external tuber o sity of tibia, fe m or a l aponeurosis or tendo Achillis. Ischio-cavernosus. See Erector penis. Ischio-condyloid. A name given to the por- tion of the a d duct or magnus inserted into the internal condyle of femur. Ischio-femoral (anomal- orts). Inner edge of great tuber- osity of ischium. Lower end of gluteal ridge of femur. Jarjavay's. See Depressor urethrae. Kerato-cricoid (anomal- ous). Cricoid cartilage near its lower border. In ferior c or n u of thyroid cartilage. MUSCLES 810 GLUTEUs MAXIMUS MUSCLE. 1, Gluteus maximus. 2. Its inferior portion. 3. Fibers of at- tachment to linea aspera. 4. Superior portion. 5, 5. Ten- dinous fibers of insertion into linea aspera. 6. Upper portion of femoral aponeurosis. 7. Duplicature of this aponeurosis at Superior level of gluteus maximus. , 8. Portion of its super- ficial layer attached to tendinous bands. 9. Lower extremity of tensor vaginae femoris. Io, Io. Portion of femoral apon- eurosis continuous with tendinous fibers of gluteus maximus. II. Upper portion of biceps femoris. I2. Upper portion of Semitendinosus. I3. Upper portion of semimembranosus. I4. Gracilis. PECTINEUS AND ADDUCTOR LONGUS. I. Femur. 2. Ilium. 3. Pubis. 4. Pectineus. 5. Adductor longus. 6. Lower portion of adductor magnus. 7. Ten- don of rectus femoris. 8. 8. Orifices for vessels. 9. Ori- fices for femoral vessels. MUSCLES º º * : : GLUTEUs MEDIUS MUSCLE. I. Inner extremity of gluteus maximus. 2. Attachment of gluteus maximus to linea aspera. 3, 3. Triangular aponeu- rosis formed by convergence of tendinous fibers of upper half of gluteus maximus. 4. Gluteus medius. 5. Its tendon of insertion into great trochanter. 6. Upper portion of femoral aponeurosis. 7. Pyramidalis. 8. Obturator internus. 9. Superior gemellus. Io. Inferior gemellus. 11, Quadratus femoris. 12. Semi-tendinosus. 13. Upper portion of long head of biceps. 14. Adductor magnus. I5. Gracilis. I6. Vastus externus, - ADDUCTOR BREVIS AND ADDUCTOR MAGNUS. I. Femur. 2. Ilium 3. Pubis. 4. Obturator externus. 5 Upper portion of adductor magnus. 6. Upper portion of adductor brevis. 7. Inferior portion of adductor brevis. 8. Middle portion of adductor magnus. 9. Inferior portion. Io. Tendon of insertion it to internal condyle of femur. II. Orifice for femoral vessels. I2. Orifice for internal cir- cumflex artery and veins. MUSCLES 811 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.—Cozzzzzzzzed. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Kerato-glossus. Those fibers of the hyo- glossus that arise from the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. See Hyo- glosszús. Kerato-thyroid (anomal- ows). Lower border of cricoid cartilage. Inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage. Kissing. See Orbicularis oras. Laryngo-pharyngeus. See Con st 7 ic to 7 of pharynx, inſerior. Lateralis abdominis. See Accessory abdominal oblique. Latissimus dorsi. Spines of 6 lower dorsal and lumbar and sacral vertebrae, crest of ilium, and 3 or 4 lower ribs. Laxator tympani major. Bici p it al groove of humerus. Long subscapular. Draws arm backward and do w n w a r d and rotates it inward. Spinous process sphenoid and Eustachian tube. Neck of malleus. Facial. Relaxes membrana tym- pani. Levator anguli oris. Canine fossa of superior maxillary bone. Angle of mouth. Facial, in fraorbital branch. Elevates angle of mouth. Levator anguli scapulate. \ Transverse processes of four upper cervical vert. Levator ani. Posterior portion of body and ramus of pubes, pel- vic fascia, ischial spine. Posterior b or der of Scapula. Fifth cervical and cer- vical plexus. Elevates upper angle of Scapula. Rectum, coccyx, and fibrous raphe. Sacral and perineal. Supports rectum and vagina. Levator claviculae (an- omalous). Transverse processes first and second cervical ver- tebrae. Outer half of clavicle. Levator glandulae thy- roidea (anomalous). Isthmus or pyramidal pro- cess of thyroid body. Anterior surface of body of hyoid. Levator labii inferioris. Incisive fossa of inferior maxillary bone. Skin of lower lip. Facial, supra-m a x i l- lary branch. Elevates lower lip. Levator labii superioris. Lower margin of orbit. Upper lip. Facial, infra orbital branch. Elevates upper lip. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi. Nasal process of superior maxillary bone. * cartilage and upper Ip. Facial, infra orbit a l branch. Elevates upper lip, di- lates nostril. Levator menti. See Leziator labii inferio ris. Levator palati. Petrous portion of tempo- ral bone. Soft palate. Spheno-palatine gan- glion (facial). Elevates soft palate. Levator palpebrae sup. Lesser wing of sphenoid. | Upper tarsal cartilage. Third. Lifts upper lid. Levator pharyngis. See Stylo-pharyngeus. Levator prostatae. A name given to the ante- rior portion of the leva- tor ani muscle. Levator thyroideae (an- | Hyoid bone. Left lateral lobe of thy- omalous). roid body. Levatores costarum, 12. Transv. proc. of last cer- | Each to the rib below. Intercostal. Raise ribs. vical and dorsal vertebrae. Lingualis. Under surface of tongue. Chorda tympani and hypoglossal. E lev at e s m i d d le of tongue. Longissimus dorsi. Erector spinae. Transverse processes of lumbar and dorsal ver- tebrae and 7th–11th ribs. Branches of lumbar and dorsal. Erects spine and bends trunk backward. Longus colli : — 1. Superior oblique portion. 2. Inferior oblique por- tion. Transverse processes 3d- 5th cervical. Bodies of 1st–3d dorsal. Bodies of three dorsal and two cervical. Anterior tubercle of atlas. Transverse processes 5th–6th cervical. Lower cervical. Flexes cervical verte- brae. 3. Vertical portion. Bodies of 2d—4th cervi- cal. Lumbricales, 4, of foot. Tendons of flexor longus digitorum. First phalanges of the lesser toes. Internal and external plantar. | Accessory flexors. MUSCLES | |† | i SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS AND SEMI- M EM B R A NOSUS. 1. Attachment to ischium of long head of biceps and semitendinosus. 2. Semimembranosus. 3. Its superior tendon. 4. Its inferior tendon. 5. Middle portion of tendon. 6. Its anterior portion. 7. Its posterior por- tion. 8. Section of long head of biceps. 9. Its short head. Io. Its attachment to head of fibula. II, II, II. Adductor magnus. I2, I2. Ori- fices for passage of perforating arter- ies and veins. I3. Vastus externus. I4, 14. Insertion of gluteus maximus. 15. Divided expansion of tendon of this muscle, continuous with the aponeurosis of the vastus externus. 16. Attachment of quadratus femoris. 17. Tendon of obturator externus. 18. Attachment of gluteus medius. 19. Obturator internus. 20. Tendon of pyramidalis. 21. Gluteus mini- mus. 22. Divided inner head of gas- trocnemius. 23. Outer head. 24. Plantaris. 25. Popliteus. 26, Soleus. 27. Fibrous ring for artery, vein and nerve. - % ºſ. '...} \} º/jºz8 | .N MUSCLEs of ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THIGH. I. Iliacus. 2. Psoas magnus. 3. Ten- Sor vaginae femoris. 4. Fibrous band by which this muscle is attached to external tuberosity of tibia. 5. Sar- torius. 6. Rectus femoris. 7. Vastus externus. 8. Vastus internus. 9. Gracilis. Io. Adductor longus. II. Pectineus. MUSCLES % §§ W Wºź % ź ſº º; sº LONG HEAD OF BICEPs AND SEMI- TÉNDINOSUS. I. Long head of biceps. 2. Common tendon of long head of biceps and semitendinosus. 3. Inferior tendon of biceps. 4. Semitendinosus. 5. Its tendon. 6, 6. Its tendinous ex- pansions, continuous with aponeuro- sis of leg. 7. Semimembranosus. 8. Its inferior tendon. 9. Gracilis. Io. Its tendon. II. Sartorius. 12. Vastus externus. I3. Femoral attach- ment of gluteus maximus. I4. Inser- tion of gluteus medius. 15. Gluteus minimus. 16. Tendon of pyrifor- mis. I7. Obturator internus. 18. Quadratus femoris. 19. Inner head of gastrocnemius. 20. Outer head of gastrocnemius. 21. Plantaris. 23. Popliteal aponeurosis. MUSCLES 813 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Conférezeed. NAME. - ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. * - - Lumbricales, 4, of hand. | Tendons of flexor profun- Tendons of common ex- Median and ulnar. Flex first phalanges. dus digitorum. tenSOr. Masseter. Zygomatic arch. Angle and ramus of jaw. || Inferior maxillary. Muscle of mastication. Mento-hyoideus (anom- | Body of hyoid bone. Symphysis of chin, alozas). ... to mylo-hy- oid muscle. Merkel’s. See Kerato-cricoid. Midriff. º See Diaphragm. Müller's. See Ciliary. Müller's (orbital). Connected with the orbi- Sympathetic. tal periosteum; it crosses. the spheno-maxillary fis- Sure. Müiler's (superior pal- || Connected with the leva- Along the upper border | Sympathetic. Helps raise upper lid. pebral). tor palpebrae superioris. of the tarsus. Multifidus spinae. Sacrum, iliac spine, artic- || Laminae and spines from | Posterior spinal bran- Erects and rotates spinal ular processes lumb a r last lumbar to second ches. column. and cervical vertebrae, cervical vertebrae. and transverse proc. of dorsal and 7th cervical. º Musculus access orius Angles of six lower ribs. Angles of six upper ribs. Branches of dorsal. Erects spine and bends ad sacro-lumbalem. trunk backward. Mylo-glossus (anoma- Angle of lower jaw, or Side of tongue between lous). stylo-maxillary ligament. || stylo-glossus and hyo- glossus. Mylo-hyoid. Mylo-hyoid ridge of infe- | Body of hyoid and Inferior dental. Elevates and advances rior maxillary bone. raphe. hyoid. Forms the floor of the mouth. Naso-labialis. Nasal septum. - Upper lip. Obliquus auris. Concha of ear. Fossa of anti-helix. Temporal and pos- terior annular. Obliquus capitis infe- || Spinous process of axis. Transverse process of | Sub-occipital and | Rotates atlas and crani- rioris. atlas. great occipital. Ul II). Obliquus capitis supe- Transverse process of Occipital bone. Sub - occipital and | Draws head backward. TIOTIS. atlas, great occipital. Obliquus externus. Eight lower ribs. Middle line, iliac crest, Intercostal, ilio-hypo- || Compresses viscera and Poupart's ligament. gastric, ilio-Pinguinal. flexes thorax. Obliquus inferioris. Orbital plate of superior Sclerotic. Third. Rotates eyeball upward * maxillary bone. and outward. Obliquus internus. Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, Three lower ribs, linea Intercostal, ilio-hypo- || Compresses viscera, Poupart's ligament. alba, pubic crest, pec- gastric, ilio-inguinal. flexes thorax, and as- tineaſ line. sists in expiration. Obliquus superior. Above optic for a men, Sclerotic. Fourth. Rotates eyeball down- through pulley. ward and inward. Obturator externus. Obturator foramen and Digital fossa, base of . Obturator, External rot a to r of membrane. great trochanter. thigh. Obturator internus. Obturator foramen and Great trochanter. Sacral. E x t e r n a 1 rotator of membrane. thigh. Occipitalis. See Occipito-frontalis. Occipitalis minor (an- Fascia over upper end of Fascia over upper end | Small occipital. omalous). trapezius. of sterno-mastoid. Occipito-frontalis, Superior curved line of Aponeurosis. Posterior auricular, Moves scalp. Facial ex- occiput and angular pro- - small occipital, faciai. pression. cess of frontal. Qccipito-hyoid (anomal- Mastoid process and ad- Hyoid bone near in- O2éS), jacent portion of superior sertion of posterior oblique line of occiput. belly of digastric. Occipito-phary ng eus Basilar process of occiput. Constrictor of pharynx. (anomalous). tº sºme MUSCLES M U S C L E S OF I THE SOLE OF F o O T, MID- DLE LAYER. . Flexor acces- s or i u s. 2. T en do n of flexor longus digitorum. 3. T end on of flexor longus poll i cis. 4. First lumbri- calis. 5. Ten- don of flexor brevis digito- rum. 6. Flex- or brevis min- imi digiti. 7. Inner fascicu- lus of flexor bre v is polli- cis. 8. Outer fasciculus. 9. Tuberosity of fifth metatar- sal bone. Io. F i b r O u S sheath of per- oneus longus, II. Os calcis. 814 MUSCLES OF INNER AS- I • PECT OF THIGH. ' Iliacus. 2. Psoas magnus. 3. Obtura- tor internus. 4. Pyri- formis. 5. Gluteus maximus. 6. Sarto- rius. 7. Gracilis. 8. Semitendinosus. 9. Semi membranosus. Io. Tendon of sarto- rius. I I. Tendon of gracilis. I2. Tendon of semitendinosus. 13. Its expansions. I4. Tendon of semimem- branosus. I5. Rectus femoris. 16. Vastus internus. M U S C L E S OF I THE SOLE OF FOOT, DEEP LAYER. . Os calcis. 2. 2. Fibro us .. º: or longus pol- licis. 3. Fi- brous sheath of flexor Jon- g us digitor- um. 4. Infe- rior calcaneo- cuboid liga- ment. 5. Flex- or brevis pol- licis. 6. Ad- ductor polli- cis. 7. Flexor brevis minimi dig it i. Transversus pe d is. 9. Plantar inter- OSSCOllS, IO Sheath of ten- don of pero- neus longus. MUSCLES SHORT PORTION OF BI- CEPS AND SEM IMEM- BRANOSUS, I. Attachment to ischi- unn of long portion of biceps and semitendi- nosus. 2. Seminem- branosus. 3. Its supe- rior tendon. 4. Its . inferior tendon. 5. Middle portion of this tendon. 6. Its ante- rior portion. , 7. Its posterior portion. 8. Section of long por- tion of biceps. 9. Its short portion. Io Its attachment to the head of fibula. I I, II, II. Adductor mag- nus. I2, 12. Series of perforations for the passage of arteries and veins. 13. Vas- tus externus. I4, 14. Insertion of gluteus maximus. 15. Section of expansion by which the tendon of this muscle is continuous with the aponeurosis of the vastus exter- nus. 16. Attachment of quadratus femoris. 17. Tendon of obtu- rator externus. I8. Attachment of glu- teus medius. I9. Ob- turator internus. 20. Tendon of pyrifor- mis. 21. Glute us minimus. 22. Inner head of gastrocne- mius. 23. Outer head. 24. Divided plantaris. 25. Pop lite us. 26. Soleus. 27. Tendi- nous ring in soleus. E X T E N S OR TENDONS OF TOES. 1, I. Tendon of tibialis a n ti- cus. 2,2. Ten- don of exten- sor proprius pollicis. 3. I)elicate divi- sion of this tendon, in - serted into first phalanx of great toe. 4, 4. Tendons of extensor longus digito- rum. 5. Pe- 1 OneuS ter- t i u s. 6. It s attachment to fifth metatar- sal bone. 7. Annular liga- m ent. 8, 8. E x t e n S O r brevis digito- rum. 9. Ad- ductor polli- cis. MUSCLES 815 - MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTIon. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Occipito-scapular (an- Occipital bone near sple- Dorsal border of scap- omalous). nius capitis muscle, ula at base of spine. Omo-hyoid. Upper border of scapula. | Body of hyoid. Descendens and com: Depresses and retracts m u ni can s no ni hyoid. ſº (hypoglossi). Opponens hallucis (an- ; Tendon of adductor hal- || Base of metatarsal bone omalous). lucis muscle. of great toe. Opponens minimi digiti. Unciform bone. Fifth metacarpal. Ulnar. Flexes little finger. Opponens minimi digiti | See Flexor brevis minimi digiti. ped IS. Opponens pollicis. Trapezium, anterior annu- M et a carpal bone of Median, palmar divi- | Flexes thumb. lar ligament. thumb. sion. Orbicularis oris. | Nasal septum and canine | Forms lips and sphinc- Facial, bucca), and iCloses inouth. fossa of inferior maxil- | ter of mouth. supramaxillary bran- la, by accessory fibers. ches. Orb icular is palpe- Mesal margin of orbit. Lateral margin of orbit. Facial. Closes eyelids. brarum. Orbital. ; See Müller's. Orbito-palpebral. See Palpebral, superior (Müller's). Palato-glossus. Soft palate. Side and d or sum of Spheno-palatine gan- Constricts the fauces. tongue. glion. Palato-pharyngeus. Soft palate. Thyroid cartilage and | Spheno-palatine gan- Closes posterior nares. - pharynx. glion. Palmaris brevis. Annular liga ment and Skin of palm of hand. | Ulnar. Corrugates skin of palm. - palmar fascia. Palmaris interossei. Palmar surfaces second, Bases of first phalanges | Ulnar. Adductors of fingers. fourth, and fifth meta- of corresponding fin- carpals. gers. Palmaris longus. Internal condyle. Annular ligament and Median. Tenses palmar fascia. - palmar fascia. Palpebral, superior. See Milller's. Pectineus. Ilio-p ect in eal line and | Femur below lesser tro- Anterior crural, ob- Flexes and rotates out- pubes. chanter. turator. ward the thigh. Pectoralis major. Clavicle, ster num, and External bicipital ridge Anterior thoracic, ex- Draws arm downward costal cartilages. of humerus. ternal and internal. and forward. Pectoralis minimus. First piece of sternum, Coracoid process. Anterior thoracic. De presses point of and cartilage of first rib. shoulder. Pectoralis minor. Third, fourth, and fifth | Coracoid process. Anterior thoracic. De presses point of ribs. shoulder. Peripenial. A thin layer of unstriped - Sympathetic. muscular tissue forming the frenum of the penis. Peroneo-calcaneus in - || Lower part of posterior Front part, inner sur- ternus (anomalous). surface of fibula. face of calcaneum. Peroneo-tibialis (anom- I n n e r side of head of Upper end of oblique alous). Ullal. line of tibia. Peroneus accessorius. Fibula between peronei With the peroneus lon- longus and brevis. guS. Peroneus brevis. Middle third of shaft of Base of fifth metatarsal. Musculo-cutaneous. Extends ſoot. fibula, externally. Peroneus longus. Head and shaft of fibula. | First metatarsal of great Musculo-cutaneous. Extends and everts foot. toe. Peroneus, quartus (an- Flexor surface of fibula Ridge of cu boid or omalous). near peroneus brevis. peroneal tubercle of calcaneum. Peroneus quinti digiti | Lower fourth of fibula. Aponeurosis on extensor (anomalous). surface of little toe. Peroneus tertius. Lower fourth of fibula. Fifth metatarsal bone. Anterior tibial. Flexes tarsus. MUSCLES 816 ſ º MUSCLES OF THE LEG, º 1 | | \!\!; EXTERNAL ASPECT. I, Tibialis anticus. 2, 2. Ten do n of extensor proprius pollicis. 3, 3. Extensor longus digi- torum. 4. Its tendons for four last toes. 5. Per- oneus tertius. 6. Its attachment to last two metacarpal bones. 7. peroneus longus. 8. Its tendon. 9. Peroneus - brevis. Io. Its tendon. 11. Outer head of gas- trocne m i u s. 12, 12. So le us. 13. Tendo Achillis. 14. Extensor brevis digitorum. I5, 15. Abductor m in imi digiti. 16. Rectus fem- oris. 17. Vastus exter- nus. 18. Its inferior fibers. 19. Tendon of biceps femoris. 20. Ex- ternal lateral ligament of knee. 21. Tendon of popliteus. MUSCLES OF ExTERNAL As- PECT OF LEG. I. Tibialis anticus. 2. Extensor longus digitorum. 3. Tendon of extensor proprius pollicis. 4. Peroneus tertius. 5. Pero- neus bre v is. 6. Peroneus longus. 7. Soleus. 8. Outer head of gastrocnemius. 9. Head of fibula. Io. Tendon of biceps femoris. II. Semi- membranosus. 12. Tendon of rectus femoris. 13. Tendo Achillis. I4. External mal- leolus. I5, Annular ligament. I6. Insertion of peroneus ter- tius. 17. Insertion of pero- neus brevis. 18. Extensor brevis digitorum. 19. Ab- ductor minimi digiti. 20. Patella. MUSCLES 1 MUSCLES OF T H E LEG, IN T E R N A L ASPECT. I. Tibialis anticus. 2, 3. Its tendon. 4. Tendons of exten- sor communis digi. torum. 5. I n n e r head of gastrocne- mius. 6. Its apon- eurosis of origin. . 7. Soleus. 8. Tendo Achillis. 9. Its at- tachment to os cal- cis. Io. Tendon of plantaris. II. Ten- don of tibialis pos- ticus. I2. Its attach- ment to scaphoid 17 bone. 13, 14. Ten- don of flexor lon- gus digitorum. 15. Tendon of flexor longus pollicis. 16, I6. Adductor polli- cis. I7. Vastus in- ternus. 18. Sarto- rius. 19. Its tendon. 20. Its expansion, largely removed. 2I. Gracilis. 22. Its tendon. 23. Tendon of semimembrano- sus. 24. Tendon of semitendinosus. 25, 25. Its fibrous ex- pansions. 26. Com- mon tendon of gra- cilis and semitendi- In OSU.S. MUSCLEs of ANTERIOR ASPECT OF LEG. I. Tendon of rectus fem- Oris. 2. Tib i a. 3. Tibialis anticus. 4. Extensor longus digi- torum. 5. Extensor proprius pollicis. 6. Peroneus tertius. Peroneus longus. Peroneus brevis. Q Outer head of gas- trocnemius. Io. Inner head. II. Extensor brevis digitorum. 12. Annular ligament. s MUSCLES 817 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. .NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Petro-pharyngeus (an- Petrous portion of tem- Constrictors of pharynx. omalous). poral bone. Petro-salpingo-staphyli- | See Levator palatz. Ill!.S. Phillips'. External superior tuber- | Proximal portions of Ulnar. osity of radius, and ex- phalanges. ternal lateral ligament of ulnar articulation. Pisi-uncinatus (anomal- ous). Pisiform bone. Unciform process of un- ciform bone. Plantaris. Outer bifurcation of linea aspera and posterior liga- ment of knee-joint. Os calcis by means of the tendo Achillis. Internal popliteal. Extends foot. Plantaris interossei. Shafts of 3d, 4th, and 5th metatarsal bones. Bases of first phalanges of corresponding toes. External plantar. Adducts toes. Platysma myoides. Clavicle, acromion, and fascia. Inferior maxillary bone, angle of mouth. Facial and superficial cervical. Wrinkles skin and de- presses mouth. Popliteus. External condyle of fe- || Shaft of tibia above ob- || Internal popliteal. Flexes leg. In Ul I. lique line. - Popliteus minor (anom- | Femur at inner side of Posterior lig ament of alous). plantaris. knee-joint. Prerectalis (of Henle) Recto-vesical pro long a- | Prolongation of recto- Sympathetic. (aſ omalous). tion. vesical fascia in to perineum. P' esternal. See Sternalis. ronator pedis. See Flexor accessorius longus digitorum pedis. Pronator quadratus. Lower fourth of ulna. Lower % shaft of radius. Anterior interosseous. Pronates hand. Pronator radii teres. Internal condyle and coro- noid process. Outer side of S h aft of radius. Median. Pronates hand. Psoas magnus. Bodies and transverse | Lesser trochanter. Lumbar. Flexes and rotates thigh - processes of last dorsal outward, and flexes and all lumbar vertebrae. trunk on pelvis. Psoas parvus. Bodies of last dorsal and Ilio-pectineal eminence | Lumbar. Flexes p el v is upon first lumbar vertebrae. and iliac fascia. abdomen. Two heads: I, external Neck of condyle. Inferior maxillary. Draws inferior maxil- Pterygoid (external). pterygoid plate of sphen- oid bone; 2, great wing. lary bone forward. Pterygoid (internal). Pterygoid fossa of sphe- noid bone. Inner surface of angle of jaw. . Inferior maxillary. Raises and draws infe- rior maxilla forward. Pterygoideus proprius (anomalous). Crest on, great wing of sphenoid. Posterior border of ex- ternal pterygoid plate, occasionally the tuber- ity of superior maxil- 3. Pterygo-ph arynge us (anomalous). Ham ular process of sphenoid bone. Constrictors of pharynx. Pterygo-spinous (anom- alous). Alar spine of sphenoid bone. Posterior margin of the external pterygoid. Pyramidalis. Pubes. Linea alba. Ilio-hypogastric. Tenses linea alba. Pyramidalis nasi. Occipito-frontalis. Compressor naris. Facial nerve, infraor- bital branch. Depresses eyebrow. Pyriformis. Front of sacrum, through great sciatic foramen. Great trochanter. Sacral branch. External rotator of thigh. Quadratus femoris. Tuberosity of the ischium. Quadrate line of femur. First sacral and fifth lumbar. Extern al rotator of thigh. Quadratus lumborum. Crest of ilium, transverse processes of lower three lumbar vertebrae. Last rib, transverse pro- cesses of upper three lumbar vertebrae. Upper lumb a r and twelfth thoracic. Flexes thorax laterally. Quadratus menti. See Depressor labii infe Quadriceps extensor femoris. riorus. *-a--- - rounds the patella. Includes the rectus, vastus internus and externus, and crureus muscles. Their common tendon sur- 52 MUSCLES 818 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION, INNERVATION, FUNCTION, Quadrigeminus capitis. | See Sterno-cleido-mastoid eus. Radio-carpus. See Flearor carpi radialis brevis. Rectus abdominis. Pubic crest and fibrous tissues in front of sym- physis. Cartilages of the fifth to seventh ribs. Intercostal, ilio-hypo- gastric, ilio-inguinal. Compresses viscera and flexes thorax. Rectus capitis anticus major. Transverse processes 3d- 6th cervical vertebrae. Basilar process. First and second cer- vical. Flexes head and slightly rotates it. Rectus capitis anticus medius (anomalous). Middle of anterior sur- face of body of axis. Basilar process of occi- pital bone. Rectus capitis anticus IIll Il OI". Transverse process and lateral mass of atlas. Basilar process of occi- pital bone. First cervical. Flexes head. Rectus capitis lateralis. Ventral cephalic surface of lateral mass of atlas. Jugular process of occi- pital bone. First cervical. Flexes head laterally. Rectus capitis posticus major. Spine of axis. Inferior curved line of occipital bone. Sub-occipital and great occipital. Rotates head. Rectus capitis posticus 111111 OI". Dorsal arch of atlas. Below inferior curved line of occipital bone. Sub-occipital and great occipital. Draws head backward. Rectus externus. Two heads, outer margin of optic foramen. Sclera. Sixth. Rotates ward. eyeball out- Rectus femoris. Anterior inferior, iliac spine, brim acetabulum. Proximal b or der of patella. Anterior crural. Extends leg. Rectus inferioris. Lower margin of optic | Sclera. Third. Rotates eyeball down- foramen. Wall"C1. Rectus internus. Inner margin of optic Sclera. Third. Rotates eyeball inward. foramen. Rectus sternalis (or Sheath of rectus abdomi-| Fascia over origin of & sternalis) (anomalous). nis. sterno-mastoid, or into aponeurosis of pec- toralis major. Rectus superioris. Upper margin of optic Sclera. Third. Rotates eyeball upward. OT3.IIl CI] . Rectus thoracis. See Supra-costalis. Retractores uteri. A name sometimes given to the sacro-uterine liga- mentS. Retrahens auren. Mastoid process. Concha. Posterior auricular. Retracts pinna. Rhombo—atloid (amom- alous). Sixth and seventh cervi- cal and first thoracic spinous processes. Transverse process of atlas. Rhomboideus major. Spines of first five thor- || Root of spine of scapula. | Fifth cervical. - Elevates and retracts acic vertebrae. scapula. Rhomboideus minor. Spines of seventh cervical Root of spine of scapula. | Fifth cervical. Retracts and elevates and first dorsal vertebrae. scapula. Rhombo-occipital. See Occipito-scapular. Riolan's. The ciliary portion of the orbicularis palpebrarum. Risorius. Fascia over masseter. Angle of mouth. Facial, buccal branch. Draws angle laterad. Rotator humeri (anom- alous). Under surface and exter: nal border of coracoid process of scapula. Neck of humerus below lesser tuberosity. Rotatores spinae. Transverse processes of from second to twelfth thoracic vertebrae. Lamina of next vertebra above. Dorsal branches. Rotate spinal column. Sacro-coccygeus an t i- CllS. See Curvator coccygis. Sacro-coccygeus posti- Cl1S. See Eartensor coccygis. Sacro-lumbalis. Erector spinae. Angle of six lower ribs. Branches of dorsal. Erects spine and bends trunk backward. MUSCLES 819 MUSCLES - TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. CRIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Salpingo-pharyngeus. | A portion of the palato- pharyngeus, g. v. Santorini's. See Risorius. Sartorius. Anterior superior spine Anterior crural. Flexes and crosses legs. of ilium. Upper internal portion Pshaft of tibia. Scalenus anticus. Scalene tubercle on first rib. Transverse processes 3d –6th cervical vertebrae. Lower cervical. Flexes neck laterally. Scalenus medius. First rib. Transverse processes of six lower cervical ver- tebrae. Lower cervical. Flexes neck laterally. Scalenus minimus (an- omalous). Transverse processes of lower cervical vertebrae. First rib, behind sub- clavian artery. Scalenus posticus. Second rib. Transverse processes of three lower cervical vertebrae. Lower cervical. Bends neck laterally. Scansorius. See Accessory g lu t e us minimus. Scapulo-costalis minor. See Sterno-chondro-scatpu War. Semi-membranosus. Tuberosity of ischium. Inner tuberosity of tibia. Great sciatic. Flexes leg and rotates it inward. Semispinalis capitis. See Complexus. Semispinalis colli. Transverse processes four upper dorsal and articu- lar processes four lower cervical vertebrae. Spines of second to fifth cervical vertebrae. Cervical branches. Erects spinal column. Semispinalis dorsi. Transverse processes 6th to Ioth dorsal vertebrae. ** Spines last two cervical and first four thoracic. Branches of dorsal. Erects spinal column. Semi-tendinosus. Tuberosity of ischium. tºp. and inner surface of tibia. Great sciatic. Flexes leg on thigh. Serratus magnus. Eight upper ribs. Inner, margin of dorsal border of scapula. Posterior thoracic. Elevates ribs in inspira- tion. Serratus posticus infe- rioris. Spines of last two thoracic and first three lumbar. Four lower ribs. Tenth and eleventh intercostal. - Depresses ribs in ex- piration, Serratus posticus supe- Spines of seventh cervical Second, third, fourth, Second and third in- Raises ribs in inspira- rioris. and first two thoracic and fifth ribs. tercostal. tion. vertebrae. - Snarling. See Levator labii supe | rioris. Sneering. See Levator labii supe | rioris alagua nasi. Soleus. Shaft of fibula, oblique line | Os calc is by tendo Extends foot. of tibia. Achillis. Internal popliteal and posterior tibial. Spheno-pharyngeus (an- omalous). Spine of sphenoid bone. Constrictors of pharynx. Spheno-sal p in go-sta- phylinus. See Circumflexus palati. Sphincter ani, external. Tip of coccyx. Tendinous center of perineum. Perineal, pudic, and fourth sacral. Closes anus. Sphincter ani, internal. A thickening of the circu- lar fibers of the intestine one inch above the anus. Hemorrhoidal nerves. Constricts rectum. Sphincter vaginae. Central tendon of peri- 1] &ll m. Corpora cavernosa and clitoris. Homologue of accelerator urinae in male. Sphincter vesicae inter- Il Uls. Near the urethral orifice of the bladder. Vesical nerves. Constricts internal ori- fice of urethra. Spinalis cervicis (mor- mal, but inconstant). Spines 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical and first two thoracic vertebrae. Spine of axis, some- times spines of 3d and 4th cervical vertebrae. Spinalis colli. Spines of fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. Spine of axis, or third and fourth cervical Spines. Cervical branches. Steadies neck. Spinalis dorsi. Last two thoracic and first two lumbar spines. Remaining th or a cic spines. Dorsal branches. Erects spinal column. MUSCLES 820 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.—Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Splenius accessorius. See Rhombo-alloid. Splenius capitis. Lower two-thirds ligamen- tum nuchae, spines of seventh cervical and first two thoracic vertebrae. Outer third of middle ob- lique line of occiput and outer surface of mastoid process. Middle cervical, pos: terior branches. Extends head and neck and rotates and flexes laterally. Splenius colli, Spines of third to sixth thoracic vertebrae. Dorsal tubercles, of transverse processes of upper three or four cervical vertebrae. Posterior divisions of lower cervical. Extends, flexes laterally, and rotates neck. Stapedius. Interior of pyramid. Neck of stapes. Facial. Sternalis. See Rectus sternalis. Depresses base of stapes. Sterno - chondro - scap- ular (anomalous). Root of coracoid process, or cephalic border of scapula. Costal cartilage of first rib, first piece of ster- num, or both. Sterno-clavicularis, an- terior. See Sterno-chondro-scapu Jar. Sterno-cleido-mastoid. Two heads, sternum and clavicle. Mastoid process and outer half of superior oblique line of occiput. Spinal accessory and cervical plexus. Depresses and rotates Sterno-facialis (anomal- ous). First piece of sternum, behind sterno-mastoid. Fascia of subclavian tri- angle. Sterno-hyoid. Sternum and clavicle. Hyoid bone. Descending and com- || Depresses hyoid. municating branches of the hypoglossal. Sterno-scapular. See Sterno-chondro-scapu lar. Sterno-thyroid. Sternum and cartilage of Side of thyroid carti- lage. Descendens and com- Depresses larynx. first rib. municans hypoglossi. Stylo-auricularis. A name given to the stylo- lossus, when it arises rom the external audi- tory meatus. ſº Stylo-chondro-hyoideus Styloid process. Lesser cornu of hyoid. (azzomalozzs). Stylo-glossus. Styloid process. Side of tongue. Hypoglossal. F. and retracts ongue. Stylo-hyoid. Styloid process. Body of hyoid. Facial. Draws hyoid , upward and backward. Stylo-hyoideus alter. See Stylo-chondro-hyoid 622&S. Stylo–hyo-thyroid eus (anomalous). Styloid process. Hyoid bone and tip of superior cornu of thy- roid cartilage. Stylo-maxillaris (anom- alozas). The stylo-hyoideus, when it extends from the sty- loid process to the angle of the lower jaw. Stylo-pharyngeus. Styloid process. Thyroid cartilage. Glosso-p h a ryngeal, Elevates pharynx. and pharyngeal plex- U1S. Subanconeus. Humerus above olecranon | Posterior ligament of Musculo-spiral. Tensor of ligament. fossa. elbow. subclavius. Cartilage of first rib. Fifth and sixth cervi- || Draws clavicle down- Inferior surface of cla- vicle. - cal ward. Subclavius posticus. See Sterno-chondro-scapſe 2ar. Subcostals. See Infracostals. Subcrureus. Anterior distal part of Synovial sac be h in d Anterior crural. Draws sac up. femur. patella. Subscapularis. Ental surface of scapula. Humerus, lesser tuber- | Subscapular. Chief internal rotator of osity, and shaft. humerus. - - Subscapularis m in or (anomalous). Axillary border of scapula. Ca ps u le of shoulder- joint or humerus. Subscapulo-capsularis. See Subscapularis minor. MUSCLES 821 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Supinator longus. External condyloid ridge of humerus. Styloid process of radi- U.S. Musculo-spiral. Flexes forearm. Supinator radii brevis. External condyle of hu- merus, oblique line of ulna. Neck of radius and its bicipital tuberosity. Posterior interos- Seoll.S. Supinates hand. Supra-clavicularis (an- omalous). Manubrium sterni. Clavicle. Supra-costalis (anomal- ows). First rib. Fourth rib. Supra-spinales. Lie on spinous processes in cervical region. Supra-spinatus. Supra-spinous fossa. Great tuberosity of hu- In eIUIS. Supra-scapular. Supports shoulder-joint, TalSeS aſſil. Tailors'. See Sartorius. Temporal. Temporal fossa and fascia. Coronoid process of mandible. Inferior maxillary. Closes mandible. Temporalis minor (an- omalous). - Interarticular fibro-carti- lages of mandible, front and back borders. Bottom of sigmoid notch of lower jaw. Tensor fasciae colli. See Sterno-facialis. Tensor fasciae plantaris (anomalous). Plantaris. Plantar fascia. Tensor palati. Scaphoid fossa and alar spine of sphenoid. About hamular process into soft palate. Otic ganglion. Renders palate tense. Tensor tarsi. Crest of lacrymal bone. Tarsal cartilages. Facial, infraorbital branch. Compresses puncta and lacrymal sac. Tensor trochleae (anom- alous). Levator palpebrae. Trochlea. Tensor tympani. Temporal bone, Eusta- chian tube and canal, sphenoid bone. - Handle of malleus. Otic ganglion. Renders tense the mem- brana tympani. Tensor vaginae femoris. Iliac crest and anterior superior spinous process. Fascia lata. Superior gluteal. . Tensor of fascia. Teres major. Inferior angle of scapula. Internal bicipital ridge | Subscapular. Draws arm downward of humerus. and backward. Teres minor. Great tuberosity of hu- Circumflex. Rotates humerus out- Axiliary border of scapu- 3. Iner UIS, ward and adducts it. Thyro-arytenoideus. Thyroid cartilage and cri- co-thyroid membrane. Arytenoid, inferior and anterior surface. Recurrent laryngeal. Relaxes vocal bands. Thyro-epiglottideus. Inner surface of thyroid cartilage, Epiglottis and aryteno- epiglottidean fold. Recurrent laryngeal. Depresses epiglottis. Thyro-hyoid. Side of thyroid cartilage. Body and greater cornu of hyoid bone. Hypoglossal. Elevates larynx. Tibialis anticus. Outer tuberosity and up- per part of shaft of tibia. Internal cuneiform and first metatarsal bone. Anterior tibial. Flexes tarsus and ele- vates inner border of foot. Tibialis posticus. Shaft of fibula and tibia, interosseous membrane. Tuberosity of scaphoid, internal cuneiform, and bases of second to fourth metatarsal. Posterior tibial. Extends tarsus and in- verts foot. Tibialis secundus (an- omalous). Back of tibia below flexor digitorum longus. Posterior part of cap- sule of ankle-joint, or annular ligament. Tibio-accessorius. See Fle:ror accessorius Jong-us digitorum pedis. Tibio-astragalus anticus (anomalous). Tibia and interosseous membrane behind tibia- lis anticus. . Neck of astragalus. Tibio-fascialis anticus (anomalous). Lower third of anterior border of tibia. Annular ligament and deep fascia. Trachealis. A transverse layer of un- striped muscular fibers at the dorsal part of the trachea. Sympathetic. MUSCLES MUSCLES 822 TABLE OF MUSCLES.–Continued. NAME. ORIGIN. INSERTION. INNERVATION. FUNCTION. Trachelo-mastoid. • Transverse processes of 3d- 6th thoracic, and ar- ticular processes of last 3 or 4 cervical vertebrae. Mastoid process. Branches of cervical. Steadies head. Tragicus. Tragus. Tragus. * Temporal and poste- rior auricular. Transversalis abdomi- 1) IS, Poupart's ligament, iliac crest, six lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae. Linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line. Intercostal, ilio-hypo- gastric, ilio-inguinal. Compresses viscera and flexes thorax. - Transversalis cervicis anticus (anomalous). A n ter i or tubercles of transverse processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae. Base of transverse pro- cess of atlas and body of axis. Transversalis cervicis medius (anomalous). Transverse processes of second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae. Sixth, and seventh cer- vical transverse pro- CeSSeS. Transversalis colli. Transverse processes of third to sixth thoracic vertebrae. Transverse processes of five lower cervical ver- tebrae. Cervical branches. Keeps neck erect. Transversus auris. Convexity of concha. Conyezity over groove of helix. Retracts helix. Temporal and posterior Transversus menti (an- omalous). Inner border of depressor anguli Oris. Corresponding art of opposite side of chin. auricular. Transversus nuchae (an- omalous). External occipital protu- berance. Aponeurosis of sterno- mastoid. Transversus orbitae (an- omalous). Orbital plate of ethmoid. Lateral wall of orbit. Transversus pedis. Head 5th metatarsal and plantar ligaments of meta- tarso-phalangeal joints. First phalanx of great toe. External plantar. Adducts great toe. Transvers us pedis superficial (anomalous). Bases of first phalanges of 2d, 3d, and 5th toes. Base of first phalanx of great toe. Transversus perinei. Ramus of ischium. Central tendon. Perineal. Tensor of central tendon. Transversus perinei, See Compressor urethrae. deep. - Trapezius. Superior curved line of Clavicle and spine of Spinal accessory and Draws head backward. occipital bone, spinous processes of last cervical and all the dorsal verte- brae. Scapula, and mion. a CIO- cervical plexus. Triangularis menti. See Depressor anguli oris. Triangularis sterni. Ensiform cartilage, costal cartilages of 3 or 4 lower true ribs, and sternum. Border of inner surfaces 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th costal cartilages. Intercostal. Expiration. Triceps (; heads) exten- sor cubiti. Erternal and internal near musculo-spiral groove, shaft of humerus; middle or long, lower margin of glenoid cavity. Olecranon process of ulna. Musculo-spiral. Extends forearm. Triticeo-glossus (anom- alous). Cartilago-triticea in the thyro-hyoid ligament. Side of tongue. Ulnaris quinti (anomal- ous). Prolongation of tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris to 1st phalanx of little finger. Ulno-carpus (anomal- ous). Lower surface of ulna. Annular ligament or one of the carpal bones. Vastus externus. Anterior border great tro- chanter and linea aspera. Tuberosity of tibia. Anterior crural. Extends leg. Vastus internus and C1'UlreuS. Inner lip of linea aspera of femur. Tuberosity of tibia. Anterior crural. Extends leg. Vesico-pubic. Urachus. Back of pubic bones. Compresses vesical wall. Sympathetic. . Wilson's. A portion of the constric- tor urethrae, g. v. Zygomaticus major et IIT II) Or. Malar bone. Angle of mouth. Facial, infraorbital branch. Elevates lip outward. MUSCULAR Muscular (mus/-ku-ler) [muscularis, of a muscle]. Pertaining to, resembling, composed of, or having well-developed, muscles. M. Fiber, a fiber of mus- cular tissue. It exists in two varieties, striped and unstriped, the latter being associated with involuntary, the former with voluntary motion. M. Force, the energy produced in muscular motion. It is thought to be derived from the oxidation of the fats or carbo- hydrates of muscular tissue. M. Hypertrophy. See Aaralysis, Pseudo-hypertrophic. M. Motion, the phenomena attending a self-produced change of position of the body or of any of its parts. It includes voluntary, involuntary, and mixed movements. See Motion. M. Plate. Same as Muscle-plate. M. Rheumatism, rheumatism affecting the muscles. Synonym of Myalgia. M. Sensations, the feelings that accom- pany the action of muscles. M. Sense, the sense of motion, weight, and position upon which the adjust- ment of the body to its surroundings depends. Sen- sory-nerve fibrils probably exist in muscles that con- vey these sensations. The capacity of experiencing muscular sensations." M. System, all the muscles of the body correlated. The totality of the muscular tissue of the body. M. Tissue, the substance of mus- cle; this appears in two principal varieties—the striped, striated, or voluntary, and the unstriped, non-striated, or involuntary. The striped muscular tissue is com- posed of muscle-fibers, the unstriped of elongated, spin- dle-shaped cells. A muscle-fiber consists: (1) of sar- colemma; (2) of muscle-nuclei; (3) of muscle-sub- stance. The sarcolemma is an elastic, homogeneous connective-tissue sheath which lightly invests the muscle-fiber. The nuclei are fusiform in shape, are situated immediately beneath the sarcolemma, and run parallel with the axis of the fiber. The muscle-fiber itself consists of two substances—a dark, doubly refracting, or anisotropic contractile substance, and a lighter, semi-fluid, isotropic substance termed sarco- plasm. The contractile substance consists of delicate spindles, the apposition of whose thicker portions produces the dark transverse disc. The spindles terminate in minute beads, the juxtaposition of which gives rise to the infermediate disc or membrane of Krause. The neutral sarcoplasm fills out the spaces left between the spindles, and, as ordinarily the taper- ing ends of the spindles are too delicate to be seen, the space between the intermediate and transverse discs— the lateral disc—looks homogeneous. The contractile fibrillae into which the contractile substance is divided, formed by the end-to-end union of the spindles, is aggregated into bundles—the muscle-columns—sur- rounded by a layer of sarcolemma. On transverse sec- tion these muscle-columns give rise to the appearance known as Cohn/heim’s fields. The muscle-fibers are held together by delicate areolar tissue, the endo- mysium. Several grouped together form a primary bund!e. Primary bundles are surrounded by a sheath termed the endomysium. Fasciculi are aggregations of primary bundles, and are the units of which the com- plete muscle is composed, the latter being surrounded by the perimysium. M. Tumor. See Myoma. Muscularis (mus-Au-la/-ris) [musculus, a muscle]. The muscular coat of an organ. M. mucosae, the layer of unstriped muscular tissue separating the mucosa (of mucous membranes) from the submucosa. Muscularity (mus-ku-/ar/-it-e) [musculus, a muscle]. The quality of being muscular. Musculation (mus-ku-la/-shum) [musculus, a muscle]. The muscular endowment of the body or a part; also the action of the muscles of the body. Musculature (mus'-ku-/a-tūr) [musculus, muscle]. The muscular system of the body, an organ, or part. 823 MUST Musculi (mus/-Au-ā) [L.J. Plural of musculus, a muscle. M. codonoides, the middle bell-muscles of a medusa. M. papillaris. See Muscles, Papillary. M. pectinati [pecten, a comb], small, muscular columns traversing the inner surface of the appendix auriculae and the adjoining portion of the wall of the auricle. M. proboscidalis, the proboscidal muscles of the Medusae. Musculin (mus/-ku-lin) [musculus, a muscle]. tract of muscle-tissue. See Organotherapy. Musculinteger (mus-Au-lin/-te-jer) [musculus, muscle; integer, whole]. A combination of several muscles functionally connected and acting as a single mus- cle. - Musculo- (mus/-Aut-lo) [musculus, a muscle]. A pre- fix to denote connection with or relation to muscular tissue. M.-aponeurotic, composed of muscle and of fibrous connective tissue in the form of a membrane. M.-cutaneous. See AVerves, Table of. M.-mem- branous, membranous and muscular in character. M.-phrenic, pertaining to the muscular portion of the diaphragm; as the musculo-phrenic artery. See Arte- nies, Table of M.-spiral. See AVerzes, Zable of Musculous (mus/-ku-/us) [musculus, muscle]. Con- taining or composed of muscle-fibers. Musculus (mus/-ku-lus). See Muscle. Muscus (mus/-Aus) [L.]. Moss; lichen. Musenin (mus/-en-in). See Moussenin. Museum (mu-ze/-um) [Moijoa, a muse]. Formerly, any library or place devoted to the arts and sciences, be- cause these were supposed to be presided over by the Muses. Any systematic collection of objects of nature or of art. Mush. A thick porridge, or boiled pudding, usually of maize meal, used as an article of diet, and also as a poultice. Mushroom (mush/-rūm). See Agaric and Fungus. Musicians' Cramp. See Cramp. Musicomania (mu-2i}-o-ma/-me-ah) [uovotkh, music; plavia, mania]. Monomania for, or insane devotion to, music. Musicotherapy (mu-zik-o'-ther’-ap-e) [uovotkh, music; 6epateta, treatment]. The use of music in the treat- ment of disease, chiefly mental and nervous diseases, and in convalescence. Musk [ME., musé, musk]. See Sumbul. Muskardine (mus'-kar-din) [F muscardine, the name of a fungus]. A disease very destructive to silk- worms in Europe during the early part of the 19th century, practically disappearing among cultivated worms after 1855; it was caused by the fungus Aotrytis bassiana, popularly called A/us/ºardine. Muskeg Moss (mus’-Aeg)[Chippewa, maskey, swamp.]. A plant of the Northwestern United States, recom- mended as a cheap and excellent absorbent material for surgical dressings. Under this name various Species of Sphagnum and Hudnum are confounded. Musomania (mu-20-ma/-ne-ah). See Musicomania. Mussanin (mus'-an-in). See Moussenin. Mussel-poisoning (mus/-/-poiz'-m-ing). The toxic effects in man sometimes resulting from eating mus- sels, especially the Mytilus edulis. See Mytiſoſorin, and Poisons, 7able of Mussitation (mus-it-a'-shun) [mussitatio; mussitare, to mutter]. The muttering frequently observed in severe illness, consisting of the movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech. Must [mustum, new wine]. The juice freshly expressed from grapes by a mechanical process. This must is submitted to the process of spontaneous fermentation, following exposure to the air. Ex- See /l/oschzes. M. Root. MUSTACHE Mustache, Moustache (mus-tash/) [Fr., from uígraš, mustache]. The beard worn on the upper lip of men. Mustard (mus/-tera) [ME., mustarde, mustard]. See Sinapis. M.-bath. See Bath. M.-plaster, a power- ful counter-irritant plaster, usually made of equal parts of ground mustard and linseed meal. See Sinapis. M.-poultice. Same as M.-plaster. Mutacism (mu'-tas -izm) [Avraktopóg, mutacism]. Mytacism; faulty speech; utterance characterized by the too frequent use of the m sound, and its substitu- tion for other sounds. Mutant (mu'-tant) [mutare, to change]. In biology, applied to any upright part the tip of which is bent Over. Mutation (mu-ta/-shun) [mutare, to change]. Change; in obstetrics, a pronounced change in the presentation of the fetus. Mute (mūt) [mutus, dumb]. Dumb. Unable to use articulate speech. Muticous (mu/-tié-us) [muticus, curtailed]. In biology, unarmed; not provided with a spine, spur, or claw; the autonym of mucronate, cuspidate, aristate, unguicu- Aate, calcarate, dentate. Mutilation (mu-fil-a/-shun) [mutilatio; mutilare, to cut]. The act of being cut or disfigured. Also, the condition of the parts remaining after the excision or amputation of a member or part. Mutinus (mu-tin/-us) [L.]. An old name for penis. Mutisia (mu-tiz'-e-ah) [after José Celestino Mutis, a S. American botanist]. The seeds of M. viciafolia, a composite-flowered plant native to Andean regions. Among the natives it has reputed qualities as a cardiac tonic, and is also used in various affections of the respiratory organs. Unof. Mutisin (mu/-tis-in) [after J. C. Mutis, a S. A. botan- ist]. The active principle of Mutisia ziciaſolia. Mutism (mu'-tizm) [mutus, dumb]. Dumbness. See AZutitas. Mutitas (mu'-tit-as) [mutus, mute]. Dumbness. M. atonica, dumbness arising from disorder of the nerves of the tongue. M. organica, that from loss of the tongue. M. pathematica, dumbness caused by fright or passion. M. spasmodica, spasmodic dumb- ness. M. Surdorum, dumbness consequent upon con- genital deafness. Mutton (mut/-m) [montonus, a sheep). sheep. Mutualism (muſ-chu-a/-äzm) [mutuus, reciprocal]. A form of commensalism ; the living together of two organisms of different species for the sake of the advantage that each one derives from the presence of the other. See Symbiosis. Mutualist (mu/-chu-al-ist) [mutuus, reciprocal]. An organism living with another in a state of mutualism. Muzzle (muz/-/) [ME., muzle, muzzle]. The pro- jecting jaws and nose of an animal; a snout. Muzzling (muz/-ling). Same as ſºftöulation. Myalgia (mi-a/-je-ah) [uig, muscle; &Ayoc, pain]. Any pain of the muscles; muscular rheumatism. M. rheumatica. Synonym of Myalgia or //uscular A'/hezemzatism. Myalgic (mi-a/-jić) [uiç, muscle; &Ayoc, pain]. taining to or affected with myalgia. Myameba (mi-am-e'-ba/) [uffº, muscle; ama-ba, a unicellular organism]. In biology, a muscle-cell regarded as an organism. Cf. Meurameba, Osteameba. Myasis (mi-a/-sis). See Myiosis. Myasthenia (mi-as-ſhe/-ne-ah) [uic, muscle; āofféveto, weakness]. Muscular debility. Myasthenic (mi-as-then/-i}) [uiç, muscle; &offéveta, weakness]. Characterized by myasthenia. Mycele (mi-se/). Same as Mycelium. The flesh of Per- 824 MYCODESMOIDS Mycelial (mi-seſ-le-al) [uíkm.c, fungus; #20g, nail, wart]. Pertaining to mycelium. Mycelium (mi-seſ-le-um) [uíkmg, a fungus; #20g, nail, wart, excrescence]. In biology, a collective term for the vegetative hyphae of fungi, usually forming interwoven masses. Mycetes (mi-se’-tez) [uíkmg, fungus]. The fungi. Mycetogenesis (mi-set-o-jen/-es-is) [uíkmg, fungus; yévêqug, genesis]. Development of fungi. - Mycetogenetic (mi-set-o-jen-et/-īk) [uíkm; ; pl., uſkerec, a fungus; yévmotç, genesis]. Produced or caused by the growth of fungi. - Mycetogenous (mi-set-oj/-em-us) [uík/g, a fungus: Yevhſ, producing]. Same as Mycetogenetic. Mycetography (mi-set-og/-ra-ſe). Synonym of Mycol- ogy. Mycetoid (mi'-set-oid) [učkmg, fungus; elóoç, like]. Resembling a fungus. - Mycetology (mi-set-o/-o-je) [uíkmg, a fungus; Wöyoç, science]. Same as Mycology. Mycetoma (mi-set-o’-mah). See Fungus Foot. Mycetophagous (mi-set-off’-ag-us) [uíkmg, a fungus; payeiv, eat]. In biology, feeding upon fungi ; fungiv- OTOUIS. Mycetozoa (mi-set-o-zo/-ah) [uíkmg, fungus; ſóov, animal]. A group of fungus-like saprophytic organ- isms, the slime-fungi or slime-molds. Most naturalists class them as fungi or as plant-growths of low type; but by E. R. Lankester and his followers they are grouped with the protozoa or lowest animal forms; while according to a third view they are reckoned as protists or living organisms not decisively classifiable as either plants or animals. Mycetozoic (mi-set-o-zo/-ić) [uíkmg, fungus; animal]. zoön. Mycetozoön (mi-set-o-zo’-on) [uíkm.c, fungus; (pov, animal]. Any organism belonging to the class my- CetoZOa. -- Mychmus, Mychthismus (mik/-mus, mik-thiz'-mus) [uvX/16g, plv2.6topičg, from piùùelv, to moan]. Sighing. Mycocellulose (mi-ko-se/-u-lóz) [uijkmſ, fungus; cellula, a little cell]. Fungin; a variety of cellulose forming the basis of Fungi. See Fungin. Mycoderm (mi/-ko-derm) [uikoç, mucus; 68pua, skin]. The mucous membrane. Mycoderma (mi-/*o-der/-mah) [uíkmg, fungus; 68ppia, skin]. A genus of fungi forming like a membrane upon or in fermenting liquors. M. aceti, the micro- organism of acetous fermentation, constituting the mother of vinegar. M. albicans, Saccharomyces albicans, g. v. M. of Beer, acetic skin; a pellicle composed of fungi found on the surface of beer and other liquids deficient in fruit acids. M. sacchari and M. vini, alcoholic ferments. See under Bac- teria, Synonymatic Zable of Mycodermis (mi-40-der/-mis) [uðkºç, fungus; 68ppa, skin]. A genus of microbic or fungoid organisms, species of which have been reported as found in the squamae of certain skin-diseases, especially favus. Mycodermitis (mi-ko-der-mi/-tis) [uíkoç, mucus; 6%ppa, skin; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a mucous surface. Mycodermosphacelus (mi - Áo-der-mo -sſas/-el-us) [uíkoç, mucus; 68ppia, skin; opáke?og, gangrene]. A gangrenous affection of the mucous membrane of any part. - Mycodesmoids (mi-Ao-dez/- moids) [uíkmg, fungus; 6éoplm, a bundle; elóog, like]. A disease of horses characterized by circumscribed growths in the con. nective tissue. See Micrococcºts botryogenus, Rabe, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Çov, Of the nature of a slime-fungus or myceto- MYCODIARRHEA Mycodiarrhea (mi-ko-di-ar-e'-ah) [uikoç, fungus; 6tá, through; hoia, a flow]. I. A mycotic diarrhea. 2. A mucous diarrhea. Mycodysenteria (mi-ko-dis-en-te/-re-ah) [uíkoç, mucus; ôvoevrepia, dysentery]. Catarrhal dysentery. Mycodyspnea (mi-ko-disp-me/-ah) [uíkoç, mucus; 6vc-, difficult; tryéetv, to breathe]. Dyspnea due to accu- mulations of mucus in the air-passages. Mycogastritis (mi - Áo-gas - tri/- £is) [ſuikoç, mucus; yaothp, stomach; trug, inflammation]. Catarrhal gas- tritis. Mycography (mi-kog/-ra-fe). Synonym of Mycology. Mycohemia (mi-ko-hem/-e-a/.) [Azökmg, fungus; alua, blood]. A generic name for affections caused by the presence of microörganisms in the blood. Mycoid (mi'-koid) [uíkmg, fungus; eiðog, form]. Re- sembling, or appearing like, a fungus; fungoid. Mycology (mi-ko!’-o-je) [uíkmg, a fungus; Žáyog, sci- ence]. In biology, the science of fungi. Mycomycetes (mi-ko-mi-se/-tez) [uíkmg, fungus]. Fungi reproducing by oëspores or zygospores. Myconostoc [mi-ko-nos/-tok) [uíkmg, fungus; mostoc). A genus of schizomycetes. M. gregarium, a species of microörganisms arranged in interlacing threads and surrounded by a gelatinous capsule; it is probably identical with Cladothrix dichotoma. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Mycophagy (mi-koff’-aj-e) [uíkmc, a fungus; payia, from payeiv, to eat]. In biology, the eating of fungi. Mycophlyzacium (mi-ko-fliz-a/-se-um) [uūkoç, mucus; p?vſåktov, a small blister]. A blister or pustule upon a mucous surface. Mycophthalmia (mi-koff-tha/-me-ah) ſubknc, fungus; ôp6ažuía, ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia due to a fungus. Mycophthisis (mi-koff’-this-is). Synonym of Bron- chorrhea. Mycophylaxin (mi-ko-fi/-afts/-īn) [uíkmg, a fungus; 60%aš, a protector]. Any microbicidal phylaxin. See Proteids, Defensive. - Mycopmeumonypostasis (mi-ko-nu-mon-ip-os'-tas-is) [uikoç, mucus; Tveiptov, lung; itão Taoig, settling]. The settling of the mucus in the dependent portions of the lungs. - Mycoprotein (mi-Éo-pro’-fe-in) [uíkmg, a fungus; pro- tein (from Tpārog, first); Mulder's term for the hypo- thetic substance common to all albuminous bodies], C, 52.32 per cent.; H, 7.55 per cent. ; N, 14.75 per cent. In biology, the vegetable albuminoid or proto- plasmic substance of bacteria, first analyzed and de- scribed by Nencki; fungus-protein. It contains no sulphur and no phosphorus, and is not precipitated by alcohol. Mycorthopnea (mik-or-ſhop-me'-ah) [uikoç, mucus; ôp6óg, straight; Tuota, breathing]. Orthopnea caused by excessive secretion of mucus in the bronchial tubes. Mycose (mi'-köz) [uíkmg, fungus], Cº, H.On 4-2H,O. Trehalose, a substance that occurs in several species of fungi, in ergot of rye, and in the oriental Trehala. It is distinguished from cane-sugar by its ready solu- bility in alcohol, greater stability, and stronger rotatory power. It does not reduce copper-solutions. See Carbohydrates, Table of Mycosis (mi-Ao’-sis) [uijkmg, fungus]. Granuloma fungoides; Eczema hypertrophicum ; Inflammatory fungoid neoplasm; Lymphoderma permiciosa ; Ul- cerative scrofuloderma; Fibroma fungoides. I. Any disease of the skin characterized by soft mammillated tumors, showing an abnormal growth of lymphatic glands, which frequently develop into fungous ulcers. 2. A mucous tumor or polypoid growth. 3. The in- fluence of microphytes upon the health or disease of the body. 4. Any disease caused by the presence of 825 MYDRIASIS pathogenic microbes in the organism. . M., Acute, of the Blood, a name proposed by Neelsen for septic intoxication from the presence of microbes in the blood. M. fungoides. See Granuloma fungoides. M. furfuracea. Synonym of Pityriasis versicolor. M. intestinalis. Synonym of Anthrax. M. micro- sporina. Synonym of Tinea versicolor. M. oris, the disease caused by Oidium albicans or Zeptothrix buccalis, consisting of grayish or black deposits on the tongue and buccal mucosa, usually with constitutional symptoms. M. pulmonum. See Pneumonomycosis. M. pustulosa, parasitic sycosis; also impetigo. M. tonsillaris benigna, the name applied by Fränkel to a peculiar form of pharyngeal disease induced by the undue accumulation of leptothrix upon the pha- ryngeal structures. The condition is also called by Heryng “Pharyngomykosis leptothricia.” M., Toxic, of the Blood, putrid intoxication or sapremia, death being due to poisoning by ptomains. Mycosozin (mi-ko-so/-zin) [uikmg, a fungus; ooſelv, to save]. Any sozin that acts by the destruction of microbes. See Proteids, Defensive. Mycothrix (mi-koth/-riks) [uikmſ, fungus; 6pt:, hair]. The thread-like element in the structure of a micro- COCCUIS. Mycotic (mi-kot/-i}) [uíkmc, fungus]. Characterized by mycosis; due to the presence of Some pathogenic microörganism. M. Endocarditis, that due to mi- croörganismal infection. A synonym of ulcerative or malignant endocarditis. Mycterophonia (mik-ter-o-fo/-ne-ah) [uvKTàp, nose; ©ová, voice]. A nasal quality of the voice. Mydalein (mi-da/-le-in) [uvöažéoç, putrid]. A ptomain obtained from putrefying cadaveric organs. It is present in liver, spleen, etc., after some days of putre- faction, but it is not obtainable before the third or fourth week. It has a specific action as a poison, producing maximum dilatation of the pupil, injection of the ear-vessels, elevation of temperature, peristaltic action of the intestines. Post-mortem examination shows contraction of the bladder and intestines, and the stopping of the heart in diastole. Animals recover from small doses. See Pºomains, 7 able of Mydatoxin (mi-dat-oks/-īn) [uvöáelv, to be wet; Toštków, poison], C, HaNO3. A ptomain obtained from horse- flesh and human flesh after four months of decomposi- tion. It is toxic, producing lacrymation, diarrhea, and dyspnea in animals, but is not an active poison. A base, C, H, NO, with which it is associated, is, however, a very violent poison, producing effects partly like those of curara and partly like those of mussel-poisoning— paralysis a few minutes after injection, with preserva- tion of certain reflexes while the animal cannot move from its place. The same effects are produced by mydatoxin, but more slowly. See Pºomains, 7able of Mydesis (mi-de/-sis) [uv6āv, to be damp]. Putrefac- tion; also, a discharge of pus from the eyelids. Mydin (mi/-din) [uíðog, damp, decay], CsPIn NO. A non-poisonous ptomain obtained by Brieger from the putrefaction of human internal organs. The free base is strongly alkaline, has an ammoniacal odor, and is characterized by its strong reducing-properties. See Alomain;, Table of Mydriasis (mid-ri’-as-is) [uvéptagic, mydriasis]. Ab- normal dilatation of the pupil of the eye. The word is also used to denote paralysis of the accommodation, an effect resulting from the use of most mydriatics. M., Paralytic, that due to paralysis of the oculo-motor nerve. M., Spasmodic, M., Spastic, that form caused by over-action of the sympathetic or dilator nerve of the iris. M., Spinal, that produced by irritation of the cilio-spinal center of the cord. MY DRIATIC Mydriatic (mid-re-at'-ić) [uvéptaouc, dilatation of the pupil]. I. Causing mydriasis, or paralysis of the ciliary muscle. mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil. Myectopy (mi-ek/-to-pe) [uiç, muscle; Šktotrog, dis- placed]. The abnormal placement of a muscle. Myedema (mi-e-de/-mah). Synonym of Myoidema. Myel (mi/-el) [uve?6g, marrow]. The spinal cord. Myelalgia (mi-el-a/-je-a/a) [uve?óg, marrow ; &Ayoc, pain]. Any pain in the spinal cord. Myelalgic (mi-el-a/-jić) [uve?6ç, marrow ; &Wyoç, pain]. Pertaining to or characterized by myelalgia. Myelanalosis (mi-el-an-al-o'-sis) [uve/6c, marrow ; âvážoolg, wasting]. Same as Myelatrophy; tabes dorsalis. Myelapoplexy (mi-el-ap/-o-pleks-e) [uvežóg, myelon; âtroſt?/šía, a stupor]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. Myelasthenia (mi-el-as-the-ne-ah) [uve?óg, myelon; dofféveta, weakness]. Spinal neurasthenia. Myelatelia (mi-el-at-e'-le-a/.) [uvežóg, myelon; & priv.; TéWoç, completion]. Imperfect development of spinal marrow or of bone-marrow. Myelatrophia, Myelatrophy (mi-elat-ro' ~fe-ah, mi-el- at/-ro-ſe) [uve/.6c, marrow ; itpopia, wasting]. Any wasting or atrophy of the spinal cord due to spinal disease. Myelauxe (mi-el-awks’-e) [uve?6g, marrow; atºm, in- crease]. Morbid enlargement of the myel. Myelaxis (mi-el-aks/-īs) [uve?6c, myelon ; axis, axis]. The neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis. Myelemia (mi-el-e'-me-a/). Synonym of Myelogenic Aleukemia. Myelencephal (mi-el-en-sef’-al). cephalon. Myelencephalic (mi-el-en-seſ-a/-i}) [pive?óg, myelon; #yképañog, brain]. Relating to the myelencephalon. Myelencephalon (mi-el-en-sef’-al-on). I. The cerebro- spinal axis. 2. See Metencephalom. Myeleterosis (mi-el-et-er-o/-sis) [uve?óg, marrow; âtépoqug, alteration]. Any morbid alteration of the spinal cord. Same as Myelen- Myelic (mi-e/-ić) [uve?óg, marrow]. Pertaining to the myel. Myelin (mîſ-el-in) [uve26g, marrow], Ciołłis NPOlo. A name given by Thudichum to a substance obtained from the white matter of the brain. It occurs usually as a white, amorphous, ivory-like mass, but crystallizes from an ethereal or alcoholic solution. In a wider sense, any member of the myelin group may be called a myelin. Upomyelin, Paromyelin, Amido-myelin, and Sphingo-myelin differ from myelin mainly in contain- ing one or more additional nitrogenous radicles. The “white substance of Schwann '' and the ordinary brain-juice are also called myelin. See Organo- therapy. Myelinic (mi-el-in/-ić) [uve?óg, marrow]. Relating to myelin. M. Nerve-fiber, the medullated nerve-fiber. Myelitic (mi-el-it/-ä) [uvežág, marrow ; attg, inflamma- tion]. Pertaining to or affected with myelitis. Myelitis (mi-el-i/-tis) [uve?óg, marrow ; trug, inflamma- tion]. I. Inflammation of the spinal cord. 2. In- flammation of bone-marrow ; osteomyelitis. See also Poliomyelitis, Zeuko-myelitis, and Meningo-myelitis. M., Acute, that due to exposure to cold, injuries, or to acute general diseases; it is attended with sensory dis- turbances and motor paralysis, complete or incomplete, according to the part of the cord involved and the de- gree of the inflammation. M., Ascending, a form in which the inflammation travels up the cord. M., Bulbar, that affecting the medulla and manifesting itself in disturbances of the cardio-respiratory appa- 2. A medicine or agent that causes * f Y 826 MYELOHYPHAE ratus, dysphagia, vomiting, and other symptoms. M., Central, myelitis limited chiefly to the gray matter of the cord. M., Chronic, a slowly advancing myelitis, presenting generally the same features as acute mye- litis, but extended over a longer period. M., Com- pression, the term applied to inflammation of the spinal cord secondary to compressing lesions outside of the cord (caries, carcinoma, or exostosis of the verte- brae, aneurysm) or to tumors of the cord itself. M., Concussion, that due to concussion, direct or indirect. M. convulsiva. See ZXuðīnā’s ZXisease. M., Cor- nual, inflammation affecting the anterior or posterior cornua, M., Descending, a form in which the in- flammation extends downward, following the pyram- idal pathways. M., Diffuse, widely distributed in- flammation of the cord involving large areas. M., Disseminated, when there are several foci. M., Focal, when a small area is affected. M., Hemor- rhagic, myelitis associated with or dependent upon hemorrhage. M., Meningo-, a combination of meningitis and myelitis. M., Pressure. See M., Compression. M. Sclerotic, a form characterized by overgrowth of the interstitial tissue, which under- goes contraction, producing an increase of hardness of the cord. M., Systemic, a variety in which the inflammation is confined to distinct systems or tracts of the cord. M., Transverse, a form in which the inflammatory area extends through a transverse section of the cord. M., Traumatic, myelitis follow- ing direct injury. M., Unilateral, a form in which the lesions are confined to one side of the cord. Myelo- (mi/-el-o-) [uve?óg, marrow]. A prefix denoting reference to or connection with the spinal cord, or, more rarely, with some other medullary substance. Myelocele (mi’-el-o-sé/) [uve?óg, marrow; Kolāſa, cavity]. I. The central canal of the spinal cord. 2. [khºm, tumor]. See Spina ºftda. Myelocerebellar (mi-el-o-ser-e-be’-ar) [uvežóg, marrow; cerebellum, cerebellum]. Relating to the spinal cord and the cerebellum. Myelochysis (mi-el-o/-is-is) [uve?6ç, marrow ; xúoug, a pouring]. Hydrorrhachis. Protrusion of the spinal In 21 roW. - Myelocoelia (mi-el-o-seſ-le-ah). See Myeloceſe. Myelocystic (mi-el-o-sis/-tić) [uve?óg, marrow; Küotic, cyst]. Both myeloid and cystic. Myelocystocele (mi-el-o-sis/-to-sé!) [uve?óg, marrow ; küorig, cyst; kážm, tumor]. A cystic tumor of the myelon. Myelocystomeningocele (mi-el-o-sis-to-men-in/-go-sel) [uvežóg, marrow ; Küorg, cyst; Alīvyš, membrane; ºff?m, tumor]. Spina bifida in which the tumor con- tains myelic substance, membranes, and fluid. Myelocyte (mi/-el-o-sit) [uvežóg, marrow ; kitoc, cell]. 1. Properly, a marrow-cell. 2. Any free nucleus of a central or ganglionic nerve-cell. Myelodiastasis (mi-el-o-di-asſ-tas-is) [uve?6ç, marrow ; ôtáataotº, separation]. Severance or disintegration of the spinal cord. Myelodiastema (mi-el-o-di-as-te/-mah). Myelodiastasis. r Myelogenic (mi-el-o-jen’-ić) [uve?óg, marrow ; Yevvāv, to produce]. Originating in marrow ; producing a marrow-like substance. M. Leukemia, leukemia due to disease of the marrow of bones. Myelogenous (mi-el-oj/-em-us) [uve?óg marrow ; Yeuvâv, to produce]. Originating in marrow. M. Ossifica- tion, ossification taking place from the marrow of bone. Myelohyphae (mi-el-o-hi’-ſe) [uvežóg, marrow; iff, web: prop. myelyphae]. In biology, applied to the hyphae of lichens which differ from those of ordin- Synonym of MYELOID 8 ary fungi in being rigid, elastic, in containing lichenin, in not becoming putrid by maceration, and in lacking the faculty of penetrating. Myeloid (mi’-el-oid) [uve?6c, marrow; eidoc, like]. Resembling marrow in structure or appearance. Also applied to a form of sarcoma distinguished by the presence of multinucleated cells. Myeloidin (mi-el-oid/-in) [uvež6ç, marrow; eiðoç, like]. A nitrogenous substance containing phosphorus, found in brain-matter. Myeloma (mi-el-o'-mah) [uvežág, marrow; bud, tumor: pl., Myelomata]. I. A tumor or enlargement of the medullary substance of the brain or cord. 2. A giant- celled sarcoma. Myelomalacia (mi-el-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [uve?óg, marrow ; plažakia, softening]. A softening of the spinal cord. Myelomalacosis, Myelomalaxis (mi-el-o-mal-ak-o'- sis, mi-el-o-mal-aks/-is). Synonym of Myelomalacia. Myelomargarin (mi-el-o-mar/-gar-in) [uve26g, mar- row ; plápyapog, the pearl-Oyster], CnHgsO3. A body found in the so-called cerebrin of brain-substance. It is soluble in hot water, in ether, and in alcohol. Myelomeningitis (mi-el-o-men-in-ji’-tis) [uve?óg, mar- row; puffviyº, a membrane; trug, inflammation]. In- flammation of the membranes investing the spinal cord; spinal meningitis. Myelo-meningocele (mîſ-el-o-men-in/-go-sel). nym of Spina bifida. Myelomyces (mi-el-om/-is-ez) [uve?6c, marrow; piùkmg, fungus]. A fungoid growth of the spinal cord. Myelon (miſ-el-on) [uvežág, marrow]. The spinal cord, or Medulla spinalis. Myelonal, Myelonic (mi-el/- on -al, mi-el-on/-i}) [uve?6ç, marrow]. Pertaining to the myelon. Myeloparalysis (mi-el-o-par-al/-is-is) [uve?óg, marrow; trapáWvolç, paralysis]. Spinal paralysis. Myelopathic (mi-el-o-path/-ić) [uve?6ç, marrow; tróðog, disease]. Relating to a myelopathy. Myelopathy (mi-el-op/-ath-e) [uve?óg, marrow; tāffog, disease]. Any disease of the spinal cord. Myelophthisis (mi-el-off’-this-is). Synonym of Zabes dorsalis. Myelophyma (mi-el-o-fi/-mah) [uvežóg, marrow ; pipia, a growth J. A. tuberculous growth in the meninges of the spinal cord. Myeloplacque (mi/-el-o-plaß) [uve?6ç, marrow; Tāāś, plate]. A giant-cell of the spinal marrow ; an osteoclast; a myeloplax. Myeloplast (mi’-el-o-plast) [uvežáç, marrow; tržaaróg, shaped]. Any giant-cell of the marrow. The myelo- plasts are regarded by some as the main seat of the formation of red blood-discs. Myeloplax (mi/-el-o-plažs) [uve?óg, marrow; Tāāş, a placque: pl., Myeloplaxes]. In histology, one of the large multinucleated cells frequently found upon the inner surface of bone, and concerned in its destruc- tion; they are the myeloplacques of Robin and other French histologists, and the osteoclasts (bone-de- stroyers) of Kölliker. Cf. Myeloplacque. Myeloplaxoma (mi-el-o-plažs-o'-mah)[uvéâóg, marrow; TAd;, plate ; Śpia, tumor]. A tumor containing mye- loplaxes. Myeloplegia (mi-el-o-ple/je-ah)[uvežóg, marrow; trämyń, a stroke]. Paralysis of spinal origin. Myelorrhagia (mi-el-or-a/-je-ah) [uve?óg, marrow; bmyvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. Myelosarcoma (mi-el-o-sar-ko'-mah). Same as Osteo- Sø7°CO/?? (?, Myelosclerosis (mi-el-o-skle-ro’-sis) [uve?6ç, marrow; okAmpóg, hard]. Sclerosis of the spinal cord or of the marrow of bones. Syno- 7 MYLOGLOSSUS Myelosis (mi-el-o/-sis) [uvežág, marrow]. The growth or existence of a myeloma. * Myelospongium (mi-el-o-spun/-je-um) [uvežág, mar- row; otóyyoc, sponge]. A network in the wall of the neural canal of the embryo, composed of processes given off by the outer extremities of the columnar cells called spongioblasts. Myelospongus (mi-el-o-spun/-gus) [uvežóg, marrow ; oróyyog, a fungus]. An encephaloid growth. Myelosyringosis (mi’-el-o-si-rin-go’-sis). Synonym of Syringomyelia. Myelovaricosis (mi-el-o-var-ić-o/-sis) [uvežág, mar- row; varix, varix]. A varicosity of the myelin- sheath of a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. Myelozoön (mi-el-o-zo/-on [uve?óg, marrow; ſºov, life]. A vertebrate possessing a spinal cord, but no brain. Myelyperemia (mi-el-iſ-er-e'-me-a/.) [uve?óg, marrow ; intép above; alua, blood]. Hyperemia of the spinal cord. Myenergia (mi-en-er/-je-ah) [uiç, muscle; Śvēpyeta, energy]. Muscular energy. Myenergic [mi-en-er/-již) [uig, muscle; energy]. Relating to myenergia. Myentasis (mi-en/-as-is) [uic, muscle; Švragg, stretch]. The extension or stretching of a muscle. Myenteric (mi-em-ter/-ić) [uiç, muscle; £vrepov, intes- tine]. Relating to the muscular coat of the intestine. Myiasis (mi-i/-as-is) [uvia, fly]. See Myiosis. Myiocephalon (mi-i-o-sef’-al-on) [uvia, fly; Rega%ff, head]. A minute prolapse of the iris through a cor- neal perforation, so called from its resemblance to the head of a fly. Myiodeopsia (mi-i-o-de-op’ -se-ah), Myiodesopsia (mi-i-o-des-op/-se-ah) [uvuòóng, fly-like; 6 pug, vision]. The subjective appearance of muscae volitantes. Myiosis (mi/-i-o-sis) [uvia, a fly]. Hugo Summe's term for the diseased condition produced by the pres- ence of parasitic dipterous larvae, and incorrectly called Myasis by Hope, and Myiasis by Joseph. The pre- sence of larvae of flies, or maggots, in or on the body, as in the nose or ear, in a wound, or upon mucous membranes. M. aurium, M. narium, M. vulnerum, the presence of maggots in the ears, nose and wounds respectively. The disease is known in the East as Peenash. Myistos, Myistus (mi-is/-fos, mi-is/-tus) [uiç, muscle; to Tóg, tissue]. Muscular tissue. Myitis (mi-fi/-tis) [uiç, muscle; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a muscle. Mykosis (mi-ko/-sis). See Mycosis. Mylabris (mil-ab’-ris) [uv%agpic, from utºm, mill]. A genus of old-world blister-flies, some of which are used like cantharides. Unof. Mylacephalus (mi-las-ef’-a/-us) [uve26g, massive; ā priv.; Kepažň, head]. The lowest variety of the aceph- alous species of omphalositic monsters. There is such imperfect development of the fetus that the condition is but a degree above that of fetus amorphus or fetus amideus. Mylacri (mil/-ak-ri) [uvâakpig, mill-stone]. The molar teeth. Mylacris (mil/-ak-ris) [uvžakpic]. Myle (mi'-le) [uížm, mill]. tella. 3. Maxilla. Mylic (mil/-ić) [uížm, mill]. Pertaining to the molar teeth; relating to a uterine mole. Mylo- (mi’-lo-) [uv%óg, mill]. A prefix denoting con- nection with the lower jaw or the molar teeth. Mylodus (mi-lo'-dies) [uížm, mill; 6óoig, tooth: pl., Mylodontes]. A molar tooth. Myloglossus (mi-lo-'glosſ-us) [uížm, mill; yżóoga, tongue]. A portion of the superior constrictor of the f £vépyeta, The patella. I. Uterine mole. 2. Pa- MYLOHYOID pharynx—that which arises from the mylo-hyoid ridge of the lower jaw. Also, an anomalous slip joining the styloglossus. Mylohyoid, Mylohyoidean (mi-lo-hi/-oid, mi-Jo-hi- oid-e'-an) [utºm, mill; ioetóñc, hyoid]. Pertaining to the lower molar teeth and the hyoid bone. M. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Mynsicht's Elixir. Aromatic sulphuric acid. Myo- (mi'-o-) [uiç, a muscle]. A prefix signifying mus- cle. M.-albuminose, one of the proteids of muscle- plasma, closely associated with the myosin-ferment. See Muscle-plasma. M.-albumose, Myoproteose, a proteid substance of muscle-plasma closely connected, or identical, with the myosin-ferment, and having the general properties of deutero-albumose. M.-globu- lin, a substance obtained from muscle, closely resem- bling serum-globulin in its properties. Its coagulation- temperature is 63°C., however, while that of serum- globulin is 75° C. Myoatrophy (mi-o-at'-ro-ſe) [uiç, muscle; ātpopia, atrophy]. Atrophy of a muscle. Myoblast (mi'-o-blast) [uic, muscle; 3Waoréc, germ]. In biology, a muscle-forming cell; a descendant of the cells which at an early stage of the metazoan embryo sink below the level of the epithelium to which they belonged. M. epitheliales, epithelial muscular cells, neuro-muscular cells, tela muscularis epithelialis. M. mesodermales, mesodermal muscular cells, tela muscularis mesodermalis. Myoblastic (mi-o-blas/-tiâ) [uic, muscle; 3Wagróg, germ]. Relating to or of the nature of a myo- blast. Myocarditis (mi-o-kar-di/-tis) ſuic, muscle; Kapóía, heart; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mus- cular tissue of the heart; it may be parenchymatous or interstitial. M., Segmenting, a form characterized by separation of the muscle-cells from softening of the cement-substance. Myocardium (mi-o-kar/-de-um) [uic, muscle; Kapóta, heart]. The muscular structure of the heart. Myocele (mi'-o-sel) [uiç, muscle; káàm, tumor]. The protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath. Myocelialgia (mi-o-se-le-a/-je-ah) [uig, muscle; kotăţa, cavity; &Wyog, pain]. Pain in the muscles of the abdomen. Myocelitis (mi-o-se-li/-tis) [uiç, muscle; Kolāſa, cavity; 4Tag, .inflammation]. Inflammation of the abdominal muscles. Myocelome (mi-o-se/-lóm) [uiç, muscle; kotăța, cavity]. The cavity of a protovertebra or myotome. Myocephalon (mi-o-sef’-a/-on). Synonym of Myio- cephalon. Myochorditis (mi-o-kor-di/-tis) [uic, muscle; xopó%, cord ; itag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscles of the larynx and the vocal bands. Myochrome (mi'-o-Arām) [uiç, muscle; xpóſia, color]. Myohematin, 7. z. Myochronoscope (mi-o-Aro/-no-sköp) [uig, muscle; Apóvoç, time; okoteiv, to examine]. An instrument for measuring the rapidity of muscular contraction or the propagation of a nerve-stimulus through a muscle. Myoclonia (mi-o-A/o/-ne-ah) [uig, muscle; khôvoç, spasm]. Clonic spasm of the muscles. Myoclonus (mi-o/-/o-mus) [uic, muscle; KA6vog, clonus]. Clonic spasm of a muscle, or of various muscles. M. multiplex. See Paramyoclonus mul- tiplex. Myocoele (mi/-o-så/) [uig (uvág), a muscle; Kotăţa, a cavity]. Hatschek's term for the thick epithelium of the ental wall of the dorsal segments of the am- phioxus larva, which produces the muscles of the entodermal side of the cavity of the segments. 828 Myodes (mi-o'-dez) [uig, muscle; elóog, like]. MYOGRAM Myocolpitis (mi-o-kol.pi/ ...} [uiç, muscle; kóAtroc, vagina ; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscular coat of the vagina. Myocomma (mi-o-Aom/-ah) [uiç, muscle; kóppa, seg- ment: pl., Myocommata]. Any one of the trans- verse segments into which embryonic muscle-tissue is divided. In adult man, some of the muscles exhibit traces of these primitive myocommata. A myotome, or muscular metamere, a segment of the grand muscle lateral of Cuvier. Myocrismus (mi-o-Ariz'-mus) [uiç, muscle; Kpigetv, to creak]. A creaking sound heard over muscles. during contraction. Myoctonin (mi-ok'-to-min) [uic, mouse; kretvetv, to kill]. A bitter extractive of Aconitum lycoctonum, a powerful poison resembling curare in action. Unof. Myocyst (mi'-o-sist) [uiç, muscle; Küorig, cyst]. A cystic tumor of a muscle. - Myocyte (mi'-o-sit) [uiç, muscle; kirog, cell]. A muscle-cell; a structural element conspicuous in the histology of certain of the lower animals. Myodemia (mi-o-deſ-me-ah) [uic, muscle; 6muóg, fat]. The fatty degeneration of muscle. Myoderma (mi-o-der/-mah) [uig (uvóc), a muscle; ôépua, the skin]. In biology, the muscular layer or “lamina muscularis” of the invertebrate ectoplasm. Cf. Myophan. I. Re- sembling muscle; muscular. 2. The platysma, or fleshy expansion of the neck. See Muscles, Table of. Myodesopsia (mi-o-dez-ops/-e-ah) See Myiodesopsia. Myodiastasis (mi-o-di-as/-tas-is) [uiç, muscle; juá, a part; otáotç, a standing]. I. The separation that takes place between the ends of a cut muscle. 2. The traumatic injury of a muscle by straining or stretching. Myodopsia (mi-o-dop/-se-ah). Synonym of Myiodesopsia. Myodynamia (mi-o-di-na/-me-ah) [uiç, muscle; 60- vaulſ, force]. Muscular power or strength. Myodynamic (mi-o-di-nam/-īk) [uig, muscle; 6üvapuc, power]. Pertaining to the force of muscular contrac- tion. Myodynamics (mi-o-di-nam/-iks) [uiç, muscle; 6üvapuc, power]. The mechanics of muscular action. Myodynamometer (mi-o-di-nam-om/-et-er) [uiç, mus- cle; 60 vapug, power; uérpov, measure] An instru- ment for measuring muscular strength. Myodynia (mi-o-dim/-e-ah) Luig, muscle ; botvm, pain]. Pain in the muscles. - Myoendocarditis [mi-o-en-do-kar di/-tis) [uic, muscle; êvãog, within ; Kapóta, heart; trug, inflammation]. Simultaneous inflammation of the endocardium and the myocardium. Myofibroma (mi-o-ft-bro'-mah) ſuic, muscle; ſibra, fiber; Śpia, tumor; pl. , Myoftbromata]. A muscular tumor containing fibrous elements. Such tumors are common in the walls of the uterus. Myogaster (mi/-o-gas-fer)[uig, muscle; Yaothp, belly]. The belly of a muscle. Myogenesis (mi-o-jen/-es-is) ſuic, muscle; yéveotg genesis]. The development of muscular tissue. Myogenic (mi-o-jen/-ić) [uic, muscle; Yevvāv, to pro- duce]. Of muscular origin. Myognathus (mi-og/-na-thus) [uiç, muscle; , Yváffoc, jaw]. A form of double monstrosity in which the accessory head is joined to the autosite by means of muscle and integument only. # Myogonic (mi-o-gon/-ić) [uic, muscle; yíyveoffat, to be bornj. Inherent in muscle, as contractile power. Myogram (mī’-o-gram) [uiç, muscle; Ypáppa, , a marking]. The muscle-curve as inscribed by the myograph. * MYOGRAPH Myograph (mi/-o-graf) [uig, muscle; Ypádelv, to write]... An instrument for determining the duration of each phase of a muscular contraction. M., Cardiac, the cardiograph, q. v. M., Palate, an in- SCHEME OF v. HELMHOLTz’s MYOGRAPH. M. Muscle fixed in a clamp, K. F. Writing style... P. Weight or counterpoise for the lever. W. Scale-pan for weights. S, S. Supports for the lever. strument that records the movements of the uvula and soft palate during speaking and swallowing. It consists of a rod which is introduced through the nose and rests against the soft palate, while the other end records the movements on a drum. Myographer' (mi-og/-ra-fer) [uic, muscle; Ypáðelv, to write]. One versed in myography. Myographic (mi-o-graſ/-īk) [uic, muscle; Ypáðerv, to write]. Pertaining to a myograph. . • Myographion (mi-o-graf’-e-on) [uig, muscle; Ypápelv, to write]. A myograph. Myographist (mi-og/-ra-fist) [uig, muscle; ypápetv, to write]. A myographer. Myography (mi-og/-ra-ſe) [uiç, muscle; Ypáñew, to write]. I. A description of the muscles. 2. The employment of the myograph. Myohematin (mi-o-hem/-at-in) [uig, muscle; alpia, blood]. A nitrogenous coloring-matter of muscles; the true intrinsic coloring-matter of red muscle, in- cluding the histohematin characteristic of invertebrate muscle. It yields a four-banded spectrum. Its solu- tions when weak are of a reddish-yellow color, but if strong they are pure red. Myoid (mi'-oid) [uig, muscle; eiðog, form]. a resemblance to muscular tissue. Myoidema (mi-oid-e'-mah) [uiç, muscle; oiómua, a swelling]. The wheal brought out by a sharp tap on a muscle in certain conditions of exhaustion. Myoides (mi-oi/-dez) [uic, muscle; eiðoç, like]. platysma. See Muscles, Table of Myolemma (mi-o-lem/-ah) ſuic, muscle; Aéuuq, cover- ing]. The thin membrane enveloping the fibrillae of muscle. Same as Sarco/emma. Myolemmatic (mi-o-lem-at'-ić) [uic, muscle; Aéupta, covering]. Pertaining to the myolemma. Myolin (mi'-o-lin). See Myosin. Myolipoma (mi-o-lip-o'-mah) [uic, muscle; Airtog, fat; ôpia, tumor; pl., Myolipomata]. A myoma with lipom- atous elements. Myologic (mi-o-loj/-i}) [uiç, muscle; Wöyoc, science]. Pertaining to myology. Myologist (mi-o/-o jist) [uig, muscle; Aéyog, science]. One versed in myology. • Having The 829 MYOPATHIC Myology (mi-o/-o-je) [uic, muscle; %yoc, science]: The science of the nature, structure, functions, and diseases, of muscles. Myoma (mi-o/-mah) [uic, muscle; &ga, tumor: A/., Myomaia]. A muscular tumor. Also, an affection marked by the growth in the skin of small, sessile, freely movable, isolated, reddish tumors consisting of involuntary muscular fibers. If small and multiple, they are called Zio-myomata ; if there is but a single large tumor, it is called a dartoic myoma, if the tumors contain much fibrous tissue, they are called ſióro- myomata ; if vascular and erectile, angio-myomata, if the lymphatics are involved, lymphangio-myomata. M., Fibro-. See Myofibroma. M., Lio-. See Zło- myoma. M., Rhabdo-. See Rhabdomyoma. Myomalacia (mi-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [uic, muscle; plažakia, softening]. An abnormal softening of the muscles. M. cordis, fatty degeneration and softening of a por- tion of the heart-muscle, resulting from thrombosis or embolism. Myomatous (mi-o’-mat-us) [uiç, muscle; 6/10, tumor). Of the nature of a myoma. Myomectomy (mi-o-meš/-to-me) [uic, muscle; 6/10, tumor; Éktouff, excision]. Surgical removal of a uterine or other myoma. Myomelanosis (mi-o-me/-an-o’-sis) [uig, muscle; ue^- avoguc, a becoming black]. The presence of a black- ish coloration in muscular tissue. Myomere (mi/-o-mér) [uiç, a muscle; plápoc, a part]. In biology, a muscular flake or metamere; a myo- comma or myotome. Myometer (mi-om/-et-er) [uic, muscle; plárpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for measuring the shortening of a muscle in contracting. Myometritis (mi-o-met-riſ-tis) [uic, muscle; uńTpa, uterus; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the uterine muscular tissue. Myomotomy (mi-o-mot/-o-me) [uig, muscle; āſta, tumor; touń, a cutting]. The operation of excising fibro-myomata of the uterus. Myon (mi/-on) [uvóv, a cluster of muscles]. A unit of musculation; a group of muscles viewed as an integer. Myonarcosis (mi-o-mar-ko/-sis) [uic, muscle; vápkagic, numbness]. Numbness of the muscles. Myoneoplasma (mi-o-ne-o-plaz/-mah) [uic, muscle; véog, new ; Tââopia, formation: pl. , Myoneoplasmatal. A myoma or muscular neoplasm. Myoneuralgia (mi-o-nu - ra/ -je - ah) [uic, muscle; veipov, nerve; d'Ayoc, pain]. Neuralgic muscular paln. Myonicity (mi-o-nis"-it-e) [uic, muscle]. of living muscle to contract and to relax. Myonitis (mi-on-i/-äs)[uiç, muscle; ttig, inflammation]. Synonym of Myositis. Myonosus (mi-on/-o-sus) [uig, muscle; v6oog, disease]. A disease of the muscles. Myopachynsis (mi-o-pak - in' - sis) Táxvvolç, thickening]. Muscular hypertrophy. M. lipomatosa. See Paralysis, Pseudo-hypertrophic. Myopalmus (mi-o-pa/-mus) [uic, muscle; Ta2uóg, a twitch]. A twitching of the muscles. Myoparalysis (mi-o-par - al/ - is - is) [uwg, muscle; Tapážvolc, paralysis]. Paralysis resulting from mus- cular abnormality, without affection of the nervous CenterS Or nerveS. Myopathic (mi-o-path/-ić)[uūg, muscle; Tábog, disease]. Relating to or of the nature of a myopathy. M. Muscular Atrophy; Erb includes under this head pseudo-hypertrophic muscular paralysis, juvenile mus- cular atrophy, and infantile paralysis. The three are classed together as Dystrophia muscularis pro- The power ſuijg, muscle ; MYOPATHY gressiva. M. Facies, “facies myopathique; ” a peculiar form of expression seen in infantile forms of myopathic muscular atrophy. It is characterized by imperfect movement of the facial muscles, sinking in of the cheeks, and drooping of the lower lip. Myopathy (mi-op’-ath-e)[uiç, muscle; Táboç, suffering]. Any disease of a muscle or of the muscular system. Myope (mi/-öp) [uíop, short-sighted]. A person affected with myopia. Myopericarditis (mi-o-per-ik-ar-di/-tis) [uiç, muscle; Tepi, around; kapóta, heart; trug, inflammation]. A combination of pericarditis with myocarditis. Myophagocyte (mi-o-fag’-o-sit) [uig, muscle; (hayeiv, to eat; kirog, cell]. Metschnikoff’s term for a phago- cyte produced from muscular tissue. Myophan (mi'-o-ſan) [uig, muscle; paivetv, to appear]. In biology, an ectoplasmic layer containing muscle- fibrillae, found in many invertebrates (Infusoria). Cf. Myoderma. Myophone (mi/-o-ſon) [uiç, muscle; pová, sound]. An instrument for hearing the sounds produced during the contraction of a muscle. Myophonia (mi-o-fo/- me - ah) [uic, muscle; pová, sound]. Muscle-sound. Myophore (mi/-o-for)[uiç, muscle; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, any specialized apparatus for the attachment of a muscle. Myophorous (mi-off’-or-us) [uiç, muscle; pépetv, to bear]. Relating to or connected with a muscle, as a myophore. Myophrisc (mi/-o-frisé) [uiç, a muscle; ºppíooeuv, to ruffle or throw into ripples]. In biology, contrac- tile, filamentous processes supposed to perform hydro- static functions, found arranged on the sarcodyctium in a circle around each skeletal spine of the Acantho- metridae among the Protozoa. Myophysical (mi-o-ft2/-ić-al) [uiç, muscle; volkh, physics]. Appertaining to the physics of muscular aCtlon. Myophysics (mi-o-ft2/-īās) [uig, muscle; puolkſ, phys- ics]. The physics of muscular action. Myopia (mi-o'-pe-ah) [uíelv, to close; &lp, eye; myopes having the habit of partially closing the lids to avoid spheric aberration]. Near-sightedness; an optic defect, usually due to too great length of the antero-posterior diameter of the globe, whereby the focal image is formed in front of the retina. M., High, a degree of THE FoRMATION OF THE IMAGE IN A MyoPIC Eve, IN FRONT OF THE RETINA. myopia greater than 6.5 diopters. M., Low, one less than two diopters. M., Malignant, rapidly progress- ing myopia. M., Progressive, continuous increase of myopia, due to increasing elongation of the eyeball. Myopic (mi-op/-i}) [uietv, to close ; &mp, eye]. Per- taining to or having the nature of myopia. Near- sighted. M. Crescent, a yellowish-white, crescentic area about the papilla, due to atrophy or breaking away of the choroid, and exposure of the sclerotic; it is seen in myopia, but often, also, in other refractive derangements. Myopiesis (mi-o-pi/-es-is) [uiç, muscle; trieotº, press- ure]. The squeezing or kneading of a muscle as a therapeutic measure. Myopiosis (mi-o/?-o/-sis). Synonym of Myopia. 830 MYOSINOGEN Myoplast (mi' - o – plast) [uig, muscle; Tāāooeuv, to mold.]. A muscle-producing cell. Myoplastic (mi-o-plas/-tié) [uig, muscle; Tââogetv, to mold]. Producing muscle; pertaining to a myoplast. M. Bodies, the embryonic cells from which muscular fibers are developed. Myoplegia (mi-o-ple/-je-ah) [uiç, muscle; tāmyń, a stroke]. A condition of diminished muscular power, or of muscular paresis. Myopodiorthosis (mi-o-po-di-or-tho’-sis). Synonym of Myoporthosis. Myopolar (mi-o-po'-lar) [uic, muscle; tróżoc, pole]. Pertaining to muscular polarity, electric or other. Myoporthosis (mi-o-for-thoſ-sis) [uíop, near-sighted; ôp66c, straight]. The correction of myopia. Myopresbytia (mi-o-pres-bish/-e-ah) [uíop, near- sighted; Tpeofförmº, old-sighted]. Combined myopia and presbyopia. - Myoproteose (mi-o-pro'-te-àz). See Myoalbumose. Myopsia (mi-ops/-e-ah). Synonym of Myiodesopsia. Myopsin (mi-ops/-īn). A powerful proteolytic substance said by Defresne to occur in pancreatic juice. Myopy (mi'-o-pe). Synonym of Myopia. Myorrheuma (mi-or-w/-mah) [uiç, a muscle; heiſua, a flow]. A synonym of Muscular Aheumatism or Myalgia. Myorrhexia, Myorrhexis (mi- or -eks’ - e - ah, mi-or- eks/-īs) ſuic, muscle; 37;ig, a tearing]. Laceration or rupture of a muscle. Myosalgia (mi-o-sa/-je-ah). See Myalgia. Myosarcoma (mi-o-sar-Āo’-mah) [uig, muscle; a 6p;, flesh ; Śpia, tumor, pl., Myosarcomata]. A sarcoma with myomatous elements, or one that has originated 1n a myoma. Myosarcomatous (mi-o-sar-ko'-mat-us) [uig, muscle; Gápé, flesh; 6p1a, tumor]. Affected with, or of the nature of, myosarcoma. Myosclerosis (mi-o-skle-ro’-sis) [uic, muscle; gºmpóg, hard]. A temporary hardening of a muscle, often of the sterno-cleido-mastoid, sometimes seen in young infants. Myosclerotic (mi-o-skle-roº/-i}) [uiç, muscle; okämpóg, hard]. Pertaining to the hardening of muscles, espe- cially from connective-tissue overgrowth. M. Paral- ysis. See Paralysis, Pseudo-hypertrophic, Myoscope (mi'-o-séðp) [uic, muscle; okotreiv to in- spect]. An apparatus used in observing the contrac- tion-phenomena of muscles. Myoseism (mi-o-se/-izm), Myoseismia (mi-o-se-;2/-me- ah) [uig, muscle; oetopióg, a shakej. A symptom that consists in repeated stops in the course of muscular contractions by which the whole movement is rendered jerky. When this jerky movement affects the ocular muscles, it causes an irregularity that may be mistaken for nystagmus. A similar irregularity renders speech and writing jerky and the gait staggering. The pa- tient is unable to maintain his equilibrium with his eyes shut. Myoseptum (mi-o- sep’ - tum) [uic, muscle; septum, septum]. The intermuscular septum between the metameres of muscles of certain animals, as of fishes. Myosin (mi'-o-sim) [uſov, muscle]. A proteid of the globulin class, the chief proteid of muscle. Its coag- ulation in muscle after death causes rigor mortis. Hy- drochloric acid converts it into syntonin. It is soluble in dilute saline and dilute alkaline solutions, and in acids; it is insoluble in water and is precipitated by alcohol. M., Peptone. Synonym of Myosinose. M., Vegetable, a substance resembling myosin, found in almonds, maize, peas, and other vegetables. Myosinogen (mi-o-sin/-o-jen) [uitou, muscle; yelmäv, to beget]. One of the proteids of muscle-plasma, MYOSINOSE coagulated at 56°C. It is the antecedent of myosin, into which it is converted by a suitable stimulus. See Muscle-plasma. - Myosinose (mi-o-sin-Öz/) [uðov, muscle]. The sub- stance produced by the peptonization of myosin. Two varieties have been found, protomyosinose and deutero- myosinose. Myosis (mi-o/-sis) ſuffety, to close, or gig, muscle]. I. Abnormal smallness of the pupil of the eye; the same as Miosis. 2. Myopathy. M., Paralytic, that form due to paralysis of the sympathetic or dilator nerve. M., Spastic, that produced by stimulation of the oculo- motor or constrictor nerve. M., Spinal, that depend- ent on disease of the spinal cord. Myositic (mi-o-sit/-īk) [uietv, to close; uſic, muscle; tric, inflammation]. Pertaining to, or affected with, myosis, or with myositis. Myositis *::::: -čis) [uiç, muscle; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of muscular tissue, more especially of the connective tissue of muscles. M., Fibrous, M., Interstitial, an inflammation of the connective tissue of muscle. M. interstitialis lipomatosa pro- gressiva paralytica. Synonym of Pseudo-hyper- trophic Muscular Paralysis. M. ossificans, is char- acterized by the formation of osseous deposits in the muscles. M., Specific, M., Syphilitic, that due to syphilis. There may be a deposit of gummata in the muscles. M. trichinosa, that due to the presence of trichina spiralis in the muscles. Myosome (mi'-o-sām) [uiç, muscle; adjua, body]. The contractile substance of muscle. - Myospasis (mi-osſ-pas-is) [uig, muscle; otráotç, a drawing: pl. , Myospases]. A muscular contraction. Myospasm (mi/-o-spazm) : [gig, muscle; oraoplóg, spasm]. A spasmodic contraction of a muscle. A Cramp. Myospectroscope (mi-o-spek/-tro-sköp) [uic, muscle; spectrum, spectrum; okotreiv, to see]. . An instrument for examining the spectroscopic image of a muscle. Myostypsis (mi-o-stip/-sis) [uic, muscle; orwiptſ, a con- tracting]. Muscular contraction; also any interfer- ence with functional movement. Myosuture (mi-o-su/-tär) [uiç, muscle; sutura, a suture]. Suture of a muscle. Myosystema (mi-o-sis-teſ-mah) [uiç, muscle; otorm.ua, system]. A system of muscles. M. circulare, the circular muscle of the sub-umbrella of medusae. M. radiale, the radial muscles of the sub-umbrella of medusae. Myotalgia (mi-o-ta/-je-ah). Synonym of Myalgia. Myotasis (mi-of/-as-is) [uig, muscle; Tágic, a stretch- ing]. Passive tension of a muscle. Myotatic (mi-o-tat'-ić) [uiç, muscle; tāoug, astretching]. Pertaining to the deep reflexes or contractions of the muscles dependent upon passive tension for their elici- tation. M. Irritability, a term suggested by Gowers to replace the inaccurate one, tendon-reflexes, the tendons not being etiologically connected with the phenomenon. “The irritability on which they de- pend is due to and demonstrative of a muscle reflex action which depends on the spinal cord.” Myotenotomy (mi-o-ten-o’-o-me) [uiç, muscle; tāvov, tendon; Tou%, a cutting]. The division of a tendon, when the muscle is able to retract. Myothelium (mi-o-the-le-um) [uic, muscle; 67%, nipple]. The cellular elements composing a myotome or protovertebra. Myothermic (mi-o-ther’-mić) [uiç, muscle; 6épum, heat]. Pertaining to heat-development in a muscle. Myotic (mi-of/-ić) [uietv, to close]. I. Pertaining to, or causing, myosis. 2. An agent causing myosis, or con- traction of the pupil. The one most used by ophthal- 831 MYRINGOPLASTIC mologists is eserin. Morphin, pilocarpin, muscarin and other drugs also cause contraction of the pupil. Myotility (mi-o-tiſ/-īt-e) [uiç, muscle]. Muscular con- tractility, or tonicity. Myotome (mi/-o-tom) [/lüç, muscle ; touff, a cutting]. I. A cutting instrument used in myotomy. 2. The same as Myocomma. Myotomy (mi-o/-o ºne) [uic, muscle; rou%, a cutting]. I. Surgical division of a muscle. 2. The incision or dissection of muscles. See Tenotomy. Myotonia (mi-o-to/-ne-ah) [uiç, muscle; Tóvoc, ten- sion]. I. Muscular spasm. 2. The stretching of a muscle. M. congenita, M. hereditaria. Thom- sen's disease; an hereditary neurosis characterized by tonic spasms in the voluntarily moved muscles. See Diseases, Table of. Myotonic (mi-o-ton/-i}) [uiç, muscle; Tôvoc, tension]. Pertaining to myotonia, or to myotomus. M. Reac- tion. See Thomsen’s Disease. Myotonus (mi-of/-o-mus) [uig, muscle; Tôvog, stretch- ing]. I. Muscular tone, quality, or tension. 2. Tonic muscular spasm. Myotyrbe (mi-o-ter’-be) [uiç, muscle; Túpſ3m, disorder]. Chorea; incoördinate muscular movements. Myrabolan (mi-rab/-o-lan). See Myrobalan. Myriachit (mir/-e-ak-it). See Palmus. Myriagram (mir/-e-ag-rame ) [uvpiot, ten thousand; ypáppa, gram.]. Ten thousand grams. Myriakit (mir’-e-ak-it). See Palmus. Myrialiter (me-re-a/-e'-ter) [uvpiot, ten thousand; Airpa, liter]. Ten thousand liters. Myriameter (me-re-am-e'-ter) [uvpiot, ten thousand; plétpov, a measure]. Ten thousand meters. Myrica (mi-rié/-a/.) [Alvoirm, the tamarisk]. A genus of aromatic shrubs of some 35 known species. M. cerifera, of N. America, M. californica, of the Pacific States, M. cordifolia, M. laciniata, and M. aethiopica, of Africa, M. carcasana, and M. micro- carpa, of tropical America, are among the wax-bear- ing species. The species last named has useful medicinal qualities. See Myricin, Gale, and Myrtle- wax. M., Oleum, Oil of Myrica; Oil of Bay is the volatile oil of the Bayberry, or West Indian bay- leaf. It is an aromatic, pungent liquid, used chiefly as a perfume and in cosmetics. It is somewhat re- freshing in faintness and headaches. M., Spiritus, “bay rum,” contains: oil of bay 16, oil of orange-peel I, oil of pimento I, alcohol IOOO, water 782 parts, mixed and filtered through carbonate of magnesia. Myricin (mi'-ris-in) [uvpikm, the tamarisk]. A pre- cipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Myrica cerifera : it is astringent, stimulant, anti-spasmodic, and anti-syphilitic. Dose from I to 3 grains. Unof. Myricyl (mi-ris/-īl) [uvpikm, the tamarisk; WAm, mat- ter]. See Melissyl. M. alcohol, Cao Hs,O. A monatomic alcohol derived from beeswax. Myringa, Myrinx (mi-rin/-gah, mi’-ringás) [L.]. The membrana tympani. - Myringitis (mi-rin-ji’-tis) [myringa, myrinx, mem- brana tympani; Taç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the membrana tympani. Myringodectomy (mi-rin-go-dek’-to-me) [ myringa, myringa; ŠKTouff, excision]. Excision of a part or of the whole of the membrana tympani. Myringomycosis (mi-rin/-go-mi-ko/-sis) [myringa, membrana tympani; uíkmg, fungus]. A fungous growth within the meatus, or on the myringa ; also the dis- eased condition in which such a growth is seen. M. aspergillina, Wreden’s term for Otomycosis, g. v. Myringoplastic (mi-rin’-go-plas/-tié) [myringa, mem- brana tympani; Thaotikóg, formed]. Pertaining to myr- ingoplasty. M. Method, a method for the cure of MYRINGOPLASTY dry perforation of the ear-membrane, recommended by Berthold, and attended with some success. A piece of sticking-plaster is first laid over the perfora- tion and then pulled off in order to cause irritation of the margins. After this a piece of skin from the arm or elsewhere, or the skin of a hen’s egg, is applied to the orifice and the ear carefully plugged. Myringoplasty (mi-rin/-go-plas-de) [myringa, tympanic membrane; Tāāooeuv, to shape). Plastic surgery of the membrana tympani. Myringotome (mi-rin/-go-town) [myringa, myringa; topiń, a cutting]. A knife-like instrument used in incision or removal of the membrana tympani. Myringotomy (mi-rin-got/-o-me) [myringa, tympanic membrane; topuſ, a cutting]. Incision of the tym- panic membrane. Myriosporous (mir-e-osſ-po-rus) [uvpiog, numberless; otópog, seed]. In biology, producing many spores. Myrisma (mi-riz'-mah) [uiptopia]. An anointing. Myristate (mi'-ris-tät) [uvptorucóg, fit for anointing]. A salt of myristic acid. Myristic Acid (mi-ris/-tić) [uvptorukág, fit for anoint- ing], C14H2sO2. A monobasic acid found in Myris- tica fragrams, in cocoanut oil, in spermaceti, etc. Myristica (mi-ris/-tik-ah) [uvptorukóç, fit for anoint- ing]. Nutmeg. The kernel of the seed of M. fra- grans, indigenous to the East Indies. Also, the fleshy covering of the fruit called mace. Its proper- ties are due mainly to the volatile oil. It is an aro- matic stomachic and tonic, and in large doses a powerful narcotic. The oil is sometimes employed as a rubefacient in paralysis and rheumatism, and is much used as a condiment. Dose gr. v-xx. M., Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose muj-v. M., Spiritus a three per cent. solution in alcohol. Dose 3.j-ij. Myristicated Liver (mi-ris/-tik-a-ted). Nutmeg liver, . Z/. Myristication (mi-ris-fié-a/-shun) [uvpigetv, to anoint]. The development of a nutmeg condition of the liver. Myristicin (mi-ris/-tis-in) [uvpigetv, to anoint]. A peculiar fatty body contained in nutmeg. Myristicol (mi-ris/-tić-o! [ºuvpiſelv, to anoint; oleum, oil], Cio H16O. An oily substance extracted from oil of nutmeg. Myristin (mi-ris/-tim) [juvpigetv, to anoint]. pound of glycerin and myristic acid. Myristone (mi-ris/-ton) [uvpićetv, to anoint]. ketone of myristic acid. Myrmecia (mur - me’ -se-ah) [uvpumkló, ants' nest; pipums, ant]. A warty growth on the palm or sole. Myrmeciasis (mur-me-si'-as-is) [utpumč, ant]. Formi- cation. Myrmecismus, Myrmecium (mur-me-siz/-mus, mur- me/-se-um). Synonym of Myrmeciasis. Myrmecology (mur - me - Áo/-o-je) [uippum;, an ant; Żóyog, science]. That department of biologic science which treats of ants. Myrmecophilous (mur-me-koff’-i/-us) [uipplm;, ant; pížog, loving]. In biology, ant-loving. Applied to such plants as are cross-fertilized by means of ants, or to such insects as live in ant-hills. Myrmecosis (mur-me-ão/-sis). Synonym of Myrmeciasis. Myrobalan (mi-rob’-a/-am) [uipov, ointment; 36%avoc, nut]. Also Myraboſan. The fruit of several species of Zerminalia found in India, and other eastern countries, and used in leather-manufactures. The tan- nin occurs in the pulp that surrounds the kernel. It is generally used in combination with other tanning materials, to modify the objectionable color which some of the latter impart to the leather. By itself it produces a soft and porous tannage. See Myrobal- anus. Myrobalan was formerly, and is still locally, A com- The 832 MYSTAX much used in medicine. Commercially it is divided into several sorts, citrine, emblic, belleric, etc. Unof. Myrobalanus (mi-ro-bal/-an-us) [uipov, ointment; 3á%avoc, nut]. The emblic myrobalan; the fruit of A hyllanthus emblica, of Southern Asia. It has a slight laxative followed by an astringent effect, and is highly recommended in dysentery and chronic diarrhea. Botanically, this is not a true myrobalan. Dose 3 i-3 j. Unof. Myronate (mi'-ron-at) [uipov, an ointment]. of myronic acid. Myronic Acid (mi-rom/-ić). See Acid. Myrophorum (mi-roff’-or-um)[uipov, ointment; pépetv, to carry]. An instrument for applying ointments to narrow openings or parts of the body difficult of a CCCSS, Myrosin (mi-ro/-sin) [uipov, ointment]. An albumin- ous ferment obtainable from mustard-seed, which liberates the oil of mustard from potassium myronate. Myroxylon (mi-roks/-il-on) [uipov, balsam ; Śižov, wood]. A genus of tropical leguminous trees. M. pereirae yields balsam of Peru, and M. toluiferum affords the balsam of tolu. Myrrh (mur) [uippa, myrrh..]. The resinous substance obtained from Commiphora myrrha, indigenous to Arabia. In Small doses it is a stimulant, in large doses an irritant, to the gastro-intestinal membrane. It is valuable in amenorrhea and bronchial catarrh, and makes an excellent mouth-wash and lotion for spongy gums. It is used chiefly in dentifrices. Dose gr. x-xxx. M., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose mix-xxx. Myrrhic Acid (mur/-ić) [uippa, myrrh], C.Hs,O. A liquid substance obtained from myrrhim. Myrrhin (mur/-in) [uippa, myrrh], C24Hs,Os. A resin contained in myrrh. Myrrhol (mur/-Öl) [uippa, myrrh ; oleum, oil], Co., Haº- O. A yellow volatile oil derived from myrrh. Myrtiform (mur/-täf-orm) [myrtum, a myrtle-berry; forma, form]. Shaped like a myrtle-berry or myrtle- leaf. M. Caruncles. See Caruzzcula. M. Fossa, a shallow pit between the edge of the pyriform aperture of the superior maxilla above, and the sockets of the front teeth of the upper jaw below. Myrtillus (mur-tiſ/-us) [myrtus, ui proc, the myrtle]. The juice of the common bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), used for staining histologic sections. Myrtle (mur/-/) [myrtus, ſtiptog, the myrtle]. A popu- lar name for several plants of the genera Myrtus, 7, v. and Myrica, Q. v. The wax-myrtles belong to the genus Myrica. M.-wax, a solid fat obtained by pressure from the berries of Myrica cerifera, having a specific gravity of I.O.O.5 at 15° C., and fusing at from 45° to 46°C. It is used as a substitute for beeswax in pharmacy and particularly in candle-making. Several other species of this genus (see Myrica) afford myrtle-wax. Myrtol (mur’-tol) [myrtus, uiptog, myrtle; oleum, oil]. A constituent of the essential oil of Myrtus communis (see Myrtus); it is useful in bronchitis, vaginitis, and A salt urethritis, and as a sedative and antiseptic. Dose gtt. iv-xvj, in capsules. Unof. Myrtus (mur’-ſus) [myrtus, utºproc, myrtle]. A genus of trees, shrubs, and vines, found in various parts of the world. M. communis, classic myrtle, which has leaves that afford myrtol, g. v. The plant was formerly much used as an astringent. Unof. Mysiology (mis-e-o/-o-je). Synonym of Myology. Mysophobia (mi-so-ſo'-be-ah) [uíoog, filth; 680c, dread]. A form of insanity characterized by a dread of contact, or of dirt ; rupophobia. Mystax (mis/-taks) [uíotaš, the upper lip]. The upper lip. Also, the moustache. In biology, applied to MYTACISM the conspicuous tuft of hairs immediately over the mouth in certain diptera (Asilidae). Mytacism (mit/-as-izm). See Mutacism. Mytilotoxin (mit-il-o-toks/-īn) [uvrížoç, mussel; točuków, poison], CsPIisNO,. . A poisonous ptomain that has been prepared from the common mussel; it is similar to curara. See /ch/hysmus, and Pomains, Zable of Mytilus (mit/-iſ-us) [uvríàoc, a sea-musselJ. Mussel, a lamellibranchiate mollusc. M. edulis, the edible mussel. Under certain conditions, mussels are very poisonous, either because of some change in their juices, induced by modification of their environment, or because a poisonous species is mixed with a non- poisonous one. Edible mussels become poisonous in filthy water, while poisonous ones are deprived of their toxicity after a prolonged sojourn in good Water. Mytome (mi/-täm). See Chromatin and Mitome. Myurous (mi-u/-rus) [uiç, mouse; oipá, a tail]. Taper- ing like the tail of the mouse; a qualification applied to the pulse when it is progressively growing feeble. Myxa (mićs/-ah) [ubia, mucus]. Mucus. Myxadenitis (miſès-ad-en-i/-tis) [uíša, mucus; āó#v, gland; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a mucous gland. - Myxadenoma (miks - ad- en - of- mah). Myxoadenoma. Myxangitis (miks-an-ji’-tis) [uíča, mucus; āyyetov, vessel; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the duct of a mucous gland. Myxedema (miks-e-deſ-ma/.) [uíša, mucus; oiómua, edema]. Adult Sporadic Cretinism, Pachydermic Cachexia, Cachexia strzemipriva, a disease charac- terized by the collection of a mucus-like substance in and about the connective tissue of the body, and by atrophy of the thyroid gland. There is a char- acteristic cretinoid physiognomy; the body is bulky and unwieldy; the skin dry, scaly, and thickened. Speech is slow, monotonous, and guttural; there is marked intellectual torpor, and insanity is likely to develop. The disease is a chronic one, and the ten- dency is from bad to worse; it is more common in women than in men, and usually occurs between the ages of thirty and sixty-five. Nothing is known positively as to the etiology. It is sometimes induced by surgical interference with or by ablation of the thyroid gland. animals by extirpation of the thyroid gland. Im- provement, and, in some cases, cure has been achieved by the therapeutic administration of sheep's thyroids or their extracts. Myxedematoid (miès-e-deſ-maſ-oid) [uiña, mucus; oiómua, edema; eiðog, like]. Resembling myxedema. Myxedematous (miks-e-deſ-mat-us) [uíča, mucus; oiómua, edema]. Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, myxedema. Myxemia (miks-e'-me-a/) [ubča, mucus; alga, blood]. An accumulation of mucin in the blood. Myxeurysma (miks-u-riz'-mah) [uíša, mucus; eipinety, to widen). Cavernous lymphangioma. Myxiosis (miès-e-o/-sis) [uiša, mucus]. A mucous discharge. Myxoadenoma (miks-o-ad-en-o’-mah) [uíša, mucus; ã6%v, gland; bud, tumor]. An adenoma that has in part undergone myxomatous degeneration ; an adenoma of a mucous gland. Myxochondroma (miks-o-kom-dro'-mah) Luíša, mu- Synonym of cus; x6vópog, cartilage ; Śpia, tumor: pl. , Myxochonz- dromata]. A tumor containing mucous and cartilagi- .nous elements. Myxochondrosarcoma (miks-o-kom-dro-sar-ko’-mah) [uíša, mucus; xóvópoç, cartilage; odpé, flesh; Śpua, 833 A similar state has been produced in MYXOSPORIDIA tumor]. A mixed tumor containing myxomatous and cartilaginous tissue and embryonal connective tissue. Myxocylindroma (muižs -o-sil- in-dro' - mah) [ſuſſa, mucus; ki%tvöpog, cylinder; 6p1a, tumor]. A myxoma- tous sarcoma in which the myxomatous tissue is dis- posed in the meshes of the sårcoma. Myxocystitis (miás-o-sis-fi/-zis) [uíša, mucus; kiotic, bladder; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. Myxodes (miks-o'-dez) [uíča, mucus; eiðoç, like]. Resembling mucus. Myxoendothelioma (miks -o- en -do - the -le - of- mah) [uíša, mucus; Śvēov, within ; th/??, a nipple; 6/10, tumor; pl. , Myxoendotheliomata]. An endothelioma that contains myxomatous tissue. Myxofibroma (miks-oft-bro/-mah) [uíša, mucus; ſióra, fiber; 6pa, tumor ; pl. , Myrofibromata]. A fibroma that has in part undergone myxomatous degenera- tion. Myxoglioma (miks-o-gli-o/-mah) [uíša, mucus; y?ia, glue ; 6pla, tumor: pl., Myxogliomata]. A glioma with myxomatous elements. Myxoid (miès'-oid) [uíša, mucus; eiðog, like]. IOUICUIS. Myxoinoma (miks-o-in-o’-mah) Luíša, mucus; ig, a fiber; bud, a tumor]. A benign form of inoma, with myxomatous elements. Myxolipoma (miks-o-ſip-o’-wah) [uíša, mucus; Žitoc, fat; dua, tumor ; pl. , Myxoſipomata]. A fatty tumor that has in part undergone myxomatous change. Myxoma (miks-o’-mah) ſplifa, mucus; bud, tumor ; pl. Myxomata). A connective-tissue tumor the con- sistency of which is similar to the jelly of Wharton of the umbilical cord. It consists of a gelatinous, mucin-containing intercellular substance, in which are scattered peculiar branched or stellate cells. Myxomatodes (miks-o-mat-o’-dez) [uíša, mucus; 6/10, tumor]. Characterized by myxomatous degeneration. Myxomatous (miks-o’-ma/-tts) [uiša, mucus; 6pa, tumor]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, myxoma. M. Degeneration, the same as mucoid degenera- tion. It attacks epithelium and connective tissue, giving rise to the production of a gelatinous substance containing mucin. In epithelial tissue the cells only are affected ; in connective tissue the intercellular sub- Like stance. M. Degeneration of the Placenta. See Al/o/e. Myxomycetes (miks-o-mi-se/-fºe) [uíša, mucus; uſikme, fungus]. A genus of slime-fungi found in decaying wood and moss. Myxoneuroma (miks-o-nu-ro’-ma/) [uíša, mucus; Teipov, nerve ; bud, tumor; pl. , Mºroneuromata). I. A glioma. 2. A neuroma with mucous elements. Myxopodia (miks-o-fo/-de-ah) [uíša, mucus; Toic, (Troö-) a foot]. In biology, a form of pseudopod, protrusible, retractile, soft, fusing with neighboring pseudopodia into a network, and, in many /('hizopoda, often collecting by flowing together outside the body, into small masses at the points where they meet with food. They are characteristic of the Ah/20/oda and most Radio/aria, and are to be distinguished from Axopodia. Myxorrhea (miás-or-e'-ah) [uíša, mucus; bota, a flow]. A copious mucous discharge. Myxosarcoma (miks-o-sar-ko’-mah) [uíša, mucus; oãpš, flesh; 6pua, tumor]. A sarcoma that has in part undergone myxomatous degeneration. Myxospore (miks/-o-spor) [uíša, mucus; otópoc, seed]. In biology, a spore produced in the midst of a gelat- inous mass without a distinct ascus or basidium. Myxosporidia (miks-o-spor-id’-e-ah) [ußa, mucus; 53 MYXOTHECA oTópoç, seed]. A group or order of Sporozoa, found as parasitic bodies in the muscles and epithelia of fishes; they produce a psorospermosis which is frequently wide-spread and destructive. Myxotheca (miks-o-the-ka/.) [ubia, mucus; 6%km, a 834 NAIL sheath; pl. , Myxothecae]. In biology, the horny sheath of the tip of the lower mandible of a bird. Myzesis (mi-ze/-sis) [28 sºv, to suck]. Synonym of sucking. N. The symbol of nitrogen; also, the sign of the index of refraction. N. A. Abbreviation for numerical aperture. N. F. National Formulary; a collection of formulas issued by the American Pharmaceutical Association as a kind of supplement to the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Na. Symbol of natrium or sodium. Ni. The symbol for nickel. Nabalus (mab/-a/-us) [vá3%a, a harp]. A genus of composite-flowered plants; by some considered a sec- tion of Premanthes. There are many American species, called drop-flower and rattlesnake-root. A poultice of the pounded fresh leaves of AV. al/issimus, or “white lettuce,” of N. America, has been used as an application to ulcers, gangrenous Sores, etc. Unof. Naboth, Cysts of, N., Glands of. See Gland. N.’s Menorrhagia, a serous discharge from the vagina in pregnant women. Nabothian Ovule (ma-bo'-the-an). See Ovule. Nacre (na/-ker) [Ar., nakir, hollowed out]. Mother- of-pearl. Nacreus (ma/-Are-us) [Ar., mažir, hollowed out]. Re- sembling nacre or mother-of-pearl. Naegele's Fluids. Fluid culture-media. I. Water IOO c.c., ammonium tartrate I gm., potassium biphos- phate O. I gm., magnesium sulphate O.O2 gm., cal- cium chlorid o.o.1 gm. 2. Water IOO c.c., albumin- peptone I gm., potassium biphosphate O.2 gm., mag- nesium sulphate O.O4 gm., calcium chlorid O.O2 gm. 3. Water IOO c.c., cane-sugar 3 gm., ammonium tar- trate I gm., potassium bitartrate O.2I gm., magnesium sulphate O.O4 gm., calcium chlorid O.O2 gm. Filter and sterilize. N.'s Obliquity of the Head, lateral flexion of the fetal head toward the mother’s sacral bone, the left ear approaching the left shoulder, and the right parietal bone presenting in a left occipito- anterior position. It is the third step in the mechan- ism of delivery. See Obliquity. N.'s Rule, for predicting the date of confinement: “Count back three months from the date of cessation of the last men- strual flow, and add seven days.” Hirst modifies this by counting from the date of appearance, believing that the result will be more accurate. N.'s Pelvis. See Pelvis, Female, Deformities of N.'s Theory. See //eredity. Naevoid (me/-void). See AVevoid. Naevose (ne/-vös). See AVevose. Naevus (ne/-vus). See AVevus. Nail (nal) [ME., maile, a nail]. The horny lamina cov- ering the dorsal aspect of the end of each finger and toe. N.-area, a thickening of the epitrichium over the end of the digit, marked out quite definitely by a limiting groove that persists more or less distinctly through- out life. It first appears in the human embryo about the beginning of the third month. N.-bed, the de- pression in which the nail rests. N.-bone, the lacry- mal bone or os unguis. N.-brush, a hand brush for cleaning the finger-nails. N.-culture, a term applied in bacteriology to a stab-culture showing a growth along the needle-track, and on the surface a button-like projection, giving the appearance of a nail driven into the gelatin. N.-file, a small single-cut file for trim- ming the finger-nails. N.-fold, the portion of epi- UNGUAL ExTREMITY OF CoNCAve ASPECT of NAIL. FINGER, SHowING NAIL. g I. Its proximal border. 2. Portion corresponding to lunula. 3. Body. 4. Free distal border. 1. Fold of skin covering root of nail. 2. Incised and turned back. 3. Semilunar portion of subungual skin. 4. Portion corresponding to body of nail. I. Corneous layer of epider- mis of dorsal aspect. 2. Re- flection of this layer upon nail. 3. Superficial layer of nail. 4. Corneous layer of epiderm of F.; of finger. 5. Rete Malpighii of dorsal aspect. 6. Reflection of this layer. 7. Second reflection. 8. Rete Malpighii º of finger. 9. Derma of dorsal aspect. Io. Reflection of LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF derma. II. Second reflec- tion of derma. 12. Derma of palmar aspect of finger. 13. Ungual phalanx. UNGUAL ExTREMITY OF FINGER, SHOWING NAIL. dermis that covers the root and edges of the nail. N.- groove, the depression for the insertion of the nail. N., Hang, a little shred of skin hanging from the finger at the side of the nail. Hang-nails are some- times quite painful, and the little wounds offer en- trance to septic matter. N., Infleshed, Ingrow- ing, or Ingrown, an overlapping of the nail by the flesh, from pressure, attended with ulceration. N.- matrix, the proximal end of the W.-bed, the struc- ture from which the nail grows. N.-pad. The same as AW.-rampart. N.-plate, the volar side of a claw. N.-rampart, the epidermic border against which the margin of the nail rests. N., Reedy, N., Striated, a nail presenting longitudinal furrows. N.-root, the portion of the nail attached to the AV.-matrix. N., Spring. Same as A'ang-mail. N., Turtle-back, a NAILERS’ CONSUMPTION name given by S. Weir Mitchell to a nail curved in all directions; it is a condition seen in certain trophic disturbances. N.-wall. The same as AV.-rampart. Nailers' Consumption. See Siderosis. Nail-smiths’ Cramp. See Cramp. Naked (na/-ked) [ME., naked, naked]. nude. N. Broomrape. See Aphyllon. the eye unaided by a magnifying instrument. Nakra (na/-Arah) [Beng.]. A Bengalese disease re- sembling influenza. Nalardofi (nal-ar-doºſe) [native Iceland]. In Iceland, an endemic numbness of the hands, probably caused by the milking of ewes. Namangitis (nam-an-ji’-tis). Synonym of Lymphan- 'tis. - Næless Crime. The name given to perversion of the genetic instinct, by which sexual gratification is secured in other than the normal way, as by buccal or anal coitus, etc. . Nanander (man-an/-der) [vávoc, a dwarf; āvāp, male]. Same as Micrander. Nancy Method. See Hypnotism. Nanism (nam/-īzm) [vávoç, dwarf]. Abnormal small- ness of size from arrested development. Dwarfish- IlêSS. Nanization (man-iz-a/-shun) [vávoç, a dwarf]. In bi- ology, artificial dwarfing, as practised by the Japanese on certain trees. Nanocephalia (man-o-seſ-a/-le-ah) [vávog, dwarf; kep. a%, head]. The condition of being nanocephalous. Nanocephalism (man-o-sef’-al-izm). See AVanocephalia. Nanocephalous (man-o-sef/-a/-us)[vävoc,dwarf; kepazà, head]. Possessing a dwarfed or diminutive head. Nanocephaly (man-o-sef’-al-e). See AVanocephalia. Nanocormia, Nanocormus, (man-o-kor/-me-a/, man-o- Áor/-mus) [vávog, dwarf; Kopplóg, trunk]. I. A mon- strosity possessing a dwarfed trunk. 2. A dwarfed condition of the trunk. Nanoid (man/-oid) [vávog, dwarf; elóog, like]. like. Nanomelia, Nanomelus (man-o-me/-le-ah, man-om/- el-us) [vāvoc, dwarf; uéWoc, limb]. A fetal mon- strosity characterized by undersized limbs. Nanophyes (man-off’-e-éz) [vávog, dwarf; pietv, to grow]. Dwarfish. - Nanosomia (nan-o-so'-me-ah). See Microsomia. Unclothed; N. Eye, Dwarf- Nanosomus (man-o-so/-mus) [vávoc, dwarf; oãua, body]. One dwarfed in body. Nanus (man/-us) [vávog, a dwarf]. I. A dwarf. One of less than ordinary stature. 2. Dwarfish ; stunted; very small. Nape (mäp) [ME., nape, nape]. The back part of the neck; the nucha. Napellin (ma-pe/-īn) [mapellus, dim. of mapus, a turnip], CogPIs, NO11. An alkaloid from Acomitum napel/us. It is an anodyne and antineuralgic. Dose, gr. #-3. See Aconite. Napellus (na-pe/-us) [L., dim, of napus, a turnip]. Aconitum napellus, Q. v. Naphtha (maſ/-thah) [váðffa, asphaltum]. Danforth’s oil; a product obtained from petroleum, boiling at 80° to IIo9 C.; specific gravity .690 to .700 or 76° to 70° B. It is used for burning in vapor-stoves and street- lamps, as a solvent for resins in making varnishes, and in the manufacture of oilcloths. Naphthalene (néº-thal-ān) [váðta, asphaltum], Cio Hs. One of the principal constituents of coal-tar, occurring in it in various proportions of from five to ten per cent.; it is also formed when the vapors of organic substances are passed through tubes heated to redness. The specific gravity of naphthalene when solid is I. I58; at its melting-point (79.2°C.) the specific gravity is O.978; 835 NAPIFORM it boils at 216.6°C. The odor is pleasant, though char- acteristic. Naphthalene crystallizes in large, silvery, brilliant, thin, rhombic plates, that are feebly soluble in hot, but insoluble in cold water, though easily soluble in methyl and ethyl alcohols, chloroform, ether, and benzene. It is employed in the manufacture of a large series of coloring-matters; as an enricher of illuminat- ing gas; and when specially refined, as a substitute for ordinary camphor in preventing the ravages of insects in woollen goods. It is an antiseptic, and, internally, an active expectorant; it is useful as a dressing for indo- lent sores, and, internally, in pulmonary catarrh. Dose, gr. ii-x in emulsion, or in pill, gr. 3, given every hour. In large doses it is toxic, causing emesis and purgation. Unof. N.-red, Cao H21N, Cl; magdala-red; a saf- ranin of naphthalene. It is a dark-brown powder that dissolves very readily in alcohol with a bluish-red coloration. It imparts a beautiful rose-red color to silk. N.-yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Naphthalidin (maſthal/-id-in) [váðffa asphaltum], Cio H9N. An amin derivative of naphthalene, occur- ring in two isomeric forms. Naphthalin (maſ’-thal-in) [váj6a, asphaltum]. Same as Aſaphthalene. N. Dye-stuffs. See Pigments, Con- spectus of N.-red, N.-scarlet, N.-violet. See Pigments, Conspectus of Naphthalol (maſ’-thal-ol) [váðffa, asphaltum ; oleum, oil], C6H4OH. COOC10H1. A salicylic-acid deriva- tive of 3-naphthol. Naphthamein (maſ-tham-eſ-in). spectus of Naphthene (naf’-them) [váðfla, asphaltum], CoOs. A hypothetic substance existing in many naphthalin compounds. The naphthenes are hydrocarbons present in German oils, and are also contained in Caucasian petroleum ; they are insoluble in sulphuric acid; octo- naphthene, CsPilg, and nono-naphthene, C, His, are well known ; the naphthenes are considered identical with the benzene hexa-hydrids. Naphthylamin (maſ-thil/-am-in). za'izz. Naphthylcarbamid (maſ-thiſ-Aar/-bam-id). See Aſaph- thy/urea. Naphthylene (maf’-thiſ-àn) [váð6a, asphaltum]. Syno- nym of AWaphtheme. N.-blue. See Pigments, Con- spectus of Naphthylurea (maſ-ſhi/-u/-re-ah) (váðffa, asphaltum ; oipop, urine]. A substance that appears in the urine after free administration of naphthalin ; it colors the excretion brown. With acetic acid it gives a rose color; with sulphuric acid it has a green reaction. Naphtol, or Alpha-naphtol (naf’-to/) [váðfla, as- phaltum], Clo H.OH. A substance that results from a-naphthylamin by means of the diazo-compound. It is soluble with difficulty in hot water, readily in al- cohol and ether, erystallizes in shining needles, and has the odor of phenol. It melts at 95°C., and boils at 278°–280°C. It is used in the preparation of alpha- oxynaphtoic acid. N., 3-, or Beta-naphtol, Clo H.OH, is formed from 3-naphthylamin. It is readily soluble in hot water; it crystallizes in leaflets, melting at 122°C., and boiling at 286° C. N.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of N.-camphor, a mix- ture of 3-naphtol one part, with camphor two parts. It is antiseptic, and is used in diphtheria and pulmon- ary tuberculosis. Unof. N.-green, N.-violet, N.- yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of Napifolious (ma-pîſ-o'-le-us) [mapus, a turnip ; fo/ium, a leaf). In biology, having leaves like those of the turnip. Napiform (na’-piform) [nopus, a turnip ; forma, form]. Turnip-shaped. See Pigments, Con- Same as Aſaphthal. NAPKIN Napkin (nap/-kin) [ME., napkyn, a napkin]. I. A handkerchief. 2. A diaper. 3. A cloth used by menstruating women. N.-holder, an instrument used by dentists for holding a napkin in position within the mouth while a filling is being inserted in a tooth. Naples (na/-p/s) [Ital.]. A city of southern Italy. N. Fever. A synonym of Rever, Zyphoid. N. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. N. Red. Same as Ocher. N. Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of: Napoleon Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Narceia (nar-se/-yah). Same as AWarcein. Narcein (wear/-se-in) [vápkm, numbness], Cºs HosNO9. An alkaloid contained in opium. It is sparingly sol- uble in water and alcohol, and forms fine, silky, in- odorous, bitter crystals. It is sometimes used in medi- cine as a substitute for morphin. Dose gr. 4. Unof. Narcelnic Acid (nar-se-in/-ik) [vápkm, numbness], Cls His NOs -- 3H2O. An oxidation-product of nar- cein ; it is a tribasic acid. Narcema (mar-se/-mah). Synonym of Marcosis. Narcesis (nar-se/-sis). Synonym of Marcosis. Narcissus (mar-sisſ-us) [vápklooog, narcissus, so called from its narcotic qualities]. A genus of monocotyled. onous plants. daffodil or chalice-flower, used as a diuretic. Unof. Narcitin (nar/-sit-in). Synonym of Pseudo-narcissin. Narcohypnia (nar- Áo-hip/-ne-a/ ) [vápkm, stupor; ãºvſtvow, to awake]. Waking numbness; a peculiar state in which the patient has a sense of numbness on awaking. Narcolepsy (may’-AEo-left-se) [vápkm, stupor; Aapſ3ávetv, to seize]. A term applied to the sudden but short attacks of deep sleep occasionally accompanying epi- lepsy, gouty, diabetic, and other affections. See also AWe/avan and Aºlariasis. Narcoleptic (mar-ko-ſep/-tić) [vápkm, stupor; Aapſ?&vetv, to seize]. Affected with narcolepsy. Narcoma (nar-ko'-mah) [vápkm, stupor]. . The stupor produced by the use of a narcotic. Narcomania (mar-ko-ma/-ne-ah) [vápkm, stupor; plavia, mania]. Insanity characterized by stupor. Narcomatous (mar-ko'-mat-us) [vápkm, stupor]. Per- taining to, affected with, or of the nature of, narcoma. Narcopepsia, Narcopepsis (mar-Āo-pep/-se-ah, mar-ko- pep/-sis) [vápkm, stupor; Téiptſ, digestion]. Slow or torpid digestion. Narcorthopnea (mar-k.or-thop-me/-ah) [vápkm, stupor; ôpflóg, straight; Tvoia, breathing]. Orthopnea ac- companied by stupor. Narcose (mar/-köz) [vápkm, stupor]. stupor. Narcosis (mar-ko/-sis) [vápkogic, numbness]. The deadening of pain, or the production of incomplete or complete anesthesia by the use of narcotic agents, such as the anesthetics, opium, and other drugs. Narcospasmos (mar-ko-spaz/-mos) [vápkm, stupor; ottag- ſtóg, spasm]. Spasm accompanied by stupor. Narcotic (mar-kot’-74) [vapſcottkóg, from vapkoinſ, to be- numb]. I. Producing stupor. 2. A drug that pro- duces marcosis. Narcotin (mar’-koſ-in) [vapkotikóc, narcotic], C, H, N- O. An alkaloid of opium, separated from morphin by potassium hydroxid. It crystallizes from alcohol in shining prisms, and melts at 176° C. It is said to be sudorific and antipyretic, but has no narcotic or hyp- notic effects. Dose, gr. j—ij. Unof. Narcotism (mar/-/-of-32m) [vapſcorticóc, narcotic; from vápkm, stupor]. The condition resulting from the con- tinued use of a narcotic. Narcurethritis (mar-Alt-re-thri/-tis). Gleef. Nard [vápóog, nard]. See Spikemard. In a condition of N. pseudo-narcissus Linn, common Synonym of . 836 NASAL Nardine, Nardy (nar/-din, mar/-de) [vápôoç, nard]. Pertaining to, or redolent of, nard. Naregamia (nar-eg-a/-me-ah) [E. Ind.]. Goanese Ipecacuanha; the bark of AV. alata, having properties due to an alkaloid, naregamin. It is useful in bilious disorders and rheumatism. The alkaloid has proved valuable in dysentery. Dose gr. xv. Dose of the tincture (I to 4) as an alterative muv-x ; as an emetic, muxv-xxx. Unof. Naregamin (nar-eg'-am-in) [marºgamia]. loid contained in AWaregamia alata. Narial (na/-re-al). Synonym of Masal. Naricorn (na/-rik-orm) [maris, nostril; cornu, horn]. In biology, the horny nasal case or rhinotheca of cer- tain birds. - Nariform (na/-rform) [maris, nostril; forma, form]. Shaped like a nostril. Narine (ma’-rin) [maris, a nostril]. ing to the nostrils. Naris (ma’-ris)[L. : £7, Mares]. The nostril. See Masal Aossae. N., Anterior, the nostrils. N., Internal, N., Posterior, the posterior openings of the nasal cavi- ties, through which they connect with the pharyngeal cavity. Narthex (mar/-ſheks) [vápômé, narthex]. Terula ; also a splint for the leg. Nasal (na/-za!) [masus, the nose]. Pertaining to the nose. N. Angle. See Angle. N. Artery. See Arteries, Zable of N. Bones, the two small bones forming the arch of the nose. See Bones, Table of. An alka- Narial; pertain- The genus j. . ºliſ. S& :: . # # #. & % | * - - rºſºft ri *...sº ū lº, & ºil; t R& º zºº'ſ &\ TRANSVERSE SECTION OF THE NASAL FOSSAE. I. Nasal septum. 2. Anterior extremity of middle turbinated bone. 3. Middle meatus. 4. Section of inſerior turbinated bone 5. Inferior meatus. 6. Lacrymal canal. 7. Canalic- uli. 8. Nasal canal. 9. Section of reflected mucous mem- brane. Io. Maxillary sinus or antrum of Highmore. N. Canal. See Canal. N. Cartilage. See Cartilage. N. Catarrh, catarrh of the nasal cavities; cold in the head; coryza. N. Cavities, the nasal fossae, 7. v. N. Cough, a reflex cough, due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the nasal fossae. N. Crest. NASARIUM See Crest. N. Diplopia. Same as Crossed Diplopia. N. Duct. See Lacrymal Duct. N. Eminence. See Bminence. N. Floor, the floor of the nasal fossae. N. Fossae, the nostrils; the cavities in the middle of the face leading to the internal surfaces of the nose. N. Ganglion, the spheno-pala- tine ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. N. Groove. See Groove. N. Index. See /ndex. N. Labyrinth, the irregular cavity formed by the turbinal bones in the nasal passages. N. Line. See Lines, Table of N. Meatus, one of the nostrils. N. Membrane, the Schneideri- NAL ASPECT. an membrane. N. Nerve. See I, , I. The two nasal Aerves, Zable of N. Notch. ... ..."; See AVotch. N. Passages, the ſerior border “4, 4. meatuses of the nose. N. Point. Internal border. 5, See Craniometric Points. N. § 3. External bor- Process. See Process. N. Re- g flex. See Aeſſexes, Table of N. Septum. See Septum of the Mose. N. Spine. See Spine. N. Voice, a peculiar muffled twang of the voice, espe- cially marked in cases of perforation of the palate. See Dead Voice. Nasarium (ma-za/-re-um) [masus, nose]. CllS. Nascal (nas/-k/) [mascale]. A pledget or dossil of lint, cotton, or wool, used in the treatment of uterine or vaginal disease. . Nascent (mas/-ent) [mascor, masci, to be born). A term applied to gaseous substances at the moment of their liberation from chemic union. Nasen (ma/-zen) [masus, a nose]. nasal bone in itself. - Nasethmoid (ma-zeth/-moid) [masus, nose; #616¢, a sieve; eiðoç, like]. Pertaining to the nasal and eth- moid bones. Nasiform (na/-ziform) [masus, nose; forma, form]. Shaped like the nose. Nasilabial (ma-zil-a/-be-al). See AVasolabial. Nasio-alveolar (ma’-ze-o-a/-ve/-o-lar) [masus, nose; alveolus, socket]. Relating to or connecting the nasion and the alveolar point. - Nasio-bregmatic (na/-ze-o-breg-mat/-i}) [masus, nose; 30éYua, bregma]. Pertaining to the nasion and the bregma. Nasio-inial (ma/-ze-o-in/-e-a/) [masus, nose; ivtov, occiput]. Pertaining to the nasion and the inion. Nasio-mental (na/-ge-o-mem/-fal) [nasus, nose; men- tum, chin]. Pertaining to or connecting the nasion and the mentum. Nasion (na/-ge-on) [masus, nose]. The median point of the naso-frontal suture. See Craniometric Points. Nasitis (ma-zi/-ſis). See Ahimitis. Nasmyth's Membrane. The epithelial membrane enveloping the enamel of the teeth during their development and sometimes also for a short time after birth; cuticula dentis. Naso- (na’-zo-) [masus, nose]. A prefix to denote con- nection with or relation to the nose, N.-alveolar. Same as Masio-alveolar. N.-basal, pertaining to the nose and the base of the skull. N.-basilar, pertaining to the nasal point and the basion. N.-frontal, pertain- ing to the nasal and frontal bones. N.-labial, pertain- ing conjointly to the nose and the lips; applied to cer- tain muscles. N.-lacrymal, pertaining to the nose and to the lacrymal apparatus, as the naso-lacrymal duct. N.-maxillary, pertaining to the nasal bone and the NASAL BONES, ExTER- Nasal mu- Belonging to the 837 NATURAL upper jaw-bone. N.-opisthiac, pertaining to the nasion and the opisthion. N.-palatal, N.-palatine, pertaining to both nose and palate. Also, the name of the nerve entering the nasal fossa and passing across the roof of the nose to the roof of the mouth, supply- ing that part of the mucosa behind the incisor teeth. See AVerves, Zable of N.-pharyngeal, pertaining conjointly to the nose and the pharynx. N.-pharyn- gitis, inflammation of the mucosa lining the naso- pharynx. N.-pharynx, the arching space between the posterior nares and a horizontal plane through the lower margin of the soft palate. N.-subnasal, in craniometry, applied to a line connecting the nasal and the subnasal points. Nasocular (na-zok/-u-lar) [masus, nose; oculus, eye]. Pertaining to the nose and the eye; nasorbital. Nasology (na-zo/-o-je) [masus, nose; 7670c, science]. The study of noses. Nasorbital (ma-zor/-bit-al) [masus, nose; orbitalis, orbital]. Nasal and orbital. Nasta (masſ-tah) [vaoróg, solid]. the neck about the shoulders. Nasus (ma/-zus) [L.]. The nose. Nasute (na’-såt) [masus, nose]. Large-nosed. Nasutiform (na-su/-täf-orm) [masutus, long-nosed; forma, form]. In biology, applied to nose-like pro- cesses of the heads of insects. Natal (na/-t') [natalis, from nasci, to be bornj. tive ; connected with one’s birth. Natal (ma/-tl) [natis, rump). Gluteal ; pertaining to the nates. Natal Sore. See Furumculus orientalis. Natalitial (na-tal-ish'-al) [natalis, from nasci, to be born J. Pertaining to one's birth. Natality (na-ta/-it-e) [natalis, of birth]. medicine and statistics, the birth-rate. Nataloin (mat-al/-o-in) [AVatal ; ážón, the aloe], C.s HosC11. The aloin derived from Matal aloes. Natant (na’-tant) [matare, to swim]. Swimming or floating on the surface of a liquid. Nates (na/-tez) [matis, the buttock; pl., Mates]. The buttocks. N. of Brain, the anterior pair of the Cor- Aora quadrigemina. Natiform (nat'-iform) [nates, buttocks; forma, form]. Buttock-shaped. Native (na/-fiv) [nativus, born). Coming into ex- istence by birth; of indigenous origin or growth. N. Albumins, a class of animal proteids occurring in a natural condition in animal solids and fluids. They are soluble in water, and are not precipitated by alkaline carbonates, sodium chlorid, or very dilute acids. Their solutions are coagulated by heat at 65° to 73° C. Dried at 40° C. they yield a clear, yellow or amber- colored, friable mass soluble in water, called solubſe album in. The two chief varieties of native albumins are serum-albumin and egg-albumin. Nativism (na/-tiv-izm) [nativus, bornj. The psycho- logic theory that assumes that our ideas of form, space, and distance are, at least in part, due to the make-up of the organism or to some native power or endowment, and not entirely to experience. Nativistic (ma-fiv-is/-tić) [nativus, native]. Pertaining to nativism. * Natrium (na/-fre-um). See Sodium. Natron (na/-tron) [Ar., matrān, native carbonate of sodium]. Native sodium carbonate. Also, sodium or potassium nitrate. This was formerly the exclusive meaning of the word. Natta (maſ'-ah). An old name for a wen, fleshy excres. cence, or tumor. [Obs.] Natural (nat/-u-ral) [natura, nature]. I. to nature. 2. An idiot. A fleshy tumor of Na- In State Pertaining N. Gas, the mixture of NATURALIA inflammable gases that is found issuing from the earth in various localities. It consists essentially of methane, with Small quantities of hydrogen, carbon monoxid and dioxid, and some nitrogen. N. History, a term including a description of all the products and phe- nomena of nature, but now usually restricted to the Sciences of zoölogy and botany. N. Order, one of the divisions in the classification of both animals and plants, varying in its technical meaning according to the system of classification. N. Philosophy, the science treating of the physical properties of matter at rest and in motion. It is now usually called Physics. N. Selection. See / volution. Naturalia (nat-u-ra/-le-ah) [natura, nature]. The genitalia. Naturalism (nat/-u-ra/-īzm) [natura, nature]. The expectant method of treating disease. Naturalization (nat-u-ra/-īz-a/-shum) [natura, nature]. The process by which a plant or an animal trans- ferred from its natural habitat adapts itself to its new Surroundings. - Naturalized (nat/-u-ral-izd) [natura, nature]. ing to naturalization. Nature (na/-tär) [natura, birth, origin]. The aggre- gate action and product of many natural laws (Dar- win). The energy by which the innumerable phe- nomena that fall daily under observation are produced. The word is loosely used as covering indiscriminately both biologic and non-living phenomena. Naturism (na/-tär-izm). Synonym of Maturalism. Naupathia (maw-pa/-the-a/) [vaig, ship; Táffoç, sick- ness]. Seasickness. Nauplius (naw/-ple-us) [vaig, a ship; TWeiv, to sail]. In biology, the earliest recognizable form of the crus- tacean larva, having an unsegmented ovate body, a median frontal eye, and three pairs of natatory feet, of which the anterior are simple and the other two bira- mose, N. Eye, the unpaired eye of all larval Crus- tacean, and retained in the adult AEntomosłraca. Nausea (naw/-ze-a/a) [nausea, vavota, seasickness]. Sickness at the stomach, with inclination to vomit. N. marina, N. navalis, seasickness. Nauseant (naw/-ze-ant) [vavata, Seasickness]. I. Nau- seating; producing nausea. -2. Any agent that pro- duces nausea. Nauseating (naw/-ze-a-ſing). Synonym of Mauseous. Nauseous (naw/-ze-us, or nazvg/-yus) [vavota, Seasick- ness]. Producing nausea, or loathing. Nautomania (maw-to-ma/-ne-a/.) [vaúT/g, sailor; plavia, madness]. A kind of homicidal madness said by some writers to exist among sailors. Navel (na/-v/) [ME., navel, navel]. See Umbilicus. N.-ill, a disease of calves, in which the navel be- comes inflamed and the adjacent parts red and swollen. N.-string, the umbilical cord. Navicula (na-vić/-u-/a/.) [dim. of navis, ship]. A genus of diatoms of many species, some of which have the frustules marked with very minute striae, the definition of which is sometimes taken as a test of the power of microscopes. Navicular (ma-vić/-u-/ar) [navicula, a little ship]. Boat-shaped. N. Bone. See Scaphoid. N. Fossa, applied to several cavities, especially to a depression between the vaginal aperture and the ſourchet, and to a dilatation of the urethra near the glans penis. N. Sheath, the synovial membrane covering the navicular bone in ungulates, as in the horse. Naviculoid (nav-iº/-u-loid') [navicula, a small boat; eiðoº, like]. Scaphoid. Naviform (na/-viform) [navis, ship ; forma, form]. Boat-shaped ; scaphoid. Navis (na/-vis) [navis, ship]. Relat- The vulva. 838 NECROCEDIA Navy-blue. Same as Prussian Blue and Soluble Blue. Neale's Lung. An apparatus devised for the purpose of removing the carbon dioxid and ammonia from the vitiated atmosphere of a room. It is also called AVeale's Chemical Lung. Nealogy (me-a/-o-je) [veažňg, young, fresh ; 26) oc, science]. In biology, the doctrine of the morphologic correlations of a young organism. Neanderthaloid (ma-a/in/-der-ta/-oid) [from A^eander- thal in Rhenish Prussia]. Resembling the (prehis- toric) Neanderthal skull, a noted skull ſound near Bonn, in Germany. A term used in craniology and anthropology. Neapolitan Fever. See Mediterranean Fever. N. Ointment, blue ointment; mercurial ointment. Near (měr) [ME., mere, near]. I. Being close by, not distant. 2. Closely akin. 3. The left side of an animal as distinguished from the “off,” or the right side. N. Point. See Punctum proximizem. N.-sight, N.-sightedness. See Myopia. - Nearthrosis (ne-ar-thro/-sis) [véog, new ; &pſpoolç. joint]. A new and abnormally-produced articulation, in the sequence of a fracture, dislocation, or disease of the bone. - Neat (net) [ME., meet, an ox or cow]. Cattle of the bovine genus. N.'s-foot Oil, Oleum bubulum, is prepared from ox-feet collected from the slaughter- houses. It is a clear, yellowish oil of specific gravity .916 at I5°C. It does not congeal until below 32° F., and is not liable to become rancid. It is of great value as a lubricant, and is used for softening leather and in the grinding of metals. It is recommended as a substitute for cod-liver oil. Unof. Nebula (neb/-u-la/l) [L., a cloud]. A faint, grayish opacity of the cornea. When more pronounced, it is called Zeukoma. Nebulization (neb-u-liz-a/-shun). Synonym of Atomiza- 2ion. - Nebulizer (meb/-u-li-zer).[nebula, a cloud]. An instru- ment intended to produce a spray, and then to break this up into a veritable nebula by impact against the wall of the containing vessel or other convenient obstacle. It is a valuable form of inhaler in tuber- culosis. See Atomizer. Nebulose (neb/-u-lóz) [nebula, º irist, a cloud]. In biol- ogy, having cloudy markings. Necessity, Triangle of. See Z}-iangle, Carotid, In- ſerior, in Triangles, Table of Neck (neé) [ME., necke, neck]. The constricted portion of the body connecting the head with the trunk; also, the narrow portion of any structure serving to join its parts. See Cervix. N., Ana- tomic, the constricted portion of the humerus, just below the articular surface, serving for the attachment of the capsular ligament. N., Derbyshire. Synonym of Goiter. N., Nithsdale. Synonym of Goiter. N.- rest, in massage, having the hands joined behind the neck. N., Surgical, the constricted part of the humerus just below the condyles. N., Wry-. Synonym of Zorſico//s. Necrectomy (neé-reſº/-to-me)[velºpóg, dead : *ktopſ, exci- sion]. The excision of the necrotic conductors of sound in chronic purulent otitis media; in a more general sense, any removal of necrosed material by a cutting operation. Necrencephalus (meſº-ren-sef’-a/-us) [velºpóg, dead; ëycépañog, brain]. Softening of the brain. Necrobiosis (nek-ro-bi-o/-sis) [vekpóç, dead; biog, life]. Molecular death of a tissue. - Necrobiotic (meſº-ro-bi-o/-iö) [velºpóg, dead; 8(og, life]. Pertaining to or causing necrobiosis. Necrocedia (neé-ro-se/-de-ah) [velºpóg, corpse; Kjóoç, care]. The process of embalming. NECK 839 NECK % Żº 2. º :^ ZºZº. - º MUSCLES OF SUPRA-HYoi D AND INFRA-HYOID REGIONS. I. Posterior belly of digastric. , 2. Stylo-hyoid. 3. Anterior * belly of digastric. 4. Tendon and pulley of digastric. SUPRA-HYOID AND INFRA-HYoi D REGIONs. 5. Anterior belly of I. Anterior belly of digastric. 2. Posterior belly. 3. Tendon right digastric. 6. - º and pulley for ten- Mylo-hyoid. 7. Hyo- **** don. 4. Stylo-hyoid. “NS:==== THE STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOID MUSCLE. MUSCLES OF THE #. 8. Sternal 5. My!o-hyoid. bers of right sterno- Hyo-glossus. 7. Ster- mastoid, 9, Sternal no-cleido-mastoid. 8. fibers of left sterno- mastoid. Io. Cleido- hyoid. II. Tendon of omo - hyoid. I2. Thyro - hyoid, 13. Anterior or sternal portion. 9. Posterior or clavicular portion. lo. Left sterno-hyoid. II. Right ster n o- Sterno - thyroid. , 14. hyoid. 12, 12. Omo- Inferior constrictor h y o i d. 13. Thyro- of p h a ry n x. I5. hyoid 14, 14. Sterno- Trachea. 16. Esoph- thyroid. I5. Anterior agus. 17. Rectus cap- itis anticus major. 18. Longus colli. 19. Scalenus anticus. 20, 20. Scalenus posticus. 21, 21. Levator anguli scapulae. 22. Sple- portion of inferior constrictor of phar- ynx. 16. Occipital muscle. 17, 17. Re- trahens aurenn. 18. Trapezius. 19. Sple- nius cap it is. 20. nius capitis. 23, 23. Splenius colli. 21. Splenius coll i. 24. Levator anguli scap- Trapezius. , 25. At- ulae. 22. Scal en us tachment of sterno- posticus. 23. Scalenus mastoid. 26. Retra- anticus. 24. Superior hens aurenn. 27. Oc- ortion of deltoid. 25. cipital portion of oc- uperior portion of cipito-front al. 28. Deltoid. , 29. Attach- ment of pectorales majores to sternum. 30. External intercos- tal. 31. Internal in- tercostal, pectoralis major. 26. Inferior and anterior portion of right pla- tysma myoides. 27. De press or anguli oris. 28. Depressor labii inferioris. 29. º º; º Masseter. So. Bucci- % " º * 11ator. *WWW º/#, & sº 2 ºft º ºrn - %22% * 'w' §§N Wºź \ 'Nº. ? - & \\ * \\ § § " º % % * * - sº º * * \\\\\\va I. Subclavian artery. 2. Subclavian vein. 3, 3. Common carotid artery. 4. Internal jugular vein. vein. 6. Omo-hyoid muscle. 7. Sterno-hyoid muscle. 8. Trunk of pneumogastric nerve. 9. terminal portion. II. Its descending branch. 12. Internal descending branch of cervical plexus. I3. Plexus formed by last two branches. I4. External carotid artery. 15. Superior thyroid artery and vein. 16. Lingual and facial arteries: 17. Facial artery and vein. 18. Occipital artery. 19. Anterior branches of the first four cervical nerves. 20. Superior laryngeal Inerve. 5. Anterior jugular ypoglossal nerve. Io. Its NECROCOMIUM Necrocomium (nek-ro-Ao’-me-um). See Morgue. Necrodermitis (neé-ro-der-mi/-tis)[vekpóc, dead; 6&pua, skin; trug, inflammation]. A gangrenous inflamma- tion of the skin. Necrodochium (mek-ro-doº-ke-um). See Morgue. Necrogenic (neé-ro-jen/-i}) [vekpóg, dead; yewvāv, to beget]. Originating from dead substances. Necrology (neé-ro/-oje) [velºpóg, dead; Wóyog, science]. A register containing the statistics concerning the causes and rate of mortality. Necromania (nek-ro-ma/-ne-ah) [vekpóc, corpse; uavia, madness]. See Wecrophilism. Necrometer (meſº-rom/-et-er) [vekpóg, dead; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for weighing organs at an autopsy. Necromimesis (neé-ro-mim-e'-sis) [vekpóg, dead; putumouc, mimicry]. I. The insane delusion of one who believes himself to be dead. 2. Simulation of death by a deluded person. - Necronarcema (neé-ro-mar-se/-mah) [vekpóg, corpse; vápkmua, numbness]. Synonym of Rigor mortis. Necronectomy (neé-ron-ek/-to-me) [vekpóg, dead; £k, out ; tāplvetv, to cut]. The excision of a necrotic part —applied especially to the excision of the necrotic ossi- cles of the ear. Necronium (neé-ro'-ne-um) [vekpóg, dead]. A sub- stance said to be found in the dead body in cases of Saponification. Necropathy (neé-rop’-ath-e) [vekpóg, dead; Táffog, ill- ness]. Any gangrenous or necrotic disease. Necrophagous (neé-roff’-ag-us) [velºpóg, dead; payeiv, to eat]. A term applied to those animals that feed on dead or putrid flesh. Carrion-eaters. Necrophile (ne/-ro-fi/)[velºpóg, dead; pºeiv, to love]. One who violates dead bodies. Necrophilia (neé-roºft/-e-a/). See AVecrophilism. Necrophilism (neé-roff’-i/-īzm) [verpáç, a corpse; (pºeiv, to love]. A form of sexual perversion in which dead bodies are dug up and violated; insane sexual desire for a corpse. Necrophobia (neé-ro-ſo’-be-ah) [velºpóg, corpse; på30g, fear]. I. Insane dread of dead bodies, or of phan- toms. 2. Thanatophobia; extreme dread of death. Necropneumonia (neé-ro-nu-mo/-ne-ah) [velºpóg, dead; Tvevuovía, pneumonia]. Gangrene of the lung. Necropsic (neº-ro/-sić) [vekpóg, dead; 6 pig, seeing]. Pertaining to a post-mortem examination. Necropsy (neº-ro/-se) [vekpóc, corpse; 67big, seeing]. The examination of a dead body. Necroscopic (neº-ro-s/o/-ić) [velºpóg, dead; alcoreiv, to view]. Pertaining to necroscopy. Necroscopy (neé-ros/-/*o-ſe) [vekpóg, corpse; ocotreiv, to inspect]. Post-mortem examination of the body. Necrose (neé-róz/)[velºpóg, dead]. To become affected with necrosis; to cause necrosis. Necrosemiotic (neé-ro-sem-e-of/-ić) [vekpóg, corpse; Omuelov, sign]. Serving as a sign of death. Necrosis (neº-roſ-sis) [vékpoolc, from velºpóg, dead]. The death of cells surrounded by living tissue. Necro- sis proper refers to death in mass, necrobiosis to death of individual cells. Among the causes of necrosis are: (I) direct injury; (2) obstruction of the circulation; (3) loss of trophic influence. The varieties of necrosis are: (1) coagulative necrosis; (2) liquefactive necro- sis; (3) cheesy necrosis; (4) dry and moist gangrene. See Gangrene. Necrosed tissues may be absorbed, re- tained, or thrown off. The dead tissue is called seques- trum in case of bone, and sphace/us in case of soft parts. In surgery the term necrosis is often applied specifically to the death of bone. N., Anemic. See /m/arct, An- emic. N., Caseous. See Cheesy. N., Balser's Fatty, 840 NECTAR the occurrence of areas of opaque whitish tissue often seen surrounding the lobules of the pancreas in acute pancreatitis, and also occurring in the omentum and mesentery and in the abdominal 'fatty tissue generally. They are usually about the size of a pin's head, but may reach the size of a hen's egg. On section they have a soft, tallowy consistence. They are constituted of a combination of lime with certain fatty acids, and may be encrusted with lime. They may occur independently of disease of the pancreas. See Diseases, Table of N., Cheesy, necrosis characterized by the formation of a cheese-like material. Dry and moist cheesy necrosis are the two varieties described. It is usually due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus, and is most often seen in the lungs. N., Coagulative, a variety characterized by the formation of fibrin. Its most common seat is the blood in thrombi. It also occurs on mucous membranes, where it produces false membrane, chiefly under the influence of the bacillus of diphtheria, but also of other irritant agents. Occa- sionally it occurs in the interior of organs as the result of embolism or thrombosis, leading to the formation of an anemic infarct g. v. N., Colliquative. See AV., Liquefactive. N., Embolic, coagulative necrosis in an anemic infarct following embolism. N., Hya- line, coagulative necrosis; also a synonym of hyaline degeneration. N. infantilis. Synonym of Cancrum oris. N. laryngis. Synonym of Perichondritis of the Larynx. N., Liquefactive, a process analogous to coagulative necrosis, but instead of fibrin the peculiar reaction of fluids and cells gives rise to the formation of a liquid. Blisters and vesicles, softening of the brain subsequent to embolism, and suppuration are the results of liquefactive necrosis. It may also be the terminal stage of all other forms of necrosis. N., Mercurial, a necrosis of bones due to chronic poisoning with mercury. N., Phosphorus, a necro- sis of bone, especially of the lower jaw, occurring in those exposed to the fumes of phosphorus. N. of the Teeth, odonto-necrosis. By the term necrosis, when applied to the teeth, is meant the entire death of the pulp and the loss of vitality of the peridental membrane. N. ustilaginea, dry gangrene from ergotism. º Necrosozoic (neé-ro-so-zo/-ić) [vekpóg, dead; oºjeiv, to preserve]. Having power to preserve or to em- balm. Necrosteon (neé-ros/-te-on) [vekpóg, dead; boréov, bone]. Necrosis of bone. Necrotic (neé-ro/-ić) [vekpóg, dead]. or characterized by necrosis. N. Pneumonia. Aºzezemzonia. Necrotomic (neé-ro-tom/-ić) [vekpóg, dead; touff, a cut- ting]. Pertaining to necrotomy. Necrotomy (neé-rot/-o-me) [velºpóg, a corpse; touff, a cutting]. The dissection of a dead body. Necrotype (me/-ro-tip) [velºpóg, a corpse; titrog, a type]. In biology, applied to types of organisms as regards any special region, in which, after having ex- isted, they became extinct. Nectandra (neé-tan/-dra/ ) [véktap, nectar; aváp, male]. A genus of lauraceous tropical American trees, of some 70 species, of which Bebeeru bark, the bark of AV. rodiaei, the green heart, a large tree of S. America, is commercially the most important, its tim- ber being of great value. It contains an alkaloid, Čečeerin, or buxin, Coolios NO, and is a bitter tonic and febrifuge. Dose of the sulphate of the alkaloid, gr. ii-v. Unof. Nectandrin (neé-fam/-drin). Same as Buxin. Nectar (meA/-tar) [véſcrap, the drink of the gods]. In biology, nectar, the sweet liquid in flowers from which Pertaining to See NECTARIFEROUS the bees make honey. It is secreted by certain special- ized organs known as nectar-glands. N.-gland, a gland secreting nectar or honey. N.-spots, N.- guides, Sprengel's name for the contrasted colors often seen in a single flower and so disposed in spots or lines as to suggest that they bear a direct relation to the point where the nectar is secreted. Nectariferous (neé-far-if”-er-us) [vékrap, nectar; ferre, to bear]. In biology, honey-bearing, or having a nectary. Nectarilyma (nek-tar-il-i/-mah) [nectarium, nectary; Auere, to wash]. In biology, a collection of long hair found on the inner surface of some flowers. Nectary (nek/-far-e) [vékrap, nectar: pl., AWectaries]. In biology, that part of a flower which secretes nectar. Necteric. See AVekteric. Nectocalycine (nek-to-ka/-is-in) [vnkróg, swimming; káAvš, a cup). In biology, resembling or pertaining to a nectocalyx or swimming-bell. Nectocalyx (neé-to-ka/-liks) [vnkróg, swimming; kážvč, a cup : pl., AWectocalyxes, Mectocalices]. In biology, the swimming-bell or locomotive organ of certain Aydrozoa, which, however modified, may be reduced to a simple type—that of a cup lined by a muscular membrane, by whose contractions the water is expelled, the animal being consequently urged by its reaction in the opposite direction; a nectophore. Nectocyst (neé/-to-sist) [umkróg, swimming; kijorig, a bag). Same as AVectosac. Nectophore (neé/-to-for) [vnkróg, swimming; ºpetv, to bear]. In biology, a swimming-bell, or nectocalyx. Nectosac º -to-sak) [vnkróg, swimming; offickoç, a bag or sack]. In biology, the interior of the swim- ming-bell; the nectocyst, or nectophore, of a hydrozoan. Nectosome (neé/-to-sām) [vnktóg, swimming; oºga, body]. In biology, the upper locomotor portion of a siphonophorous stock, as distinguished from the sipho- some or nutrient portion. Nectozoöid (nek-to-zo’-oid) [vmkróg, swimming; ºpov, animal; elóog, form]. In biology, the swimming-bell, or nectocalyx, considered as a specialized zoöid. Necusia (neé-u/-se-ah) [vékvç, corpse]. Poisoning by a dissection-wound. Necusin (nek/-u-sin) [vékvç, corpse]. septic principle in necusia. Needham's Bodies or Filaments. The spermato- phores of the cephalopoda. N.'s Receptacle, a cyst- like annex of the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle of the cephalopoda. Needle (ne/-d.) [ME., medle, needle]. An instrument used in surgery for suturing tissues, ligating vessels, and for other purposes. N., Aneurysm, one with a handle, and with the eye at the point, especially adapted for ligating vessels. N., Cataract, one for operating upon the cataractous lens or its capsule. N., Deschamp's, a needle with the eye at the point, and with a handle, for ligating arteries. N., Discission, one for insertion through the cornea, and breaking the capsule and substance of the crystalline lens. N., Exploring, an eyeless needle, grooved to bring away a few drops of the contents of a cavity, a tumor, or an abscess. N.-forceps, a forceps for seizing needles in surgery. N., Hagedorn’s, a flat suture-needle curved on its edge, with the eye perforating the side. N., Hare-lip, one provided with a small canula to be left £n situ after withdrawal of the needle, N.-holder, a handle for clasping a needle. Also, an insulated handle for holding the needles employed in certain forms of electro-cautery. N., Hutchinson’s, a needle for the ligation of hemorrhoids; it is fixed on a handle and has the eye at the point. N., Hypodermatic, the fine needle-pointed metallic tube attached to the The supposed 841 NELATON'S CATHETER barrel of the hypodermatic syringe. N., Knife, one that has a sharp cutting edge ; it is used in the discission of cataracts. N., Ligature. Synonym of M., Aneu- rysm. N., Open-eyed, one in which the eye is not completely closed but is in the form of a hook. N.- operation. See Axtraction of Cataract. See also Acu- puncture and Acupressure. N., Spanish. See Spanish AWeedle. N., Startin’s Wire, a hollow needle for carrying silver wire. N., Suture, a needle used for suturing. N., Whitehead's Spiral, a spiral needle with a terminal eye for use in staphylorrhaphy. Needling (ne/-dling) [ME., medle, needle]. I. See Extraction of Cataract and Discission. 2. A proced- ure sometimes employed for the detection of calculi in the biliary passages, gall-bladder, and kidney. Neef’s Hammer. An automatic arrangement for opening and breaking the current in an inductorium. Neelsen’s Carbolic-acid Solution. See Stains, Table of . Neftgil (meſt/jil). A solid paraffin found free in Baku. Negative (neg/-at-iv) [negare, to deny]. A qualification the opposite of positive; not affirmative. N. Chemo- taxis, the absence of the power of attracting leuko- cytes and wandering cells, or their repulsion. See Chemotaxis. N. Ocular. See Ocular. N. Pole, that pole of a galvanic cell connected with the carbon or least oxidizable plate. Also, that pole of an elec- tric generator toward which the assumed electric cur- rent flows. Negativism (meg/-at-iv-izm) [negare, to deny]. A symptom observed in some cases of so-called Cata- tonia attonita, in which the patient exhibits no sponta- neous movements, although his muscles spontaneously and powerfully antagonize any passive motion. Negro (ne/-gro) [miger, black]. A race of people dis- tinguished mainly by woolly hair, black skin, thick, protruding lips, and flattened nose. The melanochroi of Huxley’s classification. Also, an individual of the race. See Mulatto. N.-cachexy, N.-cachexia, N.-lethargy. See African Lethargy and Cachexia. N.-type of Idiocy. See Idiocy, AEthnic. Neisser's Method. A method of double-staining of spore-bearing bacilli. Cover-glass preparations are immersed for twenty minutes in fuchsin-anilin-water at 80° or 90° C., then rinsed in water or alcohol, and counterstained with an aqueous solution of methylene- blue, rinsed in water, dried, and mounted in balsam ; the spores are stained red, other objects blue. N.'s Micrococcus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. N.'s Oil, a modification of Lang's oil. It consists of mercury, 20 parts; ethereal tincture of benzoin, 5 parts; liquid vaselin, 40 parts; it is used by injec- tion in the treatment of syphilis. Neisseria (ni/-se-re-ah) [after AWeisser, a German physi- cian]. A generic term for a group of schizomycetes. The majority are micrococci. They will be found described under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Nekteric (meA-ſer/-ić) [vſkTàg, swimming]. In biology, applied by Haeckel to the voluntarily swimming or- ganisms of the ocean, as distinguished from the drifting or ploteric forms. Nekton (ne/-ton) [vmkrác, swimming]. In biology, the nekteric or actively swimming portion of the or- ganic life of the ocean (//an/ſon), taken as a whole. Nelaton's Catheter, the soft rubber catheter. N.'s Dislocation, a form of dislocation of the ankle-joint in which there is a displacement of the astragalus be- tween the lower extremities of the tibia and fibula. N.'s Fibers, the circular muscular fibers of the rectum. N.'s Line. See Zines, 7 abſe of. N.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of N.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of N.'s Probe. See Probe. NELAVAN Nelavan (ne/-av-an). See African Lethargy. Nematachometer (nem-at-ak-om/-et-er) [viſua, thread; táxoç, rapidity; puérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the rapidity of transmission of nervous im- pulses in peripheral nerves. Nemathece (nem/-ath-es). Same as AVemathecium. Nemathecium (nem-ath-e'-se-um) [vijua, a thread; 6mktov, dim. of 6%km, a case or receptacle: ž/., AWemathe- cia]. In biology, a wart-like growth of tetraspores of the thallus of one of the higher algæ (Ælorideae). Nemathelminth (nem-ath-e/-minth) [vijua, thread; £%puvg, worm]. Any nematode worm. The Memath- elmin/hes (the round-worms, or thread-worms), form a class of Vermes, many of which are endoparasitic. Nematilla (nem-at-i/-a/.) [vijua (vnuar-), a thread: p/., AWematillae]. In biology, one of the urticating- organs of a coelenterate; a nematophore, or Organa zerticantia. Nematoblast (nem/-at-o-blast) [vijua, thread; £2ao Tóg, germ]. A spermatoblast. See also Spermatogonia. Nematocalyx (nem-at-o-AEa/-liks) [viſua, thread; Kážvš, calyx; pl., AWematocalyxes, AVematocalices]. In biol- ogy, a hydrozoan calyx containing nematocysts. Nematocyst (mem/-at-o-sist) [viſua, a thread; Küotag, bladder]. In biology, one of the stinging-cells char- acteristic of the Cnidaria; a thread-cell, lasso-cell, snidocell, cnida, nemocyst. Nematode (nem/- at - Öd) [unuatóómº, thread-like]. In biology, filiform, thread-like ; resembling a thread; it is applied to thread-worms, hair-worms, round- worms, pin-worms. Nematodes (nemi-aē-o/-dez). Synonym of Mematoidea. Nematogen (mem-at’-o-jen) [vſjua, thread; yewſ.g., pro- ducing]. In biology, the vermiform embryo of a nematode worm. Cf. Achombogen. Nematoid (nem/-aſ-oid) [viſua, thread; eiðog, form]. Same as AWe/latode. Nematoidea (ne/t-at-oi/-de-a/) [vijua, thread; elóog, like]. Thread-worms; nemathelminths. The most important nematoidea parasitic upon man and the lower animals belong to the following genera, ar- ranged alphabetically: Anguillula, Ankylostoma, Ascaris, Eustrongylus, Filaria, Nematodium, Oxyuris, Strongylus, Trichina, Trichocephalus. See Parasites (Animal), Table of - Nematophore (nem/-at-o-for) [vijua, a thread; p.6poç, bear]. In biology, a cecal process of the cenosarc of hydrozoans, invested by a continuation of the hard cuticular layer, so as to be quite firm and inflexible, and containing thread-cells. Lendenfeld considers that the expression nematophore should be reserved for the chitinous envelop of the guard-polyp (Macho- polyſ); a nematilla, or urticating organ. Nematozoöid (memi-at-o-zo’-oid) [vijua, thread; Kºſov, animal; eldog, form]. In biology, one of the sting- ing tentacles of a siphonophore regarded as a zoöid. Nemocyst (nem/-o-sist). Same as AVematocyst. Nemophilous (memi-off’-iſ-us)[véuoç, a wooded pasture, pížog, loving]. In biology, fond of or inhabiting the woods ; nemorose. Nemorose (nem/-or-āz) [memus, a grove]. growing in groves or woodland. Nemours-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Neo- (me/-o-) [véog, new]. A prefix signifying new. Neoarthrosis (ne-o-art/.-ro/-sis) [véoç, new ; apôpov. a joint]. A new or false joint. Neoblastic (me-o-blas/-fi/8) [véoç, new ; 8%aotóg, a germ]. Originating, or of the nature of, new tissue. Neochmosis (ne-o/-/zo/-sis) [veox/lóg, new]. lapse or recurrent attack of a disease. Neo-Darwinism, Neo-Lamarckism (ne-o-dar/-win- izm, me-o-lam-ar.4/-īzm) [véoç, new ; Darwin, La- In biology, A re- NEOTOCOGALACTOZEMIA marck]. In biology, the doctrines of Darwin and Lamarck concerning evolution as modified by recent advocates. Neoëmbryo (ne-o-em/-bre-o) [véoç, new ; Śuffpwov, embryol. In biology, the earliest ciliated stage in the embryonic development of a metazoan. Neogala (ne-og/-al-ah) [véog, new ; Yê%a, milk]. Same as Colosérum. Neohymen (ne-o-hi/-men) [véoç, new ; iuffv, mem- brane]. A new or false membrane. Neo-Lamarckism (ne-o-lam-ar//-īzm) [véoç, new ; Zamarcé]. See AVeo-Darwinism. Neomembrane (me-o-mem/-brān). See AVeohymen. Neomorphism (ne-o-mor/ºftzm) [véog, new ; uopºff, form]. In biology, the development of a new form. Neonatus (me-on-a/-tus) [véoç, new; matus, born : gen. Al., AWeonatorum]. One newly born. Neonatorum, Melaena. See Melena. Neonatorum, Ophthalmia. See Ophthalmia. Neonatorum, Trismus. See Tris- %22/S. *- Neonomous (me-on/-o-mus) [véoç, new ; véuoç, law]. In biology, recently specialized or adapted to modified environment. Neontology (ne-on-to/-o-ſe) [véog, new ; ºv, being; Żóyoç, science]. In biology, Flourens' term for the study of existing organisms, as opposed to paleontology or the study of fossils. Neopathy (ne-op/-ath-e) [véoç, new ; Tráffog, illness]. I. A new or newly-discovered form of disease. 2. A recent complication or new condition of disease in a patient. Neophilism (ne-off/-iſ-izm) [véoç, new ; pºéetv, to love]. Morbid or undue love of novelty. Neophobia (ne-o-fo/-be-ah) [véog, new; pó80ſ, fear]. Insane dread of new scenes or of novelties. Neophrenia (ne-o-fren’-e-ah) [véoç, new ; ppáv, mindj. Mental deterioration in early youth. Neoplasia (ne-o-pla/-ze-a/.) [véog, new ; tāāooetv, to mold]. The formation of new tissue or of a tumor. Neoplasm, Neoplasma (ne/-o- plazm, ne-o-plaz/-ma/) [véog, new ; Tržáo.ua, growth). A new growth of tis- sue marked by histologic difference from its matrix; a tumor. See 7umors, 7able of N., Inflammatory Fungoid. Synonym of Granuloma ſungoides. Neoplasmatic (ne-o-plaz-maſſ/-īk) [véog, new ; Tââooetv, to mold]. Of the nature of neoplasm; neoplastic. Neoplastic (ne-o-plas/-tić) [véog, new ; tāāooeuv, to mold]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a neoplasm. Applied, also, to plastic operations for restoring lost tissue. See Autoplasty. Neoplasty (ne’-o-plas-te) [véog, new ; Tržáooeuv, to mold.]. An operation for the restoration of lost tissue. Neoscytechos, Neoscytechus (me-os-AEit/-ek-os, ree-os- Ait/-eč-us) [véoç, new ; akörog, skin; #xog, echo]. See Murmur, AVew Zeather, and Bruit de cuir neuf. Neosote (me/-o-sot) [véog, new]. A derivative of coal- tar having antiseptic properties. Neossin (me-os/-īn) [veogotá, a nest], Co, Hız N,Os. Mulder’s term for an insoluble material, the chief com- ponent of the edible birdsnest. Neossology (me-os-o/-o-je) [veoogóc, a young bird ; Aóyog, science]. In biology, the study of the incuba- tion and rearing of young birds. Neotenia (me-o-teſ-ne-ah) [veórepoc, an innovation or revolutionary movement]. In biology, Kollmann's term for the lengthening (for an indefinite time) of the period during which amphibians are gill-breathers. Neotocicterus (me-of-o-sik/-ter-ats) [veótokoç, new-born ; ikteoog, jaundice]. Icterus neonatorum. Neotocogalactozemia (ne-of-ok-o-gal-ak-to-ze/-me-a/.) [véog, new; Tókog, birth; Ydźa. milk; muta, loss]. A flow of milk from the breast of a new-born child. NEOTOCOPHTHALMIA Neotocophthalmia (ne-of-ok-off-thal/-me-ah) [veórokoç, new-born ; 6pffažpita, ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia neona- torum, 7. z. Nep [nepeta, catmint]. The catnip, Mepeta cataria. Nepal or Nepaul Tumor. A pendulous tumor of the ear, at times reaching the size of a child's head. It is endemic in Nepal, India. Nepalin (nep/-al-in). Synonym of Pseudaconitin. Nepenthe (ne-pan/-the) [vnTev6%g, banishing pain]. An old name for an Egyptian anodyne, probably Opium. Nepenthes (me-pen/-thés) [vmtrevſhc, banishing pain]. A genus of some 37 recognized species of tropical climb- ing pitcher-plants. The pitchers contain droserin, q. v. and azerin, 7. v., and have the power of digesting insects that are drowned in their watery secretion. Nepeta (nep/-et-ah). See Catnip. Nephablepsia (nef-ab-lep’-se-ah). See Miphablepsia. Nephalism (nef’-a/- izm) [vnya%topióg, soberness]. Total abstinence from spirituous liquors. Nephela (nef’-el-ah) [vepé%m, cloud]. Leukoma; also cloudiness of the urine. Nephelium (nef-e/-e-um). See Mebula. . Nepheloid (meſ/-el-oid) [ved £2m, cloud; eiðoc, like]. Cloudy or turbid, as the urine under certain conditions. Nephelopia (nefel-o'-pe-ah) [vejé%m, cloud; oth, eye). Cloudy or dim vision, due to some diminution of the transparency of the ocular media. Nephradenoma (nef-rad-en-o’-mah) [veppóc, kidney; &ó#v, gland; dua, tumor; pl., AWephradenomata]. Adenoma of the kidney. Nephralgia, Nephralgy (nefºra/-je-ah, mefra/-je) [veppóg, kidney; &Wyog, a pain]. Pain referred to the kidney; renal colic. Nephranuria (nef-ram-uſ-re-ah) [veppóg, kidney; &v, priv.; oëpov, urine]. Suppression of the renal secre- tion. Nephrapostasis (nef-rap-os'-tas-is) [ved póg, kidney; &Tóoragic, suppurative inflammation]. Abscess, or suppurative inflammation, of the kidneys. Nephrapragmonia (nef-rap-rag-mo/-ne-ah) [vegpög, kidney; &, priv.; Tpáyuov, work]. Inactivity or torpidity of the kidneys. Nephrarctia (mefrar//-te-ah) [veppóc, kidney; arctus, from arcere, to find]. Contraction of the kidney. Nephrastoma (meſºras'-to-mah) [vegpög, kidney; atóua (otóuata), the mouth : pl., AWephrastomata]. In biology, one of the ciliated funnels of the primitive kidney. Nephratonia (nef-rat-o'-ne-ah), Nephratony (nef-rat/- on-e) [veppóg, kidney; d, priv.; Tóvoc, tone]. Atony or paralysis of the kidneys. Nephrauxe (meſ rawks/-e) [veppóg, kidney; aiśm, in- crease]. Enlargement of the kidney. Nephrectasia (nef- rek - ta/- ze-ah) [veppóc, kidney; Škraotº, dilatation]. Dilatation of a kidney. Nephrectomy (mefºreéſ-to-me) [ve@póç, kidney; £kTouff, excision]. Excision of the kidney. N., Abdominal, nephrectomy through an abdominal incision. N., Lumbar, removal of the kidney through an incision in the loin. Nephredema (nefre-deſ-mah) [veppóg, kidney; oiómua, edema], Edema of the kidneys. Nephrelcosis (nefºre/-ko/-sis) [veopóc, kidney; 8%kootſ, ulceration]. . Ulceration of the kidney. Nephrelcus (nefºre!’-kus) [ved pâc, kidney; &Koç, an ulcer]. An ulcer of the kidney. Nephremorrhagia (nefºrem-or-a/-je-ah) [ve@póc, kid- ney; alua, blood; b/yvival, to burst forth]. Hemor- rhage from the kidney, Nephremphraxis (mefºrem-fražs/-īs) [veſpóg, kidney; Šuppašac, obstruction]. Obstruction of the vessels of the kidneys. 843 NEPHRITIS Nephresia (nefºre/-ze-ah) [vegp6c, kidney]. Disease of the kidney. Nephretic (meſ-ret/-īk) [veppóc, kidney]. Affected with nephresia. Nephria (nef/-re-ah). See Bright’s Disease. Nephric (nef/-rik) [veppóg, kidney]. Pertaining to the kidney. Nephridia (meſ-rid/-e-ah). Plural of Nephridium. Nephridial (nefrid'-e-a/) [veppóg, a kidney]. Of or pertaining to a nephridium. N. Ridge, the larger of the two ridges on the dorsal aspect of the body-cavity of a vertebrate embryo. It contains the transverse excretory tubules (segmental tubules, nephridia) which are developed from the nephrotomes. It is also called the Wolffian ridge. N. Row, one of the single or double cell-rows which lie near the neural rows, developed from the polar cells (or nephroblasts) in the embryos of certain worms. Nephridium, Nephridion (mefria/-e-um, meſºria/-e- on) [dim. of vegp6c, kidney : pl. , Mephridia]. In biology: I. The fat about the kidneys. 2. The renal- sexual organ (organ of Bojanus) in certain inverte- brate animals. Much convoluted cellular tubes func- tioning as kidneys in the anne/ida and certain mollusca. They occasionally act as ducts for the transmission of the sexual products. Cf. Aſephrogonaduct. I. Pro- visional or Embryonic Nephridia, those that tem- porarily appear in the ontogenetic development; (a) those that appear in that region of the embryo or larva that corresponds with the subsequent head-segment and which lie at the anterior extremity of the cell-mass (mesoderm streaks) are called embryonic head nephri- •dia or head Aidneys ; (b) those that appear in the trunk-segments are called embryonic or provisiona, trunk nephridia or kidneys. II. Permanent Neph- ridia, on account of their frequently strict segmental arrangement, are often called segmental organs, or on account of their looped or winding course (in Oligo- chaeta and Hirudinea) looped canals. The anal tubes of the AEchiuridae are sometimes called nephridia. Nephrism (nef/-rizm) [veopóg, kidney]. The grave condition of patients suffering from pronounced or advanced disease of the kidney. Nephritic (meſ-rit/-ié) [peºptrikóg, from veðpóg, kidney]. Pertaining to nephritis, or to the kidney. Nephritis (nefri’-tis) [veºpóg, the kidney; tıç, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the kidneys. It occursin various forms designated as acute, chronic, desquama- tive, glomerular, interstitial, parenchymatous, and tubal. See Bright’s Disease. N., Acute Albumin- ous. See AV., Acute Desquamatize. N. aposto- matosa, suppurative inflammation of the kidney. N., Cachectic, a synonym of Bright's disease in gen- eral. N., Clostridial, a form of chronic nephritis believed by Hopkins (F. V.) to be due to a peculiar microörganism, the “Clostridium renaſe.” The symp- toms are nervousness, sleeplessness, flatulent dyspep- sia, albuminuria, dropsy, dyspnea, heart-failure, and the presence of the clostridia in the urine, free and attached to casts. N., Consecutive, an inflammator affection of the kidney secondary to disease of t lower portions of the urinary tract. N., Glomerula See Glomerulo-nephritis. N., Interstitial, renal in- flammation affecting the connective tissue mainly. N., Intertubular. Same as AW., Znáez’sſifia/. N., Larda- ceous, nephritis associated with amyloid degeneration of the kidney. N., Metastatic, that secondary to dis- ease of another organ. N., Mycotic, that accompany- ing any form of mycosis. N., Parasitic, that depend- ent upon the presence of renal parasites. N., Paren- chymatous, that involving the true renal parenchyma. See Bright's Disease. N., Puerperal, the congested NEPHROABDOMINAL kidney of the puerperium, associated with albuminuria. N., Saturnine, that due to chronic lead-poisoning. N., Septic, that caused by germs. N., Toxic, that consequent upon the presence of irritant poisons in the blood, N., Traumatic, that following traumat- ism of the kidney. N., Tubal. Same as AV., Paren- chymatous. N., Tuberculous, that due to the pres- ence of tubercle-bacilli. N., Tubular. Same as AW., Parenchymatous. Nephroabdominal (neſ ro-ab-dom/-in-al) [veſ pég, kid- ney; abdomen, abdomen]. Pertaining to the kidneys and the abdomen. Nephroblast (nef/-ro-blast) [veppóg, a kidney; 3%aoróg, a germ]. In biology, one of the polar cells in em- bryos of certain worms, that give rise to the nephridial 7"OZ2/S. Nephrocele (nef’-ro-sel) [veppóg, kidney; Khàm, tumor]. Hernia of the kidney. Nephrochalazosis (mefro-Aal-az-o/-sis)[veſppóg, kidney; zañáſtov, nodule]. Granular kidney. Nephrococcosis (nef-ro-Aok-o'-sis), AVephrochalazosis. Nephrocolica (nef-ro-Kol/-ié-ah) [veºpóg, kidney; Kożukóc, colic]. Renal colic. Nephrocystitis (nef-ro-sis-ti/-tis) [veppóg, kidney; küotic, bladder; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of both bladder and kidneys. Nephrocystosis (nef-ro-sis-to/-sis) [veppóç, kidney; kiotic, cyst]. The condition of cystic kidney, or its formation. Nephrodinic (mefro-dim/-ä) [veſhpóg, kidney; divog, a rotation, a round area]. In biology, discharging the genital products by nephridia or nephrogonaducts. Nephrodysneuria (nef-ro-dis-mu’-re-ah) [veppóç, kid- ney; 6üç, difficult; veipov, nerve]. A morbid state of the renal nerves. Nephrogenous (nef-roj/-em-us) [veppóç, kidney; yeuvâv, to beget]. Of renal origin. Nephrogonaduct (meſ-ro-gon/-ad-uéé) [veſppóg, kidney; gona Jucá, from yová, seed; ductus, a duct]. In biology, a rephridium specialized to act as a gonaduct, as in certain molluscs. Nephrography (nef-rog/-ra -ſe) [veſ pég, kidney; ypáſhelv, to write]. A description of the kidneys. Nephrohydrops (nef-ro-hi/-drops), Nephrydrosis (meſ-rid-ro/-sis). See Hydromephrosis. Nephrohypertrophy (nef-ro-hi-pur/-tro-fe)[vegp6c kid- ney; itép, over; Tpopff, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the kidney. Nephroid (nef’-roid) [veºpóc, a kidney; eiðoç, form]. Kidney-shaped; reniform; resembling a kidney. Nephrolith (nef’-ro-lith) [veſhpog, kidney; Affog, stone]. Calculus of the kidney. Nephrolithiasis (nef-ro-lith-i/-as-is) [veppóg, kidney; Žiffagic, lithiasis]. The formation of renal calculi, or the diseased state that leads to their formation. Nephrolithic (nef-ro-lith/-i/) [veºpóg, kidney; Afflog, stone]. Pertaining to, or affected with, a nephrolith. Nephrolithocolica (nef-ro-lith-o-Kol/-īk-ah, [veppóg, kidney; Žíffog, stone; Kožtkóg, colic]. Renal colic due to stone. Nephrolithotomy (mefro-lith-of/-o-me) [veppóg, kid- ney; Aſbog, stone; topuſ, a cutting]. An operation for calculus of the kidney. Nephrology (mefro/-o-je) [véppóg, kidney; Wöyoç, science]. The science of the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the kidney. Nephromalacia (meſ-ro-ma/-a/-se-a/.) [veſhpāg, kidney; ſtañaſcia, softness]. Softening, or abnormal softness, of the kidney. Nephromegalia (nef-ro-meg-a/-le-a/) [veppóg, kidney; ſuéyag, large]. Same as Mephrauxe. Synonym of 844 NEPHRO-TVPHOIL) Nephromere (nef’-ro-mer) [veſppóc, kidney; Hépoc, part]. The part of the mesoblast from which the kidney is developed. Nephromiosis, Nephromeiosis (mefro-mi-o/-sis) [veſhpég, kidney; uetov, less]. Contraction of the kidney. Nephroncus (nefrong/-kus) [veppóg, kindey; bykoç tumor]. Tumor of the kidney. Nephroparalysis (nef ro-par-a/-is-is) [veppóc, kidney, trapáWvolç, palsy]. Paralysis of the kidney. - Nephroparesis (meſ-ro-par’-es-is) [veppóg, kidney; Tapequg, paresis]. Same as Mephroparalysis. Nephropathy (meſ-rop'-ath-e) [ve pog, kidney; Tāffoc, disease]. Any disease of the kidney. Nephropexy (nef’-ro-peks-e) [veppóg, kidney; triºtç, fixation]. Surgical fixation of a floating kidney. Nephrophlegmasia (néfºrosſleg-ma/-ze-ah) [veppóg, kidney; påeyplagia, inflammation]. Any inflamma- tion of the kidney. Nephrophlegmatic (nef-ro-ſieg-mat/ - ié) [vegpöc, kidney; påsyplagia, inflammation]. Of the nature of or due to nephrophlegmasia. Nephrophthisis (nef-roff’-this-is) [vegpög, kidney; ºffiotç, a wasting]. A cheesy inflammation of the kidney, the process often beginning in the mucous membrane of the bladder, or in the prostate, and extending to the kidney. The urine is generally acid, and small cheesy masses, elastic fibers, and shreds of cast-off connective tissue may be found in it. The disease is most frequent in males, and is due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus. Nephroplegia (meſ-ro-ple/-je-ah) [veppóg, TAmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of the kidney. Nephroptosis (meſ-rop-to/-sis) [veppóg, kidney; Tràgúc, kidney; fall]. Downward displacement of the kidney. See Floating Kidney. Nephropyelitis (nef-ro-pi-el-i/-tis) [veppóg, kidney; Tüehog, pelvis; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney; pyelonephritis. Nephropyic (meſ-ro-pi/-i}) [veppóg, kidney; pus]. Relating to suppuration of the kidney. Nephropyosis (nef- ro-pî-o'-sis). Same as Pyo. nephrosis. Nephrorrhagia (meſ-ror-a/-je-ah) [veppóg, beyvival, to burst forth]. Renal hemorrhage. Nephrorrhaphy (meſ-ror/-a/-e) [ve@póg, kidney; baph, suture]. Suture of a floating kidney to the posterior wall of the abdomen or to the loins. The stitches may be introduced through the capsule or even through the substance of the kidney. Nephros (nef’-ros) [veppóg, kidney]. The kidney. Nephrosclerosis (nef-ro-skle-ro/-sis) [ve@póg, kidney; ok%mpóg, hard]. Induration of the kidney. Nephrospastic (mef-ro - spas/- fié) [veºpóg, kidney; otáelv, to wrench]. Pertaining to spasm of the kidney. Nephrostegnosis (meſ-ro-seg-mo/-sis) [veppóg, kidney; oreyvoiv, to cover]. A cirrhotic condition of the kidney. Nephrotome (nef’-ro-tam) [veppóg, kidney; Tôuoc, cut]. In embryology, one of the two divisions of the primitive segments of the celum in vertebrate em- bryos ; it lies next to the lateral plates or mesothe- lium of the splanchnocele. It is also called the inter- mediate mass, Mittelplatte (Kölliker). Nephrotomy (nef-rot/-o me) [ve@póg, kidney; touff, a cutting]. Incision of the kidney. N., Abdomi- nal, nephrotomy through an abdominal incision. N., Lumbar, nephrotomy through an incision in the loin. Nephro-typhoid, Nephro-typhus (nef-ro-fi/-foid, mef. To-fi/fus) [veºpóg, kidney; Tüboç, stupor]. Enteric fever with renal complications. trüov, kidney; NEPHROZY MOSE - 845 Nephrozymose (nefro-zi/-möz) [veºpóg, kidney; £iplm, leaven]. A gum resembling diastase sometimes found In Ulrine. . Neptune's Cingulum or Girdle. Cingulum neptumi, a folded sheet, the end of which has been soaked in hot water, wrung out and applied to the abdomen, the larger and dry portion being utilized as a bandage. See Girdle. Neptunium (nep-tu/-me-um) [Meptunus, a sea-god]. A doubtful new element obtained from columbite. Atomic weight, I 18. Nérac, Pian of. An herpetic form of syphilis. Neritic (me-rit/-ä) [Nmpirmſ, son of Nereus]. In biology, a term applied to the swimming faunas and floras (plankton) of the coast regions of the continents as well as the archipelagoes and islands. Their com- position is essentially different from that of the oceanic plankton, and they are quantitatively as well as quali- tatively richer. Nerium (me/-re-um) [váptov, the oleander]. The leaves and root of AV. odorum, the common oleander. The extractive principles exert a marked effect on the motor centers, in lethal doses producing paralysis and death from heart-failure. In small doses they act as a cardiac tonic resembling digitalis. Dose of the extract gr. 33–34. The tincture may be given cautiously, in one-drop doses, gradually increased. Unof. Neroli, Oil of. See Azerantium. Neronian Phlebotomy. Venesection in which several veins are opened simultaneously. Nerval (ner/-val) [nervus, a nerve]. InerWe Or nerves. Nervate (mer/-vāt) [nervus, a nerve]. having nerves, as a leaf. Nervation (ner-va'-shun) [nervus, a sinew or nerve]. In biology, the arrangement or disposition of the fibro- vascular bundles in the blades of leaves, or of the nerves or veins of an insect’s wing; innervation. Nervature (mer/-vat-àr). Same as Mervation. Nervaura (ner-vaw/-rah) [nervus, nerve; aura, air]. A subtle hypothetic essence emanating from the ner- vous system, and enveloping the body in a kind of sphere. Nerve (nerv) [nervus, nerve]. A nerve is an elongated cord or tract of protoplasm made up of aggregations of nerve-fibers and having the property of transmitting impulses. N., Accelerator. Synonym of M., Aug- mentor. N., Afferent, one that transmits impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system. N., Anabolic, one directly or indirectly bringing about constructive metabolism. N., Arresting. Same as AV., Zn/hibitory. N., Augmentor, the cardiac sym- pathetic nerves, stimulation of which causes accelera- tion of the heart's action, N.-aura. Same, as AWer- vaura. N.-axis, the axis-cylinder. See AV.-fiber. N.-bristles, fine broaches barbed on one side, or with the end bent at right angles, employed for re- moving devitalized pulps from the canals of the teeth. N.-broach, a wire instrument for extracting the nerve of a tooth. N., Calorific, a nerve, stimulation of which increases the heat of the parts to which it is distributed. The term is applied to the dilator nerves and to those stimulating functional activity of organs. N.-canal, the pulp-cavity of a tooth. N.-canal Reamer, an instrument for enlarging the pulp-canal of a tooth, prior to the filling of the canal. N.-capping, a cap placed over a tooth to protect an exposed nerve. N., Catabolic. See AV., Aatabolic. N.-cell, a mass of protoplasm containing a large vesicular nucleus within which lies a well-marked nucleolus. Nerve-cells have one or more elongated processes, and in accordance with the number of these are designated unipolar, bi- Pertaining to a In biology, NERVE polar, or multipolar. The processes are of two kinds: the axis-cylinder process and the protoplasmic process. The axis-cylinder (Deiter's) process either becomes continuous with the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber, or divides within the gray matter into minute branches forming a delicate network. N.-cement, neuroglia. N.-center, a group of ganglion-cells acting together in the performance of some function. N., Centrifugal. Synonym of M., Efferent. N., Centripetal. Syn- onym of AV., Afferent. N., Cerebral, a cranial nerve, Q. v. N.-chord. Same as AV.-cord. N.-cord, a nerve; a cord composed of nervous tissue. N.-corpuscles, nucleated corpuscles lying between the neurilemma and the medullary sheath of medullated nerve-fibers; they are stained by methyl-anilin. N., Cranial, a nerve arising directly ſrom the brain, the oblongata or the cervical part of the cord, and making its exit through one of the foramina in the skull. N.-current, a current, by Some thought to pass through the nerves and muscles. N., Depressor, an afferent nerve, irri- tation of which depresses or inhibits the vaso-motor center. N.-drill, an instrument for enlarging the pulp- cavity of a tooth. N., Efferent, one carrying impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery. N.- eminence. Same as AV.-hill. N.-endings, the ter- minations of nerves at the periphery or in the nerve- centers. N. of Expression, the facial nerve. N.- fat. Same as Protagon. N.-fiber, a fiber having the property of conducting invisible or molecular waves of stimulation from one part of an organism to another, and so establishing physiologic continuity between such parts, without the necessary passage of waves of contraction (Romanes). There are two kinds of nerve-fibers: the medullated and the non-medullated. A typical medullated fiber consists of: (a) the axis- cylinder, which may be surrounded by a sheath, the axilemma; (b) the medullary sheath, or white sub- stance of Schwann ; (c) the neurilemma, or sheath of Schwann. The axis-cylinder consists of fine fibrillae cemented together by a granular interstitial substance, the neuroplasm. The medu//ary sheath consists of a reticulated framework composed of a material resem- bling neuro-keratin, and a semifluid substance filling the interstices, called myelin. At regular intervals the medullated sheath is marked by interruptions, the modes of Ramzier. Each infernode, as the portions of fiber included between two Ranvier’s nodes are termed, possesses a nerve-corpuscle. Under certain conditions the white substance of Schwann is seen to be com- posed of elongated pieces, the so-called Schmidt- Lantermann segments. These may be artifacts. The neurilemma, sheath of Schwann, or primitive sheath, is a delicate elastic membrane, closely investing the medullary substance. On its inner surface are placed the nerve-corpuscles. The non-medu//a/cd', pale, or Remak’s fibers, do not possess a medullary sheath, but consist only of axis-cylinder and neurilemma. The nerve-corpuscles are more abundant than in me- dullated nerve-fibers. Medullated nerve-fibers are found in the cerebro-spinal nerves, while non-medul- lated fibers occur in the sympathetic nerves and tend to form plexuses. Nerve-fibers are aggregated into fasciculi; these in turn unite to form nerve-trunks. The nerve-fibers in a fasciculus are held together by the endometerium, while each fasciculus is surrounded by a sheath termed the perimeurium. The epineurium holds together the several fasciculi composing a nerve- trunk. N.-fiber, Amyelinic. A synonym of non- medullated nerve-fiber. See AV fiber. N.-fiber, Myelinic. A synonym of medullated nerve-fiber. See AV.-ftber. N.-fiber, Organic. A synonym of non- medullated nerve-fiber. See .V. -fiber. N. - fiber, NERVE White. A synonym of medullated nerve-fiber. See AW.-fiber, N-fibril, a very fine filament of nerve- tissue entering into the formation of the axis-cylinder. N.-force, the energy of the nervous system. See Isomeric Theory of N., Forty-fourth, the sympa- thetic nerve. N., Frenator, an inhibitory nerve, N., Frigorific, a sympathetic nerve, so-called because its stimulation causes a fall of temperature; the vaso-con- strictor nerves are frigorific nerves. N., Ganglionic. A synonym of M., Sympathetic. N.-grafting, the * 846 NERVE transplanting of a portion of healthy nerve from an animal to man, after surgical operations necessitating the removal of a portion of a nerve. N.-head, the optic disc or papilla. N.-hill, N.-hillock, the motor end-plate of a nerve. N., Incident. A synonym of AV., Afferent, N., Katabolic, one giving rise to chemic and destructive changes in a muscle or other tissue. N., Krause’s Ulnar Collateral, a branch of the mus- culo-spiral, which accompanies the ulnar nerve for some distance and ends in the lower part of the inner ILLUSTRATIONS OF TYPICAL NERVE-STRUCTURES. MEDULLATED FIBER, witH SCHWANN'S SHEATH. 5. M e du ) lated fiber, with Scluwann's sheath. c. Neu- rilemma, f, d. Ranvier's nodes. 6. White substance of Schwann. d. Cells of the endoneurium. a. Axis- cylinder. MEDULLATED VARICOSE PRIMITIVE FIBRILLA AND - * I BER. AXIS-CYLINDER. MULTIPOLAR NERVE-cELL FROM THE SPINAL CORD. 2. Axis-cylinder process. y. Protoplasmic processes. REMAK's FIBERs. Nerve-fibers treated with silver nitrate and showing Froh- mann's lines. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A NERVE-FIBER. 4% º %Y.4%; * : * ºš § ºğ }º $ a. K º 3. º º º § Sº § §§ §§ º (º§ º Rº: º: Yºº §§ § § GD §§ º ğ Sº Nº. § Yº sº º º º GANGLloNic CELL, showING A SPIRAL AND A STRAIGHT PROCESS. PERIPHERAL GANGLIONIC CELL, witH A Connec- TIVE-TISSUE CAPSULE. 3NERVED head of the triceps. N.-less, without a nerve. N.- like, resembling a nerve. N.-loop, an arched con- nection between two or more nerves. N.-medulla, the axis-cylinder of a nerve. N., Medullated. See M.-fiber. N.-mimicry. Same as AWeuromimesis. N., Mixed, one made up of both afferent and efferent fibers. N.-motion, the condition of excitement of nerves in the normal, intact body, due to physiologic or normal stimulus; its nature is unknown. N., Motor, one containing only or chiefly motor fibers. N.-needle, in dentistry, an instrument used for broach- ing out a pulp-cavity. N., Non-medullated. See AV.-fiber. N.-paste, a preparation for destroying the nerves of teeth, for the composition of which dif- ferent formulae are given. Some are composed of arsenious acid and creasote, others of arsenious acid, creasote, and sulphate of morphin. N.-path, the course pursued by a nervous impulse. N.-plate, a layer of nervous tissue, which may develop into a nerve-tube or nerve-cord. N.-plexus, a grouping of nerves. N.-power, the nervous energy of the body. N., Pressor, an afferent nerve, irritation of which stimulates the vaso-motor center. N.-ring, the ring of nerve-fibers surrounding a hair-follicle below the orifice of the sebaceous glands. N.-root: I. The root of a nerve ; the nerve or one of its con- stituent parts, as it emerges from a central organ. 2. The plant Cypripedium, pubescens. N.-rudiment, the rudiment of a nerve. N., Secretory, an efferent nerve, stimulation of which causes increased activity of the gland to which it is distributed. N.-section, the division of a merve for the relief of neuralgia. N.-shaken, having the nervous system shattered. N., Spinal, one of those arising from the spinal cord and making its exit through an intervertebral foramen. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. N.-storm, a sudden outburst or paroxysm of neurotic disturbance. N.-stretching, mechanical elongation or tension of a nerve, for neuralgia, spasmodic contraction, and other pathologic conditions. N.-substance, the substance of a nerve-cell. N., Sympathetic, one of a sys- tem of nerves distributed chiefly to the blood-vessels and to the viscera. They are so-called because they were thought to establish a communication or sym- pathy between distant organs of the body, especially in diseased states. See Sympathetic. N., Thermic. A synonym of AV., Calorific. N.-tire, neurasthenia. N.-tissue, the intrinsic substance of a nerve or nerve- fiber. N.-track, same as AV-path. N., Trophic, a nerve, the function of which is to preside over the nutrition of the part to which it is distributed. N.- trunk, the main division or stem of a nerve. N.-tube, a nerve-fiber; also a hollow cord of embryonic nervous tissue. N.-tuft, a minute plexus of nerve-fibers. N.- tumor. See AVeuroma and Tumors, 7able of N.- tunic, an investiture by nervous tissue. N.-twig, a minute ramification of a nerve. N., Ulnar Collateral. See AV., Arause's. N., Vaso-constrictor. See AV., Vaso-motor, N., Vaso-dilator. See AV., Paso- motor. N., Vaso-hypertonic. A synonym of AW., Paso-constrictor. N., Vaso-inhibitory. A synonym of AV., Vaso-diſotor, N., Vaso-motor; vaso-motor nerves are of two kinds—those, stimulation of which causes contraction of the vessels, vaso-constrictor nerves, and those, stimulation of which causes active dilatation, vaso-dilator nerves. Ordinarily vaso-motor is synonymous with vaso-constrictor. N.-wave, a wave-motion in a nerve. Nerved (nervd) [nervus, a fiber]. nervose ; innervated. Nervelessness (nervº-les-nes) [nervus, a nerve]. Lack of vigor ; a nerveless state. Having nerves; 847 NESTIATRIA Nervi (ner/-vi) [L.]. Plural of Mervus, a nerve. Nerves. N. nervorum, a term applied to the small nerves distributed to the nerve-sheaths. Nerviduct (mer/-vid-ukt) [nervus, nerve; ductus, duct]. The channel by which a nerve passes through a bone. Nerville (mer/-vil) [nervillus, dim. of nervus, nerve]. In biology, a very fine nerve in the blade of a leaf. Nervinotion (mer/-wim-o-shun) [nervus, a nerve : motio, motion]. In biology, the reflex action of the nervous system, or the power of self-motion, as in leaves. Nervinotor (mer/-wim-o-tor) [nervus, a nerve; motor, a mover]. I. Pertaining to or causing nervinotion. 2. That which causes nervinotion. Nervine (ner/-win) [nervus, nerve]. I. Pertaining to the nerves. 2. Acting favorably, or decidedly, upon the nerves. 3. A remedy that calms nervous excite- ment or acts favorably on nervous diseases. 4. The plant Cypripedium pubescenes. Nervose (ner/-vöz) [nervosus, full of fibers]. Nerved; conspicuously nerved. Nervosism (mer/-vo-sizm) [Fr. nervosisme, nervus, a nerve]. I. Neurasthenia or nervousness. 2. The doctrine that all morbid phenomena are caused by al- terations of nerve-force. Nervous (mer/-vus) [nervus, a nerve]. Pertaining to nerves. Applied to conditions of hyperesthesia and neurasthenia. N. Bladder. See Bladder. N. Break- down. See Meurasthenia. N. Cough, an hysteric disturbance of the motor functions of the larynx, mani- festing itself as an almost constant cough, unassociated with disease of the laryngeal mucosa. N. Fluid, a hypothetic fluid supposed to traverse the nerves from the nerve-centers to the periphery. N. Impulse, the impulse propagated along a stimulated nerve. N. In- fluence. Same as AVerve-power. N. Irritability, a morbid condition of excitability of the nervous system. N. Quinsy. A synonym of Globus Ayséericus. N. Shock, a functional disturbance of the central nervous system, following fright or other violent emotion. N. System. See Cerebro-spinal. N. Temperament. See Temperament. N. Vomiting, a condition not associated with anatomic changes in the stomach or with any morbid state of its contents, but due to ner- vous influences acting either directly or indirectly upon the centers presiding over the act of vomiting. It usually occurs in brunet women, and is, as a rule, not of much gravity, although death has occurred. Nervousness (ner/-vus-nes) [nervus, nerve]. A con- dition of over-excitability of the nervous system, char- acterized by great unrest, mental and physical. Nervule, Nervulet (ner/-vii/, mer/-vie-let) [dim. of nervus, nerve]. A small nerve. Nervulose (ner/-zee-lóz) [nervulus, dim. of nervus, a nerve]. In biology, minutely nervose. Nervure (ner/-vār) [nervus, a sinew]. In biology, one of the veins or nerves of a leaf or an insect's wing. - Nesis (ne/-sis) [vijotg, suture]. Suture. Nessler's Reagent and Test. A solution of potas. sium iodid, mercuric chlorid, and sodium hydroxid, used in estimating the amount of ammonia in water. See Tests, Table of Nesslerizing (nes’-ſer-i-zing) [after Aſessler, a chemist]. The process of using Nessler's reagent. Nest [ME., nest, a nest]. The home of a bird; the place where its eggs are laid. N.-cell, an aggrega- tion or cluster of cells, as in carcinoma. Nesteia (mes-fi/-ah) [v]oteia, fasting]. I. 2. The jejunum. Nestiatria (mes-te-a/-tre-ah) [vyateia, a fast; tarpsia, treatment]. Hunger-cure ; treatment by fasting. Fasting. NERVES tº 848 NERVES THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF NERVEs. º % Žbes {}}#64%. AE 43% to 4% toGefäboégºveanog. gº- £23. 5. V%a'tazz co-SPGangſton (orbºrous 6.9 A § a 33/V. Glasso?har l 626 of Pneumogastric Zazye.S.Petrosal Jrom /*Cervica/A. &AEyzagãossał W S 2 Aq. Es éo & 9 ºt. Carotid A. SS 3rt: SS § sº § Se &Aaryngea. A G=GANGEJ9N sº Cardiac & ſºvewmogastrzc P=PLEXUs. &nd Rec Zaryngeal Xerves A=ARTERY. Y2. Šs WYSSºx<\º - à Sºardiac Aexas §º \. ...}(Zºronagy//exas \º. º Cz-> - º' Gystic - f ºys astro-dºzzoderzaz Eºs Ayāoric Gazstric Plexus Bºr-Sºz º W - O. & §):º #s * §§ sº 㺠ß: "º § jº pºg. º 㺠Ségéeaeºp) § J zººsº §ºš ‘S |X- º CŞ===N NN g N. S. 5'ſ § & § M1 N 3:::::::::::::: P homaſsacrºV ...Sperºzzaráčc Plexus gº As S %. Sº ~~ {2 \º e * - & 3ºsey 22- § Aeëvrcorſºſ Hypogastric Plexus :# 2 /?om Coccygeaz Gazgizon Impar. retter da.” 20tters Ómpendoſ/atomy 849 NERVES Snxºlº[PDIAJ?)9ų| 910SnW p10)seW-0p19IO-OuJºļş bu! Kq pºu9a02 sy * Sº |29 []2eIndepş ſın6ue Joqea3Id |0SnW|pue snipaw snu,9|90ç}3ųą uod n sa || 22222&oloPºr *«???????? 7，929 4，2% praedae? saeqyzaz/ Tºp'u3||0d NERVES ‘S nxòId IeoțAJøO ‘SGARIAN TWNldŞ AHL 2/f2/-ozzº ??????|- zný%%%%%%%,-->Tºp Jºho）, \！ ！ÈN 2??a>?Èş§）, ،º «№N º 4;z-azzºººººººº«;，&9&_6\\7z 22.4.zá<%！& ºſ #Zººgjº ?????????\\Șs %%%%%%%%\\722224./20 4żZ?????zºzºa???Z 9\! ¿??¿ ?\ «ż º7，2 a●ſz/27oy????）zzyZ} $%%%%%%;$}(sȚILIAA jošā5 ſo snuoN) 、、、。、。24、72。。 。* ¿ ~）; º24-22/2/29 /W· [essoſºođÁH -‘9A-IÐN ÁZÍ 's-GIANIGIN TVINVAŁO ZIHL 54 THE CRANIAL NERVES. 4% 2 %2. E URANIAL IN E RVTES. &e/ \ * C NERVES 7th Nerve-Facial, or Portial)ura. ޺- º, 9% or Gloss o-pharyngeal, * . .xy's § * 10th or Pneum o gastric, *~ & § § 9- | | * or Spinal Accessory. >Jº-> _--~~~~~ *~ .** % * Z g § º Ełł, ..." * º Šs - sº º 2:tºº * 1, Sºssº y WNº. * f #: Nº. 5% |C * 2. * º {{cffany- }} M } tr; (/ & . & ºrzozóżz/.5% ſº : | 4 ſº šº AN/ | Aſ? º: ! º Gºunozº * 'S | */ &ſ) \\ { f : Nº §/ & A ſpºſalar 3% ! 2". \\ : & 8) 2 N | * 8 \\ ; : § º Malº Sº 27A &_* Jafraoré.5% A %mazºramen 6\\º., * /t ; A N º: 7. º i ... In Č. N º ×4% :^_^4%a/3% 4 - Sº, ſº * $ º -- sº - º ! ºyſ # l ! g *~~~! 3. —ºriaz A. 2^ - ~ yºzzº&é º WS §§ & * b-NX: º \9 ** Ž Y § Ž References \ Yº : & }} ular § º: \º 23 .Petrous Üaſhq}}On Of Sº e As AºS º 3.Ganglion of #. Yagus É." zo.9% §§& § 4.6amalion of the º Trunk. ŞSNPs C/D à !. |...}} § '. Nerve, º References spinal part of Hº" Nerve W & & 7.5up Card m * c t. Large Superf. Petrosal, toform Vidian with N95. Ǻ*:::::A;Ppºetic \ & 2. Small Superf Petrosal,to otic Ganglion. Aorta on left side of the body. .r.l. 32°2 # #. Superf. Petrosal, to Plexus on Mid Meningeal Arte *ºf§ Spinaſ part of y 4.Tympanic Br: to Stapedigs,etc. - Ory. 5. Br. From Carotid Plexus, Making Vidian,with N91. #::::::::::::: º º (§ 6.7. Brs to Auriculo Temporal of 5% cerviçal''Nérves.” ymp & 8. Br to Auricular of Vagus. Potter,del 12.0livary body, (in broken ine). § sº - - 3. & Q M. The Ganglion of Meckel. Potterdel. º 0.A.F. Orifice of Aquaeductus Fallopii. Ajom Awars&mzend 9%aſomy * ��2，6ø9&&ºzzazy|ºp Jºļļ03 Tºp'Jēļļ03 �X£y s-șĂ” º 2222222>~Ķ� ?2«?/Vr2???șFae--ſºs-zoº?%2a^2-zzzzZ）&\（~~~~ œ ··→s， →sºs - ººº ：：（~）∞șižīņOººººo2đș ș. ~：=?==+?=īze№saeĒĒĒĒĒĢ$:Zwazº/204/-24-42， #7 ~9:24/07 43ºĶ •sº：1424^4./zz42， 24，0%~ Cſ)}}>~====№āã £Ž%SSCZ！#ff7;：Zºs22A^ „Cez*?§ſººſtu，ſae ğ7403/?=№294-4222222 ż77@77z7，2&4\ºººº(ſł 3/24/7932， 27~）>^ 22/7 （2002， 22~--~--~--~--~~）.· ººººoººyº >=~„e” ‘aº’aºxyzºzoz- * y={（~ 2222！！！ \ſ):SSSSSS） · Zº22r^?-！ OD ``ſè\\\\ \º, №, `][\S\\?>■ Ø&Ř®©_/\__，_|_„-|||||||}N（N&, | \ _º^T（SSSSSS §\\ ____Zººzº Zººzººaeg （SSSR。©) 32/22/222/zzº??z/zz22….…* --Z2！»}ſae), ºº， ºuzzossmoa，ynęłyauq,2，º • • • • • = = = №sø.zę， zºu apm216，0722：122\\ ś})（) 22，12N •* 2 2 „“ NERVES →， ===ºſgp/ ș№ ∞） =~~~==*** „Grºžānā，ș ==--~~~~）; ºsnuſu06ĻĻI-'04 19N vög ‘SCIAŁAN TVINVIO SIHL S@AHSIN TVINVHO GIHL 852 NERVES NERVES %ruonxa laddneu Jo sealan pue 'tºp'10110d ‘snxald [Brude:Ig *@*3% arazz/o: rzozzzzzzzzzzFZ -kº, 2ſ22&C º 2102-4 'u0||10d;|s|u|0,219|| |?!!?!！?!!0!!10d; 2 sſuſ Álº!JV AJ9||xķaiņſpuļļºq pueſo sºpis ņ0qU0s}} s|Jeļndensqnç pue Snu6ew șnąeJJ9Şalų jo uoſqe/Jºs #| 9ųUOdn pUp SnļAep -qnç8ų Moſºquºq}-\s]]}}P sºpsnu ſuaļ00çappiſ pue 10Jºļuſ， ºlų uºðMqºq 6uſÁ ‘e||X\| 0 || pueypº N 3ųļUI SțSnxºld|e|ųDº 1981|| |òpºlòļļOdſ4，êzzº， czºwązvozy ºººoººczº????-227，372， døºraz · caøa2，7222-2，2224/N \ \ \\\ \`№, 802}-\\$2 Ķè: <ę><`\\Ç`ÈN �^\\*èy�\È\àSS. *}2€?\NºsēsA. ¿N?>>È№ssè– , ,\ ׺r：S€ （~ ）¿№= º：→&Èà *>>~♥~§§=~ 2>=<` ∞°5≤=æs=æ-��*s） *«&ae,|-2«āō<№II } 32.47°ZOZMĒs！）\\ #fººzºº）. søsnxºtā teāoes º requin I \ / �2żº/º/Z#ZZ?z/24/ SºHABHGIN TVNICIS THHJ,ve ======= % ~~ Jozzazz-roguez ZT NERVES 854 & A wº WWW §º. §§§ º Aavº % % * tº sº. siąś §§ §§ ź sº º # º *...* º º: 17. º §º º Hºs § º ### §§§ sº. ººs MEDISECTION OF BRAIN. POINTS OF ExIT OF NERVES. º s wº->~~ : * º º :: -: ;4 - a º s.N. ' ' , º#2#!º' ..º.! º } ; s \ § i WN SUPERIOR OR CERVICAL MIDDLE OR DORSAL SEGMENT OF SPINAL PORTION OF CORD. CoRD. EQUINA. INFERIOR PORTION OF CORD AND CAUDA NERVES I. Falx cerebri. 2, 2. Its convex bor- der, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4. Inferior longitudinal sinus. 5. Base of falx cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of falx cerebri. 8. Right half of the tentorium, seen from below. 9. Right lateral sinus. Io, Superior petrosal sinus. II. Inferior petrosal sinus. 12. Posterior occipital sinus. 13. Falx cerebelli. I4. Optic nerve. I5. Motor oculi. I6. Pathetic. 17. Trigeminus. 18. Abducens. 19. Facial and audi- tory nerves. 20, Glosso-pharyngeal, pneumogastric and spinal accessory nerves. 21. Hypoglossal nerve. 22. First cervical nerve. 23. Second cer- vical nerve. 24, 24. Upper ex- tremity of ligamentum denticulatum. I. Floor of fourth ventricle. 2. Supe- rior cerebellar peduncle. 3. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 4. Inferior cere- bellar peduncle. 5. Enlargement at upper extremity of postero-median column. 6. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 7. Vagus. 8. Spinal accessory. 9, 9, 9, 9. Ligamentum denticulatum. Io, Io, Io, Io. Poster i or roots of spinal nerves. II, II, II, II. Postero-lateral fissure. I2, I2, 12, 12. Ganglia of posterior roots. I3, 13. Anterior roots. 14. Division of united roots into anterior and posterior nerves. 15. Terminal extremity of cord. 16, 16. Filum terminale. I7, 17. Cauda equina I, VIII. Cervical nerves. I, XII. Dorsal nerves. I, V. Lumbar nerves. I, V. Sacral nerves NERVES 855 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES (ALPHABETIC). NAME. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Abdominal. Sensation and motion. Vagus. Surface of stomach. Filaments. Abducens (sixth cranial). Motion. Fourth ventricle. External rectus of eye. Filaments. Alveolar. Sensation. Inferior dental. Molar and bicuspid teeth, Gingivales. and adjacent gums. Arnold's. See Auricular. Articular. Trophic, sensory (?). Anterior crural. Knee-joint. Capsular, synovial. Articular, 2. Trophic, sensory (?). Ulnar. Elbow-joint. Filaments. Articular, recurrent. Motion. External popliteal. Knee-joint and anterior Filaments. tibial muscle. w Auditory (eighth cranial, Hearing. Restiform body. | Internal ear. Vestibular, cochlear. portio mollis of .7th). Auricular. Sensation. Lesser occipital. Integument of post. and Filaments. upper portion of pinna. Auricular (anterior). Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Integument of external | Filaments. e3 T. Auricular (Arnold’s). Sensation. Vagus. External ear. Filaments. Auricular (posterior). Motion. Facial. Retrahens aurem, attol- Auricular, occipital. lens a u rem, Occipito- frontalis. Auricularis magnus. Sensation. Cervical plex us, 2d Parotid gland, face, ear. Facial, mastoid and auric- and 3d cervical. ular. Auriculo-temporal. Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Pinna and temple. Articular, two branches to meatus, parotid, ante- ~. rior auricular, superfi- * cial temporal. Of Bock. See Pharyngeal. Buccal. Motion. Facial. Buccinator and orbicularis | Filaments. oris muscles. Buccal, long. Sensation, motion? Inferior maxillary. Cheek. Superior and inferior buc- cinator and extern a 1 pterygoid. Calcanean, internal. Sensation. Posterior tibial. Fascia and integument of heel and sole. Several small filaments. Calcaneo-plantar, cuta- See Calcanean, inter | nal. Il COllS. Cardiac (cervical and Inhibition. Vagus. Heart. Branches to cardiac plex- thoracic). USeS. Of Casser. See Perforating, and Musculo-cutaneous. Cavernous. Sensation. Prostatic plexus. Erectile structures of penis. Filaments. Cervical, eight. Cord. Trunk and upper ex- Ventral and dorsal divi- tremities. sions. See Plear?zs. Cervical, first (anterior Motion and sensation. Cord. Rectus lateralis and two Filaments and communi- division). anterior recti. cating to vagus, hypo- glossal, sympathetic. Cervical, first (posterior Motion and sensation. Cord. Recti, obliqui, complexus. Communicating and cuta- division). - neous filaments. Cervical, fourth (ante- || Motion and sensation. Cord. Shoulder and communi- Communicating filaments, rior division). cating. muscular, etc. Cervical, second (ante-i Motion and sensation. Cord. Communicating. Ascending, descending, rior division). communicating and fila- nº entS. Cervical, second (poste- Motion and sensation. Cord. Obliquus inferioris, scalp, Internal or occipital is rior division). - ear, complexus, Splenius, major, and external. trachelo-mastoid. Cervical, third (ante- || Motion and sensation. Cord. Communicating. Ascending, descending, Motion and sensation. rior division). and communicating fila- mentS. I . Musculo-cutaneous nerve. 2. Branch to coraco-brachialis NERVES 856 | .*§ W W sº : ..º § * i :: º C } º §#5R- # # | ; sK. ºº& : BRACHIAL PORTION OF MUSCULO- CUTANEOUS, MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVES. TERMINAL PORTION OF MEDIAN NERVE AND OF ULNAR NERVE. 3. Branch to bi- ceps. 4. Branch to brachialis anticus. 5. Anastomotic branch from median. 6. Division of musculo-cutaneous. 7. Radial nerve. 8. Its external cutaneous branch. 9. Internal cutaneous. Io. Its anterior, or ulnar branch. I I. Upper portion of median and ulnar nerves. 12. Their middle portion. I3. Branch to pronator radii teres. 14. Trunk giving rise to anterior muscular branches. 15. Branches to flexor profundus digitorum. 16. Branch to flexor longus proprius pollicis. 17. Interosseous branches. 18. Palmar cutaneous branch. 19. Branch for muscles of thenar eminence. 20. External collateral branch to thumb. 21. Internal collateral branch. 22. External collateral branch to index finger. 23. Common trunk of internal collateral branch to index finger and external col- lateral branch to middle finger. 24. Trunk of internal collateral to middle finger and external collateral branch to ring finger. 25. Branch of ulnar nerve to flexor carpi ulnaris. 26. Branches to two inner fasciculi of flexor profundus digitorum. 27 Cutaneous and anastomotic filament. 28. Dorsal branch. 29. Superficial palmar branch. 30. Common trunk of internal collateral branch to ring finger and external collateral branch to little finger. 31. Internal collateral branch to little finger. 32. Deep palmar branch. 33. Branch of the latter to hypothenar muscles. 34. Branches to muscles of fourth interosseous and to fourth lumbricalis. 35. Branches to muscles of third interosseous space and to third lumbricalis. 36. Branches to the adductor of the thumb and to the mus- cles of the first two interosseous spaces. NERVES TERMINAL BRANCHES OF THE RADIAL NERVE. I. Trunk of radial nerve. 2, Branch to supinator longus. 3. Branch to extensor carpi radialis longior. 4. Branch to extensor carpi radialis brevior. 5. Biſurcation. 6. Poste- rior, or muscular division. 7. This division traversing the supinator brevis, to which it furnishes several branches. 8. Its terminal branches. 9, 9. Anterior, or cutaneous division. Io. Terminal branches of this divi- sion. II Musculo-cutaneous nerve. 12, 12, 12. Its terminal branches. I3. One of its branches descending to the wrist and anastomosing with the cutaneous branch of the radial. NERVES rºs 857 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.–Continued. NAME. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Cervical, third (poste- || Motion and sensation. Cord. Occiput, splenius, com- || Internal, external, and fila- rior division). - - plexus. 1116. Ints. Cervicals, 5th to 8th Motion and sensation. Cord. Brachial plexus. Communicating. (anterior divisions). * Cervicals, 4th to 8th Motion and sensation. Cord. Muscles and skin of neck. Internal and extern a 1 (posterior divisions). * branches. Cervico-facial.' Motion. Facial. Lower part of face and | Bucca ſ, supra-maxillary, part of neck. infra-maxillary. Chorda tympani. Motion. Facial. Tongue, tympanum, sub- Filaments. maxillary gland. Ciliary. Sensation, nutrition, Ciliary ganglion. Eye-ball. Filaments. - motion. i - Circumflex. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Teres minor, deltoid and Anterior, posterior and ar- skin. ticular. Coccygeal. Motion. Coccygeal plexus. Coccygeus and gluteus | Filaments. maximus. Cochlear Hearing. Auditory. Cochlea. Filaments. Colli, Šuperficialis. Sensation. . Cervical plexus. Platysma myoides and ven- Ascending and descending tro-lateral parts of neck. branches, filaments. Communicans hypo- glossi. See Communicans nozzi. Communicans noni. Motion and sensation. Second cervical, third cervical. Descendens noni, depres- sor muscles of hyoid bone. Omo-hyoid and filaments, ansa hypoglossi. Communicating. Motion and sensation. Cervical plexus. Spinal accessory. Branches. Communicating. Sensation and motion. F irst and second cer- vical. Vagus, hypoglossal, sym- pathetic. Three branches and fila- Inents. --> Of Cotunnius. | See AV a so-6 a lat in e mezze. Crural. Sensation. Genito-crural. Skin, upper and central part ant. aspect of thigh. Filaments. Crural, anterior. Motion and sensation. Lumbar plexus,second, third and fourth lum- bar nerves. Thigh. Middle and internal cuta- neous, long Saphenous, muscular, articular. Cutaneous. Sensation. Musculo–spiral. Skin of arm, radial side of One internal, two external. forearm. Cutaneous. Sensation. Ulnar. Wrist and palm. Ist and palmar cutaneous. Cutaneous (dorsal). Sensation. Ulnar. Little and ring fingers. Filaments and communi- cating branches. Cutaneous (external). Sensation. 2d and 3d lumbar. Skin of thigh. Anterior, posterior. Cutaneous (internal). Sensation. Brachial plexus. Forearm. Anterior and poster i or branches and filaments. Cutaneous (lesser inter- Sensation. Brachial plexus. Inner side of arm. Filaments. nal) (of Wrisberg). Cutaneous (middle and | Sensation. Motion? | Anterior crural. Thigh and communica- Communicating and fila- internal). ing. nnelltS. Cutaneous, perforating. | Sensation. Fourth sacral. Integument covering glu- || Filaments. teus maximus. Cyon's. See Depressor. Dental (inferior or man- dibular). Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Teeth, muscles. Mylo-hyoid, incisor, men- tal, dental. Dental, superior. See Dentals (posterior and anterio1). Dentals (post. and ant.). Sensation. Superior maxillary. Teeth. Filaments. Depressor. I, owe ring of the blood-pressure. In the rabbit, from the vagus. Heart. Filaments. Descendens hypoglossi. Motor. Cervical plexus. Omo-hyoid, sterno-hyoid. sterno-thyroid, thyro-hy- oid, genio-hyoid, , hyo- glossus and muscles of tongue. . Muscular, tongue. NERVES 858 ..ºf R § º ºf jº i [. §s .tº sº: § yº.y ºffſ; N w { t º º - §§§ \\ º- N MUSCULAR NERVEs of THE ANTERO- ExTERNAL POPLITEAL, OR PERONEAL THE GREAT SCIATIC NERVE. INTERNAL ASPECT OF THE THIGH. NERVE. & * - -: I. Superior gluteal nerve. 2. Inferior I. Anterior crural nerve. 2. Branches 1. External popliteal nerve. 2. Fibular gluteal, or small sciatic nerve. 3, 3, to iliacus muscle. 3. Branch to inner cutaneous branch. 3. Communicans 3. Branches to gluteus maximus. 4. part of psoas. 4. Large cutaneous peronei. 4. External saphenous nerve. Branch to pyriformis. 5. Genita; branch. 5, 6. Muscular filaments of 5. Trunk formed by the union of the branch of small sciatic. 6. Femoro- small musculo-cutaneous branch. 7. last two. 6 Calcanean branches. 7. Ex- popliteal branch. 7, 7. Trunk of Cutaneous branches. 8. Deep, or ternal terminal branch. 8. Internal great sciatic. 8. Branch to long head anastomotic filament of internal cuta- branch. 9, 9. Musculo-cutaneous nerve. of biceps. 9. Branch to short head. neous branch. 9. Branches to rectus Io, to. Its terminal branches. II. Anas- Io, Io. Branches to semitendinosus femoris. Io. Branches to vastus ex- tomosis of its external terminal branch I I, II. Branches to semimembrano- ternus. I I, II. Branches to vastus with internal saphenous. 12. Anastomosis sus. 12, 12, Branches to adductor internus. 12, 12. Internal saphenous of internal terminal branch with ex- magnus. I3. External popliteal. I4. nerve. I3. Its patellar branch. 14. ternal. 13. Anterior tibial nerve. 14. Its Internal popliteal. 15. Filament to Vertical, or tibial branch. 15. Obtu- terminal portion, anastomosing with the plantaris. I6, 16. Branches to gas- rator nerve. I6. Branch to adductor musculo-cutaneous and dividing to form trocnemius. I7. Origin of externa longus. 17. Branch to adductor the deep dorsal internal collateral saphenous. brevis 18. Branch to gracilis. 19. branch to the great toe, and the external Branch to adductor magnus. 20. collateral branch to the second toe. Lumbo-sacral trunk. 21. Union of this trunk and the first sacral nerve. 22, 22. Lumbar and Sacral portions of sympathetic. 23. External inguino- cutaneous branch. NERVES : 859 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.–Cope/Zreated. NAME. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Descendens noni. See Descendens hypo- gloss?. Digastric. Motion. Facial. Posterior belly of digastric. Filaments. Dorsal, 12 (anterior and Motion and sensation. Cord. Muscles and skin of chest External, internal, cuta- posterior divisions). and trunk. Il COUIS. Dorsal (of clitoris). Homologue of dorsal of penis. Filaments. Dorsal (of penis). Sensation. Pudic. Penis. Filaments. Esophageal. Motion. Vagus. Mu cous and muscular Esophageal plexus. coats of esophagus. Facial. Sensation. Great auricular. Skin over parotid. Filaments. Facial (seventh cranial, |Motion. Floor of fourth ven- || Face, ear, palate, tongue. Petrosals, tympanic, chor- portio dura). tricle. da tympani, communicat- ing, post. auricular, digas- tric, stylo-hyoid, lingual, temporal, malar, infra- orbital, buccal, superior and inferior maxillary. Frontal. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Forehead and eyelids. sº-orbital, Supra-troch- - €2.I. Gastric. Motion. Vagus. Stomach. Filaments. Genital. Motion and sensation. Genito-crural. Cremaster muscle. Filaments. Genito-crural. Motion and sensation. First and second lum- Cremaster and thigh. Genital, crural, communi- Cating. G loss o-pharyngeal (ninth cranial). Serisation and taste. Fourth ventricle. sº Tongue, middle ear, ton- sils, pharynx, meninges. Ty m p a nic, carot id, pharyngeal, muscular, tonsillar, lingual. Gluteal (inferior). Motion. Sacral plexus (2d and Gluteus maximus. Filaments. 3d sacral nerves). Gluteal (superior). Motion. Sacral plexus. Glutei, tensor vaginae fem. | Filaments. Gustatory. - See Lingual. Hemorrhoidal (inferior). Sensation and motion. | Pudic. External sphincter ani, Filaments. and adjacent integument. Hepatic. (?) Vagus. Liver. Hepatic plexus. Hirschfeld’s. Motion. Facial. Styloglossus and palato- || Filaments. glossus. Hypogastric. Sensation. Ilio-hypogastric. Skin about external ab- || Filaments. dominal ring. Hypoglossal (twelfth Motion. Floor of fourth ven- Hyo-glossus and hyoid Descendens noni or hypo- cranial). tricle. muscles. glossi, muscular, thyro- hyoid, genio-hyoid and meningeal. Iliac. Sensation. Ilio-hypogastric. Integument covering fore | Filaments. part of gluteal region. Sensation. Last dorsal. Integument covering fore | Filaments. Iliac. part of gluteal region. Ilio-hypogastric. .* Motion and sensation. First lumbar. Abdominal and glute a l regions. Ilia c, hypogastric, com- municating. Muscular, cutaneous and Ilio-inguinal. Motion and sensation. First lumbar. Inguinal region and scro- - tum. connmunicating. Incisive. Sensation. Inferior dental. Canine and incisor teeth Filaments. and corresponding gums. Infra-mandibular. See Infra-marillary. Infra-maxillary. Motion. Facial. Platysma myoides. Filaments. Infra-orbital. Sensation and motion. Facial. Nose and lip. Palpebral, nasal, labial. Infra-trochlear. Sensation. Nasal. Skin and conjunctiva of Filaments, inner part of eye, lacry- mal sac. Intercostal. Motion and sensation. Spinal cord. Muscles and integument of thorax. Muscular, anterior and lat- eral cutaneous. NERVES 860 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.—Continezzed. NAME. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Intercosto-humeral. Sensation. Second intercostal. Integument of upper two- Filaments. thirds of inner and poste- , rior part of arm. Interosseous (anterior). Motion. Median. Deep muscles of forearm. | Filaments. Interosseous (posterior). | Motion and sensation. | Musculo-spiral. Carpus and radial and pos. Filaments. terior brachial regions. Jacobson's. See Zympanic, of the glosso-pharyngeal. * Labial. Motion and sensation. Superior maxiliary. Muscles and mucous mem- Filaments. brane of lips. Lacrymal. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Gland and conjunctiva. Filaments. Of Lancisi. Longitudinal stria- tions on upper sur- face of corpus cal- losum. Laryngeal (recurrent or Motion. Vagus. Larynx. Branches to all laryngeal inferior). mus, except crico-thyroid. Laryngeal (Superior). Sensation and motion, Vagus. Larynx. External–c rico-thyroid muscle and thyroid gland. Internal — mucous mem- - brane of larynx. Lingual. Motion and sensation. | Facial. Mucous membrane of Filaments. to n gue, palato-glossus and stylo-glossus mus- cles. Lingual. Sensation. Glosso-pharyngeal. Circumvallate papillae and | Filaments. glands of tongue. Lingual. Taste and sensation. Inferior maxillary. Tongue and mouth. Filaments. Lumbar (5). Motion and sensation. Cord. Lumbar and genital tis- Anterior and posterior di- SUleS. visions, lumbar plexus. Malar. Motion. Facial. Lower part of orbicularis | Filaments. palpebrarum, and eye- |. lids. Malar. Sensation. Orbital. Skin over malar bone. Filaments. Mandibular. See Maxillary, infe rior. Masseteric. Motor. Inferior maxillary. Masseter muscle (and tem- || Filaments. poral 7) Mastoid. Sensation. Great auricular. Skin over mastoid process. Filaments. Mastoid. Motion. Lesser occipital. Skin over mastoid process.| Filaments. Maxillary (inferior). Sensation, motion, Trigeminus. Muscles of mastication, Masseteric, auriculo-tem- and taste. ear, cheek, tongue, teeth.| poral, buccal, gustatory, inferior dental. Maxillary (superior). Sensation. Trigeminus. Cheek, face, teeth. Orbital, spheno-palatine, dentals, infra-orbital. Median. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Pr on at or radii teres, Muscular, anterior, inter- flexors, two lumbricales, osseous, palm a r cuta- fingers, palms. neCUIS. Meningeal. Sensation. Glosso-pharyngeal. Pia and arachnoid. Filaments. Meningeal. Sensation. Hypoglossal. Dura mater. Filaments. Meningeal. Sensation. Vagus. Dura around lateral sinus. | Filaments. Meningeal, recurrent. Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Dura and mastoid cells. Filaments. & Mental. Motion and sensation. Inferior maxillary. Mu cous membrane of Filaments. lower lip and chin. Motor oculi (third cra- Motion. Floor of aqueduct of All muscles of the eye, ex- || Filaments. nial). Sylvius. cept external rectus, su- perior oblique, and orbic-. ularis palpebrarum. Muscular. Motion and sensation. | First and second cer- | Rec. cap. lat., rec. anterior Filaments. vical. major et minor. Muscular. Motion and sensation. Cervical plexus. Sterno-mastoid, lev. ang. | Filaments. scap., seal. med., trapez. NERVES 861 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.–Copez2722eed. NAME. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Muscular. Motion. Brachial plexus. Longus colli, scalen i, Filaments. rhomboidei, subclavius. Muscular. Motion, Musculo-spiral. Triceps, anconeus, sup- Internal, posterior, ex- inat. long., extens. carpi | ternal. - rad. long., brach. antic. Muscular. Motion. Median. Superficial muscles of fore- Filaments. 2.III] . Muscular. Motion. Ulnar. Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor Two branches. profundus digitorum. Muscular. Motion. Great sciatic. Biceps, semimembranosus, Filaments. semitendinosus, adduc- tor magnus. Muscular. Motion. Sacral plexus. Pyriformis, obturator int., | Filaments. gemelli, quad. femoris. Muscular. Motion. Anterior crural. Pectineus and muscles of Filaments. thigh. { Musculo-cutaneous. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Coraco-brach., biceps, Anterior and posterior. brach. anticus, forearm. Musculo-cutaneous. Motion and sensation. External popliteal. Muscles of fibular side of Internal, external. leg, skin of dorsum of foot. Musculo-spiral. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Musculo-cutaneous, radial, Back"of arm and forearm, g = posterior interosseous. skin of back of hand. Mylo-hyoid. Motion. Inferior maxillary. Mylo-hyoid and digastric Filaments. muscles. Nasal. Sensation. Dental, anterior. Mucous membra n e of Filaments. 4 inferior meatus. Nasal. Sensation. Maxillary, superior. Integument of lateral as- || Filaments. ~ pect of nose. Nasal. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Iris, ciliary ganglion, nose. Ganglionic, ciliary, infra- trochlear. Nasal, inferior. Sensation. Anterior palatine. Mucous membrane of nose. Filaments. Nasal, superior. Sensation. Meckel’s ganglion. Mucous membrane of nose Filaments. and post. ethmoid cells. Naso-palatine (of Cotun- Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Nasal septum. Filaments nius). Obturator. Motion and sensation. Lumbar plexus, third Obturator externus, ad- Ant and post. articulating and fourth nerves. ductors, joint and skin. and communicating. Obturator (accessory). Motion and sensation. Lumbar plexus. Pectineus and hip-joint. Filaments. Occipital, smallest or 3d. Sensation. Third cervical. Integument of occiput. Filaments. Occipitalis, lesser or | Sensation. Second cervical. Occipito-frontalis, ear, etc. Communicating, auricular, minor. filaments. Occipitalis magnus. Motion and sensation. Second cervical. Complexus, trap. and scalp. Filaments. Oculo-motor. See Motor oculi. Olfactory (first cranial). Smell. Frontal lobe, optic | Schneiderian membrane Twenty branches. thalamus and insula. of nose. Ophthalmic. Sensation. Trigeminus. Forehead, eyes, nose. Frontal, lacrymal, nasal. Optic (second cranial) | Sight. Cortical center in oc- | Retina. None. * ..., | * - cipital lobe. Orbital. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Mucosa of posteri or | Filaments. eth moid cells, and sphenoid sinus. Orbital. Sensation. Superior maxillary. Temple and cheek. Temporal and malar. Orbito-temporal. See Orbital (of supe 7-ior maxillary). Palatine, anterior or Sensation. Meckel’s ganglion. Hard palate, gums and | Two inferior nasal. great. In OSes Palatine, external. Sensation. Meckel’s ganglion. Tonsil and soft palate. Filaments. Palatine, posterior or Motor. Meckel's ganglion. Levator palati and azygos | Filaments. small. uvulae. Palmar cutaneous. Sensation. Thumb and palm. Outer and inner. Median. NERVES 862 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES...—Cozzzzzzzzed. NAME. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. Distribution, BRANCHEs. Palmar (deep). Motion. Ulnar. Little finger, dorsal and Filaments. palmar interosseous, two in n e r lumbricales, ab- ductor pollicis. Palmar (superficial). Sensation and motion. Ulnar Palmaris brevis, in n e r | Filaments and two digital side of hand and little finger. branches. Palpebral. Motor. Superior maxillary. Integument of lower lid. | Filaments. Parotid. Sensation. Auriculo-temporal Parotid gland. Filaments. Patellar. Sensation. Long saphenous. Integument over patella | Filaments. and plexus patellae. Patheticus (4th cranial). Motion. Valve of Vieussens. Superior oblique of eye. None. Pectineus. Motion. Anterior crural. Pectineus muscle. Filaments. Perforating (of Casser). See Music u lo-cuta | neous. Perineal. Motion and sensation. i Pudic. Perineum, genitalia, and | Cutaneous and muscular. skin of perineal region. Perineal, Motion and sensation. Fourth sacral. External sphincter ani | Filaments. and integument of anus. Petrosals. Motion. « Facial. Ganglia and plexus. Great, small, external to Meckel's ganglion, otic ganglion, and meningeal plexus, respectively. Pharyngeal. Motion and sensation. Glosso-pharyngeal. Pharynx. Enters into formation of pharyngeal plexus. Pharyngeal. Sensation. Meckel’s ganglion. Upper part of pharynx, Filaments. posterior n a res an sphenoid sinus. Pharyngeal. Motion. Vagus. Pharynx. Pharyngeal plexus, mus. cles and mucosa. Pharyngeal. Sensation. Sympathetic. Pharynx. Helps to form the pharyn- - geal plexus. Phrenic. Motion and sensation. Third, fourth, and fiſth Diaphragm, pericardium, Filaments. cervical. pleura, Plantar (external). Motion and sensation. Posterior tibial. Little toe and deep mus- cles of foot. - Superficial and deep. Plantar (internal). Sensation and motion. Posterior tibial. Sole of foot, adduct. pol- lic., flexor brev. dig., toes. Cutaneous, ... muscular, articular, digital. - Pneumogastric (ten th cranial, “par vagum”). Sensation and motion. Floor of fourth ven- tricle. Ear, pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach. Auricular, pharyngeal, superior and inſerior laryngeal, recurrent la- ryngeal, card i a c, pul- monary, esophageal, gas” . tric, hepatic, communi- cating, meningeal. Popliteal (external). Sensation and motion. Great sciatic. Extensors of foot, skin, and fascia. Anterior tibial, musculo- cut a n e o us, articular, Cutalleous. Popliteal (internal). Motion and sensation. Great sciatic. Knee, gastrocnemius, tibi- alis posticus, plantaris, soleus, popliteus, skin of foot. Articular, muscular, cuta- neous, external saphen- ous, plantar, external or short saphenous. Pterygoid, external. Motion. Inferior maxillary. External pterygoid muscle. Filaments. Pterygoid, internal. Motion. Inferior maxillary. Internal pterygoid muscle. Filaments. Pudendal, long (nerve of | Sensation. Small sciatic. Integument of genitalia | Filaments. Soemmering). and inner and proximal part of thigh. Pu(lic. . Motion and sensation. Sacral plexus. Perineum, anus, genitalia. Inferior hemorrhoidal, peri- neal, cutaneous, dorsal of penis. Pulmonary (a n terior and posterior). Vagus. Lungs. B ran ches to pulmonary plexuses. - NERVES 863 NERVES TABLE OF IN ERVES.–Continued. Name. FUNCTION. ORIGIN. #— DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Radial. ' Sensation. * Musculo-cutaneous. Thumb and three finigers. External and internal. Sacral (five). Motion and sensation. Cord. Multifidus spin ae, skin, gluteal region. Fil a ments and sacral plexus. Saphenous (external or | Sensation. Internal popliteal. Integument of foot and short). little toe. Saphenous (long or in- Sensation. Anterior crural. Knee, ankle. ternal). Filaments. Cutaneous, patellar, com- municating, filaments. Of Scarpa. See AVaso-palatine. Sciatic (great). Motion and sensation. Sacral plexus. Skin of leg, muscles of back of thigh and those of leg and foot. Articular, muscular, pop- liteals. Sciatic (small). Sensation and motion. Sacral plexus. Perineum, back of thigh. and leg, gluteus maximus. Muscular, cutaneous, long pudendal. Septal. Sensation. Meckel’s ganglion. Back part of nasal septum. Filaments. Of Soemmering. See Pudendal, Long. Spheno-palatine. Sensation. Superior maxillary. Meckel’s ganglion. See Ganglion. Spinal. Motion and sensation. Spinal cord. Trunk. Filaments. Spin a 1... accessory Motion. Floor of fourth ventri- Sterno-cleido -m as to id, Filaments. & ºth cranial). cle. *. trapezius. Splanchnic (great). Sympathetic. Thoracic ganglia. Semilunar ganglion, renal Communicating and fila- and supra-renal plexuses. ments. Splanchnic (lesser). Sympathetic. Tenth a n d eleventh Celiac plexus and great | Communicating and fila- thor a cic ganglia, splanchnic. In entS. great splanchnic. Splanchnic (renal or Sympathetic. Last thoracic ganglion. Renal and celiac plexus. Communicating and fila- smallest). In entS. Stapedial, Motion. Facial. Stapedius muscle. Filaments. Stylo-hyoid. Motion. Facial. Stylo-hyoid muscle. Filaments. Subscapular (three). Motion. Brachial plexus. Subscapular, teres major, Filaments. * and latissimus dorsi. Supra-acromial. Sensation. Cervical plexus. Skin over deltoid. Filaments. Supra-clavicular (de- || Sensation. Third and fourth cer- Skin of neck, breast and Sternal, clavicular, acro- scending). vical. shoulder. mial. Supra-mandibular. See Maxillary, supe 7°zor. Supra-maxillary. See Mariñary, supe | rior. Supra-orbital. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Upper lid, forehead. Muscular, cutaneous and pericranial branches. Supra-scapular. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Scapular muscles. Filaments. Supra-sternal. Sensation. Cervical plexus. Integument over upper | Filaments. part of sternum Supra-trochlear. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Forehead and upper eyelid. Muscular and cutaneous. Sympathetic. See Sympathetic, Gan glion, and Plezus. Temporal. Motion. Inferior maxillary. Temporal muscle. Filaments. Temporal. Sensation. Orbital. Integument over temporal Filaments. | muscle. Temporal. Motion. Temporo-facial. Orbicularis palpebrarum, Muscular. occipito-frontalis, attra- hens and attollens aurem, corrugator supercilii. Temporal, superficial. Sensation. Auriculo-temporal. Integument over temporal | Filaments. fascia. Temporo-facial. Motion. Facial. Upper part of face. Temporal, m a lar, infra- orbital. - Temporo-malar. See Orbital. NESTIS 864 NETTLE TABLE OF NERVES.–Continued. NAME. FUNction. ORIGIN. DISTRIBUTION. BRANCHES. Thoracic (posterior or Motion. Brachial plexus, Serratus magnus, Filaments. long). External respi- ratory nerve of Bell. A Thoracic, spinal. Motion and sensation. Cord. Muscles of skin of thorax. Filaments. Thoracics (ant. and ext.). Motion. Brachial plexus. Pectoralis major et minor. Filaments. Tibial (anterior). Motion and sensation. External popliteal. Tibialis antic., extensor long. digit., peroneus ter., joints of foot, skin of great toe. Tibial (posterior). Motion and sensation. Tonsillar. Sensation. Internal popliteal. Tibialis post., flexor long. digit., flexor long. *. skin of heel and sole, knee-joint. Muscular, external, inter- mal. Trigeminus or trifacial (fifth cranial). Motion and sensation (taste). Glosso-pharyngeal. Tonsil, soft palate, and fauces. Plantars, muscular, cal- caneo-plantar, cutaneous or internal calcanean, ar- ticular. Filaments. Medulla and floor of fourth ventricle. Skin and structures of face, tongue and teeth. Ophthalmic, superior and inferior max, divisions. Trochlear. See Patheticus. Tympanic. Motion. Facial. Stapedius and lax at or | Filaments. - tympani muscles. | Tympanic. Sensation. Sympathetic. Tympanum. Filannents. H Tympanic (Jacobson's | Motion. Glosso-pharyngeal. Tympanum. Tympanic plexus, commu- nerve). nicating, and filaments. Ulnar. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Muscles, shoulder-joint | Two articular, muscular, and wrist-joint, and skin | palmar cutaneous, dor. of little finger. sal, superior palmar, deep palmar. Vagus. See Pneumogastric. Vestibular. Sensation. Auditory. Utricle and ampullae of Filaments. the semicircular canals. Vidian. Sensation. Union of large super- Spheno-maxillary fossa, Filaments, nasal. ficial and deep petro- and posterior part of sal. upper nasal meatus. Of Willis. See Spinal accessory. Wrisberg's. See Cutaneous, lesser internal. Nestis (mes/ º [vijo Tug, fasting]. Fasting, Nestitherapy (mes-tith-er/-aft-e). See AVestiatria. Nestle's Food. A variety of milk-food for infants. Its composition is: Water, 4.72; fat, I.91 ; grape- sugar and milk-Sugar, 6.02; cane-sugar, 32.93; starch, 40. Io; soluble carbohydrates, 44.88; albuminoids, 8.23; ash, I. 59. - Nestoposia (mes-toº-o/-ze-ah) [vāotic, fasting; Tóalg, drinking]. I.)rinking on an empty stomach. Net [ME., met, net]. A reticulation or cancellation; a web or mesh ; a rete; anything formed with inter- stices or meshes, like a net. N., Bathygraphic, or N., Bathographic Zone, a deep-sea closable net em- ployed in the study of the many different faunal belts overlying one another in the great deep-sea zones, designed by Palumbo, Petersen, Chun, etc. N., Müller's, the “fine pelagic net’’ of Johannes Müller, a round bag of Müller gauze or silk mull, the mouth of which is kept open by a circular metallic ring. In ordinary pelagic fishing this ring is fastened to a handle from six to twelve feet long (like the ordinary butterfly net). While the boat moves along the opening of this net is held at the surface in such a way that swimming animals are caught in the bag, in the bot- tom of which they remain hanging, while the water N N passes through the narrow meshes of the net. After a time the net is carefully inverted and the tow-stuff (Auſtrieb) is emptied into a glass vessel filled with sea-water. If one wishes to fish below the surface, the ring of the net is fastened by means of three strings equally distant from one another, which at a point (about three feet from the opening of the net) are joined to a longer line which is sunk by weights to a definite distance corresponding to the desired depth. (AE. Haeckel.) N., Palumbo's. See AV., Bathygra- phic. N.-work, the arrangement of fibers in a retic- ulum. Network, Gerlach's, a network of processes of nerve-cells found in the gray matter of the spinal cord. Network, Haller's, the rete testis. etraneurysm (net-ran'-te-ri-m) [váTpov, spindle; fiveiptona, aneurysm]. A fusiform aneurysm. ettle (net/-/) [ME., netºſe, nettle]. The root of Ortica dioica, the common stinging-nettle, a common domestic remedy for renal complaints and hemorrhages. It is astringent, diuretic, and antiscorbutic. Dose of the flá. ext, mixx-xl. Unof. N.-fever, urticaria, 7. v. N.-fiber, one of the bast-fibers of the common nettle (Urtica dioica). When cleaned these fibers are soft, of good length and strength, and quite lustrous and white. N.-rash. See Urticaria. NETTLING-CELL Nettling-cell (net/-ling-sel). See Zasso-cell. Nettorrhynchus (net-or-in/-kus) [vārra, duck; hiryxoc, bill, snout]. A pseudoparasite present in human feces. See Parasites (Animal), Zable of. Neubauer's Artery. See Arteries, Table of N.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Neubauer and Vogel's Reagent and Test. See Tests, Table of Neuber's Tubes. Decalcified bone drainage-tubes. Neufchâtel Cheese. See Cheese. Neugebauer's Operation. See Ze Fort's Operation, under Operations, Table of Neumann, Corpuscles of. See Corpuscle. N.'s Dentinal Sheath, an elastic homogeneous mem- brane between Tomes’ fibers and the ivory of the dentinal canals, N.'s Hematoblasts. Same as M.'s Corpuscles. N.'s Membrane. Same as AW.’s Aezzfinal Sheath. N.'s Sheath. See AV. 's Dentina/ Sheath. . Neurad (nu/-rad) [veipov, a nerve; ad, to]. the neural aspect or axis. Neuradynamia (nu-rad-in-a/-me-ah). thenia. * Neuradynamic (nu-rad-in-am/-i}). See AVeurasthenic. Neuraemia (nu-re/-me-ah). See AVeuremia. Neuragmia (nu-rag/-me-ah) [veipov, nerve; āyuác, a breaking]. The bruising or tearing of a nerve-trunk above or below its ganglion for the purpose of study- ing the trophic changes that will follow. Also called the AVeuragmic Method. Neuragmic (nu-ragſ-mik) [veipov, a nerve ; #ygác, a breaking]. Pertaining to neuragmia. N. Method. See AVeuragmia. - Neural (mu/-rel) [veipov, nerve]. I. Pertaining to nerves. 2. Richard Owen’s term for that surface or aspect of the body which in progressive motion is car- ried upright and directed backward in man, and hom- ologous surfaces indicated by the position of the ner- vous and vascular centers, which surfaces are horizontal and carried respectively upward and downward in ver- tebrates below mankind, but are carried downward and upward respectively in the invertebrates. See Dorsal. N. Arch, the arch formed by the two neurapophyses, and forming the dorsal cover of each section of the spinal canal. N. Axis, the spinal cord. N. Canal, the dorsal tube of the embryo, formed by the union of the dorsal folds of the lateral tract above the line of the embryonic axis. N. Crest. See Crest. N. Foramen, the vertebral foramen. See Foramina, Table of. N. Furrow, a furrow of the blastoderm giving rise to a part of the nervous system in insects. It is an invagination occurring later than the gas- trula mouth, and exactly in the location from which the latter disappeared, but having no connection with it whatever. N. Groove, the same as the Me- dullary Groove, g. v. N. Lamina, the lateral portion of the neural arch of a vertebra. N. Metamere, a seg- ment of the vertebral column and spinal cord. N. Plate, the structure formed by the paired cerebral rudiments in the embryos of certain worms, arising as products of the ectoderm, sinking below the surface and becoming mesodermal. It is the same as Medul- lary Plate. N. Rows, two rows of cells that develop anteriorly from the neuroblasts, in the embryo of worms, and form the rudiments of the ventral cord. N. Tube, the closed medullary groove of the epiblast. Neuralgia (nu-ra/-je-ah) [veipov, nerve; iWyoç, pain]. A severe paroxysmal pain in the area of distribution of a nerve or along its course. Age, sex, heredity, and anemia are important predisposing causes. The true nature of neuralgia is obscure ; it is possible that in many cases the cause is an inflammatory or circulatory Toward See AVeuras- 865 NEURATROPHIA disturbance in the nerve-trunk. Among exciting causes cold and traumatism play an important rôle. Certain disease-poisons, as those of typhoid fever, variola, malaria, and metallic poisons, such as lead, arsenic, copper, mercury, in addition to alcohol and nicotin, are sometimes causative agents of neuralgia. Gout and diabetes also occasionally give rise to neu- ralgia. Finally, there is a class of so-called reflex. neuralgias met with in connection with uterine and ovarian disease and occurring in remote organs. Lesions of the central nervous system also give rise to attacks of neuralgic pain. According to their anatomic situation the following forms of neuralgia are de- scribed : trigeminal, tic douloureux or prosopalgia, the most frequent variety; cervico-occipital ; cervico-bra- chial and brachial; intercostal; sciatica or ischias; coccygodynia ; visceral neuralgias. N. cerebralis. A synonym of Hemicrania. N. dentalis. See Odon- talgia. N., False, nerve-pains due to mechanical compression of a nerve. N. mesenterica. A synonym of Enteralgia. N., Red. See Brythrome- Aalgia. Neuralgic (mu-ra/-již) [veipov, nerve; 3%)og, pain]. Pertaining to, or affected with, neuralgia. Neurameba (nu-ram-e'-bah) [veipov, nerve; āplot&#, change]. In biology, a nerve-cell regarded as an organism. Cf. Myameba, Osteameba. Neuramebimeter (nu-ram-eô-im/-et-er) [veipov, nerve; āplot&#, return; plátpov, measure]. The nerve-reply measurer; an instrument devised by Exner and used in psycho-physics to obtain the reaction-time of ner. vous impressions. Neuranagenesis (mu - ran - aft-en’ - es - is ) [veipov, nerve; avayevváelv, to renew]. Regeneration or renewal of nerve-tissue. - Neuranagennema (nze - ran - aſ - en’-em - ah) [veipov, nerve; avayévvmua, that which is renewed]. The re- generated part of a nerve. Neuranaphysis (nu - ran -af’- is - is ) [veipov, nerve; âvaſpielv, to grow again]. The renewal, or renewed growth of the nerve-elements. Neurapophysis (nue - rap-off’- is - is) [ veipov, nerve; &Tópvoºg, offshoot]. Either one of the two apophyses on each vertebra which blend and form the neural arch, or the dorsal wall of the spinal foramen. Neurasthenia (nu-ras-then-i/-a/) [ve-pop, nerve ; ãofféveta, weakness]. A group of symptoms resulting from debility or exhaustion of the nerve-centers. Among the more common symptoms are a lack of energy, undue readiness of fatigue, disinclination to activity, a sense of fulness or pressure at the top of the head; pain in the back, impaired memory, and disturbed sleep; gastro-intestinal symptoms, such as anorexia, constipation, fulness after eating, are com- mon ; and amenorrhea and dysmemorrhea in females, and spermatorrhea and impotence in the male, are frequent accompaniments. N., Cerebral, is marked by depression, inability to concentrate the mind, insomnia, irritability, headache, visual disturbances, etc. N. gastrica, feeble digestion of a purely . nervous origin. N., Spinal, commonly known as spina/ irritation, is characterized by pain in the back, tender points along the spine, weakness of the ex- tremities, great prostration on slight exertion, neuralgic pains, and other nervous manifestations. Neurasthenic (nu-ras-then’-ić) [veipov, nerve; dia?:- veta, weakness]. Relating to, or characterized by, neurasthenia. Neuration (nu-ra/-shun). Same as AWervation. Neuratrophia (nu-rat-ro/fe-ah)[veūpov, nerve; aſ popia, atrophy]. Atrophy, or impaired nutrition, of a nerve, Or nerveS. 55 - NEURAXIS Neuraxis (nu-raćs/-is) [veipov, nerve; axis, axis]. The neural axis; neuron. - Neure (mär) [veipov, nerve]. A nerve-cell including all its processes. Neurectasis, Neurectasy (nu-reſſ/-tas-is, mu-reſſ/- tas-e), ſveipov, nerve; Škragic, stretching]. Nerve- stretching. Neurectomy (nu-rek/-to-me) [veipov, nerve; #ktouff, excision]. The operation of excising part of a InerWe. Neurectopia (nu-reſº-to/-pe-ah) [vsipov, nerve; Śkrorog, out of place]. Displacement, or other abnormity of the distribution of a nerve. Neuremia (nu-re/-me-a/.) [veipov, nerve; alua, blood]. A purely functional nervous disorder. Neurempodism (mu-rem/-po-digm) [veipov, nerve; éutoduopióg, hindrance]. Interference with nervous aCtl On. Neurenteric º: -ić) [veipov, nerve; £vrepov, intestine]. I’ertaining to the embryonic neural canal and the intestinal tube. N. Canal, the temporary communication existing between the neural canal and the intestinal tube in Tunicates and Vertebrates. It was discovered by Kowalevsky in Ascidians and Am- phioxus, and is called also Kozvalevsky’s Canal. See Cana/. Neurepithelium (nu-rep-ith-e'-le-um). epithelium. Neuria (nu/-re-ah) [veipov, nerve]. a delicate layer of nerve-substance. Neuriasis (nu-ri/-as-is) [veipov, nerve]. hypochondriasis. Neuriatry (nu-ri./-at-re) [veipov, nerve; tarpeia, ther- apy]. The study and treatment of nervous diseases. Neuric (nu/-rik) [vewpov nerve]. Pertaining to a nerve Or to nerves. Neuricity (nu-ris/-īt-e) [Fr., neuricité, from veipov, nerve]. Nerve-force; nervous quality, or function. Neuridin (nu/-rid-in) [veūpov, a nerve], C.H.I.N. A ptomain, the first diamin isolated from animal tissues by Brieger in 1884. It is one of the most common products of putrefaction; it has been obtained from putrid human flesh, horseflesh, fish, gelatin and cheese. It can be obtained in the preparation of cholin by See AVezero- Nervous tissue; Hysteric heating fresh eggs with baryta, and by heating fresh brain with a two per cent. solution of hydrochloric acid. It is almost invariably associated with cholin in the process of putrefaction ; according to the dura- tion of putrefaction, the amount of cholin decreases, with a corresponding increase in the amount of tri- methylamin, while the amount of neuridin increases in quantity according to the nature of the decomposing organ. such as the intestines; tissues like those of the liver and spleen yield little. Neuridin is isomeric with cadaverin. The free base has an excessively repulsive seminal odor. It is soluble in water, but not in ether and alco- hol. Pure neuridin is not poisonous, but when mixed with the products of putrefaction, it has a toxic effect like peptotoxin. This holds true of other non-poison- ous bases. See Pºomains, Table of Neurilemma (nu-riſ-e/-ah) [veipov, nerve; Aéupta, bark]. The sheath encasing a nerve-fiber; the sheath of Schwann. See AVerve-ſtºr. Neurilemmatic (nu-ril-em-a/-ä) [veipov, nerve; Aéuun, bark]. Pertaining to the neurilemma. Neurilemmitis (nu-riſ-em-i/-tis) [veipov, nerve ; Aéppia, bark; tıç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the neuri- lemma. Neurility (nu-ri/-īt-e) {Fr. nevrilité, from veipov, nerve]. The stimulus or power possessed by a nerve- fiber to cause contraction of a muscle; neuricity. 866 The greatest yield is from gelatinous tissue, NEURITIS Neurilyma (nu-riki/-mah). Synonym of AVeurilemma, Neurin (nu/-rin) [veipov, nerve]. I. The albuminous basis forming the substance of nerve-tissue, 2, Cº- His NO ; a toxic body, one of the ptomains, the pro- duct of decomposition of protagon by caustic baryta. It is a syrupy fluid, with a strongly alkaline reaction, and is extremely soluble in water. See Pºomains, Table of 3. An extract of nerve-tissue employed therapeutically. See Organotherapy. Neuriorhabdium (nu-re-or-a/-de-um) [vewptov, nerve; bá36tov, rod; pl. Weuriorhabdia]. Any one of the rods of the rod-and-cone layer of the retina. Neurischias (nu-ris/-ke-as) [veipov, nerve; pain in the loins]. Neuralgia in the loins. Neurism (nu/-rizm) [veipov, nerve]. I. Nerve-force; neurility; neuricity. 2. Nervousness. Neuristos (nu-ris/-tos) [veipov, nerve; totóc tissue]. Nerve-tissue. Neuritic (nu-rit/-i}) [veipov nerve; truç, inflammation]. Pertaining to neuritis. Neuritides (nu-rit-i/-dez). Same as Neuroses. Neuritis (nu-ri/-tis) [veipov, nerve; trig, º: Inflammation of a nerve, especially of a nerve-trunk. The nerve-structure itself is said to be little subject to inflammation, which is usually confined to the cover- ings, and therefore the condition is more properly termed perimeuritis. N., Acute, an acute inflammation of a nerve. N., Adventitial, inflammation affecting especially the connective-tissue sheath of a nerve. N., Alcoholic. See AV., Multiple, and Polyneuritis pota- torum. N., Ascending, inflammation extending from the periphery of a nerve centrad to the spinal cord or brain. N., Carcinomatous, infiltration of a nerve with carcinomatous tissue. N., Chronic, a form pur- suing a protracted course, and with symptoms not actively manifested. N., Degenerative, neuritis in which the nerve-substance proper degenerates. It is the same as AV., Parenchymatous. N., Descend- ing, neuritis, the result of extension of disease from the spinal cord or the brain toward the periphery. N., Diabetic, a polyneuritis sometimes seen in diabetes, and probably the result of autointoxication with the products of faulty metabolism. N., Eichhorst's. See AV fascians. N., Endemic. A synonym of Beri-beri. N. fascians, that form of neuritis in which the change in the nerve-sheath appears to extend directly to the interstitial tissue of the muscles. It is also called Eich/horst's Meuritis. N., Interstitial, in- flammation of the interstitial connective tissue of a nerve-trunk. N., Leprous, a neuritis or perineuritis due to the Bacillus leprae or a toxin produced by it. N., Lipomatous, that form in which the nerve-fibers are completely destroyed and replaced by a fibrous con- nective tissue in which much fat is sometimes depos- ited. It is also called Leyden's AVeuritis. N., Malarial, neuritis, sometimes multiple due to the mala- rial poison. N., Migrant, Migratory or Wandering, one that changes its position from place to place. N., Multiple, the simultaneous inflammation of several nerve-trunks, usually symmetrically situated on both sides of the body. Its most common cause is alcoholic poisoning ; it may be due to arsenic, malaria, mercury, lead; to diphtheria, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and other infectious diseases. Beri-beri is a form of mul- tiple neuritis. N., Optic, inflammation of the optic nerve. See Papilliſis. N., Parenchymatous, a form in which the medullary substance and the axis- cylinders are chiefly involved, the interstitial tissue. being but little altered or only affected secondarily. It is also called degenerative neuritis. N., Per- ipheral, a form confined to the terminal filaments of nerves. N., Pressure, inflammation of a nerve as a to Aſtág, NEURO- result of compression. N., Pressure, Musculo- spiral, inflammation of the musculo-spiral nerve from pressure usually by the head on the arm rested upon a sharp edge during alcoholic intoxication. N., Rheu- matic, that due to rheumatism. N., Terminal. See Frythromelalgia. N., Wandering. See M., Migrant. Neuro- (nu/-ro-) [veipov, nerve]. A prefix signifying connection with or relation to a nerve. Neuro-anatomy (nu-ro-an-at-o-me) [veipov, nerve; ăvá, apart; Téguetv, to cut]. The anatomy of the nervous system. Neuroasthenia (nu-ro-as-the-ne-ah). nasthenia. n Neuroasthenic (nu-ro-as-then/-ić). rasthenic. Neuroblacia (nu-ro-bla-se/-ah) [veipov, nerve; BWaketa, dulness; 8%;, dull]. Paresis; obtundity of ner- vous sensibility. Neuroblast (nu/-ro-blast) [veipov, nerve; 3Waotóg, germ]. Any segmentation-sphere whose division gives origin to cells that belong to the nervous system exclusively; a mesodermal nerve-cell or ganglion-cell. Neurocanal (nu-ro-han-a/) [veipov, nerve; canalis, canal]. The central canal of the spinal axis. Neurocardiac (nu-ro-kar’-de-ak) [veipov, nerve; kapóia, Same as AWeze- Same as AWeu- heart]. Pertaining to the nervous system and the heart. N.-c. Disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic Gozter. Neurocele (muſ-ro-sel) [veipov, nerve; kotata, hollow]. The system of cavities and ventricles in the cerebro- spinal axis. Neurocentral (nu-ro-sem/-tral) [veipov, nerve; kévrpov, center]. Relating to the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra. Neurochondrous (nu-ro-Aom/-drus) [veipov, cord; 26v- ôpoç, cartilage]. Fibro-cartilaginous. Neurochord (nu/-ro-kord) [veipov, nerve; xopóff, chord or string]. The nerve-chord. N. Strands, or Giant Nerve-tubes, tubes with a wide lumen and wall formed of neurilemma, which run back in varying but always small numbers on the dorsal side of the ventral chord of the Annulata and Thoracostraca. Neurocrane (nu/-ro-Arān) [veipov, nerve; Kpaviov, skull]. The brain-case, or cranial portion of the head. • Neurocranial (nu-ro-Ara/-ne-al) [veipov, nerve; Kpa- viov, skull]. Pertaining to the neurocrane. Neurocyte (muſ-ro-sit) [veipov, nerve; Kirog, cell]. A nerve-cell; the essential element of nervous structures. Neurodealgia (nu-ro-de-a/-je-ah) [vewpóómg, nerve-like; the retina; &Ayoc, pain]. Retinal pain. Neurodeatrophia (nu-ro-de-at-ro’sſe-ah) [vevpáóng, retina; itpop'a, atrophy]. Atrophy of the retina. Neurodermatosis (nu-ro-der-mat-o’-sis) [veipov, nerve; 6épua, skin; v6oog, disease]. A neurotic skin-affection. Neurodermatrophia (nu-ro-der-mat-roºfe-ah) [veipov, nerve; 6&pua, skin; &tpopia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the skin from nervous disturbance. Neurodes (nu-ro’-dez) [veupéðmg, nerve-like]. retina, as being made up of nerve-elements, Neurodiastasis (nu-ro-di-as/-fas-is) [veipov, nerve; ôtáoragic, separation]. Separation of nerves; neurec- tasis. Neurodictyitis (nu-ro-dié-te-i/-ſis). Synonym of Neuro- refinitis. Neurodynamia (nu-ro-di-nam/-e-ah) [veipov, nerve; Öivaug, strength]. Nervous strength or energy. Neurodynamic (nu-ro-di-nam/-īk) [veipov, nerve; ðūvaulc, strength]. Pertaining to the power of a nerve-current or of the nervous forces of the system. Neurodynia (nu-ro-din'-e-ah) [veipov, nerve; botv7, pain]. See Meuralgia. The 867 NEURO-KERATIN Neurodysentery (nu-ro-dis/-en-ſer-e) [vsipov, nerve; ôvoevrepta, dysentery]. Dysentery with typhoid symptoms. Neuro-enteric (nu-ro-cm-ter/-ić). Same as Meur- enteric. Neuro-epiblastic (nu-ro-ep-ib-las/-tić) [veipov, nerve ; #Tri, upon; 3%aoróg, germ]. Pertaining to the neural epiblast, i. e., that which enters into the formation of the nervous system. Neuro-epithelial (nu-ro-ep-ith-e'-le-al) [veipov, nerve : &rt, upon; 6%m, nipple]. Pertaining to or of the nature of neuro-epithelium. Neuro-epithelium (nu - ro - ep-ith - eſ-le-um) [veipov, nerve; #Ti, upon; 6%2m, nipple]. The retinal layer of rods and cones. In a wider sense, that part of any epithelial structure that contains nerve-endings is called by this name. See Epithelium. Neurofibroma (nu - ro-ſi- bro/- ma/, ) [veipov, nerve : ſióra, fiber; āua, tumor]. A tumor of the connective tissue of a nerve, composed of fibrous tissue. Neurofrontal (nu-ro frum/-tal) [veipov, nerve; frons, frontis, the forehead]. Pertaining to the brain and the frontal bone. Neurogamia (nu-ro-ga/-me-ah) [veipov, nerve; Yápoc, marriage]. The alleged condition of rapport between the animal magnetizer and the mesmerized person, or between the hypnotizer and the hypnotized. Neurogangleitis (nu-ro-gang-le-i/-tis) [veipov, nerve; yáyyżtov, tumor; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion of the nervous system. Neurogenesis (nu-ro-jen’-es-is) [veipov, nerve; yévêqug, genesis]. The formation of nerves. Neuroglia (nu-rog/-le-ah) [veipov, nerve; Yºta, glue]. The retic ul at ed framework or skele- ton-work of the sub- stance of the brain and spinal cord. The term is sometimes abbrevi- ated to G/ia. Neurogliac, Neurog- liar (nu-rog’-le-ak, nne- rog' - le - ar) [veipov, nerve : { e; y^{a, glue]. ISOLATED NEUROGLIA-CELL OF Pertaining to or resem- SPINAL CORD OF OX. bling neuroglia. 71. Nucleus. c. Granular proto- Neuroglioma (mu - ro- plasm. J. Fibers of neuroglia. glū-o’- mah) [veipov, “S”8.) nerve; Yºſa, glue; bud, tumor ; //, Aſeurogliomaſa]. A tumor composed essentially of neurogliar elements; glioma. N., Ganglionar, a tumor developing in the central nervous system and consisting of hyperplastic neuroglia, ganglion-cells, and nerve-fibers. Neurography (nu-rog’-raiſe) [veipov, nerve; ) pājety, to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the nerves. Neuro-humeral (nu-ro-hu’-mer-a/) [vsipov, nerve; ſhumor, moisture]. Pertaining to the nervous system and to the fluids of the body. N.-h. Theory. See Duckworth’s Theory. Neurohypnologist (nu-ro-hip-mo/-o jisſ) [I'sipov, nerve; it voc, sleep; 7.6).og, science]. One skilled in neurohypnology. Neurohypnology (mu-ro-hiſ-mo/-o-je) [vsipov, nerve; iTuoc, sleep; Wöyoc, science]. The science or study - of hypnotism. Neurohypnotism (mu-ro-hip’-not-ism). Aypnotism. Neuroid (mu/-roid)[veipov, nerve; sióoc, like]. Resem bling a nerve or nerve-substance. Neuro-keratin (me-ro-ker’-of-in) [veipov, nerve; kápac, horn]. The form of keratin found in nerve-sheaths and the white substance of Schwann. See Aºra/İzz. Synonym of NEUROKINESIS Neurokinesis (nu-ro-Ain-e'-sis). stretching. Neurolemma (mu-ro-lem/-ah). Synonym of Retina. Neurolemmatitis (mu-ro-ſemi-at-i/-tis). A synonym of A synonym of AVerve- A’efinzºs. Neurologist (nu-ro/-o jist) [veipov, nerve; %yoç, science]. One versed in neurology. Neurology (mu - ro/-o-je), [veipov, nerve; %yoc, science]. The anatomy, physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Neurolymph (nze/-ro-limſ) [veipov, nerve; Wigſha, lymph]. The cerebro-spinal fluid. Neurolysis (mu-ro/-is-is) [veipov, nerve; Wºolg a loos- ing]. I. Relaxation of a nerve. 2. A change in the relation of nerves following the operation of nerve- stretching. Neurolytic (nu-ro-lit'-i}) [veipov, nerve; Wüoug, a loos- ing]. Pertaining to neurolysis. Neuroma (nu-ro'-ma/) [veipov, nerve; Śua, tumor: p!., AWeuromata]. A tumor of or on a nerve. Most neuromata are really fibromata. N., Amputation, the neuroma of a stump, forming at the end of a divided nerve. N., Amyelinic, a neuroma made up of non- medullated nerve-fibers. N., Cellular. See AV., Gang- Zionic. N. cutis, a tumor of the skin, resembling a myoma, and consisting mainly of firm connective tissue, originating from the neurilemma. It is pathologically considered as a fibro-neuro-myoma. N., Diffuse, a condition characterized by the existence of multiple neuromatous tumors. N., False, a fibromatous tumor forming on a nerve. N., Ganglionic, N., Gangli- onated, a neuroma made up of nerve-cells. N., Gliomatous. Synonym of Meuroglioma. N., Medul- lated, one made up of medullated nerve-fibers. N., Myelinic. Synonym of AV., Medullated. N., Myxo- matous, a tumor composed of nervous and myxoma- tous tissues. N., Peripheral, N., Peripheric, one formed near the peripheral termination of a nerve. N., Plexiform, the development of multiple fibromatous tumors along the course of one or more nerves. There is in these cases, however, some hyperplasia of the nerve-fibers, constituting a true neuroma. Neuromalacia, Neuromalaxis (nu-ro-mal-a/-se-ah, mu-ro-ma/-a/s/-īs) [veipov, nerve; plažakia, a soften- ing]. A softening of nerve-tissue. Neuromast (nu/-ro-mast) [veipov, nerve; plaqróg, a hillock]. In biology, R. Ramsay Wright's term for the “nerve-hillock” and other sense-organs of the same character, whatever their shape ; any neuro-epi- thelial sense-organ. This name is seldom given to the sense-organs of man, or of the higher vertebrate animals. Neuromation (mu-ro-ma/-fe-on) [veipov, nerve : <a, tumor; dim, of neuroma]. A small neuromatous tumor. Neuromatoid (nu-ro/-mat-oid) [veipov, nerve : tumor; eiðoç, like]. Resembling a neuroma. Neuromatosis (nº-ro-maſ-o/-sis) [veipov, nerve ; 6/10, tumor; váoog, disease]. A morbid tendency to the formation of neuromata. Neuromatous (nu-ro/-mat-us) [veipov, nerve; 6/10, tumor]. Of the nature of a neuroma. Neuromeninx (nºt-ro-men/-in/s) [vewpov, nerve : privyš, a membrane]. A nervous expansion, such as the retina. Neuromere (nu/-ro-mer) [veipov, nerve; ſuépoc, part]. A natural segment of the neuron. Neuromerism (nu-rom/-er-ism) [veipov, nerve; Alèpoc, a part]. In biology, neural segmentation, Neurometabolic (me-ro-met-ab-o/-ić) [veipon', nerve; peraflo2/kóc, changeable, metabolic]. Relating to metabolic changes in the nervous system. ôua, t 868 NEUROPATHY Neurometadrasis (nu-ro-met-ad-ra/-sis) [v e i pov, nerve; uéra, with ; 6pāog, efficacy]. The influence of one person, or will, over another, as seen in hypnotism. Neurometastasis (nu-ro-met-as/-tas-is) [veipov, nerve; pietàoTaoig, metastasis]. Metastasis to the nervous system. Neuromimesis (nu-ro-mi-me/-sis) [veipov, nerve; pitumouc, imitation]. Paget’s term for hysteric mimicry of organic disease. Neuromuscular (nut-ro-mus/-/-u-lar) [veipov, nerve; musculus, a muscle]. Pertaining conjointly to nerves and muscles. Neuromyalgia (nu-ro-mi-al/je-a/) [veipov, nerve; pig, muscle; &Wyog, pain]. Neuralgia of a muscle; an association of myalgia and neuralgia. Neuromyelitis (nu-ro-mi-el-i/-tis) [veipov, nerve; plve?.6g, marrow ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of myelonic substance, or of the medulla spinalis. Neuromyeloid (mu-ro-mi/-el-oid)[veipov, nerve; uve?óg, marrow; eiðog, like]. Resembling nervous or mye- lonic substance. Neuromyelous (nu-ro-mi/-el-us)[veipov, nerve; plve?óg, marrow]. Pertaining to or of the nature of nervous or myelonic substance. Neuromyopathic (nu-ro-mi-o-path/-īk) [veipov, nerve; pig, muscle; Táffog, disease]. Relating to disease of both muscles and nerves. ; Neuromyopathy (nu-ro-mi-op/-ath-e) [veipov, nerve; plüç, muscle; Tāffog, disease]. A neuralgic disease of a muscle. Neuromyxoma (nu-ro-miks-o/-mah). AWezeroma, Myxomatous. Neuron (mu'-ron) [veūpov, nerve: pl. , Neura]. In biology; (a) the cerebrospinal cord taken as a whole; (b) a vein or costa of an insect’s wing; (c) same as AWeure. Neuronasal (mu-ro-ma/-zal) [veipov, nerve; masis, nose]. Relating to the brain and the nasal bone. Neuroneoplasm (nu-ro-me/-o-plazm) [veipov, nerve : véog, new ; Tââooeuv, to mold]. A neoplasm made up of or containing nerve-elements; a neuroma. Neuronosus (mu-ron/-o-sus) [veipov, nerve; v6oog, disease]. Synonym of AVeurosis. N. of the Skin, neurotic skin-disease. Neuronyctic (mat-ro-mik/-tić) [veipov, nerve; viyua, a prick, from vigoeuv, to prick]. Pertaining to Aſeu- Tonyxºs. Neuronygmus (mu-ro-nig’-mus)[véipov, nerve ; wwypióg, a puncture]. A punctured wound of a nerve. Neuronymic (nu-ro-nim/-īk) [veipov, nerve; 6vvua, name]. Pertaining to neurologic nomenclature, Neuronyxis (nu-ro-miks/-īs) [veipov, nerve; viiooeuv, to prick]. The puncturing of nerves. Neuroparalysis (nu-ro-far-a/-is-is) [veipov, nerve; Tapážvoic, paralysis]. Paralysis due to disease of a nerve. Neuroparietal (nu-ro-far-i/-et-al) [veipov, nerve; paries, wall]. Relating to the brain and the parietal bones. Neuropath (mu/-ro- path) [veipop, nerve; Táffog, dis- ease]. One who ascribes a nervous origin to disease. Neuropathic (nu-ro-path/-ä) [veipov, nerve; tráffog, disease]. Pertaining to nervous diseases. N. Eschar, a bedsore following disease of the spinal cord. Neuropathologist (me-ro-path-o/-o-jīs/)[veipov, nerve; Táffog, disease; 26 yog, science]. One versed in neu- ropathology. Neuropathology (mu-ro-path-o/-0-ſe) [veipov, nerve; Tá00g, disease; Wóyog, science]. The pathology of . diseases of the nervous system. Neuropathy, Neuropathia (nu-rop/-ath-e, nu-ro-pa/- the-ah) [veipov, nerve; Tábog, disease]. Any nervous disease. Synonym of NEUROPHLOGOSIS Neurophlogosis (nu - ro-ſo-go/-sis). Synonym of Meuritis. - Neurophonia (nu-ro-ſo'-ne-ah) [veipov, nerve; pová, ...: A rare choreic disease of the larynx and muscles of expiration characterized by the utterance of sharp spasmodic cries resembling the barking of a dog. Neurophthalmia (nu-roff-ſha/-me-a/) [veipov, nerve; ô66a)/16¢, the eye). Nervous ophthalmia. Neurophthisic (nu-rof-thiz/-i}) [veipov, nerve; 46touc, wasting]. Pertaining to Meurophthisis. Neurophthisis (nu-roff’-this-is) [veipov, nerve; £6iotç, wasting]. Wasting of the nerves or nervous tissue. Neuro-physiology (nu-roºftz-e-o/-o-je) [veūpov, nerve; pūowg, nature; Wóyog, science]. The physiology of the nervous system. Neuroplasia (nu-ro-pla/-ze-ah) [veipov, nerve; Tāāooetv, to mold]. The tendency to the formation of neuro- Inata. Neuroplasm (nu/-ro-plazm) [veipov, nerve; tràáogetv, to mold]. That form of bioplasm exhibited in living brain-tissue. Neuroplasma of Küpffer (nu-ro-plaz/-mah) [veipov, nerve; tràáopia, a figure formed or molded]. In biology, a fluid lying between the fibrils of the axis- cylinders of medullated nerve-fibers. Neuroplastin (nu-ro-plas/-tin) [veipov, nerve; TAáogetv, to mold.]. A variety of plastin found in the brain and in nerve-tissue. Neuroplasty (nu/-ro-plas-fe) [veipov, nerve; tāāooetw, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the nerves. Neuroploca (nu-rop/-lo-kah) [veipov, nerve; Tāokh, a twisting]. A ganglion of the nervous system. Neuroploconarcosis (nu-ro-plo-ko-mar-ko’-sis) [veipov, nerve; tāokſ, a twining ; vapkootg, a benumbing]. Insensibility of a ganglion of the nervous system. Neuropodium (nu-ro-po'-de-um) [veipov, a nerve; tróvg, foot; pl., AWeuropodia]. In biology, one of the ventral foot-stumps of a worm. Neuropore (nu/-ro-por) [veipov, nerve; Tôpoſ, pore]. In biology, a pore between the neural canal and the exterior in certain embryos. Neuro-prosopalgia (nºt-ro-Aros-o-pa/-je-ah). Synonym of Prosopalgia. - Neuro-psychology (nu-ro-si-koº-o-je) [veipov, nerve; bvyā, mind; Wóyog, science]. A system of psychology based upon neurology. . - Neuro-psychopathy (nu - ro -si- Kopſ-ath - e) [veipov, nerve; ºbvrž, mind; Tāffog, disease]. A mental dis- ease based upon, or manifesting itself in, nervous disorders or symptoms. Neuro-psychosis (nu-ro-si-Ao’-sis) [veipov, nerve; bvić, mind; v6oog, disease]. Any psychosis or mental disorder complicated with a nerve-disease; a nerve- disease manifesting itself in association with some mental disorder ; an association of a neurosis and a psychosis. Neuro-purpuric(nu-ro-pur-pu'-rić)[veipov, nerve; pur- pura, purple]. Pertaining to purpura developed in association with disease of the nervous system. N. Fever. Synonym of Cerebro-spinal Fever. Neuropyra (nu-ro-pi/-rah) [veipov, nerve; Tip, fire]. Nervous fever. Neuropyretic (nu-ro-pi-ret/-īk) [veipov, nerve; Tip, fever]. Pertaining to AWeuro/yra. Neuro-retinitis (nu-ro-ret-in-i/-tis) [veipov, nerve; retina, retina; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of both the optic nerve and the retina. Neurorrhaphy (nze-ror'-aſ-e) [veipov, nerve; baph, suture]. The operation of uniting a divided nerve by sutures. Neurorrheuma (nu - ror - ru/- mah) [veipov, nerve; beipia, flow]. Nervous force. 869 NEUROTIC Neurosal (mu-ro/-za!) [veipov, nerve]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a neurosis. Neuro-scirrhus (nu-ro-skir/-us). 7.0%62. Neuro-sclerosis (nu - ro-skle - roſ-sis) [veipov, nerve; ok%mpóg, hard]. Sclerosis of nervous tissue. Neurose (mu/-roz) Eveipov, nerve]. In biology, nerved. Neurosis (nu-ro/-sis) [veipov, nerve; 1600c, disease]. An abnormal nervous action or an affection of the nerves or nerve-centers of a functional nature. In biology, one of two sets of successive changes incident to all intellectual operations; a change in the physical basis of consciousness. (Huxley.) Cf. Psychosis. N., Acro-, a neurosis of an extremity. N., Cutaneous, a term used to express abnormal functional condi- tions of the cutaneous nerves. N., Occupation, See AV., Professional. N., Professional, one of a class of spasmodic and coördinative disturbances, mainly of ... functional origin, affecting groups of muscles used in the performance of special movements. N., Psycho-. See Psychomeurosis. N., Reflex, a func- tional nervous disease whose origin resides in some irritation or part distant from that in which the affection is manifested. Such a neurosis may be suc- ceeded by the development of organic lesions. N., Spasmodic. Maudsley’s term for Æpilepsy. N., Thyro-exophthalmic. A synonym of Grazes' Disease. N., Vascular, a neurosis of the blood-vessels or of their nerves. N., Vasomotor, a neuropathy of the vasomotor nerves. Neurosism (mu'-ro-sizm). Same as Meurasthenia. Neurosity (mu-rosſ-it-e). A synonym of AVeuricity. Neuro-skeletal (mu-ro-ske/-et-a/)[veipov, nerve; ake?e- tów, skeleton]. Pertaining to the neuro-skeleton. Neuro-skeleton (nu - ro-skel/-et- on) [veipov, nerve; oke?eróv, skeleton]. Carus's term for the vertebrate endo-skeleton, or true skeleton; so called from being made up of parts that correspond with and largely serve to protect portions of the central nervous sys- tem. Neurospasmos (mu-ro-spag/-mos) [reipov, nerve; a ſtadpºdc, spasm]. Nervous spasm or twitching. Neurospongium (nu-ro-spun’sſe-um) [veipov, nerve; oſtoyytov, dim. of artóYYog, sponge]. In biology, a granular matrix in the periopticon of insects’ eyes. Neuro-stearic (nze-ro-ste-ar/-ä) [veipov, nerve; a réap, fat]. Pertaining to nervous tissue and fat. N.-s. Acid, an acid isomeric with stearic acid, occurring in the brain. N.-s. Ether, a substance formed by treating phrenosin, an element of brain-tissue, with Sulphuric acid and alcohol. Neurosthenia (nze-ro-st/le'-ne-ah) [ veipov, nerve ; offévog, power], Great nervous power, or abnormal excitation of the nervous centers. Neurostremma (nu-ro-strem/-ah) [vsipov, nerve; otpéutta, a twist, or knot : p!., Aſeurostremmata]. A nerve-ganglion. Neurotabes (nu-ro-ta/-bê2) [veipov, nerve; tabes, wast- ing]. A complex of symptoms, resembling those of posterior sclerosis, but due to multiple neuritis. N., Peripheric Multiple, peripheral neuritis simulating tabes dorsalis. Neurothele (nu-ro-ſhe’-le) [vsipov, nerve; 6/27), nip- ple]. A nervous papilla. Neurothelic (nze-ro-the-lić) [vsipov, nerve; thiſ?), nip- ple]. Pertaining to a neurothele ; applied to the skin considered as the organ of tactile sense. Neurotherapy (nu-ro-ther'-ap-e) [vsipov, nerve; (spa- Teia, treatment]. The treatment of nervous diseases. Neurothlipsis (nu-ro-thlip’-sis) [veipov, nerve; 62.Ésty, to press]. Pressure on a nerve. Neurotic (nu-rot/-ić) [vsipov, nerve]. Synonym of Meze- Pertaining to NEUROTOME the nerves; nervous; also, pertaining to neuroses. In therapeutics, neurotics are such drugs as have a special influence upon the nervous centers and functions. N. Albuminuria, albuminuria due to nervous dis- turbance. N. Atrophy, atrophy dependent upon changes in some part of the nervous system. N. Dys- pepsia. See Dyspepsia. N. Fever, fever following traumatism of the central nervous system. N. Hyper- trophy, hypertrophy resulting from excessive nutrition or other trophic abnormality. Neurotome (muſ-ro-tom) [vewpov, nerve; topiń, a cut- ting]. A small knife for the division of a nerve, especially subcutaneously. Neurotomy (nu-rotº-o-ºne) [veipov, nerve; Téuvetv, to cut]. The division of a nerve. Neuro-toxicology(mu-ro-ºoks-ić-o/-oje)[veipov, nerve; Tošuków, poison; Aóyog, science]. The toxicology of the nerves; the science of the nervous disorders of toxic origin. - Neurotripsy (mu/-ro-trip-se) [veipov, nerve; Tpí6ew, to rub]. The crushing of a nerve. Neurotroma (nu-ro-tro'-mah) [veipov, nerve; Tpāua, wound]. The wound of a nerve. Neurotrophic (nu-ro-tro/-ſik) [veipov, nerve; tooj%, nourishment]. Depending on or attained through the trophic influence exercised by the nerves. Neurotrophy (nu-rotº-ro-ſe) [veipov, nerve; Tpopff, nourishment]. The nourishment of a nerve. Neurotrosis, Neurotrosmus (nu-ro/-ro-sis, nu-ro- froz/-mus) [veipov, nerve; Tpógig, a wounding]. The wounding of a nerve. Neuro-varicosis (mu-ro-var-ik-o'-sis) [veipov, nerve; varix, varix]. A varicosity on a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. Neurymen (nu-ri/-men). Synonym of Weurilemma. Neurymenitis (nu-ri-men-i/-täs). Synonym of Meu- 77/ememzałłłºs. Neurypnology (mu - rip-mo/-o -je). zzology. Neuter (nu/-ter) [L.]. Sexually not properly developed; an organism of neither sex, Neutral (nu/-tra/) [neuter, neither]. Neither alkaline nor acid; bland and soothing; having no active effect upon a tissue. N. Blue. See Pigments, Con- spectus of N. Mixture, liquor potassii citratis. See Aotassium. N. Oils. See Zubricating Oils. N. Red. See Zo/uylene-red, and Pigments, Conspectus of. N. Violet. See Pigments, Conspectus of Neutraline (mu/-tral-in) [neuter, neither]. A com- mercial or proprietary name given to a brand of Petro/- atztyn, 7.7). Neutralization (mu-tra/-īz-a/-shum) [neuter, neither]. That process or operation that precisely counter- balances or cancels the action of an agent. In medi- cine, the process of checking the operation of any agent that produces a morbid effect. In chemistry, a change of reaction to that which is neither alkaline nor acid. Neutralize (muſ-tra/-īz) [neufer, neither]. neutral ; to render inert. Neutrophile (mu'-tro-fi/)[neuter, neither; ºthog, loving]. Stained readily by neutral dyes; applied to certain bacteria and tissue-elements, especially leukocytes. N. Leukocytes, small colorless cells in normal human blood, containing several much-contorted nuclei that are readily stained. The protoplasm of these cells usually contains granules colorable by neutral stains, hence their name. See Zezeżocyte. Neuwied–green. Same as Schweinfurth-green. Nevoid (me/-void) [navus, birth-mark; elóog, like]. Resembling a nevus. N. Elephantiasis. See Zymp/- Scyrotza/2. See AVeurohyp- To render P. 870 NEWTON'S COLOR-RINGS Nevose (ne/-vöz) [mavus, a birth-mark]. having nevi. - Nevus, Naevus (neº-vus) [L.; plural Mevlj. A mark or blemish due to the dilatation of the blood-vessels near the surface of the skin or within its texture. N. araneus. See Acne rosacea. N., Capillary, one that involves the capillaries of the skin. N. cerasus, a slightly elevated vascular nevus resembling somewhat the appearance of a cherry. N., Cutaneous, a nevus of the skin. N. flammeus. See AV maternus. N. frag- arius, the strawberry mark. N. lipomatodes, a large mole, soft and lax, containing a quantity of fat and loose connective tissue. N. lupus. See Angioma serpig- inosum. N. maternus, Mother’s mark, the patch of congenital discoloration of the skin due to a dilated condition of the capillaries. If this is diffuse, very slightly, if at all, raised, red, or purplish-red, and on some part of the face, often involving the whole of one side, it is called AV flammeus, or “port-wine mark.” This is a relatively common condition. N. morus, the mulberry nevus; a vascular nevus some- what elevated and with an irregular surface. N. nati- vus, birth-mark. N. neuroticus, a minor degree of Achthyosis hystrix. N. papillaris, a minor degree of Ichthyosis hystrix. N. papillomatosus, a mole covered with soft, papillary growths. N. pigmento- sus, pigmentary mole, mavus verrucosus, navus sigilum ; naevus piloszes, navus spilus, a circum- scribed, congenital pigmentary deposit in the skin, varying in color from a light-fawn to a blackish tint, and often associated with hypertrophy of the hairs as to number, size, and color-elements. It varies in size from a pinhead discoloration to bean-sized or larger flattened and warty elevations, or it may reach the size of a cocoanut or fetal head. N. pilaris, N. pilosus. See M. pigmentosus. N. planus, a non-elevated pig- mentary nevus. N. sanguineus. See AV vascularis. N. sigilum. Synonym of AV. pigmentosus, N., Spider. Synonym of M. araneus. N. spilus. See AV, pigmentosus. N. tuberculosus. Synonym of AV. verrucosus. N., Varicose. See AV., Venous. N. vascularis, AV. Zasculosus, AV, sanguinents : a congenital overgrowth of cutaneous vascular tissue forming the so-called nevi. These may be capillary or cutaneous, and venous or subcutaneous. The former vary in size from a mere point up to large areas, standing on a level with the skin or raised more or less above it, of a bright-red color or of a more or less purplish hue. The venous nevus is gen- erally more raised than the capillary; it is convex, smooth, or lobulated, and of a dark-purple color, compressible, but rapidly filling after the compression has been removed. N. vasculosus. See AV. vas- cularis. N. verrucosus. See AV, pigmentosus. N., Venous, a raised, convex, and sometimes lobulated form, consisting of thin-walled veins and sinuses bound together by connective tissue. New (mu) [ME., newe, new]. Not old ; freshly pro- duced ; recent. N. Blue. Same as Frezzch Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of N.-born, a designation applied to the child for a short period after birth. N. Coccin. See Pigments, Conspectus of N. Fast Violet. Same as Gallocyanin. N.-formation. See AVeoplasm. N. Jersey Tea. See Ceanothus. N. Red. Same as Fuchsize. N. Victoria Green. Same as Arilliant Green. N. White. See Pigments, Con- spectus of N. Yellow. Same as Fazaurin. N. Zealand Flax. See A/a.r. Newman’s Treatment. See 7×eatment, Methods of Newton's Color-rings. The colorings produced when a cover-glass is pressed upon the slide. They are the result of chromatic aberration. N.'s Disc, a circular Freckled; \ NGAI CAMPHOR card colored in triangular areas with the colors of the spectrum. On being rapidly revolved it appears white. N.'s Law. See Lazv. N.'s Metal, a term for Æis- muth. N.'s Theory, the Emission theory of light. See Alight. Ngai Camphor. A camphor, Clo HisO, derived from Blumea balsamiſera, a tree of S. E. Asia. Niata (mi-a/-tah) [deriv. obscure]. A breed of small “bull-dog” oxen, produced by a sudden variation, in South America, between the sixteenth and eigh- teenth centuries. Niatism (ni/-at-izm) [niata, a breed of bull-dog “oxen”]. In biology, a form of sudden variation characterized by dwarfing, at times occurring among animals. Nibble (mió/-/) [LG., nibbeln, to nibble]. to eat in small bits. - Nickel (mik/-el) [G., nickel, nickel]. Ni = 58; quan- tivalence II, IV. A metal of silver-white luster, resem- bling iron in physical properties. In 1889 it was asserted by Krauss, of Munich, to be a compound body. It is much used for plating metallic surgical appliances. See Elements, Table of. N. Bromid, recommended for epilepsy. Dose gr. v-x. N. Chlo- rid, a tonic in anemia. N. Sulphate, has been used as a nerve-tonic in tabes dorsalis. Dose gr. iij-v. All unof. Nicking (mik/-ing) [origin obscure]. The incising of a horse's tail near the root, to cause it to be carried higher. Nickles’ Test. See Tests, Table of Nicol (mik/-el) [after William Micol, of Edinburgh]. An abbreviation for Nicol's prism. Nicol's Prism (nik-el) [after William Mico/, of Edin- burgh]. A polished prism of Iceland spar, cut diag- onally across the principal axis, the sections being joined together by means of Canada balsam. It has the property of reflecting the ordinary ray of light out of the field, while the so-called polarized ray is trans- mitted. See Prism. - Nicomorrhuin (miá-o-mor/-it-in), CooHosNº. One of the alkaloids of cod-liver oil. See Morrhuolins. Nicotia (nić-o/-she-ah). Synonym of Avicotin. Nicotian (nik-o'-she-an) [after Jean AWicot]. bacco. 2. One who uses tobacco. or derived from, tobacco. Nicotiana (nié-o-she-a/-mah). See Tabacum. Nicotianic Acid (nik-o-she-an/-ić). Synonym of Mico- timic Acid. Nicotianin (mik-o'-she-an-in) [after Jean AVăcot, a French ambassador to Portugal]. The solid volatile princi- ple to which tobacco owes its flavor. Nicotic Acid (mik-off’-ić). Same as Malonic Acid. Nicotin (mik/-o-tin) [after Jean AWicot, a French Am- bassador to Portugal], Cio HiiN. A poisonous alka- loid found in the leaves of the tobacco-plant; it may be obtained by distilling the residue from the aqueous extract with lime. It is an oil, readily soluble in water and alcohol. Its odor is very penetrating. It becomes brown on exposure to the air; its specific gravity at I5° C. is I.OII ; it boils at 241° C. Nicotinic Acid (nik-o-tin'-ić) [after Jean Micot], CsPIs- NO,. An oxidation-product of nicotin, Nicotinism (nik/-o-tin-izm) [after Jean Nicot]. The constitutional effects of the continued or excessive use of tobacco. Nicotism (nić/-o-tizm). Synonym of AVăcotinism. Nictating (nik-ta/-ting) [nictare, to wink]. Winking. Nictation §. -shun). Same as AVictitation. Nictitating (nik/-dit-a-ting) [mictitare, to wink]. Winking. N. Membrane. See Membrane. N. Spasm, blepharospasm. To gnaw ; I. To- 3. Pertaining to, 871 - Niemeyer’s Pill. |NIGHT Nictitation (nić-tit-a/-shun)[mictitare, to wink]. Ab- normal frequency of winking. Nidamentum (mid-am-em/-tum) [midus, nest]. The decidua; also any covering of the developing ovum; an egg-case. Nidation (mi-da/-shum) [midus, nest]. The develop- ment of an endometrial epithelium in an inter-menstrual period. Nidulant (i. -u-lant) [midulari, to build a nest]. In biology, lying loose in a nest-like receptacle or pulp, like the seeds or sporangia of certain plants. Nidularium (nia-u-la/-re-um) [dim. of nidus, nest]. The mycelium of fungi. Nidus (ni/-dus) [L., nest]. I. A central point or focus of infection; a place in which an organism finds con- ditions suitable for growth and development. 2. A collection of ganglion-cells at the deep origin of a cranial nerve; a nucleus. N. hirundinis, a deep fossa in the cerebellum situated between the velum medullare posterius in front, and the nodulus and uvula behind. A pill of quinin, grain I, digitalis, grain one-half, and opium, grain one-quarter. It is used in pulmonary tuberculosis, and is taken every six hours. Niepa (me/-pa/.) [E. Ind.]. The bark of Samadera indica, a simarubaceous tree of S. Asia; it is intensely bitter, and a good tonic. Unof. Nigella (ni-jel/-ah) [migellus, dark]. A ranuncula- ceous genus of plants represented by several species having medicinal properties. N. sativa, fennel-flower, is diaphoretic and emmenagogue. Unof. Nigellin (ni-je!’-in) [nigellus, dark]. A bitter extrac- tive of AVigella sativa. Niggl’s Test. See Tests, Table of Night (nit) [ME., night, night]. The portion of the day during which the sun is below the horizon. N.- blindness. See Hemera/opia. N.-blooming Ce- reus, the flowers of Cereus grandºfforus, a sedative and diuretic plant, useful in functional ailments of the heart, palpitation and angina pectoris. Dose of the fid. ext, (alcoholic) mix–xxx. Unof. N. Blue. See Aigments, Conspectres of N.-cries, a symptom of nervous or physical disorders of children, and especi- ally of the early stage of hip-disease. The child cries out in its sleep from pain produced by reflex spas- modic twitching of the muscles already abnormally irritable. N. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of N.-mare, a feeling of distress or suffocation during sleep, attended with fright, hideous dreams and often with inability to stimulate muscular contraction except in a very slight degree. N.-pain, a symptom of hip- disease; pain in the hip or knee occurring during muscular relaxation of the limb in sleep. N.-palsy, a nervous manifestation of no especial significance, consisting simply of a feeling of numbness in one or more extremities of the body when the sleeping patient awakes; the so-called “dead fingers.” It principally attacks women at the menopause. N.- shade, a popular name for plants of the genus So- lanum, and also the genus A/rofa. N.-shade, Bit- tersweet. See Solanum du/camara. N.-shade, Deadly. See Atropa belladonna. N.-sight. Syno- nym of Nyctalopia. N.-soil, the contents of privy- vaults (often removed in the night). This material is largely employed as manure. N.-soil Fever, a syno, nym of Typhoid Fever. N.-starting, a jerking of the lower extremity occurring at night in children with hip-disease. N.-sweat, the profuse nocturnal sweat- ing often observed in pulmonary tuberculosis and other wasting disorders. N.-terrors, Pavor nocturnus; consternatio, a sudden terror that attacks young NIGHTINGALE children during sleep. N.-walker, a somnambulist. N.-walking, Somnambulism. Nightingale (nit'-in-gal) [after Florence Nightingale]. A sleeved scarf used in the hospital-treatment of the sick and wounded, to protect the shoulders and parts liable to become uncovered in bed. Nigredo (ni-gre’-do) [miger, black]. melasma. N. a sole, sunburn. N. nativa, a natural dark coloring of the skin. N. necrotica, the black- ness of parts that are becoming gangrenous. N. sordida, dark pigmentation from dirt. Nigrescent (ni-gresſ-ent) [nigrescere, to become black]. Turning black; blackish, dusky. Nigric Acid (ni/-grié) [niger, black], C, H,0,. A black powder obtained when ethyl oxalate is treated with potassium. Nigricant (ni/-grić-ant). Same as Migrescent. Nigrismus (mi-griz'-mus) [L.]. Synonym of Migredo. N. linguae, black tongue. Nigritia, Nigrities (migrish/-e-ah, miſ-grit-22). as AVigrismus, and Glossophytia. Nigritudo (nig-rit-w/-do). Synonym of Melanosis. Nigrosin (ni/-gro-sin) [miger, black]. A blue-black anilin-dye, useful in staining sections of brain-tissue. For the nigrosins see Indulins. See also Pigments, Conspectus of Nile-blue (mi/-blu). See Pigments, Conspectus of Nine (min) [ME., nine, nine]. Thrice three. N.- bark. I. The plant AWeillia opulifolia, of N. America; it is astringent, tonic, and vulnerary. Unof. 2. The same as Seven-bark. N.-day Fits. Synonym of Zetanus neonatorum. Niobium (mi-o'-be-um) [Nió8m, the daughter of Tan- talus]. A rare metal, akin to bismuth and to anti- mony; symbol Nb ; atomic weight 94. It is also known as Columbium. Its medicinal properties are little known. See Alements, Zable of Niphablepsia (miſ-aē-left/-se-ah) [vípa, snow; āffWeipia, blindness]. See Snow-6/indness. Niphlotyphlotes (nif:/o-fif-lo’-(eg) [vipa, snow; twº- Żótmg, blindness]. Snow-blindness. Niphotyphlosis (miſ-o-º/-/o/-sis) [vípa, snow; tip?oolg. blindness]. Snow-blindness. Nippers (mip'-erz) [ME., nippen, to nip]. An instru ment for seizing small bodies. N., Bone, an instru- ment for grasping small bits of bone. Nipple (nip/-/) [ME., neple, nipple]. The conic ele- vation in the center of the mammary areola. The mammilla, acromastium, or thele. N.-cactus. See A/ammeillaria. N., Cracked, a nipple the epidermis of which is broken in places. g|º A black color; Same N.-line, in physical diagnosis, a vertical line drawn on the surface of the chest through the nipple. N.-protector, a de- vice worn by nursing women to protect the nipple. It is NIPPLE-PROTECTOR. called also a Nipple-shield, N., (From Fullerton's “Obst. AWursing ”.) N.-shield. See AV. - Retracted, a nipple drawn below the surrounding level. protector. Nirls, Nirles (mer/z) [origin obscure]. herpes. Nirlus (mir/-/us) [origin obscure]. An ephemeral papular eruption sometimes following measles or scarlet fever. Nisbet's Chancre. A lymphatic abscess on the dorsum of the penis proceeding to the formation of a chancre. Nisus (ni/-sus) [misus, effort, from miti, to endeavor]. The periodic desire for procreation manifested in the spring season by certain species of animals. Also, the contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles, A variety of 872 NITRO- for the expulsion of the feces or the urine. N.-for- mations, Blumenbach's, the force of an aggregate organism which constrains the newly-integrated atoms to take a definite form; the “spiritus rector.” According to Weismann, this is located in an “accessory idio- plasm,” consisting of the determinants of the parts to be regenerated. Nit [ME., nitte, a nit]. A popular name for the larva of several species of pediculus; during incubation it is attached to the hair. Niter (mi'-ter) [virpov, natron]. Potassium nitrate, N., Cubic, Sodium nitrate. N., Spirit of, Spiritus atheris nitrosi, sweet spirit of niter. Nitid (niº/-id) [mitere, to shine]. Shining. Nitidous (mit/-īd-us) [mitidus, shining]. Same as Nitid. Nitor (ni/-tor). Initere, to shine]. Synonym of Enamel. Nitrate (ni/-trät) [virpov, matron]. Any salt of nitric acid. All nitrates are soluble in water. N. Test Reagent. See Acid Phenyl Sulphate. Nitrated (mi'-tra-ted) [virpov, natron]. Combined with nitric acid. Nitration (ni-tra’-shun) [virpov, natron]. The pro- cess of combining or treating with nitric acid. Nitre (mi'-ter). See AViter. Nitric (mi'-trik) [virpov, natron]. Pertaining to or con- taining niter. N. Acid. See Acid, Nitric. N. Acid Test. See Tests, Table of N. Magnesian Reagent. See Roberts' Reagent. Nitrification (mi-triſ-à-a/-shum) [virpov, natron; ficare (ſacere), to make]. In biology, the oxidation of the nitrogen of organic matter by means of microörgan- isms. Cf. Bacterioid, and AVitrifying Bacillus of Winogradsky, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Nitrify (nit/-rifti) [virpov, natron; facere, to make]. To convert into niter. - Nitriles (ni'-trils) [virpov, natron]. Those derivatives of the alcoholic radicles with the cyanogen group, CN, in which the fourth affinity of carbon is limited to the alcohol radicles. They are liquids usually in- Soluble in water, possessing an ethereal odor, and readily decomposed on heating with acids or alkalies. Nitrite (mi'-trit) [virpov, natron]. A salt of nitrous acid, HNO2. Also applied to certain combinations with organic radicles, as nitroglycerin, C., H3(NO)a, nitro- benzol, amylic nitrite, and other compounds. N., Amy1, C3H11NO2, possesses a fruity odor. Inhaled it causes tumultuous action of the heart and a slowing of the respiration. It is useful in angina pectoris, asthma, and occasionally in sea-sickness. Dose, in- ternally, mu%—j, dissolved in alcohol; by inhalation, mij-v. N., Ethyl, C, H, NO, used to make sweet spirit of niter. N., Sodium, NaNO, acts like amyl nitrite, but is less prompt. It is employed in desºlua- mative nephritis when accompanied by weak action of the heart. Dose, gr. 34-v. Nitro- (mi'-tro-)[virpov, natron]. A prefix denoting com- bination with nitrogen. Also, denoting combination with the radicle NO, N.-amins, a group of chemic compounds containing the nitro-group in union with nitrogen. N.-bacteria, a term given by Winogradsky to those bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrous and nitric acids. N.-benzene (CHANO), Mitroben- zo/; a liquid prepared by adding benzol drop by drop to HNO3. It closely resembles oil of bitter almonds in flavor, and is important as a source of anilin in the manufacture of dyes. It is actively poisonous, with the general effects of hydrocyanic acid. N.-benzol. . See AV.-benzene. N.-benzol-red. Same as Ā’osami- /inz. N.-cellulin, N.-cellulose, a substitution-com- pound of cellulose, NO, replacing H. Mononitro-cel- /ulose, CºHo (NO)Os; Dini/roce//ulose, CsPIs(NO,)Os, or pyroxylin. Trinitrocellulose, C.H. (NO),Os, or gun- NITROFORM cotton. N.-compound, a carbon compound that is formed from another by the substitution of the mona- tomic radicle NO, for hydrogen, and in which the nitrogen atom is regarded as directly joined to a carbon atom. - Nitroform (ni'-tro-form) [virpov, natron; forma, form], CH(NO2)3. An oily acid compound, chemically analogous to chloroform. It is usually obtained by treating biliary acids with nitric acid. Nitrogen (ni/-tro-jen) [virpov, natron; Yevvāv, to beget]. N = 14; quantivalence I, III, V. One of the non- metallic elements, gaseous at ordinary temperatures. It is a component element of albumins, proteids, urea, and other organic substances, of alkaloids, ammonia, and its derivatives, and many other inorganic sub- stances. It forms about 79 per cent. of the air, and is most active in combination with oxygen. The French call it azote. The salts of nitric acid are called nitrates, those of nitrous acid nitrites. See Alements, Zable of. A description of various methods for detecting nitrogen is appended : Kjeldahl’s Method; the sub- stance is dissolved by heating it with concentrated sul- phuric acid. Potassium permanganate (pulverized, or dissolved in sulphuric acid) is then added until a distinctly green color appears. The liquid is diluted with water and the ammonia is expelled by boiling with sodium hydroxid. Limprecht’s Method, a method of determining the nitrogen of nitro-com- pounds and nitroso-compounds indirectly by means of a titrated solution of stannous chlorid. Will and Varrentrap's Method; two parts of calcium hydrate are added to one part of an aqueous solution of pure sodium hydroxid; the mixture is evaporated and gently ignited. The weighed, finely-pulverized sub- stance is mixed with soda-lime (about ten parts) and the mixture is placed in a combustion-tube, about 30 cm. long, which is filled in with soda-lime. In the open extremity of the tube is placed a rubber stopper bearing a bulb-apparatus containing dilute hydrochloric acid. The anterior portion of the bulb is first heated in the furnace ; then, that containing the mixture. That all of the ammonia may be carried into the bulb, air is conducted through the tube, after breaking off the point. The ammonium chlorid in the hydrochloric acid is precipitated as ammonio-platinum chlorid by means of platinic chlorid, and the residual platinum is weighed. One atom of platinum corresponds to two molecules of NH3 or two atoms of nitrogen. N., Gaseous Oxid of. See AVitrous Oxia. * Nitrogenized (mi-troj/-en-izd) [virpov, natron; yewvāv, to produce]. Containing nitrogen. Nitrogenous (mi-troſ’-en-us) [virpov, natron ; Yevvāv, to produce]. Containing nitrogen. Nitroglycerin (mi-tro-glis/-er-in)[víTpov, matron; y?vküç, sweet], CAH5NSO3. Glonoin, Trinifrin, Trinitrite of Glycery!. Glycerol AVitric Aster, a substance produced by the action of a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids upon glycerol. It is a colorless oil, with a sweet taste, and is poisonous when taken internally. It is insol- uble in water. Heated quickly, or upon percussion, it explodes very violently. Mixed with Kieseguhr it forms dynamite. Therapeutically, it acts like amyl nitrite. Dose gr. 3 #6 – sº. Dose of the tincture, one per cent. in alcohol, m, 9%—x. N., Liquor (B.P.), contains pure nitroglycerin one part by weight, recti- fied spirit Q. s. to produce IOO fluid parts. Dose mu %-ij. N., Tabellae (B.P.), tablets of chocolate each containing gr. Tºp of pure nitroglycerin. Dose j—ij. Spiritus glonoini (spirit of nitroglycerin); an alcoholic solution containing one per cent. by weight of glonoin. Nitroleum (mi-tro'-le-um). Synonym of Nitroglycerin. Nitrolin (ni’-tro-àn) [virpov, matron ; oleum, oil]. An 873 NOCUOUS explosive compound consisting of a mixture of cellu- lose, niter, and nitrosaccharose. Nitrometer (mi-trom/-et-er) [virpov, natron; uérpov, measure]. An apparatus for collecting and measur- ing nitrogen gas, or for decomposing nitrogen oxids and estimating the resulting gases. Nitromuriatic Acid (mi-tro-mu-re-a/-ić). Mitrohydrochloric. Nitrosaccharose (mi-tro-sa/º/-ar-63)[virpov, natron; Gák- 2apov, sugar]. An unstable, resinous, explosive com- pound produced by treating saccharose with nitric acid. Nitrosate (mi'-tro-sāt)[virpov, natron]. One of a class of carbon compounds resulting from the action of nitrogen tetroxid upon the alkylenes. Nitroso- (mi-tro/-so-) [virpov, natron]. In chemistry, a prefix signifying combination with nitrosyl, the univa- lent compound radicle, NO. N.-amins, a class of nitroso-compounds in which the nitroso-group is linked to nitrogen. They are mostly oily, yellow liquids, insoluble in water, and may be distilled without suffer- ing decomposition. N.-compounds, a class of chemic compounds containing the group NO attached to carbon. N.-phenol. See Quinoxim. Nitrous (ni’-trus) [virpov, natron]. In chemistry, per- taining to or derived from niter. AWitrous compounds contain less oxygen than do mitric compounds. N. Acid. See Acid, AWitrous. N. Ether, C., H3NO, ; a very volatile liquid, with properties very similar to those of amyl nitrite. N. Oxid, Zaughing gas, a gaseous compound, having the structure N2O. In- haled, it produces cerebral excitement, followed by anesthesia. It is much used in dentistry. See Anes- thetic. Nival (mi'-val) [nivalis, snowyj. Living in or near SIn O.W. Njinio-wood [African]. A remedy used in West Africa in the treatment of gastric pains and loss of appetite. Its effects are similar to those of coca. Unof. Noasthenia (no-as-the-ne-ah) [váog, mind; dofféveta, See Acid, weakness]. Mental feebleness. Nocard, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Nocarodes (mo-kar-o’-dez) [vájkap, lethargy; sióoç, like]. Lethargic. - Nocent (no/-sent) [nocens, from nocere, to harm]. Harmful; injurious. Noctambulation(noA-fam-bu-la/-shun)[noctambulatio, nox, night; ambulare, to walk]. Same as Somnam- &ze/ism. Noctambulatory (nok-/am/-bu-la-for-e) [nox, night; ambulare, to walk]. In biology, wandering at night, as many predatory mammals. Noctambulism (nok - fam/- but - Jizm ). ôu/ism. . . Noctidial (moſé - tid’-e-a/) [nox, night; dies, day]. Lasting for a day and a night, or for twenty-four hours. Noctisurgium (no&-tis-ur/je-um). Synonym of Som- 7zamóze/ism. - Nocturnal (nok-fur/-na/) [nocturnus, of the night]. Pertaining to the night-time. N. Blindness. See Aſemeralopia. N. Crisis, the nightly exacerbation of symptoms. N. Emission and N. Pollution. See Spermatorrhea. N. Enuresis, incontinence of urine at night during sleep. N. Epilepsy, epilepsy in See Somnam- which the convulsions occur at night. N. Sight. Same as Hemera/opia. Nocuity (mok-º'-it-e) [nocuus, injurious]. Injurious- ness; harmfulness; the quality of being noxious. Nocuous (mok’-ee-us) [nocuus, injurious]. Noxious; hurtful; venomous. N. Meat, meat from animals NOD affected with diseases that may be transmitted to Iſla I). Nod [ME., modden, to shake]. I. To drop the head forward with a quick, involuntary motion. 2. The motion so made. Nodal (no'-del) [nodus, a node]. Nodated; pertain- ing to a node. N. Point, the point of intersection of convergent rays of light with the visual axis of the eye. The First AV. P. is 6.9685 mm. behind the Summit of the cornea. The Second AV. P. is 7.3254 mm. behind the summit of the cornea, or o. 1254 mm. behind the lens. Nodated (no-da/-tea) [nodus, a node]. ing nodes. Nodding (nod/-ing) [ME., modden, to shake]. I. The act of inclining the head forward. 2. Having a droop- ing position, as a flower-head, N. Spasm, spasmus nutans; salaam convulsions. See Ac/a/sia mutans. Node (nod) [nodus, a swelling, or node]. A knot or protuberance; an oblong, indurated swelling or tumor that forms upon bones in some forms of periostitis and osteitis. Ns., Heberden’s, overgrowths of the nat- ural tubercles of the digital phalangeal bones in rheu- matoid arthritis. Ns., Parrot's, bosses of bone on the outer table of the skull, the result of syphilitic perios- titis. Ns., Ranvier's, certain constrictions occurring in the course of medullated nerve-fibers, so that the sheath of Schwann lies upon the axis-cylinder. The part of the nerve between the nodes is called an interannular or internodal segment. See AVerve-fiber. Ns., Schmidt's, a term for the medullated interan- nular segments of a nerve-fiber. N., Syphilitic, the localized swellings on bones due to syphilitic peri- OStitlS. Nodicorn (mod/-īk-orm) [nodus, a knot; cornu, a horn]. In biology, having nodose antennae. Nodiferous [no-dif/-er-us) [modus, a node; ferre, to bear]. In biology, bearing nodes. Nodose (no'-doz) [nodus, node]. Characterized by nodes or nodosities; jointed or swollen at intervals. , Nodosis (no-do’-sis) [modus, node]. The condition of having or forming nodes. Nodosity (no-dos/-īt-e). See Mode. N., Bouchard's, a nodose condition of the second joints of the fingers, supposed to be indicative of gastrectasis. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of. Nodous (no/-dus) [vodóg, from vn, negative; 660íg, tooth]. Toothless. Nodular (mod/-u-lar). Synonym of Modose. Nodule (mod/-ä/) [nodulus, dim. of modus, a node]. A little knot or excrescence ; a tubercle ; in derma- tology, an elevation of the skin varying in size from a split pea to a hazelnut, and due to a cellular infiltration (granuloma of Virchow). N. of Aurantius. See Corpus. N. of Cerebellum, the termination of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum situated in front of the uvula. N. of Morgagni. Same as M. of Auranțius. Noduliferous (mod-ur-ſiſ/-er-us) [modulus, a little knot; ferre, to bear]. Having nodules. Noduliform (mod-u/-/:/-orm) [modulus, a little knot; forma, form]. In the form of a nodule. Nodulo-dermitis (mod/-u-lo-der-mi/-täs) [modulus, small node ; 6épua, skin; tric, inflammation]. An inflam- matory nodular skin-affection, such as Madura foot, leprosy, and other skin-diseases. Nodulose, Nodulous (mod/-tt-ſ02, mod’-u-lus) [modulus, a little node]. In biology, having little knobs. Nodulus (mod”-ze-/us) [L. : //, /Moduli J. I. See AVooſaſe. 2. The nodule of the cerebellum. N. hys- tericus. Same as Globus hystericus. Noduli al- bini, a term given to certain small pathologic knots Knotted ; hav- 874 NON-IDENTIST occasionally found on the free border of the auriculo- ventricular valves. Nodus (no'-dus) [L. : pl., AWodi). See AVode. Noeggerath's Method. See Treatment, Methods of: Noematachograph ... (mo-e-mat-ak’-o-graf) [v6/ua. thought; Taxic, swift; ypāqetv, to write]. An instru. ment for recording the time of mental operations. Noematachometer. Same as Moematachograph. Noeud vital (mu(r)d-we-ta/i/) [Fr.]. See Center, Res- piratory. Noisome (noi'-sum) [ME., noysome, hurtful]. Hurtful; In OX10llS. Noli-me-tangere (no'-li-me-tam/jer-e) [L.]. I. See A’odent Ulcer. 2. Ecballium officinarum, the squirt- ing , cucumber. 3. Impatiens moll-me-tangere, the touch-me-not, an animal of the Balsam family. Noma (no'-mah) [vouff; veueiv, to eat]. Synonyms: Cancrum oris, Gangraena oris, Gangrenous stomatitis. A grave form of stomatitis, gangrenous in type, and either secondary to ulcerative stomatitis or primary. The process is rapidly progressive, usually fatal, but recovery with great deformity of the ſace may occur. It is most common between the second and twelfth years. The disease is probably due to microörganisms; many have been found, but their relations have not been determined. Nomarthral (nom-ar’-thral) [véuoc, law; āpôpov, a joint]. In biology, normally articulated or jointed; the opposite of xenarthral. Nome (no/-me). Same as Aſoma. Nomenclature (no-men/-Ala-tiâr) [ momen, a name; ca/are, to call]. A systematic application and ar- rangement of the distinctive names employed in any science. Cf. Onym, Onyway. Nomogeny (no-mo/-en-e) [vóplog, law; yewſ.g., pro- ducing]. In biology, Richard Owen's term for the origin of life through the operation of existing natural law. Nomology (no-mo/-o-je) [váuoc, law; %yog, science]. In biology, that department of botany devoted to a study of the laws of variation. Nomopelmous (nom-o-pe/-mus) [v6/10g, law; TéApia, sole]. In biology, applied to birds having the normal arrangement of the flexor tendons of the foot. Cf. antiope/mous, heterope/mous, schizope/mous, sympel- 7)2O2/S. Non- [non, not]. A prefix denoting negation. N. compos mentis [L.]. A legal term denoting an acquired unsoundness of mind, of such character that one is incapable of conducting his own affairs. Nona (no/-nah) [L.]. A name given in Italy, Bavaria, and Russia to a supposed new disease, which, however, in all probability is not new, but is typhoid fever with coma, a severe influenza, or a grave form of smallpox. Non-access (non-a/-ses) [non, not ; accessus, an approach]. In medical jurisprudence, the failure to cohabit. The reverse of access, Q. v. A child born under such circumstances is a bastard. Non-achromatic (non-ak-ro-mat/-i}). Non-adjustable (non-adjus/-ta-bl.). See Objective. Nonan (no/-nam) º: ninth]. Applied to a fever that has an exacerbation every ninth day. Nondecatoic Acid (non-deſ-at-o'-i}) [nomus, ninth ; 6éka, ten], Cid Hasſ),. A monobasic acid, the nine- teenth member of the fatty acid series. Non-electric (non-e-le/-/ri/) [non, not ; #%ektpov, amber]. A term applied to those substances that permit electricity excited in them by friction to escape as fast as it is formed. Non-identist (non-i-dem/-fist) [non, not; identicus, the same]. A designation applied to a person who be. lieves in the non-identity of certain diseases, such as See objective. NON-MEDULLATEL) typhus and typhoid, chancre and chancroid, mem- branous croup and laryngeal diphtheria. Non-medullated (non-med/-ul-la-ted) [non, not; med. ulla, marrow]. Without marrow. N.-m. Nerve- fibers. See AVerve-fiber. Non-motile (non-mo/-til) [non, not; motilis, moving]. Not having the power of spontaneous motion. Non-naturals, The Six. In the old hygiene, this term designated air, food, exercise, sleep, secretion (and excretion), and mental activity. Nonose (non/-äz) [nonus, nine]. One of a group of the glucoses, with the formula C9H18O3. See Carbo- hydrates, Zable of Non-parous (non-par/-us). Same as Muſliparous. Non-restraint (non-re-strant’) [non, not; Fr., re- straindre, to restrain]. The treatment of insanity without any possible means of compulsion. Non-sexual (non-seks/-u-al) [non, not; sexus, sex]. Same as Asexual. Noëlogy (no-o/-o-je) [vá0c, mind; 26)oc, science]. The science of mind, including that of mental dis- orders. Noðsphales (no-os/-fa!-ez) [v6og, mind; páželv, to overthrow]. Demented. Noðsteresis (no-os-fer-eſ-sis) [váog, mind; orépmotº, privation]. Dementia; loss of reason. Nooth's Apparatus. An apparatus for saturating water with carbon dioxid; it consists of three glass vessels united by tubes. The gas is generated in the first, washed in the next, and stored in the third. Norm [norma, a rule]. Standard. Norma (nor’-mah) [L., a measure]. In anatomy, a view or aspect—essentially of the skull. N. basi- laris, a view or aspect of the skull looking toward the inferior aspect. N. facialis, the aspect looking toward the face. N. lateralis, the aspect looking toward either half; a profile view. N. occipitalis, the aspect looking toward the back of the skull. N. verticalis, the aspect viewed from above, or that directed toward the top of the skull. Normal (nor/-mal) [norma, rule]. Conforming to natural order or law. N. Position, the typical position to which all vertebrates, especially, are most easily referred for comparison. In it the body axis is straight, the limbs project directly to the right and left; the radius and ulna, tibia and fibula, are parallel with the thumb and great toe on the cephalic (upper) aspect or edge. N. Salt Solution or N. Saline Solution, an aqueous solution of sodium chlorid of a strength similar to that of the body-fluids—usually O.6–0.75 per cent. N.-sightedness. See Emmetropia. N. So- lution, in chemistry a solution of a salt or an acid con- taining in IOOO grains of the solvent a quantity of the salt or acid equal in grams to the molecular weight. A deciſzormal solution is one of one-tenth the strength, and a centinormal solution one of one-hundredth the strength of the normal solution. N. Structure, in organic chemistry, the union of carbon atoms in a simple, open chain. Normality (nor-ma/-it-e) quality; the normal state. Normalization (nor-mal-iz-a/-shum) [norma, rule]. In biology, a term used to include all processes by which modified or morphologically abnormal forms and rela- tions may be reduced, either actually or ideally, to their known primitive and presumed normal conditions. Normandy Colic. See Colic. Normoblast (mor/-mo-blast). See Corpuscle. Noropianic Acid (mor-o-pe-an/-ić). See Acid. Norris's Invisible Corpuscles. See Corpuscle. Norton's Abyssinian Tube-well. A tube or tubes driven into the soil, tapping the subsoil water. [norma, rule]. Normal 875 NOSE Norway Itch. See Itch, Morway. N. Spruce. See Abies. Norwegian Itch. A variety of aggravated scabies seen mainly in lepers. See Itch, AVorway. Nosacerus (mâz-asſ-er-us) [vogakepāg, from v6ooc, ill- ness]. Diseased. Nosazontology (nos-az-on-to/-o-je) [vodăſeoffat, to fall ill; 7.6).og, science]. The science of the etiology of diseases. Nose (noz) [ME., nose, nose]. The special organ of the sense of smell. It is also associated in the per- formance of phonation and respiration. The anterior or external entrance is termed the anterior nares, and comprises the nostrils. It is lined throughout by a delicate mucosa termed the Schneiderian membrane, in the upper portion of which the terminations of the olfactory nerves are distributed. N.-bleed. See Fpistaxis. N., Bottle, an hypertrophied condition of the nose with a varicose condition of its veins, usually associated with alcoholism. N.-brain, the olfactory lobes of the brain; the rhinencephalon. TRANsverse SECTION OF THE NASAL Foss, E. I. Nasal septum. 2. Anterior extremity of middle turbinated bone. 3. Middle meatus. 4. Section of inferior turbinated bone. 5. Inferior meatus. 6. Lacrynmal canal. 7. Canalic- uli. 8. Nasal canal. 9. Section of reflected mucous mem- brane. Io. Maxillary sinus or antrum of Highmore. N., Bridge of, the prominence formed by the junction of the nasal bones. N.-cavities, the nasal fossae. N.- cough, a reflex trigeminal cough due to irritation of the nasal mucosa. N.-glasses, eye-glasses held on the nose by a spring ; a pince-nez. N.-hole, a nostril. N.-piece, a mechanical device to be attached to a microscope for holding two, three, or four objectives. It is screwed into the object-end of the tube of the microscope. N., Tench's, a name for the external os uteri. N.-truss, an instrument for keeping the nasal bones in place after dislocation. N., Wings of, the bulging borders of the nostril, formed by folds of skin enclosing adipose and fibro-connective tissue. NOSEGAY Nosegay, Riolan's. The entire group of muscles arising from the styloid process of the temporal bone. Noselia (nos-e'-li-ah) [voomżeńeiv, to attend the sick]. Nursing of the sick. Nosema (nos – e'– mah) [vóomual. Also a genus of Schizomycetes. Nosencephalon (nos-en-sef’-al-on). alus. Nosencephalus (nos-en-sef’-al-us). cephalus. Nosephorous (mos-eſ/-or-us) [véooç, disease; popóg, bearing]. Producing disease. Nosesesthesia (nos-es-es-the’-ze-ah) [voompoc, diseased; aioffmouc, perception]. Perverted sensibility. Nosistoria (mos-is-to’-re-ah) [véooç, disease; iotopia, history]. The history of disease or of a disease. Nosocephalus (no-so-sef’-al-us). See AVotencephalus. Nosocome (nos/-o-kām). Same as AWosocomium. Nosocomial (nos-o-ko'-me-al) [v6ooç, disease; Koueiv, to take care of J. Pertaining to a hospital, or a nosoco- mium. N. Gangrene. Synonym of hospital gangrene. Nosocomium (mos-o-Ao’-me-um)[vóoog, disease; Kopeiv, to take care of J. A place designed for the care of the sick. A hospital. Nosocratic (mos-o-Arat/-i}) [v6ooç, illness; Kpareiv, to be strong]. Specific (applied to disease). Nosode (nos/-ād) [vogóðmg, like a disease]. A homeo- pathic or isopathic remedy. Nosodochium (nos-o-do/-ke-um). CO/7222///?. Nosogenesis (nos-o-jen/-es-is). Synonym of Mosogeny. Nosogenetic (mos-o-jen-et/-ié) [vágoc, disease; yévêqug, genesis]. Pertaining to nosogenesis. Nosogeny (nos-oj/-en-e) [véoog, disease; yeuvâv, to beget]. The development and progress of diseases. Nosographic (mos-o-graf’-ić) [váoog, disease; Ypápelv, to write]. Pertaining to nosography. Nosography (nos-og/-ra-fé) [váçog, disease; Ypápetv, to write]. A descriptive treatise on the character and nature of diseases. Nosologic (nos-o-log/-ić) [véooç, disease; A6).og, sci- ence]. Pertaining to nosology. Nosologist (nos-o/-o-fist) [váoog, disease; Aóyog, sci- ence]. One versed in nosology. Nosology (mos-o/-0-ſe) [v6oog, disease; %yoç, science]. The scientific classification of diseases. Nosomania (nos-o-ma/-me-ah) [véoog, disease; uavía, mania]. The insane or hypochondriac delusion of a patient that he is suffering from some disease, from which, in point of fact, he may not be entirely free. Nosomycosis (mos-o-mei-ko/-sis) [váooç, disease; plíkmg, fungus]. Any disease due to the presence of a para- sitic fungus, or schizomycete. Nosonomy (nos-on/-o-me) [váoog, disease; 6voua, name]. The nomenclature of diseases. Nosonomy (nos-on/-o-me) [váoog, disease; vóplog, law]. The study, or science, of the laws of disease. Nosophobia (mos-o-fo/-be-a/.) [váoog, disease; póſłog, fear]. The insane, or exaggerated, fear of disease; pathophobia. Nosophthoria (mos-off-ſhor/-e-ah) [v6ooc, disease; 406pa, destruction]. The eradication of diseases by prophylactic measures. Nosophyte (nos/-o:/i/) [vágoc, disease; ºvtóv, plant]. Any pathogenic vegetable microörganism. Nosopoietic (mos-o-poi-e/-ić) [váoog, disease; Totmrukóc, making]. Causing disease. Nosotaxy (mos/-o-ſa/ºs-e) [váooç, disease; tāšic, arrange- ment]. The classification of diseases. Nosotrophe (nos-ot/-roºf) [v6ooç, disease; rpoºff, sus- tenance]. I. The nourishment of disease. 2. The care of the sick. Illness, disease. See AVotenceph- Same as AVoten- Synonym of AVoso- 876 NOTCH Nosotrophic, Nosotrophous (mos-o-troſºft, mos-ol’-ro- ſus) [váoog, disease; Tooph, sustenance]. Maintaining disease. Nostalgia (mos-ta/-je-ah) [váotoc, return; &Ayoc, pain]. Homesickness. Nostalgic (mos-ta/ jik) [vóorog, return; &Ayoc, pain]. Affected with nostalgia. Nostoc (nos’-tok) [Ger., nostoch, nostoc). A genus of algous plants, often of a gelatinous nature, such as witches'-butter and star-spittle. Some of the species are edible, e. g., AW edule, being used in soups. Unof. Nostologic § -ié) [váotog, return ; %yog, science]. Pertaining to nostology, or to second child- hood; extremely senile. Nostology (mos-toº-o-je)[v6crog, return; %yog, science]. In biology, the department devoted to the study of senility. ‘Nostomania (mos-to-ma’-ne-ah) [váotoc, return ; unvia, madness]. Nostalgia amounting to monomania. Nostrasia (mos-tra/-ze-ah) [nostras, of our country]. Nostalgia. Nostril (mos/-tril) [A. S. mosu, nose; thyrl, to drill]. One of the external orifices of the nose. N., False, a conic, curved diverticulum or blind pouch, from two to three inches in depth, leaving the nostril of the horse immediately within the opening, and lying in the notch formed between the nasal and premaxillary bones. Nostromania (mos-tro-ma/-ne-ah). Same as Mosto- yeazzia. Nostrum (mos/-trum) [noster, ours]. Any quack medi- cine or cure-all; any proprietary medicine. Notacanthous (mo-ta/-an/-ſhus) [várog, the back; âkavôā, a spine]. In biology, having dorsal spines. Notal (no'-tal) [váTog, back]. Dorsal, or tergal ; per- taining to the back. Notalgia (no-ta/-je-ah) [várog, back; āAyoc, pain]. Any pain in the back. Notanencephalia (no-fam-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [várog, back; à priv.; £yképañoſ, brain]. Congenital absence of the dorsal part of the cranium. Notaspis (no-fas/-pis) [váTog, the back; &otic, shield]. In embryology, the germ-shield or dorsal area of the embryo, in which appears the primitive furrow. Notate (no/-/dt) [notatus, p.p. of nodare, to mark]. In biology, marked, spotted, variegated. Notch [an assibilated form of mock]. An indenta- tion, especially on the circumferential edge of a bone. N., Acetabular. See Cotyloid. N. of the Cerebellum, the depression between the two hemi- spheres of the cerebellum, anteriorly and posteriorly. N., Coraco-scapular. See AV., Supra-scapular. N., Cotyloid. See Codyloid. N., Ethmoid, the notch separating the two orbital plates of the frontal bone. It is occupied by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. N., Great Sciatic. See AV., Ischiatic. N., Inter- clavicular. Synonym of AV., Suffrasternal. N., Intercondyloid. See Intercondyloid Fossa. N., Intervertebral, any one of the depressions on the vertebral pedicles, either on the upper or lower surface. The apposition of two notches of contiguous vertebrae, forms the intervertebral foramen. N., Ischiatic, the notch in the ischium that is converted into a foramen by the ischiatic ligaments. N., Jugular, a notch forming the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen. N., Lantermann’s, the appearance of the internodal segments of the nerve-sheath under the influence of certain reagents, dividing the same into strips obliquely cut at the ends. N., Lesser Sciatic, a notch below the spine of the ischium over which the tendon of the obturator internus muscle passes. N., Nasal, an uneven interval between the internal angular processes of the frontal bone, which articulates with the nasal NOTE bone and the nasal process of the superior maxillary bone. N., Popliteal, the depression on the posterior surface of the head of the tibia, separating the two tuberosities. N., Pterygoid. Same as Fossa, Ptery- goid. N. of Rivinus, the deficiency in the osseous tympanic ring filled by Shrapnell’s membrane, g. v. N., Sacro-sciatic. See AV., Ischiatic. N., Sig- moid, a deep semilunar depression separating the coronoid and condyloid processes of the inferior max- illary bone. N., Spheno-palatine, the notch that separates the orbital and sphenoid processes of the palate bone. N., Supraorbital. See Supraorbital. N., Suprascapular, a notch on the superior border of the scapula at the base of the coracoid process, for the passage of the suprascapular nerve. N., Supra- sternal, the depression at the top of the manubrium, between the two sterno-clavicular articulations. Note (nūt) [nota, a mark]. A sound. N., Percussion, the sound elicited on percussion. Notencephalia (nút-en-seſ-a/-le-a/a). alus. Notencephalocele (no-ten-sef’-al-o-sé!) [várov, back; êyképażog, brain; kážm, hernia]. Tumor of the brain in a notencephalus. Notencephalus (nūt- en -sef’- al- us) [vátov, back; #yképaž0c, brain]. A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species exencephalus, in which the cranial contents are in large part outside of the skull, resting upon the back of the neck like a huge “waterfall,” but not adherent. Hydrocephalus, to some degree, is almost always present. The cranium is misshapen, the forehead sloping backward, and the eyes are di- rected upward and stand out prominently. Noteum (mo-ſe/-um) [váTog, the back: pl., AWotea]. In biology, the dorsal surface of the body of an animal. Nothros (mo'-thros) [voffpóc]. Drowsy, torpid. Notochord (no'-to-kord) [vátov, back; xopóñ, a cord]. A cellular cord inclosed in a structureless sheath, which in the embryo represents the vertebral column, the chorda dorsalis, or primitive backbone. Also, incorrectly the spinal cord. Notomelus (no-tom/-el-us) [vátov, back; ué20c, limb]. A form of double monster in which the rudimentary limbs are attached to the back. Notomyelitis (no-to-mi-el-i/-tis) [váTog, back; uve?óg, marrow ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the myelon, or spinal cord. Notomyelus (no-to-mi/-el-us) [várog, back; plve?6ç, marrow]. The spinal marrow ; the myelon. Notopodium (no-to-poſ-de-um) [vátog, the back; Tofº, foot]. In biology, one of the dorsal oars or double foot-stumps of certain worms. See Parapodium. Notopsyche (no-top-si’-ke) [várog, back; puzà, soul]. Haeckel’s term for the spinal cord, or myelon. Notorhizal (no-to-ri’-gal) [I'êTog, the back; hija, root]. In biology, having the radicle applied to the dorsal part of the cotyledons: incumbent. Nototribe (no/-to-frið) [várog, back; Tpigetv, to rub]. In biology, applied to flowers so arranged that the pollen comes in contact with the back of a visiting insect. Cf. A leurotribe, Sternofriðe. Nototrocha (no-to-tro/-kah) [váTog, the back; Tpoxöc, a wheel]. In embryology, a form of segmented chaetopod larva in which the segments of the body bear half-rings of cilia on the dorsal surface. Nottingham System. See Sewage, Dis/osal of Notum (no'-tum) [várov, vörog, the back; pl., AWota]. In biology, the dorsal aspect of the thorax of an in- sect. Cf. Pronoſum, Aſesomofum, Metanoſum. Notumbrella (no!’-um-brel-ah) [vároc, the back; um- bra, shade]. In biology, the dorsal ectoderm or chrotal epithelium of medusae. See AVotenceph- 877 NUCLEIC ACID Novacula (no-vaſº/-at-lah) [movare, to make new]. A razor; a surgeon’s knife. Noxa (moks/-ah) [L.]. An injurious principle; especi- ally a pathogenic microörganism, or other materies morbi. Noxious (moks/-yus) [noxius, harmful]. Harmful; poisonous or deleterious. “N. Thing,” in forensic medicine anything administered to a person that is harmful in its effects; especially applied to the pro- duction of abortion. Noyes' Method. See Treatment, Methods of Nubecula (nze-bek/-u-la/l) [dim. of mubes, a cloud]. I. The cloudiness caused by the suspension of in- soluble matter in the urine. 2. A cloudiness of the COTI) ea. Nubile (muſ-bi/) [nubilis; mubere, to marry]. Marri- ageable. Of an age at which there exists the possi- bility of procreation or child-bearing. Nubility (mu-bi/-it-e) [nubilitas, from muffere, to marry]. The state of development marked by ability to consum- mate marriage. Nucament (nu/- Aam - ent) [nucamentum, anything shaped like a nut]. In biology, an ament or catkin. Nucellus (nze-se/-us) [mucella, a little nut : pſ., A'uce!. /; J. In biology, that part of the ovule in which the embryo-sac arises; the equivalent of the macro- sporangium of cryptogams. Nuces (nu/-séz). Plural of AWux, Q. v. Nucha (mu/-kah) [L.]. The nape of the neck. Nuchal (nze/-ka/) [nucha, nape of neck]. Pertaining to the nucha, or nape. Nuchalalgia (mu-ka/-a/-je-a/). Synonym of Azecha/. &. Néialgia (nze-Kal/-je-a/a) [nucha, nape; &Wyog, pain]. Pain at the back of the neck. Nuciform (nu/-siſ-orm) [nux, a nut; forma, form]. In biology, nut-shaped. Nucite (nu/-sit), CsPII,Os + 4H.O. A carbohydrate resembling inosite, found in the leaves of /uglans regia. Nuck, Canal of. See Cazza!. N.'s Diverticulum. Same as AW., Canal of. N.'s Glands. See Gland. Nucleal, Nuclear (nu/-Ale-al, muſ-Ale-ar) [nucleus, a cell]. Pertaining to or resembling a nucleus; en- doplastic. N. Figures, the peculiar arrangement of the mitome during karyokinesis. N. Layer, a stratum of gray matter in the cortex of the brain. N. Paralysis, paralysis from lesions of nuclei or centers. N. Spindle, delicate striae appearing in the nucleus undergoing mitosis and arranged in the shape of a double crux with the apices pointing toward the poles of the future nuclei. Its function probably is to guide the movements of the mitome threads. N. Stain, a pigment showing a relatively strong affinity for nuclei. A Direct Nuclear Stain is one that colors nuclei so quickly as to require no subsequent treatment to differentiate them from the plasma. An Indirect Nuclear Stain is one that colors the entire tissue, but in order that the nuclei may be differ- entiated, the color must be removed from the plasma. The more important nuclear stains are:—Bismarck Brown, Carmin, Cochineal, Fuchsin, Gentian-violet, Hematoxylin, Hoffman’s Blue, Methylene-blue, Methyl-green. See Stain, Pasmatic Stain, Specific Stain, Stains, 7 abſe of, and Pigments, Conspectus of N. Substance. See Aſeredit1. Nucleate, Nucleated (nu/-//e-áſ, nu/-Åle-a-ted) [nu- cleus, nucleus]. Having a nucleus. Nuclei (nue/-&le-ä) [L.]. Plural of Azecleus, 7. 2. N. of the Thalamus, the three portions into which the cinerea of the thalamus is separated. They are called the anterior, internal, and external nuclei. Nucleic Acid. Altmann's name for an organic phos- NUCLEIFORM phorus-containing acid, the chief product obtained by analysis of nuclein. Kossel's formula is Cao Hs,No. P.Orr. Nucleic acid occurs free in the heads of the Spermatozoa and contains no sulphur. Nucleiform (nu/-Åle-iform) [nucleus, nucleus; forma, form]. Resembling a nucleus. Nuclein (nu/-Ale-in) [nucleus, nucleus]. A compound of proteid substances with nucleic acid, obtained by means of artificial digestion, by Horbaczewski, Miescher, Plosz, Geohegen, Hoppe-Seyler, Lubavin, von Jaksch, Vaughan, and others, from pus-corpuscles, the spermatozoa of various animals, testicles, and thy- roid gland, the yolk of hens' eggs, yeast, liver, brain, cows' milk, etc. The results of the analysis of nuclein from different sources are discordant. From the From the From Pºzs. ..Spermatozoa e (Hoppe-Seyler.) of Salmon. *% §º. (Miescher.) v. Jaksch.) C, . . . . . . 49.58 36. II 50.06 H, . . . . . . 7. IO 5. I5 7.60 N, . . . . . . I5.02 I3.09 I3.18 P, . . . . . . 2.28 9.59 I.89 Hoppe-Seyler's classification of nucleins, as modified by Halliburton, is: (1) Nucleins that contain no pro- teid. They are synonymous with AWucleic acid, g. v. (2) Nucleins rich in nucleic acid and in reaction very similar to that substance ; they occur in nature in the chromatic fibers of the nucleus. (3) Nucleins that are poorer in nucleic acid ; these form numerous links in a chain, which pass insensibly into those of the next group; they occur in nature in the nucleoli (pyrenin) and constitute the chief bulk of the sub- stance called plastin. (4) Nucleins that contain very little nucleic acid; they are chiefly proteid in nature, and pass gradually toward proteids which con- tain no phosphorus whatever. They occur in the nu- clei of cells; it is difficult to be positive whether the nu- clear matrix is composed chiefly of these or of phos- phorus-free proteids; probably both are present. They occur in milk (caseinogen), in egg-yolk (vitellin, icºhu- lin, etc.), in aleurone-grains of plants (plant vitellin), and in cell protoplasm generally (cel/nucleo-albumin). The great insolubility in alkalies that characterizes nucleins of the third group is not seen in those of the fourth. According to Horbaczewski, nuclein is the source of uric acid. Nuclein has also been proved to possess germicidal properties. Nucleo-albumin (nu/-Ale-o-a/-äu-min) [nucleus, nu- cleus; albumen, albumin]. One of the series of nu- cleins obtainable from cell-protoplasm, poorer in nucleic acid than the plastins of the nucleus. It appears to be the most constant of the proteids obtainable from cell- protoplasm, but is not confined to cells, being the chief constituent of tissue-fibrinogen. The chief proteid of milk (caseinogen), the so-called mucin of bile, and the mucinoid substance in the mucus of urine, are nucleo- albumins. Nucleo-albumin is insoluble in acetic acid, precipitable by magnesium sulphate, not reducible by prolonged heat in the presence of an acid; it is formed by the combination of nuclein and albumin in the pro- cess of digestion. It contains phosphorus. The pre- sence of nucleo-albumin in the urine has been observed in cases of leukemia, icterus, diphtheria, and in Scarla- tinal and other varieties of nephritis. Nucleochylema (nu-Ale-o-Ai-le/-mah)[nucleus, nucleus; xuā66, juice]. The fluid filling the interstices of the nucleohyaloplasm. Nucleochyme (nu/-Ale-o-Aim). See Mucleochylema. Nucleohiston (nu-Åle-o-his/-ton) [nucleus, nucleus; ioróg, tissue]. A substance found by Lilienfeld in the leukocytes of the blood. It is a combination of nu- 878 NUCLEUS clein and histon. Nuclein induces coagulation of the blood; histon prevents it. The liquid state of the blood is dependent on the integrity of the compound formed by these two bodies. Liquidity, then, is due to the leukocytes by virtue of the histon contained in them ; as is also coagulation, by reason of the contained nuclein. Nucleohyaloplasm (nu-kle-o-hiſ-al-o-plazm) [nucleus, nucleus; važog, transparent substance; Thäogetv, to mold]. A scarcely tangible substance, which, with chromatin, makes up the threads or mitoma of the cell- nucleus. See Linizz. Nucleoid º -Åle-oid) [nucleus, nucleus; eldog, like]. Shaped like a nucleus. Nucleoidioplasm (nu-kle-o-id’’-e-o-plazm) [nucleus, nu- cleus; iólog, special; TAéooeuv, to mold]. The idio- plasm of the nucleus. Nucleolar (mu-Ale/-o-lar) [nucleolus, dim, of nucleus, a nucleus]. Pertaining to the nucleolus. Nucleolid (nu-kleſ-o-lid) [nucleolus, a little nucleus; eiðog, like]. A corpuscle resembling a nucleolus. Nucleolin (mu-kleſ-o-lin) [nucleolinus]. The nucleus of a nucleolus. - Nucleolinus (nu-kle-o-li/-nus) [nucleolus, dim. of mu- cleus, a little nut ; pl., AWucleolini]. In biology, the germinal point within the germinal spot of the nuclei of certain egg-cells. Nucleolus (mu-Ale/-o-lus) [dim, of nucleus, a nucleus]. The small spheric body within the cell-nucleus. It probably plays but a subordinate part in the life-activity of the cell, although its true function has not as yet been established. Nucleomicrosoma (nu-Åle-o-mi-Aro-so'-ma/) [nucleus, nucleus; pukpóg, small; Göſta, body: pl., AWucleomicro- somata]. Any one of the many minute tangible bodies that make up each fiber of the nucleoplasm. Nucleopetal (mu-Åle-o-pet/-al)[nucleus, nucleus; £etere, to seek]. Seeking the nucleus (said of the movement of the male pronucleus toward the female pronucleus). Nucleoplasm (nu/- Ale-o-plazm) [nucleus, nucleus; Tââogetv, to mold]. The formative hyaloplasm of the nucleus; chromatin. E. van Beneden describes the nucleus of the ovum as composed of a membrane within which is a network of chromatin, containing in its meshes a fluid substance. The whole of this mass he calls the nucleoplasm, composed of : I. An achro- matic substance in fine moniliform filaments. 2. A chromatic substance permeating the whole. He sup- poses each fiber to consist of minute bodies, readily stained, called AVucleomicrosomata. Strasburger de- scribes a nucleus as consisting of AWacłeoplasm (or Aaryoplasma) in which there are two matters, the nucleomicrosomata, taking up pigment, and the nucleo- hyaloplasm, not stained. Nucleoplasmatic, Nucleoplasmic (mu - Ale-o- plaz- mat/-ić, mu-kle-o-plaz/-mić) [nucleus, nucleus; Tāāo- oeuv, to mold]. Relating to nucleoplasm. Nucleoplastic (mu-kle-o-plas/-tić). Synonym of AWu- cleoplasmatic. Nucleus (nu/-Åle-us) [nucleus, from muz, nut]. The essential part of a typical cell, usually round in outline, and situated near the center. The center around which the mass of a crystal aggregates; also, the central element in a compound, as the carbon in hydrocarbons. In physiology, the controlling or motor center of a muscle or organ; also, the deep origin (nidus or nidulus) of a nerve. N. ambiguus, N., Anterior, a center near that of the vagus. N. amyg- dalae, an irregular aggregation of cinerea situated at the apex of the temporal lobe of the brain, between it and the apex of the middle ventricular horn; it lies ventrad of the lenticula. N., Amygdaloid. NUCLEUS See AV. amygdalae. N., Anterior (of the thalamus). See AVuclei. N., Arciform, an aggregation of nerve- cells in the oblongata between the pyramidal tracts and the arciform fibers. N., Arcuate, the largest of the collections of gray matter in the arciform fibers of the pyramidal tracts. N., Balbiani’s, a nucleus supposed to be present in all ova, in addition to the germinal vesicle. Its function is to be the separation of the contents of the ovum into a germinal part and a nutritive portion. N. of Bechterew, an ill-defined group of ganglion-cells lying dorsad of Deiters' nu- cleus, and supposed to give origin to some of the fibers of the middle root of the auditory nerve. It is also called the nucleus zestibularis. N., Burdach's. See AV. funiculi cuneat. N., Caudal. See AV., Oculo-motor. N., Caudate. See Caudatum. N., Caudo-ventral. See AV., Oculo-motor. N. cere- belli, the corpus dentatum, 7. v. N., Cervical, an accumulation of nerve-cells in the upper part of the spinal cord, opposite the third and fourth cervical nerves. N. cinereus, a term sometimes used to des- ignate the gray substance of the restiform bodies. N., Cleavage. Synonym of M., Segmentation. N., Daughter. See Mitosis. N., Deiters’. See AV. magno-cellularis. N., Dental. the dental papilla. N. dentatus, a nucleus located in the mesal part of the corresponding cerebellar hemisphere, in the direct prolongation of the prepeduncle which enters it, and very close to the roof of the fourth ventricle. It is composed of a folded lamina of cinerea, con- voluted like the similar nucleus of the olive, and is open cephalo-mesad. N. de reliquat, a granular body associated with the sickle-shaped rods in coccidia. .N. emboliformis, a small mass of gray matter situa- ted in the interval between the AV deſztatus and AV. fastigii, and lying nearer the former. It is elonga- ted cephalo-caudad, and is probably an accessory de- tachment of the AV dentatus. N. fastigii, the Fas- tigatum ; a flat expanse of gray matter on each side of the inferior vermis cerebelli, directly over the roof of the fourth ventricle. N. fimbriatus. Synonym of Corpus denſatum. N. funiculi cuneati, a mass of gray matter in the posterior column of the oblongata, lying beneath the funiculus cuneatus. N. funiculi gracilis, an elongated club-shaped mass of gray matter in the mesal portion of the posterior column of the oblongata. N. funiculi teretes, a distinct accumula- tion of small nerve-elements, closely crowded, found on either side of the sulcus ventriculi of the oblongata. Its relations are unknown. N., Germinal, the nucleus resulting from the union of the male and female pro- nuclei. N., Gingival, a part of the cerebellum in the fetus (between the third and fourth months), which bears some resemblance to the gums. N., Globic, N. globosus, the globulus, a number of small round or oval masses of cinerea situated in the interval be- tween the AV. dentatus and AV fastigii, lying near to and probably an accessory detachment of the latter. N. gracilis, a column of cinerea in the clava or posterior pyramid of the medulla oblongata. N., Gray, the cinerea of the spinal cord. N., Intraventricular, the caudatum. N., Kölliker's, the cinerea surrounding the canal of the myel (spinal cord). N., Laryngeal, the nucleus of origin of the nerve-fibers of the larynx. N. of Laura, the external auditory nucleus of nerve- cells, N., Lenticular, N. lentiformis, a cluster of cinerea of the striatum. N. of Luys, an almond- shaped mass of cinerea with pigmented ganglion-cells in the regio subthalamica. N. magno-cellularis, AXafters’ AVucleus, a nucleus of cinerea in the ob- longata, situated mesad of the restiform column at the level entry of the auditory nerve-roots. It is proba- 879 NUDIROSTRATE bly a station for a spinal tract. N., Medullary, any circumscribed collection of white matter in the central nervous system. N., Mother. See A/o/her-s/az', under Karyokinesis. N., Motor, a collection of nerve-cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a motor nerve. N., Oculo-motor, the nucleus of the oculo-motor nerve, lying dorsad of the posterior longitudinal bundle, under the aqueduct of Sylvius. N., Olivary. See Dentoliva. N. of Origin, the collection of ganglion-cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a nerve. N. of Pander, the upper expanded end of the flask-shaped mass of white yolk in the hen’s egg. N., Post-pyramidal. See M. fumiculi gracilis. N. pulposus, the pulpy sub- stance in the center of the intervertebral discs, the remains of the notochord. N. pyramidalis, the inner accessory olivary nucleus. N. quintus, the nucleus of the fifth or trigeminal nerve, N., Red. See AV. tegmenti, N., Restiform, the gray matter of the restiform body. N., Roof. Synonym of A. tegmenti. N. ruber. See AV. tegmenti. , N., Seg- mentation, the nucleus that appears shortly after the fusion of the male and female pronuclei, the last step in the process of fertilization; it is so called because within it cleavage is first established. N., Spermatic. Synonym of the male pronucleus. N., Stilling's. Synonym of AW, tegmenti. N., Subependymal, the internal nucleus of the eighth or auditory nerve, lying just beneath the ependyma of the metacele. N., Tectorial Cerebellar. Synonym of AV. ſegmenti. N., Tegmental, N. tegmenti, Red AWucleus, a nu- cleus with a reddish tinge and a round or oval outline, situated in the isthmus at those section-levels where the ganglion of Soemmering has its greatest extent. N., Vesicular, a rather large nucleus, the membrane of which stains deeply, while the central portion re- mains relatively pale. N. vestibularis. See AV. of Aechterezy. N., Vitelline, a nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male and female pronuclei within the vitellus. N., Westphal’s, the nucleus of origin of a part of the trochlear fibers; it is situated posteriorly to the trochlear nucleus proper. N., White, the white substance of the dentate body of the olive. Nuculanium (mu-ku-la/-me-um) [mucuſa, a little nut : pl., AWuculania]. In biology, a fruit like the medlar, containing several nut-like seeds or carpels. Nucule (mu'-kül) [mucula, a little nut]. In biology, the female organ of Characeae. Nude (nūd) [mudus, naked]. Naked; bare. In biology, destitute of hairs, leaves, feathers, and similar dermal appendages. Nudibrachiate (mu-de-bra/-ke-āt) [nudus, naked ; bra- chium, the forearm]. In biology, having naked arms, or non-ciliated tentacles. Nudibranchiate (nu-de-brang’-ke-āt) [nudus, naked ; branchiae, gills]. See Gymnobranchiate. Nudicaudate (nu-dić-aw/-dāţ) [nudus, naked; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a hairless tail. Nudicaul (mu'-dić-awl) [mudus, naked; caulis, stem]. In biology, having leafless stems. Nudiflorous (nu-dif:/o/-rus) [mudus, bare ; fos, a flower]. In biology, having flowers destitute of hairs, glands, etc. Nudifolious (me-dif-o'-le-us) [mudus, bare; ſolium, a leaf). Having smooth leaves. Nudil (nu/-dil) [origin obscure]. An old name for a medicated pledget, or dossil of wool, lint, or cotton. Nudiped (nu/-dip-ed') [mudus, naked ; pes, foot]. In biology, having naked feet. Nudirostrate (nu-de-rosſ-fráſ) [mudus, naked; ros- trum, beak]. In biology, having a naked rostrum, as a hemipterous insect. NUDISCUTATE Nudiscutate (nu-dis-ku/-tät) [nudus, naked; scutum a shield]. In biology, having a naked scutellum. Nuel's Space. In the ear, a triangular space lying between the outer hair-cells and the slanting outer rods of Corti. It is roofed over by the lamina reticu- lata. Nuhn’s Glands. See Gland. s Nuisance (mu/-sans) [ME., nuisance, nuisance]. In medical jurisprudence, that which is noxious, offen- sive, or troublesome ; applied to persons or things. Nuke (nūk) [Fr., muque, the neck]. The nape of the neck. N.-bone, the basi-occipital bone. Nullipara (nul-ip/-ar-ah) [nullus, none; parere, to bring forth]. A woman who has never borne a child. Nulliparity (muſ-ip-ar/-it-e) [nullus, none; parere, to bring forth]. The condition of being nulliparous. Nulliparous (nul-iº/-ar-us) [nul/us, none; parere, to bring forth]. Applied to a woman who has not borne a child. Numb (num) [ME., mome, taken]. Having impaired sensibility. Number Six. See Hot Drops. Numbering of Teeth; Fingers and Toes; Series. See Teeth; Fingers and Toes; Series, Mumbering 07. Numbness (num/-nes) [ME., mome, taken]. Partial, or local anesthesia with torpor; deficiency of sensa- tion ; obdormition. Nummiform (num/-if-orm) [nummus, a coin; forma, form]. Having the form of a coin; nummular. Nummular (num/-u-lar) [nummus, coin]. Resem- bling a small coin in form ; also, resembling rouleaux, or rolls of coins; applied to the red globules of the blood; or the rounded clots of sputum sometimes observed in pulmonary tuberculosis. Nuptiality (nup-she-a/-it-e) [nuptial, nuptial]. proportion of marriages to the population. Nurse (ners) [Fr. nourrice, nurse]. The caretaker of an infant. Also, a person caring for the sick. N., Dry, one who does not suckle the infant. N., Hos- pital, one who cares for the sick in a hospital. N., Monthly, one who attends a woman in confinement. N., Probationer, in hospitals a probationer is one who has entered upon her career as a nurse, and is under observation to determine her fitness for the profession. N., Professional, one who devotes him- self or herself to the care of the sick as a life-work or profession. N., Wet, one who suckles the infant. N.'s Contracture, Trousseau's term for tetany found in association with debility following lactation. Nursing (ners/-ing.) [Fr., nourrice, a nurse]. A term applied to the babe's taking the breast, and also to the mother's giving the breast. Also, caring for the sick. N.-bottle, a bottle fitted with a rubber tip or nipple for feeding infants not nursed from the breast. Nursling (ners’-ling) [Fr., nourrice, a nurse]. An infant that is nursed. Nurture (mer-fir) [ME., morture, nurture]. I. Nour- ishment; food. 2. The act of supplying with nour- ishment. 3. To feed or nourish. Nussbaum's Method. See Anesthetic. N.'s Mix- ture. See Azzesſ/he/ic. N.'s Narcosis, the condition of prolonged anesthesia induced when the adminis- tration of chloroform is preceded a few minutes by the hypodermatic injection of a full dose of morphin. N.'s Theory of Germinal Continuity, the hypoth- esis that some of the germ-substance is directly abstracted from the developing ovum and preserved without essential alteration, to become, by giving rise to the sexual elements, the germ-substance of another generation. See Heredity. The 880 NUX Nut [ME., mutte, nut]. See AVux. moid bone in the foot of a horse. N.-gall. See Galla. N.-meg. See Myristica. N.-meg Liver, a mottled appearance of the liver, the center of the acini being dark, while the periphery is lighter in color. The condition is seen especially in passive congestion and in fatty infiltration. Nutant (mu/-fant) [mutare, to nod with the head]. In biology, drooping, or sloping. Nutation (nu-ta/-shun) [nutare, to nod]. Nodding or oscillation. In biology, the same as Circumnutation. N. of Sacrum, a partial rotation of the sacrum on its transverse axis, whereby the distance between the upper extremity or the lower extremity and the an- terior pelvic wall is increased. Nutator (nu-ta/-tor) [mutare, to nod]. causing anterior flexion of the head. Nutatory (mu/-tat-or-e) [nutare, to nod]. nodding. N.-bone, a sesa- A muscle In biology, Nutriant (nu/.tre-ant) [nutrire, to nourish]. A medi- cine or agent that modifies nutritive processes. Nutrient (nu/-fre-ent) [nutrire, to nourish]. I. Af. fording nutrition. 2. food. Nutrility (nu-triſ/-īt-e) [nutrire, to nourish]. The power of a cell or an organism to take part in the function of nutrition; metabolism. Nutriment (nu/-trim-ent) [nutrimentum, from nutrire, to nourish]. Anything that nourishes or enters into the formation of living tissue. Nutrition (mu-trish/-um) [nutrire, to suckle]. The most important of the vital functions, the anabolic process, or the molecular renovation of living proto- plasm. N., Centers of, points held by Goodsir to exist in the basement-membrane of mucous membranes. Nutritious (nu-tris/-us). Synonym of AVutritive. Nutritive (mu/-trit-iv) [nutrire, to nourish]. Possessing the quality of affording nutrition. - Nutritorium (nu-triţ-o/-re-um) [nutrire, to nourish]. The nutritive apparatus, or that part of the organ- ism that is directly concerned with anabolic changes. Nutritory (nu/-trit-o-re) [nutrire, to nourish]. Con- cerned in the processes of nutrition. Nutrix (mu/-trićs) [L. : pl., AWutrices]. A female nurse, especially a wet-nurse. Nuttall’s Method. See Sputum, Methods of Æxami- zzation. Nux (mufts) [L.]. A nut. N. moschata [L., “musky nut ’j. The nutmeg : myristica. N. vomica, dog- button; the seed of Sºrychnos nux vomica. Its properties are due mainly to two alkaloids, strychnin and breecin, and with the properties of which its own properties are identical. In small doses it is a bitter tonic, exciting the secretions and stimulating the functions of the body. In larger doses it exalts the function of the spinal cord, causing tetanic spasms of the extensor muscles. In toxic doses it paralyzes the functions of the spinal cord, arrests respiration and causes death by suffocation. It is valuable as a general tonic in cardiac failure, in hemiplegia, dyspnea and in certain forms of amblyopia. The proportion of Strychnin in nux vomica varies from #–4 per cent. N. v., Abstractum. Dose gr. 34, gradually increased. Unof. N. v., Ext. Dose gr. jº-j. N. v., Ext., Fld. Dose muj-v. N. v., Tinct., 2 per cent. of the drug. Dose muv xx. Brucina, Cash, No- O, tº the strength of Strychnin and in action one- third as rapid. Dose gr. T'a-º. (Unof.) Liquor brucinae, I per cent. Dose mix. Strychnina, strychnin, Cai H22N,O2, the alkaloid, exceedingly bitter; chloroform is its best solvent. Dose gr. †—º. S. Sulphate (Cai Ho, N.O.), H2SO, 7H,O, A substance that nourishes; a NYCHTHEMERON soluble in water. Dose gr. ºo-ºo. Liq. S. hydro- chlorat. (B. P.) Dose muv-x. Nychthemeron (nik-them/-er-on) [vić, night; #uépa, day]. A day and a night. Nychthemerous (nić-them/-er-us) [víč, night; #uépa, day]. Pertaining to night and day; ephemeral. Nyctalopia (nik-ta/-o/-pe-a/.) [víč, night; &lp, the eye]. Night-vision; the condition in which the sight is better by night or in semi-darkness than by daylight. It is a symptom of central scotoma, the more dilated pupil at night allowing a better illumination of the peripheral portions of the retina. Dr. Greenhill and Mr. Tweedy have shown that according to the quite universal usage of modern times, the definitions of the words, mycza/opia and hemera/opia, have been the reverse of that of the early Greek and Latin writers. The proper derivation therefore of nyctalopia would be from vić, night, à%aôg, blind, Ölp, eye, the word mean- ing night-blindness. Hemera/opia was likewise derived from ºuépa, day, à%aôg, blind, Ölp, eye, and meant day-blindness. The attempt to reinstate the ancient usage can only result in utter confusion, and the words should therefore never be used. See Hemeralopia. Nyctamblyopia (nik-tame-ble-o/pe-ah) [viš, night; ap- BAvoiría, dim-sightedness]. Imperfect vision at night. Nyctegersia (nić-tej-er’-se-ah) [víč, night; #yspotg, a rousing]. Nocturnal excitement. Nyctipelagic (nik-tip-el-aſ-ić) [víč, night; Tré%ayog, the seal. In biology, pertaining to marine animals that remain in the depths during the day and arise to the surface only at night. See under Plankton. Nyctipolus, Nyctiporus (mik-tip/-o-ſus, niž-tip/-or-us). Synonyms of Somnambulist. Nyctitropic (nić-tit-rop/-i})[víč, night; Tpóſtoc, a turn]. In biology, applied to movements connected with the phenomenon called the “sleep of plants.” Nyctitropism (mik/-tit-ro-pizm) [vić, night; Tpórog, a turn]. In biology, the “sleep of plants.” Nyctobadia, Nyctobatesis (nik-to-ba/-de-ah, niž-to- bat-e'-sis). Synonyms of Somnambulism. Nyctophobia (nié-to-fo/-be-ah) [víč, night; $680g, fear]. Insane dread of the night. Nyctophonia (nik-to-fo/-ne-ah) [vić, night; pová, voice]. The hysteric loss of the voice during the day. - Nyctotyphlosis (nik-to-fif-lo/-sis) [viš, night; tip2004, blindness]. Night-blindness. Nygma (nig’-mah) [viyuaj. A punctured wound. Nylander's Solution and Test. See Tests, Table of Nymph (nimf) [viºuſp7, a nymph]. In biology, the chrysalis or pupa of an insect. Nympha (nim/ºfah) [viºuſn, nymph ; pl., Aſymphae]. A Nyxis (niãs/-īs) [víšic, puncture]. labium minus the vulva. See Cabium. 56 881 NYXIS Nymphaea (mim-ſe/-ah) [víppm, a nymph]. A genus of plants including the water-lilies. N. odorata, sweet-scented water-lily; the root of the well-known plant. It contains gallic and tannic acids, to which its properties are due. It is bitter and astringent. A decoction of 3 j-Oj may be used. Dose 3 ss—j, or a fluid extract in doses of 3 ss—j. The roots are em- ployed in domestic practice in making poultices. Unof. Nymphitis (mim-ſ:/-äs) [viºuſa, nymph; truç, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the nymphae. Nymphochrysalis (nim-ſo-Aris/-a/-äs) [vippm, a nymph; Žpwaažíg, the gold sheath of butterflies]. In biology, the egg-like stage from which the nymphae of certain mites are developed. Nympholepsy (mim/-ſo-dep-se) [vigºm, nymph; 27/rróg, inspired, seized]. An exaltation, or ecstatic trance; a religious frenzy. [Old.] Nymphomania (mim - ſo - ma/-ne-ah) [vippm, nymph ; gavía, madness]. Excessive or furious sexual desire on the part of a woman. It is called, also, Aystero- mania, and Aºuzor uterinzes. Nymphomaniac (mim-fo-ma/-me-aſſ) [viºuſ m, nymph; Havía, madness]. One affected with nymphomania. Nymphoncus (nim-ſong/-kus) [viºuſn, nymph; 6ykoç, tumor]. Tumor of the nympha. Nymphosis (nim-ſo'-sis) [vippm, a nymph; specifically the pupa of an insect]. In biology, the process of changing into the nymph stage. Nymphotomy (mim-ſoº'-o-me) [viºuſm, nymph; touff, a cutting]. The surgical removal of one or both nymphae. Nyssa (mis/-ah) [Nūga, the nurse of Bacchus]. A genus of cornaceous trees; gum trees; tupelo or pep- peridge. N. candicans, N. capitata, N. grandi- dentata, and N. uniflora, are species of the U. S., whose roots are used in making tupelo-tents. See Tents and Tupelo. Nystagmus (mis-tag/-mus) [vvoTayuáç, nodding of the head]. An oscillatory movement of the eyeballs, generally horizontal, inherited, and associated with Some other ocular abnormality, with albinism, or de- pending on intracranial disease, especially meningitis or multiple sclerosis. N., Lateral, oscillation of the eyes in the horizontal meridian. N., Miner's, a variety of nystagmus occurring in miners, due to the irregular action of the ocular muscles as the eyes fol- low the flickering light of candle or lamp, the miner lying in an unnatural position. N., Rotatory, a partial rolling of the eyeball around the visual axis. N., Vertical, oscillatory movement in the vertical meridian. Nystaxis (mis-taks/-īs). Synonym of Mystagmus. Pertaining to sur- gical puncture. * * **** **** O 882 OBJECT O O. The chemic symbol of Oxygen. The symbol of Oculus, eye. It is also used in prescriptions as the abbreviation of Octarius, a pint. O. D. Abbreviation for oculus dexter, right eye. Oph. An abbreviation sometimes employed for ophthal- mia, ophthalmoscope, and ophthalmoscopy. Oaf (of) [AS., aff, elf]. An idiot, or underwitted per- SOI). Oak (54) [ME., oke, oak]. A tree or shrub of the genus Quercus, g. v. O.-bark, an important tannin- containing material used in leather-manufactures. It is taken from the common English oak (Quercus robur), and contains from twelve to fifteen per cent. of tannic acid. It produces an excellent quality of leather. Other varieties in use are Q. coccifera, of which the bark, known as coppice-oak, is yellowish- brown in hue and very rich in tannin; Q. suber (or cork-oak), and Q. ilex (or evergreen-oak). The tannin of the several varieties of oak is known as 7zeercitannic acid, C17H16O2. In addition to this acid the main constituents of oak-bark are: the first anhydrid of this acid, phlobaphene, Cai H3001: ; its second anhy- drid, Cs, HasOis; its third anhydrid, Oser’s oak-red, C.H., Ols; and its fourth anhydrid, Löwe's oak-red, Cº., H2O. Of these, the quercitannic acid and the phlobaphene are especially concerned in the tanning process. O.-bark (Quercus alba, U. S. P., Quercus cortex, B.P.) is an astringent tonic mostly employed in washes and decoctions for external use. The official species in the U. S. is Q. alba, in Gr, Britain, Q. robur. Oakum (o/-äum) [ME., ocumbe, tow]. The fiber ob- tained by picking old rope into pieces. Oakum, vari- ously medicated, is used to some extent in Surgical dressings. Oamma (o-am/-ah) [Öauſla, from oig, ear]. €ar. Oaralgia (o-a-ra/-je-ah) [Öéptov, ovule; 3%)0ç, pain]. Ovarian neuralgia. Oaria (o-a/-re-a/). Oaric (o-ar/-i}) [öäptov, ovule]. the oaria. Oariocele (o-a/-re-o-sel) [Öéptov, ovule; K%m, tumor]. Hernia involving an ovary. Oariocyesis (o-a/-re-o-si-e'-sis) [Öáptov, ovule; Kimotº, pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy. . . Oårioncus (o-a-re-ong’-kus) [Óðptov, ovule; 3) Koç, tumor]. An ovarian tumor, Oariopathy (o-a-re-op/-a/-e) [&áptov, ovule; Tábog dis- ease]. Any ovarian disease, Oariophyma (o-a-re-o-ft/-mah) [Öáptov, ovule; jºua, tumor]. Same as Oarioncus. Oariorrhexia (o-a-re-or-eks’-e-ah) [Óðptov, ovule; héâtc, rupture]. Rupture of the ovary: Oarioscirrhus (o-a-re-o-skir’-us) [Óðptov, ovule; orip- poc, hard]. Scirrhus of the ovary. Oariosteresis (o - a - re-o-ster-eſ- sis) [Óðptov, ovule; orépmotº, privation]. Same as Oariotomy. Oariotomy (o-a-re-o!’-o-me) [óðptov, ovule; Topff, a cut- ting]. Surgical removal of an ovary. Oaritis (o-a-ri'-tis) [6,6ptop, ovule; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of an ovary. Oariule (o-a/-re-ſil) [Öaptov, ovary; oil?%, Scarl. A corpus luteum. Oarium (o-a/-re-um) [Öéptov, ovule : pl., Oaria]. See Ozarzzzzzz. Oasis (o-a/-sis) [Öagic, a dry spot: Al, Oases]. In Hearing; Plural of Oarium, g. v. Ovarian ; relating to surgery, an isolated spot of healthy tissue Surrounded by diseased tissue. Oat (Öt) [ME., ote, oat]. A cereal plant, Avena sativa, and A. orientalis, or its seed. Oats are used mainly as food for horses, although they are being largely used as food by man in the United States and other countries. See Avena. O.-malt, malt made from oats. O.-meal, the meal made from oats. The proximate analysis of oat-meal gives fat, 7.74; starch, 59.88; sugar, I.27; albumin insoluble in alcohol, I5.66; albumin soluble in alcohol, 4.21 ; cellulose, 2.05; mineral matter, I.94; moisture, 7.25. O.-m. pyrosis, a condition of fermentative dyspepsia, at- tended with acidity, related to the eating of oat-meal. Ob- [oë, on, against, towards]. A prefix signifying on, against, or towards. Obalinski’s Method. See Amesthetic. Obconic, Obconical (ob-kon/-ik, ob-kon/-ik-al) [ob, reversed; Kovakóg, pertaining to a cone]. Conic, but with the point of attachment at the apex. Obcordate (ob-kor/-dāt) [ob, reversed; corda; a heart]. In biology, inversely heart-shaped. Obdeltoid (ob-de/-toid) [ob, reversed; deltoides, delta- shaped]. In biology, triangular, with the apex down- ward. Obdormition (ob-dor-mish/-um) [obdormitio, obdormire, to fall asleep). The phenomenon known as “sleep” of the limbs; the benumbing of a part due to inter- ference with nervous function. Obduction (off - du//- shun) [ob, against; ducere, to lead]. Post-mortem examination. , Necropsy. O’Beirne’s Tube. A long flexible tube used in making rectal injections in cases of obstinate constipation. Obeliac (o-be’-le-a/) [öffe?6ç, a spit]. Pertaining to, or situated near, the obelion. Obelion (o-be’-le-on) [838%g, a spit]. See Craniometric Aozzzás. Oberst Method of Inducing Local Anesthesia. In- jection of a I per cent. solution of cocain over the course of a nerve-trunk supplying the area to be attacked. Obese (o-bes') [obedere, to eat]. Extremely fat; corpu- lent. Obesity (o-bes/-īt-e) [obesitas, from obedere, to eat]. Corpulence; polysarcia. An excessive development of fat throughout the body. Usually it occurs after the prime of life, but it may be congenital or may occur at any period of life. Ebstein's Treatment consists in reducing the quantity of food ingested, and in select- ing a diet that the patient may adhere to for the remainder of life. Carbohydrates, including Sugar, sweets, and potatoes, are absolutely forbidden, ... Bread is limited to the smallest possible quantity. All kinds of meat and vegetables are allowed, especially, the leguminous vegetables, with tea, coffee, and light wines. Banting's Cure excludes almost all fats, but permits a much larger allowance of albuminous food. Obex (o'-beks) [L., a barrier; pl., Obices]. A band of white nervous matter at the point of the calamus scriptorius. Obfuscation (off-fus-AEa/-s/ºwn) [obſetscare, to make black]. The act of darkening or of producing be- wilderment of sight. tº e obituary (o-bit/-u-a-re) [obitus, death]... Pertaining to death. A notice or account of one who has recently died. Object (ob/jekt) [objectus, a casting before ; from ob- ficere, to cast before]. I. Anything that is perceived, OBJECTIVE known, thought of, or signified. 2. A purpose, aim, or end. O.-blindness. See Apraxia. Objective (objeć/-tiv) [objicere, to throw against]. In medicine, a qualification applied to the symptoms ob. served by the physician, in distinction from those felt only by the patient. In psychology, pertaining to all things lying external to one’s self, in contradistinc- tion to subjective, pertaining to the essential ego, or observer. The lens of a compound microscope nearest the object viewed. O., Achromatic, the ob- jective of a microscope in which the lenses, formed of crown-glass and flint-glass, tend to eliminate the color, or chromatic aberration. O., Adjustable, in microscopy, one in which the distance between the systems of lenses may be changed at the will of the observer. O., Aplanatic [á priv.; Thavmtóg, wandering], in the microscope, an objective in which both chromatic and spheric aberration are avoided. O., Apochromatic, one in which the lenses, made of a peculiar kind of glass, admit of the combination of the rays from three spectral colors at one focus, instead of two colors, as in the ordinary achromatic objective. O., Dry, in the microscope, one in which the medium between the objective and the cover- glass consists of air. O., Endomersion, a form of objective, devised by Zeuger, in which the chromatic aberration is removed by the employment of a liquid (as a mixture of ethereal and fatty oils) placed be- tween the separate lenses. O., Homogeneous Im- mersion, one between which and the cover-glass a fluid of the same refractive index as glass is placed. Cedar-oil is such a fluid. O., Immersion, one in which some fluid is placed between the front of the objective and the cover-glass. O., Microscopic, the systems of lenses at the lower end of the tube near the object, giving an enlarged and inverted real image. These objectives are of two classes, Dry and Immer- sion. O., Non-achromatic, an objective which pro- duces an image with a colored border. It also permits spheric aberration. O., Non-adjustable, an objec- tive in which the relative positions of the lenses or lens-systems are fixed. O., Oil-immersion, an ob- jective between which and the object a drop of oil is placed. Cedar-oil is most commonly employed. O., Unadjustable. See O., AWon-adjustable. O., Water-immersion, an objective between which and the cover-glass water is placed as a medium. Oblanceolate (ob-lan/-se-o-lāt) [ob, reversed; Zanceola, a little lance]. In biology, lanceolate, with the apex downward. Obligate (ob/-/ig-āt) [obligatus, obligare, to oblige]. In biology, necessary, essential, constrained, bound. O. Aérobic, See Aérobic. O. Anaërobic. See Aérobic. O. Parasite, an organism which is con- strained to a parasitic life for the attainment of its development. Obligatory (ob-lig’-at-or-e) [obligare, to bind]. Com- pelling; binding. O. Aérobes. See Aérobic. Oblique (ob-lek’ or ob-lik') [obliquus, oblique, slant- ing]. Not direct; aslant; slanting. In botany, un- equal-sided. In anatomy, an oblique muscle, as the external or internal oblique of the abdomen, or the superior or inferior oblique of the eye. Obliquity (ob-lik/-wit-e) [obliquitas, obliqueness]. The state of being oblique. O., Naegele's, in obstetrics the lateral inclination of the fetal head, in conse- sequence of which the sagittal suture is directed more posteriorly. O., Roederer's, in obstetrics, the ex- tremely flexed position of the fetal head on the body. O., Solayres's, in obstetrics, the entrance of the fetal head into the pelvic inlet in an oblique diame- ter. 883 OBTUNDITY Obliquus (ob-li/-4:vus) [L., slanting]. lique. A term applied to various muscles. cle. See Muscles, Table of O. Reflex. flexes, Zable of Obliterate (ob-lit"-er-at) [obliterare, to erase]. To wipe out. In biology, indistinct; applied to marks, spots, punctures, and striae, in animals. Obliteration (ob-lit-er-a/-shum) [obliteratio; obliterare, to efface]. Extinction of a part; closure, as of the lumen of a passage. Slanting; ob- O. Mus- See /øe- Oblivion (ob-liv'-e-on) [oblivio, lethargy]. Forgetful. ness; lethargy. Oblongata (off-long-ga/-tah) [L.]. The medulla ob- longata. Oblongatal (off-long-ga/-tal) [oblongata, the medulla]. Pertaining to the oblongata. Obmutescence (ob-mu-tes/-ens) [obmutescere, to become dumb]. Aphonia; loss of voice. Obnubilation (off-nee-bil-a/-shum) [obnubilare, to be- cloud]. A beclouded state of the mind or spirit. Obovate (ob-o'-vát) [ob, reversed; ovatus, egg-shaped]. In biology, inversely ovate. Obovatifolious (ob-o-va-fif-o'-le-us) [ob, reversed: ovatus, egg-shaped ; folium, a leaf). In biology, having inversely ovate leaves. Obovoid (ob-o'-void) [oh, reversed; ovum, an egg]. In biology, Solidly obovate. Observation (ob-zer-za/-shum) [observatio]. The exam- ination of a thing; a systematic study of phenomena. Obsession (off-ses/-um) [obsessire, to beset]. Beset- ment. Possession as by evil spirits; an imperative idea; a dominant delusion. Obsolescence (off-so-ſes/-ens) [obsolescere, to grow old]. The state of becoming old or going out of use. Also, the cessation of growth. Obsolete (ob/-so-let) [obsoletus, p. p. of obsolescere, to wear out]. In biology, indistinct, imperfectly devel- oped or rudimentary. Obstetric (off-stet/-rié) [obszare, to stand before]. Per- taining to the practice of obstetrics. O. Position. See Postures, Zable of Obstetrician (off-stet-rish’-an) [obstare, to stand before]. One who practises obstetrics. Obstetrics (off-ster/-riás) [obstare, to stand before]. The care of women in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperal state. Obstetrix (ob-stet/-riás) [obstare, to stand before]. A midwife. Obstipation (off-stip-a/-shun) [oôsſipatio obstipare, to close tightly]. Constipation. Obstipitas (ob-stip’-it-as) [obstipus, awry, stiff-necked; stipes, a stick]. Wry-neck; torticollis. Obstruction (ob-stru//-shun) [obstructio; obstruere, to stop up). Stoppage or blocking up of a canal or opening of the body. See Imperforation, Occ/usion. Obstruent (ob/-stru-en/) [obs/ritere, to close up]. I. Obstructive; tending to obstruct. 2. In therapeutics or pathology, any remedy or agent closing the lumen or orifice of vessels or ducts. Obstupefacient (off-stu-pe-ſa/-she-ent) [obstupefacere, to stupefy]. Narcotic or stupefying. Obstupescentia (off-stu-pes-en’-she-ah) [L.]. A state of stupefaction, with a look as of astonishment. Obtected (ob-tek’-fed) [ob, over; tegere, p. p., fectus, to cover]. In biology, concealed under a neighboring part. Obtund (ob-tund”) ſobfundere, to dull]. To blunt or dull; to lessen, as pain. . Obtundent (ob-tun'-dent) [obfundere, to make dull], Soothing ; quieting. In therapeutics, any remedy that relieves or overcomes irritation or pain. Obtundity (ob-tun'-di-e) [of 'underc, to make dull]. OBTURATOR The state of being obtunded, or dulled; diminished sensibility. - Obturator (ob/-tu-ra-'or) [obturator, obturare, to stop up]. That which closes a cavity. In surgery, an instrument for closing an opening caused by a wound or by disease. O. Artery. See Arteries, Zable of O., Dental, an instrument used in the treatment of pala- tine defect when operative surgical means are not applicable. O. Foramen, a foramen in the anterior part of the os innominatum. See Foramina, Zable of O. Muscle. See Muscles, Zable of O. Nerve. See AVerves, Zable of Obturbinate (ob-ter/-bin-āt) [ob, reversed; turbo, a top]. In biology, top-shaped, with the apex or peg- end up. Obtuse (ob-tºs') [obtusus, p. p. of obtundere, to blunt, dull]. Blunt. Obtusifolious (ob-tu-siſ-o'-le-us) [obtusus, blunted; folium, leaf J. In biology, having blunt leaves. Obtusilobous (off-fu-siſ-o/-bus) [obtusus, blunted; lobus, a lobe). In biology, having leaves with obtuse lobes. Obtusion (ob-tu/-2/um) [obtundere, to blunt]. The blunting or weakening of the normal sharpness or strength of sensation; a symptom of certain diseases. Obumbrant (off-um/-órant) [ob, over; umbrare, to shadow, shade]. In biology, overhanging. Obumbrate (ob-um/-órád) [oô, over; umórare, to shad- ow]. In biology, situated under an overhanging part. Obuncous (oë-ung/-Azas) [ob, against; zerzcus, bent in, hooked]. In biology, very crooked or hooked. Obvallate (ob-va/-ä) [obval/are, to surround with a wall]. In biology, walled in. Obvolute (ob/-vo-liit) [obzo/vere, to wrap]. In biology, the term applied to that form of vernation in which half of one leaf covers half of another; half-equitant. Obvolvent (ob-vo/-vent) [obvolvere, to wrap). In bi- ology, curved downward or inward. Occipital (ok-sip/-it-a!) [occipitalis, occipital]. Per- taining to the occiput. O. Artery. See Arteries, Table of O. Bone, the bone of the skull situated at its posterior, middle, and inferior part. See Bones, Table of. O. Crest. See Crest. O. Fossa. See Fossa. O. Lobe. See Zobe. O. Nerve. See AVerves, 7able of. O. Points. See Craniometric Points. O. Pro- tuberance, the prominence on the inner surface (in- ternal) or on the outer surface (external) of the occi- pital bone. O. Sinus. See Sinus. O. Triangle. See Triangles, Zable of O. Vertebra, the occipital bone, in the vertebral theory of the skull. Occipiten (o/-siſ/-īt-en) [occiputſ, occiput]. Belong- ing to the occipital bone in itself. Occipito- (oA-s://-it-o-) [occiput, occiput]. A prefix to denote connection with or relation to the occipital bone. O.-atloidean, pertaining conjointly to the occipital bone and the atlas. O.-axoid, or O.-axial, pertaining to both the occipital bone and the axis, or second vertebra. O.-bregmatic, pertaining conjointly to the occipital bone and the bregma. O.-cotyloid, in obstetrics, a term applied to a condition in which the fetus has the occiput directed toward the acetabu- lum of the mother. frontal. O.-frontal Triangle. See Triangle. O.- frontalis. See Muscles, 7 able of O.-mastoid, relating to the occiput and the mastoid process. O.-mental, pertaining to chin and occiput. O.- odontoid, pertaining to the occipital bone and the odontoid process of the axis. O.-parietal, pertaining conjointly to the occipital and parietal bones of the head. O.-posterior, in obstetrics, a term applied to the condition in which the fetus has the head directed toward the mother’s sacrum. O.-sacral. Synonym of O.-posterior. O.-sternal Triangle. See Triangle. O.-frontal, both occipital and 884 OCHLOPHOBIA O.-temporal, pertaining to the occiput and the temples. Occiput (0%/-sip-ut) [ob, against; caput, the head; gen. Occipitis pl., Occipital. The back part of the head. Occludent (ok-ſu/-dent) [occludere, to shut up]. In bi- ology, applied to parts that shut up or close. Occlusio (ok-/u/-ze-o) [L.]. Closure. O. pupillae, obliteration of the pupil. O. pupillae lymphatica, obliteration of the pupil by a false membrane. Occlusion (ok-/w/ 2/un) [occusio, occludere, to shut up]. I. A closure, blocking or shutting up of a normally Patent aperture, as of the anus or ear. A synonym of Zºeºſoration and Obstruction. 2. In chemistry, the absorption by a metal, of gas in large quantities, as of hydrogen by platinum. 3. The full meeting of the masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth, in the position of rest. Occlusive (ok-lu'-giv) [occludeſe, to shut up]. Effect. ing an occlusion, as an occlusive dressing, in sur- gery. 's Occlusor (ok-/u/-zor) [occludere, p. p. occlusus, to close up : pl. , Occlusores]. In biology, an organ that closes an opening; or draws parts together. Occult (oA-Ault') [occultus, hidden]. Hidden; con- cealed; not evident. O. disease, any disease the nature of which is not readily determined. . ; * Occupation-diseases. Those caused by or connected with the occupation of the patient, divisible into :— a. Arritant, mechanic or chemic effects of materials: & 7oric, from poisonous matter absorbed into the blood: and c. Patigue, as in scrivener's palsy. O. neurosis, a neurosis occasioned by one's employment or trade, as writer’s cramp. See, also, Amazeiratic. Ocellar (o-se/-ar) [ocellus, a little eye]. In biology, pertaining to ocelli. - Ocellatae (os-el-at’-e) [ocellus, a little eye). In biology. the marginal vesicles in the Zeptomedusae. Cf. Oce//i. cyst. - Ocellate (osſ-el-āt) [ocellatus, having little eyes]. In biology, same as ocellated; having a colored patch like an eye, e. g., certain feathers, flowers, butterflies' wings, or fishes' fins, Ocellated (osſ-el-a-ted) [ocellus, a little eye). bling or having eyes. Ocelli (o-se/-ä), ſocellus, dim. of oculus, an eye). simple eyes of insects. Ocelliferous (os-el-iſ’-er-us) [ocellus, a little eye; ferre, to bear]. Same as Oce/laſe. Ocelligerous (os-el-āj’-er-us) [ocellus, little eyes; gerere, to carry]. Same as Ocel/aſe. Ocellus (o-se/-us) [a little eye; pl., Oce/lij. In bi- ology: (a) one of the simple eyes or pigment-spots of invertebrate animals. Cf. Stemmatus ; (b) one of the elements of a compound eye; (c) one of the colored spots on many feathers, flowers, etc. Ochema (ok-e'-mak) [0xmua, from Öreiv, to carry]. A vehicle for medicines. Ocher, Ochre (o’-ker).[&Apóc, pale yellow]. A name given to clay variously colored by the oxids of iron. See Pigments, Conspectus of O.-colored Stools, a descriptive term applied to the dejecta of typhoid- fever patients, Ocherous, Ochreous (o’-Aer-us, o/-Are-us) [Öxpóg, pale, wan]. In biology, brownish-yellow. Ocheus (o/-e-us) [6xeiv, to carry]. The scrotum. Ochlesis (ok-leſ-sis) [6xãog, crowd]. Crowd-poison- ing ; disease due to over-crowding, and lack of ventila- tion. Ochletic (oA-let/-ä) [54%og, crowd]. of the nature of, ochlesis. Ochlophobia (ok-lo-fo/-be-ah) [64%oc, crowd; Ø680g, fear]. Morbid dread of crowds. Resem- The Pertaining to, or OCHLOTIC Ochlotic (ok-/ot/-īk) [64%og, crowd]. Same as Ochletic. O. Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. Ochopetalous (ok-o-peº/-al-us) [Özog, anything that holds; Tāraāov, a petal]. In biology, having capacious petals. - Ochraceous (o-Ara/-se-us) [Öxpa, ocher]. Ocher-col- ored; yellowish-brown. Ochre (o/-Aer). See Ocher. Ochriasis (o-Ari'-as-is) [Öxpóg, yellow]. Sallowness of complexion. Ochrocarpous (o-Aro-Aar/-pus) [Öxpóg, pale-yellow; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, having yellowish fruit. Ochroid (o'-Aroid) [Öxpa, ocher; eidog, form]. Like ocher in color. Ochroleukous (o-Aro-ſu/-kus) [Öxpóg, pale-yellow ; Weukóg, white]. In biology, yellowish-white. Ochronosis (o-Aron/-o-sis) [Öxpóc, yellow; v6oog, dis- ease]. A brownish or blackish discoloration of carti- lage and allied structures; it is probably an intensifi- cation of the pigmentation normally present in these structures, occurring in advanced life. Ochropyra (o-Aro-pi/-rah) [Öxpóg, yellow ; trip, fire]. Yellow fever. Ochthe (ok/-the) [äxöm, a bank]. The edges of an ulcer. Ochthiasis (ok-thi/-as-is). Synonym of Molluscum. Ocrea (ok/-re-ah). [L., a greave : pl., Ocrea]. In bi- ology, a sheath formed about the stem by one or both stipules. Ocreate (öA/-re-at)[ocrea, a greave]. In biology, having a stipular sheath. Ocreous (o'-Are-us) [Öxpóc, pale]. Resembling ocher. Octagonal (ok-tag/-o-mal) [Ökró, eight; Yovia, an angle]. Having eight sides and angles. Octamerous (ok-tam/-er-us) [Öktó, eight; plépoc, part]. In biology, having the parts in eights. Octan (ok/-tan) [Öktó, eight]. Returning every eighth day, as an octan fever. Octandrous (ok-tan/-drus) [äkró, eight; avàp, a male]. In biology, having eight stamens. - Octane (oA/-tän) [Öktó, eight], CsPIs. The eighth member of the paraffin or marsh-gas series. See Hy- drocarbons, Zabde of Octarius (ok-ta/-re-us) [Škró, eight]. of a gallon. One pint. Symbol O. Octavus humeri (ok-ta/-vus-hu/-mer-i). of Teres minor. See Muscles, Zable of Octo- (ok/-to-) [öktó, eight]. A prefix denoting refer- ence to the number eight. * Octoblast (ok/-to-blast) [Ökró, eight; 3%aoTóc, germ]. In biology, the eight-celled stage of a segmenting OV Ulm 1. Octobrachiate (ok-to-bra/-ke-āt) [Ökró, eight; 3paxtov, the arm]. In biology, having eight tentacles, rays, arms or brachia. Octocerous (ok-fosſ-er-us) [Öktó, eight; képaç, a horn]. In biology, having eight horns, tentacles, rays or arms. Octocotyloid (ok-to-kot'-il-oid) [ontó, eight; kotiºn, a hollow ; elóog, form]. In biology, having eight fos- settes or bothria. An eighth part Synonym Octogynous (ok-to/-in-us) [Öktó, eight; yová, a female]. In biology, having eight pistils. Octolocular (ok-to-lok’-u-lar) [Öktó, eight; loculus, dim. of locus, a place, cell]. cells. Octonemal, Octonematous (ok-to-me/-mal, ok-to-mem/- at-us) [bkró, eight; viſua, thread]. In biology, hav- ing eight filamentous organs or appendages. Octonocular (ok-ton-o.8/-u-lar) [Öktó, eight; oculus, eye). In biology, eight-eyed. Octoped, Octopede (oA/-to-ped, ok/-to-ped) [Öktó, eight; pes, foot]. In biology, an eight-footed Creature. In biology, having eight 885 OCULAR Octopetalous (ok-to-pe/-al-us) [bºró, eight; Tréražov, a leaf J. In biology, having eight petals. Octophthalmous (ok - toff’- tha/- mus), [okró, eight; ôpffažuág, eye). In biology, having eight eyes. Octophyllous (ok-to-fi/-us) [Ökró, eight; pú//ov, a leaf J. In biology, having eight leaflets. Octoradial (ok-to-ra/-de-al) [bktó, eight; radius, ray]. Same as Octoradiate. Octoradiate (ok-to-ra/-de-āt) [bºró, eight; radius, ray]. In biology, having eight rays. Octoroon (oA-for-oom/) [Öktó, eight]. a white person and a quadroon. Octosepalous (ok-to-sep/-a/-us) [bºró, eight; sepalum, a sepal]. In biology, having eight sepals. Octoses (oA/-to-seg) [bkró, eight]. A group of the glucoses with the formula CsPH16Os. See Carbo- Aydrates, Table of Octospermous (ok-to-sper/-mus) [okró, eight; otéppa, seed]. In biology, producing eight seeds. Octospore (ok/-to-spár) [okró, eight; otópoc, seed]. In biology, a spore from many fungi and lichens, the asci of which produce eight spores each. Octostichous (ok-tos/-tié-us) [Öktó, eight; otizoſ, line, row]. In biology, eight ranked. Octylene (oA/-til-en) [Öktó, eight], CsPils. A colorless liquid derived from octane. Ocular (oA:/-u-lar) [oculus, the eye]. I. Pertaining to the eye. 2. An optic combination that refracts the diverging rays forming the real object-image so that they may pass through the pupil of the observer's eye; the eye-piece of a compound miscroscope. Like the simple microscope, it also forms a virtual or magnified image of the real image. O., Cam- pani’s. See O., Huygenian. O. Cleft. See Cleft. O., Compensating, an ocular specially constructed for use with the apochromatic objective. It serves to correct or compensate for aberrations in the ob- jective outside the axis. O. Cup. See Optic. O., Erecting, one that is provided with an erecting prism and gives an erect image of the object. O., Huygenian, one that consists of two plano-convex lenses, the convexities being directed toward the ob- jective. The lower and larger lens is the field-lens; the upper and smaller is the eye-lens. O., Kellner's. See O., Orthoscopic. O., Micrometer, is an ocular with which is connected a micrometer for the pur- pose of measuring the real image of the object. O. Micrometer Ratio. See A’atio. O. Muscles, External, the six muscles moving the globe of the eye. See Muscles, Table of O. Muscles, Inter- nal, the ciliary muscle and the iris. O., Negative, an ocular in which the real image formed by the objec- tive lies somewhere between the two lenses or lens- systems forming the ocular. O., Orthoscopic, one that consists of a bi-convex field-glass and an achro- matic double meniscus (bi-convex and bi-concave) eye-lens. Os., Parfocal, oculars of different powers which may be interchanged without putting the image wholly out of focus. O., Periscopic [Tepi, around ; okoTeiv, to look] ; a positive ocular devised by Gundlach ; it has a double convex field-lens and a triplet eye-lens. O., Positive, one through which the real image is formed outside of the ocular, and is magnified by the entire system of ocular lenses like a simple microscope. O., Projection, an ocular especially designed for projecting the image formed by an objective on a screen for class-demonstration, or for photography. O., Ramsden's, an ocular con- sisting of two plano-convex lenses with their convex surfaces facing each other. It has been used in mi- crometry. O., Searching, an ocular of low power used for finding an object. It consists of a single The offspring of OCULATE 886 field-lens and a double eye-lens. O. Sheath, the loose sheath-like tissue extending from the apex of the orbit of the eye to the vertical diameter of the globe, the posterior part of which up to the pas- sage of the tendons of the external ocular muscles is called //ie Capsule of Æonnet, and the anterior portion, the Capsule of Tenon. O., Solid, an eye- piece devised by Tolles. It consists of a solid piece of glass, with a moderate curvature at one end for a field-lens, and more greatly curved at the other end for use as an eye-lens. For a diaphragm a groove is cut transversely at the proper level and filled with black pigment. O., Spectral, an ocular with a direct-vision spectroscope connected with it. See Micro-spectro- scope. O., Spectroscopic. See O., Spectral and Micro-spectroscope. O. Spot, a differentiated pig- mented organ having the function of sight, found among the Protozoa, chiefly in the Fageſ/a/a, e.g., Buglena (pretty eye); the Colenterates (Sarzia); Ac- tinozoa (Actinia), Asteridea, Echinidea, Rotifera, Tre- matoda, and Nematoda. O. Vesicle. See Vesicle. O., Working, an ocular used for ordinary microscopic observation, in contradistinction to one of very low power used for finding objects. There are both positive and negative forms. Oculate (oA:/-u-laſ) [oculus, an eye). ing eyes or eye-shaped markings. Oculauditory (o/-at-law/-dit-or-e) [oculus, eye ; audire, to hear]. In biology, combining the functions of eye and ear, as the marginal bodies or sense-organs of certain invertebrates, Oculiferous (ok-tº-lif'-er-us) [oculus, eye; ferre, to bear]. In biology, eye-bearing; applied to the eye- stalks of a crustacean or snail. Oculiform (ok/-u-lèſ-orm) [oculus, eye; forma, shape]. In biology, resembling an eye. Oculigerous (o/*-tt-liſ/-er-us) [oculus, eye; gerere, to carry]. Same as Oculiferous. Oculist (ok/-u-list). Synonym of Ophthalmologist. Oculo- (oA/-me-/o-) [oculus, eye). A prefix signifying relation with the eye. O.-motor, moving the eye. O.-muscularis, pertaining to the muscles of the eye. O.-pupillary, pertaining to the pupil of the eye. O.- zygomatic, pertaining to the eye and the zygoma. See Jadelof's Lines. Oculomotorius (o//-u-lo-mo-fo/-re-us) [oculus, eye; movere, to move]. The third, or motor oculi, nerve. See AVerves, 7able of Oculus (ok/-u-lus) [L., an eye; pl., Ocuſ; J. In biology, an eye or leaf-bud, e.g., in the potato. O. bili. See Zabasheer. O. bovinus, O. bovis. Synonym of Aydrophthalmia. O. bubulus. Synonym of O. bovinus. O. caesius, glaucoma. O. elephantinus. Synonym of Hydrophthalmia. O. lacrimans, epi- phora. O. leporinus, lagophthalmos. O. mundi. See Zabasheer. Ccyodinic (o-se-o-din'-ić) [Ökiig, swift; 6,6ig, to avail]. Oxytocic ; hastening the delivery of the fetus. Ocyphonic, Ocyphonous (o-siſ-on/-ić, o-sifº-on-us) [Ökiig, swift; póvog, slaughter]. Killing quickly. Ocytocic, Oxytoceous (os-it-os/-īk, oks-it-os/-e-us)[Öküç, swift; Tôkog, birth; labor]. Hastening the process of childbirth ; oxytocic. Od (őd or od') [an arbitrary name given by Baron von Reichenbach]. The supposititious force producing the phenomena of mesmerism. Odaxesmus (o-da/s-eg’-mus)[öðašmaū6¢, a sharp biting]. The biting of the tongue, lip, or cheek, occurring during an epileptic fit. Odaxetic (o-daks-eſ/-īk) [bóašmrukóç, biting]. rise to an itching or stinging sensation. Odd-pinnate (odºpin/-ä/) [ME., od, odd; pinna, a In biology, hav- Giving ODONTOBLAST wing]. In biology, pinnate, with a terminal odd leaflet; imparipinnate. -ode, -odes (-0d, -o/-dez) [ööe, like]. A suffix denoting likeness. Odinagogue (o-din/-ag-og). Synonym of Oxytocic. Odinolyontous (o-din-o/-e-on/-tus) [6,6ig, pain; Žiety, to lose]. Soothing, Odinopean (o-din-o’-pe-an) [60ig, pain; Troteiv, to make]. Causing pain. Odont- (o'-dont-). See Odonto-. Odontagma (o-don-tag/-mah) [6000c, tooth; dyvival, to break]. Same as Odontoclasis. Odontagra (o-don-ta/-gra/) [öðoig, tooth; &ypa, seiz- ure]. Toothache; also, a kind of forceps for the surgical removal of teeth. Odontalgia (o-don-ta/-je-ah) pain]. Toothache. ache. - Odontalgic (o-dom-ta/-již) [öðotic, tooth; &Ayoc, pain]. I. Anti-odontalgic. 2. Relating to toothache. 3. A remedy for toothache. Odontalgy (o-don-ta/-fe). Same as Odontalgia. Odontalite (o-don'-ta/-īt) [Óðoig, a tooth; Aſbog, a stone]. A petrified tooth. Odontapotribe, Odontapotripsis (o-don-ta/-o-trib, o-don-tap-o-trip/-sis) [bóoig, tooth; itó, from ; Tpigetv, to crush]. Wearing away of the surface of the teeth. Odontatrophy (o-don-tat'-ro-ſe) [600ig, tooth ; atpodia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the teeth. Odontelephas (o-don-te/-ef-as). Synonym of Dentine. Odonteuros (o-don-tu/-ros) [bóoic, tooth; eipóg, decay]. Dental caries. Odontharpagra (o-don-thar-pa/-grah). AMentagra. Odonthercos (o-don-ther’-kos) [bóoßg, tooth; £pkoç, fence]. A set of teeth. Odonthyalophthora (o-dont-hi-al-off’-thor-ah) [Öóoig, tooth; tañog, glass; ºffeipelv, to destroy]. Destruc- tion of the enamel of the teeth. Odonthyalus (o-dont-hi/-al-us). Synonym of Enamel. Odontia (o-dom/-she-a/.) [60oig, tooth]. Odontalgia. O. deformis, deformity of the teeth, arising either from error of shape, position, or malformation of the jaws or alveolar border. O. incrustans, tartar of the teeth. Odontiasis (o-dom-fi/. as-is), [bóovttäv, to cut teeth]. Dentition. The cutting of teeth. Odontiater (o-don-te-a/-ter) [600üç, tooth; tarpóc, phy- sician]. A dentist. Odontiatria (o-don-te-a-tre'-ah) [6000c, tooth; arpeia, a healing]. Dental surgery. Odontic (o-don/-tié) [bóoic, tooth]. the teeth. Odontinoid (o-dom/-tin-oid) [6000c, b06vtoc, tooth; eiðoc, resemblance]. Resembling or having the nature. of teeth. Odontitis (o-don-ti /-täs) [bóoüç, tooth; tric, inflamma- tion]. Dentium in/ammatio; inflammation of the teeth. Formerly a synonym of dental caries, when this affection was supposed to be an inflammation of the dentine. Odonto- (o-dom/-to-) [öðoic, gen. 606v10¢, a tooth]. . A prefix that signifies resemblance to, connection with, or relation to a tooth. Odontoblast (o-dom/-to-blast) [bóof c, tooth; 8%ao Tóg, germ]. In biology, one of the formative cells of dentine; one of the columnar cells forming the outer layer of the pulp of teeth; they do not enter into the dentine which they have secreted (as do osteoblasts into bone), but they all remain at its base and send into it numerous finely-branched processes, which run parallel to each other in as many little channels of the [öðoig, tooth; d'Ayoc, O. nervosa, neuralgic tooth- Synonym of Appertaining to ODONTOBLASTIC bony substances. The fibers are connected by fine anastomoses. (A. Lang.) Odontoblastic (o-don-to-blas/-tié) [Ö000g, tooth; 3%ao- tóg, germ]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, an odontoblast. Odontobothriitis (o-don-to-both-re-i/-tis) [bóoüç, tooth; 800ptov, a little cavity; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the socket of a tooth. Odontobothrium (o-don-to-both/-re-um) [Ö600c, tooth; 600ptov, a little cavity]. The alveolus of a tooth. Odontoceramic (o-don-to-ser-am/-i}) [öðotic, tooth; képauog, clay]. Pertaining to porcelain teeth. Odontochalix (o-don-to/-al-iks) [bóotic, tooth; xà24;, gravel]. Dental cement. Odontochirurgical (o-don-to-ki-rur'-jić-al) [bóoig, tooth ; Yeupovpyia, surgery]. Pertaining to dental Surgery. Odontoclasis (o-don-tok/-las-is) [600üç, tooth; K%ietv, to break]. The breaking of a tooth. Odontoclast (o-don/-to-klast) [Öóoic, tooth; K%éetv, to break]. A multinuclear protoplasmic cell engaged in the process of absorbing the fang of a deciduous tooth. Numbers of these cells exist between the milk-tooth and the permanent tooth. Odontocnesis (o-don-tok-ne/-sis) [6000c, tooth; kviouſ, itching]. A painful itching sensation in the gums. Odontodesmium (o-don-to-dez/-me-um) [öðoig, tooth; Öeoplóg, bond]. A ligament described as holding the teeth in their sockets. Odontodiarrhea (o-don-to-di-ar-e'-ah) [bóoug, tooth; 6tá, through ; bota, flow]. Diarrhea due to disturb- ances of dentition. Odontodynia (o-don-to-dim/-e-ah) [60oig, tooth; 660Vm, pain]. Toothache. * Odontogen (o-don/-to-jen) [bóoüç, tooth; Yevvāv, to produce]. A material producing dentine. Odontogenic (o-don-to-fem/-ié) [6000c, tooth; Yevvāv, to produce]. Pertaining to the origin and develop- ment of teeth. Odontogeny (o-don - to/- en - e.) [600üç, tooth; Yevhe, producing]. In biology, the origin and development of teeth. Odontoglyph (o-don/-to-gliſ) [Óðowg, tooth; YWügetv, to carve]. An instrument used for scraping the teeth. - Odontoglyphous (o - don - tog’-lif- us) [Óðoic, tooth; yWüpetv, to scrape]. In biology, having furrowed teeth. Odontography (o-don-tog/-ra-ſe) [bóoic, tooth; Ypápetv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the teeth. Odontoid (o-don’-toid) [6000c, tooth; elóog, like]. Resembling a tooth. Serrated. O. Ligament. See Zigament. O. Process, the dentate process of the second cervical vertebra. Odontolith (o-don’-to-lith) [bóoic, tooth; Aibog, a stone]. The calcareous stone-like accretion on the teeth popularly known as “tartar.” Odontologic (o-don-to-lo/-ić) [ööoffic, tooth; A6).og, science]. Pertaining to odontology. Odontologist (o-don-to/-o jist) [bóoüç, tooth; %yoç, science]. One versed in odontology. Odontology (o-don-to/-o-je) [600üç, tooth ; 26 yog, science]. The science of dentition, or of the teeth. Odontoloxia, Odontoloxy (o-don-to-loks/-e-ah, o-don/- to-loks-e) [bóotic, a tooth ; %05óg, slanting]. Irregu- larity or obliquity of the teeth. Odontoma (o-don-to’-mah) [odoig, tooth; 5ua, tumor: pl., Odontomata]. A new formation arising in connec- tion with the teeth and presenting the structure and appearance of teeth. Odontome (o-don/-föm). See Odontoma. Odontomous (o-don/-to-mus) [bóoig, teeth; 5ua, a 887 ODONTOSMEGMA tumor]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an odontoma. Odontomys (o-don/-to-mis) [Óðoig, tooth ; piùg, mouse]. The dental pulp. Odontonecrosis (o-don-to-ne-Aro/-sis) [600üç, tooth; vékpoolç, death]. Dissolution or decay of the tissues of the teeth. See AVecrosis of the 72eth. Odontonosology (o-don-to-nos-o/-o-je) [660üç, tooth ; v6oog, disease; %yog, science]. A treatise on diseases of the teeth; also that branch of medicine that treats of diseases of the teeth. Odontoparallaxis (o-don-to-par-a/-aks/- is) [6000c, tooth; trapáž%ašug, deviation]. Irregularity of the teeth; deviation of one or more of the teeth from the natural position. Odontopathology (o-don-to-path-o/-o-je) [00oic, tooth ; Tábog, a disease; %yog, science]. The Science of diseases of the teeth. Odontopathy (o-don-top/-ath-e) [Óðoig, tooth; Tāffoc, suffering]. An abnormal or pathologic condition of the teeth, or of the organs connected with them ; dental disease. Odontoperiosteum (o-don/-to-per-e-os/-te-um ). nym of Periodonteum. Odontophatne (o-don-to-fat/-ne). Synonym of Alveolus, Odontophatnitis (o-don-to-fat-ni/-tis). Synonym of Odontoboth riºtis. Odontophore (o-don/-to-ſor) [bóoic, tooth; påpelv, to bear]. In biology, a comprehensive name for those mouth-parts of a mollusc known as rasp, radu/a, radular apparatus, buccal mass, lingual ribbon, or tongue. Odontophorous (o-don-toff’-or-us) [öðoig, tooth ; pépêty, to bear]. Bearing or having teeth. Odontophyia (o-don-to-ft/-e-ah) [Óðotic, tooth; diety, to grow]. Dentition. Odontopiester (o - don - to-pi - es’- ter) [bóoic, tooth; trueothp, squeezer]. An instrument for exerting press- ure on the teeth; it is used to relieve odontalgia. Odontoplerosis (o-don-to-ple-ro/-sis) [odoig, tooth ; TAffpoolç, filling]. The filling of teeth. Odontoprisis (o-don-to-pri’-sis) [60oic, tooth ; Tpiotç, a sawing]. Stridor dentium, or grinding of the teeth. Odontorine, Odontorrhine (o-don-to-rin/)[öðotic,tooth; bivm, file]. A tooth-file. See Aile, Demſa/ Odontorrhagia (o - don - for - a’-je - ah) [odoig, tooth; bmyvívaí, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the socket of a tooth. Syno- Odontorrheumalgia (o-don-to-ru-maſ'-je-a/) [60otic, tooth; péijua, flow ; Śāyog, pain]. Rheumatic tooth- ache. Odontorrhizophthisis (o-don-for-iz-off’-this-is) [odoúc, tooth; biša, root; ºffiotç, wasting]. Caries of the root of a tooth. Odontorthosia (o-don - tor- tho’-2e-ah) [odoic, tooth ; Öpfloatſ, a straightening]. That part of dental surgery concerned in the straightening of irregularly growing teeth. Odontoschisis (o-don-fosſ-Åis-is) [Óðoic, tooth ; axiſen', to split]. Splitting of a tooth. Odontoschism (o-don’-to-skizm) [öðotic, tooth; axi.ely, to split]. A fissure in a tooth. Odontoseisis (o-don-to-si’-sis) [öðoic, tooth ; origig, a shaking; agitation]. Looseness of the teeth, arising from partial or total destruction of the alveolar pro- cesses, caused most frequently by disease of the gums. See Zooseness of the Teeth. Odontosis (o-don-to/-sis) [600ig, tooth]. tion and development of teeth; dentition. Odontosisimus (o-don-to-sig’-im-us). See Zooseness of *he 7eeth. Odontosmegma (o-don-to-smeg/-mah) [00oig, tooth; The forma- ſº. ODONTOSPASMOS opléxeuv, to cleanse]. Anything employed for clean- ing teeth; a tooth-powder or tooth-brush. Cdontospasmos (o-don-to-spaz/-mos) [Öóoic, tooth; oraopióſ, spasm]. Convulsions from difficult den- tition. Odontosphacelis, Odontosphacelismus (o-don-to- sſasſ-el-is, o-dem-to-sſas-el-iz'-mus). Synonyms of AXental Caries. Odontosteophyte, Odontosteophyton (o-dom-tos/-te- o-fit, o-don-tos-de-off/-it-on) [bóoic, tooth ; boréov, bone; pietv, to grow]. A bony outgrowth from a tooth. Odontosteresis (o-dom-to-ster-e'-sis) [Öóoüç, tooth; otépmotg, privation]. Loss of the teeth. Odontostomatous (o-don-to-sto/-mat-us) [bóoic, tooth; otópua, mouth]. In biology, applied to animals hav- ing jaws that bite like teeth. Odontostomous (o-don-tosſ-to-mus). to storylatozes. Odontosynerismus (o-don-to-sin-er-iz'-mus) [bóoic, tooth; ovvepiſeuv, to strike together]. Chattering of the teeth. Odontotechny (o-don’-to-tek-ne) [600üç, tooth; Tāzvm, art]. Dental surgery. Odontotheca (o-don-to-theſ-Kah) [Öóoic, tooth; 6%km, case]. The follicle of a tooth. Odontotherapeia (o-don-to-ther-ap-i/-ah) [bóoic; tooth, 6epairei.euv, to heal]. See Odontotherapy. Odontotherapy (o-don-to-ther'-ap-e). Dental thera- peutics; the treatment or care of the teeth. Odontothrypsis (o-don-to-thrip'-sis). See Odontotrip- S2S. Odontotrimma (o - don - to - trim/-ah) [bóoic, tooth; Tpiupua, a pulverized substance: pl., Odontotrimmata]. A tooth-powder. Odontotripsis (o-dom-to-trip/-sis)[öðoig, tooth; Tp(3etv, to rub). The natural abrasion or wearing away of the teeth. See Abrasion of the Teeth. Odontotryphy, Odontotrypy (o-don-to/-ºf-e, o-don- tot/-rip-e) [800ic, tooth; Tovtráelv, to perforate]. The perforation of a tooth for the purpose of removing pus, or diseased pulp. Odophone (o'-do-fôm) [odor, smell, scent, odor]. A scale or gamut of odors arranged by the French chemist, Septimus Piesse. Odor (o'-dor) [L.]. A scent, Fragrance. Odoramentum (o-dor-am-en/-tum) [odoramentum, a perfume; from odorare, to perfume]. A remedy used on account of its odor. Odoration (o-dor-a/-shun) [odoratio, a smelling]. I. The act of smelling. 2. The sense of smell. Odoriferous (o-dor-if”-er-us) [odor, odor; ferre, to carry]. Bearing odor or scent. Fragrant. Odoroscope, Odorscope (o'-d'or-o-sköp, o/-dor-sköp) [odor, odor; akoteiv, to examine]. An instrument for testing odors. Odous (o/-dus) [bóoic, a tooth]. A tooth. O'Dwyer's Method. See Treatment, Methods of O’D.'s Tubes, peculiar tubes used for intubation of the larynx. -odyne, -odynia (-o-din, -o-dîn/-e-a/) [600pm, pain]. A suffix denoting pain. Odynephatous (o-din-eſ’-at-us). Synonym of Anodyne. Odynephobia (o-din-eſ-o’-be-a/) [60üvm, pain; pāj}oç, fear]. Morbid dread of pain; algophobia, Odynephorous (o-din-ef'-or-us) [60üvm, pain; hopeiv, to bear}. Producing pain. Odynphagia (o-d'in-ſa/-je-ah) to eat]. Painful deglutition, Odynuria (o-dim-uſ-re-ah) [bóüvm, pain; otpov, urine]. The painful passage of urine. CEciomania (e-ke-o-ma/-ne-ah). Same as Odon- smell or perfume. [ööövm, pain; payeiv, See Oić?omania. 888 OiDIUM. CEcium (e/-se-um) [oikíov, a house; pl., OEcia]. In biology, the special receptacle, attached to the zo- Cecium, in which the ova complete their development into larvae, in many of the Cheilostomata among Polyzoa. The ovicell. CEcoid (e/-koid). See Ecoid. CEcology (e-Åol-o'-je) [oºkoç, a house, family; Aóyog, science]. In biology, the science of vegetable and animal economy and activity as shown by their modes of life, e.g., socialism, parasitism. “The terms biology and Oecology are not interchangeable, because the latter only forms part of physiology.” (Haeckel.) CEcophobia (e-ko-fo/-be-a/). See Oikophobia. CEdema, CEdematous (e-deſ-mah, e-dem/-at-us). See Adema, Edematous. CEleoblast (e’-le-o-blast) ['éWaiov, oil; 8%aoróg, germ]. In biology, a mass of large, irregular, non-nucleated, polygonal bodies situated near the cloacal opening of Salpa and other compound Ascidians. The bodies are opaque, coarsely granular and consist of a sort of yolk-material. The function of the oeleoblast is undetermined. Vogt called it the statoblast, it is also spelled ela oblast. CEnanthylic (e-man-thi/-ić). See Enamthylic. CEnomania (e-no-ma/-ne-ah). See Anomamia. Oertel's Method. See Treatment, Methods of Oese [Ger.]. In biology, a platinum-wire needle,looped, with a glass handle, employed in bacteriologic investi- gation. CEsophagism (e-sof'-aſ-izm). CEsophagitis (e-sof-aſ-i/-tis). See Esophagitis. CEsophagus (e-sof'-ag-us). See Esophagus. CEstromania (es-tro-ma/-ne-ah). See Estromania. CEstruation (es-fru-a/-shum). See Fstruation. CEstrum (es/-trum). See Estrum. Off [ME., off, of: same as preposition of]. The name commonly applied to the animal on the right hand side of a yoke of oxen or a team of horses, or to the right side and the right fore-foot and hind-foot of a single animal; the antonym of near. O.-set, a short, rooting branch. A short stolon. Offal (off’-aw/) [ME., offal, fallen remnants]. of any kind. Official (off-is/-al) [officium, an office]. In pharmacy and materia medica, a medicine or preparation emanat- ing from and sanctioned by the pharmacopeia. Officinal (of-is/-īn-al) [officina, a workshop]. For sale in the shops; kept on sale in apothecaries’ shops; authorized in pharmacy. O. Preparations, those that are kept for sale in apothecary stores. Offspring (off’-spring) [ME., of pring, progeny] Descent; family; progeny. Ogmomele (og-mo-me/-/e) probe]. A grooved probe. Ogston's Line. See Zines, Zable of O.'s Operation, See Operations, 7able of. Ohio Scratches. Same as Army //ch. Ohm (Öm) [after Dr. G. S. Ohm, an electrician]. In electricity, the unit of resistance. Practically, it is the resistance of a pure silver wire, one meter in length and one millimeter in diameter. The theoretic or absolute unit is rootſºnrn part of the unit practically used. See A. lectric Units. O.'s Law. See Lazy. Ohmad (o'-mad) [after Dr. G. S. Ohm, an electrician]. Same as Ohm. Ohmic (o’-mié) [after Dr. G. S. Ohm, an electrician]. Pertaining to an ohm. -oid (-oid) [elóog, like]. resemblance. Oidium (o-id’’-e-um) [dim. of Øów, egg]. A genus of parasitic fungi, Oja'ium, or Ærysiphe Zuckeri, the dis. ease of the vine it causes is called white d'isease ol See Esophagismus. Refuse [öyptog, furrow ; puff??), A suffix signifying likeness or OIDTMANN'S PURGATIVE Meunier. O. albicans is found in thrush, upon the tongue. O. lactis, the white mold found on milk, bread, etc. O. tuckeri, the conidian stage of Arysyphe tuckeri. See Mildew. Oidtmann's Purgative. The rectal injection of gly- cerin, two grams. Oigopsid (oi-gop/-sid) [olyetv for avoiyetv, to open; &lptc, vision]. In biology, applied to such cephalopods as have an opening in the fibrous capsule of the eye, through which the lens projects (Zoligophes, Omma- strephes); or, the lens being absent, the capsule of the eye becomes an open cup (AVautilus). The opposite of Myopsid. Oikiomania (oi-ke-o-ma/-ne-ah) ſolkeioc, domestic; Havia, º Domestic perversity; shrewishness manifested specially in one's own home. Oikoid (oi/-koid) ſolkoç, house; eldog, like]. The stroma of red corpuscles, so called by Brücke. Oikophobia (oi - Ao-ſo" – be-ah) [oikoç, house; £680g, dread]. Morbid dread, or dislike of home, or of a house. Oil [ME., oile, oil]. A greasy liquid not miscible with water, and usually of lighter specific gravity, composed of glyceryl and a fatty acid. In a wider sense the word is applied also to mineral hydrocarbons and to solid fats. The oils are liquid or solid substances charac- terized by unctuousness to the touch, and inflamma- bility. They may be volatile or they may be non-vola- tile or fixed. The term is also applied to any oily substance, as oil of vitriol, g. v. See also Oleum. O. of Allspice, an aromatic oil, and a constituent of bay-rum. Dose mij-vj. See Pimenta. O. of Almond, an essential volatile oil from almond kernels, used as a perfume in dermatology, and in making Ongwentum aquae rosae. See Amygdala. Dose mu%—j. O. of Amber, an essential oil. It is a stimulant, anti- spasmodic, and diuretic internally, and externally an irritant and rubefacient. Dose gtt. v-x. See Succinum. O. of American Wormwood. See O. of Chemopo- dium. O. of Anda, an essential oil from Joannesia princeps. It is a purgative. IDose gtt. l—lxx. O. of Anise, a volatile oil ; it is an ingredient of paregoric. Dose muj—w. O. of Asafetida, a volatile oil; a car- minative and antispasmodic. Dose gtt, j-ij. O.- bag, in biology, a bag or cyst containing oil. O., Banks, an unrefined cod-liver oil obtained from the livers which are allowed to putrefy in barrels on the ships. It is darker and more offensive than the better oils. O. of Basil, a flavoring agent. O. of Bay, a narcotic volatile oil from the berries of Zaurus no- bilis. O. of Bayberry, an oil from the leaves of Myrica acris, used in the manufacture of bay-rum. O. of Ben, a fixed oil from the seeds of A/oringa pterygosperma, it is used internally as a purgative, and externally in gout and rheumatism. O. of Ben- zoin, an essential oil used in perfumery. O. of Bergamot, a volatile oil from the fruit of Citrus bergamia, used in the manufacture of perfumes. O. of Black Mustard, a fixed oil from the seeds of Sîn- apis migra. It is used in pharmacy and as a car- minative. Dose mu%–34. See Sinapis. O. of Black Pepper, a volatile oil from the unripe fruit of Piper migrum. Externally it is an irritant; internally, a carminative, Dose mu){-j. See Piper. O.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of O., Bone, a volatile product obtained by the dry distillation of bones. O., British, a rubefacient liniment. It is a variety of petroleum. O. of Cade, an oil derived from the wood of /uniperus communis, and used in derma- tology. See /uniper. O. of Cajuput, a volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Leußadendron cajupuri. Its actions are similar to those of O. of 77erpentine. 889 OIL Dose muj-v. O.-cake, a side-product obtained in the manufacture of oils. It is a compacted mass of crushed seeds or nuts, from which the oil has been expressed or extracted. It contains all of the woody fiber and mineral matter of the seed or nut, the resi- due of oil or fatty matter not extracted, and, that which gives it special value, the proteids or nitrogenous constituents. It is a most valuable cattle-food and is used as a basis for artificial fertilizers. The following table gives the composition of a number of the most important oil-cakes (Sadler's /naustrial Organic Chemistry). O. of Calamus, a volatile oil from the # * : ; i : i ; | à i Earth-nut cake, II.5o 8.8o 3I. Io 7.25 || 41.35 6. 8 O Cotton-seed cake, 13.00 || 7.50 || 51.00 8.5o 20.00 2.90 Rape-oil cake, Io. I2 | 9.23 41.93 6.48 31.88 5.00 Colza-oil cake, II.35 | 9.00 42.82 6.28 30.55 4.5o Sesame-oil cake, Io.35 Io. IO | 38.8o 9.8o 31.93 5.oo Beech-nut cake, II.40 8.5o 49.8o sº zoo 3.2O Linseed cake, Io.56 9.83 44.61 6.5o 28.50 4.25 Camelina cake, 9.60 | 9.20 50.90 7.00 || 23.30 || 3.60 Poppy-oil cake, 9.5o 8.90 37.67 II.43 32.50 5.00 Sunflower-oil cake, Io.20 8.50 || 48.90 II.40 21. Oo 2.40 Hempseed cake, Io.oo 8.26 48.00 I2.24 21.50 3.30 Palm-nut cake, 9.50 | 8.43 | 40.95 Io.62 30.40 4.50 Cocoa-nut cake, Io.oo 9.20 40.5o 10.5o 30.00 || 4.50 root of Acorus calamus. It is a stomachic. O. of Camomile, from the flowers of Anthem is meðiſis. It is a stomachic. O., Camphorated, one impregnated with camphor; a solution of camphor in olive-oil. See Camphor. O. of Camphorwood, an essential oil from Dryobalanops aromatica. Its properties are similar to those of camphor. O., Canadian, oil of winter-green. O. of Cananga, an essential oil from the flowers of Camanga odorata, used in the manufac. ture of perfumery. O. of Caraway, a volatile oil from the fruit of Carum carzyń. It is a carminative and flavoring agent. Dose muj-v. See Carum. O. of Cardamom, a volatile oil from the seeds of Æ/ef- faria cardamomum. It is a carminative. O. of Car- maru, a fixed oil from the fruit of Differyx ebošnsis. It is used in manufacturing perfumes. O., Carron, a useful application to burns, consisting of equal or nearly equal parts of linseed-oil and lime-water. It is named after the Carron iron-works in Scotland, where it was first employed. O. of Cassia, an essen- tial oil from the bark and buds of Cassia ſigned, used in making perfumery, O. of Castonha, a fixed oil from Brazil-nuts, used in making perfumery. O., Castor, a fixed oil from the seeds of A'icinzes com/- munis, used as a purgative. Dose 5 ss. See K'icinus. O. of Celery, an essential oil from the fruit and leaves of Apirem grazeo/ens. It has emmenagogic properties, See Aſium. O., Cedar, a fragrant oil obtained from the red Virginia cedar, used in microscopy as a clari- fying agent. O., Chabert, an oil consisting of OIL 890 3 parts of oil of turpentine and I of animal oil. It is used as is O. of Złużentine. O. of Chaulmoogra, a fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Gynocardia odorata. It is used in dermatology and rheumatism. Dose gtt. V-x. O. of Chenopodium, a volatile oil derived from the fruit of Chenopodium anthel/ai/zzicza”. It is an efficient anthelmintic. Dose muw-xv. O. of Cinnamon, a volatile oil from the bark of Cin- namomum zeylanicum. It is used in medicine and perfumery. Dose gtt. j—v. O. of Cloves, an essen- tial oil from cloves. It is used in histology, dentistry, and perfumery. O., Cod-liver. See Morrhua. O. Color. See Pigments, Colors and Dyestuffs. O. of Copaiba, a volatile oil from the Balsamum copaiba. It is used as a diuretic. Dose mux–xv. O. of Cori- ander, a volatile oil from the fruit of Coriandrum sativum. It is a carminative. Dose mij–v. O., Croton, a fixed oil from the seeds of Croton tiglii. It is a purgative. Dose m 9%—ij. O. of Cubeb, a volatile oil from the fruit of Piper cubeba. It is a stimulant diuretic. Dose mu v-xx. O., Dead, a heavy oil. O., Drying, one that on drying loses its oily properties and becomes a transparent flexible solid. Such oils are used as bases of paints and var- nishes. O., Dugong, an oil from the blubber of dugongs, used sometimes as a substitute for cod- liver oil. O.-emulsion, an emulsion containing ex- pressed oil of almonds I5 parts; acacia 15 parts, syrup of acacia 20 parts; orange-flower water I5 parts, and water IOO parts. O. of Ergot, a fixed oil from the ergot of rye. It is an echolic. See AErgot. O. of Erigeron, a volatile oil from the herb AErigeron cazzadense. Its action is the same as that of oil of turpentine. Dose mu x–3 ss. O., Essential, a vola- tile oil, so called because it contains the essence or active principle of the plant. O., Ethereal, heavy oil of wine, q.v., also an essential oil. O. of Euca- lyptus, a volatile oil from E. globulus, and other species of Eucalyptus. It is an antiseptic and stom- achic. Dose mu v-xxx. O. of Eulachon, an oil from the blubber of candle-fish, used as a substitute for cod-liver oil. O. of Euphorbia, a cathartic oil from the seeds of Euphorbia Zathyris. O., Fatty, a fixed oil. The fatty oils, as distinguished from the mineral oils and the volatile oils, belong to the class of compound ethers. They are salt-like bodies, com- posed of characteristic acids (oleic, palmitic, and stearic), known as fatty acids, in combination with an alcohol or base. In most cases the base is the tri- atomic alcohol, glycerin, so that the oils are said to be glycerids of the several fatty acids. Some few, known as waxes, do not contain glycerin, but, instead, a monatomic alcohol in combination with the fatty acid. Most of the animal and vegetable fats contain three proximate constituents, olein, palmitin and stearin, the combinations of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids respectively with glycerin. In the more liquid oils the olein predominates, in the more solid, palmitin or stearin. The so-called “drying oils '' contain a different acid—linoleic acid—in combination with glycerin. The fish-oils contain a variety of the lower fatty acids and some solid unsaponifiable alcohols like cholesterin. The most satisfactory classification of the oils and fats, is that of A. H. Allen, which is here given in abstract. I. Olive-oil Group.–Vegetable oleins. Vegetable non-drying oils. These are lighter than the oils of groups II, III, and IV, and yield solid elaidins with nitrous acid. The group includes olive, almond, earth-nut, ben, rape-seed, and mustard oils. II. Cotton- seed-of/ Group.—Intermediate between drying and non-drying oils. These oils undergo more or less dry- ing on exposure and yield little or no elaidin. This OIL group includes cotton-seed, sesamé, sun-flower, hazel- nut, and beech-nut oils. III. Zinseed-oil Group.– Vegetable drying oils that yield no elaidin. They are of less viscosity than the non-drying oils. This group includes linseed, hemp-seed, poppy-seed, niger- seed, and walnut oils. IV. Castor-oiſ Group.–Medi- cinal oils. These are very viscous and of high density. The group includes castor and croton oils. V. Falm-oi/ Group.–Solid vegetable ſats, which do not contain notable quantities of glycerids of the lower fatty acids. The group includes palm-oil, cacao-butter, nutmeg- butter, and shea-butter. VI. Cocoanut-oil Group.– Solid vegetable fats, in part wax-like. Several of these oils contain notable proportions of the glycerids of the lower fatty acids. The group includes cocoanut-oil, palm-nut-oil, laurel-oil, Japan wax, and myrtle-wax. VII. Zard-oil Group.–Animal oleins, which do not dry notably on exposure, and which yield solid elaidins with nitrous acid. The group includes neat's-foot oil, bone-oil, lard-oil, and tallow-oil. VIII. Zallow Group. —Solid animal fats. These are predominantly glycer- ids of palmitic and stearic acids, although butter con- tains lower glycerids. The group includes tallow, lard, bone-fat, wool-fat, butter-fat, oleomargarin, and man- ufactured stearin. IX. Whale-oil Group.—Marine animal oils, characterized by offensive odor, and a reddish-brown color when treated with caustic soda. The group includes whale, porpoise, seal, menhaden, cod - liver, and shark-liver oils. X. Sperm-oil Group.–Liquid waxes that are not glycerids but ethers of monatomic alcohols. They yield solid elai- dins. The group includes sperm-oil, bottle-nose-oil, and dolphin-oil. XI. Spermaceti Group, —Waxes proper. These are compound ethers of the higher monatomic alcohols, with the higher fatty acids in a free state. The group includes spermaceti, beeswax, Chinese wax, and carnauba wax. O. of Fennel, a volatile oil from the fruit of Famiculum. officinale. It is a carminative, and is also used in perſumery. Dose m, ii-V. O., Fixed, a fatty acid; one of certain bodies soluble in ether and chloroform, and obtained by ex- pression from various organic substances. See O., Aatty. O. of Galanga, a volatile oil from the root of Alpinia officinarum. O. of Garlic, an essential oil formerly used in medicine. It is derived from the bulbs of Allium sativum. O. of Geranium, an essen- tial oil from species of Pelangonium, used in the manufacture of perfumery. O. of Ginger, an essen- tial oil from the roots of Zingiber officinale. It is a carminative and flavoring agent. Dose mu 34—j. O.- gland, the uropygial gland of birds, secreting the oil used in dressing their plumage. O.-globules, in microscopy, are prepared by beating a small drop of clove oil with mucilage. In focusing up with central light, the bright center of the globule is clearest last. With oblique light the bright spot will appear on the side toward the mirror. O., Grain, amyl alcohol. O., Gray, an oily substance or ointment made by triturating mercury with oil or liquid paraffin. The quantity of mercury varies from I to 33 per cent. O. of Hazel, a fixed oil from hazel-nuts used in the manufacture of perfumes. O., Heavy, the substances distilled from benzene at between 2 Io° and 400° C. O., Heavy (of wine), the product obtained when alco- hol is treated with an excess of sulphuric acid. It con- sists of several ethers and other compounds. O. of Hedeoma, oil of pennyroyal, a volatile oil from the leaves and tops of Hedeoma pºlegioides. It is a carminative, and is used externally to drive away mosquitoes. Dose mu iſ—x. O.-immersion, the use of oil as the medium between the objective and the cover-glass. O., Infused, a class of medicated oils, OIL 891 (olea infusa, N. F.), prepared by digesting a drug in ammoniated oil and alcohol, the ammonia and alco- hol being evaporated in the process. O. of Jas- mine, an essential oil from Jasminum odoratissimum, used in perfumery. O. of Jatropha, a purgative oil derived from the seeds of Jatropha purgans. O. of Jonquin, an essential oil from the flowers of Mar- cissus jonquilla, used in perfumery. O. of Juniper, a volatile oil from the berries of Juniperus communis. It is a diuretic and diaphoretic. Dose mu v-xx. O. of Lavender, a volatile oil from species of Zavandula used as a carminative and flavoring agent. Dose m.j—v. O. of Lemon, a volatile oil from the rind of lemons. It is used in perfumery, and as a flavoring agent. . Dose muj-v. O., Light, the distillates of benzene at between IIo9 and 210°C. O. of Lilies, an essential oil from the flowers of Lilium candidum, used in perfumery. O., Linseed. See Oleum lini. O. of Mace, an essential oil from Myristica officinalis, used as a carminative and flavoring agent, and in per- fumery. O. of Marjoram, an essential oil from Ori- gamum majorama used in perfumery. O., Menhaden, an oil from the blubber of menhaden, used as a sub- stitute for cod-liver oil. O., Middle, the distillation- products of benzene between 170° and 230° C. O. of Mignonet, an essential oil from the flowers of A'eseda odorata used in perfumery. O., Mineral, re- fined petroleum. O. of Mint, an essential oil from Mentha viridis, used as a carminative, and in per- fumery. Dose muij—v. O. of Mirbane. See Mir- bane. O. of Morrhua. See Morrhaea. O. of Mustard. See Sinapis. O. of Myrrh, an essential oil from gum myrrh. O. of Myrtle, an essential oil from Myrtus communis, used in perfumery. O., Neatsfoot, a lubricant oil from the feet of neat cattle. O. of Neroli, an essential oil from the flowers of bitter orange, used as a perfume. O., Nobel’s Explosive, nitroglycerin. O., Non-drying, a non-oxidizing oil, such as almond oil. O., Olive. See Olive. O. of Orange. See Orange. O. of Orris, an essential oil from the roots of Iris ſtorentina, used as a perfume and flavoring agent. O., Ozonized, an oil containing ozone. Ozonized oil of turpentine is an antidote in phosphorus-poisoning. O., Palm. See Palm. O., Parsley. See Apiol. O. of Pennyroyal, an essen- tial oil from Hedeoma pulegioides. It is a stimulant, emmenagogue, and carminative, and is also used to keep away mosquitoes. Dose gtt. ii-x. O. of Pep- per, the volatile oil from the seeds of Piper migrum. O. of Peppermint, the volatile oil from Memtha pip- erita. It is a carminative, anodyne, and antiseptic. Dose gtt. j-iij. O., Phosphorated, an oil charged with phosphorus. O. of Pimenta, a volatile oil from the fruit of Pimenta officinalis. It is a carminative. Dose gtt. ij-vj. O., Provence, an olive-oil of supe- rior quality. O., Rock, petroleum. See Petrolatum. O. of Rose, an essential oil from the fresh flowers of Aºosa damascena. It is used as a perfume. See Attar of Aºose. O. of Rosemary, the essential oil from the flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis. It is a car- minative and anodyne. Dose gtt, j-ij. O. of Rue, the essential oil derived from Auſa graveolens. It is a vermifuge and emmenagogue. Dose gtt, j-v. O. of Sage, a volatile oil derived from Salvia officina/is. It is used as a mouth-wash in stomatitis. O. of San- dalwood, Oleum santali, distilled from the wood of Santalum album. It is used in gonorrhea. Dose gtt. x–xx. O. of Sassafras, a volatile oil from the wood of Sassafras officinale. It is a carminative. Dose gtt. ii—x. O.-seed, castor-bean; the seed of the Ricinzes commzenis. O., Shore, cod-liver oil pre- pared on shore; it is the finest quality. O. of Spear- OLECRANARTHROCACE mint, an essential oil from Mentha viridis. It is a carminative. Dose gtt. ii-V. O., Sperm, a yellow- ish oil derived from the A/lyseter macrocepha/us. It is used as a lubricant. O. of Spermaceti, derived from spermaceti. O., Straits, the first oil obtained by the exposure of the livers of cod-fish to the sun in casks, on board the ships. O., Sweet. See Oleum olivac. O.-sugar. See Oleo-saccharum. O. of Tansy, an essential oil derived from Zanacetum vulgare. It is used as an emmenagogue and oxytocic. O. of Tar, Oleum picis liquidae, obtained from wood-tar. It has been largely used in dermatology. See Pir. O. of Thyme, a volatile oil from Thymus vulgaris. It yields Thymol on oxidation. O. of Tobacco, an empyreu- matic oil from tobacco, formerly used as an application to ulcers. O.-tube, in biology, a longitudinal canal filled with aromatic oil, found in certain fruits. O., Virgin, the finest variety of olive-oil, made from olives that are not quite ripe. O., Volatile, or essential oi/, is one characterized by a pungent, aromatic odor. These oils usually vaporize at ordinary temperatures, and leave no permanent stain on paper. O., Whale. See under O., Fatty. O. of Wintergreen, an essential oil from the leaves of Gault/teria procumbens. It is used in chronic cystitis and rheumatism. Dose gtt. V—X. Oinomania (oi-no-ma/-ne-ah). Methomania. Ointment (oint/-ment). See Unguentum. O., Ban- yer’s, an ointment used in chronic eczema and favus. It is composed of calomel, 2 drams; burnt alum and carbonate of lead, each 4 drams; Venice turpentine, See Azzomarzia and 6 drams; spermaceti ointment, I }4 ounces. O., Cyrillo’s, used by inunction in syphilis. It con. sists of perchlorid of mercury, 4 parts; lard, 32 parts. O., Maury’s, an ointment largely used as an applica- tion to chronic ulcers. It contains one dram of nitrate of mercury and half a dram each of powdered opium and rhubarb to an ounce of simple ointment. Okada, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymafic Table of * Okenian Bodies [after Lorenz Ożem, the naturalist, Jena, 1779–1851]. Okem’sche Körper, a name ap- plied by Rathke to the primitive kidneys or Wolffian bodies. Old (old) [ME., old, old]. Advanced in life; having many years. O. Age, senility; senectus. Olea (o'-le-ah) [š%ata, the olive-tree]. I. A genus of trees. See Olive. 2. Plural of Oleum, g. v. O. in- fusa, infused oils. Oleaginous (o-le-a/-in-us) [oleum, oil]. Oily. Oleamen (o-le-a/-men) [L. : pl., Oleamina]. An oily, soft ointment or liniment. Oleander (o-le-an/-der). See Aerium. Oleandrin (o-le-an/-drin) [a corruption from olea, olive- tree; laurus, laurel]. A poisonous alkaloid from AVerzzzzzz oleazzaler. Oleate (o'-le-āt) [oleum, oil: pſ., Oleaſa]. A salt formed from oleic acid. A mixture of oleic acid with certain medicinal principles. There are three official oleates in pharmacy, oleafrºm hydrargyri, oſed- tum veratrinae, and oleaſeſ m zinci, neither of which is a definite chemic compound. The o/eaſum aconifina, oleatum plumbi, and oſeaftem quininae are recognized in the National Formulary. Olecranal, Olecranial (o.ſe/./-ran-al, o-ſek-ra’-ne-a/) [Ö%ékpavov, the head of the elbow]. Pertaining to the olecranon. Olecranarthritis (o-ſek - ran - ar-thri' - tis)[Ö2ékpavoy, head of elbow; ſp?pop, joint; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the elbow-joint. Olecranarthrocace, Olecranocace(o-le/-ram-arth-roA/- OLECRANOID as-e, 0-le/4-ran-o.8/-as-e) [6%ékpavov, the head of the elbow; apºpov, joint; Kakóg, evil]. Inflammation of the elbow-joint. Olecranoid (o-lek/- ran -oid) [6%ékpavov, head of the elbow; elóoc, like]. Resembling the olecranon. O. Fossa, the fossa at the dorsal side of the distal end of the humerus for the reception of the olecranon. Olecranon (o-ſek/-ram-on) [6%ékpavov; 6%évm, elbow; Kpávtov, head]. The large process forming the head of the ulna. Olefiant Gas (o-lef’-e-ant)[oleum, oil; ficare, to make]. Heavy oil of carbon. See Ethylene. Olefin (o'-leſ-in) [oleum, oil; ficare, to make]. The name of a series of unsaturated hydrocarbons contain- ing two hydrogen atoms less than the paraffins or ethanes, CaFIgn. They are produced with paraffins in the dry distillation of many complicated carbon compounds; hence their presence in illuminating gas and in tar-oils. The lower members of the series are gases; the intermediate members, ethereal liquids; the higher (from Cls Hs, up), solids. They boil at points a few degrees higher than the corresponding paraffins. For Zable of Oleſins see under Hydrocarbon. Oleic Acid (o'-le-ik). See Acid. Oleiferous (o-le-iſ/-er-us) [oleum, oil; ferre, to bear]. Producing oil. Olein (o/-/e-in) ſoleum, oil], Cs, Hio Os. One of the most widely distributed of the natural fats; the trioleic ether of glyceryl. It is a colorless oil at ordinary temperatures, with little odor and a faint sweetish taste, insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Oleo- (o'-le-o-) [oleum, oil]. A prefix to denote con- nection with or relation to an oil. Oleomargarin (o-le-o-mar/-gar-in) [oleum, oil; uáp- yapoc, the pearl oyster]. Butterin ; an artificial butter made by removing the excess of stearin from tallow or suet (or from lard in winter seasons), and flavoring the residue with the natural flavoring-prin- ciple of butter. The fat is melted at a temperature not exceeding I IO* F.—otherwise the product becomes granular and coarse—and in cooling, the excess of Stearin is separated by crystallization; the remainder is oleomargarin. When prepared from pure materials, the artificial product is less liable to become rancid than ordinary dairy butter, being free from the bacteria frequently found in the latter. The following analysis of oleomargarin is given by Dr. Bell — ANALYSIS OF OLEOMARGARIN OR BUTTERIN. ºr . . - º [I. {- e #2 | 3 || | *š 2 E 36 to B tº O § { ; : B | 3 | g (53 33 || 3 | . ; H. -, p. || 0 || 0 # * | f ; ; ; # | f : 3:. g: 33 , , « # C tº ſix §§ ºn (I. J) " A- ſh- > 1430. 3.81 O.48 81.4I | 903.84 94.34 820 11.2 1.70 I.73 85.36 902.34 94.83 o.66 780 12.33 400 I.O.9 82.58 || 903. I5 95.04 O.47 790 5.32 | 1.09 o.67 92.92 | 903.79 || 96.29 O.23 8 Io I.3.2 I 3.99 I.O7 81.73 901.36 95.60 o. 16 780 892 Oleometer (o-le-om/-eſ-er) [oleum, oil; uérpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for ascertaining the weight and purity of oil. Oleoresin (o-le-o-reg/-in)[oleum, oil: resina, resin ; pl., Oleoresinae]. In pharmacy, a preparation consisting OLFACTORY chiefly of a mixture of natural oils and resins extracted from vegetables by percolation with stronger ether. There are six official oleoresinae. - Oleosaccharum (o-le-o-sak-ar/-um) [oleum, oil; oak- Žapov, sugar; pl. , Oleosacchara]. " An oil-sugar; a preparation made by saturating thirty grains of sugar with one drop of volatile oil. Oleose (o'-le-oz) [oleosus, oily]. Oily. Oleosity (o-le-osſ-it-e) [oleosus, oily]. being oily or fatty. Oleous (o'-le-us) [oleosus, oily]. character of oil. Olera (o-ſer’-a/) ſolus, a pot-herb]. In biology, the name given by early botanists to the kitchen-herbs. Oleraceous (o-ſer-a/-se-us) [olus, a pot-herb ; oleraceus, resembling herbs]. Esculent, as a pot-herb. Oleum (o'-le-um) [L. : pl., Olea]. See Oil. O. aethereum, ethereal oil, a volatile liquid consisting of equal volumes of heavy oil of wine, and ether. O. catharticum, oil of juniper. See /uniper. O. ceta- ceum, whale-oil. O. cinereum. See Gray Oil. O. fagi, the empyreumatic oil of beech, useful in various skin-diseases. Unof. O. phosphoratum. See Oi!, Phosphorated, and Phosphorus. O. rusci, Russian oil; the empyreumatic oil of birch, useful in various skin-diseases. Unof. O. terrae, rock-oil. Olfaction (olfakſ-shun) [olfacere, to smell]. The function of smelling. Olfactive (ol-ſa/-tiv) [olſacere, to smell]. Synonym of Oſfactory. O. Angle, the angle formed by the line of the olfactory fossa and the os planum of the sphen- oid bone. Olfactometer (o/ſak-tom/-et-er)[olfactus, smell; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the power of smell in any given case. Olfactor (o//a4/-for) [olſacere, to smell]. A unit of olfactory sensibility. Olfactory (ol-fak/-to-re) [olſacere, to smell]. Pertaining to the sense or organ of smell. O. Angle. See Offactive Angle. O. Bulb. See Bulb. O. Cells. The cells of the nasal fossae forming the peripheral end-organs of the olfactory apparatus. O. Center, the cerebral center that appreciates Smell, supposed by Munk to be in the hippocampal gyrus. O. Cleft, a slit between the tip of the middle turbinated bone and the nasal septum. O. Clubs, the clavilla marginales, or condyli marginales of medusae. O. Foramina. See Foramina, Table of. O. Fossa. See The property of Oily; having the Fossa. O. Ganglion, the olfac- tory bulb. O. Glomeruli. See ſl Glomerulus. O. Groove. See O. Sulcus. O. Lobe, the olfac- tory tubercle, tract, bulb, and © roots, considered as a whole. O. O Membrane, the mucous mem- brane of the nose. O. Nerve (Stirling). See AVerves, Table of O. Pit, the primitive ectodermal invagination to become the nasal cavity. O. Plate, one of the two areas of thickened ecto- derm immediately above the primi- tive oral cavity, and in contact with the wall of the fore-brain; it is the earliest indication of the nasal mucous membrane. O. Region, the area of dis- tribution of the olfactory nerve. O. Roots, the regions connecting the olfactory tract with the cerebral hemi- spheres. O. Sulcus, the furrow for the olfactory tract OLFACTORY CELLs. N. From hunman be- ing., n. From frog. E. Supporting cell. OLIBANUM and bulb on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and on the orbital surface of the cerebral hemispheres. O. Tract, the central portion of the olfactory lobe, ter- minating anteriorly in the olfactory bulb, and posteri- orly in the olfactory tubercle. O. Trigone, a triangu- lar gray area forming the base of the O. Tuber. O. Tuber, O. Tubercle. See Tuber. O. Ventricle, a prolongation of the cavity of the lateral ventricle into the olfactory lobe. It is rarely found in the adult brain, though present in the fetus and in most animals. Olibanum (o-lib'-am-um) [Ar., al-Jubăn, frankincense]. A gum-resin produced by various Asiatic and E. Afri- can trees, mainly of the genus Boswellia ; true frank- incense. It is now little used, except in certain plasters and as a fumigant. Unof. Olibene (o/-iö-èn) [Ar., al-'uéân, frankincense], Cio- Hig. A hydrocarbon found in oil of olibanum. Oligaemia (ol-ig-e/-me-a/h). See Oligemia. Oligandrous (ol-ig-an/-drus) [6%tyoc, few ; āvāp, a male]. In biology, having few stamens. Oliganthous (ol-ig-an/-thus) [6%iyog, few ; Śiv6og, a flower]. In biology, having few flowers. Oligarch (o/-ig-aré) ['OAiyapketa, contentment with little]. n biology, containing few fibro-vascular bundles; applied also to fibro-vascular bundles that have few rays. - - Oligemia (ol-ig-e'-me-ah) [6%iyog, scant; alpa, blood]. A diminished quantity of the blood. O. hypal- buminosa, diminution in the proteids of the blood. O. sicca, diminution in the volume of blood by loss of water. O. vera, diminution in the quantity of the blood, as a whole. Oligemydria (ol-ig-em-id/-re-ah). dremia. - Olighydria (ol-ig-hi’-dre-ah) [6%tyoc, scanty; ióop, water]. Deficiency of the fluids of the body. Oligo- (ol/-īg-o-)[öAiyog, few I. A prefix that signifies want or deficiency. - Oligoblennia (ol-ig-o-blen/-e-ah) [8%iyog, little; 32.Évva, mucus]. A deficient secretion of mucus. Oligocardia (ol-ig-o-kar'-de-ah) [8%tyoc, few ; Kapóía, heart]. Abnormal smallness of the heart. Oligocarpous (ol-ig-o-kar/-pus) [8%tyoc, few ; Kaprág, fruit]. In biology, having few fruits. Oligocatantes (ol-ig-o-Mat-an/-tez) [óżiyog, scant; Karávt/c, steep). Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and the staphylion is between 20° and 23°. Oligocholia (o/-ig-o-ko'-le-ah) [0%tyoc, few ; x0%, bile]. A deficiency of bile. Oligochromemia (ol-ig-o-Aro-me/-me-ah) [6%tyoc, few ; Apóga, color; alpa, blood]. Deficiency of hemo- globin in the blood. Oligochromemic (ol-ig-o-Aro-me/-mić) [8%tyoc, few ; Apôua, color; alpa, blood]. Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, oligochromemia. Oligochrosis (o/-ig-o-Aro/-sis) [6%iyog, few ; Apôoug, a coloring]. Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood- corpuscles. . Oligochylia (ol-ig-o-ki/-le-ah) [8%tyoc, scant; xv.266, chyle]. A deficiency of chyle. Oligochymia (ol-ig-o-ki/-me-ah) [8%iyog, scant; Yvuóg, juice]. A deficiency of chyme. Oligocopria (o/-ig-o-kop/-re-ah) [6%fyog, few ; kótſpoc, excrement]. Deficiency of excrement. Oligocystic (ol-ig-o-sis/-tié) [äätyoc, few ; küorg, cyst]. Having few cysts or open spaces. Oligocythemia (o/-ig-o -si- theſ-me-ah) [6%tyoc, few ; kºtoc, cell; aipia, blood]. A deficiency of red cor- puscles in the blood; a symptom of nearly all forms of anemia, but especially of pernicious anemia. Synonym of Anhy- 893 OLIGOTRICHIA Oligodacrya (ol-ig-o-da/-re-ah) [8%tyoc, few ; 6ákpvov, tear]. Deficiency of the tears. Oligodactylia (o/-ig- o - dak - til/- e - ah) [6%tyoc, few ; ôākrvãoç, finger]. A condition characterized by a deficiency of fingers. Oligoerythrocythemia (ol-ig-o-er-ith-ro-si-theſ-me-ah) [ö%iyog, scanty; £pv6póg, red; Kitoc, cell; aipa, blood]. Deficiency of the coloring-matter of the red corpuscles of the blood. Oligogalactia (ol-ig-o-gal-ak/-te-ah) [6%iyog, scant; yáža, milk]. Deficiency in the secretion of milk. Oligohemia (o/-ig-o-he/-me-ah). See Oligemia. Oligohydramnios (o/-ig-o-hi - dram/- me - os) [5%iyog, scant; £6ap, water; apavíov, the amnion]. A de- ficiency in the quantity of the amniotic fluid. It is a rare condition, occurring once in 3OOO or 4000 pregnancies. Oligohydria (ol-ig-o-hiſ-dre-ah). Same as Olighydria. Oligokatantes (o/-ig-o-kat-an/-tez). See Oligocatantes. Oligomania (o/-ig-o-ma/-ne-ah) [6%iyog, few ; Havia, madness]. Insanity with delusions relating to a few subjects. Cf. Oligopsychia. Oligomenorrhea (o/-ig-o-men-or-e'-ah) [6%iyog, few ; puffy, month; bota, flow]. Insufficiency of the men- strual flow. Oligomerous (ol-ig-om/-er-us) [Ö%iyog, few ; piépoc, part]. In biology, having few segments, somites, members, or metameres. Oligopepsia (ol-ig-o-pep’-se-ah) [8%iyog, scant; Tépig, digestion]. Feebleness of digestion. Oligopetalous (ol-ig-o-pez/-a/-zes) [8%iyog, few ; Téražov, a petal]. In biology, having only a few petals. Oligophyllous (ol-ig-off’-il-us) [0%iyog, few ; pižov, a leaf J. In biology, having few leaves. Oligopionia (ol-ig-o-pi-o'-ne-ah) [6%iyog, scant; Tiov, fat]. Wasting; emaciation. Oligopodous (o/-īg-op’-o-dus) [6%iyog, few ; Toíg, a foot]. In biology having only a few feet. Oligoposia (ol-ig-o-po/-2e-ah) [8%iyog, scanty; Tôoug, drink]. Defective desire for drinking. Oligopsychia (ol-ig-of-si/-Åe-a/a) [6%tyoc, scant; puză, mind.]. Fatuity; imbecility. Oligopyrenemia (ol- ig- or pi- ren - e^- me -a/ ) [ö%íyog, scanty; Tupív, a fruit-stone; alpa, blood]. Deficiency of red corpuscles in the blood. Oligoria (o/-ig-o'-re-a/) [0%iyog, few, scant; opa, heed, notice]. Susceptibility to but few mental impres- Sions; oligopsychia. Oligosepalous (o/-īg-o-sep/-a/-us) [6%iyog, few ; sepa- Ziem, a sepal]. In biology, having only a few sepals. Oligosialia (o/-ig-o-si-a/-le-ah) [6%iyog, scant; atážov, salivaj. Deficiency of saliva. Oligospermatic (o/-īg-o-sper-maf '-ić) [0%iyog, scant; otépua, seed]. Pertaining to oligospermia. Oligospermia (ol-ig-o-sper’-me-ah) ['Wiyoc, scant; otépua, seed]. A deficiency in the secretion of Sennen. Oligospermism (o/-ig-o-sperm/-īzm). See Oligospermia. Oligospermous (o/-ig-o-sper’-mus)[Ö%iyog, few ; GTépua, seed]. In biology, having few seeds. Oligospondylous (o/-īg-o-sponſ-diſ-us) [6%/yoc, few ; otövővãog, vertebra]. Having fewer vertebrae than normal. Oligosteatosis (ol-ig-o-ste-at-of-sis) [6%(yog, scant; otéap, tallow]. Deficiency of the sebaceous secre- tion. Oligostemonous (o/-ig-o-ste/-/non-us) [8%tyoc, few ; othpov, stamen]. Same as Oligandrous. Oligotokous (o/-īg-o/-o-kus) [Öziyog, few ; Tſºtetv, Tekelv, to bear.] In biology, producing few at a birth. Oligotrichia (o/-ig-o-frik/-e-ah) [0%iyog, few, scant” Öpiš, hair]. Scantiness or thinness of the hair. OLIGOTROPHOUS Oligotrophous (ol-ig-o!’-ro-fus) [6%iyoc, scant; Tpoºh, nourishment]. Only slightly nutritious. Oligotrophy (ol-ig-o/-ro-ſe) [6%tyoc, few ; Tpopff, nour. ishment]. Defective or imperfect nutrition. Oligozoöspermia (o/-ig-o-go-o-sperº-me-ah) [5%tyoc, few : 'joy', animal; otépua, seed]. Abnormal few. ness of the spermatozoa. Oliguresis (o/-īg-te-re’-sis). See Oliguria. Oliguria (olºg-tº-re-a/) [ö%iyoc, scanty; oipov, urine]. A diminution in the quantity of urine excreted. Oligydria (o/-ig-id’-re-ah) [6%tyoc, scanty; Sweat]. Ischidrosis; a deficiency in the sweat. Olisthema (ol-is-the-mah) [5%totávely, to slip]. Dislo- Cation. Oliva (o-leſ-vah) [L.]. The olivary body of the brain. Olivaceous (o/-iv-a/-se-us) [oliva, olive]. In biology, olive-green. Olivae, Oleum (o-le/-ve o'-le-um). Olivary (ol/-iv-a-ſe) [o/iza, olive]. Pertaining to an olive ; like an olive. In anatomy, pertaining to the oliva. O. Bodies, the olive-shaped bodies laterad of the anterior pyramids of the medulla oblongata. O. Eminence, the small, rounded, transverse prom- inence of the body of the sphenoid bone immediately cephalad of the pituitary fossa. O. Fasciculus. See Fasciculus. O. Nucleus, the corpus dentatum of the olivary body. O. Peduncle, the mass of fibers entering the hilum of the olivary body. O. Process. See Arocess. Olive (o/-īv) ſoliva, an olive]. I. The olive-tree. 2. The fruit of the olive-tree. 3. The Olivary Body, 7. v. O.-oil, Oleum olivara, Sweet Oil, Salad Oil, the oil expressed from the fruit of Olea europaea. The purest oil is nearly inodorous, pale-yellow, with a pure oily taste, and a specific gravity of .918 at I5° C. It does not decompose or become rancid easily, and congeals at 32° F. to a granular solid mass. It is used extensively as an article of food or condiment, in pharmacy, as an illuminant and lubri- cant, in soap-making, and as a cathartic in the place of castor oil. Oliver, Sign of. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of: O.'s Test. See 7&s/s, 7able of Oliverin (o/-iv-er-in) [oliva, olive]. A body obtained from Olea europa'a it has been used instead of quinin. Unof. Oliviform (o/-iv/-if-orm) [oſiva, an olive; forma, form]. In biology, olive-shaped. Olivil (o/-iº/-il) [oliva, olive; Wm, matter], Cia HisOs. A crystalline body found in resin of wild olives. Ollier's Layer. See Zayer, Osteogenetic. Olophlyctis (o/-o://i//-tis) [6%0%vktic, herpes]. Herpes; a dark vesicular skin-eruption. [Rare.] Olophonia (o/-o-fo/-ne-a/).[6%og, whole; howſ, voice]. The condition of having a loud and harsh veice. -oma (-o/-ma/) [Öpia, tumor ; pl. , -omata]. A termina- tion signifying a neoplasm or tumor. Omacephalus (o-mas-ef’-a/-us) [Öplog, shoulder; kep- ažň, head]. A variety of omphalositic monsters of the species paracephalus, in which there are present the characteristics of paracephalus except that there is more imperfect development, with absence of the upper extremities. Omagra (o-ma/-gra/) [duoç, shoulder; āypa, seizure]. Gout in the shoulder. - Omalgia (o-ma/-je-ah) [Öpioç, shoulder; āWyog, pain]. Pain about the shoulder. Omarthralgia (o-mar-thra/-je-ah) [Öplog, shoulder; àptpov, joint; &Wyoç, pain]. Pain in the shoulder-joint. Omarthritis (o-mar-thri/-tis) [duoc, shoulder; āpópov, joint; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the shoulder-joint. iðpég, See O/ize-oz/. 894 OMICHOLIN Omarthrocace (o-mar-thro&/-as-e) [Öuoc, shoulder; ăp{}oov, joint; Kakóg, evil]. Disease of the shoulder- joint. Omasal (o-ma/-sal) [omasum, a paunch]. to the Omasum. Omasum (o-ma’-sum) [omasum, a paunch; pl., Omasa]. The third stomach of a ruminant ; it is also called the Żsa/terium, and manypſies. Cf. Abomasum, A’eed. Omatocia (o-mat-o/-se-a/). See Omotocia. Omeire (0-mi/-ra) [African]. A vinous and acetous fermented milk used in parts of Africa. Omelysis (o-me/-lis-is) [Öuff?volç, bruised meal of raw corn]. Barley or wheat-meal used for poultices. Omental (o-men'-tal) [omentum, the caul]. Pertaining to the Omentum. O. Foramen. See Foramina, Zable of O. Hernia. See Epiplocele. O. Sac. See Sac. Omentitis (o-men-º’-tis) [omentum, omentum; attº, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the omentum or caul. Omentocele (o-men'-to-sel) [omentum, omentum; khºm, hernia]. Omental hernia. Omentulum (0-mem/-fu-ſum) [dim. of omentum, omen- tum]. The smaller omentum. Omentum (o-men'-tum) [L.]. A fold of the periton- eum connecting the abdominal viscera. O. colicum, the part of the great omentum of the fetus that in adult life becomes the hepato-colic ligament. O., Gastric. See O., Greater. O., Gastro-colic, the large peritoneal fold attached to the greater curvature of the Pertaining fº. º } §§ ==3 | § § º Ye º § | | OMENTUM OF CAT, SILVERED. T = Trabecula, with c, blood-vessel. f. Fat-cells. s. Silver- lines, and a nuclei of the endothelium. m. Meshes. b. Nuclei of the connective-tissue corpuscles. Silver nitrate and hematoxylin. X loo. (Stirling.) stomach above and after dipping down over the intes- tines returning to be attached to the transverse colon. O., Gastro-hepatic, a double fold of peritoneum passing from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the transverse fissure of the liver. On the left side it in- cludes the esophagus; on the right its edges are free and inclose all the structures issuing from or entering the transverse fissure of the liver, the hepatic vessels and nerves, and the bile-duct. Behind it is the fora- men of Winslow. O., Gastro-splenic, the fold of peritoneum passing from the stomach to the spleen. O., Greater. See O., Gastro-colic. O., Hepato- gastric. See O., Gastro-hepatic. O., Lesser. Syn- onym of O., Gastro-hepatic. O. majus, the greater omentum. O. minus, the gastro-hepatic or lesser Omentum. Omichesis (o-mik-e'-sis) [butxeiv, to urinate]. tion. Omichma (o-mik/-mah) [äuxua, urine], Urine. Omicholin (o-mik/-o-lin) [äutyua, urine], C, Has NOs. |Urina-- OMISSION . A resinous substance said to give the fetid odor to putrid urine. Omission, Death of Children by. In medical juris- prudence, a form of child-murder from neglect or improper attendance at or shortly after birth. Omitis (o-mi/-tis) [ćylog, shoulder; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the shoulder. Ommateal, Ommatidial (om-at-e'-al, om-at-id/-e-a/) [öupta (6//lar-), eye). In biology, pertaining to the ommatidium or single eye of an arthropod. O. Layer, the inner layer of that part of the epidermis from which the optic ganglion originated in decapods, consisting of retinophorae surrounded by their circles of retinulae. Ommatidium (om-at-id/-e-um) [bullaríðuov, dim. of ôupua, an eye; pl. , Ommatidia]. In biology, one of the closely-packed, radially-arranged single eyes com- posing the compound eye of an arthropod. Each ommatidium has three chief constituents, the retinula, the crystal cone, the hypodermal elements (cornea, etc. ). * oº:: (om-at'-o-for) [Öppia, an eye; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, one of the eye-stalks, ophthal- mites, or eye-bearing tentacles of various inverte- brates. Omnivorous (om-niv/-o-rus) [omnis, all; zorare, to devour]. Subsisting on all kinds of food. Omo- (o’-mo-) [óp.68, raw]. A prefix signifying raw or crude. Omo- (o'-mo-) [Öpoc, scapula]. A prefix that de- notes connection with or relation to the scapula or shoulder. - Omo-atlanticus (o-mo-at-lam/-tić-us) [Öplog, shoulder; ătăaç, atlas]. Synonym of the Zevator angul: scapula. See Muscles, Zable of Omo-brachialis (o-mo-bra-ke-a/-lis) [Öuoç, shoulder; 6paxtov, arm]. Synonym of Coraco-brachialis. See Muscles, Table of - Omocace (o-mok'-as-e) [Öpioç, shoulder; Kakóg, evil]. Disease of the shoulder. Omo-cervicalis (o-mo-ser-vić-a/-läs) [Öuoc, shoulder; cervix, neck]. Synonym of Zevator angul: scapula. See Muscles, Table of. Omo-clavicular (o-mo-Ala-vić/-tt-lar) [Öaoc, shoulder; clavicula, clavicle]. Pertaining to the shoulder and the clavicle. Omocotyle (o-mo-kot'-il-e) ſºuog, shoulder; Kori,2i), cup]. The glenoid cavity; also, the shoulder-joint. Omodynia (o-mo-din'-e-ah) [Ögog, shoulder; 66bum, pain]. Pain in the shoulder. See Dorsodynia. Omohyoid (o-mo-hi/-oid) [Ögog, shoulder; ioetóñc, like the Greek letter upsilon ]. Pertaining conjointly to the scapula and the hyoid bone. O. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Omoideum (o-moi’-de-um) [Öuoc, the shoulder; eiðoç, form : pl. , Omoideal. In biology, the true pterygoid bone of the skull of a bird. - Omophagia (o-mo-ſa/-je-ah) [Ögög, raw ; ©ayeiv, to eat]. The practice of eating raw food. Omophagous (o-moff-ag-us) [Öuóg, raw ; payeiv, to eat]. Eating raw food. Omoplate (o'-mo-plat) [Öuoç, the shoulder; Tāāſm, a plate]. See Scapula. Omositia (o-mo-sit/-e-ah) [Ögöc, raw; acréetv, to feed]. The eating of raw flesh. Omostegite (o-mosſ-teſ-it) [Ögog, the shoulder; otéyog, roof|. In biology, the thoracic portion proper of the carapace of a crustacean. g Omosternal (o-mo-ster/-nal) [Öplog shoulder; otépwov, sternum]. Pertaining to the shoulder and the sternum. Omosternum (o-mo-ster’-num) [Öpiog, the shoulder; orépwov, the sternum; pl., Omosterna]. In biology, 895 OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS a superior median ossification in the pectoral arch of a batrachian; the homologue of the interclavicle. Omostrophosis (o - mos-trof-o’- sis) [Öplog, shoulder; otpépetv, to turn about]. Dislocation of the shoulder. Omotocia (o - mo- to/-se-a/) [&pidſ, untimely; Tókoç, birth]. Premature birth. Omotocous (o-mot/-o-Aus) [Öuótokoç ; Ögög, untimely; Tókoç, birth]. Bearing young prematurely. - Omotrachelius (o-mo-tra-ke/-le-us) [Öſtoc, shoulder; TpáxmŽog, the neck]. The muscle elevating the clav- icle in certain animals. f Omozone (0/-mo-20m) [Öplog, the shoulder; %um, a girdle]. A term proposed by Coues and Wilder, 1871, for the shoulder-girdle, including the scapula, clavicle, and coracoid process. Omphacine (om/fas-in) [äupač, unripe fruit]. Per- taining to unripe fruit. O. Oil, the viscous brown juice expressed from unripe olives. - Omphacomel (om -ſa/-o- me!) [öppa;, unripe fruit; puéât, honey]. An ancient confection ; a syrup pre- pared from unripe grapes and honey. Omphalectomy (om - fal-e/- to - me) [buq,a26g, navel; Škroaff, excision]. Excision of the navel. Omphalelcosis (om -ſa/-el-Ao’- sis) [buſha”.6g, navel; £2Kaogug, ulceration]. Ulceration of the navel. Omphalexoche (ow. -ſa/- e.8s'-o'- AEe) [buba?óg, navel ; #$oxh, prominence]. Synonym of Exomphalos. Omphalic (om-ſa/-ä) [Öpupa?txóg, from buoažóg, navel]. Pertaining to the navel or umbilicus. O. Duct, the vitelline duct; the duct connecting the umbilical vesicle with the fetal intestines during the first three months of intrauterine life. Omphalitis (om-ſa/-ä’-tis) [bujaž6ç, navel; attg, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the navel. Omphalo- (om-ſa/-o-) [buſhaháç, navel]. A prefix used to denote relation to the umbilicus or navel. Omphalocele (om-ſa/-o-sel) [oujažóg, navel; kážm, tumor]. Umbilical hernia. Omphalocraniodidymus (om/-fal-o-Ara-ne-o-did/-im- us) [oupa?óg, navel; Kpaviov, skull; dióvuog, twinj. A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is attached to the cranium of the autosite. Omphalode (om/-fa/-äd’,[Öpºpažág, navel]. The same as Omphalodium. - Omphalodes (om-ſal-o'-dez) [buſhažóg, navel; sióog, like]. Resembling the navel. Omphalodium (om-fil-o'-de-um) [buſha/69, a navel: pl., Omphalodia]. In biology, the axial part of the hilum of a seed, containing the vessels that enter the raphe or chalaza. Omphalo-enteric (om/-fal -o- en - ter/-ić) [öugažóg, navel; Śvrepov, intestime]. Pertaining to the navel and the intestine. Omphaloid (om/-fal-oid) [hubazóç, a navel; eiðog, form]. Resembling the navel. Omphalolysis (om-ſa/-o/-is-is) [6pyażóg, navel; Wºolg, loosing]. The dividing of the umbilical cord. Omphalomesaraic (om/-ſa/-o-mez-ar-a/-ä). The same as Omphalomesen/eric. Omphalomesenteric (om/ſal-o-mez/-en-fer-ić) [buºg- Żóg, navel; uegevréptov, mesentery]. Pertaining con- jointly to the navel and the mesentery. O. Duct. See Duct. Omphalomonodidymi (om -ſa/-o- moſt - o - dia/- in - ?) [öupažág, navel; uávog, one; 6tóvuog, twinj. A form of twin monstrosity in which the fetuses are joined at the umbilicus, Omphaloncus (on-fa/-ons/-kus) [Öugažóg, navel; bykoc, tumor]. A tumor or swelling at the navel. Omphaloneuron (om-faſ-o-mu’-ron) [oujažág, navel; veipov, cord]. The umbilical cord. Omphaloneurorrhexis (on-ſa/-o-nu-ror-eós/-īs) [buqa- OMPHALONEUROSTREPSIS Żóg, navel; veipóv, cord; bijšig, rupture]. Laceration of the umbilical cord. Omphaloneurostrepsis (om ºf al-o-nu-ro -strep’ - sis) [öupa?óg, navel; veipov, cord; otpépic, a turning about]. Torsion of the umbilical cord. Omphalopagus (om-ſal-op/-ag-us) [Öupañóg, navel; Tmyvinyat, to make fast]. A better term for the fetal monstrosity known as Xiphopagus, Q. v. Omphalophlebitis (om-ſal-o-fte-bi/-tis)[öupażóç, navel; @%éill, vein; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the umbilical vein. Omphalophyma (om-ſal-o-fi/-mah). A/halonczºs. Omphaloproptosis (om -ſa/-o -prop - to/-sis) [bplºažóg, navel; TpóTTootg, a falling forward]. Abnormal pro- trusion of the navel. Omphalopter (om-ſa/-op/-ter) [60%ażóg, navel; birthp, a viewer]. A double convex lens. Omphaloptic (om-ſal-op/-tić) [bujaž6ç, navel; 6Trucâg, of seeing]. The same as Omphalopter. Omphalorrhagia (om-ſal-or-a/-je-a/.) [äupañóg, navel; b/yvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the umbilicus. Omphalorrhea (om-ſa/-or-e'-ah)[öupa?óg, navel; bota, a flow]. An effusion of lymph at the navel. Omphalorrhexis (om-ſal-or-eks/-īs) [Öupažóg, navel; $75ug, rupture]. Rupture of the navel, or of the navel- String. Omphalos (om/-fal-os)[öupa?6g, navel]. The umbilicus. Omphalosite (om-ſa//-o-sit) [bupa?óg, navel; oitoc, nourishment]. An embryo or fetus dependent for its imperfect growth in the uterus upon another embryo or fetus, usually well-developed, that supplies the cir- culation of blood for both by means of extensive and intimate anastomoses of the umbilical and placental vessels. Omphalosoter (om-ſal-o-so'-ter)[öppañóg, navel; oothp, preserver]. An instrument for replacing a prolapsed funis. Omphalotacterium (om-ſal-o-tak-te/-re-um) [buq'aháç, navel; Táooſelv, to arrange]. An instrument for re- placing a prolapsed umbilical cord. Omphalotaxis (om -ſa/-o - taks/- is) [buſhaž6ç, navel; Táogetv, to arrange]. Reposition of the prolapsed funis. Omphalotome (om/-fa/-o-täm) [buq'aháç, navel; Tou%, a cutting]. An instrument for dividing the umbilical cord. Omphalotomist (om-ſal-of/-o-mist) [oupañóg, navel; topuſ), a cutting]. A midwife. Omphalotomy (om-ſal-off’-o-me) [buſpañóg, navel; Touff, a cutting]. The obstetric separation of the cord at the umbilicus. Also, an obsolete term for obstetrics. Omphalus (om/-/a/-us) [6/1bañóg, navel]. See Om- p/a/os. Onanism (o’-man-izm) [from Oman, the son of Judah]. I. Incomplete coitus. 2. Masturbation, or other per- version of the sexual instinct. Onanist (o'-man-ist) [from Oman, the son of Judah]. One who practises onanism. Onchosphaera, Onchosphere (ong/-kos-eſ/-rah, ong/- Synonym of Om- Áos-fer) [Öykoç, bulk, mass; opaipa, a sphere]. In biology, a stage in the development of certain platode ‘WOrn].S. Oncograph (ong/-ko-graf) [öykoç, swelling; Ypájev, to record]. The registering portion of an oncometer; a plethysmograph. Oncology (ong-ko/-0-ſe) [Öykoç, tumor; Wóyog, science]. The science or study of tumors. Oncome (on/-kum) [ME., on, on ; ME., cumen, to come]. or illness. The oncoming, attack, or onset of a disease 896 ONOMATOPOIESIS Oncometer (ong-kom/-et-er) [6)Koç, mass; uérpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for measuring the size of a tumor or the volume of an organ, especially for measuring the size of any variable organ, as the kidney. - Oncosis (ong-ko/-sis) [Öykoç, tumor]. The presence of a tumor; the diseased state characterized by the growth of tumors. Oncothlipsis (ong-ko-thlip'-sis) [Öykoç, tumor; 6%ipic, pressure]. Pressure caused by a tumor. Oncotomy (ong-koº-o-me) [Öykoç, tumor; touff, a cut- ting]. The lancing or opening of a tumor or abscess. One (wun) [ME., one, one]. A single unit or indi- vidual. O.-eyed, cyclopean, having but one eye. O.-hundred Day Disease, the Japanese term for whooping-cough. O.-sided, developed better upon one side than upon the other. O.-year Ulcer, the Arabic synonym of Aleppo Boil. - Oneirodynia (o-ni-ro-din'-e-ah) [Övelpoc, a dream; ööövm, pain]. Disquietude of the mind during sleep; painful dreaming; nightmare. O. activa, Somnambulism. Oneirogmus (on-à-rog/-mus) [Övelpoyuág, an effusion during sleep). Emission of semen during sleep, Oneirogonorrhea, Oneirogonos (on-i-rog-on-or-e/-ah, on-i-rog/-on-os). Synonyms of Oneirogmus. Oneirology (on i-ro/-o je) [Övelpoc, dream; Aóyog, science]. The science or scientific view of dreams. Oneironosus (on-i-ron/-o-sus) [Övetpoc, dream; v6ooc, disease]. Disorder manifesting itself in dreams; morbid dreaming. . Onion (un/-yun) [L., unio, an onion]. A garden plant, Allium cepa ; also its esculent bulbous root. Onion-syrup and onion-poultices are much used in domestic medicine; the juice is stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic. Unof. . Onobaio (on-o-baſ-yo) [Nat. Obock]. An arrow-poison used by the natives of Obock. - Onomatology (on-o-mat-o/-o-je) [Övoua, name; 26 yog, science]. The science of nomenclature; the forma- tion of names. - Onomatomania (on-o-mat-o-ma/-ne-ah) [Övoua, name; plavia, mania]. Functional derangement of speech, of which five varieties are described: 1. A pow- erful effort to recall some word. 2. An irresistible impulse continually to repeat a word, by which the patient seems perplexed. 3. The patient attaches some peculiar and dreadful meaning to a commonplace word. 4. The patient attaches talismanic significance to certain words, which he repeats as a safeguard. 5. The patient is impelled to spit out some word, like a disgusting morsel. A word is a complexus of images, localized in certain centers of the cerebral cortex, the images being partly auditive, partly visual, partly mo- tor. “Onomatomania is characterized by irregular action of one or several verbal images, resulting from some functional disturbance of the corresponding cen- ter.” In simple onomatomania, the patient is possessed with the idea of recovering a word that escapes him. The word is familiar ; its significance can be given; the place where read or the time when heard can be given, but the word cannot be recalled. Articulate speech may be at fault. The patient knows the word, sees it written before him; but cannot articulate it. He may utter a synonym or a similar word. In associ- ated onomatomania, words acquire a peculiar or pre- ponderant meaning. Onomatopoiesis (on-o-mat-o-poi-e'-sis) [ävoua, name; trotéetv, to make]. The extemporaneous formation of words by the insane. Words so formed are generally meaningless, or incorrect, but are sometimes quite the reWerSe. ONOSMODIUM Onosmodium (on-oz-mo/-de-um) [ävoç, an ass; bogſ, Smell; eldog, form]. A genus of boraginaceous plants. O. hispidum, O. virginianum, a plant of the genus of Boraginaceae, growing in the Eastern and Middle States; it has been used in gonorrhea and diseases of the bladder. Unof. Ontogenesis (on - to -jen/- es - is) [Öv, Šutog, existing; yévéong, birth]. The development of the individual cell into the mature being. Ontogenetic (on-to-jen-et/-i}) [öv, Švrog, existing; yév- egg, birth]. Pertaining to ontogenesis. See also Azolution. Ontogeny (on-to/-en-e) [Öv, being; yewfic, producing]. In biology, the history of the development of the in- dividual; it is a short recapitulation of the history of the race, or phylogeny, g. v.; that is, every animal passes on to its descendants by inheritance, not only its or- ganization at an adult stage, but also its own course of development. (Lang.) Ontographic (on-to-graf’-ić) [öv, being; write]. Of, or pertaining to, Ontography. Ontography (on - tog/- ra - fe) [Öv, being; ypáñew, to write]. A description of beings, their nature and €SSCI1CC. Ontoidic (on-to-id/-ié) [Öv, Öproc, being; idus, the di- viding or division]. In biology, Weismann's term for the ontogenetic stages of the idioplasm from the hered- itary substance or germ-plasm forming the first onto- idic stage and preceding the division of the egg-cell to the natural death of the organism. Ontologic (on-to-lo/-i})[öv,övroç, being; Aóyoc, science]. Pertaining to ontology. Ontology (on-to/-o-je)[öv, Övrog, being; 26 yog, science]. The metaphysical inquiry into the nature and essential quality of beings, or of being in the abstract. Accord- ing to Flourens, one of the divisions of physiology. A. Biology, the study of life proper. B. Ontology, the study of living beings, which he divides into AWeon- tology and Paleontology. O., Medical, a view which regards diseases as distinct entities. Onuphin (on/-u ſān), C.His NOls. A substance ob- tained from the rings of a species of worm, the Onze- phis tubicola. It forms a white mass resembling pipe- clay, dissolving easily in water. Onychatrophia (on-ić-at-roºfe-ah)[övvš, nail; ātpopia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the nails. Onychauxe, Onychauxis (on-ić-awks/-e, on-ić-awks/-īs) [övvš, the nail; atºm, increase]. Increased growth or hypertrophy of the nail, usually with alteration in tex- ture, color, and shape. Onychia (o-mik/-e-ah)[övvš, nail]. Inflammation of Ri the matrix of the nail. §§ See Paronychia. O. maligna. See Onyxitis. O.simplex, onychia with- out much ulceration, with loss of the nail and its replacement by a new On 6. Onychisterion (on-ik-is-teſ- re-on) [Övvrto Tàptov, a nail-knife]. An instru- ment used for cutting the nails. Onychitis (on - ik- İZ-tis) [övvš, nail; ttic, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a nail. Onychium (o-mik/-e-um) [övőxtov, a little claw; dim. of Övvš, a nail, claw; pl., Onychia]. In biology, Ypáðelv, to CHRONIC ONYCHIA. 897 Onychoid (on/-ić-oid) [Övvš, nail; eiðog like]. ONYM a little claw; specifically the small terminal append- age of the tarsus of many insects, between the two claws proper. Onycho- (on/-ić-o-) [6vvš, nail]. A prefix denoting connection with, or relation to, the nails. Onychoclasis (on-ić-ok'-las-is) [Övvš, nail; käägtg, a breaking]. Breaking of the nail. Onychocline (on-ik-ok/-lin-e) [ävvš, nail; K%tvm, a bed]. The bed of a nail. Onychocryptosis (on -ić-o-Arif - to/-sis) [Övvš, nail; kputróg, hidden]. Ingrowing of a nail. Onychogryposis (on-ić-o-gri-po/-sis) [Övvš, nail; Ypi- Tootg, curvature]. A thickened, ridged, and curved condition of the nail. It sometimes takes the well- known form of ingrowing nail. Onychohelcosis (on-ik-o-hel-ko’-sis) [Övvš, nail; 8%ko- ouc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the nail. Resem- bling a nail. Having a texture like that of the nails. - Onycholepra (on - ik -o- left/- rah) [Övvš, nail; Aéºpa, leprosy]. Leprosy affecting the nails. Onycholysis (on - ié - ol/- is - is) [Övvš, nail; Žiotç, a loosening]. Loosening of the nail. Onychomycosis (on-ić-o-mi-ko’-sis) [Övvš, nail; utikm2, fungus]. A parasitic disease of the nails of men and the hoofs of the horse, mule, etc. In man it is termed dry caries. It is caused by the fungus Achorion Aera- tophagus, or other similar parasite. O. circinata. Same as O. trichophytina. O. favosa, favus of the nails. O. tonsurans. Same as O. trichophytina. O. trichophytina, ringworm of the nails, due to the parasite 7?ichophytoz tonsurans. Onychonosus (on-ik-on/-o-sus) [ävvš, nail; vóoog, dis- ease]. Any disease of the finger-nails or toe-nails. Onychopathic (on-ić-o-path/-ić) [övvš, nail; Tábog, disease]. Pertaining to disease of the nails. Onychophagy (on-ić-off’-aſ-e) [Övvš, nail; payeiv, to eat]. The practice of biting the nails. Onychophthora (on - ié - off’- tho - rah). Onychosis. - Onychophyma (on-ić-o-fi/-mah) [Övvš, nail; ©ijua, growth). A morbid degeneration of the nails, some- times observed in leprosy and in tertiary syphilis. Onychophyton (on-ić-off’-it-on). Synonym of Onycho- mycoszs. Onychoptosis (on-ić-of-to/-sis) [Övvy, nail; Tràgic, a falling]. The falling off of the nails. Onychorrhiza (on-ik-or-i/-gah) [Övvš, nail; higa, root]. The root of the nail. Onychosarcoma (on-ik-o-sar-ko'-mah)[örvš, nail; Gápš, flesh; jua, tumor]. A fleshy outgrowth from a nail. Onychosarcosis (on-ik-o-sar-ko’-sis) [Övvy, mail; Gápx- woug, the growth of flesh]. The development of an Onychosarcoma; an onychosarcoma. Onychosis (on-ik-o'-sis) [Övvš, nail; v6ooc, disease]. Any disease of the nails. O. arctura, ingrowing nail. O. seline, white spots on the nails. O. tinea, ony- chomycosis. - Onychostroma (on-ić-os-tro’-mah) [Öyvy, nail; orpäua, mattress]. The matrix or sensitive tissue of the finger, forming the bed of the nail. Onychostromelcosis (on-ić-os-trom-el-Áo/-sis). nym of Onychohelcosis. Onychothlasis (on-ik-oth/-/as-is) [ävus, nail; 6%iac, a crushing]. Crushing of the nails. Onychyphosis (on-ik-if-of-sis) [Öivš, nail; iºff, web]. A disease of the toe-nails, consisting of thickened, horny layers of the epidermis accumulated beneath the nail, raising it from its bed, and sometimes alter- ing its growth. Onym (on/-im) [Övoua, a name]. Synonym of Syno- In biology, the 57 ONYMAL technical name of a species or other taxonomic divi- SIOI]. Onymal (on/-im-al) [6voua, a name]. In biology, of, or pertaining to, a technical name or technical nomenclature. Onymatic (on-im-at'-ik) [Övoua, a name]. In biology, pertaining to technical nomenclature, or scientific taxonomy. Cf. Synonymatic. Onymize (on/-im-72) [Övoua, a name]. In biology, to employ onyms, technical names, or nomenclature. Onymy (on/-im-e) [Övoua, a name]. In biology, the use of onyms; a system of nomenclature. Onyx (on/-ićs) [Övvš, nail]. I. A nail. 2. A collection of pus between the corneal lamellae, at the most dependent part. See Hypopyon. Onyxis (on-iks/-īs) [Övvš, nail]. An abnormal incurva. tion or ingrowing of the nails. Onyxitis (on-ićs-i/-tis) [Övvš, nail; itic, inflammation]. Onychia maligna; an inflammation of the matrix of the nail, occurring most frequently in unhealthy chil- dren, after some traumatism. Oöblast (o'-o-blasé) [$6v, an egg; 9%aotóg, a germ]. In biology, Ludwig Will's term for the unripe or primitive ovum, the central chromatin-body of which gives rise to the nuclei of the cells forming the egg-follicle by ejecting a large number of chromatin- pellets. - - Oöblastema (o-o-blas-te/-mah) [36v, egg; 3%armua, increase]. The protoplasm of an ovule. Oöboo-waioo (o’-o-boo-wa/-oo) [Beng.]. term for Beri-be, i. Oöcyesis (o-o-si-e'-sis) [36V, egg; Kimoto, pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy; oariocyesis. Oöcyst (o/-o-sist) [96v, an egg; Küotic, bladder.] See Acium. Oödeocele (o-o-de-o-se/) [96v, egg; eiðoc, like ; Khºm, tumor]. Obturator hernia. Oögamous (o-og/-am-us) [960, an egg; Yáuoc, mar- riage]. In biology, exhibiting or reproduced by the conjugation of dissimilar gametes. Oögamy (o-og’-am-e) [6,61, an egg; Yápoc, marriage]. In biology, the conjugation of two dissimilar gametes, as distinguished from isogamy. Oögenesis (o-o-jen’-es-is) [96v, egg; Yévealſ, birth]. The process of the development of the ovum. Oögenetic (o-o-jen-et/-ić) [96v, egg; Yevvāv, to beget]. Relating to oëgenesis. Oöglea (o-o'-gle-q/) [969, egg; Yºota, glue]. . Egg- glue; a tough, viscid gelatinous substance enveloping the eggs of certain animals, as crustaceans. Oögonium (o-o-go/-me-um) [ºjów, an egg; You%, genera: tion: //, Oögonia]. In biology, the female sexual organ in the O6sporea before fertilization. Oöid (o'-oid) [96v, egg; eiðog, like]. Egg-shaped. Oökinesis 'º, e/-sis) [96v, egg; civnotc., move- ment]. The changes occurring in the egg during maturation, fertilization and segmentation. Oölecithymen (o-o-les-it/-7-men) [66v, egg; Aéktflog, yolk of egg; buffy, membrane]. In biology, the vitel- line membrane. Oölemma (o-o-lem/-a/) [6%v, an egg; Aéupa, peel, skin]. In biology, the vitelline membrane of an egg. Oöieukon (o-o-lu'-kom). Synonym of Albumin. Oölogy (o-o/-o-je) [96v, an egg; Aéyog, science]. The study of eggs and nidification. Cf. Callology. Oölysis (o-o/-is-is) [96v, egg; Wigg, a loosing]. In biology, a monstrous ovular development. Oömetra (o-o-me/-/ra/) [6%u, egg; ſuffſpa, uterus]. In biology, the ovary of phanerogamous plants. Oömetry (o-om/-et-re) [66v, an egg; puérpov, a meas- ure]. In biology, the measurement of eggs. A Bengalese 898. OÖTYPE Oöphoralgia (o-off-or-al/je-ah) [ºjów, egg; hépelv, to bear; dāyog, pain]. Neuralgia of the ovary. Oöphorauxe (o-off-or-awks’-e) [ºjöv, egg; pépelv, to bear; atºm, growth.J. Hypertrophy of the ovary. Oöphore (o’-o-for) [66v, an egg; bopog, bear]. In biology, the sexual stage in plants exhibiting alternate generation. Oöphorectomy (o-off-or-ek/-to-me) [96v, egg; pépetv, to bear; Šktopuff, excision]. Excision of the ovary. Battey's Operation, the removal of both ovaries to hasten the menopause. Oöphoridium (o-o-for-id’’-e-um) [ºjów, an egg; pópog, bear: pl., Oophoridia]. See Macrosporangium. Oöphoritis. (o-off-or-i/-tis). See Ovaritis. - Oöphoro-epilepsy (o'-off-or-o-ep/-iſ-ep-se) [66v, egg; ºpépelv, to bear; £7tt/pia, epilepsy]. Epileptiform disease due to an ovarian lesion. Oöphoroma (o-off-or-o’-mah) [96v, egg; pépelv, to bear; ôpia, a tumor; pl., O&phoromata]. A dermoid cyst of the ovary, characterized by metastasis. Oöphoromalacia (o-off-or-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [jóv, egg; ºpépetv, to bear; uažakia, softness]. Softening of the ovary. - - Oöphoromania (o-off-or-o-ma/-ne-ah) [Öóv, egg; pépelv, to bear ; Havía, mania]. Insanity due to ovarian dis- order. - Oöphoromyeloma (o-off-or-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [96v, egg; pépew, to bear; uve?óg, marrow ; bud, tumor]. An ovarian encephaloma. Oöphoron, Oöphorum, (o-off’-or-on, o-off’-or-um). See Oëphore, Ovarium, Ovary. Oöphoropathia (o-off-or-o-pa/-the-ah) [66v, egg; pépetv, to bear; tró60ç, disease]. Any disease of the ovary. Oöphoro-salpingectomy (o'-off-or-o-sal-ping-gek/-to- me) [Góv, egg; pépelv, to bear; odžtlyś, tube; Škrouh, excision]. Surgical removal of an ovary and oviduct. Oöphorrhapy (o-off-or/-a-ſe) [36v, egg; pépetv, to bear; baph, suture]. The surgical fixation, by suture, of a displaced ovary. Oöphyte (o’-o-fit) [36 v, an egg; ºvrów, a plant]. Same as Oğphore. Oöplasma (o-o-plaz/-mah) [Góv, egg; Thäooeuv, to mold]. The vitellus. Oöplasty (o’-o-plas-de) [36v, egg; Tāāooelv, to form]. The process of fecundation. Oöpoda (o-o/-o-dah) [6%u, an egg; Toíc, foot]. In biology, the three pairs of blade-like elements of the sting or modified ovipositor of insects. - Oösperm (o’-o-sperm) [96v, egg; otépſta, seed]. The ovum after union with the male element. - Oöspermospore (o-o-sper/-mo-spor) [969, an egg; otép- pua, seed; arrópog, seed]. See Oöspore. Oösphere (0/-o-sfer) [96v, an egg; a baipa, a sphere]. In biology, the unfertilized germ-cell in the očgonium; the female reproductive cell. Oösporangium (o-o-spor-an/-je-um) [96v, egg; otópoc, seed; dyyelov, vessel). The sac enclosing the oëspores. Oöspore (0/-o-spor) [6,6v, an egg; otópoc, seed]. In biology, a fertilized and matured oësphere. Oöstegite (o-os/-teſ-ît) [jóv, an egg; otéyetv, to cover]. The laminar expansion of some of the limbs of certain crustaceans, beneath which the eggs are retained. Oötheca (o-o-the-kah) [Öów, an egg; thºm, a case; pl., Oöthecae]. In biology, an egg-case or sporangium. Oötocia (o-o-toº-ke-ah) [ºjów, an egg; Tekeiv, to produce, to lay]. In biology, ovulation; the discharge of the egg from the ovary. Cf. Oviposition, Oötocous (o-o/-o/-us) [96v, an egg; teceiv, to lay]. In biology, producing eggs; oviparous. Qötype (o'-o-tip) [66v, an egg; TüTog, stamp, mold, pattern]. In biology, he small part at the beginning OOZE of the egg-passage in platode worms, which receives the efferent ducts of the shell-glands. Ooze (ſiz) [ME., wose, mud.]. The deposit of calca- reous or siliceous shells or frustules, found making up extensive areas of the floor of the ocean and derived from the halobios (benthos and plankton), or organisms living in the sea, i. e., Diatom-ooze, Æadiolaria-ooze (about 1000 species are included, the richest regions being the tropical central Pacific), Globigerina-ooze, Pteropod-ooze. Oözoa (o-o-zo/-ah) [Gów, an egg; 'pov, an animal]. In biology, the onym proposed by Carus for unicellular animals, because of their resemblance to ova. Cf. AErotista, Protozoa. - Opacity (o-pas/-īt-e) [opacus, dull]. The condition of being impervious to light. Non-transparency. Also, an opaque spot, as opacity of the cornea. O. of Lens. See Cataract. Opal (o'-ºal) [6trážtog, an opal]. A mineral of a blue color, consisting of silicon. O.-blue. Same as Spirit-blue. Opaline (o'-pal-en) [birá%toc, an opal]. Having the appearance of an opal. O. Patch, the mucous patch of syphilis, forming in the mouth a whitish pellicle. Opaque (o-pâ4/) [opacus, shaded]. Dark, obscure, not transparent. O. Nerve-fibers, persistence of the medullary sheaths of the optic-nerve fibers beyond the lamina cribrosa, forming brilliant white patches upon the retina as seen by the ophthalmoscope. EPONYMIC TABLE OF Abbé's : I. Lateral anastomosis of the intestines with cat-gut rings. 2. For varicocele; resection of the scro- tum, with ligation of the exposed veins. Abernethy’s, for ligation of the external iliac artery. In the earlier operation an incision was made in the line of the artery for about three inches, commencing nearly four inches above Poupart's ligament. Later the incision was less nearly vertical and more curved, with the convexity downward and outward, extending from about one inch within and one inch above the anterior superior spine to one and one-half inches above, and external to, the center of Poupart's ligament. Adams': I. Osteotomy for ankylosis of the hip-joint, the neck of the femur being divided subcutaneously within the capsule. 2. Corec- topy, the iris is drawn into a small, corneal incision, in order to change the position of the natural pupil. 3. For deviated nasal septum ; the bent cartilaginous sep- tum is forcibly straightened by means of special flat, parallel-bladed forceps. 4. For Dupuytren's contrac- tion, when the bands extend far down the sides of the finger. It consists in multiple subcutaneous section of the palmar fascia from without inward. 5. For ectropion, a triangular wedge is removed from the whole thickness of the lower lid, and the edges are united by sutures. 6. Iliac colotomy; a modification of Cripps' operation, in which a vertical incision is made external to the epigastric artery. 7. For prolapsus atteri. See O., Alexander's. Affleck's, a method of performing embryotomy, also known as Macdon- ald’s method, it consists in rachiotomy followed by forcible podalic version. Agnew's (Cornelius R.) : I. For cataract, it consists in the laceration or removal of the capsule in secondary cataract by means of a stop- needle and hook. 2. For chalazion, incision along the ciliary margin of the lid, followed by curettement or by expression, 3. For destruction of the ſacrymal sac, it consists in slitting the canaliculi, vertical incision of 899 OPERATIONS Open (o/-pen) [ME., open, open]. Unclosed, unfolded. O. Method. See Anesthetic. Opening (o'-pen-ing) [ME., openyng, opening]. ... A mouth, or hole; a perforation. O., Aortic. See Aortic. O., Caval, the opening in the diaphragm for the passage of the vena cava. O., Saphenous, an oval opening in the fascia lata at the upper and inner part of the thigh below Poupart's ligament. It trans- mits the internal saphenous vein and is covered by the cribriform fascia. Opeocele (0/-pe-o-sel)[öttà, an opening; kážm, a tumor]. Synonym of Hernia. Operable (op/-er-ab-l) [operari, to labor]. Admitting of an operation. Operating (op/-er-a-ting) [operari, to work]. Per- forming ; acting; doing some surgical process. O.- table, the table on which a patient lies during a surgical operation. Operation (op-er-a/-shun) [operari, to labor, to do]. An act; especially a surgical act upon the body. A table of many of the most important operations is ap- pended. O., Curative effect of, per se; the improve ment or disappearance of symptoms after a simple exploratory incision, with closure of the wound, the supposed condition not being found to exist, or not being amenable to interference. O., Major, a serious and important surgical operation. O., Minor. See Surgery, Minor. O., Plastic. See Surgery. OPERATIONS AND METHODS IN SURGERY. the sac, and cauterization of its interior. Agnew's (D. Hayes) : I. For amputations; it is a modification of Permale’s operation by which elliptic tegumentary flaps are made and allowed to retract before the mus- cles are cut through. 2. For inguinal hermia, a modi- fication of Wutzer's operation, 7. z. 3. For salizavy fistula ; after the introduction of a probe into the duct, a thread is passed from the inside of the mouth, around the duct, the probe is withdrawn, and the thread tied tightly. As it sloughs off, the natural orifice is reëstablished. The external opening may be closed subsequently by operation or caustics. 4. For webbed ſingers, a dorsal flap, triangular in shape, is cut from the upper surface of the web. The apex corresponds to the free margin, the base to the interval between the proximal ends of the first phal- anges; this is reflected back, and the web is divided as far as necessary; the flap is then folded between the fingers, and the wound closed with sutures. Alan- son’s, a method of performing ampuſations : it con- sists in division of the skin and muscles in the form of a hollow cone. Albert's, for ſai/ Anee-joint, exci- sion of the knee to secure ankylosis. Alexander’s : I. For the relief of epilepsy, ligation of the vertebral artery to diminish the blood-supply to the brain. 2. For prolapse and retrofferion of the uterus ; shorten- ing of the round ligaments for the purpose of holding the uterus in its normal position. Alexander- Adams’. See Alexander's. Allarton’s, for liſh- otomy, it is the modern median operation for stone in the bladder. Allingham's (H.), for inguina/ coſ. otomy, an incision, from one and one-half to three inches long, is made parallel with the outer third of Poupart's ligament, and about one-half inch above. The edges of the peritoneum, in most cases, are stitched to the cut muscles and skin ; the intestine is stitched to the edges of the wound, and opening OPERATIONS 900 of the bowel is deferred, if possible, until the third day. Allingham’s (W.) : I. For excision of the rectum ; the patient in the lithotomy position, an oval incision is made into both ischio-rectal fossae, around the bowel, and prolonged backward to the coccyx; the bowel is isolated, and separated with the écraseur, scissors, or Paquelin cautery. 2. For /emorrhoids, the pile is dissected off from the mus- cular tissue with scissors, the pedicle ligated, and the mass cut off. Alonette’s, for amputation at the hip- joint, a semicircular external flap is made, extending to the great trochanter, with disarticulation of the head of the femur, and the making of a large internal flap by cutting from within outward. Alquié-Alexan- der’s. The same as Alexander's. V. Ammon’s : I. Blepharoplas/y : removal of all cicatricial tissue and freeing of the remains of the lid, followed by transplan- tation of a flap from the cheek. 2. For destruction of the lacrymal sac, incision into, and excision of, a portion of the anterior wall of the sac ; closure by adhe- sive inflammation. 3. For ectropion (from caries); an incision is made around the cicatrix, the tissues are dis- sected free, and after closing the lid the wound is closed over the cicatrix. 4. For symble//aron , the lid is di- vided, by two converging incisions, into three portions —two lateral and a central wedge-shaped portion; the former are united by sutures, and after union the central, wedge-shaped part is dissected out. Amussat’s : I. A method of arresting hemorrhage by torsion of the arteries by means of two forceps. 2. For atresia vagina ; dilatation by the use of the finger or a dull instrument, without cutting. 3. For castration , by incision upon the posterior surface of the scrotum. 4. For enterorrhaphy; in cases of completely divided intestine, each end is invaginated and passed over a cork, with a groove at either end, and the intestine is tied in the grooves. 5. For imperforate rectum ; the formation of an artificial anus in the perimeum, with or without excision of the coccyx. 6. For lumbar col- otomy; a transverse incision is made, crossing the outer border of the quadratus lumborum muscle. Anagnos- takis’: I. For entropion, an incision is made parallel and close to the free margin of the upper lid, a horizontal fold of skin, with the underlying tissue, is excised, and the wound closed by sutures. 2. For trichiasis ; the offending cilia are included between two perpen- dicular incisions and excised. Anderson’s, for length- eming tendons; the tendon is split longitudinally, the cut surfaces slid along, and sutured. Anel's : I. For aneurysm, ligation on the cardiac side close to the aneurysm. 2. For stric///re of the ſacryma/ ditcé, dilatation by means of a gold probe, followed by the injection of an astringent fluid into the sac. Anger's : 1. For hypospadias; the formation of a urethra by superimposing a quadrilateral flap from one side and lower border of the penis, over another flap from the other side, which has been turned over a catheter. 2. For ingrowing toe-mail; the lateral-flap operation, with removal of the diseased portion of the matrix. 3. For wnion of divided ſendons; the use of “distance-sutures,” when the ends of the tendon are widely apart. Annan- dale's : I. For dislocated cartilages : incision into the knee-joint and stitching of the dislocated cartilages into their proper position. 2. For genu valgum partial excision of both condyles of the femur, 3. For maso pharyngeal polypus ; division of the alveolar margin and palatal portions of the upper jaw along their center, from before backward, and perforation of the bony septum of the nose, thus permitting separa: tion, of the two portions of the bone and exposure of the polypus. 4. For varicoceſe; a modification of Zee's of gration, the veins only being excised, the each finger. flaps by Flarer’s, incision. OPERATIONS scrotum being left intact, 5. For webbed ſingers; the longitudinal incisions are made along the sides of Antal's, for tumor of the bladder-wall; after a supra-pubic incision the tumor is removed with the portion of the bladder from which it springs, and the vesical wound is closed; the peritoneum is rolled up and not opened. Antyllus’, for aneurysm , it consists in ligation above and below the sac, followed by opening of the aneurysm and evacuation of its con- tents. Antyllus-Kuhnts', for paralytic ectropion ; excision of a wedge-shaped portion of the conjunctiva and tarsus from the lid, in order to shorten the latter. The base of the wedge is on the free border of the lid. Apostoli's, electrolysis of a uterine ſibroid when an electrode cannot be introduced into the womb. One broad abdominal electrode is used, and a spear- pointed electrode is thrust through the vaginal wall into the tumor. Appolito's, for enterorrhaphy, by means of a form of right-angle continuous suture. Argyll Robertson's : I. For entropion, a piece of sheet-lead is fastened inside of the lid, so that the pressure will cause absorption of the hypertrophic tissue. 2. For glaucoma, trephining the sclerotic for the relief of pain. 3. For pterygium ; the growth is separated and excised; the conjunctiva, previously dissected up, is brought over the wound and sutured. Arlt’s : I. For blepharoplasty; a modification of Dief. fenbach’s operation, with a downward inclination of the cantho-temporal incision, and a slight deviation of the tempero-genal incision. 2. For cicatricial ectropion ; a V-shaped incision is made, removing the cicatrix; the wound is closed by interrupted sutures. 3. For entro- pion; (a) a modification of Gaillard’s suture; a thread, with a needle at either end, is passed subcutaneously from the margin of the lid down to the cheek, and the two ends are tied ; there results a puckering of the skin and thereby relief of the entropion; (b) a ſaf-splitting operation upon the lid, with the removal of an oval por- tion of the skin, and suturing of the latter. 4. For enz- cleation of the eye, Desmarre's retractors are introduced, and the conjunctiva is divided all around the corneal junction; then the external rectus (if the left eye, the internal if the right eye) is caught by a blunt hook and divided behind it, leaving a stump; then the remain- ing ocular muscles and the optic nerve are divided by scissors. The internal rectus (if the left eye, the exter- nal if the right eye) and the two oblique muscles are divided after luxation of the ball in front of the lids; the conjunctiva is stitched in and out, so as to form a suture like the string of a tobacco-bag, and a pressure- bandage is applied. 5. For median £arsorrhaphy, exci- sion with scissors and forceps of a narrow strip of skin from both the upper and lower lids, close to their inner angle, meeting on the inner side of the inner commis- sure; they are then united by interrupted sutures. 6. For stricture of the lacrymal duct, incision of the an- terior wall of the sac, evacuation of the pus and gradual dilatation of the duct. 7. For symbleſ/aron, dissection of the symblepharon, and suturing of the flap on itself. 8. For (richiasis ; known also as the /aesche-Arlº opera- tion ; it is a modification of /aesche's operation, in which the lid is separated into anterior and posterior Arlt-Jaesche, for disfi. chiasis, the edge of the lid and the contained ciliary bulbs are dissected from the tarsus, a crescentic-shaped piece of skin is removed from the lid above the flap, and the edges of the wound are united, thus trans- planting the ciliary bulbs further away from the edge of the lids. Armsby’s, for the radical cure of inguinal' Jernia; the integument is invaginated, and a single thread is introduced as a seton through the sac of the hernia and the inguinal canal. Ashton’s, for a con- OPERATIONS gested and bleeding rectum, without distinct, hemor- rhoidal tumor; cauterize with fuming nitric acid. Assalini’s, for iridodialysis ; the iris is detached with eye-forceps through a large opening in the cornea. Atlee's, for ovariotomy, the écraseur is applied to the pedicle. Aveling's : I. For suture of the soft palate; a double loop of suture is passed on one side and the loop drawn out of the mouth; a sin- gle suture is then passed through the opposite side and looped into the double one; by pulling the latter back, the single suture is drawn across the cleft. 2. Transfusion by the direct method; this permits measurement of the amount of blood trans- fused. Avery's, for uranoplasty. Same as Zang- enbeck's operation. Ayres', for ectopia vesica, clo- sure by means of a flap of skin turned down from the abdomen over the bladder. Bader's : I. For conical cornea ; an elliptic piece of the cornea is re- moved from the apex of the cone, and this is followed by the application of a tight bandage. 2. For the re- lief of pain in glaucoma, stretching or laceration of the infratrochlear nerve. 3. For sclerotomy; the inci- sion is confined to the scleral margin, without division of the overlying conjunctiva. Baer's (B. F.) : I. For perineorrhaphy, the same denudation is made as in Emmet's operation. The needle is passed deeply on the outer side of the denuded sulcus, brought out at the bottom of the sulcus, again introduced on the rectal side and brought out at the top of the opposite side of the sulcus ; the crest of the rectocele is then picked up at the upper border of the denudation, the needle is passed down the inner side of the left sulcus and up on the outer side, the entire sweep being made with one suture. The same process is repeated once or twice. 2. For supravaginal hysterectomy; median celiotomy, ligation of the ovarian arteries in the broad ligament; the clamp is applied close to the uterus and the ligament divided between the ligature and the clamp ; ligation of the uterine arteries in the broad ligament; formation of anterior and posterior perito- neal flaps; division of the cervix; if necessary, suture of the flaps over the cervical stump. Neither ligature nor suture must pierce or embrace cervical tissue, and nothing whatever is done to the cervical canal. Baker's (M.) : I. To secure union of bone; the use of steel pins to keep the bones together after excision of the knee. 2. For carcinoma of the cervix atter: ; the cervix is removed by means of a uterotome that makes a funnel-shaped excavation, the base of which is on a line with the internal os, and the apex approaches or meets the fundus. 3. For excision of the tongue; removal through the mouth with the use of the écra- seur as a supplemental means. Ball's : I. For iliac colotomy, a modification of Criſps' operation, in which the incision is made in the left linea semilumaris, and the bowel secured above and below the future artificial opening by means of two special clamps, which are removed after suturing and opening of the bowel. 2. For ingrainal hermia ; the sac is separated up to the abdominal portion of the neck and then twisted around its own axis, after which the fundus is cut away and the stump is secured in the ring. Ballingall's, for excision of the upper jaw. The same as Veſpeau's operation. Bandl’s, for uretero-vaginal fistula ; a catheter is passed into the bladder, and through an artificial opening in the bladder into the ureter, and the original opening is closed over the catheter. Banks' (M.): I. For aneurysm of the third part of the sub- clavian artery ligation of the first part of the artery. 2. For the radical cure of inguinal hernia ; the sac is exposed and separated from the surrounding parts; a ligature is then applied close to the ring, and the fundus 901 of the remaining part. OPERATIONS of the sac is cut away, after which the inguinal ring is closed by sutures. 3. For internal urethrotomy; a special urethrotome is used to divide the stricture from within outward. 4. For removal of the breast : it con- sists in removal of the entire breast, the overlying skin, the fascia over the pectoral muscle, and (if suspicious- looking) the fibers of the muscle. The axilla is always to be cleaned out. 5. For removal of nasa/ polypi, avulsion with forceps, when the nostrils are in a dependent position, so as to prevent choking by the blood. Bardeleben's, for double ſhare/ºp, the mucous membrane and periosteum are stripped up behind the pre-maxillary bone; the septum is then divided and the projection reduced, or grasped by forceps and twisted upon itself. Barden's, for angular anky- Josis of the Amee; removal of a wedge-shaped piece of bone from the shaft of the femur, and fracture Bardenheuer’s : I. For cholecystotomy; performed in two stages: the first operation consists in fixing the gall-bladder to the abdominal incision. After adhesions have formed, the bladder is opened and the operation completed. 2. Axploratory incision ; , an extraperitoneal explora- tory incision, to allow of the palpation of the contents of the abdomen through the parietal peritoneum. 3. For resection of the sacrum : the removal of the entire lower part of the bone at the third sacral fora- men. 4. For suprapubic cystotomy, a skin-incision, about the length of a finger, in the middle line, close above, and parallel with, the upper border of the pubis. Barker's (A. E.) : I. For excision of the astragalus ; the incision runs from just above the tip of the exter- nal malleolus forward and a little inward, curving toward the dorsum of the foot. 2. For excision of the hip; by an anterior incision, commencing on the front of the thigh, one-half inch below the anterior superior iliac spine, and running downward and inward for three inches. 3. For gastro-enterostomy, the visceral incision is made only through the serous and muscular coats, and the most important part of the suturing is done before the stomach or bowel is opened. 4. For the radical cure of inguina/ hernia; a modification of Banks' operation, in which the neck of the sac is ligatured and the sac below the ligature divided, but not dissected out, being used to occlude the internal ring. 5. For spinal abscess, the abscess is opened and scraped, and the débris washed out by the use of the flushing-curet. 6. For zenzenited fracture of the clavicle; the false joint is exposed by an incision ; the two ends of the bone are removed by oblique cuts in the same plane, and held together by silver wire. 7. For zaricoceſe : the application of subcu- taneous aseptic silk ligatures at one or two points. Bartisch’s, for entropiozz, removal of the entire ciliary margin of the lid. Barton's (J. Rhea) : I. For bony ankylosis of the Anee; the removal of a wedge-shaped piece of bone from the lower end of the femur, to allow of the correction of the deformity. 2. For oste- otomy, division of the femur between the two trochan- ters. Barwell’s (AE.): I. For aneurysm : (a) the use of ox aorta in the ligation of aneurysm ; (6) pass- ing a needle, armed with a silver wire, subcutaneously around vascular tumors to avoid scars. 2. For azzeze- 73'sm of the innominate or aorta ligation of the carotid and subclavian arteries. 3. For /igation of the first part of the subclavian artery; the formation of a triangular flap turned upward and outward, with division of both heads of the sterno-mastoid muscle and the sterno- thyroid muscle. 4. Osteoſomy for genuſ za/g/// . division of the lower end of the femur and upper end of the tibia, above and below their respective epiph- yses. 5. For varicoceſe : the subcutaneous applica- OPERATIONS 902 tion of a silver wire, and twisting of the free ends from day to day. Bassini's, for the radical cure of inguina/ /*ermia ; the sac is exposed, twisted, and the neck li- gated and removed ; the spermatic cord is lifted, and the border of the rectus is stitched to the edge of the internal oblique, the transversalis muscle and the trans- versalis fascia to Poupart’s ligament under the cord. The cord is placed upon this layer and the border of the external oblique is stitched to Poupart’s ligament over the cord. Bates’, for internal urethrotomy, a special urethrotome is used to divide the stricture from within outward. Battey's (AE.), for oëphorectomy; also called “normal ovariotomy; ” removal of the ovaries in order to eliminate their physiologic influ- ence. Bauden’s : I. For amputation through the foot, it is made at the tarso-metatarsal joint, disartic- ulating the first metatarsal bone, and sawing through the remaining ones on a level with the internal cunei- form bone. 2. For amputation at the Anee-joint, by oval anterior and posterior flaps. 3. For excision of the shoulder, by a single anterior vertical or oblique incision. Baum's, for stretching the facial nerve; an incision is made downward and forward from be- hind the ear, about opposite the meatus, to a point immediately below the lobule, and then prolonged nearly to the angle of the jaw, a small, transverse incision being also made below the pinna. Bayn- ton's, a method of healing leg-ulcers ; it is the original method of applying adhesive straps and a bandage in cases of indolent ulcers. Beaufils', for uranoplasty; a single flap is twisted on itself so as to fill up the aperture. Béclard's, for amputation at the hip-joint; a modification of Liston’s amputation, by cutting the posterior flap first. Beer's : I. For cataract; ex- traction by the flap-method. 2. For iridectomy; an incision is made near the margin of the cornea with a lance-knife entered perpendicularly, then made parallel with the plane of the iris, making a section concentric with the cornea, of the desired length. 3. For irido- dialysis. The same as //im/y's operation. Bégin's, for excision of the Amee. Similar to Textor's operation, z. z. Bell’s (C.) : I. For gastroſomy; a parietal incision is made in a line extending from the umbilicus toward the left false ribs. 2. For ligation of the first part of the lingual artery; the same incision is used as in the operation of election, its center being oppo- site the body of the hyoid bone. Belmas' (M.), for the radical cure of inguinal hernia; it consists in in- troducing gold-beaters' skin in the neck of the sac, to excite sufficient inflammation. Benham's, for hem- orrhoids; the same as Pollock's operation, 7. v. Ben- nett's (W. H.), for varicoceſe; a modification of Bowse's operation, in which the elongated cord is shortened. Benson's, for entropion ; a modification of van /l/i//ingen’s operation, in which a flap of mucous membrane is taken from the lower lip. Bent’s, for excision of the shoulder, a flap is taken from the deltoid region, with the base inward, by means of one vertical and two transverse incisions. Bérard’s (A.), for naso-pharyngeal tumor; an incision is made either along the median line or the side of the nose, ex- tending down through the upper lip; by means of the cutting-forceps the outer wall of the nasal cavity and of the antrum is removed. Berger's (P.),for interscapulo- thoracic amputation ; it is made by two flaps—an an- tero-inferior or pectoro-axillary flap, and a postero- superior or cervico-scapular flap. Von Bergmann's (E.): 1. For hydroceſe; excision of the parietal part of the sac. 2. For mastoid and middle-ear disease, it con- sists in making a long, crescentic incision from above and in front of the auricle, backward and downward, and then loosening the periosteum from the entire osse- OPERATIONS ous auditory canal; the bony portion between the audi- tory canal and the middle cranial fossa is penetrated with a chisel as far as the bony annulus tympanicus, and the incision is then carried backward toward the mas- toid process, avoiding injury of the facial canal; there is then inserted a tamponade of iodoform-gauze. 3. For nephrectomy, a lateral lumbar incision is made from the upper end of the twelfth rib obliquely toward the junction of the outer and middle thirds of Poupart's ligament. Berlin’s : I. For entropion ; incision through the entire thickness of the lid, parallel to the ciliary margin, and excision of a portion of the tarsus and conjunctiva. 2. For excision of the laczymal sac ; the same as Platner’s operation, g. v. Berling- hieri's, for entropion and trichiasis ; a horizontal inci- sion is made along the margin of the lid, a vertical incision from each end of this, away from the margin, followed by dissection up of the flap, and extirpation of the hair-bulbs; the flap is then replaced. Bernays’ (A. C.), for gastrotomy; removal of the growths bulg- ing into the cavity of the stomach by the curet or other instrument, after making an incision through the wall of the stomach. Bernheim’s, for circumcision, the operation is performed with the galvano-cautery instead of the knife. Berthold's. See under Myringoplastic. Bigelow’s (H. J.), for vesical calculus ; the ordinary operation of litholapaxy, g. v. Billroth's (7.) : I. For blepharoplasty; a modification of Dieffenbach’s opera- tion, g. v. 2. For ectopia vesicae; a modification of Thiersch’s operation, in which two broad, lateral, doubly-pedunculated flaps are dissected up. 3. For excision of the tongue; a curved, submental incision is carried backward along the lower border of the jaw on both sides; the bone is then divided in two places, and after excision of the tongue, is replaced. 4. For genu valgum, incomplete linear osteotomy of the tibia. 5. For naso-pharyngeal tumor; an incision from the root of the nose to the tip is carried into the nostril. An incision from either end of this is carried horizontally across the cheek. The nose is separated in the line of the first incision, and the superior max- illa is sawn through in the line of the second and third incisions, and the bone pried out of place, hinging upon the pterygoid process. 6. For ovariotomy; the pedicle is ligated between two forceps, and then divided with the thermo-cautery. 7. For pylorectomy; a parietal incision is made in almost a transverse direc- tion ; the divided walls of the stomach and bowel are brought together and united by sutures on the side of the greater curvature of the stomach. 8. For resec- tion of the intestine; when the segments of the intes- tine are of unequal size, one end is closed by sutures and the other end implanted into a slit made in the long axis of the bowel. Bird's (G.) : I. For excision of the Amee; the patella is sawn through transversely to reach the joint, and the two fragments are brought together afterward with sutures. 2. For jejunostomy; an oblique incision is made in the same position as in pylorectomy; the transverse colon is drawn upward, and the omentum is pushed to the left and the bowel at- tached to the margin of the parietal wound, and opened after adhesions have formed. 3. Osteotomy for extreme ſat foot, resection of a wedge of bone (the scaphoid alone, or the scaphoid and the head of the astragalus) from the inner side of the foot. 4. For the removal of new-growths of the tonsiſ, a modification of Cheever's operation in which the second incision is made through the cheek, from the angle of the mouth to that of the lower jaw. Bischoff’s, for laceration of the female perimeum ; a denudation is made similar to that made in Freund's operation, except that the tongue of va- ginal tissue left in the median line is narrower, and OPERATIONS the denuded strips on either side are wider and nearer together. The tongue of the posterior vaginal wall is dissected up and brought forward over the median raphe, stitched between the labia and lateral walls, and the perineum is united by deep external sutures beginning behind. Bishop's (Stanmore) : I. For the radical cure of inguinal hernia, a modification of Macewen's operation in which the thread is passed through the wall of the sac on each side, so that when drawn upon, the sac is thrown into folds like a purse; Bishop also cuts open the anterior wall of the inguinal canal. 2. For suture of the intestine; an interrupted shoe- maker’s stitch is introduced on the mucous aspect, each suture loop being tied on alternate sides of the line of junction. Blandin’s : I. For deviated nasal septum ; the removal of discs from the septum by means of a special punch. 2. For double harelig; repression of the pre-max- illary bone after excision of a wedge-shaped piece of the vomerine plate immediately behind it. 3. For exci- sion of the upper jaw, it is done by a median incision. The cheek flap is raised by means of two incisions— the first carried down from the inner canthus along the side of the nose and into the mouth through the median line of the lip; the other is carried along the lower margin of the orbit. 4. For symblepharon ; dissec- tion from above downward, and folding inward of the flap to form the palpebral conjunctiva. Blasius’: I. For blepharoplasty; a flap is taken from the fore- head to form a lower eyelid. 2. For chiloplasty; two curved incisions are made, each beginning at the center of the lower lip and extending outward and downward to the sides of the cheeks, for the purpose of forming a lower lip. 3. For uranoplasty, a flap is dissected from the forehead, and the long pedicle is twisted so that the flap (the nose being absent) can be brought through the nares into the cleft. Bobbs’ (J. S.), for cholecystotomy; the gall-bladder is incised and, after removal of calculi, is closed by one suture. Boeckel's (E.): 1. For the removal of tumors of the naso-pharynx, an incision is made down to the bone across the bridge of the nose, from one lacrymal sac to the other, and is carried down one nasal furrow to the margin of the nostril, which it opens. The columna is also separated; the bones in the line of the incision are divided, and the septum is separated and the tumor removed; the parts are then to be restored. 2. For ex- cision of the wrist; it is done by a single dorsal incision on the radial side, with division of the extensor tendons on the same side, and ending by the subperiosteal operation. Boen’s, a method of performing embry- otomy; it consists in the removal of all of the pro- lapsed portions of the fetus, followed by thoracic and abdominal evisceration, complete division of the fetus into two parts and separate extraction of the two. Bogue's, for varicocele; ligation with catgut of the veins at different points, after exposing them by means of an incision. Böhm's, for tenotomy, it is the modern method of performing tenotomy. Bond's, for flat-foot; it consists in making two transverse and two semicircular incisions across the side of the foot with a Paquelin cautery, beginning at the inner malle- olus and extending one-third of the distance across the sole of the foot, the semicircular incisions crossing the transverse. The contraction following healing is said to restore the arch. Bonnet's (M. A.): 1. For enucleation of the eye; the conjunctiva is divided at the corneal border, and separated from the ball for some distance back; the tendons are next cut, and pressure backward on the lids will usually dislocate the ball forward, when it may be grasped and the enucleation completed. 2. For the radical cure of hernia; after reduction of the hernia, a fold of skin is tucked up, 903 of the iris from the pupillary margin. OPERATIONS and three or four needles are passed through and allowed to remain; these set up inflammation, which closes the canal. The spermatic cord must be avoided. Bonzel’s, for iridodialysis ; the iris is detached with a small hook through a corneal incision. Borelli’s, for staphyloma, the staphyloma is transfixed with two pins introduced at right angles to each other, and en- circled behind the pins with a thread. Bose’s, for tracheotomy; a vertical incision is made in the middle line for about one-and-a-half or two inches from the center of the thyroid cartilage; a transverse incision is then made along the upper border of the criçoid cartilage to divide the deep cervical fascia. Bos- worth's, for deviated nasal septum, removal of the obstructing tissue by means of a delicate saw. Bot- rel’s, for the removal of naso-Éharyngeal tumors, in order to preserve the free border of the soft palate, Maisonnezezie’s incision is made, followed by AVé/atozz's operation. Bottini's (E.), for enlarged prostate gland; a fresh urethra is bored through the substance of the gland by means of the galvano-cautery. Bouisson’s (F. ), for rhinoplasty; this is very similar to 7%iersch’s operation, but the flaps are formed somewhat differently. Boutonnière : I. For exter- mal urethrotomy, the stricture is divided through an opening made in the urethra just beyond it. 2. For the removal of nasal polypi, extraction through an incision in the middle line of the soft palate. Bow- man’s : I. For comical cornea ; a circular portion of the apex is removed with a small trephine which is not allowed to penetrate the whole thickness of the cornea. 2. For discission ; two needles are passed through the cornea at the same time, one near the inner and the other near the outer margin. The points of the needles are plunged into the center of the membrane and drawn apart by sweeping movements. 3. For ectropion ; The same as v. .4mmon’s operation. 4. For excision of the pupil, the puncture and counter-punc- ture are made with Graefe’s linear knife; the blades of fine scissors are introduced and a triangular piece of the iris, as well as the constrictor pupillae, removed. 5. For fistula of the lacrymal gland; the establishment by means of a thread of a fistula on the conjunctival surface, to permit of the opening in the skin being permanently closed. 6. For iridodesis ; radial incision 7. For lacry- mal obstruction ; slitting of the canaliculi. 8. For ptosis ; subcutaneous division of the tarsal portion of the orbicular muscle. Boyer's, for excision of the tongue; it is done through the mouth by two converg- ing incisions and two lateral ones, meeting at the same point. Bozeman's (AV. ), for vesico-vagina/ſis- Zula ; the edges of the fistula are pared and wire sutures are introduced in the usual manner, after which a lead plate or “button ’’ is threaded on the sutures so as to cover the fistula. It is held in place by perforated shot. Brainard’s : I. For angular amāy/osis of the Ánee, the shaft of the femur is drilled subcutaneously and then fractured. 2. For ectropion, a flap-transplant- ing operation. 3. For ten united fracture, drilling of the fragments to excite reparative action. Brandt’s, for uranoplasty, in cases of a wide cleft and a deep palate, all the molars of the upper jaw are extracted some months before the operation to produce flattening of the palatal arch. Brasdor's, for aneurysm, ligation immediately beyond the aneurysm. Braun's, for ne- phrectomy, it is done by means of a transverse incision eight or ten cm. long, parallel with and one cm. below the arch of the ribs. Bribosia’s, for cataract, the knife is passed across the anterior chamber and the iris is caused to prolapse upon the knife as the incision is made, so that iridectomy is simultaneously performed, OPERATIONS the capsule having previously been lacerated by a stop- needle. Briggs’: I. For traumatic epilepsy; excision of the painful cicatrix. 2. For varicocele; ligation of the veins at two points with subcutaneous division. Brinton's, for amputation through the Anee-joint; the same as Stephen Smith's operation with the exception that the semilunar cartilages are left in situ. Brown's, for nymphomania, amputation of the clit- oris. Browne's, for inversion of the uterus, incis- ion of the fundus, and dilatation of the ‘inverted cervix through the incision. Brüns’ (P.) : I. For am- Autation through the foot, a modification of Pirogoff’s amputation, in which the sawn surface of the os calcis is made concave and the tibia convex. 2. For arth rec- tomy; the interior of the ankle-joint is exposed by two anterior and two posterior vertical incisions, and all diseased tissue, including the synovial membrane, lig- aments, cartilage and bone, is removed by erasion. 3. Flastic ; a quadrilateral gap is closed by displacing a rectangular flap from each side and uniting them in the median line. 4. For removal of a naso-pharyngeal Aolypus, it is done through the upper jaw by an osteoplastic operation, the whole nose being turned over to one side. 5. For restoration of the lower lip; two quadrilateral flaps are fashioned out of the whole thickness of the cheek and upper lip on each side of the mouth, and so turned downward that their upper borders can be sutured together in the median line. Bryant’s (7. ): I. For lumbar colotomy; an oblique incision is made midway between the last rib and the iliac crest. The bowel is fixed in position and opened. 2. For splenectomy, the incision is made a little to the outer side of the linea semilunaris. 3. For varicocele; subcutaneous ligation of the veins at two points by means of two needles. Buchanan’s : I. For lithof- omy, the medio-lateral operation, with the use of an angular staff. 2. For restoration of the lower lip; elevation of an oblique flap from each side of the chin and union of the two flaps in the middle line. 3. For fenotomy for ta/ipes varus in children; division of the tendo Achillis and abductor pollicis muscle, to- gether with the adjoining half of the flexor brevis digi- torum muscle, and, in some cases, part of the deep plan- tar ligament. Buck’s : I. For bone-suture; the use of metallic sutures to keep the bones together after excis- ion of the knee. 2. For chiloplasty, to form a lower lip. Pins are inserted into the skin to mark the points of the incisions, and a triangular flap is made from the cheek on either side of the mouth. 3. For genze val- gum ; a cuneiform osteotomy in which the tibia, fibula, and patella are included. 4. For restoration of the *After lip : (a) for one-sided deficiency, a quadrilateral flap from the lower lip is twisted upward and connected by sutures with the freshened edge of the upper lip; (b) for contracted angle, an incision is made along the red border of the lip skirting the deformed angle; a transverse cut is then made outward, and sutures are introduced. Bumstead’s : I. For circumcision ; the method formerly employed of grasping the fore- skin with forceps and snipping off with a bistoury. 2. For interna/ urethrotomy; done with a modification of Al/aisonmentze’s or Petey’s urethrotome. Burck- hardt's, for retropharyngea/ abscess : an opening is made on the outside of the neck. Von Burow’s : I. For chiloplasty, the large triangular gap is closed by raising flaps on each side after making lateral incis- ions. 2. For entropion : a deep groove is made par- allel to and 3 mm. inside the ciliary margin, with ex- cision of a narrow strip of skin, and closure by su- tures. Busch’s : I. For Dupuytren’s contraction : a triangular flap of skin and subcutaneous tissue is dissected over the palmar cord, the base of the flap 904 * OPERATIONS being where the finger and palm join, and the apex at the proximal extremity. 2. For entropion, removal of a V-shaped piece of skin from the lower lid, fol- lowed by suturing. Butcher's: 1. For dentigerous cysts, cutting away of the expanded bone, followed by the use of the gouge. 2. For double harelip; cutting through the projecting pieces, without dividing the soft parts, or interfering with the vascular supply from behind, previous to bending them back. Buzzi's, for the formation of an artificial pupil, separation of the iris from its peripheral attachment by means of a needle inserted through the cornea. Byrd’s : I. For closure of an artificial amus, the same as Dupuytren’s operation. 2. For imperforate rectum ; the formation of an artificial anus in the perineum, after colotomy. Calignani’s, for neurectomy; resection of the inferior dental nerve through an incision made between the lobe of the ear and the angle of the jaw. Callisen's for lumbar colotomy, a vertical incision is made following the line of the colon. Carden's (R.): 1. A method of performing amputations; the formation of a single anterior tegumentary flap. 2. For ampu- tation above the Anee-joint; a single rounded flap is removed from the front of the joint, and the operation is completed by a circular incision. Carnochan’s : I. For elephantiasis ; ligation of the main artery of the limb. 2. For neurectomy; removal of the second division of the fifth nerve, together with the spheno- palatine ganglion as far back as the foramen rotun- dum. A horizontal incision is made just below the orbit, and this is joined in the middle by a vertical one running downward; this is followed by. exposure of the spheno-maxillary fossa by trephining through the antrum. Carpue's, rhinoplasty; repair of the nose by taking a heart-shaped flap from the forehead. Carter's, for the formation of an artiſi- cial pupil, a small incision is made through the cornea, in front of the plane of the iris, followed by iridotomy. Cassel’s, for exostoses of the ear, re- moval through the external orifice of the ear. Celsus': I. A method of performing amputations, division of the skin by the circular method, its retraction, and the cutting to the bone at the level of the retracted skin. 2. For chiloplasty; the removal of tumors of the lower lip by a V-shaped incision ; horizontal in- cisions are carried out from the base to enable the wound to be approximated more easily. 3. A method of performing embryozomy; also called cervica/ embry- otomy; it is the method of decapitation of the fetus. 4. For lithotomy, localization of the stone by finger in the rectum with perineal incision, 5. For rhino- plasty; flaps are secured from the cheeks, the septum being formed, if necessary, from the upper lip. Cesarean, in case of otherwise impossible labor, incision into the gravid uterus through the abdominal wall, and removal of the fetus. Chalot's, for the removal of naso-pharyngeal polypi, the nasal fossae are opened by dividing the attachments of the upper lip to the bone. The two upper canine teeth are then re- moved, and the alveolus and hard palate divided from before backward from the starting-point. The piece of bone thus isolated is turned down into the mouth, and the polypus is exposed. Chamberlaine's (A’.) : I. For ligation of the first part of the axillary artery; the vessel is exposed by means of a curved incision, having its convexity downward, across the Supra-clavic- ular fossa and extending 9% inch below the clavicle. 2. For ligation of the brachial artery, an incision is made along the lower margin of the clavicle, and this is joined near its middle by a second incision over the deltoid and pectoral muscles. Championnière's, a method of performing embryoſomy, it consists in OPERATIONS 905 evisceration followed by rachiotomy in two or three places and extraction of the fetus in two portions. Charrière’s, internal urethrotomy, it is done with a modification of Civiale's urethrotome. Chassaignac's : I. For amputation of a ſinger; it is done with a single dorsal or palmar flap. 2. For excision of the elbow; a longitudinal, posterior incision is made along the outer side of the olecranon process. 3. For excision of the rectum; it is done by means of scissors, knife, and écraseur. 4. For excision of 4/te tongue; it is done with the écraseur by the suprahyoid method. Chau- vel’s, for restoration of the upper lip; the same as Dieffenbach's operation. Cheever's : I. For the re- moval of a naso-pharyngeal tumor, (a) single opera- tion ; a single incision is made from the inner canthus of the eye to the angle of the mouth on the side on which ther tumor is situated ; an incisor tooth is then extracted, and the superior maxilla is removed ; - § double operation, an osteoplastic operation is per- ormed on both bones, the facial surfaces are divided by horizontal incisions from the middle meatus out- ward to a point below the zygoma. The septum and vomer are then divided, and the lower parts of the jaws are depressed. 2. For removal of tonsillar tumors, it is done by an incision through the neck, passing from the lobule of the ear, downward and forward, to the hyoid bone. A second incision is then made along the hori- zontal ramus of the lower jaw to form a flap. Chesel- den’s : I. A method of performing amputations; it is the same as Celsus' method, except that the skin-flap is dissected loose from its subjacent attachments, and hence increased in length. 2. For iridotomy; a horizon- tal incision is made through the iris by means of a sickle- shaped needle introduced through the sclerotica. 3. For Zithotomy; the lateral operation. See Zithotomy. Cheyne's (W.), for the radical cure of femoral hernia; after reducing the hernia, a flap of the pectineus muscle is raised and made to cover the hernial orifice. Chi- bret’s, for glaucoma, the establishing of corneal drainage. Chiene's, for genu valgum ; the removal of an oblique transverse wedge from the body of the condyle of the femur. Chopart's: I. A method of amputation through the foot; the bony structure is di- vided at the articulation between the astragalus and the calcaneum behind, and the Scaphoid and cuboid bones anteriorly. 2. For restoration of the lower lip; the elevation of a square flap from below. Chry- mar's, for ovariotomy, the pedicle is tied in two por- tions and the ends are left outside. Circular, a method of amputation by a circular sweep of the knife, in con- tradistinction to the flap-operation. Civiale's (J.): I. For internal urethrotomy; a special urethrotome is used to divide the stricture from within outward. 2. For lithotomy; the medio-bilateral operation. See Alithotomy. 3. For lithotrity. See Lithotrity. Clark’s, for urethroplasty for urethral fistula ; the edges of the fistula are pared; then a transverse incision is made through the integuments of the penis about an inch above and below it. The skin-flaps are dissected up and brought together by clamps or quill-suture. Clemot's, for harelp, flaps are turned down on either side, the incision stopping at the red margin of the lip. The cleft is then united from side to side. Cleveland’s, for lacerated perineum; denudation of a triangular area, having for its base a line joining the bases of the labia majora and for its apex the crest of the rectocele. The sutures are introduced in loops, each suture having two points of entrance and two of emergence. Cloquet's (J. G.), a method of circumcis- ion ; it is done by means of an incision by the side of the frenum. Coates’, for interwea/ /hemorrhoid's, a pile is seized with forceps, Coates’ clamp is applied to OPERATIONS its base, a few fine catgut sutures are passed beneath the clamp, the pile is excised, bleeding is checked, the clamps are removed, and the sutures are tied. Cock's, a method of external urethrotomy; the urethra is opened behind the stricture without a guide, the knife being carried into the median line of the peri- neum and the incision extended vertically as far as is necessary. Cohnstein’s, a method of performing Cesarean section ; it is a modification of the usual operation, consisting in turning the whole uterus out of the abdominal wound and making the opening on its posterior aspect. Colles', for single ſhare-lip; the inner margin is incompletely pared and hinged backward on the mucous membrane, to which it is still attached; the outer margin is then transfixed and two flaps are cut, an upper and a lower, which are turned upward and downward respectively, and attached on the opposite side. Colley's, for talipes. See Davies- Colley's operation. Collis', for excision of the tongue. The same as Jaeger's operation. Cooper’s (Sir A.): I. For ligation of the abdominal aorta ; the intra- peritoneal operation. The abdomen is opened by an incision three or four inches in length, made in the linea alba, with the center corresponding to the umbilicus. 2. For ligature of the external iliac artery, an incision four or five inches long is made parallel with Poupart's ligament, and nearly an inch above it, commencing just outside the center of the ligament and extending outward and upward beyond the anterior superior iliac spine. 3. For tinmities and deafness in otitis media chronica, excision of a portion of the membrana tym- pani. 4. For varicocele; excision of a part of the redun- dant scrotum. Cornuan's, for amputation at the hip- joint; disarticulation by a modified oval method, with the summit of the incision on the outer side. Cot- ting's (B. E.), for ingrowing toe-mail, all the over- lying tissues, together with the sides of the toe, are sliced off freely. The contraction in healing pro- duces a cure. Courvoisier and von Hacker's, a method of performing gastro-enterostomy: the jejunum is connected to the stomach directly after tearing or cutting a passage through the bloodless area of the transverse meso-colon, under the meso-colic arch of Riolan. Cowell’s, for glazacoma, paracentesis of the vitreous chamber. Crampton’s : I. For entro- pion, incisions are made in the lid, and healing allowed to take place by granulation. 2. For Zigation of the common iliac artery; the incision is commenced at the anterior extremity of the last false rib, and, proceeding directly downward to the ilium, follows the line of the crest to the anterior superior spine. The vessel is reached from behind. Crédè's, a method of performing Aysterectomy; it is a modification of Freund's operation, and consists in making a resection of the pubes. Cres- cent operation, for Macerated perineum, involving the vaginal entrance only ; a crescent-shaped denudation is made from the vulvo-vaginal entrance, the angles of which extend into the vulvo-vaginal sulci. Cripps' (H.) : I. For excision of the rectum ; dissection of the rectum from the adjacent tissues and removal of the diseased portion, the wound being allowed to heal by granulation. 2. For iliac colotom1 an imaginary line from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus is crossed at right angles, I 9% inches from the superior spine, by an incision 2 % inches long. The bowel is fixed in position and opened. 3. A method of trans- fusion ; it is the same as Aze/ing's operation, the instru. ment, however, being supplied with clips instead of taps. Critchett’s : I. For cataract-extraction ; a slight modification of Graeſe's incision. 2. For evisceration of the eyebal/, a number of deep stitches are passed through the sclera before removing the staphyloma; OPERATIONS 906 after the evisceration they are brought together and tied. 3. For iridodesis ; drawing of the iris through a corneal incision and its ligation with silk. The ligatured loop sloughs off. 4. For £eratoconus ; excision of an ellip- tic portion by a two-edged knife. 5. For staphy- Zonea ; a method of carrying several curved needles through the ciliary region before abscinding the sta- phyloma. 6. For stillicidium lacrimarum, excision of a portion of the posterior wall of the canaliculus, thus forming a reservoir for the tears. 7. For subconjunc- tival strabotomy, a small incision is made at the lower edge of the insertion of the internal rectus, close to which the tendon is divided. A small counter- puncture may be made at the upper edge of the tendon for the escape of the effused blood. Croft’s : I. For exposing the antrum ; an incision is made from the ala nasi to the nasal process of the superior maxil- lary bone, then along the margin of the orbit; the nasal process is cut through with forceps, the peri- osteum stripped off and a portion of bone removed. 2. A lastic, a bridge of sound skin is raised and separ- ated from the subjacent tissues, except at the extremities, by means of oiled silk. After granulation has been es- tablished the adjoining contracted (cicatricial) struc- tures are divided and the bridge of skin severed at one end, and made to occupy the gap. Crosby’s, for back- ward dislocation of the first //alanx of the thumb; the phalangeal portion of the thumb is first raised to a right angle with the metacarpal bone; the proximal phalanx is then pressed from behind forward. (An old method, having been practised by Sir C. Bell and by Gerdy.) Curling's, for varicocele; a straight pin is passed between the vas deferens and the veins about two inches above the testicle, and another three- quarters of an inch below this point. A figure-of-eight ligature is then applied and the veins are divided subcutaneously between the pins. Cusack's, for hemor- 7%oids, removal by the clamp and cautery. Cushing's (A. W.), for suture of the intestine, a right-angled con- tinuous suture is introduced, the needle passing through the serous and muscular coats of the bowel only. Czerny’s (V.) : I. For the radical cure of inguinal hermia ; the sac is exposed and isolated; the neck is tied with a strong catgut ligature, and amputated below this point; the stump is pushed into the abdominal cavity; the borders of the opening are freshened and united by continuous catgut sutures. moval of £onsillar tumors, tracheotomy is performed and the larynx or fauces plugged. The growth is then exposed by cutting downward and outward from the angle of the mouth to the anterior border of the mas- seter, and sawing through the lower jaw, between the second and third molar teeth. 3. For suture of the intestine, a modification of Zembert’s suture, in which there is inserted an inner row of interrupted sutures which unite the mucous membrane only. 4. For vagina/ / /s/erectomy, the uterus is drawn down by Muzeux's forceps and the vaginal vault is completely opened around the cervix. The uterus is separated from the bladder with the finger. A free incision is next made in Douglas's cul-de-sac, when the uterus is turned backward, and brought through the vaginal incision. The peritoneum is now separated anteriorly and the broad ligaments are ligated in from three to six portions on each side. Czerny-Schröder's, hyster- ectomy. See Czerny’s hysterectomy. Dallas', for the radical cure of inguina/ and ſemoral hernia ; after a transverse incision through the integument a special instrument is introduced to produce abrasion of the hernial canal; the instrument is then withdrawn, and the external wound sealed with iodoform-collodion, and a compress applied. The canal is obliterated by the 2. For the re-. OPERATIONS resulting inflammatory action. Davat's, for varico- cele, after separating the vas deferens from the veins, an acupressure pin is passed through the scrotum. By means of a perineum needle a thread is carried sub- cutaneously over the veins through the same skin- punctures as the needle has made. The loop is then slipped over the head of the pin and tied tightly over the needle. A cork is now placed on the point of the pin. Daviel's, for cataract; extraction through a large corneal incision downward, without an iridec- tomy, Davies-Colley's : I. Osteotomy for ſali- Aes, resection of a wedge of bone from the outer side of the tarsus without regard to the articulation. It always includes portions of the os calcis, cuboid, astragalus and Scaphoid bones. 2. For urano- £/asſy, a triangular muco-periosteal flap is dis. Sected from one side of the cleft, while on the other side a raw surface is prepared by reflecting a longitu- dinal flap in such a way that it can be turned, as on a hinge, into the cleft. The first flap is then implanted upon the Second. Davy's, for osteotomy, the same as the ZXavies-Colley’s operation. Dece’s, for webbed ſingers : a fold of skin is pinched up near the base of the web, and dissected toward the commissure; the fingers are then kept apart. Delagarde's, to improve a stump; Stitching of the extensor tendons into the tissues of the sole-flap in Chopart's amputation, to prevent tilting upward of the heel and downward of the scar. Delore's. See Redressement forcé Delpech's: I. For ligation of the first part of the axillary artery; an oblique incision is made down- ward along the gap that separates the pectoralis major from the deltoid, starting from the clavicle. 2. For zurethroplasty; a single flap is raised and carried across the fistula to a new surface prepared for it. Del Toro's, for comical cornea, destroying the apex by means of a white-hot knife. Demarquay’s, for naso- f/a/ſyngeal fumor, an incision is made from the in- ternal angle of the eye along the nasal furrow to the free margin of the nose; it is then carried outward horizontally to the margin of the masseter muscies. Liston’s forceps are used to remove sufficient bone to expose the tumor. Denans', for enterorrhaphy; the joining of the serous surfaces of the cut intestines by means of three metallic tubes. Dennis’, for liga- tion of the internal iliac artery; it is done by a celiot- omy, the abdomen being opened in the middle line by an incision extending from the symphysis pubis to the umbilicus. Denonvillier's, for rhinoplasty; a triangular flap is raised from the side of the nose above the defective ala, with its pedicle internal, and is then displaced downward into position. Desault's (P. J.): I. For double ſhare-lip, gradual and continuous back- ward pressure of the pre-maxillary bone, by means of a bandage. 2. For a preternatural anus ; a plug is placed in the two ends of the intestine so that its mid- dle rests on the spur of mesentery; when the latter has been sufficiently obliterated, the plug is removed and an external obturator bandage is applied. 3. For 7:estoration of Stensen’s duct; a seton is passed through the cheek into the mouth in the course of the duct. When the patency of the new duct has been established, the seton is removed and the external aperture is closed. 4. For stric/ure of the lacrymal duct; the ap- plication of cauterants by means of threads passed through the duct. Desmarres’: I. Iridectomy; after incision of the cornea with eye-forceps, a fold of iris is drawn out and excised. 2. For pterygium, detachment and transplantation of the pterygium. Desprez’, for naso-pharyngeal polypus, removal by an osteoplastic operation through the nose. The car- tilaginous part of the nose is turned over to one side OPERATIONS 907 after division of its connections on the opposite side. Dezeanneau's, for naso-pharyngeal tumor: the hard palate is divided in the middle line, from its junction with the soft palate, forward to or beyond the palato- maxillary suture ; the section is then carried across at right angles until it approaches the alveolar process, when it is turned and carried backward to the soft palate. Dianoux's, for entropion ; the formation of a ciliary and cutaneous flap; separation of the underlying muscle from the tarsus, and suture of both flaps to the margin of the latter. Diday's, for webbed ſingers ; two narrow longitudinal flaps are dissected up from the palmar and dorsal aspects of the fingers, and each flap is then folded round to cover the denuded surface of the finger to which it is attached. Didot's, for zvebbed ſingers ; the same as Diday's operation. Dief- fenbach's (J. F.) : I. For amputation at the hip-joint; an elastic ligature is applied around the limb, a circular incision is made down to the bone, the vessels are se- cured and the ligature removed ; a knife is inserted two inches above the greater trochanter and the incis- ion is carried down the outer aspect of the bone to meet the circular incision; the joint is then disarticu- lated. , 2. For blepharoplasty; a quadrangular flap is taken from the cheek. 3. For chiloplasty; the diseased portion of the lower lip is removed by a wedge- shaped incision; the gap is closed by making horizon- tal incisions on both sides, and then introducing sutures. 4. For cicatricial entropion ; a triangular flap is re- moved and the gap is closed by displacing and trans- planting a large quadrilateral flap and leaving the raw surface to close by granulation. 5. To expose the whole of the upper jaw; an incision is made through the center of the lip, around the ala, and up along the side of the nose to the inner canthus, and then outward just below the margin of the orbit, as far as the malar prom- inence. 6. For the removal of naso-pharyngeal tumors; an incision, beginning at the lower and outer angle of the nostril, is carried along the base of the nose in the naso-labial fold until the ala of that side can be easily turned upward and inward. If necessary the same can be done on the opposite side. 7. Osteoplasty, for cleft in the hard palate; the edges are pared and both soft tissues and bone divided on each side, the detached portions being prised toward the middle line. 8. For restoration of the upper lip, (a) the formation of a quadrangular flap, attached below, at the level of the mouth, which is turned horizontally inward to meet a similar one on the other side; this is the reverse of Sédillot's operation ; (b) two curved incisions start from the apex of the partial central defect and are car- ried round the alae of the nose; the flaps thus marked out are detached and brought together in the median line. 9. For rhinoplasty; (a) repair of the nose by taking a pyriform flap from the forehead; (b) three elongated flaps are raised from the sunken nose and then re-united with sutures, and made to project for- ward by drawing previously detached portions of the cheeks toward the median line. Io. For single hare- lip ; a modification of Stokes' operation in which ad- ditional incisions are made skirting the ala nasi, with the object of securing more tissue. II. For symbleph- aron, it consists in folding the lid inward and plac- ing the skin against the eyeball. I2. For tenotomy; division of the belly of the muscle. Dittel's, for en- Zarged prostate, enucleation of the lateral lobes of the prostate by an external incision. Dolbeau’s, for łłłhotomy, a median incision is made into the prostatic urethra, followed by dilatation of the wound by means of metallic dilators; the stone is then crushed and the débris evacuated. Donegana's, for iridodialysis ; it is done by means of a special needle; the iris is detached OPERATIONS and then incised from its circumference toward the center. Dowell’s (G.), for the radical cure of hermia; plugging of the mouth of the sac with its invaginated fundus and securing the fundus to the Gurrounding tis- sues by sutures tied over a piece of cork. Drausart’s : I. For ptosis; the occipito-frontalis muscle is brought to act on the lid through the medium of cicatricial bands, by means of threads, which are allowed to ulcerate their way through the tracks along which they were passed. 2. For retinal detachment; iridectomy, the re- cumbent position, a pressure-bandage, and subcutane- ous injection of small doses of pilocarpin. Dub- rueil's : I. For amputation of the hand; a single semilunar flap is formed from the dorsal surface of the metacarpal region of the thumb, and when raised, the two ends of its base are joined by a circular incision around the arm at the wrist, followed by disarticulation. 2. For amputation of the toes; disarticulation of the toes en masse at the metatarso-phalangeal joints by a more or less circular incision, a U-shaped flap being cut from the inner side of the great toe. Dudley’s, for retro- zersion of the uterus ; the abdomen is opened, and a strip is denuded from the anterior surface of the uterus, and likewise a strip along the inner side of each round ligament, followed by suturing of the three together. Duncan’s : I. For lacerated perineum ; an incision is made in the median line on the posterior vaginal wall as far as the laceration extends. From the lower end of this an incision is made up along the vulval border of the laceration on either side. The flaps thus out- lined are dissected up, and stitched together, and the labia brought together by deep cutaneous sutures. 2. A method of transfusion, re-infusion of the patient’s own blood mixed with a solution of sodium phosphate. Duplay’s : I. For epispadias, the urethra is formed at the expense of the corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa instead of by flaps. 2. For hypospadias, it is performed in three stages; (1) straightening of the penis and the formation of a meatus; (2) the for- mation of a canal from the meatus to the hypospadiac opening; (3) junction of the old and new canals. Dupuytren’s (G.) : I. Method of performing ampu- tations ; the double-flap method, the skin-incisions being made by cutting from without inward, and the flaps completed by transfixion. 2. For amputation at the shoulder-joint; two rounded flaps are taken from the outer and inner aspects of the arm; the outer flap is made first by transfixion from behind at a point two inches below the acromion; the bone is then disarticu- lated and a short inner flap cut from within outward. 3. For atresia vagina ; combined incision and dilata- tion. 4. For chiloplasty, excision of the diseased tissue, the wound being allowed to heal by granula- tion. 5. For closure of an artificia/anus, compression of the spur with the clamp, followed by a plastic operation on the skin. 6. For division of contracted palmar fascia ; the open method, both skin and fascia being divided by a simple transverse incision. 7. For excision of the elbow. The same as Moreau’s operation. 8. For lithotomy; the bilateral method. See Lithotomy. 9. For stricture of the lacrymal duct; incision of the anterior wall of the sac, and the passage of a fine gold or silver probe through the duct. Io. For suture of the intestine, the edges of the wound are turned in- ward and the opposed folds of serous membrane brought together by means of an ordinary continuous suture, without involvement of the mucous membrane. II. For zwry-zzeck, tenotomy of the sterno-mastoid muscle. Duval's (AZ) : I. For amputation of the leg, an oblique elliptic incision is made around the limb above the malleoli and the bone divided higher than in Guyon's operation. 2. For Zigation of the OPERATIONS 908 common iliac artery, an incision about five inches in length is commenced one-and-one-quarter inches to the outer side of the spine of the pubes, just above Poupart’s ligament; after running parallel with this ligament for one-and-a-half inches, the incision curves' sharply upward and is directed toward a point one- and-one-quarter inches to the outer side of the um- bilicus. Ely's, for otitis media suppurativa chronica; the grafting of small pieces of skin on the granulat- ing surfaces. Emmet's (7. A.): 1. Colporrhaphy; a modification of Sims' colporrhaphy; the sutural ap- proximation of three equidistant, transverse, infracer- vical denuded spots on the anterior wall of the vagina, and the apposition of the opposing edges of the folds thus formed after abrasion. 2. For cystocele and ure- *roceſe, the button/hole operation ; the removal of a Small circular portion of tissue, opening the bladder or urethra, to provide for drainage; this is afterward closed by operation. 3. For lacerated perineum, the crest of the rectocele and the two lower caruncles are drawn together by tenacula, and the tissue thus folded together is denuded as far into the sulci as the folds extend. The V-shaped stitches are passed from the center toward the circumference in the sulci, and the perineum is closed by two or three superficial sutures. 4. For ovariotomy; the pedicle is ligated with silver wire. 5. For procidentia atteri, freshening of the an- terior vaginal wall in the middle line and on either side. The two lateral denudations together should correspond in size and shape to the one in the median line. The lateral fresh surfaces are then folded on the central one and stitched. See Fmmer’s coſporrhaphy. 6. For trachelorrhaphy, the edges of the rent are pared and united by sutures. Erichsen’s : I. For zzevus, ligation of the base with a double ligature which is tied in segments. 2. For varicoceſe; after separation of the was deferens from the veins, an in- cision one-half inch long is made on the anterior and posterior aspects of the scrotum ; the veins are then included in a loop of wire without implicating the scrotum. Esmarch’s : I. For amputation through the foot; a modification of Pirogoff’s amputation ; two incisions are made, one across the sole and the other across the dorsum of the foot. 2. For amputa- tion at the hip-joint, the soft parts of the thigh are divided to the bone by a single sweep of the knife five inches below the tip of the trochanter; the bone is then sawn across and a second incision is made to join the first from a point two inches above the trochanter, when the bone is shelled out. 3. For an/y/osis of the lower jaw; an incision about two inches long is made along the lower border of the jaw, and a wedge-shaped piece of bone is removed from the horizontal portion. Estlander’s : I. Thoraco- p/asy/or empyema, resection of several ribs to allow the chest-wall to come in contact with the lung. 2. For restoration of the lower lip, a triangular flap is so fashioned from the upper lip that its base contains the coronary artery, while its apex is situated on the cheek; this flap is turned downward, with its apex occupying the lower angle of defect. D'Etiolles' (Zeroy): I. For the radical cure of inguinal hermia ; a scro- tal fold is passed in the inguinal canal and held by means of special forceps. 2. For iridectomy, removal of a portion of the iris by an instrument constructed like a tonsillotome. Everbusch’s, for ptosis, it consists in shortening the tendinous attachment of the levator palpebrae to the tarsus. A horizontal in- cision is made in the center of the lid; threads armed at each end are used, and, after transfixing the tendon in the wound, the needles are brought out at the free margin of the lid, and the silk tied. Farabeuf's OPERATIONS (Z. H.) : I. For amputation at the elbow-joint ; (a) an elliptic amputation with the highest point of the ellipse over the prominence of the olecranon; (b) a modi- fication of Guérin's operation in which the single external flap is made longer. 2. For amputation of the foot. See subastragaloid amputation of the same Surgeon, with which this is identical in all essential points. 3. For amputation of the forefinger, dis- articulation at the metacarpo-phalangeal joint by an external palmar flap. 4. For amputation of the great toe, disarticulation at the metatarso-phalangeal joint by an internal plantar flap. 5. For amputation above the knee-joint; a modification of Carden’s amputation in which two flaps are formed, the anterior being the longer one. 6. For amputation of the leg : it is done at the “place of election” by a large external flap, being a modification of Sédillot's operation in which the an- terior tibial artery is preserved ‘in the entire length of the flap. 7. For amputation of the thigh, a modifica- tion of Spencer's amputation in which slightly different flaps are used. 8. For amputation of the ſhumb; disarticulation at the metacarpo-phalangeal joint by an oblique palmar flap. 9. For subastragaloid amputa- tion ; by a large internal and plantar flap. Io. For otherwise impossible labor. See Galbiati's Operation. Fenger's (C.) : I. For gastrostomy; a parietal in- cision is made parallel with and near to the left costal margin. 2. For traumatic cerebral abscess; exploratory puncture and aspiration, in conjunction with trephining. Fenwick's, for excision of the Ánee, both femur and tibia are sawn in a curved line so as to make them fit together more accurately. Fergusson's (Sir W.) : I. For amputation through the foot; the same as Pirogoff’s operation, except that the malleoli are not interfered with, unless dis- eased, the retained portion of os calcis being thrust up between them. 2. For amputation at the hip- joint; a modification of Liston’s amputation in which the posterior flap is made longer than the anterior. 3. For division of the levator palati muscle, a triang- ular-bladed knife, set at right angles, is introduced be- hind the velum and the muscle divided close to its origin. 4. For double hare-lip; removal of the pre- maxillary bone. 5. For excision of the upper jaw; the same naso-labial incision is made as in Zistonz’s operation, a second cut being made from the angle of the mouth to the malar bone, and, if needed, a third at right angles to the outer extremity of the buccal wound. 6. For /i/hotomy, lateral lithotomy with the curved staff. 7. Osteoplasty for a cleft in the hard palate; the same as Dieffenbach’s operation. Fisch- er's, for stricture of the lacrymal duct; the same as Schmalz’s operation, except that a loop of twilled silk is used on the end of a catgut string. Flajani's, for iridodialysis ; the same as Hāmāy’s operation. Flap-operation: I. A method of amputation ; the formation of definite flaps, embracing the skin only, or all the soft parts. 2. For cataract-extraction ; a curved section of the cornea of sufficient extent for the removal of large, hard cataracts. 3. For cicatricial entropion. See Fricke’s and Dieffenbach’s operations. Flap-splitting. See Tait's Operation. Flarer’s, for trichiasis and cicatricial entropion, the lid is split into two portions as far back as the ends of the hair- bulbs of the cilia. The anterior flap, containing the bulbs, is then cut away by incision through the skin from above. Forbes' (S. F.), for amputation through the foot; a modification of Chopart's operation, the three cuneiform bones being disarticulated from the scaphoid and the cuboid bone sawn through in the same line. Forbes' (W. S.), the division of the ac- cessory tendons of the extensor communis digitorum OPERATIONS 909 muscle, in order to give the ring-finger of musicians (especially pianists) greater freedom of action. Förs- ter's, for a ripening cataract, iridectomy, followed by circular rubbing of the cornea with a blunt instru- ment. Forster's (C.), for gastrostomy; a parietal in- cision is made in a vertical direction through the top of the linea semilunaris. Foullioy's, for amputa/iozz at the hip-joint; the same as Ravaton's amputation, the common femoral artery being ligated at the fold of the groin as a preliminary step. Franco's : I. For cystotomy; the original supra-pubic method. See Cystoſ- omy. 2. For double hare-/ip; complete removal of the pre-maxillary bone as a preliminary step. Frank's, a method of performing Cesarean section ; the uterus is turned out of the abdomen before incising; drainage is obtained by passing a tube through the wound and into the vagina ; the round ligaments are brought to- gether and sutured. French’s, for carbuncle; subcu- taneous incision. Frère Côme's, for lithotomy, the high operation. See Zithotomy. Frère Jacques’, for /ithotomy, a long knife is thrust in the ischio-rectal fossa, penetrating the bladder behind the prostate, then cutting forward; a staff is used, which, however, is not grooved. Freund's : I. For hysterectomy; by abdo- minal section. 2. For laceration of the female peri- zzeum, the bilateral method, with extension of the vaginal triangles or tongues along the cicatrices on either side, and leaving sound vaginal wall about the median line. Fricke’s : I. For blepharoplasty; a tongue-shaped flap is taken from the temple or cheek. 2. For cicatricial enetropiozz, a flap-operation similar to Dieffenbach’s operation. Fritsch's : I. For pos- terior colporrhaphy for extreme degrees of rectocele; a modification of Simon's operation ; denudation of the posterior vaginal wall, with a larger perineal denuda- tion. The raw surfaces are closed by vaginal and perineal sutures. 2. For vaginal hysterectomy; the broad ligaments are first operated upon ; lateral in- cisions are made in the vaginal vault, the tissues care- fully separated, hemorrhage controlled by sutures, and the incisions united by anterior and posterior incisions; the uterus is turned forward and brought down. Fritz's, for the radical cure of inguinal hernia; after reduction, pins, protected at each end by ivory or bone discs, are passed in front of and behind the cord in the canal and allowed to remain ten days; ulceration results, which is intended to close the canal and consequently cure the hernia. Fryer's, a method of transfiesion ; the direct method, with the use of a modified Aveling instrument. Fuchs' (E.), for tarsorrhaphy; the lower lid is split into two laminae to the desired extent by an intermarginal incision; this is converted into a flap by a short incision downward from the inner extremity of the first incision ; the same incision as the first is made in the upper lid and then the zone of hair- follicles is ablated; the wound is then sutured. Fur- nari’s : I. For iridectomy; the same as Physicä’s operation. 2. For pannus ; removal of a circular strip of conjunctiva at the circumference of the cornea. Gagnele's, for varicocelle ; subcutaneous ligation of the varicose veins by silver wire twisted on metal buttons. Gaillard-Arlt's, for entropion. See Arlº's Operation. Galabin's : I. For lacerated perineum ; the denudation follows the cicatrix, but extends a little beyond in all directions. 2. A method of Arans- fusion ; the direct method ; a piece of elastic tubing, supplied at the extremities with cannulae and spring- clips, is employed. Galbiati's, for otherwise impossible /abor due to contracted pe/vis, I. Also called bi-pubeo- tomy and ischio-pubeotomy; it consists in the division of the ischiatic and horizontal branches of the pubes with the chain-saw, followed by the application of the ob- OPERATIONS stetric forceps to the head of the fetus. 2. Symphysio- tomy. Galezowski's : I. For cataract; the incision is made as in Wright's operation, except that the point of the knife is made to divide the capsule. 2. For pſe/J- gium, turning of the apex under the base. 3. Forsytec- tomy; it is done by means of a needle with a cutting- edge. Gant's: 1. For excision of ſ/he Zongue; a modifi- cation of Jaeger's operation. 2. For an/ylosis of ſhe hip- joint; division of the shaft of the femur just below the lesser trochanter. Garretson’s, for staphy/orrhap/y; the same as Pergusson's operation, except that the operator stands behind the patient. Garrigues', a method of transfusion ; the indirect method, the blood being defibrinated and filtered before being injected. Gély's, for suſure of the intestine, two straight needles at the ends of a single thread are introduced behind and at the sides of the wound, and made to traverse the outer coats of the bowel in a direction parallel to the edge of the wound for a dis- tance of four or five mm. The needles are then crossed and the procedure repeated as often as necessary. Gensoul’s : I. For double ſhare-lip, forcible repression of the pre-maxillary bone by seizing the projecting tubercle at its extremity and fracturing the bony pro- cesses that support it. 2. For excision of the upper jaw; one incision is carried vertically downward from the level of the inner canthus through the lip ; a second is started at right angles to the first at the level of the floor of the nose; and a third is carried upward in front of the ear to the external angular process of the frontal bone. 3. For stricture of the lacrymal duct. See Zaforest's Operation. Gérardin’s, for prolapse of the uterus ; denudation of the median portion of the ventral and dorsal vaginal walls, or of the ventral lip of the cervix and dorsal vaginal wall, and union by sutures. Gerdy’s (AE. Av.) : I. For entropion ; also called the scalping operation; removal of the entire margin of the lid. 2. For the radical cure of inguinal hermia ; by invagination of the scrotum in the inguinal canal, and its retention there by means of a suture passed by a long needle. 3. For stricture of the lacrymal duct; by two verti- cal parallel incisions into the duct, with excision of a quadrilateral piece of bone from the inner wall. Gibson's : I. For the formation of an artificial pupil. See Beer’s Operation. 2. For cataract; removal of a soft lens through a small corneal incision. Gilles- pie's, for excision of the wrist ; it is done by a single longitudinal dorsal incision between the extensor communis and extensor Secundi muscles, without division of the tendons. Gioppi’s, for cataract; the lens in its capsule is extracted with a spoon-like instrument through an incision similar to Graefe’s incision. Giraldés’, for single ſhare-/ip, the mortise ofteration : two flaps are made, the first with its base attached above to the root of the nose, the second attached below, on the opposite side of the cleft at the muco-cutaneous junction; an incision is then made outward from the ala and the surfaces are approximated by turning the first flap up and the second down. Giraud’s, for stricture of the lacrymal ducº, a modification of Desault's operation, in which a thread is passed through the duct. Godlee's, for hepatotomy, it is performed in two stages, as in Polkmann's operation, except that stitches are passed deeply into the substance of the liver, and in a double row. Goodsall's, for horse- shoe ſistula in ano; a single division is made in the posterior median line, to avoid incontinence from re- peated division of the sphincter. Gould's (Pearce) : I. For amputation of the penis complete removal of the organ by dissecting off the crura. 2. For varicocele, the was deferens is separated from the veins at the upper OPERATIONS part of the scrotum, and the skin is divided between the two by transfixion ; the veins are then secured in a loop of platinum wire attached to a battery. Gouley's : (J. W. S.) I. For external urethrotomy; a small conduc- tor is passed through the stricture, and, guided by this, the stricture is divided and a catheter conducted into the bladder. 2. For extirpation of the penis, a curvilinear incision is made on either side of the root of the penis; the cavernous bodies and the urethra are transfixed with needles, and the organ is amputated % inch in front of these ; a grooved staff is passed into the bladder; a sharp-pointed scalpel is carried through the perineum and lodged in the groove of the staff, and all the tissues are divided from behind for- ward; the urethra is stitched to the skin ; the crura are removed. 3. For hypospadias, a flap is removed from either side of the normal site of the urethra, and the skin brought forward so that the denuded surfaces are doubled on themselves; they are then secured by stitches. 4. For internal urethrotomy; it is done with a special tunneled urethrotome after Maisonneuve and Voillemiér; or, with a special dilating instrument. Goyrand's (AV) : I. For divi- sion of the contracted palmar fascia ; a longitudinal incision is made in the skin in the long axis of the contracted band, which, when exposed, is divided transversely. 2. For ligation of the internal mammary artery, an oblique incision two inches long is made at the end of the intercostal space near the edge of the ster- num. Von Graefe’s : I. For ca/aract, extraction of the cataract through a scleral incision, with iridectomy and laceration of the capsule. 2. For comical cornea ; (a) A small portion of the cornea is removed in the immediate vicinity of the apex of the cone, without perforation, in order to induce cicatricial contraction. (b) The production of an ulcer at the apex of the cornea to give rise to cicatricial contraction. 3. For dacryops; the introduction of a fine thread through the lacrymal duct and anterior wall of the cyst; the ends are tied and the ligature is allowed to slough through, or the tissue may be divided after a few days. 4. For ectroſion ; the denudation of a wedge-shaped portion of the lid, and the edges brought together by a hare-lip suture, after an incision in the cheek, parallel with the margin of the orbit. 5. For entropion ; (a) two vertical incisions are made through the skin of the upper lid, which lid is split into an anterior and a poster- ior leaf, and the cutaneous margins are entered higher up along the vertical incisions. (b) A horizontal incision is made through the skin of the upper lid, and a triangular piece of skin, with its base downward, is removed ; also a triangular portion of the tarsus, base upward, is removed ; the wound is then sutured, 6. For evisceration, removal of the cornea and ad- jacent zone of the sclera; the contents of the eye- ball are entirely scooped out with a spoon, and the opening is closed with sutures. 7. For fistula of the Zacryma/ gland, extirpation of the gland. 8. For prolapse of //e /ower /id's, excision of a triangular portion of skin, and closure of the wound vertically. 9. For ptosis; excision of the fibers of the orbicu- laris muscle. Io. For retinal detachment, incision of the retina by a needle made to penetrate the vitreous chamber through the sclerotic, near the cornea. 11. For rhinoplasty; the same as the Tagliaco- /ian method, 7. v. 12. For single ſhare-lip, the edges are prepared by an arch-like incision and brought together with the muco-cutaneous margins even. I3. For staphyloma, the production of suppurative choroid- itis, followed by natural atrophy of the globe of the eye. 14. For strabotomy, a small incision is made mid- way between the center and the lower edge of the mus- OPERATIONS cle's insertion (internal rectus) near the edge of the cornea; a hook is introduced from below upward and the tendon is divided close to its insertion. 15. For trichiasis, a modification of Arlº's operation, the lid is split into two flaps, and the flap containing the hair-bulbs is transplanted away from the margin of the lid after two vertical incisions have been made on either side. Graefe-Romberg, for blepharospasm; division of the supraorbital nerve. Green's : I. For en- tropion, an operation combining the essential features of the Arlº /aesche and Anagnostakis' operations, but the chief feature is that the sutures are made to include the upper border of the tarsus and the tendon of the levator. 2. For readjustment of the levator pape- brae muscle, dissection through the upper border of the upper lid to reach the eyeball, without opening the conjunctival sac, followed by suture of the tendon of the levator. Gritti's (R.), for amputation above the Ánee-joint, the patella is preserved, in a long anterior flap, and, having had a thin slice removed from its deep surface, is secured in apposition with the femur, the latter having been deprived of its articular surface by being sawn through the condyles. Gross' (S.D.): I. For amputation of the foot; a modification of Syme’s operation, the plantar incision is made further an- teriorly, thus affording greater chances of a good blood- supply. 2. For amputation of the great toe, the operation is performed through the continuity of the metatarsal bone, not at the articulation; there is a dor- sal incision. 3. For varicocele, subcutaneous ligation with a stout cord or silver wire and a cork compress. Gross' (S. W.), for internal urethrotomy; a special exploratory urethrotome is used to divide the stricture from within outward. Grossmann’s, for retirza/ de- tachment; aspiration of the effused sub-retinal fluid and slow injection of a warm saline solution into the vit- reous. Gruening’s : I. For pannus, curetting of the cornea. 2. For removing steel or iron from the eye; by means of a magnet the foreign body is drawn out through the original wound, or extracted through an incision made in the sclera, when the particle can be drawn to a favorable site. Guérin's : I. For ampu- tation at the elbow-joint; by a single external flap. 2. For carbuncle. See Aºrench’s operation. 3. For excision of part of the upper jazz,, a curved incision, with its convexity outward, is made from the ala of the nose to the angle of the mouth ; the soft parts are dissected up, the nostril opened, and the bone re- moved by dividing the hard palate in the middle line and its facial aspect outward to the maxillary tuberos- ity. 4. For iridotomy, a crucial incision of the iris through the cornea. 5. For the removal of a naso- pharyngeal polypus, by removal of part of the upper jaw. , See Guérin's excision of part of the upper jaw. 6. For subconjunctival strabotomy, a Z-shaped teno- tome, introduced between the muscle and the sclera, divides the former when the cutting-edge of the instru- ment is turned forward, and a slight Sawing motion is applied. Guérin and Brodhurst's, for congenital dis- location of the hip; subcutaneous division of the stronger muscles connecting the femur and the pelvis, followed by continuous extension. Guérin and Desmarre's, for corectopy, by means of a punch-like knife a small portion of the cornea is removed, into which opening the iris falls, and is retained by adhesions. Günther's, for amputation at the hip-joint, disarticulation by a modi- fied oval method, with the summit of the incision on the outer side. Gussenbauer's : I. For suture of the in- testine, it combines the Czerny and Zembert sutures in one, but does not traverse the mucosa. 2. For tapping the pericardium, resection of part of the fifth rib, fol- lowed by incision of the pericardium. Guthrie's : I. OPERATIONS For amputation at the hip-joint; antero-posterior flaps are made by cutting from without inward. 2. For 911 amputation at the neck of the humerus, it is done by the oval method, the incision being commenced beneath the acromion process and carried to the inner side of the arm, then beneath to the outside, where it is met by another incision begun at the same point as the first. 3. For ligation of the first part of the axillary artery; an incision is made in the course of the artery through the ventral fold of the armpit, with complete division of the soft parts. Guyon's, for amputation of the leg; supra-malleolar division of the bones and covering of the terminal part of the stump with the tissues of the back of the heel. Hagedorn's : I. For double hare-lip; the soft parts covering the premaxillary bone are pared, also the margins of the cleft, and the parts are then brought together by sutures. 2. For single hare-lip; the mar- gins of the gap are isolated by incisions and removed, and the raw surfaces are brought together. Hahn's: I. For gastrostomy, the parietal incision is made parallel with the lowest rib, and the stomach is opened through the eighth intercostal space. 2. For intuba- tion of the pylorus, gastrotomy is performed and the tube is carried through the stenosed pylorus into the duodenum and left there. 3. For Ánock-knee, osteot- omy on the outer as well as on the inner side of the femur. 4. For nephrorrhaphy, the capsule of the kidney is exposed by an incision in the loin between the ilium and the last rib. In the first operation sutures were carried through the perinephric fat alone; later, they were placed in the capsule proper. Halpin's, for extirpation of the lacrymal gland; a curved inci- sion is made through the middle of the eyebrow, with removal of the gland, and drainage. Halsted's (W. S.): I. For the radical cure of inguinal hermia; the same as Bassini's operation. 2. For suture of the intes- fine, a modification of Lembert’s suture in which each stitch includes not only the whole muscular coat, but also a little of the submucous coat. Hancock's : I. For amputation through the foot; a modification of Pirogoff’s operation in which the sawn surface of the os calcis is brought in contact with the transverse sec- tion of the astragalus. 2. For glaucoma, intraocular ciliary myotomy. Handyside's, a method of per- forming ovariotomy; the ligatures of the pedicle are carried through Douglas's pouch into the vagina. Hardie's, for division of a contracted palmar fascia; a modification of Goyrand’s open method, in which an incision is made across the hand above the principal transverse fold of the palm and over the tense fascia. Harrison's (R.) : I. For internal urethrotomy, a special urethrotome is used to divide the stricture from without inward. 2. For puncture of the bladder through the prostate gland; a special straight trocar is introduced in the middle line 34 of an inch in front of the anus, and pushed through the prostate into the bladder. Hasner's, for blepharoplasty; two tongue- like flaps are made, one above, and the other below the eye, to supply the deficiency in the lid. Hawkins', for contraction of the palmar fascia, one transverse in- cision in the palm, to divide the large fascial bands, and semicircular incisions at the base of the little and ring- fingers, to divide the digital prolongations of the fascia. Hay's : I. For stricture of the lacrymal duct; the pas- sage of a special probe, having a hook at one extremity. 2. For stradismates, conjunctival incision and tenotomy. Heart's, for excision of the tongue; the section through the tongue is made with an écraseur. Heath's, for fixity of the lower jaw; division of the ascending ramus beneath the masseter with a saw introduced through the mouth by means of a small incision above the last molar tooth. Heaton's (G.), for the radical OPERATIONS cure of inguinal hermia ; the subcutaneous injec- tion of an astringent solution to produce irrita- tion and contraction of the tissue about the rings. Hegar's : 1. For Colporrhaphy for /acerated peri- neum ; also called the median operation ; it consists in a triangular denudation upon the dorsal wall of the vagina, the base of the triangle being parallel with the lower margin of the vagina, and the apex reaching almost to the cervix, an oval denudation being made upon the skin-perineum. 2. For oãphor- ectomy; the same as Battey's operation. Hegar- Tait's, for oãphorectomy; a misnomer for 7ait's oper- ation. Heineke's: 1. For exostosis of the external meatus of the ear; removal by means of a mallet and gouge. 2. For pyloric obstruction ; the ventral wall of the strictured pylorus is divided in the long axis of the canal, and the incision is carried for the distance of one inch into the healthy tissue; the incision is then sutured in a transverse direction by catching the center of the cut on either side and mak- ing traction. Heineke-Mikulicz’s, for pyloric obstruc- tion ; the same as Aſeineke's operation. Heisrath’s, for trachoma, the excision of a moderately broad piece of the transition-fold of the conjunctiva, the incision to include the subconjunctival tissue and a portion of the tarsus. Heliodorus', for the radical cure of in- guinal hermia ; after reduction of the hernia the sac is twisted and incised, gentle traction being made so that sufficient of the sac may be removed. Henry’s, for varicocele; a modification of Cooper's operation ; the application of a specially devised clamp, from above downward, in the line of the raphe, and re- moval of the redundant skin. Herzenstein’s, for trichiasis ; this is especially applicable in the partial forms; a ligature is passed subcutaneously around the roots of the offending cilia, and allowed to cut its way out. Herzfeld’s, for carcinoma of the uterus ; extir- pation of the uterus through a sacral opening. Heur- teloup's, for varicocele ; a modification of Cooper's operation ; it consists in resection of the redundant scrotum, together with a portion of the veins behind. Hey’s : I. For amputation through the foot the same as Lisſranc's operation, except that the internal cunei- form bone is sawn through in a line with the articulation of the second metatarsal bone, instead of being disar- ticulated. 2. For ampuſation of the leg; the amputa- tion is made in the middle of the leg by a long pos- terior flap, cut by transfixion, and a slightly shorter anterior one. High Operation: I. Supra-pubic lithotomy. See Zithotomy. 2. Deſizery by forceps of a fetus, the instrument being applied at the superior strait. Hill’s (B.), for internal zerethrotomy, it is done with a modification of Al/aisonneuve's urethrotome. Hil- ton’s : I. For amputation of the penis ; the spongy body is divided about 9% inch in front of the cavern- ous portion, splitting it longitudinally and uniting the lateral flaps to the skin. 2. For opening an axillary abscess; an incision is made through the skin with a knife; then a grooved director is pushed into the deeper structures until pus escapes. 3. For fissure of the anus ; an incision is made from without, a sharp-pointed bistoury being inserted beneath the base and the point made to protrude in the bowel. 4. For obturator hernia ; it is done by abdominal section and withdrawing the intestinal loop from within. Himly’s : I. For corectopy; the same as Adams' operation. 2. For iridodialysis ; the same as Scarpa's operation, except that the needle is introduced through the cornea. 3. For symblepharon, preliminary per- foration of the adhesion along the fornix, and the pass- ing of a lead wire along the canal so formed, thus converting a posterior into an anterior symblepharon, OPERATIONS 912 which can then be operated upon by simply separating the adhesions. Von Hippel's, for transplantation of the cornea ; a circular portion of the leukomatous cornea is removed by means of a trephine, the membrane of Descemet being left intact; a piece of the whole thickness of a rabbit's cornea is then excised with the same trephine and transplanted. Hirschberg’s, for detachment of the retina ; paracentesis of the Sclera over the seat of the effusion. Hodgson's : I. For /ćgation of the axillary artery, a semilunar incision is made just below the clavicle, terminating near the anterior margin of the deltoid muscle. 2. For ligation of the femoral artery; ligation at the apex of Scarpa's triangle. Hoffa's, for congenital dislocation of the hip; the head of the femur is reached through a 3-inch incision and freed from its attachments; the cotyloid cavity is then gouged out to receive it, and reduction is accomplished under ex- tension. The dressing consists of a plaster-of-Paris bandage, with continuous extension. Hoin’s, for amputation at the Knee-joint, it is done by the posterior- flap method. Holmes’ (7.) : I. For ectopia vesica, closure by means of reversed and superimposed flaps. 2. For excision of the os calcis, an incision is made from the inner edge of the tendo Achillis along the upper border of the os calcis and the outer border of the foot to the calcaneo-cuboid joint, and this is joined by another incision running across the sole, the peroneal tendons being divided. 3. For varicoceſe, a Small incision is made in the scrotum, and the veins are ligated with kangaroo tendon. Holt's, for internal urethrotomy; rupture of the stricture by rapid dilata- tion. Horn’s, for chiloplasty; removal of the diseased tissue by a V-shaped incision, and filling in of the gap by tissue from the maxillary bones. Horner's : I. For cicatricial ectropion ; the lid is dissected loose and a flap from the cheek is used to fill in the gap produced. 2. For salivary fistula, the diseased tissues are cut out with a punch, on a wooden spatula held in the mouth; the external wound is then closed. Horsley's (V.), for craniectomy, the skull is exposed by raising a flap, and the bone is removed with the trephine and bone- cutting forceps. Hotz's : I. For entropion ; it is on the same principle as Anagnostakis’ operation, but more of the orbicularis muscle is removed, and the sutures are placed higher up. 2. For trichiasis ; the skin above the lid-margin is united to the upper border of the tarsal cartilage. Howse's : I. A method of performing gastrostomy, a vertical incision is made in the sheath of the rectus muscle, a little to the inner side of its outer border. 2. For lumbar colotomy; a modification of Bryant's operation in which the oper- ation is carried out in two stages, two pairs of pressure- forceps being made to grasp the muscular coats of the colon, and to hold the bowel until the time for estab- lishing the artificial amus. 3. For neſ/ro-Zizhotomy; an incision is made in a vertical direction, and this is supplemented by a transverse one; the knife is entered close to the edge of the erector spinae muscle, below the lower border of the twelfth rib, and is carried obliquely downward and forward toward the crest of the ilium. 4. For zaricoce/e, after the was deferens has been separated from the veins, an incision I}4 or 2 inches long is made over the varicocele; the veins are then ligated above and below, and the included bundle is excised. Hue’s, for performing circumcision ; an elastic ligature is made to transfix the dorsal aspect of the prepuce by means of a curved needle; the ligature is then tied in front and allowed to cut through. Hueter's : I. For excision of the elbow ; a modifica- tion of Ollier's operation. 2. For excision of the facial zzerze, the incision is made in front of the ear, and one OPERATIONS of the branches of the nerve is exposed in the parotid gland; this is to be followed back to the trunk. 3. For excision of the shoulder, it is done by a single anterior vertical or oblique incision. 4. For chiloſº/asſy (ſower /2); the margins of the defect are brought together and an incision is made in the cheek horizontally outward from the oral angle, involving the whole thickness on the distorted side ; the mucosa on each side of the new wound is reflected a little and then united to the skin by sutures. 5. For 7%inoplasty, a quadri- lateral flap is taken from the dorsum of the nose to form a new columna. 6. For stretching the facial nerve; an incision two inches long is made in front of the ear, its center being opposite to the upper part of the lobule. Huguier's : I. A method of performing colotomy, the right lumbar operation. 2. For irido- dialysis, the iris is divided from the center to the cir- cumference, and each lip is then detached. 3. For the removal of a naso-pharyngeal tumor, the same as Bérard’s operation, except that a smaller fragment is removed; the bone is divided horizontally from the maxillary tuberosity to the anterior nares, and the base of the pterygoid process is cut through: the lower part of the jaw is then dislocated downward within the mouth. Hulke's, for fistula of the ſacrymal gland, a silk thread armed with a needle at either end is passed from the orifice of the fistula through the con- junctiva and allowed to remain; a triangular portion of the upper lid is thus included in the thread. Hum- phrey's : I. For amputation of the penis, a circular skin-flap is made, the urethra is dissected loose from its attachments to the stump of the corpora cavernosa, drawn through a slit made at the base of the scrotum on the under side and attached to the margins of the slit so as to make an artificial meatus in the perineum. 2. For excision of the condyle of the lower jaw; the condyle is exposed by reflecting a triangular flap up- ward, and the bone is sawn through the neck, all of the condyle and external pterygoid process being removed. Hunter's (John): 1. For aneurysm, ligation of the artery on the cardiac side of the aneurysm at some dis- tance from it. 2. For internal urethrotomy, it is done with a special dilating urethrotome. 3. For ligation of the femoral artery; it is done in the aponeurotic canal. 4. For trichiasis; after puncturing the hair-bulb with a fine knife to the depth of 9% of an inch, a needle, dipped in some irritant, is introduced and the hair extracted. Hutchinson’s : I. A method of performing ovari- otomy, application of a clamp to the pedicle. 2. A method of transfusion : the indirect method, with the use of a fountain-syringe devised for the purpose. 3. For varicoceſe; the open method of deligation. Indian, for 7%inoplasty; a flap is taken from the forehead, with its pedicle at the root of the nose; hollow plugs are inserted into the nostrils, and the flap is secured. See Keegan's operation. Invagina- tion Method. See Jobert’s operation. Italian Operation: 1. For cystotomy. See Allarton's opera- tion. 2. For rhinoplasty; the skin is taken from the arm over the biceps; the flap is cut on three sides, and after the skin has shrunk it is fitted to the fresh margins of the defect, the arm being bandaged in position for at least eight days. Jaboulay's. See AExothyropexy. Jacobs', for trichiasis; scalping of the edge of the lid, including the cilia and the hair. bulbs. Jacobson’s : I. For amputation of the penis ; it is done by the flap-method, the flap being taken from above. 2. For cataract-extraction ; Scleral Sec- tion, the flap skirting the lower margin of the cornea ; iridectomy. Jacque's, for excision of the tongue; it is done through an opening made in the cheek. Jaeger's : 1. For cataract-extraction, the incision is OPERATIONS made with a concave knife. 2. For ectropion : detach- ment of the everted lid, except at the angles, and its adaptation to the eyeball. 3. For ectropion of the up- per lid; the incision is made parallel to the edge of the lid, with excision of a portion equal to the differ- ence in the lengths of the lids; the wound is then sutured. 4. For entropion : excision of a portion of the lid with the cilia and hair-bulbs, and healing by granulation. 5. For excision of the elbow; a modifi- cation of Moreazz's incision, in which the outer verti- cal limb of the H is omitted. 6. For excision of the tongue; excision through an opening made in the cheek by a curved incision extending from the angle of the mouth to the anterior edge of the masseter muscle. 7. For trichiasis, paring away of the edge of the lid; removal of the portion of skin over the hair-bulbs. Jaesche's : I. For distichiasis; the mar- gin of the lid is separated except at either end; an incision is made parallel to this, and the intermediate portion of skin is removed; the wound is then closed with sutures. See Arlº's Operation. 2. Plastic, the triangular gap is closed by displacing and transplant- ing a flap marked out by a curved lateral incision, and sutures are applied. Janin's, for iridotomy; a vertical incision of the iris is made on the inner side of the pupil by a knife or scissors introduced through the cornea. Jeffray's, for excision of the Anee; it is done by two vertical lateral incisions. Jenks', for lacerated peri- neum, denudation of the surface by means of scissors introduced at the lower edge, close to the integument, and made to dissect up the lower surface without being withdrawn. Jobert's (M.): I. For castration; a curved incision is made upon the scrotum, with its convexity turned downward and inward. 2. For /igation of the apper part of the popliteal artery, an incision, three inches in length, is made parallel with and just pos- terior to the tendon of the adductor magnus muscle, commencing at the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thigh. 3. For the radical cure of hernia, two cannulated needles are passed and the cannulae allowed to remain until the requisite amount of inflammation has been produced. 4. For suture of the intestine ; the invagination method; the upper segment is transfixed near the divided margin on two opposite sides by a needle and thread; the two ends of the thread hanging down on each side are both armed with needles, and, the intestinal wall of the lower segment being transfixed, the invagination is completed, partly by traction on the sutures, and partly by Squeezing. Jones’ (P.), for lumbar coloſomy; a modification of Bryant's operation in which the lower end of the colon is closed by detaching the mucosa from the upper segment of the bowel and adjusting it by sutures. Jones' (S.), a method of performing gastrostomy & the parietal incision is made almost in a vertical direction, in a line drawn from the left nipple to the spine of the pubes. Jones’ (IV), for ectropion : a V-shaped incision is made with its apex directed away from the margin of the lid; when this is united with sutures, after the skin has been freed from the underlying tissues, the wound is Y- shaped. Jordan's, for resection of the nose for removal of polypi, osteoplastic resection of the nose and split- ting of the upper lip to give more room. Jordan's (Furneaux) : I. For amputation at the hip-joint : the soft parts are divided down to the bone by the circular method, as low down as possible, and the femur is shelled out by a longitudinal incision along the outer side of the thigh. 2. For amputation at the shoulder-joint, the soft parts are divided down to the bone by the circular method, three or four inches below the axilla, and the humerus is shelled out by a longi. 913 OPERATIONS tudinal incision along the outer and posterior aspect of the limb, meeting the circular incision at right angles. 3. For excision of the tongue, division of the cheek back to the ramus of the jaw, and removal of the diseased part by two Écraseurs, worked simultane- ously. The same as Jaeger's operation. 4. For removal of a tumor of the naso-pharynx, an incision begin- ning at the gingivo-labial fold, just below the posterior margin of the nostril, is carried forward into the nasal cavity, on through the ala of the nose, and along the lateral aspect of the nose; the whole upper lip is then divided, the flaps turned aside, and the anterior nares exposed. Jörg’s, for otherwise impossible labor. See Zaparo-edy/rotomy. Jurine's, for iridotomy, the needle is introduced through the sclerotic, and the iris is punctured from behind forward, and from before backward, and the punctures are united by an incision. Kappeler’s, for cholecystemterostomy,” it is performed in one stage; the distended gall- bladder is emptied by puncture with a trocar, and the margins of the wound, after being enlarged, are united, by means of a double row of sutures, to the highest part of the jejunum. Keegan’s, a method of rhinoplasty; the Zºdian method; the flap being de- rived mainly from one side of the forehead. Keen's (W. W.) : I. For linear craniotomy; the skull is exposed through a slight flap, and the bone is divided by means of a special bone-cutting forceps. 2. For frominent auricles ; a large oval piece of skin is re- moved from the back of the ear, and a V-shaped piece of cartilage is excised. 3. For stretching the facia/ zzerze, the use of a weak faradic current to find the nerve, and stretching from the periphery toward the center; the remainder of the operation is the same as Baum's operation. Keetley's (C. B.), for the radica/ cure of umbilical/ternia ; after separation and torsion of the sac, it is drawn, by means of a ligature, into a pre- pared space between the linea alba and the peritoneum, above the umbilical ring. Kehrer's : I. A method of performing Cesarean section ; a modification of the usual operation, in which the uterus is opened at the level of the internal os by a transverse incision. 2. For depressed nipple, excision of a ring of skin around the nipple, and healing by granulation. Keith’s : I. A method of performing hysſerectomy for myoma : either enucleation, or removal of the entire organ and its appendages, with the clamp treatment of the pedicle. 2 A method of performing ozariotomy; treatment of the pedicle with the cautery and clamp. Kelly's (A. A.), for retro-positions of the uterus ; median celiotomy, followed by stitching of the uterus to the ventral abdomi- nal wall. Kelsey's, for inguina/ coſoſomy, the incision is parallel to and half an inch above Poupart's ligament. Kerr's, for amputation at the hip-joint ; the same as Razafon's amputation. Kessel’s : I. For establishing a permanent perforation in the ear-drum : it consists in the removal of the tendinous ring that attaches the drum-membrane to the bone, and in chiseling away a portion of this bone along the posterior circumference. 2. For the mobilization of the stañes, in chronic non- suppurative middle-ear inflammation ; it consists in separating the inflammatory adhesions. Key's, for lithotomy; the lateral operation with the straight staff. See Lithotomy. Keyes’ (E. L.), for varicocele; sub- cutaneous ligation with a special needle, carrying two silk ligatures; it is best performed in the standing position under the use of cocain. Kinloch's, for in- ternal urethrotomy; it is done with a special urethro- tome used to divide the stricture from within outward. Klineberger’s, for Mumbar nephrectomy, a curved in- cision is made with its convexity upward and outward. Knapp's (H.) : I. For blepharoplasty, the formation 58 OPERATIONs 914 of a quadrangular flap from the cheek and nose, followed by the insertion of sutures. 2. For cataract-extraction ; the formation of de Wecker's corneal flap ; a broad iridectomy and peripheral opening of the capsule; the lens is expelled by gentle pressure on the lower part of the cornea. 3. For c/e/? /obule of the ear, denudation by transfixion, and cutting out and suturing. 4. For codoboma palpebrae, a combination of simple union and blepharoplasty. 5. For divergent strabismus, division of the external rectus; insertion of a double suture through the inner margin of the cornea and through the inner canthus. 6. For evisceration ; a modification of Critchedé's method, in which conjunctival instead of Scleral sutures are used. 7. For pterygium ; a modi- fication of Desmarre's operation ; the corneal portion is excised, and the remainder is divided into two parts, one being transplanted under the conjunctiva above the wound and the other below. 8. For staphyloma, a modification of Critchett's meſ/hod of closing the wound after operation upon the staphyloma. Critchett inserted stitches in the sclera, Knapp only in the conjunctiva. 9. For symblepharon ; a modification of Zeale's operation. Knox's, for excision of the tongue, a vertical incision is made through the center of the lower lip, and the inferior maxilla is ex- posed and sawn through at the symphysis; the tongue is then dealt with as the case demands. Kocher's: 1. For excision of Zhe ankle-joint, the incision is made beneath the external malleolus, and is followed by division of the peroneal tendons after being secured with threads, and opening of the joint with removal of the diseased parts; the foot is replaced and the tendons sutured. 2. For excision of the thyroid gland; an incision is made in the median line from the sternal notch to the upper limit of the bron- chocele; from this point two lateral incisions are made upward and outward to a point a little below the angle of the jaw. 3. For excision of the tongue; preliminary tracheotomy and packing of the pharynx with sponges; the incision begins below the tip of the ear, extends along the anterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle to about its middle, then forward to the body of the hyoid bone, then upward along the anterior belly of the digastric muscle to the symphysis menti; the tongue is then removed by the galvano-cautery or scissors through the incision. This operation was devised to avoid pneumonia and septicemia. 4. For zaricoceſe, ligation of the veins at two points, and subcutaneous division. Koeberle's : I. A method of performing oãº/orectomy, the pedicle is grooved with a specially-devised wire constrictor prior to liga- tion. 2. For retroflexion atteri, abdominal fixation. Kolomnin's, for hip-joint disease, ignipuncture or cauterization of the diseased tissue. König’s : I. For nephrectomy; an incision is made vertically down- ward along the outer border of the erector spinae muscle to just above the iliac crest, then curving anteriorly, and extending nearly, or quite, to the umbilicus. 2. For single /are-/?, both margins are pared, and two small prolabial ſlaps are formed by horizontal incisions parallel to the lip-margin. Kraske's: 1. For car. zinoma of the rectum, resection of the coccyx and of a portion of the sacrum to give access to the rectum high up. 2. For extirpation of the uterus; the opera- tion is made through the same Sacral opening as in operating for carcinoma of the rectum. ... 3. For meſo- plasty; a ſlap is taken from the immediate neighbor- hood, and union follows, even if the pedicle consists of subcutaneous tissue only. Krimer's, for terino- //asty; muco-periosteal flaps are dissected up on either side of the cleft, then reversed from without inward, and united in the middle line by sutures. Kückler's; OPERATIONS I. For ca'aract-extraction ; the incision passes through the center of the cornea. 2. For splenec. tomy, the incision is made through the linea semilu- naris. Kuhnt's : I. For canthop/asty, a flap of skin is cut from the upper or lower lid, and turned into a wound made at the outer canthus. 2. For ectropion ; a modification of Antyllus’s operation. 3. For symblepharon, the use of skin-flaps grafted upon the surface, or pedicellate flaps which are thrust in between the eyeball and eyelid through fenestra cut through the latter. Küster's : 1. For performing gastrostomy, the parietal incision is made in the linea alba. 2. For mastoid and middle-ear disease, it con- sists in making an opening in the posterior wall of the auditory canal as far away from the membrana tympani as possible in cases in which some of the membrana and the ossicles are still retained; if the drum-cavity is filled with granulations the incision should be carried through the bone into the drum-cavity, and the morbid material removed with a spoon. Küster-Dolbeau’s, for vesical exploration , paraprostatic section of the ure- thra and subsequent dilatation to allow of the introduc- tion of the fingers. Labbe's, for gastrotomy; the pari- etal incision is made parallel to the left costal margin. Lacauchie's, for amputation at the hip-joint, the same as Esmarch's amputation. Lafage’s, for cas- tration ; by an elliptic incision in the scrotum. La- forest's, for stricture of the lacrymal duct, the in- jection of an astringent solution through an S-shaped hollow probe. Lallemand’s, for circumcision, dorsal transfixion, followed by excision of the two lateral flaps. Landolt's, for blepharoplasty; a portion of the upper lid is taken to replace a lost lower lid. Lang- enbeck's : I. A method of performing amputations; the making of musculo-tegumentary flaps by cut- ting from without inward. 2. For cholecystectomy, the entire gall-bladder is removed, after division of the cystic duct, between two ligatures. 3. For double ſhare- Zip, the edges of the prominent tubercle and of the maxilla are pared, and, after replacement into position, the parts are transfixed with hare-lip pins. 4. For duodenostomy; the bowel is attached to the wound in the parietes and opened at a later stage of the oper- ation. 5. For ectropion ; the same as v. Ammon's operation. 6. For excision of the ankle, a modifica- tion of Moreau's operation, in which the outer incision follows the anterior portion of the fibula, curves around and below the malleolus and ascends about one inch along its posterior border. 7. For excision of the elbow, a longitudinal posterior incision is made along the inner side of the olecranon. 8. For excision of the ſhip; an external incision is made in the long axis of the limb over the outer surface of the great trochanter. 9. For excision of the Amee; a vertical incision is made on the antero-internal aspect of the joint. Io. For excision of the shoulder; a single vertical incision is made, having for its starting-point the acromio-clavicular joint. II. For excision of the apper jazy, a transverse curved incision, with its con- vexity downward, is carried from the junction of the nasal cartilage with the nasal bone to the middle of the malar bone. I2. For excision of the wrist, the same as Aackel’s operation. 13. For iridodialysis ; impaction is united with detachment; the detached flap of the iris is drawn into the corneal wound, where it is retained by adhesions. I4. For completely laceraſed perineum ; the edge of the recto-vaginal septum is denuded and then split for some distance; a flap is cut out of the vaginal side, and, after closure of the rec- tum, is stitched forward over the new perineum by vaginal sutures; the external sutures are placed from before backward. I5. For the removal of a naso- OPERATIONS 915 pharyngeal polypus ; (a) nasal route ; the nasal bone and nasal process of the superior maxilla are exposed and forcibly displaced upward; (b) maxillary route, a tongue-shaped flap is marked out on the face, and a large part of the maxillary bone separated and tempo- rarily displaced inward. I6. For nephrectomy; an in- cision is made through the abdominal wall at the outer edge of the rectus muscle, in the linea semilunaris, com- mencing just below the margin of the ribs. I7. For neurectomy, the division of the superior maxillary nerve in the spheno-maxillary fossa by means of a long tenotome passed into the fossa along the outer wall of the orbit. I8. For osteotomy, the subcutaneous method. 19. For restoration of the lower lip; (a) the lower horizontal margin of the defect is prolonged on either side by incisions, which pass along the remainder of the lower lip, around the angles of the mouth and into the upper lip; the portion of the lip is then mobilized and drawn together by sutures. (3) By a single flap derived from the chin. 20. For rhino- plasty; the Indian method; a single lateral flap is brought from the opposite side, the apex being left attached at the inner angle of the eye on the side of the deficiency, while the base comes from the ala of the sound side. 21. For zeramoplasty; complete clos- ure of the cleft in the palate by dissection of muco- periosteal flaps obtained from either side, and suturing in the middle line. Langier’s, for stricture of the lacrymal duct; perforation of the wall of the duct and the maxillary sinus, to drain the tears into the antrum. Lannelongue’s: I. For craniectomy; (a) The vertex of the skull is exposed by means of a single incision in its ſong axis and a narrow strip of parie- tal bone is removed close to the sagittal suture; (b) The bones of the skull are so cut as to produce osseous flaps of various shapes. 2. For cleft-palate; a rec- tangular flap of mucous membrane is brought down from the side of the septum of the nose; the upper edge of the cleft is then freshened and the two sur- faces brought together. Lariche's, for removal of a tumor of the naso-pharynx, a V-shaped incision is made, the ends of which run into either nostril, and the apex is in the middle line one-fourth of an inch below the columna, which is then separated from the upper lip. Larrey's : I. A method of performing amputation ; the same as Dupuytren’s amputation by the double flap method. 2. For amputation at the Aip-joint; lateral flaps are made by transfixion, the common femoral artery being tied as a preliminary step. 3. For amputation at the shoulder-joint, an incision is made from the acromion to a point 2% inches below, from which point anterior and posterior spiral incisions are carried down the arm, meeting on the inner aspect; after disarticulation of the bone the flap is brought up and secured in the space made by the gaping of the first incision. Lateral opera- tion, a method of performing cystotomy, the lateral perineal operation. Lauenstein's, for iliac colotomy; the peritoneum is sutured to the skin; a loop of intes- tine is then drawn out and the parietal wound closed by sutures passed through the meso-colon of the ex- truded portion of gut; finally, the serous covering of each limb of the prolapsed loop is stitched to the parietal peritoneum, and the bowel is opened. Lawrence’s (Sir W.) : I. For extirpation of the lacrymal gland; an incision is made over the outer third of the orbit, followed by division of the external commissure and extirpation of the gland. 2. For removal of a naso- Aharyngeal polypus, the nasal bones and nasal pro- cesses of the superior maxillae are cut through ; the septum is then divided, and the nasal cavity exposed by turning up the nose. Lawson's, for blepharo- OPERATIONS plasty; separation of the adhesions and dissection up of the edges of the wound, followed by grafting. Lebrun's : I. For cataract-extraction ; the incision is made farther in the cornea than most operators make it. 2. For entropion ; similar to that of Anagnostakis’ oper- ation. Ledran's, for suturing the intestines. See Led- ran's Suture. Lee's (Aenry): I. For amputation of //e leg; a modification of Teale's operation, in which the long flap is taken from the posterior aspect of the limb. 2. A method of performing embryotomy, brachiotomy, followed by perforation of the thorax and extraction by the crotchet. 3. For traumatic cerebral abscess; the same as Fenger's operation. 4. For varicocele; transfixion by two pins and figure-of-eight turns of a ligature, followed by subcutaneous division of the veins. Le Fort’s : I. For amputation of the foo/, a modification of Pirogoff’s operation, in that the section of the os calcis is more nearly horizontai, all the upper part of the bone being removed. 2. For procidentia uteri, denudation of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina and the formation of a Wongitudinal septum. Lembert’s, for suture of the intestine; the interrupted suture is used, and a fold of serous, or of serous and muscular, tissue is picked up on one side of the wound ; the needle is then carried over to a corresponding point on the other side of the wound, where a similar fold is picked up. Lenoir’s, for amputation of the leg; a modified circular oper- ation ; a circular incision is made above the malleoli and below the point at which the bones are to be sawn; this is joined by a vertical incision carried up along the inner side of the tibial crest; the skin-flaps are then dissected up and the remaining soft parts are di- vided down to the bone at the level of the saw-line. Lente’s, for stricture of the rectum, incisions are made in the anterior and posterior median lines. Leten- neur’s, for plastic purposes; the quadrilateral gap is closed by a flap freed from below and displaced upward. Leucke’s, a method of performing gastro-enterostomy; in order to expedite the operation the first present- ing portion of the small intestine is attached to the stomach. Leveillé's, for iridodialysis ; it differs from Scarpa's method only in the previous depression of the lens. Levis’s : I. For the radical cure of hydrocele; the injection of twenty drops of pure car- bolic acid into the tunica vaginalis testis after withdraw- ing the fluid. 2. For varicocele; after ligation of the varicocele the ligature is tied over a piece of rubber tubing so as to maintain the tension of the thread. Liebreich's : I. For cataracf-extraction , the incision is carried farther into the cornea than usual. See also A.ebruzz’s Operation. 2. For séraboſomy, the incision is made at the lower edge of the muscle's insertion ; the conjunctiva and capsule of Tenon are separated as far as the semilunar fold ; the tendon is divided and the vertical incision is extended upward and downward to the necessary extent. Lignerolle's : I. For ampre- tation of the foot; the astragalus is preserved in situ. 2. For subastragaloid disarticulation, by a short ex- ternal, and a long internal flap, taking in part of the sole of the foot. Linhart's, for the removal of a &zemor of the naso-pharyn-r, an incision is made from the root of the nose to its tip, and is extended into the nostril of one side: the nasal bone is forcibly turned to one side after having been separated from its fellow. Lisfranc's : I. For ampu- tation of the ſingers at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints, it is done by rounded lateral flaps of equal size, the base of each corresponding to the joint- line, and the free extremity to the level of the web. 2. For amputation through the foot, disarticula. tion through the tarso-metatarsal joints. 3. For am- OPERATIONS putation at the hip-joint; lateral flaps about four inches long are made by transfixion, the outer one being cut first. 4. For amputation at the shoulder-joint; external and internal flaps are made by transfixion; in operating on the left shoulder the knife is entered near the posterior fold of the axilla, and after passing close to the outer aspect of the joint, is made to emerge between the coracoid process and the clavicle; on the right side the direction of the transfixion is reversed. 5. For excision of the /ei/ ; it is done by raising the flap from over the great trochanter. Lister's (Sir Joseph): I. A method of performing amputations, by double rectangular flaps, the differ- ence in length not being so great as in Zeale's oper- ation ; the angles of the flaps are rounded off, the posterior one consisting of skin and fascia only. 2. For amputation at the hip-joint; disarticulation through an 916 external racket incision ; after Æazazon’s and Aºuzº- neaux /ordan's ampuſations. 3. For amputation above the Anee, a modification of Carden’s amputation, in which a short posterior skin-flap is formed. 4. A method of button suture; oval perforated discs of lead are used which are threaded on the ends of wire. 5. For excision of the wrisé, the open method, by two dorsal incisions, with division of the extensors of the carpus. 6. For unuzzited fractures of short bones ; the fragments are wired together. Liston’s : I. A method of performing amputations, a combination of the double-flap and circular operations, by first dissecting up two semi-oval flaps to serve as covers for the flat-faced stump. 2. For amputation at the hip- joint; disarticulation by antero-posterior flaps, cut by transfixion; the anterior flap is the longer of the two and is made first ; the disarticulation is effected before the posterior flap is cut. 3. For chiloplasty; removal of the diseased tissues, and transplantation of a ſlap from the chin or the cheek. 4. For excision of the elbow, a modification of A/oreau’s incision, in which the outer vertical limb of the H is omitted. 5. For excision of //e upper ſaw ; it is done by three incisions: (a) an incision from the external angular process of the frontal bone through the cheek to the angle of the mouth ; (b) a short inci- sion along the zygoma to meet the first; (c) an incision along the side of the nose and through the center of the lip. Littré's : I. For en/erotomy, occlusion of the lower end of the intestine, with the formation of an arti- ficial anus. 2. For inguinal colotomy, it is performed on the left side for opening of the sigmoid flexure; an in- cision from 194 to 3 inches long is made parallel with the outer part of Poupart's ligament, and about 9% inch above it. Lizars’ (J.), a method of exposing the up- per jaw by cutting through the cheek, from the angle of the mouth to the malar bone. Loreta’s : I. For azzeze- rysm the insertion of a small wire into the sac, and the use of electrolysis as well. 2. For stenosis of the orifices of Z/e stomac/ ; digital or instrumental divulsion of the pyloric or cardiac orifice, following gastrotomy. Lossen’s, for ſeezerec/owey, a modification of Zięc/ºe's operation in which the masseter muscle is not divided. Lowdham's, a method of performing amputations, it is done by a single flap. Lubbock's, for lacrymg/ /s/a/a, an incision is made into the anterior wall of the lacrymal sac, followed by the introduction of a grooved knife to the bottom of the duct, and the passage of a leaden style. Lucae's, for strabismus a semicircular incision is made in the conjunctiva near the cornea, followed by division of the tendon close to the sclerotic. Lucas's : I. For /u/u/a/ /left/recomy, an oblique incision is made as for colotomy, supple- mented by a vertical incision carried along the outer edge of the quadratus lumborum muscle from the last OPERATIONS rib to the iliac crest. 2. For umbilica/hernia, excision of the sac and redundant skin, with suture of the ring. Lücke's : I. For excision of the hip, it is done by an anterior incision in the long axis of the femur, com- mencing 9% inch below and to the inner side of the anterior superior iliac spine. 2. For neurectomy, re- moval of the second division of the fifth nerve at the point of exit from the skull; the incision is made above the external canthus along the upper border of the zygoma, and the spheno-maxillary fossa is exposed by sawing and breaking through the arch. Luke's : I. A method of performing amputations ; the first flap is made by Zangenbeck’s method, and the second by Vermale's method. 2. For iliac colotomy, a modification of Cripps' operation in which the in- cision is made in a vertical direction and external to the epigastric artery. Lund's, for talipes, the re- moval of the astragalus. Luzardi’s, for iridodia/y- sis, by means of a special needle a portion of the iris is drawn out through either the cornea or sclerotica, and retained by adhesions. Lydston's, for varicocele, an incision one inch or more in length is made parallel with the spermatic cord and beginning just below the external abdominal ring; the cord and veins are ex- posed, separated, and the veins ligated with a single silk ligature; after closure of the wound a clamp is ap- plied and the redundant scrotal tissue removed. Mac Cormac's (Sir W.) : I. For excision of the shoulder; by a posterior vertical incision starting from the angular projection on the inferior margin of the acromion. 2. For genze valgum, division of the femur from the outer side, above and parallel with the articular surface. 3. For Wigation of the popliteal artery; it is done from the front at the inner side; the artery is exposed by an incision behind and parallel to the tendon of the adductor magnus. 4. For rhino- plasty; the Italian method, the flap being taken from the inner aspect of the arm. 5. For suture of the intestine, the same as Zembert’s method, except that only an external line of sutures is used. Macdon- ald’s, a method of performing embryotomy. See Affleck's operation. Macewen's : I. For aneu- rysm; a long pin with a tapering point is passed into the aneurysm and the point is made to touch the oppo- site wall of the sac; the point is then to be moved over the inner surface of the aneurysm for ten minutes for the purpose of causing irritation ; in this way each point accessible to the point of the needle is to be treated. 2. For genze vačgzeme, a modification of Chiene's operation, the wedge being removed through the same line of incision as in Ogsſon’s offeration. 3. For the radical cure of inguina/ hernia; the sac is dissected out and separated from its connections, and then so drawn upward by means of a suture as to form a pad upon the inner surface of the circumfer- ence of the ring ; the ring and canal are then closed by means of sutures. 4. For intubation of ſhe larynx, a long, cylindric tube, of the pattern of the gum- elastic catheters, is introduced from the mouth into the trachea through the larynx. 5. Osteotomy for genu valgum : supra-condyloid division of the femur from the inner side. Mackenzie's : I. For amputa- tion of the foot; the flap is taken from the inner and plantar surface of the foot and ankle in performing a Syme amputation. 2. For excision of the knee; by rais- ing an anterior U-shaped flap. Macleod’s, for ampit- tation at the ankle-joint, a modification of Syme’s operation, in which only the malleoli are removed, the cartilage on the under surface of the tibia being pre- served. MacNamara's, for cataract-extraction ; re- moval of the lens in its capsule without an iridectomy, through a large corneal incision extending outward. OPERATIONS Madelung’s, for lumbar colotomy; a modification of Aryant's operation in which the lower end of the colon, after being completely detached, is closed by invagination and two rows of sutures, and dropped back into the abdomen. Maisonneuve's : I. A method of performing amputations, it is also called the diac/astic method, and was devised for the purpose of avoiding hemorrhage, infection, and other accidents; the bone is first broken with an osteoclast and the soft parts are divided by means of an écraseur. 2. For excision of the elbow, it is done through a pos- terior median incision. 3. For excision of the rectum ; a circular incision is made around the anus, and several needles, armed with ligatures twelve inches long, are passed into the incision and through the bowel above the growth, and brought out of the anus and made to retrace their course—one free extremity of the thread presenting at the anus, and the other in the wound. A whip-cord is passed through the loops of thread in the anus, when traction on the ends in the wound draws the cord through the bowel after the ligatures. The bowel is divided by allotting each loop of cord to an écraseur. 4. For excision of the tongue; a modifi- cation of Jaeger's operation, 7. v. 5. For excision of part of the upper jaw; Guérin's operation, slightly modified. 6. For excision of the wrist; it is done by a single median dorsal incision. 7. For internal urethrotomy, a special urethrotome is used to divide the stricture from without inward. 8. For oãphorectomy; the entire pedicle is twisted. 9. For the removal of a zzaso-pharyngeal polyp, a slight modification of Guérin's operation ; an incision is made in the me- dian line, from the junction of the hard palate down into the body of the uvula as far as is necessary, its free border being preserved. Malgaigne's (J. F.) : I. A method of performing amputations, it is a variety of oval amputation in which the spiral incisions are con- tinuous above with a single longitudinal one, so that the gaping wound has the form of a racket. 2. For amputation of the arm, a single rounded flap is cut, usually from the flexor surface of the arm. 3. For amputation through the foot, subastragaloid disarticu- lation by a single, large, internal flap, the astragalus only being left. 4. For amputation at the hip-joint; a modification of A'avaton's amputation, in which the vertical incision is shorter and the circular incision more oblique. 5. For chiloplasty, two lateral in- cisions are made on either side of the lower lip to re- store this portion by the sliding method. 6. For ex- cision of the shoulder; it is done by a single anterior vertical or oblique incision. 7. For hare-/:#; the same as Clemot's operation. Manec's, for amputa- tion at the hip-joint, a single long anterior flap is made by transfixion; the joint is then disarticulated, and a circular incision made posteriorly. Manne's, for the removal of a polyp from the naso-pharynx, an incision is made through the soft palate with a bis- toury, in the median line, from the tip of the uvula to its junction with the hard palate; after removal of the polyp, the parts are restored by one or more sutures. Margary's, for congenital dislocation of the /*p, the formation of an acetabulum in the normal position, reduction of the femur, and the formation of a capsule from the periosteum. Marian's, for lithof- ony; the old median perineal operation for stone in the bladder. See Zi/hotomy. Markoe's, for varicocele, a modification of Vidal's method, in which the pin is dispensed with, and a loop of silver wire is clamped to a lead plate; the wire is gradually tightened. Martin's (A.) : I. For lacerated perineum : a modification of Freund's operation, in which the vaginal tongues are denuded more deeply into the 917 OPERATIONS vagina, and the vulval denudations are carried higher up. 2. For the radical cure of hydrocele; the in- jection of tincture of iodin after aspiration. 3. For vaginal hysterectomy, an incision is made around the posterior margins of the cervix until the peritoneum is reached; the edges of the vaginal wound are then sewn parallel to the incision to bring the peritoneum and vaginal wall together and so arrest hemorrhage; the broad ligaments are ligated with silk ligatures in successive portions; the cen- tral fissure is now incised, the bladder separated, the cervix freed from the broad ligament on either side, the fundus retroflexed, and the remainder of the broad ligaments ligated and severed ; a drainage- tube is inserted into Douglas's space. Martino's, for the remedy of a large and prominent ear, a V- shaped piece is removed and the wound closed by sutures. Mason's : I. For osteoplasty, a modifica- tion of Bieffenbach’s operation in which holes are punched, as a preliminary step, along the line the chisel is subsequently to take. 2. For rhinoplasty; it consists in bringing across the gap two lateral and one superior flap of integument as a base of support for the frontal flap. 3. For uranoplasty, perforation of the bone at several points in the line of the lateral in- cision before applying the chisel, to prevent com- minution. Masslorsky's, a method of performing oöphorectomy, double flaps are made of the pedicle, and these are stitched together. Mastin’s, for in- ternal urethrotomy; it is done with a modification of Maisonneuve's urethrotome. Mathews': I. For fistula in ano; after dilating the sinus with a laminaria tent, a urethrotome is introduced to the full depth of the sinus, the knife is protruded, and the instrument withdrawn; the operation is repeated with the knife in the opposite direction. Mathews has devised a special fistulatome for this purpose. 2. For inguinal colotomy; the incision is made two-thirds above and one-third below, and at right angles to a line drawn from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the umbilicus, one and a half inches from the spine; when the bowel is brought out of the wound, two large pins are passed parallel and close together through one edge of the incision, through the mesentery near the bowel, and out at the other wound-margin ; the oper- ation is completed by stitching the bowel to the skin; the colon is incised at a later period. Mathewson's, for exostosis of the external meatus; removal by a drill. Maunoir's, for iridotomy, incision of the cornea and removal of a triangular flap of the iris, the apex of which is toward the pupil. Maunsell’s, for inſes- final anastomosis ; after dividing the gut, circularly, at the proper points, a longitudinal incision about an inch and a half long is made in the larger segment oppo- site the mesenteric attachment; a long suture is then passed through all the coats of the two divided ends at the mesenteric attachment and one similarly di- rectly opposite this point; the sutures are then passed in the lumen of the larger segment and out the longi- tudinal incision, the ends of the gut are invaginated and accurately coaptated by sutures, the invagination is re. duced and the longitudinal incision closed by sutures. Maury's (F) : I. For ectopia vesica: ; a modification of Roux's operation, in which one flap is taken from the perineum and the scrotum, the other from the abdomen. 2. For gastroszomy; a curved parietal incision is made with its convexity toward the middle line. Maydl’s, for iliac colotomy, the peritoneal cavity is opened by Littré's incision ; the loop of intestine is drawn out of the wound and held there by a hard rubber cylinder inserted through a slit made in the mesentry close to the gut; the latter is stitched in the abdominal incision, OPERATIONS and opened from four to six days later. Maynard’s, for suture of the bladder, the sutures are placed in two double rows by a special needle before the bladder is opened. McBurney's, for the radical cure of in- guina/ hermia ; after exposing the sac the anterior wall of the canal is incised and the sac ligated and excised at the internal ring; the skin is inverted and Stitched to the ligamentous and tendinous structures, the wound healing by granulation. McCreik's, for entropion, the removal of a horizontal strip of the tarsus from the inner surface of the lid. McCurdy's, for amputation at the hip-joint, a modification of A/yles' operation, a single needle being inserted at the most prominent point of the great trochanter, passing directly through the thigh in front of the femur to emerge just below the tuber ischii. McDowell’s (E.), for oëphorectomy; the first complete operation; the pedicle was secured by a single ligature, the ends of which were brought out of the abdominal wound. McGill’s, for prostatectomy; it is done by a supra- pubic incision, as in supra-pubic lithotomy. Mc- Leod's (A.) : I. A method of performing oãphorec- tomy; torsion of the pedicle between two pairs of forceps. 2. For prolapse of the rectum ; the upper part of the rectum is stitched to the anterior abdominal parietes, a wound being made through the abdominal wall for the purpose. Mears’, for neurec- tomy, removal of the inferior dental nerve from its canal by traction after exposing the outer surface of the jaw, trephining over the position of the inferior dental foramen, and loosening the nerve at the mental fora- men. Median Operation. See Hagar's operation, and also Lithotomy. Méjean's, for stricture of the lacrymal duct; a thread is passed through the canaliculus and ductinto the nose, and medicated cotton fibers are drawn through. Mercier's, for prostatotomy, an instrument shaped like a short-beaked lithotrite with sharp edges is used to punch out portions of the floor of the urethra. Meyer's : I. For genu valgum, a cuneiform osteotomy of the tibia below the tuberosity. 2. For hypertrophy of the A/haryngeal tons?!; a ring-knife is passed through the nose, and the manipulations are directed by the left forefinger passed into the vault of the pharynx. 3. For sympathetic ophthalmia, an incision is made over the painful portion of the ciliary region with division of the ciliary nerves. Michaelis', a method of per- forming embryotomy; evisceration followed by rachi- otomy and forced evolution. Mika Operation. See Mika. Mikulicz's : I. For the remova/ of £onsillar tumors, it is done by an incision through the neck, the cut extending from the mastoid process downward and forward as far as the great cornu of the hyoid bone; the ascending ramus of the jaw is then resected and the wall of the pharynx is divided; a preliminary tracheotomy is performed. 2. For £arsectomy; the same as Wadimiroff's operation, but independently designed. Miller's, for amputation of the penis, the flap is cut from below. Milne’s, for internal urethrot- omy; it is done with a special dilating urethrotome. Miner's, for the removal of an ovarian tumor; enu- cleation when removal cannot be effected in the usual way, owing to absence or shortness of the pedicle, or to adhesions. Miot's, for chronic non-suppurative middle-ear inſlammation ; the stapes is exposed, either by excision of the upper posterior part of the mem- brane, or by the use of the electro-cautery, after which methodic mobilization of the exposed stapes is carried out by means of a probe or other instrument. Mirault's : I. For excision of the tongue; excision after ligation of the lingual arteries as a preliminary measure. 2. For ſhare-ſif, a flap is turned down on one side and brought across and attached to the pared 918 OPERATIONS opposite side. Mollière's : I. For amputation through the foot, the foot is treated as though it con- tained but one bone; if necessary, bone is cut through rather than disarticulation being made. 2. For infan- tile paralysis, osteoclasis is performed, instead of re- section. Moore's : I. For aneurysm, the introduction of a fine wire into the sac through a cannula. 2. For cataract-extraction, extraction several weeks after the performance of a preliminary iridectomy. Mooren’s, for cataract, an operation similar to Jacobson’s opera- tion, but the iridectomy is made several weeks before the extraction. Moreau's : I. For excision of the amāle, by lateral incisions, the outer one following the posterior border of the fibula and bending forward beneath the malleolus; the inner one is along the inner surface of the tibia in the axis of that bone. 2. For ea:- cision of the elbow; a posterior H-shaped incision over the joint. 3. For excision of the Anee, by an anterior H-shaped incision. 4. For excision of the shoulder, a flap with its base. below is taken from the deltoid region. Morel’s, for excision of the shoulder, a rounded flap with its base upward is taken from the deltoid region. Morgan's, for chiloplasty; after the removal of the entire lip, a curvilinear flap is made by an incision below and parallel to the first, allowing the ends to remain attached and securing the flap in the place of the diseased tissue. De Morgan's, to reach the spinal accessory nerve, an incision is made behind the sterno-mastoid muscle. Morris’ (H. ) : I. For excision of the radius ; an incision is made parallel to the long axis of the bone between the Supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis longior muscles. 2. For lumbar nephrectomy, a transverse or slightly oblique incision is made a short distance below the last rib, and this is joined by a vertical incision running down- ward from a point near the posterior extremity of the former. 3. For nephrorrhaphy; the sutures are passed through the entire thickness of one lip of the wound, then through the capsule and cortex of the kidney and finally through the other lip of the wound. Mortise Operation. See Giraldés' Operation. Mor- ton's : I. For elephantiasis; the excision of a portion of the nerve-trunk, supplying the affected member. 2. For the reduction of club-foot; tenotomy combined with forcible correction by “Morton's club-foot stretcher.” Mosetig Moorhof's, for staphyloplasty, a modifica- tion of Schönbein’s operation, in which the fistula is allowed to remain at the position of the anterior pala- tine canal. Mott's : I. For Zigation of the common iſiac artery, an incision five to eight inches in length is commenced just outside the center of Poupart's ligament, and one and a half inches above it; curving upward and outward toward the ribs, it passes one and a half inches in front of the anterior superior spine of the ilium. 2. For the ligation of the innominate artery; a transverse incision is made above and par- allel to the top of the sternum and inner end of the clavicle, and this is joined by another of the same length along the anterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle. Mulder’s, for iridectomy, a crucial incision is made into the iris, with removal of the flaps one by one. Mule's, for evisceration of the eye-ball, eviscera- tion of the globe followed by the insertion of a silver or glass ball within the sclerotic, with the view of rendering the stump better suited to an artificial eye. Müller's : I. For Cesarean section, a modi- fication of Porro's operation, whereby the whole uterus is turned out of the abdomen before it is opened. 2. For vaginal hysterectomy; the uterus is divided into halves longitudinally; one part is brought down at a time, and the broad ligament is ligated in sections. Murphy’s, for infestinal anastomºsis, by º OPERATIONS the use of a specially devised apparatus. See Mur- phy's Button. Murray's, for ligation of the abdomi- na/ aorta, the extra-peritoneal operation; a curved incision, with its concavity forward, and about six inches in length, is made upon the left side of the body, from the anterior extremity of the tenth rib to a point about one inch to the inner side of the anterior superior iliac spine. Mütter's, for chiloplasty; the formation of two quadrilateral flaps to fill the defect caused by removing the diseased tissue. Myles’, for amputation at the hip-joint, a stout steel skewer is thrust through the thigh from before backward, the point entering an inch below Poupart's ligament and just to the outer edge of the femoral artery; it passes to the inner side of the neck of the femur and emerges a little above the gluteal fold ; an india-rubber cord is passed around the ends in a figure-of-eight. Nall's (B.A.), for internal urethrotomy; it is done with a special dilating urethrotome. Nassiloff's, for esopha- gostomy; the formation of a fistulous opening between the esophagus and the surface of the neck in cases of stricture or tumor of the former. Neal’s, for gastrot- omy; a parietal incision is made in a line extending from the umbilicus toward the left false ribs. Néla- ton’s : I. For amputation through the foot, subastrag- aloid disarticulation by dorsal and plantar flaps, larger on the inner than on the outer side. 2. For enterotomy; the abdomen is opened in the right iliac region by an incision parallel to and a little above the outer portion of Poupart’s ligament; the first coil of intestine that presents is drawn into the wound. 3. For epispadias; it is done by reversed flaps, one being obtained from the median line of the anterior abdominal parietes, the other from the anterior surface of the scrotum. 4. For hare-lip, an incision is made around the upper angle of the cleft and the lower edge is turned down- ward, so that the wound becomes diamond-shaped; the sides are then brought together and sutured. 5. For lithotomy; the pre-rectal method, correspond- ing with the bilateral operation, with the addition of a careful dissection to obtain more space between the rectum and the bulb of the urethra, to avoid wound- ing the latter. See Lithotomy. 6. For the removal of a naso-pharyngeal polypus, it is done through the mouth, by exposing the hard palate and drilling two holes in it, so that the intervening bone can be re- moved. 7. For procłotomy; the external method; the left index finger is introduced as far as the stricture, and, with this as a guide, the soft parts below the stricture are divided in the median line by a blunt- pointed bistoury. 8. For rhinoplasty; two trapezoid flaps are taken from the cheeks, each flap being intended to form the corresponding half of the new nose. 9. For urethroplasty; the edges of the fistula having been pared, the surrounding skin, to the extent of about an inch, is dissected up subcutaneously, through an open- ing made below the fistula, and the fistula is closed by sutures. IO. For webbed ſingers; the same as Didot’s operation. Neudörfer's : I. For ectopia vesica, a modification of Trendelenburg's operation, in which the sacro-iliac synchondroses are not separated, but approxi- mation of the margins is made possible by two lateral incisions through the abdominal wall; the pubic bones are brought together by sutures. 2. For excision of the shoulder; it is done by a curved supra-acromial incision, the acromion being sawn through and the head of the bone thrust out. Neugebauer’s, for Arolapsus uteri, the same as that subsequently de- scribed by Ze Fort, and best known by his name. Newman's, for nephrorrhaphy, in addition to stitch- ing the kidney to the abdominal parietes, the fibrous capsule is split and separated from the surface of the 919 the use of the écraseur. OPERATIONS kidney; the resulting adhesion thus aids in fixing the kidney. Nicoladoni's, for talipes calcanezes, in cases of paralysis of the calf-muscles, with the peroneal muscles intact, the tendo Achillis is cut and sewn to the peroneal tendons. Norton's, for webbed ſingers; small triangular flaps are raised between the knuckles on the dorsal and palmar aspects; the webs are then cut through the bases of the flaps, which are stitched together. Noyes’: I. For blepharoplasty; (a) The formation of a bucco-temporal flap, sliding the whole cheek, with the shortened lid, inward and upward. (b) The formation of a naso-buccal flap. 2. For in- flammatory secondary cataract; the formation of an artificial pupil; a hole is made in the obstructing mem- brane with a v. Graefe knife, and this is enlarged by tearing. 3. For entropion ; cure by a plastic operation. 4. For staphyloma, incision of the limbus, followed by total avulsion of the iris. 5. For stračismzas, ad- vancement of the elongated tendon. Nué1’s, for corneo-sclera/ rupture, the wound in the sclera is re- opened by making a section with a knife, and the Sur- rounding conjunctiva is drawn over the opening by means of a special suture. Nunneley's, for excision of the tongue; it is done by a suprahyoid incision and Nussbaum's, a method of performing ovariotomy; the pedicle is tied in sec- tions with catgut and dropped into the pelvic cavity. Oberst's, stomatoplasty; the defects of the mucous membrane of the cheek are covered with tissue re- moved from the upper or lower lip. Obre's, for the radical cure of obturator /iernia ; by cutting down on the sac as in other herniae. Odhelius’s, for iridotomy; the same as A&eichenbach’s operation. O'Dwyer's, for intubation of the larynx, the same as Macewen's operation, except that a shorter tube of metal is introduced into the larynx. Oettin- ger’s, for trichiasis ; an incision is made in the inter- marginal space, and is carried to a point above the upper border of the tarsus, so that all the skin that covers the tarsus can be displaced upward. Ogston's (Alexander): I. For extreme ſlat-foot; excision of the astragalo-Scaphoid joint in a wedge-shaped piece, and the fixing of the astragalus and scaphoid together with pegs. 2. Osteotomy for genz, za/gram , division of the internal condyle of the femur obliquely, from before backward. 3. For opening the frontal sinuses : it is done by trephining in the middle line of the frontal bone. 4. For varicocele; subcutaneous ligation with silk; the same as Keyes’ operation. Ollier's : I. For excision of the elbow . by lateral incisions, the main one external and “bayonet”-shaped, the inter- nal one short and vertical. 2. For excision of joints : the subperiosteal method, in which the whole of the periosteum of the involved district and the capsular ligament are preserved. 3. For excision of the Amee; by Moreau's incision and the carrying out of the periosteal method. 4. For excision of the scapſula : one incision along the spine, and a second along the internal border of the scapula, and the subperiosteal removal of the bone. 5. For excision of the shoul- der, by a single anterior vertical or oblique incision and the carrying out of the periosteal method. 6. For excision of the wrist; the subperiosteal method by two dorsal incisions, after those made by AEacke/ and Zister. 7. For genu valgum : section through the epiphyseal cartilage. 8. For the removal of a maso-pharyngeal polypus, it is done through the nose by an osteoplastic operation; the nasal bones are exposed and sawn through in the upper portion, so that the nose can be turned downward. 9. For rhizzoplasty, two diverging incisions are commenced in the median line of the forehead and carried down- OPERATIONS 920 ward along the border of the nose; the triangular flap is then drawn downward to supply the loss of the lower part of the nose. Olshausen's, for vaginal hysterectomy, a modification of Czerny’s operation ; the uterus is not turned backward, but the connections are gradually separated, as traction is made on the organ; the broad ligaments are tied with rubber liga- tures. Orred's, for excision of the shoulder; it is done by a longitudinal incision from the socket of the shoulder to the insertion of the deltoid. Otis' (FAV), for internal urethrotomy, it is done with a special dilating urethrotome. Pagenstecher's : I. For cataract-extraction, extraction of the lens in the closed capsule; a scoop is inserted under the lens and gentle pressure is made on the cornea. 2. For entropion ; division of the external canthus; stretch- ing of the horizontal wound to a vertical one, and suture of the opposed surfaces. 3. For iridodesis ; a modification of Critchett's operation, the incision being made with a broad needle or narrow knife. 4. For obliteration of the lacrymal sac, slitting of the canalic- uli, and the introduction of zinc chlorid paste into the sac. 5. For pterygium, separation from the cornea and Sclerotic and turning back; the edges of the conjunctival wound are brought together with sutures. 6. For ptosis ; the fibers of the occipito- frontalis are made to act on the lid. 7. For stricture of the lacrymal auct; the introduction of Bowman’s probe No. 3.; slitting of the canaliculus and sac, and the daily passage of sounds. Paget’s, for excision of the tongue; a modification of AWunneley’s operation, the tongue being made free by incision of its attach- ments to the floor. Palasciano's, for tumor of the 1zaso-pharynx, an incision is made through the skin over the lacrymal sac ; this is partially dissected out and a puncture is made through the lacrymal bone, thus exposing the superior meatus. Panas': I. For proctotomy, linear proctotomy. 2. For ptosis, the tarsal portion of the lid is raised by sutures and the occipito-frontalis muscle is caused to assume, to a great extent, the function of the levator palpebrae. Pan- coast's (Joseph): I. For amputation at the Knee- joint ; three flaps are made : a short, oval, anterior flap including the patella, and two latero-posterior flaps which join in the middle of the popliteal region. 2. For ectopia vesicae; closure by means of two lateral flaps dissected up on either side of the defect, and reversed, but not superimposed. 3. For hernia, a method of operating by injections. 4. For neurectomy, the re- moval of the second division of the fifth nerve at its point of exit from the skull ; a square-shaped flap is raised over the ramus of the jaw, and the masseter muscle is elevated ; the coronoid process is then re- sected and the internal maxillary artery is ligated, after which the spheno-maxillary fissure is exposed by sep- arating the two heads of the external pterygoid muscle. 5. For rhinoplasty; the subcutaneous division of the depressed tissues, so that they may be separated from their bony connections. 6. For varicoceſe, a modifi- cation of Zevis’s operation, a button is introduced between the skin and the rubber. Paré's (A.), for Aare-/i/ ; the edges are united by means of pins and figure-oſ-eight sutures. Park's : I. For excision of Z/e e//ozy ... it is done through a posterior median incision. 2. For excision of the Anee, it is done by an anterior crucial incision, with its convexity downward. Par- ker’s : I. For the relief of chronic cystiſis in the male; perineal cystotomy. 2. For perity?//itic abscess, in- cision. 3. Syndesmoſomy for taſiſes varus in children; division of the ‘‘ astragalo-scaphoid capsule” and the anterior and posterior tibial tendons. Parker's (A’. Willard') incision, for excision of the hip; employed OPERATIONS originally by Dr. Hueter, and later and independently by Parker; the incision commences on the front of the thigh half an inch below the anterior superior spine of the ilium, and runs downward and a little inward for three inches. As the knife sinks into the limb, it passes between the tensor vaginae femoris and the rectus on the inside, until it reaches the neck of the femur. Pasquier and Le Fort's, for amputation through the foot; a modification of Pirogoff’s operation; the section of the os calcis is made horizontally, its upper part being removed. Passavant's : I. For syne- chia ; breaking up of the adhesions with forceps. 2. For staphylo-pharyngorrhaphy, the halves of the velum are stitched to the posterior pharyngeal wall in order to shut off the nose from the mouth. Patru- ban's, for varicocele, excision of the dilated veins. Paul's, for iliac colotomy, the bowel is divided and the distal end invaginated as in Senn's method; a glass tube is tied into the proximal end of the bowel, which is fixed into the parietal wound by sutures; after three days the projecting bowel is cut away. Péan's : I. For amputation at the hip-joint; the vessels are caught as the operation proceeds. 2. For hysterectomy for fibroid tumor; the extraperitoneal method; after an abdominal incision; the uterus is brought out through the wound, and the stump is transfixed with long heavy needles placed at right angles to each other; beneath these a wire is passed and made tight by means of a serre-noeud; the tumor is amputated above the needles, and the ab- dominal wound is closed around the stump. 3. For the removal of a naso-pharyngeal tumor, an incision is made from the root of the nose down the median line to the lip, through the nostril, and through the median line of the upper lip, which is completely divided; the flaps are separated; a portion of the hard palate is re- moved after separating the periosteum; the second bicuspid tooth is extracted and the antrum is exposed by bone-forceps. 4. For Ayſorectomy, a vertical parietal incision is made in the middle line. 5. For vaginal hysterectomy for carcinoma, removal of the affected uterus per vaginam by morceſ/ement, or bit by bit. Peaslee’s, for trachelotomy; an incision of one or both ora uteri for stenosis by Peaslee's metrotome, followed by dilatation. Percy's, for excision of the /...ip; it is done by raising a flap from over the great trochanter. Perièr’s, for atterine inversion , re- moval of the inverted uterus by the elastic ligature. Perrin's (M.), for amputation through the foot; sub- astragaloid disarticulation by the oval operation. Peters’, for internal urethrotomy, a special ure- throtome is used to divide the stricture from within outward. Petersen's, for lithotomy; the high operation. See Lithotomy. Petit's: 1. A method of performing amputations, the same as Chese/den's method. 2. For amputation of the ſingers, lateral flaps are cut from within outward. 3. For hernia ; the sac is not opened. 4. For stricture of the lacrº- mal sac, incision into the sac behind the internal canthal ligament. Pétrequin's, for symblepharon, gradual strangulation by means of a thread. Phelps' (A. M.) : I. For club-foot; a direct open incision is made through the inner and plantar surfaces of the foot. 2. For Aare-/*p, a loop is passed through the margin of the lip on either side of the cleft; the incision is curved on both sides, and a V-shaped flap is allowed to remain in the middle line, be- neath the septum of the nose; the wound is closed with silk sutures. Physick's, for iridectomy; removal of a circular piece of the iris by the cutting- forceps. Pick's, for amputation at the Anee-joint; a modification of Stephen Smith's operation by com- OPERATIONS mencing the anterior incision higher, and removing the patella. Pirogoff’s : I. For amputation through the foot; an operation in which the os calcis is sawn through obliquely from above downward and forward, and the posterior portion is brought up and secured against the surface made by sawing off the lower ends of the tibia and fibula. 2. For the radical cure of ſhermia, after reduction, a bladder of gold-beater’s skin is introduced into the canal through a small in- cision, inflated and allowed to remain. Pitts’, for stretching the inferior dental nerve, the nerve is found by a vertical incision within the mouth, along the inner border of the ascending ramus, and is stretched with a blunt hook. Platner's, for excision of the ſacrymal sac, incision of the anterior wall, followed by removal of the sac-wall. Poinsot's, cuneiform tarsotomy for talipes varus; a T-shaped incision is made, the horizontal limb of which extends from the external malleolus to the head of the fifth metatarsal bone, while the vertical branch passes across the dorsum toward the scaphoid bone; the periosteum is similarly incised, and a wedge of bone removed. Politzer's : I. Section of the anterior ligament of the malleus. 2. For artificial aperture of the membrana tympani, a crucial incision of the membrane is made, followed by the application of the galvano-cautery. 3. For afro- phied tympanic membrane with middle-ear catarrh, incision of the membrane every two or three days with a paracentesis-needle. Pollock's (G.) : I. For am- putation at the knee-joint, a long anterior and a short posterior skin-flap, somewhat rectangular in outline, the patella being left. 2. For division of the levator palati muscle; the knife is passed through the mucous membrane of the velum in front, and to the inner side of the hamular process, and the muscle is fully divided. 3. For hemorrhoids; crushing them with a special clamp, and excising or cauterizing the projecting portion. Pope’s : I. For the forma- tion of an artificial pupil, incision at the sclero- corneal margin, with excision of a portion of the iris without dividing the sphincter pupillae. 2. For entropion, extirpation of the tarsus. 3. For trich- iasis, similar to the Arlt-Jaesche operation. Porro’s, for puerperal hysterectomy; Cesarean section, fol- lowed by removal of the uterus at the cervical junction, together with the ovaries and oviducts. Porro-Müller's, for otherwise impossible /abor; a modification of the Porro operation in which the uterus is brought out of the abdomen before extracting the fetus. Porro-Veit’s, for otherwise impossible labor; a modification of the Porro operation ; the stump is ligated and dropped. Porta’s : I. A method of performing embryolomy, perforation of the thorax in the axillary region, followed by evisceration and podalic version. 2. For varicocele; the injection of a saturated solution of chloral. Post's, for "hinoplasty, a modification of the Tagliacoſian opera- tion, the flaps being taken from the patient’s finger. Pott's (P.), for fistula in ano; it consists in a simple incision. Power's, for corneal leukoma : rem oal of the opaque portion with a sharp punch, and transplantation of a healthy rabbit’s cornea. Pratt's, dilatation of the lower orifices of the body, the anus and the urogenital canal, with the removal of any irritating conditions that may be present. It is based on the belief that many chronic diseases are due to morbid conditions of these orifices. Prévôt's, for rupture of the gravid uterus, removal of the uterus by ab- dominal incision. Prince's : I. For £ferygium, similar to Knapp's modification of Desmarre's opera- tion. 2. For strabismus, advancement of the rectus muscle. Pritchett’s, for internal urethrotomy, it is 921 OPERATIONS done with a modification of Maisonneuve's urethro- tome. Purse-string, for cystocele. See Sto/ºz's opera- tion. Quaglins’, for sclerotomy, incision of the sclera with a small knife, and the use of a small spatula to prevent prolapse, should it tend to occur. Ramdohr’s, for enterorrhaphy; the insertion of the proximal within the distal end of the intestine, and suturing. Ramsden's, for ligation of the third part of the subclavian artery, a transverse incision three inches in length is made across the base of the posterior triangle of the neck, about one-half inch above the clav- icle. Rau's, for the formation of an artificial pupil; perforation of the sclera and iris with a narrow knife, followed by iridectomy. Ravaton's : I. A method of performing amputations; it is done by a circular incision through the soft parts of the bone, with two longitudinal cuts—one in front and the other behind— extending from the circular incision upward to the level at which the bone is to be sawn through. 2. For amputation at the hip-joint; disarticulation through an external racket-incision; a vertical cut is made on the outer side, and this is joined on each side by two oblique crescentic incisions which meet on the inner side of the thigh. Récamièr’s, for extirpation of the uterus, vaginal hysterectomy. Rec- lus’, for iliac colotomy; a modification of Aſaya/’s operation, in which the sutures are omitted. Reeves' (H. A.) : I. For inguinal colotomy; the usual incision is made, and sutures are passed through the gut to fasten it to the skin. 2. For Ánock-knee; a modification of Ogston’s operation, in which an effort is made not to open the joint. Regnoli's, for excision of the tongue; an incision is made in the median line of the neck from the lower margin of the symphysis to the center of the hyoid bone, and from the upper end of this cut two lateral in- cisions pass outward along the lower border of the jaw to the anterior borders of the masseter muscles. Reichenbach’s, for iridotomy, incision of the cornea and division of the iris from before back- ward. Reverdin's : I. For blepharoplasty; re- moval of the cicatricial tissue, suturing of the lid to the opposite one in its normal position, and skin- grafting of the raw surface. 2. For skin-grafting ; a point of skin is raised on an ordinary sewing- needle, and shaved off with a scalpel or scissors; the graft is then transferred to the fresh surface next to the healthy granulations. 3. For symb/ºpharon & detachment of the lid and transplantation of a small flap from the cheek. Reybard's, for enterorrhaft/y : invagination of the upper extremity by passing two sutures through the wall and out of the lumen, and then in the lumen and through the wall of the lower extremity ; traction now effects invagination, and sutures are applied. Richard’s : I. For ectopia 7'esicze, the same as Rozar's operation, following the lines of AVélaton’s operation for epispadias. 2. For the removal of naso-pharyngea/ poſipi an incision is made in the middle line, from the posterior border of the hard palate, forward to the alveolus; the periosteum is dissected up on either side, and as much of the hard palate as necessary is chiseled away. Richet's : I. For Dupuytren’s contraction, or contraction of z/e palmar fascia, a longitudinal incision is made over the bands and transverse incisions at either extremity of the first ; the flaps are dissected back, the bands cut or excised, the wound united, and the finger fixed in extension, 2. For ectropion ; the cicatrix (situated at the outer side of the lower lid) is excised, and, after the lids have been stitched together, the gap is filled, and the operation is completed by raising and transplanting two tongue-shaped flaps. 3. For zaricoceſe, cauteriza- OPERATIONS 922 tion of the scrotum by means of a special apparatus. Richter’s : I. For iridotomy, the same as Keichen- bach’s operation. 2. For stricture of the lacryma/ duct, incision of the sac and dilatation of the duct by means of catgut strings. Ricord’s : I. For circum- cision ; the prepuce is grasped with fenestrated forceps corresponding with the direction of the corona, and the forceps is slid in advance of the glans ; the pre- puce is cut off in front of the forceps, which are then removed and the mucous membrane is trimmed off, leaving a short stump; stitches are next applied. 2. For varicoceſe; the introduction of two double ligatures through a single opening in the scrotum, one pass- ing above and the other below the veins; the ends of the ligatures are attached to a yoke provided with a screw, which is tightened from day to day. Riesel’s, for the radical cure of inguinal hernia, the external ring is exposed by an incision ; the anterior wall of the canal is split up to the internal ring; the neck of the sac is tied as high as possible; part of the anterior wall of the canal is cut away, and deep transverse sutures are then introduced. Rig- aud's, for urethroplasty, a quadrilateral flap with its base above is turned over the fistula, and lateral flaps are brought over the first and secured in position by sutures. Riggs’, for the radical cure of inguina/ /ernia, a variety of Seton-operation, the peculiarities of which consist in the use of a large-sized meche and an ingenious stop-needle. Rima's, for castration ; a U-shaped flap is cut by transfixion from the posterior wall of the scrotum. Rizzoli's: 1. For ankylosis of the /ower jazw, a linear osteotomy through the mucous membrane, thus avoiding an external scar. 2. For ima- perforate amus (the rectum terminating in the vagina); an incision is made in the perineum, antero-posteriorly —if the anus is absent—followed by dissecting the rectum from the vagina, and after pulling the former down, it is stitched to the skin-incision. Roberts’ (J. B.), for defected nasal septum ; a linear in- cision is made with a bistoury along a prominent line of the deflection, so as to enable it to be pressed into its proper position, after which a long steel pin is thrust into the septum in such a manner as to maintain this position. Roberts' (M. J.) : I. Flectro- osteotomy in knock-knee, bow-legs, and anterior tibial deformities. 2. Cuneiform osteotomy for hallux val- gus. Robertson's (A.), for conjunctival entro- pion ; a modification of Snellen's operation, in which the threads are passed through the conjunc- tiva at the bottom of the fold, between its palpe- bral and outer portions. Robson's (Mayo), for ectopia vesica, a modification of Wood’s operation, in which, in female subjects, the folds of integument following the labia majora are detached and displaced upward. Rodger's, for an/y/osis of the hip, the cuneiform method of osteotomy. Rogers', for internal urethrotomy; it is performed with a special dilating urethrotome. Roonhuysen’s, for chi/o- p/asſy. See Horn's operation. Rose's : I. For doub/e ſhare-/i/ ; the central tubercle is pared in a V- shaped manner, and the lateral segments by curved incisions from above downward to the muco-cutaneous junction, and then obliquely upward and inward. 2. For single hare-lift, a semilunar incision is made as far as the red margin of the lip, and an oblique upward cut is made on either side to form the prolabium ; the flaps are held in position by means of wire and catgut sutures. 3. For the relief of neuralgia of Z/e ////; nerve, removal of the Gasserian ganglion. Rossbach’s, for tumor of the larynx, this con- sists in introducing a thin knife antero-posteriorly into the median line of the larynx from without, OPERATIONS and amputating the tumor while the operation is watched in the laryngeal mirror, held in the usual position. Rotter's, for uranoplasty, a modification of Blasius' operation, in which a long cutaneo- periosteal flap is taken from the forehead, passed through the unclosed hare-lip, and grafted into the cleft of the palate. Rouge's, for access to the masa/ cavities; the upper lip is freed from the jaw by an incision through the mucous membrane; the cartil- aginous septum and lower lateral cartilages are then detached so that the nose and lips can be raised to the necessary extent. Rouse's, for proctotomy; the mak- ing of a deep incision in the fossa beside the sphincter without severing the latter; through this incision the diseased portion of the rectum is pressed out and excised. Routh's, for pyosalpinx, aspiration of the contents of the diseased Fallopian tube. Roux's : I. For amputation of the foot, a modification of Syme’s operation, in which the flap is made chiefly from the inner side of the foot. 2. For chiloplasty; after removing the diseased parts and the formation of suitable flaps, the prominent portions of the superior maxillary bones are removed to permit of better adjust- ment of the flaps. 3. For ectopia vesica, closure by means of flaps, one being dissected from the abdomen above, and another from the scrotum below. 4. For excision of the elbow ; a modification of Moreazz's incision, in which the inner line of the H is omitted. 5. For excision of the hip; it is done by raising a flap from over the great trochanter. 6. For excision of the tongue; division of the symphysis menti and removal of the entire tongue. 7. For hysterectomy, temporary resection of the sacrum. 8. For ligation of the axillary artery; the incision is made through the delto-pectoral interval. 9. For removal of a naso- pharyngeal polypus, it is done through the upper jaw by an osteoplastic operation, the whole jaw and malar bone with the soft parts being turned upward and outward upon the temple. IO. A lastic, a flap is transferred from a distant part by successive migra- tion. Roux-Sèdillot's, for excision of the tongue. See Roux's operation. Rudtorffer's, for webbed' fingers ; division of the web after a cicatricial hole has been established through it, at the root of the fingers. Ruysch's, for amputation at the wrist-joint; a semilunar incision is made over the dorsum of the hand; the articulation is opened, and the anterior flap is cut from within outward. Rydygier's, for pylorectomy, a vertical parietal in- cision is made a little to the right of the middle line. Sabatier's : I. For excision of the shoulder; a V- shaped flap is raised from the deltoid region. 2. For iridectomy, excision through a corneal incision as in cataract-extraction. Saemisch's, for hypopyon ulcer, the cornea is transfixed and the intervening tissue, including the base of the ulcer, is divided by cutting outward. Saint Germain’s : I. For phimosis, dila- tation of the foreskin. 2. For fracheotomy for stenosis of the larynx, rapid laryngotracheotomy; the single stroke method ; the larynx is fixed between the thumb and finger of the left hand, and a straight sharp- pointed bistoury is thrust through the crico-thyroid membrane. Salmon’s, for fistula in ano; in cases in which there is much induration an incision from one- eighth to one-fourth of an inch deep is made along the track. This is the well-known “bacécut; ” it is said to greatly promote healing. Sånger's, a method of performing Cesarean section, a modification of the usual operation in which the uterus is delivered through a long abdominal incision before extraction of the fetus. Sänger-Leopold's, for Cesarean section ; improved suture of the uterine wound, a deep and a OPERATIONS 923 superficial row being introduced, two of the superficial alternating with one of the deep. Sånger-Tait's. See Tait's operation. Sanson's, for excision of the Amee; similar to Zextor's operation. Sauter's, for colpo-hys- terectomy; vaginal hysterectomy, the ovaries and tubes being left in situ. Sauter-Recamièr, for hysterec- tomy; the same as Sauter's operation Sayre's : I. For ankylosis of the hºp, section of the femur above the lesser trochanter, with removal of a semicircular piece of bone and rounding of the upper shaft-end so as to facilitate the formation of a false joint. 2. For excision of the hip-joint, the subperiosteal method; the incision is made down to the bone, the periosteum is peeled off and the bone is divided above the tro- chanter minor. 3. Intertrochanteric osteotomy for the formation of a false joint in ankylosis; removal of a disc of bone from between the trochanters, having its upper surface convex and its lower surface flat. , Scalping Operation. See Gerdy’s operation. Scarpa's: 1. For iridodialysis ; a needle is plunged through the sclerotica, the point passed through the superior internal border of the iris from behind for- ward, and with a see-saw motion the iris is detached in one-third of its circumference. 2. For ligation of the femoral artery; it is done at the middle of Scarpa's triangle. 3. For stricture of the lacrymal duct, in- cision of the anterior wall of the sac and the intro- duction of a leaden style into the duct. Schäfer’s, a method of arterial transfusion, the dorsalis pedis artery is exposed in each subject and the distal ends are ligated; glass cannulae attached to rubber tubing are then tied into the arteries, both ends being directed toward the heart. Schede's : I. For carcinoma of the rectum ; a modification of Áraske's operation in which the free edge of the peritoneum is secured to the serous surface of the gut; a preliminary inguinal colotomy is performed to avoid the fecal fistula and protracted healing. 2. For genu valgum, ostećctomy of the tibia and a linear complex osteotomy of the fibula. Schmalz’s, for stricture of the lacrymal duct, the introduction of a thread through the Sac, and as far into the duct as possible. Schmidt's, for iridodi- alysis ; the same as Scarpa's operation. Schmitz's, for genu valgum ; the same as Ogston's operation, ex- cept that it is done through a larger wound. Schön- bein’s, for staphyloplasty; a flap of mucous membrane is taken from the posterior pharyngeal wall and is stitched to the velum in order to shut off the nose from the mouth, Schramm's, for carcinoma of the cervix uteri; the injection of antiseptic fluids directly into the carcinomatous tissues; he employs a solution of corrosive sublimate. Schroeder’s : I. Colpor- rhaphy, the removal of a single long and broad strip of the vaginal wall and the approximation of the cut edges by sutures. 2. Hysterectomy, celiotomy and removal of the entire body of the uterus, with intra-peritoneal treatment of the pedicle. 3. Trache- lorrhaphy; the whole of the erosion is exsected, and stitches introduced. Schroeder and Löhlein’s, for pruritus vulvae; excision of the diseased skin. Schück- ing’s, for prolapse of the uterus, vaginal hysteropexia by means of a special needle, the thread being passed through the uterine cavity, out at the fundus, and through the anterior vaginal vault; the two ends are tied together and allowed to slough out. Schueller’s, for entropion, two elliptic skin-incisions are made, united at their ends, and the distal margins are sutured together, over the included portion of attached skin. Schultze’s, for retrodisplacements of the uterus, it con- sists in carefully tearing the adhesions from the uterine surface while replacing the uterus, Schwalbe’s, for reducible hernia ; it consists in the subcutaneous in- OPERATIONS jection of alcohol (from 20 to 70 per cent.), by means of a Pravaz syringe, into the ring as near as possible to the hernial sac; the amount injected is two or three grams; these injections are repeated in from four to fourteen days, according to the sensitiveness of the pa- tient and the amount of reaction; they are then omitte‘l, and recommenced after a pause of from eight to four- teen days; the ring is eventually closed by fibrous thickening and contraction; the duration of treatment varies from one month to two-and-a-half years or more. Schwartze’s, for mastoid and middle-ear disease; opening of the mastoid cells by the use of the hammer and chisel. Schweigger's, for advance- ment of a rectus muscle; the muscle is transfixed by catgut sutures, a portion of the tendon is removed and the ends are approximated by passing the sutures that have been placed in the muscle. Scoutetten's : I. A method of performing amputation ; the oval opera- tion in which a single flap is made on one side of the limb to be received into a corresponding space on the opposite side. 2. For amputation at the hip-joinſ, disarticulation by the modified oval method, with the summit of the incision on the outer side. Sédillot’s: I. A method of performing amputation ; the combina: tion of the flap and circular methods; the superficial flaps are formed from within outward, and the deep muscles are divided circularly. 2. For amputation at the ankle-joint; this method resembles Syme’s operation, except that the flap is made from the inner and plantar surfaces of the foot and ankle. 3. For amputation of the leg; it is done at the “place of election’’ by a large external flap cut by transfixion. 4. For ample- tation of the thigh, it is done by a single long anterior flap, the structures at the back of the limb being divided to the bone by one transverse incision. 5. Chiloplasty for restoration of the lower lip; vertical flaps are taken from either cheek, and brought together in the median line, to form the lip. 6. Chiloplasty for restoration of the upper lip, the formation of quad- rangular flaps extending below the level of the mouth and attached above; it is the reverse of Dieffenbach’s operation. 7. For double ſhare-lip ; flaps consisting of the outer margins of the clefts are turned down to form the red border of the completed lip, and are united in the middle line, oblique incisions being made upward and outward to free the outer segments; the central tubercle is then pared, and the raw surfaces are brought together. 8. For excision of the hip ; it is done by raising a flap from over the great trochanter. 9. For excision of the knee; it is done by two lateral vertical incisions. Io. For excision of the tongue, a modification of Æoux’s operation, 7. v. II. For gastros- tomy, a transverse incision is made below the xiphoid cartilage. I2. For /igation of the in nominate arſery; an incision is made between the heads of the sterno- mastoid muscle. I3. For the removal of a naso- Aharyngeal polyp, a linear incision is made through "the soft palate, and extended as far up on the hard palate as the palato-maxillary suture; by means of the periosteal elevator, the palatal processes are denuded first on the oval surfaces, then on the nasal; the horizontal plate of the palatal bone is then ex- sected by scissors or forceps, and the edges of the wound are to be united by sutures. I4. For staphy/or- rhaphy, liberating incisions are made on each side of the suture. I5. For strabotomy, an incision is made over the body of the muscle; when the latter is completely exposed, the hook is inserted and division made with the scissors. Semiramidian Operation, castration ; a name proposed for castration on the belief that it was first performed by Semiramis. Semon's (Felix), for adenoid vegetations of the naso-pharynx; OPERATIONS 924 scraping with Gottstein's curet while the patient’s head is hanging over the edge of the table, to prevent the blood and fragments from entering the air-passages. Senn's (AV) : I. For amputation at the hip-joint, by means of a skewer as in Myles' operation. 2. For gastro- enterostomy, it is done with the use of perforated bone- plates, as in Senn's operation for intestinal anastomosis. 3. For intestinal areastomosis, the diseased tissue is excised, and the ends of the bowel entirely and per- manently closed, the continuity of the canal being restored by means of “intestinal anastomosis by lateral approximation ” with the use of bone-plates. 4. For Aancreatic cyst; two stages: (1) the bottom of the wound is packed over the cyst-wall with iodoform- gauze ; (2) the cyst is opened after six or eight days. 5. For suture of the intestine; a modification of Jobert’s operation, in which a soft, pliable rubber ring, made of a rubber band transformed into a ring by fastening the ends together with catgut sutures, is placed within the upper segment of the bowel; the sutures in transfixing the bowel pass through the upper portion of the ring. Serres’: I. For b/ep/aroplasty; the same as Ānapp's operation. 2. For restoration of the angle of the mouth, two triangles are so fashioned that their bases meet at the site of the new angle of the mouth. Seton Operation, any operation in which a seton is used to give rise to inflammatory adhesions. Sexton's, for otorrhea, it consists in the removal of any traces of the membrana flaccida, of the membrana vibrans and the malleus and incus, if present, and of the granulation and carious tissues. Sharp's, for iridotomy; the same as Chese/den’s oper- ation, except that the needle is introduced through the cornea. Sharpe's, a method of performing amputa- tions, the same as Soupart’s operation. Sigault's, for otherwise impossible labor; pubic symphysiotomy. Sig- norini's, for the radical cure of hermia ; similar to Gerdy’s operation, except that a female catheter takes the place of the finger, and three pins are used instead of sutures. Simon’s (J.) : I. For ectopia vesica, com- munication between the bladder and the bowel is effected by means of threads passed from the ureters into the rectum. 2. For elongation of the vagina/ portion of the cervix, it consists in the removal of a wedge-shaped section of the elongated cervix, the apex of which extends high up into the cervical wall, while the base is formed by the lower portion of the lips. 3. For exploration of the rectum and ad;acent parts, it consists in introducing the hand or the hand and arm of the operator into the bowel. 4. For lacer- aſion of the perineum, the edges are freshened; then sutures are first passed so as to include all the denuded rectal mucous membrane ; each suture com- mences and ends in the rectum, and is tied as soon as passed; the wound is then closed as usual. 5. For zeretero-vagina/ſistula, an opening is made into the bladder where the ureter empties into the vagina; through this opening a sound is passed from the bladder into the ureter; the uretero-vaginal wall is slit up from the bladder on the sound; the margins of the wound are daily separated by a sound until cicatrization has taken place ; the vaginal fistula is closed at a second operation. 6. For vesico-vaginal ſ's/u/~ ; adaptation of the pared margins, the mucous membrane of the bladder being included in the abrasion ; the stationary catheter is not retained after- ward. Simpson's (Sir J.) : I. For oùpherectomy: acupressure is applied to the pedicle inside of the abdominal wall. 2. For stenosis of the cervix uteri ; bilateral incisions through the whole length of the cervical canal. Sims' (Marion): I. For ante- ſerion of the uſerus, incision of the posterior lip of OPERATIONS the cervix in the median line up to the point of flexion, to permit of communication between the upper por- tion of the uterine canal and the posterior vaginal fornix, so that the discharges may escape the curve of flexure. 2. For cholecystotomy, the gall-bladder is stitched to the abdominal wound and a permanent fistula is estab- lished. 3. For coſporrhaphy, denudation of a V- shaped surface on the anterior wall of the vagina and apposition of its arms by sutures. 4. For lithotomy (in the female); the parts are exposed as for the oper- ation for vesico-vaginal fistula; a curved director is passed through the urethra into the bladder, and made to project on the anterior vaginal wall; this is cut down upon, and the stone extracted ; the opening is not to be closed. 5. For supra-vaginal elongation of the cervix, the cervix is amputated with scissors, and the mucous membrane is drawn over the stump and united with four stitches. 6. For trachelotomy; division of the cervix on either side up to the vaginal junction, and division of the cervical canal as high as the in- ternal os; if the cervix is flexed, the lip on the con- vex side is divided, and the canal is enlarged as before. 7. For vesico-vaginal fistula, coaptation of the pared margins, the abrasion not including the vesical sur- face; retention of a catheter afterward. Sinclair’s, for diseased Fallopian tubes; free incision per vaginam, and subsequent washing out of the empty tubes. Skene's (A. J. C.), for anteflexion of the uterus with imperfect invagination of the cervix into the vagina ; transverse division of the anterior vaginal wall after the anterior column of the vagina has been put on the stretch by drawing the cervix backward toward the hollow of the sacrum; the upper and lower edges of the incision are drawn apart by stretching the incised portion, and sutures are introduced from the sides, transforming the transverse incision into a longitudinal incision. Skewer Methods, for amputation through the hip-joint. See Myles', Spence's, and Wyeth’s op- erations. Skey’s : I. For tarso-metatarsal amputa- tion ; disarticulation through the outer three and inner joints, the base of the second metatarsal bone being sawn through. 2. For rhinoplasty, two lateral flaps made from the side of the nose upon the cheek are brought into the mesial line. Skutsch's, for salpingost- omy, after ascertaining by aspiration the nature of the contents of a tube which has been converted into a serous cyst, an oval piece about half an inch wide is excised from the abdominal end, and the mucous and serous surfaces are united with silk sutures around the opening ; the new ampulla should be sutured to the ovary. Smith's ( Greig) : I. For ectopia vesicae; a modification of Wood's operation in which the flaps are made larger. 2. For extreme intestina/ obstruc- tion, an artificial anus is made, and the intestine is patiently milked to squeeze out the feces. 3. For removal of the atterine appendages; it is done by ab- dominal incision. Smith's (G. K.), for internal ure- throtomy; it is done with a special dilating urethrotome. Smith's (AZ), for hemorrhoids; crushing by means of a clamp, and applying the Paquelin cautery to the stump after cutting away the projecting part. Smith’s (AV) : I. For amputation at the Anee-joint; it is done by a large anterior and a smaller posterior skin-flap. 2. A method of performing ovariotomy; the arteries of the pedicle are tied separately and the ligatures (strips cut from a kid-glove) are cut short, the pedicle being dropped inside. Smith's (S.): I. For amputation through the Ånee-joint, it is done by “lateral hooded skin-flaps,” the incision commencing in front about one inch below the tubercle of the tibia, and being carried up to the center of the articulation behind, the patella being preserved. 2. Osteotomy, two partial OPERATIONS sections of the femur are made just below the trochanter minor, one anteriorly, the other posteriorly; the bone is then fractured. Smith's (Z.) : I. For double ſhare- Ap; the outer segments are pared and the parings re- moved; the prolabial flaps are then turned down from the sides of the central tubercle. 2. For uranoplasty; the utilization of the mucous membrane covering the vomer as a means of bridging the cleft. Smyth's, for ligation of the vertebral artery; the incision is commenced at the clavicle, and is carried upward along the posterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle for three inches; the process of the sixth cervical vertebra is sought for as a guide. Snellen's : I. For conjunctival ectropion ; traction is exerted on the con- tracted conjunctiva so that it becomes permanently inverted, the sutures being passed through the highest part of the everted mucous membrane. 2. For ectropion; two needles on the same thread are passed parallel to each other some distance apart, from the summit of the everted conjunctiva beneath the skin and out about the margin of the orbit; the two ends are then tied over a roll of gauze. 3. For entropion ; a modification of Streaffield’s operation, in which, after grooving the tarsus throughout its whole extent, sutures are used to effect the desired re- sult. 4. For strabotomy; a horizontal incision is made in the conjunctiva over the middle of the ten- don; the tendon is then seized with forceps, and a snip is made into it with the scissors; the upper portion of the tendon is divided first, then the lower portion. 5. For trichiasis; a loop of thread is passed, by means of a needle, in the free margin of the lid as near as possible to the offending hair; the hair is caught in the loop and drawn through the needle-tract. Socin's : 1. For the radical cure of inguinal hermia ; ligature and excision of the sac. 2. For the removal of tumors of the thyroid gland; incision through the normal gland-structure and enucleation of the neoplasm. Sonnenburg's: I. For ectopia vesica, the bladder is extirpated and the ureters united to the dorsal groove of the penis. 2. For resection of the bladder; a supra-pubic operation with removal of a tumor in- volving the anterior wall of the bladder; the bladder- wound is closed by stitching the peritoneum over it. Sotteau's, for the radical cure of inguinal hernia ; a double invagination of the scrotum is made to fill the canal. Soupart's, for amputation at the elbow-joint; an elliptic amputation, with the highest point of the ellipse in front, the flap being taken from behind. Spanton's : I. For fixity of the lower jaw; subcuta- neous division of the adhesions between the condyle and the glenoid cavity. 2. For the radical cure of inguinal hernia; the subcutaneous method; after re- duction of the rupture a small incision is made over the fundus of the sac and the pillars of the ring are closed with the screw-instrument. Spence’s : I. For amputation at the shoulder-joint; this resembles Zar- rey's operation, except that the longitudinal incision is made on the inner aspect of the arm. 2. For ampu- tation of the thigh, it is done by long anterior and short posterior flaps, the latter being cut from without inward, and commenced two inches below the base of the anterior flap. Sperino's, for cataract; repeated paracentesis of the aqueous humor. Spiegelberg's, for prolapse of the uterus, with marked cystocele, the middle of the lower portion of the anterior vaginal wall is united to the middle of the upper portion of the posterior wall, after each has been denuded, in addition to the repair of the perineum. Squire's, for port-wine marks ; multiple parallel incisions. Stacke's, for middle-ear disease, incision through the skin, circumscribing the auricle posteriorly; the 925 OPERATIONS membranous meatus is shelled out of the osseous canal; the median upper part of the bony meatus is cut away and the exposed malleus and incus re- moved; the superior wall is then chiseled to near the drum-insertion; then the posterior wall of the meatus is cut away; thus the attic, tympanum, an- trum, and meatus are converted into one large cavity. Star-operation, for transversely Macerated perineum, after denudation of a transverse strip, a median tri- angular or bilateral figure is denuded across the trans- verse strip. Stearns’, for internal urethrotomy; it is done with a special dilating urethrotome. Steele's, for deviated nasal septum ; a modification of Blandin’s operation, g. v. Stellwag's : I. Canthoplasty; an oblique blepharotomy or sphincterotomy. 2. For cat- aract-extraction, a corneal flap-extraction. 3. For trichiasis ; re-attaching the raw surface of the tarsus to the ablated zone of hair-follicles, so that the border that bears the cilia looks upward and that which has the raw surface looks downward. Stevens’, for Jigation of the internal iliac artery; an incision about five inches long is made parallel with the deep epi- gastric artery and nearly 9% inch on the outer side of it. Stevens’ (G. T.), for muscular asthenopia; par- tial or graduated tenotomy of one of the ocular mus- cles. Stilling's : I. Ovariotomy; the cautery is ap- plied to the pedicle, which should be stitched in the parietal wound. 2. For stricture of the nasal duct; internal incision. Stillman’s, for hemorrhoids, the patient is placed in the knee-chest position and each mass is reduced by manipulation as for hernia, after which a pile-bougie is introduced. Stimson’s, for fracture of the patella ; four small punctures are made deeply through the skin at the margin of the patella, at equal distances from it, O. A half-curved Hagedorn needle armed with a heavy silk suture is carried in one lower incision, through the ligamentum patellae, and out the opposite incision, reëntered at the point of exit and brought out at the upper incision on the same side, inserted again at the same point, made to transfix the quadriceps tendon and emerge at the other upper in- cision, introduced again at the same point and brought out at the place of starting. The fragments are held together by strong tenacula and the sutures tied tightly and the ends cut short; the incisions are then closed. Stokes' (Sir W.) : I. For amputation above the Amee; the same as Gritti's operation, except that section of the femur is made above the condyles. 2. For excis- ion of the tongue; a modification of Jaeger's opera- tion. 3. For ſaf-foot, by removing a wedge-shaped piece of bone from the head and neck of the astrag- alus. 4. For sing/e/are-lip, the prolabium is formed by tissue from both sides of the cleft by means of in- cisions skirting the red margin ; the upper part of the cleft is incompletely pared and the partially dissected flaps turned back, while the edges of the skin are brought together and the prolabial flaps drawn down- ward and outward. Stoltz’s, for cystoceſe; it is also called the purse-string and tobacco-fouch operation; denuding a circular patch on the anterior vaginal wall, and running a suture around the margin and tying. Streatfeild's: I. For arresia of the punctum lacrº- male, slitting of the canaliculus. 2. For cataract- extraction ; it is made with a Sichel’s knife without counter-puncture, the wound being enlarged by a Sawing motion. 3. For entroſion : removal of a wedge-shaped strip from the tarsal cartilage. 4. For synechia ; the same as Passavant's operation, except that a cutting-hook is used in place of forceps. Streat- feild-Snellen's, for entropion ; like Streatfeild's ope- ration, except that the groove in the tarsus is made higher up. Strohmeyer's, for strabotomy; an incis- OPERATIONS 926 ion is made with a cataract-knife in the line of the ten- don; the probe is then passed beneath the muscle and the latter is divided with scissors or knife. Sutton’s (A’. S.), for trachelorrhaphy; the denudation removes a large amount of diseased tissue, and the patency of the canal is maintained. Syme's (J.) : I. A method of performing amputations; the oval tegumentary flap ope- ration; a modification of the mixed amputation. 2. For amputation at the azekle-joint, a single plantar flap is made, from which the os calcis is dissected out, after disarticulation has been accomplished; the malleoli and lower end of the tibia are then removed. 3. For amputation of the Zhigh , a modification of the circular amputation, in which retraction of the skin is aided by two lateral cuts after the usual circular incision has been made. 4. For excision of the elbow, the same as Moreau's operation. 5. For excision of the shoulder; a large posterior flap is taken from the deltoid region. 6. For excision of the tongue; a modification of A'oux's operation, Q. v. 7. For external urethrotomy; the stricture is divided through the perineum upon a grooved director. 8. For restoration of the lower lip; two large lateral flaps are dissected from the chin and sides of the face and brought together in the middle line. 9. For rhinoplasty, two flaps from the cheeks, with a conjoint pedicle at the root of the nose, are united in the middle line. Szokalski's, for ptery- gium ; it is removed by means of . , thread, armed with two needles, so that the growth is strangulated at each end and en masse between. Szymanowski’s : I. For the closure of an artificial anus, it is done by means of a flap of integument without any sacrifice of the intestinal wall. 2. For blepharoplasty; a mod- ification of the cantho-temporal and temporo-genal incisions, the former running obliquely upward and outward and the latter obliquely downward and inward. 3. For ectropion of the lower lid, excision of a triangu- lar piece of skin at the external canthus, removal of a part of the ciliary margin, and suture of the lid in the proper position. 4. For hypospadias, a straight incis- ion is made near one edge of the fistula, and the skin is dissected loose; on the opposite side of the fistula, a curved flap is raised, and after the epidermis is scraped off, the flap is turned under the first one and secured by sutures. 5. For restoration of the upper // ; lateral flaps of the full breadth of the lip are cut from the cheek on each side, and their inner extrem- ities are brought together in the median line. 6. For wrethral fistula ; a flap is dissected up on either side of the fistula, and one is slid under the other, the under one having the epidermis removed, except at the point that will lie over the fistula. Tagliacotian, or Italian Method, for restoration of the nose. See Tagliacozzi’s operation. Tagliacozzi's, for rhino- //asty; the forming of a new nose from a flap from the arm secured in place, and left attached to the arm until union has occurred. Tait's (Lawson). I. For hepatotomy for hydatid cyst; it is performed in one stage and involves opening of the abdominal cavity, incision and evacuation of the cyst, and the suturing together of the margins of the hepatic and parietal wounds. 2. For lacerated perineum, the ſlap-splitting operation; the recto-vaginal septum is split transversely and from the extremities of this incision two lateral incisions are made, running up toward the lower ter- minus of each nympha and down to a little above the anal orifice; these two flaps are dissected up; the upper one is drawn toward the urethra, the lower one down toward the anus; sutures are passed laterally and the edges are brought together. 3. For odp/lorectomy; the same as Aattey's operation, with inclusion of the Fallo- pian tube. 4. For oãphorectomy; the pedicle is secured OPERATIONS with a silk ligature and the “Staffordshire knot.” See Anot. Tate’s, for uterine inversion, similar to Watts’ operation except that one finger is also passed into the bladder to act in conjunction with the fingers in the rectum. Tausini’s, for /kepazotomy; the cyst is dissected out, and the wound in the liver is closed by a double series of catgut and silk ligatures. Taylor's : I. For cataract-extraction ; the incision is made with a broad needle, the capsule is lacerated and an artificial pupil is made, through which the lens is extracted, 2. For genu valgum due to femoral curving ; section of the shaft of the femur on the outer side, a short distance above the joint. Teale's : I. For amputation of the arm ; the long flap is placed upon the antero-external aspect of the arm ; the brachial artery and the median and ulnar nerves are divided with the posterior flap. 2. For amputation of the leg, a rectangular-flap opera- tion, in which a long anterior and a short posterior flap are made, each consisting of both integument and muscle; the length of the anterior flap is equal to half the circumference of the limb, and the posterior flap is one-quarter of the length. 3. For amputation of the thigh, the same procedure as in Teale's ampu- £ation of the leg. 4. For cataract-extraction, removal of a soft cataract by suction. 5. For lacrymal stricture, slitting of the lower canaliculus and introduction of different sized olive-pointed probes. 6. For symbleph- aron , two flaps of the bulbar conjunctiva are taken from either side, one of which is used for covering the inner surface of the lid, while the other serves as a covering for the eye. Teevan's, for internal urethrot- omy, it is done with a modification of Maisonneuve's urethrotome. Terrillon’s, for hepatotomy for hydatid cyst; the portion of the liver containing the cysts is re- moved by means of an elastic ligature applied after the performance of celiotomy. Textor's, for excision of the Anee, it is done by a curved transverse anterior incis- ion, with its convexity downward. Theobald’s, for subconjunctival strabotomy; it is performed after Critchett's method, a “crochet-hook?” being used in- stead of the ordinary blunt one, to prevent the tendon slipping off. Thiersch's : I. For ectopia vesica: ; closure by means of two large lateral flaps, one to cover the lower half of the defect, and the other the upper half. 2. For rhinoplasty; two lateral flaps from the cheeks are turned over to meet in the middle line, their raw surface being turned out; a flap from the forehead is then brought down and covers all, 3. For skin-grafting, the graft is made by a to-and-fro motion with a razor, shaving off as long and as broad a section of the upper layers of the skin as is desired. 4. For epispadias; the formation of a meatus and urethra by dissection of various flaps, the entire treatment covering a period of several months. 5. For uranoplasty; the alveolar process is chiseled away and a flap consisting of the whole thickness of the cheek is turned in to close the hole in the hard palate. Thomas's (T. G.) : I. For hys: terectomy, celiotomy with the use of the clamp and the charring of the end of the pedicle with the galvano- cautery. 2. For Zaparo-elytrotomy, removal of the fetus through incisions in the abdominal wall and in the vagina, without opening the peritoneum or wounding the uterus. Thompson's (Sir H.) : I. For cystiffs due to hypertrophied prostate, the establishment of a per- manent vesical fistula over the pubes. 2. For internal aurethrotomy; it is done with Thompson’s modification of Civiale’s urethrotome. 3. For vesical tumor, the removal by a median perineal cystotomy, with the use of Thompson's special forceps. Thread-operation, an operation proposed by von Graefe, for regulating the position of the eyeball after tenotomy; the thread is OPERATIONS - 9: passed through the stump of the tendon and is fastened to the skin near the eye. Tiffany’s, for zemion of tendort and ſlap, in amputation of fingers at the joint between the first and second phalanges, the Stitch that unites the skin is passed through the tendon and its sheath. Tillaux's, for cholecystemterostomy; it is performed in three stages: (1) the gall-bladder is fixed by sutures to a loop of the jejunum and a biliary fistula is established by uniting the margins of an opening made in the gall- bladder to the parietal wound; (2) after about nine days an artificial communication is established between the bowel and the gall-bladder through the fistula; (3) eighteen days later the biliary fistula is closed by a plastic operation. Travers’, for cataract-extrac- tion ; the capsule is divided and the lens is displaced into the anterior chamber; it is then removed through a small corneal incision. Travignot's, for amputation of the leg; it is done by a large posterior flap and a short anterior one. Trélat’s : I. For Dupuy- tren’s contraction ; division of the attachments be- tween the skin and fibrous bands, followed by division of the bands themselves. 2. For internal urethrotomy; a special urethrotome is used and the stricture is cut both ways. Trendelenburg’s : I. For ectopia zesica , narrowing of the defective area by approxi- mating the two innominate bones, after division of the sacro-iliac synchondrosis on either side. 2. For flat- foot; supra-malleolar osteotomy. 3. For staphylo- plasty; the same as Schönbein’s operation. Treves’ (F) : I. for spinal abscess; a vertical incision, two and a half inches in length, is made in the loin, midway between the last rib and the crest of the ilium, the incision to be parallel with the vertebral side of the outer border of the erector spinae muscle. 2. For ununited fracture of short bones; the fragments are held in position with a pair of modified Małgaigne's hooks. 3. For varicocele, exposure of the veins, the application of two ligatures and excision of the included portion. Treves' (W. K.), for excision of the knee; it is done by two vertical lateral incisions. Triangu- lar-flap operation, for lacerated perineum. See Dum- can's operation. Tripier's : I. For amputation through the foo/, a modification of Cho?art's operation in which the os calcis is sawn through horizontally at the level of the sustentaculum tali and its lower portion is removed. 2. For blepharoplasty; a flap is taken from the upper lid to close a deficiency in the lower lid. Valette’s : I. For the radical cure of hernia, an attempt is made to close the canal by causing an eschar by means of Vienna paste. 2. For the removal of a naso-pharyn- geal tumor; by an operation similar to those of Berard and Hugier, but of less extent; the anterior and inner wall of the maxillary sinus is removed, and the sinus is thus opened into the nasal cavity. Van Best's, for the radical cure of hernia ; subcutaneous suturing of the inguinal rings. Van Buren’s, for prolopsus and ; a linear cauterization of the mucosa with the Paquelin cautery. Van Millingen’s : I. For entropion ; the mucosa is transplanted into the wound made by an incision at the lid-margin. 2. For trichiasis ; the covering of the wound made in Arlº's operation by mucosa from the patient’s lips or from the conjunctiva of a rabbit, instead of with skin. Veit's : I. A method of performing embry- otomy, evisceration followed by simultaneous trac- tion on an arm and the breech, the fetus being de- livered doubled up. 2. For otherwise impossible labor, the same as Porro-Veit’s operation. Veitch’s, for ama- putation at the hip-joint; the same as Esmarch's opera- tion. Velpeau's : I. For excision of the upper jaw; an incision is commenced at the angle of the mouth and is carried in a curved direction, through the cheek to 7 OPERATIONS end over the center of the malar bone. 2. For excision? of the wrist, by raising a dorsal flap. 3. For iridotomy; a long double-edged kniſe transfixes the cornea, passes through the iris to the posterior chamber and back to the anterior chamber, through the cornea again, and a flap is cut; this leaves a triangular opening in the iris. 4. For preternatura/ an us ; removal of the adventi- tious tissue around the preternatural anus, and suturing of the wound. Vermale’s: I. A method of per- forming amputation, the ordinary double-flap opera- tion, the flaps being cut by transfixion whenever pos- sible. 2. For amputation of the arm ; by lateral flaps marked out by a skin-incision, the remaining soft parts being divided by transfixion; the inner flap is cut the longer. 3. For amputation of the thigh , by lateral flaps of the same size and including all the soft parts down to the bone; both flaps are cut by transfixion. Verneuil’s : I. For amputation through the foot; subastragaloid disarticulation, the incision commence ing over the outer tuberosity of the os calcis and being carried forward to and over the dorsum of the foot, just behind the base of the metatarsal bones and finally sweeping across the sole to the point of com- mencement. 2. For iliac colotomy; a nearly vertical incision is made, and a knuckle of gut is transfixed and kept in place by two needles which lie on the parietes; the exposed bowel is then stitched to the margins of the parietal wound and the protruding knuckle is excised. 3. For procłotomy; the rectum is first divided into lateral halves with the écraseur, and the subsequent dissection is done with the galvano- cautery knife. 4. For rhinoplasty; two flaps from the cheeks and forehead are superimposed to secure elevation of the sunken nose. 5. For stricture of the rectum ; the same as Zenti’s operation, except that a posterior incision only is made. Vidal’s (de Cassis): I. For gastrotomy, the parietal incision is made in the middle line. 2. For varicocele; subcutaneous con- striction of the veins by means of wire ligatures. Der Villard's (Carron): I. For ectropion; shortening of the skin of the lid in a transverse direction. 2. For iridotomy; the same as Maunoir's operation. Voil- lemiér's, for internal urethrotomy; it is done with a modification of Maisonnettve's urethrotome. Volk- mann's : I. For amputation at the hip-joint, the same as Esmarch's operation. 2. For excision of the rectum : (a) For a circumscribed growth, dilate the anus; pull down the diseased portion; remove by incision; suture. (b) For disease involving the circumference of the bowel, but not the anus ; divide the anus forward in the perineum and backward to the coccyx ; remove the growth by a knife or scissors, and the fingers, and stitch the healthy mucosa together; deep drainage; suture. (c) A or disease involving the circumference of the bowel, and part or all of the amus, make the anterior and posterior incisions as directed ; then carry a circular incision around the sphincter, and dissect out the growth ; the healthy mucosa is stitched to the skin- border; drainage ; suture. 3. Hepatotomy for /, /da/id/ cyst, it is performed in two stages; in the first, adhesion is secured between the parietal peritoneum and the he- patic peritoneum over the seat of puncture ; the second stage consists in incising the adherent cyst after some days. 4. For hydrocele; by a free incision in the tunica vaginalis and stitching the serous membrane to the skin. 5. For /repres; erasion with a curet. Von Graefe’s (Alfred). See Graefe’s operations. Von Hippel’s. See v. Hippel’s operations. Von Wal- ther's, for tarsorrhaphy, paring of the borders of the upper and lower lids adjoining the external angle and securing the denuded surfaces together. Waldau's, for cataract-extraction ; this differs from the linear OPERATIONS - 928 method of v. Graefe only in the smaller incision (less than 4 of the circumference of the cornea) and in the use of a special scoop to remove the lens. Walsham and Willett’s, for talipes calcaneus, oblique division of the tendo Achillis from above downward and from before backward, and slipping of the ends past each other and suturing. Walton's, for lacrymal stricture; slitting of the upper canaliculus into the sac, and the introduction of pure silver pins. Wardrop's : I. For aneurysm, ligation of a main branch of the artery distal to the aneurysm, leaving a circulation, however, through another branch. 2. For entropion ; ligation of a small portion of the skin by a suture passed beneath. Warlomont’s : I. For cataracz-ex- traction, a modification of the Graefe incision. 2. For trichiasis ; the portion of lid in which the cilia are implanted is detached, shifted upward, and fixed upon the tarsus. Warren's (M.) : I. For excision of the tºpper jaw; the same as Ve/peace’s operation. 2. For the radical cure of hernia ; the tissues of the inguinal rings are injected, by means of a syringe, with a mixture composed of the fluid extract of white oak, reduced to a syrupy consistence, and sulphuric ether and mor- phin. 3. Cramoplasty, the mucous membrane is dissected up and the soft palate is freed by dividing the posterior pillars, and then sutured in the middle line. Waterman's, for removal of a naso-pharyngeal tumor, similar to Cheever’s operation, except that the hard palate is not fractured, but acts as a hinge to the disarticulated superior maxilla, as in Cheever's double operation. Watson's (E.), for amputation through the foot, a modification of Pirogoff’s operation, in which the posterior part of the os calcis is sawn off and the cut is extended up behind the ankle-joint; the tibia and fibula are then sawn through from before backward and downward. Watson's (P. H.) : I. For ſarsectomy, the joints between the astragalus and Scaphoid and the os calcis and cuboid are opened and the metatarsal bones are sawn through from below upward. 2. Forgoiter, extirpation of the goiter. 3. For rhinoplasty, a modification of Fergusson’s operation, 7. v. Watson's (Spencer) : I. For em/ropion ; trans- planting a bridge of skin from the eyelid through to the conjunctival surface. 2. For trichiasis, the wound is covered by a pedunculated flap. Watts', for atterine inversion ; the same as Courty’s method, except that the fingers passed into the rectum are used to dilate the inverted cervix. Weber’s : I. For caza- . rac/-extraction ; the incision is made with a curved bistoury. 2. For Zacrymal stricture, a modification of Aozºman’s operation, slitting of the upper canaliculus, subcutaneous division of the canthal ligament, and dilatation by a conic silver sound and elastic cat- gut bougies. 3. Plastic, the large elliptic gap is closed by displacing a curved flap ; then a second curved flap is displaced into the gap thus made. 4. A’//mo//asay, an oval flap is taken from the center of the upper lip, consisting of only part of its thick- ness, and turned up and attached to the freshened edges of the defective ala. De Wecker’s : I. A/e//arop/asty; a modification of Reverdin's opera- /ion ; it consists in transplanting Small pieces of epi- dermis covered with gold-beater’s skin. 2. For cata- racf-extraction ; a modification of the Graefe incision in cataract-extraction, and extraction without iridectomy. 3. For cornea/ or ſenticle/ar opacities, division of the sphincter of the iris by introducing forceps-scissors through the corneal incision. 4. For evisceration ; a suture is run through the previously loosened con- junctival and subconjunctival tissue surrounding the cornea, and is carried entirely around by repeated punctures; the protrusion is then cut off and the two OPERATIONS ends of continuous suture are drawn together, thus preventing the escape of the vitreous. 5. For glau- coma, trephining of the cornea. 6. For iridectomy; an incision is made with von Graefe's knife through the cornea and iris; the forceps-scissors is then in- troduced, and a V-shaped portion of iris is removed. 7. For Zeukomata of the cornea, tattooing the leukomata. 8. For péosis, removal of an oval piece of skin from the lid, followed by suturing of the wound. 9. For ſedinal detachment, a very fine gold wire is introduced through the Sclera and choroid and allowed to remain, as a drain. IO. For sclerotomy; the cataract-knife is entered into the sclera, without completing the incis- ion ; prolapse of the iris is thus prevented. II. For staphy/oma, excision and uniting of the conjunctiva over the wound. I2. For strabismus, advancement of Tenon's capsule, and thus of the insertion of the muscle. Wehr's, for resection of the intestine; the end of the narrower part of the bowel is divided ob- liquely, so that the oblong opening which results shall correspond to the lumen of the other end. Weir's (R. A.) : I. For lumbar nephrectomy, a vertical lumbar in- cision three inches from the spine, just below the twelfth rib, is joined at the top by a transverse incision running along the edge of the ribs. 2. Rhinoplasty, a trans- verse cut is made through the sunken nose, and the tip is drawn down to the desired position, the result- ing wedge-shaped gap being filled by transplanting flaps from the cheeks. 3. For varicocele, subcutaneous ligation with carbolized or juniperized catgut. Wells' (Sir S.): I. Cholecystotomy; a modification of Sims' op- eration, in which it is proposed to close the incision in the gall-bladder by a continuous suture and return it to the abdominal cavity. 2. Splenectomy; the incision is made through the linea semilunaris. Wells’: I. For blepharoplasty of the upper lid; dissection of the cicatrix, replacement of the lid to its normal position, and transplantation of a flap from the temple. 2. For entropion, splitting of the lid into anterior and pos- terior leaves, excision of a fold of skin, and removal of a wedge-shaped piece of the tarsus. 3. For strabot- omy, division of the tendon, subconjunctivally, close to its insertion. Wenzel’s : I. For caſaracf-extrac- tion , in cases of total posterior synechia, a curved incision is directed downward, passing through the iris, and opening the lens. 2. /ridectomy, the same as Velpeau's operation, except that the flap is removed. West's, for excision of the wrist, two dorsal incisions are made and the tendons of the thumb and fingers are not divided, but are drawn aside. Westmore- land’s, for infernal urethrotomy, it is done with a modification of Al/aſsozzzzezdze’s urethrotome. Whar- ton’s, for amputation of the ſoof, a modification of Teale's operation in which only one flap is made and the bone is sawn off at the level to which a short flap, made according to Teale's method, would reach. Wheelhouse's, for external urethrotomy, division of the stricture on a grooved probe passed through the stricture from an opening made into the urethra in front of it. White's : I. For excision of the hip- joint, a semicircular incision is made above and behind the greater trochanter, the joint is exposed and dis- articulated, and the section made. 2. For atterize int- version ; it is replaced by pressure by means of a cup having at its base a short staff terminating in a steel spiral spring which rests against the operator, counter- pressure being made above. White's (J. William), for hypertrophy of the prostate; removal of the testicles. White's (O.), for the radical cure of hermia, invagin- ating the sac into the ring and plugging the latter with an instrument devised for the purpose. Whitehead's: I. For excision of hemorrhoids; removal of a circular OPERATIONS strip of mucous membrane around the anus, including the tumors. 2. For excision of the tongue, removal through the mouth, using only scissors. 3. Tracheoto- my; the incision is made in the usual situation, but of greater length than is common. Wickerkiewicz's, for scleritis ; the removal by means of a small sharp spoon of the diseased tissue in stubborn cases. Wickham's, for varicoceſe; it is done by Heur- teloup's modification of Henry's clamp, with removal of a large amount of scrotum. Wilde's : I. For mastoid or cerebral abscess, the bone is exposed Prom the base to the apex of the mastoid process, % inch behind the auricle, and if necessary, the bone is opened with a drill, gouge, or trephine. 2. For staphyloma, very similar to Critcheſt’s oper- ation, g. v. 3. For trichiasis; an incision is made to the roots of the inverted cilia followed by cauterization with silver nitrate and removal of the cilia. Willett’s, for talipes calcaneus, the tendo Achillis is divided obliquely and the cut ends are slid past each other until the proper shortening is obtained, when they are stitched in place. Williams', for lacry- mal stricture, a modification of Walton's operation ; dilatation by large silver probes. Winckel’s, for vaginal hysterectomy, after securing the cervical por- tion of the uterus an incision is made in the anterior vaginal vault, and is carried spirally around the cervix, ligating the vessels when necessary, and exerting steady traction on the uterus; the peritoneal cavity is thus easily penetrated, and posteriorly the entire supracervical portions of the broad ligament can be plainly seen and ligated in position. Winiwarter’s, cholecystem/erostomy, it is performed in two stages; in the first the gall-bladder is united to the upper por- tion of the jejunum and the parts are fixed to the pari- etal peritoneum; in the second, after about five days, the bowel is incised and a communication is estab- lished between the latter and the gall-bladder. Wit- zel’s, for gastrotomy, an incision is made, four inches long, beginning at the middle line and running to the left a finger's breadth below the border of the ribs; the fibers of the rectus muscle are separated by the fingers and not divided ; the stomach is brought out- side of the wound and opened toward the cardiac ex- tremity, and a rubber tube introduced ; the stomach is then returned and sutured to the margin of the abdom- inal opening. Wladimiroff's, for farsectomy; the heel portion of the foot, consisting of the astragalus, the calcis, and the soft parts covering them, is re- moved ; the articular surfaces of the tibia, fibula, cub- oid, and scaphoid are sawn off and the foot is brought into a straight line with the leg. Wladimiroff- Mikulicz's, for tarsectomy, the same as Āſīāulicz’s operation. Woelfler’s, for gastro-enterostomy; the first part of the jejunum is united by sutures to the mid- dle of the anterior surface of the stomach and a commu- nication is established between the two. Wolf's, for mastoid and middle-ear disease; it consists in penetra- ting the bony partition between the antrum and the ex- ternal auditory canal by successive layers, after removal of the soft parts. This operation is indicated for sub- periosteal removal of exostoses and hyperostoses of the auditory canal, in caries in the upper and back part of the auditory canal, and when the transverse sinus is so far forward as to interfere with other operations. Wolfe's : I. For ectropion ; transplantation of a flap from a distance, without a pedicle. 2. For retina/ de- tachment, a vertical incision is made in the conjunctiva and subconjunctival tissue, and an oblique incision into the sclera, followed by gentle pressure and suture. 3. For symblepharon, transplantation of the conjunctiva of a rabbit after division of the adhesions of the lid. 4. 929 OPERCULIGEROUS For tympanic granulations, scraping away of the pro- liferating granulations by small, sharp spoons of vari- ous shapes. Wölfler’s, for pyloric stenosis, gastro- enterostomy in malignant disease of the pylorus. Wood's (J.): 1. For rhinoplasty; a new nose is formed from a broad flap taken from the upper lip. 2. For ectopia vesica, closure by means of three flaps, a reversed upper or umbilical, and two lateral trans- planted flaps which are made to cover over the upper one. 3. For hypospadias, the anterior half of the ure- thra is formed from the prepuce (if redundant), and the remainder by means of a flap cut from the front of the scrotum. 4. For the radical cure of herizia, (I) the hernial canal is closed by subcutaneous sutures through the tendinous structures forming its boundaries; (2) for small herniae and herniae in children, a pair of rectan- gular pins are used instead of sutures. 5. For vari- coceſe ; a modification of Æicora’s operation, it con- sists in the application of a single subcutaneous liga- ture of annealed iron wire, the ends of which are fastened to a light steel spring, the veins being divided by the constant tension. Woolhouse’s, for the formation of an artificial pupil, division of the fibrous deposit, binding the iris by means of a needle introduced through the sclerotica. Wright's (G. A.): I. Arthrectomy; the interior of the knee-joint is exposed by an anterior transverse curved incision, and all of the diseased tissues, including the synovial membrane, ligament, cartilage, and bone, are removed by erasion. 2. For cataract-extraction ; an incision is made with Beer's knife entirely within the cornea; puncture and counter-puncture are made at the sclero- corneal junction. Wützer's, for the radical cure of 2nguina/ hernia, plugging of the hernial canal by an invagination of the scrotum, and its retention by a special instrument, thus exciting adhesive inflammation in the neck of the sac. Wyeth's (J. A.) : I. For am- Autation at the hip-joint; the ‘‘ b/oodless” method’, two steel mattress-needles are inserted in the tissues and rubber tubing is passed several times around the limb above the needles. 2. For internal urethrotomy; it is done with a modification of Otis's urethrotome. Wylie's, for retroflexioze of the uterus : shortening of the round ligaments after abdominal incision; the lig- aments are folded upon themselves and sutured. Zel- ler's, for webbed ſingers; a triangular flap is dissected up on the dorsal aspect of the root of the web, and the latter is divided, after which the apex of the flap is drawn down between the fingers and attached to a pre- pared raw surface on the palm. Operative (op/-er-a-tiv) [operari, to labor]. Effective; pertaining to an operation. C. Dentistry, the depart- ment of dentistry that pertains to the surgical treat- ment of diseases of the teeth and surrounding parts. Operator (oft/-er-a-tor) [operari, to labor]. A surgeon. Operatory (op/-er-at-or-e) [operator, a worker]. A laboratory. Opercle (0-per’-k/) [operculum, a lid.]. See Operczeńem. Opercular (o-ſer’-ku-/ar) [operculum, a lid.]. Pertain- ing to an operculum. Designed for closing a cavity. Having an operculum. Operculate (o-per/-Ku-/dt) [operculum, a lid]. ing an operculum. Operculiferous (o-per-ku-/f/-er-us) [operculum, a lid; ferre, to bear]. In biology, having an operculum. Operculiform (o-per/-ku-Ziform) [operculum, a lid : forma, form]. In biology, resembling an operculum. Operculigenous (o-per-ku-/i/-en-us) [operculum, a lid; gignere, to produce]. In biology, having an oper- culum. Operculigerous (o-per-ku-lij/-er-us) [operculum a lid; gerere, to carry]. Having an operculum. Possess- 59 OPERCULUM Operculum (o-per’-Au-lum) [I. : pl., Opercula]. A lid or cover. In biology, a lid, cap, flap, or cover; ap- plied to various occlusive apparatuses, structures, or organs, in plants and animals, as the cover of the cap- sule in mosses, the plate for closing the aperture of gasteropod shells, the feathered flaps of the ear of a bird, etc. In ichthyology, an Osseous formation which, in part, closes the great opening of the gills. In an- atomy, the convolutions covering the insula, consisting of the operculum proper, preoperculum, suboperculum, and postoperculum. O., Burdach’s, the O. insulae. O. cutis, the epidermis. O. ilei, the valve of Bauhin. O. insulae, the gyri of the brain over the insula. They are the subfrontal, the precentral and post- central, and the inferior central gyri. O. laryngis, the epiglottis. O. oculi, the eyelids. O. sellae, the dura over the pituitary body. Operimentum (o-per-im-en/-tum). Membrana (ympani, Q. v. Opertorium (o-per-to/re-um) [L., a cover]. Operculum. Ophelic Acid (o-ſe/-ić), Cls HoOo. sticky substance found in Chiretta. water, in ether, and in alcohol. Ophiasis (off-iſ-as-is) [bºtagic, serpentine baldness]. Alopecia areata in which the baldness progresses in a serpentine form. [Old.] Ophicephalous (off-is-ef’-a/-us) [öpug, a serpent; kepazºſ, the head]. Having a head like that of a serpent. Ophidomonas sanguinea (off-id'-o'-mo-nas san-gwin/- e-a/) [L.]. An old name for Beggiatoa roseo-persicina. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Ophiography (off-e-og’-ra-ſe) [6%tc., a serpent; Ypáðelv, to write]. Descriptive ophiology. Ophioid (off’-e-oid) [59tg, a serpent; eiðoç, like]. Re- sembling a serpent. Ophiolatry (off-e-o/-aſ-re) [6%tc., a serpent ; Warpeia, worship]. Serpent-worship. Ophiology (off-e-o/-o-je)[öpig, a serpent; A6)0ſ, science]. The scientific study of serpents. Ophiophagous (off-e-off’-ag-us) [Öptſ, a serpent; payeiv, to eat]. Feeding upon serpents. Ophiosis (off-e-o/-sis) [6%tc., serpent]. baldness with scaliness. Ophioxylin (off-e-oks/-iſ-in) [Öpig, a serpent; #0%0w, wood], Cigliº,0s. A yellow crystalline body obtained from Ophioxylon serpentinum, a purgative and anthel- mintic; its solutions stain first yellow, then brown. Ophioxylon, Ophioxylum (off-e-o/s/-il-on, off-e-oks/-ī/. um) [öpig, a serpent ; ;0%ov, wood]. - A genus of apo- cynaceous plants; serpent-wood. O. serpentinum, East Indian snake-root, used as an oxytocic and as a remedy for snake-bite. Unof. Ophryitis (off-re-iſ-ſis) [6%pic, brow ; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the eyebrow. g Ophryocystis (off-re-o-sis/-tis) [bºptic, eyebrow; Küortſ, bladder.]. A parasitic sporozoön. Ophryo-iniac (off’-re-o-in/-e-a/)[oºpic, eyebrow; ivtov, occiput]. Pertaining to the ophryon and the inion. Ophryon (off’-re-on)[öppüg, eyebrow]. In craniometry, the middle of a line drawn across the forehead at the level of the upper margin of the orbits. See Cranio- metric Points. * Ophryo-opisthiac (off’-re-o-o:/is/-the-ak) [ºpic, eye- brow; oriathog, hinder]. Pertaining to the ophryon and the opisthion. Ophryoscolex (off-re-o-sko'-le/s) [6%pic, brow ; alcóAm;, worm ; //, Ophryoscolices]. A genus of endopara- sitic peritrichous infusorians, representatives of which almost constantly inhabit the stomachs of cattle and sheep. See Parasites (Animal), Table ºf . , Ophryphtheiriasis (off-riſ-thi-ri’-as-is) [6%pic, eye- Synonym of the Same as An amorphous It is soluble in Circumscribed 930 OPHTHALMIA brow; ºffetpiaotº, pediculosis]. Pediculosis of the eyebrows and eyelashes. Ophrys (off’-ris) [oppūg, eyebrow]. The eyebrow. Ophrytic (off-rit/-ié) [oppūg, eyebrow]. Pertaining to the eyebrow. Ophthalmagra (off-thal-ma/-grah ) [ö40a2/1óg, eye; âypa, a seizure]. Gouty or rheumatic pain in the eye. Ophthalmalgia {{...". je-ah) [Öpffažuág, eye; âWyog, pain]. Neuralgia of the eye. Ophthalmalgic (off-thal-ma/-již)[öpffałſudg,eye; &Wyog, pain]. Pertaining to ophthalmalgia. Ophthalmanthracosis (off-thal - man - thrak -o/-sis) [öpffažplóg, eye; divěpákoolg, anthrax]. Anthrax in- volving the eyelid. Ophthalmatrophy (off-thal-mat/-roºfe) [600ažuág, eye; âtpopia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the eyeball. Ophthalmecchymosis (off-th a Z-me A- i ml -o/-sis) [öð00%plóg, eye; Škyū!!ootç, ecchymosis]. A conjunc- tival effusion of blood. Ophthalmedema (off-thal-me-deſ-mah) [800ažplóg, eye; oiómua, edema]. Conjunctival edema. * Ophthalmencephalon (off-thal men-sef’-al-on) [60- 60%plóg, eye; Śykéjažog, in the skull]. The portion of the eye developed from the neural epiblast. Ophthalmentozoön (off-thal-men-to-zo/-on) [606ažuóg, eye; #vtóg, within; $60w, animal]. An intraocular parasite. Ophthalmia (off-tha/-me-ah) [600ažuóg, eye). An in- flammation of the superficial tissues of the eye, and especially of the conjunctiva. O. angularis. The same as Canthitis. O., Army, purulent conjunctivitis. O. arthritica. A synonym of Glaucoma. O., Asiatic. See 7% achomea. O., Brazilian, a form of xerophthalmia occurring in poorly-mourished children in Brazil ; the cornea first dries and is finally destroyed. O., Catarrhal, a synonym of simple conjunctivitis; a hyperemia of the conjunctiva, with a catarrhal or muco-purulent secretion. O., Croupous, a rare disease, characterized by a severe, usually painless, swelling of the lids, a membranous exudation upon the surface of the conjunctiva, and a scanty sero-purulent discharge. It occurs only in children, but no distinct cause is known. O., Diph- theric, a contagious variety of ophthalmia, character- ized by a rigid and painful swelling of the lids, a scanty sero-purulent or sanious discharge, and an exudation within the layers of the conjunctiva which leads to the death of the invaded tissues, and tends, by spreading to the ocular conjunctiva and by pres- sure, to destroy the cornea. The membrane is of a dull, grayish-red appearance and is intimately connected with the conjunctival tissues. O., Dry, a synonym of Xerophthalmia. O., Egyptian. See Trachoma. O., Electric, an ophthalmia sometimes occurring in workmen exposed to the glare of electric light. O., Follicular, an affection of the conjunctiva, asso- ciated with the presence of small pinkish prominences in the conjunctiva, chiefly located in the retrotarsal folds, and usually arranged in parallel rows. The disease is often due to poor hygienic surroundings and may become epidemic. O., Gonorrheal, an acute and severe form of purulent conjunctivitis, caused by infection from urethral discharges containing the gono- coccus of Neisser. See Aacteria, Synonymatic Zable of O., Granular. See 7 rachoma. O., Hop- pickers’, a form of ophthalmia due to the impac- tion in the cornea of the spinous hairs from the bracts of the hop. O. humida, conjunctivitis with profuse discharge. O., Lacrymal, a form of chronic conjunctivitis depending upon obstruction of the lac- rymal passages. O., Leukorrheal, ophthalmia sup- posed to be due to infection with leukorrheal dis- gº OPHTHALMIATER charges. O., Malignant, an acute form of ophthal- mia, usually fatal from extension of the purulent process to the brain. O., Menstrual, a form associated with suppression of the menses, or with the menopause. O., Migratory. See O., Sympathetic. O., Military. See Trachoma. O. neonatorum, a gonorrheal or purulent ophthalmia of the new-born, the eyes having been infected by the mother's uterine or vaginal dis- charges. O., Neuro-paralytic, ocular disease from lesion of the Gasserian ganglion or of branches of the fifth nerve supplying the eyeball. O., Periodic, an ophthalmia seen in horses and leading to total destruction of vision. O., Phlyctenular, a disease in which phlyctenules or small vesicles are situated in the epithelial layer of the conjunctiva or cornea. O., Plastic, ophthalmia characterized chiefly by the deposition upon the conjunctiva of a false mem- brane; it is also called Pseudo-membramous Ophthal- mia. O., Pseudo-membranous. See O., Plastic. O., Puerperal, a form occurring in the puerperal state. O., Purulent, conjunctivitis with a purulent discharge. O., Pustular. See O., Phlyctenular. O. sicca. The same as Xerophthalmia. O., Spring, Fruehjahrs- or Fruehlings-Catarrh, Phlyc- tena pallida ; a form of conjunctival disease, usu- ally seen in children, characterized by photophobia, stinging pain, considerable mucous secretion, the formation of flat granulations on the conjunctiva, and hypertrophy of this tissue surrounding the lim- bus of the cornea. It is common in the Spring of the year. O., Sympathetic. See Sympathetic. O., Tarsal. See Blepharitis. O. taraxis, a syno- nym of Conjunctivitis. O., Varicose, a form asso- ciated with a varicose condition of the veins of the conjunctiva. Ophthalmiater (off-thal-me-a/-ter) [646ažuág, eye; latpáç, a physician]. An oculist or ophthalmolo- gist. [öpffa?póg, eye; Ophthalmiatric (off-thal-me-at/-rié) Pertaining to the treatment of latpeia, treatment]. eye-diseases. Ophthalmiatrics (off-thal-me-at-riés) [bjôažuóg, eye; tarpeia, treatment]. The treatment of eye-diseases. Ophthalmic (off-ſha/-mik) [600ažuáç, eye). Pertain- ing to the eye, O. Artery. See Arteries, Table of O. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of O. Migraine, migraine due to diseased conditions of the eyes. O. Nerve. See AVerves, Zable of O. Plexus, a plexus of sympathetic nerves around the ophthalmic artery. O. Vein, the vein returning the blood from the eye; it empties into the sphenoidal sinus. Ophthalmin (off-tha/-min) [Öpffa?puðg, eye]. The name given to the hypothetic contagium of purulent oph- thalmia. Twº ophthalmist (off/a/-mist) [906%, eye). In same as Ophthalmologist. Ophthalmite (off-thal/-mit) [800a2uóg, the eye]. biology, the eye-bearing stalk of a crustagean; an ommatophore. Ophthalmitic (off-thal-mit/-īk) [8964%póç, eye; tric, inflammation]. Pertaining to ophthalmitis. Also pertaining to an ophthalmite. Ophthalmitis (off-thal-mi'-tis) [540a2uóg, eye; itic, in- flammation]. Formerly synonymous with ophthalmia, but latterly used as indicating inflammation of some of the deeper tissues of the eye, or restricted to the term Sympathetic Ophthalmia, Q. v. Consult also, Panophthalmitis. . Ophthalmo- (off-tha/-mo-) [öpffažuóg, eye). A pre- fix signifying connection with or relation to the eye. O.-blennorrhea. See Ophthalmia, Gomorrheal. O.-neuritis, a peripheral neuritis of the ophthalmic 931 A. OPHTHALMOMELANOSIS branch of the fiſth nerve. In part synonymous with Aerpes zoster oph/ha/micus. Ophthalmobiotic (off-thal-mo-bi-o/-ić) [6%faž/16¢, eye- ball; Biog, life]. Relating to the physiology and development of the eye. - Ophthalmobrachytes (off-thal-mo-brak/-it-22) [6,6a7- uóg, eye; 3paxitmº, shortness]. Shortness of the ocular axis; also the shortened axis. [Old.] Ophthalmocace (off-thal-mo/-as-e) [Öpffažplóg, eye ; kakóg, evil]. Disease of the eye. Ophthalmocarcinoma (off-tha/-mo-kar-sin-o’-ma/ ) [öpffažpég, eye; kapitivoua, carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the eye. Ophthalmocele (off-ſha/-mo-se/). See Staphyloma and Axophthalmus. Ophthalmocentesis (off-ſha/-mo-sen-te/-sis) [6%faž/16%, eye; kávrmouc, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the eye. Ophthalmocholosis (off-tha/-mo-40/-o/-sis) [606a7/16¢, eye; xóżog, bile]. Ophthalmia due to liver-disease. Old Ophthalmochroites (off-ſha/-mo-Aro-i/-tec) [Öºffazuòg, eye; Apóg, color]. The black coloring-matter of theeye. Ophthalmocopia (off-tha/-mo-Ao’-pe-a/ ) [öpffa?/10c, eye; kóToç, fatigue]. Fatigue of the visual powers. Ophthalmodesmitis (off-ſha/-/no-dez-mi’-tis). Syno- nym of Conjunctivitis. Ophthalmodesmon (off-tha/-/no-dez'-mon) [600ažuóg, eye; jeoplóg, bond]. The conjunctiva. Ophthalmodesmoxerosis (off-tha/-mo-dez-mo-2e-ro'- sis) [Öpffažuóg, eye; jeauóg, bond; Śmpóc, dry]. Xe- rophthalmia, 7. v. - Ophthalmodiastimeter (off-ſ/a/-mo-di-as-time/-et-er) [öpffaāpāg, eye; dadatmpa, interval; piétpov, measure]. An instrument for use in discovering the proper ad- justment of lenses to the axes of the eyes. Ophthalmodynamometer (off-ſha/-/no-di-nam-om’-eſ- er) [bóffažpég, eye; 6üvaluç, power; plátpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for measuring the power of con- vergence of the eyes. Ophthalmodynia (off-thal-mo-din' -e-a/) [ögda/poc, eye; 6óinm, pain]. Any violent pain in the eye not resulting from inflammation. Ophthalmography (off-ſha/-/log/-ra ſe) [990azuòg, eye; Ypápetv, to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the eye. Ophthalmohydrorrhea (off-thal/-/no-hi-dror-e'-ah). Synonym of Ophtha/mydrorrhea. Ophthalmokopia (off-ſha/-/no-Kopſ-e-a/). See Op///a/. mocopia. Ophthalmolith (off-tha/-mo-lith) [Öpflažuóg, eye; Žitoſ, stone]. A calculus of the eye. Ophthalmologic (off-ſha/-mo-loj’-ić) [öpffažuóg, eye; Żóyog, science]. Pertaining to O////a/mology. Ophthalmologist (off-thal-mo/-o-fist) [bºta?plóg, eye; Żóyog, science]. One versed in ophthalmology. Ophthalmology (off-ſha/-mo/-oje) [öpffažuðc, eye; Żóyog, science]. The science of the anatomy and physiology and the diseases of the eye. Ophthalmolyma (off-tha/-/no-li’-ma/) [öpflažuóg, eye; Žíplm, destruction]. Destruction of the eye. Ophthalmomacrosis (off-ſ/a/-mo-maſſ-ro'-sis) [600a2- plóg, eye; uakpóg, large]. Enlargement of the eye. Ophthalmomalacia (off-ſha/-/o-ma/-a/-se-ah) [optla. puég, eye; plažakia, softness]. Abnormal softness of the eye, revealing itself in a diminution of tension. Ophthalmomelanoma (off-tha/-mo-me/-an-o’-mah) [öpffańſuáç, eye; ué%aç, black; 6p1a, tumor]. A melan- otic tumor, usually sarcoma, of the eye. Ophthalmomelanosis (off-f/a/ - mo - wel - an - o’ - sis) [öpffažuðg, eye; ué%aç, black; vögog, disease]. The formation of an ophthalmomelanoma; also the growth itself. OPHTHALMOMETER Ophthalmometer (off://a/-mo/-et-er) [Ö00a2uóg, eye; uéTpov, measure]. I. An instrument for measuring the capacity of the chambers of the eye. 2. An in- & § E == Ill THE OPHTHALMoMETER OF JAVAL AND SCHIöTz. A. The perimeter-bar. B, B. Telescope. . C. Chin-rest. D. Disc centric circles. E. Eye-piece, at which the observer sits. H. M. The mires, or targets. peripheral border of the disc. MIRES EXACTLY APPROXIMATED. strument for measuring refractive errors, especially astigmatism. 3. An instrument for measuring the eye as a whole. Ophthalmometry (off-ſ/a/- wom/-et-re) [800a2uðc, eye; ſuétpov, measure]. The use of the ophthalmom- eter; mensuration of the eyeball, or of the corneal CUlrVeS. • Ophthalmomicroscope (off- ?/a/ - mo - muſ' - Aro - sæðp) [öpſ/a/16, eye; ſuſpoº, small; okotreiv, to view]. An instrument for examining the interior of the eye. Ophthalmomyces (off-ſ/a/-mom/-is-à2)[öpffažuác, eye; ſtík/g, fungus]. Fungous disease of the eye. Ophthalmomyitis (off-ſha/-mo-mi-i/-//s) [bj6a7/16c, eye; ſtic, muscle; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ocular muscles. - Ophthalmomyotomy (off-thal-mo-mi-off/-o-me) [600a2- ſuóc, eye; ſuic, muscle; topuſ), a cutting]. Division of the muscles of the eye. 932 |||||||I|| *'''''''''Wii () ºfsſºlij V . *ES@ - - N iſ e ºff TN.Y.: P. Pointer, indicating the axis by the degree numbers on the MIREs OverLAPPING ONE Diopter. ºš OPHTHALMOPLASTIC Ophthalmoncus (off-tha/-mong/-Aus) [Öpffažuóg, eye; ôykoç, tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the eye. Ophthalmoneuritis (off-ſha/-/no-nu-ri/-tis] [6](lažplóg, eye ; veipov, nerve ; uttg, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the ophthalmic In el V e. Ophthalmoneuromeninx (off-ſha/-/no-nu-ro-mem/- 7m/s). Synonym of A’e- tizza. Ophthalmoneurymen (off- t/a/ - mo - mu - ri/ - men). Synonym of Æetina. Ophthalmonosology (off- tha/ - who - no - go/- o -je) [öpffażluóg, eye; v6ooç, dis- ease ; %yog, science]. The study of the diseases of the eye. Ophthalmoparacentesis (off-ſha/- mo-par-as-en- te/-sis). Synonym of Oph- tha/meocenziesis. Ophthalmoparalysis (off- tha/-/no-par - al/- is - is). Synonym of O////a/mo- A/egia. Ophthalm operipheritis (off-ſ/a/-/no-per-iſ-er-i/- tis) [Öſp6a7/uóg, eye; treptºp- £peta, the periphery; truç, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the tissues around the eyeball. Ophthalmophantoma (off- tha/-mo-ſan-to/-mah)[69- 6a7/16ſ, eye; påvraoſta, phantom J. A model or mask for practising opera- tions on the eye. Ophthalm ophasmatos- copy (off-ſha/-mo-faz- maſ-os/-/o-ſe) [600a2/1óg, eye ; pavtáčelv, to make Ø %% 2.º ºo -fÉ § § N 5 SN S N § Nº of radiating lines and con- Head-rest. L. Lights. M, - to happen ; oroteiv, to y view]. Ophthalmoscopic ºst and spectroscopic exami- §s sº nation of the interior of ºt º an eye. º Ophthalmophlebotomy (off-ſ/a/-moºſe-bot/-o-ºne) [öpffażluóg, eye; p?&lp, a *- v e in ; Tépively, to cut]. "Blood-letting from a conjunctival vein. Ophthalmophore (off-tha/-mo-ſor) [600ažplóg, the eye; (pópoc, bear]. In biology, the eye-stalk or peduncle of a gasteropod ; an ommatophore. - Ophthalmophorium (off-tha/-/no-ſo’-re-mm) [606a7/16, gºz, eye; ſpópoc, bear: pl., Ophthalmophoria]. Same as O////a/mophore. Ophthalmophorous (off-thal-moſ/-or-us) [600a2unç, eye; pópog, bear]. In biology, supporting the eyes. Ophthalmophtharsis (off-ſha/-mo-tars/-is) [600ažuóg, eye; ºffápotº, corruption]. Destructive degeneration of the eye. [Old.] Ophthalmophthisis (off-thal-moff’-this-is). See Phthis- 7s bulbi; also Ophthalmomalacia. Ophthalmophyma (off-thal-moºft/-mah) [bºflažuóg, eye; bipla, growth.J. Swelling of the eyeball. Ophthalmoplastic (off-thal-mo-plas/-tić)[öpffažpóg, eye; Tržágoeuv, to mold]. Pertaining to ophthalmoplasty. º OPHTHALMOPLASTY Ophthalmoplasty (off-thal/-mo-plas-te) [606a7/16;, eye; T2.Édoeuv, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the eye or accessory parts. Ophthalmoplegia (off-thal-mo-ple/je-ah) [646ažuóg, eye; tāmyń, stroke]. Paralysis of the ocular muscles. O. externa, paralysis of the external muscles. O. interna, paralysis of the internal muscles, or com- bined iridoplegia and cycloplegia. O., Nuclear, ophthalmoplegia due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of the motor nerves of the eyeball. O., Partial, a form in which only some of the muscles are para- lyzed. O., Progressive, a form in which all of the muscles of both eyes gradually become paralyzed. O., Total, that form involving the iris and ciliary muscle as well as the external muscles of the eyeball. Ophthalmoplegic (off-thal-mo-ple/-již) [öpffażuóg, eye; TAmyń, stroke]. Pertaining to ophthalmoplegia. Ophthalmoponia (off-thal-mo-po'-ne-ah) [bºta?pióg, eye ; tróvoc, pain]. Pain in the eye. Ophthalmoprosopsis (off-tha/-mo-pros-ops/-īs) [646a7- uóg, eye; trpóoolpig, appearance]. The power of accommodation. - Ophthalmoprostatometer (off-tha/-mo-pros-tat-om/-et- er) [69ffažuóg, eye; Tpotorával, to stand before ; uér- pov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of protrusion of the eyes. Ophthalmoptoma (off-thal-mop-to’-mah) [866ažuóg, eye; trópia, fall]. Exophthalmos; protrusion of the eyeball. - Ophthalmoptosis (off-thal-mop-to/-sis) [6%ffažplóg, eye; Trôoug, fall]. The same as Ophthalmoptoma. Ophthalmopyorrhea (off-thal/-mo-pî-or-e'-ah) [ a2- Hög, eye; Tüov, pus; bota, a flow]. A discharge of pus from the eye. •. Ophthalmopyra (off-tha/-mo-pi/-rah.) [800a2uág, eye; trip, fire]. An epidemic form of ophthalmia. Ophthalmorrhagia (off-thal-mor-a/-je-ah) [866ažuóg, eye; bmyvival, to burst forth]. A hemorrhage from the eye. Ophthalmorrhea (off-thal-mor-e'-ah) [846ažuóg, eye; hota, a flow]. A watery or sanguineous discharge from the eye. Ophthalmorrhexis (off-thal-mor-eks/-īs) [60ffažuóg, eye ; b%šug, rupture], Rupture of the eyeball. Ophthalmos (off’-thal-ºnos) [896ažuóg, eye]. The eye. Ophthalmoscope (off-tha/-mo-sköp) [öpffažuóg, eye ; okotreiv, to see]. An instrument for examining the | º | iſ . | wº %. i. | º i º | | | |||}| º | MORTON'S OPHTHALMoscope, fundus or interior of the eye. It consists essentially of a mirror with a hole in it, through which the ob- 933 OPHTHALMOTONOMETER server looks, the concavity of the eye being illuminated by light reflected from the mirror into the eye and seen by means of the rays reflected from the eye-ground back through the hole in the mirror. The ophthalmo- scope is fitted with lenses of different powers that may be revolved in front of the observing eye, and these neutralize the ametropia of either eye, thus rendering the details of the fundus oculi clear. The autoph- thalmoscope is so constructed that one may observe the details of his own eye-ground. Ophthalmoscopic (off-tha/-mo-shop/-ä) [6%ffažuóg, eye; akoſtelv, to view.J. Pertaining to the ophthalmoscope, or its use. Ophthalmoscopist (off-tha/- mos/-Ao-pist) [800a2uóg, eye; orcoreiv, to view]. One versed in ophthalmos- copy. Ophthalmoscopy (of-thal-mosſ-ko-pe) [bſpbaž/16¢, eye; okotreiv, to observe]. The examination of the interior of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope. O., Direct, the method of the erect or upright image, the observer’s eye and the ophthalmoscope being brought close to the eye of the patient. O., Indirect, the method of the inverted image; the observer's eye is placed about 16 inches from that of the patient and a 2O D. biconvex lens is held about two inches in front of the observed eye, thereby forming an aérial inverted image of the fundus. O., Medical, ophthalmoscopy as an aid to internal medicine in the diagnosis of such diseases as manifest themselves in changes in the fundus of the eye; such diseases are brain-lesions, giving rise to pressure, Bright’s disease, syphilis, and leukemia. O., Metric, ophthalmoscopy for purposes of measuring refraction. Ophthalmospintherism (off-thal-mo-spin/-ther-izm) [öðflažplóg, eye ; GTuv6%p, spark]. A condition of the eye in which luminous sparks are seen. Ophthalmostasis (off-thal-mos/-tas-is) [69ffažuág, eye; otágic, a stopping]. The fixation of the eye in any position during a surgical operation upon it. Ophthalmostat (off-tha/- mo-stat) [600ažuág, eye; oratóg, fixed]. An instrument used in ophthalmos- tasis. See the preferable word, Blepharostat. Ophthalmostatometer (off-ſha/-/no-stat-om/-et-er) [Ö6- 6a7/1óg, eye; ioTával, to cause to stand ; ſuéTpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for determining the position of the eyes. Ophthalmostatometry (off-tha/-mo-s/at-om/-et-re)[öp- flažplóg, eye; a Ta-, root of to Távat, to cause to stand ; plérpov, measure]. The measurement of the position of the eyes. Ophthalmosteresis (off-tha/-mo-ster-e'-sis) [600a2uác, eye; otépmotº, deprival]. Deprival, or absence, of the eyes. Ophthalmosynchysis (off-ſha/-/no-sin'-Ais-is) [600a2- uóg, eye; Giyaſwatc., a mixing together]. Effusion into the interior of the eye. Ophthalmotheca (off-ſha/-mo-the-Kah) [600a2uág, the eye; thrm, a case : //, Ophtha/motheca). In biology, that part of the integument of a pupa which covers the compound eye. Ophthalmotherapeutics (off-f/a/-mo-ther-a/-tº-fi/s) [öpffažuðc, eye; flepatsia, treatment]. Medical treat. ment of diseases of the eye. Ophthalmotherapy (off-//a/-mo-ther/-ap-e) [000a2uſic. eye; flºpateia, treatment]. The treatment of ophthal- mic diseases. Ophthalmotomy (off-tha/-mot’-o-me) [Öpffažuóg, eye; Touff, a cutting]. The dissection, or incision of the eye. Ophthalmotonometer (off-tha/-mo-ton-om/ -ef-er) [60- 6ažuóg, eye; Tôvoc, tone; ſuérpov, measure]. An in- strument for measuring intraocular tension. OPHTHALMOTONOMETRY Ophthalmotonometry (off-thal’-mo-ton-om/-et-re) [60- thažplóſ, eye; Tôvoç, tone ; uétpov, measure]. Meas- urement of the intraocular tension. Ophthalmotrope (off-thal/-mo-trop) [öpffažuóg, eye; TpóToç, a turn]. An instrument intended for the dem- onstration of the direction and the position that the eye takes under the influence of each of its muscles, and the position of the false image in the case of paralysis of a given muscle. Ophthalmotropometer (off-tha/-mo-trop-om/-et-er.) [öpffažplóg, eye; Tpottà, turning; piétpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the movement of the eye- balls. Ophthalmotropometry (off-tha/- mo-tro-pom/-et-re) [öpffażuóg, eye; tooth, turning; pièTpov, measure]. The measurement of the movement of the eyeballs. Ophthalmotyphus (off-tha/-mo-ti”fus)[öpffaWu6q, eye; tipog, stupor]. A virulent and epidemic form of oph- thalmia. Ophthalmoxerosis (off-thal/-/no-ze-ro'-sis). ophthalmia. Ophthalmoxysis (off-tha/-moks-i/-sis) [Öpffažplóg, eye; & Wolg, a scraping]. The treatment by scraping or scarification, sometimes employed in certain affections of the conjunctiva. Ophthalmoxyster (off-thal-moks-is/-ter). Ophthalmoxystrum. Ophthalmoxystrum (off-thal-moſºs-is/-trum) [öpffažuóg, eye ; ;üo Tpa, scraper]. An instrument for scraping or scarifying the conjunctiva. Ophthalmozoa (off-thal-mo-zo/-ah) [606a7/16c, eye; Čájov, animal]. I. Entozoa parasitic upon the eye or its appendages. 2. One of Oken’s five zoölogic divisions. Bphthalmula (off-thal-mu’-lah) [046a7/16ſ, eye; iWn, matter]. A scar of the eye. Ophthalmuria (off-thal-mu’-re-ah) [bóðahuóc, eye; oùpov, urine]. A hypothetic metastasis of urine to the eyes. Ophthalmus (off-tha/-mus). See Ophthalmos. Ophthalmy (off-tha/-me). The same as Ophthalmia. Ophthalmyalus (off-thal-mi/-al-us). Synonym of Vitreous Aſumor. Ophthalmydrorrhea (off-thal-mid-ror-e'-ah) [600a/p66, eye ; ióop, water; boia, flow]. A watery discharge from the eyes. Ophthymen (off-thi/-men) [600ažuóç, eye; i.phy, mem- brane]. The retina. -opia (-o/-pe-ah). See -ops. Opiane (o'-pe-àn). Same as Marcotin. Opianic (o-pe-an/-ik) [ättov, opium]. opium. O. Acid. See Acid. Opianin (o-fe-an/-in) [6triov, opium], CogFIr,N3O4. An alkaloid obtained from opium by precipitation with ammonia, and extracting the precipitate with alcohol. Opianyl (o'-pe-an-il) [ÖTroy, poppy-juice; Wm, matter], 100,. A synonym of A/ecomin. Opiate (o/-pe-àt) [Öttov, poppy-juice]. A preparation of opium. Opiokapnism (o-pe-o-Kap'-mizm) [ättov, opium; Katvác, smoke]. Opium-smoking. Opiologia (o-pe-o/-o/-je-a/) [Öttov, opium; Aéyetv, to gather]. The gathering of opium. Opiology (o-pe-o/-oje) [ättov, opium; %yoc, science]. The pharmacology of opium. Opionin (o-pe-o’-min) [ättov, poppy-juice]. A non- nitrogenous crystalline substance extracted from Smyrna opium. Opiophagia (0-pe-off-a/-je-a/ ). phagism. Opiophagism (o-pe-off’-aſ-ism), Opiophagy (o-pe-off’- aj-e) [6trop, opium; payev, to eat]. Opium-eating. See Xer- The same as Derived from Synonym of Opio- 934 OPISTHOTONOS Opiophile (0/-pe-o-fil) [ättov, opium ; piñeiv, to love]. lover, or eater, of opium; an opium-smoker. - Opisthantrus (o-pis-than'-trus) [6ttaffev, behind ; ăvrpov, a cave; fl., Opisthantril. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the vertical line dropped from the most prominent part of the torus frontalis to the radius fixus is from I to 6 mm. behind the vertical line from the nasion to the radius fixus. Opisthen (o-pis/-them) [öttoffev, behind]. the hind part of the body of an animal. Opisthenar (o-pis/-the-mar) [birtoffévap, from Öttoffev, behind; 6&vap, the palm]. The back of the hand. Cf. 7% eſtarr. Opisthion (o-pisſ-the-on) [birtofflog, hinder]. onzetric Points. Opisthobregmus (o-pis-tho-breg/-mus) [6ttotev, behind; Bpeyuág, the bregma]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and the bregma is be- tween 55.5° and 68°. Opisthocelous (o-pis - tho-se/-lus) [ättoffev, behind ; Koi%og, hollow]. Concave anteriorly and convex pos- teriorly, as the centrum of a vertebra. Opisthocephalon (o-pis - tho-sef’- al-on) [ättoffev, be- hind; Kepažň, the head]. A synonym of Occiput. Opisthochasmus (o-pis-tho-kaz/-mus) [Öttoffev, behind; Aftopia, chasm]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line join- ing the basion and the staphylion is between 13° and 26°. Opisthocranion (o-pîs-tho-Ara/-ne-on) [Öttoffev, behind ; Kpavtov, the skull]. A synonym of the occipital bone. Opisthodont (o-pis/-/o-dong) [67taffev, behind ; booig, tooth]. In biology, possessing back teeth only. Opisthogastric (o-pis-tho-gas/-trić) [Öttoffev, behind ; yagráp, the stomach]. Situated back of the stomach. Opisthoglyphic º: /-ä) [6ttoffev, behind; In biology, See Crazzº- y^{\betw, to curve]. Grooved posteriorly, e. g., certain teeth. Opisthognathism (o-pis-thog/-nāth-izm) [öttoffev, be- hind; yuáffog, jaw]. Recession of the lower jaw. Opisthognathous (op-is-thog/-na-thus) [Öttotev, be- hind; yuáffog, jaw]. In biology, having retracting jaws; the antonym of Progmaſhows. Opisthokyphosis (o-pis-tho-ki-fo/-sis) [6ttotev, back- ward; kigoog, bending]. Curvature of the spinal column, the convexity being forward. Opisthomelophoros (0-pis-tho-mel-off’-or-os) [otiothoc, hinder; plážog, limb; popeiv, to bear]. A monstrosity with limbs projecting from the back. Opisthophalacrosis (o-pis-tho-ſal-ak-roſ-sis) [6ttoffev, behind; pažákpoolç, baldness]. Baldness of the back of the head. Opisthoporia (o-pis-tho-po-ri/-ah) [birtoffev, backward; Topeſa, going]. Involuntary backward walking in an attempt to go forward. Opisthorrhexis (o-pis-thor-eks/-īs) [ättoffev, behind; bjšic, a rupture]. A tearing backward. Opisthosynechia (o-pis-tho-sin-ek’-e-ah). Synonym of Synechia, Posterior. Opisthothenar (o-ſis-thoth’-en-ar). The Erector spinae muscle. See Muscles, 7 able of Opisthotic (op-is-thoſ/-īk) [Staffey, behind; oig, ear]. In biology, applied to parts of the ear-apparatus, pos- terior in position. Opisthotonic (o-ſis-tho-ton/-īk) [6ttoffev, behind ; Tóvoc, tone]. Pertaining to opisthotonos. Opisthotonoid (o-pis-thot/-on-oid) [Öttotev, behind ; tóvoc, tone; elóog, like]. Resembling opisthotonos. Opisthotonos (o-pis - thof/- on - os) [6triotev, behind; róvoc, tone]. A tetanic condition of the muscles, especially of the back, whereby there is an arching º OPISTHURAL backward of the trunk, which thus rests upon the head and heels. This condition is seen in tetanus, strychnin-poisoning, hydrophobia, hysteria, and other tetanic conditions. Opisthural (o-pis/-thu-ral) [6triotev, behind; otpá, the tail]. Of, or pertaining to, the opisthure. Opisthure (0-pis/-thºr) [Ötzoffev, behind; oipá, tail]; In biology, the posterior termination of the caudal axis of certain fishes or their embryos. Opium (o/-pe um) [Örtov, poppy-juice]. The inspis- sated juice of the unripe capsules of the Papaver som- miferum, or poppy, obtained by incising the capsules and collecting the milky juice which is exuded. Most of the opium in the American market comes from Smyrna, Asia Minor. Opium is a very complex sub- stance and contains, besides morphin and codein, a large number of less important alkaloids—narcein, narcotin, thebain, laudanin, papaverin, porphyroxin, cryptopin, meconin, opianin, paramorphin, and me- conic, thebolactic, and sulphuric acids, in addition to a variety of extractives. Good opium should yield at least 9 per cent. of morphin. The dominant phys- iologic action of opium is the relief of pain. It also causes slowing of the respiration and pulse, contraction of the pupils, diaphoresis, constipation ; more rarely nausea and vomiting, headache, itching of the skin, erythema ; occasionally instead of sleep, wakefulness, delirium, even convulsions. In toxic doses it produces sleep followed by deep coma, with very slow respirations, and pin-point pupils; death is due to paralysis of the centers of respiration. Thera- peutically, opium is a most useful drug; it induces sleep, allays excitement, relieves pain and irritation, checks vomiting and diarrhea, and is sudorific. Small doses stimulate; large doses depress. O., Acetum, vinegar of opium, “ black drop,” prepared with nut- meg, sugar, and dilute acetic acid. Opium-strength Io per cent. Dose my—xx O., Confectio. (B. P.) Dose gr. v-xx. O. denarcotisatum, powdered opium freed from substances soluble in ether; 14 per cent. of morphin and a varying per cent. of narcotin. Dose gr. ss—iij. O., Emplastrum, extract of opium 6, Bur- gundy pitch, 18, lead-plaster 76 parts. O., Enema B. P.), contains 3 ss of the tincture of opium and ij of starch-mucilage. O. et Glycyrrhizae, Troch., each contains gr. ºn of opium. Dose j—iv. O. et Ipecacuanhae, Pulv., Dover's powder, contains ipe- cac Io, opium IO, sugar of milk 8o parts. Dose gr. v–xv. O. et Ipecacuanhae, Tinct., contains deodor- ized tincture of opium IOO parts evaporated to 85, fl. ext, ipecac Io, dilute alcohol q. s. ad IOO. Dose muv- xv. O., Ext., an aqueous extract containing glycerin. Dose gr. 4.—j. O., Liniment (B. P.), contains tinct. opii and soap-liniment. O., Ext., Liq. (B. P.) Dose muiv-xx. O., Liq., Comp., compound solution of opium, unof., strength IO per cent. Dose muv-xx. O., Pil., each contains I gr. opium with 4 gr. soap. Dose j—iij. O., Pulv., powdered opium ; should contain I2–16 per cent. of morphin. Dose gr. ss—iij. O., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.) Dose gr, ij—v. • 3 Tinct., Ammon. (B. P.) Dose 3 ss-j. O., Tinct., Camph. (Tinct. camphor, comp., B. P.), camphor- ated (incture of opium, paregoric, contains opium, benzoic acid, camphor, oil of anise áà 4, glycerin 40, dil. alcohol ad IOOO parts. Dose, for an infant, gtt. v-xx; for an adult, 3.j—iv. O., Tinct., Comp., Squibb's diarrhea-mixture, contains laudanum, spt. of camphor, and tinct. capsicum, aā 3.j, pure chloroform 3 iij, stronger alcohol q. S. ad 3 v. Dose gtt. x–3.j. O., Tinct., Deodorata, McMunn's elixir, an aqueous extract shaken with ether, the residue being dissolved in water and alcohol. Opium-strength Io per cent. OPPOSITIPINNATE Dose my—xx. O., Tinct., laudanum, contains, Io per cent of opium. Dose muv-xx. O., Trochis. (B. P.) Each contains gr. ſº of opium. Dose j-iv. Ö., Vinum, wine of opium, Sydenham's laudanum, a vinous tincture, with cinnamon and cloves ; opium- strength Io per cent. Dose muv-xx. O.-eater, one addicted to the use of opium as a stimulant. O.-eat- ing, the habitual use of opium as a stimulant and narcotic. O.-habit. See Morphiomania. O.-lini- ment, an anodyne liniment made of soap-liniment and laudanum. O.-plaster, the Emplastrum opit of the U. S. Pharmacopeia. O -smoking, the inhal- ation of the fumes of burning opium for the pur- pose of experiencing the exhilarating effects so pro- duced. Opiumism (o/-ſe-um-izm) [örtov, poppy-juice]. symptoms of chronic opium-poisoning. Opobalsamum (op-o-bawl-sam/-um) [öTóc, juice; 3á%- gapov, balsam]. Balsam of Mecca, produced by the tree Amyris gileadensis. Opocalpason, Opocalpasum (op-o-ka/-pas-on, oft-o- Aa/-pas-um) [öTóg, juice ; káWTagog, a plant-name]. A variety of gum-arabic. Opocephalus (op-o-sef’-al-us) [Öip, Öſtóſ, the eye; Keſh- ažň, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters, of the species otocephalus, in which there is synopsia, with the characteristics of otocephalus, but with the absence of both mouth and proboscis. Opodel.doc (op-o-de/-dok) [origin obscure]. ment. See Sapo. Opodidymus (op-o-did /-im-us) [Öip, eye; 6tóvuoc, twinj. A monosomic dual monstrosity with the heads united behind, but with two faces; the eyes vary in number, Opodymus (o-pod/-im-us) [Öip, eye; 6tóvuoc, twin). A term for a monstrosity with a single body and skull, but with two distinct faces. Opopanax (0-pop/-an-aks) [67óg, juice; Távaš, an all- healing plant]. I. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 2. The gum-resin afforded by O. chironium, a plant of the Mediterranean region; it is used like asafetida, but is inferior to it. Dose, IO-30 gr. Unof. Opotomocatheter (o-pot-o-mok-ath/-et-er) [67th, open- ing ; rouñ, a cutting; Kaffethp, catheter]. An elastic catheter with a stylet. Oppilation (op-il-a/-shun) [oppilatio, closure]. Closure; constipation. Oppilative (op/-ij-a-tiv) [oppilatis, closure]. I. Ob- struction; closing the pores; causing constipation. 2. A constipating agent or remedy. Opponens (op-o'-menz) [ob, against; pomere, to place]. Opposing; a descriptive term applied to certain mus- cles that bring the thumb and fingers in juxtaposition. Opposite (op/-o-zit) [opposities, placed against]. I. Opposed to. 2. As a moun, the similar part in the remaining half of the body; platytrope; lateral homo- logue; ſellow of the remaining side ; and in general, whether referring to the names of parts or to terms of position and direction, the opposite is either member of a symmetrically placed pair, as the right hand is the opposite of the left, the term ventral of dorsal, lateral of mesal, afferent of efferent, etc. O. Stand- ing, in massage, leaning forward and resting the elbows or forearm on some object at about the level of the nipple. Oppositifolius (op-of-it-if-o'-le-us) [oppositus, opposite; folium, leaf). In biology, situated opposite a leaf. Oppositipetalous (oft-og-it-ip-et/-a/-us) [ oppositus, op- posite; trèTažov, a leaf). In biology, placed opposite a petal. Oppositipinnate (op-oz-it-ip-in/-ät) [oppositus, opposite; pinna, a feather]. In biology, applied to a pinnate leaf in which the folioles are opposite to each other. The Soap-lini- OPPOSITISEPALOUS Oppositisepalous (op-og-it-is-ep/-al-us) [oppositus, opposite; sepalum, a sepal]. In biology, placed oppo- site a sepal. Oppression (op-res/h/-um) [oppressio, opprimere, to bear against]. Any sensation of pressure or weight upon any part, especially the chest. Oprescu and Babes, Bacillus of. Synonymatic Table of -ops, -opsia, -optic (-ops, -ogs/-e-ah, -op/-tié) [Öip, eyel. Variant forms of a suffix denoting connection with or relation to the eye. Opsialgia (op-se-a/-je-ah) [Öip, face; 3Wyog, pain]. Neuralgia of the face. Opsigonous (op-sig’-on-us) [bipé, late; yíyveoffat, to be born J. Developing late. Opsiodont (op/-se-o-dont) [Ölpic, eye; 6000c, tooth]. An eye-tooth. tº Opsioneter (op-se-om/-et-er) [5-poig, sight; uérpov, measure]. The same as Optometer. Opsionosis (op-se-on/-o-sis) [Ölpig, sight; véoog, disease]. A disease of the eye, or of vision. Opsitocia (op-sit-o’-ke-ah) [bipé, late; Tôkoç, birth]. Abnormally long pregnancy. Opsomania (op-so-ma/-ne-ah) [Öipov, dainty food; uavía, mania]. Insane desire for dainty food, or for some special food. Opsomaniac (oft-so-ma/-me-a/) [öipov, dainty food; pavía, mania]. One affected with opsomania. Opsophagia (oft-so-ſa/-je-a/a) [5thov, dainty food ; ©ayeiv, to eat]. Morbid daintiness in respect of food. Optactin (op-tak/-din) [bſtróg, visible; dictic, ray]. The visual axis. Optasioscopy (op-az-e-osſ-ko-pe) [birtaota, a vision', alcoteiv, to view]. The testing of retinal perception without the action of light, but by pressure or electric- ity, subjective sensations of light being produced. Optic, Optical (op/-tić, op/-tić-al) [birtikóc, from birāv, to see]. Pertaining to vision or its organ, or to the science of optics. O. Angle. See Angles, Zable of O. Atrophy, atrophy of the optic nerve. See Atrophy. O. Axis, the axis of the eye. O. Center, the point in the main axis of the crystalline lens at which the rays of light meet. Also applied to the nervous center concerned in the visual function. O. Chiasm. See Commissure, Optic. O. Commissure. See Com- missure. O. Cup, the concave area formed by the involution of the distal extremity of the primary optic vesicle. O. Disc. See Disc. O. Foramen. See Foramina, Zable of O. Groove, the groove on the sphenoid bone for the optic chiasm. See Groove. O. Lobes, the corpora quadrigemina. O. Nerve. See AVerves. O. Neuritis. See Papillitis. O. Papilla. See Disc, Offic. O. Radiations, the term given by Gratiolet to the large fasciculus of nerve-fibers join- ing the corona radiata of the optic thalamus and the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. O. Section. See Section. O. Stalk, a soft process on the head of mol- luscs supporting an eye; an ommatophore. O. Thal- amus. See 7%a/a/arts. O. Tract. See 7% acf. O. Vesicle, in embryology, a diverticulum from each side of the primary anterior vesicle, which forms the basis of the future eye. Optically (op/-/i/ -a/-e) [Öſtrikóg, from birãv, to see]. In accordance with the science of optics; by optic means. O. Active, a qualification applied to many carbon compounds, liquid and solid, capable of rotating the plane of polarized light. Optician (op-fish/-an) [Öttukóg, from Ötöv, to see]. A maker of optic instruments. Opticist (op/-is-ist) [birtticóg, from brăv, to see]. skilled in optics. Opticociliary (o/-/ić-o-sil/-e-a-re) [bſtrucóg, from 6täv, One 936 See Bacteria, ORANGEADE to see ; cilium, hair]. Pertaining to the optic and ciliary nerves. Opticocinerea (op-tić-o-sin-e'-re-a/ ) [öTrakóg, from 6Tāv, to see; cinereus, resembling ashes]. The gray matter of the optic lobes. . Opticon (op/-äk-on) [Öttukóg, seeing]. In biology, gan- glionic swelling in optic nerve of insects. (Hi, Ason.) Opticopupillary (op-tik-o-pu'-pil-a-re) [6trikóg, from Öſtav, to see ; pupilla, pupil]. Relating to the pupil and the optic nerve. . Optics (op/-tiks) [birtikóg, from ētāv, to see]. That branch of physics treating of the laws of light, its re- fraction and reflection, and of its relation to vision. See Dioptrics. Optimism (op/-tim-izm) [optimus, best]. Delusional exaltation; delirium of grandeur; amenomania. Optimum (op/-tim-um) [optimus, best]. In biology, that temperature at which vital processes are carried on with the greatest activity. Midway between the minimum, or lowest endurable, and maximum, or high- est endurable, temperatures. Optocele (op/-to-sel). See Paraqueduct. Optoeidometer (oft-to-i-dom/-et-er) [67trikóc, seeing; eiðog, like; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for testing the acuity of vision and the refraction of the eye. Optogram (op/-to-gram) [öTTóg, visible; ypápetv, to write]. A faint image stamped on the retina for a brief period after death, believed to be that of the last object seen before death. Optograph (op/-to-graf). See Optogram. Optomeninx (op-to-mem/-inks). Synonym of Retina. Optometer (op-ºom/-et-er) [6tróg, visible; uérpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for facilitating the measurement of the refraction of the eye. Optometry (op-tom/-et-re) [birtóg, visible; uétpov, meas- ure]. Measurement of the visual powers. Optoscope (op/-to-sköp) [birtóg, seen; akotéiv, to in- spect]. An instrument for testing unilateral amblyopia. Optostriate (oft-to-stri/-ät) [Örróg, visible; striatum, striped]. Pertaining to the optic thalami and the corpora striata. O. Body, a thalamus and a striatum considered as forming a unit. Optotype (off’-to-tip) [öttöc, visible; TôTog, type]. test-type used in testing the acuity of vision. Opuntia (o-pun/-te-ah) [opuntius, relating to Opus, a town of Greece]. Prickly pear; a genus of cactace- ous plants represented by numerous species, many of which, as O. reticzalaza and O. Zeena, have slight me- dicinal properties, the former being anthelmintic, pur- gative, and locally sedative; the latter has been used for palpitation of the heart. Unof. Ora (o/-ra/.) [I.]. Margin. O. serrata, the serrated endings of the zonule of Zinn, or ligament of the lens, and the retina. Orad (o'-rad) [os, oris, mouth]. Toward the mouth, or the oral region. Oral (o'-ral) [os, oris, the mouth]. In biology, situated on the same side as the mouth ; actinal ; opposed to aboral, abortinal, anal. O. Catarrh. Synonym of Stomatitis catarrhaſis. O. Whiff. See Whiff. Orange (or/-anj). See Aurantium and Pigments, Con- spectus of O. Colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of O.-grass, a small North American plant, Aſpericum sarothra ; pineweed ; a popular remedy for colds and A catarrhs. Unof. O. Minium. Same as /l/?????ſm. O. Ocher. Same as Ocher. O.-peas: I. The seeds of the orange dried and used for issue-peas. 2. Small unripe dried oranges, used in the flavoring of liqueurs, O. Sarcina. See Sarcina. O.-skin, a yellowish tinge of the skin observed in newly-born infants. Orangeade (or-an/-äd') [ME, orenge, orange]. A drink made of orange-juice and sweetened water, ORARIANS Orarians (or-ar/-e-anz) [orarius, of, or belonging to, the coast]. In ethnology, a collective term proposed by Dall for the Aleuts and people of Innuit stock, as indicative of their coastwise distribution and as desig- nating a well-defined race. Orbicular (or-bik/-u-lar) [orbiculus, dim. of orbis, cir- cle]. Having a circular shape. A term applied to the circular muscles of the eyelids and the mouth. O. Bone. See Bones, Table of. Orbicularis (or-bik-u-la/-ris). See Muscles, Table of. Orbiculate (or-bik/-u-lat). Same as Orbicular. Orbit (or/-bit) [orbita, from orbis, circle]. The bony pyramidal cavity in which the eyeball is suspended. Seven bones enter into its formation, its somewhat indeterminate sides being called the roof, the floor, the inner and outer walls. Pº. # THE ORBITS. I. Anterior orifice of nasal fossae. 2. Anterior extremity of inferior turbinated bone. 3. Malar bone. 4. Orbital cavity. 5. Lacrymal fossa, at base of which may be seen the line of union of the ascending process of the superior maxilla with the os unguis. 6, OS planum, forming with this bone the internal wall of the orbit. 7. Optic foramen. 8. Sphenoid fissure. 9. Spheno-maxillary fissure, continuous posteriorly with the preceding. Io. Upper portion of the great wing of the sphenoid. II. Squamous portion of temporal. 12. Antero-inferior angle of parietal. 13. Part of frontal which contributes to form the temporal fossa. I4. Mastoid process. 15. Styloid process. Orbita (or/-bit-ah), [orbis, a circle, orbit; pl., Orbitaj. The same as Orbit. Orbital (or/-bit-a!) [orbita, from orbis, circle]. I. Pertaining to the orbit. 2. The orbital portion of the orbicularis palpebrarum. O. Arch, the upper margin of the orbit. O. Breadth, in craniometry, the dis- tance between the middle points of the inner borders of the orbits. O. Fascia, the capsule of Tenon. O. Fissure. See Fissures, Table of. O. Fossa, the cavity of the orbit. O. Height, in cran- iometry, the greatest vertical width of the exter- nal opening of the orbit. O. Index. See Index. O. Plane. See Plane. O. Plate: 1. That part of the frontal bone helping to form the roof of the orbit. 2. That part of the ethmoid bone helping to form the inner wall of the orbit. O. Point, the lowest point on the inferior margin of the orbit. O. Process : I. The orbital portion of the malarbone. 2. The orbital portion of the palate bone. O. Ridge, the free edge of the nasal process of the superior maxilla. O. Surface, that portion of the superior maxilla that helps to form the floor of the orbit. O. Vault, the roof of the orbit. Orbito- (or/-bit-o-) [orbita, orbit]. A prefix denoting relation to the orbit. O.-basilar, both orbital and basilar. O.-b. Angle, the angle formed between 937 #––4 Orcheitis (or-ke-i/-tis). --7 Orchella (or-ke/-ah). -*e Orchellin (or-ke/-īn) [after Oricellari, a chemist]. A ORCHIDOCATABASIS the line continuing the axis of the orbit and one tangent to the lower border of the inferior maxilla. O.-malar, pertaining to both the orbit and the malar bone. O.-m. Index, in craniometry, the ratio exist- ing between the bizygomatic diameter of the face, and the superior facial diameter, the latter being taken as IOO. O.-nasal, pertaining to both orbit and nose. O.-occipital, pertaining to both orbit and occipital bone. O.-O. Angle, in craniometry, the angle formed between the optic axis and the plane of the foramen magnum. O.-ocular, pertaining to both orbit and eye. O.-palpebral, pertaining both to the orbit and the eyelids. O.-sphenoid: I. Pertaining both to the orbit and to the sphenoid bone. 2. The lesser wing of the sphenoid bone; in some animals, and in early human life, it is a separate bone. Orbitocele (or/-bit-o-sel) [orbita, orbit; kážm, tumor]. I. A tumor of the orbit. 2. The same as Exoph- thalmos. Orceic Acid (or/-se-ić). Synonym of Orcein. Orcein (or/-se-in) [Orcus, Pluto, from its dark color], C, H, NO3. A dark-red substance derived from orcin. Synonym of Orchitis. See Orch 7/. purple dye found in Roccella tinctoria. Orchemphraxis (or-kem-fraćs/-īs). Same as Orchid. emphraxis. Orcheocele (or/-ke-o-se/). See Orchioceſe. Orcheodesmosarcoma (or/-ke-o-dex/-mo-sar-Āo/-mah) [öpxea, scrotum ; , jêquoç, bond; oaps, flesh; oua, tumor]. Scrotal elephantiasis. Orcheoplasty (or/-ke-o-plas-te). See Orchioplasty. Orcheotomy (or-ke-of/-o-me). See Orchotomy. Orchestromania (or-kes-fro-ma’-ne-ah) [6pxeioflat, to dance; plavia, madness]. Dancing mania; chorea, or St. Vitus’ dance. Orchi-; less correctly Orchid- (or/-ke-, or/-kid.) [äpric, testicle]. A prefix signifying connection with, or re- lation to, the testicles. Orchialgia (or-ke-a/-je-ah) [äpric, testis ; āāyog, pain). Neuralgic pain in the testicle. Orchic (or’-kić) [öpxic, testicle]. testicle. Orchichorea (or-kić-or-e'-ah) [Öpric, testicle; ropeia, dance]. Irregular movements of the testicle due to contraction of the cremaster muscle. Orchid (or/-Aid) [äpxic, testicle]. Any orchidaceous plant; a plant of the orchis family or order. Orchids are of many species and genera, and are mostly tropi- cal. Salep and vanilla are produced by plants of this order. Faham, cypripedium, and a few others are em- ployed in medicine. Orchidalgia (or-Kid-a/-je-ah). Synonym of Orchia/gia. Orchidatonia (or - Kid - at - o'- me - ah) [öprig, testicle; ătovía, atony]. Atony of the testicle; laxness of the testicle. Orchidatrophia (or-Kid-at-roºfe-ah) [Öpric, testicle; âTpoºia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the testicle. - Orchidauxe (or-Kid-awks’-e) [äpytc, testicle; aism, growth.J. Hypertrophy of the testicle. Orchidectomy (or-Aid-ex/-to-me) [öpxtſ, testis ; &RTouff, excision]. Surgical removal of a testis; castration. Orchidemphraxis (or-&id-em-fraćs/-īs) [äprig, testicle; šuºpašić, stoppage]. Obstruction of the vessels of the testis, Orchidion (or-kid"-e-on) [dim, of Öoxic, testicle]. A small testicle. Orchiditis (or-kid-i/-tis). Synonym of Orchitis. Orchidocatabasis (or-kid-o-Kat-ab’-as-is) [Ópatc, testi. cle ; Karáðagic, a going down]. Descent of the tes- ticle into the scrotum. Pertaining to the ORCHIDOCELE Orchidocele (or-kid7-0-sel). Synonym of Orchiocele. Orchidodynia (or-kid-o-din'-e-ah). Synonym of Or- chiodynia. Orchido-meningitis (or-kid"-o-men-in-ji’-tis) [6pxic, testicle ; uſivtyś, membrane; trug, inflammation]. Bla- sius' term for the ordinary form of hydrocele. Orchidomyeloma (or-kid'-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [5pxic, testi- cle; plvežág, marrow ; Śpia, tumor ; pl., Orchidomyelo- mata]. Myeloid sarcoma of the testicle. Orchidoncus (or-kid-ong/-äus) [0pxug, testicle; bykog, tumor]. A tumor or tumefaction of the testicle. Orchidopexia (or-kid-o-peks/-e-ah). See Orchidopexy. Orchidopexy (or/-Aid-o-peks-e) [Öpxtſ, testis; Tºuc, a hardening]. I. Hardening of the substance of the tes- ticle. 2. Same as Orchidorraphy. Orchidorrhaphy (or-Aid-or/-a-ſe) [Öpzig, testicle; páðm, suture]. Stitching of the testicle to the surrounding tissues. Orchidoscheocele (or-Aid-os/-ke-o-sel) [Öpxic, testicle; ôoxm, scrotum ; ká%m, tumor]. A scrotal hernia with enlargement of the testicle. Orchidospongioma (or-Aid'-o-spun-je-o’-mah) [6p24g, testicle; otoyyuá, sponge; 6p1a, tumor]. A tubercu- lous tumor of the testicle. Orchidotomy (or-kid-o/-o-me) [6pxic, testicle; topiń, a cutting]. Incision of the testicle. Orchidotyloma (or-Aid/-o-ti-lo'-mah) [8pxic, testicle; túžog, callus; jua, tumor]. A callous nodule of the testicle. g Orchiectomy (or-ke-ek’-to-me). ectomy. Orchiepididymitis (or/-ke-ep-id-id-im-i/-tis) [5pxic, tes- ticle; Étudućvuíg, epididymis; uttg, inflammation]. Inflammation of both testis and epididymis. Orchil (or/-kil). See Archil. O.-purple. ments, Conspectus of Orchilla (or-Ai/-ah). See Archi!. Orchiocele (or/-ke-o-sel) [6pxtſ, testis; ºn, tumor]. I. A tumor of the testicle. 2. Scrotal hernia. 3. A name loosely applied to several different diseases of the testicles and their envelops. Orchiococcus (or-ke-o-kok/-us). See Diplococcus of Orchitis under Bacteria, Synonymatic 7 able of Orchiodynia (or-Ae-o-dim/-e-ah) [6pxic, testis; 66inm, pain]. Pain in the testicles. Orchiomyeloma (or/-ke-o-mi-el-o'-mah). Orchidomyeloma. Orchioncus (or-ke-ong/-kus). O%2C2/S. Orchioneuralgia (or-ke-o-nu-ra/-je-ah). Orchia/gia. Orchioplasty (or/-ke-o-plas-te) [6pxic, the testicle ; T26ogetv, to form]. The surgical repair following the loss of any part of the scrotum from disease, by Sup- plying flaps of healthy tissue from an adjacent part. Orchioscheocele (or - Ae - os/-Ae -o- sel). Synonym of Orchidoscheocele. Orchioscirrhus (or-ke-os-Air/-us) [6pxic, testis ; okubbóg, induration]. A hard carcinomatous tumor of the testicle. Orchiotomy (or-ke-o/-o-me). Synonym of Orchidotomy. Orchirrhaphy (or-Air/-a/-e). Synonym of Orchidor- rhaphy. - Orchis (or/-Ais) [äpric, testis]. I. The typical genus of the family of orchidaceous plants. 2. The testicle. See Orchid. Orchitis (or-Ai/-tis) [äpxic, testis; trac, inflammation]. Inflammation of the testicle. Orchitomy (or-kit/-o-me). Synonym of Orchotomy. Orchocele (or/-ko-se/). Synonym of Orchioceſe. Orchos (or/-kos) [äproc, tarsus]. The tarsal cartilage. Orchotomy (or-kot/-o-me) [Öpxic, testis ; Touń, a cut- Synonym of Orchid- See Pig- Synonym of Synonym of Orchid. Synonym of 938 ORGAN ting]. I. Castration, 2. [äpxog, tarsus ; Topli, a cut- ting]. Removal of the tarsal cartilages. Orcin (or’-sin) [Orcus, Pluto, from its dark color], C.Hs(OH)2. Orcinol, a substance found in many lichens of the genera A'occella and Leconora. It crys. tallizes in colorless, six-sided prisms, containing one molecule of water; it is readily soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and has a sweet taste. It melts at 56°C., and boils at 290° C. It yields azo-coloring substances with diazo-compounds. See Pigments, Con- spectus of Orcinol (or/-sin-o/). See Orcin. Ord’s Theory. A theory of the origin of gout. It is that there is a tendency, inherited or acquired, to a special form of tissue-degeneration. - Ordeal Bark (or/-de-a! baré) [ME., ordal, a judgment]. See Casca. O. Bean, O. Nut. See Physostigma. O.-tree. See Cerbera (of Madagascar). Also, the Arythroph/arum guinense. Order (or’-der) [ordo, a rule]. Systematic arrangement. In biology, the taxonomic group below a Class and above a Family. Ordinary (or/-din-a-re) [ordinarius, regular]. regular. O. Ray. See Ray. Ordinate (or/-din-āt) [ordinare, to order, ordain]. In biology, placed in regular rows or series. Ordure (or/-dār) [ME., ordure, filth]. Dung; excre- ment; feces. Orectic (or-e/-tik) [äpešić, appetite]. appetite. . Oregon Grape. See Berberis. Orellin (o-re/-īn) [orellina]. A yellow coloring-mat- ter found in Annatto. See Pigments, Conspectus of Orexegen (o-re/s/-eſ-in). See Orexin. Orexin (o-reks/-īn) [äpešac, appetite], Cl, H1,N.HCl.- 2H,O. Hydrochlorate of phenyl-di-hydro-quinazolin; a chinolin-preparation, of some repute as a stomachic. It is useful in anorexia not dependent upon gastric dis- ease proper. Dose gr, ii-V in wafer or pill. Unof. Orexis (o-reks/-īs) [äpešac, appetite]. Appetite. Organ (or/-gan) [äpyavov, organ]. In biology, any part of the body having a determinate function; a complex of similar or dissimilar cells or tissues that perform in common one or more vital functions O., Accessory, an organ that has a subordinate importance in the carrying on of a particular function, but which under certain conditions may act as a substitute for an im- portant organ. O.-albumin, the albumin that consti- tutes a part of the solid tissues. O. of Bojanus, the renal organ of molluscs, found in the majority of lamel- libranchs. O. of Corti. See Corti. O., Cup-shaped, one of the organs of taste in Vermes, widely scattered over them in the integument, but especially numerous at the edge of the mouth. O's., Digestive, the digestive tract and its glands. O. of Eimer, a tactile organ in the nose of the mole, consist- ing of a group of termi- nal nerve - fibrils. O., - Enamel, a club-shaped process of epithelium º growing from the dental ORGAN of º NOSE OF ridge and forming a Sap n. Nerve, e."ºthelium. Gold over the dental papilla. chlorid. (Sºling.) From it the enamel of - the tooth is developed. O. of Gegenbauer, one of certain ciliated organs in the Pteropoda proved by Usual ; Stimulating gº º2 3. ; § § \ #: º § º § § § / & #Ç § !.º º§ GH º ORGANA Spengel to have an olfactory function. O. of Giraldés, the paradidymis. O., Goblet-shaped, one of the large rod-shaped end-organs of nerves, observed in the skin of the teleostei and sturgeons. O., Jacob- son's, a short cul-de-sac extending along Stensen's duct, lined by epithelium continuous with that of the nasal mucous membrane. It is well developed in some lower animals, in which it is believed to have an olfac- tory function. O's., Lateral : (a) Segmentally ar- ranged, retractile sensory organs occurring among Vermes only in the Chatopoda. They carry sensory hairs connected on the one hand with transverse muscle- fibrillae and on the other with a plexus of ganglion-cells joined by a special nerve to the ventral cord; their function is unknown. (b) A series of nerve end-organs in the “mucous canals’’ in the head and lateral line of fishes and amphibians. O's., Mayer's, a series of slit-like depressions on the side of the tongue of cer- tain mammals, first discovered by C. Mayer in the African elephant; afterward found in the Uakari monkeys (Pithekia satanis); 15 slits in front of the palato-glossal fold. O’s., Pelvic, those organs sit- uated in the pelvis. O's. of Reproduction, the tes- ticles and penis and its glands in the male, the uterus and its appendages and the vagina and its glands, in the female. O's., Respiratory, the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, and glands connected with these different parts. O. of Rosenmüller. See Parovarium. O., Segmental, a mesoblastic embry- onic structure consisting of three parts—the pro- nephros, the mesonephros, or Wolffian body, and the metanephros. O's. of Semper, glandular structures found in gasteropods, well developed at the sides of the mouth in Zimax. According to Sochaczewer, they are not olfactory in function. O's. of Special Sense, those parts of the body endowed with highly specialized functions and through which perceptive impressions are received : the eye, ear, skin, mucosa of the mouth and nose are the principal. O. of Syrski, the male organ of the eel discovered by Syrski in 1873. Organa (or/-gam-ah) [L.J. Plural of Organum. O. pal- pantia, tactile organs. O. urticantia, the nemato- phores or nematillae of Calenterates. Organic (or-gan/-i}) [öpyavov, an instrument]. Hav- ing, pertaining to, or characterized by, organs; per- taining to the animal and vegetable worlds; exhibiting animal or vegetable characteristics. O. Cell, the structural element which is regarded as the basis of the structure of all organized bodies. O. Chemistry, the chemistry of the carbon compounds. O. Constituents. See Constituent. O. Disease, dis- ease of an organ attended with structural changes. O. Molecules, Doctrine of, Buffon's hypothesis that life is the indefeasible property of certain indestructi- ble molecules of matter, which exist in all living things, and have inherent activities by which they are distinguished from non-living matter. Each individual living organism is formed by their temporary combina- tion; they stand to it in the relation of the particles of water to a cascade, or a whirlpool; or to a mold into which the water is poured. The form of the organism is thus determined by the reaction between external conditions and the inherent activities of the organic molecules of which it is composed; and as the stoppage of a whirlpool destroys nothing but a form and leaves the molecules of the water with all their inherent activities intact, so what we call the death and putrefaction of an animal, or of a plant, are merely the breaking up of a form, or manner of as- Sociation, of its constituent molecules, which are then set free as infusorial animalcules. It will be perceived 939 ORGANOPATHISM that this doctrine is by no means identical with Abio. genesis, with which it is often confounded (Huxley). O. Reflexes, those pertaining to the acts of mictu- rition, erection, ejaculation, defecation, digestion, respiration, etc. Organicism (or-gan/-is-izm) [öpyavov, organ]. The doctrine that all diseases are caused by material lesions of one or more organs. Organisata (or-gan-is-a/-ta/) [neut.; pl. of Organisatus, organized]. In biology, any or all organisms. Organism (or/-gan-izºn) [äpyavov, organj. A living being, animal or vegetable, simple or composed of many organs; also the assemblage of organs constitut- ing a living being. O., Micro-, a minute or micro- Scopic body or organism ; a schizomycete; a bacte- TIUIII]. Organite (or/-gam-it) [äpyavov, organ]. An elementary Organ. Organization (or-gazz-iz-a/-sheeze) [ópyavov, organ]. I. The orderly arrangement of organs or parts; also an organism. 2. The conversion of something into, or its replacement by, living tissue—as the organization of a thrombus. Organo-chemistry (or/-gan-o-kem/-is-tre). gamic Chemistry. Organogen (or-gan/-o-jen) [öpyavov, an organ; yewvāv, to beget]. A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Organogenesis (or-gazz-o-jen’-es-is) [Öpyavov, organ ; yevvāv, to beget]. The process of the development and growth of an organ. The same as Organogeny. Organogenetic (or-gan-o-jen-et/-ić) [öpyavov, organ; yevvāv, to beget]. Pertaining to organogenesis. Organogeny (or-gan-oj/-en-e) [äpyavov, organ ; Yevåg, producing]. In biology, the history of the develop- ment of organs. Organographism (or-gam - og/- raf- izm) [äpyavov, an organ; Ypágetv, to write]. The demonstration of the successive increase in size of an organ, by tracing its outlines upon the skin. Organography (or-gazz - og/- ra -ſe) [äpyavov, organ; Ypáðetv, to write]. A descriptive treatise of the organs of an animal or plant. Organoid (or’-gam - oia') [äpyavov, an organ ; eldog, like]. A term applied to tumors composed of several tissues and resembling an organ, as carcinoma, which somewhat resembles an epithelial gland. Organoleptic (organ-o-lep/-tié) [äpyavov, organ; Amſt- Tukóc, taking]. I. Making an impression upon some organ, chiefly of special sense. 2. Plastic ; capable of receiving organization. Organologic (organ-o-o/-ić) [öpyavov, organ; 26)'oc, science]. Pertaining to organology. Organologist (or-gam-o/-o jist) [äpyavov, organ; 26) oc, science]. One versed in organology. Organology (organ-o/-o-je) [Öpyavov, an organ ; 26 yog, science]. The department of biology that treats of the organs of plants and animals. - Organon (or’-gam-on) [äpyavov, an organ ; instrument]. A code of principles. Organonomy (or-gan-on/-o-me) [äpyavov, organ ; vöuoc, law]. The totality of the natural laws of the conduct , and functions of organic life. Organonym (or-gan/-o - mim) [öpyavov, an organ; övvua, name]. The name of an organ or part. Organonymy (or-gan - on/-in-e) [Öpyavov, organ : övvua, name]. A system of nomenclature of the Organs. Organopathic (or-gan-o-faſh’-ić) [öpyavov, an organ ; Täflog, disease]. Pertaining to Organopathism and to Organopathy. Organopathism (organ-op/-ath-igm) [öpyavov, an or- See Or- Of{GANOPATHOLOGISM gan ; Táflog, disease]. The doctrine of special study and investigation of the pathology of each and every organ by itself. Organopathologism (organ-o-path-o/-o jigm) [Öpyay- ov, organ; Tá6oc, disease ; 26 yog, science]. The same as Organopathy. Organopathology (organ-o-path-ol’-o-je) [Öpyavov, or- gan; Tāffog, disease ; A6).og, science]. The science of the diseases of organs. Organopathy (organ-op/-ath-e) [Öpyavov, organ; tróffoc, disease]. I. The disease of an organ. 2. A term used by Sharp to express the local action of drugs. 3. The same as Organopathism. - Organophyly (organ-off’-il-e) [äpyavov, an organ; piºn, a tribe]. In biology, the phylogeny of organs. Organoplastic (or-gan-o-plas/-tić) [öpyavov, an organ; Tºdooeuv, to form, to mold]. . . In biology, applied to cells or tissues from which organs are developed. Organoplasty (or/-gan – o – Alas - ze) [äpyavov, organ; TAégoeuv, to form, to mold]. In biology, the origin or development of plant and animal organs. Organopoiesis (or-gan-o-poi-e'-sis) [Öpyavov, an organ; Totmatc., formation]. The same as Organoplasty. Organopoietic (organ-o-poi-et/-ić) [äpyavov, organ ; Totmotſ, formation]. Relating to organopoiesis. Organoscope (or/-gan-o-sköp) [Öpyavov, an organ; okoTeiv, to view]. The same as Ændoscope. Organoscopy (organ-osſ-ko-pe) [Öpyavov, an organ; okoTeiv, to view.J. Cranioscopy or "phrenology. Organotherapy (organ-o-ther'-ap-e) [6pyavov, organ; 6epatéta, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by the administration of animal organs, or extracts prepared from them. Although organotherapy has existed in Some form since the most ancient times, the method as now practised, is of recent origin. Brown-Séquard, in 1889, suggested the employment of testicular juice in the treatment of the mental and physical deterio- ration incident to old age. Experiments which he had made upon himself had, he reported, yielded the most brilliant results. Physicians in different parts of France subsequently tested the properties of Brown- Séquard’s extract and found its dynamogenic action beneficial in diseases attended with debility, especially in senile changes, in pulmonary tuberculosis, leprosy, locomotor ataxy, general paralysis and anemia. Paul, in 1892, under the name of nervous transfusion, advo- cated the hypodermatic use of an extract of sheeps' brain in conditions of neurasthenia. The method of preparation of the various extracts as employed in France is that suggested by d’Arsonval. The organ is removed with all possible antiseptic precautions, and is cut into small pieces of about one c.c. The segments are covered with pure glycerin and allowed to macerate for twenty-four hours. Before filtering, two or three parts of distilled water are added. Sterilization is ac- complished by means of carbonic acid gas under pres- sure. The first step toward a rational application of the method of organotherapy was the subcutaneous trans- plantation of pieces of thyroid gland in cases of myx- edema and cachexia strumipriva by Horsley and Kocher, and later the employment of extract of sheeps' thyroid in myxedema, the credit of which belongs to G. R. Murray, of Newcastle, England. Since Murray's announcement, in 1891, the method has been extensively tested in England and elsewhere; many cases of myxedema have been reported as improved, and not a few cured. Gratifying results have also been achieved in sporadic cretinism, and in psoriasis and other chronic affections of the skin. Various preparations of the thyroid gland have been employed, e. g., glycerin extracts, dry extracts in powder, and finally the uncooked or partially cooked 940 ORIENTATION gland has been used. In the particular case of myx- edema neither the kind of preparation nor the mode of administration seems to be of much importance. The results have been practically the same whether a liquid extract was given by hypodermatic injection, or whether a dry extract was administered by the mouth. The fresh gland, slightly fried and seasoned, has also been used, and at present is preferred by many. The success attending thyroid-therapy in myxedema has led to the employment of many other organic extracts in diseases of corresponding organs. Extracts have been prepared from nearly every organ in the animal body; thus there are on the market cere- Örön, from the brain, medullin or myelin, from the cord, cardin, from the heart, musculin, from muscles, ossin, from bones, remin, from the kidneys, gastrin, from the stomach, pancreatin, from pancreas, ovarin, from the ovary, and testin, from the testis. Brain- extract has been reported as beneficial in various organic and functional diseases of the nervous system, such as locomotor ataxy, bulbar palsy, general paraly- sis of the insane; also in epilepsy, neurasthenia, mi- graine, hysteria, hebephrenia, and other conditions. Heart-extract is recommended for cases of nervous prostration. It is said to raise the blood-pressure, augment the quantity of urine, and increase the num- ber of red blood-corpuscles. In diseases of the mus- cular system, muscle-extract is also reported as of value. Extract of pancreas, containing the active ferments of the gland has been administered with doubtful success, in certain cases of diabetes mellitus, which disease, as is well known, is sometimes depen- dent upon morbid changes in the pancreas. Of all the extracts, that from the thyroid gland is still the one most successfully employed. Its use is not confined to the two diseases mentioned, myxedema and cretinism ; it has also proved useful in diseases of the skin, in leukemia, and affections of the nervous system, both organic and functional. In exophthalmic goiter the results have not been encouraging; the symptoms, were as a rule, not ameliorated, in some cases they were even intensified. - Organotrophic (or-gan-o-tro/ºftA) [äpyavov, organ; Tpopff, nourishment]. Relating or belonging to the nourishment of organized tissue. Organule (or/-gam-zi/). The same as Orgamite. Organum (or/-gam-um) [L.]. See Organ. Orgasm (or/-gasm) [öpyáelv, to swell]. desire or excitement. See Astrzemz. Orgastic (or-gas/-tić) [öpyáelv, to swell]. to, or characterized by, orgasm. Orgeat (or-gza//) [Fr. orge, Lat. hordeum, barley]. Pavy’s recipe for a demulcent and nutritive drink: Blanch two ounces of sweet almonds and four of bitter almond-seeds; pound them into a paste with a little orange-flower water; rub this up with a pint of milk, diluted with a pint of water, until it forms an emul- Sion; strain and sweeten with sugar. Orgosis (or-go/-sis). Synonym of Orgasm. Oriental (o-re-em/-tal) [oriens, rising]. Pertaining to the Orient or east. O. Boil. See Furuzzczulus ori- entalis. O. Plague. Synonym of the Plague, g. v. O. Sore, an endemic ulcer probably due to a specific microörganism, prevalent in the Orient. See Fur- ztnculus orientalis. Orientation (0-ri-en-ta/-shun)[oriri, to rise (in the east)]. In biology: (a) The determination of the east point, and hence of the other points; the direction of a locality. The localization of oneself; the ascription of ob- jects to the place in space where they actually belong. either with respect to each other (objective orienta- Any eager The crisis of venereal passion. Pertaining ORIFACIAL tion) or with reference to the observer (subjective orientation). False orientation is observed in some cases of monocular squinting paralysis, etc. () The homing instinct of animals. (c) The arrangement of tissues in the imbedding-mixture before sectioning. Orifacial (or-if-a/-shal) [os, oris, mouth ; facies, face]. Pertaining to the mouth and face. O. Angle, in craniometry, the angle formed by the junction of the plane passing through the masticating surface of the superior maxilla with the facial line. Orifice (or/-iſ-is) [orificium ; os, oris, mouth ; ſacere to make]. A mouth or opening. O., Abdominal, the internal abdominal ring. O., Anal, the anus. O., Cardiac. The same as Cardia. O., Esophageal, the perforation in the diaphragm for the esophagus. O., Pyloric. The same as Pylorus. O., Tympanic, the oval opening of the atrium into which the tym- panic membrane is inserted. Orificial (or-iſ-ish/-al) [orificium, an orifice]. Per- taining to an orifice of the body. O. Surgery, the surgery of the orifices of the body. - Orificium (or-iſ-ish/-e-um) [L.]. Orifice. O. epi- ploicum, a synonym of Foramen of JWinslow. O. infundibuli, a synonym of Helicotrema. Oriform (or/-iform) [os, oris, mouth ; forma, form]. Having the shape of a mouth. Origanum (o-rig/-an-um) [öpiyavov, marjoram]. Wild marjoram. The leaves and stems of O. vulgare, with properties due mainly to a volatile oil. It is a tonic, stimulant, and carminative, and formerly was pop- ularly used as an emmenagogue. Dose 3.j-ijin infu- sion. The oil is esteemed as an ingredient in limiments, especially in veterinary practice. Most of the com— mercial oil of origanum is in reality oil, of thyme (Oleum thymi). The oil is also used in histology as a clearing-fluid for stained specimens. Origin (or/-ij-in) [origo, originis, beginning]. The beginning or source of a muscle; its more fixed at- tachment, or that nearest the axis of the body. O., Apparent. See Superficial. O., Deep, or Ental, of a nerve, its origin in the cells of the nerve-center. O., Superficial, or Ectal, of a nerve, the point at which it emerges from the brain or cord. Orinasal (0-rin-a/-zal) [os, oris, mouth; masus, nose]. Pertaining to the mouth and nose. Orist (o’-rist) [os, oris, mouth]. A specialist in oristry. Oristry (o'-ris-tre) [os, oris, mouth]. A term proposed to designate the treatment, surgical, dental, or medi- cal, of diseases of the mouth. Orleans (or-leng/). Same as Annatto. Ormsby's Inhaler. See Anesthetic. Ornis (or/-nis) [Öpvuç, a bird]. In biology, the avi- fauna of any region. Ornithic (or-mith/-ié) [Öpublkóg, of, or belonging to, birds]. Avian ; of, or pertaining to, birds. Ornithin (or/-mith-in) [Öpvic, a bird], C.A.N.O. A base found in ornithuric acid. Ornithobiography (or-mith-0-bi-og/-ra-ſe) [äpvic, bird; 3íoc, life; ypáðetv, to write]. The life-history of birds. Ornithocephalous (or-mith-o-sef’-al-us) [Öpviç, a bird; kepañff, head]. In biology, shaped like a bird’s head. Ornithocoprus (or-nith-0-kop/-rus) [äpviç, bird; kóT- poc, dung]. Guano. . Ornithography (or-mith-og/-ra-ſe) [Öpvuç, bird; Ypá- pelv, to write]. A description of birds. Ornithoid (or/-mith-oid) [äpvig, a bird; eiðoç, form]. In biology, bird-like. Ornithologist (or-mith-o/-o-fist) [Öpulc, bird; 26)0ç, science]. One versed in ornithology. Ornithology (or-mith-o/-o je) [Öpvic, bird; Aóyoc, a 941 ORRFIOSIS science]. The science of the nature and habits of birds. Ornithomyzous (or-mith-o-mi/-zus) [6pvac, bird; Azúšew, to suck]. Parasitic on birds. Ornithophilous (or-mith-off’-i/-us) [äpug, a bird ; pi/og, loving]. In biology, fertilized through the agency of birds. Ornithotomist (or-mith-o/-0-mist) [opvig, a bird; Touta, a cut]. One versed in the anatomy of birds. Ornithotomy (or-mith-of/-o-me) [äpvuç, a bird; Téplvety, to cut]. In biology, the dissection of birds. Ornithuric (or-mith-u/-rić)[öpvac, a bird ; oipov, urine]. Pertaining to the urine of birds. O. Acid, C19H20 No- O. An acid found in the dung of birds fed with benzoic acid. Ornus (or/-mus) [L.]. See Fraximus. Oroanal (o-ro-a/-na/) [os, oris, mouth; anus, anus]. Extending from the mouth to the anus. Orobechos (o-ro-bek/-os) [opogog, a species of pulse; #xog, sound]. The crackling sound sometimes pro- duced by pressure on the inner canthus of the eye. Orography (o-rog/-ra-ſe) [Öpoc, mountain ; Ypáſpelv, to write]. I. A treatise on the distribution and phy- sical geography of mountain-ranges. 2. The same as Orology. Orohydrography (or-o-hi-drog/-ra-ſe) [Öpoç, mountain ; iðap, water; Ypáſpelv, to write]. A treatise on the mutual relation of divides and drainage-basins. Orolingual (o-ro-lin/-gwal) [os, oris, the mouth; lin- gua, the tongue]. Pertaining to the mouth and the tongue. Oronasal (o-ro-ma/-za/). See Orinasa/. Oronosus (o-ron/-o-sus) [Öpoc, mountain; v6oog, dis- ease]. A disease prevalent in mountain regions. See Mountain Sicăzzess. Oropharyngeal (o-ro-far-in/-je-a/) [os, oris, mouth; pápvyš, pharynx]. Pertaining to, or situated in, the orpharynx. Oropharynx (o-ro-far/-inks) [os, oris, mouth ; pāov; 5, pharynx]. The pharynx proper, situated below the level of the lower border of the soft palate, as dis- tinguished from the naso-pharynx. - Oros (or/-os) [opog, a mountain]. of the foot. 2. A mountain. Orotherapy (or-o-ther/-ap-e) [bpóg, whey ; tepareia, treatment]. See Orrhotherapy. Oroya Fever (o-roi/-yah) [S. Amer.]. stage of Verrugas, 7. v. Orpiment (or/-pim-ent) [auri pigmentum, golden pig- ment]. A common name for arsenious sulphid, As, SA, also known as Āing’s Yeſ/ow. It is poisonous. See Pigments, Conspectus of Orrhagogus (or-agº-o-gus) [obbóg, serum; lead]. Synonym of Aydragogue. Orrhochezia (or-o-Ke/-ze-ah) [obbóg, serum ; 2% ſelv, to relieve oneself]. Serous diarrhea. Orrhocyst (or’-o-sist) [ophóg, serum; Río Tig, cyst]. A serous cyst. Orrhoid (or/-oid). Synonym of Serous. Orrhophallus (or-o-ſa/-us) [oppoc, the end of the sac- rum; paž%óg, the penis]. A monstrosity with a penis protruding from the sacral region. Orrhoposia (or-of-o/-3e-ah) [ophēg, whey ; Tôouc, drink- ing]. Whey-drinking. Orrhorrhagia (or-or-a/-je-a/). 7-hea. Orrhorrhea (or-or-e'-a') [ophôc, serum ; bota, a flow]. An abnormally great flow of serum. Also, a watery discharge; rice-water discharges. Orrhos (or/-ros) [bbbóg, serum.]. Serum; whey. Orrhosis (or-o/-sis) [obbóg, serum]. The production of Serul IIl. I. The upper part The febrile âyetv, to Synonym of Orrho)-. ORRHOSOLEN Orrhosolen (or-o-so'-len) [bbbóg, serum; gožňv, a chan- nel]. I. A lymph-duct. 2. Sheath of a tendon. Orrhosolenitis (or-o-so-len-i/-tis). See Lymphangitis. Orrhymen (or-i/-men) [bbbóg, serum; infiv, mem- brane]. A serous membrane. Orrhymenitis (or-i-men-i/-tis) [öppóg, serum; infiv, membrane; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a Serous surface. Orrhymenoid (or-i/-men-oid) [bbbóg, serum ; iſſuńv, a membrane; eiðoç, like]. Resembling a serous mem- brane. - Orrhymenous (or-i/-men-us) [bbbóç, serum; ipºv, a membrane]. Having a serous membrane. Orris (or/-is) [origin obscure]. orris-root. O.-pea. See Zssue-pea. O.-root, the rhizome of Iris florentina, containing a volatile oil and various extractive principles. It is aromatic and astringent, and is much used for flavoring and as a dentifrice. Unof. - Orrhotherapy (or-o-ther/-ap-e) [bbb6g, serum; 6spareſa, therapy]. I. Whey-cure. 2. The treatment of dis- ease by the use of human or animal blood-serum con- taining antitoxins. Orseillin (or-sa/-lin) [Fr., orseille, archil]. A coal-tar color used in dyeing; it is the sodium-sulphonate salt of beta-naphthol-azo-naphthalene. It yields a fast and full red, but is not bright red. It is also called roce//in, rubidin, razºracienne. See Pigments, Conspectus of Orsellinic Acid (or-sel-in/-ić). See Acid. Orthacanthous (orth -ak-an/-thus) [6p66, straight; ākavda, a thorn]. In biology, having straight thorns. Ortharthragra (orth - arth - ra/-grah) [600óg, true, straight; ip6pov, joint; typa, seizure], True gout. Orthaxial (orth-a/s/-e-a/) [öpflág, straight; axis, axis]. In biology, having a straight vertebral axis. Orthiauchenus (orth-e-awk’-en-us) [Öpfflog, upright; abºv, neck]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the basion and the inion is between 38° and 9° Orthin (orth/-īn) [bp06c, straight]. A substance pre- pared by combining hydrazin with paroxybenzoic acid. Its hydrochlorate has been found actively antipyretic; an overdose causes collapse and profuse sweating. Dose gr. v, twice daily, given with great caution. Unof. See also Hydrazin. Orthiochordus (orth-e-o-Kord/-us) [600log, upright; yopóff, cord]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and the basion is between 33.2° and 52°. - Orthiocoryphus (orth-e-o-Kor/-if-us) [Öpfftoc, upright; Kopvpſ, head]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the bregma and the lambda is between 29° and 41°. Orthiodontus (orth-e-o-don’-tus) [äpfflog, upright; 660iig, a tooth]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the alveolar and subnasal points is between 88° and 121°. Orthiometopus (orth-e-o-met-o/-pus) [6pfflog, upright; ſuéroTov, forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the bregma and the nasal point is between 47° and 60°. Orthiopisthius (orth-e-o-pis/-the-us) [Öpfftoc, upright; oſ-roffey, behind]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the lambda and the inion is between 84° and 95°. Orthiopisthocranius (orth-e-o-pis-tho-Ara/-me-us) [6p- (hog, upright; 67ttoffev, behind ; Kpavíov, skull]. Lis- sauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed be- 942 The plant yielding ORTHODONTOSY tween the radius fixus and the line joining the lambda and the opisthion is between Io'7° and 119°. Orthioprosopus (orth-e-o-pros-o'-pus) [Öpfflog, upright; Tpóootov, face]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the nasion and the alveolar point is be- tween 89.4° and Ioo". Orthiopylus (orth-e-op/-i/-us) [Öpfflog, upright; Túžm, gate]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the middle point of the anterior margin of the fora- men magnum and the middle point of the posterior margin of the foramen magnum is between 15.5° and 24°. Orthiorrhinus (orth-e-or-i/-mus) [ćpôtog, upright; big, nose]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the nasion and the subnasal point is between 87.5° and 98°. - . Orthiuraniscus (orth-e-u-ram-is/-kus) [Öpfliog, upright; oùpavíokoç, canopy]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and a line joining the posterior border of the incisor fora- men and the alveolar point is between 40° and 60°. Ortho- (or/-tho-) [öpflóg, right, straight]. A prefix de- noting right, straight, normal, or true. In chemistry the prefix indicates the normal compound ; among derivatives of the benzol ring it refers to those formed by the substitution of two adjacent hydrogen atoms. Orthocelic (or-tho-se/-lić) [öpflág, straight; kothia, belly]. In biology, applied to birds that have the eight intestinal folds close to and parallel with each other (Tubinares, Steganopodes and Ærodii), as distin- guished from the Cyclocelic (Pelangi, A’apºores and Zaridae.) Orthocelous (or-tho-se/-lus) [bp06c, straight; kothia, cavity]. Having the intestinal canal straight. Orthocephalic ( or - tho-sef-a/-ä) [bpflóg, straight; kepahá, head]. Pertaining to orthocephaly. Orthocephalism (or-tho-sef/-a/-īzm). Synonym of Orthocephaly. Orthocephalous (or-tho-sef/-al-us) [Öpffóg, straight; kepaññ, head]. Having a straight head or face. Orthocephaly (or-tho-sef’-a/-e) [bp6óg, straight; kep- a2%, head]. The condition of having a skull with a vertical index of from 70. I° to 75°. Orthochorea (or-tho-/*o-re/-a/ ) [bp06g, straight; yopeta, dance]. Choreic movements in the erect posture. Orthochromatic (or-ſho-Aro-mat/-ä) [öp669, straight; Apôua, color]. A term used in photography to de- note correctness in the rendering of colors. Orthocolon (or-tho-Ao’-lon ) [öp66, straight; kóżov, limb]. Straightness of a limb from tonic muscular Spasm. - Ortho-cresol (or-tho-Are"-sol) [Öpflóg, straight; Kpéac, flesh; oleum, oil], C, HsO. One of the forms of cre- Sol, Q. v. It occurs in small amounts in urine. Orthocyllosis (or-tho-sil-o/-sis) [Öpffóg, straight; ki%- Woolg, crippling]. Ankylosis of a limb in the straight position. - Orthodactylous (or:tho-da/-äl-us) [pºc, straight; Öákrv?og, a finger]. In biology, having straight digits. Orthodolichocephalous (or - tho-do - lik - o-sef’- al- us) [öp0óg, straight; 60%tzóg, long; Kepažff, head]. Hav- ing a long and straight head ; having a vertical index between 70.1° and 75°, and a transverso-vertical index between 70° and 74.9° Orthodontia (or-tho-don’-she-ah) [ bpflóg, straight; ôôoic, tooth]. The correction of irregularities of the teeth. Orthodontosy (or - tho-don/- to-se) [Öpflóg, straight; ORTHOGAMY 6600g, a tooth]. That division of dentistry concerned in the straightening of irregular teeth. Orthogamy (or-d/og/-am-e) [bp669, straight; yöuoç, marriage]. In biology, direct fertilization without any mediate agency. Orthognampsia (or-thog-namp/-se-ah) [äp66c, straight; yvápºttetv, to bend]. A bending of the body at the hips. Orthognathic (or-thog-na/-thik). Same as Orthogna- thous. Orthognathism (or-thog/-na-thizm) [öpflág, straight; yváffog, jaw]. The quality of being orthognathous, or of having jaws with little or no forward projection. Orthognathous (or-thog/-na-thus) [Öpffóg, straight; yváffog, the jaw]. In biology, straight-jawed; a facial profile having a gnathic angle of from 83° to 90°; also called Mesognathozas. See Andex. Orthognathy (or-thog/-na-the). See Orthognathism. Orthogonial (or-tho-go/-ne-a!) [Öpflóg, straight; yovía, an angle]. Right-angled. O. Cancelli, those can- celli in bone-tissue in which there are two sets of bony structure applied at right angles to each other. Orthomesocephalous (or-tho-mez-0-sef’-al-us) [Öpffóg, straight; uéoog, middle; Kepa?%, the head]. In cra- niometry, a term applied to a skull with a transverso- vertical index between 75. I* and 79.9°, and a ver- tical index between 70.1° and 75°. Orthometer (or-thom/-et-er) [ćpffóg, straight; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the relative degree of protrusion of the eyes. Orthomorphia (or-tho-mor/ºfe-ah)[öpffög,straight; uopºff, form]. The correction of abnormalism of shape or form by surgical procedure. Orthomorphic (or-tho-mor/ºftā). Orthomorphosis (or-tho-morºſo/-sis). morphia. Orthomorphotic (or-tho-morºſof/-ié) [Öpflóg, straight; ſtopº, form]. Pertaining to orthomorphosis. Orthopedia (or-tho-pe/-de-ah) [bp6óg, straight; Taic, child]. The surgical and mechanical correction of the deformities of children, and of deformities in general; orthomorphia. Orthopedic (or-tho-pe/-dik) [bp6óg, straight; Taic, child]. Pertaining to orthopedia; intended to correct deformities, congenital or acquired. O. Surgery, the branch of Surgery devoted to orthopedia. Orthopedics (or-tho-pe/-diks). See Orthopedic Surgery. Orthopedist (or-tho-pe/-dist) [Öpffóc, straight; traig, child]. - One who practises orthopedic surgery. Orthopedy (or'-tho-pe-de). See Orthopedia. Orthophonia (or-tho-ſo'-ne-ah) [Öpflóg, straight; pová, voice]. Having a normal voice. Orthophony (or-thoſ”-o-ne) [äp66c, straight; voice]. the voice. Orthophoria (or-tho-ſo’-re-ah) [Öpffóc, straight; popóc, a tending]. A tending of the visual lines in paral- lelism. Orthophosphoric Acid (or-tho-ſos.ſor/-ić). See Acid. Orthophrenia (or-tho-fre/-ne-ah) [Öpflóg, straight; ºphy, mind.]. Sanity; the correction or cure of insanity. Orthophrenic (or-tho-fren/-ié) [80666, straight; ºphy, the mind.]. Pertaining to Orthophrenia. Same as Ortho- r" * $ová, The treatment and correction of defects of Orthophrenismus (or-tho-fren-igZ-mus). Same as Orthophrenia. Orthophreny (or'-tho-fren-e). Synonym of Ortho- phrenia. Orthophthalmic (or-thoff-tha/-miã) [bp66, straight; ðyflažuóg, the eye). Relating to the correction of Strabismus. Orthopnea (or-thop-me/-ah) [äp666, straight; Trvotá, breathing]. A condition marked by quick and labored breathing, in which the patient finds relief 943 Same as Orthopedic. ORTHOTROPHY only by maintaining an upright position. O. card- iaca. Synonym of Angina Żectoris. O. clangosa. Synonym of Whooping-cough. O. cynanchica. Synonym of Croup. O. tussiculosa. Synonym of Whooping-cough. - Orthopneic (or-thop-me/-ić) [öp6óg, straight; Twolff, breathing]. Characterized by Orthopnea. Orthopnic (or-thop/-niž) [bptóg, straight; Tveiv, to breathe]. One affected with orthopnea. Orthopraxis, Orthopraxy (or-tho-pražs/-is, or’-tho- praks-e)[öpffög, straight; Tpāśtc, doing]. The correc- tion of deformities of the body. Orthopterous (or-thop’-ter-us) [Öpffóg, straight; Trepôv, wing]. In biology, straight-winged; having wings that lie straight when folded, e.g., grasshoppers. Orthoptic (or-thop/-tić)[öptóg, correct; birtiròg, seeing]. Pertaining to normal binocular vision. O. Training, a method of correcting the monocular or defective vision of those having strabismus or muscular insuf- ficiency, by stereoscopic and other ocular exercises of a gymnastic kind. See Dyerism. Orthopygium (or-tho-pij/-e-um) [öpflág, straight ; Tvyń, the rump). Synonym of Coccyx. Orthoscope (or'-tho-sköp) [öpffég, straight; aroſſeiv, to see]. I. An instrument for examination of the eye through a layer of water, whereby the curvature, and hence the refraction of the cornea is neutralized and the cornea acts as a plane medium. 2. An instrument for use in drawing the projections of skulls. Orthoscopic (or-tho-séop/-ić) [óp6óg, straight; okotreiv, to see]. I. Pertaining to an orthoscope or to ortho- scopy. 2. Applied to lenses cut from the periphery of a large lens in such a manner as to act as if decen- tered. 3. Having normal vision. O. Ocular. See Oczzlar. Orthoscopy (or-thos/-Åo-pe) [Öpflóc, straight; akotreiv, to See]. The examination of the eye by the ortho- Scope; also, the microscopic examination of objects in such a way that they appear as flat bodies without relief; the absence of spheric aberration in the appear- ance of an object seen through a lens or microscope. Orthosiphon (or-tho-sº-ſon) [6ptóg, straight; afoov, a tube]. A genus of oeimoideaceous plants. O. stamineus, Java tea; a labiate plant of the E. Indies. Its aqueous extract, an infusion of the plant, and a syrup have been employed. It is a safe and efficient remedy in diseases of the bladder. Unof. Orthosis (or-£ho’-sis) [Öpfloarc, a making straight]. The process of straightening a distorted part. Orthospermous (or-ſho-sper/-mus) [Öpflóc, straight; GTéppia, seed]. In biology, having straight seeds. Orthostichy (or/-tho-stić-e) [6pflóg, straight; attroc, a row or line]. In biology, a vertical rank, as leaves On a Stem. Orthostomatous (or-tho-sto/-mat-us) [6p66c, straight; otóſia, a mouth]. In biology, having a straight mouth. Orthosyne (or-thos/-in-e) [bpfloofym]. Erectility. Orthotast (or'-tho-fast) [bpñóg, straight; Tácastv, to ar- rangel. An apparatus for straightening curvatures of long bones. It has also been used as a tourniquet. Orthoter (or-thof/-er). Synonym of Orthopedise. Orthoterion, Orthoterium (or-tho-te/-re-on, or-tho-ſe/- re-tem) [Öpflóc, straight]. An apparatus for straight- ening curved limbs. Orthotonos, Orthotonus (or-ſhot/-o-nos, or-ſhot/-o-mus) [öpflüc, straight; Tóvoc, tension]. Tetanic cramp in which the body lies rigid and straight. Orthotropal (or-ſhot/-ro-pal). Same as Orthotropows. Orthotrophy (or-thotº-roºf.) [öpflóg, straight; Tpopff, nourishment]. Correct or normal nourishment; the normal process of nutrition. ORTHOTROPIC Orthotropic (or-tho-trop/-ić) [óptóg, straight; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, pertaining to, or exhibiting ortho- tropism. Orthotropism (or-thot'-ro-pizm) [Öpffóg, straight; Tpé- Teuv, to turn]. In biology, vertical, upward, or down- ward growth. Orthotropous (or-ſhot/-ro-pus) [Öpflóg, straight; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, applied to straight, symmetric seeds in which the chalaza is at the base and the micropyle at the apex. Orthysteroptoma (or-this - Zer-op/- ſo - mah) [Öp66, straight; botépa, womb ; TTöua, fall]. Prolapse of the uterus without inversion. Orticaria (or-tić-a/-re-ah). Same as Urticaria. Oryctographic (or-ik-to-graf’-ik) [ÖpvkTóg, dug out; ypápetv, to write]. Pertaining to oryctography. Oryctography (or-ić-tog/-ra-ſe) [ÖpvKTóg, dug out; Ypápetv, to write]. A description of minerals or of fossils. Oryctologic (or-ić-to-loſ' iA)[öpvictóg, dug out; %yoç, science]. Pertaining to oryctology. Oryctologist (or-ié-to/-o-fist) [opvictóg, dug out; Wóyog, science]. One versed in oryctology. Oryctology (or-ić-doſ' oºje) [Öpvictóg, dug out; %yoç, science]. The science of the nature and character of minerals and fossils. Oryctozoölogic (or-ić-to-go-o-o/-ić) [öpvKróg, fossil; Ǻjov, an animal]. Same as Paleontologic. Oryctozoölogy (or-ić-to-zo-o/-o-je) [opvktóg, fossil; Çójov, an animal; Wöyog, Science]. The same as Aaleon/ology. Oryza (o-ri/-zah) [Öpvſa, rice]. The common rice-plant, O. sativa, belonging to the grass family. Its seed con- sists mainly of starch, and is one of the most nutritious of the various grains. Also, in pathology, the fecal discharges of cholera, which closely resemble rice- Water. Os [L. : gen., Oris; pl., Oral. The mouth. O. exter- num, the external opening or entrance to the womb. O. internum, the internal orifice of the womb. O. tincae (“fench's mouth *), the os uteri, or mouth of the uterus. O. uteri. Same as O. inter???em. Os [L. : gen., Ossis ; pl., Ossa]. A bone. See Bone. O. innominatum. See Bones, Table of O. magnum. See Bones, Table of Osanore, or Ozanore, Teeth (oz/-an-or) [os, bone]. A name given by Mr. William Rogers to artificial teeth constructed from the ivory of the tooth of the hippopotamus, and, as he says, submitted to the action of some peculiar chemic agent, by which the pores of the ivory become filled with a siliceous substance. Osazone (o'-zah-20m) [ose, systematic termination for members of the starch and sugar-group; az, a syllable indicative of nitrogen ; one, the systematic termination of certain derivatives of the sugar-group]. A com- pound formed when solutions of sugars are warmed for some time with a solution of phenylhydrazin (C.H. NHNH,) and dilute acetic acid. They sepa- rate either in the amorphous or crystalline state. An intermediate product called a hydrazone is first formed. Each sugar forms a special Osazone, lactose, for ex- ample, forming phenyl-lactosazone. Oschea (os/-/e-ah). Synonym of Scrotum, . . . Oscheal (os/-ke-a!) [60xeov, scrotum]. Pertaining to the scrotum. Oscheitis (os-AEe-i/-täs) [Öoxeov, scrotum ; tric, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the scrotum. Oschelephantiasis (osk-el-e-fan-tº-as-is.) [boxeon, scrotum ; #2 epavttagic, elephantiasis]. Elephantiasis of the scrotum. Oschematedema, mah, os-AEem-e-deſ-mah) (os-AEem-at-e-de/ - scrotum ; alua, Oschemedema [ö02.Éov, 944 Oscheoplasty OSITE blood; oiómua, edema]. Effusion of blood into the Scrotum ; hematoma of the scrotum. Oscheocarcinoma (os-AEe-o-kar-sin-o’-mah) [Öoxeov, scrotum ; Kapkivoua, carcinoma : pl. , Oscheocarcino- mata]. Carcinoma of the scrotum. Oscheocele (os/-ke-o-sel) [Öoyeov, scrotum; ſºm, hernia]. Scrotal hernia. Oscheochalasis (os-Åe-o-ka/-a/-sis) [Öoxeov, scrotum; Žá%aolg, loosening]. Hypertrophy of the connective tissue of the scrotum ; also, pendulous scrotum. Oscheohydrocele (os-AEe-o-hi/-dro-sel) [Öoreov, scrotum ; iðap, water; Icíº), tumor]. A hydrocele occupying an old hermial sac in the scrotum, after the cure of the hernia. - Oscheolith (os/-ke-o-lith) [Öoreov, scrotum ; Wibog, stone]. Scrotal calculus. . Oscheon (os/-ke-on) [boxeov, scrotum]. The scrotum. Oscheoncus (os-AEe-ong/-Aus) [boxeov, scrotum ; Śykoç, swelling]. A swelling or tumor of the scrotum. Oscheonyssis (os-AEe-on-is/-īs) [Öoreov, scrotum; viioo. euv, to puncture]. Paracentesis of the scrotum. Oscheophlogosis (os-AEe-o-ſo-go/-sis) [Öoweov, scrotum ; (p.26) woug, inflammation]. Same as Oscheitis. Oscheoplastic (os-Ée-o-plas/-tić) [ögyeov, scrotum ; Tââooetv, to form]. Pertaining to plastic operations upon the scrotum. (os/-ke-o-plas-fe) [Öoreov, scrotum ; Tháooety, to form]. Oscheoplastic surgery; plastic surgery of the scrotum. Oscheopyedema (os-Åe-o-pi-e-deſ-mah) [boxeov, scro- tum; Tüov, pus; oiómua, edema]. Purulent edema of the scrotum. Oschitis (os-Ai/-ſis). See Oscheitis. Oschocarcinoma (os-Ao-kar-sin-o’-mah). Synonym of Oscheddarcinoma. Oschuredema ( os-Au-re-deſ-mah ) [60xeov, scrotum ; oùpov, urine; oiómua, edema]. Extravasation of urine into the scrotum. Oschydredema (osé-hi-dre-deſ-mah) [Öoxeov, scrotum; ióop, water; oiómua, edema]. Edema of the scrotum. Oscillation (os-il-a/-shun) [oscillatio; oscillare, to sway to and fro]. A swinging or vibration. Also, any tremulous motion. See Aſºpus. O., Consecutive. Same as Phenomena of 7% ansfer. Oscitancy (os/-it-an-se) [osciſare, to yawn]. The dis- position to yawn; drowsiness. Oscitant (osſ-it-ant) [oscitare, to yawn], Yawning. O. Fever, fever accompanied by much yawning. Oscitation (os-it-a/-shun) [oscitatio; oscitare, to yawn]. The act of yawning or gaping. Osculant (os/-Au-lant) [osculari, to kiss]. closely connected. Oscularis (os-Au-/a/-ris) [osculans, kissing]. The kiss- ing-muscle, or orbicularis oris. See Muscles, Table of. Osculation (os-AEu-la/-shºot) [ osculatio, osculari, to kiss]. The union or anastomosis of vessels or lymph- channels by their mouths. Also, the act of kissing. Oscule (os/-Azil) [osculum, a little mouth, dim. of os, mouth]. Same as Osculum. Osculum (os/-Au-ſum) [a little mouth : f/., Oscula]. A small aperture. In biology: (a) the mouth or ex- halant aperture of a sponge, either “scattered,” “ex- current ’’ or “cloacal.” Cf. Pseudoprocł; (b) one of the bothria or fossettes of the head of a platode worm ; (c) the opening into the pituitary body. -ose (-52) [-osus]. A suffix signifying full of. Also, the systematic termination for the members of the starch and Sugar group. , Oser’s Oak-red. See Oak-bark. -osis (o/-sis). A suffix signifying the progress or condi- tion of. - Osite (os/-īt) [os, a bone]. In biology, The name applied by Leidy wº OSLER'S METHOD to a form of guano made up largely of the altered bones of marine animals. - Osler's Method. A method of studying blood-plaques; a drop of osmic acid is placed on the cleansed finger, which is then pricked and the drop transferred to a slide. O.'s Phenomenon, the aggregation of hemat- oblasts occurring immediately in blood drawn from the body. omºte (oz/-māt) [bagſ, smell]... A salt of osmic acid. Osmatic (oz-mat/-ä) [bouff, smell]... Characterized by a keen sense of smell; having a highly developed rhi- nencephalon. Osmazome (oz/-maz-ām) [Öopiń, smell; Souác, soup]. A brownish-yellow substance developed by heat in muscular fibers, and imparting to cooked meats their peculiar flavor. [Old.] Osmesis (oz-me/-sis) [60 umouc, a smelling]. The act of smelling. - Osmeterium (oz-me-te/-re-um) [baptſ, odor; thotov, a suffix: pl., Osmeteria]. In zoölogy, an organ produc- ing scent or odor, especially in the larvae of certain lepidoptera. Osmiamic Acid (og-me-am/-ić)[öopuff, Smell; ammonia], H,Os,N,0s. A compound of ammonia and osmium tetroxid. Osmiate (oz/-me-ãt). Synonym of Osmate. Osmic (oz7-mik)[bouff, smell]. Pertaining to or obtained from osmium. O. Acid. Osmic acid is used as a fixing and staining agent; it stains fat black. See Acid, and Stains, Table of Osmidrosis (oz - mid- ro/-sis) [bou%, smell; iópoolç, sweat]. The secretion of a malodorous perspiration; bromidrosis, g. v. Osmious (oz/-me-us) [bouff, Smell]. Containing osmium as a dyad or tetrad element. Osmium (oz/-me-um) [bouff, smell]. The heaviest of the known metals (symbol Os, sp. gr. 22.48., at wt. 190.08); the basis of osmic acid. See Elements, Table of - Osmodysphoria (oz-mo-dis-fo/-re-ah) [bouń, smell; Övg-, ill; pépetv, to bear]. Intolerance of certain odors. Osmogene (oz/-mo-jen) [Öoplóg, pushing; Yevåg, pro- ducing]. A laboratory apparatus employed in effect- ing osmosis. Osmograph (oz/-mo-graf) [&op16c, an impulse ; Ypáðelv, to write]. An apparatus for registering the changes in the level of the liquid in an endosmometer. Osmology (oz-mo/-o-je). Synonym of Osphresiology. Osmometer (oz - mom/-et-er) [bouń, smell; piétpov, measure]. An instrument for testing the sense of smell. Osmometric (oz-mo-met/-rié) [bouñ, smell; puérpov, a measure]. Pertaining to osmometry. Osmometry (oz - mom/-et- re) [Öopiń, smell; uétpov, measure]. The estimation of the acuteness of the sense of smell. Osmonosology (oz-mo-nos-o/-oje) [bouff, smell; v6ooc, disease; A6).og, science]. The science of the diseases affecting the sense of smell. Osmonosus (oz-mon/-o-sus)[öopiń, odor; v6oog, disease]. Disease of the sense of smell. Osmose (og-moº), Osmosis (og-mo/-sis) [Öguác, im- pulse]. That property by which liquids and crystal- line substances in solution pass through porous septa; endosmosis and exosmosis. Osmotic (oz-mot/-ä) [Öouóc, impulse]. Pertaining to osmosis. O. Equivalent, ‘‘that figure that indicates the weight of water which replaces by osmosis one part by weight of the substance subjected to the pro- cess.” O. Pressure, the pressure exerted by the particles of compounds when dissolved, directly ex- 945 OSSICLE pressed or shown by osmotic phenomena. It is equal to that which would be exerted by an equal amount of the substance if it were converted into gas and occupied the same volume at the same temperature as the solution. Osmunda (os-mum/-dah) [L.]. A genus of ferns. Q. regalis (osmund, royal-fern, flowering-fern, buck- horn) is tonic, astringent, and demulcent, and is vaunted as a cure for rickets. Unof. Osphradium (os-fra/-de-um) [bappáðtov, an olfactory; dim. of Öoppa, smell ; pl., Osphradia]. In biology, a special sense-organ in molluscs, supposed to be ol- factory in function. Osphrasia (os-fra/-ze-ah). Synonym of Ospăresis. Osphresiologic (os-fre-ze-o-o/-ić) [607pmatc, smell; Żóyoc, science]. Pertaining to osphresiology, or to Smell. Osphresiology (os - fre-ze- o!’-o-fe) [30%pmotº, smell; Żóyoc, science]. The science of the sense of smell and its organs; also of odors and perfumes. Osphresis (os-fre/-sis) [Öoppmotç, smell]. The sense of smell; olfaction. Osphretic (os-fret/-ä) [bappm tróg, capable of smelling]. Same as O/factory. Osphristics (os-fris/-tiés) [Öoppmatc, the sense of smell]. The science of the phenomena of olfaction. Osphus (os/-fus) [Öopüç, loin]. Loin. Osphyalgema (osºft-a/-je/-mah). Synonym of Osphy- algia. Osphyalgia (osºft-a/-je-ah) [Öopic, loin ; 3%Yog, pain]. Sciatica. Also, any pain in the hips or loins. Osphyarthritis (osºft-arth-ri/-tis). Synonym of Coxiºis. Osphyarthrocace (os -ſi- arth - roš/- as - e.) [60 pig, the loin ; aptpov, a joint; Kakóg, evil]. Synonym of Cox- its or Morózes coxarius. Osphyitis (osºft-iſ-tis) [60 pig, loin; trug, inflammation]. Lumbar inflammation; coxitis. Osphyomyelitis (os-fi - o- mi - el - ?/- tis) [baptic, loin ; Auve?6g, marrow; trug, inflammation]. Myelitis of the lumbar portion of the spinal cord. See Zschiomyelitis. Osphyrrheuma (os-fi - ru/- ma/.) [baptic, loin ; beipia, rheum]. Rheumatism of the loins or the hip-joint. Ossa (os’-ah) [L., pl. of os, a bone]. Bones. O. in- nominata, the irregular bones forming the sides and anterior wall of the pelvis. O. lata, the broad or flat bones composing the walls of cavities, as the bones of the cranium, in distinction from O. longa, the long bones, as those of the limbs. O. triquetra. See Wormian Bones and Triquetrum. O. wormiana, See Wormian Bones. Ossature (os’-at-àr) [os, a bone]. of the bones of the body. Ossein (os/-e-in) [os, a bone]. A combination of proteids, mainly collagen and an albuminoid, com- posing the organic structure of bone; it is called also ostein and bone-cartilage. Osselet (os/-el-et) [dim. of os, a bone]. A small bone; also a hard nodule on the inner aspect of the horse’s knee. AUDITORY Ossicles. Osseous (osſ-e-us) [ossetts, os, 1. Head of malleus. bone]. Bony; composed of or 2. Processus bre- resembling bone. *chi, P º Ossicle (osſ-ik-2) [ossiculum, dim. grac1 11s. 4. Man- º ubrium. 5. Long of os, a bone]. In biology, a process of incus 6. The arrangement small bone, or in invertebrates a ſºlº. º. l b lik tween incus and calcareous, bone-like structure. stapes. 7, Stapes. O., Auditory, a chain of small bones found for the most part in the tympanic cavity of vertebrates. 6o i OSSICULA Ossicula (os-ić/-u-lah) [L.]. Plural of Ossiculum, O. auditus. See Ossic/e. Ossicular (os-i}/-u-lar) [ossiculum, a small bone]. Re- sembling small bones. Ossiculate (os-i/-u-/dt) [ossiculum, a small bone]. Provided with Ossicles. Ossicule (os/-ić-ii/). Same as Ossicle. Ossiculum (os-ik/-u-ſum). Synonym of Ossicle. Ossiculus (os-34/-u-lus) [masc. dim. of os, a bone]. Same as Pyrene. Ossiferous (os-if”-er-us) [os, a bone; ferre, to bear]. Bearing or producing bone-tissue. Ossific (os-iſ'-ić) [os, bone; facere, to make]. ducing bone. - Ossification (os-if-ić-a/-shun) [os, a bone; facere, to make]. The formation of bone; also a bony formation. Ossified (osſ-iſ-id) [os, bone; facere, to make]. Transformed into bone. Ossifluent (os-if”-lu-ent) [os, ossis, a bone; ſ’uere, to flow]. Breaking down and softening the bony tissue; as an Ossifluent abscess. Ossiform (osſ-ºf-orm) [os, a bone; forma, form]. Bone-like. Ossifying (osſ-iſ-i-ing) [9s, bone; facere, to make]. Change into bone. O. Chondroma, a chondroma which is changing into hard tissue resembling bone. O. Myositis, inflammation of muscle, attended with, or followed by, the deposition of hard, bone-like Iſla SS6S. Ossin (osſ-in) [os, a bone]. An extract made from bone- tissue, and used in organotherapy, q. v. Ossiterra (os-it-er/-ah) [os, bone; terra, earth]. The chalk-like substance, composing about two-thirds by weight of adult bone; it is called also bone-earth. The other third consists of bone-cartilage or ossein. Ossivorous (os-àv/-o-rus) [os, a bone; vorare, to de- vour]. In biology, feeding upon bones. Ostaemia (os-ſe/-me-a/ ). See Ostemia. Ostagra (os-ta/-gra/ ) [botéov, bone; &ypa, seizure]. A bone-forceps. Ostalgia (os-ſa//-je-a/ ) [botéov, bone; 3Wyog, pain]. Pain in a bone. Ostarium (os-ta/-re-um). Synonym of Ossicle. Ostarthritis (ost-ar-thri/-tis). See Osteoarthritis. Osteal (os/-te-a/) [botéov, bone]. Osseous, bony; per- taining to bone. Ostealgia (os-te-a/7-je-ah). See Ostalgia. Ostealleosis (os-te-a/-e'-o-sis) [botéov, bone; āWAoto- otg, alteration]. A metamorphosis of the substance of bone, as exemplified in osteosarcoma. Osteameba (os-de-am-e'-bah) [botéov, bone; amaba, a rhizopod, from épotſ?%, change]. In biology, a bone- cell or osteoblast regarded as an organism. Cf. A/eur- ameba, Al/jameba. Osteanagenesis (os-fe-an-aſ-en/-es-is) [60téov, bone; âvayevvāv, to regenerate]. The regeneration of bone. Osteanaphysis (os-te-an-af’-is-is) [botéov, bone; ava- piety, to reproduce]. The reproduction of bone-tissue. Synonym of Osteanagemesis. Ostearthrocace (os-fe-ar-ſhrok 7-as-e) [batéov, bone ; āpſhov, joint; kakóg, bad]. Malignant caries of the bones of a joint. Osteauxe (os-te-aw/s/-e) [botéov, bone; aiº), growth.J. Abnormal enlargement of a bone. Osteche (os-te/, /-e). Synonym of Ostechema. Ostechema (os - /e/ - e^- ma/ ) [botéov, bone; jºua, sound]. The sound produced on percussing the frontal bone. Ostectopy (os-/e/-to-pe) [botéov, bone; £ictoróg, dis- placed]. Displacement of bone. Osteectomy (os-te-e/-to-me) [boréov, bone; Śktouff, excision]. Excision of a portion of bony tissue. Pro- 946 OSTEOCAMPSIA Osteide (osſ-fe-id) [Öoréov, bone]. A small bony mass sometimes found in the pulp-cavity of a tooth. Ostein (os/-te-in) [borčov, bone]. I. The organic consti- tuent of bone; Ossein. 2. Less frequently, the min- eral part of bony substance. - Osteitic (os-te-it/-ié) [Öotéov, bone; trug, inflammation]. Pertaining to osteitis. Osteitis (os-de-i/-täs) [botéov, bone; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of bone. O. carnosa, inflammation of bone, attended with the presence of an excess of fungous granulations. O., Condensing. See Osteo- sclerosis. O. deformans, the bones yielding to pressure and becoming distorted. O., Gummatous, a chronic form due to syphilis and characterized by the formation of gummata in the cancellous tissue of the epiphysis, in the shaft of the bone, or in the periosteum. O., Ossifying. Synonym of Osteosclerosis. O., Osteo- plastic. Synonym of Osteosclerosis. O., Rarefying. See Osteoporosis. O., Suppurative, inflammation of bone attended with suppuration. Ostembryon (os-tem/-bre-on) [botéov, bone; £uffpwov, fetus]. Synonym of Zithopedion. Ostemia (os-teſ-wee-a/) [baréov, bone; alpa, blood]. A morbid condition of bone, distinguished by its turges- cence with blood. Ostempyesis (os-tem-pi-e'-sis) [botéov, bone; Śutºmouc, suppuration]. Suppuration of a bone. - Osteo- (os/-te-o-) [botéov, bone]. A prefix that signifies connection with or relation to bone. Osteoanabrosis (os/-te-o-an-ab-ro/-sis) [botéov, bone; âvá, up ; 8pôotc, eating]. The absorption of bone, or its destruction, as by osteoclasts. Osteo-aneurysm (os/-te-o-an/-u-rizm) [öoréov, bone; âveipuopia, aneurysm]. Aneurysm of the arteries of a bone; a pulsating tumor of a bone. Osteo-arthritis (os/-te-o-ar-º/ri/-täs) [botéov, bone; āpôpov, joint; itic, inflammation]. A chronic inflam- mation of the bones forming a joint. Osteoarthropathy (os/-te-o-ar-throp/-ath-e) [botéov, bone; apôpov, joint; Tábog, disease]. Any disease of bony articulations. O., Hypertrophic Pulmon- ary, a disease first described by Marie, characterized by a bulbous enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, a thickening of the articular ends of the bones, a peculiar curvation of the nails, and an enlargement of the lower jaw. According to Marie the condition is usually associated with disease of the lungs or pleura, whence the name osteoartho- pathie przezemzigue hyper/rophiazzée, and results from the absorption of toxic products from the diseased foci. The disease is not allied to akromegaly. Osteo-arthrotomy(os-e-o-ar-thro/-o-me)|[botéov, bone; āpópov, joint; Touff, a cutting]. Inter-articular osteot- omy, as in cuneiform operations on the tarsus. See the various cuneiform operations in Operations, Table of Osteoblast (os/-te-o-blast) [baréov, bone; 62aoróg, a germ]. In biology, one of the formative cells of bone- tissue: a name proposed by Gegenbauer (1864), for the connective-tissue cells that proliferate on one side of bone-substance, in the direction of the supplanted cartilage. Their processes and finally the cells themselves become imbedded in the calcified matrix and become bone-cells. The intercellular threads of protoplasm lead to the development of the canaliculi, the cell-bodies producing the so-called lacunae. - Osteoblastic (os-te-o-blas/-tić) [60Téov, bone; 3%aoróg, a germ]. Pertaining to osteoblasts, or to the forma- tion of bone. Osteocampsia (os-de-o-kamp/-se-a/) [öoréov, bone; káu- Tretv, to bend]. Curvature of a bone without frac. ture, as in osteomalacia. Al OSTEOCANCER Osteocancer (os-te-o-kan'-ser). Synonym of Osteocar- C2%07/20. Osteocarcinoma (os/-te-o-kar-sin-o’-mah)[boréov, bone; Kapſcivoga, carcinoma : pl., Osteocarcinomada]. Car- cinoma of bone ; Ossifying carcinoma. Osteocele (os/-te-o-sel) [botéov, bone; Khºm, tumor]. A bone-like substance found in old hermial sacs; also marked hardening of the testicle. Osteocephaloma (os/-te-o-seſ-al-o'-mah) [60 réov, bone; kepa/h, head; bud, tumor ; pl., Osteocephalomataj. Encephaloma or encephaloid sarcoma of bone. Osteochondritis (os/-te-o-kon-dri'-tis) [bgréov, bone; yóvópog, cartilage; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation involving both bone and cartilage. Osteochondroma (os/-te-o-kon-dro'-mah)[botéov, bone; Żóvöpog, cartilage; bud, tumor; pl., Osteochondro- mata]. A tumor that is in part bony, and in part cartilaginous. Osteoclasia (os-te-o-º/a/-ze-ah). See Osteoclasis. Osteoclasis (os-te-o/-las-is) [botéov, bone; KAdelv, to break]. I. Fracture of bones for purposes of reme- dying deformity. 2. The destruction of bony tissue by osteoclasts. - Osteoclast (os/ - £e -o - Alast) [botéov, bone; khao Tóg, broken]. I. An instrument for performing osteoclasis. 2. One of the large multinucleate cells, derived from mesenchymal cells, and frequently found against the surface of bone in little eroded depressions (Howship's lacunae). They are concerned in the removal of bone. They are so called by Kölliker, and are named by Robin and other French histologists Myeloplaxes or Myeloplaques. - Osteoclastic (os-te-o-klas/-tić) [botéov, bone; khao Tóg, broken]. Of the nature of an osteoclast; concerned in the breaking down and absorption of bone. Osteoclasy (os/-te-o-Ala-2e). See Osteoclasis. Osteocolla (os-de-o-ko/-ah) [batéov, bone; kóWAa, glue]. Bone-glue ; inferior glue obtained from bones. Osteocomma (os-de-o-Aom/-ah) [Öotéov, bone; kóppia, segment ; pl. , Osteocommata). Any one of a series of bone-segments ; in the adult skeleton, a vertebra is an example. Osteocope (os/-te-o-köp) |. bone; kóTog, pain]. Bone-ache; the pain in the bones, usually felt at night, when the body is warmly covered, that characterizes syphilis. Osteocopic (os-de-o-Kop/-īk) [botéov, bone; kóTog, pain]. Resembling, or consisting of, an osteocope; like a bone-ache. Osteocyst (osſ-to-o-sist) [botéov, bone; küotic, cyst]. A cyst with hard, bone-like contents. Osteocystoid (os-de-o-sis/-toid) [baréov, bone; Küoric, cyst; eldog, like]. Resembling an osteocyst. Osteocystoma (os-te-o-sis - to/- ma/) [botéov, bone; kilorig, cyst; jua, tumor]. A cystic tumor of bone, Osteocystosarcoma (osſ-te- or sis/-to-sar - Ko/- mah) [botéov, bone; Kügtic, cyst; Gápé, flesh; 6pa, tumor]. A cystosarcoma of bone. Osteodentinal (os-te-o-dem/-tin-al) [botéov, bone; dens, tooth]. Made up of osteodentine. Osteodentine (os-te-o-dem/-tin) [botéov, bone; dens, tooth]. A tissue of the nature of, and intermediate in structure between, bone and dentine. Osteodermatoplastic (os/-te-o-der-mat-o-plas/-tä) [Öo- Téov, bone; dépua, skin; Tââooen, to mold]. Per- taining to the formation of osseous tissue in dermal Structures, . Osteodermatous (os-te-o-der’-mat-us) [Öoršov, bone; Öéppia, skin]. Having an ossified integument. Per- taining to osteodermia. Osteodermia (os-te-o-ter/-/nº-ah) [botéov, bone; 6ápua, Skin]. The existence of osseous formations in the skin 947 OSTEOMALACTIC or outer covering. It occurs normally in many ani- mals, and occasionally abnormally in man. Osteodermous (os-le-o-der/-mus). Same as Osteoder- 772&ſozzS. Osteodiastasis (os - ſe -o- di-asſ-fas-is) [botéov, bone; ôtáotagic, separation]. Separation of bone (as an epiphysis), without true fracture. Osteodynia (os-te-o-din/-e-a/.) [botéov, bone; 66üvm, pain]. A chronic pain in the bone. Osteoepiphysis (os/-te-o-e-pi/7-is-is) [botéov, bone; £7. pvaag, epiphysis]. A bony epiphysis. Osteogangrene (os/-te-o-gang/-grén) [botéov, bone; yáyypatva, gangrene]. Gangrene or necrosis of bone. Osteogen (os/-te-o-jen) [batéov, bone; Yevvāv, to pro- duce]. The substance of which osteogenic fibers are made up. Osteogenesis (os-te-o-jen’-es-is) [60téov, bone; yévêqug, genesis]. The development and formation of bone- tissue. Osteogenesy º: -es-e). See Osteogenesis. Osteogenetic (os-te-o-jen-et/-ī4) [botéov, bone; yeyväv, to beget]. Pertaining to, or concerned in, osteogen- esis. O. Cell, an osteoblast. O. Fibers, Schäfer's name for the soft and pliant bundles of faintly fibril- lated, transparent fibers running out from growing spicules of bone. O. Layer, the deep layer of peri- osteum from which bone is formed. wº Osteogenic (os-te-o-jen/-ić). Synonym of Osteogenetic. Osteogeny (os-te-oj/-en-e). See Osteogenesis. Osteography (os-te-og/-ra-ſe) [Öaréov, bone; ypáðety, to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the bones and their articulations. Osteohalisteresis (osſ-te-o- /a/- is -zer-eſ-sis) [baréov, bone; ážg, salt; GTépéetv, to deprive]. A partial loss of the mineral constituents of bone, concomitant with curvature. See A’achiſis. Osteohelcosis (os - te -o- hel - Ao’-sis) [batéov, bone; #2koolg, ulceration]. Caries of bone. Osteoid (osſ-de-oid') [baréov, bone; eiðoç, like]. Resem- bling or having the nature of bone. Osteolith (os’-te-o-liſh) [baréov, bone; Ziffoc, stone]. A petrified bone. Osteologist (os-te-o/-o-ji'sſ) [baréov, bone; 26; oc, sci- ence]. One versed in, or expert in, osteology. Osteology (os-te-o/-o-je) [ogréov, bone; 26) oc, science]. The science of the nature and structure of the bones. Osteolysis (os-fe-o/-is-is) [botéov, bone; 2 foug, disso- lution]. Absorption and disappearance of bone. Osteolytic (os-de-o-Ziº'-ić) [óa Téov, bone; Zialc, dissolu- tion]. Pertaining to, or concerned in, osteolysis. Osteoma (os-te-o'-mah) [Öoréov, bone; dua, tumor: A/., Osteomata]. A bony tumor; exostosis. O., Dental, dental exostosis or hypercementosis. O. durum, a tumor consisting of very hard, bone-like tissue. O. eburneum. Synonym of O. durum. O. medullo- sum, an Osteoma formed chiefly of cancellated tissue. O. spongiosum. Synonym of O. medu/ſosum. Osteomalacia (os-e-o-mal-a’-se -a/.) [60 réov, bone; plažakta, softness]. Softening of bone from loss of its earthy constituents, occurring in adults, especially in females, and in the course of pregnancy. The true cause of the disease is not known ; by some it is con- sidered to be infectious, but this view is not proved. O. infantum. See A'ickets. Osteomalacial, Osteomalacic (os-te-o-ma/-a/-se-a/, os-te-o-mal-a’-sik) [Öotéov, bone; tıazakia, softening]. Pertaining to, or affected with, osteomalacia. Osteomalacosis (os-de-o-mal-ak-o'-sis). Synonym of Osteomalacia. Osteomalactic (os-fe-o-ma/-a/-tä ) [Öoréov, bone; uažaktukóg, emollient]. Pertaining to osteomalacia. OSTEOMERE Osteomere (os/-te-o-ºner) [Öaréov, bone; uépoc, part]. Same as Osteocomma. Osteometry (os-te-om/-et-re) [botéov, bone; puérpov, measure]. The study of the proportions and measure- ments of the skeleton. Osteomiosis (os-de-o-mi-o’-sis) [botéov, bone; pleiooc, diminution]. Disintegration of bone. Osteomyelitis (os-te-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [60Téov, bone; plve- Aóg, marrow ; attg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the marrow of bone. O., Conchiolin, Mother-of: pearl Osteomyelitis, a plastic form of inflammation of bone caused by the presence of pearl-dust in the capillary vessels of the epiphyseal extremities of the long bones in persons employed in the manufacture of articles of pearl. O., Gummatous, a form due to the development of gummata in the bone-marrow. O. malleosa, osteomyelitis due to the Bacillus malleus, or glanders-bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of O., Mother-of-pearl. See O., Conchiolin. O., Scrofulous, probably a chronic inflammation of the bone-marrow of tuberculous character. Osteomyelon, Osteomyelum (os-de-o-mi’-el-on, os-te- o, mi/-el-um) [botéov, bone; plve?6g, marrow]. The marrow of bone. Osteonabrosis (os-te-on-ab’-ro-sis). See Osteoanabrosis. Osteonagenesis (os - te - on - aſ - en/- es - is). See Osteo- genests. Osteoncosis, Osteoncus (os-de-on-Ao’-sis, os-te-ong/- Äus) [botéov, bone; bykoç, tumor]. A tumor of a bone. An exostosis. Osteonecrosis (os-te-o-me-Åro/-sis) [botéov, bone; vé- kpoolç, death]. Necrosis, or death of bone. Osteoneuralgia (os-de-o-nu-ra/ je-a/.) [botéov, bone; veipov, nerve; ā%yog, pain]. Neuralgia of bone. Osteonosus (os-te-on/-o-sus) [botéov, bone; v6ooç, disease]. Disease of bone. Osteopalinclasis (os-te-o-pal-in/-Alas-is) [ootéov, bone; Trážtv, again; kháotg, a breaking]. Rebreaking of a bone for the correction of deformity. Osteoparectania (os-de-o-par-eč-ta/-ne-ah). of Osteoparecasis. Osteoparectasis (os-te-o-par-e/-tas-is) [botéov, bone; TapékTagug, a stretching out]. Abnormal lengthening of a bone ; over-extension in the treatment of a frac- ture. Osteopathy (os-de-off’-az/.-e). Disease of bone. Osteopedion (os-te-o-pe/-de-on). See Zithopedion. Osteoperiosteal (os/-te-o-per-e-os’-te-al) [botéov, bone; Tepi, around; botéov, bone]. Pertaining to bone and its overlying periosteum. * Osteoperiosteitis (os/-te-o-per-e-os-te-i/-tis). Same as Osteoperiostitis. Osteoperiostitis (os/-te-o-per-e-os-ti'-tis) [botéov, bone; Tepi, around; boréov, bone; trac, inflammation]. Os- teitis with periostitis. Osteophage (os/-te-o-faj) [baréov, bone; payeiv, to eat]. A myeloplax, or osteoclastic cell. Osteophlebitis (os-te-o://e-bi/-tis) [botéov, bone; pºéip, vein; trac, inflammation]. Inflammation of the veins of a bone. Osteophone (os/-te-o-fon) [botéov, bone; jouń, sound]. An apparatus for the transmission of Sounds through the bones of the face ; it is miscalled audiphone. Osteophony (os - te-off’- o- me) [botéov, bone; pová, sound]. The transmission of sound through bone. Osteophor (os/-te-o-for) [Öotéov, bone; pépetv, to bear]. A heavy tooth-forceps for crushing bone. Osteophthisis (os-de-off’-this-is), [botéov, bone; ºffiotç, a wasting J. Wasting of the bones. - Osteophthoria(os-te-off-thoſ-re-a/) [60Téov, bone; ºffopá, decay]. An old name for tuberculous affections of bones and joints. - Synonym 948 OSTEOSPONGIOMA Osteophyma (os - te-o-ft/- mah) [botéov, bone; bipla, swelling: p., Osteophymata]. Any tumor or swelling of a bone. Osteophyte (osſ-te-o-fit) [60téov, bone; puróv, plant]. A bony outgrowth or nodosity. Osteophytic (os-te-o-fit'-ik) [botéov, bone; putóv, plant]. Of the nature of an osteophyte. Osteophyton (os-te-off’-et-on) [botéov, bone; putóv, a plant: pl., Osteophyta). Same as Osteophyte. Osteoplaque (osſ-te-o-º/a4) [öoréov, bone; Tháč, plate]. A layer of bone; a flat osteoma. Osteoplast (os/-te-o-plast) [60Téov, bone; Thäooeuv, to form]. Same as Osteoblast. Osteoplastic (os-te-o-plas/-tik) [botéov, bone; Thäooetv, to mold]. Pertaining to plastic operations upon bone; also to the natural or pathologic formation or devel- opment of bone. O. Resection, an operation in which a bone or portion of bone, cut loose from all but one of its attachments, is laid back, the underlying dis- eased structure removed, and the bone replaced. Osteoplasty (os/-te-o-plas-te) [botéov, bone; Thaotóg, formed]. A plastic operation, as by grafting, etc., performed upon bone; plastic surgery of bone. See Dieffenbach’s, Fergusson’s, Mason's, and other opera- tions, in Operations, Table of Osteoporoma (os-te-o-por-o'-mah) [botéov, bone; Tôpoſ, passage]. The changes produced by osteoporosis. Osteoporosis (os-te-o-for-o/-sis) [Öoréov, bone; trópog, a pore]. A form of osteitis in which the bones be- come more vascular and are marked by an increase of the spaces filled with granulation-tissue or marrow- tissue, with corresponding decrease in their compact- ness. This is also called A’are/ying Osteitis. Osteopsathyrosis (os-te-of-sath-ir-o/-sis) [botéov, bone; "baffvpóg, friable]. Fragility of bones. Osteopyr (os/-te-o-pir) [botéov, bone; trip, fever]. Gangrene of bone. - - Osteorrhagia (os-te-or-a/-je-ah) [botéov, bone; hiſ yuányai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from a bone. Osteorrhaphy (os-te-or/-a-ſe) [botéov, bone; baſºff, suture]. The suturing of bones. Osteosapria (os-te-o-sa/-pre-ah) [botéov, bone; oatpóg, soften]. Caries of bone. Osteosarcoma (os-te-o-sar-Āo/-mah) [botéov, bone; Gópš, flesh; bud, tumor: Al.., Osteosarcomata]. A sar- coma of bone. O., Central, one arising in the interior of a bone. O., Infiltrated, one infiltrating the entire bone, which becomes softened. O., Internal. Syno- nym of O., Central. O., Periosteal, one springing from the periosteum. O., Peripheral. Synonym of O., Periosteal. Osteosarcomatous (os-te-o-sar-Ao’-mat-us) [botéov, bone; oap;, flesh; Śua, tumor]. Of the nature of Sal'COIſla. Osteosarcosis (os-te-o-sar-ko’-sis) [botéov, bone; oãpš, flesh]. The conversion of bone into sarcomatous tissue. Osteoscirrhus (os-te-o-skir/-us) [botéov, bone; oribbog, a hardening]. A scirrhous carcinoma of bone. Osteoscleroma (os - te-o-sk/e-ro/- mah). Synonym of Osteosclerosis. Osteosclerosis (os - ?e-o-s/ºle - ro/-sis) [baréov, bone; ok%poolç, hardening]. A form of osteitis in which the bone increases in density at the expense of newly formed or pre-existing marrow-cells. It is also called Condensing Osteitis. Osteosis (os-te-o/-sis) [botéov, bone]. The formation of bone. Osteospongioma (os-te-o-spun-je-o'-mah) [botéov, bone; otróyyog, sponge; 6pla, tumor; pl., Osteospongiomata). A tumor consisting of a spongy or highly cancellous growth of bony tissue. OSTEOSPONGIOSIS Osteospongiosis (os-te-o-spun-je-o’-sis). thoria and Osteospongioma. Osteosteatoma (os-te-o-ste-at-o'-mah) [botéov, bone; oréap, fat; bud, tumor; pl., Osteosteatomata]. Fatty tumor, or growth, of bone. Osteoteleangiectasis (os/-te-o-tel-e- an -je - ek/ - tas-is) ôoréov, bone; tāog, end; áyyelov, vessel; Škraotº, dilatation]. Dilatation of the blood-vessels of a bone; also a telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Osteothrombosis (os/-te-o-throm-boſ-sis) [baréov, bone; 6póuffootſ, thrombosis]. Thrombosis of the veins of a bone. Osteotome (os/-te-o-tom) [óoréov, bone; Touff, a cut- ting]. I. A saw, or other instrument, for cutting bone. 2. An instrument used in cutting the bones of the fetal head in embryotomy. Osteotomist (os-te-of/-o-mist) [Öoréov, bone; topiń, a cutting]. One who performs osteotomy. Osteotomy (os-te-of/-o-me) [boréov, bone; Touff, a cut- ting]. The cutting or division of a bone. See Adams’, Barwell’s, Gant's, and other operations, in Operations, Table of O., Complete, one in which the bone is completely divided. O., Cuneiform, an osteotomy in which a wedge of bone is removed. O., Extra-articular, one not involving a joint." O., Incomplete, one in which the bone is not completely divided. O., Linear, a simple division of a bone, without removal of any part. O., Partial. Synonym of O., Incomplete. O., Simple. Synonym of O., Alinear. O., Supracondylar, one done just above the condyles of the femur. Osteotophus (os-te-of/-o-fus) [botéov, bone; tophus, sandstone]. A bony outgrowth or excrescence. Osteotribe (os/-te-o-trib). Same as Osteotrite. Osteotrite (os/-te-o-trit) [baréov, bone; Tpíðelv, to rub). A scraping-instrument for use in operations upon carious bones. - Osteotylus (os-te-o-fi/-lus) [botéov, bone : túžoç, cal- lus]. Bone-callus. Osteulcus (os-te-u!’-kus) [boreovåkóg : botéov, bone; ë%icelv, to draw]. A bone-forceps. Osthelcus (ost-hel/-kus) [botéov, bone; 8%koç, suppura- ting around]. Caries of bone. Osthistos (ost-his/-tos) [botéov, bone; iotóg, tissue]. Osseous tissue. Ostial (os/-te-al) [ostium, a door or mouth]. Pertaining to an opening or orifice. Ostiole (os/-te-àl) [ostium, a door, mouth]. In biology, a small ostium, as the orifices in plants for the discharge of spores, pollen-grains, etc., or in insects for the emission of irritant or foul-smelling fluids. Ostiolum (os-ti’-o-lum) [dim. of os, mouth]. A valve. Ostitis (os-tiº-tis). See Osteitis. Ostium (osſ-tº-um) [L., a, door; pl., Ostia]: In biol- ogy, a mouth or mouth-like opening; specifically, one of the slits in the dorsal vessel of certain Crustacea. (Branchippus). O. abdominale, the orifice of the oviduct communicating with the peritoneal cavity. O. oesophageum ventriculi, the opening of the esophageal or cardiac orifice of the stomach. O., Gastric, the mouth by which a radial canal in sponges opens into the paragaster. O. internum, the orifice at the beginning of the oviduct in the uterus. O. See Osteoph- pharyngeum, the pharyngeal opening of the Eusta- . chian tube. O. tympanicum, the tympanic opening of the Eustachian tube. O., Vaginal, the external orifice of the vagina. Ostology (os-tol/-o-je). Ostoma (os-to-mah). Synonym of Osteoma. Ostosis (os-to/-sis). Same as Osteosis. Ostracosis (os-trak-o'-sis) [60tpakov, oyster-shell; v6oog, disease]. The degenerative change that sometimes Same as Osteology. 949 OTITIS takes place in a portion of bone and causes it to re- semble an oyster-shell. Ostrea (os/-tre-ah) [50rpeov, oyster]. Oyster. Ostrein (os/-tre-in) [Öorpeov, oyster]. A nitrogenous body of uncertain composition found in the flesh of oysters. Ostreios (os-tre-i/-os) [60tpeov, oyster; ióc, poison]. The poison found in some oysters and mussels. Ostreotoxicum (os-tre-o-toks/-īk-um). Synonym of Ostreios. Otacoustian, Otacoustic (o-tak-oos/-te-an, o-tak-oos' -tié) [oig, gen, Öróg, ear; ākovoaç, hearing]. Per- taining to, or aiding, audition. , 2. An ear-trumpet. Otacousticon (o-tak-oos/-tié-on) [oic, ear; drovolc, hearing]. An otacoustic, or ear-trumpet. Otagra (o-ta/-grah). Synonym of Otalgia. Otalgia (o-ta/-je-ah) [oic, ear; &Ayoc, pain]. Earache. Otalgic (o-taºjiž) [oic, ear; 32yoç, pain]. Affected with, or pertaining to, otalgia. Otalgy (o-ta/-fe). Same as Otalgia. Otaphone (o’-taf-àn) [oir, ear; pová, sound]. . A clamp so adjusted as to throw the external ears for- ward and outward, and thus assist the hearing. Otechos, Otechus (o'-tek-os, o/-tek-us). Synonym of ZŽnzeitus azerāzeme. Otemplastrum (o-tem-plas/-trum) [oic, ear; Éut?ao- Tpov, yed A plaster placed behind the ear. Old. ośe (o/-ten-kit) [oic, ear; £yxietv, to pour in]. An aural syringe. Othelcosis (o-thel-ko’-sis) [oic, ear; 8%kootſ, ulcera- tion]. Ulceration of the ear. Othematoma (of-hem-at-o’-mah) [oig, ear; aſpia, blood; ôua, tumor; pl., Othematomata]. Hematoma of the external ear, usually the pinna; hematoma auris. The condition is not rare in insane persons, whence its name “ insane ear.” It is probably a trophic le- SIOIl. Othemorrhea (5t-hem-or-e'-ah) [oic, ear; alua, blood; bota, flow]. A sanguineous discharge from the ear. Otheoscope (o'-the-o-sköp) [Öffeiv, to part ; akoſſeiv, to view]. An instrument somewhat like a radiometer. Othydrops (o-thi/-drops) [otic, ear; Wöpoºl, dropsy]. Dropsy of the tympanic cavity. Othypersarcoma (o-thi-per-sar-ko’-mah) [oig, ear; irrép, above; odp;, flesh ; Śpia, tumor: pl., Othy- persarcomata]. A fleshy outgrowth from the ear. Otiater (o'-te-a-ter) [oig, ear; tatáp, surgeon]. An aural surgeon. Otiatric (o-te-at’-rik) [oic, ear; latip, surgeon]. taining to the treatment of diseases of the ear. Otiatrics (o-te-at’-riás) [oic, ear; latāp, surgeon]. The study of diseases of the ear and their treatment. Otic (o'-tié) [ÖTukóc, from otic, ear]. Pertaining to the ear. O. Ganglion. See Ganglion. O. Vesicle. See Veszcle. Oticodinia (o-tić-o-dim/-e-ah) [Örikóg, otic; 6ivoc, ver- tigo]. Vertigo from disease of the ear; Ménière's disease; also, labyrinthine vertigo, as a symptom of Ménière’s disease. Oticodinosis (o-tić-o-din-o/-sis). See Oſicodinia. Otidium (o-tid’-e-um) [oig, ear; pl., Otidia]. In biology, the auditory organ or otocyst of the Moſ/usca. Otitis (o-ti’-tis) [oic, ear; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the ear. O., Catarrhal, catarrhal inflamma- tion of the middle ear. O., Desquamative, a pro- liferation and thickening of the epidermic layer of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane. The epithelium becomes desºluamated and lies in the canal. O., Diphtheric, a pseudo-membranous in- flammation of the middle ear, sometimes also of the external canal, due to extension of diphtheria from Per- OTIYINDIMBA the throat. O. externa ; O. interna ; O, media; inflammation of the external, internal, and middle ear, respectively. O., Furuncular, the formation of Small furuncles in the external auditory canal. O. labyrinthica, inflammation of the labyrinth. Its symptoms resemble those of meningitis; it is not fatal, but leads to permanent deafness. O. mycosa. Syno- nym of O. Aarasitica. O. parasitica, inflammation of the external or middle ear from the presence of parasites, A/yiasis attrium. O. phlegmonosa, acute Otitis with suppuration. O. purulenta chronica, chronic inflammation of the middle ear, with per- sistent discharge. O., Sclerotic, chronic catarrhal otitis media, with thickening and hardening of the tissues. Otiyindimba (o-te’-e-in-dim’-ba/) [nat. African]. A pustular dermatitis prevalent in Damaraland. * Oto- (o’-(o-) [oig, gem., Ötóg, ear]. A prefix signify- ing connection with, or relation to, the ear. - Otoblenorrhea (o/-to-blem-or-e'-ah) [oic, ear; £2.Évva, mucus; hoia, flow]. Any abnormal discharge of mucus from the ear. Otocatarrh (o'-to-kat-ar/) [oic, ear; Katábboç, catarrhj. Catarrh of the ear. Otocell (o'-to-sel) [oig (Öt-), ear; Ražtá, a hut: pl., OtocelliJ. In biology, an auditory sac or cell, as in the Aydro-medusae. Otocephalus (o-to-sef’-a/-us) [oic, ear; Kepaž%, head]. I. A species of single autositic monsters characterized by an absence or a rudimentary condition of the lower jaw, with ill-development of the mouth, which may be merely a minute orifice, and an approach of the ears to each other, which may touch at their lower parts or even be united. It is a very rare condition in the human species, but is not infrequent among sheep. 2. A variety of the foregoing species in which there is some degree of synopsia, the maxillae and mouth being distinct, and a proboscis wanting. Otocerebritis (o’-to-ser-e-Ari'-tis) ſolic, ear; cerebrum, brain; itic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the brain from disease of the ear. Otocleisis (o-to-Ali’-sis) [oig, ear; KWeiotç, closure]. Occlusion of the ear. Otoconia (o-to-Ko/-ne-a/.). Plural of Otoconium. Otoconial (o-to-Ko/-me-al) [oig, ear; kóvuç, dust]. Per- taining to, or of the nature of, otoconia. Otoconite (o-to/-o-nit). Synonym of Otoconium. Otoconium (o-to-ko’-ne-um) [oig (67-), ear; kóvig, dust: pl., Otoconia]. In biology, one of the gritty particles or minute otoliths from the membranous labyrinth of higher vertebrates. Otocrane, Otocranium (o'-to-Arān, o-to-Ara/-me-um) [oic, ear; Kpavíov, skull]. The cavity of the skull holding the organ of hearing. Otocranial, Otocranic (o-to-Ara/-ne-a/, o-to-Ara/-mik) [oic, ear; Kpavíov, skull]. Pertaining to the oto- Cra.In C. Otocyst (o'-to-sist) [oic, ear; Küotic, bladder]. In biology, an auditory vesicle, otocell, or otidium in in- vertebrates, or an otolithic sac in vertebrates. Otocystic (o-to-sis/-tić) [oig, ear; Küotic, a cyst]. Per- taining to an otocyst. Otodynia (o-to-din/-e-ah) [oic, ear; 600Vn, pain]. Pain in the ear. Otoganglion (o-to-gang/-gle-on). See Gang/ion, Otic. Otoglyphis (o-tog/-läf-is) [oig, ear; YZüpetv, to scrape]. An ear-spoon. Otography (o-tog/-ra-ſe) [oic, ear; Ypáſpelv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the ear. - Otoiatry (o-to-i/-at-re). Synonym of Oñatrics. Otolite (o/-to-lit) [oic, ear; Žitoc, stone]. Same as O/o/ith. 950 OTOPORPA I. A cal- Otolith (o'-to-lit) [oic, ear; Aibog, stone]. careous concretion within the mem- branous labyrinth of the ear of fishes, in fish-like verte- brates. and in the auditory vesicles of invertebrates 2. One of the otic bones proper. An OtOStlon. - Otolithic, Otolitic (o-to-lith/-ik, o-to- lif/-ä) [oig, ear; Wibog, stone]. Per- taining to an oto- lith. Otologist (o-tol/-o- fist) [oig, ear; Żóyog, science]. One versed in otol- SECTION OF WALL OF UTRICLE OF THE INTERNAL EAR, through macu- lar region, from rabbit, showing otoliths (o), embedded within gran- ular substance (g). h Ciliated-cells with processes (?), extending pe- tween sustentacular elements (s). m. Nerve-fibers within fibrous tissue (l) passing toward hair-cells and becoming non-medullated at base- e ment-membrane. (After Piersol.) Ogy ; an aurist. Otology (o-to/-o-je) [oic, ear; 26 yog, science]. The Science of the ear, its anatomy, functions, diseases, and treatment. - - Otomyces (o-tom/-is-22) [oic, ear; uíkſſc, fungus]. A fungous growth within the ear. O. hageni, a fungus, with green conidia, sometimes found in the external canal of the ear. O. purpureus, a dark-red fungous growth in the ear. - Otomycosis (o'-to-mi-ko/-sis) [oic, ear; uíkmg, fungus]. The growth of fungi within the ear, or the diseased condition associated with such a condition. Otoncus (o-tong/-Aus) [oic, ear; bykoç, tumor]. A Swelling or tumor of the ear. Otonecronectomy (o/-to-nek-ro-me}/-go-me) [oic, ear; vekpóg, dead; Śktopff, excision]. Surgical removal of necrosed sound-conductors from the ear. Otoneuralgia (o-to-nu-ra/-je-ah). Synonym of Otal- 262. Otopathema (o-to-path-e'-mah) [oic, ear; Táðmua, an at- tack of sickness]. A disease of the ear. Otopathic (o-to-path/-ić) [oic, an ear; Tá60ç, disease]. Pertaining to ear-disease. Otopathy (o-ſop/-aſh-e) [oig, ear; Táboc, disease]. Any affection of the ear. Otopharyngeal (o-to-far-in/-je-al) [oic, ear; pāpw);, pharynx]. Pertaining to the ear and the pharynx. O. Tube, the Eustachian tube. Otophone (o'-to-ſon) [oic, ear; pová, voice]. I. An ear-trumpet, or other device for gathering and inten- sifying sound-waves. 2. An auscultating tube used in ear-diseases. . . Otophthalmic (o-toff-tha/-mik) [oic, ear; 940a2uóg, eye]. Pertaining to the ear and the eye. Otopiesis (o-to-pi/-es-is) [oic, ear; Tieguc, pressure]. Excessive pressure upon the labyrinth, with consequent deafness. Depression of the tympanic membrane by atmospheric pressure, owing to the rarefaction of the air within the tympanic cavity. Otoplasty (o/-to-plas-fe) [oig, ear; Thäooety, to form]. The operation of repairing certain lesions of the external ear by the engrafting of healthy tissue from Some other part of the body; plastic surgery of the ear. Otoplexiometer (o-to-pleſs-e-o/-eſ-er) [oic, ear; Tºfftc, percussion; uétpov, measure]. An instrument for examining the concealed portions of the ear by per- cussion. Otoporpa (o-to-por’-pah) [oig, ear; Tôpirm, a buckle : p/., Oropoſpac). In biology, one of the “auditory clasps” of Medusae. - º OTOPYORRHEA Otopyorrhea (o-to-pi-or-e'-ah) [oic, ear ; Tüov, pus; bota, a flow]. A purulent discharge from the ear. Otopyosis (o-to-pi/-o-sis) [oic, ear; triov, pus]. Sup- puration within the ear. Otorrhagia (o-tor-a/-je-ah) [oig, ear; hryvövat, to burst forth]. A discharge of blood from the external audi- tory meatus. " . . . . . . Otorrhea (o-tor-e'-ah) [oic, ear; bota, a flow]. A dis- charge from the external auditory meatus. . Otorrheumatismus (o-tor-ru-mat-iz/-mus) [oic, ear; heiſua, rheum]. Pain in the ear due to rheumatism. Otosalpinx (o-to-sa/-pinks) [oic, ear; odºtrºyś, tube]. The Eustachian tube. . . . • - Otoscleronectomy (o-to-skle-ro-meš/-to-me) [oic, ear; okAmpóg, hard; Śkrouſ, excision]. The surgical re- moval of sclerosed and ankylosed conductors of Sound in cases of chronic otitis media. . Otoscope (o'-to-shop) [oic, ear; aroſtěiv, to examine]. An instrument for examining the ear. What is ordi- narily called and used as an otoscope is a rubber, tube, one extremity of which is inserted into the ear of the subject, and the other extremity into the ear of the examiner, a current of air being passed by means of a Politzer bag and a Eustachian catheter through the middle ear. In case of tympanic perfora- tion the rushing sound made by the passing air is audi- ble to the examiner. - Otoscopic (o-to-skop/-ä) [oic, ear; oroteiv, to view]. Pertaining to otoscopy. Otoscopy (o-tosſ-ko-pe) [oic, ear; groteiv, to examine]. The use of the otoscope; clinical examination of the €2.1°, - - - Otosis (o-to/-sis) ſolic, ear]. A mishearing; a false im- pression as to sounds or words heard. Otosteal (o-tos/-te-al) [oic, ear; botéov, bone]. taining to the bones of the ear. Otosteon (o-tos/-te-on) [oic, ear; botéov, bone : £4, Otos- tea]. I. An ossicle, or ear-bone. 2. An otolith. Otostylic (o-to-st;/-lić) [oic, ear; otiñoc, pillar]. Relating to the ear and to the styloid process. Ototechnos (o-to-tek/-nos) [oic, ear; Tāzvm, art]. A peculiar hammlering sensation in the ear. Ototomy (o-tot/co-me) [oic, ear; topiń, a cutting]. Dis- section of the ear. Ottar, Otto (o/-ar, ot/-o). See Attar. Otto's Restraining Band. A band used in diaphrag- matic pleurisy to relieve the pain. It is applied low down to favor thoracic respiration and diminish the abdominal and diaphragmatic movements. Ouabain (oo-ah-ba/-īn) [ouabaio), Cs1HisO2. A highly poisonous glucosid extracted from the wood of a species of Apocynea, the Carissa schimperi. It is a cardiac stimulant. Dose, gr. sºoo to gº, given as a per mille solution. . Ouabaio (oo-ah-ſa/yo) [native African]. A virulent arrow-poison used by certain African tribes. Oudemann’s Method. A method of estimating iron in organic substances, e.g., hemoglobin. A weighed amount of the material is incinerated; the ash is dis- solved in HCl, and to the dilute ferric solution, which should not contain more than O. I to O.2 gram Fe in Ioo c. c., nor much free HCl, are added 3 c. c. of a one per cent. Solution of cupric sulphate, 2 c. c. of concentrated HCl, and I c. c. of a one per cent. Solu- tion of potassium sulphocyanid. The mixture is slightly warmed, and a standard solution of sodium thiosulphate (I c. c. of a decinormal solution of which corresponds to o.ooš6 Fe) is run in from a buret, until the pre- viously fed mixture becomes as colorless as water. Oulacho” (ooº-lak-on). See Eulachon. Oulitis (et li/-ſis). See Ulitis. Ouloid { 90’-loia) [oi%ff, scar; eiðoç, like]. Resembling Per- 951 OVARIOMANIA a scar. Also, a form of cicatrix characteristic of lupus, elephantiasis, and syphilis. Oulorrhagia (oo-lor-a/-je-a/.) [oiſ?ov, gum ; finyvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the gums. Ounce (owns) [uncia, a contraction of undecia, a twelfth part]. A twelfth part of the Troy pound, or 48o grains; symbol, 3. Also, a sixteenth part of the avoirdupois pound, or 437.5 grains. Symbol oz. Ourari (oo-rah'-re). Same as Curare. Ourology (oo-ro/-o-je) [oipov, urine; 7.6).oc, science]. The science of the nature and secretion of urine. Ouroscopy (oo-rosſ-Åo-pe). See Oroscopy. Out (owt) LME., out, out]. Forth; from within to the exterior. O.-cast Cell, an apoblast; in the unim- pregnated ovum, one of a group of cells that are finally cast off and disappear. See Apoblasé. O.- knee, bow-leg; valgus. Outlet. I. The lower aperture of the pelvic canal. 2. The passage that removes the air from a room in ven- tilation. O. of Pelvis. See Ozttlet. Ova (o’-wah) [L.J. Plural of ovum, an egg. Oval (o'-val) [ovum, egg]. Elliptic; egg-shaped. O. Amputation. See Malgaigne’s and Scoutettin’s Am- putations, in Operations, Table of. Ovalbumin (o-val/-bu-min) [ovum, egg; albumin]. The albumin of the egg. Ovalescent (o-val-es’-ent) [ovalis, oval]. oval. Ovaliform (o-val/-äf-orm) [ovalis, oval ; forma, form]. Oval-shaped. Ovaloid (o'-val-oid) [ovalis, oval; eiðoc, like]. Re- sembling an oval. . Ovaralgia (o-var-a/-je-ah). See Ovariałgia. Ovarial (o-va/-re-al). See Ovarian. Ovarialgia (o-va-re-a/-je-ah) [ovarium, an ovary; à?yoc, pain]. Pain in the ovaries. Ovarialgic (o-va-re-a/-jiè) [ovarium, ovary; d'Ayoc, pain]. Pertaining to, or affected with, ovarialgia. Ovarian (o-va/-re-an) [ovarium, an ovary]. Pertain- ing to the ovaries. O. Center. See Dysmemorrhea. O. Cyst, O. Cystoma, a cystic tumor of an ovary. O. Dysmenorrhea. See Dysmemorrhea. O. Plexus, the pampiniform plexus of the female. O. Preg- nancy, extra-uterine pregnancy in which the ovum resides in the ovary. O. Vesicle, in biology, the gynophore or female gonophore of a polyp. Ovaric (o-va/-rić). Synonym of Ovarian. Ovariectomy (o-va-re-ek/-to-me) [ ovarium, ovary; éktopuff, excision]. Excision of an ovary; oëphorec- tomy. Ovariocele (0-va/-re-o-sel) [ovarium, ovary; kółm, tumor]. Tumor of the ovary; hernia of an ovary. O., Vaginal, invasion of the vaginal wall by one or both ovaries. Ovariocentesis (o-va-re-o-sen-te/-sis) [ozarium, ovary; Kévt/oug, puncture]. Puncture of the ovary or of an ovarian cyst. Ovarioclasis (o-va-re-oš/-las-is) [ ovarium, ovary; Käägtg, a breaking]. The breaking up of an ovary. Ovariocyesis (o-va/-re-o-si-e'-sis) [ovarium, ovary; Kömolç, pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy. - Ovariodysneuria (o-va/-re-o-dis-nue/-re-a/.) [ozarium, ovary; 6vç-, painful; veipov, nerve]. Ovarian neu- ralgia. Ovario-hysterectomy (o-va/- re-o-his-fer-ek’-to-me) [ovarium, ovary; ioTépa, womb ; Śktopuff, excision]. Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus. Ovariole (o-va/-re-à!) [ovarioſum, a small ovary]. In biology, a small ovary, or one of the elements of a composite ovary. Ovariomania (o-va-re-o-ma/-ne-ah). Oöphoromania. Somewhat Synonym of OVARIONCUS 952 Ovarioncus (o-va-re-ong/-kus) [ovarium, ovary; bykoç, tumor]. An ovarian tumor. Ovariorrhexis (o-va - re-or-eks’- is) [ovarium, ovary; bāśtſ, rupture]. Rupture of an ovary. Ovariosteresis (o-va-re-o-ster-eſ-sis) [ovarium, ovary; otépmotç, depriva-. tion]. Extirpation of an ovary. Ovariotomist (o-va - re-of/- or mist) [ovarium, ovary; topiń, a cutting]. One who performs ovariotomy and, by extension, also oëphorectomy. Ovariotomy (o-va-re-of/-o-me) [ovari- zºm, ovary; touff, a cutting]. Liter- ally, incision of an ovary. Improp- erly, the surgical removal of an ovary; synonymous with oëphorec- OVARY may be regarded as excretory organs which have entered into the service of the genital organ. These ducts (oviducts) become provided with appendages or tomy. O., Abdominal, ovariotomy POSTERIOR ASPECT OF FEMALE INTERNAL GENITALIA. through an abdominal incision. O., tion, Q. v. in Operations, Table of O., Vaginal, removal of an ovary through an incision in the vault of the vagina. Ovario-tubal (o-va/-re-o-tu/-bal)[ovarium, ovary; tuba, tube]. Pertaining to the ovary and the oviduct. Ovarism (o’-war-izm) [ovarium, ovary]. The theory that every animal organism is developed from an ovum. Ovarist (o’-war-ist) [ovarium, ovary]. One who be- lieves in ovarism. Ovaritis (o-var-i/-tis) [ovarium, ovary; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the substance of an ovary. It may be Parenchymatous or Follicular, or /nterstițial. In the former, the contents of the ovarian follicles become turbid and then purulent. This occurs in the acute exanthemata and other diseases, and cannot be recognized clinically. Interstitial ovaritis is usu- ally a sequel of parturition, when it is a part of a general septicemia. It occurs in three forms: (1) serous ; (2) suppurative or hemorrhagic; and (3) ne- crotic, the organ being converted into a brown pulp with entire destruction of its tissue. Ovarium (o-va/-re-um) [L., ovary; pl., Ovaria]. In biology, an ovary or oëphoron. Ovariypertrophy (o-var-e-ip-er/-tro-fe). Synonym of Oöphorauxe. Ovary (o'-var-e) [ovarius, an egg-keeper; ovarium, an egg-producing organ ; ovum, egg]. The most in- portant part of the female reproductive apparatus. A glandular, secreting organ, giving rise to ova. In woman it is a paired organ projecting from the pos- terior surface of the broad ligament. Its weight is about IOO grains. The right is usually a little larger than the left. It consists of a parenchyma and a cap- sule, or tunica albuginea. In the cortex of the former are numbers of small vesicles called ovisacs or Graafian follicles in which the ova are developed. In biology, among the lower organisms (e. g., Paramecium) the nucleus gives rise to bodies analogous to ovules, while in animals a grade higher, the undifferen- tiated endoderm or mesoderm is the female germinal layer (e.g., Porifera). Specialization follows localiza- tion of function, and the parts of the body set aside for the production of ova gradually take the form of glands (germaria, ovaria), the products of which may become detached from the spot where they are formed, and pass into the somatic or body-cavity, or into the digestive sac (e.g., Actina, Polyzoa, Brachyopoda), or even directly to the exterior (e.g., Echinidea, Proc- tucha, Memertea). Gradually, as the animal scale is ascended, ducts of a complicated character are found to be added to the ovary proper. These ducts are not primitively connected with the germinal glands, but I. Body of uterus. Normal, a term for Battey's opera- ºp. tube. 2, 2. Ovaries. 3. Left oviduct. 4 Fimbriated extremity of 5, 5. Broad ligaments. 6. Anterior vaginal cul-de-sac. dilatations from which the ova get special envelops (“yelé gland,” “shell gland,” “oviducal gland,” “midamental gland,” “accessory gland”), are fer- tilized (spermatheca, appendicular gland, fertilizing £ouch), or further developed (uterus). The relation of the ovary to the testis varies greatly, and must also be considered from the standpoint of differentiation. In the lower animals, male and female reproductive ſº § £º §§ §§§ § ! w * - § º, ! £ºšš. ãº; §§§ § º:§ § §§ :º: § §§§ º §ſiſ, § % §/ § § §/ § % & º º §§§ *ś § º s& %ftº É | §... .º. § l § Sº sº § sº § §§- b išćSN 3ºğ *) ** - § - º § ź. §§§ º - 38% º Ø SººYºMº % ºf a º ſ/ is ſº wº § * D 2 § % * zºº 㺠㺠§§ % w SECTION of CoRTEx OF CAT's Ovary, Exhibiting LARGE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES. a. Peripheral zone of condensed stroma. b. Groups of imma- ture follicles. c. Theca of follicle. d. Membrana granu- losa. e. Discus proligerus. f. Zona pellucida. g. Vitellus. h. Germinal vesicle. i. Germinal spot. A. Cavity of liquor folliculi. (After Piersol.) glands are so united with one another, that one and the same gland produces both spermatozoa and ova (“hermaphrodite gland,” “ovotestis,” as in Synaſta, Helix, Hyalaºa, etc.). Thus, hermaphroditism is the º OWATE primitive condition of the sexual apparatus, the phylo- genic and ontogenic precursor of sexual differentiation, which is effected by the abortion or reduction of one kind of sexual apparatus and function taking place at very different stages in the organism, and often when the sexual organs have attained a very high degree of specialization, the human ovary becoming histologi- cally recognizable about the sixth week, and readily distinguished in a three-months embryo. 2. That part of the pistil of a flower which produces and con- tains the ovules and seeds. The ovarium or ger- marium. O., Irritable, an ovary the seat of inter- mittent neuralgic pain. Ovate (o'-vát) (ovatus, egg-shaped]. Egg-shaped. Oven (uv/-n) [oven, an oven]... An apparatus used in bacteriologic laboratories for sterilizing culture-media, for maintaining the cultures, etc., at a constant temper- ature by an automatic mechanism. Those of Koch, Pasteur, d’Arsonval, and Babes are most used. Over (o'-ver) [ME., over, over]. In a place higher than a given object. O.-crowding, the dwelling to- gether of too many persons in a locality, house, or apartment, with the consequent failure in sanitary and hygienic arrangements, whence result conditions favor- able to the development and spread of certain diseases. O.-eat, to surfeit with eating. O.-feed, to feed to excess. O.-grown, grown too large. O.-laid, said of a child suffocated by the parent lying on it. O.-lying of Children, a frequent cause of death in infants from Suffocation from one of the parents lying upon the child while in an intoxicated condition or intention- ally. O.-maximal, beyond the normal maximum, as the over-maximal contraction of a muscle. (Fick.) O.-pressure, applied chiefly to the school-system that forces too long and continuous periods of study upon the pupils, with consequent unhealthy conditions of mind and body. O.-reach, to strike the toe of the hind-foot against the heel or shoe of the fore-foot; said of a horse. O.-riding, overlapping of the broken ends of a fractured bone. O.-sight. See Hyperme- tropia. O.-strain, to strain to excess; a condition resulting from exhausting effort. O.-toe, a variety of Aallux varus in which the great toe overlies its fellows. O.-tones, the notes represented by the vibrating sub- divisions of a string ; harmonics. O.-work, Mental. See Parathymia. Ovic (o/-vilé) [ºjów, ovum, an egg]. Relating to an ovum. O. Cell, in biology, a primitive ovum (the Urei of German authors). Primitive ova exist in great num- bers in cord-like ingrowths of the epithelium of the ovary (P/?iger'schen Schläuche) in which each ovic cell finally becomes surrounded by a separate envelop of epithelial cells, forming the primordial follicle. Ovicapsule (o-vić-ap'-sāl) [96v, ovum, egg; capsula, capsule]. An egg-case, ovisac, or Graafian follicle. Ovicell (o'-vis-el) [ºjóv, ovum, an egg; cella, a cell]. I. An unimpregnated ovum. 2. Same as Ovicyst. Ovicyst (o'-vis-àst)[96v, ovum, an egg; Küotic, a pouch]. In biology, the incubatory pouch of an ascidian or polyzoan. Ovicystic (o-vis-is'-tić) [96v, ovum, an egg; kio Tig, a bladder]. Pertaining to an ovicyst. Oviducal (o-vid-u/-ka/), Oviducent (o-ve-du/-sent) [Óðv, ovum, egg; ducere, to lead]. Pertaining to the oviduct, or its functions. O. Gland, an enlargement of the oviduct in Sepia. Oviduct (o'-vid-uk) [Ö6v, ovum, egg; ductus, a canal]. The Fallopian tube; a small tube upon either side of the uterus through which the ovule passes to the uterus. O., Ampulla of, O., Pavilion of, the expanded portion of the abdominal end of the oviduct, the fringed edge of which is called the finbria. 953 OVOPLASM Oviferous (o-vif/-er-us) [%u, ovum, an egg; ferre, to bear]. In biology, bearing eggs or ova. Ovification (o-viſ-à-a/-shun) [36v, ovum, egg; facere, to make]. The production of ova. Oviform (o'-viſ-orm) [%u, ovum, egg; forma, form]. Egg-shaped; oval. Ovigenous (o-zij/-em-us) [36V, ovum, egg; Yevåg, pro- ducing]. Producing ova, as an ovary. O. Layer, the outer layer of the ovary, in which the ovisacs contain- ing the ova are situated. Ovigerm (o'-vij-erm) [Góv, ovum, an egg; germen, sprout, bud]. In biology, an ovum, or ovicell. Ovigerous (o-vij/-er-us) [96v, ovum, egg ; gerere, to carry]. Producing eggs or ova; oviferous, ovigenous, oviparous. Ovination (o-vin-a/-shun) [ovis, a sheep.]. Inoculation with the virus of sheep-pox. It has been employed like equination and Pasteurism, as a substitute for vaccination. Oviparous (o-vip/-ar-us) [ºjów, ovum, egg; parere, to bring forth]. Producing, or laying, eggs; a term ap- plied to those species of animals, the females of which bring forth their young in the egg-stage of develop- ment; incubated outside the body, as distinguished from ovoziviparous, or viviparous. Oviposit (o-vip-oz/-it) [36v, ovum, an egg; positus, p.p. of ponere, lay]. In biology, to lay or deposit eggs, especially with an ovipositor, as an insect. Oviposition (o-vip-o-zish/-um) [Ö6v, ovum, egg; £onere, to place]. In biology, the act of laying or deposit- ing eggs by the females of oviparous animals. Ovipositor (o-vip-oz/-it-or) [96v, ovum, egg; positor, builder]. In biology, an organ, common among insects, composed of several modified rings or somites, forming the end of the abdomen, and employed in de- positing the eggs in places fit for development. Ovis (o'-vis) [L.]. Sheep. Ovisac (o'-vis-aſſ) [36v, ovum, egg; saccus, sack]. In biology, the capsule, sac, cyst, case, cell, or pod of an individual ovum; a Graafian follicle, an ovicell, ovi- cyst, ovicapsule. Oviscapt (o'-vis-Aapí) [636 v, ovum, an egg; graſſtetv, to digl. Same as Ovipositor. Ovism (o'-vizm) [36v, ovum, egg]. The doctrine that the ovum encloses within itself in an undeveloped form all the organs of the future being; the doctrine of Incasement, g. v. Ovispermary (o-vis-per’-mar-e) [36v, ovum, an egg; spermarium, spermary]. In biology, an ovotestis or sexual organ producing both ova and spermatozoa. Ovist (o'-vist) [96v, ovum, egg]. In biology, an ad- herent of the doctrine of incasement, 7. z. , an ovulist. Ovoblast (o'-vo-blast) [%v, ovum, ovum; BZagróg, germ]. The primordial ovum. Ovococcus (o-vo-Koź/-us) [6.6v, ovum, egg; Kókkoç, berry: £7, Ozococci J. In biology, the nucleus of the owicell, or unimpregnated ovum. Ovogenesis (o-vo-jen’-es-is) [96v, ovum, egg; Yévêqug, genesis]. The process of the development or pro- duction of the ovum. Ovogenetic (o-vo-jen-et/-ié) [36V, ozium, egg; yetnāv, to beget]. Pertaining to ovogenesis. Ovogenous (o-voj/-en-us). Synonym of Ozogenetic. Ovoid (o'-void) [961, ovum, egg; eiðog, like]. Egg. shaped. O., Fetal, the fetal ellipse, or the ellipse formed by the bending of the fetal body in utero. Ovolemma (o-vo-'em/-ah) [ºjów, ovum, egg; Aéupta, bark]. The membrane surrounding the yolk of the human egg. º Ovology (o-vol’-o-je) [36v, ovum, egg; Aóyoc, science]. Same as Oölogy. Ovoplasm (o'-vo-plagm) [476v, ovum, egg; Tââoua, OVOTESTICULAR plasm]. or ovicell. - - Ovotesticular (o-vo-tes-tik/-u-lar) [6%p, ovum, egg; testis, testicle]. Pertaining to an Owoſestis. Ovotestis (o-vo-tes’-(is) [ºjów, ovum, egg; testis, testicle: pl., Ovotestes]. In biology, a generative organ produc- ing both male and female products; an ovispermary, as seen in opisthobranchiate Branchiogasteropoda. Ovoviviparity (o-vo-vi. viſ-ar/-it-e) [ºjów, ovum, egg; viviparus, bringing forth alive]. The character of being ovoviviparous. - - - Ovoviviparous (o-vo-vi-zip’-ar-us) [96v, ovum, egg; viviparus, bringing forth alive]. In biology, repro- ducing by means of eggs incubated within the body, as distinguished from oviparous and viviparous. Ovula (o'-vu-/a/.) [L.]. Plural of Ovulum. Naboth. See Ozze/e. - Ovular, Ovulary (o'-vu-lar, o/-vu-lar-e) [66v, ovum, egg]. Relating to an ovule or ovum. Ovulate (o/-vu-'at) [ovulum, a little egg]. In biology, to produce ovules or discharge them from the ovary. Ovuliferous. . . Ovulation (o-vu-la/-shum)[ovulum, dim. of ovum, egg]. The maturation and escape of the ovum. Ovule (o'-vii/) [ºjów, ovum, egg]. In biology: (a) A small ovum or animal egg; (6)a young or rudimentary seed. O., External Migration of, the transfer of an ovule from the right ovary to the left oviduct, or from the left ovary to the right oviduct. O., Membrana granulosa of, the layer of stratified follicular epithe- lium lining the cavity of the ovisac. The prominence formed at one side is called the cumulus ovigerus, or discus proligerus. O., Migration of, the transfer of the ovule from the ovary to the oviduct. O. of Naboth, one of the small cysts resulting from obstruc- tion of the ducts of the glands of the cervix of the uterus. O., Polar Cells of, certain cells thrown off upon the surface of the vitellus of the unimpreg- nated ovum. O., or Cell, Primordial, one of the primitive ovules in the substance of the ovary. O., Tunica granulosa of, the layer surrounding the OVUIII]. - Ovuliferous (o-vu-/if'-er-us) [ovulum, a little egg; an ovule; ferre, to bear]. In biology, ovule-bearing. Ovuligerous (o-vu-liff’-er-us). Same as Ovuliferous. Ovulist (o'-vu-list) [66w, ovum, an egg]. In biology, an adherent of the doctrine of incasement, 7. v., an ovist. - Ovulum (o'-vu-lum) [L. : pl., Ovula]. An ovule. See Oz/zz/e. Ovum (o'-vum) [66v, ovum, an egg: Ž, Oval. In biology, the female reproductive cell of an animal; the egg. It consists of protoplasm (the yolk), and a nucleus (the germinal vesicle) in the unfertilized ovum. It is either naked or covered by one or more membranes and envelops, which either originate from the egg itself, constituting real primary yolk or egg-integuments, or from the surrounding parietal tissues, constituting sec- ondary or accessory egg-envelops. Ova arise in special organs of the metazoan body called ovaria or germaria. The mucleus or germinal vesicle (vesicula germinativa) is of relatively great size, and central or peripheral in situation. It consists of a distinct membrane and an en- closed nuclear ſluid, in which lie one or more solid nucleoli or germinal spots (maculae germinativa), which may be connected by an intranuclear network of fine threads. The protoſ/asm consists of fine, firm particles, forming the threads and meshes of a fine network, the spongioplasm, within which is the more fluid hyaloplasm. This constitutes the formative yo/4, besides which there is frequently present nutrient material in the form of drops of ſat or oil, and small plates or spheres which The protoplasm of the unimpregnated ovum O. of 954 OXALETHY LIN form the deuteroplasm, or nutritive yolk. This is rarely absent; usually it is present in considerable quantity. Eggs are distinguished as (A) Alecithal, in which the food-yolk is entirely absent, or present only in very small quantity. (B) Telolecithal, in which the food- yolk and the formative yolk divide the egg into two hemispheres, called respectively the vegetative and the anima/, or in which the quantity of the nutritive yolk is greatly in excess, the formative yolk being but a seg- ment or mass at the animal pole, in which lies the germ- inal vesicle. In both cases a thin layer of protoplasm spreads over the entire surface of the ovum. (C) Centrolecithal, in which the formative yolk is ar- ranged in a regular layer around the whole ovum, as well as in a mass at the center of the ovum in which lies the germinal vesicle. The region between the central and the peripheral formative yolk is more or less completely occupied by deuteroplasm. The distri- bution of formative yolk and food-yolk affects the germ- inative phenomena. When the food-yolk is scant and more or less thoroughly intermingled with the forma- tive yolk, germination is accompanied by a practically uniform segmentation and the egg is called holoblastic, e.g., as in all mammals except monotremes, and in some invertebrates, e.g., spiders. When the formative yolk and the food-yolk are separated into more or less well-defined masses, the segmentation is less symmetric and uniform and is called meroblastic. The egg en- velops are divided into: (1) Primary envelops, yolk- membranes; these are sometimes double, perforated by numerous pores (zona radiata) and occasionally there is a special opening, the micropyle. (2) Secondary acces- sory envelops, some of which are formed by the ovum itself. O., Apoplectic, one the seat of a hemorrhagic extravasation. O., Blighted, an impregnated ovum the development of which has been arrested by disease or by hemorrhage into the chorion or amniotic cavity. O.-cycle, an ovum-product. O., Male, certain cells found in diverticula of the seminiferous tubules, considered to be rudimentary or imperfect spermato- zoa. O., Meroblastic, an ovum with a large amount of food-yolk which takes no active part in the devel- opment of the embryo. O., Permanent, the fully developed ovum capable of being fertilized. O., Pri- mordial. See Egg-cells. O.-product, the whole product of an ovum. Owen’s Fissures. See Fissures, Table of O.'s Line. See Zines, Zable of Ox (oks) [ME., oxe, ox]. The adult male of the Bos ſaurus, a bull. O.-acid. Same as Oxyacid. O.- bile. Same as O.-gall. O.-eyed, having large, full eyes. O.-fly, the bot-fly (Hypoderma bovis), which infests cattle. O.-foot, in farriery, the hind foot of a horse when the horn cleaves just in the middle of the fore part of the hoof from the coronet to the shoe. O.-gall. See Fe/ bovis. O.-warble, a fly trouble- some to cattle; also called heel-fly. See Hypoderma bovis under Parasites (Animal), Table of Oxalantin (oks-a/-an/-tän) [Öğüç, acid ; Ger., alanſ, elecampane], CºHº NOs. Leukoturic acid; an acid obtained by the action of zinc and HCl upon oxalyl urea. It occurs in crystalline crusts, sparingly soluble in water. Oxalate (oks/-a/-ät) [b$ažíc, sorrel]. Any salt of oxalic acid. In the plural, the term usually refers to calcium oxalate, which is found in the urine under certain con- ditions. Oxalemia (oks - al-eſ- me - ah) [bºažíg, sorrel; blood]. the blood. Oxalethylin (oks-a/-eth/-iſ-in) [b%g, acid; al?%p, ether; ižm, matter], CºHo N. An oily liquid boiling at alpua, Excess of the oxalates, or of oxalic acid, in OXALIC 213°C. It is soluble in water, in chloroform, and in al- cohol, is poisonous, and stimulant to the cardiac centers. Oxalic (oks-a/-ä) [óšažíg, sorrel]. Pertaining to wood- sorrel. See Acid, Oxalic. - - Oxalimid (oks - al/- im - id.) [8;ažíg, sorrel; amin), (CO),NH. A substance obtained from oxamic acid. It dissolves with difficulty in cold water and crystallizes from hot water in Shining needles. Oxalis (oks/-a/-is) [Öğañíg, Sorrel]. A genus of plants, including the plant familiarly known as wood-sorrel (O. acetosella). Many of the species contain oxalic acid. Oxalmethylin (ofts-al-meth/-iſ-in) [6éažic, sorrel; uetá, with ; tām, matter], C, HSN. A substance identical with methyl glyoxalin ; it is a strongly alkaline liquid, boiling at I95–199° C. It solidifies in the cold, afīd melts at 5° C. - Oxalpropylin (oks-a/-pro’-pil-in) [8;ažic, sorrel; Tpā- tog, first; triov, fat]. A compound from propyl and ox- amid. . It stimulates reflex activity. - Oxaluria (oks-al-u/-re-ah) [Öğažíg, sorrel; oipov, urine]. A term used to indicate the presence of calcium ox- alate in the urine in an undue amount. There is a white deposit on standing. It occurs in the urine of hypochondriacal and depressed patients, and in that of gouty patients. Excessive venery and masturba- tion will produce it, as also will the ingestion of certain foods, as rhubarb. Oxaluric (oks-al-u/-rié) [Öğažíg, sorrel; oipov, urine]. Derived from urea and oxalic acid. O. Acid, C, H,- 9 * 5 o N2O, ; an acid normally present in the urine ; it occurs . as a white or yellowish crystalline powder, having an acid taste. Oxalyl (oks/-al-il) [8;ažíc, sorrel; Wm, matter], C.O. The hypothetic radicle of oxalic acid. Oxalyurea (oks-al-e-u-re/-ah) [Öğažic, sorrel; oipov, urine]. Parabanic acid. An acid derived by oxidiz- ing uric acid or alloxan with nitric acid. Oxamate (oks/-am-āt) [Öğažic, sorrel; amin]. salt of oxamic acid. Oxamic Acid (oks-am/-ić). See Acid. Oxamid (oks-am/-īd) [Öğažíg, sorrel; amid I, C,O,- (NH2)3. A compound that separates as a white, crys- talline powder when neutral oxalic acid is shaken with aqueous ammonia; it is insoluble in water and in alcohol. Oxamidin (oks - am - id/-īn) [šažic, sorrel; amia]. Amidoxim; an amidin in which one H-atom of the amid-group or imid-group is replaced by hydroxyl ; the oxamidins are crystalline, unstable bodies, which readily break up into hydroxylamin and acid amids or acids. Oxamilic Acid (oks-am-i/-ä) [Öğažíc, sorrel), CsPI- NOs. A crystalline substance melting at 150° C. Oxazotic (oks-ag-o'-tik). Synonym of Mitric. [Old.] Oxeronosus (oés-er-on/-o-sus) [Öğüç, sharp; vógoſ, disease]. A diseased state depending on an accumu- lation of acid in the body. Oxid (oks/-īd) [Öğüç, sharp]. Any binary combination of oxygen and another element or radicle. Oxidant (oks/-īd-ant)[öğüç, acid.]. An oxidizing agent. Oxidate ğ. [öğüç, acid.]. To convert into an oxid. Oxidation (oks-id-a/-shun.) [8%g, sharp]. In chemis- try, the process of the atomic combination of oxygen with any other element. Oxidize (oks/-īd-iz) [öğüç, sharp]. cause to combine with oxygen. Oxidized (oks/-īd-izd) [Öğüç, sharp]. oxygen. Oximido-compounds (oks-im-id/-o-kom/-powmdz). See Asomitroso-compounds. Any In chemistry, to Combined with OXYCAULORRHEA Oxindol (oks-in/-dol) [Öğüç, sharp ; indicum, indigo], Cs H, NO. A substance produced in the reduction of aceto-amido-mandelic acid with HCl. It crystallizes from hot water in colorless needles, and melts at I2O’ C. Oxisalt (oks/-e-sawl/) [öğüç, sharp ; ME., salt, salt]. A salt of an acid containing oxygen. Oxonic Acid (olás-on/-ić) [oğüç, sharp]. A derivative of uric acid not yet obtained in the pure state. Oxter (oks/-ter) [AS., 6/sta, the armpit]. The axilla, or armpit. Oxy- (oks/-e-) [öğüç, sour or sharp]. A prefix denoting chemic combination with oxygen. O. Acids, acids containing oxygen. O.-salt, in chemistry, any salt containing oxygen in combination with both a base and an acid. O.-sulphate, a basic salt formed by a com- bination of a basic oxid and the sulphate of the same element or radicle. - Oxyacanthin (oks-e-aſſ-an/-thin) [6%g, sharp; &Kavda, spine], Ca2H2sNOil (?). An alkaloid of Aaróerry, occurring in small quantities. Oxyacanthous (oks-e-ak-an/-/hus) [65üç, sharp ; &Kavča, a spine]. In biology, possessing sharp thorns or prickles. Oxyacetic Acid (oãs-e-as-e'-tić). See Acid, Glycollic. Oxyacoa (oks-e-a/*-o/-ah). See Oxyakoia. Oxyacusis (oks-e-a/-u/-sis). Synonym of Hyperacusis. Oxyaesthesia (oks-e-es-the-ze-ah). See Oxyesthesia. Oxyakoia, Oxyacoa (oks-e-ak-oi/-ah, o&s-e-ak-o/-ah) [öğüç, sharp; droń, hearing]. A state of the auditory sense in which there is an increased capacity for the detection of sounds of very low pitch. There may be also a subjective sensation of hearing an acute sound. Oxyamygdalic Acid (oks-e-am-ig’-da/-ä) [Öğüç, sharp; āpavyóážm, almond], CsPIsO,. A crystalline body found in the urine in cases of acute yellow atrophy of the liver. Oxyanthraquinone (oks-e-an-thrak-win/-àn) [6;ic, acid; &vöpaş, coal; Sp., quina, bark]. Any one of the numerous hydroxyl compounds of anthraquinone. The various derivatives are distinguished by a prefix corresponding to the number of hydroxyl molecules present. Oxyaphia (oks-e-a/-fe-ah) [ääg, acute; dºff, touch]. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of touch. Oxyarteritis (oks-e-ar-ter iſ tis) [Öğüç, sharp ; āprepia, trachea ; trug, inflammation]. An acute arteritis. Oxyarthritis (oks-e-ar-thri/-tis) [Öğüç, acute; ip6pov, a joint; trug, inflammation]. An acute arthritis. Oxybase (oks/-e-bas) [Öğüç, sharp; basis, base]. basic oxid. Oxyblepsia (oës-e-blep/-se-ah) [85üç, sharp ; 3%éſtetv, to see]. Acuteness of vision. Oxybolia (oks-e-bo'-le-ah) [Öğüç, quick; 30%, a throw]. Premature ejaculation of semen. Oxybracteate (oks-e-braš/-te-āţ) [Öğüç, sharp; bractea, a thin plate]. In biology, having sharp bracts. Oxybronchitis(oés-e-àrong-Ki/-fis)[óšic, sharp; 8póyroc, bronchus; trug, inflammation]. An acute bronchitis. Oxybutyric Acid (oks-e-bu-ti"-rić)[öğüç, acid; butyrum, butter], C, HSOs. A fatty acid found in the urine in certain fevers, and especially in diabetes. Its pres- ence in the body in diabetes, simultaneously with that of diacetic acid, is supposed to be the cause of diabetic coma. The oxybutyric acid of diabetic urine is levo- rotatory. - Oxycannabin (oks-e-kan/-aē-in) [Öğic, acid; cannabis, hemp), Cooligo.N.O. A crystalline substance pro- duced when cannabin is treated with nitric acid. Oxycarpous (oks-e-Kar/-pus) [65ic, sharp ; Kapíróg, fruit]. In biology, bearing sharp-pointed fruit. Oxycaulorrhea (oks-e-Kaw/-or-e'-ah) [ošig, sharp; Kav- A. OXYCEPHALIA Żóg, the penis; bota, a flow]. Acute blennorrhea in the male. Oxycephalia (oks-is-eſ-a/-le-ah) [bétic, sharp; kepañff, head]. The character of a skull that is high and pointed ; hypsicephaly. Oxycephalus (oks-is-ef’-al-us). See Oxycephalia. Oxycephaly (oks-is-ef’-a/-e). See Oxycephalia. Oxychilous, Oxycheilous (oks-ik-i/-lus) [b%g, sharp; Žeižog, the lip]. In biology, having sharp lips, e.g., certain shells. Oxychinaseptol (oks-ik-in-as-ep/-tol). See Diaphtherin. Oxychlorid (oks - iſ: - loſ - rid) [bäg, acid; YWopóg, green]. A salt of an element or radicle containing both oxygen and chlorin. Oxycinchonin (oks-is-in/- Áo-min) [Öğüç, acid; cin- chona), C20H24N2O2. An isomer of quinin. Oxycinesis (oks-is-in-e/-sis). Same as Acrocinesis. Oxycitric Acid (oks-is-it/-rié). See Acid. Oxycollidin (o/s – ik - ol/-id-in) [650c, sharp; kółża glue], CsPI11NO. One of the alkaloids of cod- liver oil. See Morrhaeo/ins. Oxycoumarin (oks-ik-u/-mar-in). See Umbelliferon. Oxycyanid (oks-is-i/-an-id) [6;üç, sharp; kūavoc, blue]. A product of the union of an aldehyd with hydrogen cyanid. Oxyd (oks/-īd). Synonym of Oxid. Oxydactyl (oks-id-a/-ti/) [öğüç, sharp; dākrvãog, a finger or toe]. In biology, having slender digits. Oxydant (oks/-īd-ant) [Öğüç, sharp]. An oxidating agent. Oxyderces (oks-id-er’-séz) [öğüç, sharp; 6&pkeoffat, to see clearly]. Sharp-sighted; producing keenness of VIS10I). Oxydercia (oſés-id-er/ -sºak) [öğüç, sharp; dépkeoffat, to see clearly]. Keenness of vision. Oxydiabrosis (oks -id-i-ab-ro/-sis) [b%g, sharp; 6tá- £3000tg, ulceration]. A rapidly progressing ulcera- tion. Oxydimorphin (oés-id-im-or/-fin) [b$ig, sharp; Mor- pheus, the god of sleep), Cai Has N.Os. A finely crystalline derivative of morphin. Oxydoid (oks/-īd-oid) [Öğüç, sharp; elóoç, like]. Re- sembling an oxid. Oxydulated (oks-id/-u-la-ted) [6%g, sharp.] Partially or slightly oxidized. Oxydum (o/s/-īd-um). See Oxid. Oxyecoia (oks-e-ek-oi/-ah). Synonym of Oxyakoia. Oxyencephalitis (oks-e-en-seſ-al-iſ-tis) [b$üç, acute; #yképažog, brain; trug, inflammation]. Acute en- cephalitis. Oxyendocarditis (oſs-e-en-do-kar-di/-tis) [bág, sharp; êvöov, within ; Kapóſa, the heart; truç, inflamma- tion]. Acute endocarditis. Oxyenteritis (oks-e-en-ter-i/-täs) [6%g, sharp; Švrepov, intestine; truç, inflammation]. Acute enteritis. Oxyepatitis (oks - e - ep - at- ?/- ſis) [öğüç, sharp; trap, liver; ſtic, inflammation]. Acute hepatitis. Oxyesthesia (oſs-e-es-the-ze-ah) [6;ic, sharp ; althoug, sensation]. A condition of increased acuity of sen- sibility. Oxyformobenzoilic Acid (oks-if-or-mo-ben-zo-i/-i}) [öğüç, acid; formica, an ant; benzoin I, CsPIsC). An acid said to be found in the body in acute yellow atrophy of the liver. Oxygala (oks - ig’- al-ah) [6étig, sour; yd Aa, milk]. Sour milk. Oxygastromenia (oks-ig-as-tro-me/-ne-ah) [6;ic, sharp; yaotáp, the belly; ſummaia, the menses]. Sudden, vicarious menstruation from the stomach. Oxygen (oks/-ij-en) [6 ; §> it.wº- Circular mus- cular fibers. i # § ɺºz Longitudinal *=º:º muscular º º: ######" fibers. * . Tº a g = Lºg º ºs---- -: Sãº-- 2: ºs--- • * LoNGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH A PFYER's PATCH of THE SMALL INTESTIN E OF A Dog. (From Stirling.) Swiss anatomist I65 3–1712]. The agminated glands PEYERIAN GLANDS of the small intestine, consisting of large, oval groups of closely aggregated lymph-follicles, bound together by adenoid tissue. The patches vary in size and number; they are usually limited to the lower two- thirds of the small intestine, reaching their highest development in the ileum, where they may attain a length of 9–II cm. each; between twenty and thirty patches generally are present; they are relatively better developed in young than in old subjects. (Piersol.) Peyerian Glands. See Aeyer’s Gland. Pfeiffer's Bacillus. See Aacteria, Synonymatic Zable of P.'s Test. See Gout. Pflüger's Cords, or Loops. Cord-like ingrowths of epithelium into the connective-tissue stroma of the cortex of the ovary, containing the germinal cells. P.’s Law. See Lazv. P.'s Sacs, tubular passages in the fetal ovaries. P.’s Salivary Tubes, the intra- lobular ducts of the salivary glands. P.'s Tubes, or Tubules. Same as P.'s Sacs. Phacella (fa-se/-a/.) [pékehog, a bundle]. In biology, one of the gastric filaments of hydrozoans. - Phacellate (fas/-el-āt) [pákežoç, a bundle]. In biol- ogy, provided with phacellae. Phacellus (fas-el/-us) [páke??og, a bundle ; fl., Pha- celli ). In biology, one of the tufts of mobile gastral filaments or mesenterial filaments found in many Cni- darians. Cf. Acontia. Phacentocele (fa-sen/-to-sel) [pakóc, lens; £vróg, within ; ºff?m, hernia]. Displacement of the crystal- line lens into the anterior chamber of the eye. Phacia (fa/-se-ah). Synonym of Lentigo. Phacitis (fo-si'-tis). See Phakitis. Phacocyst (fa/-ko-sist) [pakóc, lens; Küotic, bladder]. I. The capsule of the crystalline lens. 2. An oldſ term for the often somewhat lenticular nucleus of a plant-cell. Phacocystectomy (fa-ko-sis-teå/-to-me) [pakóc, lens; ki.org, cyst; Škrouh, excision]. Excision of a part of the capsule of the crystalline lens. Phacocystitis (fa-ko-sis-ti/-tis) [pakóg, lens; Küortſ, cyst; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cap- sule of the crystalline lens. Phacoglaucoma (ſa-ko-glaw-ko’-mah) ſpakóç, lens; yWavkóg, green; 5ua, tumor]. Structural changes in the crystalline lens induced by glaucoma. Phacohydropiesis (fa-ko-hi-drop-i-e'-sis). Synonym of Cataract, Morgagnian. Phacohymenitis (fa-ko - hi- men -i/- tis) [Öakóç, lens; buffy, membrane; ttig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of the crystalline lens. Phacoid (ſa/-Aoid) [bakóc, lens; cióoc, like]. shaped. Phacoidoscope (fa-koid’-o-scóð). scope. Phacomalacia (ſo - Áo - mal-a/-se-ah) [pakóc, lens; plažakia, softness]. Soft cataract. Phacometachoresis (ſa-ko-met-ak-or-eſ-sis) lens; ueTaxópmotº, change of place]. the crystallime lens. Phacometecesis (fa - Ko- met -es - e^-sis). Phacometachoresis. Phacometer (fa-Āom/-et-er) [Öakóg, lens; uérpov, meas- ure]. An instrument for determining the refractive power of lenses. Phaconin (fa/-ko-min) ſpakóc, lens]. The albuminoid body of the crystalline lens; it seems to be a globulin. Phacopalingenesis (fa-ko-pal-in-jen/-es-is) [pakóc, len- til; tró%tv, again; yévegic, genesis]. Reproduction of the crystalline lens. Phacoplasma (fo - Ko-plag/- mah) Tržáooeuv, to mold.]. meal. Lens- Synonym of Phaco- [pakóg, Dislocation of Synonym of [paróg, lentil ; A cataplasm made of lentil- 1059 Phacosis (fa-ko/-sis) [pakóc, lentil]. PHAGOCYTE Phacoscleroma (ſa-ko-sk/e-ro'-ma/). Synonym of A hacosclerosis. . Phacosclerosis (ſu - Ao-skle - roſ-sis) [bakóc, lens; akämpóg, hard]. Hardening of the crystalline lens. Phacoscope (fa/-Ao-sköp) [pakóc, lens; oroteiv, to inspect]. An instrument used in observing the accommodative changes of the lens. Phacoscopic (ſa-ko-skop(-ik) ſhakóc, lens; okoTeiv, to inspect]. Pertaining to the phacoscope. Phacoscotasmus (ſa-ko-sko-Zaz/-mus) [bakóg, lens : akórog, darkness]. Clouding of the crystalline lens. Phacoscotoma (fa - Ao-sko- to/- mah). Synonym of Cataract. A freckle or black spot. Phacydrops, Phacydropsia (fak/-id-rops, ſak-id-zop/- se-ah). Synonyms of Cataract, Morgagnian. Phacymenitis (fak-im-en-iſ-tis). Synonym of Phaco- Aymenitis. Phae- (ſe-). See Phe-. Phaenogam, Phaenogamic (ſen/-o-gam, fººt-o-gam/-74). See Ahenogam, Phenogamic. Phaenogamous (ſe-mog/-am-us). See Phenogamous. Phaenozygous (fen-o-zi/-gus). See Phenozygotes. Phaeochrous (fe-o/-rus) [patóg, dusky; Apóg, the skin]. In biology, dark, dusky. Phaeodellum (ſe-o-de/-um) [patóg, dusky; eiðoc, form : pl., Phaeodella]. In biology, one of the large pigment- granules of the Phaeodium. Phaeodium (fe-o’-de-um) [patóg, dusky; eiðoç, form : p/., Phaeodia]. In biology, a collection of dark pig- ment-bodies in the calymna of certain radiolarians. Phaeophyl, Phaeophyll (ſe/-o-fi/) [9ſuág, dusky; piº- Žov, leaf). In biology, Schütt's name for the com- pound pigment of the Fucaceae and Zaminariaceae. The reddish-brown portion, soluble in water, is called A/ycophain by Schütt and Millardet. The yellow portion, soluble in alcohol, is called phycoxanthin. Phagaena (faj-e'-na/). Synonym of Phagena. Phagedena (faj-ed-e'-nah) [payáðatva; payev, to eat]. A spreading and destructive ulceration, often obsti- nately and rapidly disintegrating soft parts. P. gan- graenosa. See Gangrene, Aſospita/. P. nosocomia- lis, hospital-gangrene. See Gangrene. P. tropica, Adenz U/cer, Aſalabar CZeer, a formidable skin-affec- tion of the tropics, attacking chiefly those who live under depressing influences. It is probably due to a microbe that produces a vesicle or bulla that rap- idly assumes a sloughing or gangrenous nature. It quickly invades the neighboring tissues, destroying the soft parts and even the bones. The ulcers generally begin on the feet, ankles, or legs, but the thighs or arms may be attacked. Finally, an indurated atonic ulcer is left which, after a variable period of weeks or months, gradually cicatrizes. Death is frequent from exhaustion. Phagedenic (faj-ed-en/-ik) [dayéðatva; payeiv, to eat]. Of the nature of a phagedena. P. Chancre, a syphilitic chancre which has become phagedenic; it is a rare condition. P. Chancroid, a chancroid that spreads rapidly and destroys a large amount of tissue. Nearly the entire penis may be lost in a short time. Phagedermia, Phagaedermia (faj-ed-er/-me-ah) [oa- Yeiv, to eat; Öéppua, skinj. A phagedemic ulceration of the skin. Phagedermic, Phagaedermic (faj-ed-er/-mić) [payeiv, to eat; 0&pua, skin]. Pertaining to phagedermia. Phagena, Phagaena (faj-e'-nah) [payeiv, to eat]. Bulimia. Phagocytal (fog/-o-si-tal) [Öayfiv, to eat; kirog, a cell]. Pertaining to a phagocyte. Phagocyte (ſag’-o-sit) [payetv, to eat; Kirog, cell]. In PHAGOCYTELLA biology, Metschmikoff's name for one of the motile, ameboid, digestive cells of metazoans, moving from place to place in the organism under the influence of thermotaxis, or of what Stahl called positive trophotrop- iswt, when it was a question of attraction, and negative trophotropism, in cases of repulsion. Pfeiffer included the phenomena with that of the attraction of spermato- zoids to the female cell, and other forms of sensibility to chemic agents, under the general heading chemio- taxis (positive or negative). Phagocytes are derived from the endodermal or mesodermal tissues in all animals. They are believed to englobe wrecks of larval organs, degradation-products or excretion-products, for- eign particles, Schizomycetes, hematozoa, etc.—their activity varying as the logarithm of the excitation. They digest the Soluble parts and reject the insoluble residue. They play an active part in the metamorphosis of tissues and organs, in inflammation, and as prophylac- tic agents. Phagocytes are ſixed—endothelial cells, fixed connective-tissue cells, and free—the wandering cells or leukocytes. In man the colorless blood-cells, as well as other kinds of cells, are credited with play- ing the rôle of phagocytes. A large phagocytic leukocyte is termed a macrophage, a small one, a microphage. Phagocytella (fag-o-si-te/-ah) [payeiv, to eat, devour; cytella, dim. of KüTog, a cell]. In biology, Metschni- koff’s term for the simplest, primitive stage of a meta- zoan, in which it is composed of two layers, the ectal, an enveloping membrane, the other forming, by the ental cells collected into a mass, a kind of parenchyma composed of ameboid elements. This stage readily passes into the gastrula-stage. Phagocytic (fog-o-siz/-īA) [payetv, to eat; kitoc, cell]. In biology, of, pertaining to, or caused by phagocytes; cell-devouring ; cytophagous. Phagocytism (ſag’-o-si-fizm) [payeiv, to eat ; kitoc, a cell]. In biology, the function of a phagocyte. The doctrine that inflammation and other vital processes, normal or abnormal, are due to phagocytes. Phagocytoblast (ſag-o-si'-to-blast) [payeiv, to eat; Kütog, a cell; 6%ao Tóg, a germ]. A cell giving rise to one or more phagocytes. Phagocytosis (ſag-o-si-to/-sis) [payeiv, to eat; köTog, cell]. The destruction or taking up of microörganisms or other solid elements by living cells, as by colorless blood-corpuscles. This theory has been advanced by Metschnikoff and others to explain immunity. It has been found that if microörganisms, such as anthrax- bacilli, are introduced into an insusceptible animal, some of them will be found within the bodies of leukocytes, while this does not occur in a susceptible animal. This fact has led to the enunciation of the doctrine that immu- nity or susceptibility depends on the ability or inability, respectively, of the body-cells to destroy microörgan- isms. Immunity may be congenital or acquired; in the latter case it is brought about by an adaptation of the cells to the end that they can consume virulent organisms without harm. Several arguments have been advanced against Metschnikoff’s views. It has been said that the bacteria sometimes found in leukocytes are probably dead ; if a living microörganism enters a colorless blood-corpuscle, the latter is more likely to suffer than the former. Again, the symptoms of infectious diseases are due to peculiar poisons rather than to the bacteria as such. Immunity can be con- ferred upon an animal by injections of appropriate doses of such poisons, a fact that cannot readily be explained by the phagocytic theory. It has also been demonstrated that the blood-serum possesses bacteri- cidal properties, and that the blood-serum of artificially immune animals is capable of immunizing other ani- 1060 PHALANX mals, and if given in sufficient strength and dose, even of arresting the disease when already established. The tendency at present is to ascribe the causation of immu- mity to a peculiar property of the body-fluids—whether bactericidal or antitoxic in nature, i. e., counteracting the bacterial poison; this is not fully established. Phagomania (fag-o-ma/-ne-ah) [payeiv, to eat; uavia, madness]. An insatiable craving for food. Phagosite (fag/-o-sit) [payeiv, to eat; altog, food]. An animal organism that feeds on but does not dwell within or on its host, e. g., the leech, lamprey, camel- tick, vampire bat. Phakitis (fa-ki/-tis) [pakóg, lens; trug, inflammation]. Hypothetically, inflammation of the crystalline lens of the eye; practically, however, no such condition has been observed. Phakometer (fa-kom/-et-er) [pakóc, lens; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the curva- tures and refractive powers of lenses. - Phakosclerosis (fa-ko-sk/e-ro/-sis) [jakóc, lens; ok%m- póc, hard]. Induration or hardness of the crystalline lens. - Phakoscope (fa/-ko-sköp) [pakóc, lens; okoteiv, to See]. An instrument for observing and estimating the change in the shape of the crystalline lens produced by accommodative influences. Phalacra, Phalacrosis (ſa/-ak-ra/, fal-ak-ro/-sis) [ÓaÅakpóg, bald]. Baldness. Phalacroma (ſal-ak-ro/-mah). 7 OS 25. Phalangagra (ſa-lang-ga/-grah). Synonym of Phalam- garthritis. Phalangal (ſa-lang/-gal). Same as Phalangeal. Phalangarthritis (ſo-lang-gar-thri/-tis) [jážayś, pha- lanx ; āpôpov, joint; trug, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of phalangeal joints. Phalange (ſo-lan/) [páñay;, the bone of a finger or toe]. In biology: (a) one of the bones of a finger or toe; (b) one of the joints of an insect's tarsus; (c) a bundle of stamens united by their filaments. Phalangeal (ſa-lan/-je-a/) [pážayś, phalanx]. Per- taining to a phalanx, or to phalanges. P. Bone, a phalanx. P. Process, in biology: (a) a slender prolongation of Deiter's cells attached to the phalanx of the reticular lamina of the organ of Corti; (b) the external process of the head of an outer rod of Corti. Phalangean (ſa-lan/-je-an). Same as Phalangeal. Phalanges (ſo-lan/-jāz) [pá%ayś, phalanx]. Plural of Phalazz.x. P. of Ear, the minute cuticular fibers in the organ of Corti. Phalangette, Phalanget (ſal-am-jet') [Fr.]. The third phalanx or terminal bone of the finger. Phalangial, Phalangian (ſa-lan/Je-a/, fa-lan/-je-an). Same as Phalangeal. - Phalangic (ſo-lan/Jā). Synonym of Phalangeal. Phalangiform (ſa-lan/-jīf-orm) [pá%ayś, phalanx; forma, form]. Having the shape of a phalanx. Phalangigrade (ſa-ſan/-jig-rád) [96%ayś, phalanx; gradi, to goj. In biology, walking on the phalanges. Phalangine (ſa/-an-jin) [Fr.]. The second phalanx or second bone of the finger. Phalangitis (ſa-ſan-ji’-ſis) [dážayś, phalanx; ttig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a phalanx. Phalango-phalangeal (ſa-ſan/-go-ſa-ſan/-je-a/) [pá- Wayé, phalanx]. Pertaining to the successive phalanges of the digits. P. Amputation, removal of a finger or toe at the first or second phalangeal joints. Phalangosis (ſal-am-go/-sis) [ſpážayś, phalanx]. I. A disease of the eyelids in which the lashes are ar ranged in rows. 2. Ptosis. - Phalanx (fa/-lanks) [pážayś, phalanx: pl., Phalanges]. Any one of the bones of the fingers or toes. P.. Synonym of Phalac- PHALLALGIA Basilar. Synonym of P., Proximal. Ps. of Deiters. Synonym of Phalanges of Æar, g. v. P., Distai, the phalanx farthest removed from the metacarpus or metatarsus. P., Metacarpal, P., Proximal, of the hand. P., Metatarsal, P., Proximal, of the foot. P., Middle, the middle phalanx of the four fingers or four outer toes. P., Proximal, the one nearest to the metacarpus or metatarsus. P., Terminal. Synonym of P., Distal. P., Ungual, P., Unguicular, the distal phalanx, so called because it bears the nail. Phallalgia (ſal-a/-je-ah) [pa/A69, penis; 3%yog, pain]. Pain in the penis. - Phallanastrophe (ſal-an-asſ-tro-ſe) [Öaž%66, penis; ăvao Tpopff, upturning]. Twisting or distortion of the 621) 18. Piºneurysm (fal-an/-u-rizm) [paññóg, penis; aveſ- pvaua, aneurysm]. Aneurysm of a vessel of the penis. - Phallankylosis (ſal- an - Ail-o'-sis) [pa/26g, penis; āykö%00tg, ankylosis]. Adhesion of the penis to a neighboring structure. Also chordee. Phalledema (ſal-e-de/-mah) [pa2%óg, penis; oiómua, edema]. Edematous infiltration of the tissues of the €111S. Pºlic (fa/-ä) [pa/69, penis]. phallus, or penis. Phallitis (ſal-i/ tis) [pañ%óg, penis; trag, inflammation]. Inflammation of the penis. Phalloblennorrhea (ſal-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [pañ%óc, penis; 8%évva, mucus; bota, a flow]. A purulent discharge from the urethra. Phallocampsis (ſal. o - Kamp/-sis) [pa/26g, phallus; Kállipug, a bending]. Chordee. Phallocarcinoma (ſal-o-Aar-sin -o/- mah) [jaž%óg, penis ; Kapſcivoua, carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the penis; it is usually an epithelioma. Phallocrypsis (ſal-o-Arip/-sis) [Öaž%óg, phallus; Kpinpig, concealment]. Concealment of the penis by retraction. Phallodynia (ſal-o-dim/-e-ah) ſpañAóg, penis; 66ivm, pain]. Pain in the penis. Phalloid (fal’-oid) [dańAóç, penis; eiðoç, like]. sembling the penis. Phallology (ſal-o/-o-je)[paž2óg, penis; 26).oc, science]. The science treating of the penis. Phalloncus (ſal-ong/-kus) [gaW26g, penis; 5) Koç, a tumor]. Any tumor or swelling of the penis. Phalloplasty (fal/-o-plas-fe) [pa/Aóg, phallus; TAéo- oeuv, to mold]. Plastic or restorative surgery of the penis. Phallopsophia (ſal-op-so’-fe-ah) [pa).26g, penis; ºpójog, noise]. A discharge of gas from the penis. Phallorrhagia (ſal-or-a/-je-ah) [ paž2óg, penis; bmyvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the penis. Phallorrhea (ſal-or-e'-ah)[ga%26g, phallus; bota, flow]. Blennorrhea ; a flow of purulent matter from the male urethra. Phallus (fö/-us) [ÓažAóg, penis]. Penis. Phanakistoscope (fan-ak-is/-to-sköp). See Zoetrope. Phanerobiotic (fan-er-o-bi.of/-ić) [gavepôc, visible; Bioc, life]. Presenting evidences of life. Pertaining to the Re- Phanerocodonic (fan-er-o-ko-don/-ić)[havepôg, visible; Kóðov, a bell]. In biology, bell-shaped, campanulate; applied to the gonophores or medusiform buds of hydroid polyps. Phanerogam (fan’-er-o-gam), [pavepác, visible; "yôpiog, marriage]. In biology, a plant bearing true flowers. Phanerogamia(fan-er-o-ga/-me-ah)[pavepôg, apparent; Yáplog, marriage]. A division of the vegetable king- dom comprising all vascular plants, whether flowering or not, with exposed sexual organs. It is subdivided into two classes, endogenous and exogenous. See Cryptogamia. - 1061 * . *: PHARAOH'S SERPENTS Phanerogamic (fan-er-o-gam/-ä) [pavepôg, visible ; yápog, marriage]. In biology, flowering. Phanerogamous (fan-er-og/-am-us) [pavépáſ, visible; yápoc, marriage]. Pertaining to the phanerogams. Phanerogenetic (ſan-er-o-jen-et/-ié). Same as Phan- erogamlozes. Phanerogenous (ſan-er-oj/-en-us) [gavepôg, visible ; yevåg, producing]. Visibly producing. P. Tissue, special material forming the pulp of the teeth. Phaneroscope (fam/-er-o-sköp) [pavépôc, visible; oko- Teiv, to see]. An instrument devised by Liebreich to render a small patch of skin very translucent and thus to test the color of the blood, condition of anemia, etc. Phaneroscopy (fan -er - os/- Áo-pe) [gavepôc, visible; akoTeiv, to see]. The use of the phaneroscope. Phanerozöous (fan-er-o-zo/-us). Synonym of Phane- robiotic. Phantasia (fan-ta/-ze-ah) [gavraota, a showing]. An Imaginary appearance. Phantasm (fam/-tazm) [gavráſelv, to render visible]. An illusive perception of an object that does not exist. A vision or apparition. - Phantasmagoria (fan-faz-mag-o’-re-ah) [Óávraopia, phantasm ; áyopá, assembly]. A series or succession of fantastic and illusory mental pictures. Phantasmatomoria (fan-taz-mat-o-mo'-re-ah) [páv. Taopia, phantasm ; piopia, folly]. Childishness, or dementia, with absurd fancies. Phantasmogenesis (fan-faz-mo-jen’-es-is) [pávraopia, phantasm ; yéveolg, genesis]. The origination of phantasms or spectral illusions. Phantasmologic (fan-faz-mo-loj'-ić) [pávTaopia, phan- tasm; Wöyog, science]. Pertaining to phantasmology. Phantasmology (fan-faz-mo/-o-ſe) [pávragua, phan- tasm ; 26 yog, science]. The science of phantasms. Phantasmophrenosis (fan-flag-mo-fren-o’-sis) [pávTao- ua, phantasm ; ppévogtſ, thought]. The presence of dreamy fancies in the waking state. Phantasmoscopia (fan-faz-mo-sko'-pe-ah) ſpävragua, phantasm; orotein', to see]. The seeing of phantasms, in insanity or delirium. Phantasmoscopy (fan-flag-mosſ-ko-pe). Ahantasmoscopia. Phantom (fam/-tum) [javrášety, to make visible]. An apparition. A model, manikin or effigy upon or by which to illustrate bandaging, surgical, obstetric, and other operations. P. Aneurysm, A/imic Aneurysm : a pulsating tumor simulating subclavian or axillary aneurysm, occasionally met with under the lateral half of the left clavicle. It is associated with thrill, murmur, and dilated veins above, but is apt to disap- pear suddenly, and return after excitement and after movement of the arms. It is thought to be due to temporary dilatation of the artery from vaso-motor paralysis. P. Brain, a cork and wire model of the brain devised by Aeby. P. Cell, a “shadow,” or skeletonized blood-cell. P. Child, a doll used to illus- trate the phenomena of labor. P. Face or Head, a metal effigy of a face, with eye-sockets devised to hold ani- mal eyes, wherewith to practice operations in ophthal- mic surgery. P. Stricture, erroneous subjective symp- toms of the patient who believes he has rectal stricture. P. Tumor, an apparent tumor, usually of the abdomen though occurring elsewhere, which vanishes sponta- neously, and which usually consists of a partially and spasmodically contracted muscle. Accumulations of gas and a thickened onentum have simulated ova- rian tumor. Pharaoh's Serpents. Mercury thiocyanate enveloped in a cone of tinfoil and burnt; it is used as a toy. The fumes are said to be poisonous. Synonym of PHARMACAL Pharmacal (far/-mak-al) [pápuakov, a drug). Per- taining to pharmacy. Pharmaceutic (far-was-ne'-tić) [papuakeūetv, to admin- ister a drug). Pertaining to pharmacy. - Pharmaceutics (far-mas-u/-fiks) [pappakewelv, to ad- minister a drug.). Pharmacy, Pharmaceutist (far-mas-u/-täst). macist. Pharmacic (far/-mas-ić) [páppiakov, drug). Pharma- ceutic; poisonous. - Pharmacist (far/-mas-ist) [pápuakov, a drug). An apothecary. Pharmacocatagraphology (far-mak-o-Kat-agºraſ-o/- oje) [pápuakov, drug ; Katá, according to ; Ypáſhelv, to write; %yog, science]. The art of prescription-writing. Pharmacochymia (far-mak-o-ki/-me-a/) [páppakov, drug; Ympleta, chemistry]. Pharmaceutic chemistry. Pharmacocollocyst (far-mak-o-ko/-o-sist) [96puakov, drug, Kó%a, glue; Küo Tug, bladder]. A gelatinous capsule for receiving medicines. Pharmacodynamic (far-maž-o-di-nam/-ić) [péppiakov, drug; 6üvapug, force]. Pertaining to pharmacodyna- In 1CS. Pharmacodynamics (far-mak-o-di-nam/-i/s) [péppa- kov, drug; 6üvapug, force]. The science of the powers and effects of medicines. Pharmacognosia, Pharmacognosis (far-ma-kog-no/- ze-a/, far-wa-Kog’-no-sis). See Z'harmacogyrosy. Pharmacognostics (far-mak-og-nos/-tiés). Synonym of Pharmacognosy. Pharmacognosy (far-ſnak-og/-no-ze) ſpäppakov, medi- cine; yuágug, knowledge]. The science or sum of knowledge of drugs. Pharmacography (far-mak-og/-ra-ſe). Synonym of A harmacognosy. - Pharmacokoniantron (far-mak - o - Aon - e - an/- fron) [páppakov, drug; Kovia, powder; &vrpov, hole]. An instrument used for spraying the Eustachian tube and middle ear. Pharmacologic (far-mak-o-o/-ié) [66puakov, drug; Żóyog, science]. Pertaining to pharmacology. Pharmacologist (far-mak-o/-o-fist) [páppakov, drug; Żóyog, science]. One versed in pharmacology. Pharmacology (far-maž-o/-0-ſe) [páppiakov, drug; Żóyog, science]. The science of the nature and properties of substances used as medicines; pharmacy and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacomania (far-mak -o- ma/-ne-ah) [páppſakov, drug; uavía, madness]. A morbid craving for medi- cines. Pharmacomaniac (far-mak-o-ma/-ne-aſſ) [?&pgako), drug; uavia, mania]. One excessively fond of the use of drugs. Pharmacomathy (far-ma/-on/-ath-e) [bappakov, drug; pué0m, learning]. Pharmacognostics. Pharmacometry (far-mak-om/-et-re) [ſpáppiakov, drug; puérpov, measure]. The measuring and weighing of drugs. Pharmacomorphic (far-mak-o- monſ’- ?/8) [bappakov, drug; uopºff, form]. Pertaining to the form in which medicines are prepared. Pharmacon (far/-mak-on) [pápuakov, drug). A drug; a poison. : Pharmacopeia (far-mak-o-pe/-ah) [ſhapuakov, drug, medicine; Troteiv, to make.] A standard code con- taining a selection of medicinal substances, prepara: tions and formulas. The United States (1890), and the British (1885), are among the most comprehensive published. All except the United States pharmaco- peia have been issued under government authority. Pharmacopeial (far-mak-o-pe/-a/) [hāpuakov, drug ; Troteiv, make]. Pertaining to the pharmacopeia. Synonym of Phar- 1062 PHARYNCITIC Pharmacopolist (ſar-mak-op/-o-list) [pápualcov, med- icine; Tožeiv, to sell]. A dealer in medicines. Pharmacopolium (far-mak-o'-po'-le-um) [páppakov, drug; Twheiv, to sell]. A drug-store. Pharmacoposia (far-mak-o-po/-ze-a/.) [páppiakov, drug; Tóoug, a drinking]. Drinking of medicine. Pharmacotheca (far-mak-o-the'-kah) [pápuakov, drug : 6ñkm, case]. A medicine-chest. * Pharmacotherapeutic (far-mak-o-ſher-ap-u/-tić) [páp- piakov, drug; flepateia, treatment]. Pertaining to treatment with drugs. - Pharmacotherapia(far-mak-o-ther-a/-pe-ah)[pépuakov, drug; tepateia, therapy]. Pharmaceutic therapeu- tics. Pharmacum (far/-mak-um). Same as Pharmacon. Pharmacurgus (far-mak-ur/-gus) [pápuakov, drug; Špyetv, to work]. A pharmacist; also a physician who relies entirely on drugs in the treatment of dis- 63S62. Pharmacy (far/-mas-e) [papualceia, the use of drugs]. I. The art or practice of preparing, compounding, and dispensing medicines. 2. The occupation of a phar- macist. 3. A drug-store; an apothecary’s shop. Pharus (far/-us). Synonym of Pharynx. Pharyngalgia (far-in-ga/-je-a/) [pápvyš, pharynx ; âWyog, pain]. Pain in the pharynx. Pharyngeal (far-in/-je-al) [pápvyš, pharynx]. Per- taining to the pharynx. P. Aponeurosis, the con- nective tissue layer of the pharynx, under the mucous surface. P. Arches, the post-oral arches, q. ". P. Arteries, two in number; the superior and the inferior. See Arteries, Table of P. Bones, in biology, the bones behind the last branchial arch in fishes. P. Bursa, a small sac situated in the dorsal wall of the naso-pharynx. P. Cavity, the space within the pharyngeal walls. P. Choke, in farriery, lodgment of a foreign body in the upper portion of the esophagus of a horse, attended with symptoms of great distress. P. Clefts. Same as A'. Slits. P. Fascia, the fascia covering the walls of the pharnyx. P. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of P. Glands. See Gland. P. Jaws, jaw-like organs in the pharynx, as in certain worms. P. Nerve, a branch of the vagus. See AVerves, Table of P. Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of P. Reflex. See A'eſſexes, 7able of. P. Sac, a sac in the head of a butterfly, at the base of the spiral tongue. By its alter- nate contraction and expansion the insect is able to suck up the nectar. P. Slits, the post-oral visceral clefts or gill-slits of vertebrates and chordate animals. They are also called Visceral Clefts. P. Spine. Same as P. Tubercle. P. Teeth, the teeth on the pharyn- geal bones. P. Tonsil. See Zuschka's Tomsil. P. Tubercle, a small elevation near the middle of the under surface of the basilar process of the occipital bone. The fibrous raphé of the pharynx is attached to it. P. Vault. See AVaso-pharynx. P. Veins, branches of the pharyngeal plexus of veins, emptying into the internal jugular vein. P. Voice, the falsetto VOICe. Pharyngectomy (far-in-ge/-to-me) [pápvyš, pharynx; &Kropff, excision]. Excision of a part of the pharynx. Pharyngemphraxis (far-in-gem-fražs/- is ) [pápvyš, pharynx; Šuſhpaśug, obstruction]. Obstruction of the pharynx. Pharyngeurisma (far-in-gu-riz'-mah). Pharyngocele. Pharyngeus (far-in-je’-us). etc., under Muscles, 7able of -- Pharyngismus (far-in-jiz/-mus) [bápvyš, pharynx]. Spasm of the pharynx. Pharyngitic (far-in-ji’-ić) [pápvyš, pharynx; trug, Synonym of See Petro-pharyngeus, PHARYNGITIS | inflammation]. Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, pharyngitis. Pharyngitis (far-in-ji’-tis) [pápvyš, pharynx; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pharynx. It may be acute or chronic. In the former there is a fre- quent desire to swallow, with pain and the sensation of a foreign body in the throat. Malaise, stiffness of the neck, anorexia, fever, and fulness of the head are other symptoms. The chronic form is not so severe as the acute, but there is a more annoying accumula- tion of viscid mucus, with frequent hawking. P., Apostematous, inflammation of the pharynx attended with the formation of an abscess. P., Atrophic, a form in which there is atrophy of the mucous mem- brane. P., Catarrhal, inflammation of the pharynx, accompanied by abundant secretion. P., Diphtheric, pharyngitis, due to the KZebs-Loeffler Bacillus. P., Follicular, inflammation of the mucous glands of the pharynx. P., Gangrenous, a form of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, tonsils, and palatine folds, ending in the formation of gangrenous patches. Fatal hemorrhage may result from erosion of blood-vessels. It is also called Putrid Sore-throat. P., Granular, Clergymens’ Sore-throat, a chronic form of pharyngitis, characterized by granular bodies on the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It is common among public speakers, and is due to improper use of the voice. P., Hypertrophic, chronic pharyngitis, with overgrowth, local or general, of the mucous mem- brane. P. maligna. Synonym of P., Gangrenous. P., Membranous, pharyngitis characterized by the formation of false membrane; it is generally due to the diphtheria-bacillus. P., Phlegmonous, acute infectious phlegmon of the pharynx. A serious form of inflammation of the pharyngeal tissues, with grave constitutional symptoms, the inflammation rapidly passing on to suppuration. P. sicca, chronic pharyn- gitis, with a dry and glistening state of the mucous membrane, and, generally, with enlargement of the lymph-follicles. , P., Ulcerative, a form that may be a simple ulceration of the follicles; or it may be syph- ilitic, tuberculous, diphtheric, or carcinomatous; or it may be due to such infectious diseases as typhoid fever, or to extension of lupus. - Pharyngo- (far-in/-go-) [pápvyš, pharynx]. A prefix signifying connection with or relation to the pharynx. Pharyngocace (far-in-goš/-as-e). Synonym of Pharyn- gitis, Gangrenous. Pharyngocele (far-in/-go-sel) [pápvyš, pharynx; káAm, tumor]. A tumor or pouch of the pharynx. Pharyngocenterium (far-in-go-sen-te’-re-um) [pépvyš, pharynx; Kevtåptov, a pricker]. A trocar for punc- turing the pharynx. Pharyngocephale (far-in-go-sef’-a/-e). of Pharynx. - Pharyngo-cynanche (far-in-go-sin-an/-Ée) [ºdpvyš, pharynx; kvuáyxm, cymanche]. Angina of the pharynx. 4. Pharyngodynia (far-in-go dim/-e-ah) [pápvyš, pharynx; bóimm, pain]. Pain referred to the pharynx. Pharyngo-epiglottic (far-in/-go-ep-ig-/ot/-ić) [fidpvyś, pharynx; $7tyżottic, epiglottis]. Pertaining to the pharynx and the epiglottis. Pharyngo-epiglotticus (far-in/-go-ep-ig-loſ/-īk-mus) [Óápvyš, pharynx; 87ty20ttic, epiglottis]. Muscular fibers derived from the stylo-pharyngeus and inserted into the side of the epiglottis and the pharyngo-epiglot- tic ligament. Pharyngo-esophageal (far-in’-go-e-sofay'-e-a/) [pá- pvyš, pharynx; otoopáyoſ, gullet]. Pertaining to the pharynx and esophagus. Pharyngo-esophagus (far-in/-go-e-sof'-ag-us)[óápvyš, A synonym 1063 PHARYN GOSPASM pharynx; otoopáyog, esophagus]. The pharynx and esophagus considered as one organ. Pharyngo-glossal (far-in/-go-glos/-a!) [ſpápvy;, pharynx; yżóoga, tongue]. Pertaining conjointly to the pharynx and the tongue. Pharyngo-glossus (far - in/-go-glos/-us) [pápv);, pharynx; yżógoa, tongue]. A muscle of lower ani- mals corresponding to the palato-glossus of man. Pharyngographic (ſar - in -go-graſ’ - i.4) [pépvyš, pharynx ; Ypáſpelv, to write]. Pertaining to pharyn- gography. - Pharyngography (far-in-gog/-ra-ſe) [ papvyš, pharynx; ypápew, to write]. A description of the pharynx. Pharyngo-laryngeal (far-in/-go-Zar-in/-je-a/)[jápv; ; , pharynx; %ópvyš, larynx]. Pertaining both to the pharynx and the larynx. P. Cavity, the lowest por- tion of the pharynx. P. Sinus, the pyriform sinus. Pharyngo-laryngitis (far-in/-go-lar-in-ji’-tis)[pápvyś, pharynx; 26pvyč, larynx; truç, inflammation]. In- flammation of both larynx and pharynx at the same time. Pharyngolith (far-in/-go-lith) ſpápvyš, pharynx; 2ſ60g, stone]. A calcareous concretion in the walls of the pharynx. Pharyngologic (far-in-go-lo/-ić) [pápvyš, pharynx ; Żóyog, science]. Pertaining to pharyngology. Pharyngology (far-in-go/-o-je) [pápvyš, pharynx; Żóyog, science]. The science of the pharyngeal mech- anism, functions and diseases. Pharyngolysis (far-in-go/-is-is) [pápvyš, pharynx; Žiotç, a loosing]. Paralysis of the pharyngeal muscles. Pharyngomycosis (far-in/-go-mi-Ao’-sis) [dapv) ;, pharynx; ſuikmg, fungus]. Fungous growths in the pharynx. P. leptothricia. See Mycosis zonsillaris Benigma. Pharyngo-nasal(far-in/-go-ma’-sa/)[pápvyš, pharynx; masus, nose]. Pertaining to the pharynx and the nose. P. Cavity, the upper portion of the pharynx; the naso-pharynx. Pharyngo-oral (far-in/-go-o/-ra/) [46pvyš, pharynx ; os, oris, mouth]. Oropharyngeal ; pertaining to both pharynx and mouth. P. Cavity, the oropharynx; the middle portion of the pharynx, communicating with the mouth. Pharyngopalatinus (far-in/-go-ſa/-at-iſ-mus). Syn- onym of Palatopharyngeus. See Muscles, Zable of Pharyngopathy (far-in-goff’-ath-e) [pápvyš, pharynx; Tráffog, disease]. Any disease of the pharynx. Pharyngoperistole (far-in/-go-per-is/-to-le). Synonym of Pharyngosterzia. Pharyngoplegia (far-in/-go-ple/-je-ah) [66pvyš, phar- nyx ; tāmyń, a stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles of the pharynx. Pharyngoplethora (far-in/-go-p/eth’-or-ah) [ºdpv);, pharynx; T276&pm, fulness]. Fulness of the vessels of the pharynx. Pharyngorhinitis (far-in/-go-ri - mi’- ſis) [6 & pvys, pharynx; bic, nose; trug, inflammation]. Pharyngitis with rhinitis; inflammation of the pharynx and the nose. Pharyngorhinoscopy (far-in/-go-ri-mosſ-ko-pe). Syn- onym of Khinoscopy, Posterior. Pharyngorrhagia (far- in -gor -a/-je - ah) [6.6 puj's, pharynx; byvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the pharynx. Pharyngorrhea (far-in-gor-e'-ah) [96puys, pharynx : bota, a flow]. A mucous discharge from the pharynx. Pharyngoscope (far-in/-go-sköp) [páply;, pharynx; Groſſeiv, to inspect]. An instrument for use in the visual examination of the pharynx. Pharyngoscopy (far-in-gos’-ko-pe) [pápvyš, pharynx; okoſſeiv, to examine]. Examination of the pharynx. Pharyngospasm (far-in/-go-spagm) [pápv);, pharynx; PHARY NGOSTAI’HiYLEUS 1064 PHARY NN ottaguóſ, spasm]. Spasmodic contraction of the pharyngeal muscles. Pharyngostaphyleus, Pharyngostaphylinus (far- in/-go-staf-i/-e/-us, far-in/-go-s/a/-i/-ī/-nus). Syno- nym of Palatopſaryngeus. See Muscles, Zable of Pharyngostenia (far-in-go-ste/-ne-a/.) [ºdpvyš, phar- ynx; orévôg, narrow]. , Narrowing or stricture of the pharynx. * Pharyngotome (far - in/-go - town) [pápvyš, pharynx; Topºff, a cutting]. A cutting-instrument used for in- cising the pharynx. Pharyngotomy (far-in-goº/-o-me) [ºdpvyš, pharynx; Topff, a cutting]. Incision into the pharynx. P., Inferior, a form in which the tissues between the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage are divided. P., Lateral, incision into one side of the pharynx. P., Subhyoidean, pharyngotomy through the thyro- hyoid membrane. P., Superior, pharyngotomy in which the incision is made between the anterior border of the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle and the trachea. Pharyngotonsillitis (far-in/-go-ton-sil-7-zis) [ºdpvyś, pharynx; Zonsiſ/a, tonsil; trug, inflammation]. In- flammation of the pharynx and the tonsil. Pharyngotyphus (far-in/-go-º/-ſus) [pápvyš, pharynx; Tü00g, stupor]. Whitish elevations on the tonsils which tend to ulcerate, seen sometimes in typhoid fever and probably due to localization of the typhoid poison in the tonsils. Pharynx (far/-īnás) [pápvyš, throat]. The musculo- membranous pouch situated back of the nasal cavi- ties, mouth, and larynx, extending from the base of the skull to a point opposite the sixth cervical vertebra, PHARYNx, OPENED PostERIORLY, SHOwing LARYNx, Tongu E, AND SOFT PALATE. A. Cartilaginous expansion of the Eustachian tube. B. Posterior nasal openings. C. Soft palate. D. Uvula. E. Posterior pillar of the palate. F. Tonsil. G., G. Pharynx, opened in median line. H. Base of the tongue. I. Epiglottis. K. Left glosso-epiglottidean fold. L. Superior opening of the larynx. M. Thyroid cartilage. N. Posterior surface of the larynx. O. Group of grape- like glands constantly ſound in this position. P. Upper extremity of the esophagus. I. Azygos uvulae muscle. 2. Levator palati muscle. 3, 3. Palato-pharyngeus mus- cle. 4. Salpingo-pharyngeus muscle. 5. Internal portion of the palato-pharyngeus muscle. , 6. Fibers proceeding from the middle of the palate and ending in the palato- pharyngeus muscle. 7. Superior fibers of the palato- pharyngeus muscle, going to interlace on the lateral and posterior surface of the pharynx with those of the oppo- site side. , 8. Inferior fibers of the palato-pharyngeus muscle, being inserted into the posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage near the , base of the superior cornu and pharyngeal aponeurosis. 9. Anterior fibers of the stylo-pharyngeus muscle, attached, 1st, to the lateral fold ..?'. epiglottis; 2d, to the *. cornu of the thy- roid cartilage at the base and superior margin. Io. Superior constrictor of the pharynx. MEDIAN SECTION OF MOUTH, PHARYNx AND LARYNx. where it becomes continuous with the esophagus. It I. Left nostril. 2. Upper lateral cartilage. 3. Inner portion is about five inches long and is narrowed at its termina- º º ºdºº. º: tion. It has four coats—an external fascia; a muscular 5. 1 (I (1ſ 6 til 1 Ol nateC O11C ar) (1 nt eatul S. ... l Il fel 1 O1 t Ulrbin- * ; c. 4: - * ---> º, tº • vari ated bone and meatus. 7. Sphenoid sinus. , 8. Posterior layer, consisting of the three constrictors, togethe with nasal ſossa. 9. Internal orifice or pavilion of Eustachian the stylo-pharyngeal and palato-pharyngeal muscles; a Fº I O. Yºur Pºlº, ; II. Yºle *c. à. fibrous connective-tissue layer; and a mucous mem- 2 IAU) () & Vall ;: I3. en 10-glossus muscle. I4. enlo-nyolci. t y g & I5. Mylo-hyoid. 16. Anterior pillar of velum palati. 17. brane extending to the base of the us ula, that IS covered Posterior pillar. 18. Tonsil. 19. Circumvallate papillae of in its upper part with columnar ciliated epithelium, in tongue. 20. Cavity of larynx. 21. Ventricle. 22. Epiglottis, its lower part with stratified epithelium. Mucous glands 23. Hvoid bone, 24. Thyroid cartilage. 25. Thyro-hyoid e e * * * * * membrane. 26. Posterior portion of cricoid cartilage. 27. and lymphatic follicles are abundant in the mucous Anterior portion. 28. Crico-thyroid membrane. membrane. A group of follicles extends across the PHASE back of the pharynx between the orifices of the Eusta- chian tubes. - 3 = y. * : 6 º -Ž º%2. §sº I6 I7 ſº º & º as &: 63 E. º MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNx. I. Orbicularis oris. 2. Pterygo-maxillary ligament. 3. Mylo- hyoideus. . 4. Os. hyoides. 5. Thyro-hyoid ligament. 6. Pomum Adami. 7. Cricoid cartilage. 8. Trachea. 9. Ten- sor palati. Io. Levator palati. II. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 12. Stylo-pharyngeus. I3. Superior laryngeal nerve , and artery. I4. External laryngeal nerve. I5. Crico-thyroideus. I6. Inferior laryngeal nerve. 17. Esophagus. Phase (fāz) [págic, appearance]. The condition or stage of a disease or physiologic function at a given t1nne. Phaseomannite (fa-ze-o-man/-iſ). See Inosite. Phasura (fa-zu/-rah). Synonym of Phantasm. Phatne (fat/-me) [páTvm, socket]. Same as Alveolus. Phatnorrhagia (fat-nor-a/-je-ah) [ÓðTvm, socket; 67)- vival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from a tooth- socket. Phausinx (faw'-singás) [paíčety, to roast]. or blister. Pheduretin (fe-du-re/-tän) [pheno/ (polvº, purple- red); 6tá, through ; oupéetv, to make water]. A phenol-derivative, occurring in fine, white, silky, acic- ular crystals, tasteless, hardly soluble in cold water, readily soluble in hot water. It is said to be a power- ful diuretic. Dose gr. vij-x v. Unof. Phelloderm (fe/-o-derm) [bezzóg, cork; 6&pua, skin]. In biology, a layer of green cells beneath the cork of certain stems (AEiðes, Zonicera, Spiraca, Deutzia, etc.). It is formed from the ental layer of the phellogen. Phellogen (fe/-o-jen) [pé2%óg, cork; Yevåg, producing]. In biology, cork-forming tissue ; cork-cambium, cork- meristem ; the ental layers of cork-tissue, possessing cellular activity. } A bleb 1065 PHENOL Phellogenetic (ſel-o-jen-et/-iją) [pe27.6c, cork; yevic, producing]. In biology, relating to the formation of phellogen. - Phenacetein, see Phenaceto/izz. Phenacetin (ſe-mas/-et-in) [phenol (polvić, purple-red); acetum, vinegar], Cio His NO, Aceſphemeſidin, a com- pound derived from carbolic acid, having antipyretic and antineuralgic properties. It is crystalline, tasteless, and almost insoluble in water. Dose gr. iv-xxx. Unof. Phenacetolin (fe-nas/-et-o-lin), CigFII,O,. A some- what irregularly formed name of a compound produced by the interaction of phenol, acetic acid, and zinc chlorid. It is used as an indicator in determining acidity and alkalinity. It is also called phenacetein. Phenanthrene (ſe-man/-thren) [pheno/ (polvº, purple- red); avěpaş, coal], C1, Hio. A hydrocarbon isomeric with anthracene, and found with it in the last fraction of coal-tar. It crystallizes in colorless, Shining plates, melting at IOO’C. and boiling at 340°C. ; it is insoluble in water, but soluble in fifty parts of alcohol in the cold, and in ten parts on boiling ; it is easily soluble in ether and benzene. P.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of Phenate (ſe/-nāt) [phenol (polvº, purple-red)]. Any salt-like compound of carbolic acid ; a carbolate. Phenazin (ſe/-naz-in) [phenol (poivus, purple-red)], Cls HaM,. A substance prepared by conducting anilin vapors through a tube heated to redness. It crystal- lizes and sublimes in bright-yellow needles, melting at 171° C. The phenazins are chromogenic parent- substances that yield dyes by the entrance of salt- forming groups (especially the amido-group). The eurhodins and safranins are included in this series. Phenazonum (fe-naz-o’-num). See Antipyrin. Phenetidin (ſe-net/-id-in) [pheno/(poivrš, purple-red)], Cs Hu NO. The body from which phenacetin is pre- pared by substitution. Phenetol (ſe/-net-o/) [phenol (Ooivš, purple-red); oleum, oil], C.H.S.OCs H3. A volatile aromatic-smell- ing liquid. P.-red. See Coccinin and Pigments, Conspectus oſ. Phengophobia (fen-go-fo/-be-ah) [péyyoſ, light; pé80g, fear]. See Photophobia. Phenic (fe/-nié) [pheno/(polvº, purple-red)]. Obtained from coal-tar. P. Acid. See Acid, Carbo/ic, and Aherzo/, - Phenicin (fe/-mis-in) [goiviš, purple-red]. A brown coloring-matter produced by the action of nitro- sulphuric acid on carbolic acid. Same as Pheny/- àrown. See Pigments, Conspectus of Phenicious (fe-nish/-us) [90iviš, purple-red]. Of the color of phenicin. Phenigmus (ſe-nig’-mus) [Öoivuš, purple-red]. A’ed Jazendice, a skin-disease, characterized redness, without fever. Phenixis, Phoenixis (fe-niks’-is) [goivºj, purple-red] Red color of the skin from irritation. - Phenocoll (ſe/-no-ko/) [phenol (polviš, purple-red)]. H * C.H.(ºeſNH)CH, Cloſii, N.O. The hydro- chlorate of phenol-glycocoll, a rapid and powerful antipyretic and a valuable nervine. Dose gr. viij– Xv, repeated at hourly intervals. It is also used as the hydrochlorid. Phenocoll appears as a white crystal- line powder soluble in water and alcohol. Unof. Phenogamous (fen-og'-am-us). Synonym of Phaner- agazzozºs. Phenol (fe’-mo/) [goiviš, purple-red], CºHA.O.H. Ben- zerze Phenol, Carbo/ic Acid', Creasote, a substance ob- tained from amidobenzene, etc., and occurring already formed in Castoreum and in the urine of herbivora. It is a colorless, crystalline mass, which gradually by diffuse PHENOLATE acquires a reddish color, and deliquesces on exposure to the air. It melts at 42°C, and boils at 183° C. ; its sp. gr. at O’ is I.O84. It possesses a characteristic odor, burning taste, and poisonous and antiseptic properties. It is slowly soluble in water, readily so in alcohol and ether. In a general sens: the word is applied to the homologous series of winich phenol or carbolic acid is the first member. The p/emo/s are compounds formed from benzene and its homologues by the substitution of hydroxyl for hydrogen in the benzene nucleus. They correspond to tertiary alcohois, as they contain the group COH, and all have weak acid properties. They may be monatomic, such as ordinary phenol, cresol, etc.; diatomic, as pyrocatechin, resorcin, hydroquinone; or triatomic, as pyrogallol, phorglucol. P.-blue, Cli H1N,O, a paste-like sub- stance of blue color. See Pigments, Conspectus of P.-camphor, camphor combined with carbolic acid. P. Colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of P. Sodique, an antiseptic substance said to be composed of car- bolic acid, gr. 188; caustic soda, gr. 31 ; distilled water, 3 iv. Phenolate (ſe/-no-lāt) [A/enol (polvº, purple-red)]. A salt of carbolic acid. Phenologic (ſe-no-loj/-ić) [paively, to bring to light; Żóyog, science]. Pertaining to phenology. Phenologist (ſº-no/-o jist) [patvetv, to bring to light; Żóyog, science]. One versed in phenology. Phenology (ſe-mo/-o-je) [patvetv, to bring to light; Żóyog, science]. In biology, the science of the be- havior of plants and animals to the periodic changes in meteorologic conditions. Phenolphthalein (ſe-mo/-/ha/-le-in) [poivus, purple- red]. A substance derived from phenol and phthalic acid and used as a delicate test for acids and alka- lies. One gram is dissolved in one liter of 50 per cent. alcohol. It is very delicate. Phenolsulphonic Acid (ſe-mo/sulfon/-ić) [//eno! (poivrš, purple-red); sulphurj. The “phenol-forming substance ’’ found sometimes in urine from which phenol is obtained. Phenolsulphuric Acid (ſe-mo/-sul-ſu/-rié) [phenol (polvić, purple-red); sulphur). An acid that exists in the urine in very small amount. Phenomena (ſe-mom/-en-ah) [patváuevov, that which is seen]. Plural of Phenomenon, 7. v. Phenomena of Transfer. Peculiar phenomena observed in hysterical patients. It has been found, in some cases, that the laying of a metal plate upon an anesthetic portion of the skin restores to this its sensibility, while simultaneously a corresponding area on the opposite side of the body, previously normal, be- comes anesthetic. Frequently the sensibility oscillates from one side to the other. If the metal is placed first on an area possessing normal sensibility, this becomes anesthetic, while a corresponding zone on the anes- thetic side regains its sensibility. Other hysterical symptoms may present these same transfer-phenomena. Nor is their production confined to metallic plates ; other so-called esthesiogenic substances produce the same effect—thus, large magnets, weak galvanic cur- rents, static electricity, vibrating tuning-forks, mustard- plasters, and others. As to the nature of the curious phenomena, it is generally believed that they are due to suggestion. Phenomenal (ſº-nom’-en-a/) [ſhalvöuevov, that which is seen]. Pertaining to phenomena. Also extraordinary, startling, or exceptional to the ordinary course of events in nature. Phenomenogenia (ſe-mom-en-o-je/-ne-ah) [paivetv, to show ; yíyveotal, to be born). The origin of phenom- Gºna. * 1066 PHENYL Phenomenon (ſe-mom/-en-on) [datvánevov, that which is seen; from pauvetv, to shine; pl. Phenomena]. An event or manifestation, generally of an unusual character, P., Cheyne-Stokes'. Synonym of Cheyne-Stokes’ Respir- ation, P., Knee. Synonym of Patellar Zendom-reflex. P., Porret's, a wave-like motion seen in a muscle through which a galvanic current passes in a longitudi- nal direction. P., Westphal’s. Synonym of Patellar Zendon-reſſex. Phenomenoscopia (fe-nom-en-o-sko/-pe-ah) [paivetv, to show ; Groteiv, to examine]. The investigation of phenomena, especially of disease. Phenone (ſe/-nón) [phenol (polvić, purple-red)]. A ketone formed by the union of phenyl and a hydrocar- bon of the marsh-gas series. Phenophobia (ſe-no-fo/-be-ah). phobia. Phenoquinone (ſe-no-kwin/-än)[phenol (joivt;, purple- red); quinone], CisłII.O.. An oxidation-product of phenol. Pheno-resorcin (ſe - no - res - or/-sin) [phenol (poivrš, purple-red); resorcin]. A mixture containing carbolic acid 67, resorcin 33 per cent. Unof. Phenosafranin (ſe-no-saf’-ran-in) [phenol (polvić, purple-red); Fr., safran, saffron], CisſingN,Cl. The lowest member of the safranins, formed from phenyl- ene, diamin, and anilin. It consists of needles, green in color and having a metallic luster. It dissolves in water and alcohol with a beautiful red color. See Aigments, Conspectus of. Phenose (ſe/-nóc) [phenol (joiviš, purple-red)], CsPIs: (OH)6. A substance obtained by the action of a soda solution upon hexahydrobenzene. It is an amorphous, readily soluble substance, deliquescing in the air. It has a sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's solution, but is not capable of fermentation. , Phenozygous (fe-noz/-īg-us) [paivetv, to show ; ſūyov, yoke]. In craniometry, “having the zygomatic arches visible directly from above; having the bizygomatic di- ameter greater than the maximum transverse frontal diameter, and the angle of Quatrefages positive.” Phenyl (ſe/-mil) [90iviš, purple-red; Wm, matter],Cs Hs. A univalent organic radical. P.-acetic Acid. See Acid. P.-amid, a compound formed by the substitu- tion of one or more amido-groups for the hydrogen of benzene; anilin is a phenylamid. P.-amin. Syn- onym of Anilin. P.-auramin. See Pigments, Con- spectus of. P. Bisulphate. See Acid, Sulphocarbolic. P.-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of P.-car- bamate of Ethyl. See Phenylurethane. P.-endiamin C.H.,(NH,), Preferably diamidobenzene, a chemic substance of which there are three isomeric forms, distinguished by the prefixes ortho-, meta-, para-. P.- ethylene. See Styrol. P.-glucosazone, CisłI,NAO, ; a compound of dextrose with phenyl-hydrazin. It crys- tallizes in yellow needles, is almost insoluble in water, very slightly soluble in hot alcohol, melts at about 205° C., and is levo-rotatory when dissolved in glacial acetic acid. P.-glycerol, See Stycerin. P.-glycuronic Acid, a levo-rotatory, crystalline body occurring in the urine after the administration of carbolic acid. Dilute acid decomposes it into carbolic and glycuronic acids. P.-hydrazin, CºPIs N, a substance obtained from benzene diazochlorid by reduction with sodium sulphite or stannous chlorid. It is a colorless, peculiar- smelling oil, solidifying, when cooled, to plate-like crystals, melting at 23° C. ; sp. gr. I.O.91 at 21° C. It boils at 241–242°C. It dissolves with great diffi- culty in cold water, but readily in alcohol and ether. P.-h. Test (for sugar). Into a test-tube put 9% in. dry phenyl-hydrazin hydrochlorate; add pulverized sodium acetate an equal volume; and fill one-halſ of the tube Synonym of Photo- PHENYLENE with urine. Agitate until the sodium acetate is dis- solved, gently heating up to the boiling-point and boil for 30 seconds. Examine the sediment with the micro- scope for yellow, branching, needle-shaped crystals of phenyl-glucosazone. See Zests, Zable of P. Hydrid, CsPig, benzene. P.-lactosazone, C2, Hs, Na- O, a compound of lactose with phenyl-hydrazin; it is soluble in 80–90 parts of boiling water, and melts at about 200° C. It crystallizes readily in the form of yellow needles usually aggregated into clusters. P.-maltosazone, C2, HazM.O9, a compound of mal- tose obtained by the action of phenyl-hydrazin upon it in the presence of acetic acids. It crystallizes readily in minute yellow needles, is soluble in about 75 parts of boiling water, and still more soluble in hot alcohol. Its melting-point is 206° C. P.-mercaptan. See Thiophenol. P.-methane, (CH2 (CeBIs), a crystal- line hydrocarbon with the odor of oranges. It has the effects of antipyrin, in half the dose, being antirheumatic and analgesic, as well as antipyretic. Dose from 3 to 7 gr., in wine. P.-propionic Acid, C.H.O., a crystalline body which, when injected sub- cutaneously, causes albuminuria, glycosuria, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes death. If the sodium salt is given, large amounts of indican appear in the dis- charges. P. Salicylate. See Salol. P.-urethane, C, HiiNO, a white, crystalline substance made by the action of chlorocarbonic acid on carbanilic ether. It is also known chemically as pheney/carba- mate of ethyl and euphorin. It has the flavor of benzine, with an acrid after-taste; it is almost insol- uble in cold water, but is soluble in boiling water, alcohol and ether; I-5oo hinders alcoholic fermenta- tion. See Euphorin. P.-violet. Same as Aºosa- milin-violet. Phenylene (f/-mil-en)[joivuč, purple-red], CsPI. A bi- valent organic radicle. P.-blue. See Pigments, Con- spectus of P.-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of Phenylia (ſe-mil/-e-ah). Same as Anilin. Phenylic (fe-ni/-īk) [poiviš, purple-red]. Pertaining to phenyl. Same as Phemic. P. Acid. Synonym of Carbolic Acid. P. Alcohol. Synonym of Car- bolic Acid. - Pheocyst (fe/-o-sist) [patóg, dusky; Küoric, bladder]. Decaisne's term for the nucleus of a vegetable cell. Pheomyelitis (ſe-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [patóg, gray; plvežág, marrow; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. Phial (f/-a/) [ptáàm, a saucer]. A small glass bottle. Phialine (ſ/-al-in) [pid?m, a saucer, or patera]. In biology, saucer-shaped. Philanthrope (fil/-an-thrôp) [pt?ávěporog, humane]. A philanthropist. Philanthropic (fil-an-throp'-ić)[ſhtāāv6porog, humane]. Pertaining to philanthropy; benevolent. Philanthropism (fil-an/-thro-pizm). Same as Phil. anthropy. Philanthropist (fil-an/- thro: pist) [ptăévôpoſtoc, hu- mane]. One who loves mankind. Philanthropy (fil-an/-thro-pe) [othévôpoſtog, humane]. The love of mankind; benevolence ; charity. Philermum (fil-ur/-mum). Synonym of Mercaptan. Philetron (ſi-le’-tron). Synonym of Philtrum. Philiater %. [ºthelv, to love; tatpóg, physi- cian]. An amateur student of medical science; a non-professional observer of disease-phenomena. Phillips' Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Philoenia (fil-e'-ne-ah) [ptAeiv, to love; oivoc, wine]. Morbid addiction to strong drink. Philogynist (fil-oj/-in-ist) [ptAeiv, to love; yová, women]. A lover of women; the opposite of misogy- nist. - 1067 PHLEBEPATITIS Philogyny (ſil-oj/-in-e)[pt?eiv, to love; Yvvá, women]. Admiration for women; the opposite of misogyny. Philomimesia (fil-o-mi-me/-ze-ah) [ptWeiv, to love; paiumatc, imitation]. A morbid or insane love of mimicry. - Philomimetic (ſil-o- mi- met/- #) [Ötzeiv, to love ; putplmouc, imitation]. Characterized by philomimesia. Philoneism (ſil-o-me/-īzm)[ptačetv, to love; véog, new]. Abnormal love of novelty; the reverse of misoneism. Philopatridalgia (fil-o-pa-frid-a/-je-a/.) [pºeiv, to love; tarpic, fatherland; 32 yog, pain]. Homesick- ness, or nostalgia. * Philopatridomania (fil-o-pa-trial-o-ma/-ne-ah) [pt?eiv, to love; tatpig, fatherland; plavia, madness]. An insane desire to return home; excessive nostalgia, or homesickness. Philosopher (ſil - os/-o - ſer) [ptWeiv, to love; oopia, wisdom]. philosophy. Philosophic (fil-o-sof'-ié) [ptàeiv, to love; oopla, wis. dom]. Pertaining to philosophy. - Philosophy (ſi/-os'-o-ſe) [ptWeiv, to love; goºia, wis- dom]. The coördination of human knowledge. Science in its widest sense; also, any important branch of science. P., Natural. See Physics. P., Positive, Comteism, or the philosophy of Auguste Comte. Philter, Philtre (ſi/-ter) [pížtpov, a love-charm]. A love-potion; a preparation supposed to be efficacious in exciting sexual passion. Philtrum (fil/-trum) [61%rpov, a love-charm]. The depression on the surface of the skin of the upper lip immediately below the septum of the nose. Also, the same as Filter. Philydrous (fil-i/-drus) [ptàeiv, to love; ióop, water]. In biology, living in or frequenting water. Philypostrophous (fil-ip-osſ-tro-fus) [pt?eiv, to love; itóorpoºoc, turning back]. Recurring, as of a dis- eaSe. Phimosientomy (ft-mo-se-en/-to-me) [Öluoiv, to con- strict; £vropuſ, incision]. Incision of a constricted prepuce. Phimosis (ſi-mo/-sis) [ptuouv, to constrict]. Elonga- tion of the prepuce and constriction of the orifice, so that the foreskin cannot be retracted to uncover the glans penis. P. oris, narrowing of the opening of the mouth. P. palpebrarum. Synonym of Blepharo- phimosis. P. vaginalis, atresia of the vagina. Phlasma (ſiaz'-mah) [pääoua, bruise]. Synonym of Cometersion. Phleb- (ſleb-) [9%ip, vein]. A prefix meaning vein. Phlebangioma (ſleb-anje-o/-mah) [62.Éip, vein; &yyelor, vessel; 5p1a, tumor]. A venous aneurysm. Phlebarteriectasia (ſieh-ar-te-re-ek-ta/-ge-ah) [9%), vein; &primpia, artery; Śkragg, dilatation]. Varicose aneurysm. Phlebarteriodialysis (ſled-ar-te-re-o-di-a/-is-is) [02&lp, vein; aptmpia, artery; juážvaig, separation]. Arterio- venous aneurysm. Phlebectasia, Phlebectasis (ſleb-ex-ſa/-ge-a/, //eb- e&ſ-tas-is) [phéip, vein; &KTagic, dilatation]. Dilatation of a vein or veins. See I arix. P. haemorrhoid- alis. Synonym of Hemorrhoid'. Phlebectomy (ſeb-ek'-to-me) [62.Éip, vein; &KTouff, excision]. Excision of a vein or portion of a vein. Phlebectopia (ſleb-eſ-to-pe-a/) [6%ip, vein; ºr, out; TóToc, place]. The displacement or abnormal position of a vein. Phlebemphraxis (ſleb-em-fra/s/-is) [02&lp, vein; £ug- pašic, obstruction]. Plugging of a vein. Phlebepatitis (ſleb-eft-at-if-ſis) [92&lp, vein; trap, liver; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the portal or hepatic veins. A metaphysician; one who is devoted to PHLEBEURISMA Phlebeurisma (ſleb-u-riz'-mah). Phlebic (ſleb/-ié) [4%éip, vein], Venous. Phlebin (ſeb/-īn) [9%éip, vein]. Hoppe-Seyler's term for the venous blood-pigment as contained in the red corpuscles. See Pigments, Conspectus of Phlebion (ſeb’-e-on) [p2.Éip, vein]. A small vein, or venule. Phlebismus (ſleb-iz'-mus) [9%éip, vein]. Undue prom- inence or swelling of a vein. Phlebitic (ſleb-it'-ié) [92.Éip, vein; tric, inflammation]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with phlebitis. Phlebitis (ſleb-i/-tis) [9%éip, vein; trug, inflammation], Inflammation of a vein. P., Crural, inflammation of the veins of the lower limb. See Phlegmasia alba dolens. P., Gouty, that dependent on gout. P., Hyperplastic. Synonym of P., Proliferative. P., Obstructive, phlebitis leading to occlusion of the vein. P., Portal. Synonym of Pylephlebitis, P., Proliferative, inflammation of a vein character- ized by hyperplasia of the connective tissue of the vessel. It may be due to thrombosis—thrombo- Żhlebiffs, or to inflammation of the surrounding tissue —periphlebitis, P., Puerperal, inflammation of the uterine veins following parturition. erally follows thrombosis and is nearly always sep- tic in origin. P., Sclerotic, diffuse or localized thickening of the intima of a vein, analogous to ar- teriosclerosis. P., Simple, phlebitis not due to micro- organisms. P., Sinus, inflammation of a cerebral venous sinus. P., Suppurative, phlebitis going on to suppuration; this is a dangerous form on account of the distribution of septic emboli to distant organs that may take place. P., Syphilitic, phlebitis due to syphilis, generally seen in the portal radicles and umbilical veins of syphilitic new-born children. P., Tuberculous, a round-celled infiltration in the walls of a vein, due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus. It may proceed to induration of the wall or to casea- tion; it may also burst through the intima into the blood-stream. P., Uterine. See P., Puerperal. P., Varicose, inflammation of a varicose vein. Phlebocarcinoma (ſleb-o-kar-sin-o’-mah) [ºšib, vein; Kapkivoua, carcinoma]. Extension of carcinoma to the walls of a vein. - Phlebocholosis (ſeb-o-ko-lo/-sis) [ſp?&lp, a vein; 3.6%)olç, lameness]. Paralysis of the veins. Phlebodes (/eb-o’-dez) [6%éip, vein; eiðoç, like]. Re- sembling a vein; made up of veins. - Phlebodiastasis (ſleb-o-di-as'-tas-is) [6%éip, vein ; 6táo- Taoig, separation]. Separation of the ends of a cut vein; also, separation of two normally contiguous VG2111S. Phlebogenous (ſleb-oj/-en-us) [phéill, a vein; yewſ.g, producing]. Producing veins; a term applied to certain angiomatous tumors. Phlebogram (ſeb/-o-gram) [0%éip, vein; Ypáupta, a marking]. A tracing of the pulsation of a vein by the sphygmograph. Phlebographic (ſeb-o-graf/-ić) [0%éip, vein; Ypágetv, to unite]. Pertaining to phlebography. Phlebography (ſleh-og'-ra-ſe) [47&lp, vein ; )pájetv, to write]. The anatomy and physiology of the veins. Phleboid (ſleb/-oid) [9%éill, vein; eiðoç, like]. Per- taining to a vein. See also Phlebodes. Phleboidal (ſleb-oj/-da/) [9%éill, vein ; eiðog, form]. In biology, resembling veins. Phlebolite, Phlebolith (ſeb/-o-Wiz, feb/-o-lith) [6%éip, vein; 2ſ60ſ, stone]. Vein-stone, a hard concretion sometimes found in veins, and produced by calcareous infiltration of a thrombus. Phlebolithiasis (/eb-o-liſ/-ī’-as-is) [6%éip, vein; Žitoc, stone]. The formation of phleboliths. Synonym of Varix. 1068 It gen- PHLEGMASIA Phlebolitic (ſied-o-lit"-ić) [0%ép, a vein; Affog, a stone]. Of the nature of, containing, or characterized by, phlebolites. - Phlebologic (ſleb-o- loj/-ä) [42.Éip, a vein; Aóyoc, Science]. Pertaining to phlebology. Phlebology (ſleb-o/-o-je) [9%éip, vein; Aóyoc, science]. The science of the anatomy and physiology of the Veln.S. - Phlebometritis (ſleb-o-met-ri/-tis). Synonym of Phleb. ttis, Uterime. Phlebopaly (ſleb - op’-a/- e) [9%éip, vein; TáWWetv, to beat]. Venous pulsation. Phlebophlogosis (ſleb-o-ſo-go/-sis). A/h/ebates. Phlebophthalmotomy (ſleb-off-thal-mot/-o-me) [92.Éip, vein; 696a/16ſ, eye ; topuff, a cutting]. Scarification of the conjunctival vein. - Phleboplerosis (ſleb-o-ple-ro/-sis) [6%ép, a vein; TAff- poolç, a filling]. Distention of the veins. Phleborrhage (ſeb/-or-āj). See Phleborrhagia. Phleborrhagia (ſeó-or-a/-je-a/.) [phéiſ), vein; finyvival, to burst forth]. Venous hemorrhage. Phleborrhexis (ſleb-or-eks/-īs) [4%éip, vein; h;4, rup- ture]. Rupture of a vein. . Phlebosclerosis (ſleb-o-sk/e-ro/-sis). Synonym of Phlebitis, Sclerotic. Phlebostenosis (ſleb-o-stem-o/-sis) [9%éip, vein; orevóg, narrow]. Constriction of a vein. Phlebostrepsis (ſleb-o-strep/-sis) [4%éip, vein; orpépic, a twisting]. Torsion, or twisting, of a vein. Phlebothrombosis (ſleb-o-throm-bo/-sis) [62.Éip, vein; 606p3og, lump). The formation of a thrombus in a vein. Phlebotomania (ſleb-of-o-ma/-ne-ah)[62.Éip, vein; Touń, a cutting ; plavia, madness]. A rage for blood-letting; excessive fondness for phlebotomy. -> Phlebotome (ſleb/-o-tom) [6%éip, vein; touh, a cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in bleeding ; a fleam. Phlebotomic (ſleb-o-tom/-ié) [6%ép, a vein; topſ, a cut- ting]. Pertaining to phlebotomy. . Phlebotomist (ſleb-of/-o-mist) [42.Éip, vein; rou%, a cutting]. One who lets blood ; a bleeder. Phlebotomy (ſleb-of/-o-me) [2.Éip, vein ; touff, a cut- ting], Blood-letting from a vein. It was formerly performed with a spring-lancet; at present a straight bistoury or a scalpel is used. The vein most often selected is the median cephalic at the bend of the elbow. - Phlebs (ſlebs) [9%ép, a vein; pl., Phlebes]. Wein. Phlebypectasia (ſleb-if-ek-ta/-ze-ah) [6%áil, vein; iró, slight; Škraotº, dilatation]. Slight distention of a Veln. Phlebyperectasia (ſleb-i-per-ek-ta/-ze-ah) [9%éip, vein; iTép, excessive; ŠkTaoig, dilation]. Great distention of the veins. Phlebypostenosis (ſleb-ip-os-ten-o’-sis) [5%ip, vein; itró, slight; otevóg, narrow]. Slight constriction of a Veln. Phledonia (ſle-do'-ne-ah) [286oveta, babble]. lirium, or delirious utterance. Phlegm (ſtem), [p2.Éypia, phlegm]. A viscid, stringy mucus, secreted by the mucosa of the upper air-pas- Sages and which is expectorated or vomited; also, one of the four humors of old writers. Phlegmagogic (ſ!eg - mag - oft’- ?) [6%Yua, phlegm; &yoyác, leading]. Having the qualities of a phlegma- gogue; tending to expel phlegm. . Phlegmagogue (ſieg' - mag- og ) [6%éypia, phlegm; âyoyóc, leading]. I. Expelling phlegm. 2. A med- icine that expels phlegm. Synonym of De- Phlegmasia (ſeg-ma/-ze-ah), [phéyetv, to burn]. In- flammation. P. alba dolens., popularly called milk-leg. A painful swelling of the leg, beginning PHLEGMASIC either at the ankle and ascending, or at the groin and extending down the thigh. Its usual cause is septic infection of the genital region after labor. Two forms are described: The most common and most dangerous is a thrombosis of the veins of the thigh ; the other involves the connective tissues and lymphatic vessels. The dangers of the first form are embolism, general infection, or the extension of the thrombus into the inferior cava. P. malabarica. Synonym of Ele- phantiasis arabum. Phlegmasic (ſeg-ma/-zić) [p2.Éyetv, to burn]. Char- acterized by or pertaining to phlegmasia. P. Affec- tion, Gouley's term for a morbid process, one of the local nutritional changes, which, when visible and tangible, is ordinarily characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain, and which is now believed to be generally caused by microbic invasion. Phlegmatic (ſeg-mat/-ä) [pheyplattkóg, like phlegm]. Unfeeling, indifferent, apathetic. Abounding in phlegm. P. Temperament, the lymphatic tempera- ment. Phlegmatoid (ſieg"-mat-oid). Synonym of Phlegmatous. Phlegmatorrhagia (ſeg-mat-or-a/-je-ah) [$2.Éypia, in- flammation; 67) vival, to burst forth]. Coryza. Phlegmatorrhea (ſeg-mat-or-e'-ah). Synonym of Phlegmatorrhagia. - Phlegmatous (ſieg'-mat-us) [pääypia, inflammation]. Pertaining to or having the nature of phlegm. Phlegmon (ſieg'-mon) [4%eyuovň, inflammation]. An inflammation characterized by the spreading of a pur- ulent or fibrino-purulent exudate within the tissues. Phlegmonoid (ſieg/- mon - oid) [pheypovoetóñc, like phlegmon]. Resembling phlegmon. Phlegmonous (ſieg'-mon-us) [pheyptová, inflammation]. Of the nature of or pertaining to phlegmon. Phlegmorrhagia (ſieg-mor-a/-je-ah). Synonym of Ahlegmorrhea. - Phlegmorrhea (ſeg-mor-e'-ah) [6%Yua, phlegm ; bota, a flow]. A profuse discharge of mucus. Phlegmymen (ſeg-mi'-men) [??&yua, phlegm ; ipºv, membrane]. Mucous membrane. Phlegmymenitis (ſeg-mi-men-i/-täs) [6%éypia, phlegm; ipºv, membrane; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of a mucous membrane. Phlobaphene (ſlo/-baf-en), Cao Hi8O,s. A dark-red amorphous substance derived from hops, from the bark of various trees, and from sugar by the action of vari- ous chemicals. See Oak-baré, and Pigments, Con- spectus of Phloém (ſio/-em) [??otóg, bark]. In biology, that por- tion of a fibro-vascular bundle which consists of bast- tissue and sieve-tissue; leptome. Cf. Xylem. P.-ray, a plate of phloém-tissue between two medullary rays. P.-sheath, in biology, a layer of thin-walled cells surrounding the phloém-tissue; bast-sheath; peri- phloém; vascular Dundle sheath. P.-tissue, phloém. Phlogia (ſlo/-je-a/) [??oyia, a burning]. Inflammation. Phlogistic (ſ.9%is’-tik) ſp?oytoróg, burnt]. Pertaining to phlogiston; inflammatory. Phlogistor (ſlo-fis/-ton) [p?oytotóg, burnt]. A term formerly used by chemists to denote the inflammable element which was contained in combustible sub- stances, and which was separated from them during combustion. The term disappeared with the discovery of oxygen. Phlogmocausus (ſlog-mo-kaw'-sus) [pāoyuág, flame; zavoog, burning heat]. Inflammatory fever. Phlogochroma (ſlog-o-Aro’-mah) [??oyóg, burning; Apôpia, color]. The color due to inflammation. Phlogochymia (ſlog-o-ki/-me-a/) [pāoyóg, burning; Kvueta, chemistry]. The metabolic changes induced by inflammation. 1069 PHLYCTENOSIS Phlogogenic (ſlog-o-jen/-ić) [420).óg, burning; Yevvāv. to produce]. Causing inflammation. Phlogogenous (ſo-goſ’-en-us) [p?oyóg, burning; Yevåg, producing]. Producing inflammation. Phlogoma (ſo-go/-mah) [9%oyóg, burning; bud, tumor]. An inflammatory swelling. Phlogopyra (ſo-gop/-ir-ah). C&24,524.S. Phlogosin (ſo-go/-zim) [926; (??oy-), flame; #26).ogg, inflammation]. In biology, the name given by Leber to the crystalline body isolated from cultures of pyo- genic staphylococci. It induces suppuration when injected hypodermatically. Synonym of Phlogo. Phlogosis (ſo-go/-sis) [476) woug, a burning]. Inflam- mation ; also erysipelatous inflammation. Phlogotic (ſo-go/-ik) [??oyóg, burning]. Pertaining to or marked by phologosis, or inflammation. Phlogozelotism (ſo-go-ze/-of-izm) [p?oyóg, burning; Çmżowy, to be eager]. A mania for ascribing to every disease an inflammatory origin. Phloraglucin (ſo-rag-ſu/-sin). See Phloroglucin. Phloretin (flor-e'-tin) [20tóg, bark; hiſa, root]. A product of the treatment of phloridzin by dilute acids. Like that of phloridzin, its administration in suitable doses is followed by glycosuria or true diabetes. Phloretinic Acid (for-et-in/-ić). See Acid. Phloridzin, Phlorizin (flor-id/-zin, flor/-īz-in) [20tóg, bark; higa, root], Col H., Olo.2H2O. A bitter crys- talline glucosid occurring in the root and trunk of the apple, pear, and similar fruit-trees. It has re- puted value in intermittent fevers and in glycosuria. Its exhibition is, however, very liable to cause glyco- suria or true diabetes. In dogs large doses also pro- duce marked fatty infiltration of the liver. Dose gr. IO—2O. Unof. - Phloroglucin (ſo-ro-glu’-sin) [??otóg, bark; yºvkiig, sweet], CsPIgCs, or CsPIs(OH)3. A trivalent phenol found in many plants, especially in the bark of the cherry, pear, apple, and plum, and the leaves of the apple. It may also be obtained from different resins (catechu, kino) on fusion with caustic potash, or by fusing resorcinol with caustic soda. It crystallizes from water in hard, orthorhombic, yellowish crystals, sweeter than ordinary sugar, melting at 22° C. and subliming unaltered. It is employed as a test for lignin, giving a violet or purple coloration to lignified cell-walls previously acted on by hydrochloric acid. It is also employed as a decalcifying agent. See Stains, Zable of, and 7ests, Zable of Phloroglucinol, Phloroglucol (ſo-ro-g/u/-sin-o/, ſo- ro-g/ie/-ko/). Synonym of Phlorog/recin. Phlorol (fo/-ro/) [p?otóg, bark; o/eum, oil], CsPIO. A phenol found in creasote. Phlorose (ſlo/-roz) [9%0tóg, bark]. is probably identical with dextrose. Phlorrhizin (flor/-īz-in). Synonym of Ph/oridgin. Phloxin (ſo/s/-īn) [6%65, a flame]. A coal-tar color; the potassium salt of tetra-brom-di-chlor-fluorescein. It is similar to eosin. See Pigments, Conspectus of Phlyctena (/i4-te/-na/.)[6%ikTatva, blister]. An eleva- tion of the skin formed by an effusion of serum under the epidermis; blister; vesicle. P. pallida. See Ophthalmia, Spring. Phlyctenar (ſlić/-fem-ar) [6%ikTatva, blister]. Affected with phlyctena; pertaining to phlyctena. Phlyctenoid (ſlić’-ſen-oia) [6%tºratva, blister; elóog, like]. Resembling phlyctena. (Applied to a variety of herpes.) Phlyctenophthalmia (ſlić-ten-off-ſha/-me-ah). onym of Conjunctiviſis, Phlyctenzºlar. Phlyctenosis (flić-ten-o’-sis) [6%iktava, blister]. An eruption characterized by vesicles. P. aggregata, an A glucose which Syn- PHLYCTENOUS herpetic eruption in which the vesicles are situated closely together. P. labialis. Synonym of Æerpes Zabialis. P. sparsa, a form in which the vesicles are few and at considerable distances from each other. Phlyctenous (ſlić-te/-nus) [9%ktawa, a blister]. Per- taining to, affected with, or of the nature of, a phlyctena. Phlyctenula (ſlik-tem/-u-lah) [dim. of pâûkTatva, blis- ter]. A little vesicle or blister. Phlyctenular (ſlik-tem/-u-lar) [9%ikraiva, blister]. Having the nature of phlyctenula. P. Conjunctivitis, P. Ophthalmia. See Conjunctiviſis, Phlyctenular. Phlyctenule (ſlić-ten/-ii/). Synonym of Phlyctenula. Phlyctis (ſli/-tis). Synonym of Phlyctemula. Phlysis (ſii/-sis) [6%iotç, eruption]. I. A phlyctenula 2. A whitlow. Phlyzacion, Phlyzacium (ſli-za/-se-on, ſli-za/-se-um) [ºffſetv, to inflame]. A pustular vesicle on an indu- rated base. P. acutum. Synonym of AEcthyma. aczułu???. Phobanthropy (fo-ban/-thro-pe). See Anthropophobia. Phobodipsia (fo-bo-dip’-se-a/.) [póſłog, fear; 6tpa, thirst]. Hydrophobia. Phobodypson (ſo-ºo-dip/-son). Synonym of Hydro- phobia. Phobophobia (ſo-bo-fo/-be-ah) [pó80ç, fear; $630¢, fear]. Dread of being afraid. Phocenin (fo/-sen-in). Synonym of Trivalerin. Phocomelia (fo-ko-me/-le-ah). See Phocomelus. Phocomelus (fo-Aom/-e/- us) [pókm, a seal; pué20g, limb]. A monster with shortened or rudimentary arms and thighs, the hands and feet being attached almost directly to the trunk. Phoeniceous (ſe/-mis-e-us) [poivº, purple-red]. Same as Phenicious. Phoenicin (fen/-is-in) [poiviš, purple-red]. A name sometimes given to the coloring-matter of the blood. Phoenicism (ſe/-mis-izm) [poivuč, red]. A synonym of Al/easſes. Phoenigmus (fe-nig/-mus) [joivuč, purple-red]. See Phenigmats. Phoenodin (fe/-no-din) ſpotváómº, blood-red]. nym of Hemaſin. Pholis (fo/-lis) [poſ.fc, a scale]. Phonal (fo/-mal) [povň, voice]. or to sound. Phonascetics (ſo-nas-et/-iás) [povaalceiv, to exercise the voice]. Systematic exercise for the restoration or improvement of the voice. Phonate (ſo'-nāt) [pová, voice]. Sounds. Phonation (ſo-na’-shun) ſhová, voice, or sound]. The production of vocal sound. The larynx is the organ of phonation. Phonatory (ſo-na/-tor-e) [pová, voice]. phonation. Syno- A horny scale. Pertaining to the voice To utter vocal Pertaining to Phonautogram (ſo-naw/-to-gram) [gov%, voice; airóg, self; Ypáupia, inscription]. nautograph. Phonautograph (ſo-naw/-to-graf) [bovň, voice; airóg, self; ypápen, to write]. An apparatus consisting essentially of a membranous diaphragm, a lever, and a revolving drum, by means of which the vibrations of the air produced by the voice are recorded. Phonautographic (ſo-naw-to-graf’-34) ſhowſ, voice; airóg, self; ypáſpelv, to write]. Pertaining to a phon- autograph. Phone (ſon) [povh, sound, voice]. A vocal sound. Phoneidoscope (fo-mi'-do-sköp) [ſhová, sound; eldog, form; alcotreiv, to see]. An instrument for showing “ the lights and shadows of musical sounds.” Phoneidoscopic (ſo-ni-do-s/op/-ī4) [bovň, sound; The diagram of a pho- 1070 PHONOPSIA eiðoç, form; oroteiv, to see]. Pertaining to the pho- neidoscope. *. Phonetic (ſo-net/-īk) [povň, voice]. Pertaining to Sound. Phonetics (ſo-net/-iks) [ºovi, voice]. The science of the voice. Phonic (fon/-ik) [pová, voice]. Pertaining to the voice or to articulate sounds of the voice. P. Spasm, a rare form of laryngeal spasm occurring on attempts to speak, generally in those of a neurotic habit, or from over-exertion of the voice. Phonics (ſom/-īās). Synonym of Phonetics. Phonism (ſo/-nizm) [povň, voice]. A sensation, of sound or hearing, due to the effect of sight, touch, taste, or Smell, or even to the thought of some object, person, or general conception. Phonocamptic (ſo-no-kamp/-tić) [pová, voice; Kapit- tóg, a bending]. Reflecting or deflecting sound. Phonocamptics (ſo-no-Aamp/-fi/s) [povh, sound; Kaputróg, bending]. That branch of physics treating of the reflection of sound. Phonochorda (ſo-no-kor/-dah) [pov%, sound; xopóź, cord: pl., Phonochorda]. A vocal band. Phonogram (fo/-no-gram) [povň, voice; ypáppa, a writing]. I. The record of a phonograph, 2. A graphic character representing a vocal sound. - Phonograph (fo/-no-graſ) [povň, sound ; ypáðeuv, to record]. An instrument consisting of a wax-coated cylinder revolving under a stylus attached to a dia- phragm. The vibrations of the diaphragm, set in mo- tion by the voice, cause the cylinder to be indented by the stylus. When the cylinder is again revolved the movement of the stylus upon the cylinder throws the diaphragm into vibration and reproduces the original sounds of the voice. - Phonographic (ſo-no-graf’-ić) [pová, sound; ypápew, to write] Pertaining to the phonograph. Phonography (ſo-nog/-ra-ſe) [povň, sound; ypáðew, to write]. A scheme of short-hand writing in which the words are spelled according to their sounds. Phonologic (ſo-no-'oſ-ić) [pová, voice; %yoc, sci- ence]. Pertaining to phonology. Phonologist (ſo-no/-o-fist) [pová, voice; %yog, sci- ence]. One versed in phonology. Phonology (ſo-no/-o-je) [povh, voice; %yog, science]. The science of vocal sounds. Phonomania (ſo-no-ma/-me-ah) [pová, slaughter; uavia, madness]. Homicidal mania. Phonometer (ſo-nom/-et-er) [pová, voice; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the intensity of the voice, or current of air expired during phona-. tion. Phonometry (ſo-nom/-et-re) [pová, voice; uérpov, measure]. The measurement of the quality of the voice in thoracic disease. Phononosus (ſo-non/-o-sus). Synonym of Phomopathy. Phonopathy (ſo-no/-ath-e) [pová, voice; Tráffog, dis- ease]. Any disorder or disease of the voice. Phonophobia (ſo-no-fo/-be-ah) [pová, sound; $680c, fear]. A fear of speaking, in paresthesia of the lar- ynx, because of the painful sensation produced during phonation. Phonophore (fo/-no-fôr) [pová, sound; popóg, bearing: pl., Phomophori J. An auditory ossicle, viewed as a transmitter of sound. See P., Paladimo's. P., Pal- adino's, an instrument to facilitate hearing, consist- ing in a rod which connects the larynx of the speaker with the teeth of the listener. Phonophorous (ſo-noſ’-or-us) [pová, voice; bearing]. Conveying sound. Phonopore (fo/-no-por). Same as Phomophore, Phonopsia (ſo-nop/-se-ah) [pová, sound; bipic, vision]. $6poc, PHONOSPASM The perception of photisms or subjective color-sensa- tions, due to the actual sensation of hearing. Phonospasm (fo/-no-Spazm). Synonym of Phonic Spasm. - Phoradendron (fo-rad-en/-dron) [ſpáp, thief; 6évôpov, tree]. A genus of apetalous plants including the mistletoe. P. flavescens, American Mistletoe, para- sitic on the elm and hickory. It is poisonous, pro- ducing gastro-enteritis; it is also said to possess oxytocic and hemostatic properties. Phoranthium (ſo-ram/-the-um) (popóg, bearing; āv6og, flower: pl., Phoranthia]. Same as Climanthium. Phormia (for’-me-a/). Same as Pseudomorphin. Phorometer (fo - rom/-et-er) [popá, motion; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the intensity of light; also one for measuring the relative strengths of the ocular muscles. Phorone (fo/-ran), C, H1,O. A substance prepared by saturating acetone with HCl and permitting it to stand. It crystallizes in large, yellow prisms, melting at 28° C. and boiling at 196° C. Phoronomia, Phoronomics (for-o-mo/-me-ah, for-o- mom/-īās). Same as Phoronomy. Phoronomy (ſo-ron/-o-me) [popá, motion; vóuoc, law]. Kinematics. Also, the sequence of movements of the presenting part in the passage of the fetus through the parturient canal. Phosgen, Phosgene (fosſ-jen, fos/jān) [ºc, light; yevvāv, to produce]: Producing light. P. Gas, CO- Cl, carbonyl chlorid; a compound formed by the ac- tion of lighton a mixture of carbonic oxid and chlorin; it is a colorless gas with a suffocative odor; on cooling it condenses to a liquid that boils at + 8° C. Phosphammonium (fos-ſam - o'- me - um) [600%poç, phosphorus; ammonium]. A compound of the radicles phosphonium and ammonium. Phosphane Biscuits. A chemic food prepared in England from oat-meal. - Phosphanilin (fos-ſan/-il-in) [boopópoç, phosphorus; anilin], CsPIs. PH, Phenylphosphin ; a substance obtained by the action of hydriodic acid upon phos- phenyl chlorid. It is a liquid, boiling at 160° C. in a current of hydrogen, and possessing an extremely dis- agreeable odor. It sinks in water. Phosphate (fosſ-fit) [poopópoc, phosphorus]. A salt of phosphoric acid. As phosphoric acid has three re- placeable hydrogen atoms, we have three kinds of salts: (1) P., Normal, in which the three hydrogen atoms, or the six of two molecules, are substituted by metals, e.g., Nas PO, CasſPO,), (2) P., Dibasic, or P., Monohydric, in which two hydrogen atoms are re- placed by a base, as Na, HPO. (3) P., Monobasic, or P., Dihydric, in which only one hydrogen atom of the acid molecule is replaced by a metal or radicle, e. g., NaH2PO4. P., Acid, a dihydric or monohydric phosphate. P., Acid Sodium, the salt to which the acidity of urine is chiefly due. P., Alkaline, a nor- mal or acid phosphate of the alkaline metals. P., Ammonio-magnesium, a double salt of ammonium and magnesium combined with phosphoric acid. P., Bone, Cas(PO4)2, the normal calcium ortho-phosphate found in bone. P., Disodic, the phosphate of the blood. . P., Earthy, a phosphate, normal or acid, of one of the alkaline earths, calcium or magnesium. Earthy phosphates, as well as the alkaline, occur in the urine, the ratio being about one part of the former to two of the latter. For test, see Zests, 7able of. P., Triple, ammonio-magnesium phosphate, occurring in the urine, often in the form of crystals, generally in the shape of a coffin, hip-roof, or en- velop. See Urinary Sediments, Table of Phosphatic (fos-fat'-ić) [poopópoc, phosphorus]. Re- 1071 PHOSPHORESCENCE lating to or having the nature of phosphates. P. Cal- culus. See Urinary Calculi, Table of. P. Dia- betes. See Diabetes me//itus. P. Diathesis, that condition of the body favoring the deposition of phos- phates in the urine. g Phosphatid (fosſ-fat-id) ſpoopópoc, phosphorus]. Any member of a large group of phosphorus-compounds, found in brain-substance, and resembling the phos- phates. They contain phosphoric acid in which one, two, or three molecules of hydroxyl are replaced by various radicles. The phosphatids differ widely from each other in physical properties. Phosphaturia (ſos fat-u/-re-a/.) [600%poc, phosphorus; oùpov, urine]. A condition in which an excess of phosphates is passed in the urine. It can be diagnos- ticated by a quantitative analysis of the urine for phosphates by the uranium method. Phosphene (fosſ-ſen) [påg, light; paivetv, to show]. A subjective luminous circle or sensation of light caused by pressure upon the eyeball. See also Pay- atolyl. P. of Accommodation, a phospheme pro- duced by the effort of accommodation. P., Pressure. See Phospheme. Phosphenylic Acid (fosſen-i/-ić) [600%poc, phos- phorus; polvić, purple-red J, CsPIs H.,POs. A com- pound of phenyl and phosphorous acid. Phosphid (fosſ-fid) [poopópog, phosphorus]. I. Any compound of phosphorus with a single element or radicle. 2. A substitution-compound of phosphin. Phosphin (fosſ-ſin) ſpoopópoc, phosphorus]. I. Hydro- gen phosphid, PHs. 2. A substitution-compound of PHs, bearing to it the same relation that an amin does to ammonia. The phosphins are colorless, strongly- refracting, volatile liquids, possessing an extremely powerful odor. They are nearly insoluble in water. On exposure to air they are energetically oxidized, and usually inflame spontaneously. They readily combine with sulphur and carbon disulphid. They form salts with acids. 3. A yellow substance occur- ring as a by-product in the preparation of fuchsin. Phosphite (fosſ-fit) [poopópoc, phosphorus]. Any salt of phosphorous acid. On account of the three re- placeable hydrogen atoms, we have normal, dibasic or monohydric, and monobasic or dihydric phosphites, of which the first are least known. Phospho-glyceric Acid (ſos-ſo-glis-eſ-rié) [60-ºpoc, phosphorus; YAvküç, sweet], C.H.,POs. A liquid body obtained from lecithin. e Phosphonium (fos-fo'-me-um) [poogópoc, phosphorus]. The hypothetic, univalent radicle, PH, ; it is analo- gous to ammonium, NH4. Phosphorated (fosſ-for-a-ted) [906%poc, phosphorus]. Synonym of Phosphorized. P. Oil, a one per cent. solution of phosphorus in expressed oil of almonds, with the addition of a small quantity of ether. Phosphorenesis (fos-for-en/-es-is ) [600 pópoc, phos- phorus : pl. , Phosphoreneses]. Baumer's name desig- nating any disease due to excess or deficiency of calcium phosphate in the system. Phosphorescence (ſos-for-es/-ens) [90agópoc, phos- phorus]. The spontaneous luminosity of certain sub- stances, like that of phosphorus, in the dark. It is observed in decomposing organic matter, such as dead fish, wood, etc.; in the bodies of certain plants and animals, such as the marigold, fire-fly; in the excreta of some animals; in the growth of several species of bacteria; in natural or artificial media. The process is accompanied by oxidation. Several bacteria are known to produce phosphorescence. Thus, the Bacillus phosphorescenes (Fischer) is found in the sea-water of the West Indies. Another phosphorescent organism was found by Fischer in the harbor of Kiel. The PHOSPHORETED most common is the Bacterium. //losſ/lorescens(Fischer), which occurs on the decomposing flesh of fishes, on beef, or fat. The Photobacterium sarcophilum also has the property of producing phosphorescence. See A hologenic. - Phosphoreted (fosſ-for-et-ed) [900 pápoc, phosphorus]. Combined with phosphorus. Phosphorhidrosis (ſosºfor-hid-ro/-sis) [päg, light; (popeiv, to bear; iópág, sweat]. Phosphorescent sweat. A rare condition sometimes seen in the later stages of pulmonary tuberculosis and in malaria. Phosphoric (fos-for’-ić) [póg, light; popóg, bearing]. Pertaining to phosphorus. P. Acid. See Acids and Stains, Zab/e of Phosphoridrosis (for-for-id-ro/-sis). /hidrosis. Phosphorism (fosſ-for- izya) [poopópog, phosphorus]. Chronic phosphorus-poisoning. - Phosphorized (fosſ-for-72d) [poopópoc, phosphorus]. Containing phosphorus. Phosphorogenic (fos-for-o-jen’-ić) [poopópog, phos- phorus; yewvāv, to generate]. Producing phosphores- cence, as certain rays of the spectrum. Phosphorous Acid (fos-for’-us). See Acid. Phosphoruria (fos-for-tº-re-a/.)[poopópoc, phosphorus; oipov, urine]. Phosphorescence of the urine. Also, urine containing an excess of phosphates. Phosphorus (fosſ-for-us) [póç, light; popeiv, to bear]. A non-metallic element, having a quantivalence of 3 or 5, and an atomic weight of 3I. Symbol P. See Blements, Table of Phosphorus does not occur in the free state, but is widely distributed in rocks, in fertile soils, in animal and vegetable tissues, in urine and in guano. The human body contains a large quantity of calcium phosphate, in the form of complex organic compounds. Phosphorus is an important constituent of nervous tissue. In commerce it is prepared from bone-ash, or from sombrerite, an impure calcium phos- phate found in West Indian guano. Phosphorus may be obtained in several allotropic forms. Ordinary //losſ/ories is a yellowish-white, waxy solid, of a spe- cific gravity of 1.837. It melts at 44.2°C., and boils at 290° C. It is insoluble in water, soluble to a slight extent in olive-oil and in ether, freely in carbon disul- phid. Áed' or amorphous //hosphorus is formed when ordinary phosphorus is heated to 240° C. in an atmos- phere free from oxygen; also by the addition of a trace of iodin at 200°C. It is a dark-red powder, having a spe- cific gravity of 2. II, insoluble in carbon disulphid, non- inflammable, non-luminous, non-poisonous. Metallic 7:/o/o/edra///losſ/horus is an allotropic form produced by heating phosphorus in a sealed tube with melted lead. Its specific gravity is 2.34. Other modifications have been described. Phosphorus combines with other ele- ments to form phosphids, with hydrogen and oxygen to form a series of acids, known chiefly through their salts. Medicinally, phosphorus is used as an alterative in Osteo- malacia and in rickets. It is also employed in sexual im- potence, in threatened cerebral degeneration, and in neuralgia. Dose rºg to sº grain. Ordinary phosphorus is exceedingly poisonous; it causes a wide-spread fatty degeneration, most marked in the liver. Vomiting is one of the earliest symptoms, the material ejected being generally luminous in the dark. Jaundice appears usually within 36 hours, sometimes, however, much later. The liver is at first enlarged, but subsequently diminishes in size. Cerebral symptoms of an intense type occur—wild delirium, convulsions, coma. Death is generally due to ſailure of respiration and circulation. The urine in phosphorus-poisoning is albuminous, con- tains bile acids and pigments, and leucin and tyrosin. The treatment of phosphorus-poisoning consists in the See Phosphor- 1072 PHOSPHOTAGE administration of emetics and purgatives and of the antidote—copper sulphate or French oil of turpentine. P., Amorphous. See Phosphorus. P., Baldwin's, calcium nitrate. P., Black, a so-called allotropic form of phosphorus described by Thénard. It is be- lieved to consist of a phosphid of mercury or another metal. P., Bolognian, P., Bononian, barium sul- phate ignited with combustible substances such as charcoal. P., Brand's, ordinary phosphorus, so- named after its discoverer. P., Canton's, calcium sul- phid. P., Elixir, spirit of phosphorus 2IO c.c., oil of anise 2 c.c., glycerin 550 c.c., aromatic elixir q. S. P., English, ordinary phosphorus. P., Hom- berg’s, calcium chlorid. P., Kunkel’s, ordinary phos- phorus. P.-necrosis, a necrosis, chiefly of the jaw- bone, which affects workmen exposed to the fumes of phosphorus. P. oxychlorid, POCls. A fuming liquid of pungent odor. P. pentabromid, a yellow, crystalline substance of pungent odor. P. penta- chlorid, PCls; a white, crystalline, unstable powder, with an unpleasant, pungent odor. P. pentafluorid, PF; ; a colorless irritant gas. P. pentasulphid, P.S., ; an unstable crystalline compound. P. pentoxid, P.O; ; a colorless, amorphous substance produced by the combustion of oxygen. On account of its affinity for water it is used as a desiccating agent. P., Red. See under Phosphorus. P., Spt., phosphorus I.2 grams, absolute alcohol q. s. ad IOOO c.c. P., Thompson's Solution of. Synonym of P., Tinct. P. tribromid, P. trichlorid, P. tri-iodid, PBrs, PCls, PIs; halogen compounds of phosphorus; the first two are pungent liquids, the last a solid. Calcii hypophos- phis, Ca,(PO)s. Dose gr. x-xxx. Calcii lacto- phosphat., Syr., of the preceding 22, lactic acid 33, orange-flower water 80, sugar 600, hydrochloric acid, water of ammonia and water āa q. S. ad IOOO. Dose 3.j–3 j. Calcii phosphas praecipitat., Cas(PO4)2. Dose gr. ii-x. Ferri hypophosphis, Fe,(H3PO,)g, soluble in sodium citrate. Dose gr. v-x. Ferri, qui- ninae et strychninae phosphat., Syr., phosphates of iron and quinin aa I.33, Strychnin 4, phosphoric acid 8oo, sugar 6000, distilled water q. s. ad IO,OOO parts. Dose 3 j—ij. Hypophosphitum cum ferro, Syr., ſer- rous lactate IO, potass. citrate IO, Syr. of hypophosphites q. s. ad IOOO. Dose 3 j- 3.j. Hypophosphitum, Syr., calcium hypophosphite 45, potassium hypophosphite I5, sodium hypophosphite I5, dilute hypophosphorous acid 2, sugar 500, spirit of lemon 5, water q. S. Dose gj-3 j. Phosphatum, Syr., Comp., Parish's Chemical Arood, unof., has in each 3j phosphate of iron gr. jjss, phosphate of calcium gr. j. Dose 3 j-ij. Oleum phosphoratum, phosphorated oil, contains phosphorus I, stronger ether 8, expressed oil of almond q. s. ad IOO. Dose mi–v. P., Pil., each contains gr. rºw of the drug. Dose j-v. P., Tinct. (Bellevue Hosp.), unof., contains phosphorus gr. xxxij, absolute alcohol 3 xlvi, essence of vanilla 3 j, oil of orange-peel, 3 iij, alcohol q. s. ad 3 xlviij. Dose mux-gi. P., Tinct. (Thompson's), unof., contains phosphorus gr. j, absolute alcohol 3 v, glycerin 3.jss, spt. pepper- mint mixl. Dose mixx–3 j. Potassii hypophos- phis, KH, PO, Dose gr. v-x. Sodii hypophos- phis, NaH,PO, H.O. Dose gr. v-x. , Sodii phos- phas, Na, HPO. 12H,C). Dose 3.j-3j. Sodii pyrophosphas, Na, P.O. IoH,C), Dose 3 SS-3 ss. Zinci phosphidum, Zn, P., soluble in hydrochloric acid, irritant and poisonous. Dose gr. sº-ºo. Phosphotage (fos/-fo-fahj) [Fr.]. A method of im- proving wines by adding dicalcic phosphate instead of gypsum, as in the process of “plastering.” This does not increase the percentage of sulphuric acid nor decrease that of phosphoric acid. PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID Phosphotungstic Acid (fos-ſo-tung/-stik), Hu PW10- Oas + (H,0). A crystalline compound of phosphoric acid and tungstic acid used as a test for alkaloids and peptones. See Tests, Table of Phosphuret (fosſ-fu-ret) [600%poc, phosphorus]. A phosphid. Phosphureted (ſos/-fu-ret-ed). Synonym of Phos- phoreted. Phosphuria (fos-ſu/-re-a/). Synonym of Phospha- turia. Photalgia (ſo-ta/-je-ah) [$66, light; &%yoc, pain]. Pain arising from too great intensity of light. Photastrography (ſo-tas-trog/- ra -ſe) [ pºg, light; ãorpov, a star; Ypápetv, to write], . Astronomic pho- tography. Photesthesia (fo-tes-theſ-ze-ah) [póg, light; aioffmotº, sensation]. Sensitiveness to light. Photics (fo/-tiâs). Synonym of Optics. Photism (fo/-tizm) [$6ttopa, a lighting]. A sensation, as of color or light, produced by hearing, taste, smell, touch, or temperature, or even by the thought of some object, person, or general conception. Cf. Ahozzism. Photo- (fo'-to-) [póg, light]. A prefix denoting con- nection with or relation to light. Photobiotic (ſo-to-bi-o/-i/%) [póg, light; 3torticóg, be- longing to life]. In biology, living habitually in the light. - Photocampsis (fo-to-kamp/-sis) [póç, light; káulptg, a bending]. Refraction of light. Photocautery (fo-to-Aaw/-ter-e) [ piog, light; Kavtå- plov, cautery]. A cauterizing agency whose heat is derived from the rays of the Sun by means of con- centration by lenses. Photo-chemic (fo-to-Kem/-ä) [46g, light; xmueta, chemistry]. Pertaining to the chemic action of light, as manifested in its action on silver salts and certain other compounds. - Photochemist (ſo-to-Aem/- ist) [ pag, light; 2nuela, chemistry]. One versed in photochemistry. Photochemistry (ſo-to-kem/-is-tre) [ºg, light; xmueia, chemistry]. That branch of chemistry treating of the chemic action of light. Photochromatic (fo-to-Aro-mat/-34) [päg, light; Aſpöua, color]. Pertaining to colored light. P. Treatment, treatment of disease by colored light. Photochronography (ſo-to-Aro-nog’-raiſe) [póg, light; Apóvog, time; Ypápelv, to write]. The taking of suc- cessive photographs of moving objects. Photodermatic (fo-fo-der-mat/-ić) [päg, light; 6épua, skin]. . In biology, having a luminous skin or ex- terior; phosphorescent. Photodynamic (fo-ºo-di-nam/-ä) ſpäg, light; divaug, power]. Pertaining to the energy of light. Photodysphoria (fo - ſo - dis - ſo’- re-ah) [póg, light; Övogopia, excessive pain]. Intolerance of light. Photo-epinastic (ſo-to-ep-in-asſ-tié) [póg, light; $7tí, upon ; vaotóg, solid]. Pertaining to photo-epinasty. Photo-epinasty (ſo-to-eff’-in-as-te) [ºg, light; £rt, upon ; vaotóg, pressed close, solid]. In biology, downward curvature due to exposure to light. Photogene (fo/-to-jen) [påg, light; Yevvāv, to produce]. I. A retinal picture, or impression. 2. Shale-naphtha, a substance derived from bituminous shales, having a specific gravity of .800 to .810, boiling at I45° to 150° C., with a slight ethereal odor and peppery taste. It dissolves sulphur, phosphorus, iodin, fats, resins, caoutchouc, etc. It is sometimes used for illuminating purposes and for dissolving the fat from bones, and bleaching them, in the preparation of artificial ivory. Photogenic (fo- to-jen/- ié) [póç, light; yewfic, pro- ducing]. In biology, light-producing; phosphorescent, 1073 PHOTOMICROGRAPH as certain Schizomycetes. See under Bacteria, Syn- onymatic Table of - Photogenous (ſo-toj/-en-us) [90ſ, light; Yevåg, pro- ducing]. Producing light. Photogram (fo/- to-gram) [60ſ, light; Ypáppa, a writing]. A photographic representation of an en- largement obtained by the microscope. Photograph (fo/-to-graf) [ pag, light; Ypáðelv, to record]. The likeness of any object produced by the chemic action of light reflected from the object upon a surface coated with a chemically sensitive material. Photographers’ Cramp. See Cramp. Photography (ſo-tog/- ra-ſe) [pſog, light; Ypáðelv, to write]. The art of producing images of chjects by throwing the rays of light reflected from them upon a surface coated with a film of a chemically sensitive substance such as a silver salt. Photohemotachometer (fo/- to- hem/-o-tak-om/-et-er) [póg, light; alſua, blood; Táxog, Swiftness; plátpov, measure]. An instrument for estimating the velocity of the blood and at the same time photographing the changes in the level of the blood produced by the movements of the heart and of respiration. Photohyponastic (ſo-to-hi-po-nas/-tić) [póg, light; itó, under; vadróg, solid]. Pertaining to photohyponasty. Photohyponasty (ſo-to-hi/-po-nas-(e) [póg, light; iT6, under; vaaTóg, closely pressed, solid]. In biology, upward curvature due to exposure to intense light. Photokinetic (fo-fo-Ain-et/-74) [póg, light; Kav/Tukóg, causing movement]. Causing movement by means of the luminous rays of light. Photo-laryngoscopy (ſo-ſo-ſar-in-gos’-Ko-pe) [póg, light; Aápvyš, larynx; okoſſeiv, to examine]. The process of photographing the larynx by the aid of the laryngoscope. Photologic (ſo-to-lo/-i}) [póg, light; 7.6)0ſ, science]. Pertaining to photology. Photologist (ſo-ſo/-o jist) [90¢, light; 26 yog, science]. One versed in photology. Photology (ſo-to/-o-je) [ºg, light; 26).og, science]. The science of the nature and laws of light; optics. Photolysis (fo-fol/-is-is) [60g, light; Žigić, a loosing, setting free). In biology, the movements of proto- plasm under the influence of light. P., Apostrophe, when the chlorophyl-grains collect on the cell-walls which are parallel to the plane of incident light. P., Epistrophe, when the chlorophyl-grains collect on the cell-walls which are at right angles to the plane of incident light. Photomagnetic (ſo-to-mag-net/-ä) [pºc, light; uay- vàtmg, magnet]. Pertaining to the power of certain rays of the spectrum to render magnetic a steel needle. Photomagnetism (ſo-ºo-mag/-me/-īzm) [00c, light; ſº magnet]. The relation of magnetism to 1ght. Photomania (ſo-ºo-ma’-ne-ah) [90c, light; uavia, madness]. The increase of maniacal symptoms under the influence of light. Photometer (ſo-tom/-et-er) [påg, light; uérpop, meas- º An instrument for measuring the intensity of 1ght. Photometric (fo - to- met' - riá) [Óðg, light; ſuérpov, measure]. Pertaining to photometry or the measure- ment of light. Photometry (ſo-tom/-et-re) [ºg, light; uérpov, meas- ure], The measurement of light, its rapidity, in- tensity, etc. Photomicrograph (ſo- to-mi/-Aro -graf) [póç, light; Autkpóg, small; Ypáðelv, to write]. A photograph of a small or microscopic object, usually made with the aid of a microscope, and of sufficient size for observa- tion with the naked eye. Compare Microphotograph. 68 PHOTO-MICROGRAPHIC Photo-micrographic (ſo for wei-Aro-gra/-ä) [ poc, light; utºpój, small; Ypápetv, to write]. Pertaining to photomicrography. Photomicrography (ſo-to-mi-Arog/-ra-ſe) [póg, light; /ukpóg, small ; ) pābetu, to write]. The production of photographs of very small or microscopic objects, usually by the aid of a microscope, the photographs being of sufficient size for observation with the naked eye. In English this correct form is now almost in- variably used, but in French and German the term microphotography (Q. v.) is more commonly used with the meaning given. Photonosus (ſo-on/-o-sus) [biºg, light; vöcoç, disease]. A diseased condition arising from continued exposure to intense or glaring light, e.g., snow-blindness, etc. Photoparesthesia (ſo-to-par-es-theſ-ze-a/) [póg, light; Tapá, beside; aiothoug, sensation]. Defective, or perverted, retinal sensibility. Photophobia (ſo-to-fo/-be-ah) [päg, light; $680c, fear]. Intolerance of light; a symptom of inflammatory con- ditions of the eye, of certain diseases of the brain, and of hysteria. Photophobic (ſo-to-ſo'-bik) [ºg, light; póBog, fear]. Affected with, or pertaining to, photophobia, Photophobophthalmia (ſo-to-ſo - boff-tha/- me - ah) Synonym of AWycéa/opia. Photophone (ſo'-to-ſon) [90ſ, light; pová, sound]. I. An apparatus for the graphic representation of the character of sound-waves by means of a sensitive flame. 2. An instrument for the transmission of sounds to a long distance by means of rays of light. Photophysical (ſo-to-ſiz/-ić-a/) [póg, light; ºvoucóg, natural]. Pertaining to the physical effect of light; opposed to Photochemic. Photophore (fo'-to-ſor) [90c, light; popeiv, to bear]. An instrument for examination of the cavities of the body by means of the electric light. Photopsia (ſo-top'-se-a/) [60c, light; 5 pig, sight]. Subjective sensations of light, as sparks or flashes of fire, occurring in certain morbid conditions of the optic nerve, the retina, or the brain. It may be produced by sudden mechanical irritation of the eyeball. Photopsy (ſo/-top-se). Same as Photopsia. Photoptometer (ſo-top-tom/-et-er) [póg, light; &mp, eye; plétpov, measure]. An instrument for determin- ing visual acuity. - - Photoptometry (ſo-op-Zom/- ef-re) [póg, light; 5, eye ; piétpov, measure]. The measurement of the per- ception of light. Photorrhexis (fo-for-eks/-īs). campsis. Photosantonin, or Photosantoninic Acid (ſo-to-sam/- to-min, fo-to-san-to-min/-i}) [póc, light; oavrovºków a kind of wormwood], Cos HºOº. Sestini's name for one of the products of the decomposition of santonin as the result of exposure to sunlight. It occurs as quadrate plates, which melt at 64–65° C., and boil at 305° C. It is insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water, and easily soluble in alcohol and ether. Phototactic (ſo-to-ta/-tić) [póc, light; Tášic, arrange- ment]. In biology, pertaining to phototaxis. Phototactism (ſo-to-ta/-tizm) ſºc, light; to arrange]. Same as Photočaxis. Phototaxis (/o-ſo-ſa/s/-īs) [päg, light; Tášić, arrånge- ment]. In biology, the assumption of a definite po- sition with reference to the direction of the rays of incident light, as noticed in the compass-plant (Sil- phium laciniatum), and in the zoöspores of certain plants (Protococcoideae, Ulotric/aceae, Desmuideaceae). Phototherapeutics (ſo-to-ther-ap-u/-fi/s) [póg, light; flºpateia, treatment]. A method of treating disease by concentration of the rays of light through a lens. Synonym of Photo- tdooetv, gº 1074 PHRENOCOLIC Local excitement, proportional to the degree of the exciting cause, i. e., from a slight excitement to cau- terization, may be produced in this way. Phototonic (ſo-to-on/-ić) [90c, light; rôvoc, tension]. In biology, exhibiting increased vital activity under the stimulus of light; the opposite of paratomic, Phototonus (ſo-toº-o-mus) [póg, light; Tôvog, tension]. In biology, a condition of increased vital irritability or motility due to exposure to light, in contrast with the rigidity or quiescence produced by darkness. Photoxylin, Photoxylon (ſo-toks/-iſ-in, ſo-toks/-il-on) [Óðg, light; #0%0v, wood]. A substance derived from wood pulp by the action of sulphuric acid and potas- sium nitrate. It serves as a substitute for collodion in minor surgery, and as a medium for mounting micro- Scopic specimens. Photuria (ſo-ſu/~re-ah) [90c, light; oipov, urine]. Phos- phorescence of the urine. Phoxos (ſoks/-os) [pošóg, pointed]. a pointed or peaked head. Phragma (frag’-ma/) [ppáyua, a fence, partition: p., Ahragmata]. In biology: (1) a false dissepiment in a pericarp or other organ ; (2) any partition, septum, dissepiment, or diaphragm. Phragmidiothrix (frag-mid-e-o'-thriás) [ppáyua, fence; iðtog, one's own; 6píš, hair]. A name given to a genus of Schizomycetes resembling the Aeggiatoa. See under Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Phren (fren) [ppävl. I. Diaphragm. 2. Mind. Phrenalgia (fren-a/-je-ah) [ppäv, mind; &Wyog, pain]. Melancholia; psychalgia. - Phrenasthenia (fren-as-the’-me-ah) ſºphy, diaphragm or mind; dofféveta, weakness]. Paresis of the dia- phragm. Also congenital mental weakness. Phrenatrophia (fren-at-roºfe-ah)[hp#v, mind; ātpopia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the brain ; idiocy. Phrenesiac (fren-e'-ze-ak) [ppäv, mind.]. affected with phrenesis; an insane person. Phrenesis (fren-e'-sis) [ppévyog, insanity; ºphy, mind.]. Frenzy; delirium; insanity. Phrenetic (fren -et/- ié) [ºpffv, mind J. delirious. Phreniatric (fren -e- at’-rik) ſºphy, mind; tarputóg, therapeutic]. Relating to the curing of mental dis. orders. Phrenic (fren/-ić) [ppäv, diaphragm; mind.]. I. Per- taining to the diaphragm. 2. Pertaining to the mind. 3. A mental disease; or a remedy for mental disease. P. Artery. See Arteries, Table of P. Nerve. See AVerves, Table of Phrenicocolic (fren-ik-o-ko/-ić). Same as Phrenoco/ic. Phrenicogastric (fren-ik-o-gas/-trik). Same as Phreno- gastric. tº Phrenicosplenic (fren -ić-o-splen/-ić). Same as Phrenosplenic. Phrenicula (fren-i}/-u-lah) [ºphy, mind]. Brain-fever. Phrenismus (fren-iz/-mus). Synonym of Encephal. ttis. Phrenitic (fren-it/-i}) [ºpffy, mind, diaphragm; truç, inflammation]. Pertaining to, or affected with phren- itis. Phrenitis (fren-º’-ſis) ſºphy, mind, diaphragm; trac, inflammation]. I. Acute delirium ; inflammation of the brain, or its meninges. 2. Inflammation of the An individual with One who is Maniacal ; diaphragm. P. aphrodisiaca, erotomania. P. calentura, insolation. P. potatorum, delirium tremens. P. mania gravis. See Periencephalitis. P. typhodes. Synonym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. Phrenoblabia (fren-o-bla/-be-ah) [ppäv, mind; 336/3m, hurt]. Any disorder of the mind. Phrenocolic (fren-o-ko/-ik) [ppāv, diaphragm; kóżov, colon]. Pertaining to the diaphragm and the colon. PHRENOCOSTAL Phrenocostal (fren-o-kos/-tal) [ppäv, midriff; costa, rib]. Pertaining to the diaphragm and the ribs. Phrenogastric (fren-o-gas/-trik) [ppñv, diaphragm; Yaorffp, stomach]. Pertaining conjointly to the stom- ach and the diaphragm. Phrenoglottismus (fren - o -glot - iz/- mus) [ºpffy, dia- phragm; yºótta, tongue]. Spasm of the glottis ascribed to disease of the diaphragm. Phrenograph (fren/-o-graf) [ppäv, diaphragm; Ypá- pelv, to record]. An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm. Phrenography (fren-og/-ra-ſe). Synonym of Psy- chology. Phrenoin (fren/-o-in). Synonym of Phrenosin. Phrenolepsia (fren-o-lep/-se-ah) [ppäv, mind; Affipic, seizure]. Insanity. Phrenologic (fren - or loſ’- iſſ) [ppñv, mind; Aóyoç, science]. Pertaining to phrenology. Phrenologist (fren - o!’-o-fist) [ppäv, mind; %yog, science]. One versed in phrenology. Phrenology (fren-o/-0-ſe) [ppäv, mind ; 2670g, sci- ence]. The theory that the various faculties of the mind occupy distinct and separate areas in the brain- cortex, and that the predominance of certain faculties can be predicated from modifications of the parts of the skull overlying the areas where these faculties are located. Phreno-magnetism (fren - o-mag/- met - izm) [6 p # v, mind; udyvärmg, magnet]. Excitement of the organs of the brain by mesmeric passes. Phreno-mesmerism (fren-o-mez/-mer-izm). Synonym of Phreno-magnetism. Phrenonarcosis (fren-o-mar-Ko/-sis) ſºphy, mind; váp- Koog, stupor]. A dulling of the intellect. Phrenopath (fren/-o-path) [ppñv, mind; Tāffoc, dis- ease]. One who devotes himself to phrenopathy; an alienist. - Phrenopathic (fren-o-path/-ä) [ºphy, mind; Tráffoc, disease]. Pertaining to phrenopathy. Phrenopathy (fren-op/-ath-e) [ppáv, mind; Tábog, dis- ease]. Mental disease; psychopathy. Phrenoplegia (fren-o-p/e/-je-ah) [ºpffv, mind; tāmyń, stroke]. A sudden failure of mental power. Phrenoplexia (fren-o-pleks’-e-ah) ſºphy, mind; Tāſīšug, stroke]. Guislain's name for ecstasy, the patient be- ing motionless, the muscles tense, and the physiognomy expressive of strong emotion. Phrenosin (fren/-o-zin) [ppäv, mind], C, Her NOs ; a nitrogenous substance, one of the cerebrims, obtained from brain-substance. Phrenosis (fren-o’-sis). Synonym of Phrenopathy. Phrenosplenic (fren-o-splen/-ić) [ppäv, diaphragm; ot??v, spleen]. Pertaining to the diaphragm and the spleen. Phrenotherapy (fren-o-ther'-ap-e) [ppāv, mind; 6epa- treia, therapy]. Guislain's term for psychiatry. Phrensic (fren’-zić). Same as Phrenetic. Phrensy (fren'-2e) [ppäv, mind]. Insanity, mania, frenzy. Phricasmus (frić-az/-mus) [Öpikm, shivering]. skin. Phriciasis (frik-i/-as-is). Synonym of Phricasmus. Phricogen (frik/-o-jen) [ppikm, shivering; yevvāv, to produce]. A hypothetic principle of cold. Phronemophobia (from - e - mo-fo/- be - ah) [ppóvmua, a thought; p.63og, fear]. Morbid dread of thinking. Phronesis (from-e'-sis) [ºpóvmatc; ºpoveiv, to think]. Soundness of mind, or of judgment. Phrynin (frin/-in). See Bufidim. Phthalate (tha/-ät). Any salt of phthalic acid, P. of Morphin, used by subcutaneous injection. Dose, gr. 94 in 2 per cent. Solution. Goose- 1075 PHTHISIS Phthaleins (tha/-e-inz). The derivatives of phthalin, containing two phenol residues. They are dyes of great technical value, and are generally colorless, crystalline bodies. Phthalic Acid (tha/-ä). See Acid. Phthalin (tha/-in). A colorless body produced by the reduction of phthalein by means of nascent hydrogen. Phthaluric Acid (thal-u/-rić), Clo H, NO,. A color- less crystalline substance, fusible at 192° C. Phtharma (thar'-mah) [pffeipelv, to corrupt]. A mor- bid alteration of structure. Phtharsis (thar'-sis) [ºffāpatc, corruption]. Decom- position. Phtheiraemia (thi-re'-me-ah). Synonym of Phthiremia. Phtheiriasic (thi-ri-az/-i/2). Synonym of Phthiriasic. Phthinodes (thi - no’-dez) [ptively, to waste; eiðo., like]. Hectic ; phthisical or tuberculous. Phthinoplasm (thi’- no -ø/azm) [ºffivetv, to waste; TWäopia, plasm]. Degraded bioplasm ; a proposed name for the irritant material that causes degeneration of the lung-tissue, as opposed to that caused by tubercle. Phthiremia (thi-re/-me-ah) [ºffeipelv, to corrupt; alpa, blood]. A depraved state of the blood, with dimin- ished plasticity. Phthiriasic (thi - ri-asſ-ić) [ºffeip, louse]. by lice. Phthiriasis (thi-ri’-as-is)[66eip, louse]. Lousy disease; morbus pediculosus. See Pediculosis. Phthirius (ſhi/- re-us) [ºffeip, a louse]. Aediculidae or true lice. Table of. Phthisic (tiz'-ié) [ºffioticóg, consumptive]. I. Con- sumptive or tuberculous; affected with phthisis or tuberculosis. 2. A popular name for asthma. Phthisical (tiz'-ik-al) [offiotç, a wasting]. I. Per- taining to or affected with phthisis or tuberculosis. 2. Popularly, same as Asthmatic. P. Frame, P. Habit, a long, narrow, flat chest, with depressed sternum, acute costal angle, a fair, transparent skin, light complexion, blue eyes, winged scapulae, slender limbs. As to internal organs, the heart is relatively small, the arteries narrow, the pulmonary artery rela- tively wider than the aorta, and the lung-volume rather large. Phthisiogenesis (tiz-e-o-jen’-es-is) [96íoig, yévêqug, genesis]. wasting. Phthisiology (fiz-e-o/-o-je) [40ſoug, a wasting; 7.6×oç, science]. The study or science of phthisis or tubercu- losis; its causes, pathology, hygiene, and thera- peutics. Phthisiophobia (fiz-e-o-fo/- be - ah) [ºffiotç, phthisis; póſłog, dread]. Morbid dread of pulmonary consump- tion or tuberculosis Phthisipneumonia (thiz - ip - nut - mo'- me - ah) [90iotç, phthisis; Tveipuſov, lungs]. Phthisis or pulmonary tuberculosis. - Phthisis (thi’-sis, ti’-sis or te’-sis) [ºffſaic, ºffivetv, to waste]. Formerly any dyscrasia producing emacia- tion and death; a wasting or consumption. The term has been restricted to designate all pulmonary lesions followed by disorganization of lung-tissue, the forma- tion of cavities, loss of function of the lungs, loss of health, and death. It is usually tuberculous in nature, due to the action of a specific vegetable microörgan- ism, , the bacillus of tuberculosis. The onset of phthisis is usually very insidious, with gradual loss of strength and flesh, and with cough and expectoration and loss of appetite; it may commence with a bronchitic attack or with one or more attacks of pleurisy; very rarely it follows an acute croupous pneumonia. The Produced A genus of See Parasites (Anima/), wasting ; The production of phthisis or PHTHISIS 1076 most important symptoms of the fully-developed disease are cough, at first hacking, later loud, hollow, and paroxysmal; expectoration, frothy and viscid at first, later profuse, purulent, and nummular; fever of hectic type ; emaciation often very rapid, hemoptysis, dyspnea, pain, night-sweats, anorexia, and digestive disorders. The physical signs are flattening and re- traction of the Supra-clavicular and infra-clavicular regions, restricted movement of these regions, dulness on percussion over one or both apices extending to other parts of the lungs, altered rhythm of the respi. ratory Sounds, adventitious sounds on auscultation, Such as the presence of rāles of various kinds accord- ing to the progress of the disease. The duration of the disease varies from the rapidly fatal, in which death may occur in a few weeks, to the very chronic, lasting for years. The pathology usually consists in a deposit of tuberculous nodules, especially in and around the walls of the smallest bronchi; these nodules coalesce and eventually undergo caseation and softening. More rarely a fibrous change takes place, with the production of the more chronic form of the disease, fibroid phthi- sis, , Phthisis may occur at any age, and especially attacks those in whom there is an inherited predispo- sition or those who have been weakened by previous disease, poor food, poor hygienic surroundings, frequent pregnancies and prolonged lactation or the inhalation of poisonous vapors or irritating particles. Those in whom there is a strong family history of phthisis gen- erally develop the disease before the twenty-fifth year. It may occur in those of middle age, however, or in old age. The usual seat for the primary lesion is in one of the apices, the right a little more frequently than the left. After one apex has been attacked, the disease usually extends, first to the apex of the lower lobe of the same side, then to the other apex. The base is rarely primarily affected. P., Abdominal. See Zabes mesenterica. P., Acute. See A., Aczaze Pneumonic. P., Acute Pneumonic, a variety that occurs in two forms: (a) the pneumonic or lobar and (6) the broncho-pneumonic or lobular. In the former (a), a lobe or an entire lung may be converted into a dry, opaque, white or yellowish-white, cheesy substance, in which tubercles are scattered here and there. Very often there exists a cavity at the apex. The bronchial glands may be tuberculous. The cases usually begin with a chill and for a time run a course like that of croupous pneumonia. The crisis, however, does not occur; the fever becomes irregular, the sputum muco- purulent, soon presenting tubercle-bacilli and elastic’ tissue. Death may occur in a few weeks or in two or three months. (6) Acute tuberculous broncho-pneu- 7/zonia is most common in children and forms most cases of so-called phthisis florida. The smaller bronchi and air-cells become filled with a caseous material, consti- tuting small grayish-white areas. These may coalesce and produce a lobar caseous broncho-pneumonia ; but usually some unaffected tissue can be seen among the caseous areas. The symptoms of the disease are sim- ilar to those of catarrhal pneumonia; the tempera- ture, however, is high ; there is rapid loss of flesh and strength ; evidences of softening become manifest; tubercle-bacilli appear in the sputum. Death may occur within three weeks or the disease may lead to chronic phthisis. In children the disease commonly follows one of the infectious fevers, particularly mea- sles and whooping-cough. P., Amphiblestroid, atrophy of the retina. P., Bacillary, phthisis due to a bacillus. P., Basic, phthisis affecting primarily the base of the lung. P., Black, anthracosis. P., Bronchial, tuberculosis of the bronchial glands. P. bulbi, progressive shrinkage and atrophy of the eye. PHTHISIS ball. P. calculosa, pulmonary tuberculosis in which the exudates in the smallest lobules become infiltrated with lime, P., Cerebral, tuberculosis of the brain or its membranes, P., Chronic, phthisis running a slow course. P. combinata. Synonym of P., Acute Pneumonic. P., Diabetic, pulmonary tuberculosis in a diabetic patient, manifesting itself as a caseous broncho-pneumonia. P., Embolic, de- generation of areas in the lung, the seat of emboli from other organs, P. enterica, tuberculosis of the intestines. P., Fibroid, P., Fibrous ; I. Inter- stitial pneumonia. 2. Chronic tuberculosis of the lungs attended with the formation of fibrous tissue, which contracts, causes shrinking of the affected lobe, and sometimes bronchiectasis by eccentric traction on the bronchi. The pleura is usually very much thickened and the layers may adhere so tightly that it is impossible to separate them. P., Flax- dressers’, tabacosis occurring in flax-dressers. P. florida, acute phthisis speedily fatal—also known as galloping consumption. P., Galloping. Synonym of P. florida. P., Glandular, tuberculosis of lymphatic glands. P., Gouty, a chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes supposed to be due to gout. P., Granular. Synonym of Tuberculosis, Acute Miliary. P., Grinders’. See Grinders’ Asthma. P. ab haemaptoé, pulmonary tuberculosis apparently follow- ing hemorrhage from the lungs. It is not now believed that pulmonary hemorrhage can be the starting-point of tuberculosis, but it is looked upon rather as a possible very early sign, or as accidental and having no con- nection with the tuberculosis subsequently developed. P., Hemorrhagic, pulmonary tuberculosis in which extravasated blood is believed to have undergone case- ous degeneration. Its existence is questionable. P., Hepatic, tuberculosis of the liver; formerly, also the term meant abscess of the liver. P. ex inanitione, phthisis depending on inanition. P. intestinalis. Synonym of P. enterica. P., Knife-grinders’. Synonym of P., Grinders’. P. laryngea. Syn- onym of Tuberculosis, Zaryngeal. P., Latent. Synonym of 7%aberculosis, Zatemſ. P. lienalis, tuberculosis of the spleen; also splenic abscess. P. mammae, disorganization of the mammary gland, from suppuration. P. medullae spinalis. Syn- onym of Zabes dorsalis. P. mesaraica, P. mes- enterica. Synonym of 7abes mesenterica. P., Miners’. See Miners’ Phthisis. P., Mucous. Synonym of 7%berculosis, Miliary. P., Neurotic, phthisis occurring in the course of neurasthenia. P., Neuro-vascular, phthisis associated with neuro- vascular disease. P. nodosa, miliary tuberculosis of the lungs. P., Non-bacillary, pulmonary destruc- tion not due to bacilli. Miners' phthisis and grinders' phthisis are due to fibroid changes in the lung induced by the irritation of the dust inhaled. Ulcerative phthisis is probably always bacillary. P. oculi, atrophy of the eye. P. pancreatica, marked emacia- tion and general cachexia from disease of the pan- creas. P. pharyngea, tuberculosis of the pharynx. P., Phlegmatic, phthisis occurring in persons who in the earlier stages do not present emaciation. P. pituitosa. Synonym of P., Mucous, P. prostatica, tuberculosis of the prostate gland, P. psoasum, psoas abscess due to tuberculous infection. P. pul- monalis, pulmonary tuberculosis. P., Pulmonary. See Phthisis. P. pulmonum. Synonym of P., Aulmonary. P. renalis, tuberculosis of the kidneys. P., Rheumatic, phthisis said to be dependent upon a rheumatic diathesis. P., Senile, pulmonary tubercu- losis in the aged. P., Specific, breaking down of the lungs due to the bacillus of tuberculosis, P. PHTHISURIA 1077 splenica. Synonym of P. lienalis. P., Stone- masons'. See Grinders' Asthma. P., Syphilitic, syphilis of the lung is quite rare. See Syphilis of the Zung. P. of teeth, a condition of the teeth characterized by especial clearness and transparency, with frailness of structure, caries being ...” by con- stitutional weakness. P. testis, tuberculosis of the testicle. P. trachealis, tuberculosis of the trachea. P., Traumatic, pulmonary tuberculosis developing in a lung, shortly after a chest-injury without any external wound. P., Tuberculous, phthisis due to the bacillus of tuberculosis. P. ventriculi, atrophy of the mucous membrane and thinning of the coats of the stomach, with retention or even increase of the size of the organ. § Phthisuria (tiz-u/-re-a/.)[pffiac, wasting; oipov, urine]. A wasting state resembling that caused by pulmonary tuberculosis, but due to renal disease. Phthoë (tho/-e). Synonym of Phthisis. Phthoicus (tho'-ić-us). Synonym of Phthisical. Phthois (tho/-is) [4664, a pill]. Bolus, pill. Phthongodysphoria (thong-go-dis-fo/-re-ah) [966))og, sound; 6vo popia, annoyance]. Morbid sensitiveness to sounds. - Phthongometer (thong-gom/-et-er) [906)).og, voice; p1&tpov, measure]. An instrument used for measuring vocal sounds. Phthora (tho'-rah) [ptopá, decomposition]. I. Cor- ruption. , 2. Synonym of the Plague. 3. Abortion. Phthoric (thor/-ić) [ptopá, decomposition]. Causing decomposition. P. Acid. Synonym of Aydrofluoric Acid. See Acid. Phthoroctonos (thor-ok'-to-nos) [pffopá, decomposition; ztetvetv, to kill]. Feticide. Phulluah (ful/-u-ah) [E. Ind.]. An oleaginous sub- stance obtained from a wild East Indian plant. It is largely used by the hill-tribes for the cure of frost-bite and chilblains, and has been used with benefit in rheumatism, sprains, sciatica, etc. Unof. Phycinic Acid (ſi-sin/-ić) [pükoç, seaweed]. The name given by Lamy to the crystalline acid found by him in the Alga Protoccocus vulgaris. It occurs as white, opaque, tasteless, odorless needles, melting at I36° C. ; insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether and oils. It forms crystalline salts with alkalies. Its silver salt is white and insoluble. Analysis gives C, 70.22 per cent. ; H, II.76 per cent. ; N, 3.72 per cent. ; O, I4.30 per cent. Phycit (ft/-sit)[Öikoç, seaweed], Cº. HanCl2. A substance found by Lamy along with phycinic acid in the alga Protococcus vulgaris. Wagner suspects its identity with Brythrit or Erythroglucin, and Lamy's later investiga- tions confirm this view. It crystallizes in colorless, right-angled prisms, has a sweet, fresh taste, and neutral reaction. It melts at 120° C. Cf. Erythrol. Phycochrome (ſ/-ko-Kröm) [pikoç, seaweed; xpópla, color]. In biology, the complex blue-green pigment that masks the pure green of the chlorophyl in cer- tain Algae (Cyanophyceae). It is composed of phyco- cyanin, Scytomemin, etc. Phycocyanin (ſi-ko-si/-an-in) [ſpikoç, seaweed; kvavóg, blue]. In biology, a beautiful blue pigment, charac- teristic of the Cyanophyceae among Aſga. Phycocystitis (ſi-ko-sis-tiº-tis). Synonym of Capsulitis. Phycoerythrin ( fi-ko-er/-ith - rin) ſpükoç, seaweed; ëpv6póg, red]. In biology, the name given by Kützing, Askenay, Sorby and Schütt to the red portion of the compound pigment of the red Algae (Florideae), which is soluble in water. Kramer, who first described it, called it rhodospermin. The entire pigment is called by Schütt rhodophyl and the part soluble in alcohol, Alorideae green. - PHYLAXIN Phycography (ſi-kog/-ra-ſe) [ſpikoç, seaweed ; Ypápetv, to write]. A description of Alga!. Phycohematin (ſi-Ao - hem/-at-in ) [diſcog, seaweed ; aipártvog, of blood, bloody]. In biology, the name given by Kützing to the peculiar blood-red pigment obtained from the marine alga ACytºplasa tinctoria. It is precipitated in flakes by alcohol from the cold watery solution which has been evaporated to a syrupy consistency. Phycologist (f - Ao/-o-fist) [ pikoç, seaweed ; 26)0c, science]. One versed in phycology. Phycology (ſ. -AoA'-o'-je) [ pikoç, seaweed ; 7.6).oc, science]. The botany of the Aſgae or seaweeds. Phycomater (fi-ko-ma/-ter) [bijkoç, seaweed ; piñTmp, mother]. The gelatinous substance surrounding the sporules of Algae. Phycomyces (ſi-kom/-is-ez) [ºkoç, seaweed; uíkmg, fungus]. A genus of Mucosini. Phycophaein (ſi-ko’-fe-in) [pikoç, seaweed; patóc, dusky, dun]. In biology, that reddish-brown pig- ment, soluble in water, which forms part of the color- ing-matter (phaeophy/) of the Fucaceae and Phaos- porea among A/ga. Cf. A hycoxanthin, Fucoxanthin. Phycoxanthin (f: - Aoks -an/-thin ) [ jūkoç, seaweed ; §avóóg, yellow]. In biology, the yellow coloring- matter, soluble in alcohol, forming part of the com- pound pigment (phaeophy/ ; diatomiz) of certain Algae (Fucaceae, Phaeosporea, Diatomaceae). Phyganthropia (ſi-gan - thro’-pe-ah) [ puyſ, flight; äväpoſtog, men]. Morbid dread of human society. Phygantrus (ſi-gam/-trus) [peiyelv, to flee; divipov, cave]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the dis- tance between the perpendicular drawn from the most prominent point of the torus frontalis to the radius fixus, and that from the nasion to the same line is between 6 and I2 mm. Phygedema (ft-ge-de/-mah) [pei Yelv, to flee; oiómua, edemal. Transient edema. Phygethlon (ſi-geth/-lon) [ſpiyeſ}}ov, a glandular swell- ing]. An inflammatory nodule of the skin. Phygogalactic (ſº-go-gal-a/-tić) [ºvyčiv, to avoid; Yáža, milk]. I. Stopping the secretion of milk. 2. An agent that checks the secretion of milk. Phygometopus (ſi-go-met-o/-pus) [peiyely, to flee; uétoſtov, forehead]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the bregma and the nasal point is between 8° and 33.5°. Phygopisthius (f-go-pis/-the-us) [petyetv, to flee; öttoffe, behind]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the lambda and the inion is between Ioë° and 127°. Phygoprosopus (fi-go-pros’-o-pus) [beiyetv, to flee; Tpóootov, face]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the nasion and the alveolar point is between 38° and 66.5°. Phygorrhinus (ſi-gor-i/-nus) [beiyetv, to flee; hic, nose]. Lissauer’s term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the nasion and the subnasal point is between 36° and 66.5°. Phylacterion (ſi-lak-teſ-re-on) [60%aş, guard]. The same as Phylactery. Phylactery (ſt-lak/-ter-e) [piña;, guard]. A charrn or amulet. Phylaxin (ſi-laks/-īn) [60%aš, a guardian, protector]. In biology, the name given by Hankin to an antitox- in or defensive proteid—called alexin by Buchner– found in animals that have acquired an artificial im- munity to a given infectious disease; as distinguished PHYLETIC from a sozin, i. e., a defensive proteid that occurs naturally in normal animals. Hankin recognizes two forms of phylaxin: (1) a Mycophylaxin, or defensive proteid produced in the body of an animal which has an acquired immunity to a given infectious disease, which has the power of destroying the pathogenic bacteria to which the disease is due; (2) a Toxophy- Jaxin, or defensive proteid produced in the body of an animal which has an acquired immunity to a given infectious disease, which has the power of destroying //e toxic products of Z/e pathogenic bacteria to which the disease is due. (Sternberg.) Phyletic (ſi-/eſ/-īk) [ºväff, a tribe]. In biology, phylo- genic ; relating to the tribal or ancestral history of an organism. Phyllaescitannin (ſil-es-it-an/-in) [90% ov, leaf; ascu- ſus, the genus of trees of which the horse-chestnut is a species; tannºn, tannin], C28H24O1a H2O. A tannin found by Rochleder in the young leaves of the leaf- buds of the horse-chestnut. Phyllanthus (ſil -an/-//ius ) [ pºžov, leaf; &v6og, flower]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants of some 450 species. P. emblica affords the so-called emblic myrobalans. (See Myrobalan.) P. niruri and P. urinaria are strongly diuretic. Unof. Phyllary (ſi/-ar-e) [pu%áptov, a leaflet; pl., Phyl- laries]. In biology, a leaflet of the involucre of a composite flower-head. ge Phyllerythrin (ſil-er/-ith-rin) [60%20v, leaf; Épv6póg, red]. The red coloring-matter of plants, especially that of the leaves in autumn. See Bry//trophyl. Phyllidium (fil-id’’-e-um) [4.0%Ov, leaf; dim, suffix— têtov : pl., Phyllidia]. In biology, a rudimentary ctenidium, as of a limpet; a capito-pedal body. Phylline (fi/-īn) [pížov, leaf J. Leaf-like; partaking of the characteristics of a leaf. Phyllobranchia (ſil-o-brang/-ke-ah) [púAAov, a leaf; 6páyxia, branchia, gill]. In biology, a gill in which the folia are arranged in rows upon a stem, as in crabs. Phylloclade (ſi/-o-º/ād). Same as Phyllocladium. Phyllocladium (fil-o-º/ö/-de-um)[pížov, leaf; K%ôoc, branch : p., Phy/loc/adia]. In biology, a leaf-like branch, as in the Cactaceae, Ruscus, or Psilotum. Phyllocyanic Acid (fil-o-si-an/-ić). Same as Phyl- Jocyanin. Phyllocyanin (ſ/-o-si'-am-in) [60%0v, a leaf; kūaovc, blue]. The bright-blue pigment of flowers, obtained from chlorophyl by the action of alkalies and of alka- line earths. Phyllocyst (ſiſ/-o-sist) [piºWov, leaf; ſciotic, bladder]. In biology, the cavity of a hydrophyllium. Phyllode (ſ/-ād). Same as Phyllodium. Phyllodium (ſil-o'-de-um) [4.0% ov, leaf; eiðog, form : Ž/., Phy//odia]. In biology, a dilated or flattened petiole taking on the character of a blade. Phyllodoce ( ?/-od/-o-se) [I., a sea-nymph]. I. A genus of oceanic hydrozoans. 2. A genus of poly- chetous annelids. P.-green, a green pigment found in Phy/lodoce viridis, not referable to any class of animal pigments, and not chlorophyl. See Pigments, Conspec- /zz. O/. Phyllody (ſiſ/-o-de) [ºv%óðmg, like leaves]. In biology, the reversion of floral organs to leaves; frondescence; phyllomorphy. Phyllogen (fi/-o-jen) [90% ov, leaf; Yevic, producing]. Same as Phy//ophore. Phyllogenous (ſ/-oj/-em-us) [ſpi/?ov, leaf; Yevſc, pro- ducing]. Growing upon leaves. Phylloid (ſ/-oid) [60%20v, leaf; elóoc, form]. In biology, leaf-like. Phyllomania (ſil-o-ma/-me-ah) [{{2%ov, leaf; ſuavia, 1078 PHYLOGONY madness]. In biology, an abnormal condition, as to the abundance or position of leaves. Cf. Pleiop/y/ly. Phyllome (fi/-öm) [pížňov, leaf]. In biology, any organ that may be regarded morphologically as a leaf. Phyllomic (ſi/-om/-ić) [pížov, leaf). In biology, of the nature of or resembling a phyllome. Phyllomorphy (fi/-o-morºſe) [ſpížov, leaf; ſtopſ, form]. Same as Phyllody; also Phyllomorphosis. Phyllophagous (fil-off’-ag-us) [ſpi}}ov, a leaf; payeiv, to eat]. In biology, feeding on leaves. Phyllophore (ſil'-o-for) [pížňov, leaf; popetv, to bear]. In biology, any leaf-bearing organ, especially the budding summit of a stem, as the palm. Phyllophorous (fil-off’-o-rus) [ºf WWov, leaf; hépetv, to bear]. In biology, producing leaves, or leaf-like or foliaceous parts or organs. Phyllopode (ſiſ/-o-pod) [60%20p, leaf; Toíg, foot]. In biology, the dilated sheathing base of the frond of cer- tain plants (Isaätes). Phyllopodiform (fil-o-pod/-iſ-orm) [60%20v, leaf; Toíſ, foot; forma, form]. In biology, resembling a phyl- lode. Phylloptosis (fil-op-to/-sis) [ptºlov, leaf; Tràgic, a falling]. In biology, the fall of the leaf. Phyllosteophyte (fil-os/-te-o-fit) [ft2% ov, leaf; botéov, bone; putów, plant]. A flat or laminated osteophyte. Phyllostomatous |fil-o-sto/-mat-us) [pü7%ov, a leaf; otópua, mouth]. Leaf-nosed, as a bat. Phyllotactic (fil-o-tak/-tić) [ºf Ažov, leaf; Tášic, order]. In biology, pertaining to phyllotaxis. Phyllotaonin (fil-o-ta/-o-min) [ſpížov, leaf). A crys- talline product obtained by the decomposition of chlorophyl. Phyllotaxis (ſil-o-taks/-īs) [60%ov, leaf; Tášic, order; Táooelv, to arrange]. In biology, the order of arrange- ment of the leaves upon the stem. Phyllotaxy (ſº-o-taks-e). Same as Phylloſaris. Phylloxanthin (fil-oks-an/-thin) [ptºov, leaf; £av66¢, yellow]. The yellow pigment associated with phyllo- cyanin in chlorophyl. Phylloxera (ſil-oks-e/-rah) [60%20v, leaf; £mpóg, dry]. A genus of plant-lice (Aphididae), nearly all the spe- cies of which are natives of North America. The grape-vine phylloxera or wine-pest (Phylloxera vasta- trix, Planchon) has caused great damage to all varie- ties of grapes. P.-mite, an acaridan (Rhizoglyphus phylloxera) frequently found in association with the Phylloxera of the vine, feeding, in its young state, on the juices of roots injured by the phylloxera, and, when older—according to Riley and Planchon—preying on the root-inhabiting type of that insect. This is denied by Foumouse and others. Phylloxerize (ſil-oks/-er-iz) [60%0v, leaf; £mpóg, dry]. To contaminate or infest with Phylloxera. Phyllula (ſi/-u-lah) [diminutive of piºWov, a leafl. In biology, the stage in the embryo of vascular plants at which the first leaf and root have appeared. (T. J. Parker.) Phylogenesis (ſi-losſen/-es-is) [pińov, ºv/h, race, tribe; yévegaç, origin]. Same as Phylogeny. Phylogenetic (ſi-lo-jen-et/-i/) [biſhov, tribe ; )éveolg, birth]. Pertaining to phylogeny. Phylogenic (ſº-ſo-jen/-i/) [biſhov, tribe; Yevåg, produc- ing]. Pertaining to phylogeny. Phylogeny (ſi-lo/-en-e) [hiſ?ov, ºväff, a tribe; Yevåg, producing]. In biology, the evolution of the phylum, race, group, or species; paleontologic evolution, as distinguished from ontology or individual evolution. According to Weismann's theory each phyletic varia- tion is due to a variation in the structure of the “ id’’’ of germ-plasm. . Phylogony (ſt-log’-on-e) [pińov, tribe ; yovſ, offspring]. PHYLUM The branch of embryology dealing with the origin of species by evolution. Phylum (f/-/um) [piſãov, pvā%, a tribe: pl., Phylaj. In biology, a primary division of the animal or vege- table kingdom. Phyma (ft/-mah) [pilga, a growth : pl., Phymata]. A circumscribed suppurative swelling of the skin. The word was formerly also used to designate any one of a class of diseases including erysipelas, edema, emphy- sema, scirrhus, etc. Also, a genus of diseases includ- ing hordeolum, sycosis, and anthrax. The term now de- notes a localized plastic exudate larger than a tubercle. Phymacerite (f - masſ-er-it) [pipia, a tumor; képaç, horn]. In biology, the tubercle at the base of the second antenna, containing the external orifice of the green gland in Crustacea. (Bate.) Phymatoid (ft/-mat-oid) [pilga, growth; eiðoc, like]. Resembling a phyma or tubercle; a term describing a condition of carcinomatous growth distinguished by a dull-yellow color and a consistence resembling that of tubercle. - Phymatorhusin (f: - mat- or- ze/- sin) [pilga, growth.]. A pigment found by Nencki in the metastatic de- posits of a melanotic sarcoma of the skin. It con- tains sulphur is insoluble in alcohol, in water, and in ether, but dissolves readily in ammonia, and in alka- line carbonates. It is free from iron. Phymatosis (ſi-mat-of-sis) [pilga, tubercle; v6oog, dis- ease: pl., Phymatoses]. Any tuberculous or scrofu- lous disease. - Phymocnidosis (ſi-mok-mid-o/-sis). thema nodosum. Phymolepra (ſi-mo-leg'-rah). Tuberculous. Phymosis (ſi-mo/-sis). Synonym of Phimosis. Phypella (ſº-pe/-ah) [ºua, growth ; Té%a, skin]. An old name for boil. - Phyraliphore (ſi-ra/-äfor). One of certain cells con- taining vesicles or cavities called by Virchow Phy- salides, and supposed to take part in endogenous cell- formation (Von Korsinsky). See Physalis. Physa (ſ.7-sah) [pica, air]. Bulla or pustule. Physagogue (fis/-ag-og) [pioa, wind; dyoyóg, lead- ing]. I. Carminative. 2. An agent that expels flatus. Physalide (ſis/-al-id) ſºvoa2%ic, bladder]. The ves- icular tuft of the chorion as seen in the vesicular mole. Synonym of Physalis. Physalidocnidosis (ſis-al-id-ok-mid-of-sis). of Urticaria bullosa. Physalin (ſis/-al-in) [ºga%ic, a bladder], C.H.O. A non-nitrogenous body found in 1852 by Dessaigues and Chautard in Physalis alkekengi, it has been used in place of quinin, Physalis (ſis/-al-is) [ºvoa2%iç, a bladder]. A genus of solanaceous herbs, mostly American, P. alkekengi, the strawberry tomato, Jerusalem cherry, or Juden- kirsche of Europe, and P. viscosa, of N. America, are diuretic. Unof. Physalis (ſis/-a/-äs) [Övoa2%íg, bladder: pl., Physa- ſides]. A name given by Virchow to the large giant epithelial cell of giant-cell carcinoma. Physasthma (ſis-ast/-mah)[püoa, wind; iotua, asthma]. Asthma due to, or complicated with, emphysema. Physconia (ſis - Ko/- me - ah) [bijokov, paunch]. . Any abdominal enlargement, especially from tympanites. P. adiposa, corpulency. P. aquosa, ascites. P. biliosa, distention of the gall-bladder. P. mesen- terica. Synonym of Tabes mesenterica. Physechema (ſis-ek-e'-mah). Synonym of Sound, Ac//ozos. Physechos (ſis-ek/-os) [votiv, to blow; #26, sound]. Vesicular murmur. Synonym of Ery- Synonym of Zeprosy, Synonym 1079 PHYSIOGNOMIST Physema (ſt-se/-mah) [ piomua; pugāv, to blow]. A bellows-like action of the lungs. Physesis (ft-se/-sis). Synonym of Physema. Physianthropy (fiz-e-an/-thro-pe) ſpüoug, nature; av. floorog, man]. The study of the human constitution and of the diseases of man. Physiatrics (fiz-e - at’- riks) [pígug, nature; tarpeia, treatment]. The power of nature in curing disease: zyżs medicatrix 72atzeza. . Physiautocracy (ſiz-e-aw-to.4/-ra-ce) [püoug, nature; airóg, self; Kpateiv, to rule]. The power of nature. Physiautotherapia (ſiz-e-aw-to-ther-a/-pe-a/.) [ptolº, nature; airóg, self; tepatrewelv, to cure]. Strictly expectant treatment. Physic (fiz'-ić) [pilatº, nature]. The science of medi- cine. Also, a medicine, especially a cathartic. Also, stannic tetrachlorid, a mordant used in dyeing. P. Nut. See Aarbadoes Aut. P.-root. See Zep- Zazzara. Physical (ſ.2/-ić-al) [?votkóc, physical]. Pertaining to nature or to physics. Also, pertaining to the body or material things, in contradistinction to the mind, or metaphysical things. P. Diagnosis, the investigation of disease by the direct aid of the senses, sight, touch, hearing. P. Education, the training of the body by means of gymnastics, etc. P. Examination, ex- amination of the patient’s body to determine the con- dition of the various organs and parts. P. Signs, the phenomena observed on inspection, palpation, percus- sion, auscultation, mensuration, or combinations of these methods, etc. Physicalist (ft2'-ik-a/-äst) [bijatº, nature]. One who maintains that the physical constitution dominates the intellectual and moral nature. Physician (fiz-ish'-an) [pilotſ, nature]. One who practices medicine. Formerly, a natural, philosopher. P.-ship, the office of physician. Physicist (ſiz/-is-ist) [pivotſ, nature]. In biology, one who holds that vital phenomena are purely physical and chemic. One learned in the science of physics. Physick's Encysted Rectum. A rare disease of ad- vanced age consisting in an hypertrophy, and some- times of an inflammation, of the natural rectal sacs, which become dilated also. It is attended with burn- ing pain at the anus and adjacent parts and an in- creased mucous secretion. See Diseases, Zable of. P.'s Splint. A long splint, a modification of Desault’s splint for fracture of the femur. Physico-chemic (ſiz/-ić-o-kem/-ié) [pilotſ, nature; 27geta, chemistry]. Being both physical and chemic. Physicomental (ſiz/- ié- or men'-tal) [ptolº, nature; mens, mind.]. Pertaining to physical and mental phe- nomena and their interdependence. Physics (fiz'-iás) [ptolº, nature]. The science that treats of the properties of matter, and of the laws governing it in conditions of rest and motion, and in its fluid, Solid, and gaseous states. P., Chemic, that branch of physics which is used by chemists to define substances. P., Medical, that part of physics having bearing upon medicine in any of its branches. Physiogenesis (fiz-e-o-jen’-es-is). See Physiogeny. Physiogenetic (ſiz-e-o-jen-e/-ić). See Physiogenic. Physiogenic (fiz-e-o-jen/-ä) [ptolç, nature; ) evyāv, to beget]. Pertaining to physiogeny, or the develop- ment of functions. Physiogeny (ſig-e-oj/-en-e) [Öfoug, nature; yetnºir, to produce]. In biology, the science of the develop- ment, genesis, or evolution of functions. Physiognomic (ſiz-e-og-nom/-ić) [pilotc, nature; ) vöum, knowledge]. Pertaining to physiognomy. Physiognomist (ſiz-e- og/- no - mist) [ pilotſ, nature; Yv6tum, knowledge]. One skilled in physiognomy. PHYSIOGNOMONIC Physiognomonic (ſiz-e- og - no - mon/-ik). Same as Physiognomic. Physiognomonics (ſiz-e- og - no - mon/- iés ) [600tc, nature; Yvépin, knowledge]. The science of physi- ognomy. Physiognomy (fiz-e-og/-no-me) [pivotſ, nature; yuáplm, knowledge]. I. The art of reading character by a study of the face. 2. The countenance itself. Physiogony (ſiz - e - og/- o – ne) [püoug, nature; yová, generation]. The production of nature. Physiologic, Physiological (fiz-e-o-loj/-ik, ſiz-e-o-loj/- ić-a/) [ptolç, nature; A6).og, science]. Pertaining to physiology; pertaining to natural or normal processes, as opposed to those that are pathologic. P. Antidote, an antidote that neutralizes not by its chemic power, but through its effects on the system. P. Excavation, the funnel-shaped depression at the center of the optic papilla, at the bottom of which the retinal vessels en- ter; it varies in size and form, but always has sloping walls, which distinguish it from a pathologic excava- tion, exhibiting vertical or overhanging walls. P. Selection. See Azo/ution. P. Units of Herbert Spencer, in biology, hypothetic, complex, protean units, intermediate between chemic units and morpho- logic units or cells. They are supposed to possess a polarity or aptitude to aggregate in the form of the particular species of organism to which they belong, just as the molecules of a salt possess the intrinsic apti- tude to crystallize in a particular way. The entire body is supposed to be composed of these units, mak- ing regeneration of lost parts possible, while the germ- cells are supposed to contain small groups of them, giving each germ-cell the power of reproducing the whole. The theory is one of epigenesis. See 2d, Ždant, idioplasm, plasome, microsomata, heredity, epi- genesis, Zazzgenesis, etc. Physiologism (ſiz-e-o/-o-jizm) [pilotſ, nature; A6)'oc, science]. The abuse of physiology. Physiologist (ſiz - e - o!’-o-fist) [ºvoaç, nature; Wöyoç, science]. One who is expert in physiology. Physiology (ſiz - e - ol/-o -je) [pilotſ, nature; Aóyoc, science]. The science that treats of the functions of organic beings, as distinguished from morphology, etiology, etc. P., Animal, the physiology of ani- mals. P., Cellular, the physiology of cells. P., Comparative, the comparative study of the physiol- ogy of different animals and of animals and plants. P., Morbid, the study of diseased functions or of functions modified by disease. P., Pathogenetic, P., Pathologic, pathology. P., Special, the physiol- ogy of special organs. P., Vegetable, the physiology of plants. Physiolysis (fiz-e-o/-is-is) [ptolç, nature; Wüelv, to dissolve]. The disintegration of dead tissue by the natural processes of decomposition. Physiomedicalism (ſiz-e -o- med’- iº - al- izm) [biotç, nature; medicari, to heal]. The professed use of matural remedies only, poisons and minerals being rejected. Physiomedicalist (fiz-e-o-med/-īk-a/-äst)[ptolç, nature; medicari, to heal]. One who professes physiomedic- alism. Physionomy (ſiz-e-on/-o-ºne) [piotç, nature ; vöſlog, law]. The science of the laws of nature. Physiophilosophy (ſiz/-e-off/-os/-o-fe). Synonym of Physics. Physiophyly (ſiz-e-off’-iſ-e) [ptolº, nature; iWov, a tribe]. In biology, the tribal history or paleontologic evolution of function, without reference to form. Physique (ſiz-e/) [Fr.]. I’hysical structure or or- ganization. Physocele (ſ/-so-sel) [püga, air; K%), tumor]. A 1080 PHYSOSTIGMA swelling or tumor containing air or flatus; emphysema of the scrotum; a hernia filled with flatus. Physocelia (ſi-so-seſ-le-ah). Synonym of Tympanites. Physocephalus (ſt-so-seſ/-al-us) [püoa, air; Kepažň, head]. Emphysematous swelling of the head. Physocolic (ſi-so-ko/-i}) [pilga, air; Kożuch, colic]. Colic caused by flatus. Physode (ſ/-sod) [pilotyś, a bladder]. In biology, the name applied by Crato to minute, refractive, bladder-like formations, found gliding about within the watery fluid in the lamellar systems of certain vegetable cells. In the brown Algae the physodes contain substances analogous to phenol. Physodin (ſ/-so-din) [p/lysodes, from pvca, air; piot);, a bladder]. A substance found by Gerding associated with Ceralophyllin, in the lichen Parmelia ceratophylla var. physodes, Ach. - - . Physodyspnea (f/-so-disp-me/-ah) [pilga, air; dug-, diſ. ficult; Trvéetv, to breathe]. Dyspnea due to emphy- SCIIla. Physohematometra (f/-so-hem/-at-o-me/-trah) [pilga, air; alpa, blood; puffTpa, uterus]. An accumulation of gas, or air, and blood in the uterus, as in decomposi- tion of retained menses, or placental tissue. Physohydrometra (f/-so-hi/-dro-me/-trah) [püga, air; $600, water; uſirpa, womb). An accumulation of gas and water in the uterus. Physology (ſi-sol/-o-je) [püoa, air; 26)0g, science]. The study of flatulence. Physometer (ſ; - som/-et-er) [600a, air; ſuérpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining variations in the volume of a confined body of air. Physometra (ft-so-me/-tra/.) [pilga, air; uſtpa, womb). A distention of the womb with gas, produced by the decomposition of its contents. Physomycetes (ſt-so-mi-se/-/ez) [püoa, bellows; utkmg, fungus]. A class of Fungi characterized by a total absence of hymenium. Physoncus (ſº-song/-kus) [pilga, air; bykoç, tumor]. A swelling due to the presence of air. Physoscheocele (ſº-sos/-ke-o-sel) [pilga, air; boxeov, scrotum ; Khàm, tumor]. Emphysema of the scrotum. Physospasmus (ſt-so-spaz/-mus)[pioa, air, flatus; otáo- plóg, spasm]. Flatulent colic. Physosterin (f - sos/-fer-in) [pilga, bellows; oréap, fat]. An inert fatty or cholesterin-like substance oc- curring in the Calabar bean, Physostigma (ſi-sos-fig7-mah) [pilga, bellows; otſyua, stigma}. Calabar Bean, Ordeal Nut. The seed of P. venenosum, native of West Africa. The properties of the drug depend upon two alkaloids, physostigmin or eserin, Cls Hai NAO, which paralyzes the motor func- tions of the spinal cord and stimulates muscle-fiber, and calabarin, which acts similarly to strychnin. Locally applied to the eye, physostigmin causes contraction of the pupil and diminishes intraocular tension. On ac- count of its action on muscles it causes increased per- istaltic movements of the intestines. In toxic doses, death is produced by failure of respiration. Its ther- apeutic uses are : In diseases of the eye, as in glau- coma, in iritis, to contract the pupil, and, alternated with atropin, to break up adhesions after iritis; in convulsive diseases, as tetanus and strychnin-poison- ing ; in constipation from atony of the intestines; in bronchitis and dyspnea, from weakness of the bron- chial muscles. It is also used as an antidote to atro- pin and to strychnin. For poisoning, give an emetic and inject atropin. P., Ext., Alcoholic. Dose gr. W6—j. P., Injectio, Hypodermica; Io grains of the extract in 94 ounce. Dose miij–xij. P., Tinct., 15 per cent. in strength. Dose muv-xx. Eserina (Physostigmina, B. P.), unof. PHYSOSTIGMIN A myotic. Dose gr. ºo-ſºº. Lamellae Physostig- minae (B.P.), each contains Tºro grain of physostig- min. Physostigminae Salicylas. Dose gr. rho-º. Injectio P. salicylat. hypodermica; I in 16o. Dose muj-vj. Physostigminae Sulphas, very solu- ble. Dose gr. Tºo-ºo. Injectio P. Sulphat. hy- poderm., 4 grains to one ounce. Lose muj-iv. Physostigmin (ſi-so-stig/-min). Synonym of Eserin. Physothorax (ſi-so-tho’-ra/s). Synonym of Pneumo- thorax. Phytalbumose (ſº-ta/-bu-mâz) [pwróv, plant; albu- men]. A vegetable peptone or albumose, found in seeds of the Leguminosae, in flour, and in papaw juice. a-phyſalbumose agrees with the hemialbumose of Vines, being soluble in cold and boiling water; yielding also the biuret reaction, and a precipitate by saturation with sodium chlorid only in an acid solution. 6-phytalbu- mose is soluble in cold but not in boiling distilled water; hence it is precipitated by heat. It is also readily thrown down by Saturation with sodium chlo- rid, and gives a faint biuret reaction. Phyterythrin (ſi-ter/-ith-rin) [Övróv, plant; puffpég, red]. The red coloring-matter of plants, especially of leaves, in autumn. Phythelminthus (ſ; -thel-min/-thus). Aothriocephalus. - Phytiatrica (fit-e-at'-rik-ah) [ puróv, plant; tarpukh, medicine]. Treatment by means of medicinal herbs; botanic medicine. Phytiform (ſi/-äform) [putów, plant; forma, form]. Resembling a plant. Phytivorous (ſi-div'-or-us). Same as Phytop/lagous. Phyto- (ſ/-to-) [?vróv, plant]. A prefix signifying connection with or relation to vegetable organisms. Phyto-alopecia (ſi-to-al-o-pe/-she-ah). Synonym of Alopecia areafa. Phytobiology (f-to-bi- o!’-o-je) [pwróv, plant; 3fog, life; 26 yog, science]. The science of plant-life. Phytoblast (ft/-to-blast) [pvróv, plant; 3%ao Tóg, germ]. The living protoplasm constituting a cell. Phytocerosium (ſt-to-ser-o’-2e-tam) [ºvróv, plant; kmpóg, wax]. Vegetable wax. Phytochemic, Phytochemical (ſi-to-Aem/-ić, ſi-to- Aem/-ić-al) [bvróv, plant; 2 mueia, chemistry]. Per. taining to vegetable chemistry or to changes of vege- table origin, the plants acting by chemic force, or effecting a chemic change. Ferment-fungi are phyto- chemic, and so are the poisonous or pathogenic prin- ciples associated with the presence and growth of mi- crobes in the body. g Phytochemistry (ſº-to-Kem/-is-tre) [ ºvſöv, plant; xmueia, chemistry]. Vegetable chemistry. Phytochimy (ſiſ-to-kim-e). Same as Phytochemistry. Phytochlore (f/-to-klor) [putóv, plant; xàopóg, pale- green]. In biology, same as chlorophyl. Phytochrome (ſi'-to-Aröm) [ putóv, plant; Aſpöua, color]. In biology, a general term for those vege- table pigments necessary to the fundamental processes of vegetable assimilation, and for the synthesis of pro- toplasm and amylum. Cf. chlorophyl, erythrin, phaeo- din, phyllocyanin, phylloxanthin. Phytocolla (ſi-to-ko/-ah) [ºvſöv, plant; kó2%a, glue]. Same as Gliadin. Phytocyst (f/-to-sist ) [ purév, plant; kiloric, cyst]. In biology, a cyst or envelop of cellulose containing the phytoblast. Phytoderma (ſi-to-der/-mah)[putów, plant; 6épua, skin: pl., Phytodermata]. Any cutaneous disease produced by microscopic vegetation, or by dermatophytes. Phytogenesis (f-tojen/-es-is) [pwróv, plant; yévêque, origin]. In biology, the science of the origin and development of plants. Synonym of 1081 PHYTOPARASITE Phytogenetic (fi-to-jen-et/-i}) [ºvtóv, plant; Yevvāv, genesis]. Pertaining to phytogenesis. Phytogeny (ſi-toſ’-en-e). Same as Phylogenesis. Phytogeographic (ſ/-to-je-o-gra/-ä) [?vrów, plant; yeoypaſpia, geography]. Pertaining to phytogeog- raphy. - Phytogeography (ſ/-to-je- og/- ra-ſe) [ºvtóv, plant; yeo)papta, geography]. In biology, the geographic distribution of plants. Phytogony (ſi-tog/-o-me) [?vrów, plant; yová, genera- tion]. In biology, the development of the species in plants. Phytographer (ſt-tog/-ra-ſer) [ºvrów, plant; Ypájety, to write]. One who describes and classifies plants. Phytographic (ſi-to-graf’-iÆ) [pwróv, plant; Ypápetv, to write]. Pertaining to phytography. Phytography (ſi - Zog/-ra -ſe) [pvróv, plant; Ypápetv, to write]. Botany. Also, a treatise on the geographic distribution of plants. Phytoid (ft/-toid)[?vrów, plant; elóoc, like]. In biology, plant-like; e.g., certain animals and organs. Phytolacca (ſt-to-la/-ah) [ºvróv, plant; Zacca, Jac: gen., Phytolacca]. Poke. The root and the fruſt of A. decandra. It is an emetic, cathartic, and motor de- pressant. Toxic doses cause death by paralysis of the organs of respiration. Its action is antagonized by alcohol, opium, and digitalis. It is serviceable in malignant tumors, eczema, and similar skin-affections. Dose of the root as an emetic gr. x-xxx; as an alter- ative gr. j-v. P. bacca (U. S. P.), the berry or fruit of Phytolacca decandra. Dose of a saturated tincture, a fluidram three times a day; serviceable in rheumatism. P. radix (U. S. P.), the root of Phytolacca decandra. P., Ext., Fld., Rad. Dose mv–3.j. P., Tinct., unof. Dose mix–3.j. Phytolaccic Acid (ſi-to-laž’-sić) [Övróv, plant; Zacca, lac]. Oxalic acid as found in Phytolacca. Phytolaccin (ſi-to-la/-sin) ſpvrów, plant; Zacca, lac). The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Phytolacca decandra. It is alterative, anti-syphilitic, laxative, etc. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Phytolithology (ſi-to-lith-o/-o-ſe) [Övróv, plant; Žiffog, stone; %yog, science]. The science of fossil plants. Phytologic (ſi-to-loj’-ić) [ºvſöv, plant; 26 yog, science]. Pertaining to phytology. Phytologist (f - to/-o-jist) [Övróv, plant; 7.6).og, sci- ence]. One versed in phytology. Phytology (f-to/-o-je) [ºvróv, plant; 26) oç, science]. Same as Aotany. Phytolysis (ſi-to/-is-is) [purów, plant; Aiety, to loose]. In biology, the change in position occurring in the pigment in a living cell in consequence of changes in the intensity of the light, such as the changes in the chlorophyl coincident with the alternation of day and night. Phytomentagra (f - to- men -ta/-grah). Sycosis. Phytomer (f/-to-mer) [ºvróv, plant; uépoc, part]. See Phyton. Phytomycetes (ſº-to-mi-se/-tez) [pwróv, plant; ſtikme, fungus]. Molds occurring in putrid urine. Phyton (ſ/-ton) [Övróv, plant; piety, to produce]. In biology, Gaudichaud's name for the pieces which by their repetition make up a plant, on the theory that the plant is a compound individual. Compare the use of person by zoölogists. Phytonomatotechny (ſi-to-no-mat/-o-tek-ne) [ºvrów, plant; 5voua, name ; Téxvi), art]. In biology, the nomenclature of plants. Phytonomy (ſº-on/-o-me) [ºvſöv, plant; vöuoc, law]. In biology, the laws of plant-life. Phytoparasite (ſi-to-par/-as-it) [puróv, a plant; trapá- Synonym of PHYTOPARASITIC ottoc, a parasite]. habit. See Apiphyte. Phytoparasitic (ſi-to-par-as-it/-ić) [Övrów, plant; trapá, beside ; altog, food]. Pertaining to phytoparasites. Phytopathologic (ſi-to-path-o-loj/-ä) [pvrów, plant; Tábog, disease; A6).og, science]. Pertaining to phyto- pathology. Phytopathologist (ft-to-path -o/-o-jisz) [puróv, plant; Tábog, disease; %yog, science]. One versed in phytopathology. Phytopathology (f - to-path - o!’-o-je) [ºvtóv, plant; Táboç, disease; A6).og, science]. The science of plant-disease, or of diseases due to vegetable organisms; also, the science of the diseases of plants; vegetable pathology. Phytophagous (ſi-toff’-ag-us) [ºvtóv, a plant; payeiv, to eat]. In biology, herbivorous; feeding on plants. Phytophagy (ſi-toff’-aj-e) [putów, a plant; payeiv, to eat]. The habit of feeding on plants. Phytophilous (ſi-toff’-i/-us) [ºvtóv, a plant; piñeiv, to love]. In biology, applied to animals that are fond of plants. Phytophysiology (ſi-to-fiz-e-o/-o-je). A hysiology, Vegetable. Phytoplasm (f/-to-plazm) [ºvtóv, plant; Tââoua, plasma]. The vegetable protoplasm. Phytosis (ſi-to/-sis) [putóv, plant; v6oog, disease: pl., Phytoses]. I. Any disease due to the presence of vegetable parasites. 2. The production of disease by vegetable parasites. 3. The presence of vegetable parasites. Phytosterin (ſi-tos/-ter-in) [Övróv, plant; orepôg, solid]. A substance, present in plant-seeds and sprouts, very similar to cholesterin. Phytotaxy (ſ/-to-taks-e) [Övróv, plant; Tášic, order, arrangement]. In biology, systematic botany. Phytotechny (ſ/-to-tek-ne) [pvróv, plant; Téxum, art]. Industrial botany. Phytotomous (/; - tot/- o – mus) [bvróv, plant; Tôuoç, a cutting]. In biology, leaf-cutting, or plant-cutting, e.g., certain birds or insects. Phytotomy (ſi-toº-o-me) [putów, plant; topiń, a cut- ting]. The anatomy of plants. Phytovitellin (ſi-to-vić-e/-īn) [pwróv, plant; vitellus, yolk]. The vegetable analogue of vitellin. Phytozoaria (ſ; - to - zo-a/- re-ah) [Övrév, plant; ſóov, animal]. Same as Infusoria. Phytozoön (ſi-to-zo/-on) [ºvróv, plant; ſólov, animal]. A plant-like animal ; a zoöphyte. Pia (pi/-ah) [native Polynesian]. The plant Zacca pinnatifida, from which a variety of arrowroot is pre- pared ; it is said to be of special value in the treatment of certain cases of diarrhea and dysentery. Unof. Pia, or, more fully, Pia Mater (pe/-ah mah/-ter or pi/- ah-ma/-ter) [L., “pious, or tender, mother.”] The vascular membrane, consisting of a plexus of blood- vessels held by a fine areolar tissue, enveloping the entire surface of the brain and spinal cord. It dips into the fissures of the brain and forms the velum inter- positum and the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. P., Cerebral, the pia mater covering the brain. P., External, that which covers the external portion of In biology, a plant of parasitic Synonym of the brain. P., Internal, that which passes into the ventricles. P. intima, the inner layer of the spinal pia mater. P., Spinal, the pia of the spinal cord. P. of Testis. See Złęzzica. Pia-arachnitis (Ai’-ah-ar-ak-mi’-tis) [?ia, pia; dipážum, spiders' web; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pia-arachnoid; leptomeningitis. Pia-arachnoid (pi/-ah-ar-a/-noid) [pia, pia; dipáxvm, a spider's web ; eiðoc, like]. The pia and arachnoid considered as one structure. 1082 PICRAMIC ACID Pial (pi/-al) [pia, pia]. Pertaining to the pia mater. Pialyn (pi/-al-in) [Tiap, fat; Wüelv, to split up or de- compose]. An enzyme contained in both the pan- creatic substance and fluid, which has not as yet been isolated. It is capable of effecting a hydrolytic de- composition of neutral fats into glycerin and free fatty acids. It is most actively present in the substance of the fresh gland or its secretion, and its activity is greatest at about 40°C. Pia-matral |pi/-ah-ma/-tral). Pian (pi/-an). See Arambesia. Pianists’ Cramp. See Cramp. Piano-players’ Cramp. See Cramp. Piarachnoid (pi-araž/-noid [pia, pia; apáxvm, spiders’ web; eiðog, like]. The pia mater and arachnoid con- sidered as one membrane. Piarolytic (pi-ar-o-lit"-ik) [Tiap, fat; AvTukóg, dissolv- ing]. Forming emulsions with fat. - Piarrhemia (pi-ar-e'-me-ah) [Tiap, fat; alug, blood]. See Zipemia. Pica (pi/-kah) [L., “magpie ’’). The craving for un- natural and strange articles of food; a symptom present in certain forms of insanity, in hysteria, and chlorosis, and during pregnancy. - Picacismus (pić-as-iz'-mus) [pix, pitch]. by means of pitch-plaster. Picamar (pik-am/-ahr) [pix, pitch; amarus, bitter]. A bitter, oily substance obtained in the distillation of wood-tar. - Picea (pi/-se-ah) [L., the pitch-pine]. A genus of coniferous trees, P. alba, the white spruce. P. excelsa, the common fir or pitch-pine. It yields resin and turpentine. P. nigra, the black spruce. P. vul- garis. Synonym of P. excelsa. Picene (pi/-sen ) [picea, the pitch-pine], C, Hit. A hydrocarbon formed by the distillation of lignite, coal- tar and petroleum residues. It is very sparingly soluble in most of the solvents, but most readily in crude cumene; it crystallizes in blue, fluorescent leaf- lets, melting at 338°C., and boiling at 51.9°C. Piceous (pish/-e-us) [pix, pitch]. In biology, having the nature of pitch. Viscous. Pitch-black; black with a faint reddish tinge. Pichi (pe/-che) [native Chilean]. The stems and leaves of Fabiana imbricata, growing in Chile. It is a terebinthin having tonic properties, and is of repute in the treatment of catarrhal inflammations of the genito-urinary tract. Dose of the fla. ext, 3.j; of the extract gr. v-x. Unof. Pick (pik) [ME., picken, to pick]. To pluck with the fingers; a symptom in certain typhoid states. See Carphology. - Pick’s Liniment. Zimzimentum exsiccans , a liniment used in the treatment of eczema. Its formula is: Tragacanth, 75 grains; glycerin, 30 minims; water, 25% drams. It is of service in the dry forms of eczema. P.'s Salicylated Soap-plaster, a prepara- tion used in the treatment of eczema. It is composed as follows: Emplast. Saponis liq., 2% ounces; olive- oil, 5 drams. ; salicylic acid, 37 grains. It is applied on strips of muslin. Picolin (pik/-o-lin) [picea, the pitch-pine; oleum, oil], CaFI.N. Methyl-pyridin, a liquid alkaloid; a product of acrolein-ammonia. Picolinic Acid (pié-o-lin/-ić) [picea, the pitch-pine; oleum, oil], C.H, NO,. A monobasic acid made from picolin and other pyridin-derivatives. Picotement (że-Kö/-mon(g)) [Fr.]. A pricking sensa- tion ; tingling; formication. Picra (pik/-rah). Same as Hiera picra. Picraena (pić-re/-nah). See Quassia. Picramic Acid (pik-ram/-īk) [Tukpóg, bitter; amin}, Cs- See Pia/. Depilation PICRAMID H.N.O. Picric acid in which one NO, radicle has been replaced by NH2. Picramid (pik/-ram-id) [Tukpóg, bitter; amid]. An amid of picric acid; trinitranilin. Picranisic Acid (pić-ran-iz/-ić). Acia. Picrate (pi}/-raž) [Tukpóg, bitter]. acid. See Ammonium Picrate. Picric (pik/-rić) [Tupóg, bitter]. Same as Carbazotic. P. Acid. See Acid and A'igments, Conspectus of P. Acid Test. See Zests, Table of Picroaconitin (pić - ro-ak-on/-it- in) [Takpóg, bitter; aconitum], Cai Has NOlo. An amorphous substance extracted from the bulbs of Aconitum napel/us. It is slightly poisonous. Picrocarmin (pik-ro-Aar/-min) [Tukpóc, bitter; carmin, carmin]. A preparation for staining microscopic specimens. I.o; ammonia 5.0 ; distilled water 50.o. After solution, add saturated watery solution of picric acid 5o.o. Allow to stand in a wide-mouthed bottle until the ammonia has evaporated ; then filter. See Stains, Table of. . Picroerythrin (pié-ro-er/-ith-rim) [Tºpóc, bitter; Épv- 6póg, red], Cº. HisO. -- 3H,O. A crystalline, bitter substance, soluble in hot water, insoluble in absolute alcohol, and melting at I58° C. Picroglycin, Picroglycion (pi}-ro-gū’-sin, £74-ro-'gl:/- se-on) [Tutpóg, bitter; Yāvküç, sweet]. A crystalline, bitter substance, found in Solanum dulcamara. It may be impure Solanin. Picrolithium - carmin (pik-ro-lith/-e-um-£ar/ *} A solution used in staining microscopic sections. It is composed of carmin 2.5–5.o; Saturated watery so- lution of lithium carbonate IOO.o; to which is added saturated watery solution of picric acid 2.O. Picromel (pié/-ro-me!) [Takpóc, bitter; gé%t, honey]. A mixture of unknown composition containing Salts of glycocholic and taurocholic acids. Picronitric Acid (pié-ro-ni/-trik). Acid. Picropodophyllin (pik/-ro-po-do-fi/-in) [Tukpóc, bitter; Troög, foot; pſiA%ov, leaf). A crystalline substance obtained from Podophyllum peltatum. Picroroccellin (pik-ro-ros-el/-in) [Tikpóg, bitter; roc- cellin], C, H, NAOs. A crystalline, bitter substance obtained from A^occella tinctoria, or one of its varieties, Picro-saccharimeter (pić'-ro-sak-ar-im/-et-er) [Takpóg, bitter; oakyapov, sugar; puérpov, measure]. An in- strument for determining the amount of sugar in a given sample of urine by comparison with the color of a permanent standardsolution of perchlorid of iron— that of a picric acid reduction of the urine brought to a similar tint as the standard by dilution with water— the amount of the latter required indicating the amount of sugar present. Picro-saccharometer (pié/-ro-sak-ar-om/-et-er). Picro-saccharimeter. Picrotin (pić’-ro-tim) [Tukpóc, bitter], Cls HisO. A decomposition-product of picrotoxin, formed when the latter is treated with benzene. Picrotoxic Acid (pik-ro-toks/-i}). toxin. Picrotoxin (pić-ro-foks/-īn) [Tukpóc, bitter; Tošików, poison; Picrotoxinum, U. S. P. ; gen. Picrotoxini). A neutral principle prepared from Azzamirta panicu- ſata (Cocculus indicus). Picrotoxin stimulates the motor and inhibitory centers in the medulla, especially the respiratory and vagus centers; it causes epilep- tiform spasms by irritation of the motor centers of the cerebrum or cord and medulla, the spasms often hav- ing the character of manage movements. Its action is Synonym of Picric Any salt of picric Synonym of Picric See Synonym of Picro- 1083 Its composition is as follows: carmin PIGMENT much like that of strychnin. It has been used in an ointment (Io grains to one oz. of lard) in tinea capitis and in pediculosis. It is useful for the night-sweats of phthisis, and in the complex of symptoms known as vaso-motor ataxia, g. v. Dose gr. & to 3's. It has been tried in epilepsy, but has proved useless. Cocculi, Ext., Fid. Dose muj-iij. C., Tinct., tincture of cocculus, 12% per cent. in strength. Dose mij–xv. Cocculi, Planat's Tinct., strength 25 per cent. Dose m-v. Injectio Picrotox. Hypo- dermica, I grain in 240 minims of water. Dose muij- VH1]. Piºtoxinin (piń-ro-toks/-in-in). See Picrotoxin. Pictet Liquid (pik/-tet) [fix, pitch]. A liquid con- sisting of a mixture of sulphurous acid gas and carbon dioxid liquefied under pressure. It has been used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A small quantity allowed to escape into a closed room quickly resumes the gaseous state, and is inhaled by the tuberculous patient. It appears to give good results. Pictura (pik-twº-rah) [pictura, painting, picture]. In biology, the pattern or coloration of a particular part (as a feather) or of an entire animal. Piddle (pia/-l) [origin obscure]. To urinate (a child- ish word). Piebald (pi/-bazold) [ME., Ayebald, piebald]. Of various colors. P. Iris, an iris which has spots of different colors, generally small dark spots on a lighter background. P. Skin. See Zeukoderma, and Pºtiligo. Piedra (pe-a/-drah) [S. Amer.]. A disease of the hair marked by the formation of hard, pin-head-sized nodules on the shaft of the hair, thought to be due to the presence of a species of micrococcus. It occurs in the Andean plateau. Piezometer (??-e-zom/-et-er) [Tišetv, to press; uérpov, measure]. An apparatus for measuring the degree of compression of gases. Pigback Kidney. See Kidney. Pigeon (pij/-un) [ME., pigeon, pigeon]. A bird of the family Columbidae. P.-breast. Synonym of Pectus carinaeum; it occurs in rickety children and in mouth-breathers. P.-breasted, affected with pigeon- breast. P.-toe. See Hallux varies. P.-toed, hav- ing the toes directed inward. Pigment (pig’-ment) [pigmentum, pingere, to paint]. In biology, a pigment is any organic coloring-matter in the tissues of plants or animals, e.g., the coloring- matter occurring in the iris, retina, hair, and in the rete mucosum of the skin. It may be of mimetic value, or concerned in assimilation and metabolism, or in respiration. P., Color, and Dye-stuff; a pigment is any substance that is employed in the arts for the pur- pose of imparting color to bodies. The term is properly restricted to the dry coloring-matter, which when mixed with a vehicle becomes a paint. O. N. Witt assumes the presence of certain characteristic groups—chro- mophorous groups—in all dyestuffs, which, by intro- duction into colorless bodies, give rise to the basis- structure of dyestuffs—chromogenous groups. When these chromogenous groups are joined to salt-forming groups, such as hydroxyl or amidogen, dyestuffs are formed. Color is applied to any hue, especially a pure tint, other than black or white. A dye-stuff is any dyewood, lichen, powder, or dyecake used in dyeing and staining dress-materials. A fast coſor is one which resists the weather, light, soap-lye, dilute alkalies, and very dilute acids; a fugitive color is one which is dissipated under similar circumstances. A steð- stantive coloring-matter is one which passes into an insoluble state upon the fiber without the intervention of a mordant; examples, all the mineral coloring- matters, indigo, turmeric, annatto, safflower, and most PIGMENT of the coal-tar colors. An adjective coloring-matter is one which requires a mordant or mediating agent in order to become insoluble upon the fiber. A mordant is a substance which has an affinity for or which can at least penetrate the tissue to be colored, and which possesses also the property of combining with the coloring-matter employed, and of forming with it an insoluble compound within or about the fibers. Mor- dants may be iron salts (copperas, ferrous acetate, iron pyrolignite, ferric sulphate, and nitrates), nickel (nickel-ammonium chlorid, nickel nitro-acetate), chromium (chromium sulphate, fluorid, chlorate, potas. sium di-chromate and chromate), tin (stannous and stannic chlorid, “pink salt,” sodium stannate), man- ganese (MnGl, KMnO,), lead, copper (nitrate), antimony (tartar emetic), or tannin. Raising is the process or method of intensifying colors by means of mordants. Dunging is a term applied to the mordant- ing of goods by passing them through a dung-bath, which is a bath composed of water in which a small proportion of cows' or pigs’ dung, or some substitute for it, has been dissolved, with a certain amount of chalk to remove the acetic acid from the printed material. A discharge is some compound, such as the chlorid of lime, which has the property of bleach- º W c. e w º ** º º *Susº § Rºy: ºrs º § ºr a gº ::: & º º J. gº &e. à _º º º º 47 Pigment-cells of Frog. A, Contracted; B, C, Partially relaxed pigment-cells. (From Stirling.) ing or taking away the color already communicated to a fabric, by which means white patterns are produced on colored grounds. A lake is a pigment formed by the absorption of animal, vegetable, or coal-tar coloring-mat- ter from an aqueous solution by means of metallic bases. Application-colors. See Spirit-colors. Coal. far colors is a name given to a numerous class of colors derived from coal-tar by various complex chemic processes. Distemper, or fresco, colors are colors ground in water to a creamy consistency, with the ad- dition of a sizing of glue or white of egg to make them adhere to the surface to which they are applied. They are generally used for decorating plastered walls or ceilings. Graining-colors are colors ground in linseed-oil with the addition of a small amount of wax to prevent their spreading when manipulated with a graining-comb to imitate the graining of various woods. Japan-colors are those ground in the medium called japan. An oil-color is a pigment of any kind ground in linseed-oil or poppy-oil. Spirit- colors (also called “spirits,” or application-colors) are certain colors obtained in calico-printing, so-called from the use of “spirits,” the technical name for the acid solutions of tin, in applying the colors. Water- & 1084 PILATIO colors are pigments ground in water containing a Small amount of glue, glycerin, honey, or molasses, to cause them to bind and adhere to the surface to which they are applied. When pressed into molds and dried, they are called cake-colors, but when sold in the form of stiff pastes, they are called moist colors. Very many of the materials used for dyeing purposes are extremely poisonous, and have been productive of eczema and other skin-diseases, or even of systemic poisoning. Recently the use of dyes as staining reagents in bacteriologic, physiologic, and biologic researches has assumed such marked importance that it has been deemed advisable to introduce the following conspectus (pages Io&5 et seq.), which contains the more important pigments and dye-stuffs. P., Bile. See under Bile. P., Blood, hemoglobin and its deriva- tives. P., Brown. Same as Soudan Brozyaz. P.- cell, a cell specialized for the secretion or retention of a pigment; a chromatophore. P.-granule, a min- ute, structureless mass of pigment. P., Hematogen- ous, any pigment derived from the blood. Hemato- genous pigments are hemoglobin, hematoidin, hemosiderin; the bile-pigments, which are indirectly derived from the blood-pigment; ferrous sulphid, which stains the abdominal walls and the serous coat of the abdominal organs after death, is also derived from hemoglobin. P.-liver, a coloration of the liver occurring in the course of malarial ſevers, and in the morbid condition of the blood described as melanemia. The liver is also deeply pigmented in pernicious anemia and in chronic valvular heart-disease, with long-continued congestion of the organ. P., Metabolic, a pigment formed by the metabolic action of cells. Melamin is the type of metabolic pigments. P.-molecule. Same as P. granule. P., Respira– tory, a pigment resulting from oxidation of the tissues, or a pigment by means of which oxygen is absorbed. Hemoglobin may be considered a respiratory pigment. P.-spot, in biology, a small mass of pigment in the spores of certain plants and protozoans. P., Urinary, urobilin, urochrome, uroerythrin, and others. P., Uveal. See under Ozea. Pigmental, Pigmentary (pig-men'-tal, pig'-men-a-re) [?ingere, to paint]. Pertaining to or containing pig- ment. P. Atrophy, atrophy of adipose tissue with deposit of pigment in the fat-cells. P. Layer, the external layer of the retina. See Retina. P. Mole. See AVævus pigmentosus. - Pigmentation (pig-men-ta/-shun) [pingere, to paint]. Deposition of or discoloration by pigment. See also Chromatosis. Pigodidymus (?? - go - did’’- im - us ) [Tvyń, buttock; Ötövuoc, double]. A double monster united at the buttocks. Piitis (pi-i/-tis) [pia, pia; trug, inflammation]. mation of the pia; leptomeningitis. Pike (pik) [ME., pike, a sharp point]. thorn or prickle. Pilar, Pilary (pi/-/ar, pi/-/ar-e) [pilaris, pilus, hair]. Pertaining to the hair. Pilastered (pi-las/-terd) [pila, a small supplemental pillar]. In anatomy, flanged so as to have a fluted appearance ; arranged in pilasters or columns. P. Femur, a condition observed in the femur of indi- viduals of certain races in which the backward con- cavity of the femoral shaft is exaggerated, and the linea aspera prominent. This exaggeration of structure causes the pilastered appearance. Pilastri (pi-las/-tre) [pl. of Pilastrum, a small pillar]. In biology, strong gelatinous columns placed between the subgenital openings in Medusae. Pilatio (pi-la/-she-o) [pilus, hair]. Inflam- In biology, a A cranial fissure. PIGMENTS 1085 PIGMENTS CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS. I. INORGANIC. NAME. FORMUL.A. CoMPosition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. Antimonial cinnabar (antimonial vermilion, Sb6S6O3. Action of sodium calcium dithiona’ on | Red. red lead antimonious chlorid. Artificial ultramarine (French blue, Guimet Mixture of clay, sodium carbonate, sul- || Blue. blue, nezv blue, permanent blue). phur, and rosin. Azurite (azure malachite, blue malachite, 2CuCO3. Cu(OH)2. Copper hydroxycarbonate. Blue. copper lazulite, mountain-blue). Berlin blue §: blue, Hamburg blue, Action of potassium ferocyanid on ferrous | Blue. Kali blue, Milori blue, royal blue, steel blue, SaltS. Turnbull’s blue). Bismuth-white (pearl white, Spanish white). | BiOCl. Bismuth oxychlorid. White, Bloodstone. Fe2O3. Found in nature; a hematite. Red. Blue ocher (native Prussian blue). Iron hydroxyphosphate. Dull-blue. Blue vitriol (blue stone, Cyprus vitriol). CuSO4. Copper sulphate; found in nature. Blue. Bremen blue (blue verditer). Cu(HO)2. Copper hydroxid; action of lime on cop- Blue. - - per nitrate. Bremen green (Erlazzy green, green bice, Copper hydroxid. Green. green verditer). Brunswick green (mountain-green). 3CuO.CuCl2. Copper oxychlorid. Light-green. Cadmium-red. CoS. Cadmium sulphid. Orange-red. Cadmium-yellów (Jaune brilliant). CoS. Cadmium sulphid. Orange-yellow. Caledonia brown. Natural ore. Russet-brown. Cappagh brown. From bog-earth containing manganese. Brown. Casall green. C2O3. Chromic oxid. Green. Cassel yellow (mineral yellow, Montpellier PbCl2.7PbO. Lead oxychlorid. Yellow. yellozy, patent yellow, Turner's yellozº). - - Casselmann's green. Copper Sulphate with potassium or sodium | Green. acetate. Cassius' purple (gold purple). Gold and tin. Purple. Cerulean blue. Cobaltous-stannic oxid. Blue. China clay (kaolin). Aluminum hydroxysilicate. White. Chrome-alum. Kºgº SO4)2- | Potassium and chromium sulphate. Violet. 24ti 20. Chrome chlorid. Cr2Cl6. Action of chlorin on chromium sulphid. Violet. Chrome-green (chromium-green, cinnabar- || Cr3O8. Chromic oxid. Bright-green. green, emerald green, Guignet’s green, Victoria green). Chrome-red (chrome-carmin, chrome-garnet, PbCrO4.PbO. Lead oxychromate. Red. chrome-orange, chrome-vermilion). Chrome-yellow (crown-yellow, Hamburg | PbCrO4. Lead chromate. Brilliant yellow. yellow, Leipsic yellow, Paris yellow). Cobalt-blue (azure-blue, cobalt-ultramarine, Aluminum cobaltate. Blue. Hungary blue, Leithner's blue, Leyden blue, Paris blue, Thénard's blue). Cobalt-red. Cobalt phosphate. Red. Cobalt-yellow. Potassium-cobalt nitrite. Bright-yellow. Colcothar (English red, Indian red, iron | Fe2O3. Ferric oxid ; from iron sulphate. Red. minium, Paris red, polishing red, red vitriol). Copperas-black. Mordanting with ferrous and copper sul- | Black. phate and dyeing with logwood. Cyanin-blue (Leitch's blue). Compound of Prussian blue and cobalt | Blue. PIGMENTS 1086 PIGMENTS CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Cozzzzzzzzea. NAME. FORMUL.A. CoMPosITION, PREPARATION, Etc. COLOR. Dingler's green. Chromium-calcium phosphate. Greet). Egyptian blue (Alexandria blue, copper- Copper-calcium silicate. Blue. glass). Fol's yellow. Hºg together phenol and arsenous || Yellow. OX1C1. Gentele's green. Action of sodium stannate on copper sul- || Green. phate. Green cinnabar (AWaples green). Chrome-yellow and Prussian blue. Green. Hamburg white (Dutch zvhite, Tyrol zvhite, White lead with heavy spar. White. Venice white). Iodin-scarlet (pure scarlet). HgI2. Mercuric iodid. Brilliant red. King’s yellow (Chinese yellow). As2S3, Sublimating a mixture of sulphur and ar- || Yellow. Senous oxid. Litharge (Massicot). PbO. Lead oxid ; found in nature. Yellow, Lithophan. BaSO4.2n.S. Barium sulphate and zinc sulphid. White. Mººreen (copper-green, mountain- | CuCO8. Copper carbonate. | Green. green). Manganese-brown. Action of sodium hypochlorite and caustic | Brown. soda on mangamous chlorid. Manganese-green (baryta-green, Cassel | BaNIn O4. Barium manganate. Green. green, Rosenstrehl's green). Mars’ brown. Calcining ferrous sulphate with alum, and | Brown. potash. Mineral blue (Antzwerp blue, Haarlem blue). Prussian blue mixed with clay. Green-blue. Mineral gray. From lapis lazuli. Pale blue-gray. Mineral lake. Glass flux colored with tin chromate. Pink. Mineral purple (Mars' violet, purple ocher). Artificially prepared iron oxid. Dark-red. Minium (gold cinnabar, mineral orange, Pb2O4. Red oxid of lead. Red. orange-minium, Paris red, red lead, Saturn cinnabar, saturnine red). Mittler's green (Arnandon green, emerald | Crg(HO)6. Chiefly chromium hydroxid. Green. green, Matthiezº, Plessy’s green, Pan- metier's green, Schnitzer green). Mosaic gold. SnS2. Stannic sulphid. Yellow, Naples yellow. Lead antimonate. P i. e orange-yel- OW. Napoleon blue (Raymond’s blue). Action of basic ferric sulphate and potas- || Blue. sium ferrocyanid. Ocher (Indian ocher, Indian red, light red, Ferruginous clays, especially those con- | Red. Mars' red, Naples red, Persian red, Pom- taining ferric hydroxid. peian red, red bole, ruddle, scarlet ocher, terra di sienna). Ocher (burnt ocher, Chinese yellow, gold Clay containing ferric hydroxid. Orange-yellow. ocher, Lemmian earth, orange ocher, A’oman ocher). Oil-blue (copper indigo). CuS. Copper sulphid. Blue. Orpiment. AsgS8. Natural ore ; arsenious sulphid. Yellow. Pattison's white lead. PbCl2.PbH2O2. Adding saturated lime-water to a hot solu- | White. tion of lead chlorid. Perfect yellow. ZnCrO4. Zinc chromate. B ; ight light-yel- OW. Permanent white (blanc fire, mineral zohite, BaSO4. Barium sulphate. White. nezv zwhite). * Pink salt (pink crystals). SnCl4.2NH4C1. * Pink. Prussian blue (ball-blue, Monthier’s blue, Precipitating ferric sulphate with potas- | Blue. navy blue, royal blue, soluble blue). sium ferrocyanid. PIGMENTS 1087 PIGMENTS CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Corazºzzzzeal. NAME. FORMUL.A. CoMposition, PREPARATION, ETC. CoLoR. Prussian brown. A compound of ferric oxid and alumina. | Orange-brown. Prussian green. Imperfect iron ferrocyanid. Green. Purple-brown (maroon oxid). Fe2O3. Ferric oxid. Purplish-brown. Realgar. As2S2. Natural ore; arsenium disulphid. Red. Rinmann's green ſºft green, Gellert's CuHAsO3. Copper arsenite. Bright-green. green, green smalt, mineral green, Paris green, Saarony green, Scheele's green, Szwedish green, zinc-green). Satin white. Lime, zinc oxid, and a little indigo. White. Schweinſurth blue (Reboulleau's blue). Fusion of copper arsenate, potassium | Blue. arsenate, and niter. Schweinfurth green (Băle green, emerald Copper aceto-arsenite. Vivid light-green. green, French green, imperial green, Airschberg green, Leiðsic green, Mitis green, Newvied green, Paris green, royal green, Vienna green). Siderine yellow. Ferrous chromate. Yellow. Sienna. Ferruginous ocherous earth. Orange-yellow. Smalts (Dumont’s blue, enamel blue, Eschel Glass tinged by cobaltous oxid. Blue. blue, King’s blue, royal blue). Spanish brown. Highly adulterated dark ferric oxid. Dark brown. Strontian yellow. SrCrO4. Addition of potassium chromate to a solu- || Yellow. tion of a strontium salt. Ultramarine (Armenian blue, azure-blue, From lapis lazuli. Blue. 2azulite blue). Ultramarine green. Mixture of alumina, soda, silica, sulphur, Green. iron, calcium, etc. Ultramarine yellow (barium yellow). BaCrO4. Barium chromate. Yellow. & Umber. Clayey, brown iron ore. Red. Umber (colognese, lignite). Red. Vanadium bronze. An acid derivative of vanadium. Fine yellow. Venetian, red (English red, Prussian red, Fe2Os.CaSO4. Calcining a mixture of lime and iron sul- || Red. Spanish red). phate. Verdigris. cºo)(C.H.O.) Copper hydroxyacetate or subacetate. Green. Vermilion (Chinese red, cinnabar). HgS. Sulphid of mercury. Red. Verona brown. A calcined ferruginous earth. Reddish-brown. Veronese green (French Veronese green, Cra(HO)6. Chromic hydroxid. Blue-green. viridian). - Vienna white (Bologna lime, Vienna lime). CaCOs. Prepared chalk. White. White, lead (?lanc d'argent, China zwhite, 2PbCOsPb(HO)2. Lead carbonates. White. Clichy zºhite, ... Cremnitz white, French "hite, Kremnitz white, Krem's white, Zondon zwhite, pearl white, Roman zohite, silver zwhite), White lead substitute. Sb2O8. Antimonous oxid. White. White vitriol. ZnSO4 + 7H2O. Zinc sulphate. White. Zinc carbonate. 2ZnCO's Zn(HO)2. White. Zinc-green. Zinc-yellow and Prussian blue. Green. Zincolith (Griffith's snozz-zºhite). BaSO4·2nS. Zinc sulphid and barium sulphate. White, r } Zinc-white (Chinese white, snow-white). ZnO. Zinc oxid, White. Zinc-yellow. ZnCrO4. Zinc chromate. Yellow. PIGMENTS 1088 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Continued. II. ORGANIC. I. ANIMAL PIGMENTS. PIGMENTS NAME. COMPOSITION, PREPARATION, ETC. CoLoR. - Actiniochrome. Found in certain invertebrates (e.g., in the tentacles | Violet. of Anthea cerus). Actiniohematin. Found in certain Actinozoa (Anthea cerus). Red. Animal black (animal charcoal, bone-black). Calcination of bones in closed vessels. Black. Bilicyanin (Cholecyanin, choleverdin). Obtained from bilirubin. Blue. Biliflavin. Obtained from biliverdin. Yellow. Bilifuscin. Obtained from bile and gall-stones. Brown.' Biliphein (Cholophein). Obtained from bile. Gray. Biliprasin. Found in gall-stones, icteric urine, and bile. Brownish-green. . Bilipurpurin. Obtained from biliverdin. Purple. Bilirubin. The chief pigment of the bile. Red. Biliverdin. Obtained from bile, icteric urine, and gall-stones. Green. Bone-brown. Roasting bones until brown throughout. Brown. Bonellein. Found in certain Annelids: e.g., Bonellia viridis. Green. & Chlorocruorin. Found in the blood of certain invertebrates (e.g., | Green. Sabella z/entrilabrum, Sºphomostoma sp.). Chlorofucin. Found in Anthea cereus, Bunodes ballii, and Sagar- || Yellow. tia bellis, and other invertebrates containing sym- biotic algae. Chlorophan. A chromophan found in certain invertebrates, and in Green. the retinal cones of vertebrates. Cholepyrrhin (bilepyrrhin). Obtained from bile. Brown. Cholohematin. Found in the bile of runninants. Red. Chromophan. Found in the retinal cones of certain animals, and in Red, green, yellow. certain invertebrates. Cf. Chlorophan, Rhodophan, Aſanthophan. Cochineal (carmin-red, cochenille, mestica). | From the female insect—Coccus cacti. Crimson. Cyanein. Found in certain invertebrates (e.g., Rhizostoma, Blue. Cyanea, Velella). Echinochrome. A respiratory pigment of certain Echinoderms. Brown. Enterochlorophyl. Found in the liver in many invertebrates; pancreatic | Red to green. or hepatic tissues. Enterohematin. Synonymous with hemo- || Found in the pancreas or liver of many invertebrates. | Red. chromogen and helicorubin Krukenberg. Frankfort black (German black). Better grade of bone-black. Black. Helicorubin. One of the enterohematins of invertebrates. Red. Hemacyanin. Found in the blood and bile of vertebrates. Blue. Hemaphein. A decomposition-product of hematin. Brown. Hematin. Obtained from blood. Bluish-black. Hematoidin. Found in old blood-clots, corpora lutea, hematuria, Red to orange. etc. Cf. Bilirubin and Hemolutein. Hematoporphyrin. A metabolite of myohematin, enterohematin, histo- hematiºn and other intrinsic coloring-matters of in- vertebrates. Red. Hemerythrin. Found in the blood of many invertebrates; e.g., Si- || Burgundy-red. punculus balanorophus, Phaseolosoma elongatum. - Hemocyanin. A proteid found in the blood of many invertebrates, Blue. worms, molluscs, crustaceans. Hemochromagen. One of the enterohematins of invertebrates. Red. Hemoglobin. The coloring-matter of vertebrate blood-corpuscles. Red to purple. PIGMENTS 1089 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Continued. PIGMENTS NAME. CoMPosition, PREPARATION, ETC. CoLoR. Hemolutein. Obtained from corpora lutea. Cf. Hematoidin. Yellow. Hemonoam. An albuminoid giving color to the blood of certain in- || Rose. vertebrates, as Aplysia deptlans. Hemosiderin. Obtained from extravasations and thrombi. Red. Histohematin. Found in various tissues and organs of invertebrate | Red. animals. Indian purple.’ Precipitation of cochineal extract with copper sul- phate. Deep purple. Ivory-black. Calcination of ivory-dust. Black. Ivory-brown. Roasting ivory until brown throughout. Brown. Lac-dye. Resinous substance from lac-insect—Carteria lacca. | Scarlet. Lutein. A lipochrome found in the digestive gland of certain Red. invertebrates (e.g., Holothuria nigra). Melanin. Found normally in epidermal structures, and patho- Black. logically in the skin and certain tumors, also in the hematozoa of men and animals. Murexid (purple-carmin, ammonium purpur- | From uric acid by the action of nitric acid and am- | Purple. ate). monium hydroxid. Myohematin. The true intrinsic coloring-matter of invertebrate | Red. muscle. It occurs (e.g.,) in all the Pulmo-gastero- poda. Pentacrinin. Found in certain invertebrates (e.g., Pentacrinus | Purple. caput medusae). - Phlebin. The venous blood-pigment contained in red blood- Blue. corpuscles. Phoenicin. A name sometimes given to the coloring-matter of | Red. the blood. Phyllodoce-green. Found by MacMunn in the worm Phyllodoce viridis. Green. Polyperythrin. Discovered by Moseley in various Cælenteratae. Red. Purree (euaranthin, Indian yellozo). Impure magnesium euxanthate, obtained from urine Bright yellow. of cows fed on mango-leaves. Rhodophan. A chromophan found in the retina of certain animals. Red. Tetronerythrin. A series of lipochrome pigments found in many in- | Red to green. vertebrates. Turacin. From the feathers of the cape lory. Crimson. Tyrian purple (purple of mollusca). From the juice of the shell-fish, murex or conchyl- || Crimson. ium, of the genus Purpura. Urobilin. Found in urine. Red or reddish-yellow. Urochrome. Found in urine. Yellow. Uroerythrin. Found in urine. Red. Urohematin. Found in urine. Red. Uromelanin. Found in urine. Dark-red. Urorubin. Found in urine. Garnet-red. 2. TAR COLORS. a. Anthracene Colors (from anthracene, C14H10). a. The Alizarins. Alizarin-blue (anthracene-blue). Hºs nitro-alizarin with glycerol and sulphuric | Blue. Alizarin-blue S. Sodium salt of alizarin-blue. Blue. Alizarin-brown. Alizarin-red with potassium ferrocyanid. Brown. Alizarin-carmin (alizarin WS). Sodium alizarin monosulphonate. Carmin. Alizarin-green (anthracene-green, ceru- Metz). Action of strong sulphuric acid on gallein. Olive-green. 69 PIGMENTS 1090 - PIGMENTS CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Continued. NAME. COMPOSITION, PREPARATION, ETC. CoLoR. Alizarin-orange (alizarin Av). Action of nitric acid on alizarin. Orange-red. Alizarin-purple. Treating alizarin with ferrous sulphate. Lilac, Alizarin-red. Flesh-color. , Alizarin-violet (anthraceme-violet, gallein). Action of phthalic anhydrid on pyrogallol. Violet. &. Purpurin. Oxidation of alizarin. Yellowish-red. Flavo-purpurin. Similar to alizarin. Yellowish-red. ð. Azo-dyes. Acid yellow (fast yellozy). Treating amidoazotoluene hydrochlorid with fuming | Olive and moss-green. Sulphuric acid. Anilin-yellow (spirit-yellow). *ś, diamidoazobenzene with anilin hydro- Yellow. CIl 101 1C1. Azarin. Compound of naphthol-azo-dichlorphenol and ammo- || Brilliant red. nium acid sulphite. Azo-blue. Action of tetraza-ditolyl chlorid on potassium 8-naph- | Dark-blue. thol-sulphonate. Benzo-purpurin. Formed from orthotolidin and two molecules of Scarlet. naphthionic acid. Biebrich scarlet (Ponceau B). Action of diazoazobenzene upon 8-naphthol. Scarlet. Brilliant yellow. Formed from one molecule of diamidostilbenedisul- || Yellow. phonic acid with two molecules of phenol. Buffalo rubin. - Derived from a-naphthylamin and naphthol. Red. Carmin-naphtha. Derived from a-naphthylamin and naphthol. Carmin. Chrysamin. Action of tetrazodiphenyl chlorid on sodium salicylate. Sulphur-yellow. Chrysoidin. Diamidoazobenzene hydrochlorid. - Bright yellow. Chrysolin. Sodium benzyl-fluorescein. Yellow. Chrysophanin. By ethylating brilliant yellow. Orange-yellow. Claret-red. Sodium a-azonaphthalene, 8-naphthol disulphonate. Red. Congo G R. From benzidin, amidobenzolsulphonic acid, and | Red. naphthionsulphuric acid. ‘Congo-red. Sodium benzidin and naphthionate. Red. Crocein-scarlet. Diazotizing amidoazobenzolmonosulphonic acid with Scarlet. hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite. Double brilliant scarlet G. From the diazo-compound of 8-naphthylamin-mono- || Scarlet. sulphonic acid and 8-naphthol. Double scarlet S. From the diazo-compound of 8-naphthylamin-mono- | Scarlet. sulphonic acid and a-naphtholmonosulphonic acid. Fast brown G. Sodium a-naphtholdisazo, p-azobenzenesulphonate. Brown. Fast red (orseillin, razeracienne, 2-occellin, Sodium 8-naphtholazonaphthalene sulphonate. Garnet-red. rubidin). Fast red B (Bordeaux B). Derived from a-naphthylamin and naphthol. Red. French red. Mixture of claret-red and naphthol-orange. Red. 1Hessian purple N. One molecule of diamidostilbenedisulphonic acid | Purple. with two molecules of 8-naphthylamin. Hessian purple P. "One molecule of diamidostilbenedisulphonic acid Purple. with two molecules of naphthionic acid. Hessian violet. One molecule of diamidostilbenedisulphonic acid Violet. * with one molecule of a-naphthylamin and one mole- cule of 8-naphthol. Hessian yellow. One molecule , of , diamidostilbenedisulphonic acid Yellow. with two molecules of salicylic acid. Metaniſ-yellow. Sodium phenylamidoazobenzene-m-sulphonate. Yellow. PIGMENTS 1091 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Contzazeed. PIGMENTS NAME. ComPosition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. New coccin R (coccinin, phenetol-red). Derived from a-naphthylamin and naphthol. Red. Oränge I (a-naphthol orange, chrysoin, re- sorcinol-yellozy, tropaevlin ooo No. 1). Sodium a-naphthol-azobenzene. Reddish-orange. Orange II (8-naphthol orange, chrysamin gold orange, mandarin, tropaeolin ooo Avo. 2). Sodium 8-maphthol-azobenzene. Bright reddish-orange. Orange III (gold orange, helianthin, methyl- orange, tropaolin %. Ammonium dimethyl-anilin-azobenzene sulphonate. Fiery orange. Orange IV (diphenylamin-orange, orange Aw, tropaeolin oo). Potassium phenylated acid yellow. Orange-yellow. Orange G. Sodium benzene-azo-3-naphthol-6-disulphonate. Bright orange. Palatin orange. Ammonium tetranitrodiphenol. Orange-yellow. Ponceau 2 R (Hylidin red). Action of hydrochlorid of diazo-m-xylene upon 8- | Red. r naphthol-disulphonic acid. Ponceau 3 R (Cumidin red). Action of diazo-m-cumene hydrochlorid upon 8-naph- | Red. thol-disulphonic acid. Soudan brown (Pigment-brozun). Derived from a-naphthylamin and naphthol. Brown. Wool-black. Combining paratolyl-8-naphthylamin with diazotized Blue-black. azobenzo!disulphonic acid. c. Benzene Colors (from benzene, C6H6). a. Anilin or Amin colors. Anilin-black (Collin's black, fetolin). Oxidation of anilin hydrochlorid with potassium di- Black. chromate. Nigrosin (one of the indulins). Heating amidoazobenzene with anilin hydrochlorid. Black. Anilin blue. Rosanilin heated with anilin and benzoic acid. Blue. Alkali blue (fast blue, Guernsey blue, Sodium triphenylrosanilin-monosulphonate. Bright blue. AWicholson blue). Alkali blue D. Sodium triphenylpararosanilin-monosulphonate Blue. Băle blue. From nitrosodimethylanilin with ditolylnaphthylen- | Blue. diamin. Bavarian blue (spirit diphenylamin blue). Blue. Bavarian blue D S F. Sodium triphenylpararosanilin disulphonate. Blue. China blue. Similar to soluble blue. Blue. Coupier's blue (acetin-blue, anilin-gray, Heating amidoazobenzene with anilin hydrochlorid. Blue. azodiphenyl-blue, bengaline, fast &lue, indulin-blue, printing blue, Roubatar blue). Ethyl-blue. Treating spirit-blue with ethyl chlorid. Pure blue. Light blue. Blue. Marine blue. Blue. Methyl-blue. Treating spirit-blue with methyl chlorid. Blue. Neutral blue. From nitrosodimethylanilin with phenylnaphthylam- | Blue. II]. Night-blue (Victoria blue). Blue. Soluble blue (Blackley blue, cotton blue, Heating spirit-blue with sulphuric acid and the Blue. gºne liquid indigo-blue, navy- product with oxalic acid. 24.6°), Spirit-blue (b as t c blue, gentian-blue, Triphenylrosanilin and triphenylpararosanilin hydro- || Blue. Humboldt blue, imperial blue, Lyons chlorids. pnenylp y #: opal-blue, Parma blue, rosanilin- 246), water blue Similar to soluble blue. Blue. Anilin-brown. Brown. PIGMENTS 1092 PIGMENTS CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Continued. Ethyl-purple. Hexa-ethyl-pararosanilin. NAME. COMPOSITION, PREPARATION, ETc. COLOR. Phenylene-brown (B is marck-brown, Triamidoazobenzene hydrochlorid. Brown. Camelle-brozwn, cinnamon-brozºn, gold- brown, leather-brozwn, Manchester Örozum, Vesuvin). Anilin-green. Green. Acid green (Guinea green, Helvetia | Sodium diethyldibenzyl diamidotriphenyl carbinol- || Bright green. green, light-green S F). trisulphonate. Aldehyd green. Action of aldehyd on magenta with sulphuric acid. Green. Alkali green. Derived from diphenylamin. Green. Brilliant green (emerald green, new Tetramethyl-diparamidotriphenylcarbinol hydro- || Green. Victoria green). chlorid with zinc or iron chlorid. Fºr (mezv Victoria green, solid | Tetrethyldiparamidotriphenylcarbinol sulphonate. Green. greem). Fast green. Sodium tetramethyl dibenzyl pseudrosanilin disul- || Green. phonate. Iodin-green (crystallized green). Chlormethylhexmethylrosanilin hydrochlorid a n d Green. zinc chlorid. Light green. Zinc chlorid and chlormethylhexamethylpararosani- || Green. lin hydrochlorid. Liquid acid green. - IO-20 per cent. Solution of acid green. Green. Malachite-green (benzol-green, à e n 2- | Tetramethyldiamidotriphenylcarbinol hydrochlorid. Green. aldehyd-green, benzoyl-green, bitter- Made by the action of benzaldehyd upon dimethyl- almond green, fast greem, solid green, anilin. Victoria green). Methyl-green. Chlormethylhexamethylpararosanilin hydrochlorid Green. with zinc chlorid. Metternich green. Chlormethylhexamethylrosanilin hydrochlorid with Green. zinc chlorid. - Night-green. Chlormethylhexamethylrosanilin hydrochlorid with Green. zinc chlorid. Paris green. Chlormethylhexamethylpararosanilin hydrochlorid Green. with zinc chlorid. Anilin-red. Red. Acid magenta (magenta S, rubin S). Mºre of rosanilin monosulphonic and disulphonic | Red. 3C1C1S. Azalein. Rosanilin nitrate. Red. Cerise. Cherry color. Fuchsin (magenta, new red, rubin). Rosanilin hydrochlorid. Deep red. Magenta (harmalin, rosein). Pararosanilin and rosanilin hydrochlorids. Deep red. Maroon. From resinous residue after extraction of magenta. Dark red. Phenosaffranin (safframin B extra). Red. Rosanilin (anilin - red, Briining's red, A derivative of anilin. Red. Coupier red, nitrobenzol-red).” Rosein. Rosanilin acetate. Red. Saffranin (anilin-rose). Mixture of tolusafranin and phenotolusafranin. Red. Anilin-violet (Tyrolin). - Violet. Acid violet. Sodium dimethylrosanilintrisulphonate. Violet. Crystal violet (violet 6 B). Hexamethylpararosanilin hydrochlorid. Violet. Dahlin (Hofmann's violet, primula). The ethyl and methyl derivatives of rosanilin. Violet. Blue violet. Iodin-violet. Violet. Mauvanilin. From residue from arsenic acid-process of making magenta. Violet. TIGMENTS 1093 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Copefºnzaea. PIGMENTS NAME. Composition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. Mauvein (anilin -purple, anilin -violet, Oxidation of anilin containing toluidin. Purple. indisin, mauve, Paris red, Perkins’ violet). Methyl-violet (Paris violet). Pentamethylpararosanilin hydrochlorid. Violet. Methyl-violet 6 B (benzyl-violet). Pentamethylbenzylpararosanilin hydrochlorid. Violet. Red violet. Violet. Rosanilin-violet (imperial violet, Parma violet, phenyl-violet, regina-purple, spirit-violet). Monophenylrosanilin and diphenylrosanilin hydro- chlorids. Dull violet. Violanilin. One of the indulins. Gray-violet. Violet R. Violet. Anilin-yellow. Yellow. Acid yellow (fast yellow). Sodium amidoazobenzene sulphonate. Yellow. Chrysanilin. Action of steam on the residue left after extraction of Yellow. rosanilin. Flavanilin. Heating acetanilid with zinc chlorid. Yellow. b. The Azºramins. Auranin. Aurantia (imperial yellozv). Dimethylphenylene-green (Bindscheidler’s green). Tetramethyldiamidobenzophenonimid hydrochlorid. Ammonium hexanitrodiphenylamin. Oxidizing dimethyl paraphenylene diamin with di- methylanilin. Brilliant yellow. Orange-yellow. Yellow-green. Ethylene-blue. Formed from nitrosodimethylanilin. Blue. Gallocyanin (nezv fast violet, solid z/iolet). Formed from nitrosodimethylanilin with gallic acid. Blue-violet. Giroflé. Formed from nitrosodimethylanilin. Blue. Indophenol. Simultaneous oxidation of a phenol and a paradiamin. Indigo-blue. Indophenol-blue (naphthol-blue). Action of nitrosodimethylanilin on a-naphthol. Indigo-blue. Lauth's violet (thionin). Oxidation of paraphenylendiamin in an acid solution | Violet. containing hydrogen sulphid. Methylene-blue (fast blue). Tetramethylthionin hydrochlorid with zinc chlorid. Green-blue. Muscarin. A derivative of nitrosodimethylanilin. Blue. Neutral red. Dimethyldiamidotoluphenazin hydrochlorid. Red. Neutral violet. Dimethyldiamidophenazin hydrochlorid. Violet. New blue (cotton-blue R, fast blue for cot- Blue. ton, naphthylenene-blue). Nile blue. Action of muscarin on a-naphthylamin. Blue. - Phenylauramin. Heating auramin with anilin. Orange-yellow. Phenylene-blue. Oxidation of phenylenediamin with anilin. Green-blue. Prune. Obtained from gallic methyl ether. Toluylene-blue. Oxidation of toluylene diamin. Blue. c. Fluorescein colors. The Eosins (#6s, morning redness). Cyanosin. Formed by methylating phloxin. Blue. Cyanosin B. Formed by ethylating tetrabromtetrachlorfluorescein. Blue. Eosin. Tetrabrom fluorescein. Red. Eosin A extra. Sodium tetrabrom fluorescein. Garnet-red. Eosin B. Sodium or ammonium tetrabromfluorescein. Red. Eosin-orange. Sodium dibrom fluorescein. Orange-red. Eosin-scarlet (daphnin, eosin B. AW, lute- | Sodium, potassium, or ammonium dibromdinitro- || Scarlet. cienne, rose des Alpes, safrosin). fluorescein. PIGMENTS 1094 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Conférezzed. PIGMENTS NAME. CoMPosition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. Erythrosin (diamthin B, eosin bleuâtre, eosin J, iodeosin B, pyrosin B, rose Bd- l’eau, soluble primrose). Sodium, potassium and ammonium tetraiodofluor- eSCCIII. Light brick-red to brown- red. Erythrosin G (dianthin G, iodeosin G). Salts of di-iodofluorescein. Red. Phloxin P. Potassium tetrabromdichlorfluorescein. Red. Phloxin T. Formed by bromizing tetrachlorfluorescein. Red Primrose (eosin S, ethyl easin, rose / Bä- Potassium ethyltetrabromfluorescein. Bright-red. 2’alcool, spirit eosin). Rose Bengale (Bengal red). Formed by iodizing dichlorfluorescein. Blue-red. Rose Bengale B. Formed by iodizing tetrachlorfluorescein. Blue-red. Soluble eosin, Sodium or ammonium tetrabromfluorescein. Reddish-brown. d. Resorczzt colors. - Resorcin-blue (fluorescent resorcinal blue, Formed by heating resorcin with sodium nitrite. Blue. Jacmoid). { Resorcin-brown. Combining resorcin with a diazo-compound. Brown. Resorcin-violet. Action of resorcin on tetramethyldiamidobenzo- Violet. phenon. Solid green. Dinitroresorcin. Green. d. Waphthalene Pigments. Brilliant yellow. Treating a-naphthodisulphonic acid with nitric acid. Yellow. Martius' yellow (golden yellow, naphthal- | Sodium, ammonium, or calcium dinitro-a-naphthol. Yellow. ene-yellow, naphthol-yellow, Manchester yellozw, saffron-yellozo). Napthalene-red (magalala-red, naphthalin- Diamido-naphthyl napthazonium chlorid. Scarlet. scarlet, Soudan-red). Naphthalene-violet (naphthamein). Formed by oxidizing a-naphthylamin. Violet. Naphthol-blue (indophenol, naphthol-violet). Action of nitrosodimethylanilin on a-naphthol. Indigo-blue. Naphthol-green B. Tºng 8-naphtholmonosulphonic acid S with nitric Green. Naphthol-yellow S (acid yellozy S). Treating a-naphtholtrisulphonic acid with nitric acid. Yellow. Phenanthrene-red. Red. Sungold. Yellow. e. Phenol Pigments. Aurin (rosolic acid). Heating phenol with sulphuric and oxalic acids. Orange-red. Azulin (azurin, rosolic blue). Heating rosolic acid with anilin. Blue. Corallin-red (aurin R, peonin, peony-red). Heating aurin with ammonium hydroxid. Red. Corallin-yellow. Formed from aurin. Orange-yellow. Flavaurin (mezv yellozv). Ammonium dinitrophenolparasulphonate. Yellow. Garnet-brown (grenate brown). Potassium or ammonium cresylpurpurate. Brown. Phenol-blue. Action of dimethyl phenylenediamin on phenol. Green-blue. Phenyl-brown (Havana brozyn, leather- Action of sulphuric and nitric acids on phenol. Brown. brown, phenicin, rothein). Picric Acid, Trinitrophenol. Yellow. Quinolin colors. Quinolin-blue (cyanin). Reaction of amyl iodid, quinolin and methylquinolin. Blue. Quinolin-green. Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylquinolol hydrochorid. Green. Quinolin-red. Heating benzotrichlorid with quinaldin and iso- || Red. quinolin in the presence of zinc chlorid. - Quinolin-yellow. Heating quinaldin with phthalic anhydrid and zinc chlorid. Yellow. PIGMENTS 1095 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Copatenteed. PIGMENTS NAME. CoMPosition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. Salicylic acid colors. Salicyl-orange. Orange-yellow, Salicyl-yellow. Monobromsalicylic acid or its sodium salt. Yellow. Victoria yellow (anilin-orange, saffron-sub- stitute, Victoria orange). 3. VEGETABLE PIGMENTS. Orange-yellow. Adansonia-red. oº:: by Walz from the bark of Adamsonia digi- Blood-red. tata, L. AEthylpurpurin. Obtained by Schützenberger and Schiffert from pur-i Red. purin. Alder-red. Obtained from the wood of Alnus glutinosa. Gaert. Red. Alizarin. Discovered in 1826 by Colin and Robiquet in madder | Red. (Rubia tinctoria); named from Ali-Zari, the Orien- tal commercial name for madder. Alkanna-green. Obtained from madder-root. Green. Alkanna-red (Alkanet, Anchusin, Pseudal- Obtained from the roots of Anchusa tinctoria or Al- | Red. Æannin, “Acid anchusique,” Pelletier). Áanna tinctoria of southern Europe. Anthocyan (Flower-blue). The coloring-matter, according to Marquart, of many | Blue. blue, red, and violet flowers, the tint depending on the amount of acid present. Cf. Cyanin. Anthoxanthin (Flower-yellow). Obtained by Marquart from yellow flowers. Cf. the Yellow. Xanthin of Cloez, and Xanthéin of Fremy. Antwerp-brown. Asphaltun mixed with a drying-oil. Brown. Archil (French purple, orchil, orchil-purple). From Roccella tinctoria and R. ſuciformis. Violet, mauve-purple. Arnatto (annatto, annotto, orleans). The fruit-pulp of Birin orellana, L. Employed by silk-dyers and varnish-makers; also for coloring cheese, cream, chocolate, confectionery, etc. See A trim. Yellowish-red. Azale (pincoffin). Crude alizarin. Red. Azolitmin. From litmus. Deep blood-red. Bacterio-purpurin. Obtained from the protoplasm of Beggiatoa roseo- || Peach-color. - - persicina. , Barwood-red (mock Turkey red). Wood of Baphia mitida. Orange-red. Bezette (turnesol rag). Juice of Croton tinctorium. Blue. Bioxyalizarin. Obtained from Alsatian madder by treatment with Orange-red. * alcohol and benzol. Bixin (orellin, orlean-red). Obtained from Bira orellanna. Cinnabar-red. Bladder-green (iris-green, sap-green). From berries of Rhamnus catharticus. Green. Brasilin (brazilin). Obtained by Chevreul and Bolley from the wood of Casalpinia sappan, L.; C. brasiliensis, S. W.; C. echinata, Lam. Golden-yellow. Brown madder. Lake from madder-root. Rich brown. Brown pink (stil de grain). From Rhamnus infectorius, or from quercitrin bark. Dark-pink. Canarin. Oxidation of potassium sulphocyanid with potassium chlorate in the presence of sulphuric and hydro- chloric acids. Orange-yellow. Capsicum-red. First obtained by Braconnot from Capsicum annuum, Red. Capucine madder. Lake from madder-root. Reddish-orange. Carotin. The coloring-matter of the root of the cultivated car- : Daucus carota, discovered, in 1832, by Wacken- TOCier. Deep-red to golden-red. Carthamin (rouge végétal, safflower-car- min). Obtained from saffron (Carthamus tinctorius), L. Dark brownish-red to yel- lowish-red and purple, according to mordant. Catechu (cashoo). Extract from Acacia catechu. Brown. PIGMENTS 1096 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Continued, PIGMENTS NAME. ComPosition, PREPARATION, Etc. COLOR. Cerulein (azulene). A vegetable principle. Blue. Chelidoxanthin. Obtained by Probst from Chelidonium majus, L. Yellow. Chemic black. Gall-nuts with ferric nitrate and pyroligneous acid. Black. Chica-red (carajura, chico-red). Leaves of Bignonia chica. Orange-red. Chinese green (laokao). From Rhamnus chlorophorus and R. utilis. Green. Chlorogenin. Obtained from madder-root by Schunck. Green. Chlorophyl (Leaf-green). From the leaves or other, green parts of plants, and Green. certain invertebrates. A complex coloring-matter composed of varying mixtures of phyllocyanin, and phylloxanthin. Cf. phycoxanthin, phycopháin. Chlorrubiadin. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Yellow. Chlorrubian. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Yellow. Chrome-black. Produced by mordanting with potassium dichromate | Black. and dyeing with logwood. Chrysophan. Obtained from the roots of rhubarb (Rheum palma- |Gold or sulphur-yellow. tum). Chrysophanic acid. Discovered by Schrader (1819) : found in the lichens, Parmelia parietina, Parmelia caparata, Squamaria elegans, and Cassia bifuga, Andira araroba, (Goa powder), Rheum palmatum. Yellow. Chrysorhamnin. Obtained from the fruit of Rhamnus amygdalenus, R. tnſectorius, and R. saxatilis. Golden yellow. Cinchona-red (Chinaroth, rosso di China, cinchofulvic acid). A glºbophene discovered by Reuss (1812) in cinchona alſk. Red. Cissotannic-acid. Obtained by Wittstein from reddened autumn leaves and from strawberries. - Brown-red or red-brown. Colorin. Dry alcoholic extract of garancin. Red. Common black. From logwood, sumac, and fustic, by adding a mix- Black. ture of green and blue vitriol. Cork black. Burning cork in closed vessels. Black. Crocin (Polycroit). Obtained from Crocus sativus, Gardenia grandifolia, Yellow. and Fabiana imbricata. Cudbear. From Lecanora tartarea and other lichens. Purple or violet. Curcumin (Curcuma-yellozy, Turmeric). Obtained from the roots of Curcuma longa, and other | Yellow. species; cultivated throughout Eastern tropics; used in cookery, and for test-paper. Cyanin (Flozver-blue). Found by Fremy, and Cloez in blue flowers, e.g., | Blue. corn-flower, violets, etc. This appears to be a pure form of the anthocyan of Marquart. The scarlet- red of some flowers appear to be a mixture of cy- amin and ramthin. Dragon's blood. Resin from Dracama draco. Red. Dutch-pink. From Reseda luteola. See Luteolin. Pink. Dyer's broom. From Genista tinctoria. Yellow. Erythrin. Obtained from Roccella fuciformis. Red. Erythrophyl (Leaf-red). Obtained by Berzelius from reddened autumn leaves|| Red. (e.g., cherry, currant). Etiolin. The yellow pigment of etiolated leaves. Cf. ºrantho- || Yellow. phyl, phylloxanthin. Filix-red. Obtained from the rhizomes of Aspidium filiar mas. Dark brick-red. Florence lake (Florentine lake). Lake from logwood. Deep brown-red. Florideae-green. That ſº of the compound, pigment §odophy.) Green. of the red algae which is soluble in alcohol. Fucoxanthin. Sorby's name for the principal coloring-matter of the Amber. olive-green sea-weeds (Fucaceae and Laminarasceae). Fustin (fisetin). Obtained from the root of Rhus cotinus. Yellow. PIGMENTS 1097 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Corzzzzzzzed. PIGMENTS malin from Ruta graveolens, and other species of A’zetaceae. NAME. Composition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. Galloflavin. Oxidation of gallic acid in alkaline solution. Yellow. Gambier (gamóir, pale catechu, terra Extract from leaves of Üncaria gambier. Yellowish-brown. japonica). Gamboge. Gum-resin from Garcinia hanburyi. Brownish-yellow. Garanceux. From the waste madder of the dye-houses. R; deep -brown, lilac, 21CK. Garancin. Action of conc. sulphuric acid on pulv. madder. Red. Gas-black (hydrocarbon-black). Burning natural gas against a revolving iron cylinder. Black. Glaucotin. Obtained by Probst from the flowers of Glaucium || Yellow. luteum, Scop. Guaiac-yellow. Obtained by Pelletier and Hadelich from the resin of Yellow. Guaiacum officinale, L. Harmal-red (Harmalin). Obtained by Göbel as an oxidation-product of har- || Red. Hematein. oºined from hematoxylin by the action of ammo- Black-violet. Illal. Henatoxylin. From logwood, Hamatoxylon campechianum. Red, blue, purple. * Hooker's green. Mixture of Prussian blue and gamboge. Green. Ilixanthin. Obtained by Moldenhauer from Ilex aquifolium. Yellow. Indigo (Indian blue). From leguminous plants of the genus Jndigofera. Blue. Indigo-brown. *. Mixture of Indihumin and indiretin. Brown. Indigo-carmin. Sodium salt of indigo-extract. Blue-red. Indigo-extract (disulphonic acid, indigotin). Solution of indigo in strong sulphuric acid. Blue. Indigo-red (indigo-purple, indirubin). Decomposition of Indican by oxalic or tartaric acid. Reddish-purple. indigotin (Indigo-blue, liquid blue, Saarony blue, oat-blue). A pigment known to the ancients, and obtained from many plants, Indigofera tinctoria, L. : Indigofera amil, L. : Indigofera argentea, L.; Indigofera dis- perma, L. : Isat is tinctoria, Isatis lusitanica (see Woad), Averium tinctorium, or Wrightia tinctoria, Polygonum tinctorium, Polygonum fagopyrum, Poly- gonum chimense, Marsdenia tinctoria, Asclepias tingens, Galega tinctoria, Mercurialis perennis, Melamgyrum arvenza, Melampyrum cristatum, Polygola bracteolata, Croton tinctorium, Croton zer- bascºfolium, Phytolacca decandra, Phytolacca mexi- cana, Monotropa hypopitys, Tephrosia apollinea, T. to ricaria, Randia aculeata, Amoréha fruticosa; also found in animal fluids, urine, sweat, milk, pus. This pigment is not a direct product of the plant- juices or animal fluids, but a decomposition-product, the result of the action of bacteria upon indican or other glucosids. Cf. Bacillus indigoferres, Classen, and Bacillus indigogenus, Alvarez, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Blue. Indigo-white (indigogen). Isatrin-yellow. Action of reducing agents on commercial indigo. Blue. Action of phenylhydrazinparasulphonic acid on dioxi- tartaric acid. Yellow. Japan black (asphaltum, Brunswick black, Japan lacquer), ICyanophyl. Cooking asphaltun with linseed-oil and adding tur- pentine. Black. Wiesner's name for nearly pure chlorophyl freed from its yellow pigment, xanthophyl. Cf. Phyllocyanin. Blue-green. Hamp-black (soot). Imperfect combustion of resin, oils, gas, tar, etc. Black. Ligulin, Obtained by Nicklès and Reinsch from the berries of Ligustrum vulgare. Cf. CEpholin. Carmin-red. Lithospermum-red. First obtained by Ludwig and Kromayer from the Red. bark of the root of Lithospermum arvense. Litmus. From Roccella tinctoria, and other lichens. Blue. Logwood-black. Mordanting with iron salts and dyeing with log- || Black. wood. PIGMENTS 1098 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Corazzazed. PIGMENTS NAME. CoMPOSITION, PREPARATION, ETC. CoLoR. Lutein (Egg-yellozº). A red lipochrome obtained by Thudicum from many kinds of yellow flowers, seeds, the flesh of berries, and the yellow bodies in the ovaries of mann mals, egg-yolks, and other animal substances. Yellow. Luteolin. Discovered by Chevreul in 1830. The yellow coloring- matter of Reseda luteola, L. (Ash of Jerusalem, Dyers’ Rocket, Dyers' Weed, Dyers' Yellow-weed, Goud, Green-weed, Italian Rocket, Weld, Woad, Wolds, Woulds, Woold, Yellow Rocket, Yellow Weed, Yellows); chiefly used for paper-hangings The color called Dutch pink is also obtained from it. Green, yellow, or blue, ac- cording to the mordants employed. Madder (Adrianople red, madder-red, Turkey | From the roots of Rubia tinctorum. Red. red). Madder-brown. From catechu worked with madder-colors. Brown. Madder-carmin. Lake from madder-root with an aluminum base. Carmin. Madder-orange. Lake from madder-root. Orange. Mºroupe (Field’s purple, purple rubi- ate). Lake from madder-root. Deep-purple. Madder-yellow. Lake from madder-root. Bright yellow. Marennin. The green coloring-principle absorbed, by oysters | Green. from diatoms (AVavicula ostrearia) in “greening.” Cf. Diatomin. Morin. From the Heart-wood of mulberry (Morus tinctoria). Yellow. Morindin. Discovered by Anderson, in 1849, in the bark of the Sulphur-yellow to red, ac- root of Morinda citrifolia. cording to mordant. Munjistin (Indian madder, mungeet, mun- feet). Obtained from the East India madder (Rubia mun- fista, or Rubia cordifolia). - Golden-yellow to red, ac- cording to mordant, Nemours blue. Dyeing with sandal-wood and afterward with indigo. Blue. Nitropurpurein. Obtained by Stenhouse from Purpure?n by the action of nitric acid. Scarlet. º (aemolinic acid, Berry-blue, Berry- red). Obtained by Mulder and Glénard from grapes, whor- tleberries, bilberries, blackberries, mulberries, elder- Blue-black, violet-red to red-brown. berries, etc. Cf. Ligulin. Orcin (orcinol). From orchella weed and other lichens. Blood-red. Orellin. From Biºra orellana, L. See Bixin. Red. Orlean-red. Obtained from Biza orellarza. See Biarin. Red. Oxyrubian. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Brown. Peach-black. Calcination of peach-stones. Black. Pheophyl (Phaeophyl). The compound pigment of the Fucaceae and Phae- osporea. Cf. Phycophaein and Phycoacanthin. Olive or brown. Phlobaphene (Bark-pigment). Obtained from the bark of various trees and shrubs, by Stahelin, Hofstetter, Hesse, Hlasivetz, Grabow- ski, etc. Brown-red. Phycochrome. A complex pigment of the Cyanophyceae, or Phyco- chromaceae. Cf. Phycocyanin. Blue-green. Phycocyanin. Obtained from various phycochromaceous algae and from certain invertebrates (Chaetopterus). Cf. Scyto- 72&7722?2. Blue in transmitted light, blood-red in reflected light. Phycoerythrin. That Pºiº of the compound pigment (Rhodophyl) | Red. of the red Algaz which is soluble in water. Cf. Floridea-green. ſh. Phycohematin. Obtained from the sea-weed Rhytiplaa tinctoria. Blood-red. Phycophein. Obtained from the Fucaceae and Phaeosporea...Schutt Reddish-brown. confines the name to that part of pheophyl which is soluble in water. Phycoxanthin. That portion of the pheophyl of the Fucaceae and | Yellow. Phaeosporea which is soluble in alcohol. Phyllerythrin. A general term for the red pigment of leaves. Red. PIGMENTS 1099 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.–Cozzzzzzzled. PIGMENTS NAME. Composition, PREPARATION, ETC. COLOR. Phyllocyanin (Cyanophyl). T; acid constituent of chlorophyl. Cf. Phyllozan- thin. Blue or greenish-blue. Phylloxanthin (Xanthophyl). oº:: he constituents of Chlorophyl. Cf. Phyllo- Yellow. Phymatorhusin. From metastatic deposits in the skin. Phyterythrin. Same as Erythrophyl. Red. Pink madder. Lake from madder-root. Pink. Pittacal. From beechwood tar. Blue. Pseudopurpurin. oº:: ...tian madder by treatment with | Red. Puccoon. The Indian term for the dye obtained from various | Red to yellow. North American herbs, e.g., Lithospermum hirtum, Alithospermum canescens, Sanguinaria canadensis, etc. Purple-madder. Lake from madder-root. Purple. Purpurein. From Purpurin by the action of ammonium hydroxid. Carmin-red. Purpurin (Oaºyalizarin, Madder p u rºle, Field’s purple, Purple rubiate). Obtained by the action of yeast on Alsatian or Avig- non madder. Cº.; to purple, ac- cording to mordant. Quercetin (Meletin). Obtained from the heart-wood of Rhus cotinus, the berries of Hippophaea rhamnoides, the green parts of Calluna vulgaris, the flowers of Cornus mascula, horsechestnut leaves and flowers, etc. Citron-yellow. Quercitrin. Discovered by Chevreul and Brandt. It occurs in the bark of the black-oak (Quercus tinctoria, Mich.), as well as other species of oak, also in tea-leaves, and as queraescitrin in the leaves, flowers, and cotyle- dons of the horsechestnut. Sulphur-yellow to chrome- yellow. Quinora-red. Obtained from cinchona bark by Pelletier and Caven- ton (1820). Red. Rhodophyl. The compound pigment of the red Algae. Cf. Phyco- Carmin - red in transmit- - erythrin and Floridea-green. - ted light, green or red- dish-yellow in reflected light. Rhodospermin. The red coloring-matter of the Florideae, obtained by Red. Rosanoff, Cramer, Askenasy, Sorby, and others. Cf. Phycoerythrin. Rose-lake. From logwood. Deep brown-red. Rose-madder. Lake from madder-root. Rose. Rottlera-red. s Obtained from the dust-like hairs of the capsules of Rottlera tinctoria, Pixby, and used in India as a dye for silk. Red, orange, or, by special process, scarlet. Ruben’s madder. Lake from madder-root. Brown. Ruberythrinic acid. An acid §2. isolated by Rochleder, in 1851, from the madder Rubia tinctoria, L., of which it appears to be the primary chromogen. Brick-red, cherry-red. Rubiacinic acid. Obtained from Rubiaſin by Schunck. Citron-yellow. Rubiadin. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Golden-yellow. Rubiadipin. Obtained from madder-root by Schunck. Yellowish-brown ; it yields. a blood-red col or with alkalies. Rubiafin. Obtained from madder-root by Schunck. Yellow. Rubiagin. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Citron-yellow. Rubian. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root (Rubia tinc- Rubianic acid. toria). Obtained by Schunck from Rubian, and held by him to be identical with Rochleder's Ruberythrinic acid. Dark-yellow ; it yields with an alum mordant a bright orange, with iron a clear brown. Citron-yellow. Rubianin. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Bright-yellow. Rubidehydran and Rubihydran. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root. Dark-yellow. PILE 1100 CONSPECTUS OF PIGMENTS.—Corzzzzzzzea. PILEUS NAME. CoMPOSITION, PREPARATION, ETC COLOR. Rubiretin. Obtained by Schunck by treating Rubian, Rubide- hydran, and Rubihydran with dilute acids and alka- lies, or by the action of erythrozym on rubian. Dark reddish-brown. Saffron-yellow. Obtained from saffron (Carthamus tinctorius, L.), by lead acetate and ammonium hydroxid. Brown-yellow. Santalin. From hard red-woods—Bar-wood, Calliatura wood, Red. |am-zuood, Santal-zuood. Sawwort. From foliage of Serratula tinctoria. Yellow. Sedan black. Ferrous sulphate on wood, logwood, and sumac. Intense black. Spanish black. Burnt cork. Black. - Spiraein (Spiraºa wellow). Obtained by Löwig and Weidmann from Spirata ||Yellow. ulmaria, L Spirit-brown. Brown. Dyeing with jºin and then with peachwood, logwood, and alum. Styrogallol. By the union of cinnamic and gallic acids. Pale green. Tallochlor. Obtained from thistle-heads, artichokes, and flower- || Green. buds, by Verdeil, and from various lichens by Schnedermann and Knop. Tartrazin. Action of phenylhydrazinparasulphonic acid on dioxi- || Yellow. tartaric acid. - Thujetin. Obtained from Thujin, perhaps identical with Quer- || Yellow, cetin. Thujin. ' Obtained from the green portions of the common | Citron-yellow. Arbor vitae (Thuja occidentalis). Vandyke-brown (Cassel-brozyn). Species of peat or lignite. Reddish-brown. Verantin. Obtained by Schunck from madder-root (Rubia tinc- | Reddish-brown. toria). Woad. Leaves of Isatis tinctoria. Cf. Luteolin. Blue. Wongshy. From seed-pods of Gardenia florida. Yellow. xanthéin (Fremy), Xanthin (Cloez) (Flow- Obtained by Fremy and Cloez from yellow flowers || Yellow. er-yellozo). (e.g., sunflowers and yellow dahlias). Cf. Antho- 3ranthºn. Yanthin. Obtained by Higgin, and Kuhlmann, from madder- || Yellow. root. Schunck holds this to be an impure Rubian, and Rochleder an impure Ruberythrinic acid. Xanthophyl (Leafyellow). Obtained by Berzelius from yellow autumn leaves, Yellow. and other parts of plants. , Krauss uses it as Syn- Ö Xanthorhamnin. onymous with Phylloxanthin. Fruit of Rhamnus amygdalinus, R. inſectorius, and R. salaratilis. ** Olive-yellow. Xanthotannic acid. Obtained by Ferrein from the reddened autumn Yellow. leaves of the elm. Yylochloric acid (Wood-green). Isolated from old wood by Bley, Jr. - Green. Yellow carmin. Lake from Persian berries or quercitrin bark. Yellow. Pile (pi/) [pilus, hair]. The hair, or hairs collectively, Pileorhiza (pil-e-or-i/-zah) [pileus, a cap; bºa, a root]. of any part of the integument; a hemorrhoid; a bat- tery. P., Matteuci’s Muscular, a voltaic battery or pile, the elements of which are formed of longitudinal and transverse sections of muscle connected al- ternately. Pileate (pi/-e-āt) [pileus, a cap]. In biology, having a pileus, or cap, as certain fungi. Pileiform (pi/-e-iform) [pileus, a cap; forma, form]. In biology, pileate; having the form of a pileus. Pileolus (pi/-e'-o-lus)[dim. of pileus, a cap: pl., Pileoli]. In biology, a little pileus. f In biology, the root-cap. tº a tº Pileous (Žiž-e-us) [pilus, hair]. Pertaining to hair. Piles (pilº). See Hemorrhoids. • Pileum (ºil/-e-um) [pileum, a cap ; 24, Pilea], , . In biology, the cap or whole top of the head of a bird, from bill to nape, including the forehead, vertex, and occiput. & tº sº tº Pileus (pi/-e-us) [pileus also fileum, a cap : A'ſ, ºleil: In biology, a térm first introduced by Rondelet (15 54) to designate the disc of the Medusae, for which many writers have substituted the name umbrella or disc. It PILEWORT is also applied to the cap-like or umbrella-like summit of the stipe of many fungi. The hymenium-bearing portion is the same as cap. P. hippocraticus, the capeline bandage. Pilewort (pi/-wert). See Ficary. Pili (pi/-ä) [pilus, a hair]. Hairs. , P., Congenital, hair existing at birth. P., Post-genital, that appearing some time after birth. - Piliation (pil-e-a/-shun) [pilus, hair]. The formation and production of hair. Pilidium (pil-id/-e-um) [Tºtòtov, a little hat or cap]. In biology: (1) A free-swimming, helmet-shaped larva, occurring among the AVemertina. It holds a position intermediate between the young Turbellarian larva of the Polyclada (cf. Müller's Larva) and the typical Trochophoran Zarva. (2) A hemispheric apothe- cium in certain lichens. Piliferous (pi-lif'-er-us) [pilus, a hair; ferre, to bear]. In biology, bearing a slender bristle or hair, or beset with hairs. P. Cyst, a dermoid cyst. Piliform (pi'-liform) [pilus, hair; forma, a form]. Having the form or appearance of hair; filiform. Piligerous (pi-liff’-er-us)[ºilus, hair; gerere, to carry]. Piliferous; covered with hair. Pilimiction (??-lim-iº/-shun) [pilus, hair; mingere, to urinate]. The passing of urine containing hair-like filaments. Pill (pil) [ME., pille, pill]. See Pilula. P., Blair's, an empiric English preparation containing colchi- cum and used in the treatment of gout. P., Blaud’s. See Blaud. P., Blue. See Hydrargyrum. P.- box, a box for holding pills. P.-coater, a machine for coating pills with sugar, gelatin, or other material. P., Compound Cathartic. See Colocynth. P., Com- pressed, a pill made by compressing the powdered substance into proper shape by means of a powerful press, without the use of an excipient. P., Dupuy- tren’s, a pill containing extract of opium, bichlorid of mercury, and extract of guaiac. P., Friable, a pill that crumbles into powder on slight pressure. P., Griffith's. See Ferrum. P.-mass, a cohesive mass into which the ingredients of the pills are worked. P.-tile, a metallic plate with semi-cylindric grooves on its upper surface. It is used in the manufacture of pills. Pillar (pi/-ar) [pila, a pillar]. In biology, a columnar structure, a columella, modiola, crus, peduncle. P. of the Abdominal Ring, one of the columns on either side of the abdominal ring. P., Anterior, of the Fauces, the fold on each side of the uvula formed by the projection of the palatoglossus muscle covered by mucosa. P., Anterior, of the Fornix, the band of white matter on either side that passes from the anterior extremity of the fornix to the base of the brain, forming part of the corpus albicans, and that curves upward into the optic thalamus of the corres- ponding side. P. of Corti, one of the rods of Corti, two greatly modified epithelial cells in the organ of Corti; they are slender, slightly S-shaped, longitudin- ally striated bodies, consisting of a denser substance— the pillar proper—and a thin, imperfect protoplasmic envelop. P. of the External Abdominal Ring, one of the two columns or pillars forming the free borders of the aponeurosis at the site of the external abdom- inal ring. The external pillar is formed by that portion of Poupart's ligament which is inserted into the spine of the pubis. The internal, or superior pillar is a broad, thin, flat band, which interlaces with its fellow on the opposite side in front of the symphysis pubis. P., External, of the Diaphragm. See Crus of the Diaphragm. P. of the Fauces, one of the folds of mucous membrane on either side of the fauces. P., Flexible, a jointed pillar for inclining the 1101 PILULA P., Internal, of the Ab- dominal Ring. See P. of the External Abdom- inal Ring. P., Muscular. See Muscle-column. P., Posterior, of the Fauces, a fold at each side of the uvula formed by the palato-pharyngeus muscle, covered by mucosa. P., Posterior, of the Fornix, one of the two bands which pass from the posterior extremities of the fornix downward into the descend- ing horn of the lateral ventricle. P., Superior, of the Abdominal Ring. Synonym of P., Internal, of the Abdominal Ring. Pillicoshy (pi/-ić-o-she). A vulgar corruption of pil. ulae cochia, cochia pills (see Cochia); hence, powder of aloes and canella, or hiera picra. Pilliocausia (pil-e-o-kaw/-se-ah). See Pillicoshy. Pilocarpidin (pi-lo-kar/-pid-in) [Tiãog, a cap; Kapítóg, fruit], Cio Hio N.O.o. A syrupy, alkaline basic sub- stance, obtained from jaborandi leaves; it is weaker in its action than pilocarpin. Pilocarpin (pi-lo-kar/-pin). See Pilocarpus. Pilocarpus (pi-ſo-Kar/-pus) [Tiãog, a cap; Kaptóg, fruit]. Jaborandi. The young leaves of P. se/loanus, P. pennatifolius, and Piper ſaborandi, containing a vola- tile oil and 2 alkaloids, jaðorin and pilocarpin. Jaborin is similar to atropin in action, and antagonistic to pilo- carpin, but it is present in the leaves in only small amounts. Pilocarpin stimulates the peripheral ends of the secreting nerves going to glands, perhaps also the centers. It thus causes an increased flow of saliva, marked sweating, secretion of tears, of mucus from the nose and the bronchi, of the gastric and intestinal juices. It also stimulates involuntary muscle; on the vagus it acts as a stimulant, causing slowing of the pulse ; in: large doses it paralyzes the vagus. Vomiting is pro- duced by jaborandi and sometimes by pilocarpin alone. Pilocarpin causes contraction of the pupil. Its action. is antagonized very completely by atropin. Thera- peutically, pilocarpin is used chiefly in renal dropsy to produce sweating, also in uremia, for the same pur- pose. It probably causes an elimination of urea, and other waste-products, both in the sweat and in the saliva. As a diaphoretic it is also employed in coryza and bronchitis. It has been used most successfully in ery- sipelas. Pilocarpus, Ext., Fld., dose muv–3 j. J., Ext. (B. P.) Dose gr. iij–x. J., Infus. (B. P.) Dose 3 j-ij. J., Tinct. (B. P.) Dose 3 }{-}4. Pilocarpinae hydrochloras, the alkaloid. Dose gr. }%–%. P. nitras. Dose hypodermatically gr. Fºr-34. Injectio P. nitrat. hypodermica; I grain in 20 minims, Dose muij-vj. Pilocystic (pi-ſo-sis/-tić) [pilus, hair; Küotic, a sacj. A term applied to encysted tumors containing hair and fatty matters, e.g., some dermoid cysts. Pilo-motor (??-lo-mo'-tor) [pilus, hair; movere, to move]. Causing movement of the hair. P. Nerves, nerves causing contraction of the erectores pilorum, as in horripilation of animals. Pilonidal (pi-lo-ni’-dal) [pilus, hair; midws, nest]. Containing an accumulation of hairs in a cyst. P. Fistula, a fistula in the neighborhood of the rectum. depending upon the presence of a tuft of hair in the tissues. It is also known as Coccygeal Fistula. Pilose, Pilous (pi/-/02, pi/-/us) [pilosus, hairy]. In biology, covered with long, straight, soft hairs; hairy; hirsute. Pilosis (pī-lo’-sis) [pilus, hair]. The development, and especially the abnormal or excessive development, of hairs. Pilosity (??-losſ-it-e) [pilus, a hair]. The state of be- ing pilose. Pilous (pi/-ſus). See Pilose. Pilula (pi/- u - lah) [L. : pl., Pilulae]. A pill. In body of the microscope. PILULAR pharmacy, a spheric mass containing a prescribed medicinal substance with the excipient necessary to make it cohesive. The excipient may be soap and water, a gum, or one of the various syrups. There are I 5 official pilulº. See names, constituents, etc., under principal ingredient. Pilular (pi/-at-lar) [pilula, dim. of pila, ball]. Of the nature or form of a pill. Pilule (pi/-ä/) [pilula, a small pill]. pellet, or parvule. Pilulous (pi/-u-ſus). Same as Pilular. Pilum (pi/-lum) [L.]. In pharmacy, a pestle. Pilus (Ai’-lus) [pilus, a hair; pl., Pilij. In biology, a fine, slender, hair-like body. Pili gossypii, cotton staple. Pili tactiles, tactile hairs. Pimeladen (pim-e/-ad-en) [Triple%, fat; āöm, gland: p/., Pime/adenes]. Any sebaceous gland. Pimelecchysis (pim-el-ek/-kis-is) [Tue2%, fat; Škrvoic, a pouring out]. An excessive discharge of fat or of sebaceous matter. Pimelic Acid (pim-e/-ä). See Acid. Pimelitis (£im-e/-i/-tis) [Tue?, fat; trig, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of any adipose tissue; also, of connective tissue in general. Pimeloma (pim-el-o'-mah) [Tue??, fat; Śpia, tumor: p!., Pimelomata]. A fatty tumor; lipoma. Pimelopterygium (pim/-el-o-ter-ij/-e-um) [Triple%, fat; Trepüytov, a small wing]. A fatty outgrowth on the conjunctiva. Pimelorrhea (pim-el-or-e'-ah), [Tºue2%, fat; bota, a flow]. An excessive fatty discharge. Fecal discharge of undigested fat. Pimelorthopnea (pim-el-or-ſhop-me/-ah) [Triple%, fat; ôp6óTvota, orthopnea]. Orthopnea due to obesity. Pimelosis (pim-el-o/-sis) [Tue?ff, fat; vóaog, disease]. Conversion into fat. The fatty degeneration of any tissue; obesity, or corpulence. Pimelotic (pim-el-of/-ić) [TimeAff, fat]. pimelosis. Pimeluria (pim-el-u/-re-ah)[Tlue?fi, fat; oipov, urine]. The excretion of fat in the urine; lipuria. Pimenta (pi-mem/-fah) [Sp., pimiento, the pepper-plant: gen., Pimenta]. Allspice. The immature fruit of Pimenta officinalis. It contains an aromatic, pungent, volatile oil that is much used as a flavor and condi- ment. It is useful in flatulence and to prevent the griping of purgatives. Dose gr. x–xl. P., Aqua (B. P.) Dose 3 ss—ij. P., Oleum (B. P.) Dose m]—iv. Piºnto (??-mem/-to). Synonym of Pimenta. Pimpernel (pim/-per-nel) [ME., pympyrmel, pimper- nel]. See Anagallis arvensis. Pimpinella (pim-pin-e/-ah) [Fr., pimpernel]. A genus of umbelliferous plants, the pimpernels. Pimple (pim/-p/) [AS., pipel, a pimple]. A small pustule or papule. See Papule and Pusſule. P., Maggot, a popular term for Comedo. P. Mite. See Demodex folliculorum, under Parasites (Animal), Table of. Pimply (pim/-ple) [AS., pipel, a pimple]. covered with pimples. Pin [ME., pinne, a pin]. A metal instrument shaped like a needle, but with a globular head, used for fasten- ing or holding parts together. P.-buttock, a sharp, angular buttock. P., Center, the pointed steel rod projecting from the center of the trephine-saw, used for fixing the trephine. P., Harelip, a strong, long pin passed through the lips of a wound in order to form a support for the sutures which are wound around it. P.-sensation. See Pºns and AWeedles. P.- worm. See Oxyuris vermicularis among Parasites (Animal), 7able of A small pill, Affected with Spotted; 1102 PINEAL Pinacocytal (pin-ak-o-si/-tal) [tivaš, a tablet; küTog, a cell]. Pertaining to pinacocytes. Pinacocyte (pin/-a/-o-sit) [Trivaš, a tablet; kūtog, a cell]. In biology, one of the simple, pavement, epi- thelial cells composing the ectoderm of most sponges. Pinacolin (pin - a.k/-o - lin), CsPI,O. A ketone ob- tained from pinacone by the action of hydrochloric acid with heat. The pinaco/ins are ketones contain- ing a tertiary, alkyl group, formed from the pinacones. Pinacone (pin/-a/-än), CsPILO,. A diatomic alcohol which crystallizes from its aqueous solution in the form of the hydrate, C6H13O2+CH,O, which consists of large, quadratic plates, melting at 42°C. and gradu- ally efflorescing on exposure. In the anhydrous state it is a crystalline mass that melts at 38° C. and boils at I71° or I 72°C. The pinacones are glycols that con- tain two hydroxyl groups attached to two adjoining carbon atoms, which in turn are linked to two alkyls. Pinalic Acid (pin-a/-ä). See Acid, Valeric. Pince-cystotome (pans’-sis/-to-tom) [pince (Fr.), for- ceps; Küotag, bladder; topiń, a cutting]. An instru- ment terminating in two triangular cutting-blades, and which is used as a cystotome in cataract-opera- tions. Pincement (£ans'-ma(n)g) [Fr., “pinching”]. In massage, a pinching or nipping of the tissues; it is useful in neurasthenia. Pince-nez .. (pans/-na) [Fr.]. place on the nose by a spring. Pincers (pin/-sers) [Fr., pince]. Pincet, Pincette (pin-set/) [Fr.]. Small forceps. Pincoffin (pin/-koff-in). Same as Azale. Pindal, Pindar, Pinder (pin/-dal, pin/-dar, pin/-der). See Arachis hypogaea. Pine (pin) [pinus, pine]. See Pix. P.-apple Fiber, the leaves of the several varieties of Bromelia yield a fine, nearly colorless, fiber, which is worked, especially in Brazil, for the manufacture of the so-called “silk- grass.” P.-apple Oil, an alcoholic solution of ethyl butyric ether. P.-bark, a bark that is much used in Austria, Bavaria, and Southern Germany in themanufac- ture of leather. It contains from seven to ten per cent. of tannin and considerable resinous extractive matter. It does not yield as good a leather as oak-bark. P.- bath. See Bath. P.-gum, a variety of sandarach, from the Australian trees Callitris robusta and C. rhom- boidea. P.-needle Bath, a bath in which pine or fir needles are mixed with the water ; it is used in Ger- many as a stimulant tonic. - Pineal (pi-me/-al) [pinus, a pine-cone]. Belonging to or shaped like a pine- cone. P. Body (so called from its resem- blance in shape to a pine-cone), a small, red- dish-gray, vascular body situated behind the third ventricle, which is em- braced by its two pedun- cles; it is also called the conarium, from its conic shape. It rests upon the pregeminum, and is connected with the thalami by two pe- Eyeglasses kept in ForceDs. SECTION OF HUMAN PINEAL a, a. Acini lined and partially filled with epithelium and g & calcareous concretions (s". duncles. Its function 1S J'. Intertubular fibrous tis- unknown. It is consid- sue. (After Piersol.) ered to be the remains of the pineal eye of lower vertebrates. P. Eye, a rudimentary third, median or unpaired eye of certain lizards (Anguis, Hatteria, Veramus, Calotes, Seps, Leiodera), connected with the homologue of the pineal PINENCHYMA gland of higher animals by the pineal stalk. It is the vestige of what was a functionating sense-organ in extinct reptiles (Labyrinthodonta), and perhaps in mesozoic mammals (Tritylodon), or possibly an organ for the perception of warmth; the pineal body, epiphysis, or conarium, epiphysial eye, parietal eye, SAGITTAL SECTION THROUGH PART, of HEAD OF EMBRYo LIzARD, showing so-called pineal eye. P. Specialized isolated extremity of pineal diverticulum from brain-vesicle (B). b.c. So-called retinal and lenticular areas of its walls. a. Ectoderm. d. Remains of diverticulum un- dergoing division into tubules (d"). f. Blood-vessels. e. Mesodermic tissue. (After Piersol.) third eye. P. Gland. See P. Body. P. Pedun- cles, the habenae or habemulae. P. Sand, the brain- sand, often found in the pineal body. P. Ventricle, the cavity occasionally found within the pineal body; it represents the persistence of a fetal condition. Pinenchyma (pin-en/-kim-ah) [Tívaš, tablet: śyxvua, infusion]. Tissues composed of flat cells. - Pinene (pi/-mém) [pinus, pine], Ciołłis. A hydrocar- bon, the chief ingredient of the turpentine-oil prepared from the different varieties of pine, of eucalyptus-oil, juniper-berry oil, sage-oil, etc. Ping Ping. The root of a Chinese plant, used in ves- ical affections. Unof. Pinguecula, Pinguicula (pin-gºveš/-u-lah, pin-gwię'- at-lah) [pinguis, fat]. A small, yellow-white tumor of the conjunctiva, situated between the cornea and the canthus of the eye. Pinguefaction (pin -gwe - fak/- shun) [finguis, fat; facere, to make]. Conversion into fat. Pinguicula (pin -gwię/- u - lah) [pinguis, fat]. I. A genus of some thirty species of plants of wide geo- graphic distribution; the butterworts. They have vulnerary and aperient properties, and are locally used in thickening milk. They are insectivorous plants, and contain one or more digestive ferments. 2. A small tumor of the conjunctiva. Pinguid (ping/-gwid) [pinguis, fat]. Fat; unctuous. Pinguidinous (ping-gwid/-in-us) [pinguis, fat]. Con- taining fat. Pinguitude (ping-gwie-îld) [pinguis, fat]. Fatness. Pinguoleum (ping-gwo'-le-um) [pinguis, fat; oleum, oil]. A fatty or fixed oil. Pinhole (pin/-hö/) [ME., pinne, pin; AS., hol, a hole]. A minute perforation, like that made by a pin. P. Os, 1103 PINNATILOBED an extreme degree of atresia of the os uteri, seen in young and undeveloped women. P. Pupil, Pin-point Pupil, contraction of the iris to an extent that the pupil is scarcely larger than a pin's head. It is seen in opium-poisoning, after the use of myotics, in certain cerebral diseases, in locomotor ataxy, etc. Pinic Acid (pin/-ić)[pinus, pine], CooHa202. A resin- ous body obtained from pine-resin, having the same formula as pinearic acid, with which it may be ident- ical. Pinicoline (pin-i}/-o-lin) [pinus, a pine-tree; colere, to inhabit]. In biology, inhabiting pine forests, e.g., the Capercally, or Cock-of-the-wood (Zetrao uroga/. Aus). Piniform (pi/-niform) [pinus, pine; forma, form]. Pine-shaped; resembling a pine-cone. P. Decus- sation, a decussation of fibers in the oblongata be- tween the central gray matter and the pyramids. Pining (pi/-ning) [ME., pinen, pain]. Vulgar syno- nym for tuberculosis of cattle. Also applied to a peculiar melancholic longing of pregnant women, commonly called “ longings.” Pinion (pin/-yun) [penna, pinna, wing, feather]; . In biology, the manus or distal segment of a bird's wing (carpus, metacarpus, phalanges) bearing the pri- mary remiges. Pinipicrin (pin-ip-ik/-rin) [pinus, pine ; Tukpóc, bit- ter], C, HssOu. A bitter glucosid obtained from the needles and the bark of Pinus sy/westris and other plants. Pinitannic Acid (pin-it-an/-i}) [pinus, pine; M.E., tannen, tan], Ci, H16Os. A yellowish-red powder, a variety of tannic acid, found in Pinus sy/westris and other plants. Pinite (pin/-it) [pinus, pine], C.H12O5. A substance that occurs in the resin of Pinzes lambertina. It melts at 150° C. It is a pentahydric phenol of hexa- hydrobenzene. Pinites (pin-i/-tez) [pinus, pine]. A genus of extinct coniferous trees, of which P. succinifer is thought to have been the source of amber. Pink (ping?) [origin obscure]. A shade of pale-red. P. Crystals. Same as P. Saſt. P.-eye, the popu- lar term for a contagious muco-purulent conjunctivitis of horses, characterized by a red color of the eyeball. It may occur in man. P.-madder. See Pigments, Conspectus of P.-root. See Spigelia. P. Salt. See Pigments, Conspectus of Pinna (pin/-ah) [pinna, penna, feather, wing: £7., Pinnae]. In biology, a name applied to various wing- like or feather-like organs; as a wing, feather, fin, flipper, the ala auris or external cartilaginous flaps of the ear, the ala of the nose, one of the primary divi- sions of a pinnately-compound leaf. P. nasi. Syno- nym of Ala nasi. Pinnadiform (pin-ad/-īform) [pinna, feather, wing; ad, to ; forma, form]. In biology, applied to certain fishes in which the skin extends out on some or all of the fins. Pinnaglobulin (pin-ah-glob/-u-lin) [Trivva, a kind of mussel ; globulus, a round body]. A respiratory pigment containing manganese found in the blood of Aºinzea squamosa. Pinnate (pin/-ät) [pinna, a feather]. feathered or shaped like a feather. Pinnatifid (pin-aſ-if-id) [pinna, a feather; findere, to cleave]. In biology, cleft in a pinnate manner, with the marginal divisions reaching at least half way to the midrib ; pinnatisected. Pinnatilobate (pin-at-il-o'-bāţ). Joãed. Pinnatilobed (pin-at'-il-ābd) [pinna, a feather; lobus, In biology, Same as Pinnati- PINNATION a lobe]. . In biology, having several alternating rounded lobes and sinuses on each side of the midrib. Pinnation (pin-a'-shun) [pinna, feather]. In biology, the state or condition of being constructed in a pinnate IIla. In InCr. Pinnatipartite (pin-at-ip-ar/-tit) [pinna, a feather; Aartiri, to divide]. In biology, pinnately parted; having the divisions reaching almost to the midrib. Pinnatiped (pin-at'-ip-ed) [pinna, a feather; pes, foot]. In biology, pin-footed or flipper-footed; lobi- ped. Pinnatisect (pin-at'-is-ekt) [pinma, a feather; secare, to cut]. In biology, divided down to the midrib. Pinnatulate (pin - at’- u - lat) [dim. of pennatus, feathered]. In biology, bearing secondary pinnations or subdivisions. Pinniform (pin/-iform)[pinna, feather; forma, form]. In biology, resembling a feather, wing or flipper. Pinnigrade (pin/-ig-rád) [pinna, feather; gradi, to walk]. In biology, moving by means of fins. Pinninerved (pin/-in-erval) [pinna, feather; nervum, nerve]. Same as Penninerved. Pinniped (pin/-ip-ed) [pinna, feather, fin; £es (pedis), foot]. In biology, having feet like fins or flippers. Pinnitarsal (pin-it-ar/-sal) [pinna, feather; tarsus, tarsus]. In biology, having pinnate feet. Pinnitentaculate (pin - it - en -ta/- u - Zāt) [pinna, a feather; ſentaculum, a tentacle]. In biology, having pinnate tentacles. Pinnula (Żin/-u-la/.) [L., a little plume: pl., Pinnulae]. In biology, a small or secondary pinna. Pinnule (pin/-ii/) [pinnula, a little plume]. In biol- ogy, a small or secondary pinna; a pinnula, as a small pin or one of the ultimate divisions of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf. Pins and Needles. The popular name for those ab- normal sensations of tingling experienced by patients in various diseased conditions of the nervous system, or after an injury of a nerve. Pint (pint) [Fr. pinte, a spot]. gallon. Octarius. Symbol O. Pinta Disease [Sp. “painted ”I. Spotted Sickness; a tropical, contagious disease, due to a fungus, that pro- duces various discolorations of the skin. The spots are scaly, very variable in color, shape, number, and size, and the disease appears to be allied in its charac- ters to tinea versicolor. It usually begins on uncov- ered parts such as the face and extremities, but may affect the scalp or other parts of the body. The color of the patches is black, grayish-blue, red, or dull- white. The disease is very chronic. Pinus (pi/-mus). See Pix. Pioscope (pi/-0-sköp) [Tíov, fat; okoteiv, to see]. A variety of galactoscope. Piotrowski’s Reaction. The “biuret-reaction ” for proteids, developed by the addition of a few drops of dilute cupric sulphate and the subsequent addition of an excess of caustic potash or soda. It gives a reddish- violet color like that given by the substance biuret, a derivative of urea. The color deepens on boiling. Pip [ME., pippe, pip]. A disease of fowls, character- ized by a secretion of thick mucus in the throat and mouth. Piper (pi/-per) [L.]. Pepper; Black Pepper. The unripe fruit of P. nigrum, shriveled and dried. The plant is a native of the East Indies and contains an oleo- resin, an alkaloid, and a volatile oil. It is stimulant to the stomach, and irritant to the skin and is used mainly to correct flatulence, and locally for hemorrhoids. Dose gr. v-xx. P. aethiopicum, the guinea corn (Habzelia arthiopica). P. album. See Pepper, White. P. angustifolium. See Matico. P. anisatum, a The eighth part of a 1104 PISCICULTURE species of Piper substituted for cubebs. P. betel. See Betel. P. clusii, the Ashanti-pepper of West Africa. P., Confectio. (B.P.) Dose 3.j—ij. P. cu- beba. See Cubeb. P. jaborandi, Baillon’s name for a species of Piper yielding ſaborandi. P. longum, an East Indian plant, no longer employed in medicine, but infused in milk as a poison for flies. P. methys- ticum. See Aava-kava. P. nigrum. See Pepper, AlacA. P., Oleo-resina, contains the volatile oil. Dose mu%—j. P. umbellatum, one of the sources of the Brazilian Caapeba, or Periparola, which is also obtained from Cissampelos caapeba. Piperazin (pi-per-a/-zin), CsPilo N. Diethylene dia- min ; a crystalline solid melting at IO4°C, and boiling at I45–146°C. It is reported to be a powerful solvent of uric acid, and its dilute solution is prescribed in cases of urinary lithiasis. Dose gr. v.-viij. Unof. Piperic (pi-per/-i}) [piper, pepper]. Pertaining to, or containing pepper. P. Acid, C12H16O4, a monobasic acid obtained by boiling piperin with alcoholic potash in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Piperidin (pi-per/-id-in) [piper, pepper], C.H.I.N. A substance that occurs attached to piperic acid as piperin in pepper. It is artificially prepared by reducing pyridin. It is an alkaline liquid that dissolves quite easily in water and alcohol. Its odor is like that of pepper. It boils at Ioffº C. Piperin (pi/-per-in) [piperina ; piper, pepper], Cin Hip- NOs. The alkaloid of pepper (Piper migrum and other varieties). It is artificially produced by the action of piperic acid chlorid upon piperidin. It crys- tallizes in prisms and melts at 128°C. Its medical virtues are those of black pepper; it has also febri- fuge properties. Dose gr. j—x. Piperinal (pig-er-in/-al). See Piperonal. Piperitious (pig-er-ish/-us) [piper, pepper]. having a pungent taste, Piperoid (pip/-er-oid) [titept, pepper; elóoç, like]. Any resin resembling the oleo-resin of pepper. Piperonal (pig-er-o'-mal) [piper, pepper], CsPIOs. Aeliotropin, the flavoring principle of heliotrope; a crystalline body, obtained by oxidizing piperic acid. It dissolves with difficulty in water, melts at 37° C. and boils at 263°C. It is largely used in perfumery, and is also antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose gr. xv. Unof. Pipet, Pipette (pip-et/) [Fr., dim. of pipe). A glass tube open at both ends, but usually drawn out to a smaller size at one end. It may be graduated or not and it may or may not have a central expanded bulb. It is used for transferring small portions of a liquid from one vessel to another. Pipmenthol (pip-mem/-thol) [piper, pepper; mem/ha, mint]. A name for the menthol obtained from pep- permint. Pipsissewa (pip-sis/-e-wah). See Chimaphila. Piptonychia (???-to-mik/-e-ah) [Tittetv, to fall; 6vvš, a nail]. Shedding of the nails. Pique (żek) [?ique, a point]. See Sarcopsylla pene- trans under Parasites (Animal), Table of Piqûre (pić-er/) [Fr.]. Puncture. Piriform (pir/-iform). Synonym of Pyriform. Pirogoff's Operation. A method of amputation at the ankle in which the greater part of the calcaneum is retained to give length and surface to the stump. See Operations, Table of Piscatology (Žis-Åat-o/-o-je) [piscis, fish; Āóyog, sci- ence]. The scientific study of fishes. Piscicolous (pis-ić/-o-lus) [piscis, fish ; colere, to in- habit]. In biology, parasitic upon fishes. Pisciculture (pis/-īk-ul-chºir) [piscis, a fish ; cultura, care]. The artificial breeding and culture of fish, es- Peppery; PISCICULUS pecially for the purpose of stocking streams and lit- toral waters with edible varieties of fish. Pisciculus (pis-i}/-u-lus) [L.]. An old name for the biceps muscle of the arm, Piscidia (pis-id/-e-ah) [piscis, fish; cadere, to kill]. Jamaica Dogwood; the bark of P. erythrina. Its active principle is thought to be a glucosid, piscidin. It resembles opium in its physiologic properties, which, however, are much less intense and without unpleasant after-results. It is useful in whooping-cough and neuralgia, but sometimes causes gastric distress. Dose of the (proprietary) fla. ext. 3 SS-j, cautiously in- creased. Liquor sedans. See Viburnum. Unof. Piscidin (pis-id/-in) [piscis, a fish ; cadere, to kill], CogPI, Os. A crystalline body, the active principle of Piscidia erythrina. Its action is chiefly on the spinal cord. It is said to paralyze the sensory ganglia, and to excite the motor ganglia; it also depresses the heart. Pisciform (pis/-īform) [piscis, fish; forma, form]. In biology, resembling a fish in form. - Piscivorous (pis-iv-or-us) [piscis, fish; vorare, to eat]. In biology, living upon fish. Pisiform (pis/-īform) [pisum, a pea; forma, form]. Resembling a pea in shape. P. Bone, a small, near- ly circular bone on the inner and anterior aspect of the carpus. Piso (pi/-so) [L.]. Mortar. Pisohamatus (pi-so-ha-ma/-tus) [tioog, a pea; hama- tus, hooked]. Same as Piso-uncinatus. Piso-uncinatus (pi-so-un-sin-a/-tus) [tíooç, a pea; ancinatus, hooked]. A rare muscle, passing from the pisiform to the unciform bone. Piss (pis) [ME., pissen, to piss]. Urine. Pisse, Chaude (shod pes) [Fr.]. The scalding and painful urination of the acute stage of gonorrhea. Pissocopy (pis-so/-o-pe) [ME., picchen, pitch; kóttetv, to strike]. The process of covering with pitch; also epilation through the action of a pitch-plaster. Pistacia (pis-ta/-she-ah) [tto Tákm, lentisk]. A genus of anacardiaceous trees of warm regions. P. vera, yields the edible pistachio-nut, which is used in phar- macy in the preparation of emulsions. Mastic and Chian turpentine are also produced by trees of this genus. Pistation (£is-ta/-shun) [pistare, to pound]. The act of bruising in a mortar. Pistic (pis/-tić) [Torikóc, a word of doubtful meaning; it may signify “drinkable,” i.e., liquid, or “faithful,” 2.e., genuine]. A qualification applied to the best and purest mard, or true spikemard. Pistil (pisſ-til) [pistillum, a pistle]. In biology, a modified leaf or leaves forming the central organ of a flower, bearing the ovules and seeds. It consists of the seed-containing portion, the ovary; the pollen-re- ceiving portion, the stigma, and generally an interven- ing portion, the style. Pistillary (pis/-til-a-re) [pisſillum, a pistle]. ogy, of or pertaining to the pistil. Pistillate (pisſ-til-āt) [pistillum, a pistle]. In biology, applied to flowers that possess pistils but not stamens. Pistillidium (pis-fil-id/-e-um). See Archegonium. Pistilliferous (pis-til-if”-er-us) [pistillum, a pistle; ferre, to bear]. Same as Pistillate. Pistillody (pis/-til-o-de) [pistillum, pistil; eiðoç, form]. In biology, the metamorphosis of other organs into pistils or carpels. Piston Pulse. See Corrigan's Pulse. Pit [ME., pit, a pit]. I. A hole, depression, or cavity in the body; e.g., the pit of the stomach, the armpit. 2. One of the pores in the more or less liquefied cell- walls of many glands. 3. Parts are said to pit on I. To urinate. 2. In biol- 1105 PITTACIUM pressure where they preserve for a time the indenta- tion made in them by pressing with the finger. Pit- ting on pressure is seen in edema. P. of the Stomach: (1) a name popularly given to that part of the ab- domen just below the sternum and between the car- tilages of the false ribs. It is also termed Scrobic- aulus cordis ; (2) any one of the openings of gastric tubules visible on the mucous surface of the stomach. P., Tear, the lacrymal sinus. Pitch (pich) [ME., picchen, pitch]. I. That quality of sound which depends upon the relative rapidity of the vibrations that produce the sound. In percussion, vari- ations in the pitch of the sounds elicited may have a high diagnostic importance; e.g., in the case of the lungs, a high-pitched note on percussing the chest usually indicates either consolidation of the lung-tissue or the presence of something abnormal between the lung and the chest-wall. 2. [Pix, pitch..] The residue re- maining in the still after nearly all the volatile constit- uents have been driven off in the fractional distillation of coal-tar. It has a specific gravity of from I.O9 (soft pitch) to I. I2 (hard pitch). P., Burgundy, the pre- pared resin of Abies excelsa. When pure, it is a brittle, yellowish-brown, adhesive substance, readily soluble in water, in absolute alcohol, and in glacial acetic acid. It is used in the preparation of pitch-plaster. P., Canada, the prepared resin of Abies canadensis. It is a brittle, reddish, opaque substance, containing traces of a volatile oil. It is used for the manufacture of plasters. P., Jew’s, P., Mineral, asphalt. P.- plaster, emplastrum picis. Pitcher (pich/-er) [ME., picher, a small jug). See Ascidium. P.-plant. See Parracemia, and AWepen- thes. Pith [ME., pith, pith]. The soft cellular tissue found in the center of the stalks of plants. It has a very low specific gravity. Also, the marrow of bones. Pithecanthropi (pith-ek-an/-thro-pe) [Tiffmroç, an ape; ðvápotoc, man; pl. of Pithecanthropus]. In biology, ape-men, the hypothetic prehistoric men, alali. Pithing (pith/-ing) [ME., piſh, pith]. I. The removal of the cerebral lobes of a frog or animal for the pur- pose of physiologic experimentation; decerebration. 2. The slaughter of animals by penetrating the cerebro- spinal axis. Pithode (pith/-äd). See Aaryokinesis. Pitres’ Method. The method of post-mortem exami- nation of the brain by means of vertical transverse sections from before backward. The first or pre- frontal section is carried down two and a quarter inches in front of the fissure of Rolando; the second, or pedunculo-frontal section is made three-quarters of an inch in front of that fissure and divides the second and third convolutions near their insertion into the ascending frontal convolution. The third or frontal section is made at the level of the ascending frontal convolution. The fourth or parieſa/ section passes through the ascending parietal convolution. The fifth or pedunculo-ſarietal section is carried down an inch behind the fissure of Rolando. The sixth or occipita/ Section is made a little less than half an inch in front of the parieto-occipital fissure. A vertical antero-pos- terior incision through the superior vermiform process of the cerebellum opens the fourth ventricle. Pittacal, Pittical (pit’-ak-al, pit/-ić-al) [frirrā, ºriggſ, pitch ; Kažác, beautiful]. One of the aurin series of dyes, first obtained in oxidizing the fractions of beechwood- tar boiling at high temperatures. It consists of the dark blue salts of eupittonic acid. See Pigmen/s, Conspectrºs oſ. Pittacium (pit-a/-she-um) [Tirrà, Tioga, pitch]. Pitch. plaster. - 7o PITTED Pitted (piº'-ed') [ME., pit, a pit]. Marked by inden- tations or pits, as from smallpox. Pitting (pit/-ing) [ME., pit, a pit]. The formation of pits; also the quality of preserving, for a short time, indentations made by pressing with the finger. Pituita (pit-it'-it-ah) [L.]. Phlegm ; mucus. Pituitary (pit-u/-it-a-re) [pituita, phlegm]. Mucus; secreting or containing mucus. P. Body, a small, reddish-gray vascular body, weighing about ten grains, contained within the sella turcica. The pituitary body consists of two portions, the large anterior, oral and the small posterior, cerebral division. The anterior lobe is derived as a diverticulum from the primitive oral cavity, and, as such, is lined with oral ectoderm, while the posterior lobe descends as an outgrowth from the floor of the primary interbrain. The stalk of this outgrowth remains as the infundibulum. The pituitary body has attracted much attention on account of pathologic changes in its structure in certain obscure diseases, such as acromegalia, myxedema, and others. In some cases of the affection first named, it has been much enlarged. It is called also hypophysis cerebri and pituitary gland. P. Diverticulum, a flask-like out- growth of the middle of the upper posterior portion of the buccal cavity of the embryo. It takes part in the formation of the pituitary body. P. Fossa. See Possa. P. Gland. See P. Body and Gland. P. Mem- brane, the Schneiderian membrane. P. Space, in the embryo, the open space at the base of the skull that subsequently becomes the seat of the pitui- tary body. It corresponds to the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. Pituitous (pit-u/-it-us) [pituita, phlegm]. ing or resembling mucus. Pituri (pit-u/-re). Same as Duboisia. Piturin (???/-u-rin). A liquid alkaloid obtained from Du- ôoisia hopwoodii. It is probably identical with nicotin. Pityriasis (pit-ir-i/-as-is) [Tirupov, bran]. A term formerly applied to various pathologically dissociated skin-affections, the most striking clinical feature of which is the presence of fine, branny desºluamation. Also a synonym of Seborrhea. P. cachecticorum. Same as Seborrhea. P. capillitii, P. capitis. See Alopecia furſuracea. P. circinata et marginata, an eruption of rose-colored spots on the trunk, the limbs, and in the axillae. It is of parasitic origin. P. gravidarum ; Chloasma gravidarum ; the dis- coloration of the skin sometimes observed during pregnancy. P. infantilis, a desguamative eruption attacking infants; it is probably eczema. P. macu- 1ata et circinata. See P. rosea. P. nigra, pity- riasis with pigmentation occurring in the aged. Also, a papular eruption terminating in slight desquama- tion, which attacks children brought to England from India. P. nigricans. Synonym of Chromi- arosis. P. pilaris. See Aeratosis pilaris. P. rosea ; A. maculata et circinata ; //e7%es tonsurans maculo- sus, an acute inflammatory skin-disease characterized by macular or circinate lesions, occurring mostly on the trunk. The eruption consists at first of rosy-red spots, which later become brownish. The lesions are round, but owing to their tendency to recover at the center and to extend peripherally, gyrate and irregu- lar figures are formed. Furfuraceous desºluamation is a marked feature. P. rubra ; Dermatilis exfoliaſiva, a chronic inflammatory skin-disease, beginning in one or more localized patches, which coalesce and gradu- ally invade the whole body. The skin may be of a dark or vivid red or bluish-red. There is no infiltra- tion and no moisture, but there may be edema of the lower limbs. The descluamation is very free ; the scales are thin and papery on the general surface, im- Contain- 1106 PIXOL bricated, and from a line to an inch or more in di- ameter. The disease lasts months or years, and gen- erally ends fatally from progressive emaciation and exhaustion, or from some intercurrent affection. P. rubra pilaris ; Zichen ruber acuminatus ; a primar- ily non-inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by follicular papules, with horny centers, tending to become general or even universal in distribution. The papules are hard, dry, brownish-red, and seated at the hair-follicles. An atrophied hair occupies the center, and is surrounded by a sort of horny sheath which penetrates into the follicle. The papules vary in size from a small pin's head to a millet-seed, and are most abundant on the limbs. Deep ſolds are formed at the joints. Pruritus is absent or only slight. The course is slow and irregular; the pathology is un- known. P. simplex. See Alopecia ſunſuracea. P. senilis, pityriasis of the aged. P. tabescentium. See Seborrhaea zeniversalis. P. versicolor. See Timea zersicolor. Pityrisma (pit-ir-iz'-mah). Pityroid (pit/-īr-oid) Furfuraceous, branny. Pivot (piv'-ot) [Fr., pivot, a pivot]. A pin on which a wheel turns. P.-joint. See Cyclarthrosis. P. Tooth, an artificial crown, designed to be applied to the root of a natural tooth, by means of what is usually termed a pivot, but more properly a dowel or tenon. Pivoting (pivſ-of-ing.) [Fr., pivot, a pivot]. The fixa- tion of an artificial crown to a tooth by means of a pivot or pin. Pix (piks) [L. : gen., Picis]. Pitch. The resinous ex- udation of certain coniferous trees. The varieties in common use are chiefly Burgundy Pitch, from the Norway spruce, Abies excelsa, and Canada Pitch, from A. canadensis. Pitch melts at about the temperature of boil- ing water and softens by the heat of the human body. It is soluble in glacial acetic acid and in absolute alco- hol, and is used mainly as the base of plasters. Picis burgundicae, Emplast., Burgundy pitch 8o, olive- oil 5, yellow wax I5. P. canadensis, Emp., con- tains Canada pitch, 9o, yellow wax IO parts. Picis cantharidatum, Emp., Burgundy pitch 92, canthar- ides cerate 8 parts. P. liquida, tar, an empyreumatic oleo-resin obtained by the destructive distillation of various species of pine ; it is blackish-brown in color and possesses a well-known teste and odor. It yields oil of tar, pyroligneous acid, creasote, and car- bolic acid. It is a complex mixture of resins and hydrocarbons. Externally, it is a stimulant to the skin; internally, a gastro-intestinal irritant. It is ser- viceable in scaly diseases of the skin and of benefit in bronchitis. Dose 3.j-ij. P. liq., Infus., unof., made by shaking I part of tar with 4 of water frequently for 24 hours. Dose Oj-ij daily. P. liq., Ol., a vola- tile oil distilled from tar; it consists of various hydro- carbons, phenols, etc, and is used locally, P. liq., Syr., contains 6 per cent. of tar in syrup. Dose 3 ii-3 ss. P. liq., Ung, equal parts of tar and suet. P. Liq., Vin., wine of pitch, unof., tar 3 xvj, glycer- in, white wine, honey aa 3 viij, acetic acid 3.j, boil- ing water Ovj. Carbonis detergens, Liq., unof., an alcoholic solution of coal-tar, a useful antiseptic in putrid sore-throat, etc. Vapor olei pini sylvestris, (B. P.) Inhalation of fir-wood oil, used in sore. throat and chronic laryngitis. Pixol (pićs/-o/) [pir, pitch; oleum, oil]. A disinfect ant prepared by dissolving a pound of green soap in three pounds of tar and slowly adding a solution of a lit- tle over three ounces and a half of either potash or soda in three pounds of water. For use one part of the syrupy liquid thus formed is added to 19 parts of Synonym of Pityrisasis. [Tirupov, bran; eldog, like]. PIZZLE 1107 water, forming a five per cent. solution of pixol, and in this strength it is used for disinfecting linen and wash- ing the hands. For the disinfection of dejecta a ten per cent. Solution is required. Pizzle (piz'-2) [ME.]. The penis, especially of a domestic mammal. Placebo (p/a-se/-bo) [“I will please: ” fut. of placere, to please]. Anything prescribed for the purpose of pleasing or humoring the whim of a patient rather than for its therapeutic effect. Placenta (pla-sen'-tah)[a particular use of placenta, TŽa- Koïc, a cake: pl., Placenta or Placentas]. In biology: (a) the organ of attachment of an embryo or fetus to the wall of the uterus, and by means of which it is nour- ished; (b) the ovule-bearing portion of the ovary of a plant. The mammalian placenta is a spongy mass of tissue derived from the chorion and decidua, its evolu- tion having begun with the differentiation of the ecto- derm of the germinative area by the formation of a thickened region called the area placentalis. It is a flat, circular, spongy body, adherent during gestation to the inner wall of the uterus and connected by the umbilical . cord to the fetus, and forming for it the organ of nutri- zºº, 4/2. 2. ºº, - %%. 6 ºf w ſº a *: -º º % sº-º &zº º tº gº *** { se *$2. 4., Jº Sº ſº º; ºft º w 2. Fº ºf § º 2. C 23; ºf 223 zº HUMAN PLACENTAL VILLI. Blood-vessels black. (From Stirling.) tion and respiration. The placenta is developed about the third month of embryonal life. The chorionic villi in contact with the decidua reflexa cease to grow, while at the decidua serotina the villi become exceed- ingly numerous. The uterine mucous membrane in which the willi are embedded contributes a share to the formation of the placenta. This is known as the maternal, in contradistinction to the chorionic or fetal portion. At term the placenta weighs one pound, is one inch thick at its center, and seven inches in diam- eter. The fetal side is covered by the amnion and penetrated by the umbilical cord. The maternal surface is dark-red, irregular, and covered by the upper layers of cells of the decidua serotina. The placenta is normally situated at the fundus, anteriorly or posteriorly. In the lower animals the placenta is somewhat different. Of the Choriata, those possess- ing a villous chorion, one class, including the horse, the pig, the camel, etc., presents the villi uniformly distributed; there is no special accumulation anywhere. In the other class the villi are aggregated and specialized in a particular region to form the placenta. Three varieties of placentae are generally described: (a) That with numerous cotyledons (cow, deer, etc.); (b) zonal placenta (carnivora); (c) discoid placenta (monkey, man). The zonal and the discoid placentae are deciduate. P., Adherent, abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall after childbirth. P., Allantoic, a placenta in which the chorion ac- PLACENTA quires vessels by growing together with the vascular walls of the allantoic vesicle (Ungulata), as distin. guished from a chorionic placenta, Q. v. P., Annular, a placenta extending around the interior of the uterus in the form of a belt. P., Battledore, one in which the insertion of the cord is at the margin of the pla- centa. P., Bell-shaped, one in which there is a par- tial persistence of the chorionic villi in the upper portion of the chorion. P. biloba, P. bipartita. See Alacen/a dupler. P., Chorionic, a placentain which the chorion has its own vessels (Unguiculata). It is regarded as the most primitive type, as distinguished from an allan/oic Alacenta. P. cirsoides, one in which the umbilical vessels have a cirsoid arrangement. P., Cordiform, a heart-shaped placenta. P., Cotyledonary, P., Coty- ledonous, a placenta the villi of which are collected into groups; this variety is confined to the Pecora. In the giraffe, the placenta is partly diffused and partly coty- ledonous. The Bovide possess a large number of cotyledons (polycotyledonous), while the Cervidae have only a few. P., Deciduate, a placenta in which the fetal villi are so intimately connected with the uterine wall, that at birth a greater or less portion is brought away with the allantois (after-birth). It occurs in all those Eutheria not included among those mentioned as having non-deciduate placentas. P., Diffused, a placenta which extends over the whole of the chorion. It is characteristic of the Perissodactyla, the Suina, the Tragulina, the Zylopoda, the Sirenia, the Cetacea, and the Lemuroidea. P., Discoid, a placenta which is disc-shaped. It occurs in the Kodentia, Insectivora, Chiroptera, and the Zoricata among the AEdentata. The discoid chorionic placenta is regarded as the most primitive type, as distinguished from the zonary placenta of carnivora, the diffuse placenta of the lower primates, and the metadiscoid placenta of man, which have been evolved from it. P., Disseminated, one in which the cotyledons are not distinctly localized to one area, but are scattered. P., Dome-like. Syn- onym of P., Bell-shaped. P., Double. Synonym of A. dupler. P. duplex, Placenza biparſifa ; an anomaly of the placenta, in which it is divided into two portions. P. evanida, the placenta of a blighted ovum in which all structure has been lost from pressure by the surviving ovum, as is seen in some cases of foetus papyraceus. P. fenestrata, one in which the true placental tissue is lacking in one or more places, and the chorion, being free from villi, forms a transparent membrane. P. foetalis, the smooth amniotic surface of the placenta. P., Fundal, one attached at the fundus. P., Horse-shoe, in twin pregnancy, a con- dition in which the two placentae are united by a strip of placental tissue. P., Hydatigenous, a placenta the seat of myxomatous degeneration, as in hydatidiform mole. P., Incarcerated, a placenta retained in the uterus on account of irregular contraction of that organ. P., Lateral, one attached to the lateral wall of the uterus. P. marginata, an anomaly of the pla- centa in which that organ is surrounded by a margin or collar of placental tissue. P., Maternal, the por- tion of the placenta contributed by the part of the mucous membrane of the uterus known as the decidua serotina. At birth the maternal portion is only a thin, grayish layer on the uterine surface of the placenta, and can only be stripped off in small pieces. P. mem- branacea; occasionally there is a failure of the atrophy of a portion of the chorion which normally occurs, and, instead, placental villi are developed over the entire surface of the chorion. Such a placenta is called placenta membranacea, and is thinner than the normal placenta. P., Metadiscoid, P., Secondary Dis- coid, a form of placenta found in the Anthropoidea. PLACENTAL in which the villi are at first diffuse, but ultimately become restricted to the ventral surface. P. multi- loba, a placenta consisting of more than three lobes in an animal in which the organ normally is one-lobed. P., Non-deciduate, the simplest form of placenta, in which the papilla-like elevations of the chorion fit into corresponding depressions in the uterus, and in which the chorion can be withdrawn from the placenta at birth. The Artiodactyla, Zºerissodactyla, Sirenia, Cetacea, Zemuroidea, and some Edentata (Squamata) have a non-deciduate placenta. In some of them the villi are more or less branched and complicated, at times interlocking so closely that the parts of the epithelium of the maternal cotyledons may be carried away at birth. P. obsoleta, in a twin pregnancy the condition in which the two placentae are entirely dis- PLACENTA AND MEMBRANEs (STRIPPED Upward). tinct and separate. P. panduriformis, one shaped like a violin. P., Polycotyledonary, P., Polycoty- ledonous, a placenta such as is seen in ruminants, in which the chorionic villi are collected in a number of large separate tufts, the latter dipping into cor- responding crypts in the uterine mucosa. P. praevia, a term applied to a placenta when it is fixed to that part of the uterine wall that becomes stretched as labor advances, so that it precedes the advance of the presenting part of the fetus. P., Retained, one not expelled by the uterus after labor. P. sanguinis. See Blood-clof. P., Secondary Discoid. See P., Metadiscoid. P. spuria. See Placenta succenturiata. P., Subsidiary, a distinct and separate lobe in addi- tion to the usual placental mass; such lobes are called Placemfac succem/uria/a. P. succenturiata, an acces- sory growth to the placenta. When this does not act as true placental tissue it is termed Placenzºa spuria. P. tripartita, an anomaly of the placenta in which there are three portions of that organ. P., Triple, the united placentae of a triple gestation. P., Twin. Synonym of P. dup/ex. P. uterina, the rough cotyledonous or uterine surface of the placenta derived from the decidua serotina. P., Velamentous, one in which the cord is inserted between the layers of the fetal membranes, presenting a broad surface of attachment in place of the normal round inser- tion. P., Villous. See P., Disseminated. P., Zonary, a placenta which occupies a broad band around the chorion ; it is found in the Carnivora, Hyrax, Elephas, and in the 7ubu/idenſata among the Ademfa/a. Same as P., Annular. - Placental (p/a-sen'-tal)[placenta, TŽakowº, a flat cake]. 1108 PLAGIOCEPHALY Pertaining to the placenta. birth of the placenta. P. Murmur. Same as P. Souffle. P. Souffle, a sound erroneously attributed to the circulation of blood in the placenta. Placentalia (Ala-sen-ta/-le-ah) [placenza, TŽakoic, a cake]. Mammals in which the fetus is nourished through the medium of a placenta. Placentary (pla/-sen-to-re) [placenta, TŽakoic, a flat cake]. Pertaining to the placenta. * Placentate (pla/-sen-fat)[placemta, TŽakoic, a placenta]. Having a placenta. Placentation (pla-sen-ta/-shum) [placenta, TŽakoúc, a placental. In biology: (a) the process of attachment of the embryo or fetus to the uterus; (b) the type of pla- centa or the manner in which it is constructed ; the arrangement of the seeds in the pericarp or the ar- rangement of the placenta itself. Placentiferous (pla-sen-tif’-er-us) [placemta, TŽakoig, placenta; ferre, to bear]. In biology, bearing a pla- Centa. Placentiform (pla - sem/- ºf-orm) [placenta, TŽakoic, placenta; forma, form]. In biology, resembling a placenta; discoid with biconcave surfaces. Placentigerous (pla-sen-tij/-er-us). Same as Placem- tiferous. Placentitis (pla-sen-tº-tis) [placenta, TŽakoúg, a flat cake; ttic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pla- centa. P. decidualis, placentitis secondary to in- flammation of the decidua. - Placentoid (pla-sen/-toid) [placenta, TŽakoúg, a flat cake; elóoç, like]. Resembling a placenta. Placentula (pla-sen/-fu-lah) [dim. of placenta, TŽa- Koig, placental. A small placenta. Placoderm, Placodermal (plak/-o-derm, pla/-o-der/- ma/) [TAóš, a plate; dépua, skin]. In biology, having the skin covered with broad flat plates, as a fish. . Placoid (?lak/-oid) [Tāāš, (TAak-), a tablet; eiðoc, form]. In biology, plate-like; applied to the ecto- skeletal pieces of certain fishes. Placula (pla/-u-lah) [TAáš, a tablet, plate: pl., Plac- zelae]. In biology, a little plate; applied to certain discoid embryos, which consist of a plate of cleavage cells. Placular (plaš/-u-lar) [TAáš, a plate]. like a placula. Placulate (pla/-u-lat) [TAáš, a plate]. form of a placule. Placuntechos (plak-unt-ek/-os) [TWakoúg, a flat cake; #xog, echo]. The uterine souffle. Placuntitis (plak-um-fi/-tis). Synonym of Placentitis. Pladaroma (plad-ar-o'-mah) [TWačápoua, wetness, softness: pſ., Pladaromata]. A soft wart, or tumor of the eyelid. Pladarosis (//ad-ar-o/-sis) [TAadapóg, soft]. Synonym of P/adaromea, Plaga (pla/-gah) [TAmyń, stroke: pl., Plaga). Wound; plague. In biology, a stripe or streak. P. ignis. Anthrax. P. scapularis. Same as Parapsis. Plagiobolia (pla-je-o-bo/-e-ah) [Tāāytoc, oblique; 362- Želv, to throw]. Imperfect or indirect emission of spermatic fluid into the vagina. Plagiocephalia (pla -je -o-sef-a/-le-ah). See Plagio- cephaly. Plagiocephalic (p/a-je-o-seſ-a/-ä) [TAáylog, oblique, twisted; Icepah, head]. Exhibiting or dependent on plagiocephaly. Plagiocephalous (pla -je -o-sef’- al-us). Synonym of Plagiocephaſic. Plagiocephaly (pla-je-o-seſ/-al-e) [TAáylog, sidewise, slanting, oblique; Kepažff, head]. In biology, a mal- formation of the head, produced by the closing of P. Dystocia, difficult Plate-like ; Having the PLAGIODONT 1109 half of the coronal suture, giving an oblique growth to the cranial roof. Plagiodont (pla/-je-o-dont) [Tržáylog, oblique; 66óvg, tooth]. In biology, having the teeth oblique, as in the converging series seen in serpents. Plagiopatagium, of Kolenati (playe-o-pat-a/-je-um) [Théylog, oblique; trarayetov, a border, as of a gown]. In biology, that portion of the wing-membrane of bats included in the endopatagium and mesopatagium. Plagiotropic (pla -je -o- trop’- i.4) [TAáylog, oblique; Tpótrog, a turning]. In biology, exhibiting plagiotro- 1SIIl. Piºtropism (plaje-of/-ro-pizm) [TAéytog, oblique; TpóTog, a twining]. In biology, oblique geotropism; growth at an angle from the vertical axis, either up- ward or downward, Cf. Orthotropism. Plague (plåg) [TAmyń, a stroke]. A pest, or pestilence. A contagious and highly fatal epidemic which occurred in Europe in the 14th century, and also at later periods. The disease had many of the characteristic symptoms of malignant typhus fever, accompanied by buboes, carbuncles, pustules, petechiae, and similar skin-affec- tions. The period of incubation is from two to seven days; the disease appears in a grave or ordinary form, a fulminant form, and a larval or abortive form. P., Black, the plague which decimated the European nations in the 14th century. P., Bubonic, a very fatal, contagious epidemic disease, formerly prevalent in various parts of the world. It is characterized by fever, pain, swelling of the axillary, cervical, or in- guinal lymphatic glands, delirium, coma, and in the ma- jority of cases ends in death. P., Cold, a fatal form of bilious pneumonia. P., Hunger, relapsing fever. P., Indian. Synonym of Pali. P., Levantine, the plague of the eastern part of Europe. P., Lung, pleuro- pneumonia of cattle. P.-sore, a sore resulting from the plague. P.-spot, a spot characteristic of the plague. P., Swine, hog-cholera. P., Syrian. Syno- nym of Aleppo boil. Plagycephalus (playe-sef’-al-us). See Plagicephalus. Planaea (pla-me/-ah) [planus, flat]. In biology, a hy- pothetic, astomatous metazoan, having the form of a ciliated planula; morphologically, a simple diaderm ; a blastata. Planar, Planary (pla/-mar, pla/-mar-e) [planus, flat]. Lying in a plane. - Planarthragra (?/an-ar-thra/-grah) [TXavāv, to cause to wander; &pſpov, joint; āypa, a seizure]. Gout which wanders from one joint to another. Planat’s Tincture. See Picrotoxin. Planate (pla/-nāt) [planus, flat]. flattened. Plane (plån) [planus, flat]. Any flat and smooth sur- face, especially any assumed or conventional surface, whether tangent to the body, or dividing it. P. of Aeby, in craniometry, that passing through the nasion and the basion perpendicular to the median plane. P., Alveo- condylean, in craniometry, a plane passing through the alveolar point and tangent to the condyles. P., Anterior Focal. See under P., Focal. P., Auriculo- infraorbital, in craniometry, that passing through the upper edge of the auricular foramen and the lower edge of the orbit, P. of Baer, in craniometry, that passing through the upper border of the zygomatic arches. P., Barclay's. See P., Palatine. P. of Blumenbach, the surface parallel with the base of a cranium deprived of the lower jaw. P. of Broca. See P., Visual (of Broca). P. of Busk. See P., Horizontal (of Bus?). P., Camper's, in craniometry, the plane passing through the auricular points and the base of the inferior nasal spine. P. of the Chasma, the plane drawn tangent to the punctum spinae nasalis In biology, flat, PLANE posterioris and the punctum foraminis magni anterius. P., Coccygeal. See under P., Parallel (of the pelvis). P. of Daubenton, in craniometry, that passing through the opisthion and the inferior borders of the orbits. P., Double-inclined, two rectangular boards united at an angle at their short sides. It is used in the treatment of fractures of the femur to support the limb and to relax certain muscles. P., Dumontier's. See P., Aorizontal (of Dumontier). P. of Dürer, in craniometry, a plane tangent to the lobules of the ear and the base of the nose. P., Focal, one of the two planes drawn through the principal foci of a dioptric system, perpendicular to the axis, or line joining the two foci. P., Frankfort, in craniometry, the auriculo-infra- orbital plane. P., Glabello-lambdoidean (of Hamy), in craniometry, the plane of the glabella and the lambda, perpendicular to the median plane. P., Glabello- occipital, in craniometry, the vertical plane passing through the line joining the glabella and the occiput. P. of Hamy. See P., Glabel/o-lambdoidean. P., Holder's. See P., Horizontal (of Holder). P., Hori- zontal (of Busk), in craniometry, that which, passing through the auricular points, is vertical to a plane drawn through those points and the bregma. P., Horizontal (of Zumontier), in craniometry, a plane tangent to the superior borders of the zygomatic arches. P., Horizontal (of Holder), in craniometry, the auriculo- infraorbital plane. P., Horizontal (of Zuca), in biology, that passing through the axis of the zygomatic arches. P., Horizontal (of Van Shering), a plane tangent to the lower rim of the orbit and passing through the auricular points. P., Inclined, a plane forming an angle with the plane of the horizon; one of the mechanical powers. P., Inclined (of the pelvis); the ischiatic spines divide the pelvic cavity into two unequal sections. In the larger anterior section the walls slope toward the symphysis and pubic arch, and are known as the anterior inclined planes. Behind the spines, the lateral slopes are known as the posterior 2nclined planes. They slope in the direction of the Sacrum and coccyx. P. of the Ischium, the lateral wall of the true pelvis. P. of Lucae. See P., Aſori. zontal (of Zuca). P. of Mastication, that tangent to the masticating surface of the teeth of the upper jaw. P., Meckel’s, in craniometry, that passing through the auricular and alveolar points. P., Medial, P., Median, P., Mesial, a plane, generally antero-posterior, dividing a body into two symmetric halves. The median plane of the animal body is termed the meson. P., Merkel’s, in craniometry, that pass- ing through the auricular points and the lower borders of the orbits. P. of Morton, in craniometry, that passing through the most prominent points of the occipital and parietal protuberances. P., Munich. See P., Auriculo-infraorbital. P., Naso – iniac, in craniometry, a plane passing through the nasion and the inion. P., Naso-opisthiac, a plane passing through the nasion and the opisthion P., Nuchal, the surface of the occiput between the foramen mag- num and the Superior curved line. P., Orbital, the orbital portion of the upper maxilla, or the maxillary portion of the orbit. The visual plane of Broca, P., Occipital, the surface of the occiput above the superior curved line. P., Palatine (of Barclay), in craniom- etry, the plane tangent to the arch of the palate along the middle line. P., Parallel (of the pe/vis), any plane intersecting the pelvic axis at a right angle, hence really not parallel. There are four parallel planes : one cor- responds to the Superior strait; the second extends from the middle of the sacrum to the level of the sub-pubic ligament; the third passes through the spines of the ischia; the fourth is the inferior strait. PLANESIS Ps. of the Pelvis, four planes are generally described: the plane of the inlet, that of the outlet, the plane of pelvic expansion, and that of pelvic contraction. The plane of the inlet, or brim, is bordered by the linea terminalis, and has an elliptic contour, with a depres- sion posteriorly, produced by the projection of the sacral promontory. Its diameters are—the antero-posterior, or conjugate, from the upper edge of the promontory of the sacrum to a point an eighth of an inch below the upper border of the symphysis, measuring II cm. ; the transverse, the longest possible transverse distance, measuring I3% cm. ; and the oblique, from the upper edge of one sacro-iliac junction to the opposite ilio- pectineal eminence, measuring 1234 cm. The plane of the outlet is bounded by the sub-pubic ligament, the pubic rami, the rami and tuberosities of the ischia, the sciatic ligaments, and the coccyx. Its diameters are—the antero-posterior, measuring 9% cm (during labor II cm.), and the transverse, measuring II cm. The plane of pelvic expansion perforates the middle of the symphysis, the tops of the acetabula, and the sac- rum between the second and third vertebrae. Its dia- meters are—the antero-posterior, measuring I2% cm., and the transverse, measuring I2% cm. The plane of Ae/vic contraction passes through the tip of the sac- rum, the spines of the ischia, and the under surface of the symphysis. Its diameters are—the antero-posterior, measuring I I W4 cm., and the transverse, measuring IO)4 cm. See Pe/vis, P. of Refraction, a plane passing through a refracted ray of light and drawn perpendicular to the surface of the refracting medium. P. of Regard, a plane cutting the center of rotation of the eye and the point of fixation P. of Rolle, in craniometry, that passing through the auricular and the alveolar points. P., Sagittal, any antero-posterior (cephalo-caudal) plane parallel with the meson or me- dian plane. P., Single-inclined, a board arranged as an inclined plane, with the distal end elevated; it is used in the treatment of fractures of the lower limb. P.-symmetric, in chemistry, a term intro- duced by Wislicenus to indicate that class of unsatu- rated stereo-isomers in which similar substituting radicles lie on the same side of a plane passing through the points of junction of the linked carbon atoms. The contrasting condition is centra/ (or axia/) symmetric in which similar radicles are symmetric to an axis passing through the linked atoms. Maleic and fumaric acids are respectively plane-sym- metric, and central-symmetric stereo-isomers. P., Van Shering's. See P., Horizonta/ (of Pam Shering). P., Visual, the plane passing through the visual axis. P., Visual (of Broca), the orbital plane. Planesis (plan-e/-sis) [T.ſivmatc., wandering]. Wander- ing; mental aberration ; metastasis. Planicaudate (plan-ik-aw/-dāt) [planus, flat; cauda, tail]. In biology, having a flattened tail. Planicipital (//an-is-i/-it-a!) [planus, flat; head]. In biology, having a flat head. Planidorsate (p/an-id-or’-såſ) [//amus, flat; dorsum, back]. In biology, having a flat back. Planiform (plan/-iſ-orm) [planus, flat; forma, form]. In anatomy, presenting a flat surface. Planipennate (plan-iſ-em/-ät) [//amus, flat; penna, wing]. In biology, having flat wings. Planipetalous (//an-iſ-et/-a/-us) [//amus, flat; Tºra- Žov, petal]. In biology, having flat petals. Planirostral (//an-e-ros/-/ra/) [//anus, flat; rostrum, beak]. In biology, having a flattened beak. Planispiral (//an-is-/7/-ra/) [planus, flat; spira, a coil]. In biology, coiled in one plane. Planities (plan/-it-ez) [A/anus, flat]. the sole of the foot. f captat, Plane; also, 1110 PLANK TON Planktology (plank-to/-0-ſe) [plankton, the drifting life of the sea, from TAayºtóg, wandering, roaming; Aóyog, science]. In biology, the department of sci- ence which treats of the constituents, character, dis. tribution, evolution and relations of the plankton or drifting organisms of the ocean. Plankton (plank/-ton)[TWayytóg, wandering, roaming]. In biology, the term proposed by Hensen and adopted by Haeckel to designate all plants and animals found at the surface of the ocean and which are carried about involuntarily in the water (ploteric). It corresponds to the German terms Auſtrieſ and “pelagischer A/u/. der” introduced by Johannes Müller; and is employed in contradistinction to benthos (Bévôoç, the bottom of the ocean; hence the organisms living there) and nekton (the actively swimming surface organisms). Plankton may be separated into Limnoplankton, the swimming and floating population of fresh water, and Haliplankton or that of salt water; or again into Oceanic Plankton or that of the open ocean, and Neritic Plankton, or that of the coast regions. Haeckel also distinguishes: (a) Pelagic Plankton, those actively swimming or passively floating animals or plants which are taken at the surface of the sea; no matter whether they are found alone or at a variable depth below the surface, they constitute the super- ficial and interzonary organisms of Chun. (b) Zonary Plankton, those organisms which occur only at definite depths of the ocean, and are only occasion- ally found above and below this, e.g., many Phaeo- daria and Crustacea and Siphomophora. (c) Bathy- bic Plankton, animals of the deep sea, which only hover upon the bottom but never touch it, whether they stand in definite relation to the abyssal benthos or not, e.g., Tomapteris euchatta, Megalocereus abyssorum. (d) Autopelagic Plankton, the constant superficial fauna and flora of the sea, e.g., Eucopidae, Forska- ſidae, Eucharis, sp., Bolina, sp., Sagitta punctata, Pontellina, sp., etc. (e) Bathypelagic Plankton, all those organisms which occur not merely at the sur- fate, but extend down into the depths; these are called by Chun interzonary pelagic animals. Here belongs properly the chief mass of the plankton. These last organisms may be distinguished as: (1) AWyctipelagic, those which rise to the surface only at night, living in the depths during the day; very many Medusae, Sºphomophora, Pyrosoma, most Ptero- poda and Heteropoda, very many Crustacea, etc. (2) Chimopelagic, those which appear at the surface only in winter, and in summer are hidden in the depths; Acadio/aria, Medusae, Sºphomophora, Ctenophora, a part of the Pteropoda, and Heteropoda, many Crusta- cea, etc. (3) Allopelagic, those which perform irregu- lar vertical wanderings, sometimes appearing at the surface, sometimes in the depths, independently of changes of temperature. ( º Spanipelagic Plank- ton, those animals which always live in the ocean- depths (zonary or bathybic) and come to the surface only exceptionally and rarely. Holoplanktonic or- ganisms, those that pass their whole life and whole cycle of development hovering in the ocean, with no relation whatever to the benthos; here belong the greater part of the diatoms, and oscillaria, all Murraycites and Peridinea, all Acadio/aria, many Globigerina, the hypogenetic Medusae, all Sºphomo- £hora and Ctenophora, all Chaºtognatha, Pteropoda, the Copelata, Pyrosoma, and Thalidia, etc. Mero- planktonic organisms, on the contrary, are found in the sea only for a part of their life, passing the other part vagrant or sessile in the benthos, e. g., a part of the diatoms and oscillaria, the planktonic fucoids, the metagenetic medusae, some turbellarians and annelids, PLANK TONIC the “pelagic larvae’’ of hydroids and corals, many helminthes, echinoderms, acephala, gasteropods, etc. Plankton may be Monotonic (simple tow-stuff), showing a homogeneous composition, or it may be Polymixic (mixed tow-stuff), composed of organisms of different species and classes in such a way that no one form or group of forms composes more than one- half of the whole volume. Planktonic (plank-on/-ić) [plankton, the drifting life of the sea). In biology, pertaining to plankton. Planoblast (plan/-o-blast) [TAávoc, wandering; 8%ao- Tóg, germ]. In biology, the free swimming medusoid bud, or gonophore of a gymnoblastic hydrozoan, as dis- tinguished from the sedentary bud or hearioblast, Q. v. Planoblastic (glam-o-blas/-tié) [TAávoc, wandering; {3%aotóg, germ]. In biology, pertaining to a plano- blast. Plano-cellular (plan-o-se/-u-lar) [planus, flat; cellula, cell]. Flat-celled. Plano-concave, Plano-convex (pla/- no - Aon - Adv/, pla/-no-kon-veós/). See Lens. Planodia (plan-o’-de-ah) [Tââvm, a wandering; 666, a way]. Any false or artificial passage made by an instrument. Planogamete (plan/-o-ga-met) [Thévm, a wandering ; yapleiv, to marry]. In biology, a ciliated form of gamete, or protoplasmic conjugating body; a zoö- gamete. Cf. Gameſe. Planogastrula (£/an-o-gas/-fru-la/l) [flamula (TWävoç, wandering); gastrzela, a two-layered, saccular germ (yagrhp, belly)]. The name applied by Haeckel in his gastraea theory to that stage in the evolution of the gastrula from the planula, characterized by the hol- lowing out of the endoderm of the latter. Planomania (plan-o-ma/-me-a/.) [Thévog, wandering ; pavía, madness]. A morbid and insane desire for wandering. Plant [planta, a plant]. Any member of the vegetable kingdom. P., Aerial, P., Air, a plant which derives its nourishment from the air. P., Carnivorous. Synonym of P., Insectivorous. P., Flowering. See Phanerogam. P., Flowerless. See Phanerogam. P., Insectivorous, a plant which entraps and digests insects: e.g., Drosera rotundifolia. P., Pitcher. See Pitcher-plant. P., Sensitive, Mimosa pudica, and other species, the leaves of which contract when they are touched. Planta (?/an/-tah) [L.]. I. A plant. 2. The sole of the foot. P. pedis, the sole of the foot. Plantago (plan-ta/-go) [L., gen, plantaginis]. The leaves of P. major and P. lanceolata, or common ribbed grass, or plantain. The bruised fresh leaves are a popular remedy for hemorrhage, painful abra- sions of the skin, burns, erysipelas, etc. Dose muv-xv. Unof. Plantain (plan'-tan) [ME., planteyne, plantain]. I. Same as Plantago. 2. The tropical plant Musa paradisiaca, and its fruit; they are of great economic importance in the tropic regions as a food for mankind. Plantar (plan'-tar) [plantaris ; planta, sole of the foot]. Pertaining to the sole of the foot. P. Aponeurosis. Synonym of P. Fascia. P. Arch, a name given to one of the parts into which the external plantar artery is divided. P. Arteries. See Arteries, Table of P. Fascia, the dense, triangular- shaped aponeurosis occupying the middle and sides of the sole of the foot beneath the integument. P. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of P. Nerve. See Merves, Table of P. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. P. Tubercle, the tubercle of the first metatarsal bone, and to which the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle is attached. 1111 PLASMA Plantaria (Alam-ta/-re-ah). Synonym of Dengue. Plantaris (plan-ta/-ris) [planta, sole of the foot]. See Alantar. P. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Plantigrade (plan/-täg-rād) [planta, sole; gradi, to walk]. Bringing the entire length of the sole of the foot to the ground in walking, as is seen in the bear and in certain birds which apply the back of the tarsus as well as the toes to the ground in walking. Plantivorous (plan-tiv/-o-rus) [planta, plant; vorare, to devour]. In biology, living on plants, e.g., cater- pillars. Plantosseous (plan-tosſ-e-us) [planta, sole; osseosus, bony]. Both plantar and interosseous. Plantosseus (plan-tosſ-e-us) [planta, sole; osseosus, bony]. Any plantar interosseous muscle. Plantula (plan/-au-/a/.) [planta, the sole of the foot : A/., Plantulae]. In biology, the appendage, generally cushion-like, between the claws of certain insects; it corresponds to the structure in other forms called onychium and puſvi//us. Plantular (plan/-ºu-lar) [plantula, a little plant]. Pertaining to a plantula. Planula (*. -u-la/.) [TWävog, wandering ; pl., Plan- ulae]. In biology, the globular or oval, free-swim- ming, two-layered, solid larva of certain of the Porif. era and Cae/enterata. It is destitute of a mouth or blastopore, and succeeds the blastula in those meta- zoans in which gastrulation takes place by immigration and delamination, instead of by invagination. The planula is succeeded by the Planogastrula and this in turn by the gastrula stage proper, with its blastopore. Salensky describes a three-layered planula in the A’otatoria and other forms. The term planula was first applied by Dalzell to the motile larvae of certain hydrozoans (“zoöphytes "), but it has come to have a broader application. Planula may be regarded as the ancestral form of the Cnidaria. It appears to corres- pond to the parenchymula of Metschnikoff. Planulan (plan/-u-lan) [Tââvoç, wandering]. A plan- ula. & Planular (plan/-u-lar) [Tâávog, wandering]. ing to a planula. Planuliform (plan/-u-liform) [T2ávoc, wandering; forma, form]. In biology, resembling a planula. Planuloid (plan/-u-loid) [TAdvoc, wandering; elóog, like]. Resembling a planula. Planum (plan/-um) [L.]. A plane or surface. Pertain- Planuria (pla - mu/- re-ah) [TAávog, astray; oipov, urine]. The discharge of urine through passages other than the normal duct. Plaque (plak) [Fr.]. A plate, patch or spot. P., Blood. See Blood-plaque. P., Mucous, P. mu- queuse [Fr.]. Mucous patch; condyloma latum. Plaques, Pterygoidean. See Pterygoidean. Ps., Sclérose en. See Sclerose en plaques. Plasm (plazm) [TAágua, a figure molded from clay or wax]. In biology, same as Plasma. P., Germ, a distinct form of protoplasm acting as the vehicle of inheritance. Plasma (plaz’-mah). [TAáoua, a thing molded]. I. The original undifferentiated substance of nascent living matter. The primordial protoplasm or “physi- cal basis of life.” 2. The fluid part of the blood and the lymph ; the blood and lymph exclusive of the corpuscles. See Blood-plasma and Ziguor song win is. P.-cells of Waldeyer, the highly vacuolated connec. tive-tissue cells, irregular, extended or spindle-shaped. They probably bear a somewhat constant relation to young tissues in which the formation of new blood- vessels is still progressing. P.-fibrin, Landois' term for fibrin formed in the usual way, as distinguished from stroma-fibrim, or that formed directly from stroma. PLASMASOME P.-globulin. Same as Paraglobulin, g. v. P., His- togenetic, P., Lymph, the fluid part of the lymph. P. of Invertebrates, that perivascular or intercellular fluid of invertebrates which corresponds to the blood of vertebrates. It is both respiratory and nutritive in function, clots like vertebrate blood, contains fibrinogen and a substance corresponding to hemoglobin, and is called by Fredericq hemocyanin; it is also in some in- stances a reddish lipochrome pigment tetromerythrin. P., Muscle, the fluid obtained from muscle by pressure at a low temperature, I* C. It is spontaneously coag- ulable, forming myosin. P., Nutritive, the portion of the cell devoted to nutritive functions. P. san- guinis, blood-plasma. P., Somatic. Synonym of A., Histogenetic. Plasmasome (plaz/-mas-àm) [TAágua, a molded figure; oôpia, body]. In biology, a protoplasmic corpuscle. Plasmatic (plaz-mat/-ić ) [Théopia, a molded figure]. Same as Plasmic. P. Stain. See Plasmic Stain, Plasmatoparous (plas - mat - op/- ar- us) [plasma, a molded figure; parere, to bring forth]. In biology, a term applied to certain species of fungi (e.g., Pero- nospora densa, Rab., and P. pygmaea, Ung.), in which the whole protoplasm escapes from the spore in a mass through the opening of a papilla-like point in the wall, and at once becoming globular, Secretes a cellu- lose membrane and subsequently germinates by the emission of a short, thick germ-tube. (Bennett and Murray.) Plasment (plaz/-ment) [TAáopia, something molded]. A proprietary emollient and lubricant application made from Iceland moss. Plasmic (p/a2/-mié) [TAáopia, a molded figure]. In biology, of or pertaining to protoplasm ; formative, protoplasmic. P. Stain, a pigment which colors the tissue uniformly throughout, employed in microscopy as a ground or counter-stain, following and in contrast with a nuclear stain. Thus, after blue or green nu- clear or specific stains, use benzo-purpurin (brownish red), eosin (yellowish-red), erythrosin (pink), orange, or acid fuchsin (orange); after red use picric acid (yellow). See Stains, Table of, also, Stain, AVuclear S/ain, Specific Stain. Plasmin (//a2/-min) [TAáopia, a molded figure]. Denis mixed uncoagulated blood with a saturated solution of sodic sulphate, and allowed the corpuscles to subside. The salted plasma thus obtained he pre- cipitated with sodic chlorid. The precipitate, when washed with a saturated solution of sodic chlorid, he called //asmin. Mixed with water, it coagulates spontaneously, resulting in the formation of fibrin, another proteid remaining in solution. According to Denis' view, fibrin is produced by the splitting up of plasmin into two bodies—fibrin and a soluble proteid. (Landois and Stirling.) Plasmochyma (//a2-mo/-im-ah) [TAdopla, plasma; xijua, juice]. The portions in the cytochylema rich in proteids; paraplasm; heteroplasm ; the fluid sub- stance of a cell. Plasmode (p/a2/-möd). Same as Plasmodium. Plasmodiblast (plaz-mo/-diº-last). See Trophoblast. Plasmodieresis (plaz-mo-di-er’-es-is) [TAáqua, plasma; Özalpeiv, to divide in two parts]. The division of the cell-body, in contradistinction to the division of the cell-nucleus. Plasmodiocarp (plas-mo/-de-o-karſ) [TAéopia, a molded figure; eiðog, form ; captóg, a fruit]. In biology, ap- plied to the fructification of fungi when of irregular shape. Plasmodiocarpous (//a2-mo-de-o-kar/-fus) [TAéopia, a molded figure; eiðoç, form ; Kapiróg, a fruit]. Re- sembling a plasmodiocarp. & 1112 PLASMOGONY Plasmodium (plaz-mo/-de-um) [TAáopia, a molded fig- ure; elóoç, form: pl., Plasmodia]. In biology: (a) the naked, motile mass of protoplasm formed by the organic fusion of two or more amebiform bodies, as in the mes- odermic cells of young Spongillae, Aipinnaria, many Annelida and by phagocytes in general; (b) the col- ossal ameboid organism or vegetative body (also called plasmode) formed by the coalescence of peculiar swarm-spores in the Myxomycetes (e.g., Fuligo var- ians, or, as it is more commonly called, Æthalium septicum or “flowers of tan’’), or by the mere aggre- gation of such swarm-spores in the Acrasiede. P. malariae. Synonyms, AZamatophyllum malaria, Aſematozoön of Malaria, Laveran’s Bodies, Laveran’s Organisms; a parasite found in the blood of persons suffering from malaria. Many different forms have been observed, which by some are held to be stages in the life-history of the same organism, by others to be different species. As to the nature of the parasite it is generally admitted that it is a Protozoán. See A olimitus malariae, Danilewsky, under Parasites (Animal), Zable of . The development and multi- plication of the organism take place within the red corpuscles. Typical intermittent fever is associated with large forms of the parasite, which differ some- what according as the fever is a tertian or quartan in- termittent. In the former case the developmental cycle of the organism occupies two days, in the latter three. In both forms the small intracorpuscular ameboid body enlarges and gradually fills the entire cell, becoming pigmented at the same time. The pig- ment-granules are formed from the hemoglobin of the blood corpuscle. When the plasmodia have acquired a certain size, the pigment-granules begin to aggregate at the center of the body. At this time, in the quartan form, the organism becomes radially striate, or roset- shaped. The further step consists in the breaking up of the organisms into a number of small spheric bodies, the young plasmodia. The blood-corpuscle is de- stroyed, and the small free elements enter other red cells. In the tertian form the cycle is similar, but more rapid and active; the blood-corpuscle becomes decolorized much sooner; the pigment-granules are smaller, and the parasite forms from I5 to 20 new cells, while in the quartan only from 6 to I2 are produced. In quotidian intermittent, the organisms are small, possess very active ameboid movements (that can be observed within the red corpuscles), and become pig- mented just before each paroxysm. Then they divide into spores. Peculiar crescentic bodies, endoglobular and ectoglobular, have also been described. They occur in acute forms, but are most constant in malarial cachexia. The significance of certain flagellate bod- ies has not been fully determined. The Italian writers generally believe that the various forms are distinct species, while Laveran and others look upon them as developmental variations of the sporozoön. As to the relation of the parasite to malaria, the evi- dence of its being an etiologic one is very strong. The constant presence of the organisms, the fact of their causing rapid destruction of the red corpuscles, their disappearance coincidently with the symptoms on the administration of quinin, and the successful inoculation of the disease from man to man, are points strongly in favor of their etiologic relation to the disease. The organism has not yet been cultivated artificially outside of the body. P., Small, a variety or species present in remittent and pernicious forms of malaria. Plasmogen (plaz/-mo-jen). [Théopa, a molded figure; yevåg, producing]. In biology, germ-plasm, true pro- toplasm, bioplasm, anabolic perfection in plasma, Plasmogony (plaz-mog’-o-me) [Théopa, a molded PLASMOKINESIS figure; yovela, generation]. In biology, the genera- tion of an organism from plasma. Plasmokinesis (plaz-mo-kin-e'-sis) [Théopia, plasma ; kivmotº, motion]. Indirect protoplasmic cell-division. Plasmology (plaz-mo/-0-ſe) [trääopla, a molded figure ; Wóyog, science]. In biology, the study of cells and cell-stuff, or plasma; histology. Plasmolysis (plaz-mo/-is-is) [Tââoga, plasm; Aſſetv, to loose]. In biology: (a) the separation of cell- protoplasm from the inclosing cell-wall; (b) the con- traction of living protoplasm under the influence of reagents. Plasmolytic (plaz-mo-lit'-ié) [TAáopia, plasm ; %atc., a loosing]. In biology, exhibiting or characterized by plasmolysis. P. Agent, any substance that causes contraction of protoplasm. Plasmoma (plaz-mo/-maſ.) [Théopia, plasm ; bud, tu- mor; pl., Plasmomaſa]. A fibro-plastic tumor. Plasmon (plaz'-mon) [TAáoua, a thing molded]. An albuminous food-product, introduced by Siebold, of high nutritive property and easily absorbed. Plasmoschisis (plaz - mos/- Áis - is ) [Tââopia, plasma; axiouſ, cleavage]. A name given by Löwit to the separation of protoplasmic particles from the bodies of leukocytes, first observed by him in the blood of crabs kept at a low temperature. Plasmosoma (plaz-mo-so'-mah) [TAáopia, plasm ; of jua, body; pl., Plasmosomata J. A karyosoma, especially one which is safranophilous. Plasodermatosis (plaz-o-der-mat-of-sis) [Tržáooetv, to form ; 6épua, skin; v6oog, diseases]. A skin-affection characterized by the formation of new tissue. Plasodermitis (plaz-o-der-mi'-tis) [Théopia, plasma; Öéppua, skin ; trug, inflammation]. A neoplasm of the skin, of inflammatory origin. Plasome (pla/-sóm) [Théoga, a molded figure; adjua, body, matter]. In biology, one of the hypothetic, minute vital particles of Wiesner and Brücke, resem- bling, as regards their properties, the pangenes of De Vries and the biophors of Weismann. Plasson (plas’-son) [TAéggetv, to form or mold]. In biology, primitive or undifferentiated protoplasm; the cell in the cytode stage. Plastauxia (plas-fawks'-e-a/.) [Théogetv, to mold; atºm, increase]. An increase of plasticity. Plaster (Alas/-ter) [šuthaarpov, emplastrum, plaster]. An adhesive, solid or semi-solid medicinal substance spread upon cloth or other flexible substance, for ap- plication to the external part of the body. According to the principal ingredient, it is called Emplastrum Aconiti, Ammoniaci, Arnicae, Belladonnae, Capsici, Hydrargyri, Picis cum cantharidae, Resinae, Saponis, etc. P., Adhesive, resin-plaster. The adhesive plaster used by surgeons must be warmed before being applied; it will also stick after having been dipped in ether. P., Antiseptic, a plaster consisting of the ordinary adhesive plaster dipped in a hot solution of carbolic acid (I to 60). P., Black, lead plaster. P.- cast, a model of an object produced by pouring plaster-of-Paris mixed with water into a mold of that object. P., Court, a plaster prepared by dissolving 30 grams of isinglass in enough water to make 360 grams, and spreading the mixture thinly upon silk in two portions, one the watery solution, the other mixed with I2O grams of alcohol and three of glycerin. The reverse side of the silk is painted with tincture of benzoin. It adheres firmly to the skin when moistened. P., Diachylon. Synonym of P., Zead. See Plum- Özem. P., English. Synonym of P., Court. P., Is- inglass, a substitute for adhesive plaster, used in superficial wounds. P. Jacket, a bandage surround- ing the trunk, and made of plaster-of-Paris. It is 1113 PLASTID used in caries of the vertebrae. P., Lead. See Alumbum. P., Logan's, a plaster containing litharge, lead carbonate, Castile soap, butter, olive-oil, and mastic. P.-machine, an apparatus used by pharma- cists for spreading plasters. P., Mahy's, one contain- ing lead carbonate, olive-oil, yellow wax, lead-plaster, and Florentine orris. P., Mercurial. See Aydrar- gyrum. P., Miraculous, one containing red oxid of lead, olive-oil, alum, and camphor. P.-mull, a plaster made by incorporating with mull or thin muslin a mixture of gutta-percha and some medicament dissolved in benzin. P., Mustard, one made by spreading upon muslin powdered mustard, or a mixture of mustard with flour or other powder, reduced to the consistency of paste by the addition of water. P.-of-Paris, gypsum, or calcium sulphate, used for making stiff or immovable bandages or dressings, or for the prepara- tion of casts. P., Pitch, a plaster containing Burgundy pitch, frankincense, resin, yellow wax, oil of nutmeg, and olive-oil. See Pix. P., Rademacher’s, a plas- ter composed of red lead, olive-oil, amber, camphor, and alum. P., Resin, a plaster composed of resin, lead-plaster, and yellow wax or hard soap. See P., Adhesize, and A’esina. P., Rubber, a plaster in which the adhesive material is spread on thin muslin, and which sticks without being previously warmed. P., Soap, soap and lead-plaster, with or without resin. P., Spice, a plaster composed of yellow wax, suet, turpentine, oil of nutmeg, olibanum, benzoin, oil of peppermint, and oil of cloves. P., Sticking, emplas- trum resinae. See /ēesina. P., Stomach. See A., Spice. P., Strengthening, emplastrum ferri. P., Surgeons', adhesive plaster. P., Thapsia, one containing yellow wax, Burgundy pitch, resin, terebinthina cocta, Venice turpentine, glycerin, and thapsia resin. P., Vesicating. Same as Cantharides Plaster. P., Vigo, one containing lead-plaster, yellow wax, resin, olibanum, ammoniac, bdellium, myrrh, Saffron, mercury, turpentine, liquid storax, and oil of lavender. P., Warm, P., Warm- ing, emplastrum picis cum cantharide. Plastering (plas'-ter-ing.) [EpitãaoTpov, a plaster]. A method of improving wines largely practised in Southern Europe. It consists in adding plaster-of- Paris (burnt gypsum) either to the unpressed grapes or to the must. The plaster takes up water, and so in- creases the alcoholic strength of the fermenting must. The wine is given better keeping-qualities, as well as deeper color. However, soluble acid sulphate of potassium is left dissolved in the wine, and has an in- jurious effect upon the consumers of the wine. Plastic (plas/-tik) [TAdogetv, to mold]. Capable of being formed or molded ; plasmic ; formative ; easily modified; applied to morbid processes attended with fibrinous exudate. P. Bronchitis, pseudo-membranous bronchitis. P. Linitis, a name given to cirrhosis of the stomach. P. Lymph, the inflammatory exudate that covers wounds or inflamed serous surfaces, and which becomes organized by the development in it of blood-vessels. P. Operation, the restoration of lost parts by the transfer of tissue from an adjacent part or by transplantation. P. Surgery, the art of performing plastic operations; the surgical replacement of lost parts. Plasticity (plas-fis/-īt-e) [TAáooetv, to mold]. Plastic force. The quality of being plastic. Plasticule (plas/-tić - ſil) [Tââogen, to mold]. A molecule of plastic material not yet fully organized. Plastid (plas/-fid) [TAao Tóg, verbal adj. of Tââogetv, to mold or form]. In biology: (a) any unicellu- lar elementary organism, cell, or cytode; a cell ; a mass of protoplasm or of plastic material ; (b) one of a class of protoplasmic granules in the protoplasm of certain plant-cells; they are referred to three PLASTIDIUM 1114 types the Synonymy of which is given by Goodale as follows:– OLDER NO- * VAN Mºtºs. | SCHIMPER. | MEYER. Til...ex. General Plastid. Troph o - | Leucite. Term. plast. Colorless pro- Leukoplas- Anaplast. Leucite to plasmic tid. proper. granule. Special Chlorophyl - Chloroplas- || Autoplast. Chloro- Term. granule. tid. leucite. Color-granule. Ch rom o- | Chromo- Chromo- plastid. plast. leucite. P., Connective-tissue, the connective-tissue cor- puscles. Plastidium (plas-tid’’-e-um) [dim, of T2aotág, formed : //., Plastidia]. The cell, or plastid, considered with reference to its evolutionary or developmental possi- bilities. See P/asſia. Plastidular (plas-tid/-u-lar) [TAaoróg, formed]. Per- taining to plastidules. Plastidule (plas/-tid-àl) [TAaoróg, verbal adj. of Tââo- oeuv, mold, form]. In biology: (a) a protoplasm-mole- cule; (b) a term proposed by Elsberg as a substitute for gemmule as used by Darwin. See Aeredity, Gemi- mule, Aiophor, Pangeme, Plasome. P. of Elsberg, the ultimate physical units of living matter. See Heredity. Plastilytic (plas-fil-iº/-ić) [TAaatög, molded; Wiety, to dissolve]. Diminishing plasticity, or tending to soften plastic materials. Plastin (plas/-/in) [TAao Tóg, verbal adj. of Tââogetv, to form, mold]. In biology, one of the nucleins or special nitrogenous proteids more insoluble in alkalies and poorer in phosphorus than others; called cytoplasm by Schwartz. Cf. nuclein, histon, adenin. Plastocolysis (plas-to-ko/-is-is) [TAao Tóg, molded; kóżvotç, hindrance]. Arrest of development. Plastodynamia (plas - to - di - nam/- e -a/.) [TAaoróg, molded ; 6üvaug, power]. Nutritive plastic power. Plastodynamic (plas-to-di-nam/-ä) [TWaotóg, molded; ðūvaug, force]. Pertaining to nutritive power. Plastoprolepsis (plas-to-pro-lep/-sis) [TAao Tóg, molded; Tp6%mpug, anticipating]. Premature development of an organ or part. Plastral (plas/-tral) [plastron, a breast-plate]. In biology, of or pertaining to the plastron, 7. v. Plastron (//asſ-trom) [Fr., “breast plate ’j. The sternum and costal cartilages, with the attached parts, such as are removed when a post-mortem examina- tion is made of the condition of the thorax. In biology: (a) the ventral portion of the exo-skeleton of a tortoise or turtle; (b) one of the similar ventral, exo- skeletal plates of certain amphibia; (c) the ventral shield of the fossil armadillo; (d) a colored area on the ventral surface of a bird. Plastrum (plas/-trum) [an accom. form of Alastron, a breastplate: //., Pſastra]. Same as Plastron. Plate (plåt) | ME., pla/e, a plate]. The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone constituting the floor of the olfactory fossa and perforated for the passage of the olfactory nerves. P., Abdominal. See A'., /a/e/a/ /l/esob/asſic. P., Ambulacral, one of the coronal plates of a sea-urchin, which are perforated to form part of an ambulacrum. P., Ap- proximation, one of the plates of decalcified bone or other material, leaving a central hole and openings for sutures in the margin, which are used in enter- ectomy to bring the resected ends of intestine to- gether. Also known as Senn's Plate. P., Audi- tory, the plate of bone forming the roof of the PLATE auditory meatus. P., Axial, the primitive streak of the embryo. P., Basilar, P., Basicranial, in em- bryology, the cartilaginous plate at the anterior end of the notochord, formed by the latter and the para- chordal cartilages. P., Blood. See Blood-plaque. P., Bone. Synonym of P., Approximation. P., Branchial, one of the branchial arches of the em- bryo. P., Cathammal, in biology, one of the vascular lamellae of certain Medusae, formed by the pressing together of the two layers of the persistent endoderm by the subumbrellar and exumbrellar jelly. P., Cribriform, the anterior fossa of the base of the skull. P.-culture, in biology, a method devised by Koch to separate bacteria by pouring the liquid, gelatin culture-medium upon a sterilized glass plate, after inoculation. The plates of Koch have been replaced somewhat by Petri's Dishes, q.v. P., Dorsal, each of the two longitudinal ridges on the dorsal surface of the embryo, which subsequently join to form the neural canal. P., Electric, the finely granular end-plates composed of nerve-endings and large cells, found in the electric organs of electric fishes. P., End, a term given to the termination of a motor nerve in a muscle-fiber. P., Equatorial, in biology, the com- pressed mass of chromatic segments, aggregated about the equator of the nuclear spindle at a certain stage of karyokinesis. It is also called nuclear plate, nuclear disc, mother-star. PS., Facial, the fronto-nasal and external group of nasal and maxillary plates of the embryo. P., Flesh. See Zame/la carnosa. P., Foot, the flat, plate-like portion of the stapes which fills the fenestra ovalis. P., Frontal, in the fetus, a cartilaginous plate interposed between the lateral parts of the ethmoid cartilage and the lesser wings and anterior portion of the sphenoid bone. P., Fronto- nasal, the middle of the facial plates, which subse- quently forms the external nose, P., Gill, a bronchial lamina of molluscs. P., Gray. Synonym of Zamina cinerea. P., Ground, the ground-substance of con- nective tissue and endothelial cells, in which are em- bedded the nucleus and intracellular network. P., Hair. Synonym of Scales, Aſair. Ps., Hyoid, the second pair of the subcranial plates of the embryo, from which the hyoid bone is in part developed. P., Inferior Maxillary, in the embryo, the first pair of subcranial plates from which the mandible is developed. P., Internasal. Synonym of P., A'ronto-nasal. P., Intervertebral, the disc of fibro-cartilage between adjacent vertebrae. P., Intrafissural (of the pia), the fold of pia passing into the ventral fissure of the spinal cord. P., Lateral Mesoblastic, the thick portion of the mesoblast situated one on each side of the notochord. Each plate splits into two portions, the ectal divisions coalescing to form the body-wall, or Somatop/eure, the ental, to form the Sø/anchnopleure, or visceral covering. P., Ligamentous, one of the intervertebral fibrous discs of the embryo. P., Man- dibular. Synonym of P., Inferior Maxillary. P., Maxillary. Synonym of P., Zn/erior Maxillary. P., Medullary. Synonym of P., Dorsal. P., Mesenteric, P., Mesentery, P., Mesial. Syn- onyms of P., Lateral Mesoblastic, P., Motor. Syn- onym of P., AEnd. P., Muscle, P., Muscular. See Myocomma. P., Negative, of a storage ce//, that plate which by the action of the changing current is partly covered with a coating of spongy lead ; of a voltaic ce//, that element of a voltaic couple which is negative in the electrolyte of the cell. P., Nuclear. Synonym of P., AEquatorial. P., Orbital: (1) the smooth plate of the ethmoid bone forming part of the inner wall of the orbit; (2) of the frontal bone, a horizontal plate forming the roof of the PLATED orbit. P., Palate, of the palate bone, the horizontal portion which, with its fellow of the opposite side, forms the greater part of the hard palate. P., Para- chordal. Synonym of P., Zateral Mesoblastic. P., Positive, of a voltaic cell, the electro-positive element of a voltaic couple. P., Protovertebral. Synonym of A., Zaſeral Mesoblastic. P., Pterygoid, one of the processes of the sphenoid bone. P., Senn's. Syno- nym of P., Approximation. P., Sieve. See under Sieve. P., Spindle, the part of a cell-plate located within the cell-nucleus. P., Subcranial. See Post-oral Arches. P., Tympanic. The plate of bone forming the sides and floor of the auditory meatus. P., Utero- placental. Synonym of Decidua serotina. P., Val- vular, a valve-like fold of tissue which fills the fora- men ovale in the fourth month of fetal life, permitting the passage of blood from the right to the left auricle, but not in the contrary direction. P., Vascular. Synonym of Zamina, Vascular. Ps., Vertebral, un- divided masses of mesoblast, running longitudinally between the lateral mesoblastic plates and the medul- lary ridges. Also, the laminae on each side of the primitive groove by the union of which the vertebrae are formed. P., Visceral, the splanchnopleure layers of the lateral mesoblastic plates. P., Vitelline, the peculiar, doubly refractive crystals, probably albu- minoid in character, found in the egg-yolk of turtles, frogs, and certain fishes. Plated (pla/-led) [ME., plate, a plate]. In biology, covered with dermal scales or scutes; Scutate, loricate. Platelet (plat/-/et) [dim. of M.E., plate]; . In biology, a blood-plate. Haliburton and Lilienfield regard the platelets as probably disintegration-products of leuko- cytes. They are composed of a substance rich in phosphorus, which by gastric digestion is separated into nuclein and albumin. . Platesyntropy (plat-es-sin/-tro-pe) [TWatug, flat; otiv, together; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, Wilder's term for the morphotropic relation between parts upon the same side of the meson ; e. g., the brachium and the cubitum. Platetrope (plat/-et-rop) [Thatüç, flat; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, one of two symmetrically related parts on opposite sides of the meson; a lateral homologue. Platetropy (plat/-et- ro-pe) [Thatüç, flat; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, bilateral symmetry; Wilder's term for the antitropical relation between parts upon opposite sides of the meson; e.g., the relation be- tween the right and the left ear. Platiasmus (plat-e-az/-mus) [TWaríg, broad]. An im- pediment to speech, due to a defect of the tongue, causing thickness of speech. Platina (plat-e'-mah ) [Sp., platina]. of platinum. Platinamin (plat-in/-am-in) [Sp., platina, platina; amin J. An amin-compound of platinum in which the metal is quadrivalent. Platinammonium (plat - in - am - o'- me- um) [Sp., pla- tima, platina; ammonium], Pt.N.Hs. A quadrivalent radicle. Platinate (plat'-in-āt) [Sp., platina, platina]. A salt of platinic oxid—a compound of platinum dioxid and basic oxid. Platinic (plat-in/-ié) [Sp., platina, platina]. Con- taining platinum as a quadrivalent element. P. Chlorid is used to distinguish potassium from sodium and to precipitate salts of ammonium and of com- pound ammonias, such as alkaloids. Platiniferous (plat-in-iſ/-er-us) [Sp., platina, platina; ferre, to bear]. Producing platinum. Platinous (plat'-in-us) [Sp., platina, platina]. taining platinum as a divalent element. The older name Con- 1115 PLATYHIERIC Platinum (plat'-in-um) [Sp., platina, platina]. Pt. = 197; quantivalence II, IV; sp. gr. 21.5. A metal of silver-white luster, only soluble in nitro-hydro- chloric acid. It is employed in making vessels for chemic and pharmaceutic use. In the form of wire, affixed to a glass rod, it is used as the platinum nee. dle or Oese in bacteriologic work. Platinum salts are poisonous. See Flements, Table of. P., Black, a very finely divided metallic platinum, which has a great capacity for absorbing hydrogen and for con- densing oxygen upon its surface. It is used for test- ing amylic alcohol by oxidizing it into valerianic acid. Platode, Platoid (plat’-od, plat’-oid) [T/atüç, broad ; elóoç, form]. In biology, broad or flat, as a worm. Plattner’s Bile-crystals. A whitish semi-crystalline mass obtained from an extract of bile-acids, by distil- ling off the alcohol, dissolving the residue in a little absolute alcohol, and adding ether until the solution becomes turbid. Platula (plat/-u-lah). Synonym of Pediculus pubis. Platurous (pla-tu’-rus) [properly, platyurous; TAatic, broad; owpá, tail]. In biology, having a broad tail. Platy- (plat/-e-) [TWaríg, broad]. A prefix, signifying broad. Platybasic (plat - ib - aſ-six.) [T2atüç, broad; 3datc, base]. Having a flat base, as certain skulls. Platybrachycephalic (plat-iö-rak-is-eſ-al/-ić) [T2attic, broad; 8pazig, short; kepazà, head]. Having a flat and broad skull. Platybregmate (plat - ib - reg/- máſ) [Thatüç, broad; |3péypia, bregma]. Having a wide bregma. Platybregmatic (plat-ib-reg-mat/-ić). Synonym of Platybregmate. Platycarpous (flat-ik-ar/-pus)[T2aríg, broad; Kapítóg, fruit]. In biology, having broad fruit. Platycelian, Platycelous (plat-is-el/-e-an, plat-is-e/- als). Synonym of Opisthocelozes. - Platycephalia (plat-is-eſ-a/-le-ah). Synonym of Platy- cephaly. - Platycephalic, Platycephalus (plat-is-efaſ/-ić, plat- is-eſ’-al-us) [thatüç, wide; kepaññ, head]. Having a broad skull ; with a vertical index of less than 70°. Platycephaly (plat-is-ef’-a/-e) [TWatüç, broad; kepaññ, head]. The quality of being platycephalous. Platycnemia (plat - ié - ne/- me - ah) [TWaríg, broad; Kvåum, leg]. The quality of being platycnemic ; broadness of the tibia. Platycnemia is a characteristic of many tribes of the African race, and is generally associated with pilastered femur. Platycnemic (plat-ik-me/-mić) [TAaríg, broad ; Kvium, leg). Having a tibia which is exaggerated in breadth. Platycnemism (plat-ik-ne/-mizm). See Platycnemia. Platycoria, Platycoriasis (plat-ić-o’-re-ah, plat-ić-o- ri/-as-is.) [Thatüç, broad; kópm, pupil]. Expansion of the pupil; mydriasis. Platycyte (pla/-is-it) [Thatic, broad; Kirog, cell]. A cell intermediate in size between a giant-cell and a leukocyte, found in tubercle-nodules. Platydactyl (plat-id-a/-fi/) [Thatic, broad; 6.dxTvŽog, finger]. In biology, having broad or thick digits. Platyelminthes, Platyhelminthes (plat-e-e/- min/- thez, plat-e-hel-min/-thez) [TWatíg, broad; 8%/uvg, a worm]. Flat-bodied, more or less elongated worms, usually containing both sexual elements at the same time. They include flat-worms, flukes, and tape- WOrnhS. Platygastric (plaf-ig-asſ-frić) [TAaTig, broad; yao Tip, belly]. In biology, having a broad, gastric cavity. Platyglossal (p/a/-īg-ſos’-a/) [T2atic, broad ; ; Adjaga, tongue]. In biology, having a broad tongue. Platyhieric (plat-e-hi-er/-ić) [T2atic, broad; ispáç, holy, sacrum]. Having a broad sacrum, in distinction PLATYNOSIS from dolichohieric, having a narrow sacrum. As a rule, females are platyhieric. Platynosis (p/at - in - of- sis) [Thatüvootſ, from Tržati- velv, to make broad]. Amplification ; enlargement. Platynotal, Platynote (plat - in - of- tal, pla/- in - ot) [TWatig, broad; vöToç, back]. In biology, broad- backed. Platyodont (pla/- e - o - dont) [TAaríg, broad; bºoig, (óðovt-) tooth]. In biology, having broad teeth; an animal with broad teeth. Platyope (plaſ/-e-op) [TWatüç, broad; &lp,(bt-) face]. In biology, a broad-faced individual, or skull. Platyopia (Alat-e-o’-pe-ah) [Thatüç, broad; &mp, face]. Broadness of the face; the quality of being platyopic. Platyopic (plat-e-op/-ić) [Ithatüç, broad; &mp (67-), face]. In biology, having a face wide across the eyes, as in the Mongolian races; having the naso-malar in- dex below Io?.5°. Platypellic (plat - iſ - el/- #) [TAaróg, wide; TréWWa, basin, a pelvis]. Having a pelvis very broad trans- versely, in distinction from dolichopellic, having a nar- row pelvis. Platypelvic (Alat-ip-e/-vić). Same as Platypellic. Platypetalous (plaf - if - eſ/- al - us) [Thatic, broad; Tétažov, a leaf). In biology, having broad petals. Platyphyllous (plat-iſ-i/-us) [thatüç, flat; p52%0v, leaf). In biology, having broad leaves. Platypod (plat'-ip-od) [thatüç, broad; Toíg, foot]. In biology, a broad-footed animal, as a syndactylous bird. Platypodia (plat-ip-o/-de-a/.) [Thatüç, broad; Toºg, foot]. Flat-footedness. Platypygous (plat-ip-i/-gus) [TAarig, broad; rumpj. In biology, having broad buttocks. Platyrrhine (plat/-ir-in) [TAaríg, broad; big, nose]. Having the nose broad and flat. The Platyrrhini are a tribe of apes with broad and flat noses. See Andex. Platyrrhinic (plat-ir-in/-ić) [TWaríg, broad; big, nose]. Applied to individuals characterized by a width of nose the index of which exceeds 53°. See Index. Platyrrhiny, Platyrhiny (plat/-ir-i-me)|[TAaríg, broad; big, nose]. The condition of having a platyrrhine skull. Platyscopic (plat-is-Åop/-īk) [TWatüç, broad; okoteiv, to view]. In optics, having a broad field of view. Platysma (flat-iz/-mah) [Tâârvoua ; thatüç, broad]. Anything of considerable superficial dimensions. Also, a plaster. P. myoides. See Muscles, Table o/. The platysma of man is the homologue of part of the Panniculus carnosus of quadrupeds. P. Reflex. See Reſlexes, Zable of Platysternal (plat-is-ſer/-mal)[T7aríg, broad; otépyov, breast-bone]. In biology, having a broad flat breast- bone. Platystomous (plat-is/-to-mus) [TAaríg, wide; otópla, mouth]. Having a broad mouth. Plaut's Method. A method of staining actinomyces. Either (1) place sections in Gibbes' magenta-solution, Trvyń, or carbolized fuchsin-solution for ten minutes at 45° C.; wash in distilled water, place in a mixture of equal volumes of saturated aqueous solution of picric acid and absolute alcohol for ſrom five to ten minutes, wash again in water, pass gradually up to absolute alcohol ; clear in cedar-oil, mount in balsam ; or (2) place sections in carbolized fuchsin for ten minutes and decolorize in fluorescin alcohol. Stain the nuclei with Ehrlich’s hematoxylin, and counterstain faintly with benzo-pur- purin. (After Squire.) Plax (//a/s) [TAdj. A genus of microscopic fungi. P. scindens, a name given by Eklund to a microör- ganism which he ſound in the blood and urine of scarlet-fever patients. - 1116 PLENCK’S DIGESTIVE Playfair's Food. A food for infants composed of rennet-whey, plus milk, cream, and lactose. The casein is diminished in amount, but that remaining is unaltered in quality, hence the coagulum is objection- able. P.’s Treatment. See A’est-cure. Plecolepidous (ple&-o-left/-id-us) [TAékely, to twine, twist; Aetric, a scale]. In biology, applied to Com- positae in which the bracts of the involucre are coher- ent. Plectana (ple&-tan-ah) [TAekrávn, coil]. the uterus. Plectrum (ple/-trum) [TAñkrpov, a spur: pl., Plectraj. The styloid process of the temporal bone; the tongue; the uvula. Pledget (pleſ’-et) [origin obscure]. A small flattened compress of lint, wool, cotton, or other fiber, some- times medicated, designed for application to the sur- face of a wound to prevent contact with the air, and to absorb discharges or to still hemorrhage. Plegaphonia (pleg-aſ-o'-ne-ah) [TAmyń, stroke; pová, sound]. The sound produced in auscultatory per- cussion of the larynx, the glottis being open. Plegometer (?leg-om/-et-er). Synonym of Pleximeter. Pleiochasium (pli-o-ka/-ze-um) [TWeiov, more : xào.g, separation]. In biology, a cyme with several lateral axes; a multiparous cyme, Pleiochromia (pli-o-Aro/-me-ah) [TAetov, more; Apôua, color]. Increased secretion of biliary coloring-matter. Pleiomazia (pli-o-ma/-ze-ah). Same as Polymastia. Pleiomorphism (pli-o-mor/ºftzm) [theiov, more; popph, form]. In biology: (a) change of form due to exces- sive growth of an organism; (b) polymorphism; the occurrence of several distinct forms in the life-cycle of an individual; e.g., no less than three form-genera (AEcidium, Uredo, and Puccinia) were established to denote the stages of the life-cycle of Puccinia gyram- Żnis, the well-known corn mildew. Such transforma- tion or pleiomorphism does not exist in the animal kingdom. Cf., Polymorphism. - Pleiomorphy (p/i/-o-mor-ſe) [Theiov, more; uopph, form]. In biology: (a) same as Pleiomorphism ; (b) the state of regularity in the flowers of plants normally irregular. Cf. Peloria. Pleiophyllous (pli-off’-i/-us) [TAetov, more; pt.2%0v, leaf). In biology, exhibiting pleiophylly. Pleiophylly (pli-off’-il-e) [TAetov, more; púWWov, leaf). In biology, the state in which, starting from a given point the leaves of a plant are found abnormally in- creased in number. Pleiospermous (pli-o-sper’-mus) [TAetov, more; otép- pia, seed]. In biology, containing an abnormally large number of seeds. Pleiosporous (pli-o-spo’-rus) [TAetov, more ; otópoc, spore]. In biology, producing an abnormally large number of spores. Pleiotaxy (pl:/-o-fańs-e) [TAetov, more; tāśtg, arrange- ment]. In biology, an abnormal multiplication in the number of whorls in a plant. Pleiothalamous (//; -o- thal/- am - us) [TAétov, more; 66%aplog, a bed-chamber]. In biology, having more chambers or cells than usual. Pleiotrachea (Ali-o-tra/-ke-ah). [TAetov, more; Tpareia, windpipe). In biology, Cooke's term for a membran- ous trachea containing a compound spiral fiber. Plemmyria (plem-ir/-e-ah). Synonym of Plethora. Plenalvia (plen-a/-we-ah) [plenus, full; aſvus, belly]. Overfilling or impaction of the stomach in lower animals. Plenck's Digestive. A preparation consisting of 16 parts of clarified turpentine, 8 parts of yolk of egg, 2 parts of honey, 32 parts of spring-water, and 48 parts of alcohol. It is used as an injection for fistulae. A cornu of PLEOCATANTES P’s. Solution, a solution for application to condylo- mata and other hypertrophic syphilitic lesions. The formula is: Bichlorid of mercury and alum, each one ounce; acetate of lead and camphor, each one dram ; alcohol and vinegar, each I 2 ounces. This is applied with a camel's hair pencil. It is likely to produce pain and should be used only in hospitals. Pleocatantes (ple-o-kat-an/-tez) [TAéov, more ; Karáv- tnç, downward]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus, and the line joining the hormion and the staphylion is between 45° and 67°. Pleochroism (ple - ok/- ro - izºn) [TAetov, more; Apotá, color]. The property possessed by some bodies, es- pecially crystals, of presenting different colors when viewed in the direction of different axes, due to the fact that the rays having vibrations in different planes, suffer absorption in different degrees. Pleochromatic (ple-o-Aro-mat/ - i.) [TAéov, more ; Aſpöua, color]. Pertaining to pleochroism. Pleocleis (ple7-0-%lis) [TAéov, pp. of TAéew, TŽeiv, to sail, swim; kWeiç, a bar, bolt, or hook]. In biology, the tubercle attached to the first somite of the pleon in crustaceans and precluding the carapace from being raised posteriorly. Pleokatantes (ple-o-kat-an/-tez). See Pleocatantes. Pleomastia, Pleomazia (Ale-o-masſ-te-ah, ple-o-ma/- ze-ah) [Tāšov, more; uadróg, or paſóg, breast]. The condition of having more than two mammae. See Polymastia. Pleomorphic (£le-o-mor/ſić) [TAéov, more ; popºff, form]. Having more than one form. Pleomorphism (ple-o-mor/ſizm). See Pleiomorphism. Pleon (ple/-on). [Théov, theiov, more]. In biology, Naegeli's term for aggregates of organic matter which cannot be increased or diminished without changing their chemic nature. Pleon (ple/-on) [TWeiv, to sail, to swim]. In biology: #. the abdomen of a crustacean, as distinguished röm the cephalon or head and pereion or thorax; (b) the telson of certain crustaceans, as Zimulus, so called by Owen from the idea that it represents the abdomen. - Pleonasm (ple/-o-nazm). [TAeovaopióc, an exaggeration]. Any deformity marked by superabundance of certain organs or parts. - Pleonectic (ple - or neé/- tić) [TAeovešía, greediness]. Characterized by pleonexia. Pleonexia (ple-o-me&s’-e-ah) [TAeovešía, greediness]. Greediness or arrogance due to mental disease. Pleopod (ple/-o-god) [TAéeiv, to swim ; Toic, foot]. In biology, one of the swimmerets or abdominal swim- ming-legs of a crustacean. Plerocercus (ple-ro-sir/-kus) [TAffpiſc, full ; , képkoç, tail]. In biology, the second larval stage of certain platodes, e.g., Bothriocephalus latus. (Braun.) Plerom, Pleroma (ple’-röm, fle-ro’-mah) [TAñpoua, that which fills]. Same as Plerome. Plerome (ple/-rom) [TAffpoua, that which fills]. In biology, the axial portion of the growing point ; the cylinder or shaft of nascent fascicles; plerom, pleroma. P.-sheath, in biology, the phloém-sheath in its nas- cent State. Plerosis (ple-ro’-sis) [TAñpoolç, a filling]. I. The restoration of lost tissue. 2. Plethora. Plerotic (ple-rot/-ić) [TAffpoolç, a filling], Tending toward, or pertaining to, a plerosis. As a noun, a drug promoting the filling up of wounds by new tissue. Plesiopia (ples-e-o/-pe-ah) [TW/otog, near; oil, eye). Increased convexity of the crystalline lens, producing myopia, and due to long-continued accommodation- Strain. 1117 PLEURARTHROCACE Plessimeter (ples-im/-et-er). Synonym of Pleximeter. Plessor (ples/-or). Synonym of Plexor. Plessy’s Green. Same as Mittler's Green. Plethomeria (pleth -o- mer/-e- ah) [TAffffog, fulness; plépoc, part]. Redundancy or over-growth of an or- gan or part. Plethora (pleth/-o-rah). [T//flápm, Tºñffog, fulness]. Abnormal fulness of the blood-vessels, or super- abundance of blood. See Polyemia. P. apocoplica, the condition that follows major amputations attended with little loss of blood. P., Hydremic. Synonym of Aydremia. P. hyperalbuminosa, an increase of the albuminoid elements of the blood-plasma. P. polycythaemica. Synonym of Polycythemia. P., Serous, an excess of serum in the blood. P. uni- versalis, plethora affecting all the body. Plethoric (pleth/-o-rić) [TAffffog, fulness]. to plethora. Plethysmograph (pleth -iz'-mo-graf) [T2mövouác, in- crease; ypápetv, to record]. An instrument for ascer- taining changes in the volume of any organ or part, dependent upon changes in the quantity of the blood. Plethysmographic (plet/-īz-mo-graf’-ić) [T276vouóg, increase; ypſipelv, to write]. Pertaining to the pleth- ySmograph. Pleumonia (plu mo/- me - ah) [Theigov, the lung]. Synonym of Pneumonia. - Pleura (pluſ-rah ) [T2evpá, a side]. The serous mem- brane which envelops the lung (P., Pulmonary), and, which being reflected back, lines the ental surface of the thorax (P., Costal). In biology: (a) the lateral portion of the integumentary segments of an arthro- pod. It lies between the tergum and sternum, and consists of the epimeron and episternum ; (b) one of the lateral tracts of the rachis of the lingual ribbon of gastropod molluscs. P. costalis. See P., Cosſa/. P., Diaphragmatic, the reflection of the pleura upon the upper surface of the diaphragm. P., Parietal. Syn- onym of P., Costal. P., Pericardial, the portion of the pleura contiguous to the pericardium. P. phren- ica. Synonym of P., Diaphragmatic. P. pul- monalis. Synonym of P., Pulmonary. P., Visceral. Synonym of P., Pulmonary. Pleural (pluſ-ral) [TAewpá, pleuraj. I. the pleura. 2 [TAEupév, rib]. or the ribs; costal. P. Eclampsia. See P. E/j- Jepsy. P. Epilepsy, a convulsion sometimes fol- lowing the procedure of washing out the pleural cav- ity. It may terminate fatally, or may end in mono- plegia or hemiplegia. P. Reflexes, grave nervous phenomena which develop in the course of removal of a pleural effusion, either at the time of aspiration or, more often, during the process of washing out the pleural cavity. Sudden unconsciousness, with tonic and clonic convulsions, hemiplegia, with or without aphasia, paralysis of the arm on the affected side, sometimes with hemichorea, are some of the conditions that have been observed. Pleuralgia (plu-ra/-je-ah) [Theupé, side; iWyog, pain]. Intercostal neuralgia. Pleuralgic (plu-ra/-jić) [Theupá, side ; iWyoc, pain]. Pertaining to or affected with pleuralgia, Pleurapophyseal (puſ-rap-off-iº/-e-a/) [T2supóv, rib; âtóðvote, offshoot]. Pertaining to a pleurapophysis. Pleurapophysis (plu-rap-off’-is-is.) [TAewpév, a rib ; ôtópvote, a process: //, Pleurapophyses]. In biology, one of the lateral processes of a vertebra, having the morphologic valence of a rib ; a true rib. Pleurapostema (A/u-rap-os-fe/-mah) [TAewpá, pleura; âtróotmua, abscess]. A collection of pus in the cavity of the pleura. Pleurarthrocace (f/n-ºr-throß’-as-e) [TAewpév, rib; Pertaining Pertaining to Pertaining to a rib, PLEURARTHRON 1118 àp6pov, joint; Kakóg, evil]. Disease of the costo-ver- tebral joints; also, caries of the ribs. Pleurarthron (plu-rar/-//iron) [TAewpov, rib ; āpópov, joint]. The articulation of a rib. Pleurenchyma (//u - reng/-Aim -a/.) [Twevpá, side; §ylvua, infusion]. In biology, woody tissue. Pleurenchymatous (//u - reng-Aim/- at- us) [TAévpá, side; 8 yruſta, that which is poured in J. Pertaining to, or of the nature of pleurenchyma. Pleurisy (plu'-ris-e) [Theupá, side]. Pleuritis; in- flammation of the pleura. It may be acute or chronic. Three chief varieties are usually described, depending upon the character of the exudate: (a) Fibrinous or Plastic; (b) Sero-fibrinous ; (c) Aurulent. In Fibrin- ous Pleurisy, the pleura is covered with a layer of lymph of variable thickness, which, in the acute form, can be readily stripped off. This form is usually second- ary to another disease, as pneumonia. Carcinoma, ab- Scess, and gangrene of the lungs usually give rise to a plastic pleurisy when the disease reaches the surface of the lung. Then there seems to be an apparent idio- pathic form, following exposure to cold. P., Sero- fibrinous, is generally due to tuberculosis, either of the lung, or, more rarely, primarily of the pleura. Other infectious diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, influenza, rheumatic fever, and sepsis some- times cause a sero-fibrinous pleurisy. In a few cases no microörganismal cause can be discovered. P., Purulent, or Empyema, may be (I) a sequence of the acute sero-fibrinous form; (2) it may arise as a purulent pleurisy in the beginning, especially in acute infectious diseases—thus in scarlet ſever, typhoid fever, pneumonia, influenza, measles, whooping- cough ; tuberculous pleurisy is often purulent; (3) empyema may be due to local disease, as fracture or caries of the ribs, caries of the vertebrae, pene- trating wounds, malignant disease of the lung or esophagus, or to perforation into the pleura of tuber- culous cavities, of perityphlitic abscesses, of subdia- phragmatic abscesses, of hepatic abscesses, and of PLEUROCELE on both sides of the chest. P., Dry, that form in which there is little or no effusion of fluid. It is common in rheumatic and tuberculous patients. P., Dyscrasic, the presence of a fetid exudate in the pleural, as well as in the pericardial and peritoneal sacs, of still-born infants. It is a septic condition, and is most frequent in, if not confined to, hospitals in which puerperal sepsis rages. P., Encysted, pleurisy in which the effusion is circumscribed by adhesions or separated into pockets or loculi. It is most common in empyema. P., Gangrenous, pleurisy in which the exudate and the pleural mem- brane become gangrenous. P., Hemorrhagic, a variety, in which the exudate contains a varying proportion of blood. It occurs: (a) in the pleurisy of asthenic states, such as carcinoma, chronic ne- phritis, and in the malignant infectious fevers; some- times also in hepatic cirrhosis; (b) in tuberculous pleurisy; (c) in carcinomatous pleurisy; (d) blood may become accidentally mixed with the effusion from the wounding of the lung during aspiration. P., Ichorous ; Putrid Pleurisy, a form characterized by the presence of a gray or dirty-brown fluid which gives off an offensive odor. It is usually dependent upon pyemia, Septicemia, pulmonary gangrene, or putrid bronchitis. P., Interlobar, inflammation of the pleural layers between adjoining lobes of the lung. P., Latent, a form in which the subjective symptoms are absent. P., Mediastinal, inflammation of the pleural layers about the mediastinum. P., Meta- pneumonic, pleurisy dependent upon a pneumonia. P., Multilocular, an encysted pleurisy in which connective-tissue bands separate the effusion into sev- eral, usually intercommunicating, sacs. P., Post- pneumonic. Synonym of P., Metapneumonic. P., Putrid. See P., ſchorous. P., Pulsating. Synonym of AEmpyema, Pulsating. P.-root. See Asclepias. P., Spurious. Synonym of Pleurodynia. P., Sup- purative. Synonym of P., Purulent. See under Pleurisy. P.; Tuberculous, pleurisy due to the astric ulcers. The onset of acute pleurisy is marked tubercle-bacillus. - ſº in the side, sharp and stabbing, Pleuritic (plu-riſ/-īk) [TWevpá, pleura ; truç, inflamma- l ncreased on coughing, and in its milder forms 3 y called a “stitch;” there may be an initial chill, tion]. Pertaining to, or affected with, or of the nature of, pleuritis. followed by fever; or the disease may begin in- Pleuritis (plu-ri/-äs) [TWevpá, pleura; trug, inflamma- sidiously; ſriction-fremitus may be felt on palpation and a to-and-fro friction-sound is heard on ausculta- tion. In the sero-fibrinous variety a liquid effusion takes place, varying in amount. The pain now stops and the signs of effusion become marked : bulging of the intercostal spaces and chest-wall, absence of vocal fremitus, displacement of the heart, movable dulness with a curved upper line, and a tympanitic percussion-note (skodaic resonance) beneath the clavi- cle and above the level of the effusion. Chronic pleurisy may be sero-fibrinous, coming on insidiously or following an acute sero-fibrinous pleurisy. A dry chronic pleurisy is a sequence of acute sero-fibrinous pleuritis, or is a primitive plastic inflammation. ...y culosis and syphilis may cause chronic plastic pleurisy Peripleuritis is a rare affection in which the connec- tion]. Inflammation of a pleura. See Pleurisy. P. deformans, chronic inflammation with great thicken- ing and induration of the pleura, usually accompanying fibroid pneumonia. P. duplicata, bilateral pleurisy. P. humida, pleurisy with effusion. P. incapsu- lata. Synonym of Pleurisy, AEmcysted. P. pul- sans, a form that usually, but not always, occurs in chronic cases, and in which the fluid is purulent. The pulsation is generally universal. It occurs more fre- quently among men, and between the ages of twenty and thirty years. It may be confounded with aneur- ysm. Its seat, however, is different; there is no /ruit, it grows smaller under º and larger after coughing. P. sicca, dry pleurisy. P. spuria. Synonym of Pleurodynia. P. vera, simple pleurisy without complication. tive tissue between the costal pleura and the thoracic Pleuro- (?/u/-ro-) [Thevpá, side]. A prefix to denote wall becomes the seat of an inflammation that gen- connection with the pleura, or with a side. erally proceeds to suppuration. The etiology is Pleuroblastic (plu-ro - blas/-ti) [thewpá, the side; obscure. P., Areolar. Synonym of P., Multilocu- Zar. P., Calcareous, a process characterized by the deposition of lime-salts in a thickened pleura. P., 6%aoróg, a germ]. In biology, applied to certain fungi (Peronosporea) that produce globular or branched lateral outgrowths which act as haustoria. Costo-pulmonary, pleurisy affecting both the costal Pleurocarpous (plu-ro - Aar'-pus) [TAewpá, the side; and the pulmonary pleura. P., Diaphragmatic, a Kapiróg, fruit]. See Cladocarpous. form of the disease which is restricted to the pleural Pleurocele (plu'-ro-se/) [thewpá, pleura; Khºm, tumor]. surface of the diaphragm. Vomiting, hiccough, and icterus are occasionally present. P., Double, pleurisy (9 I. Hernia of the lung; pneumocele. 2. A serous effusion into the pleural cavity. PLEUROCENTRAL Pleurocentral (plu-ro-sen/-tral). [Tºewpá, side; kévr- pov, center]. Pertaining to a pleurocentrum. Pleurocentrum (plu-ro -sen/ trum) [Theupé, side; kévrpov, center ; pl., Pleurocentral. A hemi-cen- trum ; the lateral element in a vertebral centrum. Pleurocerebral (p/u - 7'o - ser/- e-bral) [Thevpá, side; cerebrum, cerebrum]. In biology, connecting the side of the body with the head. Pleuroclysis, Pleuroklysis (plu-rok'-lis-is) [TWevpá, rib, side; kWüoug, a wash]. The injection of fluids into the pleural cavity. * Pleurocoenadelphus (plu-ro-sen-ad-el/-fus) [Theupá, side; colvög, common; ádežđóg, brother]. A double monster consisting of two nearly perfect bodies joined laterally by the trunk. Pleurocolic (plu-ro - Ao!’- iſſ) [It?evpá, side; kóżov, colon]. Costo-colic; joining the side and the colon. Pleurocollesis (plu - ro - Aol-e'-sis) [TWevpá, pleura ; kóWAmalg, a glueing]. Adhesion of the pleural layers. Pleuro-cutaneous (plu'-ro - Au -ta/- me - us) [Theupá, pleura: culis, skin]. In relation with the pleura and the skin, as a pleuro-cutaneous fistula. Pleurodiscous (plu-ro - dis’- Aus) [Theupá, the side; Öíokoç, a disc.]. In biology, growing upon the sides of the disc, as the ray-flowers in the Compositae. Pleurodont (plu'-ro-dont) [TAevpá, the side; héoùg, (odovr-), tooth]. In biology, a tooth, or an animal bearing teeth, fastened into the jaw by a lateral an- kylosis; as in certain lizards. Pleurodyne (plu'-ro-din). See Pleurodynia. Pleurodynia (plu-ro-dim/-e-ah) [TAewpá, side; 66inm, pain]. A sharp pain seated in the intercostal muscles. It is considered a myalgia of rheumatic origin. Pleurogenic, Pleurogenous (plu-ro-jen/-ik, plu-roj/- em-us) [TAévpá, side ; Yevſc, producing]. Originating in the pleura. P. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia, Pleurogenous. P. Phthisis, pulmonary tuberculosis starting from a pleurisy. Pleurogynous (plu-roj/-in-us) [Thevpá, the side; yová, female]. In biology, bearing some peculiar structure alongside the ovary. 'Pleurohepatitis (plu-ro-hep-at-i/-tis) [TAewpá, pleura; #Trap, liver; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pleura and the liver. Pleuroid (plu'-roid). [Theupév, a rib; eiðoc, form]. One of the lateral elements of the pleural arch of a vertebrate. Cf. A/euroid. Pleuroklysis (plu-roA/-/is-is). See Pleuroclysis. Pleurolepida (plu-ro-ſep/-id-ah) [TAewpá, the side; Žetric, a scale]. In biology, the peculiar dermal ribs in extinct ganoids (Pycnodonts) that covered the whole body, or the anterior portion, with a sort of lattice-work. Pleuromelus (plu-rom/-el-us) [TAewpá, side; ué20g, limb]. A monster possessing supernumerary thoracic limbs, the scapulae of which are in contact with the properly developed arms. Pleuron (plu'-ron) [TAewpóv, a rib : pl., Pleura]. In biology: (a) a rib; (b) the lateral piece of a somite of an arthropod. Cf. Mesopleuron, Metapleuron, Pro- pleuron. Pleuro-oesophageus (plu-ro-e-sofaj-e'-us) [TAewpá, side; otočbayóg, esophagus]. A band of smooth muscle-fibers joining the left pleura posteriorly with the esophagus. Pleuropathia, Pleuropathy (plu-ro-pa/-the-ah, plu- rop'-ath-e) [Thevpá, pleura ; tābog, disease]. A dis- ease of the pleura. Pleuropedal (plu-ro-pe/-dal) [TAevpá, side; pes, foot]. In biology, joining the side of the body with the foot. * Pleuropericarditis (plu-ro-per-ik-ar-di/-tis) [Trževpá, 1119 PLEUROSTOSIS pleura; Tepi, around; kapótá, heart; tric, inflamma- tion]. Pleurisy associated with pericarditis. Pleuro-peripneumonia (plu'-ro-per-e-nu-mo/-ne-a/). Synonym of Pleuro-pneumonia. Pleuroperitoneal (plu-ro-per-it-on-e'-al) [thewpá, side; Teptróvatov, peritoneum]. Pertaining to the pleuro- peritoneum. Pleuroperitoneum, Pleuroperitonaeum (plu-ro-per-i/. o-me/-um) [Theupā, the side; Teputóvalov, peritoneum]. In biology, the lining serous membrane of the pleuro- peritoneal cavity of those vertebrates in which the thoracic and abdominal cavities are not separated by a diaphragm. Pleuroperitonitis (plu'-ro-per-it-on - i.'- tis) [Theupú, pleura ; treputóvatov, peritoneum ; trag, inflammation]. The simultaneous existence of pleurisy and peritonitis. Pleuroplegia (plu-ro-ple/-je-a/.) [Tºewpé, side ; Tºmy), stroke]. Absence of the power of conjugate move- ment of the eyes to the right or left, though conver- gence may be preserved. Pleuropneuma (plu-ro-mu’-mah). mothorax. Pleuropneumonia (plu-ro - mu - mo'- me - ah) [T2evpá, pleura; Tveijuan, lung]. Conjoined inflammation of the pleura and the lung. The ordinary croupous pneumonia is generally a pleuropneumonia. Usually the term refers to an acute, febrile, contagious disease of cattle. P. contagiosa. Synonym of P., Epizo- otic. P., Epizoötic, P., Exudative, characterized by lobar pneumonia and by pleurisy, generally plastic in type. The period of incubation is from two to three weeks. The cause of the disease is thought to be the pneumococcus of Fränkel. The disease is very fatal, especially at the beginning of an epidemic, and governments have established rigid quarantine measures against it. P., Hypostatic, hypostatic pneumonia associated with pleurisy. Pleuropous (plu'-ro-pus) [TAewpá, side; Toig, foot]. In biology, having lateral supports. Pleuropyesis (plu-ro-pî-e'-sis) [T2evpá, pleura; Tiº- otç, suppuration]. Purulent pleurisy. Pleurorhizal (plu-ro-ri/-za/) [TAempá, the side; higa, root]. See Accumbent. Pleurorrhagia (plu - ror -a/-je-ah) [Thevpá, pleura; byvival, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the pleura. Synonym of Pneu- , Pleurorrhea (plu-ror-e'-ah) [TAevpd, pleura; bota, a flow]. An effusion of fluid into the pleura. Pleurorthopnea (plu-ror-thop-me’ ah). [Tâevpá, side; öpfföc, straight; Twoff, breath]. Orthopnea on account of pain in the side, either from pleurisy or pleuro- dynia. Pleurosoma (plu-ro-so'-mah) [TAévpá, side; adua, a body]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the Species celosoma in which there is a lateral eventra- tion occupying principally the upper portion of the abdomen and extending to the ventral portion of the chest, with atrophy or imperfect development of the upper extremity on the side of the eventration. Pleurospasm (plu'-ro-spazm) [Twevpá, side; otaguác, spasm]. Cramp, or spasm in the side. Pleurosteal (plu-ros’-te-a/) [TAewpá, side; baréov, a bone]. Pertaining to the pleurosteon. Pleurosteon (plu-ros/-te-on) [TAsupó, the side; boréon, a bone : p., Pleurostea]. In biology, the anterior lateral portion of the breast-bone of a bird, giving at- tachment to the ribs; as distinguished from lophosgeon, coracosteon, mietosteon. Pleurosthotonos (plu-ros-thoſ/-o-nos). thofonos. Pleurostosis (Alu-ros-foº-sis) [TA.svgå, pleura; boršov, bone]. Calcification of the pleura. See P/euro- PLEUROTHOTONIC 1120 Pleurothotonic (plu-ro-ſho-on/-ié) [TAewpóðev, from the side; teſvetv, to bend]. Of the nature of or af. fected with pleurothotonos. Pleurothotonos (plu-ro-thot/-o-nos) [TAewpéffev, from the side; Teivetv, to bend]. A bending of the body to one side during a tetanic or other convulsion. Pleurotomy (plu-rot/-o-me) [Twevpd, pleura; touff, a cutting]. Incision into the pleura, as in empyema for the evacuation of the purulent collection. The incision is made between two ribs, usually in the eighth intercostal space dorsad of the posterior axillary line. Pleurotonus (plu-rot/-o-mus). thotonos. Pleurotribe (?/u/-ro-frið) [T2evpd, the side; Tpíðetv, to rubl. In biology, applied to such flowers as have the stamens so arranged that an insect entering will re- ceive the pollen upon its side, as in the pea. Cf., AVozoáribe, Sternofribe. Pleurotyphoid (plu-ro-fi/foid) [TAewpá, pleura ; tºpog, stupor]. Pleuritis due to the presence of the bacillus of typhoid fever. Pleurovisceral (plu-ro-vis/-er-al) [TAewpá, pleura, side; ziscus, an organ or viscus]. Pertaining to the pleura or side, and to the viscera. Plexal (ple/s/-al) [plectere, to knit]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a plexus. Plexed (pleast) [plexus, plaited]. Netted; plexiform. Plexiform (pleks/-īf-orm) [plexus, plexus; forma, form]. Resembling a plexus. P. Angio-sarcoma, an angio-Sarcoma in which the sarcomatous vessels anastomose, forming a winding network. P. Glands. See Gland. P. Neuroma, a convoluted serpentine enlargement of the peripheral nerves. Generally it is only the connective tissue of the nerves that is in- volved ; these are then fibromatous masses. Rarely, however, the nerves themselves participate, becoming lengthened and increased in number. Pleximeter (pleks-im/-et-er) [TAjšug, a stroke; puérpov, measure]. An ivory disc or other hard substance placed on the body to receive the stroke in mediate percussion. Sometimes a pleximeter is used that consists of two flat discs joined at their centers by a short cylinder or rectangular rod. Pleximetric (pleks-im-et/-riž) [TAffic, a stroke; Trét- pov, measure]. Pertaining to or performed with a pleximeter. Plexometer (//e/s-om/-et-er). , Same as Pleximeter. Plexor (ple/s/-or) [T/ijšić, stroke]. The hammer used for striking upon the pleximeter. Plexure (p/e/s/-īr) [//ec/ere, to interweave]. An in- terweaving ; a plexus. Plexus (//eós/-us) [flectere, to knit]. An aggregation of vessels or nerves forming an intricate network. A table of the nerve-plexuses is appended. P. artic- ularis, a small venous plexus near the outer aspect of the temporo-maxillary articulation. P. cerebri, either of the choroid plexuses. P., Choroid, a fringe- like membrane, occupying the margin of a fold of the pia mater in the interior of the brain. In structure, it consists of minute and highly vascular villous processes, composed of large round corpuscles, containing, be- sides a central nucleus, several yellowish granules and fat-molecules, and covered by a single layer of flat- tened epithelium. P. ciliaris. Synonym of Canal of .Sc//emma. P. cirsoides. Synonym of P., Pampini- form. P. digitalis, one of the venous plexuses on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the second and third phalanges. P., Fundamental. See P., Princi- Žal. P., Ganglionic, a nervous plexus in which ganglion-cells are found. P. gangliosus, one of the small plexuses formed at the junction of the spinal Synonym of Pleuro- PLEXUS nerves and the inferior hypogastric plexus. They contain a number of ganglia. . P. glandularis, P. glanduliformis. Synonym of P., Choroid. P., Hemorrhoidal, a plexus of veins surrounding the lower part of the rectum, beneath the mucous mem- brane, and giving origin to the inferior, middle, and superior hemorrhoidal veins. P., Hovius', a plexus of veins in the ciliary region of the eye. P., Inter- laminar, a lymphatic plexus formed by the lymphatic vessels in the muscular coat of the intestines. P., Lymphatic, a plexus of lymphatic vessels. P. Malleal, P., Manubrial, a plexus of veins surround- ing the handle of the malleus. P., Medulli-spinal, a venous plexus surrounding the spinal cord. P., mirabilis. Synonym of P., Choroid. P. nervorum spinalium, a plexus formed by the spinal nerves, e.g., the cervical, brachial, lumbar, or sacral. P., Pampiniform, the spermatic plexus, collecting the blood from the testicle, and emptying by a single vein, the spermatic, into the right renal vein on the right side, and into the inferior cava on the left. In the female, the plexus collects the blood from the uterus, the oviduct, and the ovary. P., Parotid. Synonym of Pes anseri- nus. P., Perineal, a superficial and a deep venous plexus are found in the perineum. The superficial is formed by veins from the labia majora and some from the prepuce of the clitoris and the bulbs. Its blood is carried to the superficial epigastric, pudic and ex- ternal obturator veins. The deep plexus is formed by the veins from the cavernous bodies, from the bulbs, and a branch from the dorsal vein of the clitoris. P., Pharyngeal, a venous plexus surrounding the pharynx. P. plantaris, a plexus of veins on the sole of the foot. P., Principal or Fundamental, a plexus formed by the larger nerves of the body. They fre- quently contain ganglionic cells which are collected into microscopic ganglia. P., Prostatic : (1) A plexus of veins surrounding the prostate gland; it receives the dorsal veins of the penis. (2) See also P., Prostatic, in Table. P., Pterygoid, a plexus of veins formed by branches of the internal maxillary vein, and situated between the temporal and external pterygoid muscles. P., Pudendal, a venous plexus into which veins from the clitoris, the labia minora, the urethra, and the vaginal vestibule empty. The corresponding plexus in the male surrounds the prostate and membranous urethra. P., Santorini’s, the prostatic plexus of veins. P. seminalis. Synonym of Æeſe festis. P. spinalis, the plexus formed by the spinal veins. There are two, an anterior and a posterior spinal plexus. P., Sympathetic, a plexus formed by sym- pathetic nerve-fibers. P. thyroideus impar, a venous plexus situated beneath the isthmus of the thyroid gland. It is derived from the inferior thyroid veins. P. tonsillaris: (1) a venous plexus surrounding the tonsil; (2) See also P., Zonsillar, in Zable. P., Ureth- ro-vesical, a venous plexus situated about the urethra and the lower portion of the bladder. It receives the dorsal vein of the clitoris, the pudic veins (right and left), veins from the cavernous bodies of the clitoris, a branch from the obturator vein, and a few Small branches from the urethra and the neck of the bladder. P., Utero-vaginal, a venous plexus surrounding the vagina, the neck and the body of the uterus. P., Vaginal : (1) a venous plexus surrounding the vagina; (2) See also P., Vaginal, in Table. P., Venous, a network or plexus of veins, P., Vesical : (1) a plexus of veins in the wall of the bladder, outside of the muscular coat; it communicates with the hemor- rhoidal and prostatic plexuses in the male, and with the vaginal plexuses in the female; (2) See also P., Vesical, in Table. PLEXUSES TABLE OF NERVE-PLEXUSES. 1121 PLEXUSES NAME. LOCATION. DERIVATION. Distri BUTION. Aortic (abdominal). Sides and front of aOrta. Semilunar and lumbar ganglia, renal and solar plexuses. Inferior mesenteric, spermatic and hypogastric piexuses, filaments to the inferior vena cava. Aortic (thoracic). Surrounding the tho- racic aorta. Thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic nerve ; cardiac plexus. Solar plexus, aorta. Auerbach's. Between the circular and longitud in a l muscular coats of the small intestine. Sympathetic. Intestinal walls. Axillary. See Brachial. Brachial. Lower part of neck to axilla. Ventral branches of the four lower cervical and the greater part of the first thoracic nerve. Suprascapular, rhomboid, median, ul- nar, musculo-spiral, posterior thor- acic, muscular thoracic, subscapular, circumflex, Wrisberg's musculo- Cutaneous. Cardiac (great or deep). In front of the bifurca- tion of the trachea. Cardiac nerves of the cervical ganglia of the sympathetic, branches of the recurrent laryngeal and vagusnerves. Pulmonary, coronary, and cardiac plexuses. Cardiac (superficial or anterior). Beneath the arch of the aorta. Leſt superior cardiac, branches of the vagus and deep cardiac plexus. Coronary and pulmonary plexuses. Carotid (external). Around the external carotid artery. Pharyngeal plexus, superior cardiac nerve, superior cervical ganglion. External carotid artery and its branches. Carotid (internal). Outer side of the in- ternal carotid artery. Sixth nerve and Gasserian ganglion. Carotid artery, petrosals, communicat- ing branches. Caudal. See Coccygeal. Cavernous. *. Cavernous sinus. Third, fourth, fifth, and sixth nerves, and ophthalmic ganglion. Wall of the in ſerior carotid. Cavernous (of penis). Cavernous bodies. Vesical plexus. Cavernous bodies. Celiac. Celiac axis. Solar plexus, splanchnic (less er), Coronary, hepatic, pyloric, gastro- - vagus. duodenal, gastro-epiploic, and splenic plexuses. Cervical. Opposite the four | Ventral branches of the four upper | Superficial: To skin of head and neck. upper vertebrae. vertebrae. Deep : Phrenic, communicans noni, two muscular, two communicating. Cervical (posterior). See Cruveilhier's plex 24S. Coccygeal. Dorsal surface of coccyx and caudal end of sacrum. Fourth and fifth sacral and the coccy- geal nerves. A no-coccygeal nerves. Coronary (anterior). Below arch of aorta. Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses. Ventral surface of heart. Coronary (gastric). Lesser curvature of stomach. Celiac, vagus, solar plexus. Stomach. Coronary (posterior). Coronary art ery at dorsum of heart. Deep cardiac plexus. Filaments to ventricles. Crural. Around the upper por- tion of femoral artery. Anterior crural nerve. Adjacent structures. Crural (of Cruveilhier). Posterior cervical re- gion. Great occipital nerve, first and second cervical nerves. Posterior cervical region. Cystic. Gall-bladder. Hepatic plexus. Gall-bladder. Dental (inferior). Around the roots of | Inferior dental nerve. Teeth. the teeth of the mandible. Diaphragmatic. See Phºerzic. Of the ductus choledo- || Around the common | Hepatic plexus. Bile-duct. CIT UlS bile-duct. Epigastric. See Solar. Esophageal. Around the esophagus. Vºerve, thoracic sympathetic Esophagus. ganglla. - Gangliform. The roots of origin of the inferior Inferior maxillary nerve. maxillary nerve. 71 PLEXUSES 1122 PLEXUSES TABLE OF NERVE-PLEXUSES.–Continued. NAME. LOCATION. DERIVATION. Distribution. Gastric. Gastric artery. Celiac plexus. Stomach. Gastro-duodenal. Pancreatico-duodenal Celiac plexus. Pancreatico-duodenal, gastro-epiploic artery, right gastro- plexuses. epiploic artery. Gastro-epiploic. Near the stomach. Hepatic plexus. Filaments to stomach and mesentery. Gulae. See Esophageal. Hemorrhoidal (inferior). Rectum. Pelvic plexus. Rectum. Hemorrhoidal (middle). Sides of rectum. Pelvic plexus, inferior mesenteric. Filaments to rectum. Hepatic. Hepatic artery. Celiac plex us, left vagus, right | Liver. phrenic. Hypogastric. Promontory of sacrum. Aortic plexus and lumbar ganglia. Pelvic plexuses. Infra-orbital. Under the levator labii Superioris muscle. Infra-orbital, facial. Muscular. Intermesenteric. See Aortic. § Intestinal submucous. See Meissner’s. Ischiadic. See Sacral. Jacobson’s. See Tympanic. Lienalis. See Splenic. Lingual. Around the lingual ar- || External carotid plexus. Tongue and lingual artery. tery. - - Lumbar. Psoas muscle. Anterior divisions of the four upper Ilio-hypogastric, ilio-inguinal, genito- lumbar nerves. crural, external cutaneous, obturator and accessory, anterior crural. Maxillary (inferior). See Dental (inferior). Meissner's. Submucosa of small inteStines. Sympathetic, branches of Auerbach's plexus. Intestinal walls. Mesenteric (inferior). Inferior mesenteric ar- tery. Left side of the aortic plexus. Parts supplied by the artery. Mesenteric (superior). Superior mesenteric artery. Solar plexus. Parts supplied by the artery. Myenteric. See Azzerbach’s. Naso-palatine. At the incisor foramen. Branches of the naso-palatine nerves. The naso-palatine region. Of the obturator nerve. Around the obturator nerve. Obturator nerve; internal saphenous nerve. Obturator muscle. Occipital. Around the occipital | External carotid plexus. Posterior portion of parotid gland ; artery. occipital region of skull. Ophthalmic. Around the ophthal- || Ciliary nerves; sympathetic fibers. Optic region. mic artery and optic nerve. & Ovarian. See Spermatic. Pancreatic. Near pancreas. Splenic plexus. Filaments to pancreas. Pancreatico-duodenal. Near head of pancreas. Hepatic plexus. Filaments to pancreas and duodenum. Patellar. In front of the patella. | Internal saphenous; internal, middle, The region around the patella. and external cutaneous nerves. Pelvic. Side of rectum and | Hypogastric plexus, second to fourth | Viscera of pelvis, plexuses of pelvis. bladder. sacral nerves, first two sacral gan- glia. Phrenic. Phrenic artery. Solar plexus. Diaphragm and adrenal capsule. Prostatic. Vesical arteries. Pelvic plexus. Bladder. Pudenda!. Lower portion of the Inferior hypogastric plexus. Middle, and inferior hemorrhoidal pyriformis muscle. nerves, Pulmonary (anterior). Root of lungs, ventral side. Anterior pulmonary branches, vagus and sympathetic. Ventro-caudal part of lungs. PLI COURBE 1123 PLICA TABLE OF NERVE-PLEXUSES.—Cozz/?nezuea. NAME. LOCATION. DERIVATION. Distri BUTION. Pulmonary (posterior). Root of lungs, dorsal side. Posterior pulmonary branches, vagus and sympathetic. Root of lungs, dorsal side. Pyloric. Near pylorus. Hepatic plexus. Filaments to pylorus. Renal. Renal artery. Solar and aortic plexuses and semi- || Kidney, post-cava, sperinatic plexus lunar ganglia. Sacral. Ventrad of sacrum. Lumbo-sacral cord, ventral divisions | Muscular, pudic, superior gluteal, of the three upper sacral nerves, great sciatic, small sciatic. and part of the fourth. - Of Santorini See Gangliform. Semilunar. See Solar. Solar (semilunar). Dorsad of stomach. Splanchnics and right vagus. Semilunar ganglia, phrenic, supra- renal, renal, spermatic, celiac, supe- rior mesenteric, and aortic plexuses. Spermatic. Spermatic vessels. Renal plexus. Testes (ovaries in female). Sphenoid. The upper portion of - the Carotid (inter- mal), g. v. - Splenic. Splenic artery. Celiac plexus, left semilunar ganglia, Spleen, pancreatic plexuses, left gas- - right vagus nerve. tro-epiploic plexus. * Subsartorial. At the posterior bor- Obturator, long Saphenous, and inter- || Filaments to adjacent skin. der of the sartorius nal cutaneous nerves. . muscle, a little be- - low the middle of the thigh. Subtrapezial. s | Beneath the trapezius Cervical plexus and spinal accessory Trapezius muscle. In UlscIe. Iner Ve. - Suprarenal. A round the supra- Diaphragmatic, solar, and renal plex- || Filaments to the medullary portions renal bodies. UlSeS. of the adrenals. Thyroid (inferior). Around the external carotid and inferior thyroid arteries. Middle cervical ganglion. Larynx, pharynx, thyroid gland. Thyroid (superior). | Around the thyroid gland. sº laryngeal and superior car- 12C nerves. Thyroid region. Tonsillar. Tonsil. Glosso-pharyngeal. Tonsil, soft palate, fauces. Tracheal (anterior in- ferior). See Pulmonary (an- terior). Tympanic. Tympanum. Tºrºnic nerve, sympathetic gan- ; Tympanum. glla. Uterine. Uterine arteries. Pelvic plexus. Cervix and lower part of uterus. Vaginal. Vagina. Pelvic plexus. Vagina. Vertebral. Surrounding, the ver- || First thoracic ganglion, upper cervi- | Vertebral and cerebellar regions. tebral and basilar cal nerves. arteries. Vesical. Vesical arteries. Pelvic plexus. Vesiculae seminales, was deferens. Vidiari. Vidian nerve. Pli courbe (ple koorb) [Fr.]. The angular gyrus. Plica (pl:/-kah) [L. : pl., Plica]. A fold; a convo- lution of the brain; a valve of a vein. P. adiposae: (I) folds of the costal pleura containing fat; (2) the synovial fringes. P. aliformes, the alar ligaments of the knee-joint. See Ligament. P. ary-epiglotticae. See Folds, Aryteno-epiglottidean. P. centralis retinae, a fold found post-mortem in the retina, ex- tending transversely on each side of the optic disc. P. ciliares, the choroidal folds posterior to the ciliary processes. P. coli, a fold of mucosa forming the upper margin of the ileocecal valve. P. con- niventes. Synonym of Valvulae commivenſes. P. Douglasii. See Douglas's Pouch. P. fimbriata, a fold of mucous membrane, with a fimbriated edge, ex- tending in mammals from the frenum to the tip of the tongue. It is looked upon as the analogue of the sub- lingua of lower vertebrates. P. ilei, a fold of mucosa constituting the lower margin of the ileocecal valve. P. interarticularis coxae. Synonym of Zigamentum teres. See Ligament. P. linguae perpendicularis, one of the grooves or fissures on the dorsum of the tongue extending laterally on both sides of the median line. P. longicauda, a variety of P. polonica, in which the hair forms a long, matted or twisted coil. P. longitudinalis duodeni, a fold of mucosa extend- ing from the duodenal papilla for a short distance along the posterior wall of the descending portion of PLICATE the duodenum. P. longitudinalis meningis, the falx cerebri. P. lunata. Synonym of P. semilunaris. P. palato-epiglottica of Mojsisovics, a few thin, wrinkled folds of mucosa running across in front of the epiglottis between the two posterior pillars of the fauces in elephants. P. palmatae, oblique projections of the mucosa of the cavity of the neck of the uterus. P. petro-clinoidea lateralis, a fold of dura mater ex- tending from the petrous portion of the temporal bone to the anterior clinoid process. It forms the upper and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. P. petro- clinoidea medialis, a similar fold extending between the upper border of the petrous portion of the tem. poral bone and the posterior clinoid process. P. pharyngo-epiglottica, a fold of mucosa extending from the neighborhood of the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube to the vicinity of the epiglottis. It marks the insertion of the stylo-pharyngeus muscle. P. polonica, a matted, entangled condition of the hair, due to want of cleanliness in certain diseases of the scalp, with purulent discharge. P. pterygo- mandibularis, a mucous fold on the pterygo-maxillary ligament. P. recti, the folds of mucosa in the rectum. P. recto-uterina. See Douglas's Pouch. P. recto- vesicalis. See Recto-vesical Arola's. P. salpingo- palatina, a fold of mucosa passing downward from the anterior margin of the Eustachian orifice. P. sal- pingopharyngea, a prominent fold passing downward from the posterior margin of the Eustachian orifice in the naso-pharynx. P. saxonica. Synonym of P. polonica. P. semilunaris, a conjunctival fold in the inner canthus of the eye, the rudiment of the membrana nictitans of birds. P. semilunaris Douglasii. See Douglas's Pouch. P. semilunaris fascialis trans- versalis, the fold of transversalis fascia forming the lower edge of the internal abdominal ring. P. serosae, any folds of serous membrane. P. sigmoidea coli, P. sigmoidea recti, one of the folds of mucosa in the colon and in the rectum. P. sublingualis, the frenum of the tongue. P. synovialis, fringes of the synovial membrane. P. thyroarytenoideae. Syn- onym of Zigaments, 7%yroanytenoid. See Zāgament. P. transversalis recti. See P. sigmoidea recti. P. urachi, the peritoneal fold covering the urachus. P. urogenitalis, a fold in the posterior wall of the peri- toneal cavity of the embryo which surrounds the lower extremity of the Wolffian duct. P. utero-rectalis. See Douglas's Pouch. P. vaginalis, the rugae of the vaginal mucosa. P. vasculosae, the synovial fringes. P. vesico-uterinae. Synonym of Vesico-atterine Ao/aſs. P. villosae ventriculi, folds of the mucosa of the stomach forming a ventriculum, in the meshes of which are the openings of the gastric tubules. Plicate (//i/-/a/) [plicatus, p.p. of plicare, to fold, to bend]. Folded like a fan. Plicatile (p/l/-/a/-i/) [//ica, a ſold]. being folded. Plicatio (p/i-ka/-she-o). Synonym of Plica poſonica. Plication (pli-ka/-shun) [plicare, to fold]. A plica, or fold. Plicatopapillose (p/i-ka/-to-pap/-i/-62) [//caſus, pli- cate; papillosus, papillose]. In biology, both plicate and papillose. Plicatulate (///-/a/-u-Mă/) [//ica/ulus, dim. of A/º- catus, folded]. In biology, minutely folded, or plicate; e.g., certain plant-portions. Plicatura (?/i4a/-u/-ra/) [plicare, to ſold]. A cere: bral convolution ; also a ligament; also synonym of Alica polonica. Plicature (p/i/-a/-är) [//icare, to fold]. AE/ication. Plicidentine (pſis-id-en/-tim) [plica, fold; dens, tooth]. Capable of Same as 1124 PLUMBUM Applied to dentine which is folded so as to form a series of plates. Pliciferous (plå-så/7-er-us) [plica, a fold; ferre, to bear]. In biology, possessing folds or plicae, Pliciform (plis/-īform) [plica, a fold; forma, form]. In biology, like a plait or fold. Plicotomy (pli-Aot/-o-me) [ plica, a fold; topuff, a cut- ting]. Division of the posterior fold of the mem- brana tympani. Plombierin. See Glairin. Plongeade (plom/-jahd) [Fr.]. The physiologic con- dition of a diver with suspended respiration. The blood accumulates in the veins and right side of the heart. Ploteric (plo-ſer/-ić) [Thoráp, drifting]. In biology, applied by Haeckel to those organisms of the ocean (plankton) which are carried about involuntarily. Cf. AWecteric. . Ploucquet’s Test. See Birth, Zize. Plug [D., plug, a bung]. Something that occludes a circular opening or channel. P., Cervical. Synonym of P., Aſucous. P., Kite-tail, a tampon resembling a kite-tail. P., Mucous, the mass of inspissated mucus which occludes the cervix uteri during preg- nancy and is discharged at the beginning of labor. Ps., Dittrich’s, small, dirty-green masses found in the lowest layer of the sputum in fetid bronchitis. Plugging (plug/-ing) [D., plug, a bung]. See 7am- pon. P. Instruments, dental instruments for intro- ducing and consolidating fillings. P. Teeth. See Filling Teeth. Pluma (plu' - mah) [pluma, a small, soft feather: pl., Pluma). In biology, a quill-feather, or contour- feather, as distinguished from a down-feather. Plumaceous (plu-ma’-se-us) [pluma, a plume). In biology, having the character of a pluma; pennaceous. Plumacoleum (plu-mak-o'-le-um) [pluma, feather; oleum, oil]. A pledget of lint. Plumage (p/u/-máj) [pluma, plume]. covering of birds. Plumate (plu'-māt) [pluma, plume]. sembling a plume. Plumbago (plum-ba/-go). See Graphite. Plumbeus (plum/-be-us) [plumbum, lead]. colored. Plumbi et Opii, Liquor. Lead-and-opium wash mixture of a solution of lead acetate and laudanum. Plumbic (plum/-bié) [plumbum, lead]. Pertaining to lead. P. Acid, PbH,O, ; a dibasic acid produced during the electrolysis of lead salts. - Plumbiferous (plum-bjſ/-er-us) [//umbum, lead; ferre, The feathery In biology, re- Lead- a. to bear]. Producing lead. Plumbism (plum/-bizm) [plumbum, lead]. Lead- poisoning. See Saturnism. . . Plumbous (plum/-bus) [plumbum, lead]. Containing the element lead in a lesser valency than the plumbic compounds. Plumbum (plum/-bum) [L.]. Lead. Symbol Pb. Atomic weight, 207 ; quantivalence, II or IV. A bluish-white, soft, malleable metal, having a specific gravity of II.4, and melting at 332°. See Złements, Table of Lead is obtained from a native sulphid called galena, by roasting. Soluble salts of lead com- bine with albumin, forming albuminates. In large doses by the stomach they are irritant to the mucous membrane. Upon the intestines they act as powerful astringents. If absorbed into the circulation in small quantities for a considerable period of time, lead causes a very interesting and varied group of Symp- toms, which are described under Saturnism, 7, 20. Lead is eliminated through the kidneys and the intestinal mucosa. It appears to check the elimi- PLUME nation of uric acid, and is, especially in England, a factor in the causation of gout in lead-workers. In medicine, lead is used locally as a sedative to inflamed parts; as an astringent to mucous surfaces, as in gonorrhea and leukorrhea. Internally, it is used in pyrosis, in diarrhea and dysentery; and for its astrin- gent action on the vessels, in hematemesis, hemoptysis, and bleeding from the kidneys and the uterus. It has also been employed in edema and in gangrene of the lungs. P. acetas, Pb(C2H5O2)2·3H2O, astringent. Dose gr. ss—v. P. acetat., Ung. (B. P.), gr. xij to the ounce. P. carbonas, (PbCO3)2Pb(HO), used locally as an ointment. P. carbonat., Ung., finely- powdered lead carbonate Io, benzoinated lard 90 parts. P., Emplastrum, lead-plaster, contains lead oxid 32, olive-oil 60, water IO parts, triturated and boiled until homogeneous. P. iodidum, Pbſ, locally and intern- ally. Dose gr. 4. P. iodid., Emplast. (B.P.), con- tains iodid of lead, lead-plaster, and resin. P. iodidi, Ung., finely powdered lead iodid Io, benzoinated lard 90 parts. P. nitras, Pb(NO3)3, locally; astringent, escharotic, and disinfectant. P., Oleatum, unof., lead oxid 20, oleic acid 80 per cent. P. cum Opii, Pil. (B. P.). Dose gr. iij-v. P. oxidum, PbO, litharge, a constituent of lead-plaster. P. subacetat., Cera- tum, Goulard's cerate, has plumbi subacetatis 20, fresh cerate of camphor 80 parts. P. subacetat., Glycerin (B. P.) See Glycerin. P. subacetat., Linimentum, Goulard's extract 40, cotton-seed-oil 60 parts; anodyne. P. subacetat., Liq., Goulard's extract, lead acetate I70, lead oxid IOO, distilled water q. s. ad IOOO parts; an astringent and cooling solution. P. subacetat., Liq., Dil., 3 parts of the preceding and 97 of water. P., Suppos., Comp. B. P.) each containing I gr. of opium to three grains of lead acetate. P., Ung. diachylon, diachylon oint- ment, contains lead-plaster 60, olive-oil 39, oil of lavender I. Plume (plåm) [pluma, a feather]. A feather; a tuft of feathers; plumage; a plumate hair. Plumelet (plåm/-let) [pluma, a feather]. A plumule, or plumula; a small feather or plume. Plumicorn (plu'-mić-orm) [pluma, a feather; cornu, a horn]. In biology, one of the tufts of feathers on the heads of certain birds, as the so-called ears or horns of owls. Plumigerous (plu-mij/-er-us) [pluma, feather; gerere, to bear]. In biology, feathered; having plumes. Plumiped, Plumipede (pluſ-mip-ed, plu'-mip-ed) [pluma, feather; pes, foot]. In biology, having the feet feathered. Plummer's Pills. See Antimonium. Plumose, Plumous (pluſ-moz, plu'-mus) [pluma, feather]. In biology, having feathers; feathery; feathered. Plumosity (plu-mos/-īt-e)[pluma, feather]. In biology, the state of being plumose. Plumper (plum/-per) [ME., plomp, bulky]. One of a pair of pads worn in the hollow of the cheeks to give them a rounded appearance; sometimes attached to a set of artificial teeth. Plumula (pluſ-mu-lah) [plumula, a little feather: pl., Plumulae]. Same as Plumule. Plumulaceous (plu-mu-la/-se-us) [plumula, a plu- mule]. In biology, of or pertaining to a plumule; downy ; not pennaceous. Plumular (plu'-mu-lar) [plumula, a little feather]. In biology, plumulaceous. Plumulate (p/u/-me-/dt) [plumula, a little feather]. In biology, minutely plumose. Plumule (pluſ-mill) [plumula, a little feather]. In biology: (a) the primary bud or rudimentary stem and 1125 PLURISEPTATE leaves in the seed; (b) a down-feather; (c) any small, plume-like organ. Plumuliform (pluſ-mu-liform) [plumula, a plumule : forma, form]. Having the appearance of a small feather. Plumulose (p/u/-mu-/62) [plumula, a little feather]. In biology, resembling a down-feather. Plunge (plunj) [ME., plungen, to , plunge]. To thrust suddenly into water or other fluid ; to immerse. P.-bath, a bath in which the person is placed or places himself in a large tub containing sufficient water to cover him all but the head. P.-tracheot- omy. See Tracheotomy. Plunkett's Caustic, or Ointment. A caustic paste composed of the bruised plant of Kanunculus acris and of A. ſiammula, each 24 parts; arsenious acid, 3 parts; sulphur, 5 parts. These are mixed into a paste, rolled into balls, and dried in the sun. When used the ball must be reduced to a pasty consistence by rubbing with yolk of egg. Plural (pluſ-ra/) [plus ; pluris, more]. More than one. P. Birth, the bringing forth of more than one offspring at a time. Pluricapsular (plu-rić-ap/-su-lar) [flats, more; capsula, capsule]. In biology, having several capsules. Pluricellular (plu-ris-e/-u-lar) [plus, more ; cellula, cell]. In biology, made up of several cells. Pluriceps (pluſ-ris-eps) [plus, more ; caput, head]. Many-headed; having more than one stem springing from one root. Pluricipital (plu-ris-ip/-it-a!). Synonym of Pluriceps. Pluricuspid (plu-rić-us/-pid) [plus, more ; cuspis, a point]. In biology, having several cusps. Pluridentate (plu - rid-en/- fat) [plus, more ; dens, tooth]. In biology, having several tooth-like processes, as distinguished from parcia'entate or paucidentate. Pluriflagellate (plu-riſ-la/-el-āt) [plus, more ; flage/- ſum, flagellum]. In biology, having several flagella. Pluriflorous (plu-rif-lo'-rus) [plus, more; ſlos, a flower]. In biology, having many flowers. Plurifoliate (plu-riſ-o'-le-āt) [plus, more ; folium, a leaf). In biology, having several leaves. Plurifoliolate (plu-rif-o'-le-o-'at) [A/us, more; folio- ſum, dim. of folium, a leaf J. In biology, applied to a compound leaf which has many leaflets. Pluriguttulate (plu-rig-uſ/-u-lat) [Alus, more ; gut- tula, dim. of gutta, a drop]. In biology, character- ized by having many drop-like particles or structures. Plurilocular (plu-ril-ok/-u-lar) [plus, more; loculus, a cell]. In biology, having more than one cell or loculus; multilocular, as the ovaries of some plants. Plurinominal (plu-rin-om/-in-a/). Same as Polynom- inal. Plurinucleate (plu-rin-u/-Ale-āţ) [plus, more ; mucleus, a kernel]. In biology, having more than one nucleus; multinucleate. Pluripara (plu-rip/-ar-ah). Synonym of A/u/tipara. Pluriparity (plu-rip-ar/-it-e) [p/us, more ; parere, to bring forth]. The condition of having borne several children. Pluriparous (plu-rip/-ar-us) [//us, more ; farere, to bring forth]. Bringing forth several young at once. Pluripartite (plu-rip-ar/-tit) [plus, more ; partire, to divide]. In biology, having more than one septum or partition; pluriseptate. Pluriradial (plu-re-ra/-de-al) [//us, more; radius, a ray]. Developed from germs that assume a radial ar- rangement (a term used by Rauber to characterize a hypothetic method of accounting for double monstrosi- ties). Pºpule (Alu-ris-ep'-tät) [?/us, more ; septum, a partition]. Same as Pleuripartiſe. PLURISERIATE Pluriseriate (plu-ris-e'-re-āt) [plus, more; series, a row]. In biology, arranged in more than one row. Plurisetose (plu-ris-e/-täz) [plus, more ; seta, a bristle]. In biology, having a number of bristles or setae. Plurispiral (plu-ris-pi/-ral) [plus, more; spira, a coil, fold]. In biology, having more than one spiral; multispiral. Plurisporous (A/u - ris-po/- rus) [plus, more ; otropá, seed]. In biology, having two or more spores. Plurivalve (p/u/-riv-a/v) [plus, more; valva, a folding door]. In biology, having more than one valve; multivalve. Pluteiform (pluſ-te-if-orm) [pluteus, pluteus; forma, form]. . In biology, resembling or having the morpho- logic valence of a pluteus. Pluteus (plu'-te-us) [pluteus, pluteum, a protective roof or shed used by Roman soldiers: pl., Pluteil. In biology, the full-grown larva of the Ophiuroids. Achinoidea, as distinguished from the Auricularia and Bipinnaria type of larva of Æolothuroids and Asteroids. Plutomania (plu - to - ma/- me - ah) [Thoirog, wealth; plavia, madness]. An insane belief that one is the owner of much property. Pluvial (//u/-ve-al) [pluvia, rain]. Pertaining to rain or telluric moisture. Of flowers, having the property of expanding before a rain. Plyntriopsora (Alin-tre-op/-so-rah) [TWüvTpta, washer- woman; hôpa, scurvy]. A psoriatic affection of washerwomen due to the effects of alkalies. Pneobiognosis (ne-o-bi-og-no/-sis) [Tveiv, to breathe; Biog, life; yuáolç, knowledge]. Docimasia pulmonum. Pneobiomantia (me-o-bi-o-man/-she-a/). Synonym of Ameobiognosis. Pneodynamics (me-o-di-nam/-iás) [Tveiv, to breathe; ðūvauç, power]. The dynamics of respiration. Pneogaster (neº-o-gas-ter) [Tveiv, to breathe; Yaothp, stomach]. In biology, the respiratory tract. Pneogastric (me-o-gas'-trik) [Tveiv, to breathe; yaothp, the stomach]. Pertaining to the pneogaster. Pneograph (ne/-o-graf) [Tveiv, to breathe; Ypápetv, to write]. I. An instrument consisting of a semi-disc, suspended in front of the mouth, for the purpose of re- cording the force, rhythm, and duration, of the expira- tion. 2. Synonym of Pneumograph. Pneometer (ne-om/-et-er). Synonym of Spirometer. Pneometry (me-om/-et-re). Synonym of Pulmometry. Pneophore (ne/-o-fôr) [Tveiv, to breathe; popóg, carry. ing]. An instrument to aid artificial respiration in the asphyxiated. Pneoscope (ne/-o-sköp) [Tveiv, to breathe; okotreiv, to examine]. An instrument for measuring respiratory In OVementS. Pneuma (mu/-mah) [Tveijua, breath]. I. Air; a breath. 2. The vital principle. Pneumapostema (nu-map-os-teſ-mah). Pneumonapostema. Pneumapyothorax (nu-map-i-o-tho/-ražs). of Pyopneumothorax. Pneumarthrosis (nu-mar-thro/-sis) [Tveijua, air; &p- 6pov, a joint]. A collection of air or gas in an artic- ular cavity. Pneumatelectasis (nu - mat-el- ek/- tas - is) [Tveipua, breath; ate??g, imperfect; Škraotº, expansive]. Atelectasis of the lungs. Pneumathemia (nu-mat/-e'-me-a/.) [Tveiga, air; alga, blood]. The presence of air or free gas in the blood- vessels. Pneumatic (mu-mat/-ić) [tweipla, air]. Pertaining to gases or to the atmosphere; pertaining to respira- tion. P. Cabinet, a device for enclosing the whole or a part of the body so that it may be subjected to Synonym of Synonym 1126 PNEUMATOPHOROUS compressed or rarefied air. P. Differentiation, the treatment of disease by inhalation of air more rarefied than that which surrounds the body. P. Malting. See Malting. P. Medicine, the treatment of disease by inhalation of vapors or gases, or by fumigation. P. Occlusion, Maisonneuve's plan of dressing stumps. It consists in draining away the accumulation from the wound by aspiration. P. Physician, a pneumatist; one of a sect of physicians who regarded health and disease as consisting in the different proportions of an element, pneuma. P. System. See Sewage, AXisposal of P. Trough, a trough partly filled with water for facilitating the collection of gases. Pneumatics (nu-mat/-īās) [Tveilla, air]. That branch of physics treating of the physical properties of air and gases. - Pneumatism (nu/-mat-izm) [Tveipua, air]. The doc- trine of the pneumatists. Pneumatist (nu/-mat-ist) [Tveiſua, air]. physician. Pneumato- (nu/-mat-o-) [Tveijua, air, breath]. fix to denote connection with the air or breath. Pneumatocardia (mu-mat-o-Aar/-de-ah) [Tveijua, air; Kapòia, heart]. The presence of air or gas in the chambers of the heart. Pneumatocephalus (nu-mat-o-sef’-a/-us). of Physocephalus. Pneumatochemia (mu-mat-o-kem/-e-a/.) [Tveijua, air; Ampieia, chemistry]. The chemistry of gases. Pneumatocyst (nu - mat/-o - sist) [Tveipua, air; Küotag, bladder]. In biology, an air-sac ; a pneumatophore. Pneumatocystic (nu-mat-o-sis/-tić) [Tveijua, air; Küo- Tug, bladder]. Pertaining to a pneumatocyst. Pneumatodic (nu-mat-o/-dik) [Tvevuatóómc]. Filled with air. - Pneumatodyspnea (mu-mat-o-disp-me/-ah) [Tveipia, air; 600Twota, dyspnea]. Emphysematous dyspnea. Pneumatogram (nu-mat/-o-gram) [Tveijua, breath ; ypáupua, writing]. A tracing showing the frequency, duration, and depth of the respiratory movements. Pneumatologic (mu - mat-o- lof’- ié) [Tveijua, breath; Żóyog, science]. Pertaining to pneumatology, Pneumatologist (mu - mat -o/-o-jist) [Tveipia, breath; Żóyog, science]. One versed in pneumatology. Pneumatology (nu-mat-o/-0-ſe) [Tveijua, breath; %yoç, knowledge]. I. The science of respiration. 2. The physics and chemistry of gases. Pneumatometer (mu-maſſ-on/-et-er). An instrument designed by Waldenburg to measure the pressure of inspiration or expiration by the force exerted upon a mercuric column contained in a u-tube. Pneumatometry (mu - mat- om/-et-re) [Tveiga, air; Mérpov, measure]. I. The measurement of the force in respiration. It is used as a means of diagnosis. 2. The treatment of pulmonary and circulatory dis- eases by means of a pneumatic apparatus. Pneumatomphalocele (nu-mat-om-ſa/-0-sel) [Tveijua, air; bupañóg, navel; ſºm, tumor]. An umbilical hernia containing flatus. Pneumatomphalus (mu-mat-om/-fal-us). A neumatomphalocele. Pneumatopathy (mu-mat-op/-ath-e) [Tveilla, air, spirit; Táffog, disease]. Mind-cure; the curing of diseases by psychic influence. Pneumatophore (nu-mat/-o-for) [Tveijua, air; påpoç, bear]. In biology, an air-sac, or swim-bladder. The hydrostatic apparatus or specialized person of a Sºphomophora colony. It represents a metamorphosed Medusa umbrella. The contained air can be expelled through a pore, and again secreted by the glandular epithelium at its base. Pneumatophorous (mu-mat-off’-or-us) [Irveipia, air; A pneumatic A pre- Synonym Synonym of PNEUMATORRACHIS döpog, bear]. In biology, bearing a pneumatocyst; pertaining to or like a pneumatophore. , . Pneumatorrachis (nu - mat- or/- a - Ais) [Tveipua, air; báxic, spine]. The presence of air in the spinal canal. Pneumatosic (nu-mat-o/-zić) [Tvevuáragic, inflation]. Affected with pneumatosis. - Pneumatosis (nu-mat-o/-sis) [Twevuárootſ, inflation]. I. The presence of gas or air in abnormal places, or of an excessive quantity where a little exists normally. 2. The condition of flatulent distention of the stomach and bowels. - Pneumatotherapeutics (nu-mat-o-º/her-ap-u/-tiás). See Aérotherapeutics. - Pneumatotherapy (nu-mat-o-ther/-aft-e) [Tveipua, air; . . . 6epatreia, treatment]. The streatment of - diseases by means of compressed or rarefied air. Pneumatothermanter (nu-mat-o-thur-man/-ter) [Tvei- pa, air; 6epplaivetv, to warm.J. A respirator. Pneumatothorax (nze-mat-o-tho/-ražs) [Tveiga, air; 6%pağ, chest]. Synonym of Pneumothorax. Pneumatotomy (nu-mat-of/-o-me). Synonym of Pneu- motomy. . - Pneumaturia (nu-mat-u/-re-ah) [Tveipia, air; oipov, urine]. The evacuation of free gas with the urine. Pneumatype (nze/-mat-if”) [Tveijua, air; titoc, type]. Breath-picture. The deposit formed upon a piece of glass by the moist air exhaled through the nostrils when the mouth is closed. It is employed in the diagnosis of nasal obstruction. Slate-paper may be used, pulverized sulphur or boric acid being blown upon the moistened surface to make a permanent record. ~, Pneumectasis (nu-meš/-tas-is). monectasis. Pneumectomy (nu-me/-to-me) [Tveiptov, lung; Śicrouſ, excision]. Excision of a portion of the lung. Pneumic (mu/-mik) [Tveijuan, the lung]. Pertaining to the lung. P. Acid, a crystalline acid extracted from the pulmonary tissue of mammals. It is thought by Verdeil to be a compound of lactic acid and taurin. Pneumique (mu-mek/) [Fr.]. Pertaining to air. P., Osteoarthropathie hypertrophiante. See Osteo- arthropathy. . Pneumo- (nu/-mo-). Same as Pneumon-. Pneumoactinomycosis (mu-mo-ak-tin-o-mi-Ao’-sis) [tweigov, lung; &Kric, a ray; uíkmg, a fungus]. Acti- nomycosis of the lung. Pneumobacillus (nu-mo-bas-i/-us). See Micrococcus pasteuri and Bacillus pneumonia, in Bacteria, Syno- nymatic Table of Pneumocace (mu - mok/- as-e) [Trveiptov, lung ; Kaká, evil]. Gangrene of the lung. Pneumocarcinoma (mu'-mo-kar-sin-o’-mah) [tveiptov, lung; Kapkivoga, carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the lungs. Pneumocele (mu'-mo-sel). Synonym of Pneumatocele. Pneumocentesis (nu-mo-sen-te/-sis) [Tveijuan), lung ; kévrmouc, puncture]. Paracentesis of the lung, especi- ally of a pulmonary cavity. Pneumochysis (nu-mo/-is-is) [Tveijuan, lung; Aſiatſ, a pouring]. Pulmonary edema. - Pneumococcus (nu-mo-Koź/-us) [Tveiptov, lung; kóickoç, kernell. A micrococcus of the lung. P. of Fraenkel. See Micrococcus pasteuri. P. of Friedländer. See Micrococcus pneumonia, in Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. ***. Pneumoconiosis (nu-mo-ko-mi/-o-sis) [tveipov, lung; kóvuç, dust; vögog, disease]. Lung-disease caused by the inhalation of dust. Examples are: Anthracosis, chalicosis, siderosis. - Pneumocysto-ovarium (nu-mo-sis/-to-o-va/-re-um) [Tysiua, air; Küotic, cyst; ovarium, ovary]. An ovarian cyst containing air orgas. Synonym of Pneu- 1127 PNEUMONECTASIA Pneumoderma, Pneumodermis ſº. - mo - der/- mah, mu-mo-der/-mis) [Tveipia, air; déppa, skin]. Air under the skin; subcutaneous emphysema. Pneumodynamics (nu-mo-di-nam/-iks). Synonym of Aneodynamics. Pneumoënteritis (nu-mo-en-ter-i/-tis) [Tveijuan, lung; ãvrepov, intestine; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lungs and of the intestine. See Hog-cholera. P., Infectious. Synonym of Aſog-cholera. Pneumogastric (mat - mo-'gas/- frið) [Tveiptov, lung ; yaothp, stomach]. Pertaining conjointly to the lungs and the stomach, or to the pneumogastric or vagus nerve. P. Nerve. See AVerves, Zable of. Pneumogram (nu/-mo-gram) [Tveiptov, lung; Ypáppia, writing]. The tracing afforded by the pneumograph. Pneumograph (mu/-mo-graf) [Tveiptov, lung; Ypápetv, to write]. A registering instrument for measuring the movements of the chest in respiration. Pneumographic (mu - mo-'graf’- iſſ) [Tveijuan), lung; ypáðelv, to write]. Pertaining to pneumography. Pneumography (nu-mog/-ra-ſe)[Tveiptov, lung; Ypápetv, to write]. . The description of the lungs. Pneumohemia (nu-mo-hem/-e-ah). Synonym of Pneu- 7/20726/722(2. - Pueumohemothorax (nu-mo-hem-o-ſho’-ražs) [Tveipua, air; alpa, blood; 0ápaś, thorax]. A collection of air or gas, and blood, in the pleural cavity. Pneumohydropericardium (nze - mo - hi-dro-per-ić- ar/-de- um.) [Tveijua, air; ióop, water; Tepi, around ; Kapóta, heart]. An accumulation of air and fluid in the pericardial cavity. Pneumohydrothorax (nu-mo-hi-dro-tho/-raks) [Tveijua, air; ióop, water; 6ópaš, thorax]. A collection of air or gas, and fluid, in the pleural cavity. Pneumokoniosis. See Amezamoconiosis. Pneumolith (nu/-mo-lith) [Tveijuany, lung; Aſbog, a stone]. A stony concretion in the lungs, as a calcified tubercle. Pneumology (nue - mol/- o -je) [Tveipov, lung; 26).og, science]. The sum of scientific knowledge concern- ing the lungs and air-passages. Pneumomalacia (nze-mo-mal-a/-se-ah) [Tveipuav, lung; plazakia, softness]. Abnormal softness of the lung. Pneumomassage (nu-mo-mas-sahzh/) [Tveipia, air; Aldogetv, to knead']. The application of massage or passive motion to the tympanic membrane and audi- tory Ossicles by pneumatic means. Pneumometer (mu-mom/-et-er). Synonym of Spirom- efe?". Pneumometry (nu-mom/-et-re). Same as Spirometry. Pneumomycosis (nu-mo-mi-Ao’-sis) [Tveipuov, lung; pikmg, fungus]. The presence of fungi in the lung. The etiologic relation of fungi to lung-diseases is not fully determined. Pneumon- (mu'-mon-) [Tveigov, lung]. A prefix de- noting connection with or relation to the lungs. Pneumonaemia (nu-mo - ne/- me - ah). See Pneumo- %262%2CZ. Pneumonalgia (nu - mo - na/-je - ah) [Tvetpov, lung; ãAyoc, pain]. Pain in the lung. Pneumonapoplexia(nu-mom-aſ-o-p/eks/-e-ah)[Tveittov, lung; ditot/ſ);ia, apoplexy]. A sudden hemorrhage into the lung-tissue. Pneumonatelectasis (nu-mom-aſ-el-ek/-fas-is)[Tveipov, lung; ate?éktagic, atelectasis]. Atelectasis of the lung. Pneumonechema (nu-mon-ek-e'-mah) [Tveipuov, lung; #xmua, Sound]. The normal vesicular murmur heard over the lung in respiration. Pneumonectasia, Pneumonectasis (nu-mon-ek-ta/- ze-ah, nu-mon-ek'-tas-is) [Irveſ play, lung; Śkraotº, dis- tention]. Emphysema of the lung. PNEUMONECTOMY 1128 Pneumonectomy (nu-mon-ek’-to-me) [Irvsöuov, lung; *KTouff, excision]. Excision of a portion of a lung; pneumectomy. Pneumonedema (nze-mon-e-deſ-mah) [Tvetºuav, lung; oiómua, edema]. Edema of the lungs. Pneumonemia (nze - mon - eſ- me - ah) [Tveipov, lung; alpa, blood]. Congestion of the lungs. Pneumonemphraxis (nu-mon-em-fraks/-īs) [Tveipov, lung; £uppašig, obstruction]. Obstruction of the lungs or the bronchi. Pneumonemphysema (nu - mon - em ºftz -e' - mah) [Tveiptov, lung; Šubüompla, inflation]. Emphysema of the lungs. Pneumonia (nu-mo/-ne-ah). [Tveipov, lung]. Any in- flammation of the lungs. Pneumonitis. By usage the word pneumonia, used without qualification, implies croupous pneumonia, 7. v. P., Abortive, a condition of acute congestion, such as is seen in the first stage of pneumonia, but which is not succeeded by the other stages. P., Acute. Synonym of P., Croupous. P., Adynamic, pneumonia attended with debility, depres- sion of the circulation and of the nervous system. P. alba. Synonym of P., White. P., Alcoholic, the croupous pneumonia of drunkards. It is often associated with delirium and is very fatal. P., Apex, P., Apical, croupous pneumonia of the apex of a lung, by some believed to be more grave than basal pneumonia; many cases, however, run a favorable course. Cerebral symptoms are said to be more com- mon when the apex is affected. P., Apoplectic, pneumonia associated with hemorrhage into the lung. P., Aspiration, a broncho-pneumonia due to the inspiration of food-particles or other irritant substances into the lung. The condition is met with in cases in which the sensitiveness of the larynx and trachea is benumbed, as in apoplectic coma or uremia, and in low fevers; also in the insane from stuffing of the mouth with food and in defective deglutition. P., Ataxic. Synonym of P., Adynamic. P., Bilious, pneumonia accompanied by icterus. P., Broncho-. See Bron- cho-pneumonia. P., Caseous Lobular. Synonym of P., Desquamative. P., Catarrhal. Synonym of Aroncho-pneumonia. P., Central, a croupous pneu- monia beginning in the interior of the lobe of the lung. The physical signs are obscure until the in- flammation reaches the surface. P., Cerebral, that form of pneumonia associated with marked cerebral symptoms. It is most common in children and in the beginning resembles meningitis. P., Cheesy. Synonym of P., Caseous. P., Chronic. Synonym of P., Zn/erstiția/. P., Cirrhotic. Synonym of P., Interstitial. P., Contusion, pneumonia follow- ing contusion of the chest. P., Creeping. See P., Migratory. P., Crossed, croupous pneumonia of the lower lobe on one side, associated with the same disease in the upper lobe of the other side. P., Croupous, Zobar Pneumonia, that commonly called simply prleumonia, an acute dis- ease, running a definite course and tending to re- covery. It is most often due to a specific micro- organism, the pneumococcus of Fraenkel, and may be epidemic in certain districts. But besides the pneu- mococcus, of Fraenkel, which is really a lanceolate bacillus occurring in pairs, other microörganisms can give rise to croupous pneumonia, e.g., the bacillus pneumoniae of Friedländer, the streptococcus and the staphylococcus pyogenes, the bacillus of typhoid fever. The disease occurs more frequently during the winter months, and in males than in females. The lower lobes are the parts usually affected, and especially that of the right side. The apex, however, may be the part involved, especially in children. Occasion- PNEUMONIA ally a double or bilateral pneumonia is encountered, both lower lobes or both apices being involved. The disease is ushered in by a chill, followed by high fever, flushed cheeks, dry, coated tongue, rapid, shal- low respiration, and pain in the affected side. More or less cough is present, and there is usually the characteristic bloody or rusty expectoration. The respirations are rapid, and quite a characteristic feature is the disturbance of the pulse-respiration ratio— instead of 4 to I, it may be 3 to I, or 2 to I, i. e., we may have a pulse of 84 and respirations 42, or even more. The physical signs are distinctive—im- mobility of the affected portion of the chest, increased tactile fremitus, dulness on percussion (rarely a peculiar wooden tympany), a fine, crepitant rāle in the first stage, bronchial breathing and bronchophony in the second, to which moist rales are added when resolution begins. In nearly every case there is an associated plastic pleurisy, which is responsible for the pain. It may give rise to a friction-sound. The urine is high-colored and deficient in chlorids, the bowels sluggish. A crisis usually occurs on the seventh day. The anatomic change consists in the appearance of a firm or solid exudation in the pulmonary alveoli. The disease proceeds through the following stages: I. Congestion, in which there is intense congestive hyper- emia. 2. Red Hepatization, in which the lung is bulky, heavy, firm, and airless, and its surface granular, its red tint being due to extravasated corpuscles and distended capillaries. 3. Gray Aſepatization, due to the degen- eration of the exudate and anemia from compression of the capillaries. In the majority of cases resolution takes place and the lung returns to its previous condi- tion. P., Deglutition. Symonym of P., Aspiration. P., Desquamative, a form characterized chiefly by an intense desºluamation of the cells lining the air-vesicles, a proliferation of the connective-tissue cells of the septa between the vesicles, and the exudation of a scanty albuminous fluid. The exudate goes on to caseous degeneration. Three sub-varieties are described : the lobular form, the conſuent, or lobar, and the bronchial, or caseous broncho-pneumonia. The cause of the disease is, in the majority of cases, the tubercle-bacillus. P., Dissecting, a suppurative in- flammation extending along the interlobular and peri- bronchial tissues. P., Double, croupous pneumonia of both lungs. P., Drunkards’. Synonym of P., Alcoholic. P., Embolic, pneumonia due to embolism of the vessels of the lung. P., Epithelial. Synonym of P., Desquamative. P. epizoötica, pneumonia of animals. P., Erysipelatous, a severe pneumonia, usually migratory, occurring in connection with, or after exposure to erysipelas, and apparently influenced by that disease. P., Fibrinous. See P., Croupous. P., Fibroid, P., Fibrous. Synonym of P., Inter- stitial. P., Food, a form of inspiration-pneumonia, q. v. P., Gangrenous, gangrene of the lung. P., Gouty, pneumonia developing in a gouty subject. P., Grippal. See P., Zn/luenza/. P., Hemor- rhagic. See Hemorrhagic. P., Hypostatic, a pneu monia, generally lobular, occurring in the debilitated and those suffering from other diseases. It usually affects the lower posterior portions of the lung, and is dependent upon the dorsal decubitus, the weak circulation, and the inspiration of food and other particles. Section of the vagus nerve in animals also gives rise to this form of pneumonia, because the paralysis of the air-passages favors the aspiration of foreign matters. P., Influenzal, a peculiar condition of the lung observed in association with influenza. There appears to be a failure of function due to pneu- moparesis. There may also be inflammation of croup- PNEUMONIA ous or catarrhal type. P., Insular. Synonym of P., JCobular. P., Intermittent. Synonym of P., Bilious. P., Interstitial, Acute, inflammation of the intersti- tial tissues of the lung, sometimes terminating in Sup- puration. P., Interstitial, Chronic, cirrhosis of the Zung; a chronic inflammation of the lung, characterized by an increase of the interstitial connective tissue. It may be a termination of acute croupous pneumonia or of pulmonary tuberculosis; it may follow broncho- pneumonia ; in some cases it is due to extension of a chronic inflammation from the pleura, the so-called pleurogenous interstitial pneumonia, finally, pneumo- nokoniosis is a form of interstitial pneumonia. Cirrhosis of the lung is often associated with bronchiectasis. P., Larval, a term given in epidemics of pneumonia to those cases that present only some of the initial symp- toms of the disease, slight chill, moderate fever, and a few indefinite local signs. P., Latent, one in which the physical signs are obscure or wanting. P., Lobar. Synonym of P., Croupous. P., Lobular. Synonym of Broncho-pneumonia and P., Catarrhal. P., Malarial. Synonym of P., Bilious. P. maligna. Synonym of P., Septic. P. malleosa, pneumonia due to the glanders-bacillus. It is a broncho-pneumonia as a rule, but may assume a lobar form or manifest itself as multiple abscesses. P., Massive, one in which not only the air-cells, but the bronchi of an entire lobe, or even of a lung, are filled with the fibrin- ous exudate. The auscultatory physical signs are wanting; percussion yields an absolutely flat note. The condition simulates pleurisy with effusion. P. migrans, P., Migratory, a peculiar and well-recog- nized form, involving one lobe after the other. It seems occasionally to be in some way associated with erysipelas. Synonym of P., Creeping, P., Wandering. P., Necrotic, Goodhart’s name for the non-tubercu- lous variety of pulmonary disorganization sometimes occurring in diabetic patients. The disease is charac- terized by rounded patches at the apex or base of the lung, the size of a hazel-nut or larger, in which a cavity rapidly forms containing a central slough. P. notha. Synonym of Capillary Bronchitis. P., Periodic. Synonym of P., Bilious. P., Phreno-, pneumonia associated with diaphragmitis. P., Plastic. Synonym of P., Croupous. P., Pleuritic. Synonym of Pleuro- Aneumonia. P., Pleurogenic, P., Pleurogenous, a pneumonia secondary to disease of the pleura. P. potatorum. Synonym of P., Drunkards’. P., Puru- lent: this appears in three varieties: (1) the suppura- tion may involve the surfaces of the minute bronchi and air-vesicles—purulent catarrh, (2) there may be a true abscess of the lung; (3) there may be a sup- purative lymphangitis and perilymphangitis. The causes of purulent pneumonia are: the aspiration of matters containing pyogenic microörganisms—this pro- ducing the first or second form ; an abscess may result from the lodgment in the lung of a septic embolus, derived often from a focus of purulent phlebitis; from traumatism ; from chronic diseases of the lung, especially tuberculosis with cavity-formation ; from extension of suppuration from neighboring organs, as from empyema or hepatic abscess. P., Pytho- genic, a contagious form rising under miasmatic influences. P., Scrofulous, an old name for P., Caseous Zobular. P., Secondary, that occurring as a complication of some preéxistent disease. P., Senile, the broncho-pneumonia of the aged ; it may be due, in part at least, to inability to expectorate the phlegm that collects in the smaller bronchi, P., Septic, a lobular pneumonia due to the inspiration of septic material. It may also be caused by septic emboli. In the new-born it is usually due to the aspiration of 1129 PNEUMONOKONIOSIS the maternal fluids during labor. P., Septinous, P., Sewer-gas, a pneumonia following the inhalation of sewer-gas. P. serosa, edema of the lungs. P., Stripe [G. Streifempneumonie], a pneumonia, in which the affected area has the form of a band or stripe, usually running parallel with the spinal gutter. P., Syphilitic; disease of the lung due to syphilis is rare. Three forms are usually described—the pneu- monia alba of the fetus (q.v.); the deposit of gum- mata in the lung; and an interstitial pneumonia, taking its origin at the root of the lung and passing along the bronchi and vessels. French writers also speak of an acute syphilitic phthisis, analogous to acute pneumonic phthisis. P., Traumatic, pneu- monia following injury of the lung; also that consecu- tive to section of the vagus nerves. P., Tuber- culous, a lobular or lobar inflammation of the lung due to the tubercle-bacillus. P., Tubular. Syn- onym of Broncho-pneumonia. P., Typhoid, a pneumonia with the symptoms of the typhoid state. It . is to be distinguished from Pneumo-typhus. P., Vagus, that produced by section of the vagus nerves. P., Wandering, a form of pneumonia in which different portions of the lung present different stages of the pneumonic process. It seems, according to Guitéras, to be in some way associated with erysipelas. P., White, a catarrhal form of pneumonia occurring in a syphilitic fetus and resulting in death. By an over- growth of epithelium in the air-vesicles the lung dies, and fatty degeneration follows, giving the lungs a dead-white appearance, with the imprint of the ribs on their surface. Pneumonic (nu-mon/-ić) [Tveitſov, lung]. Pertaining to the lungs or to pneumonia. P. Phthisis, tuber- culous pneumonia of the lungs. P. Spot, the cir- cumscribed flush of the cheek in croupous pneumonia. Pneumonicula (nu-mon-ić/-z-Zah) [Tveiptov, lung]. A slight inflammation of the lung. Pneumonique (nu-mom/-ek) [Fr.]. lung. Pneumonitic (nu-mon-iº/-ić) [Tveiptov, lung; tric, in- flammation]. Pertaining to or affected with pneu- monitis. Pneumonitis (nu-mon-i/-tis) [Tveipov, lung; flammation]. Pneumonia. Pneumono- (nu-mon/-o) [Tveipuſov, lung]. A prefix denoting connection with or relation to the lungs. Pneumonoblenozemia (mu-mon-o-blen-o-ze/-me-ah) [Tveiptov, lung; 8%évva, mucus; muía, loss]. Pul- monary blennorrhea. Pneumonocace (nu - mon - ok’- as - e.) [Tveituav, lung; Kakóc, evil]. Gangrene of the lung. Pneumonocarcinoma (nut - mon - o - AEar- sin- o'- mah) [Tveittov, lung ; Kapkivſopia, carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the lung. Pneumonocatarrhus (mu-mon-o-kat-ar/-us). Synonym of AErzeumonia, Catarrhal. - Pneumonocele (mu-mon/-o-se/) | Treiptov, lung; Kiyām, tumor, hernia]. Hernia of the lung. Pneumonocholosis (nu-mon-o-Ko/-o/-sis). of P., Bilious. Pneumonochysis (nu-mon-ok'-is-is) [Tveigov, lung; złowſ, a pouring]. Edema of the lungs. Pneumonocirrhosis (nu-mon-o-sir-o’-sis) [Tvetuan, lung; kibbóç, yellowish]. Cirrhosis of the lung, in- terstitial pneumonia. Pneumonodynia (nu-mon-o-dim/-e-a/.) [Tveipov, lung; ôöövm, pain]. Pain referred to the lungs. Pneumonoedema (nu-mon-e-deſ-mah). See Pneumon- edema. Pneumonokoniosis (mu-mon-o-kom-e-o/-sis) [Tveiuov, lung; Kovia, dust; v6oog, disease]. A general term Pertaining to the (Tug, in- Synonym PNEUMONOLITH indicating chronic disease of the lungs due to the inhalation of dust. Various names have been devised denoting the kind of dust causing the inflammation: anthracosis, or coal-miner's disease; siderosis, due to inhalation of metallic dust; chalicosis, due to inhala- tion of mineral dust. The dust-particles, when they can no longer be disposed of by the natural protective agencies of the lungs, find their way into the peri- bronchial and peri-arterial lymph-spaces, where they set up an inflammation. This is characterized by a marked tendency to fibroid change, manifesting itself in the formation of hard, indurated nodules of various size. The lungs always present evidences of chronic bronchitis, usually also of emphysema, and, in many cases, of tuberculosis. The fibroid areas may soften and break down, forming the so-called ulcers of the lung. The softening may be due to tuberculosis, but sometimes it is not. Pneumonolith (nu-mon/-o-lith). mzo/ith. Pneumonolithiasis (nu-mon-o-lith-i/-as-is) [Tveipov, lung; Wiffog, stone]. The formation of pneumoliths. Pneumonomalacia (nze-mon-o-ma/-a/-se-ah). Synonym of Pneumomalacia. Pneumonomelanosis (nu-mon-o-me/-an-o/-sis) [Tvet- plov, lung; ué%aç, black; v6oog, disease]. Anthraco- sis of the lung. Pneumonometer (mu-mon-om/-et-er). Spirometer. Pneumonomycosis (nu-mon-o-mi-Ao’-sis). Amenemomycosis. Pneumonoparalysis (nu-mon-o-par-a/-is-is.) [Tveipuſov, lung; TapáWvotç, paralysis]. Paralysis of the lung. Pneumonopathia (mu - mon - o -pa/-the-ah) [Tveipov, lung; Tāffoc, disease]. Any disease of the lung. Pneumonophlebitis (nu-mom-o://e6-i/-täs) [Irveillov, lung; ºël, vein; trug, inflammation]. Inflamma- tion of the pulmonary veins. Pneumonophthisis (nu - more - off’- this - is) [Tveipuov, lung; p?iotç, a wasting]. A destructive process in the lungs. Pneumonophyseter (nu - mon -o-fi - se/-ter) [Tveipov, lung; ºvomtāp, blowpipel. An apparatus for inflating the lungs. Synonym of Pneu- Synonym of Same as Pneumonopleuritis (nu-mon-o-plu-ri'-tis). Synonym of Pleuropneumonia. Pneumonoptysis (nu - mon - op/- £is - is). Synonym of Aemoptysis. Pneumonorrhagia (nu - mon - or- a/-je - ah) [Tveipov, lung; bºyvíval, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the lungs. Pneumonorrhea (nu-mon-or-e'-ah) [Tvetºpov, lung; bota, a flow]. A chronic mucous discharge from the lung; also small, oft-repeated hemorrhages from the lungs. Pneumonosaprosis (nu-mon-o-sop-ro/-sis). of Pneumonocace. Pneumonoscirrhus (nu-mon-o-skir/-us)[Tveiptov, lung; akthbóg, hard]. Induration of the lung, associated with bronchiectasis, Pneumonosepsis (nu-mon-o-se/-sis) [Tveipuov, lung; off pug, putrefaction]. Septic inflammation of the lung. Pneumonosis (nu-mon/-o-sis) [Tveillov, lung; vöoog, disease]. Any affection of the lungs. Pneumonospasmos (nu-mon-o-spaz/-mos). of As4//wwa. Pneumonostenosis (nu-mon-o-sten-o’-sis). [Tweiſuſov, lung; orévootſ, contraction]. Contraction of a lung. Pneumonosyrinx (nu-mon-o-si/-ringás)[Tveipuſov, lung; oiptvé, pipe). A fistula of the lung; also, a syringe for making injections into the lung. Synonym also of Aneumonophyseter- Synonym Synonym 1130 PNEUMOSKELETAL Pneumonotelectasis (nu-mon-o-tel-ek/-tas-is)[Trveſ pov, lung; tāoc, completion; £ktaatc, dilatation]. Ad- vanced emphysema of the lung. Pneumonotomy (nu - mon - ot/-o - me). Pneumotomy. Pneumony (nu-mo/-ne). Synonym of Pneumonia. Pneumonyperpathia (nu-mon-i-per-pa/-the-ah) [Tvei- plow, lung; itép, in excess; Tábog, disease]. A grave disease of the lung. Pneumonypostasis (nu-mon-i-pos/-tas-is). of Pneumonia, A'ypostatic. Pneumoparesis (nu - mo-par/- es - is) [Tveipov, lung; Tápéoug, paresis]. Progressive congestion of the lungs apparently depending on vaso-motor deficiency or. Other fault of innervation; ... simple respiratory. failure. Pneumopathy (nu-mop/-ath-e). nopathia. Pneumopericarditis (nu-mo-per-ik-ar-di/-tis) [Tveipua, air; Tepi, about; Kapòia, heart; trug, inflammation]. Pericarditis with the formation of gas in the pericar- dial sac. - Pneumopericardium (mu-mo-per-ik-ar/-de-um)[Tveijua, air; trept, about; ſcapóta, heart]. The presence of gas in the pericardial sac. It is due to traumatism, or to communication between the pericardium and the esophagus, stomach, or lungs. It is marked by tympanitic resonance over the precordial region, metallic rhythmic gurglings, and friction-sounds. Pneumoperitonitis (nu-mo-per-it-on-i/-tis) [Tveijua, air; teputóvatov, peritoneum; trug, inflammation]. Peritonitis with the presence of gas in the peritoneal cavity. Pneumophthalmos (nu-moff-tha/-mos) [Tveiſua, air; àpffažpióg, eye). The presence of air within the eye. Pneumophthisis (mu - moſ’- this - is) [Tveillov, lung; pfliotç, wasting]. A destructive process in the lung. Pneumophyma (nu-moºft/-mah) [Tveipuov, lung; bipla, growth : pl., Pneumophymata]. A tubercle of the lung. Pneumophymia (nze - mo -fi/- me - ah) [Tvetpov, lung; pºpua, growth.J. Tuberculosis of the lung. Pneumophyses (nu-mosſ,’-sez) [Tveilua, air; pietv, to produce; piectal, to grow]. In biology, two mem- branous sacs, always more or less filled with air, connected with the reproductive organs of the drone- bee. In repose they are bent and flattened, but when swollen they become hard and resistant, and take the form of divergent horns, which, as they expand in undergoing eversion, pass into and fill the bursa copu- latrix of the queen. (Cheshire.) Pneumopleuritis (nu-mo-plu-ri/-tis) [Tveipuov, lung; TAewpá, pleura ; trug, inflammation]. Conjoined in- flammation of the lungs and pleura. Pneumopyopericardium (mu/-mo-pi/-o-per-ik-ar/-de- um) [Tveipua, air; Tijov, pus; Tepi, about; kapóia, heart]. The presence of air or gas and pus in the pericardial sac. Pneumopyothorax (mu/-mo-pi/-o-º/o/-raks) [Tveiſua, air; Trijov, pus; 6ópaš, chest]. The presence of air and pus in the cavity of the thorax. Pneumor (nu/-mor) [Tveipua, air; amor, love]. Desire for air, or to breathe. Pneumorrhagia (nut-mor-a/-je-ah). See Hemoptysis. Pneumoscope (mu'-mo-sköp). Synonym of Pneumo- graph. Pneumoserothorax (mu/-mo-se/-ro-tho'-ražs) [Tveijua, air; serum, serum; 0ópaš, chest]. The presence of air or gas and serum in the pleural cavity. Pneumosis (mu-mo/-sis). Same as Pneumonosis. Pneumoskeletal (mu-mo-ske/-et-a/) [Tveipuov, lung; oke?etóv, a dry body]. Pertaining to a pneumo- skeleton. Synonym of Synonym Synonym of Pneumo- PNEUMOSKELETON Pneumoskeleton (nu-mo-ske/-et-on) [Tveijuan, lung; okéâeróv, a dry body]. In biology, a skeletal struc- ture developed in connection with a respiratory Organ. Pneumotherapeutic (nu-mo-ther-ap-u/-tié) [Tveiſua, air; 6epareia, treatment]. Pertaining to pneumo- therapy. Pneumotherapeutics (nu-mo-ther-ap-u/-tiâs). nym of Pneumotherapy. Pneumotherapy (nu-mo-ther’-aft-e) [Tveijua, air, or Tvetpov, lung; 6epaireia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases of the lung. Synonym of Pneumato/herapy. Pneumothorax (nu-mo-tho/-raks) [Tveipua, air; 6ópaš, chest]. Distention of the pleural cavity with air or gas. This condition may be due to traumatism or to communication between the pleural cavity and some one of the air-containing organs. It is not rare as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, following rupture of a cavity. It is marked by dyspnea, shock, pain, a tympanitic (sometimes a dull) percussion-note over the affected side, displacement of the heart, bell- tympany, and diminished respiratory murmur. If there be also serum or liquid present, as is likely to be the case unless death ensue rapidly, the condition is called Aydro-pneumothorax, or pneumothorax with effusion. P. by Occlusion, a condition in which there is no ap- parent communication between the air in the pleural cavity and the external atmosphere. P., Patent, a term used when the opening through which the air has entered the pleura is free and unobstructed. P. sub- phrenicus, pneumothorax due to perforation of the diaphragm. P., Valvular, a term used when the opening possesses a valvular character. Pneumotomy (nu-mot/-o-me) [Trvéüpıov, lung; touń, a cutting]. I. Surgical incision of the lung. 2. The anatomy, or dissection, of the lung. Pneumotoxin (nu-mo-toks/-īn) [Tveipuov, lung; tośtków, a poison]. Klemperer's term for a poisonous albuminoid body produced by the pneumococcus, and which, when introduced into the circulation of an animal causes elevation of temperature. Subsequently there is produced in the body a substance, antipneumotoxin, which possesses the power of neutralizing the poison which is formed by the bacteria. Pneumotuberculum (nu-mo-tu-ber/-Au-lum) [Tveipuov, lung; tuberculum, tubercle]. A tubercle of the lung. Pneumo-typhoid (nu - mo - ti/- foid). Synonym of Pneumo-typhus. Pneumo-typhus (nu-mo-ti/-fus) [I'veūplov, lung; tipog, typhus]. A term given to those cases of typhoid fever that begin with a definite pneumonia dependent upon the typhoid-bacillus. Pneuobiomantia (mu-o-bi-o-man/-she-ah). Pneusiobiognosis. Pneusiobiognosis (nu-ze-o-bi-og-no/-sis) [Tveiotç, a blowing; 3ioc, life; Yvāoug, knowledge]. Docimasia pulmonum, 7. v. Pneusis (nu/-sis) [Tveiv, to breathe]. Respiration. P. pertussis. Synonym of Whooping-cough. Pneusometer (nu-som/-et-er). Synonym of Spirometer. Pnigalion (ni-ga/-le-on) [Tvlyaxiov; Tviyev, to choke]. Nightmare; incubus. Pnigma (nig’-mah) [Irviyetv, to choke]. tion. Pnigophobia (ni-go-fo/-be-ah) [Irviyetv, to choke; pó80g, fear]. The fear of choking that sometimes accom- panies angina pectoris. - Pnigos, Pnix, Pnixis (mi’-gos, miás, nižs/-īs). Syno- nyms of Pnigma. Pock (poł)[D., pok, a little pouch]. A pustule of an erup- tive fever, especially of smallpox. P., Black. Syn- onym of Black Smallpox. P.-broken, marked with Syno- Same as Strangula- 1131 PODENCEPHALUS smallpox. P., Diphtheric, in smallpox, a pock the seat of coagulation-necrosis with the production of a whitish membrane. P.-hole, P.-mark, the pit left by the smallpox pustule. P., Horn. Synonym of Variola verrucosa. P.-house, a smallpox hospital. P.-marked, marked with the cicatrices of the small- pox-pustule. P., Master, a large pock seen in some cases of smallpox, and which resembles the pustule of inoculation-smallpox. P.-pitted. Synonym of Pock- marked. P., Stone, an obselete term for an acne- pustule. Pocked (poſéé) [D., poé, a little pouch]. marked with pustules. Pocket (poſé/-et) [ME., pocket, a pocket]. In anat- omy, a blind sac, or sac-shaped cavity; the abdominal cavity of certain fish. A diverticulum communicating with a cavity. Pocketing (poé/-et-ing) [ME., pocket, a pocket]. A name given by Storer to a mode of treating the pedicle in the operation of ovariotomy. It is accom- plished by bringing the extremity of the pedicle between the inner lips of the incision, at its lower angle, thus securing its attachment to the raw surface of the abdominal wall. Pocky (poé'-e) [D., poé, a little pouch]. Having pocks or pustules; infected with variola or syphilis. Poculiform (poé/-ul-lif-orm) [?oculum, cup ; forma, form]. In biology, deeply cup-shaped, goblet-shaped. Poculum (poé/-u-ſum) [L.]. A teacup. P. Diogenis [Diogenes' cup]. The hollow of the hand. Pod [origin obscure]. In biology, a more or less elongated cylindric seed-vessel. Podagra (pod-a/-grah) [Toig, foot; &ypa, seizure]. Gout, especially of the great toe or the joints of the foot. P. aberrans, retrocedent gout. Podagral (pod-a/-gral). Same as Podagric. Podagric (pod-a/-grié) [toic, foot; &ypa, seizure]. Gouty. Podagrism (pod/-ag-rizm) [Toíg, foot; āypa, seizure]. Goutiness. Podagrous (pod-a/-grus). Synonym of Podagric. Podalgia (pod-a/-je-ah) [Totic (gen. Todóc), foot; âWyog, pain]. Pain in the foot. Podalic (pod-a/-ä) [Totic, foot]. Pertaining to the feet. P. Version, in obstetrics, the operation of changing the position of the fetus in utero so as to bring the feet to the outlet. Podanencephalia (pod-an-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [Toíg, foot; à priv.; $vyképažog, headless]. Anencephalia with a pedunculated head. Podarthral (pod-ar/-thral) [Troic, foot; joint]. Pertaining to the podarthrum. Podarthritis (pod-ar-thri/-tis) [Toig, foot; ip6pov, joint; trug, inflammation]. Gouty inflammation of the joints of the feet. Podarthrocace (pod-ar-thro/-as-e) [Toíg, foot; apfloow, joint; Kakóc, evil]. Caries of the articulations of the feet. Podarthrum (pod-ar’-thrum) [Toíg, foot; apópov, a joint: pl., Podarthra). In biology, the foot-joint or metatarso-phalangeal articulation. Podedema (pod-e-deſ-mah) [Totic, foot; oiómua, edema]. Edema of the foot. Podelcoma, Podelkoma (pod-c/-ko’-ma/). See Fengars. ſoof. Podencephalia (Aod-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [Toic, foot; 3) Ké. Öahog, brain]. The condition present in a poden- cephalus. Podencephalus (pod-en-sef’-a/-us) [Totic, foot; Sykšq- ažoc, brain]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species exencephalus, in which there is a pro- trusion of the cranial contents from the top of the Pitted; ăp{}pov, a IPODETIIFORM head, the tumor assuming a pedunculated character. There is usually a considerabie degree of hydro- cephalus present. 1132 Podetiiform (pod - e - te’- if-orm) [Towg, foot; forma, form]. Resembling a podetium. Podetium (pod-e'-she-um) [toic, a foot]. In biology, the stalk of an apothecium in lichens or a fruit-stalk in Alžarchantia. Podex (po/-deks) [podex, the anus: £7, Podices]. biology, the rump, uropygium, or pygidium. Podical (pod/-ić-al) [podex, the anus]. Pertaining to the podex. Podismus (pod-iz/-mus) [Troötſelv, to measure by feet]. Spasm of the muscles of the foot. Podite (pod/-it) [Towg, foot]. In biology, the limb of a crustacean, usually seven-jointed. Cf., Endopodite, Axopodite, Epipodite, Basipodite, Coxopodite, Dactylo- podite, Ischiopodite, Meropodite. Poditic (po-dit/-ić) [Touc, foot]. Pertaining to a podite. Podium (po’-de-um) [Tóðtov, a little foot; pl., Podia]. In biology, the foot or supporting organ. Commonly used in compounds, as /l/onopodium, Sympodium, Aropodium, Aſesopodium, Metapodium, AEpipodium. Podobranchia (pod - o - brang’-ke-ah) [Towg a foot ; 6páyºta, gills: Żl., Podobranchiae]. In biology, a branchial plume or foot-gill ; a respiratory organ of crustaceans attached to the coxa. Podobranchial (pod-o-brang/-/*e-a/) [Towg, foot; 3páy- rta, gills]. Pertaining to a podobranchia. - Podobranchiate (pod - o - brang/- Áe - at) [toic, foot; Bpáyyua, gills]. In biology, provided with podo- branchiae. Podobromhidrosis (pod-o-bröm-hid-ro/-sis) [Towg, foot; Boöſtog, stench ; iópég, sweat]. Offensive sweating of the feet. Podocace (po-do/-as-e). Synonym of Podarthrocace. Podocephalous (pod-o-sef’-al-us) [Toig (Toë-), foot; Kępañff, head]. In biology, applied to a head of flowers when borne upon a distinct stalk. Pododynia (pod-o-dim/-e-ah) [Totº, foot; 66inſm, pain]. Pain in the foot, and especially in the sole of the foot; the word is now usually limited to painful heel, a neuralgic condition about the heel, attended with little or no swelling, no discoloration, and no affection of the joints. The pains are very severe, though often limited to a very small area. It may be associated with rheumatism or gout, and with certain occupations requiring much standing. Podoedema (pod-e-de/-mah). See Podedema. Podogyn, Podogynium (po'-do-jin, po-do-jin'-e-um) [troſc, foot; yºnſ, female ; pl., Podogynia]. See Gynophore and Basigynium. Podology (pod-o/-o-je) [Totº, foot; Wóyoc, science]. The anatomy and physiology, etc., of the foot. Podophthalmic, Podophthalmous (pod-off-tha/-mié, pod-off-tha/-mus) [Toíc, foot; bºtažuóg, eye). Hay- ing the eye fixed at the end of a projecting, movable stalk, as in crustaceans. Podophthalmite (pod-off-tha/-mit) [toic, foot; 6,6a7- póc, eye). In biology, the distal of two joints of the eye-stalk or ophthalmite of a stalk-eyed crustacean, as distinguished from the basiophthalmite. Podophyllic (pod-o-fi/-ić) [Troic, foot; biºov, leaf J. Derived from podophyllin. P. Acid, a resinous, amorphous substance, found in the podophyllin of COmnſlerCe. Podophyllin (pod-o-fi/-īn). See Podophyllum. Podophyllitis (pod-o-ſil- (-(is) ſtoic, foot; 09%), leaf; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the podo- phyllous tissues of the hoof. Podophyllotoxin (pod-o-ſ/-o-toks/ in) ſtoic, foot; pížov, leaf; Tošikóv, poison]. The principal ac- In POIKILOCYTE tive constituent of the resin of podophyllum. It is a white, amorphous resin, very poisonous, soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, slightly so in water. Podophyllous (pod-o-fi/-us) [Totic, foot; biºov, leaf). In biology, pertaining to the laminated tissues of the foot, as those inside the hoof; having compressed, leaf-like feet. - Podophyllum (pod-o-fi/-um) [Toíg, foot; piºov, leaf). May-apple. The root of mandrake, P. peltatum. It contains podophyllin, and this a poisonous material, podophyllotoxin. It is a tonic astringent, cholagogue, and purgative, and is apt to produce nausea. It is re- commended in remittent fever, bilious vomiting, and malarial jaundice. Dose of the root gr. v-xx; of the resin, podophyllin, gr. 9%—j. P., Abstract. Dose gr. 4—j. Unof. P., Ext. Dose gr. j–v. P., Ext., Fld. Dose mij–xx. P., Tinct. (B.P.) Dose muxv–3.j. Podorrheumatism (pod-or-ru/-mat-izm) [toic, foot; beipia, flux]. Rheumatism of the foot. Podoscaph (pod/-o-skaſ) [Toíg, foot; okájoç, a ship]. In biology, a hollow, skiff-like member attached to the foot of certain water birds. - Podosperm, Podospermium (pod/- o - sperm, pod- o – sper/-me-um) [Toíg, foot; otépua, seed]. In biology, the stalk of an ovule or seed. See Auzzicle. Podostomatous (pod-o-sto/-mat-us) [Totº, foot; otóua, mouth]. In biology, having foot-like mouth-parts. Podotheca (pod-o-the-kah) [Toíg, foot; 0#km, sheath : pl., Podothecae]. In biology: (a) the envelop of the legs and feet of a bird; (b) the covering of a leg in the pupa of an insect. Podotrochilitis (pod-o-trož-iſ-i/-tis) [Totº, foot; Tpox{- Žia, pulley; trug, inflammation]. Aſavicular disease; an inflammatory disease of the fore-foot in the horse, involving the synovial sheath between the sesamoid or navicular bone of the third phalanx and the flexor per- forans muscle over it. Podwyssozki's Theory of Inflammation. See under Theory. Podyperidrosis (po-di-per-id-ro/-sis) [toic, foot; itép, over; idpoolç, sweating]. Excessive sweating of the feet. Poecilia (pe-siſ/-e-ah). Same as Achroma. Poecilocyte (pe/-sil-o-sif). See Poikilocyte. Poecilocytosis (pe-siſ-o-si-to/-sis). See Poikilocytosis. Poecilomelasma (pe-sil-o-me/-a2/-mah) [Totki%0ç, va- ried; ué%aopia, livid spot]. Synonym of Gangrene, Sezzzle. Poecilonym (pe/-sil-o-mim) [Totkłżoç, various; 6vvua, a name]. In biology, one of many onyms or technical names for the same part. Poeciloperissoma (pe-sil-o-per-is-o'-mah) [TolkiWog, varied; tepfooolla, superabundance]. An excessive growth of heterogeneous tissues. Pogoniasis (po-go-mi/-as-is.) [Tóyov, beard]. Exces- sive growth of the beard; growth of beard in a WOIſlan. Pogoniate (ſo-go/-me-ãf) ſtroyoviármº, bearded]. biology, webbed; bearded. - Pogonium (po-go/-me-um) [Tóyov, beard]. A small beard ; also, the web of a feather. - Pogonology (po-go-mo/-o-je) [Tóyov, beard; Wöyoc, science]. Description of the beard. Pogonotrophy (po-gon-of/-ro-fe) [Tóyov, beard; Tpoſph, nourishment.T. Nutrition of the beard. Poikiloblast | poi/-Ai/-o-blast). See Corpuscle. Poikilocyte (poi/-kil-o-sit) [Totkīāoc, varied; Kūroc, cell]. A large, irregularly shaped red blood-corpus- cle. Poikilocytes are most abundant in the blood in pernicious anemia, but also occur in other forms of anemia. In POIKILOCYTHEMIA 1133 Poikilocythemia (poi-kil-o-si-the'-me-ah) [ºrotki%0g, varied; kirog, cell; alpa, blood]. The presence of poikilocytes in the blood. Poikilocytosis (poi-kil-o-si-to/-sis) [Totkūog, varied ; kitoc, cell]. A condition of the blood marked by ir- regularity in the shape of the red corpuscles; it occurs prečminently in pernicious anemia, but also in other forms of anemia. Poikilothermal (poi - Ail-o-ther/- mal). Synonym of Aoiáz/othermaic. - Poikilothermic (poi-kil-o-ther/-mić) [Totkiäoç, varied; tºppim, heat]. Varying in temperature according to the surroundings. A term applied to cold-blooded animals, the temperature of which adapts itself easily to their environment. Point [ME., point, a point]. The sharp end of an ob- ject; in the mathematic sense, that which has position but no dimensions. P., Alveolar, the central point in the lower margin of the upper alveolar arch. P. apophysaire, P., Apophyseal, a name given by Trousseau to a tender spot over the spinous process of a vertebra, which, in neuralgic affections, corresponds to the origin of the nerve involved. P., Auricular, in craniometry, the center of the external auditory meatus. P., Boiling, the degree of temperature at which a liquid passes into the vaporous state with ebullition. P., Cardinal, in optics, one of the six points that determine the direction of the rays enter- ing or emerging from a series of refracting media. P., Cardinal, of Capuron. See Pelvis. P., Cra- niometric. See Crazziometric Points. P., Critical (of gases), a temperature at or above which a gas can- not be liquefied by pressure alone. Different gases have different, but fixed critical points. P., Critical (of liquids), that temperature at which a liquid, regard- less of the pressure to which it is subjected, assumes a gaseous form. P., Deaf (of the ear), one of certain points near the ear where, as shown by Urbantschitsch, a vibrating tuning-fork cannot be heard. The fork is held perpendicularly and is moved from the zygoma backward toward the occiput. The first point is at the lower end of the tragus; the second, where the helix intersects the line along which the fork is moved. P., Dew, the temperature at which the atmospheric moisture is deposited as dew. P. of Dispersion, in optics, the virtual focus. Ps. douloureux, the tender spots at the exit of nerves the seat of neu- ralgic pain. See Ps., Valleix's. P. of Election, in surgery, that point at which a certain operation is done by preference. P., Erb's, the supraclavicular point, a point above the middle of the clavicle where a group of muscles consisting of the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator longus can be stimu- lated to contraction, P., Eye: 1. An ocellus, g. v. 2. The bright circle seen at the crossing-point of the rays above the microscopic ocular. P., Far-, the re- motest point of distinct vision; in the emmetropic eye, it is at infinity, but it is practically considered to be at 20 feet from the eye; in the myopic eye at a finite dis- tance in front of the eye; in the hyperopic eye, beyond infinity,+practically beyond 20 feet. P., Fixation, that point on the visual axis at which an object is most distinctly seen. P., Focal, one of the two principal foci of a dioptric system. In the eye there is an ante- rior and a posterior focal point. The former is that point at which emerging rays that are parallel in the vitreous would converge in front of the eye; while the posterior is that point in the back of the eye at which entering rays, that are parallel when they strike the cornea, meet. P., Freezing, the degree of temperature at which a liquid substance, usually water or watery fluids, becomes solid. P., Fusing, POINT P., Fusion. Synonym of P., Melting. P., Hystero- epileptogenous, P., Hysterogenic. See Zone. P. of Incidence, in optics, that point on a surface upon which a ray of light falls. P., Intersuperciliary, the central point of a line joining the most prominent points of the two superciliary arches. P., Jugal, the point of intersection of a line tangent to the upper border of the zygoma and one marking the posterior border of the frontal process of the malar bone. P. of Least Resistance. See /locus mužnoris resisten- tia. P., Malar, the most prominent point on the external surface of the malar bone. P., McBurney’s, a point two and a half inches distant from the anterior superior spine of the right ilium, on a line drawn from the spine to the umbilicus. It is often the seat of greatest tenderness in appendicitis. P., Melting, the degree of temperature at which fusible solids begin to melt. P., Metopic, the glabella, Q. v. P., Motor, the point on the surface of the body corresponding to the place where the motor nerve enters a muscle, and where an electrode must be applied to produce the maximum contraction of the muscle by electric stimulation. See Motor Point. P., Nasal. Synonym of Aſasion. P., Near-, the nearest point at which the eyes can accom- modate to see distinctly. P., Near-, Absolute, the nearest point at which accommodation in a single eye is still possible without vision becoming indistinct. P., Near-, Binocular, the nearest point at which the means of accommodation and the convergence of the visual axes of an object can be seen distinctly. P., Nodal, in optics, the center of curvature of a spherical lens or refracting surface, through which rays of light pass, joining conjugate points. P., Occipital, the pointed posterior extremity of the occipital lobe of the brain. P., Occipital, Maximum, in craniometry, the point of the longest antero-posterior diameter which is most distant from the glabella. P., Ophryon. Syno- nym of Ophryon. P., Orbital, External, in crani- ometry, the most prominent point at the outer edge of the orbit. It is just above the fronto-malar bones. P. of Ossification, the center of ossification in a bone. P., Painful, the point where a nerve, the seat of neu- ralgia, is tender on pressure. It is usually at the exit of the nerve from a bony canal, or where it passes through fascia. See Ps., Palleix's. P., Physio- logic Middle (of the retina), the fovea centralis. Ps., Principal, in optics, the two points in the optic axis of a lens that are so related that lines drawn from these points to the corresponding points in the object and its image are parallel. P. of Reflection, in optics, the point from which a ray of light is reflected. P. of Refraction, in optics, the point at which a ray of light is refracted. P. of Regard, the point at which the eye is directly looking. Its image falls in the middle of the macula lutea. P., Retinal, Corres- ponding. See P., A’erinal, Malentical. P., Retinal, Disparate, one of those points on the retinae whence images are projected, not to the same, but to different points in space. Ps., Retinal, Identical, correspond- ing points on the two retinae, the images of which are projected to the same spot in space. P. of Sight. Same as P. of Pision. P., Subnasal, in craniometry, the middle of the inferior border of the anterior nares, or the root of the anterior nasal spine. P., Supra- auricular, in craniometry, the point at the root of the zygomatic process directly over the auricular point. P., Supraclavicular. See P., Erb's. P., Supra- nasal. Same as Ophryon. P., Supra-orbital, a tender point in neuralgia just above the supra-orbital notch. P., Vaccine. See Paccine Point. Ps., Valleix's (Pointes douloureux), the points at which neuralgic nerves are tender on pressure. This ten- POINTED derness is of diagnostic significance, and generally persists in the intervals between attacks. In trigeminal neuralgia these points are at the supra-orbital notch, at the infraorbital, and at the mental foramen. P. of Vision, the position from which anything is ob- served. P., Vital, a spot in the oblongata corre- sponding to the seat of the respiratory center, and puncture of which causes immediate death. Pointed (point/-ed) [ME., point, a point]. Having a point. P. Condyloma. See Venereal Wart. Pointillage (pwan/-fi/-yahzh) [Fr.]. means of the finger-tips. Pointing (point/-ing) [ME., point, a point]. The coming to a point. P. of an Abscess, the process by which pus from the deeper structures reaches the surface. Poiseuille's Space. The peripheral zone in the capil- lary vessel between the wall of the capillary and the central current of the red blood-discs, Poison (poi/-2m) [ME., poisoun, poison]. A substance that destroys the life of an organism or impairs the functions of one or more of its organs. “A substance capable of producing noxious and even fatal effects upon the system, no matter by what avenue it be introduced ; and this, as an ordinary result, in a healthy state of the body, and not by a mechanical action.” (Reese.) See Poisons, Zable of, pp. II36– II49. P., Aérial. Same as Miasm. P., Arrow, a poison, generally a vegetable extract, applied by Sav- ages to the heads of their arrows. Curare, employed by the inhabitants of Guiana, is one of the best known of these poisons. P.-ash. See Chionanthus. P.-bag. See P.-sac. P., Blood, a substance having a destruc- tive action upon the blood. P., Frog, an animal poison applied by the Indians of Colombia to their arrow-heads. P., Gaboon. See P. of Pahonias. P.- gland, a gland secreting poison. P., Hematic. Synonym of P., Blood. P., Irritant, one producing irritation or destruction, such as mineral acids, alkalies, caustics, and other corrosive substances. P.-ivy, a shrub vine of North America, Athus toxicodendron. It produces a severe cutaneous inflammation. See A*/ºuts. P., Morbid, the etiologic poisonous element of a specific disease. P., Muscle : I. A substance that impairs or destroys the proper functions of muscles. 2. A poisonous albumin developed during muscular activity. P., Narcotic, one affecting the cerebral or cerebral and spinal centers, producing stupor, delirium, etc., such as opium, hydrocyanic acid, and carbon monoxid. See, also, Antidote, and Drug. P., Nerve, one impairing or destroying the conducting- power of nerves. P.-oak, a low form of the poison- ivy, P., Ordeal, any one of the vegetable poisons, such as Physostigma, used by savages in the trial of accused persons to determine their guilt or innocence. P.- organ, an organic apparatus for producing a poisonous material. P. of Pahonias, or Phonias, a very virulent poison obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus Aispidus, and used as an arrow-poison. It is also called Gaboon poison. P., Protoplasmic, one de- stroying the vital properties of living protoplasm. P.-sac, a sac containing or secreting poison ; a poison-gland. P.-vine. See P.-ivy. Poisoning (poi/-2m-ing)[ME., poisoun, a poison]. The act of administering or ingesting any poisonous sub- stance in doses sufficient to destroy life or health. P., Blood, a condition in which the quality of the blood is altered by reason of the presence in it of a poison; ordinarily, synonymous with Septicemia. Poisonous (poi/-2m-us) [ME., poisoun, poison]. ing the properties of a poison ; venomous. Poke-root (204/-rūt). See Phytolacca. Massage by Hav- 1134 POLARIZATION Polar (po'-lar) [polus, a pole]. Pertaining or belong- ing to the poles. P. Crown, the disc of chromatin- grains at each pole of the nuclear spindle in karyokine- sis. P. Field, the clear space enclosed by the chromatin-loops of the loose skein. in karyokinesis, and in which the nuclear spindle appears. Cf. Sphere of Attraction, Centrosome. P. Globules, two masses of nuclear substance detached from the nuclear spindles during karyokinesis. They appear to be necessary to the complete maturation of the ovum, although they ultimately disappear. Only one polar globule occurs in parthenogenetic ova. They have been described by Fleming in white blood-corpuscles. The significance of the polar bodies is not definitely known. According to certain embryologists the ovum is originally hermaphroditic, the polar bodies repre- senting the male element, which the ovum expels in order to prepare for the entrance of the male pronu- cleus. An analogous, condition, leading also to the loss of certain elements, is thought to exist in the spermatozoön, which likewise is originally hermaphro- ditic. Weismann looks upon the polar bodies as masses of ovogenetic nucleoplasm which are expelled from the ovum, in order that the more important germ-plasm may develop actively. The bodies are also known as the polar globules of Robin. P. Method, a method of applying electricity in electro- therapeutics, in which the pole whose distinctive effect is wanted is placed over the part to be treated, and the other pole over some indifferent part. P. Nucleus, in biology, the fourth nucleus in each group at the two extremities of the embryo-sac. P. Reaction, in electricity, the measure of muscular contraction that follows the application of the positive (anode) or negative (kathode) pole to a nerve or muscle. P. Vesicle. Same as P. Globule. P. Zone. See Zone. - Polarimeter (po-lar-im/-et-er) [polus, pole; uérpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining the degree to which an optically active substance changes the plane of polarization to the right or to the left. Polarimetry (po-lar-im/-et-re) [polus, pole; uérpov, measure]. The use of the polarimeter. Polariscope (po-lar/-is-àp) [polics, pole; okotreiv, to view]. An optic instrument for exhibiting the polari- zation of light, or for examining substances in polarized light. The essential parts are the polarizing and ana- lyzing prisms: - Polariscopic (po-lar-is-Åop/-i}) [?olus, pole; okotreiv, to view]. Pertaining to a polariscope. Polariscopy (?o-lar/-is-Åop-e) [polus, pole; okotreiv, to view]. The use of the polariscope. Polaristrobometer (po- lar-is-tro-bom/-et-er) [polus, pole; otpóſłog, a whirling round ; piétpov, measure]. A form of polarimeter or saccharimeter that furnishes a delicate means of fixing the plane of polarization as rotated by the sugar-solution under examination. Polarite (po'-lar-it) [polus, a pole]. A filtering- material containing 50 per cent. of magnetic oxid and iron carbonate ; it is used in the artificial filtration of sewage. Polarity (po-lar/-it-e) [ poſits, pole]. The state or quality of having poles or points of intensity with mutually opposite qualities. In electro-therapeutics, that condition of a nerve in which the part nearest the negative pole is in a state of increased, and that near- est the positive is in a state of decreased irritability. Polarization (po-lar-iz-a/-shum) [polus, pole]. The act of forming poles or points of intensity having qualities mutually opposite. P., Chromatic, polar- ization accompanied by a play of colors. P., Circu- lar, the turning of the plane of polarization to the POLARIZER right or left. P. of Light, the breaking up of a ray of light into two separate parts whose planes of vibration are at right angles to each other. It is usually accom- plished by passing the ray through a doubly refracting medium. Polarizer (po/-/ar-i-zer) [polus, pole]. In microscopy, one of the Nicol prisms placed beneath the object and by means of which the light is polarized. Pole (pół) [tróżog, polus, a pole]. The extremity of an axis; a point on a sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere. In electricity, one of the points of a body at which its attractive or repulsive energy is concentrated. In galvanic or dynamic electricity, the electrodes of a cell or of a generator. In magnetism, one of the points of maximum intensity of magnetic force. P., Antigerminal, the pole of an ovum opposite the germinal pole; it is the pole at which the food-yolk is situated. P., Cephalic, the end of the fetal ellipse where the head of the fetus is situated. P.-changer, a switch or key for changing or reversing the direction of a current produced by any electric source, such as a battery. P. Corpuscles. See Polar Globules. Ps. of the Eye, the anterior and posterior poles of the optic axis. P., Germinal, P., Germinative, the pole of the egg at which the development of the embryo begins. P., Lower, of an egg. See P., Antiger- minal. P., Negative, the electrode or any other termination of the wire which is attached to the posi- tive element in the galvanic cell. P., North, in a magnet, the extremity directed toward the north. P., Nutritive. Synonym of P., Antigerminal. P., Oc- cipital, the posterior pointed extremity of the occipital lobe. P., Pelvic, the extremity of the fetal ellipse at which the breech is situated. P., Positive, the elec. trode or other terminal portion of the wire which is connected with the negative element of a galvanic battery. P., South, in a magnet, the extremity di- rected toward the south. P., Upper, in an egg, the P., Germinal, g. v. P., Vitelline. Synonym of P., Antigerminal. Polemophthalmia (pol-em-off-ſha/-me-a/.) [Tóżeplog, war; 69ffažuóg, eye]. Military ophthalmia; the oph- thalmia of soldiers. Polenta (po-len/-tah) [L.]. porridge. Poliater (pol/-e-a-ter). [T6%ic, city; iaTáp, physician]. Formerly, a physician licensed to practise by the public authorities of a city. Police (po-les') [T6%tc, a city]. I. Public order. 2. An organized civil force for maintaining order. P., Sanitary, the body of officials in the employ of a city, state or nation, whose duty it is to look after the hygienic condition as it affects the public health. Policeman's Disease. Synonym of Tarsalgia. Policlinic (pol-ik-lin/-ik) [TóAtç, city; Kätvm, couch]. A general city hospital. Cf. Polyclinic. Poliencephalitis (pol-e-en-sef-al-iſ-tis) ſtrožtóç, gray; #ykéjažov, brain ; trug, inflammation]. An inflamma- tion of the gray matter of the cortex of the brain. P. acuta, an acute inflammation of the cerebral cortex in children, giving rise to infantile cerebral palsy, P., Anterior Superior, an inflammatory disease of the gray matter of the third ventricle, of the anterior portion of the fourth, and of that about the Sylvian aqueduct. The condition is usually acute and has, as a rule, a well marked clinical picture, including ophthalmo- plegia, chiefly external, and a peculiar somnolent state; there is no other paralysis; sensation is not affected. The disease appears as if caused by infection, and is usually fatal, although recovery may take place. This disease may be related to the African sleeping- In Italy, a maize-meal 1135 POLITZERATION sickness, nélavan, and to a similar disease occasion- ally observed in Switzerland and Lombardy. P. corticalis, inflammation of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex. P., Posterior, inflammation of the gray matter of the posterior portion of the fourth ventricle. Polimitus malariae (pol-im/-it-us). sites (Animal), Table of. Polioencephalitis (pol-e-o-en-seſ-aſ-i/-tis). emcephalitis. Polioencephalo-myelitis (pol-e-o-en-sef’-al-o-mi-el-2'- tis). Synonym of Poliomyelemcephalitis. Poliomyelencephalitis (pol-e-o-mi-el-en-seſ-a/-ä’-tis) [Tožtóg, gray; uve?6ç, marrow ; Śyképa20c, brain; itag, inflammation]. Poliomyelitis and poliencephalitis ex- isting together. Poliomyelepathy (pol-e-o-mi-el-ep/-ath-e)[Tožtóg, gray; pºvěžóg, marrow ; Tráffoç, disease]. Disease of the gray matter of the spinal cord. Poliomyelitis (pol-e-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [Tožtóc, gray; une?.6%, marrow ; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. P., Acute Anterior, acute inflammation of the anterior horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to a destruction of the large multipolar cells of these horns. It is most common in children, coming on during the period of the first dentition and producing a paralysis of certain muscle- groups or of an entire limb. The onset is sudden, and the paralysis is usually most extensive in the beginning, a certain amount of improvement taking place subsequently. There are no sensory disturb- ances. The affected muscles atrophy rapidly, the reflexes in them are lost, and reactions of degeneration are present. From contraction of antagonistic muscles deformities develop later in life. The disease is also known as Infantile Palsy. P., Chronic Anterior. Synonym of Progressive Muscular Atrophy. Poliomyelopathy (pol-e-o-mi-el-op/-ath-e) [Tožtóg, gray; pºve?.6g, marrow ; traffog, disease]. Disease of the gray matter of the cord. Polioplasm, Polioplasma (pol/-e-o-plazm, pol-e-o-plaz/- mah) [Toàtóg, gray; Tââopia, plasm]. Granular proto- plasm. Poliosis (pol-e-o/-sis) [Tožtóg, hoary or gray]. A con- dition characterized by absence of pigment in the hair. See Cazz?ties. Poliotes (pol-e-o'-tez) [Toàtóg, hoary or gray. Synonym of Canities. Poliothrix (poſ/-e-o-thrićs) [Tožtóg, gray; 6pi;, hair]. * Synonym of Canities. Polish (po'-lish) [Pol., Polski, Polish]. Poland. P. Plait. See Plica polonica. worm. Same as Plica polonica. Polishing Red. Same as Colcothar. Polity (poſ/-īt-e) [T6Atç, a city]. A form of govern- ment. The functions of the government of a city or town. P., Medical, the sanitary regulations of a community. Politzer's Ear-bag. An instrument for filling the tym- panic cavity with air. It consists essentially of a large, gourd-like rubber bulb and a tube with a hard- rubber tip to fit into the nose. P.'s Method, a method of inflating the middle ear and clearing the Eustachian tube by filling one nostril with air from a rubber-bag, the other ear being closed and the patient, at the moment of inflation, performing the act of swallow- ing, during which the pharyngeal end of the Eusta- chian tube is open. * * Politzeration, Politzerization (pol-its-er-a/-shun, poſ. its-er-iz-a/-shum) [after Adam Politzer, an Austrian physician]. The inflation of the middle ear by means of Politzer's bag. See under Para- See Po/i- Pertaining to P. Ring- ; TABLE OF POISONS. NAME. CHARACTER OF SYMPTOMS OF POISONING. FATAL DOSE. MODE OF TREATMENT AND ANTIDOTEs. POISON. PRODUCING DEATH. Abrus precatorius. See /e quirity. Acetanilid. Corrosive. Cyanosis; peculiar discoloration of the blood due to Sudden cardiac fail- || Strychnin, oxygen, and warmth; heart- - formation of methemoglobin. Uliſe. stimulants. Acetic Acid. See Acid. Acid, Acetic. Corrosive. Vomiting, purging; pain in the stomach, foul breath. | Recovery from | Asphyxia. Alkalies ; so a p; demulcent drinks; 3iij. opium. : , Arsenious. See gr, ij. Acid, Arsenic. Arsenic. Acid, Boric. Nausea, vomiting, erythema, rapid, feeble pulse, col- Cardiac paralysis. lapse. Acid, Carbolic (Phenic). Corrosive. Immediate burning pain from mouth to stomach; 3j. Respiratory and car- Evacuate; magnesium sulphate, syrup giddiness, loss of consciousness, collapse; subnor- diac paralysis. of lime, atropin. mal temperature; partial suppression of urine, which is dark in color; pupils very much con- tracted ; characteristic odor. Acid, Chromic. Corrosive. Yellow stains; abdominal pain; vomiting and purg- Cardiac paralysis. Evacuate; chalk, milk, or albumin; ing; collapse. - demulcent drinks. Acid, Hydrochloric (Mu- Corrosive. Pain throughout digestive tract; vomiting, feeble 3j. Alkalies; demulcent drinks; oil; stim- rtatic). pulse, clammy skin, collapse; eschars externally; ulants (intravenous injection). yellow stains on clothing, but none on skin. - Acid, Hydrocyanic (Prus- Hyposthenisant. Dyspnea, vomiting, purging, spasms, rigidity, cessa- |gr. %. Asphyxia. Dilute a mm on ia; , opium, to relieve sic). - tion of heart’s action; characteristic odor. pain; alternate cold and warm affu- sions; atropin and heart-stimulants; artificial respiration. Acid, Lactic. Corrosive. Violent irritation of alimentary canal. Alkalies and demulcents. Acid, Nitric. Corrosive. Yellow stains on skin; otherwise similar to Acid, Sul- *. A l k a lies; demulcents; soap; stim- phuric. ulants. Acid, Nitrohydrochloric. Same as Acid, Nitric. Acid, Oxalic. Corrosive. Hot, acrid taste; burning, vomiting, collapse. 3j. Paralysis, of respira- Lime or chalk. tion and of heart. e Acid, Pyrogallic. Corrosive. Vomiting, diarrhea, rigors, fever, black urine, great | Over 35. Formation of thrombi. Mineral acids; alkalies; salts of iron. dyspnea. Acid, Salicylic. Corrosive. Mydriasis; quick and deep respiration; delirium; Recovery from | Respiratory paralysis. dyspnea; lessened arterial pressure; deafness. 3.jss. Acid, Sulphuric. Corrosive. Black stains; pain throughout digestive tract, vomit- 3j. Asphyxia. Chalk . magnesia; soap; demulcent ing, feeble pulse, clammy skin, profuse and bloody drinks. salivation. Acid, Sulphurous. Pulmonary irritant. Cough, bloody expectoration, pulmonary inflamma- Air; cold to head; artificial respira- tion. © tion; bleeding. Acid, Tartaric. Irritant. 3.SS. Magnesia; lime; soap. Pain in abdomen: vomiting, etc Aconitum napellus (Monks- Hyposthenisant. Tingling in the mouth, giddiness, muscular weak- || 5 of root. Asphyxia. Evacuate; digital is, atropin, and hood). ness, pain in the abdomen, pupils dilated, pulse 3j of the tincture. stimulants; artificial respiration; Aconite. feeble. - warmth and friction. - § Actaea spicata(Baneberry). Narcotic. Vomiting; diarrhea; cardiac depression; faintness; Cardiac paralysis. Heart-stimulants. dizziness; foul breath; dryness of pharynx. Agaricus. See Fungi. Alcohol. Inebriant. Confusion of thought, giddiness, tottering gait, flush- Paralysis of heart. Evacuate; coffee; battery; amyl ni- g ing, lips livid, convulsions, coma, death often hours or even days after apparent recovery. .. trite; hot and cold douche. Aloé spicata (Aloes). Simple irritant. Tenesmus, weight in pelvis, profuse diarrhea. Amanita muscaria (Truſ- fles). See Fungi. Ammonium and its com-l Corrosive. Burning pain in the mouth, chest, and stomach; lips | 5ij of ammonia. Asphyxia. Vegetable acids; demulcents. pounds. and tongue swollen and covered with detached epi- thelium ; , violent dyspnea; hematemesis; charac- --ºº-ºº- teristic odor. A my g dal us communis Similar to Acid, Hydrocyanic, g. v. (Bitter Almond). 3. y * Amyl Nitrite. Throbbing headache, flushed face, sense of heat, tu- | Recovery from 12 Paralysis of respira- Evacuate; air; recumbent position; multuous heart's action; diminished sensibility, grams. tory centers. artificial respiration; stimulants; mobility, and reflexes. Strychnin ; ergot; digitalis. Amylene Hydrate. Anesthetic. Sleep and coma. Paralysis of medulla. | Remove vapor; air; stimulants; arti- ficial respiration. Anilin. Giddiness, apparent intoxication, sweating, blue color 5vj. Asphyxia. Removal of cause; stimulation; oxy- of mucous membrane of mouth; odor of anilin; gen; artificial respiration. COIn 21 Antiſebrin. See Acetani | lid. A n tim on y and its com- Corrosive. Metallic taste, violent vomiting, pain and burning in Tartar emetic | Paralysis of the heart. Tannic acid; dem ul cent drinks; pounds. the stomach, purging, dysphagia; Cramps; thirst; gr. 1%. opium; alcohol; ether. great debility. Antipyrin (Phenazon). Corrosive. Headache, vertigo, drowsiness, deafness, confusion of Recumbent position; warmth; strych- ideas, cyanosis, collapse. nin; stimulants; oxygen; artificial respiration. Apocynum androsalmifo- Narcotic. Vomiting, nausea, drowsiness. Evacuate; stimulants. lium (Dogsbane). Apomorphin. Emetic. Violent vomiting, paralysis of motor and sensory gr. &, hypo der- || Cardiac failure. Cardiac and respiratory stimulants. nerves, delirium, depression of respiration, heart- m a ti cally, in depression. weak adult. A r is to loch i a clematis Acronarcotic. Nausea; griping pains in the bowels; vomiting; dys- Evacuate; demulcent drinks. (Birthwort). Arnica montana (Leopards- bane). Cardiac depressant. enteric tenesmus. Transient excitement, headache, unconsciousness, pupils dilated, paralysis of the nervous system, col- lapse. Paralysis of the ner- vous system. Cardiac stimulants. Arsenic and its compounds. Artemisia absinthium (Ab- sin//te). ==s*** * * *-* ~ * * * ~ * • * ~ *- - - -- * Corrosive. Violent burning pain in the stomach, retching, thirst, diarrhea, tenesmus, burning in the urinary organs with suppression of urine; sense of constriction with dryness in throat; pulse small and frequent. Tremor, stupor, epileptiſorm convulsions, involuntary evacuations, Stertorous breathing. Arsenious a cid gr. 1]. Hydrated sesquioxid of iron; precipi- tated carbonate of iron ; emetics : denulcents. Recovery from 3ss of the oil. Emetics; stimulants; demulcents. * - ~ *-** * * ****** * * * *-s ºr “... Prunus virginiana (Wild Cherry). Prussic Acid. See Acid, Hydrocyanic. Ptomains. See Meat, and also Table of Ptoma ins. Pulsatilla. Lowers heart's action, reduces respiration and tem- perature; dilates pupils; paralyzes motion and sen- sibility. Paralysis of heart. Alcohol; opium; digitalis. Pyrogallic Acid. See Acid. Resorcin. Giddiness, tingling; insensibility, profuse perspira- tion; tongue dry; pupils normal; teeth clenched, temperature low; urine black. Recovery from 3ij. Paralysis of respira- tion. Evacuate; album in; stimulants; warmth; atropin; amyl nitrite; red wine. Rhus radicans(Poison-vine) Rhus toxicodendron (Poi- Irritant. Cutaneous irritation; itching, swelling, vesicular eruption; may involve the throat, producing cough; thirst, vomiting, colicky pains, fever, delirium. Grindelia robusta locally; also carron- oil and solution of acetate of lead; rest; low diet; laxatives; opium. Ricinus communis (Castor- Simple irritant. Burning, nausea, vomiting, colicky pains, small pulse, 3 seeds. Evacuate; morphin, hypodermatically; 02/ ). great prostration; purging may or may not occur. w arm th; stimulants; starch and Opium enemata. Rue. º Evacuate; demulcent drinks; diuret- Ruta graveolens (Rue). Violent gastro-enteritis, extreme Pºtion, convul- Sions, strangury, suppression of urine. ics; heart stimulants. Salicylic Acid. See Acid. Saliva of Rabid Animals. A Rarely come on in less than three weeks; may occur between that and years; pain in the bitten part; uneasiness, º: difficult respiration, difficulty in swallowing, horror of water; violent convul- sions; tongue swollen and often protruding; flow of viscid saliva. " Arezrentive." Immediate ligature above wound; excision; cautery; inoculation. Of hydrophobia: Chloroform internally; morphin hy- podermatically; cocain to throat; nutritive enemata. Sedum acre (Stone-crop). Irritant and vesicant. Sambucus can a dens is Irritant. Emesis; purging. Demulcent drinks; evacuate. (Elder). Sanguinaria can a dens is Salivation, catharsis, and vomiting, reflexes lowered; Paralysis of the car- Evacuate; opium; amyl nitrite; atro- (Bloodroot). upils dilated ; temperature low; great thirst; col- diac and respiratory | pin. apse. centers. Santonin. Irritant. Disturbance of color-vision—objects first assume a gr. iſ, to a child. Asphyxia. Evacuate; stimulants; chloral. bluish tinge, then yellow ; singing in ears; dizzi- ness; pain in the abdomen; convulsions; stupor. Savin Abortive. Pain, vomiting, violent straining at stool, coma, and Evacuate; castor-oil in large dose; convulsions. morphin ; poultices to the abdomen. Scammony. Irritant. Vomiting, purging, griping, tenesmus. Evacuate; stimulants. Scilla maritima (Squill). Vomiting, purging, strangury, bloody urine, paralysis, Paralysis of heart in Evacuate; demulcent drinks; diuret- and convulsions. systole. ics; stimulants. Secale c or n u tum. See Ergot. Silver and its salts. Simple irritant. Vomiting and purging. Evacuate ; stimulants. Pain, vomiting, , and purg in g; vomit white. and cheesy, rapidly turning black in the sunlight; cramps; cardiac depression ; collapse. Paralysis of respira- tion. Salt and water; evacuate; albumin. Sium latifolium (Procum- bent Water Parsnip). Acronarcotic. (The bite of many varieties of ser- pents is directly poison- Vary in severity, but are, in the main, sharp pain in the bitten part, rapidly spreading; great swelling of the wounded member, which becomes livid and gangrenous later; fainting, vomiting, and convul- sions; pulse small, frequent, and irregular; breath- ing difficult. Paralysis of cardiac and respiratory cen- ters. Removal of poison by sucking or cup- ping; ligature above wound; cautery or excision ; ammonia to wound and internally; warmth; in some cases large doses of ammonia or whisky internally ; transfusion of blood. soda (Sodium). Corrosive. Symptoms and treatment similar to those of other caustic alkalies, as Lime, g. v. Solanum dulcamara (Bit- Deliriant. Thirst, headache, giddiness, dimness of vision, di- lated pupils, convulsions, vomiting, purging. Asphyxia. Evacuate; stimulants; warmth. Sorbus acuparia (Mountain son-oak). Snake-bite. ous.) terszyeet). Ash). Narcotic. Same as for Opium, g. v. ****** * * * **- - ---> -- ~~~~~~~-seasºn ---,-- - - - - TABLE OF POISONS.—Cozzzzzzzzed. SYMPTOMS OF POISONING. FATAL DOSE. MODE OF PRODUCING DEATH. TREATMENT AND ANTIDOTES. Vertigo, dimness of vision, dilated pupils, spasms, convulsions; delirium ; dryness of throat. Evacuate; stimulants; coffee. Heart slow and feeble; breathing difficult; pupils di- lated; abdomen distended and painful. Recovery from 3.jss. Paralysis of s p in a 1 cord and asphyxia. Cardiac and respiratory stimulants. NAME. CHARACTER OF POISON. Spanish Fly. See Cantharis. Spigelia marilandica (Pink- root). Narcotic. Squill. See Scilla. Stalagmitis cambogioides. See Gamboge. Staphisagria. Stavesacre. See Staphisag ria. Strophanthus (Arrozw-poi- SO??). Strophanthin. Muscle-poison a n d cardiac depressant. Weakness of pulse; increase of urine; rigidity of the muscles; Spasms. - Of Strophanthus: Over I gr. Of Strophanthin : gr. SS. Paralysis of the heart in systole. Cardiac stimulants. St. Ignatius Bean. Convulsant, Tetanic convulsions coming on in paroxysms at vary- || Powd. nux vomica | Asphyxia during par- | Evacuate; animal charcoal or tannic Strychnos ignatii. * ing intervals of from five minutes to half an hour; 3ss. Ext nux oxysm, or collapse. acid ad lib.; follow with emetic; cath- Strychnos nux v om ic a opisthotonos during paróxysm; eye balls promi- vomica gr. iij. eterize; keep patient quiet; bromids (AVuzr vomica). ment; pupils dilated, respiration impeded, pulse Strychnin gr. iij; and chloral; a myl nitrite; chloro- Nux vomica. feeble and rapid; anxiety. r. ss sometimes form; curare; artificial respiration Strychnin. atal; gr. & may sometimes indicated. Brucin. kill a child. Sulfonal. Giddiness, weakness, ptosis, cyanosis, suppression of gr. xxx. Stimulants; diuretics. U11 II le. Sulphuric Acid. See Acid. Sumach. See Rhus. Tanacetum vulgare(Tansy). Abortive. Convulsions, insensibility, dilated pupils, respirations | 3ss of the oil. Heart-paralysis. Heart-stimulants; evacuate. Tansy. hurried and stertorous; pulse full, gradually failing; characteristic odor of breath. Tartar Emetic. See Anti | mony. Tartaric Acid. See Acid. Tin. Irritant. Metallic taste, vomiting, and diarrhea; pain; de- Evacuate; magnesium; mucilaginous pressed action of heart. drinks. Tobacco. Depressant. Nausea, vomiting, weakness, weak pulse, cold and Paralysis of respira- Evacuate; tannic acid; stry ch nin; Nicotin. clammy skin, pupils contracted, then dilated. tion; some times | stimulants; w arm th; recumbent paralysis of heart. position. * -* Truffles. See Fungi. Turpentine. Characteristic odor; intoxication; contracted pupils; 3v.j. 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S gº $ 5 ° Ö | g | } | { -$ 3 TS | 3 || 0 | U &y •w-4 d) (ſ) q) .N. -C - § , Q) S sº |*|| 5 || 5 |* Š His ss 3 || 3 | # | 6 (ſ) § 5 § *Q iº -t; bſ) | \, ->. & Nº. 5 § !-- cº sº 5 §§§ .80 O || 5 | S 5 Q) sº S ºf S | *d "d || 3 || 6 tº c5 3 | #$$$ | | | < | 5 || 3 || 3 || 3: & Q) (l) (l) QL) * *g > | $ '; ' | Sº || 3 || > || > |: $ N 1149 POLLINOSE Politzerize (pol/-its-er-72) [after Politzer, an Austrian Poll (pół) [ME., poll, head]. To treat by Politzer’s method. The head, especially the back portion, of an individual or of an animal. P.-evil, in farriery, an abscess behind the ears of a horse, producing a fistula. hysician]. Pollakiuria (pol-a/-ä-te/-re-a/.) [Tožákug, often ; oipov, Polled (póld) [ME., poll, the head]. Abnormal increased frequency of micturition. A term applied to cattle without horns. P. Angus, a race of cattle without horns, indigenous to Great Britain. urinel. Pollemphytensis (pol-emºſt-tem/-sis) [Tož%6g, many; Pollen (pol/-en) [pollen, fine dust]. Polleniferous (pol-en-if/-er-us). Pollenization (pol-en-iz-a/-shun). £pºpwrévetv, to implant]. Multiple vaccinations in dif- ferent parts of the body. In biology, the fecundating element produced in the anthers of flower- ing plants. It occurs as separate one-celled, globular, or irregular grains varying as to species. The central protoplasm is inclosed in two coats, the inner of which is called the intine, the outer the extine. P.-basket. See Corbiculum. P. Catarrh. See Aay-ſever. P.- cell, in biology, the cell, sac, or chamber of an anther in which the pollen is produced. P.-chamber, the cavity at the apex of the ovule of gymnosperms, in which the pollen-grains lie after pollination. P.-fever. See Hay-ſever. P.-grain, one of the unicellular bodies found in the anthers of flowering plants. They are generally yellow, and may be united into a mass by a viscid material. P.-mass. Same as Pollinium. P.-paste, pollen as it is stored up by bees. P.- plate. See Corðiculum. P.-sac. See A'.-chamber. P.-spore. Same as P.-grain. P. Theory, a theory first proposed by Gordon in 1829 and finally confirmed by Blackley, in 1873, that hay-fever is due to the irritation of the Schneiderian mucosa produced by the pollen of grasses and other plants. P.-tube, in biology, a slender tube formed by a protrusion of the intine of a pollen-grain, after its contact with the Stigma, and by means of which the contents of the pollen-grain are conducted into the ovule. See Polliniferous. See Po/Zizzazzoyz. Pollex (pol/-eks) [pollex, the thumb, the great toe : pſ., Pollical (poſ/-īk-a/) [pollex, thumb]. Pollicate (pol/-ić-áſ) [pollex, thumb]. Pollinar (poſ/-in-ar) [po//en, pollen]. Pollinarium (fo/-in-a/-re-zum) [20//en, pollen]. Pollination (poſ-in-a/-shun) [20//en, pollen]. Pollinic (pol-in/-i/) [po//en, pollen]. Pollices]. The digit at the radial side of the quinque- digital hand. Pertaining to the thumb. In biology, having thumbs. In biology, covered with a fine dust resembling pollen. In biology, one of the organs growing on the hymenium of certain fungi (Agaricini), thought by some to be male organs; also called cystidia, barren basidia. Cf. Azz//heridizemz. The act of conveying the pollen to the stigma. Pertaining to See Pol/en-chamber. pollen. P. Chamber. Polliniferous (po/-in-if”-er-us) [pollen, pollen ; ferre, Pollinigerous (pol-in-jº-er-zes). to bear]. I. Producing or containing pollen, 2. Bearing pollen, as certain insects. Same as Polliniſer- O2/S. Pollinium (pol-in/-e-um) [Ao//en, fine flour ; pl., Poy. Zinia]. In biology, a mass of united pollen-grains, as in orchids, milk-weeds and other plants. Pollinivorous (pol-in-iv'-or-us) [po//en, pollen; wor- Pollinose (poſ/-īn-āz) [20//en, fine flour], are, to devour]. Feeding upon pollen. In biology, powdered over as if with pollen. POLLUTION Pollution (pol-u’-shun) [pollutio; pol/uere, to defile]. In Sanitary science, the introduction or dissemination of any deleterious or filthy substance about a locality where its presence would be conducive to disease. Especially the defilement of potable water by sewage or excreta. In physiology, the production of the or- gasm in either male or female by means other than Sexual intercourse. See Masturbation. P., Noctur- nal, a nocturnal, involuntary, seminal discharge. P., Self, masturbation. Polonica (po-ſon/-ić-ah). See Plica. Polonychia (pol-o-niº/-e-a/.) [Tožňc, many; 5vvš, nail]. See Polyonychia. Poluboskos (£ol-u-bos/-kos) [Tožíg, much ; 3ookóg, mu- tritious]. A pure gluten food for infants and invalids. It has the following composition: Moisture, 7.50; . fat, O.5o; mineral salts, almost wholly phosphates, O.60 ; carbohydrates, O.4O ; nitrogenous substances, 9I. Poluria (Aol-u’-re-a/). Synonym of Polyuria. Poly- (poſ/-e-) [Tožūg, many]. A prefix that denotes much or many. Polyacanthid (£o/-e-a/-an/-//id.) [Tožūg, many; diſcav- fla, thorn, spine]. In biology, applied to certain echinoderms in which there are several series of ad- ambulacral spines. Polyacanthus (pol-e - a.k - an’ - thus) [Tožūg, many; Čikav6a, thorn, spine]. In biology, many-spined. Polyacoustic (pol-e-a/-oos/-tić) [trožíg, many; &kovo. Tukóg, acoustic]. I. Multiplying sound. 2. An in- strument for intensifying sound. Polyact (poſ/-e-a/ºt) [Tožic, many; ākriç, ray]. In biology, having numerous rays. Polyactinal (pol-e-a/-tin-a/) [tto%g, many; ākríg, ray]. In biology, many-rayed; multiradiate. Polyad (pol/-e-ad) [Tožūg, many]. In chemistry, an element whose valence is greater than two. Polyadelph (poſ/-e-ad-e/f), [Tožić, many; &68%póg, brother]. In biology, a plant having its stamens united into three or more bundles. Polyadelphous (pol-e-ad-e/-fus) [Tožūg, many; áðe??óg, brother]. In biology, having the stamens united by their filaments into several sets. Polyadenia (/o/-e-ad-e'-ne-ah) [Tožíg, many; áčffy, gland]. Pseudo-leukemia, or Hodgkin's disease. Polyadenitis (pol-e-ad-en-º’-ſis) [Tožíg, many; adhv, gland ; ſtig, inflammation]. Inflammation of many glands at once. Polyadenoma (pol-e-ad-en-o’-mah) [Irožíg, many; &óñv, gland ; Śpia, tumor]. Adenoma of many glands. Polyadenopathy (pol-e-ad-en-op/-ath-e) [Tožíg, many; ã6%v, gland; Tráffog, disease]. Any disease affecting many glands at once. Polyadenous (pol-e-ad/-em-us) [Tožíg, many; déffv, gland]. In biology, bearing many glands. Polyaemia (pol-e-e'-me-a/). See Polyemia. Polyaesthesia (pol-e-es-the-ze-ah). See Polyesthesia. Polyandric (pol-e-an/-drić)[Tožíg, many; &váp, male]. Characterized by polyandry. Polyandrous (pol-e-an/-drus), [Tožic, many; &váp, male, man]. In biology: (a) Having a large num- ber of stamens. Cf. Icosandrous. (b) Having more than one male mate. Cf. AMonothelious. Polyandry (pol.e-an/-dre) [Towiavópog, having many men]. In biology, plurality of husbands or male mateS. Polyangular (pol-e-ang/-gu-lar) [Tožić, many; an- gulus, an angle]. Having many angles. Polyanhemia (pol-e - an - hem/ - e - ah). Anemia. Polyanthous (pol-e-an/-thus) [IroWüç, many; fiv60ſ, a flower]. Many-flowered. Synonym of 1150 POLY CHREST Polyarthritis (pol-e-ar-thri/-tis) [Irožūg, many; āpôpov, joint; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of many joints at once. P., Acute, a term given to acute ar- ticular rheumatism. P. rheumatica acuta. Syno- nym of Aheumatism, Acule Articular. P. synovi- alis. See A*/eumalism, Articular. Polyarthrous (pol-e-ar'-thrus) [Tožijg, many; āpôpov, a joint]. In biology, many-jointed ; multiarticulate. Polyarticular (pol-e - ar-tik/- u - Zar) [Tožic, many; articulus, joint]. Affecting many joints together. Polyatomic (pol-e-at-om/-i}) [Tožūg, many; ārouoc, atom]. In chemistry, denoting elements or radicles that have an equivalence greater than two; also, denoting compounds having three or more hydroxyl groups, in which hydrogen is easily replaceable by other elements or radicles without otherwise changing the structure of the original compound. •. Polyaxial (pol-e-a/s/-e-a/) [Tožic, many; axis, axis]. Having several axes. Polyaxon (pol-e-aēs'-on) [troWüç, many; &#ov, axis]. In biology, having several axes of growth. Polybasic (pol-ib-a/-zić) [Tožic, many; 8ágic, base]. Of alcohols or acids, having more than one hydrogen atom replaceable by a base; of a salt, formed from a polybasic acid by the replacement of more than one hydrogen atom by a basic element or radicle. Polyblennia (pol-ib-len/-e-ah) [Tožić, many; 32.Évva, mucus]. The secretion of an excess of mucus. Polyblast (pol/-iö - last) [trožíc, many; 8%aoróg, a germ]. In biology, the mass of embryo-cells result- ing from the cleavage of the ovum ; the morula stage of development. Polybrachia (pol-ib-ra/-ke ah). Same as Polymelus. Polybrachus (pol-ib-ra/-kus) [Tožūg, many; 8paziov, arm]. A monster with supernumerary arms. Polybrephia (Żol-iö-reſ’-e-a/.) [Tožíg, many; 6pépoc, infant]. The condition of having many young. Polycarpae (po/-ik-ar/-pe) [Tožíg, many; Kapitág, fruit]. A name given by Fuchs to a class of skin-diseases characterized by the eruption of plastic lesions, such as papules, pustules, vesicles, etc., comprising eczema and herpes. Polycarpellary (pol- ié - ar/-pe/- a - re) [trožíg, many; carpellum, carpel]. In biology, having many car- els. Psycarpie (pol- ik - ar/-pić) [Tožíg, many; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, fruiting many times. Polycarpous (pol-ik-ar/-pus) [troWüç, many; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, having a pistil composed of several distinct ovaries or carpels. Cf. Monocarpous. Polycellular (pol-is-el/-u-lar) [Tožūg, many; cellula, a cell]. In biology, having many cells. Polycentric (pol-is-em/-trik) [Tožíg, many; Kévrpov, center]. Having many centers or nuclear points. Polycephalous (pol-is-ef’-a/-us) [trožūg, many; Kepažff, head]. In biology, bearing many heads. Polycephalus (pol-is-ef’-al-us) [troWüç, many; Keſpaññ, head]. A genus of Teniada. See Parasites (Ani. mal), Table of Polycerus (pol-is-e'-rus) [tto%g, many; képaç, horn]. An animal monstrosity having many horns. Polychaetous (pol-ik-e'-tus) [Tožíg, many; wairm, hair]. In biology, having many chaetae or bristles. Polychezia (pol-ik-e'-ze-ah) [Tožūg, many; yíčeuv, to evacuate the bowels]. Chronic diarrhea. Polycholia (pol-ik-o'-le-a/.) [Trožíg, much ; 20%, bile]. Excessive secretion of bile. Polychotomy (pol-ik-of/-o-me) [Irožvydoc, manifold ; taueiv, to cut]. In biology, division of a taxonomic group of organisms into several sub-groups. Polychrest, Polychrestus (pol/-ik-rest, pol-ik-res/-tus) [Tožíg, many; apmotóg, useful]. A medicine re- POLYCHRESTIC garded as efficacious in many diseases. A word em- ployed in many combinations. Polychrestic (pol-ik-res/-tik) [frożóg, many; 2 pmaróg, useful]. Of the nature of a polychrest. Polychroism (pol-ik-ro/-izm) [trožíg, many; Xpotá, color]. A property possessed by certain crystals, of exhibiting two shades of color under polarized light, which vary as the polarizing instrument is rotated. Polychroit (pol-ik-ro/-it). See Crocin. Polychromate (pol-ik-ro/-māt) [frožíc, many; Xpāua, color]. A salt of chromic acid, containing several atoms of chromium in the molecule. Polychromatic (pol-ik-ro-mat/-īk) [Tožūg, many; Aſpö- pua, color]. Many-colored. Polychrome (pol/-ik-röm)[trožūg, many; Aſpåga, color]. I. A crystalline principle found in quassia and giving rise in a watery solution to a variegated color. 2. Esculin. Polychromia (pol-ik-ro'-me-ah). See Pleiochromia. Polychromic (pol-ik-ro’-mić) [Tožūg, many ; Apóſia, color]. Same as Polychromatic. P. Acid, an acid produced by the action of HNO, upon aloes. Polychromous (pol-ik-ro/-/nus) [trožūg, many; Aſpåga, color]. Having many colors. Polychylia (pol-ié-i/-le-ah) [Tožíg, much ; chyle]. An excessive formation of chyle. Polychymia (pol-ik-i/-me-ah). Same as Polychylia. Polyclad (pol/-ik-lad) [trožūg, many; Kháðoç, a shoot or branch]. In biology, applied to those platode worms in which the intestine is very much branched (marine Planaria). Polycladous (pol-ik-la/-dus) [troWüç, many; Kháðoç, a young slip]. In biology, many-branched. Polyclady (pol-ik-la/-de)[Irożóg, many; Kháðoç, a young slip or shoot]. In biology, the production of an un- usually large number of branches. Polyclinic (pol-ik-lin/-ié) [Tožūg, many; Kätvm, a bed]. A hospital in which many diseases are treated. Cf. Aoliclinic. Polycoccous (pol- ik - oš/- us) [Tožūg, many; kókkoç, berry]. In biology, consisting of several cocci. Polycopria (pol-ik-off’-re-ah) [trožíg, much; kóirpoc, dung]. Excessive defecation. Polycoria (pol-ik-o'-re-ah) [tožūg, many; kópm, pupil]. The existence of more than one pupil or opening in the iris. . Polycotyledon (pol-ié-ot-iſ-e'-don) [trožíg, many; Ko- Tvåſjööv, cavity]. In biology, a plant which in em- bryo possesses more than two cotyledons. Polycotyledonary (pol-ić-of-il-e'-don-a-re) [Irożóg, many; Korvåmóðv, cavity]. In biology, applied to mammalian placentas having many tufts of fetal villi. See under Placenta. Polycotyledonous (pol. i4 - ot-il-e'-do - mus) [Irońic, many; Korvå7óóv, a hollow]. Of, or pertaining to, a plant or a placenta having many cotyledons. See Placenta. - Polycotyledony (pol-āk-of-i/-e'-do-ne) [Irożóg, many; Korvämööv, cavity]. In biology, an aberrant increase in the number of cotyledons. Polycrotic (pol-ić-rotº-ić) [trožūc, many; kpótoc, pulse]. Applied to a pulse that appears to have more than two waves for each cardiac systole. Polycruria (pol-āk-ru/~re-ah) ſtrožíc, many; crus, leg]. Having supernumerary legs, as certain monsters. Polycyclic (pol-is-ić’-lik) ſtrožíg, many; kūkāog, a circle]. In biology, having many whorls. Polycyesia, Polycyesis (pol-is-i-e'-ze-ah, pol-is-i-e'-sis) [troWüc, many; kūmarc, pregnancy]. I. The occur- rence of frequent pregnancy. 2. Multiple pregnancy. Polycystic (pol-is-is/-tié) [trožíc, many; Küoric, a sacj. Containing many cysts. 2 v26g, 1151 POLYGASTRIA Polycythemia (pol- is -i- theſ- me - ah). [Tožíc, many; kürog, cell; alpia, blood]. Excess of red corpuscles in the blood. Polydacria (pol-id-a/-re-ah) [towic, many; 6ákpvov, tear]. Excessive lacrymation. Polydactyl, Polydactyle (pol-id-aft/-fi/) [Tožíg, many; ôákrvãog, a finger, a toe]. In biology, an animal having supernumerary fingers and toes. Polydactylism (pol-id-a/-til-izm) [Tožíc, many; 6ák- TvZog, a finger]. The existence of one or more super- numerary fingers or toes. The condition is sometimes hereditary. Polydactylous (pol-id-ak/-ti!-us). Same as Polydacty/. Polydactylus (pol-id-aš/-ti!-us) [Tožic, many; 6áktv. Woç, finger]. A monster having supernumerary digits. Polydipsia (pol- id. - p’ - se - ah) [Tožūg, much ; Öinpa, thirst]. Excessive thirst. It is usually present in fever and in diabetes. P. ebriora, dipsomaaia. Polyembryonate, Polyembryonic (pol-e-em/-bre-on- at, pol-e-em-bre-on/-ić) [Tožic, many; Šuppvov, an embryo). In biology, pertaining to polyembryony; having several embryos. Polyembryony (pol-e-em/-bre-o-me) [Tožūg, many; ëpuſ?pwov, an embryo J. In biology, the production of more than one embryo in a seed. Parthenogenesis occurs in most instances of polyembryony. Polyemia, Polyaemia (pol-e-e'-me-ah) [Tožíg, much ; a pia, blood]. Abnormal increase of the mass of the blood; plethora. After major amputations, with little loss of blood, there is a transient increase, relatively speaking, and this is called P. apocoptica. P. aquosa, a simple increase in the amount of water in the blood. P. hyperalbuminosa, an excess of albumin in the blood-plasma. P. polycythaemica, an increase of the red corpuscles. P. serosa, that condi- tion in which the amount of blood-serum is increased. Polyesthesia, Polyesthesis (pol-e-es-the-2e-ah, pol-e- es-the-sis) [Tožíc, many; aioffmotg; sensation]. An abnormality of sensation in which a single touch is felt as two or more. Polyesthetic (pol-e-es-thef/-ić) [Tožíg, many; aioffmotº, sensation]. Pertaining to polyesthesia. Polygala (Żol-gº-a/-a/.) [Tožic, much ; Yáña, milk]. A genus of herbaceous or shrubby plants of some 26o species. P. senega, of N. America, is therapeutically the most important. See Senega. Polygalactia (pol-ig-al-ak’-te-ah) [Tožic, much; yd3a, milk]. The excessive secretion of milk. See Galac- torrhea. Polygalic Acid (pol-ig-a/-ä) [Toâûg, much ; yáža, milk], Caº HsOls. A glucosid extracted from Poly- gala senega. It is probably the same as saponin. Polygalin (pol-ig’-a/-īn). See Senega. Polygamarin (pol-ig-am/-ar-in) [Tožíg, much ; yáža, milk; amarum, bitter]. A crystalline bitter principle obtained from Polygala amara. Polygamia (pol-ig-a/-me-ah) [Tožūyalloc, polygamous]. A class of plants bearing both hermaphrodite flowers and those with the sexes separated. Polygamous (pol- ig’- am - us) [Tožic, many; yduoc, marriage]. In biology: (a) having more than one mate of the opposite sex ; cf. Polyandrous, Polygyn- otes, (6) producing perfect flowers, together with staminate or pistillate flowers, on the same plant or Species. Polygamy (pol-ig’-am-e) [Tožūg, many; yduoc, mar- riage]. The state or practice of having more than one wife or husband. Polyganglionic (pol-ig-gang-gle-on/-ić) [Tožić, many; YáYYAtov, ganglion]. Having several ganglia. Polygastria (pol-ig-asſ-fre-ah) [Tožūg, much ; yagrão, stomach]. Excessive production of gastric juice. POLYGASTRIC Polygastric (pol-ig-as/-trik) [Tožíg, many; yagrhp, stomach]. Having many stomachs. Polygastrulation (pol- ig-as-tru -la/-shum) [trożóg, many ; Yaothp, stomach]. In biology, multiple gas- trulation. Polygenesis (pol-ij-en’-es-is.) [Tožūg, many; yévegaç, origin]. In biology, the doctrine that organisms may arise from cells of different kinds. Polygenetic (pol-āj-en-et/-īk) [Toñíg, many; yewvāv, to produce]. Pertaining to polygenesis. Polygenism, Polygeny (po/-ij-en-izm, pol/-ij-en-e) [Tožūg, many; Yevvāv, to beget]. In biology, the theory that the different races of man are descended from distinct species. The independent origin of the human races. Cf. Monogeny. Polyglottides (pol-ig-lot/-id-éz). Generation. Polygnathus (pol-ig-na/-thus) [Tožūg, many; yuá60¢, jaw]. A form of double monster in which the para- site is attached to the jaws of the host. It includes epignathus and hypognathus. Polygonal (pol-ig/-o-mal) [Tožūg, many; yovia, angle]. Having many angles. - Polygonate (pol-ig/-o-nāt) [Toâûg, many; yövv, knee]. In biology, many-jointed. Polygonatum (pol-ig-o-ma/-äum). See Solomon’s Seal. Polygoneutic (pol-ig-o-me/-/i4) [Tožūg, many; yºvog, offspring]. In biology, having several broods during the year. Polygoneutism (Zol- ºg - o - mu/-tizm) [Tožíg, many; yóvoc, offspring]. In biology, the state of being polygoneutic. Polygonia (pol-ig-o/-ne-a/.) [Tožíg, many; Yövoc, off- spring]. Great fecundity, especially of the male. Polygonum (pol-g/-o-num) [Tožūyovov, knot-grass]. A genus of polygonaceous plants. P. hydropipero- ides, Smart Weed', Water Pepper, is a plant common in the United States. Its active principle is thought to be polygonic acid. It stimulates the action of the heart and increases arterial tension. It is diuretic, emmenagogue, and aphrodisiac. Externally, it is a rubefacient and vesicant. It is valuable in amenor- rhea and impotence. Dose of the ext. gr. j-v; of the fla. ext, mix–3 j. All unof. Polygraph (poſ/-īg-raf) [Tožūg, many; Ypáſpelv, to record]. A cylindric recording-instrument for multi- plying sphygmographic tracings. It is made to rotate upon its axis by clockwork. Polygraphic (pol-ig-ray/-ić) [Tožíg, many; Ypáðelv, to write]. Pertaining to the polygraph. Polygroma (poſ-ig-ro'-ma/.) [Tožūg, many; moist; opia, tumor]. A large hygroma. Polygynecial (Aol-ij-in-e'-se-a!) || Tožūg, many; yová, female; ołkoç, house]. In biology, containing the pistils or gynecia of several flowers, as a collective fruit. Polygynous (pol-ij/-in-us) [Tožūg, many; Yvuff, fe- male, wife]. In biology: (a) possessing many pistils; (6) having more than one wife or female mate. Polygyral (pol-ij-i/-ral) [Tožić, many; Yipog, a circle, ring]. In biology, having several whorls. Polygyria (pol-ij-i/-re-ah) [Tožic, many; Yipoc, gyre]. Having many gyres. Polyhemia (Żo/-e-hem/-e-a/). See Polyemia. Polyhidrosis (poſ-e-hid-ro/-sis) [Tožić, much ; tāpoolç, sweating]. Excessive perspiration. Polyhydramnios (pol-e-hi-dram/-me-os) [tto%ic, many; ióop, water; āpavíov, amnion]. An excessive pro- duction of the amniotic liquor. Polyhydrate (pol-e - hi’-drāt) [tožíg, much ; ióop, water]. A hydrate containing more than one hydroxyl group. iypóg, 1152 See Alternations of * POLYMETAMERIC Polyhydric (pol-e - hi' - drik) [Tožíg, much; ióop, water]. Containing several hydroxyl groups. Polyidrosis (pol-e-id-ro/-sis). Same as Polyhidrosis. Polykoria (pol-ik-o'-re-a/.) [Tožūg, many; kópm, pupil]. Multiplicity of pupils of the eye. Polylepidous (pol-iſ-ep/-īd-us) [Tożóg, many; Aetric, a scale]. In biology, having many scales. Polyleukocythemia (pol-i/-u-ko-si-the-me-ah). as Zeukocythemia. Polylymphia (pol-iſ-im/-fe-ah) [Tožic, much ; Wippa, lymph]. Synonym of Anasarca. - Polymania (pol-im-a/-ne-ah) [Tožíg, many; manus, hand]. The condition of having more than two hands; polychiria. Polymastia (pol-im-as/-te-ah) [Tožág, many; plaotóg, breast]. The presence in the same person of more than two breasts or nipples. The supernumerary organs may be below the breast proper, in the axilla, or elsewhere about the body. The condition is seen in both sexes. Polymastigate (pol-im-asſ-tig-ăt) [trožíg, many; uác- Tiš (uadTºy-), a whip]. In biology, having several flagella. Polymastigous (pol-im-asſ-tig-us). mastigate. Polymastodont (pol-im-asſ-to-dont) [Tožíg, many; placTóg, a nipple; 6000c (600vt-), tooth]. In biology, having numerous tubercles on the molar teeth. Polymazia (pol-im-a/-ze-ah). Synonym of Polymasſia. Polymelia (pol-im-e'-le-ah) [Tožíg, many; puéWoç, limb). A malformation consisting in the presence of more than the normal number of limbs. Polymelian (pol-im-e'-le-an) [Tožūg, many; uéWog, a limb]. Having supernumerary limbs. Polymelianism (pol-im-e'-le-an-izm) [trožíg, many; pué%0ç, a limb). In biology, having supernumerary limbs. Polymelius, Polymelus (pol-im-e'-le-us, pol-im/-el-us) [Tožíg, many; ué% oç, a limb]. A monstrosity having more than the normal number of limbs. Polymely (pol-im/-el-e). Synonym of Polymelus. Polymenorrhea (pol-im-en-or-e'-ah) [Tožūg, much ; piñv, month; bota, a flow]. Excessive menstrual flow. Polymer (poſ/-īm-er.) [Tožíg, many; puépoc, a part]. A term usually employed to designate a chemic com- pound, the formula of which is a multiple of that of the lowest compound of a chemic series. Polymeria (pol-im-e'-re-ah). See Polymerism. Polymeric (po/-im-er/-ić) [Tožūg, many; pièpoc, part]. Exhibiting polymerism. Polymerid (pol-im/-er-id). Synonym of Polymer. Polymeride (poſſ-im/-er-id) [Tožíg, many ; piépoc, a part]. In chemistry, a compound having the proper- ties of polymerism. Polymerism (pol-im/-er-izm) [Tožíg, many; uépoc, a part]. I. The existence of more than a normal number of parts. 2. A variety of isomerism dependent upon a difference in molecular weight. The compounds presenting it have a formula that is a multiple of that of the lowest compound of the respective series. Polymerization (ſol-im-er-iz-a/-shun.) [Tožic, much ; pépoc, a part]. The apparent fusion or union of two or more molecules of a compound, forming a more complex molecule, with a higher molecular weight and somewhat different physical and chemic properties. Polymerous (pol-im/-er-us) [Tožić, many; pièpoc, part]. In biology, having many parts or organs in a given ar- rangement or structure. Polymetameric (pol-im-et-am-er/-ić) [Tožūg, many; perá, beside; uépoc, part]. Extending over or com- prising two or more metameres. Same Same as Poly- POLYMICROBIC Polymicrobic (pol-im-i-Aro/-bié) [trožíc, many; pukpóg, small; Biog, life]. Containing many kinds of micro- örganisms. - Polymicroscope (pol-im-i/-Aro-sköp) [Tožíc, many; Auſpóg, small; okotreiv, to view]. A microscope ar- ranged on the principle of the revolving stereoscope. Polymicrotome (pol-im-i/-Aro-tom) [Tožūg, many; pukpóg, small; répuetv, to cut]. An instrument making many microscopic sections in a short time. Polymixic (pol-im-iks/-īk) [ToAüutkrog, much mixed, complex]. In biology, applied to groups or masses of materials or organisms, consisting of many species and classes; the opposite of monotonic, y, z. Polymnia (pol-im/-ne-ah) [Tožiuva, Polyhymnia, one of the Muses]. A genus of composite plants. See Aear’s Aoof. Polymorph (poſ/-im-orf) [tronic, many ; Hoppſ, form]. In biology, a variant form or type. Polymorphic (pol- im - or’-ſik) [Tožíg, many : uopºff, form]. Having, or existing in, many forms. In crys- tallography, applied to any substance that crystallizes in more than one form. P. Cells of Carcinoma, the peculiarly-shaped cells found in the center of cancer- nests. Their modified form is due to pressure. The cells were formerly considered diagnostic of carcinoma, but are no longer so. Polymorphism (pol-im-or/ſizm) [Tožíg, many; ſtoppä, form]. In biology, the exhibition of physiologic or morphologic dissimilarity among members of a given group. Sexual dimorphism, trimorphism, or polymor- phism is of frequent occurrence in the animal king- dom; it may be permanent, or temporary and sea- sonal. P., Colonial, arises in consequence of a division of labor among the individuals of a colony. Polymorpho-cellular (pol-im-or/-fo-se/-u-lar) ſtrožíg, many; uopºff, form ; cellula, cell]. Having cells of many forms. º Polymorphous (pol-im-or/-fits) ſtrožíg, many ; poppſ, form]. In biology, exhibiting variations in form, either at different stages of individual development, or among the members of a group. Polymorphy (poſ/-īm-or-ſe). Same as Polymorphism. Polymyositis (pol-im-i-o-si’-ſis) [Tožic, many; (iiig, muscle; truç, inflammation]. A disease of the mus- cles characterized by pain, tension, deformity, pros- tration, edema, sweats, insomnia. The extensor mus- cles are preferably involved ; the diaphragm, larynx, tongue, and pharynx are exempt in mild cases. The spleen is enlarged. The disease is generally fatal. The lesion consists in an actual inflammation—the muscle-fibers present all stages of degeneration, and the interstitial tissue is the seat of a marked round- cell infiltration. P., Acute Progressive, an acute form in which, in a short time nearly all the muscles are involved. It usually ends fatally. P., Parenchy- matous, Puerperal. Synonym of P., Puerperal. P., Puerperal, polymyositis occurring during the puerperium. Polyneural (pol - in - u/- ra/) [Toñig, many; veipov, nerve]. Supplied or innervated by several nerves. Polyneuric (pol-in-w/-rié) [Toxic, many; veipov, nerve]. In biology, applied to a nerve-cell possessing several processes (or neurons) which go to form the axis-cyl- inder of a nerve-fiber, as distinguished from a mono- 7teuric or diazezaric cell. - Polyneuritis (poſſ-in-u-ri/-tis). See Meuritis, Multiple. P. potatorum ; Pseudo-tabes, alcoholic neuritis, ataxia of drunkards, a chronic form of neuritis fol- lowing the immoderate use of alcoholic stimulants. It appears in two distinct varieties, the paralytic and the ataxic. It is characterized by pain in the lower extremities, ataxia, areas of anesthesia, loss of the deep 1153 POLYP and at times of the superficial reflexes; later paraly- sis and atrophy, chiefly of the extensors of the fingers and toes. See Meuritis, Multiple. Polynomial (pol-in-o’-me-a/) || Tožic, many; momen, name]. In biology, denoting a method of nomencla- ture in which the technical names of species are not confined to two terms, the generic and the speciftc. Polynuclear (pol-in-u/-//e-ar) [Tožic, many; nucleus; nucleus]. In biology, having several nuclei; applied to cells in which the nucleus is either lobed or com: posed of several portions united by such delicate nuclear filaments as to give the impression of a multi- nucleated cell in distinction from a mononuclear cell. Polynucleate (po/-in-u/-Ale-ät). Synonym of Multi- nzaclear. Polyodont (poſ/-e-o-dont) [Tožic, many; 600üç, tooth]. In biology, having many teeth; multidentate. Polyodontia (pol-e-o-don/-she-ah) [Tožic, many; 660ic, tooth]. The presence of supernumerary teeth. Polyommatous (pol-e-om/-at-us) [Tožic, many; 6ppia, eye]. In biology, having many eyes. Polyonychia (pol-e-o-mik/-e-ah) [Tožic, many; 6vvš, nail]. Polonychia; the presence of supernumerary nails. Polyonym (pol’-e-o-nim.) [Tožūg, many; 5vvua, name]. In biology, possessing a technical name composed of several terms, such as levator anguli oris, iter a fertio ad quartum ventriculum, etc. Polyonymic (pol-e-o-min/-ić) [Tožic, many; ovvua, name]. In biology, consisting of more than two term S. Polyophthalmia (Aol-e-off-tha/-me-a/.) [Tožic, many; öpffažuóg, eye). A monstrosity possessing Supernu- merary eyes. Polyopia, Polyopsia (pol-e-o'-pe-a/, fo/-e-op/-se-ch} [Tožíc, many; 6 pac, sight]. A condition of the eye wherein more than one image of an object is formed upon the retina. P. monophthalmica, the phe- nomenon of multiple vision with a single eye. Polyorchis (pol-e-or/-kis) [Tožíc, many ; Śpric, a testicle]. One who has more than two testicles. Polyorexia (poſ-e-or-eós/-e-a/.) [Tožic, much ; bossac, appetite]. Excessive hunger, or appetite; bulimia. Polyorganic (pol-e-or-gam/-ić) [Tožić, many; op; arol', an organ]. In biology, having several organs. Polyorrhomenitis (Aoſ-e-or-o-men-i/-ſis) [Tožic, many; öbbóç, serum; i.pl/vº, membrane ; 17tg, inflammation]. Concato's Disease ; a symptom-group defined by Concato as “a phthisis of serous membranes.” The patients are said to suffer from a progressive and ma- lignant inflammation of various serous membranes, the disease finally assuming the aspect of a severe type of pneumonia. The post-mortem findings are mainly those of “dry pleurisy.” Polyorrhymenitis (fo/-e-or-i-men-º’-ſis). Aolyorrhomemitis. Polyosteon, Polyosteum (pol-e-osſ-ſe-on, /o/-e-os’-(e- um) [Tožić, many; boréop, bone]. The tarsus and metatarsus. [Old.] - Polyotia (pol-e-o/-she-a/.) [Tožic, many; otic, ear]. A condition of malformation in which there is more than one auricle on a side. Polyp, Polype (poſ/-īg) [Tožic, many; Toic, foot]. In biology, the name given by Reaumur to the fresh- water hydra (Hydra viridis) and allied animals. “The word is used ambiguously by writers, being often en). ployed to designate the entire composite fabric, the aggregate result of gemmation [in the Hydrozoa). while at other times it is intended to indicate each of those organisms which, almost always furnished with a mouth and tentacles, are developed upon various points of a common living basis, and are eminently Synonym of 73 POLYPANARTHRITIs characteristic of the zoöphytic form.” (Allman.) See Aºoſ/Aus. P.-colony, a colony of polyps. P.-stem, a polyp-stock. P.-stock, in biology, a polypary, or polypidom. Polypanarthritis (poł-ip-an-ar-º/ri/-tis). Synonym of Arthritis deformans. Polypapilloma (pol-ip-a/-il-o/-/a/.) [Tožíg, many; AºA://a, papilla; Šua, tumor: //, Polypapillomata]. A disease of the skin characterized by the formation of multiple papillomata. P. tropicum. Same as Yazºs. Polyparesis (po/-ip-ar/-es-is) [Tožíg, much; Trépeauc, weakness]. General progressive paralysis of the in- Sane, or paralytic dementia. Polyparium (fo/-ip-a/-re-um). Same as Po/p/ary. Polyparous (Aoſ-ipº-ar-us). Same as Multiparous. Polypary (poſ/-ip-a-re) [/o/jpus, a polyp, or many- footed animal]. In biology, “The term polypary has been used with just as little precision as polyp, being Sometimes employed to express the common connect- ing basis—canosarc of a polyp-stock—and at other times being applied exclusively to the solid protective structures, whether forming for the zoöphyte an external covering or constituting an internal axis; the ambigu- ity which then results will be got rid of by using the word coenosarc as here defined, and restricting the term polypary to the solid protective structures of the zoöphyte.” (Allman). Polypathia (pol-ip-a/-the-ah) [trožíg, many; Tráffog, dis- ease]. The presence of several diseases at one time, or the frequent recurrence of disease. Polypathic (pol-ip-a/h/-ić) [Tožíg, many; Tráðoc, dis- ease]. Pertaining to polypathia; affected with several diseases at once. Polypean (po/-i/-e-an) [Tožūg, many; Troic, foot]. Pertaining to a polyp. Polypedia, Polypaedia (pol-ip-e'-de-ah) [Tožūg, many; Taig, child]. Synonym of Superſetation. Polypedia (pol-iſ-e'-de-ah) [tto%ig, many; pes, pedis, foot]. Synonym of Polypodia. - Polyperemia (poſ-î-ſer-e'-me-ah) [trožíg, many; itép, in excess; aipua, blood]. Plethora. Polyperia (poſ-iſ-e'-re-a/.) [Tožíg, many; trºpóg, muti- lated]. Congenital malformation of many organs or artS. Pºerythin (poſ-iſ-er/ -iº/-rin) [Tožūtrovg, a polyp ; £puffpaiog, red]. In biology, a respiratory pigment found by Moseley in various Caelenteratae, it is iden- tical with the hematoporphyrin of MacMunn. See Aigment/s, Conspectus of Polypetalous (pol-iſ-et/-a/-us) [trožíg, many; Trétažov, leaf). In biology, having several distinct petals; apopetalous, as opposed to gamopetalous, 7. z. Polyphagia (/o/-iſ-a/-je-a/). Synonym of Bulimia. Polyphagic (ſol-iſ-a/-jić) [troWüç, many ; payetv, to eat]. Polyphagous. Polyphagous (pol-if”-a-gus). Synonym of Omnivorous. Polyphagy (pol-iſ/-aj-e) [Toàvpáyog eating too much]. The habit of living on various kinds of food. Polypharmacon, Polypharmacum (pol-iſ-ar/-mak-on, po/-iſ-ar/-mak-um) [Tožíg, many; pāpuakov, drug). A medicine containing many ingredients; a panacea. Polypharmacus (pol- if-ar/- ma/ - us) [Tožíg, many; qáppiakov, drug). One who uses drugs too freely. Polypharmacy *po/-if-ar'-mas-e) [towic, many; báppa- ſtov, a drugſ]. The prescription of many drugs at one time; the too free use of drugs. Polyphemous (pol - if-e'- mus) [Toàtic, many; pham, voice]. One-eyed ; cyclopean. Polyphobia (poſ-if-o/-be-ah) ſtrožić, many; $630¢, fear]. Morbid fear of many things. Polyphore ( /o/-iſ-or) [Tožíg, much ; pépetu, to bear]. 1154 POLYPNEIC In biology, a common carrier or receptacle, as of many distinct carpels, e.g., the strawberry. Polyphrasia (pol-iſ-ra/-ze-ah) [Tožūg, much ; ppéoic, speech]. Morbid excess of speech; insane volu- bility; verbigeration. Polyphyletic (pol-fil-et/-i}) [Tožíg, many; ºv%, tribe]. In biology, having several lines of descent; of or pertaining to the doctrine of polygenesis, or special creation. Polyphylline, Polyphyllous (pol-iſ-i/-in, pol-iſ iſ/-us) [ Tožūg, many; ºptºov, leaf J. In biology, many. leaved. Applied to the calyx or corolla, and also to the leaflets of compound leaves. Polyphylly (fo/-iſ-il-e) [ to%g, many; hiſ??ov, leaf J. In biology, an abnormal increase of the number of organs in a whorl. Polyphyodont (żol-iſ-i/-o-dont) [Tožíg, many; pſeuv, produce ; 600üç (bóovt-), tooth]. In biology, applied to animals, as the shark, in which tooth-germs are produced throughout life, and replacement of lost teeth continues indefinitely; opposed to monophyodont and diphyodont. Polyphysia (pol - if- iz/- e - ah) [Tožíg, many; piloa, flatus]. Excessive flatulence. Polypiarium (pol-ip-i-a/-re-um). Same as Polypary. Polypide (pol/-iſ-id) [Tožíg, many; Tóvg, foot]. In biology, the zoöid, consisting of alimentary canal, with tentacles, nervous ganglion, etc., which is de- veloped within the zoécium of Polyzoa, the polype of older writers and bryozoid of Reichert. Polypidom (pol-ip’-id-öm) [trožíg, many; Tróvg, foot; Öóplog, house]. In biology, the aggregate of persons in a coelenterate colony; a polyp-stock. Polypier (pol/-iſ-er) [Tožūg, many; Troög, foot]. A polypide; a polypidom. Polypifer (poſ/-ip-iſ-er) [Tožíg, many; Troög, foot: ºpépetv, to bear]. In biology, a polyp-stock. Polypiferous (pol-iſ-iſ/-er-us) [polypus, polyp; ferre, to bear]. Bearing or giving origin to a polypus. Polypiform (poſ/-iſ-if-orm) [ polypus, polyp; forma, form]. Having the form of a polyp. Polypigerous (pol-iſ-ij/-er-us). Same as Polypiferous. Polypionia (pol- iſ -i-o'- me - ah) [Tožíg, much ; triov, fat]. An excessive deposit of fat in the subcutaneous connective tissue. Polypiosis (po/-ip-i-o/-sis) [Tožíg, much ; Tſov, fat]. Obesity. Polypiparous (pol-iſ-iſ'-ar-zes). Same as Polypiferous. Polypite (pol/-/-it ) [troWüç, many; Troög, foot]. In biology, an individual zoöid, or person, of the Aydro- zoa or Ac/inozoa, whether separate or one of a colony. Polypitrite (pol-2'-it-rit). See Polypotrife. Polyplacid (/o/-iſ-las/-īd) [Tožíg, many; tāakövg, a flat cake]. In biology, bearing more than one madre- poric body, as distinguished from Monoplacid. Polyplast (pol/-iſ-last) [Tožíg, many; Tržáooetv, to form]. Composed of many cells, Polyplastic (pol-ip-las/-tić) [Tožíg, much ; Tââoo’ety, to mold]. A term applied to cells having many sub- stances (more than two) in their composition ; also to cells that undergo many modifications during their transformation into tissues. Polyplastid (pol-ip-las/-tid). See Monoplastid, Polyplastides (pol-ip-las/-tid-22) [Tožíg, many; Tââo- oeuv, to form]. Multicellular organisms; the substi- tute proposed by Götte for Metazoa. Polypnea, Polypnoea (pol-ip-me/-ah) [Tožūg, many; Tvoia, breathing]. Great rapidity of respiration. - Polypneic (pol-ip-me/-īk) [Tožic, many; Tuota, breath- ing]. Pertaining to polypnea; hastening the respira- tion. P. Center, a center the stimulation of which POLYPOD tends to quicken the respiratory movements. Such a center is said to exist in the brain between the striatum and the thalamus. Polypod (poſ/-ip-od) [trožūg, many; Troic, foot]. In biology, having many feet. Polypodesme (pol- iſ -o- dez/- me) ſtrožūtrovg, polyp ; 6éopog, bond]. An instrument for applying a ligature to the pedicle of a polypus. Polypodia (pol-ip-o’-de-a/) ſtrožíc, many; troßg, foot]. A monstrosity possessing supernumerary feet. Polypoid (poſ/-ip-oid) [Tožūtrovg, polypus; eldog, like]. Resembling a polypus. Polyporous (pol-ip/-or-us) [trožíg, many; trópoc, pore]. In biology, having many pores; ethmoid. Polyporus (pol-ip/-o-rus) [Tožūg, many; Tópoc, pore]. A genus of hymenomycetous Fungi represented by many species. P. fomentarius, Amadou, German Tinder; Moxa, a species parasitic on trees, especially the birch. It is a source of amadou. Polyposia, Polyposis (pol- iſ - of- ze - ah, pol-ip-o/-sis) [Tožíg, much; trógic, draught]. Polydipsia. Polypostem (pol/-ip-o-stem). Same as Polypstem. Polypostyle (pol/-ip-o-stil) [troWüç, many; Toíg, foot; otüWoç, a pillar]. In biology, a Dactylozoöid, g. v. Polypotome (pol- iſº/-o - tom) [trožíg, many; Topſfi, a cutting]. An instrument for the excision of polypi. Polypotrite (pol/-ip-o-trit) [Tožūtrovg, polypus; Tpigetv, to rub]. An instrument for crushing polypi. Polypous (pol/-ip-us) [Irožíg, many; Troic, foot]. Of the nature of a polyp. Polyprite (poſ/-ip-rit) [polyus, a polypI. the manubrium of a medusa. Polyptome (pol/-ip-tam). Synonym of Polypotome. Polypus (pol/-ip-us) [Tožíg, many; Troög, foot: pl., Polypi J. A. tumor found especially on mucous mem- branes, as in the nose, bladder, rectum, uterus, etc., and growing from the surface. The majority of polypi are not true tumors, but inflammatory hyperplasias. P., Blood. Synonym of P., Placen/a/. P., Carcinoma- tous, a polyp which is carcinomatous in character. P. carnosus. Synonym of Sarcoma. P., Fibrinous, a polypoid mass on the uterine wall, resulting from the deposition of fibrin from retained blood. The mass may be attached to portions of an ovum or to thrombi at the placental site. P., Fibrous, P., Fleshy, a polypus composed of fibrous tissue chiefly, and common in the intestines and uterus. P., Follicular, one containing many small mucous glands, P., Gelatinous. Synonym of P., Mucous. P., Gland- ular: I. A term given by Thomas to a polypus consist- ing of enlarged mucous glands of the cervix uteri. 2. Adenoma. P. of the Heart, a fibrinous heart-clot. [Old.] P., Lardaceous, one that has undergone lar- daceous, or amyloid, degeneration. P., Lipomatous, a pedunculated lipoma. P., Malignant, a malignant tumor, usually carcinoma, having a polypoid appear- ance. P. mamillae, the nipple, P., Mucous, a soft polypus containing mucoid tissue, P., Myomatous, one consisting largely of unstriped muscle-tissue. P., Osseous, one containing bony tissue. P., Placen- tal, a fibrinous polyp resulting from the deposit of fibrin upon a portion of placenta retained after par- turition. P., Raspberry Cellular, the most common variety of aural polypus, consisting of many small, raspberry-like masses, attached to a central stem which forms the pedicle. P., Sarcomatous, a sar- coma of polypoid form. P., Scirrhous, a dense car- cinomatous polypus. P., Soft. Synonym of P., Mucous, P., Spongy. Synonym of P., Mucous. P., Stony, one the seat of calcareous infiltration. P., Tooth, a polyp developed from the pulp of a carious tooth. P., Vascular, a polypoid angioma. In biology, 1155 POLYSPORE Polyrhizal (pol-ir-i/-za!). Same as Polyrhizous. Polyrhizous (pol-ir-i/-zus) [Tožijg, many; biºa, root]. In biology, many-rooted. Polyrrhea (pol- ir-e'-a/.) [Tožic, much ; boia, flow]. An excessive secretion of fluid. Polysaccharides (pol-is-a/-ar/-id-éz). drates. Polysalicylic Acids (pol-is-a/-is-i/-ić) [Tožūg, many; salix, willow]. Salicylic anhydrids produced by the action of phosphoric oxychlorid on sodium salicylate. Polysarcia (pol - is - ar/- Áe - ah) [Tožić, much ; Gáp;, flesh]. Excessive corpulency; obesity. P. cordis, Synonym of Cor adiposum. Polysarcosis (pol- is - ar-Ao’-sis). sarcza. Polysarcous (pol- is - ar/- Aus) [Tožic, much ; Gáp;, flesh]. Corpulent; exhibiting polysarcia. Polyscelia (pol-is-Ae/-le-a/.) [Tožig, many; oké%0ç, leg]. Excess in the number of legs. Polyscelus (pol-is/-ke-lus) [Toxic, many; oré20c, leg]. A monster having supernumerary legs. Polyschidia (pol-is-Aid/-e-a/.) [Tožíg, many; oxidtov, splinter]. A tendency to carry classification to ex- CeSS. Polyscope (pol/-is-Aſp) [Tožíg, much ; akoteiv, to ob- serve]. An instrument for examining the cavities of the body by illuminating them. P., Electric, an in- strument provided with an electric light which is introduced into a hollow viscus in order to illuminate its internal surfaces. The walls of the organ are pro- tected from the effects of the heat by the presence of Water. Polysepalous (pol-is-ep/-a/-us) [Tožíg, many; sepalum, sepal]. Having several or many distinct sepals. Polysialia (pol- is - i-a/-le-a/.) [Tožíg, much ; ata?ov, spittle]. Excessive flow of saliva. Polysiphonous (pol-is-i/-ſon-us) [Tožic, many; of pov, tube]. In biology, having many siphons. Polysolve (poſ/-is-o/v). See Sulphoricineolic Acid. Polysomatia (pol-is-o-ma’-she-ah). Synonym of Poly- sarcza. Polysomatic (po/- is -o-mat/- #) [Tožic, many; adua, body]. Consisting of an aggregation of grains. Polysomia (pol- is -o/- me - ah) [Tožic, many; adua, body]. A type of monstrosity having more than a single body or trunk. Polysomitic (ſol- is -o- miſ/- $4) [Tožíc, many; adua, body]. In biology, made up of a number of distinct SOnllteS. Polyspaston (pol-is-pas/-ton) [Tožig, many; otiv, to draw]. A pulley used for the reduction of disloca- tions. Polysperm (pol/-is-perm) [trožic, many; otépua, seed]. In biology, a plant the fruit of which contains many seeds. Polyspermal (pol-is-per/-mal). Same as Po/rspermous. Polyspermism (pol- is - per/- mism.) [Tožíg, much ; otépua, seed]. The secretion and discharge of an excessive quantity of seminal fluid. Polyspermous (pol-is-per/-mus) [Tožić, many; otépua, seed]. In biology, containing many seeds, as a berry. Cf. Pleiospermous. Polyspermy (pol/- is -per-me) [Tožic, many; airépua, seed]. In biology, impregnation of an ovum by several spermatozoids. Polyspire (poſ/-is-pir) [Tožic, many; ofteipa, a coil]. In biology, having a continued spiral growth. Polysporangium (pol-is-po-ran’-ſe-um) [Tožíg, many ; otópog, spore]. In biology, a sporangium containing many spores. Polyspore (poſ/-is-gor) [Toàic, many; otópoc, spore]. In biology, a compound spore. See Carbohy- Synonym of Poly- POLYSPORED Polyspored (pol/-is-ford) [Tožūg, many; atópoç, spore]. In biology, containing or producing many spores. Polysporic (Aol-is-por/-ī4). Same as Polysporous, Polysporous (pol- is -por’- us) [Tožūg, many; otópog, spore]. In biology, producing many spores. Polystachous (pol-is/-ta/-us) [Tožić, many; orឺvg, an ear of corn, a spike]. In biology, having many spikes. Polystemonous (pol-is-tem/-o-nus) [Irožūg, many; oth- plov, wasp (stamen)]. In biology, having many more stamens than petals. Cf. Zsoséemonous, Polyandrous. Polystichia (Aol - is - fi//- e - a/.) [Toñig, many; otirog, row]. A condition in which the eye-lashes are ar- ranged in two or more rows. Polystichous (po/-is/-/i/-us) [Tožūg, many; otixoç, row, line]. In biology, arranged in many rows. Cf. Ak/onostic/lous, Distic/lous. • ‘ Polystigmous (Žo/-is-tig’-mus) [Tožūg, many; oriyua, mark]. In biology, applied to flowers that present many stigmas, from being polycarpellary. Polystomatous (pol-is-to'-mat-us) [Toâûg, many; otóua, mouth]. Having many mouths or apertures. Polystylous (pol- is - ti’-lus) [Tožūg, many; otiñog, column]. In biology, having several styles. Polysulphid, Polysulphuret (pol-is-ul/-/id, pol-is-ul/- ſea-red) [Tožūg, many; see/phur, sulphurj. A com- pound of an element or radicle with one or more molecules of sulphur. Polysymmetria (pol- is - im - et/- re-ah) [Tožíg, many; ovupſetpia, symmetry]. Symmetry of the two sides of the body at two or more points. Polytechnic (poſ-it-e/-nik) [rožūg, many; Téxum, a art]. Comprising many arts. . Polyterpene (pol-it-er/ºpen) [Tožić, many; terpene]. In chemistry, one of a class of substances polymeric with the terpenes. Caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and dammar-resin are polyterpenes. Polythalamic (po/-ith-a/-am-ić) [Tožíg, many; 6áža- plog, chamber]. In biology, having many chambers; thalamophorous. . Polythalamous (pol- ith -a/- am - us) [Tožić, many; 6áñaplog, chamber]. In biology, having several cham- bers or compartments; multilocular. Polythecial (/o/-ith-e'-se-al)[Tožūg, many; thºm, case]. In biology, forming or pertaining to a polythecium. Polythecium (pol-iſh-e'-se-um) [Tožūg, many; 6%km, a box : //, /o/y//ecial. In biology, a compound zoöthecium. Polythelia, Polythelism (pol-ith-e/-/e-ah, poſ/-īth-e/. izm) ſtrožíg, many; 0.7%, nipple]. The presence of supernumerary nipples. Polytocia (/o/-it-o/-se-a/). Synonym of Fecundity. Polytocous (/o/-iº/-o-kus)[Tožūg, many; Tekelv, to bring forth]. In biology : (a) the bringing forth of several young at a birth; (b) producing fruit year after year. Polytomous (pol-iº/-o-mus) [Tožūg, many ; Tapeiv, to cut]. In biology, applied to leaves which are divided into numerous parts, not true leaflets, or to stems repeatedly forked. Polytomy (pol-iº/-o-me) [Tožic, many; Těſtyev, to cut]. In biology, division into several parts. Polytrichia, Polytrichosis (/o/-it-ri/-e-ah, pol-it-rić- o/-sis) [Tožíg, many; 6píš, hair]. ment of hair. Polytrichous (pol- if/- rić - us) [Tožūc, many; 6píš, a hair]. In biology, bearing numerous hairs or cilia. Polytrochal (po/-itſ-ro-Ma/) ſtroWüç, many; Tboxóg, a wheel]. certain embryos. Cf. Meso/rocha/, 7e/otrocha/. Polytrochous (pol-it-ro'-kus). Same as Polytrochal. Polytrophia, Polytrophy (pol. it-roºfe-ah, pol/-it-roºfe) [Tožic, much ; Tpopeia, nourishment]. excessive nutrition. 1156 Excessive develop- In biology, having several ciliated zones, as Abundant or POMPHOLYX Polytypal (pol-it-tº-pal) [frožic, many; ritos, type]. Exhibiting various types, or forms. Polyuresia, Polyuresis (po/-e-u-re/-ze-a/, fo/-e-u-re/- sis). Synonyms of Polyuria. Polyuria (pol-e-et/-re-a/.) [Tožūg, much ; otpov, urine]. Excessive secretion of urine. The causes of tempo- rary polyuria are, excessive ingestion of fluids, cold, suppression of perspiration, the use of diuretics; it occurs in the crisis of fevers, and in certain neurotic conditions, as hysteria, and in nervous excitement. A permanent polyuria is met with in diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, chronic interstitial nephritis, and in amyloid disease of the kidneys. Polyuric (pol-e-u/-rik) [trožíg, many; oipov, urine]. I. Pertaining to, or affected with, polyuria. 2. One affected with polyuria. Polyvalent (pol-iv/-a/-ent). Synonym of Multivalent. Polyzoa (pol-iz-o/-ah) [Tożóg, many ; ; Gov, animal]. The sea-mats, or sea-mosses. - Polyzoan (£o/-iz-o/-am) [Tožūg, many; ſóov, animal]. In biology: (a) a member of the group of Vermes more properly termed Bryozoa, which are developed in variously-shaped attached stocks; (b) one of the segmented tape-worms or cestode stocks arising by strobilation. - - Polyzoarium (pol-iz-o-a/-re-um) [Tožūg, many; Śājov, an animal : pl., Polyzoaria]. Same as Zoarium, Polyzoary (pol-iz-o/-a-re) [Tožūg, many; ºpov, ani- mal]. In biology, a compound polyzoan. Polyzoöid (pol-iz-o/-oid) [Toàic, many; Cºov, animal; eiðog, form]. In biology, composed of many zoöids. Poma (po'-mah) [Tàua, lid, cover ; pl., Pomata]. The name applied to the so-called occipital operculum of the brain of the monkey. Pomaceous (po-ma/-se-us) [pomum, apple]. Pertain- ing to the apple, or to fruits like the apple. - Pomade (po’-mād) [pomum, apple]. Any perfumed ointment or preparation for inunction of the scalp or other parts. P., Putz, a proprietary preparation used to burnish metal. Pomander (po-man/-der) [pomum, apple]. A ball composed of aromatics, formerly carried about the person to prevent infection; also, the globular case in which the same was kept. Pomarine (pom/-ar-in). See Pomatorhine. Pomatic (po-mat/-äA) [Tàua, lid.]. Pertaining to the poma. Pomatorhine (po-mat/-o-rin) [Tópta, lid, cover; big, nose]. In biology, applied to birds which have an operculum over the nostrils. Pomatum (po-ma/-tum). Same as Pomade. Pome (pām) [pomum, fruit]. In biology, a fleshy fruit like the apple, which is syncarpous, succulent, and whose bulk is made up chiefly of enlarged and adherent calyx. Pomegranate (pom/-gran-e/). See Granaſum. Pomiferous (po-miſ’-er-us) [pomum, fruit; ferre, to bear]. Pome-bearing. Pomiform (po'-miſ-orm) [/o/num, an apple; forma, form]. Having the form of a pome. Pommade (pom-a/a') [Fr.]. See Pomade. Pommelière (pom/-/e-ār)[Fr.]. Tuberculosis of cattle, Pompeian Red. Same as Ocher. Pompholygmus (pomºfo-lig/-mus) [Topſpóżvš, bubble]. A bullous eruption. 4. Pompholygodermatitis Synonym of Pemphigus. Pompholyx (pom/-fo - liks) [Toup6%uš, bubble]. I. Cheiropompholyx; Dysidrosis. A disease of rare occurrence, characterized by vesicular and bullous eruptions limited to the hands and feet. The disease occurs in depressed states of the nervous system, is ( pom-ſo-lig-o-der-mat-i' -čis). POMPHUS more common in women, but is met with chiefly in adult and middle life. By some it is considered a disease of the sweat-glands, by others not. The dis- ease is curable, but tends to recur. 2. Sometimes used as a synonym for Pemphigus. 3. Zinc oxid, called Alozvers of Zinc, and Philosophers' Wool. Pomphus (pom/-ſus) [tropºpóg, blister: pl., Pomphi J. Wheal, Urtica, a circumscribed edema of the co- rium, producing a flat elevation of the epidermis at that point; it is usually the result of angio-neurotic irritation. Pomphi vary in size from a pin's head to a goose's egg, are of irregular outline, and of a whitish color with a pink areola. They are evolved rapidly, and usually last only a few hours or days. Pomum (po’ - mum) [L., pl., Poma]. Apple. P. adami [L., Adam’s apple], the ridge or prominence in the front of the neck caused by the projection of the thyroid cartilage. It is most marked in males. P. quercina, nut-gall. - Ponceau (pon-so/). See Pigments, Conspectus of Pond's Extract. See Hamamelis. P.'s Recipe, a recipe for varnish to preserve sphygmographic and cardiographic tracings. Alcohol, one pint ; gum san- darac, three ounces; castor-oil, half ounce. Mix. Ponding (pond"-ing) [ME., pond, a pond]. The ac- cumulation of liquid as in a pond. P. of the Liquor amnii, the collection of a considerable amount of liquor amnii above the presenting part of the fetus after the membranes have ruptured in the second stage of labor. Pongamia (pon-ga/-me-ah) [E. Ind. pongam). A genus of East Indian trees. Kurung oil is the oil expressed from the seeds of P. glabra, native to India, China, and Australia. It is recommended in parasitic dis- eases of the skin, and is efficacious in pityriasis versi- color, herpes, and rheumatism, and is useful in lepra. Unof. Ponos (po’-nos) [Tóvoc, pain]. A chronic febrile dis- ease endemic on the Greek islands of Spetzia and Hydra. The disease bears some resemblance to pseudoleukemia and to tuberculosis. Pons [pons, bridge]. A process or bridge of tissue connecting two parts of an organ. P. cerebelli. Same as P. varolii. P. hepatis, the hepatic substance some- times extending from the quadrate to the left lobe of the liver. P. tarini, the posterior perforated space, a mass of gray substance lying behind the corpora albi- cantia and joining the crura cerebri. It helps to form the floor of the third ventricle. P. varolii (or simply Pons), a convex white eminence situated at the base of the brain, behind its center. It is placed cephalad of the oblongata, ventrad of the cerebellum, and caudad of the cerebrum, and is connected with all three. It rests upon the sphenobasilar groove; it is quadrate in outline, about 25 cm. wide antero-posteriorly, and is marked on its ventral surface by a longitudinal groove for the lodgment of the basilar artery. It is contracted laterally on account of the closer aggregation of its fibers, which converge to form the middle peduncles of the cerebellum. Its cephalic margin is convex and well defined, and arches over the crura. From the cepha- lad surface of the pons, a little ventral, arises the fifth or trigeminus nerve. In structure the pons consists chiefly of nerve-fibers, but it contains also areas of gray matter, the pontine nuclei. On section it consists of two portions, a dorsal and a ventral. The latter con- tains transverse commissural fibers and is traversed by the ventral pyramids of the oblongata. The pyramidal fibers in the caudal half of the pons are collected into two closely-packed groups of bundles invested in front and behind by a layer of transverse fibers; higher up, above the middle of the pons, the pyramidal tracts be- 1157 PONTAL come separated by the penetrating transverse bundles into a number of fasciculi. The presence of the pyra- mids thus gives rise to three sets of fibers—the ven- tral or superficial, the dorsal or deep, and the middle or penetrating. Interspersed in the gray matter occupying the interstices of the ventral portion of the pons small multipolar cells are found. The dorsal portion of the pons consists largely of gray matter which is continued up from below, especially the formatio reticularis and the dorsal tracts of gray substance. In places the gray matter is grouped to form the nuclei of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth nerves. In the lower part of the pons there is a small, folded gray lamina, distinguished as the superior olivary nucleus. It is en- closed by Some transverse fibers known as the trape- zium. A group of darkly-pigmented cells is found in PONS AND MEDULLA. ANTERIOR ASPECT. I. Infundibulum. 2. Tuber cinereum. 3. Corpora albicantia, or, mammillaria; 4. Cerebral peduncle, 5. Pons varolii. 6. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 7. Anterior pyrannid. 8. De- cussation. 9. Olivary body. Io. Gray tubercle of Rolando. II. Arciform fibers. 2. Superior extremity of spinal cord. 13, 13. Denticulate ligament. 14. Spinal dura mater. 15. Optic tract. 16, Optic chiasm., 17. Third nerve. 18. Fourth nerve. , 19. Fifth nerve. 20. Sixth nerve, 21. Facial nerve. 22. Auditory nerve. 23. Nerve of Wrisberg. 24. Glosso- pharyngeal nerve. 25. Vagus nerve. sory nerve, 27. Hypoglossal nerve. 29. 2d cervical pair. 26, 26. Spinal acces- - 28. Ist cervical pair. 30, 3d cervical pair. the floor of the fourth ventricle; collectively, this is visible to the naked eye as a dark area, known as the substantia ferruginea ; seen through the floor of the fourth ventricle, this area appears of a bluish-gray color, whence the name loczºs caruſeus. Mesad of the substantia ferruginea lies an angular tract of white matter, the posterior ſongifºrdina/ bund/, which is a continuation upward of the ventral ground- bundle of the cord. The pons is developed from that part of the third brain-vesicle known as the hind. ôrain or effencephalozz. Pontal (pom/-/a/ ) [ ſons, bridge]. Same as Pontiſe. PONTIBRACHIUM Pontibrachium (pon-fib - ra/- Ae- um) [pons, bridge; brachium, arm]. The middle peduncle of the cere- bellum. Pontic (pom/-tić) [pons, bridge]. Same as Pontile. Ponticulus (pom-fi/-u-/us) [dim. of pons, bridge]. A small, transverse ridge between the pyramids of the oblongata and the pons. P. auriculae, a slight promi- nence on the eminentia conchae for the attachment of the retrahens aurem muscle. P. hepaticus, a bridge of tissue, containing a plexus of blood-vessels, and ex- tending from the surface of the Spigelian to that of the right lobe of the liver. Pontile (pom/-til) [pons, bridge]. Pertaining to the pons. P. Hemiplegia, this is very often an alternate /hemiplegia, in which the arm and leg on one side, and the face on the other, are paralyzed. This con- dition occurs when the lesion is situated low down in the pons, below the decussation of the fibers of the facial nerve, and above that of the pyramidal tracts. Small lesions high in the pons, produce an ordinary hemiplegia. P. Nuclei, a collection of gray matter in the Dons. Pontinal (pom/-tin-al) [pons, a bridge]. In biology, bridging; applied specifically to one of the bones in the skull of certain fishes, bridging the space between the sub-orbital region and preoperculum (Dactylopteroidea). Pontine (pom/-tim) [pons, bridge]. Same as Pontile. Ponto-bulbar (pom/-to-bul'-bar) [pons, bridge; bulbus, bulb). Pertaining to the pons varolii and to the bul- bus spinalis (or oblongata). Ponto-crural (pon’-to-kru/-ral) [pons, bridge; crus, leg). Pertaining to the pons varolii and the crura cerebri. Poop, Pope (poop, pop) [origin obscure]. A collo- quial term used by foot-ball players to designate an injury to the front and outer side of the thigh, which causes more or less disability. Poor-man’s Bandage. See Galen's Bandage. Pop-eyed (pop/-īd). Having pop-eyes. P.-eyes, full and bulging eyes. See Exophthalmos. Poplar (pop/-/ar). See Populus. Poples (pop/-/ez) [L.]. The back of the knee, or pop- liteal space. Poplitead (pop-lit-e'-ad) [poples, ham; ad, to]. Toward the popliteal aspect. Popliteal (pop-lit-e'-al) [poples, ham, hock, or knee]. Pertaining to the hinder part of the knee-joint or ham. DEEP VIEW OF THE POPLI- TEAL SPACE. I. Popliteal vein. 2. Popliteal artery. teal nerve. 4. Vastus inter- nus. 5. Superior internal articular artery. 6. Tendon of semi-membranosus. 7. Inner head of gastrocne- mius. 8. Inferior internal articular artery. 9. Popli- teal vein. Io. Popliteus. II. Tendon of plantaris. I2. Short head of biceps 13. External popliteal nerve. 14. Long head of , biceps, cut. 15. Outer head of gas- trocnemius. 16. Communi- cans peronel nerve. I7. A 17 Soleus. P. Aneurysm, aneurysm of the popliteal artery. P. Artery. See Arteries, 7able of. P. Aspect, the 1158 3. Internal popli- PORCELAIN posterior aspect of the knee. P. Bursa, one of the bursae in the popliteal space. P. Glands, the lymphatic glands of the popliteal space. P. Ligament, the pos- terior ligament of the knee-joint. P. Nerve. See AVerves, Zable of. P. Region. Same as P. Space. P. Space, the lozenge-shaped space occupying the lower third of the thigh and the upper fifth of the leg. Its boundaries are: above, and to the outer side, the tendon of the biceps; on the outer side, and below, the plantaris and the outer head of the gastroc- nemius; on the inner side, above, from within outward the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus, and the gracilis, on the inner side, below, the inner head of the gastrocnemius. The roof is formed by the popliteal fascia; the floor, by the lower part of the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur, the pos- terior ligament of the knee-joint, the upper end of the tibia, and the fascia covering the popliteus muscle. The contents of the space are: the popliteal vessels and their branches, the termination of the external Saphenous vein, the internal and external popliteal nerves and their branches, the small sciatic nerve, the articular branch from the obturator nerve, a few lymphatic glands, and some adipose tissue. P. Sur- face, the surface of the femur between the supracon- dylar lines. P. Tendons, the tendons of the muscles forming the boundaries of the popliteal space; the ham- strings. P. Vein, the companion vein of the popliteal artery. Popliteen (pop-lit-e'-en) [poples, ham]. the poples in itself. Popliteus, Poplitaeus (pop-lit-e'-us) [poples, ham]. Pertaining to the poples. The ham or hinder part of the knee-joint. P. accessorius, a small anomalous muscle arising from the external femoral condyle or from a sesamoid bone in the external gastrocnemius, and in- serted into the capsular ligament of the knee-joint. P. biceps, P. geminus. Synonyms of P. accessorius. P. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of Poplitic (pop-lit'-ié) [poples, the ham]. Popliteal. Poppy (pop/-e) [ME., popy, poppy]. See Papaver. .-seed, the seeds of Papaver somniferum, used in Germany, and sometimes among Germans in this country, to strew on the bread-dough in order to give it a certain flavor. P.-seed Oil, Oleum papaveris, is obtained from the seeds of the opium-poppy by pres- sure. It is of a pale-yellow color and a slightly sweetish taste; specific gravity, .925 at 15° C. It is used for salads, paints, soaps, and to adulterate olive- oil and almond-oil. Population (pop-u-la/-shum) [populus, people]. The mass of people dwelling within a given geographic or political area. P., Malthusian Law of Increase of, that the number of individuals of a society tends to increase faster than the food-product, so that there is always a pressure on the means of subsistence. Populin (pop/-u-lin) [populus, poplar], CooH,Os. I. Benzosalicin. A substance contained in several varieties of poplar; it is the benzoyl derivative of Salicin; it crystallizes in small prisms containing two molecules of water, dissolves with difficulty in water, and possesses a sweet taste. It is said to possess febrifuge properties, and has also been used in dysuria, 2. A precipitate from a tincture of the bark of Populus tremuſoides, tonic, stomachic, vermifuge, anti-period- ic, and febrifuge. Dose 2 to 4 grains. Unof. Populus (pop/-u-lus) [L.]. Poplar. The resin of the leaf-buds of several species is used for pectoral and nephritic troubles. Unof. Porcate (for’-kāf) [porca, a ridge between two fur- rows]. In biology, deeply furrowed. Porcelain(?ors'-lem) [It., porceſ/ama, porcelain]. An Belonging to PORCUPINE impure silicate of aluminum, non-transparent and ex- ceedingly infusible. It is made from porcelain-clay, or kaolin (H2Al2Si2Os -- H2O), derived from feldspar rock by the atmospheric process known as “weathering.” Heated in a furnace, it loses water, and a porous mass is produced. In making porcelain the powdered kaolin is mixed with water to a thick paste, and then molded into the desired shape. A little feldspar, chalk, or gypsum is added to the clay in order to form a fusible silicate, in quantity just sufficient to bind the particles of clay firmly together. Upon firing, as the process is called, a porous “biscuit-ware '' is obtained, which is afterward subjected to the process of glazing. For the finest porcelain the glazing material is feld- spar; for the cheaper varieties a mixture of clay, chalk, ground-flints, and borax is used. Earthenware is salt-glazed. There are also other methods of glaz- ing. The colors used in decorating porcelain consist of various metallic oxids, and may be applied before or after glazing. P.-glass, a glass which resembles porcelain, made by fusing cryolite, a double fluorid of aluminum and sodium, with sand. P. Teeth, mineral feet/. , incorruptible teeth, silicious terro- metal/ic teeth , wit/-escent teeth dental substitutes, resembling, more or less closely, the shape and color of the natural teeth, so constructed that they may be securely fixed to the various attachments employed for their adjustment and retention in the mouth. They are composed of feldspar, silex, and other mineral substances. Porcupine (por’-ku-pin) [porcus, a hog; spina, spine]. A rodent quadruped of the family Hystricidae. It is covered with sharp spines. P. Disease. See Aystrix. P.-men, persons affected with Ichthyosis hystrix. P.-skin, an extreme degree of Ichthyosis Aystrix. Pore (pār) [Tópoç, a pore]. In biology, a minute cir- cular opening or perforation. P., Abdominal, in certain fishes, the opening by which the abdominal cavity communicates with the exterior, and through which the ova are discharged. Ps. of the Skin, the openings of the ducts of the sebaceous and sweat- glands of the skin. Ps., Sweat, the orifices of the ducts of the sweat-glands. P., Vascular, in the round-worms, a transverse opening situated on the ventral surface and forming the common orifice of the two lateral vessels which are thought to be excre- tory organs. Porencephalia (por-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [ trópoc, cavity; êykéðahog, brain]. The presence of depressions on the surface of the hemispheres of the brain, owing to absence of portions of brain-substance. The defects are covered by pia and arachnoid, except in cases in which a communication with the ventricles exists. The term is generally restricted to limited congenital defects, although by some it is extended to include those that are acquired. Porencephalic (por-en-seſ-a/-ä). cephalous. Porencephalous (por-en-sef’-al-us) [ trópog, cavity; ëykéðahog, brain]. Affected with porencephalia. Porencephalus (por-en-sef’-a/-us). See Porencephalia. Porencephaly (por-en-sef’-al-e). Synonym of Poren- cephalia. Poreutes (po-ru/-tez) [Topečetv, to convey]. Ameboid cells of Kollmann, derived from ačroblasts, from which the blood and its corpuscles, the endothelium of the vessels, and the wandering cells are developed. Poriferous (por-if/-er-us) [Tópoc, pore; ferre, to bear]. In biology, provided with pores. Poriform (por’-form) [Tópoc, pore; forma, form]. Having the form of a pore. Same as Poren- 1159 POROTIC Poristotropia (por-is-to-tro/-pe-ah) [tropičety, to pro- vide; Tporà, a turning]. A chemic process by which, according to Ritgen, the existing atoms are destroyed and new atoms produced whenever a new substance is formed. Pork [ porcus, hog]. The flesh of swine, Sus scrofa. P., Diseases of, the parasitic diseases are of interest. Pork may be infested with the scolices of the Taenia solium and with the Trichina spiralis. The former, known as cysticercus cellulosae, or “measle,’’ is con- tained within a fibrous capsule. If such measly pork is ingested in the raw state by man, the cyst-wall is dissolved in the stomach, and the scolex is set free, and develops into a tape-worm. Pork containing trichinae, if eaten without proper cooking, gives rise to trichi- niasis, a grave and sometimes fatal disease. See Trichimiasis and Measles; also Cysticercus and 77-i- china, under Parasites (Animal), Table of. An im- portant infectious disease of swine is Rouget du porc, Schweinerothlazeſ, or Swine-plague. See Rouget die porc, and Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur, and Bacillus of Swine-plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Pornograph (połº-no-graf) [Tápum, prostitute; Ypáðelv, to write]. An obscene picture or writing. Pornographer (por - mog/- ra - fer) [Tópum, prostitute; ypágetv, to write]. One who writes of prostitutes or obscene subjects. Pornographic (por-no-graf’-ik) [Tópv), prostitute ; ypáðelv, to write]. Of or pertaining to pornography. Pornography (por-nog/-ra-ſe) [Tópvy, a prostitute ; ypágetv, to write]. I. A treatise on prostitution, with reference to public hygiene. 2. Obscene writing. Porocele (po’-ro-sel) [Tópog, callus; ká%m, tumor]. A scrotal hernia in which the coverings are calloused or hardened. Porodinic (po-ro-din/-i}) [Tópoc, a pore; divog, rota- tion, a round area]. In biology, reproduction by means of genital pores; distinguished from Schizo- dinic. Cf. A/ephrodinic, Idiodinic. Porokeratosis (po - ro - Aer-at-o/-sis) [Tópog, callus; képaç, a horn|}. A keratosis appearing in raised or Smooth areas, of varying size, irregular form, circum- scribed outline, at the summit of which a thin layer of horny tissue of linear arrangement is present. The affection is usually seated on the dorsal aspect of the hands and feet (never on the palmar or plantar surface), the extensor aspect of the forearms and legs, neck, face and scalp. Poroma (po-ro'-mah) [Tópoual. A callosity. Poromphalocele (po-rom-ſa/-o-sel) [Tàpoç, callus; ôupañóç, navel; Rºm, tumor]. An umbilical hernia with hardened contents. Poromphalon, Poromphalos (po-rom/eſa/-on, po-rom/- faſ-os). Synonym of Poromphalocele. Porophyllous (Aor-o-ft/-us)[Tópoc, pore; pú??ov, leafl. In biology, having leaves sprinkled with transparent points. Poroplastic (por-o-plas/-fi/.) [Tópoc, pore; Tââoosty, to mold]. Porous and plastic. P. Felt, a porous felt which is readily molded; it is used in the pre- paration of splints and jackets. P. Jacket, a form of jacket used in the treatment of spinal curvatures. Porose (Aor/-62) [Aorus, a pore]. In biology, per- forate. Porosis (po-ro’-sis) [Tópoç, callus]. The formation of callus. , P., Osteo-. See Osteoporosis. P. palpe- brae. Synonym of Chalazion. . Porosity (por-osſ-if-e) [Irópoc, cavity]. of being porous. Porotic (po-rotº-ić) [Tópoc, callus]. formation of callus. The condition Favoring the Of the nature of callus. POROTOMY Porotomy (por-of/-o-me) [Irópoc, pore; Touff, a cutting]. The operation of enlarging by incision the meatus of the urethra. Porous (£o’-rus) [Tópog, cavity, pore]. openings, or pores. Porphyra (por/ſir-a/) [Toppūpa, purple]. Porphyry, one of the eruptive rocks. The leaf or tablet of por- phyra is used by pharmacists in the preparation of compounds. The name has been used to designate Scurvy and purpura, 7. v. P. nautica. Synonym of Scurvy. P. of the Greeks. Synonym of Aurpura. Porphyration (Aor-fºr-a/- shun) ( Toppūpa, purple]. The term applied by Küss and Duval to the first stage in the gastric digestion of albuminoid substances. Porphyrin (por’-ſir- in ) I Toppūpa, purple]. An amorphous substance contained in a variety of Dita ôará. Porphyrisma (por-ſir-iz/- mah) [Toppūpa, purple]. Synonym of Scarlet-fever. Porphyrization (porºſir-iz-a/-shun) [Toppípa, purple]. In pharmacy, the pulverization of a substance by crushing it with a muller on a hard surface, usually of porphyry. * Porphyrodermitis (por-ſir-o-der-mi/-täs) [Toppūpa, purple; déppia, skin; itag, inflammation]. One of a group of skin-diseases including hemorrhagic maculae and petechiae. Porphyrotyphus (porºſºr-o-fi/ſus) [Toppūpa, purple; Tūpog, typhus]. Synonym of Zyphus Fever. Porphyroxin (Aor-ſiz-o/s/-īn) [Top pipa, purple; 6:0g, acid]. I. One of the alkaloids of opium, becoming purple when heated with dilute hydrochloric acid. 2. Porphyrin, g. v. Porphyruria (Aorºſz-zz/-re-a/.) [Toppípa, purple; oipov, urine]. The discharge of urine colored with purpurin. Porpoise Oil. See Oleum de/p/lini. - Porraceous (por-a/-se-us) [/orrum, leek]. green-colored, like leek-leaves. Porrect (po’-rekt) [for, forth; regere, to stretch]. In biology, outstretched. Porret's Phenomenon. When a galvanic current is conducted through living, fresh, sarcous substance, the contents of the muscular fiber exhibit a streaming movement from the positive to the negative pole (as in all other fluids), so that the fiber swells at the nega- tive pole. See also Phenomenon. Porrigo (/or-i/-go) [L., gen. Porriginis]. An obsolete term applied to several diseases of the scalp. P. ami- antacea. Synonym of Seborrhaea capitãs. P. con- Having small Of stools, tagiosa. See /mpetigo contagiosa. P. decalvans. See Alopecia areata. P. favosa. See Favus. P. furfurans. Synonym of Tinea tonsurans. P. lar- valis, impetigo of the scalp conjoined with eczema. P. lupinosa. Synonym of Tinea favosa. P. scu- tulata. Synonym of Aravues. P. tonsoria. Syn- onym of Alopecia areaſa. Porrigophyta, Porrigophyte (por-ig-off’-it-ah, por/-īg- o-fi/). Same as Favus. Porrisic Acid (£or-iz/-ić). See Auxanthinic Acid. Porro's Operation. See Operation, Porro's. Port [after Oporto, a city in Portugal]. A wine of Portugal. P.-wine. Same as Port. See also Vinum. P.-wine Mark or Stain. See AVævus vascularis and AV. ma/ernus. Porta (por’-ta/.) [L.]. I. Gate; the hilus of an organ through which the vessels enter. 2. The foramen of Monro. P. hepatis, P. jecoris, the transverse fissure of the liver, through which the vessels enter. P. labyrinthi, the fenestra rotunda. P. omenti, the foramen of Winslow. Portagion (Žor-ſa/-je-on) [??ortagium, portage; portare, to carry. Cf. Com/agion]. A portable materies morbi; 1160 PORTION a disease-germ that may be carried; the transmission, or carrying from place to place, of disease-germs. Portal (por’-tal) [porta, gate]. Pertaining to the porta or hilus of an organ, especially to the porta hepatis. P. Canals, tubular passages in the hepatic substance, containing each a branch of the portal vein, of the hepatic artery, and of the hepatic duct. P. Circulation, “the passage of venous blood from the capillaries of one organ to those of another before reaching the heart. There are two such circulations, through the liver and through the kidneys, distin- guished as hepatoportal and reniportal. Only the former occurs in man.” The portal circulation of the human body includes the venous blood from the chylopoietic viscera (stomach, spleen, and intestines), and this is carried to the liver by means of the portal vein. P. Fissure. See Fissure. P. Fossa, the transverse fissure of the liver. P. System, the system of veins collecting the venous blood from the diges- tive tract. P. Vein, the large vein entering the liver at the transverse fissure, and bringing to it the blood from the digestive tract and the spleen. Portal’s Syrup. A syrup used in scurvy, and con- taining horseradish-root, scurvy - grass, nasturtium, gentian, cinchona, and madder. Porte-, or Port- [portare, to carry]. A carrier, or holder. P.-acid, an instrument for the local appli- cation of an acid. P.-aiguille. See AVeedle-holder. P.-caustique, a holder for the stick of caustic. P.- cordon, an instrument for replacing a prolapsed funis. P.-crayon. See P.-caustic. P.-fil. Syno- nym of P.-ligature. P.-fillet, an instrument for applying a fillet to some part of the fetal body. P.- ligature, an instrument for applying a ligature to a deep part. P.-moxa. See Moxa. P.-noeud, an instrument for applying a ligature to the pedicle of a tumor. P.-pierre. Synonym of P.-caustique. Porter (por’-ter). See Malt Liquors. Porter's Sign. See Tracheal Tugging, and Signs and Symptoms, 7able of Porticus subgenitalis. See Syndemnium. Portio (por/-she-o) [L.]. Portion. Also, an abbre- viated expression for portio vaginalis uteri—the vaginal portion of the uterus. P. alba cerebri, the white substance of the brain. P. aryvocalis, a short muscle attached anteriorly to the vocal band and posteriorly to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. P. axillaris, the second part of the axillary artery. P. brachialis, the third part of the axillary artery. P. cervicalis, the third part of the subclavian artery. P. cervicis uteri, the cervix of the uterus. P. cor- poris striati externa, the lenticular nucleus. P. corporis striati interna, the caudate nucleus. P. dura, the facial nerve. That part of the seventh pair of nerves of Willis controlling the muscles of facial expression. P. infravaginalis, the vaginal por- tion of the neck of the uterus. P. inter duram et mollem, a small funiculus between the portio dura and portio mollis of the seventh cranial nerve. P. intermedia wrisbergii. Synonym of P. inſer aſura/, et mo//en. P. mollis, the auditory nerve. P. muscularis, the second division of the subclavian artery. P. pectoralis, the first division of the sub- clavian artery. P. pylorica ventriculi, the pyloric extremity of the stomach. P. splenica ventriculi, the cardiac extremity of the stomach. P. thoracica, the first part of the axillary artery. P. ventriculi lienalis. Synonym of P. splenica ventricuſ. Portion (por’-shun) [portio, a part]. A part or section. P., Descending, of the Duodenum, the second por- tion of the duodenum. It is about three inches in length, covered anteriorly by the peritoneum, and attached w PORTIPLEX 1161 laterally to the head of the pancreas. It lies behind the transverse colon and in front of the right kidney. The ductus communis choledochus empties into it. P., Iliac (of the fascia lata), the portion of the fascia lata to the outer side of the saphenous opening. P., Infra-vaginal, P., Intravaginal, the portion of the uterine cervix projecting into the vagina. P., Membranous (of the urethra), the portion of the urethra enclosed between the two layers of the tri- angular ligament. P., Pes, the lower surface of a crus cerebri (Spitzka). P., Prostatic (of the wrethra), the part of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland; it is the most dilatable portion and is rarely, if ever, the seat of stricture. P., Spongy (of the urethra), the part of the urethra anterior to the anterior layer of the triangular ligament, and extending from the latter to the glans. P., Vaginal (of the uterus), the part of the neck of the uterus projecting into the vagina. Portiplex, Portiplexus (por’-tip-leks, por-tip-leks/-us) [porta, gate; plexus, plexus]. The plexus or vas: cular fringe that connects the two lateral choroid plexuses. It passes through the porta, or foramen of Monro, whence the name. Porus (po’-rus) [Tópoc, forus, a pore : £4, Port J. A callosity. Also a canal, duct, or pore. P. acusti- cus externus, the external opening of the external auditory canal. P. acusticus internus, the open- ing of the internal auditory canal. P. auditorius externus. Synonym of P. acusticus externus. P. biliaris, one of the biliary ducts. P. centralis, the canal in the optic nerve through which the central artery of the retina passes. P. cranio-nasalis, the foramen caecum of the frontal bone. P. deferens. Synonym of Vas deferens. P. opticus, the large opening in the center of the lamina cribrosa, trans- mitting the central artery of the retina. P. pul- moneus, an air-cell. - Posis (po-sis) [Iróouc, a drinking]. A potion. Position (po-zish/-un)[ponere, to place]. I. Location; situation; attitude; posture. See Zºosture. See, also, Table of Position and Direction, appended. 2. In chemistry, a term corresponding to that of “union ” (linking), formerly used. P., Articulation. See POSITION Consonants. P., Cadaveric, of the vocal bands, the position which they assume in paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The affected band is in the median position, and is perfectly motionless. P. of the Fetus, the relation of the presenting part to the cardinal points of Capuron. For the vertex, the face and the breech, there are each four positions: a right anterior, a righ/ posterior, a left anterior and a left posterior. For each of the shoulders there is an anterior and a posterior position. In order to shorten and memorize these positions, the initials of the chief words are made use of as follows: For vertex presentations the word occiput is indicated by the letter O., and preceded by the letter Æ. or Z., for right or left, and followed by A. or P., accord- ing as the presenting part is anterior or posterior. We thus have the initials L. O. A., left-occipito ante- rior, to indicate that the presenting occiput is upon the anterior left side. In the same way are derived the terms, Z. O. A., R. O. A., AE. O. A. For facial pre- sentations we have in the same way, Z. F. A. (left fronto-anterior), Z. F. P., R. F. A., R. F. P. For breech or sacral presentations, Z. S. A., Z. S. A., A'. S. A., A. S. A., and for shoulder (dorsal) pre- sentations, L. D. A., L. D. P., A. D. A., A. Z). A See Zable of Fetal Positions, under Aetus. P., Primary (of the eyes), that position in which the eyes can move laterally and vertically without rotating the vertical axis. P., Roser (of the head), the head dependent over the end of a table. P., Secondary (of the eyes), that posi- tion in which the vertical meridian is rotated away from its vertical position. P., Shoe-and-Stocking, a posi- tion so named by Allis, in which the limb of one side is crossed upon the other, as in putting on the shoe and stocking, with the external malleolus of one side upon the patella of the opposite side. Inability to do this is diagnostic of disease in the hip-joint on that side. P.-test, a test for the function of coördination. If a normal individual be placed in a strictly erect position, with the heels and toes of the two feet closely approximated, a certain amount of swaying of the body occurs, especially if the eyes be shut. If, however, there be loss of coördinating power, this swaying is greatly augmented. See Romberg’s Symptom in Signs and Symptoms, Table of POSITION AND DIRECTION-TABLE OF INTRINSIC TERMS EMPLOYED IN HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND ZOöLOGY. THE TERMS ARE IN PAIRS, AND THE ADVERBIAL FORM FOLLOWS THE LATIN AND ENGLISH ADJECTIVE FORMS. ExTRINSIC EQUIVALENTs. Same as the in- | Same as the in- trl InS1C. trinSiC. Same as the in- | Same as the in- trill SiC. trinSiC. LATIN ADJECTIVE ENGLISH ADJECTIVE * DEFINITIONS. ORM. AND ADVERBIAL FORM. In Human Anat- In Comparative omy. Anatomy. Afferens. Afferent. Conveying or conducting toward. Same as the in- | Same as the in- Efferens. Efferent. Conveying or conducting from. trinsic. trinsic. Caudalis. Caudal, caudad. At or in the direction of the tail end or as- || Lower; inferior. Back ; backward ; & º pect of the body or part. posterior. Cephalicus. Cephalic, cephalad. At or in the direction of the head end or | Upper ; superior, Front; forward ; aspect of the body or part, anterior. Centralis. Central, centrad. Peripheralis. e s At or in the direction of a center. Peripheral, peripherad. At or in the direction of the periphery. Dextralis, dexter. Dextral, dextrad. Sinistralis, sinister. Sinistral, sinistrad. At or in the direction of the right side or aspect of the body. At or in the direction of the left side or aspect of the body. Distalis. Distal, distad, Proximalis, proxi- Proximal, proximad. central (Q. v.). At or in the direction of the extremity of an appendage ; peripheral (q.v.). At or in the direction of the attached or In thS. more important end of an appendage; Same as the in- Same as the in- trinSiC. trl InSiC. POSITIVE ſ 1162 POSTCARPIUM POSITION AND DIRECTION.—TABLE OF INTRINSIC TERMS.–Continated. L A º E A EXTRINSIC EQUIVALENTS. ATIN ADJECTIVE NGLISH ADJECTIVE FORM, AND ADVERBIAL FORM. DEFINITIONS. * In Human Anat- In Comparative Omy. Anatomy. Dorsalis. Dorsal, dorsad. At or in the direction of the dorsum, or | Back; backward; Upper; upward; - dorsal aspect of the body or of an organ. posterior. superior. Ventralis. Ventral, ventrad. At or in the direction of the ventral aspect Front; , forward; Low er; down- of the body or of an organ. anterior. ward ; inferior. Dorsimesalis. Dorsinnesal, dorsime- At or in the direction of the dorsimeson. - • - sad. * e - - Same as the in- | Same as the in- Ventrimesalis. vºimeal, ventrime- At or in the direction of the ventrimeson. trinsic. trinsic. SãC1. e Dorsimeson. Dorsimeson. The dorsal edge of the meson. Same as the in- | Same as the in- Ventrimeson. Ventrimeson. The ventral edge of the meson. trinsic. trinsic. Ectalis. Ectal, ectad. At or in the direction of some surface | Outer; superficial; º away from the center or axis. external. e Entalis. Ental, entad. At or in the direction of some surface Inner; inward ; Same as the in- nearer a center or axis. internal; pro. trinsic. found. Lateralis. Lateral, laterad. At or in the direction of the side (righ - e g - left of the body). (right or Same as the in- |Same as the in- Mesalis. Mesal, mesad. At or in the direction of the meson. trinSiC. trinSiC. Longisectio. Longisection. A section lengthwise of the body or of an | Same as the in- Same as the in- e - - - organ. º trinsic. trinsic. Medisectio. Medisection. A sagittal section at the meson. Median section. Median section. TranSectio. TranSection. A section across the long axis of the body Same as the in- Same as the in- or of an organ. trinsic. trinsic. Sectio frontalis. Frontal section. A section dividing the body into equal or unequal dorsal and ventral parts or sec- - e - a a - - e g tions. * - * e - Same as the in- | Same as the in- Sectio sagittalis. Sagittal section. A section dividing the body into equal trinsic. trinsic. or unequal right and left sections or parts. Positive (poz/-it-iv) [positivus, positive]. electricity, a term denoting that quality of the force In static lum. abulum, acetabulum]. Situated behind the acetabu- produced by rubbing glass with silk. In galvanic and dynamic electricity, the current flowing from the less oxidizable element through the wire or conductor. P. Electrode. Synonym of P. Pole. P. Element, the more oxidizable element of a battery—usually a plate of zinc. P. Ocular. See Ocular. P. Pole, the pole connected with the negative plate or element. See Amode. Posologic, Posological (poz-o-lo/-ik, poz-o-lo/-īk-a!) [trógog, how much ; A6).og, science]. Pertaining to posology or quantitative dosage. Posology (poz-o/-o-je) [Tóoog, how much ; , 7.6)'oc, science]. The science of the dosage of medicines. Possession (poz-es/-um) [possedere, to possess].. The condition of being possessed or possessing ; madness, lunacy. P., Demoniac, the condition of being pos- sessed or inhabited by demons. Posset (pos/-et) [posca, sour wine and water]. A preparation of milk curdled with wine. Possetting (/os/-et-ing) [?osca, sour wine]. gurgitation of infants. Post- (posſ) [L]. A preposition meaning after. Pre- fixed to words it places them in antithesis to those combined with pre or pra, and has the force of either an adverb or an adjective. Also as a noun, a mono- nym for postmortem; as a verb, a popular expression signifying to perform an autopsy. Postabdomen (post-ab-do/-men) [post, behind; abdo- men, abdomen]. In biology, the posterior abdominal part of the body in insects or crustaceans. Postabdominal ( post-ab-dom/-in-al) [ post, after ; abdomen, abdomen]. Pertaining to the postabdomen. Postacetabular (póst-as-eſ-ab’-at-lar) [post, after; acet. The re- Postanal (póst-a/-nal) [post, after; amus, anus]. Situ- ated behind the amus. Postapoplectic (póst - ap - o -ple&/- tié) [post, after; âtroſtāmāta, apoplexy]. Coming on, or occurring, after a stroke of apoplexy. P. Coma, the coma that often succeeds an apoplectic stroke. Postarytenoid (post-ar-i/-te-moid) [post, after ; &pſ rat- va, a pitcher; elóoç, like]. Situated behind the arytenoid. - Postauditory (post-aw/-dit-o-re) [post, behind ; audire, to hear]. Situated behind the auditory nerve, or chamber. P. Fossa, a crescentic notch on the tem- poral bone, separating the temporal ridge from the auditory plate. P. Processes, in biology, processes situated behind the auditory chamber in certain fishes. Postaxial (post-a/s/-e-al) [post, after ; , axis, axes]. Situated posterior to the long axis; in the arm, situated on the ulnar, in the leg, on the fibular side. In the embryo, directed dorsad from the long axis. Post-boys' Malady. See Malady. Postbrachial (post-bra/-ke-al) [post, after; brachium, arm]. Situated posterior to, or beyond, the arm. Postbrachium (póst-bra/-ke-um)[post, after; brachium, arm]. The posterior brachium of the corpus quadrigem- inum, seen on the lateral slope of the mesencephal. It is between the prebrachium and the lemniscus. Postbranchial (póst-brang/-ke-al) [post, after; Épé)- xia, gill]. Situated behind the branchiae. Postcalcaneal (póst-ka/- ka/- me - al.) [post, behind ; calcaneum, the heel]. In biology, back of the cal- caneum; applied to part of the patagium of bats. Postcarpium (póst-kar/-pe-um) [post, behind ; Kapiróg, carpus]. The metacarpus. POSTCAVA Postcava (póst-kav/-ah) [post, after, behind ; cavus, hollow]. The vena cava posterior. Postcaval (póst-kav/-a/) [post, behind; cavus, hol- low]. Pertaining to the postcava. Postcentral (póst-sen/-/ra/) [post, behind; centrum, center]. Situated behind the center. Postcephalic (pós/-seſ-a/-ä) [post, behind ; Keſpaññ, head]. In biology, situated behind the head, or cephalic segment. Postcerebellar (post-ser-e-bel/-ar) [post, behind; cere- bellum, cerebellum]. Situated behind, or in the pos- terior portion of the cerebellum. Postcerebral (póst-ser/-e-bral) [post, behind; cere- brum, cerebrum.]. Situated behind, or in the posterior part of the cerebrum. Postcerviciplex (póst-ser-vis /-ip-le/s) [post, behind; cervix, neck; plexus, plexus]. The posterior cervical plexus. Postcibal (póst-si'- bal) [Aost, after; cióum, food]. Occurring after meals. Postcisterna (póst-sis-ter/-nah) [post, behind; cisterna, a vessel]. That portion of the spaces separating the ental layer of the arachnoid from the pia of the cere- bellum, and communicating with the true encephalic cavities through the metapore, and also with the spinal subarachnoid space; the cisterna magna. Postclavicle (póst-Alav/-ié-2) [post, behind; clavicula, clavicle]. In biology, the posterior element of the scapular arch of some fishes. Postclavicular (póst-Ala-vić/-at-lar) [post, after; cla- vicula, clavicle]. Pertaining to the postclavicle. Postclitellian (post-Ali-te/-e-an), [post, behind; cli- tellum, a pack-saddle]. In biology, applied to such earth-worms as have the ducts of the testes opening behind the clitellum. Postcommissure (póst-kom/-is-àr) [post, behind; com- missura, commissure]. The posterior commissure of the brain, g. v. Postconnubial (póst-kon-mu’-be-al) [post, after; con- nubium, marriage]. Coming on, or occurring, after marriage. Postconvulsive (póst-Åon-vul/-siv) [post, after; con- vellere, to tear away]. Coming on after a convul- S10Il. Postcornu (post-kor/-nu) [post, after; cornu, horn: pl., Postcornual. The occipital horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. Postcornual (póst-kor/-nu-al) [post, after; cornu, horn]. Pertaining to the postcornua (of the ventricles or of the spinal cord). Postcostal (póst-kosſ-tal) [post, behind; costa, a rib, the side]. In biology, located behind the costal nervure or vein of the wing. Postcoxal (póst-koks/-al) [post, behind; coxa, the thigh-bone]. In biology, situated behind the coxae. Postcribrum (post-Arib'-rum) [post, behind ; cribrum, sieve]. The posterior perforated space of the brain. 20stcruciate (póst-kru/-se-āt) [post, after; crux, a cross]. Situated posterior to the cruciate fissure of the cerebrum. Postcubital (póst-ku/-bit-al) [post, behind; cubitus, the forearm]. Situated on the posterior aspect of the forearm. Postdiastolic (póst-di-as-to/-ić) [post, after; 6taorožň, diastole]. Coming after the diastole. Postdicrotic (póst-di-Arot/-īk) [post, after ; dispotoc, double-beating]. Coming after the dicrotic wave of the pulse. P. Wave, a second recoil-wave in the sphygmographic tracing. It is not always present. Postdigastricus (póst-at-gas/-drić-us) [Aost, after; dic, double; yagrhp, belly]. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle. 1163 POSTGENERATION Postdilatator (póst-di/-la-ta-tor) [post, after; dilator, a dilator]. The posterior dilatator alae nasi. Postdorsulum (post-dor/-su-ſum) [Aost, -after; dorsu- Jum, dim. of dorsum, the back]. See Metasculum. Postembryonic (post-em-bre-on/-ić) [post, after ; Śu- 8pwov, embryol. In biology, subsequent to the em- bryonic stage. Postepileptic (póst-eft-iſ-ep’-tié) [post, after ; Tížmpic, epilepsy]. Occurring after an epileptic attack. Posterior (pós-te/-re-or) [(neuter, posterius) comparative of posterias, after, behind]. Having a position to the back or rear; opposed to anterior (or anterius). Posterolateral (pós/-te-ro-lat/-er-a/ ) [posterus, behind; Jatus, side]. Posterior and lateral at the same time. Posteroparietal (pós-te-ro-par-i/-et-a!) [posterus, be- hind; paries, wall]. Posterior and parietal. Posterosuperior (pós/-te-ro-su-pe/- re-or) [posterus, hinder; superior, superior]. Posterior and superior. Posterotemporal (pós-Ze-ro-'em/-/or-a/) [Aosteries, be- hind; tempus, temple]. Posterior and temporal, or behind the temporal region. In biology, a bone in the scapular arch of many fishes; also called the scapula and the supraclavicle. Posteroterminal (pós/-te - ro-ter/- min - al) [fosterus, hinder; terminalis, terminal]. Situated at the hind end. Posteroventral (pós/-te-ro-ven/-tral) [posterus, hinder; venter, stomach]. In biology, situated at the hind end of the ventral surface. Posterula (pos-ter/-u-/a/.) [ posterus, posterior]. In biology, Harrison Allen's term for that portion of the naso-pharynx between the posterior nares and the salpingo-palatal fold. Postesophageal (pós/-e-sof-a/-e-a/) [post, behind ; ołoopáyog, the gullet]. In biology, situated behind (dorsad or caudad) the gullet or esophageal ring. Postfebrile (póst-feb/-ril) [post, after; febris, fever]. Occurring after a fever. Postfemoral (post-fem/-or-al) [post, behind; femur, thigh]. Situated on the posterior aspect of the thigh. Postfontanel (póst-fon-fam-e/) [post, behind; fontana, a spring]. The posterior fontanel. Postforceps (post-for’-ceps) [post, behind; forceps, forceps]. The name given to the oblique fibers at the posterior extremity of the callosum entering the occipital lobes. Postfovea (post-ſo-ve/-ah) [post, after; forea, pit]. The posterior fovea, a depression in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain. Postfrenum (póst-fre/-num) [ post, behind ; frenum, a bridle, curb, bit]. In biology, a part of the meta- thorax of an insect. Postfrontal (post-frun/-/a/ ) [post, behind; frons, the forehead]. I. Situated behind the forehead. 2. A bone of the skull in many animals situated at the back portion of the orbit, P. Process, a process of bone in many animals on the upper and posterior portion of the brim of the orbital cavity. Postfurca (post-fir’-kah ) [ post, behind; furca, fork: pl. , Postfurca"). In biology, the hinder sternal apo- deme projecting into the cavity of a thoracic somite in certain insects. Postfurcal (post-fir/-ka/ ) [Aosſ, behind; furca, a fork]. Pertaining to the postfurca. wº- Postgeminum (pós/-jem/-in-um) [post, after; geminus, twin]. The posterior pair of bodies of the corpora quadrigemina, considered as forming together a single organ. Postgeneration (pós/-jen - er- a’-s/ºwn) [/osſ, after; generare, to generate]. In biology, the term applied by Roux to a very peculiar regenerative process ob- served in frogs' eggs, in which a segmentation-cell POSTGENICULATUM may be “re-animated” after it has been deprived of its capacity for development. - Postgeniculatum (26st-jen-ik-u-la/-tum) [ post, be- hind; geniculatum, the geniculate body }. The internal geniculate body. Postgeniculum (A6st-jezz-ić/-ul-Muwa). See Geniculum. Postgenital (/0s/jen/-it-a!) [ post, behind; genitalis, genital]. In biology, pertaining to those segments of the body behind the openings of the genital pores. Postgeniture (pāsējen/-it-àr) [post, after ; genitura, begetting]. The position of a child born after an- other, as in the second child of twins. Postglenoid (póst-g/e/-noid) [post, behind; YAffvm, socket; eiðoç, like]. I. Behind the glenoid cavity or fossa. 2. A process or tubercle of the temporal bone that descends behind the condyle of the jaw and pre- vents backward displacement during mastication. Postgraduate (post-grad!’-at-àé) [post, after ; graduare, to confer a degree]. I. Belonging to or prosecuting a course of study after graduating. 2. A graduate. Posthalgia (pos-tha/-je-a/ ) [Tógöm, penis; iWyog, pain]. Pain in the penis. Posthe (Aos’-the) [Tóatly, foreskin]. Penis. Posthectomy (pos-thek/-to-me) [tróoffm, foreskin; Šktoum, excision]. Circumcision of the prepuce. Posthemiplegia (/0s/-/em-:/-/e/-je-a/) [post, after; jul, half; TW/yń, stroke]. Following an attack of hemiplegia. Posthemiplegic (pós/-/tem-ip-le/-již) [post, after; ºut, half; TW/yń, stroke]. Appertaining to a condition following an attack of hemiplegia. P. Chorea, chorei- form movements in paralyzed limbs. They are most marked in the hand and arm, next in the face, rarely in the leg. Almost every variety of motion may occur. Posthetomist (pos-thef/-o-mist) [Tóathm, prepuce ; touff, a cutting]. A circumciser. Posthetomy (Aos-thef/-o-wee) [Tróath), penis; topiń, a cutting]. Circumcision. Posthia (posſ-the-a/). Synonym of Hordeolume. Posthioplastic (pos-4/le-o-plas/-tić) [tró00m, foreskin; Tââoostv, to shapel Pertaining to, or involving, plastic surgery of the prepuce. Posthioplasty (posſ-the-o-plas-fe) TV ſtageuv, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the prepuce. Posthippocampal (póst-hift-o-Aam’-ſa/) [post, be- hind; iTTog, horse; kápatrog, a sea-monster]. Per- taining to the calcar or hippocampus minor. Posthitis (pos-//hi/-täs) [T60th), prepuce ; trag, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the prepuce. Posthocalymma (Żos-tho-/a/-in/-a/.) [T600m, penis; Kážvyupa, veil]. Synonym of Condom. Posthocalyptron (pos-Ého-ka/-ip/-tron). Condoml. Postholith (posſ-tho-lith) [Tóoffm, prepuce ; %iffog, stone]. A preputial calculus. Posthoncus (pos-thong/-Aus) [Iróoffm, prepuce ; Śykoç, swelling]. A swelling or tumor of the prepuce. Posthumeral (póst-hu/-mer-al) [post, behind ; hu- merus, the humerus]. Situated behind the humerus. Posthumous (posſ-ºut-mus) [posé, after; humus, the ground; more correctly, posſumus, latest]. Occurring after death. P. Child, one born after the death of its father, or taken by the Cesarean operation from the body of its mother aſter death. Posthyoid (post-hi’-oid) [post, behind; ioetó#c, hyoid]. Posterior to the hyoid bone. Posthypophysis ( /öst-hi-/off’-is-is) [post, behind ; itró, under; pietv, to grow]. The posterior and cerebral portion of the hypophysis. Posticous (/0s/-/i4-us) [posticus, hinder, back]. See Ax/rorse. I. Prepuce. 2. [Tóoth, foreskin; Synonym of 1164 POSTMORTEM Posticus (póst/-ić-us) [L.]. Postinsula (póst-in/-su-/a/.) [posſ, behind; island]. The caudal region of the insula. Postmastoid (post-masſ-toid) [post, behind; uaotóg, nipple; eldog, like]. Situated behind the mastoid process of the temporal bone. P. Tenderness, a tender point located one inch behind and about one- half inch above the external auditory meatus in cases of septic thrombosis of the lateral sinus dependent upon otitis media. Postmedian (pós/-me/-de-an) [post, behind; medius, the middle]. Behind the middle transverse line of the body. Postmediastinal (post-me-de-as-fi/-mal) [post, behind; mediastinezem]. Pertaining to the postmediastinum. Postmediastinum (póst-me-de-as-fi/-num) [post, be- hind ; mediastinum.]. The posterior dorsal medias- tinal space. Postminimus (post-min/-im-us) [post, after ; minimus (Sc., digities), the little finger; pl., Postminimi]. In biology, an additional little finger or little toe in cases of polydactylism. In anatomy, the ulnar sesa- moid bone, commonly called pisiform. Cf. Prehallux, A repollux. Postmortem (póst-mor/ tem) [post, after; mors, mortis, death]. I. Occurring after death. 2. An examina- tion of the body after death; an autopsy. The gen- eral technique of a postmortem is as follows: First, the appearance of the body is described, including sex, height, apparent age, discoloration of the skin, rigor mortis, state of the nutrition, injuries, deformities, and any peculiarities that may be observed. An in- cision is then made from the top of the sternum to the pubic symphysis, the abdomen being the cavity first opened. Then the position of the viscera, their con- dition, the presence of hernia, if it exist, the state of the peritoneum, and the quantity of fluid are noted, but all without disturbing the relation of the contents. The thorax is now opened. In order to do this, the ribs are divided at the costo-chondral junction, and the sternum and clavicles disarticulated. The rela- tion of the structures exposed on lifting up the sepa- rated portion of sternum and ribs is noted—the pres- ence of fluid in the pleural cavity, pleural adhesions, the extent to which the lung covers the pericardium. The pericardial sac is next opened, and its condition and the quantity of fluid recorded. The opening of the heart is the next step. This may be done in several ways; one of the best is Virchow's method, g. v. After noting the character of the blood and clots in the chambers, the heart is excised, close to the origin of the great vessels. After completing the incisions, the state of the valves of the muscle, especially its firmness, and the size of the walls of the two ventricles, are care- fully observed and measured. The lungs are next removed, usually the left first. Section of these or- gans is made by a long sweep of the knife—in the case of the left preferably from the apex to the base; in the case of the right, from the base to the apex. Attention is now directed to the abdomen, the spleen being the first organ removed. Next come the supra- renals and the kidneys. In order to gain access to these, it is wise to dissect off, by a few quick cuts, the entire colon from the sigmoid flexure to the ileo-cecal valve. A double ligature is placed around the sigmoid, and the gut divided between the ligatures. The re- moval of the kidneys is further facilitated by cutting the diaphragm loose from its costal attachments and throwing it upward, with the liver, into the thoracic cavity. The adrenals and kidneys are then exposed; the course and condition of the ureters are noted. The suprarenals may now be removed separately, or Posterior. insula, POSTMORTEM taken out with the kidneys; in either case it is best to remove the organs on the left side first. Section is made of the adrenals; also of the kidneys. In the latter the capsule is stripped off, and a note is made of the extent, if at all, to which it is adherent; also whether the renal substance is torn on removing the capsule. The next step consists in the removal of the intestines. These are cut closely to their mesenteric attachment, care being taken to leave as little of the mesentery attached to the gut as possible. The fecal contents are then washed out by a running stream of water through the bowel, which is opened at the attach- ment of the mesentery and examined. In removing the intestines, the rectum and the first and second por- tion of the duodenum are left in situ. The next step is usually the opening of the stomach and remaining portion of the duodenum. This is accomplished, like the opening of the intestines, by means of the entero- tome. After the duodenum is opened, the gall-bladder is pressed until bile is made to flow from the mouth of the common duct in the duodenum. If this is im- possible, obstruction exists. The gastric contents are described, and the condition of the walls noted. The pancreas is now examined, the condition of its duct, and the presence of cysts or stones being noted. It is then removed and incised longitudinally. The liver is next taken out, the condition of the vessels entering the portal fissure having been noted before they were divided. The liver is weighed and measured trans- versely, longitudinally, and vertically, the width of the two large lobes being taken separately. A long incision is now made into the substance of the organ and the conditions noted, especially the relation of the connec- tive tissue to the hepatic substance proper. The pelvic organs are next removed. This is best accomplished by first making a cut into the bladder; into the open- ing a finger is inserted, while the other fingers grasp the rectum. By making the tissues tense, their sepa- ration from the bony wall of the pelvis is facilitated. After removal they are cut open; in the case of a female subject, the uterus is opened by a longitudinal cut through the anterior wall. A fine probe is passed into the oviducts to ascertain their patulousness; they may also be opened by a delicate pair of scissors. Nothing of importance remains now in the abdomen except the vessels and the semilunar ganglia. The latter should be examined in situ and also after removal. The aorta should be opened by a longitudinal incision extending from the beginning of the arch down to its bifurcation, thence prolonged out into the iliac arteries. The thoracic duct should be looked for at the side of the aorta. The trachea, larynx, thyroid gland, pharynx, and tongue can be removed either through a median incision in the front of the neck or from the base of the neck. For the removal of the brain it is necessary to saw out a portion of the cranial vault. It is customary to divide the scalp about on a line with the coronal suture. The vault is sawn through in front and behind, a large, wedge-shaped piece being removed. The dura is then divided on a line with the sawn edge of the bone, and also separated from its attachment to the crista galli in front. The brain is then carefully lifted from its bed, the nerves passing from it divided, and the attachment of the dura to the petrous portion of the temporal bone cut loose. If possible, the pituitary body should be kept attached to the brain. A long knife is now introduced into the spinal canal, and the cord cut as low down as possible. The brain is then lifted out and placed on a board or plate. After a careful sur- vey of its external appearances, the organ is dissected. A number of methods are in vogue. One of the best 1165 POSTPALATINE is that known as Edinger's method; only its general features can be indicated here. The lateral ventricles are first opened; then the cerebral hemispheres are cut away from the basal ganglia. Longitudinal and transverse cuts are made into the cerebral mantle, observing always to make the incisions as near as pos- sible at right angles to the course of the convolutions. The basal ganglia are examined by making multiple incisions into them; the cerebellum is similarly treated. The spinal cord is generally removed from the back ; special saws have been devised to cut the pedicles of the vertebrae. The cord itself is removed in its mem- branes from below upward, the most important point being the avoidance of traction. The membranes are opened, and the cord-substance divided at short intervals by transverse cuts. The eyes, if it be neces- sary, can be removed without difficulty. The removal of the organ of hearing requires considerable labor. All organs should, if possible, be weighed. Postmortuary (post-mor/-fu-a-re) [Aost, after ; mors, mortis, death]. Postmortem. Postnares [post-ma/-rez) [post, behind; maris, nostril]. The posterior nares. Postnarial (post-ma/-re-al) [post, behind; maris, a nostril]. Situated behind the nostrils. Postnasal (£ost-maſ-sa/) [post, behind; masus, nose]. Situated behind the nose. P. Catarrh, catarrhal in- flammation of the naso-pharynx. Postnasus (post-ma’-sus) [post, after; masus, nose]. In biology, a division of the clypeus in certain insects; the supraclypeus. Postnatal (£6st-na/-tal) [post, after; natus, born]. Subsequent to birth, as a postnata/ disease. Postoblongata (Żóst-ob-long-ga/-tah) [post, after; ob- Zongata, medulla oblongata]. The caudal or meten- cephalic portion of the oblongata, forming the floor of the metacele. Postocular (póst-o/-at-lar) [post, behind ; oculus, the eyel. In biology, situated back of, behind, or beneath the eye. - Postolivary (post-o/-iv-a-re) [post, behind ; olivarius, olivary]. Behind the oliva. Postomosternal (post-o-mo-ster’-mal) [post, behind; Öpoc, shoulder; atépwov, sternum]. Pertaining to the postomosternum. Postomosternum (póst-o-mo-ster/-num) [post, behind ; &\log, shoulder; atépwov, sternum]. A posterior omo- Sternum. Postoperative (póst op/-er-a-tiº) [post, after; operatio, operation]. Occurring after an operation, as post- operative insanity. Postoperculum (fosſ-o-per’-Au-/u/) [Aosz, after; oper- culum, lid.]. That one of the folds covering the insula which is formed of a part of the supertemporal gyrus; the temporal operculum. Postopticus (£0sć-off’-tić-us) [Aost, after; top, eye: p!., Postoffici]. Either one of the posterior pair of optic lobes, or corpora quadrigemina. Postoral (post-o’-ral) [fosſ, after; os, oris, mouth]. Situated either dorsad or caudad of the mouth. P. Arches. See Arch. P. Segments, in biology, the primary segments behind the mouth of certain arthro- pods. * Postorbital (post-or'-bit-a/) [/ost, behind; orbiza, orbit]. In biology: (a) situated behind the orbit; b) placed back of the compound eye of an insect; c) a separate bone in the orbit of certain reptiles. Postpalatal (post-pa/-at-al) [post, behind; palatum, the palate]. Situated behind the palate bones. Postpalatine (póst-pa/-at-in) [post, behind; palatum, palate]. In biology, a bone in the skull of certain reptiles, also called pfergoid. POSTPARALYTIC Postparalytic (post-par-al-iº/-ić) [post, after ; Tapá- Żvotg, paralysis]. Following an attack of paralysis. P. Chorea. Synonym of Posthemiplegic Chorea. Postparietal (post-par-i/-et-a/) [post, behind; paries, wall]. In biology, situated behind the parietal plate. Postpartum ... (post-parſ-tum) [?ost, after; £artus, birth]. Following childbirth. P. Chill, a chill, as a rule of no pathologic significance, closely following the expulsion of the child in some cases. It usually lasts several minutes. P. Hemorrhage, hemor- rhage following delivery. Its causes are such as interfere with or prevent uterine contraction, as general debility, weakness of the uterine muscle, anom- alies of innervation of the uterus, retained placenta or clots, old adhesions, tumors, distention of the blad- der and rectum, as well as a hemorrhagic diathesis. The symptoms are a sudden gush of blood from the vulvar orifice, relaxation of the uterus, and the con- stitutional signs of severe hemorrhage: pallor, vertigo, air-hunger, dimness of vision, sometimes a peculiar vocal sound, a rapid, feeble pulse, rarely a convulsion. The mortality is given as I in 30O. P. Shock, the sense of fatigue and exhaustion immediately succeed- ing labor. - Postpectoral (póst-pe/-to-ral) [post, behind; pectus, the breast]. Pertaining to the postpectus. Postpectus (pós/-pe/-tus) [Aost, behind ; pectus, the breast]. In biology, the hinder part of the breast. Postpeduncle (20s/-/e/-dun/-/)[posé, behind; £eduncu- lus, peduncle]. The inferior cerebellar peduncle. Postpeduncular (Aost-pe-dung/-ku-lar) [post, behind; pedunculus, peduncle]. Of or pertaining to the post- pedunculus. - Postpedunculus (pós/-pe-dung/-ket-lus). d'uncle. Postperforatus (post-per-for-a/-äus) [post, behind; per- forare, to perforate]. The posterior perforated space. Postpetiole (post-pe/-e-ö/) [ post, behind ; petiolus, a petiole]. In biology, that portion of the abdomen of an insect just behind the petiole or narrow section. Postpharyngeal (pós/-far-in/-je-al) [post, behind; papily;, pharynx]. Situated behind the pharynx. Postphenomenon (pos/ſe mom’-en-on) [/ost, after; patv6/18 vov, phenomenon]. The effects following a phenomenon. Postpituitary (pós/- pit - u/- it - a - re) [posſ, behind; pituita. phlegm]. Situated behind the pituitary body. Postpleuritic (pós/-plu-rit/-i/%) [post, behind; TAewpá, pleura ; trig, inflammation]. Following pleurisy. Postplexus (post-pleks/-us) [post, behind ; plexus, plexus]. In biology, the analogue in lower vertebrates of the lumbo-sacral plexus in man. Postpone (post-pôn/) [post, after; pomere, to place]. In relation with the paroxysm of malarial ſever, it means to occur after the regular time. Postpontile (post-pom/-til) [post, behind; £ons, bridge]. Situated behind the pons varolii. P. Recess, the foramen caecum. Postprostatic (póst-pros-ſat/-īk) [post, after; Tpó, be- fore; iotăval, to set]. Situated dorsad of the prostate. P. Pouch. See Zºrigonaum vesica". Postpubic (post-ſºuſ-bik) [post, behind; pubis, pubes]. Pertaining to the postpubis. . Postpubis (post-pu'-bis) [post, behind; pubis, pubes: ſ/., Postpubes]. In biology, the postacetabular por- tion of the pubic bone; used especially in connection with the pubis of certain Sauropsida. Postpuerperal (póst-pu-er’-pe-ra/) [post, after; ?uer, child; parere, to bear]. Occurring after childbirth. Postpyramidal (post-pir-am/-īd-a/) [post, behind; oyramis, pyramid]. Situated behind the pyramidal tract. P. Nucleus, the nucleus funiculi gracilis, Q. v. See Postpe- 1166 POST VERMIS Postramus (A6st - ra/- mus) [post, behind; ramus, branch]. The caudal or horizontal branch of the stem of the arbor of the cerebellum. Postremus (Aos-tre/-mus) [superlative of posterus, be- hind]. Hindermost. P. pedis, the extensor brevis digitorum muscle of the foot. See A/uscles, Table of. Postrhinal (Aost - ri/- mal) [Aost, behind ; big, nose]. Posterior and rhinal, P. Fissure, Wilder's term for the basirhinal fissure. Postrolandic (post-ro-lan/-dik) [Aost, after; Kolando, an anatomist]. Situated behind the Rolandic fis- SUll'C, Postrorse (pós/-trorz) [post, back; versus, turned]. In biology, turned back; retrorse, the antonym of a2z/7°02'se. PostSacral (post-sa/- Aral) [post, behind; sacrum, sacrum]. Situated behind the sacrum. Postscalene (post-ska/-len) [post, behind; oka/m3g, scalene]. Pertaining to the postscalenus. Postscalenus (post-s/ea-le/-nus) [post, after; oka/mydº, scalene]. The scalenus posticus muscle. Postscapula (post-skap’-u-la/l) [post, behind; scapula, shoulder-blade]. The part of the scapula below or posterior to the spine. Postscapular (post-s/ap/-at-lar) [post, behind; scapula, shoulder-blade]. Pertaining to the postscapula. Postscapularis (post-skap - u - la/- ris) [post, behind; scapula, shoulder-blade]. Synonym of the infra- spinatus muscle. Postscutellar (post-sku-te/-ar) [post, behind; scutel- Jum, dim. of sculum, Shield]. Pertaining to the post- scutellum. Postscutellum (£6st-sku-te/-um) [post, behind ; scu- tellum, dim. of scutum, shield: p., Postscattella]. In biology, the last of the four sclerites of which the pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum of an insect consist. - Postsphenoid (póst-sfe/- moid) [post, behind; opjv, wedge; eldog, like]. Situated behind the sphenoid bone; also, forming its posterior portion. Postsylvian (póst-siſ/-ve-an) [post, behind; Sylvius, an anatomist]. Situated behind the Sylvian fissure of the brain. Postsystolic (póst-sis-to/-i/) [post, after; ovarožň, systole]. Occurring after the systole of the heart. Posttemporal (post-tem/-po-ral) [post, after; tempus, temple]. In biology, situated back of the temporal region; specifically applied to a bone of the scapular arch in certain fishes, forming at times an integral portion of the skull. Also called supra-scapula and supra-clavicle. Posttibial (post-fib/-e-al) [post, behind; tibia, tibia]. Situated upon the posterior aspect of the tibia. Posttympanic (post-tim-pan/-ić) [post, after; tym- panum, drum]. In biology, situated back of the tympanic bone or auditory meatus. Postumbonal (póst-wm/-bo-mal) [post, behind ; umbo, a boss]. In biology, situated behind the umbo. Postural (pos/-fu-ral) [pomere, to place]. Pertaining to posture or position. P. Respiration, a treatment of apnea by the induction of respiration through changes of posture. P. Treatment, treatment by position, as the reposition of a prolapsed funis by placing the woman in a favorable position. Posture (pos/-tär) [ pomere, to place]. Position; atti. tude. An illustrated table of the various postures of the body is appended. Postuterine (żóst-u/-ter-in) [post, behind; uterus, uterus]. Situated behind the uterus. Postvermis (post- ver/- mis) [post, behind; vermis, worm]. The inferior vermiform process of the cere- bellum. POSTURES P()STURES 1167 THE SEMI-PRose, ok SIMs' Post UK E. Posterior View. THE SEMi-prose, or SIMs' Post URE. Anterior View. THE HORIzoNTAL POSTUKE. THE TRENDELENBURG POSTURE. THE GENU-PECTORAL POSTURE. THE Dorso-sacral Postur E. Lateral View ED tº Bo H i.’s l’OSTURE. THE KNEEs-Elbow POSTURE. POSTURES 1168 POSTURES TABLE OF POSTURES AND POSITIONS. VARIETY. DESCRIPTION. WHEN EMPLOYED. Back posture. See Oorsal reczemberet. Dorsal elevated. Patient on back, with head and shoulders elevated at an angle of 30° or more. 1. Digital éxploration of the genitalia. 2. Bimanual examination. Dorsal recumbent. I. Patient on back, with the extremities moder- ately flexed and rotated outward. I. Application of obstetric forceps. 2. Repair of lesions following parturition. 3. Vaginal examination. 4. Binmanual palpation. Dorso-sacral or lithot- omy position. Patient flat on back, with legs flexed on thighs . highs on abdomen. The thighs are ab- ucted. I . Plastic operations on the genital tract. . Vaginal hysterectomy. . Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urethra and bladder. : Edebohl posture. Same as Simon's position. English position. See Left lateral recumbent. Erect position. The occiput and heels on a line; also the nose, groins and great toes are in the same vertical plane. I . In the practice of ballottement. . In differentiation of tumors, cystic, solid, and hernial. 3. In diagnosticating loosening of pelvic joints. 2 Exaggerated lithotomy. See Simon's position. Genu-cubital or k n e e- elbow posture. Patient upon the knees, with the thighs upright, and the body resting upon the elbows, the head down upon the hands. I. When not possible to employ the classic knee- chest position. Genu-pectoral or knee- chest position. Patient upon the knees, with the thighs upright; the head and upper part of the chest resting #. the table ; the arms crossed above the €3. Ol. Replacement of prolapsed funis. . Dislodgment of an impacted head. Management of transverse presentations. . Replacement of a retroverted uterus or pro- lapsed ovary. . Flushing of the intestinal canal. 5i High pelvic posture. See Trendelenburg’s position. Horizontal abdominal posture. Patient flat on the belly, with the feet extended. I. Examination of the back and spinal column. Horizontal position. Patient supine on the back, with the feet extended. . For employment of palpation. . Auscultation of the fetal heart. . The position for operative procedures. : “Jack-knife '’ posture. Patient reclining on the back with the shoulders elevated, legs flexed on thighs and thighs at right angles to abdomen. I . For passing the urethral sound. Knee-chest posture. See Genu-ſpectoral. Knee-elbow posture. See Gezzzz-czzöztal. * Kneeling-squatting posi- Patient stooping, with knees pressed upon the ab- I. Childbirth in difficult cases, and in uncivilized tion. domen, trunk erect. nations. Latero-prone. Same as Semi-prone. Latero-semi-prone. Same as Semi-prone. Left lateral recumbent, Patient on left side, with the right knee and thigh 1. Childbirth. English, or obstetric drawn up. position. Lithotomy. Same as Dorso-sacral. Obstetric. See Leſt lateral recumbent. Reclining posture. Same as “Jack-knife’’ posture. Semi-prone or . Sims' position, or side pos- ture. Patient on left side, with right knee and thigh drawn well up above the left; left arm back of patient and hanging over the edge of the table ; chest inclined forward so that the patient rests upon it. I. Curettement of uterus. 2. Intra-uterine irrigation after labor. 3. Tamponnade of vagina. 4. Rectal exploration. 5. Operations upon the cervix. Side posture. See Semi-prone. Simon’s position, or ex- y Patient flat on back, with legs flexed on thighs and I. Operations upon the vagina., aggerated lithotomy thighs on abdomen, and hips somewhat elevated. position. The thighs are strongly abducted. Sims'. See Semi-prone. Trendelenburg's posi- tion. Patient in dorsal position, with body elevated at an angle of about 45°, feet and legs hanging over the end of the table. I. In abdominal surgery to favor gravitation up- ward of the abdominal viscera. POSTZYGAPOPHYSIAL 1169 Postzygapophysial (póst-zi-gap-off-iz'-e-al) [post, be- hind; £vyöv, yoke; &lróðvotg, apophysis]. Pertaining to the postzygapophysis. Postzygapophysis (post-zi-gap-off’-is-is) [post, be- hind; ºvyóv, yoke; áróðvotç, apophysis]. An ar- ticular process proceeding from the posterior face of the neural arch of a vertebra. Pot [ME., pot, a pot]. A urinal. P.-bellied, having a prominent belly. P.-belly, a protuberant belly. P.-gutted, pot-bellied. Potable (po'-ta-bl.) [potare, to drink]. Fit or whole- some to drink—applied to waters for drinking in dis- tinction to those for medicinal use. Potain's Solution. A solution for diluting the blood in counting the red corpuscles. It consists of three solutions—one of gum arabic, one of sodium sul- phate, and one of sodium chlorid, each of a specific gravity of Io2O. These liquids are mixed in equal proportions. Potamopyra (pot-am-op/-ir-ah) [Toragóg, river; Tip, heat, fire]. Malarial fever. Potash (?op/-ash) [potassa, potash]. I. Potassium carbonate prepared by boiling wood-ashes with water and evaporating the solution. It is also obtained from potassium chlorid and potassium sulphate found in the Stassfurt salt-beds. The residue left behind in the manufacture of beet-root sugar also yields potash. Finally, from the wash-water of sheep's wool, con- siderable quantities of potash are obtained. 2. Caustic potash, potassium hydroxid. Potassa (po-tas/-ah) [L.]. I. See Potash. 2. Potas- sium hydroxid. P. cum calce, Vienna paste, made by rubbing together equal parts of caustic potash and quick-lime. It is used as a caustic. Potassae, Liquor, “solution of potassa,” consists of hydrate 56, distilled water 944 parts; combined with bitter tonics it is useful in atonic dyspepsia. Locally, it is used as a wash in scaly skin-diseases. Dose muv-3 ss, diluted. Potassamid (po - tas’- am - id) [fºotassa, potassium ; amid J, NH, K. A substitution-compound of ammo- nia; a yellowish-brown, inflammable substance, pro- duced by heating metallic potassium in ammoniacal gas. Potassic (po-tas/-īk) [potassa, potash]. Aotassium. Potassiferous (po-tas-if”-er-us) [potassa, potash; ferre, to bear]. Containing or yielding potassic salts. Potassinum (po-fas/-īn-um). Synonym of Potassium. Potassio-ferric (po-tas/-e-o-ſer/-ić) [potassa, potas- sium; ferrum, iron]. Combined with iron and potas- sium. Potassio-mercuric (po-tas/-e-o-mer-ku/-rié) [potassa, potassium ; Mercury, a Grecian god]. Combined with potassium and mercury. Potassium (po-tas’-e-um) [ potassa, potash]. K = 39; quantivalence I ; sp. gr. O.865. A metallic ele- ment, of silvery luster, and characterized by intense affinity for oxygen. See Elements, Table of. Its pecu- liar reactions are: its precipitation when converted into the acid tartrate; its precipitation by platinum perchlorid; the violet color it imparts to the flame. Physiologically, salts of potassium are protoplasmic poisons when applied locally in sufficient concentra- tion. They dialyze more readily than sodium salts. In the body they occur especially in the solid struc- tures, while sodium salts predominate in the fluids. In large doses, by the mouth, potassium salts act as irritants to the gastro-intestinal tract. The circulation is generally depressed by potassium salts—after small doses the primary depression of the pulse-rate and arterial pressure is followed by a rise of both ; large doses cause a rapid fall of pressure and pulse-rate. Containing POTASSIUM Injected into a vein, salts of potassium cause paralysis of the heart. Potassium salts are obtained from the ash of plants, from saltpeter, from the potassium bitartrate deposited from urine in the process of fer- mentation, and from the washings of sheeps' wool. The action of the various salts is given under their proper heading. P. acetas, KC, H2O, an easily solu- ble salt having marked diuretic properties. Dose gr. v.–3.j. Purgative doses 3 i-iv. P. Amalgam, a mixture, in various proportions, of potassium and mercury. The compound may be a liquid, or an amorphous or crystalline solid. P. arsenitis, Liquor, Fowler's solution. See under Arsenic. P. bicar- bonas, KHCO3, a salt with properties like the carbon- ate, to which it is preferable. Dose gr. v-xxx. Liq. potas. efferves. (B. P.) Dose 3 v-x. P. bichro- mas, K.Cr,Or, a substance occurring in large, irregu: lar, yellow crystals. It is used in the preparation of hardening fluids, and has been applied externally in syphilis. P. bitartras, KHC, H, O, See P. taſtras. Dose gr. xx–3 ss. Pulvis effervescens comp., com- pound effervescing powder, “Seidlitz powder,” con- tains of the preceding gr. I2O, mixed with sodium bicarb. gr. 40, in the blue paper; and tartaric acid gr. 35 in the white paper. P.-blue, the blue color result- ing when potassium cyanid and a ferric salt are mixed. It is used in dyeing. P. bromas, KBr, a colorless, crystalline, bitter salt, readily soluble in water. It is extensively employed as a sedative in nervous excite- ment, and is one of the best drugs in epilepsy. Its prolonged use causes the condition known as Bronzism, q. v. P. carbonas, (K,CO3)2.3H2O, useful locally in acne and acute eczema, internally in rheumatism, in the uric-acid diathesis, and in jaundice. Dose gr. ij—xx. P., Caustic, potassium hydroxid, g. z. P. chloras, KClO3, a crystalline compound, with a saline, cooling taste. It is soluble in 15 or I6 parts of cold, and readily soluble in boiling water. It is used as a gargle in diseases of the mouth and throat, in mercurial stomatitis, etc. Dose gr. v-xx. In toxic doses it causes disorganization of the blood (convert- ing the hemoglobin into methemoglobin) and intense irritation of the kidneys, with hematuria and blood- casts. Sir James Y. Simpson recommended it in doses of 20 grains thrice daily, in threatened abortion from fatty degeneration of the placenta. P. chloratis, Troch., each containing gr. v. of the salt. Dose j-iij. P. chlorid., KC1, a colorless, crystalline substance, of bitter taste. P. citras, KACs HsO. H.O., is used in solution as a febrifuge, a diuretic, and to alkalin- ize the urine. Dose gr. x-xxx. P. citratis, Liq., citric acid 6, potas. bicarb. 8; filter and add dis- tilled water ad 50 parts. Dose 3 ss—j. P. citratis, Mist., “neutral mixture ''-lemon-juice Ioo, potas. bicarb. q. s. ad saturationem. Dose 3 ss-j. P. cobalto-nitrite, unof., has been used successfully in angina pectoris and asthma. Dose gr. ss-j. P. cyanid., KCN, made from potassium ferrocyanid by the action of heat, sometimes with (also without) the addition of potassium carbonate and charcoal. It is very soluble in water, has active reducing powers, and is very poisonous. It has the sedative and anti- spasmodic action of hydrocyanic acid, and, like it, is used in gastric irritability and cough. Dose ºf grain. P. dichromas. Synonym of P. bichromas. P. ethylas, C., H3OK, a crystalline substance, de- composing in the presence of organic matter into metallic potassium and ethyl alcohol. The potassium abstracts oxygen from the tissues, and thus is caustic ; the ethyl alcohol is antiseptic. P. et sodii tartras, KNaC, H, Os:4H,O, “Rochelle salt,” laxative. Dose 3 ss—j. P. ferricyanid, KaReCe Ns, red prussiate 74 POTATE of potash, made from potassium ferrocyanid by the action of chlorin. The latter is passed through the salt until a blue color with ferric chlorid is no longer obtained. It is poisonous. P. ferrocyanid, K, Fe- CSN6 + 3H2O, yellow prussiate of potash, prepared from blood, and by heating together animal charcoal, iron, and pearl-ash. It occurs in yellow crystals, solu- ble in water. It has many uses in chemic analysis. P. hydras, KHO, potassa, “caustic potash,” deli- quescent and very alkaline. A powerful escharotic. P. iodid., K.I, used in syphilis, metallic poisoning, and as an antirheumatic. Dose gr. ij-xx. P. Iodid. cum sapone, Lin. (B. P.), contains potassium iodid, curd Soap, glycerin, oil of lemon, and distilled water. P. iod., Unguent., contains iodid and carbonate of potassium, distilled water and benzoated lard. P. ni- tras, KNO3, saltpeter, niter, crystallizing in long, white prisms. It occurs naturally in the soil of many trop- ical countries, especially in Egypt and the East Indies. It originates in the decomposition of organic matter rich in nitrogen, in the presence of potassium com- pounds. Commercially, it is also prepared by double decomposition of potassium chlorid and Chile salt- peter, Sodium nitrate. Dose gr. x-xx. P. nitratis, Charta, unsized paper saturated with a 20 per cent. solution. It is used, when burnt, by inhalation in asthma. P. permanganas. See Manganese. P. picras, CaFI,(NO2)3OK, a yellow, crystalline bitter substance, which explodes on heating. It is insoluble in water; it has been used for tape-worm. P. pla- tinichlorid., K., PtCls, a yellow, crystalline powder. P. platinochlorid., K., PtClt, a compound occur- ring in rose-colored crystals. P., Prussiate of : 1. Potassium ferricyanid, or red prussiate of potash. 2. Potassium ferrocyanid; the yellow prussiate of potash. P., Red Chromate of. Synonym of P. bichromas. P. succinas, has been used internally in hemorrhage. P. sulphas, K,SO, an hepatic stimulant and laxa- tive; soluble in IO parts of water at ordinary tem- perature. Dose gr. xx–3 ss. P. sulphis, several compounds of potassium and sulphur are known. K, S, the monosulphid, is the one commonly called potassium sulphid. It is used in the treatment of skin-diseases. P., Sulphurated, K.S, potassium sul- phid. P. tartras, (K,C, H, Os), H2O, normal potas- sium fartrate, a crystalline, or amorphous substance, soluble in water. The acid fartrate, potassium bifar. trate, or “cream - of- tartar,” C, H.O.K., is nearly insoluble in water. Both salts are diuretic and laxative. Potassium tartrate is also a remote antacid, that is, it renders the urine alkaline by being converted into a carbonate, in which form it is excreted. Dose gr. xx— 3 ss. P. telluras, K.TeC), an efficacious antihydrotic in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose gr. 3%–34. Unof. Potate (po/-tät) [potare, to drink]. In chemistry, liquefied. Potato (po-ta/-to) [Sp., patata, sweet potato]. The tuber of Solanum tuberosum. P.-brandy, a brandy distilled from a mixture of potatoes and barley-malt. P.-blight. Same as P.-rof. P.-culture, a culture of microörganisms on potato. Several methods have been employed, the one now in general use being that known as Bolton and Globig’s. It is as follows: Cylinders are cut with a cork-borer out of the center of large potatoes, trimmed of skin and imperfections, and cut obliquely, so as to make two wedge-shaped pieces. These are placed in sterile test-tubes with the thin end upward. The tubes are then sterilized for twenty minutes on three successive days. In Jºsmarch's method, slices of potato are placed in small sterilized glass dishes, and the latter, with the contained discs of potato, are sterilized in the steam 1170 POTTERS’ ASTH MA sterilizer for an hour. In the original method pota- toes were cleaned, then soaked in I to IOOo mercuric chlorid solution, and finally steamed for an hour. They were then carefully cut with a sterilized knife and allowed to fall apart in a moist chamber. Which- ever method is used, the inoculation with the bacteria is the same, namely, by means of the Oese or sterilized needle dipped in the material to be cultivated. P.- cure. See Cure. P.-disease: I. Same as P.-rof. 2. A French term for tuberculosis in cattle. P.- fungus, the cause of P.-rot, g. v. P.-mold. Same as P.-rof. P.-murrain. Same as P.-rof. P.- paste, a substitute for the solid potato as a culture- medium for bacteria, when a very extensive surface is desired. It is a stiff paste made with water from the dry, floury centers of well-boiled potatoes. P.-rot. See under Mildew. P., Spanish, P., Sweet, the tuber of ſpomea batatas. P.-spirit. See Alcohol, Amy!. P.-sugar, a sugar obtained from potatoes. P.-treatment. Same as P.-cure. Potency (po'-ten-se) [posse, to be able]. Power. Efficacy. Potential (po-tem/-shal) [potems, able]. Able or powerful. A term applied to remedies or agents that are energetic. In electricity, the tension or pressure of the current. It is estimated quantitatively in volts. P. Cautery. See Cautery. P., Difference of, a term employed to denote that portion of the electro- motive force which exists between any two points in a circuit. P. Energy, the force that an organism is capable of exerting under full stimulation. P., Zero, in electricity, the potential of a point infinitely dis- tant from all electrified bodies. Potentilla (po-ten-fi/-ah). See A/ard/acá. Potentiometer (po-ten-she-om/-et-er) [potentia, power; puéTpov, measure]. An instrument used for measuring the difference of electric potential between two points. Pothopatridalgia (poth-o-pat-rid-a/-je-ah) ſtróðog, longing; Tatpig, fatherland; &%)og, pain]. Home- sickness, or nostalgia, experienced in a foreign land. Potio, Potion (po/-she-o, po/-shum) [potio, a drink]. A drink or draught of a medicinal preparation. Potomania (po-to-ma/-ne-ah) [TóTog, drink; ſuavía, madness]. Delirium tremens. Potometer (po-ſom/-et-er) [TóTog, drink; uérpov, meas- ure]. In biology, an instrument for measuring the amount of water absorbed by a plant in a given time. Pototromania (po-to-tro-ma/-ne-ah) [TóTog, drink; Tpóplog, tremor; plavia, madness]. Delirium tremens. Pototromoparanoia (po-to-trom-o-par-am-oi'-ah)[TóTog, drink; Tpóplog, tremor; Tapávota, madness]. Delirium tremenS. Potpourri (po-poo-re') [Fr.]. A mixture of aromatic substances formerly used to perfume rooms. Pott’s Aneurysm. See Aneurysm, and Diseases, Zable of P.'s Boss, the projecting spinous process usually found in cases of Pott's disease. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of P.'s Disease, or Curvature, caries of the vertebrae, generally of tuberculous origin. It originates usually in an osteitis of the bodies of the vertebrae. The symptoms are stiffness of the spinal column, pain on motion, tenderness on pressure, un- due prominence of one or more of the spines; spas- modic pain in the abdomen; in late stages, sometimes paralysis. Abscess usually forms; it may appear quite early. P.'s Fracture. See Fracture. P.'s Gan- grene, senile gangrane. P.'s Paralysis, or Para- plegia, the paralysis resulting from pressure on the cord in Pott’s disease. Potters’ Asthma. Synonym of a form of pneumono- koniosis prevalent among potters. P. Bronchitis. 7 oz-mentilla, and POUCH 1171 See Bronchitis. P. Clay. See Azgil/a. P. Con- sumption, a form of pneumonokoniosis prevalent among potters. P. Lung, a chronic inflammation of the lungs common among potters, and due to the inhalation of dust. Pouch (powch) [Fr., poche, a pouch, pocket]. In biol- ogy, a sac, cecum, diverticulum or bag-like structure. P.-bone, a marsupial bone. P.-corona, the coronal intestine of Medusae. Same as Canal, Corona. P. of Douglas, the cul-de-sac of Douglas, a pouch formed by the recto-uterine fold of the peritoneum. P. of Fabricius. See Bursa fabricii. P.-gestation, gesta- tion in a pouch, as in marsupials. P.-gill, one of the gills of the lamprey, or marsipobranchs. P., Gut- tural, in biology, one of the large mucous bags in solipeds situated between the atlas and the anterior portion of the pharynx and larynx. P., Hair, the de- pression in the skin in which the hair grows. Ps., Ileo-cecal, narrow-necked folds of the peritoneum, at the termination of the ileum. P., Inguinal, a fold of the peritoneum behind the internal abdominal ring. P., Laryngeal, a blind pouch of mucosa opening into the ventral part of the ventricle of the larynx. P., Marsupial ; in marsupials, the bag on the anterior abdominal wall in which the young are carried. P., Needham's, in biology, an enlargement or cecal di- verticulum of the seminal duct of a cephalopod. P., Pararectal, the lateral portion of Douglas's pouch. P., Paravesical, the paravesical fossa. P. of Rathke, the diverticulum from the pharynx in the embryo, which goes to form the anterior portion of the hypoph- ysis. P., Rectal, of sharks and rays, a vascular and glandular dorsal diverticulum of the rectum, which Wilder thinks may represent the allantois of higher vertebrates. P., Recto-uterine, a pouch-like fold of the peritoneum that is reflected over the uterus. P., Recto-vaginal. Same as P., Recto-uterine. P., Recto-vesical, the pouch of the peritoneum that is reflected on the bladder. P., of Seesel, a pouch in the embryo behind the summit of the hypophysis. P., Subcecal, a fold of the peritoneum behind and below the cecum. P. of the Tympanic Membrane, folds of mucosa around the horizontal portion of the chorda tympani nerve as it passes through the tympanic cavity. P., Utero-vesical, P., Vesico-uterine, a pouch of peritoneum situated between the uterus and the bladder. Poudret, Poudrette (poo-dret/) [Fr.]. A form of commercial fertilizer formerly made, the basis of which was night-soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum, and other ingredients. Poultice (pó/-tis) [T6%toç, porridge]. A mixture of certain substances, as slippery elm, meal, flaxseed, mustard, etc., into a soft, mush-like mass, for applica- tion to the skin of a part. The poultice-material should be mixed with hot water into a mass of even consistence, and should be neatly spread upon muslim, linen, or lint, or even upon paper. Flaxseed or elm poultices should not be more than % inch in thick- ness, and should receive a thin coating of olive-oil before being applied. This prevents their sticking to the surface of the body. P., Anodyne, one yielding an anodyne effect; it usually contains some prepara- tion of opium. P., Antiseptic, one containing some germ-destroying substance. P., Fermenting, a poultice made by mixing wheat or corn flour with half its weight of yeast, and gently warming it until it be- gins to swell. It is used as an application to sloughing sores. P., Galvanic. See Galvanic. P., Porter, a flaxseed poultice made with a quantity of porter; its uses are those of the fermenting poultice, g. v. P., Vaginal, a poultice introduced into the vagina in the treatment of gonorrhea in the female. Power (pow/- er) [ME., poer, power J. POWER Pound (powmd) [AS., pund, pound]. In Troy weight 12 oz. or 5766 grains; in avoirdupois. I6 oz. or 7000 Troy grains, or 453.6 grams. Symbol fo. See Weigh/ and Measures. P., Foot, the force necessary to raise one pound through the height of one foot. P.-nose, a nose that weighs a pound, a vulgarism for hypertro: phy of the nose. Poundal (powm/-da!) [AS., pund, pound]. A unit of force; that force which applied to a pound of matter for one second generates in it a velocity of one foot per second. P., Foot. See Pounda/. Poupart's Ligament. See Zigament. - Poverty (pov’-er-te) [ME., poverſee, poverty]. The state or condition of being poor. P. of the Blood, a condition of the blood in which there is a deficiency of the red corpuscles or of the coloring-matter of the blood. P.-plants, a class of plants the names of which relate either to the fact that they greatly injure the farmer by impoverishing the soil, or to the ex- tremely poor kind of soil in which they grow, e.g., Poverty (Polemonium carruleum), Poverty-weed (Sper- gula arvensis), Hunger-weed (A&amunculus arzensis), etc. Powder (pow/-der) [ME., powder, powder]. Fine, minute, loose particles, as of dust. See Pulvis. P. of Algaroth, a powder prepared by adding an excess of water to an aqueous solution of the terchlorid of antimony. It is composed chiefly of the oxychlorid of antimony. P., Aromatic, a powder composed of cinnamon, ginger, and carda- mom, with or without nutmeg. P., Bleaching. Syn- onym of chlorinated lime. P.-blower, an apparatus for blowing powder into cavities, as the ear, the nose, the larynx, etc. P., Compound Chalk, a powder con- taining prepared chalk, acacia and Sugar. P., Com- pound Effervescing. Same as P., Seidlitz. P., Compound Licorice, a powder containing Senna, glycyrrhiza and sugar, with or without fennel and washed sulphur. P., Compound Morphin. Same as P., Tully's. P., Dover's, a diaphoretic and sedative powder composed of powdered opium and ipecac, each one part, and eight parts of Sugar of milk. P., Effervescing. See P., Soda. P., Fever, of James. See Pulvis antimonialis. P., Goa. See Chrysarobin. P., Gray. See Hydrar- gyrum. P., Insect. See Insect Powder. P., James's. Synonym of Pulvis antimoniaſis. P., Jesuits’, pow- dered cinchona, so-called because the Jesuit priests dis- tributed it gratuitously to the poor. P., Knox's : I. Calx chlorata; 2. A mixture of 3 parts calcium chlo- rite (?) and 8 parts sodium chlorid. P., Pearl. Bis- muth submitrate. P., Ringworm. Synonym of Chrysarobin. P., Seidlitz. See Potassium. (Puſz. effervesc. comp.) P., Soda, a powder containing sodium bicarbonate, 30 grains, and tartaric acid, 25 grains. P., Styptic, a powder containing alum, gum acacia, and colophony, sometimes with the addi- tion of argil and tragacanth. P., Talcum, powdered soapstone, used often as a local application to in- flamed surfaces. P., Tennant’s, chlorinated lime. P., Tully's, a powder composed of camphor, pre- pared chalk, and licorice, 2O parts each, and morphin sulphate, I part. It is used as a substitute for Dover's powder. P., Vienna, potassa and lime. P., Vigo’s, red oxid of mercury. Strength ; energy. P., Absolute, the weight which must be attached to a muscle to keep it from contracting when stimulated. P., Combining, in chemistry, the num- ber of hydrogen atoms with which an element is able to combine. P., Mechanical, either of the elemen- tary powers, the lever and the inclined plane, from POX which all other mechanisms are derived. P., Sen- sorial, the power of receiving and emitting impulses. P., Sexual, the ability of having sexual intercourse. P., Specific Refractive, a quantity which is constant for every refractive substance, and is found by dividing the index of refraction of the substance, minus one, by the specific gravity of the substance. The quotient multiplied by the molecular weight of the substance gives the refraction equivalent. P., Specific Rota- tory, the amount of rotation of a substance, in degrees of a circle of the plane of polarized light, produced by one gram of the substance dissolved in one c.c. of liquid examined in a column one decimeter long. Pox (poks) [pocks. Al, of Pock]. I. A term applied to several infectious eruptive diseases. 2. Syphilis. P., Ape, an exanthematous disease of West Indian monkeys, observed during smallpox epidemics. P., Bastard. Synonym of Varice//a. P., Chicken. See Varicel/a. P., Cow. See Cow-pox. P., False. Synonym of Varicella. P., French. See Syphilis. P., Gland, P., Glans. Synonyms of Varicella. P., Grease. Synonym of Horse-pox. P., Great. Synonym of Syphilis. P., Horn. See Horn -pox. P., Horse. See Horse-pox. P., Small. See Variola. Practice (prak/-tis) [practicare, to practise]. The official duties of a physician or surgeon in his profes- sional work; also, the exercise of these duties. Practitioner (prak-tish/-un-er) [Fr., practicien, practi- care, to practise]. One who practises a profession, especially that of medicine. (A badly-formed word.) P., General, one who treats all ailments, in distinc- tion from the specialist, who treats only one or a few diseases, or the diseases of one or a few organs. Prae- (£re-) [L.]. A Latin preposition meaning before, used as a prefix to denote position. It places the words with which it is combined in antithesis to those combined with post-. For anglicized words thus begin- ing see Pre-. Praebium (pre/-be-um) [praebere, to furnish]. Praecava (/re-ka/-vah). See Precava. Praecinctum (pre-sin//-tum). Synonym of Diaphragm. Praecordia (pre-kor/-de-ah). See Precordia. Praecornu (pre-kor/-nu). See Precornu. Praecuneus (pre-ku-me/-us). See Precuneus. Praeforceps (pre-for’-seps). See Preforceps. Praegeniculatum (prejen-ić-u-la/-tum). See Pregem- icut/a/aam2. Praeglobin (Are-glo/-bin). See Preglobin. Praehallux (pre-/a/-uks). See Prehallux. Praelabrum (pre-la/-brum) [prae, before; labrum, lip : p/., Prae/abra J. In biology, the clypeus or epistoma. Praemaxilla (pre-ma/s-i/-a/). See Premaxi/a. Praemedulla (pre-me-du/-ah). Synonym of Medulla oblongata. Praemose (Are/-möz). See Premose. Praenomen (pre-mo/-men). See Premomen. Praeoperculum (Are-o-per/- Au - Jum). See Preoper- culum. Praepedunculus (pre-pe-dung/-ku-/us). dunculus. Praepelvisternum (pre-pel-vis-ter/-num). zyżs/er/zzazz. Praeperforatus (pre-per-for-a/-/us). See Preperforatus. Praeputium (pre-p://-she-um). See Prepuce.' - Praescapularis (pre-scap-u-la/-ris). Synonym of Supra- spinatus. - Praescutum (pre-sku/-tum) [prae, before; scutum, a shield: pl., Praescuta]. In biology, the most anterior of the sclerites, composing the tergal portion of each thoracic segment of an arthropod. Praeseminal (pre-sem/-in-a/). See Preseminal. Praesternum (pre-ster/-num). See Presternum. Dose. See Prepe- See Prepel. 1172 PREBASAL Praevia (Are/-we-ah) [pra, before; via, a way]. First : coming before. P., Placenta. See Placenta. Pragmatagnosia (prag-mat-ag-no/-ze-a/.) [Tpāyua, an object; ayvoota, want of recognition]. Inability to recognize an object. P., Visual, a term suggested by Dr. John Wyllie for object-blindness. Pragmatamnesia (prag-mat-am-ne/-ze-ah) [Tpāypia, an object; āuvmota, forgetfulness]. Inability to re- member the appearance of an object. P., Visual, a term suggested by Dr. John Wyllie for that mental condition in which there is inability to call up the visual image of an object. Prague Method. A method of delivery of the after- coming head. The child’s ankles are grasped above the internal malleoli with the right hand. The index finger of the left hand is flexed over one clavicle, and the remaining fingers of the same hand over the other clavicle. Traction directly down is now made with both hands until the perineum is well distended. The right hand then loosens its hold upon the ankles and again grasps higher up the legs, the child’s feet being in contact with the back of the right hand. By a circular movement the feet are now raised toward the mother's abdomen, the obstetrician using the left hand, as originally placed, as a fulcrum around which the head moves. Prairie (pra/-re) [Fr.]. A meadow. P. Digs. See Army Itch. P. Itch, a name given to a combination of pruritus hiemalis and scabies. See Army ſtch. Pratal (pra/-tal) [pratum, a meadow]. In biology, inhabiting meadows. Cf. Pascual. Pratesi’s Reagent. A reagent for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of potassium bichro- mate and an alkaline silicate. See Z ests, Table of Pravaz’s Syringe. A hypodermatic syringe with a long trocar and cannula. Praxis (praks/-īs). See Practice. Pray’s Test-letters or Test. A test for astigmatism, consisting of capital letters composed of strokes that run in different directions for each letter. Prazmowski, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. - Pre-acetabular (pre-as-et-ab/-u-lar)[prae, before; aceta- ôulum, acetabulum]. Situated in front of the acetabu- lum. Pre-albuminuric (pre-a/-bu-min-u/-rié) [prae, before; albumen, albumin ; oipov, urine]. A condition or symptom coming or occurring before the appearance of albuminuria. Pre-anal (pre-a/-mal) [pra, before; anus, anus]. In biology, situated in front of the anus. Pre-aortic (pre-a-or/-fift) [pre, before; doptſ, aortal. Situated in front of the aorta. Pre-aseptic (pre-as-ep'-tić) [prae, before; d, priv.; of pig, sepsis]. Pertaining to the period before the in- troduction of aseptic surgery. Pre-ataxic (pre-at-aks/-ić) [prae, before; i, priv.; Tášic, order]. Occurring before ataxia. Pre-auditory (pre-aw'-dit-or-e)[pra, before; audire, to hear]. In anatomy, situated in front of the auditory nerve or canal. Pre-axal (pre-a/s/-a/) [prae, before ; axis, axis]. chordal; placed in front of the axon. Pre-axial (pre-a/s/-e-a/) [prae, before ; axis, axis]. Situated in front of the axis; in a limb, situated on the internal or anterior aspect—in the arm, on the radial, in the leg, on the tibial side. Prebacillary (pre-bas/-iſ-a-re) [prae, before; bacillus, bacillus]. Occurring before the invasion of the system. by bacilli. Prebasal (pre-ba/-gal) [prae, before; basis, step, pedes, tal]. In biology, in-front of a basal portion. Pre- | PREBASILAR Prebasilar (pre-ba/-zil-ar) [prae, before; basis, base]. Situated, or occurring, in front of any basilar structure, especially, in front of the basilar process of the occipi- tal bone. Prebrachial (pre-bra/-ke-al) [prae, before; brachium, upper arm]. (a) Located on the anterior aspect of the brachium or upper arm, e. g., the group of prebrachial muscles: biceps, coraco-brachialis, and brachialis anticus. (b) A vein in the wings of certain insects. Prebrachium (pre-bra/-ke-um) [prae, before; bra- chium, arm]. The anterior brachium of the brain seen on the lateral slope of the mesencephal. The fibers run obliquely dorsoventrad. In biology, the antebrachial membrane or propatagium. The wing- membrane of bats, above the arm or forearm. Prebranchial (pre-brang/-ke-al) [prae, before; bran- chie, gills]. In biology, located in front of the gills. Prebronchial (pre-brong/-ke-al) [prae, before; 3póyxog, bronchus]. Situated in front of the bronchi. Prebuccal (pre-buk/-al) [prae, before ; bucca, cheek]. In biology, placed in front of the mouth; preoral; prostomial. Precancerous (pre-kan'-ser-us) [prae, before; cancer, carcinoma]. Occurring before the development of a Car CLI] OIIla. Precardiac (pre-kar/-de-ak) [prae, before; heart]. Cephalad of the heart. Precartilaginous (pre-kar-til.aj'-in-us) [prae, before; cartilago, cartilage]. Prior to the formation of carti- lage, as in a certain stage of an embryo. Precaudal (pre-kaw/-da!) [prae, before ; cauda, tail]. Situated in front of the tail or tail-vertebrae. Precava (pre-ka/-vah) [prae, before; cavus, hollow]. The anterior, or superior vena cava; the vena cava descendens. Precaval (pre-ka/-val) [pra, before; cavus, hollow]. Pertaining to the precava. Precentral (pre-sen'-tral) [prae, before; centrum, center]. Situated in front of the central fissure. P. Convolution. See Conzolutions, Table of P. Fis- sure. See Fissures, Table of P. Sulcus. Synonym of P. Fºsszzze. Precerebellar (pre-ser-e-àe/-ar) [prae, before ; cere- bellum, cerebellum]. Situated before (above) the cerebellum. Precerebral (pre-ser’-e-bral) [prae, before; cerebrum, cerebrum.]. Situated, or occurring before (above), the cerebrum. Prechordal (pre-kor/-dal)[pre, before; chorda, chord, string]. Situated in front of the notochord. Precipitant (pre-sip/-it-ant) [pre, before; caput, head]. Any reagent causing precipitation. Precipitate (pre-sip/-it-àt) [prae, before; capur, head]. The solid substance thrown down from a solution of a substance on the addition of a reagent which de- prives it of its solubility. [Abbreviation: Ppt.] P., Atmospheric, one formed on simple exposure to the air. P., Red. See //pdrargyrum oxidium rubrum. P., White, N,(Hg),Cl), formed by adding ammonium hydrate to a solution of, mercuric chlorid. Hydrargy- rum ammoniatum. Precipitate (pre-sip/-it-it) [pra, before; caput, head]. Headlong; hasty. P. Labor. See Labor. Precipitation (pre-sip-it-a/-shun), [praecipitatio). The process of throwing down solids from the liquids which hold them in solution. It is usually effected by chemic reaction. Precipitates are crystal/ine, amor- phones, curdy, flocculent, granular, or gelatinous, ac- cording to the form assumed. The agent causing precipitation is the precipitant, the solid thrown down, the precipitate. P., Fractional, the process employed in separating a mixture of fatty acids by the addition Kapòta, 1173 PREDENTARY of small portions of the acetate of a heavy metal. The precipitate consists of a combination of the metal with a large proportion of the less volatile acid and a small proportion of the more volatile acid. In the filtrate the proportions are reversed. The metal is sepa- rated from the less volatile acid by dissolving the pre- cipitate in hydrochloric acid. The process is repeated until finally the filtrate contains practically only the more volatile acid, and the precipitate only the less volatile acid. P., Partial, a process of separating two soluble salts by precipitation of a portion of each, and subsequent decomposition of the precipitate. The latter is redissolved and again precipitated. Preclitellian (pre-Ali-te/-e-an) [prae, before; clitellum, a pack-saddle]. In biology, applied to such earth- worms as have the ducts of the testes opening in front of the clitellum. Precloacal (pre-Ålo/-a-hal) [prae, before ; cloaca, a sewer]. In biology, of or pertaining to, the front part of the cloaca. Precocity (pre-kos/-īt-e) [prae, before; coquere, to ripen]. Early development or maturity. It is applied especially to great development of the mental faculties at an early age. Precommissure (pre-kom/-is-àr) [prae, before; com- missura, commissurej. The anterior commissure of the brain ; it is a marked thickening of the parietes, a compact bundle of nerve-fibers extending laterad and dividing a short distance from the meson into two portions, a temporal and an olfactory. Precoracoid, Praecoracoid (pre-kor/-ak-oid) [prae, before; kópaš, raven; eiðog, like]. In biology: (a) placed in front of the coracoid process of the scapula; (b) a specific part of the pectoral arch of certain vertebrates. Precordia (pre-kor/-de-ah) [prae, before; cor, the heart: either sing., nom., fem., or pl. of AErecordium]. A name applied to the diaphragm, the thoracic viscera, or the epigastric region, but often more especially to the area of the chest overlying the heart. Precordial (pre-kor/-de-a/) [prae, before; cor, heart]. Situated, or occurring, in the region of the precordia. Precordialgia (Are-kor-de-a/-je-ah) [/re, before; cor, heart; &Ayoc, pain]. Pain in the precordial region. Precordium (pre-kor/-de-um). Synonym of Precordia. Precorneal (pre-kor/-ne-a/) [prae, before; corneus, horny]. Situated on the front of the cornea of the eye. Precornu (pre-kor/-nu) [prae, before; cornu, a horn]. The anterior cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. Precribrum (pre-Arib'-rum) [prae, before; criòrum, sieve]. The anterior perforated space of the brain. Precuneal (pre-ku’-ne-a/) [pra, before ; cuneus, wedge]. Situated in front of the cuneus; specifically, pertaining to the precuneus. Precuneus (pre-ku/-me-us) [prae, before; cuneus, wedge]. The quadrate lobule of the parietal lobe situated cephalad of the cuneus of the occipital lobe. Precurrent (żre-Azer/-ent) [prae, before ; cz//rere, to run]. In biology, extending cephalad ; antrorse. Precursor (pre-kur’-sor) [prº, before ; currere, to run]. A forerunner; a premonitory sign. Precursory (pre-kur’-sor-e). Synonym of Premon- itory. Predacean (pre-da’-se-an)[/rºdav, given to preying]. In biology, a carnivorous or predaceous animal. Predelineation (Are-de-lin-e-a/-shtºn). Synonym of A reformation. Predentary (pre-den/-fa-re) [prae, before; dens, tooth]. In biology, a portion of the jaw-bone of certain reptiles. PREDIASTOLIC Prediastolic (pre-di-as-to/-ić) [prae, before; 6aotožň, diastole]. Occuring before the diastole of the heart. Predicrotic (pre-di-krot/-i}) [prae, before; jusporog, double beating]. Preceding the dicrotic. P. Wave, the primary wave in the dicrotic curve of a sphygmogram. Predigastric (pre-di-gas'-triæ) [prae, before; digastric]. Pertaining to the predigastricus. Predigastricus (pre-di-gas'-trik - us) [prae, before; dºgastric]. The anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Predigested (pre-dijes/-fed ) [prae, before; digerere, to digest]. Partly digested by artificial means before being taken into the stomach. P. Foods, foods that have been prepared by a process of artificial digestion through the agency of various ferments. Predigestion (pre-di-jes/-chun) [prae, before, digerere, to digest]. Previous digestion. Predilatator (pre-diſ-at-a/-tor) [prae, before ; dilator, a dilator]. The anterior dilator muscle of the nostril. Predisponent (pre-dis-po'-ment). Synonym of Predis- Aosing. Predisposing (pre-dis-po'-zing)[prae, before; dispomere, to dispose]. A peculiar condition of the system that renders it liable to attack, under a slight exciting cause ; making susceptible. Predisposition (pre-dis-po-zish/-un) [pre, before; dis- ponere, to dispose]. That condition of the body in which causes that leave other persons unaffected call forth an attack of disease in individuals predisposed. Predisposition may be inherited or acquired. The term at the present time refers especially to suscepti- bility to infectious diseases, and implies a peculiar con- dition of the bodily juices or cells, in which these are unable to repel the invasion of pathogenic micro- organisms. Predormition (Are-dor-mish/-un) [pra, before; dor- mition]. Applied to the stage of unconsciousness immediately preceding actual sleep. - Predorsal (pre-dor’-sal) [prae, before; dorsum, back]. Situated in front of the dorsum or back. Prečfficients (pre-effish/-entz) [pre, before ; efficiens effecting]. In biology, Galton's term for the sum total of predisposing causes, or factors, in the consid- eration of any given phenomenon. Pre-esophageal, Praeesophageal (pre-e-so-ſa/-e-al) [Ara, before; otooſhayog, esophagus]. In biology, placed in front of the gullet or anterior to the esopha- geal ring of an invertebrate. Prefloration (Are ſo-ra'-shun) [Ara, before; florare, to blossom]. See Estivation. Prefoliation (pre-fo-le-a/-shun) [prae, before; foliare, to put forth leaves]. See Vernation. Prefontanel (pre-ſon-tan-e/) [prae, before; fontana, a little fountain]. The anterior fontanel. Preforceps (pre-for’-seps) [prae, before; forceps, for- ceps]. Those hooked or curved anterior fibers of the callosum that reach cephalad into the frontal lobe. Preform (pre-form/) [prae, before; formare, to shape, fashion]. In biology, the antecedent determination of a form or shape. Preformation (pre-for-ma’ - shun ) [prae, before; formare, to form]. A previous formation. P., Theory of, a theory prevalent at one time, according to which the germs of all individuals of a species were contained in the first individual of that species created ; that, e. g., Eve held in her ovary the germs of all human beings, one encased within the other. Those who espoused this theory of female emcasemenſ were known as Ovulists. An opposing school taught that the spermatozoön was the essential element in repro- duction ; that the ovum simply offered a favorable soil for its development, and that in the spermatozoön of Adam all mankind had been preformed. The adhe- 1174 PREGINANCY rents of the theory of the encasement of the male were styled Animalculists. See Ancasement. Prefrontal (Are-frun/-tal) [pra, before; frons, fore- head]. In biology: (a) the fore part of the frontal region; (b) one of the anterior cranial bones of cer- tain vertebrates. Pregeminal (pre-jem/-in-al) [prae, before; geminus, twinj. Relating to the anterior pair of the corpora quadrigemina. Pregeminum (pre-fem/-in-um) [prae, before; geminus, twin). The anterior pair of the corpora quadrigemina, considered as forming together a single organ. Pregeniculatum (fre-fem-ik-tº-la/-tum) [pra, before; geniculatum, geniculate]. Same as Prºgeniculum. Pregeniculum (pre-ſen-i/º/-at-lum). The external gemi- culate body, on the outer side of the corpora quadri- gemina and under the back part of the optic thalamus. It is characterized by the regular alternation of deeply gray and white lamina. The nerve-cells in the gray substance are large, multipolar, and pigmented. Pregenital (pre-ſen/-it-al) [Ara, before; genitalis, belonging to generation]. In biology, located in front of the external genital organs. Preglenoid (pre-gle/-noid) [prae, before; YAffym, pit; eiðoç, like]. Situated in front of the glenoid fossa. Preglobin (pre-glo/-bin) [prae, before; globus, a globe]. An albuminoid derivable from cytoglobin by the in- fluence of dilute acids. It differs from other albumin- oids in being insoluble in an excess of acetic acid. Preglobulin (pre-glob/-u-lin) [prae, before ; globulus, a little ball]. An albuminous body present in small amount in cells, insoluble in water, soluble in a ten per cent. sodium chlorid solution and a dilute alkaline solution. It slightly inhibits coagulation. Pregnancy (preg’-nam-se) [pregnans, with child]. The state of the female corresponding to the pres- ence within her body of the product of concep- tion; the period from conception to delivery. If delivery is protracted far beyond the normal time and the ovum is dead, the condition of pregnancy cannot be said to exist. The normal duration of pregnancy in woman is 280 days, or ten lunar months of twenty-eight days each, or nine calendar months. Various methods have been devised to estimate the probable termination of pregnancy, one of which, Ely’s Table, is here introduced. The period of ges- tation varies in different animals, as shown in the following table :- PERIOD OF GESTATION OR INCUBATION (Schenk). Days. Weeks. Coluber, . . . . . . . 12 Badger, Hen, 2 I §§ } tº e IO Duck, ſ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 2 Lion, . . . . . . . . . . I4. Goose, . . . . . . . . 29 Pig, . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Stork, . . . . . . . . 2 Sheep, . . . . . . . . . 2 I Cassowary, . . . . . . 65 Goat, . . . . . . . . . . 22 §. tº ſº º tº dº s tº º 24 #. * * * * s e º a º ſº e 24 abbit, ear, Hare, ſ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' * Small apes, } & t w ł & © 39 Deer, . . . . . . . . . 36-40 Weeks. Woman, . . . . . . . . . 4O Rat, . . . . . . . . . 5 * Guinea-pig, . . . . . . 7 Months. Cat, 8 Horse, } I I Marten, tº t e º 'ºn & # Camel, q := e º 'º e e * e Dog, Rhinoceros, . . . . . . . 18 Fox, X- . . . . . . 9 Elephant, . . . . . . . . . 24 Foumart, P., Abdominal, the lodgment of the developing ovum in the abdominal or peritoneal cavity; it is primary, if the fertilization take place in the cavity, and secondary, if the embryo or ovum break through the enclosing walls of a tube or uterine cornu into the peritoneal cavity. P., Cervical: PREGNANCY 1175 PREHALTER i ## - -*. §| $ . s primitive, a variety of ectopic gestation wherein the $| $| * § . Retecious (re-ſe/-se-us). Same as Retform. Retene (re/-/en), Cls His. A hydrocarbon occurring in the highest fractions of coal-tar and also a derivative of phenanthrene. It occurs in the tar of highly resinous pines and in some mineral resins. It is very soluble in alcohol and benzene, and crystallizes in leaflets with a mother-of-pearl luster; it melts at 98° C., and boils at about 390° C. Retention (re-ten/-shun) [re/en/io; re, back; femere, to hold]. The holding back or stoppage of any of the natural discharges of the body, as the feces, lochia, urine, menstrual flow, etc. R.-cyst, a cyst formed by a secretion, the natural outlet being closed. R., Hystero-cystic, retention of urine caused by pressure from a gravid uterus. R. of Milk. Same as Galactoschesis, g. v. R. of Menses : I. Reten- tion of menstrual blood due to mechanical interference with its outward flow. 2. Postponement of menstrua- tion after the proper age for its establishment. R. of Placenta, failure of expulsion of a placenta as a result of improper or deficient uterine contractions. R. of Urine, inability to empty the bladder voluntarily. Retentive (re-ten/-fiv) [refinere, to retain]. That which holds anything in place. Retia (re/-/e-ah) [L., plural of Reſe]. See Reſe. Retial (re/-te-a/) [rete, a net]. Relating to, or of the nature of, a rete. Retiary (re/-te-a-re) [reſe, a net]. Net-like. Reticular (ret-i}/-u-lar) [reticulum, a little net]. Formed by reticulation ; areolar; abounding in inter- stices. R. Cartilage. Same as yellow elastic car- tilage, g. v. R. Formation, a formation occupying the anterior and lateral area of the oblongata dorsad of the pyramids and lower olives and extending up into the pons. R. Lamina of Kölliker. See Membrane, A'eticular. R. Layer of the Skin, the deep layer of the derma, consisting of strong interlacing bands of white and yellow fibrous tissue. Reticulare (ret-ić-u-la/-re) [reticularis, like a net]. The rete mucosum. See Reſe. Reticulate (re-/i4/-u-/a/) [reticulum, a little net]. In biology, in the form of network; said of the veins of leaves and the surface-markings of different organs. Reticulated (ret-A/-u-la-tea'). Having net-like meshes. Reticulation (ref - iſ - a -la/- shun) [reficulatus, like a net]. The character of being reticulated, Reticulose (ret-A/-u-lóz) [reticulum, a net]. Minutely o, finely reticulate. tial peripheral organ of vision, the third or internal coat or membrane of the eye, made up of the end- organs or expansion of the optic nerve within the globe. It is composed of ten layers from without in- ward, as follows: I. Pigment-cells. 2. Rods and I, I. Layer of rods and cones. 2. R O d s. 3. Cones. 4. Upper portion of rods. 5. I, o we r por- tion. 6. Point of union of these two parts. 7, 7. Two cells of the granular layer. 8, 8. Two other cells of the sanne layer. 9, 9. Still two other cells of the s a me layer. Io. Cell of the layer of gray matter with which these com- municate. I I, 12. Other cells of the granular layer. 13. Tripolar cell with which these are continuous. 14. A rod contin- uous with the elements of the other layers. I5. Process by which it commu- nicates withacell of the external granular layer. I6. Process by which this cell communicates with a cell of the internal granu- lar layer. I7. Process by which this cell communicates ELEMENTS OF THE RETINA. with the layer of gray matter. I8. Process from the last entering into the fibrous layer. IQ. A radiating fiber of Müller. 20. Conoid swelling by which this fiber is attached to the internal limiting layer. 21. A cone continuous with the other elements of the retina. 22. Cell of external granular layer. .23. Intermediary process between two cells of the granular layer. 24. Process, con- necting a cell of the granular layer with a cell of the layer of gray matter. 25. Process of cell of layer of gray matter. 26. A radiating fiber. cones. 3. External limiting. 4. External granular. 5. Outer molecular. 6. Internal granular. 7. Inter- mal molecular. 8. Ganglionic. 9. Nerve-fiber. Io. Internal limiting. R., Central Artery of, a branch of the ophthalmic artery that pierces the optic nerve in the orbit, branching within the globe, and supply- ing the retina. R., Coarctate, a term used to describe the morbid condition caused by an effusion of liquid between the retina and the choroid. tachment of, disconnection from the choroid. Epilepsy of, a symptom of migraine or of epilepsy, characterized by transient loss of sight. R., Leopard or Tiger, centralis of. 1, I. Layer of . rods and cones. 2. Rod s. 3. C on e S. 4, 4. Membrana limi- tans externa. , 5, 5. Outer and in- ner granul a r layers. 6. Outer granular layer. 7. Inter-granular layer. 8. Inner, granular layer. . 9. Layer of gray matter. Io. Gran- ular portion of this layer. II. Cellular portion. I2, I2. Fibrous layer. 13. Mem- brana limitans interna. I4, 14. Radiating fibers, inserted into this See Fozea. RETINACULUM membrane. VERTICAL SECTION OF THE RETINA. the appearance of the retina in chronic refinitis pig- mentosa. R., Limbus luteus of. See Alſaczz/or ſtatea. R., Membrana limitans of. See Alſemi- brana limitans. R., Pulsation of. See Pulsation. R., Shot-silk Appearance of. See Aceſſex, Watered. s?/4. R., Sustentacular Fibers of. See A76ers of Müller. Retinaculum (ref - in - ak’- it - lum) [refinere, to hold back: pl., Kežinacula]. I. A term applied to such bands or membranes as hold back an organ or part, as the Retinaculum of the ileo-cecal valve. 2. An instru- ment at one time used in operations for hernia. 3. In biology: (a) That viscid, discoid portion of the rostellum of an orchid which holds the pollen masses in place and is removed with them by a visiting insect; it is also called proscolla, and viscid disc, (b) the hardened, uncinate funiculus of the seeds of many of the Acantha- ceae; (c) the little plate or scale which in certain in- sects restrains the protrusion of the sting. Retinac- ula of Barry, tense filaments running from the thickened portion of the cellular membrane lining the Graafian follicle to other parts of the membrane. R. costae ultimatae. Same as Zumbo-cosſal Zigament, q. v. Retinacula cutis, fibrous bands connecting the corium with the underlying fascia. R. ligamenti arcuati, the short external lateral ligaments of the knee-joint, q. v. Retinacula morgagni, or Retinac- ula of the Ileo-cecal Valve, the membranous ridge formed by the coming together of the valve-segments at each end of the opening between the cecum and the RETINITIS ileum. Retinacula ossis brachii, fibrous bands in- serted into the neck of the humerus and having their origin in the capsule of the humero-scapular articula- tion. R. patellae externum, the lateral patellar ligaments. R. patellae internum, the ligamentum patellae mediale. Retinacula patellae, laterale et mediale. See Lateral Pate//ar Zigaments. R. peroneorum inferius, a fibrous band running over the peroneal tendons as they pass through the grooves on the outer side of the calcaneum. R. peroneorum superius, R. tendinum peroneorum. See Ziga- ment, Extreme Angular (of Ank/e). Retinacula val- vulae. See A’eſimacula mozgagni. R. of Weit- bricht, bands of ligamentous tissue situated on the neck of the trochanter of the femur. Retinal (ref/-in-a/) [refinalis; reſe, a network]. Per- taining to the retina. R. Apoplexy, hemorrhage into the retina. R. Horizon, a term used by Helmholtz to describe the horizontal plane passing through the transverse axis of the eyeball. R. Image, the image of external objects as reflected on the retina. R. Ischemia, anemia of the retina. R. Melanin. See Fuscin. R. Purple. Same as A&/odoſsin. Retinerved (re/-tim-erºd) [reſe, net; merºus, nerve]. In biology, reticulate; netted-veined. Retinitis (ret-in-i/-ſis) [reſina, retina; 1776, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the retina, classed, according to its etiology, into albuminuric, diabetic, leukemic, pigmentary (A. pigmen/osa), syphilitic, etc., most of which are characterized by distinctive ophthalmoscopic appearances. R. albuminurica, the form due to nephritis, usually chronic. Numerous white spots may be seen scattered over the fundus, some having an irregular outline, while others are stellated. There are also spots of hemorrhagic extravasation. R., Central Punctate, a form seen most in the aged. A great number of striae or white spots are visible in the fundus. R., Central Relapsing, a form of syphilitic retinitis in which there is a gray or yellow area in the macular region, or numerous small yellowish-white spots and pigment-dots. It is a rare form, and is inclined to relapse. R. cere- bralis, retinitis due to intracranial inflammation. R., Choroido-, a form of syphilitic retinitis with cellular infiltration, exudation, atrophy, and prolifera- tion of the pigment-epithelium in the choroid, be- tween the choroid and retina, and in the retinal layers. R. circumpapillaris, a form in which there is proliferation of the outer layers of the retina around the disc. R., Diabetic, the form of retinitis occur- ring in diabetes. R., Diffuse. See A. serosa. R., Diffuse Parenchymatous, the parenchymatous form affecting the limitans, the externa, the in- terna, and the adventitia. R. exsudativa, retinitis with parenchymatous exudation. R., Glycosuric. Same as A., Diabetic, g. v. R. gravidarum, a form occurring in pregnant women and which is similar to retinitis albuminurica, and is of grave prognostic im- port. R. haemorrhagica, a form in which there is swelling of the papilla and opaque infiltration of the surrounding retina; there are distended, dark, and tortuous veins, and the arteries are small ; there are hemorrhages, linear or irregular and round in appear- ance. R. hepatica, a rare form which sometimes occurs in cases of parenchymatous hepatitis. R. leukaemica, a form characterized by pallor of the retinal vessels and optic disc, the boundary of the latter being indistinct. Hemorrhages appear at vari. ous points of the membrane, while numerous white patches and round bodies are visible about the disc in the retina. It is a result of systemic anemia. R. macularis. Same as R., Central Relapsing, g. v. RETINOCHOROIDITIS R. nephritica. See A. albuminurica. R. nycta- lopica, a diffuse, streaked opacity of the retina and Swelling of the disc, with central scotoma or color- Scotoma, and more or less marked amblyopia. It indicates retro-bulbar neuritis. R. paralytica (of A7ein), retinitis caused by paralysis affecting the optic nerve. R., Parenchymatous, a simple chronic retinitis affecting the connective tissue of the retina. R. pigmentosa, an affection involving all the layers of the retina, and consisting in a slowly-pro- gressing connective-tissue and pigment-cell prolifera- tion of the entire membrane, with wasting of its nerve-elements. The disease is most common in males, is often hereditary, and begins at a very early period of life, and may be congenital. Both eyes are attacked simultaneously, though occasionally only one suffers. R. postica, inflammation of the ectal retinal layer. R., Proliferating, a development of connective tissue in the retina, with the formation of dense bluish-white masses within the retina, and extending into the vitreous humor. R. punctata albescens. Same as R., Centra/ Punctate, 7. v. R., Purulent, a form in which there are small circum- scribed white spots near the papilla and in the macular region. R., Renal. See A. albuminurica. R., Septic. Same as Ā’., Purulent. R. serosa, a form characterized by an infiltration, most marked in the nerve-fiber and ganglionic layer of the retina, creating opacity, edema, and hyperemia, most marked in the veins. R., Simple Syphilitic, a form of syphilitic retinitis in which the ophthalmoscope shows a gray opacity surrounding the papilla, which is dis- colored and cloudy, and the veins darker than normal. R. simplex. Same as Ā’. serosa, 7. v. R., Solar, retinal change from the effect of sunlight. R. sym- pathetica, retinitis of sympathetic origin, and attended with retinal hyperemia, redness of the disc, engorge- ment of the veins, and great disturbance of vision. R., Syphilitic, the form occurring in syphilis; it is chronic, diffuse, and a late manifestation of the sys- temic disease. Retinochoroiditis (ref - in -o- Áo - roi - di/- (is) [retina, retina; Yôptov, the chorion; eiðog, like ; itſg, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the retina and cho- roid. See Choroido-refinitis. Retinogen (ret/-in-o-jen) [ retina, retina; , Yevvāv, to produce]. In biology, the ectal of the two layers com- posing the ectoderm of the embryonic eye of arthro- pods, the ental layer being called the gang/iogen. Retinoid (re/-in-oid) [Antivm, resin ; eiðoc, form]. Resin-like, or in the form of a resin. Retinol (ref/-in-o/) [hyrium, a resinj, Cs, Hig. Rosino/; a liquid hydrocarbon derived from the destructive distillation of resin. It is employed in capsules for blennorrhea. It is a good solvent for iodol, aristol, camphor, etc., and is antiseptic, tonic, and cicatrizant. Dose muwiij three or four times daily. Unof. Retinophora (ret-in-off’-or-a/) [retina, retina; påpelv, bear: pl., Retinophorae J. In biology, one of the crystalline cone-cells of the arthropodan eye. The retinophorae are surrounded by pigment-cells. Retinoscopy (ret-in-osſ-ko-ſe) [retina, retina ; aroſtěiv, to observe]. A method of estimating the refraction of the eye by observation of the movements of the retinal images and shadows through the ophthalmo- scopic mirror. The method has also been called, and very properly, the Fundus-re/ex 7est, other terms are: Keratoscopy, Pupilloscopy, Umbrascoſy, Skiascopy, Aoroscopy, etc. R., Phosphenic, a method of learn- ing the condition of the retina when the crystalline lens is opaque. It consists in making slight pressure on different regions of the closed eye; if the retina 1260 RETRAHENT is healthy under the region pressed, a luminous circle is seen by the patient on the side opposite to the point of pressure. Retinoskiascopy (ret-in-o-ski-as/-ko-fºe). Scopy. Retinula (ret-in/-u-la/) [dim, of retina, retina; pl., A'etinulae). In biology, an aggregation of retinal cells ; that portion of the whole retina of the com- pound eye which belongs to each of the single eyes, as in the lateral eyes of Scorpions and Zimulus, and the eyes of Akſyriapoda. Retinular (ret-in/-u-lar) [retinula, a little retina]. In biology, of or pertaining to a re/imula, Q. v. Retinulate (ret-in/-at-lat) [retinula, a little retina]. In biology, aggregated into relimulae. See A’etino- Retiped (re/-tip-ed) [rete, a net; pes, foot]. Having netted tarsi; said of certain birds. Retort (re-tort/) [reforquere, to bend back]. A vessel employed in distillation, containing the liquid to be distilled. Retract (re-tražt/) [re, back; trahere, to draw]. To draw back; to contract; to shorten. Retractile (re-traž/-fi/) [retrahere, to draw back]. That which may be drawn back. R. Carcinoma, mammary carcinoma with retraction of the nipple. Retractility (re-trak-fi/-it-e) [retrahere, to draw back]. I. Capable of retraction. 2. Of Pajot, a property of the uterine tissue by virtue of which the uterus, having been emptied of a part of its contents, becomes thicker- walled, while its capacity and volume diminish. Retraction (re-trak'-shun) [retractio, a drawing back]. The shortening of a fractured limb from the broken ends slipping past one another. R., Cicatricial, that due to cicatrices. See Cicatricial Contrac/ion. R., Muscular, post-paralytic atrophy of a muscle. R. of the Uterus, a chronic contraction of the uterus by which it applies itself closely to its contents without any change of contraction and relaxation. R.-ring. See Band!, King of R., Spasmodic, irregular con- traction of the uterus. Retractor (re-traž/-for) [retrahere, to draw back]. I. An instrument for withdrawing the lips or edges of a wound, or for pulling the soft parts away from the place of incision in amputations. 2. A muscle that retracts the organ into which it is inserted. R. an- guli oris. See Buccinator Muscle, in Muscles, Zable of R. bulbi, the retractor muscle of the eyeball present in some animals. R. Emmet's Perineal, a self-retain- ing vaginal speculum. R., Eyelid, a metallic instru- ment used to hold the eyelids away from the eyeball during an examination or operation. R., Minor’s Trachea, an instrument used as a substitute for trache- otomy. tubes, consisting in a hollow rod, slightly curved, and holding a bent wire retraetor by means of a screw at each end. R. oculi. See R. &ulöf. R., Pilcher's, a small pair of blunt hooks on a single delicate stem. An instrument used in tracheotomy. R. urethrae or urethralis. See Bulbo-cavernous. R. uteri: (1) the recto-uterini of both sides considered as one; (2) of Zusch/a, a uterine fold. R., Rose’s, an instru- ment used to hold open a tracheotomy-wound; it con- sists in a piece of steel wire bent to form a pair of spring hooks. R., Wells's, two wires bent into hooks and tied in place about the neck by bands. It is advised for the purpose of keeping the wound open after tracheotomy. Retrad (re/-trad) [retro, backward]. the rear or posterior part. Retrahens (re/-trah-henz) [retrahere, to draw back]. Drawing back. R. Muscle. See Muscles, 7able of. Retrahent (re/-trah-hent) [retrahens, drawing back]. IDrawing backward ; retracting. In or toward RETRAL Retral (re/-tral) [retro, backward]. Situated toward the back; posterior, caudal. Retrenchment (re-trench/-ment) [Fr., retrenchement J. A plastic operation the object of which is to obtain cica- tricial contraction by the removal of superfluous tissue. Retriment (ret' - ri-ment) [retrimentum, refuse]. Dregs; refuse, or marc. Retro- (re/-fro-) [retro, back]. A prefix meaning back- ward or behind ; usually relating to place or position. Retroaction (re-tro-a/-shum) [retro, backward; agere, to do]. Reverse action. s Retroanterograde (re-tro-an/-er-o-grád) [retro, back- ward; anterius, before; gredi, to goj. Reversing the order of succession. R. Amnesia, a perversion of the memory in which recent events are referred to a far-off and past time, while the occurrences of the remote past Seem recent. Retrobuccal (re-tro-buk/-al) [retro, back; bucca, the mouth]. Pertaining to the back part of the mouth, or of the cheek. * Retrobulbar (re-tro-bul/-bar) [retro, back; bulb]. bulbles, Situated or occurring behind the eyeball. R. Neuritis, inflammation in the orbital part of the optic nerve. R. Perineuritis, inflammation of the sheath of the orbital part of the optic nerve. Retrocedent (re-tro-se/-dent) [retro, back; cedere, to go]. Pertaining to a retrograde condition or action of disease; going back ; disappearing from the surface, as an eruption. R. Gout. See Gout. Retroceps (re’-tro-seps) [Fr.]. A variety of obstetric forceps used to grasp the fetal head from behind. Retrocervical (re-tro-ser/-vić-2) [retro, behind; cervix, the neck]. Situated behind the cervix uteri. Retrocession (re-tro - sesh/-un) [retrocessio]. Disap- pearance from the surface, as of an exanthem. R. of Labor, of Charrier, a rare condition in which, after labor has begun, but before the membranes are rup- tured, the uterine contractions cease, and the cervix, formerly a small ring, becomes a canal again. Retroclavicularis (re-tro-Ala-vić-u-la/-ris) [retro, be- hind; clavicula, the clavicle]. See Sterno-clavicu- laris posticus. Retroclusion (re-tro-klu'-2/un) [retro, back; claudere, to shut]. A form of acupressure, in which the pin is passed first above the artery, twisted a half circle and then driven below the artery into the tissues upon the side first entered. Retrocollic (re-fro-ko/-ić) [retro, back; collis, the nape of the neck]. Pertaining to the muscles at the back of the neck. R. Spasm, that form of wry-neck in- volving the retrocollic muscles. Spasmodic torticollis. Retrocopulant (re-tro-Kop/-u-/ant) [retro, back; copie- Mans, copulating]. Copulating backward or from behind. Retrocopulation (re-tro-Kop-u-la/-shun) [retro, back- ward; copulare, to copulate]. The act of copulating from behind or aversely. Retrodeviation (re - fro-de-ze - aſ-shun) [retro, back; deviatio, a wandering]. Any backward displacement; a retroflexion or retroversion. Retrodisplacement (re-tro-dis-plas/-ment)[retro, back; OF., desplacer, to put out of place]. Displacement backward of a part or organ. Retro-esophageal (re-tro -e- so-faj'-e-a/) [retro, be- hind; otooſhāyog, esophagus]. Located behind the esophagus. Retroflected (re-tro-ſlek/-ed). Same as Retroflexed. Retroflection (re-tro-ſle/-shun). See Retroflexion. Retroflex (re/-tro-ſleás) [retro, back; ſectere, to turn]. Turning back abruptly. Retroflexed (re-tro-ſiekst’) [retro, back; ſecrere, bend]. Bert backward. 1261 RETROPHARYNGITIS Retroflexion (re-tro-ſle/-shun) [retro, back ; ſectere, to bend]. Any abrupt displacement, bending or changing of normal direction. R. of Uterus. See Oferees. Same as A&efracted. Retrofract (re/-tro-frakt). Same as A&etro- Retrogenerative (re-tro-jen/-er-a-tiv). copulant. Retrognathous (re-trog/-na-thus) [retro, yváffog, jaw]. Retracted jaw. Retrograde (re/-tro-grad, or ret/-ro-grad) [retro, back- ward; gradus, a step]. Receding, or going backward: R. Carcinoma, a carcinoma which grows firmer and less in size and remains so. R. Metamorphosis, katabolic change. & Retrograde (re/-tro-grad, or reſ/-ro-grad) [retrogradi, go backward]. In biology, (I) showing degeneration from a more complex structure or higher function to a lower one. 2. Descriptive of animals that walk or swim backward. Retrography (re/-tro-grafe) [retro, back; Ypáðelv, to write]. Writing backward; a symptom of certain nervous diseases. Retrogressive (re-tro-gres/-īv) [retrogressus]. Declin- ing in strength ; degenerating. In biology, degenera- tion, backward metamorphosis, as the transformation of bracts into foliage leaves, stamens into petals, sepals into bracts, etc. - Retro-insular (re-tro-in/-su-lar) [retro, behind ; insu- ſa, island]. Situated or occurring behind the in- sula, or island of Reil. R. Convolutions, two or three convolutions behind the insula and wholly within the fissure of Sylvius. Retrojection (re-tro-jež/-shun) [retro, back; ſectio, a throwing]. The washing out of a cavity from within outward. Retro-lingual (re-tro-lin/-gwal) [retro, back; lingua, tongue]. Relating to that part of the throat back of the tongue. Serving to retract the tongue. Retro-location (re-tro-ſo-Ka/-shun) [retro, back; loca- fio, location]. Same as Retro-position, Q. v. Retro-malleolar (re - tro-ma/-e'-o'-lar) [retro, back; malleolus, malleolus]. Located back of a malleolus. Retromammary (re-tro - mam/-ar-e) [retro, behind ; mamma, breast]. Situated or occurring behind a mammary gland. Retro-maxillary (re-tro - maks/- iſ - a - re) [retro, back; maxilla, maxilla]. Situated behind the maxilla. Retromorphosis (re-tro-mor/-fo-sis) [retro, back; tıopºff, form]. Katabolism; retrograde metamorphosis; kata- bolic change. Retro-nasal (re-tro - na/- 3a/) [retro, behind ; masus, nose]. Situated back of the nose or nasal cavities. Retro-ocular (re-tro-o/-u-lar) [retro, behind; oculus, the eye). Situated behind the eyeball. Same as A’etroëzz/bar. Retroperitoneal (re-fro-per-it-on-e'-a') [retro, behind; Teptrovalov, peritoneum]. Occurring or situated be- hind the peritoneum. R. Hernia, hernia of the in- testine into the iliac fossa back of the peritoneum. Retroperitoneum (re-fro-fer-it-on-e/-um)[refro, behind ; Teptrovalov, peritoneum]. The retro-peritoneal space. Retroperitonitis (re-tro-per-it-on-º’-ſis) [retro, behind; Teptrovalov, peritoneum ; (Trg, inflammation]. In- flammation of the retroperitoneal structures. Retropharyngeal (re-tro-far-in/-je-a/) [retro, behind ; Øapvyš, the pharynx]. Situated or occurring behind the pharynx. Pertaining to parts situated behind the pharynx. R. Abscess, abscess occurring in the tissues back of the pharynx, Retropharyngitis (re - fro-far- in -ji’-ſis) [retro, be- hind; pápvyš, pharynx; trig, inflammation]. In- flammation of the retropharyngeal tissues. backward; RETROPOSED Retroposed (re' - tro-pâzd) [retro, back; pomere, to place]. Displaced backward. Retro-position (re-tro-po-zish/-um) [retro, back; positio, position]. Backward displacement of the uterus with- out flexion or version. Retropulsion (re - fro-pul/- shun) [retro, back; pulsio, beating]. I. A driving or turning back, as of the fetal head. 2. A running backward ; a disorder of locomo- tion sometimes witnessed in paralysis agitans. Retrorse (re-rors') [retro, backward; vertere, turn]. In biology, turned backward. Retroserrate (re-tro-ser/-ät) [retro, back; serratus, saw- shaped]. In biology, furnished with serrations which are turned backward, as the sting of a bee. Retroserrulate (re-tro-ser/-u-lat) [retro, back; serru/a, a little Saw]. Furnished with diminutive retrorse teeth. Retrosiphonate (re-tro-si/-fun-āt), [retro, back; Gipov, siphon]. In biology, having the siphon and surround- ing partitions directed backward. Retrostalsis (re-tro-sta/-sis) [retro, backward; oráà- org, compression]. Reversed peristaltic action; peri- staltic action that tends to drive the intestinal contents cephalad instead of caudad. Retrosternal (re-tro-ster/-ma/) [retro, back ; otépyov, sternum.J. Situated or occurring behind the sternum. Retrotarsal (re-tro- tar/-sa/) [retro, back; tāpoog, tarsus]. Situated or occurring behind the tarsus. R. Fold, the fornix of the conjunctiva. Retrotracheal (re-tro-ºra/-äe-a/) [retro, behind; Tpa- reia, trachea). Situated or occurring behind the trachea. Retro-uterine (re-tro-me/-ter-in) [retro, behind; uterus, uterus]. Behind the uterus. R. Hematocele, a blood-tumor behind the uterus in the pouch of Douglas. Retrovaccination (re-tro-vak-sin-a/-shum)[retro, back; vaccinus, of a cow]. Vaccination with virus from a cow that had been inoculated with the virus of small- pox from a human subject. Retrovaccine (re-tro-va/-sin) [retro, back; vaccinus, of a cow]. The virus obtained after inoculating a cow with human virus. Retroversion (re-fro-zen’-s/aen) [regro ; versio, a turn- ing]. A turning back; applied especially to such organs as the bladder, the womb, etc. R. of Uterus. See (Zerzas. Retti (re/-ä) [Hind., ratti]. ca/orius. See /equirity. Retuse (re-ſizs/) [refusus, blunted, dull]. In biology, applied to a leaf or other flattened organ that has a broad, shallow sinus at the apex. Retzius, Brown Lines of. Fine parallel lines in the enamel of a tooth. R., Cavity of. See Cavity, Pre- peritonea/. R., Ligament of. See Ligament. R., Space of. Same as R., Cavity of R., Stripes of. See Stripe. R., Veins of, small veins uniting the radicles of the portal branches in the intestines and mesentery with the inferior vena cava and its branches. They include all the retroperitoneal veins and are often enormously enlarged in hepatic cirrhosis. Reunion (re-in/-yun) [re, again; unio, to become one]. The joining of parts whose continuity has been destroyed. R. of Wound. See Healing. Reuss's Test. See Tests, 7able of. Revaccination (re-važ-sin-a/-shun)[revaccinatio]. Re- newed or repeated vaccination. Revalenta (rev-a/-em/-/a/.) [transposed from Ervum /ens]. A commercial and proprietary food-prepara- tion for invalids, said to be composed principally of lentil meal. Revealed (re-ve/d”) [re, back; velare, to veil]. ology, not concealed under other parts. The seed of Aðrus pre- In bi- 1262 RHABDITE Réveilleur (ra-velyur") [Fr.]. The instrument used in Baunscheidtism. Revellent (re-ve/-ent). See Revulsive. Reverdin's Operations. See Operations, Zable of Reverie (rev/-er-e) [Fr., réverie]. A state of dreamy abstraction ; visionary mental or ideational movement, the mind itself, at least so far as volition is concerned, being passive. Reverse (re-vers') [revertere, to turn back]. In band- aging, a half-turn employed to change the direction of a bandage. - - Reversion (re-ver/-shum) [revertere, to turn back]. In biology : I. The appearance of characteristics which existed in remote ancestors; thus many endoparasites (Cestoda, Acanthocephala, Rhizocephala) show rever- sion to a very low type of digestion, while the Ascidi- ans are held by Dohrn, Lankester, and others to be degenerate Vertebrata. The loss of eyes by the Cirri- pedia, the Penellina, and the Zernacodea, when these animals become fixed, as well as by various cave-ani- mals, may be included as examples of reversion. 2. The backward development of plant-organs, as stamens into petals, etc. 3. Becoming wild after having been domesticated or cultivated. Revert (re-ver/). See Latent. Revitalization (re-vi-ſa/-ī-za/-shum) [re, again; vita, life]. The act or process of refreshing or revitalizing. Revive (re - viv') [re, again; wivere, to live.] To return to life after seeming death. Revivement (re-viz'-ment) [revivere, to live again]. The act of reviving. Revivification (re-viv-iſ-ik-a/-shun) [revivificatio). I. Restoration to consciousness. 2. The refreshing of surfaces by paring before placing them in apposition. Reviviscence (re-viv-is/-ems) [reviviscere, inceptive of revivere, to revive]. The awakening from a period of dormancy; said of insects after hibernation. Revolute (rev’-o-liit) [re, back; volvere, to roll]. That form of vernation or estivation in which the margins of the organ are rolled backward. Revolver (re-vo/-ver). See AVose-piece. Revomit (re-wom/-ić) [re, again; womere, to vomit]. To reject from the stomach. Revulsant (re-vu/-samt) [revellere, to push away]. I. Revulsive. 2. A medicine or agent that, by irritation, draws the blood from a distant part of the body. Revulsion (re-vu/-shum) [revulsio]. The reduction of morbid action in any part by means of counter- irritation. Revulsive (re-z/u/-siv) [revellere, to turn away]. Cap- able of causing revulsion ; applied to therapeutic agencies designed to withdraw the blood from or counteract the tendencies toward a morbid focus or process. Revulsor (re-vu/-sor) [revellere, to turn away]. I. An apparatus for effecting revulsion by means of the alter- mate application of heat and cold. 2. A plate or cyl- inder set with needles, and used in producing counter- irritation. Reybard's Suture. An interrupted loop-suture for wounds of the intestine. See Suture. Rhabarbarin (ra-bar/-bar-in) [rhabarðarum, barbarian rhubarb]. Same as Chrysophanic Acid, g. v. Rhabarbarum (ra-Āar/-bar-um) [7%abarbarum, barba- rian rhubarbj. Rhubarb. r Rhabdia (rab/-de-ah) [há3óoc, a rod]. In biology, the great rods lying beneath the crystalline cones of the insect’s eye. Rhabdite (rab/-dit) [64360c, a rod]. In biology, (a) one of the spindle-shaped glandular secretions occur- ring in the skin of certain invertebrates. They are specially characteristic of the 7urbellaria; (5) one of RHABDITIC the paired appendages of the abdominal sternites form- ing the ovipositor of certain insects. Rhabditic (rab-diº/-ié) [há860¢, a rod]. a rhabdite. Rhabditis (rab-di/-tis) [há;3óoç, a rod]. A genus of nematode worms. Abundant especially in decaying organic matter, garden earth, etc. Several species are parasitic in snails, a few in man. See A. niel/yi, A'. pellio and R. terricola, under Parasites (Anima/), Table of Rhabdium (rab/-de-um) [dim. of 64360ſ, rod : p!., Rhabdia]. A fiber of striped or voluntary muscle. Rhabdocelous (rab-do-seſ-lus) [643óog, a rod; Koizoc, hollow]. Having a straight digestive cavity. Rhabdoid (rab/-doid) [bafföoç, a rod; eiðog, form]. In biology, an acicular or spindle-shaped body chemically related to the plastids, which is found lying diagonally across the stalk-cells of the tentacles of Drosera and in the mesophyl-cells of Dionea, and tends to grow spherical when the part is irritated. Its importance is not fully known. Rhabdoidal (rab-doi/-da/) [6agóoetóñc, like a rod]. Rod-like. Rhabdomal (rab/-do-mal) [64;36&ga, a bundle of rods]. Having the character of a rhabdom. Rhabdome (rab/-dām) [bá;3óoua, a bundle of rods]. In biology, a tubular rod forming the central axis of the retinula of the arthropod eye. Rhabdomere (rab/-do - mer) [haffāoç, a rod; uépoc, a part]. In biology, a rod found in the distal portion of each of the retinular cells of the arthropod eye. Rhabdomyoma (rab-do-mi-o'-mah) [bá3ôog, a rod ; pig, a muscle; āua, a tumor : pl., Ahabdomyomatal. A rare form of myoma characterized by the presence of striated muscular fiber. Pertaining to Rhabdonema (rab-do-me/-mah) [bá300g, a rod; viſua, a thread]. A genus of parasitic Anguillulidae. See under Parasites (Animal), Table of Rhabdonemiasis (rab-do-ne-mi/-as-is) [Rhabdomema, a genus of parasitic nematode worms; hé960ſ, a rod; vijua, a thread]. The disease arising from the pres- ence of parasites of the genus Ahabdonema. See Parasites (Animal), Table of. Rhabdosphere (rab/-do-sfer) [66,360¢, a rod; opaipa, a sphere]. A minute spheric body bristling with rhab- dolithic rods. Rhabdous (rab/-dus) [Šá3óoç, a rod]. character of a rhabdus. Rhabdus (rab/-dus) [há6óog, a rod]. In biology, (a) a simple, straight spicule; (b) the stipe of certain fungi. Rhachi. See also Rachi. Rhachiagra (rak-e-aſ-grah) [66xiç, a spine; &ypa, pain]. . Rheumatism in the muscles of the spine. Rhachial (ra/-ke-al) [báxic, spine]. Pertaining to the spine. Rhachialgia (ra-ke-a/-je-ah) [664tc, spine; 32 yog, a pain]. Any pain in the spine. Spinal irritation. R. mesenterica. Same as Zabes mesenterica, Q. v. R. pictonum. See Metallic Colic. Rhachialgitis (rak-e-al-ji/-tis) [5áxic, spine; āAyoc, pain; utic, inflammation]. Inflammatory rhachialgia. Rhachiasmus (ra-ke-az/-mus) [háxic, spine]. Spasm of the muscles at the back of the neck, as seen in the early part of many epileptic attacks. Rhachidial (ra-Aid/-e-al) [56%ic, spine]. to a rhachis, or spine. Rhachidian (ra-Aid/-e-an). Same as Rhachidial. Rhachilysis (ra-ki/-is-is) [šéxic, spine; Abeiv, to loose]. A method of treating lateral curvature of the spine by mechanical counteraction of the 'abnormal curves. Rhachio- or Rachio- (ra/-ke-o-) [báxic, spine]. A Having the Pertaining 1263 RHAEBOSCELIA prefix denoting connection with . or relation to the SD11162. Rºhiocampsis (ra - AEe-o- 4amp/- sis) [háxug, spine ; kápalpig, a bending]. Curvature of the spine. Rhachiochysis (ra-ke-o-Ai/-sis) [66%ag, spine ; Yūowg, a pouring]. An accumulation of water or watery substance within the spinal canal. Rhachiodynia (ra-ke-o-dim/-e-ah) [šéxug, spine; 360 vſ), pain]. Pain in the spinal cord. Rhachiokyphosis (ra - Áe - o - Ai-fo/-sis) [5áxug, spine; küpoolç, a bending]. Gibbosity, or hunch of the back. Rhachiometer (ra-ke-om/-et-er) [háxug, spine; uérpov, a measure). An instrument used to measure the de- gree of spinal deformities. Rhachiomyelitis (ra-Ée-o-mi-el-i/-tis) [háxic, spine; plve?&c, marrow; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the spinal cord. Myelitis. Rhachiomyelophthisis (ra - Ae-o-mi-el-off’-this-is) [háxic, spine; ºve?.6c, marrow ; pºtatº, a wasting]. See Zabes dorsalis. Rhachiomyelos (ra-ke-à-mi/-el-os) [64xtſ, spine; ave- Żóg, marrow]. See Spinal Cord. Rhachio-paralysis (ra-ke-o-par-a/-is-is) [64xic, spine; Tapážvolç, paralysis]. Spinal paralysis. Rhachiophyma (ra-ke-o://-mah) [háxic, spine; pipia, a growth.J. A spinal tumor. Rhachioplegia (ra-ke-o-ple/je-ah) [báxic, spine; Tâmyń, stroke]. Spinal paralysis. Rhachiorrheuma (ra - Áe - or- ru/- mah) [64xug, spine; beijua, a flowing]. Spinal rheumatism. Rhachioscolioma (ra-ke-o-séo-le-o’-ma/t) [6624, spine; a Kožíoua, a curve]. Lateral distortion and curvature of the spine. Rhachioscoliosis (ra-ke-o-sko-le-o/-sis) [hdrag, spine; akożuág, okožíoatſ, a curving]. The condition and progress of curvature of the spine. Rhachiostrophosis (ra-ke-o-stro-fo/-sis) [báxic, spine; otpoſpoc, twisted]. Curvature of the spine. Rhachiotome (ra/-äe-o-tam) [5drug, spine; touác, cut- ting]. A cutting instrument used in rhachiotomy. Rhachiotomy (ra-ke-of/-o-me) [házug, spine; Touff, a cutting]. An incision into or dissection of the spine. Rhachipagus (ra-Āip/-a-gzes) [fidrug, spine ; Tāyog, anything fixed]. A double fetal monstrosity in which the twins are joined back to back by any portion of fhe spinal column. Rhachis (ra/-Ais) [báxic]. The spinal column. In biology, (a) the main petiole of a compound leaf; (b) the axis of inflorescence; (c) the shaft of a feather; (d) the arched middle area of the dorsal surface of a trilobite. Rhachischisis (ra-Āis/-äis-is) [báxic, spine; ariſelv, to cleave]. A cleft in the vertebral column. Same as Spina bifida. Rhachitae (ra-ki’-(e) [bariraj. The muscles attached to the vertebral column. - Rhachitic (ra-kit/-ić). See Rachitic. Rhachitis. See A’ac/hi/is. Rhachitome (ra’-kit-öm). Same as Rhachiotome, g. v. Rhachus (ra/-kus) [báxoçj. A ragged wound. Rhacoma (ra-ko’-mah) [bákoç, a ragj. Excoriation, rent, or chapping. Also a pendulous, relaxed condi- tion of the scrotum. Rhacosis (ra-ko/-sis) [bákoç, a rag]. one affected with rhacoma. Rhacous (ra/-äus) [bákoç, a rag]. ated. Rhaebocrania or Rhebocrania (re-bo-Ara/-ne-ah). [hat{3óc, crooked; Kpavíov, the skull]. The condition of wry-neck. Rhaeboscelia, Rhaebosis (re-bo-se/-le-ah, re-bo/-sis) [halgóg, crooked; oré20ç, leg]. Crooked-legged. The condition of Wrinkled. Lacer- RHAESTOCYTHEMIA Rhaestocythemia (res-to-si-the-me-ah). See Rhestocy- themzia. Rhagades (rag/-ad-22) [hayág : £/ of Æ/agas]. Atha- gadia, linear cracks or fissures in the skin, whether due to injury or disease. They are most frequently seen on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet, at the angles of the mouth, the anus, and the flexures. They are painful on movement. Rhagadia (rag-a/-de-ah). See Ahagades. Rhagadiolus (rag-ad-i/-o-lus) [bayáç, a crack]. A genus of the Cichoriaceae. R. etulis, a variety found in southern Europe and which possesses aperient and diuretic properties. R. hedypnois, a variety supposed to possess aperient properties, Rhagas (ra/-gas) [bayág, a rent: £/., Rhagades]. Singular of Æhagades (seldom used in the singular). Rhagite (rag'-it) [hayag, a crack]. A hydrous arseniate of bismuth occurring in yellow or yellowish-green crystals. - Rhagon (rag/-on) [báš, a grape]. In biology, a type of sponge-structure characterized by the grape-like ar- rangement of the spheric chambers. Also called AXyssycats. Cf. Ascon, Zeucon, Sycom. Rhagonate (rag/-o-nāt) [663, a grape]. character of a rhagon; rhagose. Rhagose (rag/-62) [báš, a grape]. ranged like a bunch of grapes. Rhamma (ram/-ah) [báppia]. Having the Racemose ; ar- Suture, g. v. Rhamnegin (ram/-me-jin) [bápivogl, C19H10O3. A glu- cosid derived from buckthorn-berries. Rhamnetin (ram-ne/-tin). See Ahammin. Rhamnin (ram/-nin) [baptwog, the buckthorn]. A yel- low, neutral, crystalline substance found in buckthorn. It contains rhammetime, a valuable yellow coloring- matter. Rhamnite (ram/-nit) [báuvoc, the buckthorn), C6H13Os, Pentaoxyhexane. Its aldehyd is rhamnose. Rhamnocathartin (ram/-no-Aath-art/-än)[báplvoc, buck- thorn; kaffaptucóg, purging]. A yellow, amorphous, translucent substance; a bitter principle contained in the berries of Khamnus cat/artica. Rhamnose (ram/-nóz) [háuvoc, the buckthorn), CºHa2- Os. Aodu/cite or me?/p/arabinose, one of the glucoses. It results upon decomposing different glucosids (quer- citrin, xanthorhamnin, lesperidin) with dilute H2SO4. It forms large, vitreous crystals containing one molecule of water, and melting at 93° C. It reduces alkaline copper solutions, but is not fermented by yeast. See Carbohydrates, 7 ab/e of Rhamnotannic Acid, Rhamnotannin (ram-no-tan/- 7%, ramp-mo-tan/-in) [hápavog, buckthorn ; tannin, tan- nin]. An astringent, amorphous, neutral, greenish- yellow mass, probably an impure coloring-matter derived from some variety of Khamnus. Rhamnoxanthin (ram-no-zan/-thin) [háuvoº, buck- thorn; Savóóc, yellow]. See Frangulin, Rhamnus (ram/-mus) [háplvoç, buckthorn). One of a genus of polypetalous shrubs and trees. R. alaternus, a plant indigenous to northern Africa and the south of Europe, of which the leaves are astringent, and the fruits bitter and purgative. R. alpinus, Alpine buck- thorn. The fruits and bark are purgative. R. baccae, the berries of R. cat/articus. R. californica, Cali- fornia buckthorn, the bark of which has strong purga- tive properties. R. carolinianus, a shrub or small tree with purple berries, found in the southern United States. R. cathartica, or catharticus, common &zeck- thorn; purging thorn ; harts - thorn, rain - berry : thornway; thorn ; a shrub indigenous to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa; it is cultivated in the United States. The berries are actively purgative. They are usually given in a syrupy vehicle to counteract their irri- 1264 Rhea (re/-ah). RHEGMATOUS tant effect. R. catharticae fructus, the berries of R. cathartica. R. crocea, California mountain holly; an extract of the bark is used in medicine as a mild laxative and tonic. R. ellipticus, a species used in medicine as an antisyphilitic. R. frangula, dogwood ; alder (United States and Br. Ph.). The bark only is official and occurs in thin quills, grayish-brown ex- ternally, and rough ; internally, Smooth and yellowish in color. It is a laxative, but too irritant to prove of much value in medicine. The berries have been used as a cathartic. R. frangulae, Extractum, an aqueous or alcoholic extract of the bark of A'. frangula. R. lineatus, a species indigenous to China. The root is used in medicine and has diuretic properties. R. lycioides, a Spanish variety. A de- coction of the berries is used as an external applica- tion in rheumatic joint-enlargements. R. pumilus, dwarf buckthorn ; a variety having mild purgative properties, the fruit and bark being used. R. purshi- ana, or purshianus, California buckthorn ; a small tree which grows in California. The bitter bark consti- tutes cascara Sagrada—official in the Br. Ph. as A&hamn? purs/hiazzi cortex. It contains three resins; tannic, malic, and oxalic acids; a neutral, crystallizable prin- ciple, and an essential oil. It is used as a laxative, and is especially valuable in that it exerts a pro- tracted influence upon the gastro-intestinal tract. R. sanguinea, or sanguineus, used in the treatment of itch; a Spanish variety. R. saxatilis, rock buck- thorn; the berries and a portion of the bark are said to be purgative. Rhamni, Succus, the expressed juice of the fruit of A. catharticus, R. virgatus, a variety found in Hindostan. The fruit is used as a purgative. R. wightii, an Asiatic variety. The bark is akin in its action to cascara sagrada. See Auckthornt, Cas- cara Sagrada. Rhamphoid (ram/-foid) [háupoç, a curved beak; eiðoç, like]. Beak-shaped. Rhamphos (ram/-fos) [bapdog, a beak]. A rostrum. Rhamphotheca (ram-ſo-the-kah) [baptºpog, a curved beak; 6%km, a sheath]. In biology, the entire horny integument of the beak of a bird. Cf. dertrotheca, gna/ho//eca, 7%inotheca. Rhanter (rant/-er) [havráp, sprinkle]. canthus, J. J. Rhaphagra (raf-a/-gra/) [haºſ, a seam ; Śypa, a seiz- ure]. I’ain in the cranial sutures. Rhaphanedon (raf-an/-ed-on) [hapavyóów]. verse fracture. Rhaphania (raf-a/-ne-ah) [hápavog, the radish]. Pois- oning by the black radish, strawberries, or ergot. R. marsitica, pellagra, so named because it was thought to be due to using maize as a food. Rhaphe (ra/-ſe). See A'ap/e. Rhaphides (ra/-ſid’é2). See Waſhis. - Rhaphiostixis (ra-ſe-o-stićs/-īs) [hagic, a needle; orišić, a piercing]. Same as Acupuncture, g. v. Rhaphis (ra/-ſis). See Aaphis, Rhaphosymphysis (ra-ſo-sime/sſs-às) [haº, a seam ; of aq.voaç, a symphysis]. Ossification of a suture. Rhapontic (ra-pom/-tié) [rhaponticiſm). Rhubarb. Rhatany (rat/-am-e). See Arameria. Synonym of Ramie fiber, q, w, * Rheadin (re/-ad-in). An insoluble crystalline alkaloid of opium. - Rhegma (reg’-mah) [bijyua : //, Rhegmata]. A rent, rupture, or puncture of the walls of a vessel or of the containing membrane of a tissue, as, for example, the The inner A trans- coats of the eye, the walls of the peritoneum. Also, the bursting of an abscess. Rhegmatous (reg/-mat-us) [bmy/ua, a rent]. In a rent or ruptured condition. RHEIC ACID Rheic Acid (re’-i})[bijov, rhubarb], Cao HigOp. An amor- phous red powder. Synonym of Chrysophanic Acid. Rhein (re/-īn) [670V, rhubarb]. I. The precipitate from a tinéture of Rheum palmatum; it is cathartic, tonic, cholagogue, and antiseptic. Dose I to 4 grains. Unof. 2. Same as Chrysarobin. IRheinic Acid (re-in/-i/). See Acid, Chrysophanic. Rhembasmus (rem-baz'-mus) [héuffetv, to wander]. Mental distraction, or wandering. Rhenchos (ren/-kos) [héyketv, to snore]. Snoring. Rheocord (re/-o-Åord) [beiv, flow ; 2 opóñ, a cord]. An instrument serving to graduate the strength of the gal- vanic current. See Rheostat. Rheometer (re-om/-et-er) [6éog, current; plátpov, a measure]. A device for ascertaining the electromotive force or voltage of a given current. A galvanometer. Also, an instrument for measuring the amount of fluid (e.g., blood) passing through a canal or vessel. See Stromeuhr. Rheometric (re-o-met/-rić) [6%0ç, current; plárpov, measure]. Pertaining to the rheometer. Rheometry (re-om/-et-re) [béog, current; uétpov, meas- ure]. The measurement of electric currents; gal- vanometry. Rheomotor(re-o-mo/-tor)[beiv, to flow; motor, amover]. An apparatus used to generate an electric current. Rheonone (re/-o-nón) [šéoç, a current]. An instru- ment constructed by von Fleischl to measure the exact effect of nerve-irritation. Synonym of Rheophore (re/-o-for) [héog, current; ºpetu, to carry]. Any conducting substance leading from the poles of a galvanic battery, coil, or dynamo. Practically the terminals or electrodes which the patient receiving the current grasps in his hands, or which are applied to his body. Rheoscope (re/-o-sköp) [šéog, current; okoteiv, to ex- amine]. An instrument for demonstrating the exist- ence of an electric current. R., Physiologic, or Rheoscopic Limb, a moist conductor placed upon a sensitive nerve-muscle preparation. Rheoscopic (re-o-skop/-i}) [bijog, current; oroſſeiv, to view]. Pertaining to the rheoscope. Rheostat (re/-o-stat) [šéog, current; ioTával, to stand]. An instrument for the measurement or comparison of the resistance of an electric current. When a battery- current of absolute uniformity of electromotive force is required, a rheostat is usually introduced within the circuit in order to effect such uniformity. R., Water, a rheostat the resistance of which is obtained by means of a mass of water of fixed dimensions. Rheostatic (re-o-stat/-ié) [šéoç, current; iotăval, to stand]. Pertaining to the rheostat. Rheostatics (re-o-stat'-iks) [šéoç, current; to Távat, to stand]. The statics of fluids. Rheotannic Acid (re-o-tan/-ić) [bijov, rhubarb; tannin, tannin], Cosłł, Olſ. A reddish or yellowish-brown powder obtained from rhubarb. Rheotome (reſ-o-tom) [šéoç, current; Téuvetv, to cut]. An instrument for breaking and making the Faradic Current. Rheotrope (re/-o-tróp) [beiv, to flow ; Tpéretv, to turn]. A device for periodically reversing the direction of an electric current. Rheotropism (re-of/-ro-pizm) [beiv, to flow ; Tpéretv, to turn]. In biology, Jönsson’s term applied to the effect produced by a current of water upon the direction of plant-growth. The phenomenon is called positive rheotropism when the plant grows with the current; negative rheotropism when the plant grows against it. Rhestocythemia, or Rhaestocythaemia (res-to-si-theº- me-ah) [bataróg, destroyed; kūtoc, cell; alua, blood]. 1265 RHEUMATISM A condition related to the presence of the products of degeneration of red blood-corpuscles contained in cells within the liver and spleen and perhaps other Organs. Rhetoranche (ret-or/-ang-ke) [6%Topa, a public speaker; dyketv, to press tight]. Synonym of Pharyngiºs, Aro//zczz/ar. Rheum (re/-um) [bijov, rhubarb]. Rhubarb. The root of R. officinale, the Chinese variety being commonly used. It contains several active extractives, and is a popular tonic astringent, and in large doses purgative. R., Ext. Dose gr. x–xv. R., Ext., Fld. Dose 3 ss-ij. R., Infus. (B. P.). Dose 3 j-ij. R., Pil., each containing rhubarb gr. iij, soap gr. j. Dose j-iij. R., Pil., Comp., each contains rhubarb gr. iſ, aloes gr. jss, myrrh gr. j, oil of peppermint gr. T's. Dose ij—iv. R., Pulv., Comp., rhubarb 25, magnesia 65, ginger Io. Dose gj. R. et sodae., Mist., sod. bicarb. 3.5, fla. ext, rhubarb I.5, fid. ext, ipecac. 3, glycerin 35, spt. peppermint 3.5, water q.S. ad. IOOO parts. Dose gij–3 ii. R., Syr., fld, ext, of rhubarb roo, spt. cin- namon 4, potassium carbonate Io, glycerin 5o, water 50, syrup q. s. IOOO parts. Dose 3.j-3 SS. R., Syr., Aromat., arom. tinct. of rhubarb I5, syrup 85. Dose 3. j ss. R., Tinct., rhubarb 12, cardamom 2, dil. al- cohol ad Ioo parts. Dose 3.j–3 ss. R., Tinct., Aro- mat., rhubarb 20, cinnamon 4, cloves 4, nutmeg 2, dil. alcohol ad IOO parts. Dose 3 j-iij. R., Tinct., Dulcis, rhubarb 8, licorice 4, anise 4, cardamom I, dil. alcohol ad IOO parts. Dose 3 ss—ij. R., Vinum, rhubarb Io, cal- amus I stronger white wine ad IOO parts. Dose 3.j-3 ss. Rheum (rùm) [beijua, flow]. Any catarrhal discharge, or watery flux ; the fluid of such a discharge. [Old.] R.-salt, a vulgar term for chronic eczema. Rheuma (ru/-mah). Same as Aheum. R. epidemi- cum. Synonym of ſºftuenza. R. ventris. Syn- onym of Dysentery. Rheumarthritis (rām-arth-riſ-fis) [beijua, a flowing; āp6pov, a joint; trug, inflammation]. A synonym of Acute Articular Rheumatism. Rheumarthrosis (ru-mar-thro/-sis) [beiga, flow; ip6- pov, a joint]. Rheumatism of the joints. Rheumatalgia (ru-mat-a/-je-a/ ) [beijua, flux; d2).og, pain]. Rheumatic pain. Rheumatic (rat-ma/-ä) [hevua Tikóc]. Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with, rheumatism. R. An- esthesia, anesthesia associated with rheumatism. R. Apoplexy, the stupor or coma Sometimes present in the course of acute rheumatism. R. Diathesis, the condition of body tending to the development of rheu- matism. R. Fever. Synonym of Æthelematism. R. Gout. Synonym of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatism (rùm/-at-izm) [bevuatuouáçJ. Rheumatic Fever, a disease characterized by severe, fitful, and shifting lancinating pains in the joints, and in the muscles, with fever, and inflammatory swelling of the affected parts. It may be acute or chronic. Acute rheumatism is a self-limited affection lasting, untreated, for about six weeks. It is characterized by elevation of temperature, acid perspiration, and pain, redness and swelling of various large joints, often with effu- sion. Inflammation of the serous membranes, particu- larly of the endocardium, is a common association. There is a great tendency to relapses. The blood contains an excess of fibrin, and is said to contain an excess of lactic acid. To this latter cause, also to cold and to microörganisms, has been ascribed the ori- gin of the affection. Subcutaneous modules form frequently in connection with the fibrous structures, such as tendons, fasciae, etc. The disease is most frequent in young persons under twenty-five years of age and in those who show a strong hereditary 8o RHEUMATISMAL tendency. Chronic rheumatism appears rather in mid- dle and late life than in the young. Stiffness, pain and deformity are the most prominent symptoms. R., Apoplectic, rheumatism complicated with apoplexy due to cerebral congestion. R., Articular. See Athent- malism. R., Blennorrhagic. See A., Gomorrhea/. R., Cerebral, rheumatism associated with well-marked cerebral symptoms. R., Diaphragmatic, rheumatism of the diaphragm. R., Encephalic. Synonym of A'., Cerebra!. R., Epidemic Muscular, muscular rheu- matism occurring in an epidemic form. R., Gonor- rheal, Gomorrhea/ Synovitis, Úreſ/tra/ A'/heumatism : arthritis associated with urethritis. It is probably a metastatic infection and attacks the wrist, ankle, or knee by preference. It is most common in men, and is sometimes attended with endocardial involvement. R., Gouty. Synonym of Æheumatoid Arthritis. R. of the Gullet, a functional condition of the esophagus causing painful deglutition. R. of the Heart, an af- fection of the heart occurring in the course of rheu- matism. Also a synonym of Amgina Żectoris. R., Heberden's, rheumatism of small joints, with the formation of nodosities. R., Hemorrhagic, rheuma- tism with a tendency to hemorrhage. R., Infectious, articular manifestations of a general infection. R., Muscular, that form affecting single muscles or groups of muscles. R., Neuralgic, muscular rheumatism which is truly a neuralgia of the sensory nerves of a muscle. R., Nodular. See Arthritis deſormans. R., Periosteal, a variety of periostitis common in syphilitics. R., Puerperal, a variety of rheumatism supposed to originate from some disorder of the uro- genital tract in pregnant, lying-in or menstruating women, as does gonorrheal rheumatism. R.-root. See Jeffersonia diphylla. R., Scarlatinal, a rheuma- toid affection occurring occasionally in the course of scarlet fever and which may lead to suppurative arthritis. R., Scorbutic, an enlargement of the joints in a person suffering from scurvy. R., Spinal, a mild form of spinal meningitis. R. of the Spine. A synonym of Spondyliſis deformans. R. of the Supe- rior Portion of the Spinal Cord. Synonym of 7e/any. synovial membranes usually leading to large serous effu- sions. R., Syphilitic. Synonym of A., Periostea/. R., Urethral. Synonym of Æ., Gomorrhea/ R. of the Uterus, a true rheumatism of the uterine muscle, but, according to some authorities, a neuralgia of the uterus. R., Venereal. Synonym of Æ., Gomorrheal. R., Vertebro-meningeal. Synonym of R., Spinal. R., Visceral, rheumatism affecting the viscera. Rheumatismal (ru-mat-iz/-ma/). Same as Rheumatic. Rheumatismus (ru-mat-iz/-mus) [L.]. See Rheuma- tism. R. calidus. Synonym of Acute Articular /ē/lett- /a/İsm. R. cervicis. Synonym of Zorčico//is. R. colli. Synonym of Torticollis. R. cordis, rheuma- tism of the heart. R. coxae. Synonym of Coxa/- gia. R. dorsi, rheumatism of the spinal muscles and ligaments. R. febricosus. Synonym of Rheu- onatic Fezer. R. febrilis exanthematicus. Syn- onym of Dengue. R. flatuosus. Synonym of Em- physema. R. lumborum muscularis. Synonym of Zumbago. R. muscularis. Synonym of Muscular Acheumatism. R. nodosus. Synonym of Rheuma- zoid Arthritis. R. odontalgicus. Synonym of Odon- Zalgia. R. pectoris. Synonym of Pleurodynia. Rheumatocolica (rùm/-at-o-ko/-ić-ah) [heiga, a flux ; Kożukóg, pertaining to the colon). Rheumatic colic. Rheumatodynia (rùm-at-o-dim/-e-ah) [beipia, a flux ; bóivm, pain]. . A dull rheumatic pain. Rheumatoid (rùm/-aſ-oid) [heiſta, a flux; eiðog, re- semblance]. Resembling rheumatism. R. Arthritis, 1266 R., Synovial, a rheumatic affection of the RHINENCEPHAL a disease of the joints characterized by chronic inflam- matory and degenerative changes involving the struc- ture of the various articulations and resulting in rigid- ity and deformity. \ Rheumatoidal (ru-mat-oi/-da!). Same as Rheuma- foºd. Rheumatokelis (ru-mat-o-ke/-lis) [beiſſua, a flux; km2ic, a spot]. A term applied by Fuchs to purpura occur- ring in conjunction with rheumatism. Rheumatophthisis (ru-mat-off’-this-is) [heiga, a flux; pfliotç, wasting]. Atrophy the result of rheuma. tism. Rheumato-pneumonia (ru - mat-o-nu - mo/-ne-ah) heiga, a flux ; Tvevuova, pneumonia]. Pneumonia dependent upon rheumatism. Rheumatopyra (ru-mat-o-pi/-ra/.) [heiga, flux; Tip, fire]. Rheumatic fever. Rheumic (ru/- mik) [heiga, flux]. Allied to rheu- matism. A term applied to a diathesis which gives rise to cutaneous eruptions. R. Acid, Cao HigO2, an acid formed by treating rheotannic acid with dilute acids. Rheumin (re- um/- in ). Synonym of Acid, Chryso- phanic. Rheumoparotiditis (ru-mo-par-o-tid-i/-ſis) [beipia, a flux ; Tapotíg, the parotid gland; ttig, inflammation]. Rheumatic parotiditis. Rheumophthalmia (ru-moff-thal/-me-ah) [beina, flux; ôpôažuia, ophthalmia]. Rheumatic ophthalmia. Rheumotylus (ru - mo/- til- us) [beiſua, flux; tºog, a knob]. A callus the result of rheumatism. Rheumy (ru/-me) [heiga, flux]. Affected by or caus- ing rheum. Rheusis (ru/-sis) [beiotç]. A flow. Especially applied to a discharge from the genitals of the female. Rhexis (reks’-is) [bjšic, rupture]. Rupture of any Ol'C a ſl. Riºsis (rik-mo/-sis) [hucwóç, shriveled]. A wrink- ling of the skin, the result of muscular atrophy. Rhigolene (rig/-o-lèn) [hiyog, cold]. A product of petroleum obtained by repeated distillation. It is used as a spray to produce local anesthesia in minor surgical operations, as in the use of the actual cautery. It acts by chilling the part to which it is applied. Unof. Rhigos (ri/-gos) [hūſeiv, to shiver]. A’igor. Rhinacanthus (ri-ma-kan'-thus) [bic, nose; iravöog, a canthus]. The leaves and root of the Asiatic plant, A'. communis, with properties due to rhinocanthin, a substance resembling hydroquinone. It is a local remedy for parasitic skin-diseases. Unof. Rhinaesthesia (ri-mes-the-ze-ah). See Rhinesthesia. Rhinaeus (ri-me/-us) [hic, the nose]. Synonym of Compressor maris. See Muscles, Table of Rhinal (riº-mal) [hic, nose]. Pertaining to the nose. Rhinalgia (ri-na/-je-ah) [hic (gen. §twóg), nose; ãWyoc, pain]. Pain in the nose. Rhinanchone (ri-man/-ko-ne) [hic, the nose; āyxövm, strangulation]. Painful constriction of the nasal pas- Sages. Rhinantralgia (ri-man-tra/-je-ah) [hic, the nose; &vrpov, a cavity; &Wyog, pain]. Pain in the cavities of the nose. Rhinarium (ri-na/-re-um) [hug, nose ; //, Rhinaria]. I. A small nose. 2. In biology, a portion of the front part of the cephalic exoskeleton of certain insects (Neuroptera, Coleoptera). Rhinelcos (ri-me/-kos) [hic, the nose; ÉAlcoc, an ulcer]. A nasal ulcer. Rhinencephal (ri- men’-sef-al). cephalom. Synonym of Same as Rhine?t- RHINENCEPHALIA Rhinencephalia (ri-men-seſ-a/-le-ah) [hic, the nose; êykéjažog, the brain]. A monstrosity with an ex. treme elongation of the nose. Rhinencephalic (ri-men-seſ-a/-ä) [hic, nose; £ykéja- Žog, brain]. I. Pertaining to or of the nature of a rhinencephalus. 2. Pertaining to the rhinencepha- lon. Rhinencephalon (ri-men-sef’-a/-on) [hig, nose; £ykéga- Wog, brain]. The olfactory lobe or segment of the brain. Rhinencephalous (ri-men-sef’-a/-us) [hic, nose; #yké- pa?og, brain]. Same as Rhinencephalic. Rhinencephalus (ri-men-se/7-al-us). See Rhinocepha- Aus Rhinenchysia (ri-men-ki/-ze-ah) [hic, the nose; Śyxvotg, a pouring in J. Douching of the nasal passages. Rhinenchyta (ri-mem/-kit-ah) [hic, the nose; Śyxvrog, poured inj. A nasal syringe. Rhinenchytous (ri-men/-kit-us) [hic, nose; £yxvroſ, poured inj. Pertaining to nasal injections. Rhinenchytum (ri-mem/-kit-um) [hic, nose; £yxeiv, to pour in]. A liquid used in nasal douching. Rhinesthesia, Rhinesthesis (ri-mes-the-ze-ah, ri-mes'- the-sis) [big, nose; alodnoug, sensation]. The sense of smell. Rhineurynter (ri-nu-rin/-ter) [big, nose; eipinelv, to dilate]. An instrument consisting of a bag or sac, to be inflated after insertion into the nostril. Rhiniatry (ri-ni/-at-re) [bug, the nose; tatpei, a medi- cal treatment]. Synonym of Æhinology. Rhinic (rin/-ić) [hic, nose]. Pertaining to the nose. Rhinion (rin/-e-on) [bwtov, a small nose]. In crani- ometry, the lower point of the suture between the nasal bones. See Craniometric Points. Rhinismus (ri-niz'-mus) [híg, nose]. A nasal quality of voice. Rhinitis (ri-ni/-tis) [hic, the nose; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. R., Acute, acute nasal catarrh ; coryza ; the so-called “cold in the head.” It is marked by chilliness, Sneezing, profuse mucous discharge, and a feeling of stuffiness in the nose. R. caseosa, a rare affection of the nose characterized by occlusion of the nasal fossae, extreme fetor, and the discharge of a gelatin- ous mass from time to time from the nares and choanae. This mass is composed of an amorphous substance containing a great number of white corpuscles and fatty cells and crystals of stearin. R. catarrhalis. See Coryza. R., Chronic Atrophic, ozena, a chronic inflammation, with subsequent atrophy of the mucous membrane of the nose, accompanied by the formation of dry crusts and by a very offensive odor. This disease is most frequently seen in anemic young women. R., Chronic Catarrhal. Synonym of Aº., Chronic Hypertrophic. R., Chronic Hypertrophic, chronic nasal catarrh, a chronic inflammatory condi- tion of the mucous membrane of the nose, with profuse watery or muco-purulent discharge and an hypertro- phied condition of the nasal mucous membrane. It fol- lows repeated acute coryzas. R., Cirrhotic. Synonym of A., Atrophic. R., Fetid Atrophic. See A'., Chronic Atrophic. R. Fibrinous, a rare form of rhinitis, with development of false membrane in the nose. R., Pruriginous. Synonym of Hay-ſever. R., Pseudo-membranous, a rhinitis in which an opaque exudate covers the inflamed area. R., Scle- rotic. See Ozema. R. sicca. See Atrophic Catarrh. R., Simple, the stage of rhinitis preceding hypertro- phic or atrophic changes. descriptive of reflex neuroses of the nasal passages. R. ulcerosa. Synonym of Ozema. R., Vaso- motor. Synonym of Hay-fever. 1267 R. sympathetica, a term RHINOLITHIASIS Rhino- (ri/-no-) [hic, htwóg, nose]. A prefix denoting relation to or connection with the nose. Rhinoblennorrhea (ri-no-blen-or-e'-ah) [big, the nose; 62.Évva, mucus; hota, a flowing]. Synonym of Æhi- morrhea. Rhinobyon (ri-mo/-be-on) [hic, nose; flietv, to stop]. A nasal plug or tampon. Rhinocace (ri-mo/-as-e) [hic, nose; Kakoç, evil]. Fetid ulceration of the nose. Rhinocarcinoma (ri-no-Aar-sin-o’-ma/.) [hic, the nose; Kapkivoua, carcinoma]. Nasal carcinoma. Rhino-catarrhus (ri-no-kat-ar/-rus) [hic, the nose; Karábhog, catarrh]. Synonym of Coryza. Rhinocaul (ri/-no-kaw/) [hig, the nose; Kavā6c, a stalk]. The crus, peduncle, or support of the olfac- tory bulb. Rhinocele, Rhinocoele (ri/- no - se/), or Rhinocoelia (ri-no-se/-le-a) [hig, nose; kothia, hollow]. The hol- low, or ventricle, of the rhinencephalon; in man it is very small, or quite obliterated. Rhinocephalus (ri-no-sef’-a/-us) [hic, nose; Kejazi), head]. A cyclocephalic monster, the nose resembling a tube or trunk, the eyes fused in the median line and below the nose. Rhinocereal (ri-no-se/-re-al). Synonym of Pug-nose. Rhinocleisis (ri-no-Ali’-sis) [big, nose; KZelatc., fasten- ing]. Nasal obstruction. Rhinocnesmus (ri-mo/*-mez’-mus) [hig, the nose; kvma- uóg, an itching]. Itching of the nose. Rhinodacryolithus (ri-no-dać-re-o-lith/-us) [hic, the nose; dākpvov, a tear; Withog, a stone]. A lacrymal stone in the nasal duct. Rhinoderma (ri-no-der/-mah). filaris. Rhinodynia (ri-no-dim/-e-ah) [hig, nose; 66inm, pain]. Any pain in the nose. Rhinogramma (ri-no-gram/-ah) [hic, nose; Ypágua, a line]. The nasal line. Rhinolalia (ri - no - la/-le-ah) [hic, the nose; Aa2td, speech]. Synonym of Dysſalia nasalis. R. aperta, naso-palatine dyslalia, the nasal fossa and naso-pharyn- geal cavity communicating with the pharynx. R. clausa, naso-palatine dyslalia caused by a separation of the nasal fossa or naso-pharyngeal cavity from the pharynx. - Rhino-laryngitis (ri-mo-lar-in-ji’-ſis) [big, the nose; Wapvyč, the larynx ; ſtag, inflammation l. Simulta- neous inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and the larynx. Rhinolaryngology (ri-no-lar-in-go/"-o-ſe) [big, nose; Žápvyč, larynx; 26 yog, science]. The science of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the nose and the larynx. Rhinolerema (ri-no-ſer’-e-mah) [hic, the nose; Añpmua, silly talk]. Same as Rhinoleresis. Rhinoleresis (ri-no-ler-e'-sis) [hic, nose; 2%pmog, folly]. Perverted olfactory sense. Rhinolethrum (ri-no-leth’-rum) [hic, the nose; 5% effpoc, destruction]. Destruction of the nose. Rhinolith (ri’-no-lith) [hic, nose; Attoc, stone]. A nasal calculus. Cozzolini makes a distinction between true rhinoliths, in which the calcareous deposit becomes formed around a nucleus of mucus or of blood, and false rhinoliths, the more common, in which a foreign body, such as a cherry-stone, a bead, or the like, has formed the nucleus. The former are rarely found be- fore the fortieth year of age; the latter may be found at any age, the foreign body often having been inserted in play during childhood. Rhinolithiasis (ri-no-lith-7-as-is) [hig, nose; Affloc, stone]. The condition and progress of calculus of the nasal fossa. Synonym of Áeratosis RHINOLOGIC Rhinologic (ri-no-lo/-ić) [hic, nose; 26 yog, science]. Pertaining to rhinology. Rhinologist (ri-mo/-o jist) [bic, nose; Wöyoc, science]. A specialist in the treatment of nasal diseases. Rhinology (ri-mo/-o-je) [hic, nose; Aóyog, science]. The science of the anatomy, functions, and diseases of the nose. Rhinometer (ri-mom/-et-er) [big, nose; uérpov, mea- sure]. An instrument for aiding in the diagnosis of obstructive diseases of the naso-pharynx, Rhinommectome (ri-nom-me//-dome) [hic, the nose; öppa, the eye; Šktopſ, a cutting out]. Excision of the inner canthus of the eye. Rhinonecrosis (ri-no-me-Aro/-sis) [big, nose; vékpocac, death]. Necrotic disease of the nasal bones. Rhinopharyngitis (ri - no-far- in -ji/- tis) [hic, nose; hapv);, pharynx ; traç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the nose and pharynx, or of the naso-pharynx. Rhino-pharynx (ri-no-far/-ingás). See AVaso-pharynx. Rhinophonia (ri-no-fo/-me-a/)[hic, nose; pová, sound]. A nasal tone in speaking. Rhinophore (ri'-no-for) [hic, buy, nose; ºpetv, to bear]. In biology, one of the posterior pair of tenta- cles of certain molluscs, possibly olfactory in function. Any external olfactory organ, Rhinophyma (ri-no-ft/-mah) [hic, nose; pilga, tumor: AZ., A'hinophymałaj. A hypertrophic form of rosacea confined to the nose, perinasal portions of the cheeks and forehead, and the lobes of the ears, and marked by a new growth of vessels and connective tissue and chronically enlarged glands, producing a bulbous and knotted organ. It is usually seen in advanced alco- holism. Rhinoplastic (ri-no-plas/-tić) [big, nose; Tââooetv, to mold]. Pertaining to or having the character of rhinoplasty. R. Operation, a surgical operation for creating an artificial nose or reconstructing a nose par- tially destroyed. Rhinoplasty (ri/-no-plas-fe) [big, nose; Tāāooeuv, to mold]. A plastic operation upon the nose, to replace lost tissue. R., English, Syme’s operation, in which flaps are taken from the cheek. R., German, v. Graefe’s modification of the Tagliacotian rhinoplasty. The entire operation is done at a single sitting. R. of v. Graefe, Mº., German, 7. v. R., Hetero- plastic, rhinoplasty in which the tissues are re- moved from some person other than the one operated upon, R., Indian, an operation originating in India, in which the flap is taken from the forehead. R., Italian. Synonym of ſº., 7agliacoſian. R., Langen- beck’s, a modification of the Indian method, in which the periosteum is included in the frontal flap. See Operations, Zable of. R. Osteoplastic, rhinoplasty with transplantation of a cartilaginous flap to re- place the septum nasi. R., Periosteal. See A'., Mangenbeck’s. R. of Post, a modified Tagliacotian rhinoplasty, in which the flap is taken from the finger of the patient. R. of Syme, English rhinoplasty, q. v. R., Tagliacotian, rhinoplasty as performed by Tagliacozzi. The flap is taken from the skin of the arm. R. of Wood, rhinoplasty in which an inverted flap from the upper lip is elongated by detaching the mucous from the cutaneous surface from the root of the flap to its free border. This defect is covered with lateral flaps from the cheeks. Rhinopolypus (ri-no-pol/-/-us) [hic, nose; troAvTvQ, polypus]. Polypus of the nose. Rhinoptia (ri.no/-she-ah) [hic, the nose; TT6c, seen]. Internal strabismus. Rhinorrhagia (ri-mor-a/-je-a/.) [hic, nose; b/yvöval, to burst forth]. Copious hemorrhage from the nose. Rhinorrhaphy (rinor’ -a-ſe) [big, nose; baph, suture]. 1268 RHIZOCARPIC Reduction of the tissue of the nose by section, and by suturing the edges of the wound. Rhinorrhea (ri-nor-e'-ah) [hic, nose; boia, a flow]. A mucous discharge from the nostrils. - Rhinorrheal (ri-nor-e'-a') [hic, nose; hota, a flow]. Relating to or of the nature of rhinorrhea. Rhinoscleroma (ri-no-SA/e-ro’-mah)[bug, nose; olcâmpéc, hard ; Śpia, tumor]. A granulation new-growth of almost stony hardness, affecting the anterior nares and adjacent parts. The disease commences in the mucous membrane of the anterior nares and adjoining skin. The lesions consist of flattish, isolated, or coalescent nodules or raised plaques, imbedded in the cutis vera. Their growth is slow, and recurrence takes place if re- moval is attempted. The cause of the affection is not certainly known, but it is thought by some to be due to a bacillus which is nearly always present. Rhinoscope (ri’-no-sååp) [big, nose; okoſſeiv, to ob- serve]. An instrument for examination of the cavities of the nose. Rhinoscopic (ri-no-skop/-i}) [hic, nose; okoteiv, to view). Pertaining to the rhinoscope, or to rhinoscopy. Rhinoscopy (ri-nos/-ko-fºe) [big, the nose; okotretv, to observe]. Examination of the nasal fossae by means of the rhinoscope; that of the anterior nares is termed anterior rhinoscopy; that of the posterior nares, pos- Zerior rhinoscopy. Rhinosis (ri-mo/-sis). Synonym of Rhicnosis. Rhinostegnosis (ri-no-steg-no/-sis) [hic, nose; oréy- vootç, obstruction]. Nasal obstruction. Rhinostenose (ri-nos-teſ-nóz). A synonym of Rhinitis atrophica. Rhinotheca (ri-no-the-kah) [big, nose; 6%km, a sheath: pl., Rhinothecae]. In biology, a portion of the in- tegument of the upper mandible of a bird. Rhinothecal (ri - no - theſ-Aal) [big, nose; 6%km, a sheath]. Pertaining to the rhinotheca. : Rhinothrix (ri/-no-thrićs) [hic, nose; 6pić, hair; pl., Athimotriches]. A hair growing in the nostril. Rhipidium (ri-pid’’-e-um) [buttölov, dim. of httic, a fan; pl., Rhipidia]. In biology, Eichler's term for a fan-shaped cymose inflorescence, occurring in mono- cotyledons, in which the successive branches are in the same plane, each from the back of the preceding. The Aºche/ of Buchenau. Rhipidura (rip-id’’-u-ra/) [httig, a fan; oilpa, tail]. The posterior pair of pleopoda and the telson, when these parts are developed as in the Alſacruro. - Rhiptasmus (rip-tag/-mus) [buttaquég]. Synonym of Aal/ismus. Rhis (ris) [hic]. Synonym of AVose. Rhizagra (riz-a/-grah) [btſa, root; &ypa, seizure]. An instrument for extracting the roots of teeth. Rhizanthous (ri-zan'-thus) [Åſa, root; fiv6oc, flower]. In biology, flowering from the root. Rhizantoicous (ri-2am-toſſ/-kus) [hiſa, root; ivri, op- posite; oikoç, dwelling]. In biology, applied to mosses that bear both organs of reproduction on the same plant, the antheridium on a short branch con- nected with the archegonium by the rhizome. Rhizias (riz'-e-as) [60 façj. A medicine made from rootS. Rhizina (ri-zi/-mah) [biša, a root; pl. , Rhizina.]. Same as Ā’hizoid'. Rhizine (riº-zim) [hiſa, root]. Rhizinous (ri-25/-nus) [hiſa, root]. rhizoids. Rhizo- (ri/-zo-) [hiſa, a root]. . A prefix denoting con- nection with or relation to a réot. Rhizocarpic (ri-zo-kar/-pâA) [bf{a, root; kaprág, fruit]. In biology, having the stem annual, but the root per ennial. Same as Rhizoid'. In biology, having. RHIZOCARPOUS Rhizocarpous º - zo- Áar/-pus) [hiſa, root; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, a term sometimes applied to her- baceous plants whose roots live on from year to year. Rhizocaul (ri/-zo-kaw/) [hiſa, root; Kavā6g, stalk]. In biology, the portion of a polyp by which it is fastened to its support. Rhizocephalous (ri-zo-sef’-a/-us) [higa, root; Kepa/#, head]. In biology, rooted by the head. Rhizodontropy (ri-zo-don/-tro-pe) [hiſa, root; 660ic, tooth; Tporá, turn, pivot]. The pivoting of an arti- ficial crown upon the root of a tooth. Rhizodontrypy (ri-zo-don'-trip-e) [hiſa, root; 6600c, tooth; toirm, hole]. The surgical puncture of the root of a tooth. Rhizogen (ri/-zo-jen) [hiſa, root; yewfic, producing]. A plant parasitic upon the roots of another plant. A part or organ from which roots or root-hairs grow. Rhizogenic (ri-zo-jen/-ić) [hiſa, a root; Yevåg, produc- ing]. In biology, root-producing. A term applied to the cells in the pericambium, just in front of a xylem ray of a fibro-vascular bundle, and which give origin to root-branches. Rhizography (ri-zog/-ra-ſe) [6tſa, root; Ypápetv, to write]. A descriptive treatise on the roots of plants. Rhizoid (ri/-zoid) [buſa, root; eiðog, form]. In biol- ogy, slender, root-like filaments, the organs of attach- ment in many cryptogams; like a root. Rhizoma (ri-zo’-mah) [hiſoua: pl. , Rhizomata]. Same as Rhizome. Rhizomania (ri-zo-ma/-ne-ah) [hiſa, a root; plavia, madness]. In biology, an unusual or abnormal devel- opment of adventitious roots. Rhizomatoid (ri-zo’-mat-oid) [6tſoua, a mass of roots; eiðog, resemblance]. Resembling a rhizome. Rhizome (ri'-zom) [hiſa, root]. In biology, a prostrate , or subterranean stem, having roots at its nodes and a bud or shoot at its apex. Rhizomorph (ri/-20-morf) [hiſa, root; Hoppſ, form]. In biology, the long, flocculent mycelium of several species of Agaricus. Rhizomorphoid (ri-zo-mor/-foid) [hiſa, root; uoppij, form ; eiðoç, form]. Having the form of a root. Rhizomorphous (ri-zo-mor/-fus) [bíča, root; uopºm, form]. In biology, in shape and appearance like a root. Rhizonychia (ri-zo-mik/-e-ah) [hiſa, a root; ovvi, the nail]. The root of the nail. Rhizonychial (ri-zo-nić'-e-al) [bíča, root; 6vvš, nail]. Pertaining to a rhizonychium. Rhizonychium (ri-zo-nić/-e-tem) [bíča, root; Śvvš, a claw : pl., Rhizomichia]. In biology, the claw-bearing phalanx of a digit. Rhizophagous (ri-goff’-ag-us) [fitſopéyoc, eating roots]. Root-eating. Rhizophora (ri-zoff’-or-ah) [higa, a root; popóç, a bear- ing]. Mangrove. In its several varieties it is used medicinally. Rhizophore (ri/-zo-ſor) [biša, a root; popog, bear]. In Selaginella a leafless shoot, which grows downward and from the end of which the true roots originate as soon as it penetrates the ground. Rhizophorous (ri-zoff’-or-us) [hiſa, root; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, root-bearing. Rhizophyto-alopecia (ri-3off-it-o-al-o-pe/-se-ah) [b{{a, a root; butóv, a plant; d'Aotekia, alopecia). Synonym of Trichomycosis circinaſa. Rhizopod (ri/-zo-pod) [bíča, root; toic, foot]. A member of the Rhizopoda, a sub-class of Protozoa or animalcules. Locomotion and ingestion of food take place by means of pseudopodia, which at times fuse and form a reticulum. Rhizopodium (ri-zo-ſºo'-de-um) [bíča, a root; troig, foot]. In biology, the mycelium of fungi. 1269 RHODOMEL Rhizotaxis (ri-zo-ta/s/-īs) [hiſa, root; Táčac, order]. In biology, the arrangement of roots. Cf. also Phyllo- taxis. Rhizotaxy (ri’-zo-taks-e). Same as Rhizotaxis. Rhodacne (rod-a/-ne) [660ov, a rose; ākvm, acne] Synonym of Acme rosacea. Rhodalose (roſ-dal-āz) [66óov, rose; 6%g, salt]. phate of cobalt. Rhodamin (ro/-dam-in) [hóðov, rose; amin). A violet- red, magnificently fluorescent dyestuff, analogous in constitution to the fluoresceins. Rhodanic (ro-dan/-i}) [66óov, rose]. Denoting an acid which produces a red salt with persalts of iron. R. Acid. See Acza. Rhodelaeon, Rhodelaeum (ro-del-e'-on, ro-del-e'-um) bóðov, a rose; £2atov, oil]. The oil of rose. Rhodeorrhetin (ro-de-or-re/-tin). Synonym of Con- zo/v2z/772. Rhodic Acid (ro'-dic) [66ótoc, rosy], RhC. A flaky powder; the precipitate of a solution of rhodium ses- quioxid by nitric acid. Rhodinacne (ro - aſin -aš/- me) [66óov, a rose ; dºwn, acne]. Synonym of Acne rosacea. Rhodinon (ro/-din-on) [66ötvov). Oil of roses. Rhodiochlorid (ro-de-o-Alo’-rid) [66ótoc, rosy; 2%poc, green]. A double chlorid of rhodium and one of the alkali metals. Rhodionitrite (ro-de-o-ni'-trit) [bóðtoc, rosy ; mitrum, niter]. A combination of rhodium nitrite with the nitrite of some other element or radicle. Rhodis (ro'-dis) [bóðvoc, rosy]. An ointment or pow- der made from roses. Rhodium (ró’-de-um) [bóðtog, rosy]. A rare metal (symbol, Rh. ; at. wt., IO3) of the platinum group. Its medicinal qualities are little known. See B/e- ments, Table of R., Oil of: (1) a fragrant oil de- rived from the root-wood of Convolvulus scoparius and C. floridus of the Canaries; (2) a factitious compound which commercially replaces the preceding for the most part; (3) an oil from Amyris balsamifera, a West Indian tree. The foregoing oils are mainly used by veterinarians. Rhodizite (ro'-dig-it) [hodiſen, be like a rose]. A rare borate of aluminum and potassium ; it occurs in mi- nute isomeric crystals. Rhodochrosite (ro-do-Aro’-sit) [bóðoy, rose; apógic, a coloring]. Native protocarbonate of manganese, a delicate, rose-red color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals. Rhododendron (ro-do - den’- dron) [bodööerópov, the oleander]. A large genus of shrubs of the order ericaceae and species rhodoreae. R. campanulatum, the bell-flowered rhododendron. The leaves are used as an errhine. R. chrysanthum, a variety of Eastern Siberia. The leaves and flowering branches are used in rheumatism and gout. They are stimulant, diaphoretic, and diuretic, and in large doses narcotic. R. cinnabarinum, an East Indian variety—poisonous. R. dahuricum, Dahurian rhododendron. The leaves are used in gout and rheumatism. R. maximum, American great laurel. The leaves are sometimes used in rheumatism and gout. R. officinale. Synonym of A. chrysant/ium. R. ponticum, pontic rhododendron of Asia Minor, Armenia, and Spain. It is used in gout and rheumatism. R., Tinctura, made by treating I part of the leaves of A. chrysant/ium with 3 parts each of brandy and white wine for two weeks, and filtering. Rhodomel (ro’-do-mel) [höðov, rose; uéât, honey]. Synonym of Me/ rosae. R. cydoniatum, a mixture consisting of 7 parts of honey, 30 parts of honey of roses, and 18O parts of quince-seed mucilage. Sul. RHODOMYCES Rhodomyces (ro-do-mi’-sez) [bóðov, rose; ſtikme, a fungus]. A fungus resembling the Oidium albicans. R. kochii, a fungus appearing as a delicate pink mold and producing enormous numbers of conidia. It is sometimes found in the gastric juice in pyrosis. Rhodon (ro/-don) [bóðov]. I. The rose. 2. The vulva. Rhodonite (ro’-do-nit) [66óov, rose]. Native silicate of manganese. It occurs in masses, and is occasionally found in distinct crystals of a fine rose-red or pinkish hue. Rhodophan (ro/-do-ſan) [66óov, rose ; haväg, appear- ing]. In biology, a red lipochrome pigment found by Kühne and others in the retinal cones of fishes, rep- tiles, and birds. Cf. Pigments, Conspectats of Rhodophyl, Rhodophyll (ro/-do-ſil) [bóðeog, red; påå- Žov, a leaf). A name given by Schütt to the com- pound pigment of the Red Aſgaº. Cf. Pigments, Conspectus of Rhodophyllous (ro-doſiſ/-us) [bóðeoç, red; pu%0v, a leaf). In biology, containing rhodophyl. Rhodopsin (ro-dop/-sin) [hóðov, rose; &lp, eye). Visual purple, a retinal substance the color of which is pre- served by darkness, but bleached by daylight; it is found in the outer segment of the rods. Rhodorrhiza (ro-dor-i/-zah) [66óov, a rose; biča, a root]. Synonym of Convolvulus. Rhodosaccharum (ro-do - sa/-ar- um) [bóðov, rose; oãkrapov, sugar]. Synonym of Syrupus rosarum. Rhodospermin (ro-do-sper/-min) [bóðov, rose ; otépua, seed]. Crystalloids of an albuminous substance found in the Florideae, forming the rhodophyl, or red coloring- matter. Cf. Pigments, Conspectus of Rhodotannic Acid (ro-do-tan/-i/%) [bóðov, rose; tam- min, tannin], C, H.O. A tannin derived from the leaves of R/hododendron fumigineum. Rhodymenia palmata (ro-di-me/-ne-ah) [bóðov, rose; ôuffv, a membrane]. A marine A/ga (Scotch, Dulse; Irish, Dillesk), parasitic on littoral Fuci, Zaminariæ, etc. It contains a mucilage which is used in scrofula. Its value is probably dependent upon contained iodin. It is largely used as food in the west of Ireland, also in the Mediterranean regions, where it forms a com- mon ingredient of soups. Rhoea (re/-ah) [botáJ. Synonym of Leukorrhea. Rhoeadic Acid (re-ad/-i}) [botáç, a kind of poppy]. See Papaveric Acid. Rhoeadin (re/-ad-in) [botáç, a kind of poppy], C, H, NO. A crystallizable alkaloid obtained from Japaver rharas. Rhoeagenin (re-a/-en-in) [hotáç, a kind of poppy], C, H, NOg. A base isomeric with rhoeadin found in acidified solutions of rhoeadin. Rhoebdesis (reb-de/-sis) [bot}ómotg]. sorption. Rhoezus (re/-zus) [bóiſocl. sound. Rhogmos (rog/-mos) [box/16c). See Snoring. Rhombo-atloideus (rom-bo-a/-/o-id/-e-us), [hóuffoc, a rhomb; it?ac, the atlas J. An anomalous muscle arising from the spinal processes of the lower cervical and upper dorsal vertebrae and having its insertion in the transverse process of the atlas. Rhombocele, Rhombocoele (rom/- $o - sel) [66/1800, rhomb; kotAm, cavity]. Same as Rhombocalia, Rhombocoelia (rom -ºo - se/-le-ah), [höuffog, rhomb; Koºſa, hollow]. The sinus rhomboidalis; a dilata: tion of the cavity of the spinal cord in the sacral region of birds. Rhombogen (rom/-bo-jen) [bóuffoc, rhomb; Yevſc, pro- ducing]. In biology, one of the early embryonic stages of a nematode worm; to be distinguished from the ºzemaſogenz. Absorption ; re- A purring auscultatory 1270 RHUS Rhombohedral (rom - bo - he/- dra/) [hóuffog, rhomb; ëópa, base]. Of the shape of a rhombohedron. Carbonates, the isomorphous group of the native carbonates of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and the intermediate compounds, as the double carbonate of calcium and magnesium, etc. Rhomboid, Rhomboidal (rom/- boid, rom - boi/- dal) [66/180g, a rhomb; eiðog, resemblance]. Having a shape similar to that of a rhomb. A quadrilateral with opposite sides equal and parallel, and oblique angles. R. Fossa, the fourth ventricle of the brain. R. Impression. See /mpression. R. Ligament. See Zigament. R. Sinus. See AE/lombocalia. Rhomboideus (rom-bo-id'-e-us). See Muscles, Zable of Rhoncal (rong’-Aal) [höyºrog, a snoring]. Relating to a rhonchus. R. Fremitus. See Fremitus. Rhonchial (rong/-/*e-a/). Same as /ē/homca/. Rhoncus (rong/-äus) [boyzog, snore]. A rattling or musical sound produced in the throat or bronchial tubes during respiration. Rhonchi may be somorous or sibilant, the former being loud, low-pitched, and Snoring, and the latter high-pitched and whistling. Rhonchi are especially marked during the early stages of acute bronchitis, when the mucous membrane is swollen and thickened, but has not begun to secrete mucus; also in the spasm of the bronchial tubes in asthma and in the chronic bronchitis of emphysema. Rhoodes (roo’-dez) [60óðoç, like a stream]. Of fevers, associated with fluid discharges. Rhopal Nich (ro/-pal-miſch). See Amtra rhopalaria. Rhopalismus (ro-pa/-īz/-mus) [bóTažov, club]. Pria- pism ; also plica polonica. Rhopalium (ro-pâ/-e-um) [bótta?ov, a club; pl., Rho- £alia]. In biology, the so-called sense-club of an acraspede Medusa ; a compound sense-organ of which the auditory organ is the principal factor; it is at the same time a metamorphosed tentacle into which a hollow process of the gastric system penetrates. Rhopalocephalus carcinomatosus (ro-pal-o-sef’-al- as Áar-sin-o-mat/o-sus). A name given to a parasitic organism found by Korotneff in the cells of carcinomata. The formation of pearls is attributed to it. See Para- sites (Animal), Table of - Rhopalosis (ro-pal-o/-sis) [bóTahov, club]. Plica po- lonica. Rhophesis (roºfe/-sis) [bopčiv, to gulp down]. ping; absorption. Rhophetic (ro-fet/- iſſ) [60pmrukóc]. medicine. Rhosaton (ró/-zat-on) [bódatov]. tion of roses. Cf. Actius. Rhotacism (ro'-tas - izm) [hotakićev, to use the r sound]. I. The substitution of some other speech- sound for that of the letter r; more correctly, the too frequent or too strong utterance of the r sound; the use of the r sound in place of some other speech- sound. Rhothones (ro-tho/-mez) [66flovegj. ties. Rhubarb (ru/-barð) [bñov]. See Aheum. Rhubarbaric Acid, Rhubarbarin (ru-bar/-bar-ik, ru- Öar/-bar-in). Synonym of Acid, Chrysoſhanic. Rhus (rus) [boig, sumac). In biology, a genus of the order Azza cardiaceae, of which the sumachs are the best known. R. aromatica, Sweet Sumach ; the bark of the root is an astringent, acting upon the urethral canal. It is useful in cystitis, incontinence of urine, and diabetes. Dose of the fla. ext, muxv-xx. Unof. R. coriaria, Elm-leaved Sumach, the dried leaves and fruit are used in dyeing and tanning and contain gallo-tannic acid. The berries are used as a con- diment and contain binoxalate of calcium. They Sip- An absorbent A purgative confec- The nasal cavi- RHUSIN have been used in the East in cholera. R. cotinus, Purple-fringed Sumach, indigenous to Southern Europe. The bark (cortex cotini) is used as an antiperiodic. The leaves (folia colini) are used in the form of a gargle in sore-throat. R.-dermati- tis, a form of inflammation of the skin, the result of poisoning produced by the poison-oak and other species of sumach. R. diversiloba, the hiedra of California ; the poison-oak; a high grade of cutaneous irritation results from contact with it. R. glabra, Smooth Sumach, the fruit of Æ. glabra. Its properties are due to tannic acid and potassium and calcium malates. The diluted juice is a pleasant, astringent drink in catarrhal affections of the stomach and bowels. Dose of the fla. ext, 3.j-ij. R. glab., Ext., Fld., a gargle for sore-throat. R. perniciosa, a variety which has been used in the treatment of scorpion-bites. R.-poisoning. See Dermatitis venemata. R. pumila, Dwarf Sumach, found in North Carolina. It is probably the most poisonous variety. R. radicans, Poison-vine, found in Canada and the United States. The juice of the berries is very poisonous. R. toxicodendron, Poison-oak, the fresh leaves of the poison-oak, R. toxicodendron, and the poison-ivy, R. radicans. Locally applied, it causes swelling and a vesicular eruption upon the skin and mucous membranes. It is recommended in certain affections of the skin, in rheumatism, and locally in erysipelas and eczema. It is a favorite remedy with homeopathic practitioners. An unof. tinct. contains fresh leaves I, alcohol 2 parts. Dose mu To-ij. R. venenata, Poison-ash, a highly poisonous shrub found in North America and Japan. R. venicifera, Japan lacquer-tree; it is used chiefly in the preparation of warnish, and is highly poi- SOIl OllS. Rhusin (ru/-sin).[boig, sumac]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Sumach, Rhus glabra ; it is tonic, astringent, and antiseptic. Dose I to 2 grains. Unof. Rhusma (rus'-mah) [Turkish]. A depilatory of orpi- ment, lime, and water, used to remove superfluous human hair. - Rhyas (ri’-as) [beiv, to flow]. Synonym of Discharge. Rhynchanthera (rin - Áan/- (her-ah) [60yxog, snout; ãvömpöc, blooming]. A genus of melastomaceous herbs. R. grandiflora, a West Indian species; the flowers are used as a sedative expectorant in chronic cough. Rhynchodont (ring/-ko-dont) [59), oc, snout ; Śēoic, tooth]. In biology, having a toothed beak. Rhynchosia (ring-ko’-ze-a/.) [$tyxoc, a snout]. A genus of plants of the tribe Phaseoleae, R. diversi- folia, a variety used as an expectorant in spasmodic cough. Rhyostomaturia (ri-o-sto-mat-u/-re-ah) [bvág, fluid : otóua, the mouth; oipov, urine]. Excretion of the urinary constituents by the salivary glands. Rhypia (rip/-e-ah). Synonym of Rupia. Rhypophobia (ri-po-fo/-be-ah) [büTog, filth; poſsiv, to fear]. A better form of the word Rupophobia. A morbid dread of dirt. Rhyptic (rip/-tić) [bvitrikóc; bitten, to cleanse]. De- tergent; cleansing ; cathartic. Rhypus (rip/-us) [biroc.). Dirt; sordes. Rhysema (ri-se/-mah) [büomuaj. Wrinkle. Rhysis- (ri’-sis-) [beiv, to flow]. Synonym of Dis- charge. Rhythm (rithm) [buffuſic]. Action or function recur- ring at regular intervals or according to some system- atic plan or type, as the rhythm of the heart, of res- piration, etc. 1271 RIBGRASS Rhythmic (rith/-mić) [bvtuoc, rhythm]. to or having the quality of rhythm. Rhytidosis corneae [bvrig, a wrinkle]. the cornea. Rib (rib) [ME., rib, rib]. I. In anatomy, a rib is a long, flat, curved bone, with an ectal and an ental broad smooth surface, cephalic rounded border, and a caudal sharp one. Within the greater part of the length of the lower border there exists a groove for the intercostal blood-vessels. The dorsal end is the head, and this presents two articular facets (separated by the intervertebral ridge) which articulate with corre- sponding facets of a contiguous pair of vertebrae. Slightly ventral, just beyond a slight constriction, the mecă, is the tubercle, upon which is a facet for articulation with the transverse process of the lower of the two Pertaining Wrinkling of 2.1 RIBS OF LEFT SIDE, P O S T E R I O R ASPECT. I-12. Anterior ex- tremities of 12 ribs of left side. I3, 13. In te r n a l surface. 14, 14. External surface. 15. Head of 1st rib. 16. Head of º - 2d rib. 17. Head iš 4 of 3d rib. 18, 18. - He ad s of ribs from 4th to 9th. 19. Head of ioth rib. 20, 20. Heads of IIth and 12th s: ribs. 21,21. Necks iè6 of ribs. 22. Tuber. cle oſ Ist rib. 23. Articular facet of tubercle of 2d rib. 24, 24. Articular facets of tubercles of ribs fronn 3d to th. 25. Articu- ar facet for tu- bercle of Ioth rib. 26, 26. Angles of ribs. vertebrae united by the head of the rib. Externally to the tubercle is a rough mark called the angle, at which point the rib is directed abruptly ventrad. The ventral portion is more compressed and is continuous with the costal cartilage. The ribs successively in- crease in length from the first to the eighth and then decrease to the last. They number twelve pairs, form- ing a series of narrow arches on each side of the trunk extending from the thoracic vertebrae to the sternum. The Seven superior or sternal ribs are attached to both the spine and the sternum. The remaining five are called asternal riós. Three of these are attached dorsally to the spine, and ventrally by costal carti- lages to the cartilages of adjacent ribs. The two last are free at their anterior extremities, and are called free ribs. 2. A primary or principal vein of a leaf. Ribbail’s Bandage. See Bandage. Ribes, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of Ribesin (ri-be’-zin) [ribesium, currant]. The juice of the black currant (Ā’ibes migrum), used for staining microscopic sections. - Ribgrass (rib/-gras). See Plantago, Plantain. RIBLET Riblet (rib’-let) [ME., rib, rib]. Any pleurapophysis not developed into a rib and not destined to be so de- veloped ; a costal process of a vertebra. Rice (ris). See Oryza. R.-seed Bodies, peculiar Small, white bodies resembling grains of rice, found in the so-called ganglia occurring on tendons. R.- water Evacuations. See Oryza. Richard's Styptic Collodion. A solution of tannin in collodion. Richardson's Bellows. An instrument for injecting vapors into the middle ear. R.'s Mixture. See Anesthetic. R.'s Neutral Blue Fluid, a fluid for in- jecting tissues. Dissolve O.648 gm. of ferrous sulphate in I5 c.c. of glycerin; and 2.07 gms. of potassium ferro- cyanid in a liter of water, to which 15 c.c. of glycerin have been added. Mix the two solutions gradually; then add 30 c.c. of alcohol and I2O c.c. of water. R.'s Test. See Death, Signs of Richet's Bandage. See Bandage. Richter's Collyrium. A mixture of rose-water and the white of egg beaten to a froth. R.’s Hernia, Aarietal Enteroce/e, Partial Enteroceſe, Littré's Hernia. Strangulated enterocele in which only part of the cir- cumference of the gut is constricted. See Diseases, Table of Ricin (ri’-sin) [ricinus, a genus of the euphorbiaceae]. The toxalbumin of the castor-oil bean ; a vegetable albuminoid employed in the study of immunity. A dose of Tº gr. by the skin, or ſº gr. by the stomach is toxic. It induces multiple hemorrhages of the intestines and stomach, and appears to break down the blood-corpuscles. Unof. Ricinelaidic (ris-in-el-a-id/-ić) [ricinus, castor-oil]. Derived from castor-oil. R. Acid, an acid derived from and isomeric with ricinoleic acid. Ricinic (ris-in/-i/) [ricinus, castor-oil]. Pertaining to or having the properties of castor-beans or castor-oil. Also applied to an acid derived from castor-oil. See A’zczzzz/s. Ricinine (ri’-sin-in) [ricinus, castor-oil]. A crystalline substance obtained from castor-oil. Ricinoleic Acid (ri-sin-o-le/ -ić). See Acid. Ricinus (ris/-īn-us) [L. J. A genus of apetalous euphorbiaceous plants. R. communis, the only species is the well-known castor-oil plant, indige- nous in America and Asia. The height is from 4 to I4 feet; the leaves are alternate, peltate, palmately seven-lobed or nine-lobed ; the flowers are monecious and apetalous. The fruit is a grooved, rather triangular tricoccous capsule, generally spinescent, with a single oval or elliptic seed enclosed in each cell. The embryo has foliaceous, heart-shaped cotyledons, is straight, white, and imbedded in an oily albumin, having a bland and slightly acrid taste. The seeds are chiefly used in the manufacture of olezem 7-icini, castor-oil. They are first crushed and freed from their cover- ings, then kiln-dried and subjected to powerful pressure. The oil is heated with water to remove albuminous matters. The yield is 38 to 45 per cent., by cold pressure 25 to 30 per cent. The oil prepared by the latter method requires no further purification. It is viscid, nearly transparent, pale greenish-yellow or almost colorless. The specific gravity varies between .950 and .96O. The oil is partly soluble in petroleum benzine, but is more soluble in absolute alcohol, ether, and glacial acetic acid in all proportions. When fresh, it has a neutral reaction to test- paper, and is composed of several fats. The solid fatty acid is related to palmitic acid, the liquid one is ricinoleic acid. The acrid principle to which its purgative properties are due has not been isolated. Tuson claimed, in 1864, to have discovered an alka- 1272 RIDGE loid, ricinin. The oil is used medicinally to over- come constipation or to cure diarrhea due to the presence of irritating substances. The dose for an adult is from half an ounce to an ounce. R., Olei, Mist. (B.P.), castor-oil, oil of lemon, oil of cloves, potash, syrup, orange-flower water. Dose 3 ss—ij. Rickets (rik/-ets) [báxug, spine]. The common name for Æachitis, it is a constitutional disease of child- hood, characterized by increased cell-growth of the bones, with deficiency of earthy matter, resulting in deformities, and with abnormal changes in the spleen and liver. See Aachitis. Rickety (rik/-et-e) [bázig, spine]. Affected with, or distorted by, rickets. R. Rosary, the beaded con- dition of the ribs in rickets. See Mºachāfīs. Rictal (rik/-tal) [ringi, to gape]. Pertaining or re- lating to rictus. Rictus (rić/-tus) [L., from ringi, to gape]. A fissure or cleft; a gaping, as of the mouth; the gape of a bird. See A'isus sardonicus. R. lupinus, cleft palate. Rider (ri’-der) [ME., ridere, a rider]. One who rides, especially one who rides on horseback. R.s’ Bone, an Osseous formation in the adductor muscles of the leg, from long-continued pressure of the leg against the saddle. See Exercise - bones. R.s’ Bursa, an enlarged bursa, produced in the same way as the riders’ bone. R. Garbage - furnace, a form of furnace with two chambers, the foremost of which is the combustion-chamber in which the garbage to be destroyed is placed, and the rear one the receiving-tank. Ridge (rij) [ME., rigge, the back of a man or beast]. An extended elevation or crest. Rs., Bicipital, the borders of the bicipital groove of the humerus. Rs., Condylar, the ridges ascending from the condyles of the humerus. Rs., Dorsal. See Rs., Meduſſary. R., Genital, the germ-ridge in front of and internal to the Wolffian body, from which the internal reproduc- tive organs are developed, R., Gluteal, the ante- rior intertrochanteric line, R., Interosseous (of the fibula), the ridge on the fibula which gives attachment to the interosseous membrane, R., Intervertebral, a crest on the vertebral end of a rib dividing the ar- ticular surface into two portions. R., Lambdoidal, the lambdoid crest. Rs., Lateral (of the blastoderm), two ridges on the posterior end of the embryonic shield that coalesce and close the primitive groove. R., Maxillary, dental crest; a ridge of vascular fibrous tissue along the alveolar processes of the max- illary bones of the fetus. Rs., Medullary, the lami- nae dorsales, or longitudinal elevations of the epiblast, which coalesce and close in the medullary or neural tube, R., Mylo–hyoid, the ridge on the inner sur- face of the inferior maxilla for the attachment of the mylo-hyoid muscle. R., Neural, neural crest; the ridge of epiblastic cells on the superior margin of the medullary groove, from which the dorsal nerves of the embryo are developed. Rs., Occipital, the supe- rior and inferior curved lines of the occipital bone. Rs., Palatine, one longitudinal and several transverse corrugations of the mucosa of the hard palate. R., Parietal, the ridge on the parietal bone; a con- tinuation of the temporal ridge. Rs., Pectoral, the bicipital ridges of the humerus. R., Pterotic, a ridge on the upper and external portion of the auditory capsule. R., Pterygoid, the infra-temporal crest or ridge on the external surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Rs. of the Skin, the delicate ridges of the skin which intersect at various angles, and correspond to the rows of papillae of the corium. R., Superciliary, the arched ridge of the frontal bone RIDGE's FOOD corresponding to the eyebrow. Rs., Supracondyloid. See A's., Condylar. R., Temporal, the ridge extend- ing from the external angular process of the frontal bone upward and backward across the frontal and parietal bones, curving downward, and terminating in the posterior root of the zygomatic process. R., Wolffian, germ-epithelium. See A., Genital. Ridge's Food. A farinaceous food for infants. Its composition is: Water, 9.23 ; fat, O.63; grape-sugar, 2.40; cane-sugar, 2.20; starch, 77.96; Soluble carbo- hydrates, 5.19; albuminoids, 9.24; ash, o.60. Ridge1 (riſ/-el) [origin uncertain]. . A male animal having one testicle removed or wanting. Ridgeling (rij/-ling). See A'idgel. Ridgil (rij/-il). See Ridgel. - Riding of Bones. In surgery, the displacement of the fractured ends of bones which are forced past each other by muscular contraction, instead of remain- ing end to end. Riding-hag. Incubus; nightmare. Riegel’s Syndrome. Respiratory disturbance simulat- ing asthma, combined with tachycardia. R.'s Test- meal, a test-meal consisting of 400 grams broth, 5o grams scraped beef, 60 grams white bread. Riga's Disease. See Aphtha, Cachectic, and Diseases, Table of Riggs’ Disease. See Diseases, Table of Right (rit) [ME., right, right]. Belonging to or located upon that side which, with mammals contains less of the heart and is on the east when the face is toward the north ; dextral. R.-brained, having the speech-center in the rightinstead of the left hemisphere. R. Hand. See Dexter. R.-handed, using the right hand with more freedom and effect than the left. R.- handedness, the condition of being right-handed. Rigiditas (rij-id/-it-as) [L.J. Stiffness; rigidity. R. articulorum, spurious ankylosis. Rigidity (rij-id/-it-e) [rigidus, stiff]. Stiffness; inflexi- bility; immobility; tonic contraction of muscles. R., Anatomic (of the cervix uteri), rigidity in which the cervix, though neither edematous nor tender, is not wholly effaced in labor, but retains its length and dilates only to a certain extent, beyond which the contrac- tions of the uterus are without effect. R., Cadav- eric, rigor mortis. R., Cerebellar, rigidity of the spinal muscles, due to tumor of the middle lobe of the cerebellum. The head is drawn backward, the spine curved, and the arms and legs made rigid (H. Jackson). R., Hemiplegic, spastic rigidity of the paralyzed limbs in hemiplegia. R., Muscular. See Thomsen's Disease. R., Pathologic (of the cervix atteri), rigidity due to organic disease or cicatricial contraction. R., Post-mortem, rigor mortis. R., Spasmodic (of the cervix uſeri), rigidity due to spas- modic contraction of the cervix. Rigor (riſ-gor) [rigor, cold]. Coldness, stiffness, or rigidity. In the plural, chills, shivering. R. cadav- erosus. See R. mortis. R. maxillae inferioris, trismus. R. mortis : I. The muscular rigidity that occurs a short time after death, due to chemic changes resulting in the production of myosin. 2. The rigor due to changes occurring in a muscle that has lost its irritability, in which its acidity is increased and its electric currents are absent. R. nervorum, R. nervosus. See Zetanus. Rima (ri'-mah) [rima, crack, cleft; pl., Rimac). In bi- ology: I. A chink, cleft, or fissure. 2. The chief part of the great transverse fissure of the brain. It is a line of interruption of the nervous parietes of the paracele, beginning at the dorsal end of the porta, and extending to near the tip of the medicorun. R. ad infundibulum, the anterior aperture of the third ventricle of the brain. 1273 RING R., Anterior, the calamus scriptorius (Monro). Rimae caecae hepatis, the hepatic fissures lodging the branches of the portal vein. R. cerebri transversa, the transverse fissure of the cerebrum. R. clunium, the cleft of the nates. Rimae cutis, the normal fur- rows of the skin. R. glottidis, the cleft between the true vocal bands; the glottis. R. glutaea. See A'. clunium. R. helicis, an anomalous cleft in the in- ferior anterior portion of the helix. R. labiorum. See R. oris. R. laryngis. See R. glottidis. R. oris, the line formed by the junction of the lips. R. palpebrarum, the palpebral fissure. R. pudendi, the fissure between the labia majora. R. pudendi connivens, the fissure between the labia majora when they completely conceal the nymphae. R. transversa cerebelli, the sulcus between the peduncles of the cerebellum. R. ventriculi laryngis, the aperture of the ventricle of the larynx. R. vocalis. See A'. glottidis. R. vulvae. See R. pudendi. Rimiform (ri/-miform) [rima, a chink; forma, form]. In biology, possessing a longitudinal chink or furrow. Rimose (ri/-möz) [rimosus, full of chinks]. In biol- ogy, full of crevices or furrows. Rimous (r:/-mus) [rima, a cleft]. clefts, or fissures. Rimula (rim/-u-Zah) [L., dim. of rima, a crack: A/., A’imulae]. A fissure; applied especially to the ventral mesal fissure of the spinal cord; an interfoliar cleft of the cerebellum. Rimule (rim/-ii/)[rimula, dim. of rima, a cleft]. Any minute cleft, crack, or fissure. Rinar (ri’-mar). Limatura; filings. Rind (rind) [ME., rind, crust]. In biology, an outer coat, skin, or integument. Cortex. Rinderpest (rin/-der-pest) [Ger., “cattle-pest”]. An acute infectious disease of cattle, appearing occasion- ally among sheep, and communicable to other rumi- nants. It is called also caſtle-plague. Cf. Aacillus septicamia hamorrhagica, under Bacteria, Synonym- atic Zable of Rindfleisch’s Granule-cells. with granulations. Ring [ME., ring, ring]. A circular opening or aper- ture; the structure surrounding a circular opening. See Annulus. Rs., Abbe’s, rings of catgut used in the establishment of an artificial communication be- tween one part of the bowel and another, or between the bowel and the stomach. R., Abdominal, the internal or external abdominal ring. R., Annual, one of the successive circles of wood produced yearly in exogenous trunks. R., Antimonial, a ring pro- duced when volatilized antimony impinges on a glass surface. Rs., Apposition. See A's. , Abbe’s. R., Arsenical, a ring produced when fumes of arsenic impinge on a glass surface. R., Bandl’s, an annular muscular thickening of the uterus during labor between the contractile portion of the organ and the relaxed attenuated portion below ; the true os uteri internum of Bandl. R.-bone, a bony callus or exostosis, the result of inflammation on one or both pastern-bones of a horse. It may extend to the interphalangeal joints and cause immobility and lameness. R.-Canal: (a) the circumesophageal canal of the water-vascular system of Echinoderms, (b) the annular enterocele of Caelenterates. R., Contraction. See AC., Bazza'/'s. R., Crural. See AC., Remoral. R., Femoral, the ab- dominal opening of the femoral canal. Rs., Fibrous (of the Heart), the fibrous bands surrounding the arterial and auriculo-ventricular orifices of the heart, and to which the muscular fibers are attached. R.-finger, the fourth digit or third finger. R.-infiltration (of the Cornea), an infiltration of cells, circular in shape, in the Having cracks, Eosinophile leukocytes RING ED laminae of the cornea, sometimes following perforating Septic wounds of the cornea. R., Inguinal. See R., Abdominal. R., Löwe's, a bright violet ring seen on looking through a solution of chromic chlorid. R., Marsh's. See A'., Arsenical. R., Maxwell’s, a faintly defined halo around the fovea when the eye rests on a homogeneous blue surface, R., Müller’s, a muscular ring observed in an advanced stage of gesta- tion, situated where the canal of the cervix joins the cavity of the body of the uterus. R.-muscle of Müller. See Muscles, Zable of R., Omphalic. See A., Umbilica/. R.-scotoma. See Scotoma. R., Spermatorrhea, a metallic ring furnished with sharp points, to be worn during sleep to prevent seminal emissions. R., Tracheal, a tracheal cartilage. R., Tympanic, an Osseous ring forming part of the tem- poral bone at the time of birth, and which de- velops into the tympanic plate. R., Umbilical, the ray-like aperture of the abdominal wall by which the umbilical cord communicates with the fetal system, and through which, in extra-uterine life, the urachus and the remains of the umbilical vessels pass to the umbilicus. R.-worm, a general term for vegetable parasitic diseases of the skin characterized by circinate lesions. R.-worm of the Beard, sycosis parasitica. R.-worm of the Body, tinea circinata. R.-worm, Burmese, a cutaneous affection occurring in Burmah, resembling, and probably identical with, the form of tinea circinata called eczema marginatum. R.- worm, Chinese, ringworm due to 7%mea imbrì- cata. R.-worm, Honeycomb, favus. R.-worm of the scalp, tinea tonsurans. R.-worm of the Thighs and Genitalia, eczema marginatum. R.-worm, Tokelan, ring-worm due to Tinea imbricata. Ringed (ringd) [ME., ring, ring]. In biology, marked with rings. R. Hair, a very rare form of canities, in which the hairs are white or colored in rings or bands. Ringent (rin/-jent) [ringi, gape, open-mouthed]. In biology, irregularly gaping ; applied to a bilabiate corolla when the throat is wide open or gaping; oppo- site of personate. Rinmann's Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Rinne’s Test. This consists in applying a vibrating tun- ing-fork with moderate pressure first over the mastoid process, leaving it there until the patient seems no longer to hear the sound, and then as quickly as pos- sible bringing it immediately in front of the external meatus, avoiding all contact with the head or ear. If the patient then is able to hear the sound of the tuning-fork once more, it indicates that the conduction through the air is better than through the bone, and zyżce zersa. Rinolite (ri/-no-lit). See Ahino/ith. Riolan, Bouquet of. See Bouquet. R., Meso- colic Arch of, the arch of mesentery attached to the transverse meso-colon. R.'s Muscle. See A/uscles, Zable of R.'s Nosegay. See AVosegay and Bou- ſyzeet. - - Ripa (ri/-pah) [ripa, a bank]. The line formed by the reflection of the endyma upon any plexus or tela of the brain, - Riparial, Riparious (ri-pa/-re-a/, ri-ſa/-re-us) [rifa, the bank of a stream or body of water]. Living on or associated with, or pertaining to the shore. Ripault Sign. See Death. Ripe (rip) [ME., ripe, ripe]. Mature. Ripening (rip/-en-ing) [ME., ripe, ripe]. Becoming mature. R. of Cataract. See Cataract. R. of Cream, the allowing of cream to sour before churning, whereby a larger amount of butter is obtained. The process is attended with a multiplication of bacteria, 1274 RIZIFORM the proper temperature for ripening being that at which the bacteria best multiply. It is attended with the production of lactic acid and various decomposition- processes. Risidontrophy (riz-id-on/-tro-ſe) [ptſa, a root]. The operation of drilling the root of a tooth. Rising (ri/-zing) [ME., risen, to rise]. A popular term for an inflammatory swelling. R. of the Lights, a popular term for pleurisy and for croup. Risipola lombarda (riz-ip-o'-la/, lom-bar/-dah). Syn- onym of Pel/agra. Risorius (ri-zo’-re-us) [ridere, to laugh]. The upper portion of the Platysma myoides. It controls certain motions of the lips and adjacent parts in laughing. See Muscles, 7able of - Ristorum (ris-toſ-rum) [L.]. A nutritive preparation of egg-yolk. Risus (riſ-zus) [L.]. A grin or laugh. R. sardoni- cus, an involuntary sardonic or convulsive grin or drawing down of the angles of the mouth in certain spasmodic or tetanic conditions. Ritgen's Method. A method of manual delivery of the fetal head. It consists in lifting the head upward and forward through the vulva, between the pains, by pressure made with the tips of the fingers upon the perineum behind the anus close to the extremity of the coccyx. Ritter’s Disease. See Dermatitis exfoliativa neona- torum and Diseases, Table of R.'s Law of Contrac- tion, “a nerve is stimulated both at the moment of the occurrence and that of the disappearance of elec- trotonus: (1) When the current is closed, the stimula- tion occurs only at the Æathode, i.e., at the moment when the kathelectrotonus takes place; (2) when the current is opened, stimulation occurs only at the anode, i. e., at the moment when the anelectrotonus dis- appears.” (Landois and Stirling.) R.'s Opening Tetanus. See Tetanus. R.'s Tetanus, a temporary tetanic state caused by sending a constant current of electricity to a nerve and then suddenly interrupting it. R.-Valli Law, “If a nerve be separated from its center, or if the center die, the excitability of the nerve is at first 772creased; the excitability then falls until it disappears entirely. . This process takes place more rapidly in the central than in the peripheral part of the nerve, so that the peripheral end of a nerve separated from its center remains excitable for a longer time than the central end.” (Landois and Stirling.) See Law. Rivallie’s Paste. A caustic made by adding concen- trated nitric acid to lint. Riverius, Salt of. An old name for normal potassic citrate. Rivini, or Rivinus, Canal of. See R., Ducts of R., Ducts of, the excretory ducts of the Sublingual gland. R., Foramen of, an opening in the tympanum, of doubtful existence. R., Glands of, the Sublingual glands. R., Notch of, a notch in the Osseous tym- panic ring, filled by Shrapnell's Membrane. , R., Seg- ment of, an opening in the upper and anterior part of the annulus tympanicus. - Rivolta’s Disease. Synonym of Actinomycosis. Rivose (ri/-vöz) [rivus, a stream, channel, groove]. In biology, marked with furrows that are sinuate rather than parallel. Rivulose (riv-u-lóz) [rivulus, a small stream]. ology, marked with small sinuate lines. Rivus (riſ-zus) [L., “a stream: pl., Kivi J. Any one of the smaller conduits of the subarachnoidean Space. R. lacrymalis. See Palpebra. Riziform (riz'-if-orm). Having an appearance resem- bling grains of rice. In bi- RizzoLI-ESMARCH OPERATION Rizzoli-Esmarch Operation. An operation for the relief of ankylosis of the lower jaw, consisting in mak- ing a section of the ramus. See Operations, Zable of Roads, Animal. See Zoëcurrent. Roaring (rór/-ing) [ME., rorem, to roar]. . A disease of horses that causes them to make a singular noise in breathing under exertion. The disease is due to paral- ysis and wasting of certain laryngeal muscles, usually of the left side, resulting in a narrowing of the glottis. Roasting (rost/-ing) [ME., rosten, to roast]. The ap- plication of heat to a degree less than that of car- bonization, as the roasting of coffee : torrefaction. Rob, Robb [Arab.]. A confection made of fruit-juice, especially of that of the mulberry. Roberts’ Macula. See Macula. R. Pelvis, the ankylosed transversely contracted pelvis. See Pelvis. R. Reagent, to five volumes of filtered saturated solution of magnesium sulphate add one volume of strong nitric acid; it is used to obviate the objections to nitric acid in Heller’s test. Proceed as in Heller's test. R. Test. See Tests, Zable of. Robertson's Pupil. See Pupil. Robin’s Fluid. A fluid used in the microscopic study of the blood. It consists of distilled water containing one per cent. of chlorid of sodium, and one-half of one per cent. of bichlorid of mercury. Robin’s Gelatin Vehicle. A warm, flowing mass for injecting tissues. One part of gelatin is soaked in seven, eight, nine, or ten parts of water, according to the consistency of the mass desired, and when soft is melted on a water-bath. This vehicle is then com- bined with any of the coloring-matters employed in in- jecting tissues in the proportion of one part color to three parts vehicle. Filter through flannel before in- jecting. R.'s Rye. See Hair-cap Moss. Robinia (ro-bin/-e-ah) [after Jean Robin, the royal gardener at Paris (1550-1629)]. A genus of legumi- nous shrubs indigenous in North America. R. amara, of China, is used as a stomachic tonic. R. pseudacacia, the locust-tree of North America. Various parts of it are used by eclectic physi- cians. The bark is said to be emetic and cathar- tic, the flowers antispasmodic. Cases of poisoning from chewing the root are recorded in which the symptoms resembled those of belladonna-intoxica- tion. Robinin (ro'-bin-in) [after Robin, a French gardener], C.s HoOls. A glucosid obtained from the fresh flowers of the locust-tree. Robinson’s Ointment. An ointment used in treating eczema of the beard. It consists of diachylon and zinc-oxid ointments, each 3 ss; ammoniated-mercury ointment, 3 iij; bismuth submitrate, 3 iss. R.'s Patent Barley, a farinaceous food for infants. Its composition is : water, Io. IO; fat, O.97; grape-sugar, 3.08; cane-Sugar, O.90; starch, 77.76; soluble carbo- hydrates, 4. II ; albuminoids, 5. I3; gum, cellulose, etc., I.93 ; ash, I.93. Robiquet’s Paste. A caustic paste consisting of equal parts of zinc chlorid and flour with gutta-percha. It is firm and tenacious. - Robor (ro/-bor) [L.]. Strength. Roborant (ro/-bo-rant) [roður, an oak ; also strength]. Tonic. Strengthening. Robur (ro'-bur). See Robor. Roburite (ro/-bu-rit) [robur, strength]. An explosive composed of dinitrobenzene, chloronitrobenzene, and ammonium nitrate. Its fumes, when inhaled by miners, cause headache, vertigo, vomiting, etc. Robust (ro-bus/) [robustus; robus, robur, an oak- tree]. Strong; vigorous. 1275 ROLLE, PLANE OF Roccella, Rocella (roż-se/-ah, ro-se/-a/). A genus of lichens. R. tinctoria, litmus-plant, archil; a spe- cies growing in the Canary Islands, Africa, and Europe. It yields litmus. Roccellic (rok-se/-ić). Related to or derived from A'occella. R. Acid, C17H32O, a dibasic acid ob- tained from AEoccella tinctoria and Zecazzora Zaz- farea. Roccellin (rok-se/-īn). A dye consisting of the sodium salt of 8-naphthalazonaphthalinsulphonic acid. See Orseillin. Roche’s Embrocation. An embrocation containing amber-oil. Rochelle Salt (ro-shel/-sawl/). See Potassium, Rock (rok) [ME., rocée, rock]. A mass of stone. R.-candy. See Saccharum. R.-fever. See Medi- terrazzeazz Fever. R.-oil. See Petroleezzº. R.- rose. See Aelianthemum. R.-tripe. See Gyro- phora. R.-weed. See Fucus. Rockdale System. See Sewage, Oisposal of Rocky Mountain Fever. A form of typhoid fever occurring at high altitudes; mountain fever. Rod [ME., rod, rod]. I. One of numerous slender rod-like or bacillary structures, as in the retina. 2. A shoot or slender stem of any woody plant. Rs., Acoustic. See Rs. of Corti. Rs., Auditory. See A’s. of Corti. R.-bacterium, any member of the genus bacillus. Rs. of Corti. See Corti. R.-epi- thelium, the striated cells lining certain structures, as the ducts of the salivary glands and the convoluted portions of the uriniferous tubules of the kidney. Rs. of Heidenhain, the rod-like cells of the renal tubules. See A's., Mizºrace//u/ar. Rs., Intracellular, the fibrillae of rod-like cells. Rs. of Koenig. See Ranig. Rs., Muscle : I. sarcous elements of the contrac- tile disc of a muscle-fiber. 2. ROUs TUBULES. The rod-shaped elements form- I. On the flat with ing the non-contractile part of a interlºº, º tºº * * * ge, muscle-fiber (Schäfer). Rs. of showing rod died the Retina, cylindric bodies character of outer found in the layer of rods and ºn. (**** cones of the retina. ROD – E PIT H E L I UM FROM THE URINIFE- ling.) Rodent (ro/-dent) [rodere, to gnaw]. Eating; gnaw- ing. R. Cancer. See R. Ulcer. R. Ulcer, Jacob's ulcer; cancroid ulcer; ulcus excedens; noli me tan- gere; a carcinomatous ulceration of the skin, generally held to be a form of epithelioma, occurring usually in the eyelid or the side of the nose, and frequently per- sisting for years before developing malignancy. Rodostrophone (ro-dos/-tro-ſon). An instrument for transmitting articular sounds from the skull of one person directly to that of another. Rodrigues’ Aneurysm. See Aneurysm and Diseases, Table of. Roederer’s Obliquity. See Obliquity. Rokitansky's Disease. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. See Diseases, Table of R.'s Theory, a theory of inflammation in which it is supposed that the first step in the inflammatory process is a sweating out of a fluid from the blood-vessels, and that in this fluid cells are formed. Rolando, Arciform Fibers of. White fibers curving around the lower border of the olivary body and around the sides of the medulla. R., Column of. See Column. R., Fissure of. See Fºsszeres, 7&b/e of R., Funicle of. See Funiculus. R., Nucleus of. See AVucleus. R., Tubercle of. See Tubercle. Rolle, Plane of. See Plane. ROLLER Roller (ro'-ler) [ME., rol/e, a roll]. A long strip of cloth varying from one to six inches or more in width, made, for convenience, into a cylindric roll. Rollet, Delomorphous Cells of. See Delomorphous. Roman Ocher. Same as Ocher. R. Theory, of Marchiafava and Celli, as to the nature of the crescentic forms of the parasites found in the blood of malarial patients. According to this theory, the crescents are sterile forms and do not reproduce new bodies. Man- naberg’s theory considers them as conjugation-forms, or syzygies. See Syzygies. R. White. Same as White Alead. Romberg's Sign or Symptom. The increased inco- ordination of movement in tabes caused by placing the feet in juxtaposition and closing the eyes. It is also called the Brach-A'omberg Symptom. See Signs and Symptoms, Zab/e of. Romershausen's Eye-water. A wash frequently employed in chronic ophthalmic catarrh. It is a mix- ture of fennel water and tincture of fennel. Röntgen Rays. See X-A’ays. Root [ME., rooſe, root]. The place of origin of a nerve ; the proximal and cutaneous end of a hair; the intra-alveolar portion of a tooth. The base of an organ. See A'adºx. In biology, the descending axis of a plant, originating in the radicle of the embryo. It fixes the plant in the soil and absorbs nutrition. It differs from a stem in producing no buds or branches. Rs., Aërial or Adventitious, those springing from the stem above ground for climbing or bracing pur- poses, e.g., ivy, corn. R., Anterior (of the auditory nerve), the root of the auditory nerve arising from the large-celled auditory nucleus. R., Anterior (of the zygoma), a ridge passing from the temporal portion of the zygoma to the squamous portion of the temporal bone. R., Antero-lateral (of the optic tract), that strand of fibers arising from the optic thalamus and passing through the geniculate body. R., Ascend- ing (of the auditory nerve), those fibers of the auditory nerve which arise from the median line of the oblongata (Roller). R., Ascending (of the fifth nerve), those fibers of the sensory root of the fifth nerve which have their origin in a group of cells in the gelatinous sub- stance of the medulla. R., Brazil, an old name for Jøecac. R.-cap, a mass of tissue that covers like a helmet the growing-point of every root. R., Deep (of the auditory nerve). See AE., Anterior (of the auditory nerve). R., Descending (of the ſºft/; nerve), those fibers of the motor root of the fifth nerve having their origin in the gray substance of the aqueduct of Sylvius. R., External (of the olfactory nerve), those fibers of the olfactory nerve which have their origin in the insula. R.-fillings, fillings of different ma- terials inserted into the pulp-canals of the teeth. R.- form, applied to that form of an insect, if it has two forms, which it assumes when infesting roots, as in A hy//oxera vastafrir, the grape-vine pest. R., Gray (of //e offactory nerve). See R., Middle (of the o/actory nerve). R.-hairs, slender filaments growing from the epidermis of the younger roots which increase the power of absorption. R., Inferior Auditory, the posterior of the two roots which unite to form the auditory nerve. R.-leaf. Same as radic/e leaſ, apparently springing from the root, but really from a short stem. R.-louse. See Phylloxera and Schizomeura. R.-neck (Collet), the point of union between the root and the stem of a plant, or where the radicle and the plumule of the embryo unite. R.-parasite, a plant parasitic upon the root of another. R.-pressure, in biology, a force exerted in plants by which the water absorbed from the soil by the roots in greater quantity than required drives the sap up the stem. R.-sheath, the thick layer of tissue covering 1276 ROSACEOUS the radicle of grasses, etc., and which is ruptured on germination ; it is called also Coleorhiza. R.-sheath (of hair), the epithelium of the hair-follicle. R.- stock, in biology, (I) a rhizome ; (2) a cormus or rhizocaulus. R.-symptoms (of Gowers), in com- pression of the spinal cord. The functions of the nerve-roots are interfered with at the level of the mor- bid process. A second class of coexistent symptoms are denominated by Gowers as Cord-symptoms, and consist in interference with the function of the cord itself. R.-trimmer, an instrument for shaping and reducing the roots of natural teeth in crown and bridge work. R.-zone, a name given to the columns of Burdach in the spinal cord. Rootlet [Dan., rod, a root]. A little root. Roquefort Cheese. See Cheese. Rorulent (ro/-ru-lent) [roru/entus, full of dewl. In biology, covered with a powdery bloom. Rosa (ro/-zah) [L., gen., rosae]. A genus of the family rosaceae, the rose. R. Acidum, Infus. (B.P.) Dose 3.j-ij. R., Aqua, pale rose 40, water 200 parts, mixed and distilled. R., Aq., Ung., cold cream ; oil of almond 50, spermaceti, white wax aa Io, rose- water 30 parts. A useful emollient. R. Caninae Confectio (B. P.). Dose 3.j—ij. R. canina, the dog- rose, a European plant four to eight feet high. Rosae caninae, Fructus. Hips. These are the enlarged calyx- tubes, not the fruit. They have a sweet, acidulous, rather astringent taste, and are inodorous. For medic- inal use, the fleshy calyx-tube is employed, the akenes being removed. The pulp contains malic and citric acids. Confectio rosae caninae, prepared from hips, R. centifolia, pale rose; hundred-leaved rose, prob- ably a native of Western Asia, but cultivated in all countries. The petals alone are used, and are roundish obovate, pink in color, having a delicious odor, due to a volatile oil, and a sweetish, rather bitter and astrin- gent taste. The chief constituents are tannin, fat, resin, sugar, mucilage, a bitter principle, malates, tan- nates, phosphates, and a coloring-matter. The petals are used in the distillation of Aqua rosae, and dried in preparing Syrupus sarsaparilla comp. R., Confectio, red rose 8, sugar 64, honey I2, rose-water 16 parts. A basis for pills, R., Damascena. See Attar of Rose. R., Ext., Fld. Dose muw-gij. R. gallica, red rose; rose rouge. A native of Southern Europe and the Levant, but extensively cultivated. The buds are collected, the petals cut off near the base and rapidly dried. The chemic constituents are nearly identical with those of pale rose. Confectio rosae, red rose 8 parts, sugar 64, honey I2, rose-water I6 parts. Used as a basis for pills. Infus. rosae acidum, dried red rose petals broken up 9% troy-ounce, diluted sulphuric acid I fluidram, boiling distilled water Io fluid- ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for half an hour and strain. Extr. rosae fluid., red rose in No. 30 powder IOO gm., glycerin IO gm., dilute alcohol to make IOO c. c. Pack the mixture in a percolator, and add enough of the menstruum to saturate the powder and leave a stratum above. Used in gargles and mouth-washes. Syrupus rosae, made from the fluid extract. Mel rosae, honey of rose. Red rose in No. 140 powder 8 parts, clarified honey 92 parts, dilute alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 200 parts. R. solis (“Rose of the sun ''), a cordial or liqueur, flavored with cassia bark and orange-flower. Cf. A’osoglio. Rosacea (ro-za/-se-ah). See Acme rosacea. Rosaceous (ro-za/-she-us) [rosa, a rose]. Rose-like; rose-red. In biology, a term descriptive of flowers that have five spreading, clawless, or short-clawed pet- als, as the flowers of the apple, rose, etc. ROSANILIN Rosanilin (ro-zan/-iſ-in). [rosa, rose; ani/inj, Cao H21- NaO. A derivative of anilin. It crystallizes from alcohol and hot water in colorless needles or plates. It reddens on exposure, and when heated suffers decomposition. Its salts are employed as dyes. R.- blue; Triphenyl rosanilin, Spirit-blue. An anilin- blue derived from coal-tar, used for dyeing, and solu- ble in spirit (alcohol). It is prepared by heating rosanilin with an excess of anilin and some benzoic acid. It gives a very pure blue to silks. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of ~ R.-violet. See Pigments, Conspectus of Rosary (ro/-2ar-e) [rosa, a rose]. A rope suspended from the ceiling of a room, and strung with blocks a foot or eighteen inches apart. It is used in gymnastic training. In biology, applied to the string of eggs of certain batrachians (Alytes obstetricans). R., Rachi- tic. See Zºachzężs. Rose (rùz) [rosa, a rose]. I. A flower of a plant of the genus Aºosa. 2. A synonym in Scotland for Ery- sipelas. 3. A tetronerythrin pigment around the eyes of certain birds. R. des Alpes. Same as Daphnin. R.-anilin. See Azalein. R., Bengale. See A'ig- ments, Conspectus of R.-catarrh. See Hay-ſever. R.-cold. See Hay-fever. R.-fever, a condition resembling hay-fever, in which the emanations from the rose are the exciting cause. R.-lake. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of R.-madder. See Pigments, Con- spectus of R.-pink, a chromatic crimson-pink color. R.-pearl. See Celluloid. R.—rash. See Erythema and Roseola. R.-ringed, having a collar of rose-red feathers. R.-sickness. See Pelade, Pellagra. R.- vinegar, an infusion of rose-leaves in vinegar. It is used as a local application in headache. R.-water, water tinctured with oil of roses by distillation. R.- wood, the wood of several varieties of tropical plants, notably the Dalbergia. Rosein (ro/-ze-in). See Fuchsin and Magenta. Rosellin (ro-ze/-in). See Pigments, Conspectus of Rosemary (roz/-ma-re). See Rosmarinus. Rosen's Liniment. A liniment composed of oil of nut- meg, spirit of juniper, and oil of cloves. Rosenbach’s Bacilli. See Aacteria, Synonymatic Zable of R.'s Sign. Absence of movement of the abdominal muscles in inflammatory intestinal disease. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Rosenmüller, Accessory Gland of. See Gland of Rosenmüller. R., Body of. See Parovarium. R.'s Fossa. See Aossa. R.’s Glands. See Glazed. R.'s Organ, the parovarium, g. v. Rosenstrehl's Green. Same as Manganese Green. Rosenthal, Canal of. See Canal. R.'s Hyperacid Vomiting. See Aossbach’s Disease. R.'s Paste, a paste used in treating sycosis. It consists of tannic acid, 75 grains; precipitated sulphur, 2% drams; powdered starch and zinc oxid, each I WA drams; vas- elin, I }, ounces. M. S. To be used at night. R.'s Test, a test for commencing vertebral disease, made by pressing one pole of a faradic battery in contact with the front of the body, and passing the other pole along the spine. If disease exists, pain will be felt. Roseola (ro-ze/-o- lah) [roseus, rosy]. Rose-rash, or erythema. The name is also given to other diseases, such as Rubella, or German measles. See Ery- thema. R. aestivalis. See Erythema roseola. R. annulata. See Erythema roseola. R. autumnalis. See Erythema roseola. R., Balsamic. See Erythema. R. cholerica, an eruption which often appears upon the ninth day of an attack of cholera. R., Circinal, a form with ring-shaped eruptions. R. circinata. Synonym of Pityriasis rosea. R., Epidemic. See Rö/he/n, also Rubeola. R. febrilis, a name given to 1277 ROSOGLIO the AErythema roseola occurring in malaria. R., Herpetic, R., Miliary, a form attended with the for- mation of vesicles. R. infantilis. See Erythemua roseola. R., Rheumatic, the reddish eruption that appears in rheumatism. R., Secondary, R., Symp- tomatic, roseola occurring as a secondary symptom of other disorder. R., Syphilitic, Syphilitic Æx- anthem, AErythematous Sºphilid; Macze/ar Syphilia!, the earliest of the skin-manifestations of syphilis. It arises usually six or seven weeks from the first appearance of the initial lesion. It is a diffuse mot- tling or marbling of the skin in spots the size of the finger-tip, or smaller, with ill-defined and irregular borders. The color at first is a bright rose-pink, dis- appearing on pressure, but it soon becomes purplish or yellow. Favorite seats are the front of the trunk, flank, back, and flexor surfaces of limbs. It lasts from one to four weeks. R. typhosa, the typhoid rash. R. vaccina, an erythematous eruption appearing from the third to the eighteenth day after vaccination, analogous to that seen sometimes at the onset of vari- ola. The eruption consists of red maculae, at times reaching the size of the palm, commencing usually upon the arms, and thence spreading at times all over the body. Roseolar (ro-ze/-o-lar) [roseus, rosy]. exhibiting roseola. Roseoloid (ro-ze/-o-loid). Same as AEoseolous. Roseolous (ro-ze/-o-lus) [roseus, rosy]. Having the character of roseola. Roseous (ro’-ze-us) [roseus, rosy]. Rose-colored. Roser's Method. The dependent position of the head in operations on the respiratory passages, to prevent blood flowing into the trachea. R.'s Line. See Mine. R.'s Position. See Position. R.'s Theory of Inflammation. See under Theory. Roser-Nélaton Line. A synonym of AVélaton’s Line. See Zinzes, Zable of Roset, Rosette (ro-zet/). See Aaryokinesis. Rosewood-oil. “A pale-yellow, viscid, volatile oil, having an odor resembling that of sandal-wood or rosewood, and obtained by distillation with water from a kind of rosewood” (Cent. Dict.). Rosin (roz/- in ) [a variation of resin). See Resina, and Colophony AEesin. R.-grease. See R.-oil. R.- oil, a violet-blue fluorescent liquid, varying in specific gravity from .98 to I. I, obtained by dry distillation. from colophony resin. It is largely used as a lubri- cant, especially for machinery and wagon-wheels. It is used in the condition of “rosin-grease ’’ (made by stirring rosin-oil with milk of lime), and largely as a substitute for linseed-oil in the manufacture of printers’ ink. R.-plant. Same as Ā’.-weed. R.-soap, a soap made of rosin and soda or potash. R.-weed, Compass Plant. The plant Siphium laciniatum secretes an oleo-resin commonly used as a chewing-gum. Tonic, alterative, and emetic. Dose of fla, ext, 3 ss—j. Unof. Rosinol (roz/-in-o/). See A’e/ino/. Rosmal (rog/-mal). A commercial name for liquid Storax. Rosmarinus (roz - ma - ri/- mus) [ros, dew ; marinus, marine: gen., A'osmarini]. Rosemary. The leaves of R. officinalis. Its properties are due to a volatile oil and a resinous principle. It is somewhat useful as an external stimulant in liniments and lotions. R., Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose muj-v. R., Spiritus. (B. P.) Dose muj—v. Rosoglio or Rosolio (ro-så/-yo) [Ital.]. I. A kind of red wine. 2. A cordial highly popular in the Mediter ranean region. The plant called sundew (Drosera) is believed to be used in making some brands of this liqueur. Pertaining to or ROSOLENE 1 Rosolene (roz/-o-lèn) [rosin, a variation of resin; oleum, oil]. The oily distillate of colophony. Rosolic (ro-zo/-ić) [ME., rose, rose]. Relating to rosanilin. R. Acid. See Acid and Azarin. R. Blue. Same as Azulizz. Rossalia, Rossania (ros-a/-le-ah, ros-a/-ne-ah). Syn- onym of Scarlatina. * Rossbach’s Disease. See Diseases, Zable of Rostel (rosſ-tel) [rostellum, a little beak]. Same as A’ostel/zemz. Rostellar (ros-tel/-ar) [rostellum, a little beak]. Per- taining to a rostellum. Rostellate (ros-te/-ät) [rostellum, a little beak]. Hav- ing a small rostrum. Rostelliform (ros-te/-iſ-orm) [rostel/um, a rostellum ; forma, form]. Having the form of a rostel. Rostellum (ros-te/-um) [dim, of rostrum, a beak; pl., A'ostella]. In biology: (a) A little beak; the hook- bearing or spine-bearing portion of the head of certain worms; (6) A peculiar viscid modification of the upper stigma of the three confluent styles in many orchids, which holds the retinaculum or disc to which the pollen-masses are attached. Rostral (rosſ-tra/) [rostrum, beak]. I. Pertaining to or resembling a rostrum. 2. See Cephalic. Rostrate (rosſ-frat) [rostrum, a beak]. In biology, furnished with a beak, or a beak-like process or ex- tension. Rostriferous (ros-trif'-er-us) [rostrum, beak; ferre, to bear]. Having a beak or rostrum. Rostriform (rosſ-trif-orm) . [rostrum, beak; forma, form]. Shaped like a rostrum. Rostroid (rosſ-froid). Same as Rostriform. Rostrular (rosſ-tru - lar) [rostrulum, a small beak]. Pertaining to a rostrulum. Rostrulate (rosſ-tru - lat) [rostrulum, a small beak]. In biology, provided with a rostrulum. Rostrulum (rosſ-fru-ſum) [dim, of rostrum, a beak, snout: pſ., Rostrula]. In biology, a term for the peculiar mouth-parts of fleas. Rostrum (rosſ-trum) [L., the beak (of a bird): £7, A'ostrums or Aºostra]. A projection or ridge, as the rostrum of the sphenoid or of the corpus callosum. The ventral continuation of the genu of the callosum. In biology, a beak or snout or proboscis; a beak-like Structure. Rosula (roz/-u-la/) [dim. of rosa, a rose]. Rosular (roz/-u-lar). Same as Ā’osulate. Rosulate (roz/-u-la/) [rosa, a rose]. In biology, hav- ing the leaves arranged in the form of a roset. Rosy (ro/-ze) [ME., rose, rose]. Blushing; like a rose. R.-colored, having a rosy color. R.-drop, acne rosacea; grog-blossoms; brandy-face. See Rosacea. Rot [ME., rot, rot]. To suffer putrefactive fer- mentation. In biology: (a) Loosely applied to various processes of organic disintegration, dissolu- tion, decomposition, or decay; (b) A disease of sheep due to the fluke, Fasciola hepatica, also called water- not, ſºuke-rot, bazze, pourritzere, cachexie aqueuse, Æge/- seuche, Zeberkrankheit, Fäule, R., Dry, a form of decomposition of wood-tissue due to chemic or fun- goid change. R., Potato. See Mildew. Rotate (ro/-tät) [rotare, to revolve]. Wheel-shape. In dentistry, the term implies the turning of a tooth on its axis. R.-plane, in biology, wheel-shaped and flat. Rotating (ro-ta/-ting) [rofare, to revolve]. Revolving. R. Devices, appliances, either single or double, for correcting torsion of single-rooted teeth. Rotation (ro-ta/-shum) [roſare, to rotate]. I. Turning with a circular motion. That movement in a joint by which the bone rotates on its own axis, as in the A roset. 78 ROUND atlas and axis, also the hip-joint and the shoulder- joint. 2. A Swedish rotatory movement, by which the different joints are brought into motion within their natural limits. The aim is to lengthen and shorten the veins, so as to produce a sucking of their contents, thus stimulating the circulation and assisting the heart in its action. R. of Protoplasm, applied to the movement of the whole mass of protoplasm in a cell revolving on its own axis and carrying with it the grains and granules contained in it. Cf. Cyclosis. R.-stage of Labor, one of the stages of labor, con- sisting in a rotatory movement of the fetal head or other presenting part, whereby it is accommodated to the birth-canal. It may be internal, occurring before the birth of the presenting part, or external, occurring afterward. Rotator (ro-ta/-tor) [rotare, to turn]. Any mechanical device that produces rotation. Also, the name of sev- eral muscles that turn the parts to which they are attached. Roth, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Zable of Rothein (ro/-te-in). Same as Phenyl-brown. Rötheln (rat/-eln). See Rubeola. Rotiferous (ro-Zif/-er- us) [roſa, a wheel; ferre, to bear]. In biology, having a wheel. Rotiform (ro'-ºf-orm) [rota, a wheel; forma, form]. Shaped like a wheel; rotate. Rotten (rot/- m) [ME., rotem, rotten]. sulting from natural decomposition. Rotterin (rot/-er-in) [after Rotter, of Munich]. A soluble, non-toxic antiseptic introduced by Rotter, of Munich. Rottlera (rot-le/-rah). See Kamala. Rotula (rot/-u-lah) [L., dim. of rota, wheel; pl., Rot- The state re- aula]. Any small, circular body. The patella or knee-cap. In biology, a radial piece in the oral skel- eton of certain echinoderms. Rotulad (rot/-u-lad) [rofula, a little wheel]. Toward the rotular aspect. Rotular (rot/-u-lar) [rofula, a little wheel]. Of or per- taining to the rotula, or to the patella, e. g., the patel- lar aspect of a limb; opposed to pop/iteal. Rotulen (rot/-u-ſen) [rofula, a little wheel]. Belonging to the rotula in itself. Rotuliform (rot/- at - lif-orm) [rotula, a little wheel; forma, a form]. Shaped like a rotula. Rotund (ro-fund') [roſa, a wheel]. In biology, hav- ing a rounded outline. Rotundate (ro-tun/-dāt) [rotundus, round]. Rounded off. Rotundifolious (ro-fun-dif-o/-/e-us) [rotundus, round; folium, leaf J. In biology, having round leaves. Roubain Blue. Same as Coupier's Blue. Roucou (roo/-Aoo). Same as Ammotto. See Pigments, Conspectus of Rouge (roozh) [Fr.]. A dye made from the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, used as a cosmetic. Also, any cosmetic for producing a flush of the skin. Also, the form of ferric oxid known as crocus martis and colco- thar, used for polishing glass, R., Végétal. Same as Carthamim. Rouge's Operation. See Operations, Table of Rouget, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table. Roulet, Roulette (roo-let/)[Fr., a “roller”]. A roller, or light wheel, used in some forms of massage, and in the application of labile currents of electricity. Round [ME., round, round]. In anatomy, applied to various parts having a nearly circular section. R. Fora- men, a foramen of the sphenoid bone transmitting the second or superior maxillary branch of the fifth pair of nerves. R.-headed, having a round head. ROUNDEL R. Ligaments of the Uterus, a name given to two cords originating in the superior lateral parts of the uterus and terminating in the areolar tissue of the groins and labia. R.-shouldered, having the shoul- ders drooped. R. Ulcer, a name given to simple ulcer of the stomach. R. Window of the Ear. See Arenestra rotunda. R.-worm, ascaris lumbricoides. See 7%read-zworms. - - Roundel (rown/-del) [ME., roundel, anything round and flat]. The bone button removed by the trephine. Rounder (rown/-der). See Aounding. Rounding (rown/-ding) [ME., round, round]. A term given to that propensity manifested by certain hypo- chondriac individuals to run the round of all the free dispensaries in a vicinity. Such patients are termed “ rozzzzders.” Roup (roop). A contagious disease of poultry, charac- terized by offensive breath, discharge from the nostrils, and swollen face and eyes. It is probably tuberculous in nature, and is very commonly fatal. Rousseau's Laudanum. See Laudanum. Roussel’s Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of Roussillon (roo-se-yon(g)') [Fr.]. A sweet red wine, used as a substitute for port. It contains from II to I6 per cent. of alcohol. - Roussin's Fluid. A fluid used in the microscopy of the blood. It consists of glycerin three parts, sulphuric acid one part, with water sufficient to reduce the specific gravity to I.O28. Royal (roi/-al) [ME., rotal, royal]. king; kingly. R. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of R. Fern. See Buckhorn Fern. R. Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. R. Suture, a form of suture used in the treatment of hernia. See Suture. Rubber (rub/-er) [origin uncertain]. Caoutchouc; india-rubber. R.-dam, or Coffer-dam, Barnum’s, consists of a small piece of sheet-rubber, or rubber cloth, about six inches wide and from six to ten inches long, used for preventing the saliva and breath from interfering with the operation of filling teeth. It is secured by ligatures and clamps. R.-dam Clamps, flexible steel clamps to prevent the rubber-dam from being forced off the tooth by movements of the lips and tongue, and also useful in forcing the rubber higher up on the tooth, and pressing it aside to facilitate access to the cavity. See Clamp. R.-dam Holder, consists of an elastic ribbon, attached to two oval plates, upon which spring catches are adjusted to hold the rubber. R.-dam Punch, an instrument used for perforating the rubber-dam for the reception of the teeth. R.-dam Weights, small weights of metal intended to be suspended from the free ends or borders of the dam, to keep it out of the way of the operator. R., Hard. See Vulcanite. R., India, or R., Indian, Caoutchouc, q.v. Also, see Vulcaniſe Aase. - Rubbers (rub’-ers). - Rubbing (rub/-ing). One of the methods of carrying out massage. See Massage. Rubedo (ru-be’-do) [ ruber, red J. ness of the skin; blushing. Rubefacient (ru-be-ſa/-se-ent) [ruber, red; facere, to make]. I. Causing redness of the skin. 2. A medicine or agent that by irritation of the ends of the nerve-filaments of the skin causes distention of the capillaries and reddening of the skin. Rubefaction (ru-be-fak/-shun) [rubeſacere, to make red]. Redness of the skin produced by a rubefacient. Rubella (ru-bel/-ah) [dim, of ruber, red]. A synonym of Rubeola, g. v., Röthelm, or German Measles. This term is also vaguely applied to other somewhat similar affections attended with slight eruptions. Pertaining to a See Scab. Any diffused red- 1279 RUBRESERIN Ruben’s Madder. See Pigments, Conspectus of Rubeola (ru-be/-o-Zah) [rubeus, red]. Rötheln; Kubella, or German Measles; French Measſes; an acute, specific, exanthematous, contagious disease of childhood, char- acterized by enlargement of the superficial lymphatic glands, especially those of the neck, by catarrhal Symp- toms, and by an eruption appearing first upon the face and scalp, and consisting of small rose-colored spotszººſt is followed by a slight, branny desquamation. he period of incubation is usually eleven or twelve days. The term rubeola was formerly used synonymously with measles. See A.canthemata, 7able of R. confluens. See Scarlet Pever. R. maligna. Syno- nym of Black Measles. R. nigra, R. scorbutica, black measles. R. notha, an anomalous form of measles, with a papular eruption, the papulae not being arranged in crescentic clusters, being less obvious, and not appearing at all, or showing themselves but imper- fectly, on the limbs. The patches are of dusky hue, and there is no distinct sore-throat, but considerable constitutional disturbance. R. scarlatinosa. See Scarlatina. R. vulgaris. See Measles. Rubeolar (ru-be’-o-lar) [rubeus, red]. Of the nature of or pertaining to rubeola. Rubeoloid (rue-be’-o-ſoid) [rubeus, red; eiðoc, like]. Resembling rubeola. Rubescence (ru-bes’-ens) [rubescere, to become red]. Blushing; redness of countenance or complexion. Rubescent (ru-bes’-ent) [rubere, to be red]. Blush- ing; becoming red. Rubiacin (ru - biº-as-in). See Pigments, Conspectus 07. Réund (ru/-bié-und) [rubicundus, very red]. Rud- dy; inclined to redness. Rubidin (ru/-hid-in). See Orseillin. Rubidium (ru-bid/-e-um) [rubidus, red]. Rb = 85.3; quantivalence I. One of the rare alkaline metals, resembling potassium in physical and chemic proper- ties. See Blements, Zable of R.-alum, an alum much resembling potash-alum, but less soluble in water. In Europe alum prepared from the mineral, bepidolite, sometimes contains a considerable propor- tion of rubidium-alum. Unof. R.-ammonium Bromid, RbBr(NH, Br), a double salt of rubidium, introduced as a substitute for potassium bromid. It is a white, crystalline powder, having a cooling, saline taste, and is readily soluble in water. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative, with special recommendation in the treatment of epilepsy. Dose I to 2 drams, in divided doses, best given in mixture with syrups flavored with lemon or orange. It has not been adopted generally, although endorsed by good author- ities, and it is comparatively little known. R. Bro- mid, a serviceable but expensive substitute for po- tassium bromid. Unof. R. Chlorid, unof., lowers the pulse-rate and raises the arterial tension. Dose gr. ii-V. Rubiginose (ru-bij/-in-Öz) [rubiginosus, rusty]. Brown- red. Rubiginous (rù-bij/-in-us) [rubiginosus]. ored. Rubigo (ru-bi/-go). See Rust. Rubijervin (ru-āj-er/-vin) [rubeus, red; ſerva, green hellebore root], C.s HaNO,. An alkaloid of Vera- trzemz albumz. Rubin. Same as Fuchsin. Rubini's Tincture of Camphor. See Camphor. Rubor (ru/-bor). [L.] The redness or discoloration due to inflammation. Rubores (ru-bor’-az). Synonym of Scarlatina. Rubreserin (ru-bres/-er-in). A product of the decome position of physostigmin. Rust-col- RUBRICOSE Rubricose (ru/-brić-03) [rubricosus, full of red earth]. In biology, marked with red. Rubula (ru/-bu-Jah). See Frambaesia. Rubus (ru/-bus) [L., gen, Rubi]. Blackberry. The bark of several species of Æuðus. It contains about Io per cent. of tannic acid, to which its properties are mainly due. It is useful in the summer complaints of ildren. Dose gr. xv-xxx. R. chamaemorus, the cloud-berry. It is used in Russia as a diuretic and sudorific, the berries, leaves, and flowers being em- ployed in infusion or extract. Unof. R., Ext., Fld. Dose mux–3.j. R. idaeus, Raspberry, the fruit of Several species of rubus. It contains various fruit-acids, flavors, etc. It is used as a flavor for syrups. R. id., Syr., contains the clarified juice of the fruit with sugar Q. S. _R., Syr., flá, ext, rubus 25, syrup 75 parts. Dose 3.j-3.j. R., Syr., Aromat., unof., contains the root- bark with cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, etc. Each fluid- ounce contains gr. xxx of the drug. Ructamen (ruk-ta/-men) [L., p7, Ructamina]. A ructation. Ructation (ruk-ta/-shum) [ructatio]. belching of wind. Ructus (ruk/-tus) [L.]. A belching of wind from the stomach. R. hystericus, hysteric belching, the gas escaping with a loud, sobbing, gurgling noise. Rudbeckia (rud-bek/-e-ah) [after Olaus Rudbeck, a Swedish botanist]. A genus of composite-flowered plants, chiefly North American ; cone-flowers. R. laciniata, and R. purpurea, are diuretic and altera- tive. See Thimbleweed. Unof. Ruddy (rud/-e) [ME., ruddy, ruddy]. Of a red color, reddish. Ruderal (ru/-der-a/) [rudus, rubbish, stones broken small and mixed with lime]. In biology, growing among rubbish. Rudiment (ru/-dim-ent) [rudimentum, a beginning]. In biology, a part or organ in a primary stage, or aborted or remaining as a functionless trace of some- thing once important to the organism. Cf. Anlage, and Profon. Rudimentary (ru-dim-en’-to-re) [rudimentum, a rudi- ment]. In an undeveloped or unfinished state. R. Organ, one whose development was arrested before reaching a state of normal growth. Rue (ru). See Ruta. Rufescent (ru:/es/-ent). color. Rufous. Ruficarmin (ru -/ſ/. - ar/- min) [rufus, red; carmin]. A bright-red substance obtained by heating carmin and water. See Pigments, Conspectus of Ruficoccin (ru-ſik-o/-sin). A brick-red animal color- ing-matter obtained from carmic acid by heating with concentrated H,SO, to #20° C. (248° F.). It is solu- ble in alcohol with a yellow fluorescence. men/s, Cons/ec/us of Rufigallic Acid (ru:ſig-a/-ä). See Acid. Rufous (ru/-fus) [ruſus, red]. Reddish-brown. Ruga (ru/-ga/) [L., a wrinkle ; //, /ēugar J. I. A wrinkle, furrow, crease, or ridge, as, e.g., in the mu- cosa of the stomach, vagina, etc. 2. A fold of pia on the ental surface of the piarachnoid. Rugine (riz'-gin, or ru/-zhèn) [Fr.]. A surgeon's rasp, or scraper. Rugitus (ru-gi/-fus). See Bombus. Rugose (ru/-göz) [ruga, a wrinkle]. face that is rough or wrinkled. Rugosity (ru-gos/-īt-e) [rugositas, the state of being wrinkled]. A condition of being in folds, or wrinkles. Roughness. Rugous (ru/-gus). Ruhmkorff Coil. An eructation or Developing a reddish-brown Applied to a sur- Same as Rugose. See Coz/. 1280 See Pig. RUNNER Rule (ril/) [ME., rule, rule]. A formula or general proposition. R., Goodell’s. See Zaw, Goodell’s. R. of Ready Practice. See Zaw, Goode//’s. Rum [abbreviation of rumbullion]. A spirit obtained in the West Indies and the U. S. from the molasses of the Sugar-cane by fermentation and distillation. When new, it is white and transparent, and has, when freshly distilled, an unpleasant odor, due to oils con- tained. These are removed by treatment with charcoal and lime. Cf. Bay-rum. R.-blossom, a pimple on the nose caused by excessive drinking; rum-bud; acne rosacea. R.-bud. See A'. -ø/ossom. Rumbling (rum/-bling). See Borborºgmus. Rumen (ree-men). [rumen, the throat, or gullet]. In biology, (a) the first compartment of the complicated stomach of a ruminant, also called the paunch, plain trife, and ſarding-bag (see Farding-bag); (b) the cud of a ruminant. Rumex (ru/-me/s) [L., gem., Rumicis]. Yellow Dock. The root of R. crispus and other species of R. Its properties are due to tannin, calcium oxalate, and chrys- ophanic acid. It is astringent and tonic and is useful in combination with the iodids. Dose gr. xv-3 j. R., Decoct., contains 3 j of the dried root to Oj of water. Dose 3.j-ij. , R., Fld. Ext. Dose mixv–3 j. Rumicin (ru/- mis-in). Synonym of Acid, Chryso- phanic. Rumin (ru/-min) [rumex, sorrel]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Yellow Dock, Afumex cris- pus, resolvent, anti-scorbutic, mildly astringent, and laxative. Dose 3 grains. Unof. Ruminant (ru/-min-ant) [ruminare, to chew the cudj. In biology, chewing the cud; specifically applied to one of the best defined and most closely united. of any of the groups of Mammalia (the Pecora or Cotylophora), the complicated stomach of which is characteristic, consisting of four well-defined compartments known as (I) the rumen, or paumecſ, ; (2) the reticulum, or Aoney-comb bag; (3) the psalterium, or manyplies ; (4) the abomasum, or reed. Ruminate (ru/-min-át) [ruminare, to chew the cudj. In biology, (a) to chew the cud ; (b) applied to the albumin of certain seeds, when channeled or perfor- ated with holes through which the inner coat penetrates, as in the nutmeg. Ruminatio (ru-min-a/-she-o). See Rumination. Rumination (ru-min-a/-shum) [ruminare, to chew the cud]. I. Merycismus; a remarkable and rare condi- tion in which patients regurgitate and chew the cud, like ruminants. It occurs in neurasthenic or hysteric persons, epileptics, and idiots. It may be hereditary. Certain persons have the power of returning food from the stomach to the mouth at will. 2. In biology, the return of ingesta—the cud—to the mouth from the paunch, and its remastication. Among certain of the lower animals this function is normal. Rump [ME., rumpe, rump). The end of the backbone; the buttocks, or nates. R.-bone, the sacrum. Run [ME., rimmen, to run]. In pathology, to dis- charge pus or purulent matter from a diseased part. R.-around. See Paromyc/ia. Runcinate (run/-sin-át) [runcina, a plane]. In biol- ogy, a modification of a pinnatifid leaf, in which the points of the large central lobes are reflected, e.g., in the dandelion. Runge's Method. A method of dressing the umbilical cord. The stump is powdered with a mixture of boric acid and starch, one part to three. Runner (run/-er) [AS., ryme, course, path]. In biol- ogy, (a) a stem or branch, like that of the strawberry, that creeps along the ground, rooting at intervals; (b) a cursorial animal. RUNNING 1281 RYPIA Running (run/-ing) [ME., rimmen, to run]. Moving Mont. R., Oat, R., Wheat, Puccinia graminis, quickly. R. Amuck. See AmucA. R. Scall. P. ; P. coronata ; Puccinia rubigo vera, D. C. R., Synonym of Æczema. Runt [E. dialect.]. A dwarf. Rupestrine (ru-pes/-trim) [rupes, a rock]. living or growing upon or among rocks. Rupia (ru/-pe-ah) [50Tog, filth]. A term used to de- note a variety of pustular syphiloderm characterized by the formation of large, dirty-brown, stratified, conic crusts, like limpet shells. R. escharotica. See Aermatitis gangramosa infantum. Rupial (ru/-pe-al) [büTog, filth]. Resembling rupia. Rupophobia (ru -po-fo/-be-a/ ) [hiſtog, filth ; póðoç, fear]. Insane dread of filth. See Mysophobia. Ruptorium (rup-toº-re-um) [ruptio, a breaking]. An apparatus for the breaking of continuity. Rupture (rup/-tär) [ruptura ; rhexis ; rumpere, to break]. Breakage or laceration of the walls or con- tinuity of an organ, especially of a viscus. Also, the popular name for hernia. Ruptured (rup/-tärd) [ruptura ; rumpere, to break]. Burst; affected with hernia. Rusconi, Anus of. See Protostoma. Ruscus (rus/-kus) [ruscum, butchers' broom]. A genus of monocotyledonous plants. R. aculeatus, the butchers’ broom or knee-holly of Europe. The rhi- zome is diuretic. R. hypophyllum and R. hypo- glossum have similar qualities. Unof. Rusma (rus'-mah). See Rhusma. Russel and West’s Method. See Úrea. Russian (rush/-an) [Russ., Rossuja, Russia]. Per- taining to Russia. R. Bath. See Aath. R. Dis- ease. Synonym of Influenza. R. Glue. See Glue. R. Pest. Synonym of /nfluenza. Russo-Polish Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. Russow’s Potash-alcohol. An alcoholic solution of potassium hydrate employed in vegetable histology as a solvent of suberin and other substances incrusting the cell-wall. Rust [ME., rust, rust]. I. The oxids, hydrates, and carbonates collecting on the surfaces of metals exposed to moist air. 2. In biology, a disease common on cereals, causing masses of rust-like dust to break out from the tissues of the plant. It is caused by fungi of the class Credimede. R., Apple, R., Quince, Aºastelia aurantiaca, Pk. ; A. transformans, Ell. ; Acidium piratum, S. R., Bean, R., Pea, Üredo appendiculata. R., Beet, Uromyces betae, Kühn. R., Blackberry, and R., Raspberry, Acidium (Caeoma) niteus, S. R. of Carnation-pinks, Uromyces cary- ophyllinus. R., Celery, Puccinia bullata. R., Clover, Uromyces frifolii, Abb. R., Corn, Puccin- item sorghi, S. P. maydis, Berenger. R., Elder, Acidium sambuci, Schw. R. Flax., Melampsora lini, Desm. R., Hollyhock, Puccinia malva cearum, In biology, Peach, R., Plum, R., Cherry, Puccinia primi spi. nosae, P. R., Pear, Gymnosporangium midus avis, Thaxter; Acidium cancellatum, Gmel. R., Rose, Ahragmidium subcorticum. R., Strawberry, A’ayyat- Maria fragaria, Pk. R., Sugar-cane, Cromyces Aïhmii. 3. The “brusone,” “white blast,” or “water weevil,” (Zissorhoptrus simpſex, Say), a coleopterous enemy of the rice-plant. Rust’s Disease. See AMaſumu. R.'s Disinfectant, a mixture of camphor and myrrh, each seven parts, powdered charcoal and styrax, each 30 parts, and oil of turpentine sufficient to make an ointment. Rusty (rus/-te) [ME., rust, rust]. Of the nature or appearance of rust. R. Expectoration, the common name for the usual form of expectoration in croupous pneumonia, due to the presence of a small amount of blood in the sputa. Ruta (ru/-/a/.) [L., gen. ru/ae]. Rue. The leaves of R. graveolens, which furnish oil of rue by distillation. R., Oleum is irritant, rubefacient, and vesicatory. In- ternally, it is an efficient emmenagogue. Dose muj-v, in mucilage. - Ruthenic, Ruthenious [Ruthenia, a province of Russia]. nium as a radicle. Ruthenium (rut-the’-me-um) [Ruthenia, a province of Russia]. A rare metal of the platinum group. Sym- bol. Ru ; atomic weight, Io9.5. Little is known of its medicinal properties. See Elements, Table of Rutherford's Solution. A decalcifying and hardening solution for tissue-specimens : chromic acid I grim., water 200 c.c.; then add 2 c.c. nitric acid. Rutic (ru/-/i4) [ruta, rue]. Obtained from rue. Rutidosis (ru-tid-of-sis) [puriówatc.; puriç, a wrinkle]. A contraction or puckering of the cornea that precedes death. Rutin (ru/-tän) [ruta, rue]. A crystalline neutral sub- stance obtained from the leaves of rue. Rutting (rut'-ing) [ME., ruſ, rut]. The stage of sexual excitement in female animals coincident with the rupture of ovisacs. Rutulin (ruf/-u-/in). and sulphuric acid. Rutyl (riz'-ti/). Synonym of Cupry/. Ruysch, Membrane of. See Al/e/e/rane. Ruyschiana (ru-she-an/-ah). See Aſembrane. Rye (ri) [ME., rye, rye]. The popular name of the grain Secaſe cereaſe, one of the Graminaceae. R.- asthma, a form of hay-fever occurring at the time of the flowering of rye. R., Ergot of. See Frgot. R., Spurred. Same as Ærgot. Rypia (ri’-pe-ah). See A'upia. (ru-then/-ić, ru-ſhen'-e-us) Containing ruthe- A substance obtained from salicin 81 S 1282 S. The chemic symbol of sulphur. Letter of “S” Curve, of Pleurisy; the upper line of dulness of a pleural effusion is said to be curved like the letter “S.” S. romanum, the sigmoid flexure of the colon. O, the symbol of one-thousandth of a second. A micro- second. Sabadilla (sab-ad-i/-a/). See Cebadilla. Sabadillin (sab-ad-i/-īn) [cevadilla], CooHoº N,0s. A colorless, crystalline alkaloid obtained from cevadilla- seed. Sabal (sa/-bal). See Saw Palmetto. Sabalol (sa/-bal-o/). A substance prepared from the active principles of the Saw Palmetto (Seremoa serru- ſača). Sabatier’s Suture. See Suture. Sabatrin (sa&^-at-rin) [cevadi//aj, Cai Hss N.O.T. An alkaloid found in cevadilla-seed. Sabbatia (sab-a/-she-a/) [after Liberatus Saôbati, an Italian botanist]. The herb S. campestris, of value in the sick headache of indigestion. Dose of the fla. 'ext. muxv-3.j. Unof. S. angularis is a good bitter tonic and appetizer. Other plants of this genus have similar properties, especially S. chloroides. They have the medicinal virtues of the gentians, to which they are nearly related. S. eliotti is known as quinin- flower. S. paniculata is used for the same purposes as S. angularis. Sabina (sa-bi/-nah) [L., gen., sabinae]. Savine. The tops of /uniperus S. , its properties are mainly due to a volatile oil which resembles turpentine, but is more irritant. In large doses it produces violent purging and vomiting. It is used as an emmenagogue. Ex- ternally, it is useful to prolong the discharge from blis- ters and to stimulate ulcers to cicatrization. S., Cera- tum, fla. ext, savine 25, resin cerate 90 parts. S., Fld. Ext. Dose my—xv. S., O1., the volatile oil. Dose muj-v. S., Tinct. (B. P.) Dose m xx–3 j. Sabulose (sab/-u-lóz) [sabulum, sand]. In biology, growing in sand. Sabulosity (sab-u-/os/-īt-e) ness; grittiness. Sabulous (sab/-u-lus) [sabulum, Sand]. Gritty; Sandy. Growing in sandy or gravelly places. Pertaining to the sandy deposit sometimes found in urine. Also, to the gritty matter called braize-saved', found in the pineal gland and in psammoma. See Acervulus. Saburra (sab-zer/-a/) [coarse sand]. Foulness of the stomach, or of the tongue or teeth ; sordes. Saburral (sa/-law’-a/) [saburra, coarse sand]. ing to or affected with saburra. Saburration (sab-ur-a/-shun) [saburra, coarse sand]. The use of the sand-bath ; ammotherapy, or arena- tion. In biology, the act of rolling in the sand, as practised by poultry. Sac (sak) [saccus, a bag). The bag-like bulging or covering of a natural cavity, hernia, cyst, or tumor. S., Air, the air-cells of the lung. S., Allantoid. Synonym of A//antois. S., Amniotic, the amnion. Ss., Auditory, the rudimentary organs of hearing of the embryo of certain vertebrates. S., Dental. See Dental Sac. S., Embryonic, the sac-like stage of the embryo, which it presents early in its develop- ment, just after the abdominal plates have closed. S., Fetal. See S., Gestation, S., Gestation, the sac enclosing the embryo in ectopic pregnancy. S., Hernial, the peritoneal covering of a hernia. S., Lacrymal, the dilated upper portion of the lac- rymal duct. Ss., Latex, milk-sacs, spaces con- [sabulum, sand]. Sandi- Pertain- SACCHARIN taining the latex of plants. S., Omental, the sac formed between the ascending and descending por- tions of the great omentum. S., Peritoneal, the cavity formed by the peritoneal serous membrane. S., Pleural, the cavity formed by the pleura. S., Vitelline, the sac enclosing the vitellus or yolk in the embryo. S., Yolk. See Umbilical Vesicle. Sacatra (sak (- a - tra/l). A person of seven-eighths black and one-eighth white blood. Saccade (sak-ahd () [F., saccade, pull, draw]. voluntary jerk of deglutition. Saccaneurysma (sa/*-an-at-riz'-ma/.) [odikkoç, bag; eipt velv, to dilate]. A sacculated aneurysm. Saccate, or Saccated (sa/-ät, sa&^-a-ſed) [saccus, sac or pouch]. Sac-shaped or contained in a membranous envelop. Encysted; pouched; furnished with a sac. Saccharate (sa/º/-ar-āţ) [saccharum, sugar]. I. Hay- ing or containing sugar. 2. A compound of Saccharic acid and a base. 3. A compound of cane-sugar with a base. S. of Iron (Ferrum oxydatum sacchar- atum solubile, Ger. Ph.). A compound of cane-sugar and iron, important as an antidote for arsenic. S. of Lead, a salt of saccharic acid and lead, used in form- ing the nitro-saccharate of lead, which has been vaunted as a safe and effective solvent of urinary cal- culus. S. of Lime, a compound of cane-Sugar with lime. A syrup charged with it has been recom- mended as a cure for chronic rheumatism. A solu- tion of this compound is a good antidote in carbolic- acid poisoning. Saccharated (sa/-ar-a-ted) [oãºxapov, sugar]. Con- taining sugar. S. Carbonate of Iron, a greenish- gray powder containing sulphate of iron. S. Iodid of Iron, iodid of iron with milk-sugar. S. Pepsin, milk-sugar with pepsin from the stomach of the hog. S. Tar, a mixture of tar (4 parts) and sugar (96 parts), a soluble medium for medicinal adminis- tration. Saccharephidrosis (sak-ar-ef-id- ro/-sis) [oãºxapov, sugar; &ptópoolç, ephidrosis]. A form of hyperidrosis characterized by the excretion of sugar in sweat. Saccharic (sa/-ar/-īk) [a.ækyapov, sugar]. Pertaining to or obtained from sugar. S. Acid. See Acid. Saccharid (sa/-ar-id) [a.ækrapov, sugar]. A com- pound of a base with sugar. A sucrate. See Casein Saccharia. Sacchariferous (sak - ar- ??-er- us) [oãkrapov, sugar; ferre, to carry]. Containing sugar. Saccharification (sak - ar-if-ić -a/-shum) ſočkyapov, sugar; facere, to make]. Sugar-forming. The act of converting into Sugar. Saccharimeter (sak-ar-im/-et-er). See Saccharometer. Saccharimetry (sak-ar-im/-et-re) [oãkyapov, sugar; puétpov, measure]. The operation or art of ascertain- ing the amount or proportion of Sugar in solution in any liquid. sººn (sa/º/-ar- in) [ofiltrapov, sugar], CsPI- , |z | < | 5 || 3 | g : | | | # 3 H | 3 * | 3 || 5 |##| 3 | | * | 3 3 H | > {z, ſh- —l * 90 . > ºl--ſº ºp º *== - Ts) -------- E-Eºs Eſse º .* $$. Fºs ſº {2. º 4. : --> s ſ A. tº * * ... º. ºs - º º º-ſº * * •º. * = y2 -º- s “r. º: zerzºzzºzzzz º Arzee ºf *: **ea. #. § § - ºf § ** º § § BOUISSON’s SUTURE. º ... • * *s-s e * Y-- .*.* * *s e. “ * SUTURES FOR IMMEDIATE GASTRostomy, SUTURES FOR IMMEDIATE GASTROSTOMY. W SUTURE side, and those at the vertex. These are as follows: S., Basilar, the junction between the basilar surface of the occipital bone and the posterior surface of the body of the sphenoid. S., Corona/ (fronto-parietal), the union of the frontal with the parietal bones trans- versely across the vertex of the skull. S., Dentate, an irregular tooth-suture, as between the parietal bones. S., Athmoido-fron/a/, the union between the frontal and ethmoid bones. S., AEth/no-ſacrymal, the union between the lacrymal and ethmoid bones. S., Ethmo- sphenoid, the union between the sphenoid and ethmoid bones. S., False, any suture in which there is inter- locking of the bones without Serration. S., A'rontal, a suture which at birth joins the two frontal bones from the vertex to the root of the nose. The bones afterward become one by its obliteration. S., Fronto- /na/ar, the union between the malar and frontal bones. S., Fronto-maxillary, the union between the superior maxillary and frontal bones. S., Fronto-nasal, the union between the nasal and frontal bones. S., A'ronto- parietal. See Coronal Suture. S., Fronto-sphenoid, the union between the alae of the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. S., Fronto-temporal, the union be- tween the frontal and temporal bones. S., Infra- orbital, a suture sometimes found in the line of the infra-orbital canal. S., Zietermaxillary, the union be- tween the superior maxillary bones. S., Internasal, the union between the nasal bones. S., Znterparietal. See S., Sagittal. S., Jugal. See S., Sagitta!. S., Alambdoid, the union between the two superior borders of the occipital bone and the parietal bones. S., Alepidoid. See S., Squamo-parietal. S., Longitud- inal. See S., Sagitta!. S., AZasćo-occipital. See S., Occipito-mastoid. S., AZasſo-parietal. See S., Aarieto-muastoid. S., Maxillo-ſacrymal, the union be- tween the lacrymal and superior maxillary bones. S., AZaxi/Zo-preſ/taxillary, the union of the premaxillary portion of the superior maxillary with the rest of the bone. S., Medio-frontal. See S., Frontal. S., Metopic. See S., Frontal. S., AWaso-maxillary, the union between the Superior maxillary and nasal bones. S., AWeurocentra/, the cartilages between the bodies of the dorsal vertebrae, posterior to the points of articulation of the ribs with the main portion. S., . Occipi/a/. See S., Zambdoid. S., Occipito-mastoid, the union between the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and the occipital bone. S., Occipito-parietal. See S., Zambdoid. S., A'alaține, the union between the palate bones. S., A'alatine, 7% ansverse, the union between the superior maxilla and the palatine processes of the palate bone. S., A'arieto-mastoid, the union between the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and the parietal bone. S., Petro-occipital, the union be- tween the occipital bone and the petrous portion of the temporal. S., A'etro-sp/enoid, the union between the ala magna of the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal. S., Sagitta/, the union be- tween the medial margins of the parietal bones. S., Sca/y. See S., Syua/uo-parieſa!. S., Serrated, a suture in which the interlocking indentations and projec- tions are finer than those of a dentate suture. S., S//eno-ma/ar, the union between the malar bone and the ala magna of the sphenoid. S., Sphemo-parietal, the union between the ala magna of the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. S., S//eno-petrosal. See S., Ae/ro-sphenoid. S., Spheno - squamous. See S., Squamo-sphenoid. S., Spheno-temporal, the union be- tween the temporal bones and the sphenoid. S., Squamo-ſarietal, S., Squamosal, the union between the squamous portion of the temporal bone and the parietal bone. S., Squamo-sphenoid, the union be- tween the great wing of the sphenoid and the squamous 1440 SUTURE portion of the temporal bone. S., Squamous. See S., Squamo-parietal. S., Zemporo-occipital. See S., Occipito-mastoid. S., Temporo-parietal, the union be- tween the parietal and temporal bones, made up of the parieto-mastoid and squamosal sutures. S., 7} ans- verse (frontal). See S., Coronal. S., True, a union between bones by the interlocking of projections and indentations. S., Zygomatic, a union between the temporal bone and the zygomatic process of the superior maxilla. S., Cushing’s Right - angled Continuous Intestinal, the needle is introduced parallel with the wound on the serous surface and carried back and forth across the wound in this way. S., Czerny’s (intestina/), the needle is passed from the serous surface through the wound, down to, but not including, the mucous membrane, and through the wound on the opposite side and out on the serous sur- face. S., Czerny-Lembert, the application of Lem- bert sutures after the Czerny sutures are in place. S., Deep. See S., Buried. S., Distance, a suture used in uniting tendons, nerves, etc. S., Dry, adhesive- plaster strips are applied to the lips of the wound, and these are drawn together by suturing the selvaged edge of the strips. S., Duplay's Tendon. See S., Tillaux and Duplay’s. S., Dupuytren’s, a continued Lem- bert suture. See Illustration. S., Duverger's, a Sut- ure of the intestine in which the trachea of a calf is used as the basis of support. S., Emmert's, a suture for intestinal wounds. It consists of a series of double Lembert sutures. See Illustration. S., Furriers’. See S., Glovers’. S., Gaillard's, a suture for entropion. A threaded needle is passed in the lid near its free margin and at the junction of its middle and outer thirds and brought out about a thumb's breadth from the margin; the other end of the thread is passed par- allel to and near the first, and the ends are tied over a roll of lint. A similar suture is passed at the junction of the middle and inner thirds. S., Garengeot’s, the glovers’ suture of the intestine, in which the stitches are placed farther apart than usual. S. for Gastrostomy, a suture is made to surround the proposed opening in the stomach, with loops left at convenient intervals. By means of a needle supplied with a hook these loops are drawn through the abdominal wall around the incision, and quills introduced through the loops, after which the suture is drawn tight. This approximates the stomach firmly to the abdominal wall. See /l/ustration. S., Gély's, an intestinal suture applied by a thread with a needle at each end. The wound is closed by a series of cross-stitches. See ///us/ration. S., Glovers', a continued suture in which the needle is passed through the loop of the preceding stitch each time. S., Gus- senbauer’s, a figure-of-8 suture for the intestine, in- tended to accomplish the same result as the Czerny- Lembert suture. S., Halstead’s, a plain quilt-suture, a modification of Lembert’s suture. See ///ustration. S., Hare-lip, or Twisted, the edges of the wound are transfixed with pins and approximation secured by twisting or wrapping the ends of the pins with thread. See ///ustration. S., Harris's, a suture for intestinal wounds. The mucous membrane of the distal end is denuded with a curet for one or two lines and the upper end invaginated, and sutures passed. S., Horse-hair, the strong hairs of the mane or tail of the horse, prepared as sutures. S., Implanted, hare-lip pins are passed through the skin on each side of the wound and parallel with it, which is then approximated by twisting thread around the ex- posed extremities of the pins. S., India-rubber, the same as S., 77visted, except that small rubber rings are used instead of string. S., Interrupted, a series of sutures passed through the margins of SUTURE 1441 the wound, and each of which is knotted. See J//ustration. S., Jobert’s, a suture for intestinal wounds. This author has described three different forms of suture, which have been called after his name. See A//us/ration. S., Knotted. See S., Interrupted. S., Lace, a suture in which a small curved needle is repeatedly introduced around the wound, forming a continuous suture encircling the defi- ciency (fistula). S., Lapeyronie’s, a modification of S., Pałżyn's, the thread being passed through the mes- entery. S., Lead-plate, a suture the ends of which are attached on either side of the wound to lead-plates. S., Le Dentu's (tendon). See Złlustration. S., Ledran's, intestinal sutures passed through the wound one-fourth inch apart; the threads are tied separately on each side, forming two bundles. S., Le Fort's (tendon). See Illustration. S., Lembert's, an in- testinal suture in which the needle is passed trans- versely to the wound through the peritoneal and mus- cular coats and out again on one side of the wound, and then carried across the wound and made to pene- trate the two outer coats as before. See Illustration. S., Littré's, in cases of gangrene of the intestine, the inferior end is obliterated by ligation and the upper end is attached to the inguinal ring to form an artificial anus. S., Löffler's, a suture for intestinal wounds. Interrupted metallic sutures are crossed once and attached to the abdominal wound. S., Loop. See S., Interrupted. S., Mansell’s, a suture for complete transverse section of the intestine. The two ends are drawn through a longitudinal slit made for the purpose in one end, and the two sections accurately united by interrupted sutures; the invaginated portion is with- drawn, and the longitudinal slit closed. S., Mattress, a continuous suture which is made back and forth through both lips of the wound. S., Metallic-plate. See S., Button. S., Nerve, a suture of fine thread or catgut uniting the divided ends of a nerve. S., Noose. See S., Interrupted. S., Palfyn's, a loop of thread is passed through the intestinal wound, and the ends of which are then secured to the integument. S., Pancoast's. See S., 7ongue and Groove. S., Pe- tit’s, a suture for intestinal wounds. As many stitches as are required are passed three lines apart, the ends on each side are tied together and then twisted into two bundles. S., Pin. See S., Aare-lip. S., Plastic, a suture devised by J. Pancoast, and used by him for superficial wounds, the extent of the approximated surfaces being enlarged to increase the chance of union. The cut surface of one lip of the wound is beveled to fit into a groove in the other lip. The thread is car- ried from without inward, first through the outer lip of the groove; then, the beveled lip, and then the deep lip of the groove; then forming a loop on the deep surface of this lip, it is carried again through the same struc- tures in inverse order and at a different place. The free ends are tied over a little roll of adhesive plaster placed on the skin-surface of the grooved lip. S., Primary, one that is used to effect immediate closure of the wound. S., Primo-secondary, the insertion of sutures at the time of operation, then tamponing the wound. The tampon is removed in from 12 to 48 hours and the sutures tied. S., Quilled, a doubled thread is passed and tied over quills or a soft catheter; usually employed as sutures of relaxation. See Z//ustration. S., Quilt, one similar to S., Mattress. S., Ramdohr, invagination of the upper portion of the intestine into the lower, followed by suture. S., Rat-tail, a material obtained from the rat's tail. S. of Relaxation, one that is introduced some distance from the wound-mar- gin, carried through its depths, and made to emerge at some distance on the opposite side. The intention is to SUZANNE'S GLAND relieve the tension of the wound-sutures. S., Relief. See S. of Relaxation. S., Reybard, the employment of thin, oval plates of deal carrying threaded sutures, to unite the divided intestine. S., Richter’s, a suture for intestinal wounds. Interrupted metallic sutures that are twisted and brought out of the ex- ternal wound. S., Rigal’s. See S., India Rub- ber. S., Ritisch's, a suture for intestinal anas- tomosis. The suture is passed through the bowel and lumen from side to side, the ends twisted, and brought out of the external wound. S., Robin- son’s, a suture for uniting the ends of a divided intestine. A rubber tube is inserted in the proximal end and the mucous membrane is denuded for one-half inch to receive the proximal end. A row of sutures is introduced around the circumference. S., Royal. See Royal. S., Sabatier's, the employment of a piece of playing-card saturated with turpentine for the ap- proximation of intestinal wounds. S., Sailors'. See S., Reef. S., Sänger's, in the Cesarean opera- tion the insertion of 8 or IO deep sutures of silver wire through the uterine incision, followed by 20 or more superficial sutures through the peri- toneum. S., Secondary, one that is introduced at a period subsequent to the operation, as in cases in which the wound has been tamponed. S., Sero- serous, one that brings wo serous surfaces together. S., Shotted, both ends of the suture are passed through a perforated shot, which is then tightly com- pressed. S., Silk-worm Gut, a suture-material prepared from the “silk-guts” of the silk-worm. S., Simon’s, a suture for lacerated perineum involv- ing the sphincter ani, in which the rectal mucous mem- brane, the vaginal mucous membrane, and the skin are sutured separately. S., Sims'. See S., Clamp. S., Spiral. See S., Glovers’. S., Spiroidal, a con- tinuous spiral intestinal suture. S., Staple, a sharpened wire, bent like a staple, is passed through both lips of the wound and secured. S., Subcuticu- lar, a buried, continuous suture in which the needle is passed horizontally into the true skin back and forth until the whole wound is closed. S., Sunk. See S., Auried. S., Superficial, one which includes the skin only. S. of Support. See S. of Relaxation. S., Symperitoneal, a sero-serous suture of the peri- toneum. S., Taylors’, the cobbler-stitch used to bring together the flaps after amputation of the cervix uteri. S. Tendon. See S., Ze Dentze’s, Le Fort’s, and Wöffler’s. S., Tobacco-bag. See Stol/3's Opera- tion in Operations, Zable of. S., Tongue and Groove, one margin of the wound is beveled on each side and a V-shaped section is taken from the thickness of the other flap along its free margin, longitudinally, to re- ceive the first. This gives a greater extent of raw sur- face in apposition. See ///ustration. S., Triangu- lar (of Simon), a suture for laceration of the perimeum through the sphincter ani; the skin, vaginal mucous membrane, and rectal mucous membrane are separ- ately stitched. S., Twisted. See S., Hare-/ip. S., Uninterrupted. See S., Continuous. S., Utero-parietal, suturing of the uterus to the inner surface of the abdominal incision after Cesarean sec- tion. S., Viscero-parietal, a suture used in the operation of stitching a wounded organ to the abdo- minal incision. S., Wölfler's, an interrupted intes- timal suture in which the knots of the stitches in the mucous membrane are tied in the lumen of the bowel in three-fourths of the circumference, and on the out- side in the remaining portion. The serous surfaces are then united by Lembert sutures. S., Wölfer’s (tendon). See Illustration. Suzanne's Gland. A pea-sized glandular body found 9I SVAPNIA near the alveolo-lingual sulcus of the mouth close to the median line. It is distinct from the sublingual gland. Svapnia (swap/-ne-ah). Denarcotized opium. Swab (swob) [MD., swabber, splash]. A piece of cloth or sponge upon the end of a stick, used in feeding the sick, making applications to the throat, cleansing the mouth and teeth, etc. S.-stick, a rod or shaft, one extremity of which is to be wound with cotton. Swaddle (swoa/-/) [ME., swathi/en, to swaddle]. To swathe ; to wrap in cloths, as a new-born child. Swaddling (swod’-ling) [ME., swadling]. The act of wrapping in a swaddle. S.-cloth, S.-clout, a cloth wrapped about a new-born child. Swallow (swo/-0) [ME., swolowen, to swallow]. I. To take into the stomach through the throat. The cavity of the throat and gullet; the esophagus. , 2. A fissirostral oscine passerine bird, of the genus Aſirundo. S.'s-nest, the nidus hirundinis, a deep fossa of the cerebellum between the commissure of the flocculus and uvula. S.-tails, notches on the teeth of a horse. Swallowing (swo/-o-ing) [ME., swolowen, to swallow]. Taking into the stomach through the throat and esophagus. Swamp (swomp) [origin obscure]. A piece of low, wet, marshy land. S.-apple, a parasitic growth found on swamp-azalea. S.-dogwood : I. Button- bush. 2. A plant alliede to Cornus florida, Cornus sericea. S.-fever, a malarial fever. S.-itch. Same as Army ſtch. S.-laurel, Áalmia glazaca. S.-milk- weed, Asclepias incarnata. S.-pine, Pinus australis; lyroom-pine. S.-sassafras, magnolia. S. Yellow- fever. See Aſematuria, Malarial. Swan Alley Sore. Synonym of Chancre, Phagedemic. Swarm [ME., swarm, a swarm]. A cluster of insects, as bees. S.-cell. See Zoêspore. S.-spore. See Zoêspore. Swarming [ME., swarmen, to swarm). I. Moving in a swarm. 2. Breeding multitudes. A form of endogenous cell-formation noted in certain algae (Con- ſervaceae, Desmidiaceae). Swarthiness (swawr/-the-nes) [ME., swarty]. state of being swarthy. Swarthy (swawr/-the) [ME., swarthy]. Dark; tawny. Swartzia (swawrt/-se-ah). See Panococco. Sweat (swet) [ME., swette, sweat]. The secretion of the sudoriferous glands. It consists of a transparent and normally colorless, aqueous fluid, holding in solu- tion neutral fats, volatile fatty acids, cholesterin, traces of albumin and urea, free lactic acid, Sodium lactate, sodium and potassium chlorids, and traces of The ś2:Sºº º º º - - I SECTION OF PART OF COIL OF A Sweat-GLAND. D. Duct. S. Secretory part. X 300. (From Stirling.) alkaline phosphates. S., Bloody, purpura affecting the sweat-glands. See Hematidrosis. S., Blue, perspi- ration which has a blue color; it is thought by some to be due to oxidation of the colorless indican secreted in the sweat. S., Cold, perspiration accompanied by coldness of the surface of the body. S., Colored. See 1442 SWEDISH Chromidrosis. S., Critical, the profuse perspiration which occurs at the crisis of a febrile disease. S., Dia. phoretic. See S., Cola. S.-eczema, eczema sebor- rhoicum. S.-glands, the Small, lobular, reddish bodies situated in the true skin and subcutan- eous areolar tis- sue. Each con- sists of a con- volute d tube from which the excretory duct passes outward through the skin. In its pas- S age through the epidermis the duct is more or less spiral. S., G ree n, sweat having a bluish or green- º #Š-4-§ºZ Žt iwº;- --- lº§-:-{º u.-g |.§# ºº*-º§º§;;§>§ l§ſ 3.º& &:|; !|; º|i: *-i & § Sº § º & \ º g : " : -, -, {}{; * º º º J º 4. § § ºf *—º º N W. ###8 Rºſº Sº i §: , sº §§ - š : § %; TRANSVERSE SEC- §§ iš X: §§ T I O N OF T H E jºš. º “-4E ºf S. º.º.) . . S E C R. E. T. O R Y §§§º: P A R T OF A SWEAT - GLAND FROM THE AX- ILLA. Magnific. a. Nuclei of unstri- a t e d muscle. (From Stirling.) THE HAND X 20. I. Horny layer of epidermis 2. Rete mucosum. 3 Papillary layer. 4. Der- ma, or true skin. 5. Subcutaneous cellular tissue. 6, 8, 9. Sudoriparous, or sweat-glands. - ish color, seen mainly in copper-workers, and due to copper taken into the system by the inhalation of particles or fumes, or with food and drink (Crocker). S.-house, a room or inclosure furnished with appara- tus for subjecting the occupant to the sudorific effects of steam ; achicolum. S., Night, drenching perspira- tion occurring at night or whenever the patient sleeps, as in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis. S., Phos- phorescent, a very rare peculiarity of the sweat, in which it becomes phosphorescent; it has been ob- served in some cases of miliaria and after eating phos- phorescent fish. The phosphorescence is thought to be due to bacilli (Crocker). S., Red, a peculiar, red perspiration noted in the axillas and genital region, and due to microorganisms which have developed in the hairs of these warm, moist parts. Sweating (swet/-ing) [ME., swette, sweat]. The excretion of the contents of the sudoriferous glands in sensible quantities. S. Fever, or S. Sickness. See Miliaria and Fever, Miliary. S., Morbid, hyperidrosis. S., Unilateral, sweating on one side of the body, due usually to disease of the nervous system and often to the pressure of thoracic growths upon the sympathetic. Swedish (swe’-dish) [D., Zweedsch, Swedish]. Pertain- ing to Sweden. S. Green. Same as Rinmann's Green. S. Movements, certain scientific movements intended to exercise and develop the human body. They were originated by Ling, a Swede, in the early part of the nineteenth century. Passive movements are such as are applied to the patient without his assist- ance; active movements are performed by the patient; SWEENY concentric movements are performed by the patient, while the operator or some other power resists; ex- centric movements are performed by some power out- side of the patient while he resists. S. System. See Zing's System. Sweeny (swe/-ne) [origin obscure]. A wasting, or shrinkage, of the shoulder-muscles of the horse, generally due to some lameness of the foot or fore- leg; it is also called swinney. Sweet (swet) [ME., swete, sweet]. A quality of taste of which sugar and honey furnish examples. S.- bread, the true sweet-bread, regarded by gourmets as a great delicacy, is the thymus gland of the calf, found occasionally persistent, but as a rule only present in the fetus and young calf, at the ventral side & of the trachea, partly without and partly within the chest, between the layers of the anterior mediastinum. It is elongated, of a grayish-white color, and lobulated on its surface. It is com- monly known amongst butchers as the “throat- bread.” The pancreas is vulgarly termed the “gut-bread '' or “belly sweet-bread,” and is the article which would be supplied in the great majority of cases by butchers asked for the sweet- bread. See Pancreas. S. Centaury. See Cacalia. S.-b., Chest, the thymus gland. S. Cicely, the root of Osmorrhiza longistylis. An aromatic stomachic, carminative, and expectorant. Dose of the fld. ext, 3.j-ij. Unof. S. Fern, the leaves and tops of Compſonia asplenifolia. It is astringent, carminative, and alterative. Dose of the flá, ext, 3 ss—ij. Unof. S. Flag. See Calamus. S. Gale, the bark of Myrica gale. Astringent and stimulant. Dose of the fla, ext. m V-3 ss. Unof. S. Gum, the bark of Ziquidambar styraciſſua. Tonic and astringent. A popular domes- tic remedy in diarrhea. Dose of the fld. ext, 3 ss—j. The balsam exuding from the tree is much used as a corrigent of fetid breath. Unof. S. Niter, sweet spirit of niter, spiritus aetheris nitrosi. S.-oil. See Olivae, Oleum. S.-scented Water-lily. See AVym- phaea odorata. S. Shrub. See Calycanthus. S. Su- mach. See Rhus aromatica. S. Wine. See Wines. Swell (swel) [ME., swellen, to swell]... To grow in bulk; to puff out. S.-bodies (Schwellkörper), Zuck- erkandl’s term for the venous plexuses found over the turbinated bodies. Swelled (sweld) [ME., swellen, to swell]. S. Head. Synonym of Actinomycosis. Swelling (swel/-ing) [ME., swellen, to swell]. Any morbid enlargement, inflation, tumor, or protuber- ance. S., Albuminous, cloudy swelling. S., Blen- norrhagic (of the knee), the enlargement of the knee which occurs in gonorrheal synovitis. S., Cloudy, a swelling of cells due to disturbed nutrition (Vir- chow). S., Glassy, amyloid degeneration. S., Lacteal, a swelling of the breast due to obstruction of the lacteal ducts. S., White, a disease of the bones which causes them to dilate as if distended by pressure from within. A tumor, usually of the wrist or ankle, due to caries; hydrarthrosis. Swertia (swer/-te-ah). See Chirata, Swim-bladder, or Swimming-bladder. matophore. Swimmeret (swim-er-et/) [AS., swimman, to swim]. In biology, one of the abdominal or swimming limbs of a crustacean. Swimmers' Cramp. See Cramp. Swimming-bell (swim/-ing-bel). See Mectophore. Swine (swim) [ME., swine, a pig). A pig. S.-bread, the Tuber cibarium, an edible plant allied to lycoper- don or puff-ball. S.-cress, nasturtium, or water- Swollen. See Pneu- 1443 SYCOSIS cress. S.-fever. See Hog-cholera. S.-plague, an infectious disease of swine, appearing in more or less extensive epizoötics, in which usually most of the animals exposed to the infection succumb. It is due to specific bacteria, and is localized in the lungs, giving rise to pneumonia and pleurisy, with secondary involvement of the digestive tract; hence, it is not readily distinguished from hog-cholera. See Aacillus of Swine-plague, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of S.-pox, a disease of swine characterized by inflammatory tubercles on the legs and thighs. Swing, Salter's, an apparatus consisting of a cradle that moves on wheels along a horizontal bar on an º Q 2) —k. NT_Z SALTER’s Sw1NG. iron framework; it is used in the treatment of frac. tures of the lower extremity. Swinney (swin/-e). See Sweeny. Swiss Tapeworm. The Bothriocephalus latus. See Parasites (Animal), Table of Swoon. See Syncope. Sycephalus (si-sef’-a/-us) [oiv, with ; Kepažň, head]. A double monster having two incomplete heads joined together. Sychnocarpous (sić - no - AEar/-pus) [avy vög, many; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, capable of producing fruit many times without perishing. Sychnuresis (sik - nu - re/- sis) ſowyvóc, long ; oipov, urine]. Preternaturally slow discharge of urine. Sycoma (si-ko’-mah) [ovkov, a fig : A/., Sycomata). A condyloma, or wart; a condition characterized by warty or fig-like excrescences on the soft tissues of the body, as the eyelids, tongue, anus, or genitals. Syconium (si-ko/-ne-um) [aikov, a fig : //, Syconia]. In biology, the peculiar multiple fruit of the fig, which consists of a fleshy, hollow receptacle containing num- erous achenium-like fruits. Sycosis (si - ko’- sis) [a.ækov, a fig]. Lichen ment: ; Sycosis non-parasitica, Aſentagra . Fo//iculiffs barba, Aicosis, Acne mentagra, an inflammatory, gener- ally chronic, disease, which affects the hair-follicles, particularly of the beard, and due to microbic infec- tion. It is characterized by papules, pustules, and tubercles, perforated by hairs, together with infiltration of the skin and with crusting. More or less scarring and permanent baldness result in long-continued cases. S., Bacillogenic, a variety of so-called “non-para. sitic” sycosis, ascribed by Tommasoli to the Baci//ws sycosiferus fætidus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic 7ab/e of S. barbae. Sycosis of the beard. S. capillitii: I. Dermatitis papillaris capillitii, of Kaposi; S. framboesiformis, of Hebra ; acne koeloid, of Bazin. 2. Kerion. 3. Pustular eczema of the scalp. S., SYCUM Coccogenic, the so-called “non-parasitic ’’ sycosis which is caused by an organism belonging to the schizomycetes (Unna). S. contagiosa. See S. parasitaria. S. framboesiformis. See Dermatitis papillaris capillitii. S., Hypertrophic. See S., Aeloid. S., Hyphogenic, S., Hyphomycetous, S. parasitaria, of Unna; tinea sycosis, the inflam- mation excited by the 7×ichophyton tonsurans. S., Keloid, sycosis in which keloid degeneration occurs in the cicatrices resulting from the follicular in- flammation (Milton). Also called OZerythema sycosi- forme (Unna). S., Lupoid. See S., Keloid. S. mentagra. See S. barbae. S., Non-parasitic, sycosis due to the presence of coccogenic organisms. See S., Coccogenic. S. non-parasitica. See S., Coc- cogenic. S. palpebrae marginalis, Sycosis affecting the edge of the eyelids. S. parasitaria, S. parasiti- ca, barbers' itch ; a disease of the hair-follicles, usu- ally affecting the region covered by the beard, and due to the presence of the Trichophyton tonsurans. See S., Hyphogenic. S., Parasitic. See S. parasitaria. S., Schizomycetic. See S., Coccogenic. Sycum (si/-kum). See Ficus. Sydenham’s Chorea. See Chorea and Diseases, Zable of S.’s Disease, chorea. S.’s Laudanum. See Opii (Vinum). Syderatio (sid-er-a/-she-o). See Sideratio. Syfilis (sif/-il is). A mode of spelling Syphilis, g. v. Syggignoscism (sig-jig/-no-sizm) [ovv, together; Yty- vóokeuv, to know]. The agreeing of one mind with another mind. A synonym of Hypnotism. Syggignosticism (sig-jig-nos/-tis-izm). See Syggig- 720SC2S772. Syllabic Utterance. Scanning speech, observed in in- sular sclerosis; the words are enunciated slowly and separately, and there may be a staccato accentuation of individual syllables. Syllable-stumbling (siſ/-aē-l-stum/-bling). A form of dysphasia wherein each sound and syllable can be dis- tinctly uttered, but the word as a whole is spoken with difficulty. It occurs in paretic dementia. Syllabus (siſ/-ab-us) [otºaffog, a collection]. A com- pendium containing the heads of a discourse; the main propositions of a course of lectures; an abstract. Syllepsiology (sil-lep-se-o/-oje) [oºmpug, a putting together; 7.6).0g, science]. The physiology of con- ception. Syllepsis (sil-ep/-sis) [otºmptg]. pregnation. Sylvester's Method. See Artificial Respiration. Sylvestrene (sil- ves/- fren) [silvestris, belonging to a wood], Cio Hig. A substance that occurs in Swedish and Russian turpentine-oil, and may be obtained pure by digesting its hydrochlorid with anilin. It boils at 175–178° C. Sylvestris (silves'-tris). See Silvestris. Sylvian (siſ"-ve - an ) [after Sylvius]. Relating to the anatomist Jacques Dubois, Latinized Sylvius (I478– 1555). S. Artery, the middle cerebral artery, lying in the fissure of Sylvius. S. Convolution. See Convolutions, 7able of S. Fossa, the depression at the side of the fetal cerebrum where the insula is subsequently formed. Sylvius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct. of. See Fissures, Table of Sym- (sim-). An euphonic form of Sym. Symbion, Symbiont (sim/- be - on, sim/-be-ont) [oºv, along with ; ſtoc, a life]. In biology, either of two organisms living in intimate association; a com- mensal. Symbiosis (sim - bi- o'- sis) [oin, along with ; ſtoc, a life]. In biology, the intimate association of two Conception, or im- S., Fissure 1444 SYMPATHETIC living organisms, not parent and offspring, male and female, or parasite and host. Commensalism. Symblepharon (sim-bleſ/-ar-on) ioin), together; 3%pa- pov, the eyelid]. The abnormal adhesion of the eye- lids to the eyeball in consequence of burns, wounds, etc. S., Anterior, symblepharon of the anterior part of the conjunctival sac, in which the adhesion extends from the lid to the eyeball in such a manner as to admit of the passage of a sound between the two parts. S., Posterior, symblepharon of the peripheral part of the conjunctival sac. S., Total, symblepharon affecting the entire extent of the eyelid. Symblepharosis (sim-bleſ-ar-o/-sis) [oiv, with ; 3%épa- pov, eyelid]. Adhesion of the eyelids to the globe * of the eye or to each other. Symbol (sim/-bol) [oºpſ30%0v, a pledge]. A sign or character denoting an idea. The following are com- monly employed in medicine : B., Recipe, take of; 9, Scruple; 3, Dram; fa, Fluidram; 3, Ounce; fº, Fluidounce; mu, Minim. See, also, List of Abbreviations, p. x. Symboleusis (sim-bo-lu'-sis). tion. Symbolism (sim/-bol-izm) [oiluſo?ov, a symbol]. The delusional or hallucinational interpretation of all events or objects as having a mystic significance; a habit not uncommon in certain forms of insanity. Syme’s Operation. Amputation at the ankle-joint, the malleoli being sawn through, and a flap made with the skin of the heel. See Operations, Table of. Symele (sim/-èl). See Symelus. Symelus or Symmelus (sim/-el-us) [oin, together; péWoç, limb]. A species of single autositic monsters “characterized by imperfect development of the pelvis and lower extremities; by atresia and et zerethrae, by more or less intimate fusion of the lower extremities, and by a twisting of the lower limbs so that the femurs are united by the external condyles, the legs by the fibulae, and the feet, if they exist, by the fibular edge and little toes, so that the heels look forward.” Symmelic (sim-el/-īk) [oiv, together; uéWoç, limb]. Characterized by a coalition of the limbs. Symmelus (sim/-el-us). See Symelus. - Symmetric, Symmetrical (sim-et/-rić, sim-et/-rié-al) [oiv, together; piétpov, a measure]. Pertaining to, governed by, or exhibiting symmetry. S. Gangrene. See Sphaceloderma. Symmetry (sim/-et-re) [civ, together; plátpov, measure]. In anatomy, a harmonious correspondence of parts; also the relation of homologous parts at opposite sides or ends of the body. In pathology, the theory that constitutional diseases affect both lateral halves of the body impartially. Sympatheoneuritis (sim-path-e-o-nu-ri/-tis) [avpitáffeta, sympathy; veipov, nerve; trug, inflammation]. In- flammation of the sympathetic nerve. Sympathetic (sim - path -et/- #) [avuſtaffmrukóc, sympa- thetic]. Effecting consentaneous activity or sympa- thy. S. Bubo. See Azebo. S. Inflammation, or Irritation, affection of an organ arising by reflex ac- tion, infection, or other unknown way, synchronous or following similar affections of other organs. S. Nerve, or Nervous System, a series of ganglia connected by commissural fibers, upon each side of the vertebral col- umn from the base of the skull to the coccyx. It may be also traced into the head. It gives origin also to numerous plexuses, ganglia, etc. See Plexus and Ganglia ; also p. 848. S. Ophthalmitis, inflamma- tion of the uveal tract of an eye arising subsequent to some injury or affection of the other eye. The eye first affected is called the exciting eye, or excitor, the other the sympathizer. The inflammatory period may be Synonym of Consulta- SYMPATHETICUs preceded by sympathetic irritation, in which there is lacrymation, photophobia, etc. Removal of the excitor is the treatment usually prescribed. Sympatheticus (sim-path-et/-ik-us). AVerve. Sympathetiplex (sim-path-et/-ip-le/s) [ovuráffeta, sym- pathy; plexus, plexus]. A sympathetic plexus. Sympathic (sim-path/-ić). Synonym of Sympathetic. Sympathizer (sim/-path-i-zer). See Sympathetic Oph- thalmitis. - Sympathy (sim/-path-e) [oºv, together ; tāffog, suffer- ing]. In pathology, the mutual relation between parts or organs more or less distant, shown in the transla- tion of a morbid condition from an affected to an un- affected organ. A meaningless term for the facts of reflex neuroses, metastasis, secondary infection, etc. Sympelmous (sim-pe/-mus) [oiv, together; TéApia, the sole of the foot]. In biology, having the deep plan- tar tendons united. Sympetalous (sim-pet/-al-us) [a.æv, together; Trétažov, leaf J. In biology, the same as gamopetalous. Sympexion (sim - pećs/- e - on ) [augmented form of Sympexis. Z/., Sympezia]. A sympexis. Sympexis (sim -peks/- is) [oipatmáic]. A concretion found in the vessels or crypts of certain glands, espe- cially the thyroid and lymphatic, the prostate, and in the vesiculae seminales. Symphora (sim/-for-ah). Synonym of Congestion. Symphorema (sim-for-e'-mah) [ativ, together; popeiv, to bear]. The state of being congested. Symphoresis (sim-fo-re/-sis) [civ, together; popeiv, to bear]. Congestion, or a congestive process. Symphoricarpous (sim-for-ić-ar/-pus) [oiv, together; popeiv, to bear; Kapiróg, fruit]. In biology, bearing clustered fruits. Symphyantherous (sim-fe-an/-ther-us) [civ, together; píeoffat, grow; āvömp, flower]. Same as Symantherous. Symphycarpous (sim-ſik-ar/-pus) [avuſbüelv, to grow together; kápTog, fruit J. In biology, having con- fluent fruits. Symphynote (sim/ºff-nót) [ovuçüelv, to grow together ; vörov, the back]. In biology, applied to such bivalve molluscs (Unio) as have the valves soldered together at the hinge. Symphyogenesis (sim -ſe-o-jen’-es-is) [ ovuòſelv, to grow together; yºveatſ, generation J. In biology, the union of previously separated parts. Symphyogenetic (sim -ſe-o-jen - et/-ik) [ovuſpielv, to grow together; yévêqug, generation J. Pertaining to symphyogenesis. Symphyostemonous (sim-fe-o-stem/-o-mus) [avuſpielv, to grow together; othplov, a thread]. See Monadel- phous. ~. Symphyseal (sim-ſiz/-e-al) [oºpºvolc, symphysis]. Per- taining to a symphysis. Symphyseotomy (sim-ſiz-e-of/-o-me). otomy. Symphysial (sim-ſiz'-e-a/), Symphysic (sim-ſiz/-īk). also Zeratism. Symphysion (sim-ſiz/-e-on) [oipºvolc]. 72e/ric Poźnzás. Symphysiotome (sim-ſiz'-e-o-fôm) [oipºpwatc, symphy- sis; touff, cutting]. A cutting instrument used in pubic symphysiotomy. - Symphysiotomy (sim-ſiz-e-of/-o-me) [ciplºvoaç, sym- See Sympathetic See Symphysi- Same as Symphyseal. Same as Symphyseal. See See Crazzio- physis; topuff, a cutting]. The operation of separating the bones forming a symphysis by division of the con- necting tissues. Synonymous with S., Pubic. S., Pubic, the operation of cutting through the pubic symphysis for the purpose of increasing the conjugate diameters of the pelvic canal. 1445 SYMPTOMATIC Symphysis (sim/-fiz-is) [oiv, together; pietv, to grow]. The coalescence or junction of bones, usually of sym- metric bones in the median line, as S. pubts and S. of the Jaw. S., Pubic, the line of union of the two pubic bones. S., Sacro-coccygeal, the sacro- coccygeal articulation. S., Sacro-iliac, the union between the sacrum and the ilium. Symphysodactylia (sim-ſiz-o-dak-tiſ/-e-ah). of Syndactylism. Symphysopsia (sim-ſiz-ops/-e-ah). Synonym of Cy- c/opia. Symphysoskelia (sim-ſiz-o-séeſ-le-ah) [giv, together; pietv, to grow ; akeWög, leg]. The condition in which the lower extremities are united. Symphysotomy (sim-ſiz-of/-o-me). Synonym of Sym- Ahysiotomy. - Symphytrotomy (sim-fit-rotº-o-me) [aigºvac, symphy- sis; #rpov, pelvis; Topºff, section]. Pelvic section through the symphysis pubis; pubic symphysiotomy. Sympiesis (sim -?? - eſ-sis) [giv, together; Trieauc, a Squeezing]. A pressing together of parts. Symplast (sim/-plast). Synonym of Plasmodium. Symplectic (sim-ple&’-tié) [oiv, together; 72.Éketv, to twine, weave]. A bone connecting the hyo-man- dibular bone above with the quadrate bone below in certain vertebrates (fishes); also called mesotym- Alamic. - Symplectomeres (sim-p/e/-to-mers) [aſſitzokoç, en- twined together; uépog, a part]. In biology, the col- lective name applied by Dujardin to sarcode organisms. Symplocium (sim-plo/-se-um) [otput/okoç, entwined]. In biology, the band of thick-walled cells in the sporangium of most ferns; the annulus. Sympode (sim/-pād). Same as Sympodium. Sympodia (sim-po'-de-ah) [oiv, together; Toíg, foot]. The condition in which the lower extremities are united. Sympodial (sim -po/- de - aſ ) [aiv, with ; Toíg, foot]. Pertaining to a sympodium. Sympodium (sim-po'-de-um) [ain, with ; Tóvg, foot: pl. , Sympodia]. In biology, a stem which consists of a series of secondary stems or axes which have arisen as branches one from another, as in the grape-vine, the tomato, the linden, etc. See Z'seudaxis. Symptom (simp/-tom) [aijuttoua, a coincident happen- ing]. That change or phase which occurs synchron- ously with a disease and serves to point out its nature and location. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of S.- complex, the ensemble of symptoms of a disease. S., Direct, one depending directly upon disease. S., Dissociation. See ZXissociation-symptom. S.- grouping. Same as S.-compſex. S., Indirect, one only indirectly due to disease. Ss., Labyrinthine, a group of symptoms due to lesion or disease of the internal ear. S., Negatively Pathognomonic, one which never occurs in a certain disease and therefore by its presence shows the absence of that disease. S., Objective, one observed by the physician. S., Pas- sive. See S., Static. S., Pathognomonic, a symptom which exhibits itself only in a certain disease and there- fore undeniably proves its presence. Ss., Physical, the physical signs of morbid conditions. S., Rosen- bach’s, loss of the abdominal reflex. S., Static, a symptom which indicates the condition in a single organ without reference to the rest of the body. S., Subjective, that observed only by the patient. Ss., Sympathetic, symptoms for which no adequate cause can be given other than so-called sympathy. Symptomatiatria (simp-to-mat-e-a/-fre-ah) [at paſtroſta, symptom ; tatpeia, treatment]. Treatment directed solely to the symptoms. - Symptomatic (simp-to-mat/-i}) [avut Touattkóc, symp- Synonym SYMPTOMATIZE Womatic]. Having the nature of a symptom; that which may be interpreted as a symptom. That which may be a symptom of another affection; opposed to idiopathic. S. Anthrax, an epidemic, infectious disease of cattle, also called “Black-leg ’’ and “Quarter-evil.” See Bacillus chauvai in Table of Bacteria, and Black-leg. S. Fever, the febrile symptoms of a disease. Symptomatize (simpſ-to-mat-12) [otput Toua, symptom]. To show symptoms of. Symptomatography (simp-to-mat-og/-ra-ſe) [otpittoud, symptom ; Ypápelv, to write]. A written or printed description of symptoms. Symptomatologic (simp-to-mat-o- 'oj/-ić) [otput topia, symptom ; %yoç, science]. Pertaining to symptoma- tology. - Symptomatology (simp-to- mat - ol/- 0-je) [güpıTToua, symptom; %yog, treatise]. The sum of what is known of the nature, purport, and interpretation of symptoms. Symptomology (simp-to-mo/-oje). matology. Symptosis (simp-to/-sis) [ovutti"Teuv, to fall together]. Wasting; emaciation ; collapse. Sympus (sim/-pus) [obv, together; Toic, foot]. A vice of development consisting in coalescence of the lower limbs; a siren monster. There may be but one foot (S. monopus), or two (S. dipus), or the feet may be represented only by toes (S. apus). Syn- (sin-) [obv, together]. A prefix, signifying with or together. Synacmic (sin - ak/- mik) [civ, with ; akuff, prime]. Pertaining to synacmy. Synacmy (sin-a/-me) [civ, with ; akuff, prime]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils ripen at the same time, as distinguished from heteracmy. Cf. pro- terandry, and proterogyny. Also called synanthesis. Synactic (sin-a/-tić) [ovvaktukóg, brought together]. Accumulative. Synadelphus (sin - ad-el/-fus) [otiv, with ; ide??6c, brother]. A monster having eight limbs with but one head and trunk. Synaesthesia (sin-es-the-ze-ah). See Synesthesia. Synagogue (sin/-ag-og). Synonym of Contraction. Synalgia (sin -a/-je-ah) [otºv, together; &Ayoc, pain]. Pain felt in a distant part from an injury or stimulus to another part of the body. Synanastomosis (sin - an - as - to - moſ-sis) [o.ſv, with ; amastomosis]. The joining of several blood-vessels. Synanche (si-mang/-ke). Synonym of Diphtheria. Synangium (sin - an -je/- um) ſo inv, together; ſiyyelov, vessel ; pl. , Synangia]. An arterial axis, or trunk. Synanthema (sin-an/-//em-ah) [ovvav0eiv, to blossom together]. In dermatology, a group of efflorescences on the skin. Synantherous (sin - an/- ther-us) [obv, together; an- thera, anther; from évôelv, to bloom]. In biology, the same as syngenesious. Stamens coalescent by their anthers. Synanthesis (sin - an - theſ-sis) [oiv, with ; āvömotº, the full bloom of a flower]. See Synacmy. Synanthous (sin-an/-thus) [oºv, with ; Śiv6og, a flower]. In biology, (a) exhibiting synanthy; (b) having flowers and leaves at the same time, as distinguished from proſeranthous and Ayséeramthous. Synanthrose (sin -an/- thröz) [civ, together; iv0mp, anther], C, H,Ou. A sucrose found in rye and the roots of certain plants. It has no action on polarized light. Synanthy (sin-an/-/he)[oin, with ; &v0mp, an anther]. In biology, the abnormal coalescence of two or more flowers. Synaphipod (sin-af’-ip-od) ſavvaſºffc, continuous, con- Same as Sympto- 1446 SYNCHYSIS nected; toic, foot]. falp of a crustacean. Synaphymenitis (sin-aſ-i-men-i/-tis) [ovvaph, connec- tion ; i.pl?v, a membrane; itic, inflammation]. A former synonym for conjunctivitis. Synaptase (sin-ap/-täz). See Emulsin and Amygdalin. Synapticula (sin - ap-tik/- u - lah) [ovvattóg, joined together: pl., Synapticulae]. In biology, one of the cross-bars connecting the septa in certain corals. Synarthrodia (sin-ar-thro’-de-ah). See Symarthrosis. Synarthrodial (sin -ar - thro/- de - al.) [oiv, together; ãpºpov, a joint]. Of the nature of a synarthrosis; belonging to a synarthrosis. Synarthroesis (sin-ar-thre/-sis). gestion. Synarthrosis (sin-ar-thro/-sis) [oiv, together; apópov, joint]. A form of articulation in which the bones are immovably bound together (without any interven- ing synovial cavity). The various forms are: Sutura, in which the processes are interlocked ; Schindylesis, in which a thin plate of one bone is inserted into a cleft of another, and Gomphosis, in which a conic process is held by a socket. Syncampe (sin-kam/-pe) [ovykapath]. A freely movable joint. Syncanthus (sin-kan'-thus) [ain, with ; Kav6óc, can- thus]. An obsolete term for abnormal union of the orbital margin and the ocular conjunctiva. Syncarp (sin/-/arp) [oin, together; KapTóg, fruit]. In biology, a multiple fruit. Syncarpium (sin-kar'-pe-um). Same as Syncarp. Syncarpous (sin - AEar/-pus) [oiv, together; Kaptóg, fruit]. Having the character of a syncarp. Syncausis (sin-Æaw'-sis). Synonym of Combustion. Syncephalus (sin -sef’- al-us) [oin, together; Kepa/#, head]. A double monstrosity with the two heads fused into one. Syncerebral (sin-ser/-e-bral) [oºv, together; cerebrum, cerebrum]. Pertaining to a syncerebrum. Syncerebrum (sin -ser/- e - brum) [oiv, together; cere- brum, cerebrum]. A compound brain. Synchilia, Syncheilia (sin-ki/-le-ah) [otiv, together; zeiàoc, lip]. Atresia of the lips. Synchiral (sin-ki/-ral) [oiv, with ; zeip, hand]. Har- rison Allen's term for the movement in which the right and left foot of a single pair move together, as in the gallop of a horse. Synchisis (sin/-Ais-is). See Synchysis. Synchiton (sin/-kit-on). Synonym of Conjunctiva. Synchitonitis (sin - AEit on - i.’- tis). Synonym of Con- junctivitis. Synchondrosial (sin - Aon - dro/- ze - al.) [civ, with ; Żóvópog, cartilage]. Pertaining to a synchondrosis. Synchondrosis (sin - Aon - dro’ - sis) [civ, together; zóvópog, a cartilage]. A union by an intervening growth of cartilage. S., Pubic. See Symphysis, Pubic. S., Sacro-coccygeal. See Symphysis, Sac- ro-coccygeal. S., Sacro-iliac. See Symphysis, Sacro- iliac. Synchondrotomy (sin-Æon-drot/-o-me) [oiv, together; yóvápog, cartilage; Téuvetv, to cut]. A division of the cartilage uniting bones, especially of the sym- physis pubis. Synchopexia (sin-ko-peks/-e-a/). Same as Tachycardia. Synchronism (sin'-Aro- mizm ) [obv, with ; Apóvog, time]. Concurrence in time of two or more events. Synchronous (sin/- Aro - mus) [oiv, together; Apóvoc, time]. Occurring contemporaneously, or at the same interval. Synchysis (sin/-Ais-is) [ oiyzvoic, a mixing together]. Synchysis scintillans; the presence of clouds of bright, shining particles in the vitreous humor of the eye. In biology, Bates' term for the Synonym of Con- SYNCLEISIS As the eye moves from side to side these particles (crystals of tyrosin or cholesterin) look like showers of bright, shining gold or silver scales, which move with the eye. They occur more frequently in persons beyond middle life. Syncleisis (sin-Ali'-sis). Synonym of Occlusion. Synclinal (sin - Ali/- mal) [civ, together; KWivetv, to bend]. Bending or inclining in the same direction. Synclisis (sin/-Alis-is). Same as Synclitism. Synclitic (sin-klit"-ik) [ovykhírmg, leaning together]. Exhibiting or characterized by synclitism. Synclitism (sin/-klit-izm) [ovykhitmº, bending together]. A condition marked by parallelism or similarity of inclination ; parallelism between the pelvic planes and those of the fetal head. - - Synclonus (sin/-klo-mus) [ovy, with ; k?ovog, great agi- tation]. A genus of diseases, including those char- acterized by tremulous motion. Also, any abnormal, tremulous, muscular motion, as that of chorea. S. ballismus, paralysis agitans. S. tremens, general tremor. Syncopal (sin/- Áo-pal) [ovykoth, a cutting short]. Pertaining to, characterized by, or of the nature of Syncope. Syncope (sin/-ko-pe) [ovykottà, a cutting short]. A swooning or fainting. A partial or complete temporary suspension of the functions of respiration and circula- tion. S. anginosa. Synonym of Amgina Żectoris. S., Laryngeal, laryngeal vertigo. S., Local, sudden pallor and insensibility of a part. Syncopic (sin-kop/-ik) [ovykoth, a cutting short]. Of the nature of syncope; syncopal. Syncoptic (sin-kop/-tić) [ovykottukóg, cut short]. Per- taining to, having the nature of, or causing syncope. Syncotyledonous (sin-Åot-il-e'-do-mus) [civ, together; Korvåmóów, any cup-shaped hollow]. In biology, char- terized by coalescent cotyledons. - Syncranius (sin-Ara'-me-us) [otiv, with ; Kpaviov, skull]. The superior maxilla. Syncranterian (sing - Aram - te’-re-an) [civ, together; Kpavrijpeg, the wisdom-teeth]. In biology, applied to such serpents as have the posterior teeth forming a con- tinuous row with the anterior. Syncretism (sin/-kre-tizm) [ovykpmriſelv, to combine]. The blending of various tenets or theories into one. Syncrisis (sin/-Aris-is) [ovykptvetv, to coagulate]. Co- agulation or solidification of one or more liquids. Syncritic (sin-krit/-ić). Synonym of Astringent. Syncytial (sin-sit/-e-al) [oiv, together; Kirog, a hollow]. Pertaining to a syncytium. Syncytium (sin - sit/- e - um) [otºv, together; kūTog, a cell ; pl. , Syncytia]. In biology, a tissue in which no cell-boundaries can be recognized; a mass of protoplasm with nuclei scattered throughout. Syndactyl (sin-dak/-til) [oiv, together; 6ákrvãog, a digit]. Having the adjoining fingers or toes bound together. Syndactylia (sin-dak-tiſ/-e-ah). Same as Syndactylism. Syndactylism (sin - dak/- til - izm) [oiv, together; Öákrvžog, finger]. Adhesion between fingers or toes; webbed fingers. Syndactylous (sin-dak/-fil-us). Same as Syndactyl, Syndectomy (sin - dek/- to- me) [civöeoplog, ligament; éktopſh, a cutting out]. See Peritomy. Syndelphus (sin - del/-fus) [oin, together; ide??óg, brother]. A monocephalic double monstrosity with a single pelvis, united thoraces, four upper and four lower extremities. Syndemnium (sin - dem /-me-um) [giv, together; dépavlov, couch, bed]. A peculiar, remarkable, hollow space in the middle of the subumbrella, the “porticus subgenitalis,” the “subgenital vestibule,” found only 1447 SYNENCEPHALIA in two families of the Rhizostoma (i. e., Versuridae and Crambessidae). Syndendrium (sin - den / - are - um) [oiv, together; 6évôptov, a little tree]. In biology, the thick, flat, quadrate disc, suspended from four stout pillars (dendrostyles) and formed of the united trunks of the polypiferous tree of the Achizostoma. Syndesis (sin-de/-sis) ſovvóeiv, to bind together]. state of being bound together. Syndesmectopia (sin-dez-meA-to/-pe-ah) [civöeoplog, a bond; Škróttoſ, out of place]. Ligamentous dis- placement. Syndesmitis (sin-dez-mi'-tis) [oivöeopoc, a ligament; ttig, inflammation]. Inflammation of one or more ligaments. S. catarrhalis. Synonym of Conjuncti- zyitis, Catarrhal. Syndesmodiastasis (sin-dez-mo-di-as/-tas-is) [civöeo- Hog, ligament; Özáotagug, separation]. Separation of the ligaments. Syndesmodontoid (sin-dez-mo-don/-toid) ſavvóeguog, ligament; odontoid J. Formed by the transverse liga- ment of the atlas and the odontoid process of the axis. Syndesmography (sin-dez-mog/-ra-ſe) [civöeoplog, liga- ment; ypájetv, to write]. The structure and descrip- tive anatomy of the ligaments. Syndesmology (sin-dez-mo/-o-ſe) [civöeoplog, ligament; Żóyoç, treatise]. The sum of what is known regard- ing the nature, functions, and diseases of ligaments. Syndesmoma (sin-dez-mâm/-ah) [aivéeoplog, ligament; ôua, tumor]. A new growth containing a large amount of connective tissue. Syndesmopathia (sin-dez-mo-pa/-the-ah). Synonym of AMesmopathy. Syndesmosis (sin-dez-mo/-sis) [o.ſvöeoplog, ligament]. The articulation of two or more bones by ligaments. Syndesmotic (sin-dez-mot/-īk) [civöeoplog, ligament]. Bound together. Syndesmotomy (sin -dez-mot/-o-me) [o.ſvöeoplog, liga- ment; Téuvetv, to cut]. Dissection or section of the ligaments. Syndesmus (sin - dez/- mus) [civöeoplog, ligament]. A ligament. Syndrome (sin/-drām) [civ, together; 6pópog, a run- ning]. A word denoting the aggregate symptoms of a disease. See, also, Symptom-complex. S. of Weber, paralysis of the oculo-motor nerves of one side (that of the cerebral lesion) and of the members, the face, and the hypoglossal nerve of the other side. It is usually due to a lesion limited to the inferior and inner part of the one cerebral peduncle. Syndyasmus (sin-di-az’-mus). Synonym of Copulation. Synechia (sin-e-ki’-ah or si-me/-ke-ah) [avvéxeta ; at v, together; £retv, to hold : pl., Synechia). A morbid union of parts. See Iris. Synechiae pericardii, adhesions of the pericardium. Synechotome (sin -ek/-o - tom) [ovvéxeuv, to hold to- gether; tºpºvetv, to cut]. An instrument for the divi- sion of adhesions, particularly of the membrana tympani. Synechotomy (sin-ek-of/-o-me) ſavvérea, to hold to- gether; Tāuvetv, to cut]. The division of synechiae between the membrana tympani and the inner wall of the tympanum. Synedral (sin-e/-dral) [obv, together; Šćpa, seat]. In biology, growing upon the angle of the stem. Synedrous (sin-e/-drus) [civ, together; £6pa, a seat]. Same as Synedral. Synema (sin-e'-mah) [otºv, with ; viſua, a thread: A/., Synemata]. In biology, the column formed by the united filaments of monodelphous stamens. Synencephalia (sin-en-seſ-a/-le-ah) [oiv, with ; Śyké- pažoc, the brain]. The condition of a synencephalus. The SYNENCEPHALOCELE Synencephalocele (sin-en-sef/-al-o-sel) [oiv, with ; ëyképažoç, brain; kážm, a tumor]. An encephalocele arising from abnormal adhesions, probably the result of some intra-uterine inflammation. Synencephalus (sin-en-sef’-al-us) [civ, with; #ycéº- ałog, brain]. A monster having two bodies with but a single head. Synenergia (sin-en-ur/-je-ah). See Synergy. Synergetic (sin-erjet/-i}) ſovvepyóg, working together]. Exhibiting synergy; working together. Synergic (sin-ur/-již) [ovvepyóg, working together]. Exhibiting or pertaining to synergy. Synergida (sin-ur’-jid-ah) [oivépyüç, working together: pl., Synergidae]. In biology, a term applied to the two cells of the egg-apparatus that are associated with the germ-cell in the embryo-sac. Synergist (sin/-ur-fist) [ovvepyóg, working together]. A thing or drug which co-operates with another. Synergy (sin/-ur-je) [oin, together; £pyeiv, work: pl., Synergies]. In biology, the simultaneous or sympa- thetic action of different organs. Synesthesia (sin -es - theſ-ze-ah) [oin, with ; aioffmotº, sensation]. A phenomenon consisting in a sensation being felt or located in one part of the body, as the result of an irritation at some remote or distant point. Syneurosis (sin-u-ro/-sis). See Symneurosis. Syngenesious (sin-jen-e'-ze-us) [obv, together; yévéotſ, generation]. In biology, a term applied to stamens which are united by their anthers. Syngenesis (sin -jen/- es - is) [otiv, together; yévectſ, generation]. In biology, generation by means of the combined qualities of both the male and female re- productive bodies, as a doctrine distinguished from spermism or the theory of incasement, as well as from epigenesis. Syngenic (sin-jen/-i}). Synonym of Congenital. Syngignoscism (sin - gig/- no - sizm) [obv, together; ytyvögely, to know]. A term proposed as a synonym of hypnotism, from a prominent symptom, “the agree- ing of one mind with another mind.” Syngonidium (sing-go - mid/- e - um) [ain, together; yóvoç, generation, seed]. In biology, an aggregation of gonidia. Synidrosis (sin-id-ro/-sis) [oiv, together; iópóg, sweat]. Concurrent sweating. The association of perspiration with another condition. Synizesis (sin-iz-e'-sis) [ovvíčmotg]. Closure or oblitera- tion of the pupil. Synkinesis (sin - Ain – e'– sis) [oiv, together; kivmotç, movement]. Involuntary movement taking place in one part of the body synchronously with or in consequence of a voluntary or reflex movement in another part. Synneurosis (sin-nu-ro’-sis). See Syndesmosis. Synocha (sin/-o-kah). See Synochus. Synochal (sin/-o-ka!) [oivoxog, continued]. ing to synocha. Synochoid (sin/-o-Aoid) [otºvoxog, continued]. sembling synochus. Synochus (sin/-o - Aus) [o.ſvoxog, continuous; pl., Synochi. J. A fever continuing at a uniform degree for a considerable period. S. anniversaria, a fever that returns annually at the same time for several years. S. ardens, S. putris, typhoid fever. S. scorbutica, a fever caused by scurvy. Synocil (sin/-o-sil) [o.ſv, with ; cilium, lash]. In biology, a cylindric or conic bundle of sensory fila- ments in certain sponges, possibly having a visual func- tion. Synoecious, Synecious (sin - eſ-shus) [otiv, together; olkeiv, to live]. In biology, having male and female flowers or organs in one cluster. Synonym (sin/-o-nim) [affy, together ; Śvoua, a name]. Pertain- Re- 1448 SYNOVITIS A word which can replace another word without altera- tion of meaning. In medicine, any variant name by which a disease, an organ, or a part of the body may be known. Synonymatic (sin-on-im-at'-ić) [oºv, together; 6voua, a name]. A purer form of Synonymic, or synonymical, and applied by naturalists to lists of technical names or onyms, including the synonyms. Synophthalmia (sin-off-thal/-me-ah) [oºv, together; ôpffažplóg, eyel. A malformation in which the orbits form a single, continuous cavity. This condition is called, also, Cyclopia. Synophthalmos (sin - off-thal/- mos). Cyclops. * Synophyty (sin-off/-it-e) [o.ſv, together; $vrév, plant]. In biology, the cohesion of two or more embryos in a seed. | Synopsia (sin-ops/-e-ah) [oiv, together; Śip, eye]. Congenital union of the eyes. Synopsis (sin-off’-sis) [oºv, together; 6 pig, a seeing]. A classified collation. A general view. Synorchism (sin-or/-Aizm) [oiv, together; 6pxic, testi- cle]. Adhesion or fusion of the two testicles. Synoscheos (sin-os/-ke-os) [oºv, with ; boxeog, scrotum]. A condition of adherence between the skin of the penis and that of the scrotum. Synosteography (sin -os-te-og/-ra -ſe) [civ, together; ôotéov, bone; ypápetv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the joints. Synosteology (sin-os-te-o/-o-je) [civ, together; botéov, bone; %yog, knowledge]. The sum of what is known regarding the joints. Synosteosis (sin-os-te-o/-sis). See Synostosis. Synosteotomy (sin -os-te-of/-o- me) [otiv, together; botéov, bone; topiń, a cutting]. The dissection of the articulations of bones; anatomy of the joints. Synostosed (sin/-os- tozd) [ow, together; bone]. Joined in bony union. Synostosis (sin-os-to/-sis) [obv, together; boréov, bone]. Union of fractures or bones by osseous material. Synostotic (sin-os-tof/-ić) [oºv, together; botéov, bone]. Pertaining to or of the nature of synostosis. Synotia (sin -o/-she-ah) [oiv, together; oig, ear]. Union of the ears, as in certain monsters. Synotus (sin-o’-tus) [civ, together; oig, ear]. A syncephalic monstrosity having the ears fused. Synovectomy (sin-o-vek/-to-me). See Arthrectomy. Synovia (sin-o’-we-ah) [oºv, with ; $6v, an egg]. The lubricating fluid secreted within synovial membranes. Synovial (sin-o’-we-al) [synovialis, oiv, together; Øów, egg]. Pertaining to the synovia. S. Membrane. See Memôrazze. Synovin (sin/-o-vin) [oºv, with ; 96v, egg]. of mucin found in synovia. Synoviparous (sin -o-viº/-ar-us) [synovia, synovia; parere, to produce]. Producing or secreting synovia. Synovitis (sin-o-vi'-tis) [synovia, synovia ; trug, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a synovial membrane. S., Chronic Purulent. Synonym of Fungous Arthri- tis. S., Chronic Serous. Synonym of Hydrar. throsis. S., Dry, synovitis with little if any exudate. S., Exanthematous, synovitis produced by the exan- themata. S., Fibrinous. See S., Dry. S., Fun- gous. Synonym of Fungous Arthritis. S., Gonor- rheal. Synonym of Rheumatism, Gomorrhea/. S., Lipomatous, synovitis in which the new-formation undergoes fatty degeneration. S., Metritic, a syno- vitis secondary to uterine infection. S., Puerperal synovitis occurring after childbirth, and due to septic infection. S., Purulent, synovitis with suppuration. S., Scarlatinal, synovitis occurring in an attack of scarlet fever. S., Syphilitic, synovitis due to syph- Synonym of y z ooſteov, The form SYNPLAST ilitic inflammation. S., Tendinous, inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon. S., Tu- berculous, synovitis with deposits of tubercle. S., Urethral. Synonym of Gomorrheal Synovitis. Synplast (sin/-plast) [oin, together; tràáooetv, to form, mold]. In biology, a unit or group of protoplasts. Synsepalous (sin-sep/-al-us) [oiv, together; sepalum, a sepal]. Same as Gamosepalous. Synspermy (sin-sper/-me) [civ, fogether; Yorépua, seed]. In biology, the union of two or more seeds. Syntagma (sin-tag/-mah) [oivrayua, that which is put together]. In biology, Pfeiffer's term for a body or aggregation of tagmata. See Zagma. Syntasis (sin/-tas-is) [aintaolc; ovvretvety, to stretch to- gether]. A stretching, or tension. Syntatic (sin-tat'-i}) [ovvretvety, to stretch together]. Pertaining to or characterized by syntasis. Syntaxis (sin - taks/-īs) [ovvráooetv, to arrange]. I. Articulation. 2. Reduction, taxis. 3. A suture. Syntecopyra (sin - teå-op/-ir-ah) [ovvtåketv, to waste away; Tüp, fire]. Colliquative fever. Syntectic (sin-tek/-tik) [ovvrmkrticóg]. characterized by syntexis; wasting. Syntenosis (sin-ten-o’-sis) [oiv, together; Tévov, ten- don]. Articulation by means of tendons, as in the human digits. - Synteresis (sin-fer-e'-sis) [ovvrápmotç; avvrmpeiv, to guard with]. Preventive treatment, or hygiene; prophylaxis. Synteretic (sin-ter-et/-i}) [avyrmpmtikóc, preservative]. Pertaining to prophylaxis, or synteresis; hygienic; preventive. •, Syntexis (sin-teås/-īs) [ointeşic; ovvráketv, to melt to- gether]. A wasting; tabes ; phthisis. Synthermal (sin-ther/-mal). Same as Isothermal. Synthesis (sin/-the-sis) [oiv6eotg; giv, with ; Tiffval, to place]. In chemistry, the formation, artificially, of a compound by combining its proximate parts. Synthetic (sin-thet/-ić) [oiv, with ; Tiffval, to place]. Pertaining to synthesis. Compounded. Synthorax (sin-tho'-ražs). Synonym of 7%.oracopagus. Syntonin (sin/- to - min) [oivrovog, contracted]. An acid-albumin obtained by the prolonged action of dilute hydrochloric acid upon minced muscle. It is also formed in the stomach during digestion. Syntrimma, Syntripsis (sin-trim/-ah, sin-trip/-sis). Synonym of Commimzetion. Syntrope (sin/-tróp) [ain, together; Tpéſtetv, to turn]. One of a set of syntropic parts (opposed to anti- trope). Syntropic (sin-trop’-ić) [civ, together; Tpéretv, to turn]. Similar, and turned in the same direction (thus the ribs of either side are synáropic; those of opposite sides are antitropic). Syntropy (sin/-tro-pe) [oiv, together; TpéTelv, to turn]. In biology, Wilder's term for the morphotropic rela- tion between parts upon the same side of a structural plane. Pertaining to or Synulosis (sin -u- lo’-sis) [ovvoú2004: ; ot?, scar]. Cicatrization ; cicatrix. Synulotic (sin - at - lot/- ié) [ovvovãortkóc, healing]. Promoting cicatrization. Synymensis (sin-im-en/-sis). Synonym of Syndesmosis. Synzygia (sin-zij/-e-ah) [ovčvyta, a junction ; Giºv, to- gether; ºvyóv, a yoke, any means of joining together]. See Syzygy. Syphilelcos, Syphilelcus (sifi/-el/-kos, sift-iſ-e/-äus) [syphilis, syphilis; 8%kóc, ulcer]. Syphilitic ulcer. Chancre. Syphilelcosis (sif-il-el-ko’-sis) [syphilis, syphilis; 8%koç, ulcer]. The condition or progress of syphilitic ulcer- ation; the condition of having a chancre. 1449 SYPHILID Syphilid, Syphilide (sif/-iſ-id) [ME., syphilis, syph- ilis]. Any disease of the skin due to syphilis. S., Acneiform, one of the early and rare forms of the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis. Its favorite posi- tions are the face and shoulders. It is marked by the formation of flat pustules, about the eighth of an inch in diameter, on a dark-red, raised base, with a narrow areola. S., Annular. See Syphiloderma circinatum. S., Bullous, a syphilitic skin-ulceration that occurs in two forms, the rupial and ‘‘pemphigoid.” They differ from the other vesicular and pustular syphilids in not being placed on a raised, red base, and the areola is often pink, and not the usual raw-ham color. S., Circinate. See Syphiloderma circinatum. S., Ecthymatous, a form occurring only in the cachectic, and characterized by the presence of large pustules, which may be superficial or deep, the former occur- ring mainly in the early stage, the deep in the third period. The lesion commences around a hair-follicle, is about a third or a quarter of an inch in diameter, dries into a greenish scab on a raised, red base, develops slowly, and lasts for a few weeks. It is most common on the lower limbs. S., Erythematous. See Roseola, Syphilitic. S., Follicular, Miliary Syphilid; Syphilitic Zichen, a variety of papular syphilid in which the hair-follicles are the seat of the lesion. The lesion may be large or small. The /arger occurs in the first six months of the disease, in irregular groups of from three or four to twenty, on the extensor aspect of the limbs and the back. The papules are about the size of a large pin's head or millet-seed, bright-red at first, soon changing to brownish-red, and crowned with a small scale. They appear in crops. The small form is very rare, is most common in women, and occurs in the first or second year of the disease. The papules are the size of a large or small pin's head, pink at first, then fawn- colored, thickly crowded together in groups. S., Her- petiform. See S., Vesicular. S., Impetiginous, Syphilitic /mpetigo, small pustules, single or aggre- gated, appearing on the scalp, and covered by yellowish- gray or brown crusts, forming patches around a single hair-group. S., Lenticular, one of the common, early eruptions, often following closely upon or mixed up with the erythematous lesion. The papules are few or many, but not closely packed, and only grouped around the mouth and genitals. The usual sites are the forehead, lower part of the face, the nape and back, the flexor aspect of the limbs, and about the genito-anal passages. The lesions are from an eighth to half an inch in diameter, distinctly raised, sharply defined, flatly convex, of a deep-red tint (though they may be pale), firm and smooth. S., Macular. See Aºoseola, Syphilitic. S., Miliary. See S., Aol/ic- zelar. S., Nodular, Tubercular Syphilid', convex projections of the skin, too large to be called papules. They are most common in the tertiary period, but may also be an early manifestation. They vary from a quarter to a half an inch in diameter, are sharply defined, considerably raised, of the character. istic coppery color, occasionally breaking down and ulcerating, with thick scabs, and much inflammation around, accompanied with much pain, and followed by white, depressed scars. They are solitary or few on the face, limbs, and trunk, but are not grouped, save in the tertiary stage. S., Nummular. See Syphi/o- derma papulo-squamosa/m. S., Orbicular. See Syphiloderma circinatum. S., Papular, a papular, syphilitic eruption on the skin or mucous mem- brane. S., Pemphigoid, Syphilitic Pemphigus, a rare eruption in acquired syphilis and occurring almost exclusively in the congenital form. It is usually SYPHILIDIATRIA 1450 limited to the palms and soles, but may be widely spread. The contents seldom remain clear long. S., Pigmentary, Syphilitic Zeukoderma, most common from the sixth to the twelfth month of the disease. It is rather a rare condition, but is seen much more fre- quently in women than in men, and in brunets than in fair women. Its seat is chiefly on the neck, especially at the sides and back; it may occasionally be seen on the face, chest, or flank. The lesions are irregularly margined, round or oval spots, from an eighth to one inch in diameter, well-defined or ill- defined, with a yellowish-brown color. They may be discrete or confluent. They last from two months to several years, or may be permanent. S., Pustular, the termination occasionally of the vesicular syphilid. The contents become purulent, a crust forms, ulcer- ation may go on under it, and a pigmented depression or scar is left, S., Rupial, one of the most character- istic syphilids occurring in the second and third years of the disease, and associated with profound cachexia. The lesion is the characteristic stratified, conic, limpet- shell crust, which on removal leaves a sharply punched-out ulcer, shelving toward the center. These lesions are usually few in number, and on the limbs. S., Squamous. See Syphiloderma papulo-squamo- sum. S., Tubercular. See S., AWodular. S., Varicelliform, a form of vesicular syphilid in which the vesicles may be either convex or umbili- cated, and their contents cloudy. They are situated on a slightly raised plateau, of the usual dull-red color. After a few days the vesicles dry into thick, adherent crusts of a greenish-black color. The course is slow. S., Varioliform, a slight modification of the varicelliform, causing the lesion to resemble the vario- lous eruption. S., Vesicular, an early skin-eruption of syphilis, appearing in the first six months. It may be small (very rare) or large. The lesions of the latter are grouped (herpetiform syphilid) in irregular, circin- ate, or serpiginous forms. The vesicles have a deep-red base, rupture at the end of a week, and dry up. They are common on the face, limbs, and trunk. Syphilidiatria (siſ-iſ-id-e-a/-tre-ah) [syphilis, syphilis; tarpeia, treatment]. The medicinal treatment of syph- ilis. Syphilidocolpitis (siſ-iſ-id-o-ko/-pi/-tis) [syphilis, syph- ilis; kóAtroc, vagina; trug, inflammation]. Syphilitic inflammation of the vagina. Syphilidography (siſ-iſ-id-og/-ra-ſe). See Syphilogra- /hy. - Syphilidology (siſ-iſ-id-o/-o-ſe). See Syphilology. Syphilidomania (siſ-iſ-id-o-ma/-ne-ah). See Syphilo- 7/262%202. Syphilidophobia (sif-i/-id-o-ſo/-be-ah). See Syphilo- phobia. Syphilidophthalmia (sifi!-id-off-tha/-me-ah) [syphilis, syphilis: 69ffažplóg, eye). Syphilitic ophthalmia. Syphilifer (sif/-iſ-if-er) [syphilis, syphilis]. One who conveys syphilis. Syphiliphobia (sif-i/-/-o/-be-ah). See Syphilophobia. Syphilis (sif/-i/-is) [s/hi/is, syphilis]. A chronic, in- fectious disease believed to be due to a specific organ- ism and characterized by a variety of structural lesions of which the chancre, the mucous patch, and the gumma are the most distinctive. A bacillus has been found in the lesions by Lustgarten and others, but whether it is the real cause or not has not been defi- nitely determined. The disease is generally acquired in sexual congress, hence its earliest manifestations appear upon the genital organs, but any abraded surface of the body, if brought in contact with the syphilitic poison, may give entrance to the infection. The earliest lesion of acquired syphilis is the chancre, initial sclero- SYPHILIS sis, or primary sore, which appears after a period of incu- bation varying from two to three weeks. It is usually a reddish-brown papule with an ulcerated central spot, and has a slightserous or purulent discharge. Taken between the fingers, it is found to have a peculiar cartilaginous hardness. Microscopically it consists of an accumulation of round cells, epithelioid cells, with, perhaps, a giant- cell here and there. The blood-vessels present a hyper- plasia of the intima, to which in part the induration of the chancre is due. Very soon after the appearance of the chancre the nearest lymphatic glands become en- larged and indurated—the indolent buboes of syphilis. The chancre is generally solitary and is not auto-inocu- lable. The mucous patch, condyloma latum, moist papule, or mucous tubercle is located upon mucous membranes, at muco-cutaneous junctions, or where two skin-surfaces are in habitual contact. It is a flat, scarcely elevated patch, on mucous membranes gener- ally covered by a whitish pellicle. Under the micro- scope we find a round-cell infiltration of the upper layers of the corium, some of the round cells pene- trating between the cells of the epidermis. There is also a considerable quantity of fluid exudate, which in- filtrates and loosens the epithelial elements. The gumma or gummy tumor is a rounded nodule, varying in size from the dimensions of a pea to those of a Small apple. Its favorite seats are the periosteum of flat bones, the membranes of the brain, the liver, spleen, and testicle. It is usually soft and contains in its interior a gelatinous “gummy’’ material. Radi- ating from and into it are bands of connective tissue; sometimes the latter forms a distinct capsule about the gumma. Histologically, it presents a cellular ac- cumulation and some new blood-vessels, which, how- ever, are inadequate for the nutrition of the newly formed tissue, hence its degeneration. In the viscera gummata are, as a rule, absorbed, their former sites being marked by stellate cicatrices. Another import- ant though not distinctive lesion produced by syphilis is a diffuse sclerosis of the blood-vessels, especially of the parenchymatous organs. The cutaneous eruptions have histologically nothing peculiar—they are inflam- matory lesions. The clinical course of syphilis is generally divided into three stages: the primary, char- acterized by the presence of the chancre and the indo- lent bubo ; the secondary, by the mucous patch, cu- taneous eruptions, sore throat, and general enlargement of the lymphatic glands; the fertiary, by the gumma and by severe skin-lesions. Between the appearance of the chancre and the secondary manifestations a period of six weeks usually elapses. The tertiary phe- nomena follow the secondary after a stage of quies- cence of variable length. The tertiary lesions are the most destructive, but are, fortunately, rarer now than in former times. Syphilis also bears an important, but as yet obscure, relation to certain diseases of the ner- vous system, such as locomotor ataxy and paretic de- mentia. Although very wide-spread, syphilis is not contagious in the ordinary sense of the word. Infection generally proceeds from a chancre or from a mucous patch ; it may be conveyed by the blood. One attack as a rule confers immunity. S., Benign, syphilis in which the symptoms are mild. S. brephotrophica, syphilis spread among infants and those engaged in their care (Bulkley). S., Congenital, syphilis present at birth. S., Constitutional, syphilis charac- terized by general manifestations. See S., Secondary. S., Cutaneous. See Syphiloderma. S. e coitu illicito. See S., pravorum. S. e coitu legitimo. See S., Marital. S., Encephalic, syphilis of the brain. S. endemica. See S. pandemica. S. epidermica. See S. pandemica. S., Equine, SYPHILISMUS an infectious disease of horses characterized by inflammatory lesions of the genital organs, enlarge- ment of the lymphatic glands, and motor weakness, sometimes going on to complete paralysis of the hind limbs. The disease may be fatal. S., Extra-genital, syphilis in which the first lesion is situated elsewhere than on the genital organs. S., Gonorrheal, a chancre of the urethra producing a discharge resemb- ling that of gonorrhea. S. hereditaria, S., Heredi- tary, S., Inherited, the syphilitic poison can tra- verse the placenta in either direction—as a rule, it is the mother who infects the child. Abortion is frequent, but if a living child is born it will develop symptoms of the inherited disease in from two weeks to three or four months after birth. These symptoms belong in part to the secondary stage, in part are peculiar. A hyperplasia of the connective tissue of the lung, liver, spleen, and pancreas is a common lesion. In the case of the first-named organ the condition is known as white pneumonia. The spleen and liver may be greatly enlarged. S. ingenita. See S., Hereditary. S. innocentium. Synonym of S. 2nsontium. S. insontium, syphilis of the innocent, 2. e., syphilis acquired in an innocent manner, or non- venereal syphilis. S. insontium sine coitu, non- venereal syphilis acquired otherwise than by sexual intercourse. S., Intra-uterine, syphilis acquired during intra-uterine existence. It is generally con- sidered as a form of hereditary syphilis. S. invete- rata. Synonym of S., Tertiary. S., Latent, syph- ilis in which the symptoms are in abeyance. S., Malignant, syphilis characterized by very destructive lesions, especially by gummata that appear early and degenerate rapidly. S., Marital, syphilis acquired in lawful wedlock. S. modificata. Synonym of Syphiloid. S., Non-venereal. Synonym of S. insontium. S. occulta, syphilis appearing in persons who give no history of primary or secondary lesions. S., Oeconomica, a form of syphilis insontium, in which the disease is acquired through eating and drinking or other household utensils, or by incidental contact with syphilitic persons (Bulkley). S. pandemica, syphilis which has extended widely after the manner of other contagious diseases. It may appear in an epidemic or an endemic form. In the former, the disease spreads with great rapidity and affects many persons; in the latter, it spreads more slowly and limits itself to a tribe or nation for a long time |. S. pravorum, syphilis acquired in illegitimate sexual intercourse. S., Primary, syph- ilis during the period intervening between the appear- ance of the chancre and that of the secondary phenom- ena. S., Secondary, syphilis during the period in which the secondary phenomena are present. See Syphilis. S. sine coitu, syphilis not acquired by sexual contact. S. sporadica, syphilis insontium oc- curring in an isolated or sporadic manner (Bulkley). S. technica, syphilis acquired in following one's occupation, as by physicians, midwives, nurses. S., Tertiary. See Syphilis. S. universalis, syphilis affecting the entire body. S., Vaccination, syphilis acquired at the time of vaccination by the use of vaccine-lymph from a syphilitic subject, or subse- quently by the inoculation of the wound. S., Ven- ereal, syphilis acquired in illegitimate sexual inter- course. S., Visceral, syphilis of the viscera—the lesions are either inflammatory or in the form of gummata. Syphilismus (sift-iſ-iz'-mus). Synonym of Syphilis. Syphilitic (sifi/-iº/-ic) [syphilis, syphilis]. Pertaining to or affected with syphilis. Syphilization (sifi!-iz-a/-shun) [syphilis, syphilis]. In- 1451 SYPHILONYCHIA oculation with the pus of a chancre. The term is also used to express a sort of immunity against fresh inocu. lation of syphilis, from the fact of previous inocula- tion. Syphilized (sif/- il - izd) [syphilis, syphilis]. with hereditary syphilis. Syphiloderma (sif-i/-o - der/-mah) [syphilis, syphilis; déppia, skin]. Oermatosyphilis, Sjp/i/is cutanea, a term including the various manifestations upon the skin due to syphilis. The early lesions are manifold, of a reddish-brown, coppery color and leave pigment-stains; they are symmetric, polymorphous, show a tendency to circular grouping, seldom itch or cause subjective symptoms, and develop slowly. The fertiary rashes are always ulcerative and result from the breaking down of gummata; they occur on any part of the body, are unsymmetrically distributed, extend centrifugally while healing in the center and leave flat, white scars. They are usually seen on the palms and soles. S. circina- tum, circinate, orbicular, or annular syphilid; ſepra syphilitica; a form of squamous syphilitic skin-eruption of the secondary period. It occurs during the first year of the disease and may be quite early. The favorite positions are the nape and other parts of the neck, fore- head, and around the chin and mouth. It occurs in cir- cles from half an inch to an inch in diameter, which may form gyrate figures with clear centers and sharply de- fined, distinctly raised borders, with some scales. S., Papulo-squamosum, nummular syphilid; squamous syphilid, syphilitic psoriasis ; a papular skin-eruption seen at any period of the first, and occasionally in the second year of syphilis, followed by desºluamation, the scales ranging in size from a quarter to three-quarters of an inch in diameter. They are usually scanty and dirty-looking, but may be abundant and silvery. The lesions are seen all over the body, and may persist for months. Syphilodermia (siſ-il-o-der/-me-ah). derma. Syphilographer (sif-il-og/-ra-fer) [sºphilis, syphilis; ypáðelv, to write]. One who writes on syphilis. Syphilography (sif - il- og/- ra -ſe) [syphilis, syphilis; ypápetv, to write]. A descriptive treatise on syphilis, its forms, distribution, etc. Syphiloid (sif'-il-oid) [syphilis, syphilis; eiðog, resem- blance]. An endemic disease of Lithuania, Poland, and other regions, and which is probably identical with syphilis. Also known as Syphilis modificata. S., Canadian, a disease which in some respects resembled syphilis, and prevailed in Canada during part of the eighteenth century. S. of Courland, a disease ob- served at Courland, Russia, having many of the symptoms of syphilis. S., Hessian, a form of dis- ease resembling syphilis, at one time prevalent in Hesse. S., Jutland, a disease resembling syphilis observed in Jutland, Denmark. Syphilolepis (sif-i/-o/-ep-is) [syphiſis, syphilis; Aetic, scale]. A scaly or furfuraceous eruption of syphilitic Origin. Syphilology (sif-i/-o/-o-je) [syphilis, syphilis; 7.6).og, science]. The sum of knowledge regarding the origin, nature, and treatment of syphilis. Syphiloma (sif- il - o'- mah) [s]://iſis, syphilis; 5ua, tumor : pſ., Syphilomata]. A gummatous tumor of syphilitic origin. Syphilomania (sêf-il-o-ma/-ne-ah) [syphilis, syphilis: Havía, mania]. The inclination to attribute diseases to syphilis. The morbid belief in the presence of syphilis. Syphilomatous (sif- il-o'- mat - us) [syphilis, syphilis; Öua, tumor]. Pertaining to syphiloma. Syphilonychia (sêf-il-o-mik/-e-ah) [suphilis, syphilis; ôvvš, nail]. An onychia of syphilitic origin. S. Affected: Same as Syphilo- SYPHILOPATHY exulcerans, syphilitic onychia with ulceration. S. sicca, syphilitic onychia without ulceration. Syphilopathy (siſ/-il-op/-ath-e)[syphilis, syphilis; tróðoç, disease]. Any syphilitic disease. Syphilopemphis (siſ-il-o-pem/-ſis) [syphilis, syphilis; treppig, a blister]. Pemphigus of syphilitic origin. Syphilophobe (siſ/-il-o-fab) [sy//i/is, syphilis; på80ç, fear]. One affected with syphilophobia. Syphilophobia (sif-il-o-fo/-be-a/) [syphilis, syphilis; $630g, dread]. A morbid condition in which the patient imagines himself to be diseased with syphilis. Also an intense dread of syphilitic infection. Syphilophyma (sif- il-o-fi/- mah) [syphilis, syphilis; püua, growth J. Syphiloma of the skin. Syphiloscleroma (siſ-il-o-skle-ro'-mah). Chazzcre. Syphilosis (siſ-il-o/-sis) [syphilis, syphilis]. disease. Syphilous (sif'-i/-us). Same as Syphilitic. Syphionthus (sif-e-on/-thus) [syphilis, syphilis; iov6og, an eruption on the face]. The copper-colored erup- tions or fawn-colored, furfuraceous patches of syphil- itic origin. Syphon (si/-ſon). Synonym of Siphon. Syphonage (si/-ſon-áj). See Siphonage. Syphonoma (siºſon-o’-mah), Synonym of Sºphonoma. Syriac Ulcer. Synonym of Diphtheria. Syrigmophonia (sir- ig-mo-fo/-ne-a/, ) [ ovptogetv, to hiss; pová, voice]. A piping or whistling state of the voice. Syrigmus (sir-ig/-mus) [ovpiogetv, to hiss]. Any sub- jective hissing, murmuring or tinkling sound heard in the ear. Syringe (sir/-inj) [ouplyś, a pipe). An apparatus for the injection of a liquid into a cavity of the body. Syringeal (sir - in/-je - al) [ ouplyś, a pipe). Relating or belonging to the syrinx. Syringin (sir - in/-jin ) [oipty;, tube]. glucosid obtained from Syringa vulgaris. Syringitis (sir-in-ji/-tis) [aipty;, tube; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the Eustachian tube. Syringium (si-rin/ºſe-um) [ciply;, a pipe: pl., Syrin- gia]. In biology, a tubular repugnatorial organ on certain caterpillars. Syringocele, Syringocoelia (sir-àng/-go-sé!, sir-ing-go- se/-/e-ah) [aipty;, tube; kothia, hollow]. The cavity or central canal of the myelon or spinal cord. Syringo-cystadenoma (sir-ing/-go-sis-fad-en-o’-mah) [o Uptyś, a pipe; Icío Tug, a cyst; 60%v, gland; 5ua, tumor]. A peculiar disease of the skin that probably begins in embryonic sweat-glands. The eruption consists in a number of small, round, hard, raised papules of the color of the skin, which tend to grow larger and become of a bluish-red color. There are no subjective symptoms. Syringoid (sir-ing/-goid). Synonym of Fistulous. Syringomeningocele (sir - ing/ -go - men - in/-go - sel) [aipty;, pipe; uſivtyś, membrane; Khºm, tumor]. A meningocele resembling a syringo-myelocele. Syringomyelia (sir-ing/-go-mi-e'-le-a/.) [oiptyś, tube; plve?66, marrow]. The morbid condition caused by the presence of an adventitious cavity in the spinal cord or by the dilatation of the central canal. Syringomyelitis (sir-ing/-go-mi-el-i/-tis) [ciply:, tube; plve?óg, marrow ; trug, inflammation]. The inflamma- tion coincident with or preceding syringomyelus. Syringo-myelocele (sir-ing/-go-mi/-el-o-sé/) [oilplyś, tube; plve?óg, marrow ; Kolā6ç, hollow]. Synonym of spina biftda. Syringomyelus (sir-ing/-go-mi/-el-us) [aipty;, tube ; plvez.6g, marrow]. An abnormal dilatation of the cen- tral canal of the spinal cord in which the central gray Synonym of Syphilitic A crystalline 1452 SYSTEM column is converted into connective tissue, the inte- rior softening and forming a cavity. A disease similar to this in children is called hydromyelia. Syringomyon (sir-ing-go-mi/-on) [oiptyś, a pipe; uvów, a muscle]. In biology, one of the intrinsic muscles of the syrinx in birds. Syringotome (sir-ing/-go-tom) [ciply;, tube; Téuvetv, to cut]. An instrument for incision of a tube or fistula; a canaliculus-knife; it is also used by ana- tomists. Syringotomy (sir-ing-goº/-o-me) [oiptyś, tube; togh, a cutting]. The operation of laying open a fistula in azzo by incision. Syrinx (sir/-inks) [owplyś, tube : pl. , Syringes]. A tube, a fistula. In biology, the lower larynx or voice-organ of a bird. It is especially developed in the Oscines, or singing birds. See Syringe. Syrup, Sirup (sir/-up) [siropus, syrup). A syrup. In pharmacy, a concentrated solution of sugar in an aqueous fluid. Syrups may be simple (consisting of sugar and water only), flavored, or medicated. There are thirty-one syrups official in the U. S. Pharma- copeia besides 37 in the N. F. S., Eaton's, syrup of the phosphates of iron, quinin, and Strychnin. S., Hive, compound syrup of squills. S., Simple, the aqueous solution of sugar without other ingredi- entS. Syrupy (sir/-up-e) [siropus, syrupJ. consistence of a syrup. Sysoma (si-so’-ma/) [otiv, together; Göſta, body: pl., Sysomata]. A double monstrosity with two separate heads, but with the bodies fused in more or less inti- mate union. Sysomic (si-so’-mik) [otiv, together; cºua, body]. Of the nature of a sysoma, Syspasia (sis-pa/-2e-ah). Synonym of Convulsion. Syssarcosic (sis-ar-Ao’-sić) [otºv, together; odpé, flesh]. Of the nature of or relating to a syssarcosis. Syssarcosis (sis-ar-ko/-sis) [oiv, together; Gápé, flesh]. The union of bone by the interposition of muscular tissue. Systalsis (sis-ta/-sis). Synonym of Systole. Systaltic (sis-ta/-tić) [ovata%ttkóc; giv, with ; oréWAetv, to set]. Pulsatory; contracting; having a systole. Systasis (sis/-tas-is) [otoragic]. Consistency, density. System (sis/-tem) [abotmua, system]. A methodic ar- rangement of parts. A combination of parts into a whole. In biology, an assemblage of parts or organs of the same or similar tissues. In microscopy, there may be found from one to five systems in a single objective. Each system may consist of one, two, or three lenses. When more than one they are cemented together. The systems are called in their order: anterior or front, middle, and posterior. S., Anterior, or Front, in the microscope, the system of lenses nearest the object. S., Brunonian. See Brunonian. S., Cerebro-spinal, the brain, spinal cord, and their vari- ous branches. S., Circulatory, the blood-vessel sys- tem. S., Dermoid, Bichat’s term for the skin and its derivatives. S.-disease, a disease of the cerebro- spinal axis affecting a tract of nerve-fibers or nerve-cells having common anatomic relations and physiologic properties. S., Glandular, the glandular organs of the body considered as a whole. S., Human, the human body and its organs. S., Ling’s. See Zing. S., Middle, the lenses of the microscope between the anterior and posterior systems. S., Muscular, the muscles, their mechanism, etc. S., Nervous, the nerves of the body, cerebral, spinal, and ganglionic. S., Osseous, the skeleton. S., Posterior, in the microscope the system of lenses farthest from the object. S., Vascular, the heart and blood-vessels. Of the nature or SYSTEMA Systema (sis-te/-mah). See System. Systematic (sis-tem-at'-i}) [ovotnuatukóg, systematic]. Methodic; taxonomic; classificatory. - Systematology (sis-tem-at-o/-o-ſe) [ototmua, system; Żóyog, science]. The science of arrangement and classification. . Systemic (sis-tem/-i}) [000tmua, system]. Having the nature of or pertaining to a system. Generalized, or pertaining to the whole organism. Applied to the cir- culation in the body generally, as distinguished from that in the lungs. - Systemoid (sis/-tem-oid) [o.ſ.ormua, system; eidog, form]. A term applied to tumors composed of a num- ber of tissues resembling a system of organs; tera- toid. g Systole (sis/-to-le) ſovorožň, contraction]. The con- traction of the heart and arteries. S., Aborted, a cardiac systole which, on account of insufficient energy or mitral regurgitation, does not increase the arterial pressure. S., Anticipated, an aborted systole due to an imperfectly filled ventricle. S., Arterial, the arterial retraction following cardiac systole. S., Auricular, auricular contraction. S., Ventricular, the contraction of the ventricles. - Systolic (sis-to/-ić) [otorožm, systole]. systole. Systolometer (sis-to-lom/-et-er) [otorožm, systole; plérpov, measure]. An instrument for estimating the Pertaining to 1453 TABES intensity and quality of cardiac sounds and murmurs, and the length of the pauses. Systremma (sis-trem/-ah) [aijarpeppia, a swelling: pl., Systremmata]. Cramp in the muscles of the leg. Systrophe (sis/- tro-fe) [ovo Tpopff ; oiv, together; orpépetv, to turn]. A wrench, and the subsequent in- flammation. In biology, the massing of the chlorophyl- bodies of a cell under intense light. Cf. Apostrophe, Apistrophe. Systylous (sis/-täl-us) [o botvāog, with columns standing close]. In biology, applied (a) to flowers in which the styles cohere to form a single column; (3) to mosses in which the lid is fixed to the columella. Syzygial (siz-ij/-e-al) [otºvyog, yoked together]. Per- taining to Syzygy. Syzygium (si-zij/-e-um) [ovčíylog, yoked]. A genus of E. Indian myrtaceous trees. S. jambolanum affords an astringent bark, which is asserted to be use- ful in diabetes. Same as Syzygy. Unof. Syzygy (siz/- ?) - e.) [ovčvyog, yoked together; oiv, together; ſevyvövat, to yoke, to join : pl. , Syzygies]. In biology : I. A fusion of two bodies, without loss of identity. 2. A zygote or conjugate body, formed by the union or conjugation of two similar gametes, and usually followed by encapsulation and later by sporulation ; a syzygium. Szydlowski's Method. A method of estimating CO, in the air. See Ventilation. T. The abbreviation of Tension, referring to the intra- ocular pressure. See Tension. T.-bandage. See Bandage. T.-bone. See Zaza-bone. Tabacosis (tab-ak-o'-sis) [tabacum, tobacco]. Zenker’s term for disease of the lungs arising from inhalation of vegetable fibers, especially of cotton. Properly, that form of pneumonokoniosis due to the inhalation of tobacco-dust. Tabacum (tab-ak/-um) [L. : gen, Tabacil. Tobacco. The dried leaves of AV.cozzazza tačaczeme, native to America. Its properties are mainly due to an alkaloid, nicotin, Clo Hiſ N, which, next to prussic acid, is the most rapidly fatal poison known. Tobacco is a powerful depressant, nauseant, emetic, diaphoretic, and anti- spasmodic; it is also narcotic and sedative, lowering arterial tension. In toxic doses death occurs by par- alysis of the respiratory centers. It is used chiefly as an antispasmodic, and is said to be effectual in tetanus. T., Enema, gr. xx in 3 viij hot water for each enema. T., Ol., obtained by distillation ; violently poisonous. T., Vinum, 3.j to Oj. Dose muv–3.j. Nicotin, the alkaloid, efficient in Strychnin-poisoning. Dose mužo-ſº and up to mij in two hours. Preparations unof. Tabanid (tab/-an-id) [tabanus, a gad-fly]. Any horse- fly or gad-fly of the family Tabanidae, of which the genus Tabanus is the type. More than I300 species are known, the females of many of them being capable of inflicting a severe and painful bite. See under Parasites (Animal), Table of Tabasheer (tab/- a -sher) [Hind, tabasher]. A cor- ruption of Zabixir. An opal-like substance formed abnormally in the joints of certain species of bam- boos. This is probably the substance called Oculus mundi, and Zapis mutabilis by I7th century writers. It played a great part in medieval therapeutics as a supposed remedy for all sorts of physical and mental ills. It is used locally as a tonic, aphrodisiac, pectoral, astringent, and anti-spasmodic. Unof. Tabatière anatomique (tab - at/- e -ar an - at - om/- éé) [Fr.]. The depression at the base of the thumb on its radial aspect between the second and third extensor tendons. - Tabaxir (tab/-aks-er). See Tabasheer. Tabby-cat Striation. Peculiar markings occurring on muscles that have undergone extreme fatty degeneration. The condition is especially seen in the musculi papillares of the heart in pernicious a Ile10118. Tabebuia (tab-e-bu'-e-ah) [a native Braz. name]. A genus of bignoniaceous trees and shrubs of tropical America, of some 60 species. T. impetiginosa is mucilaginous and highly astringent, and is locally valued as a medicine. Unof. Tabefaction (tab-e - fak/-shun) [fabefacere, to melt]. Wasting; emaciation. Tabella (ta-àe/-ah) [L. : p., Zabel/el. troche. A tablet. Tabellary (fab/-el-ar-e). Same as Tabular. Tabes (ta/-bez) [L., a wasting]. Formerly used as a synonym of wasting, shrinking, or consumption. Now used as a synonym of Tabes dorsalis or Locomotor Ataxy, a disease dependent upon degeneration and Sclerosis of the posterior columns of the spinal cord. Its most pronounced symptom, incoördination of the A table. A TABESCENCE muscles of locomotion, has served to establish the term Ilocomotor A/axy as the common designation of the affection. The anatomic changes consist of atrophy and degeneration of the nerve-fibers, with hypertrophy of the connective tissue, and extend from the lumbar region to the calamus scriptorius. The symptoms are numerous, but the chief are “lightning-pains ;” un- steadiness and incoördination of locomotor and other voluntary movements, extending even to the upper ex- tremities; disorders of vision, among others the valu- able Argyll-A’obertson Pupil, 7, w. , cutaneous anes- thesia; girdle-sense; abolition of the patellar reflex; diminution of sexual desire; peculiar “crises,” etc. The disease is a very chronic one, but is not always progressive. It occurs most frequently in males, and usually between the ages of thirty and fifty. The most common cause, by some authorities said to be the only cause, is syphilis. Other predisposing, exciting or adju- vant causes are prolonged exposure to cold and wet, alcoholism, mental strain and traumatism of the spine. T. coxaria, wasting from hip-joint disease. T. ergotica, a toxemia resulting from the use of ergot; its symptomatology closely simulates that of locomotor ataxia. T. glandularis. Synonym of Z. mesenterica. T., Hereditary. See Ariedreich’s Ataxia. T., Lacteal. See Hyper/actation. T. mesentericus and T. scrofulosa, old terms descriptive of diseases of the digestive and assimilative organs, sometimes tuberculous, sometimes syphilitic, and attended with wasting. T. neurasthenica, neurasthenia with the symptoms of locomotor ataxia. T. pulmonalis, pul- monary tuberculosis. T. saturnina, the general dis- ability due to lead-poisoning. Synonym of Z. mesenterica. T., Suspension Treatment of, see Suspension. T. urinalis. Syn- onym of Diabetes mellitus. Tabescence (tab-es’-ens) [fabes, wasting]. Wasting; marasmus; emaciation. Tabescent (tab-es/-ent) [fabescere, fabescens, to waste]. Wasting, or becoming wasted, or emaciated. Tabetic (tab-et/-ić) [fabes, wasting]. Pertaining to or affected with tabes. Tabic (tab/-īk) [tabes, wasting]. Affected with tabes; of the nature of or pertaining to tabes. Tabid (tab/-īd) [tabes, wasting]. Wasted, by disease; emaciated ; affected with tabes. Tabidness (tab/-id-nes) ſtabes, wasting]. of being reduced by disease. Tabific (tab-if”-i}) [fabes, wasting ; facere, to make]. Tending to produce tabes or emaciation. Tabitude (tab’- it - lid) [tabes, a wasting]. Emaci- ation; wasting of the body. Tablature (tab/-la/-är) [tabula, a table]. Separation into tables, as exemplified in the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. Table (ta/-bl) [fabula, a table]. A flat-topped piece of furniture. Either one of the two layers, the outer and inner, of the cranial bones; the inner, from its brittleness, is also called the vitreous table. T., Bed, The state a small, portable table arranged to go across the bed. T., Operating, a table used in surgical operations. T.-spoon, T.-spoonful. See Cochleare magnum. T., Vitreous (of the skull), the inner cranial table. Tablet (tab/-let) [tabula, a table]. I. A lozenge, a troche. 2. A table, as of a cranial bone. See Table. T.-triturates, in pharmacy, small, disc-shaped bodies, prepared by moistening medicated powders with a highly volatile liquid, then molding the moistened powder, ejecting the tablet, and allowing the liquid to evaporate, when the tablets retain their shape. The basis of tablet-triturates is mostly finely-powdered sugar. They disintegrate in the alimentary canal. 1454 T. ... scrofulosa. TACHY TO MY Tabophobia (tab-o-fo/-be-a/) [tabes, pó30ç, fear]. A morbid fear of becoming affected with tabes; it is a frequent symptom in neurasthenia. Tabula (tab/-u-lah ). See Table. the septal plates of Medusae. Tabular (tab/-u-lar) [tabula, table]. Having the form of a table. - Tabulet (tab/- u - let ) [tabula, a table]. A lozenge; a tablet. Tabum (ta/-bum). Synonym of Ichor. Tac (Zak) [Fr., rot]. Synonym of Zn/?uenza. Tacahout (ta/-a-howt) [nat. Indian]. A kind of gall produced upon the Zamarisk, g. v., astringent. Unof. Tacamahac, Tacamahaca (tak/-am-a-hak, tak-am-a- /a4/-ah) [Mexican]. A resin produced by various trees of the genera Bursera, Protium, and Calophyllum ; also, the resin of the buds of Populus balsamifera, the Balm of Gilead poplar of N. America. These resins are now little used in medicine. Unof. Tacca (taš/-ah) [Malay]. A genus of large-leaved tropical plants. T. pinnatifida, Forst, yields a kind of arrow-root. Unof. Tache (tahsh) [Fr.]. A spot, a coloration. T. blanches, certain white spots described by Hanot as occurring on the liver, especially on its convex sur- face, in infectious diseases. Microscopically they present a leukocytic infiltration with bacteria. T., bleuâtre, a spot of a delicate-blue tint, sometimes observed on the skin of typhoid-fever patients. The spots are of an irregularly rounded form, and from three to eight lines in diameter; not elevated above the skin, nor affected by pressure. They are most common on abdomen, back, and thighs. They usually precede the characteristic eruption of typhoid fever. Ts. cérébrales, irregular, red, angio-paralytic patches upon the skin, noticed in some cases of epi- lepsy; also, the spot on the blastoderm about the end of the first week, which becomes the center of embryonic development. T. méningéale, the red line made when the finger-nail is drawn over the skin. It was thought to be distinctive of meningeal irritation, but may be observed in other conditions of vaso-motor paresis. Tachistoscope (tak-is/-to-sköp) [taxic, swift; oroteiv, to view]. A form of stereoscope giving rapid im- pressions by means of a movable diaphragm. Tachometer (tak-om/-et-er). See Aemotachometer. Tachycardia (talk-ik-ar/-de-ah) [Taxic, quick; Kapóta, heart]. Abnormal paroxysmal rapidity of cardiac action. The pulse may rise as high as 200 per minute. It is a comparatively rare affection, due to paral- ysis of the inhibitory nerve of the heart or to stimula- tion of the cardiac accelerator nerves. T., Essen- tial Paroxysmal, tachycardia occurring in paroxysms and due to functional disturbance of the cardiac nerves. T., Paroxysmal, tachycardia occurring peri- odically in paroxysms. T. strumosa exophthal- mica. See Exophthalmic Goiter. Tachygraph (tak/-ig. - raf) [taxic, swift; Ypápetv, to write]. Synonym of Hemotachometer. Tachyiatria (tak-e-e-a/-tre-ah) [taxic, swift; tarpeia, treatment]. The art of curing quickly. Tachyotomy (tak-e-of/-o-me) [Taxig, swift; touff, sec- tion]. Rapid dissection. Tachyphrasia (tak-ifºra/-ze-ah) [ražíg, swift; ppáqug, speech]. Morbid rapidity or volubility of speech. Tachypnea (fak-ip-me/-ah)[taxic, swift; tvoth, breath]. Abnormal frequency of respiration. Tachythanatous (tak - ith -an/-at- us) [taxic, swift; 6ávarog, death]. Rapidly fatal. Tachytomy (tak-it/-o-me) [taxłg, swift; touff, a cut- ting]. The art of operating quickly. T. cathamnales, TACITURN Taciturn (tas/-it-urn) [facifurnus, silent]. silent or reserved. Tact (fakt) [factus, tangere, to touch]. Delicacy of dis- crimination, judgment, and act. T., Medical, skill in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. See Zactus. Tactile (tak/-til) [factilis]. Pertaining to the sense of touch. T. Cells, cells representing special sensory nerve-endings, “found in the deeper layers of the epi- dermis, or the adjacent stratum of corium. They are, (I) simple, oval, nucleated elements 5–12 p. in size, resembling ganglion-cells; (2) compound, in which two or more cells are associated to receive the nerve- **** §ſºrs, * * - Zºrºyº:553-32. -- - Wºº-sº rºº yº: & Sºº º * Fºº É TACTILE CELLs, SNOUT OF PIG. a. Tactile cells. m. Tactile disc. m. Nerve-fiber. Stirling.) fiber; the corpuscles of Grandry and of Merkel found respectively in the epidermis of birds and of mammals are examples of such structures” (Piersol). T. Cor- puscles, special sensory nerve-endings exhibiting more complexity of structure than compound tactile cells. Sº Cf. Fºnd bulbs. T. C. of ºğ Grandry, see under 7. Cells. § º T. C. of Meissner, oval or elliptic bodies, 45–I4Op. long and 35–55 p. wide, situated usually at the apices of the papillae of the corium, in the º skin of the palmar surfaces º of the fingers and toes. Each corpuscle is supplied with one or two, sometimes three or four, medullated nerve-fibers. T. C. of Mer- kel, see under 7. Cel/s. T. Disc, the flattened terminal expansion of the axis cylin- der in a special sensory nerve- ending, or tactile corpuscle. T. Meniscus, a peculiar crescentic expansion of a nerve-fiber over the ental tile cells composing the surface of a tactile cell. T. ºomºyº Papillae. See Papilla. T. nerve-fiber. (From Pier- Reflexes, reflex movements sol, , after Schieffer- from stimulation of the tactile ****) corpuscles. Tactus (tak/-tus) [tangere, to touch]. Touch. Delicacy of tactile sensation. T. eruditus, or T. expertus, especial sensitiveness of touch acquired by long ex- perience. Taedium vitae (te/-de-um vi’-te) [L.]. Disgust, or weariness of life, a symptom witnessed in many cases of insanity; it is sometimes a precursor of suicide. Taenia (te/-ne-ah). See Temia. Taeniacide (te/-ne-as-id). See Zeniacide. º # wº # 3. º # ſ R $i Sº: ºi i :º - ºº ; ESS §º § § iº § ܧ s §-SN f t § S. W tº. - * R. º ||| t Nº. TACTILE CORPUSCLE OF MEISSNER, FROM THE SKIN OF A HUMAN TOE. N. The nerve entering the complicated group of tac- 1455 Habitually (From TALIPES Taeniafuge (te/-ne-a/-äj). See Zeniafuge. Taenidium (te-mid/-e-um) [Tatvia, a band, fillet; pl., Zaenidia]. In biology, the spiral thread of the zespi- ratory tracheae of an insect. Tafia (taf’-e-ah or ta-fe/-ah)[Malay, taſia, rum]. Rum. Tag Alder (tag' aw/-der). See A/nus. Tagliacotian (tal-e-ak-o'-she-an) [after Tagliacozzi, an Italian surgeon]. Pertaining to Tagliacozzi. T. Operation, a rhinoplastic operation by which, in case of destruction of the natural tissue, a part or the whole of a new nose is formed by a flap from the forehead or other part. Tagma (tag/-mah) [Táyga, that which has been ordered or arranged J. In biology, a general term applied by Pfeiffer to all aggregates of molecules. Cf. Anotagmata micella, pleon, syntagma. Tail (tāl) [ME., tail, tail]. The caudal extremity of an animal. Applied to tail-like parts of an organ of the human body; e.g., the tail of the epididymis or of the pancreas. T.-coverts, the most posterior feathers of the body of a bird, or those which immediately cover the basal portion of the tail. T.-fold, an em- bryonic infolding or hollow, enclosing the hind-gut. See Head-fold. Tailors' Cramp or Spasm. See Cramp. T.s' Muscle. See Sartorius (in Muscles, Zable of). Taint (tānt) [ME., feint, taint]. An infection, or pathogenic influence; as a syphilitic faint. A spot or blemish. Tait's Knot. A peculiar method of ligating the pedicle in the operation of ovariotomy. See Anot, Staffordshire. T.’s Law. See Zazy. T.’s Method. See Perineorrhaphy. Talalgia (tal - al/-je - ah) [falus, heel; āāyog, pain]. Pain in the heel. Talc, Talcum (talk) [gen., Talci J. A silicate of mag- nesium, a white, unctuous, neutral powder; sometimes used in insufflating-powders, and as a remedy in diarrhea. Taliacotian (tal-e-ak-o'-she-an). See Tagliacotian. Taliped (tal/-ip-ed) I talus, ankle; pes, foot]. A person affected with talipes; club-footed. Talipedic (tal-ip-e'-dić) [falus, ankle; pes, foot]. Be- longing or relating to talipes. Talipes (tal/-iſ-ez) [falus, ankle; pes, foot]. The deformity commonly called club-foot, depending upon & § TALIPES CALCA- NEOUS. TALIPES CAVUS OR ARCUATUS. TALIPEs EQUINUs. TALIPES VARUs. TALIPES CALCANEO- VARUS. TALIPEs EQUINO- VARUS. contraction of muscles or tendons, either congenital or TALIPOMANUS acquired. T. arcuatus. See 7' cavus. T. cal- caneus, the patient walks upon the heel alone. T. cavus, an increased curvature of the arch of the foot. T. equinus, the heel is elevated and the weight thrown upon the anterior portion of the foot. T. planus, flat- widº... º. r # %2.24% a tºº TALIPES CALCANEO- VALGUS. TALIPES VALGUS. foot. T., Spasmodic, non-congenital talipes due to muscular spasm. T. valgus (“flat” or “splay” foot), the foot is everted or distorted outward. T. varus, the reverse of the last, the foot being bent in- ward. Combinations of these occur, called equizzo- varus, equino-valgus, calcaneo-varus, calcaneo-valgus, etc. - Talipomanus (tal-ip-o-ma/-nus)[talus, ankle; £es, foot; manus, hand]. Deformity of the hand, analogous to club-foot, club-hand. Tallow (tal/-o) [ME., talowe, tallow]. The solid fat of neat cattle, consisting mainly of Stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids. Tallow is the name given to the fat extracted from “suet,’’ the solid fat of oxen, sheep, and other ruminants. The quality of the tallow varies according to the food of the cattle and other circum- stances, dry fodder inducing the formation of a hard tallow. Its melting-point varies from II5° to 121° F. The best qualities are whitish, but tallow has in generala yellowish tint. Beef-tallow contains about 66 per cent. of solid fat and 34 per cent. of olein or tallow-oil ; mutton-tallow contains about 70 per cent. of solid fat and 30 per cent. of tallow-oil. The oil is used chiefly in the manufacture of soaps and the harder tallow for candle-making. Talo- (ta/-/o) [talus, ankle]. A prefix denoting con- nection with or relation to the heel, as talo-calcaneal, talo-fibular, talo-tibial, etc. Talon (tal/-on) [faſus, ankle, heel]. In biology : (1) a claw, as of a bird of prey; (2) a posterior prolonga- tion on the sectorial teeth of mammals. T.-toe. See A/a/2//zer-Zoe. . Talpa (tal/-/a/.) [L.]. A mole or wen. - Talus (ta/-/us) [L.]. The astragalus. Also, the ankle. Tamarac (tam/-ar-a/.) [Am. Ind.]. The bark of Marix americana, a tonic and mild astringent acting on mucous membranes. Dose of the flá. ext. 3 SS—j. Unof. Tamarind (ſam/-ar-ind) [Ar., tamr ul Hind, the Indian date]. The pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus indica. It contains various fruit-acids, sugar, etc. It is laxative and refrigerant. It is usually prescribed with other laxatives. Dose indefinite. Also the fruit itself and the tree that produces it. T.-water, an infusion of tamarind in cold water. It is used as a cooling drink in ſevers. Tamar indien. See Senna. Tamarindus (tam-ar-in/-dus) [L.]... A genus of old- world leguminous trees. T. indica. See Zama- rind. - Tamarisk (tam/-ar-isk) [L.]. A shrub or tree of the genus Tamarix. T. gallica and T. articulata yield tamarisk galls. See Zacahout. T. mammifera affords a kind of manna. Unof. Tambor-oil (tam/-bor-oil). A purgative oil from the 1456 TALIPEs EQUINO- VALGUS. TAPE seeds of Omphalea oleifera, a plant of tropical America. Unof. - Tambour (tam/-bor, or lam/-boor) [Fr., tambour, a drum]. A drum-like instrument used in physiologic experiments. It consists of a shallow cup of metal over which is stretched an elastic membrane and from which or to which passes a tube for transmitting a current of air. It is set into movement by the phenomena under observation. Tampon (tam/-pom) [Fr.]. A portion of cotton, sponge, or other material, medicated or not, and used to plug the vagina, nose, etc., in cases of hemorrhage or for other therapeutic purpose. T., Kite-tail, a tampon consisting of a number of pledgets tied at intervals to a string. T., Trendelenburg’s, an inflatable rubber bag surrounding a tracheotomy-tube. It prevents the oozing of blood along the sides of the tube. Tamponade, Tamponage, Tamponnement (tam- pon-ād', tam/-pon-ahj, tam/-pon-ment) [Fr., tampon]. The act or operation of plugging with a tampon. Tamponing (tam-pom/-ing.) [Fr., tampon]. The opera- tion of using or introducing a tampon. Tamus (ta/-mus) [tamnus, wild-grape vine]. A genus of dioscoreaceous old-world plants. The pulp of the bulb of T. communis (black bryony) is discutient, vulnerary, diuretic, and laxative. Unof. Tanacetin (tam-asſ-e-tin) [OF., tanasie, tansyl. An amorphous, hygroscopic, bitter substance derived from Tansy, soluble in alcohol and water, but not in ether. - Tanacetum (tan - as - eſ- fum) [OF., fanasie, tansyl. Tansy. The leaves and tops of T. vulgare. It contains a volatile oil and a bitter principle and is useful in amenorrhea and as an anthelmintic. T., Ext., Fld. Unof. Dose of the flá. ext, mux–3.j; of an 3.j to Oj infus. 3.j-ij; of the volatile oil gtt. j—iij. All unof. - Tanalum (tam-a/-um) [tammin, tannin; alum]. Alumi- num tanno-tartrate, employed in the treatment of dis- eases of the nose and throat. Tangent (tan/-jent) [angere, to touch]. Touching. Tanghin (tang/~gin) [Malagasy]. A poisonous ex- tractive obtained from Madagascar. See Zanghinia. Tanghinia (tam-gin/-e-ah)[Malagasy]. The seeds of the plant 7" veneniſera, or ordeal bean, native to Mada- gascar. Its properties are due to tanghin, an ex- tractive closely resembling curare in its medicinal properties. Tangle (tamg/-g/) [ME., tangel, seaweed J. Zaminaria. T.-tent. See Sea-tangle. Tannal (tan/-al) [fannin, tannin; alum J. Aluminum tannate, employed in the treatment of diseases of the nose and throat. Tannas (tan/-as). Synonym of 7ammate. Tannate (tan/-ät) [tamnin, tan]. Any salt of tannic acid. Tannates of bismuth, iron, lead, quinin, etc., are used to some extent as remedies. Tannic (tan/-ić) ſtammin, tannin]. Obtained from or containing tannic acid. T. Acid. See Acid (Tannic). Tannin (tan/-in). See Acid (Tammic). Tanret's Test (for albumin). The reagentis composed of mercuric chlorid I. 35 gms., potassium iodid 3.32 gms., acetic acid 20 c.c., distilled water to make IOoo c.c. By contact it gives an opacity with all proteids. See Tests, Zable of Tansy (tan/-2e). See Tanacetum. Tantalum (tan/-ta/-um) [Tantalus, father of Niobe]. A rare metal, allied in properties to antimony and bismuth ; symbol Ta, at. wt. I92. Its medicinal qualities are unknown. See Elements, Table of Tape (tāft) [ME., tape, tape]. I. A band of linen. See TAPEINOCEPHALUs 2. A tape-worm. T.-worm. See Zenia, Bothrio- cephalus, and Parasites (Animal), Table of Tapeinocephalus (tap-in-o-sef’-al-us) [Tateivác, low; kefta7%, head]. See Tapinocephaly. Tapeinocephaly (tap-in-o-sef’-a/-e). cephaly. Tapesium (ta-pe/-ze-um) [Tatmº, figured cloth, tapestry: p/., Tapesia]. In biology, a layer formed of the mycelium of a fungus. Tapetal (tap/-e-tal) [tátnc, carpet]. tapetum. Tapetum (ta-pe/-tum) [Tátmg, a mat, or rug). I. The layer forming the roof of the posterior and middle cornua of the lateral ventricles of the brain; it is composed of fibers from the corpus callosum. 2. In biology, a term applied to the lining membrane of the pollen-sac. T. cellulosum. See 7" ſibrosum. T. fibrosum, a shin- ing structure in the choroid of the eye. It takes the place of the 7' ce//uloszczyz of the carnivora, the iridescent portion of the choroid in these animals. T. lucidum, the brilliant, greenish, reflecting layer or membrana versicolor of the eyes of many of the lower animals. T. nigrum, the pigmentary layer of the retina. See Pigmentary Layer. T. ventriculi, a bundle of white fibers of the brain uniting the cortex of the frontal with that of the occipital lobe. Taphephobia, Taphiphobia (taf-e-fo/-be-ah). [Tápoç, burial ; ſp660c, fear]. Morbid fear of burial alive. Taphrenchyma (taf-reng/-kim-ah) [Tapog, pit; £yxvua, an infusion]. In biology, a vegetal tissue composed of pitted ducts. Also called Bothrenchyma and Pitted 7?ssue. *..., Tapinocephalic (tap-in-o-sef-a/-ä) [Tateiv6c, low ; kepañff, head]. Affected with tapinocephaly. Tapinocephalus (tap-in-o-sef’-a/-us) [Tateivóg, low ; kepā%, head]. A subject of tapinocephaly. Tapinocephaly (tap-in-o-sef’- al-e). [Tateiv6c, low; kepaññ, head]. Flatness of the top of the cranium. Tapinocranius (tap-in-o-Ara/-me-us) [Tateiv6c, low ; Kpavíov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the greatest height of the cranial cavity is from 74.5 to 82.5 per cent. of its greatest length. Tapinopisthius (tap-in-o-pisſ-the-us) [Taſtelvóc, low ; êtriotev, behind]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the occipital point and the punctum alae womeris is between 24.5° and 33°. Tapioca (top-e-o/-kah) [Sp.]. A variety of starch ob- tained from the cassava or manioc plant, Jatropha manihot. It is an excellent food for invalids. Tapir Mouth (ta/-per mouth). A separation and thickening of the lips, with disease of the orbicularis oris muscle, causing the lips to resemble those of the tapir. It is sometimes seen in facial muscular atrophy of the Landouzy-Déjérine type. Tapotement (tap-à/-mong) [Fr.]. In massage, the percussing manipulation always performed by the operator's wrists, the hands striking quickly. There are four kinds of percussion: I. Clapping, performed with the palms of the hands. It is used to act upon the skin and the superficial nerves and vessels. 2. Backing, performed with the ulnar border of the hand. It is used around nerve-centers and upon the muscles. 3. Punctation, performed with the tips of the fingers. It is used upon the head and in circles around the heart. 4. Beating, performed by the clenched hand. It is used upon the glutei, and upon the lower extremi- ties over the sciatic nerve. Tapping (tap/-ing). See Paracentesis. Tap-root (top/-rūt). The main root, or downward continuation of the plant-axis. Tar (tahr) [ME., tar, tar]. See Tapino- Pertaining to the 1457 A material obtained by the TARSAL destructive distillation of various substances, particu- larly wood and coal. The name is commonly applied to wood-tar. See Pix liquida. T.-acne. See Acne picealis. T., Coal, a dark, highly complex, semi- liquid substance obtained by the destructive distillation of coal. T.-colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of T., Gas. See T., Coal. T., Juniper. Synonym of Oil of Cade. T., Oil of, a highly complex, volatile, oily liquid obtained in the distillation of wood- tar. T.-ointment, a mixture of equal parts of tar and suet. Unguentum picis liquidae. T.-water, an infusion containing one part of tar to four of water. T., Wood, a thick, shining, black liquid obtained by the distillation of the wood of various species of conifers. Tarantism (tar/- an - tizm) [tarantismus]. A choreic affection, largely a play of the imagination and often feigned, ascribed to the bite of a tarantula. It is per- petuated by force of tradition along certain parts of the Mediterranean coast. According to popular fancy, the affection was cured by music and dancing. Tarantula (tar-an/-tu - lah ) [Tápac, Tarentum]. A species of spider, Zycosa tarantula, closely resembling the trap-door spider, Mygale henzii, with which it is often confounded. Its bite is poisonous. See Za- rantzsm. Tarantulism (tar-an/-tu-lizm). Tarassis (tar-asſ-is) [rapágoelv, to trouble]. in the male. Taraxacerin (tar-afts-as-e'-rin) [Ar., tarasacon, a kind of succory; cera, wax]. A waxy substance found in dandelion. Taraxacin (tar-aks/-as-in) [Ar., tarasacon, a kind of succory]. A crystallizable material derivable from the common dandelion; said to be tonic and diuretic. Taraxacum (tar-aks/-ak-um) [Ar., tarasacon, a kind of succory: gen., Taraxacij. Dandelion. The root of T. dens leonis. Its properties are due to a bitter ex- tractive principle ; it is tonic, diuretic, and aperient. It is of reputed use in dyspepsia. T., Decoct. (B.P.) Dose 3 if—iv. T., Ext. Dose gr. v-xxx. T., Ext., Fld. Dose 3.j—iij. T., Succus (B.P.) Dose 3 j– 1J. Taraxis (tar-aks/-is) [Tápaśug, trouble]. A slight con- junctivitis, or eye-trouble. Tardieu’s Spots. Ecchymotic stains of the lung- tissue indicative of death from asphyxia. Tared (tāra) [Ar., tarha, that which is thrown away]. Allowed for as a tare or deduction; having the weight previously ascertained, as a 7 area Filter. The term is used in pharmacy and chemistry. Tarichentae (tar-ik-en/-te). See Paraschistes. Tarinus, Horny Band of. See Band. T., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of T., Pons of. See Pons. T., Space of, the posterior perforated space at the base of the brain. Tarnier, Sign of. A sign of inevitable abortion. It consists in the effacement of the angle between the upper and lower uterine segments. This angle always exists in the pregnant uterus from an acute anteflexion, but as the escaping ovum descends the pressure thus produced causes the uterus to straighten out, and the angle disappears. Tarropetrolin (tar-o-pet/-ro-lin) [ME., far, tar; Terpoc, sick; oleum, oil]. A compound of wood-tar and petroleum, recommended as a salve in various skin- diseases. Unof. Tarry (tar/-e) [ME., tar, tar]. T. Stools. See Melena. Tarsal (tar/-sal) [Tapogg, instep]. Pertaining to the bones of the instep. T. Amputation, partial re- moval of the foot through the tarsus. T. Cartilage, Same as Tarantism. Hysteria Of the nature of tar. 92 TARSALGIA the cartilaginous layers in the free edge of each eye- lid. T. Cyst. See Chalazion. T. Ophthalmia. See Blepharitis. Tarsalgia (tar-sa/-je-ah). [Tapogg, tarsus; āAyoc, a pain]. Any pain, especially one of gouty character, in the tarsus. Tarsectomy (tar-sek/-to-me) [Tapogg, tarsus; Śicrouſ, excision]. Excision of tarsal bones. Tarsectopia (tar-sek-to/-pe-a/.) [Tapogg, tarsus; Škrotrog, displaced]. Tarsal displacement. Tarsen (tar'-sen) [Topoćc, tarsus]. tarsus in itself. Tarsitis (fars-i/-tis). See Blepharitis. Tarso- (tar/-so-) [tapo 6¢, tarsus]. A prefix denoting connection with or relation to the tarsus, as tarso- metatarsal (articulation), etc. Tarsocace (tar-sok'-as-e). Synonym of Podarthrocace. Tarsocheiloplastic (tar-so-Ai-lo-plas/-tić) ſtapo 6¢, tar- sus; xeižog, edge; Thäooeuv, to º Pertaining to a plastic operation on the edge of the eyelid. Tarsoclasis (far - so//- las - is) [tapo 6¢, tarsus ; kāāoug, rupture]. Rupture of the tarsal cartilages. Tarsomalacia (tar-so-mal-a/-se-a/ ) [tapo 6¢, tarsus; plažakia, softening]. Softening of the tarsal or palpe- bral cartilages. Tarsometatarsal (tar-so-met-at-ar/-sa/) [Tapo 6¢, tarsus; metatarsus]. I. Both tarsal and metatarsal; relating to the tarsus and the metatarsus. 2. In biology, a bone that unites the metatarsal and the tarsal bones in itself. T. Amputation, partial removal of the foot, as in Lisfranc’s Amputation. Tarsophalangeal (tar-so-ſa-lan/Je-al) [tapo'66, tarsus; (pážayš, phalanx]. Pertaining to the tarsus and the phalanges. Tarsophyma (tar-so-ſ:/-mah) ſtapo 6¢, tarsus ; pipia, growth.J. Any morbid growth or tumor of the tarSuS. Tarsoplasia (tar- so -pla/- ze - ah) ſtapo 6¢, tarsus; Tââooeuv, to form]. Same as Zarsoplasty. Tarsoplasty (tar/-so-plas-te) ſtapo'6ſ, tarsus; Thäooetv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the eyelid. Tarsorrhaphy (far - sor/- af-e) [tapo 6¢, tarsus; baph, suture]. An operation upon the eyelids to diminish the palpebral opening, for ectropion, lagophthalmos, etC. Tarsotarsal (tar - so - tar/- sa!) [tapo.6c, tarsus]. Be- tween the tarsal bones; as an amputation through the foot—Chopart's amputation. Tarsotibial (tar-so-ſib/-e-a/). Same as Zibiotarsal. Tarsotomy (tar-sot/-o-me) [Tapogg, tarsus ; Togh, sec- tion]. I. Operation upon the tarsal cartilage in cases of entropion. 2. Operation on the tarsus of the foot. T., Cuneiform, removal of a wedge-shaped piece of any of the tarsal bones. Tarsus (ſar/-sus) [Tapaég, tarsus]. . The instep, consist- ing of the calcaneum, or os calcis, the astragalus, cuboid, scaphoid, internal, middle, and external cunei- form bones. Also, the cartilage of the eyelid called the tarsal cartilage, which properly is dense connective tissue forming the support of the lid and giving it firmness and shape. In biology, the shank of a bird; the foot of an insect. Tartar (tar/-tar) [Táprapov, tartar]. I. Argol. A popular name given to the acid potassium tartrate, which is a natural product of certain fruits, especially the grape, being deposited on the inside of wine- casks as a whitish or reddish crystalline crust, the im- pure super-tartrate of potassium. 2. The deposit of earthy or calcareous matter sometimes seen upon the teeth. T., Cream of, purified argol or acid potassium tartrate. T. Emetic, the tartrate of antimony and potassium. See Antimony. Belonging to the 1458 TATTOOING Tartareous (tar-tar/-e-us) [Táprapov, tartar]. Having a rough, crumbling surface. Tartaric (tar-tar/-ić) [Táprapov, tartar]. Having the nature of tartar. Also, applied to the acid derived from tartar. T. Acid. See Acid, Tartaric. Tartarized (far/-far-izd) [Táprapov, tartar]. Impreg- nated with tartar, or with tartaric acid. T. Antimony, tartrate of antimony and potassa. T. Iron, iron tar- trate. & Tartrate (tar/-trat) [Táprapov, tartar]. The generic name of salts formed by the action of tartaric acid upon a base. T. of Antimony and Potassium. See Antimony. T. of Potash and Soda. See Aotassium. Tartrazin (tar-tra/-zin). See Pigments, Conspectus of Tartronic Acid (tar-tron/-ić). See Acid. Tasajos (taz’-azh-o) [Sp.]. A preserved meat pre- pared in South America by cutting the meat in thin slices, then dipping it in brine and partially drying. Taste (tast) [ME., tastem, to taste]. The sense by which savors are perceived and discriminated. The glosso-pharyngeal nerve and the lingual branch of the fifth pair are the nerves mainly connected with this sense, of which the tongue is the chief organ. The lips, the inside of the cheeks, the palate, and the pharynx also receive impressions from sapid substances. T., After, a secondary taste perceived after the imme- diate taste has ceased. T.-bud, an oval, flask-shaped body, embedded in the epithelium of the tongue. It consists of an enveloping layer of greatly elongated epithelial cells, the cortical or tegmental cells, within which is a group of highly specialized neuro-epithelial elements, the gustatory cells. It is also called Z-bulb. T.-bulb. See T-6zed. T.- . cell, one of a number of peculiarly shaped, flask-like bodies found between the epithelial cells covering the slopes of the circumvallate papillae. They are the terminal end-organs of the gustatory nerve. T.-center, the gustatory nervous center. Its position is not determ- ined. Ferrier places it close to that of smell, but even the course of the impulse is disputed. Gowers be- lieves that taste-impressions reach the brain solely by the roots of the fifth nerve. T.- end. See T-cell. T.-gob- lets, flask-like bodies on the sides and base of the tongue enclosing the gustatory cells. See 7'-cell. T.- pore, the minute canal con- necting the interior of a taste-bud with the surface of the mucous membrane. Tasteless (fast'-les) [ME., fastem, to taste]. Without taste. T. Ague-drop, a solution of a soluble salt of arsenic, formerly used as a remedy for intermittent malarial fevers. Tattooing (fat-too/-ing.) [Tahitian, fatu, tattooing]. The operation of producing permanent colors in the skin by the introduction of foreign substances, such as carbon, India ink, and vermilion. It is a common practice among sailors, the color being introduced into the true skin by pricking it with needles. Tat- tooing as a Therapeutic Measure, to restore the natural color in parts which are pigmented, is occasion- TASTE-BUD FROM CIRCUM- VALLATE PAPILLA OF A CHILD. The oval structure is limit- ed to the epithelium (e) lining the furrow, en- croaching slightly upon the adjacent connective tissue (f); o, taste-pore through which the taste. cells communicate with the mucous surface. (After Piersol.) TAUBENZECKE ally resorted to. For white, use baryta white, and for other colors, the earth-colors (ochers; yellow, brown, red). To assist these cinnabar and ultramarine may be used. Mix the colors on a glass plate and impreg- nate the needles. Electrolysis followed by tattooing is useful in cases of vascular nevi. T. of Cornea, an operation to diminish the unpleasant appearance of leukoma of the cornea by tattooing the same so as to simulate the appearance of the normal pupil and iris. Taubenzecke (tou-ben-zek/-eh) [Ger.]. The German name for an insect, Argas reſlexa, whose sting produces local, and in some cases general edema. See under Parasites (Animal), Zable of Tau-bone (taw/-bān) [tai), a Greek letter T; M.E., bone, bone]. A T-shaped bone, such as the episternum. It is also called T-bone. - Taurin (taw/-rin) ſtaurus, bull], C, H, NSOs. Amido- ethyl-sulphonic acid. A decomposition-product of bile; a stable compound that crystallizes in large col- orless monoclinic prisms, insoluble in alcohol, but readily dissolved by hot water. It melts and decom- poses at about 240°C. It occurs in combination with cholalic acic and as taurocholic acid in bile. Traces are present in the juices of muscles and of the lungs. Taurocholic Acid (taw-ro-ſºo!’-i}). See Acid. Tautomeric (taw-to-mer/-ié) [TavTó, same; uépog, part]. Exhibiting tautomerism ; a qualification applied to compounds to which two different structural formulae may be rightly attributed. Tautomerism (taw-tom/-er-izm) [t avTó, same ; uépoc, share]. I. The attribution of two different formulae to one compound. 2. The quality exhibited by those cases in which two structural formulae are possi- ble, while but one compound appears to be obtainable. It is assumed that in such bodies the formulae are sus- ceptible of change from one arrangement to the other. The phenomenon has also been called desmotropy. Tawed Leather (tawd). See Zeather. Taxidermic (taks - id-er/- mik) [rášic, arrangement; Öépua, skin]. Belonging to taxidermy. Taxidermy (taks/-īd-er-me) [Tášic, arrangement; déppia, skin]. The art of preserving and stuffing the skins of animals, so as to represent the appearance, habits and attitudes during life. - Taxinomy (faks-in/-o-me) [Tášug, arrangement; vöplog, law]. The science of systematic classification. Taxin (taks/-īn) [Tášog, yew-tree]. The resin of the leaves of the yew-tree, Taxus baccata, also, a poison- ous alkaloid reported to have been found in the leaves and seeds of the same tree. Taxiology (taks-e-o/-o-je) [Tášić, arrangement; 7.6).og, treatise]. The science of classification. Taxis (taks/-īs) [Tášig, order; Táooeuv, to arrange]. Arranging. A reduction of a prolapsed structure, as a hernia or a uterus, by methodic manipulation without instruments. Taxodium (faks-o’-de-um)[Tášog, yew-tree; eiðoç, form]. The common bald or black cypress of the southern U. S. and Mexico, said to destroy malarial germs. The leaves and seeds are used internally in hepatic diseases. Unof. Taxonomic (taks - o - mom/-ić) [tášic, arrangement; v6/10g, law]. Pertaining to systematic classification. Taxonomy (taks-on/-o-me) [tᚺg, orderly arrangement; vóuog, a law]. That portion of a science which treats of classification and nomenclature. Taxus (taks/-us) [ráčoc, yew-tree]. A genus of cone- bearing trees, the yews. T. baccata, the common European yew-tree. Its leaves and seeds are poison- ous and have sedative qualities. Unof. Tay’s Choroiditis, a form of central choroiditis seen in persons in advanced years. Its course is chronic and 1459 TECOMA there occur changes which resemble those observed in albuminuric retinitis. Taya (ta/-yah) [S. America]. A S. American species of plants said to be exceedingly poisonous, and to be an ingredient of some kinds of curare. Tayuya (ta-ze/-ya/.) [S. America]. The root of certain South American plants (Dermophy//a pendulina, 7%ianospermia ſicifolia, etc.) used in the treatment of Syphilis and of certain cutaneous diseases. Dose of tinct., gtt. V–xv. Unof. Tea (te) [Chinese ts’a, tea]. Thea. The leaves of Camellia thea, a Chinese evergreen shrub. Tea con- tains an alkaloid, thein, and tannic acid, boheic acid, gallic acid, gluten, coloring-matter, etc. A decoc- tion of the leaves is a popular astringent, restorative beverage, which produces an exhilarating effect upon the nervous system. Its excessive use causes dys- pepsia and various nervous derangements. The properties of tea are due to thein (Cs Hyo N.O.), a substance identical with caffein and a mild cerebral stimulant. , Dose of the fid. ext, mix–3 j. Unof. Thein is also given hypodermatically in doses of gr. %—j several times a day, for the relief of pain. T.- berry. See Gaul/heria. T.-leaf Eye, a muco-puru- lent conjunctivitis caused by the prolonged application of tea-leaves to the eye for their supposed therapeutic effect in ocular disease—chiefly among the negroes of the Southern United States. Tea, Substitute for, a decoction of pearl-barley. T., Teamsters’. See Tepopote. Teale's Amputation. A form of amputation in which two rectangular flaps are made; the long flap, folding over the end of the bone, is formed of parts free from large blood-vessels and nerves, those structures being left in the short flap. The length and breadth of the long flap are equal, being one-half the circumference of the limb at the point of amputation. The short flap is one-fourth as long. See Operations, Zable of. Tears (férz) [ME., feer, tear]. I. The secretion of the lacrymal gland. 2. Hardened lumps, or drops, of any resinous or gummy drug. Teasing (ez/-ing) [ME., tesen, to tease]. The shred- ding or arranging of a minute object, with a needle or other suitable instrument, with a view of preparing it for microscopic study. Teat (tet) [ME., tete, a teat]. The nipple : a part of the excretory duct of the mammary gland; the mam- milla, or papilla. Technic, Technique (teå/-mek) [réxvn, art]. matic series of manipulative procedures. of operation. Technical (te/-nik-al) [réxvi), art]. any art. Technocausis (tek-no-kaw'-sis) [Téxvm, art; Kaiqug, a burning]. Mechanical cauterization, such as electro- cauterization, moxa, etc., in distinction from the cauter- ization produced by chemicals. Technology (tek-mo/-o-ſe) [Téxvn, art; 26 yog, a treat- ise]. The science or explanation of the terms used in science or art. Tecnology (tek-mo/-0-ſe) [Tékvov, child; 26).oc, study]. The study or scientific knowledge of childhood, its hygiene, diseases, etc. Tecnotonia (tek-no-to/-ne-ah) [Tékvov, child; kretvety, to kill]. Child-murder. Infanticide. Tecoma (tek-o'-mah) [Aztec, tecomarochitl, the name of Solandra guttata). A genus of bignoniaceous plants, mostly climbers, with showy, trumpet-like flowers. T. impetiginosa, the bark is used in lotions for inflamed joints. T. ipé, a Brazilian species; the leaves are used in ophthalmia. T. radicans, common in the United States; is said to be vulnerary and sudorific. Leaves A syste- A formula Pertaining to TECTIFORM and branches used as dyes. America, is diuretic; others are actively astringent. Tectiform (te// tiform) [fec- tum, a roof; forma, form]. In biology, like a roof or lid. Tectocephalic (Čeſk-to-seſ-a/- *A) [fectum, a cover; Kepax#, head]. Pertaining to a roof- shaped skull. Tectochrysin (tek-to-Aris/-īn) [Téktov, a carpenter; Xpwoºg, gold.]. A coloring-matter ob- tained from Poplar Buds. Tectology (tek-to/-oje) [Ték- tov, a builder; ZóYog, science]. In biology, structural morph- ology. Tectona (tek-to/-nah)[Tekrøvia, carpentery]. Teak, a tree of the natural order Veróenaceae, the East Indian oak. Its wood is valuable for ship- building. Its leaves are astrin- gent and the flowers and seeds diuretic. - Tectorium (tek-toº-re-um) [te- gere, to cover: pl. , 7ectoria]. In biology, a covering, as the Incisors. 1460 T. subvernicosa, of S. Canine. TEGMENTUM 2O in number, are called milk, temporary, or deciduous teeth. In the adult the permanent teeth consist of 2 Molars. Wisdom-tooth. Bicuspids. THE TEETH OF AN ADULT. coverts of a bird; also applied The upper section of the illustration represents the upper set, and the lower the lower set. to the membrane of Corti. Tectorial (tek-to/-re-al) [fectorium, a cover]. as a tectorium, or covering. T. Membrane. Memórane of Corti. Tectrices (tek/- tris-Éz) [tegere, cover, conceal]. Plural of 7 ec- trix. In biol- ogy, the feath- ers of the wing- coverts or tail- § S § º - º # Ea S § - ---.D $ cº Š º #;tº z§4% à § S § º- cover t s of a §§ #º º - s §§§§ #33 º bird, as distin- §§§ É. -: ####|}}}#### guished from §| # D re miges, and sº #: 7"ec/7°2ces. # .# º š. Te c trix (ſe/- tri/s) [L., a cover; pl., Zec- trices]. Cover- ing or hiding. Tectrices, the plural, applies to the smaller feathers t h a t cover the quill- feathers, wings, or t a il of a bird. Ted i u m vitae (te/-de-um vi'- Serving See te). See Tae- dium. V - * * ERTICAL SECTION OF A TOOTH IN THE Teeth (te/h)[Plu- JAW. ral of too/*, 7. E. Enamel. D. Dentine. P. M. Perio- v.]. In man, º ºbºes P. ‘ºf Pulp-cavity. iº . Cennetht. . Bone of the Lower the hard bodies aw. V. Vein. a. Artery. N. Nerve. which occupy (From Stirling.) the alveolar cavities of the upper and lower jaws. of mastication. They are the hardest portions of the body and the principal organs The first set of teeth in childhood, Teetotalism (te-toº-ta/-īzm) [redup. of tota/J. ancisors, I cuspid or canine, 2 premolars or bicuspids, and 3 molars in each lateral half of each jaw. The last molar of each half-jaw is cut at an age of from 20– 25 years, and is therefore called a wisdom-tooth. In popular parlance the upper canine teeth are called eye-teeth; the lower canines, stomach-teeth. The upper central incisors are sometimes called Özetter-feeth. In structure the tooth consists of a hard enamel, encasing the crown; the dentine, within the enamel, consti- tuting the whole of the root and interior of the crown ; and the pulp, a bulbous prolongation of the mucosa of the gums, which is traversed by blood- vessels and nerve-filaments. The dentine of the root is surrounded by the cement or crusta petrosa. The exposed part of the tooth is the crown, the middle part the neck, and the part within the alveoli the fang or root. T., Auditory, the tooth-like pro- jections on the edge of the limbus laminae spiralis of the ear. They extend between the epithelial cells and give the limbus an uneven, highly refracting sur- face. They are composed of the Osteogenous tissue of the crista. T., Numbering of the, in number- ing the teeth, the incisor next the symphysis menti or meson is first, the wisdom-tooth last, or eighth. The first incisor is also said to be central, mesal, or proximal, and the last or wisdom-tooth, distal. In numbering the groups of teeth, as incisors, bicuspids or premolars, molars, the one nearest the symphysis is number one of the particular group. T., Temporary, the teeth of the first dentition ; milk-teeth; deciduous teeth; also, a provisional set of artificial teeth. Teething (te/-thing) [ME., teethe, to cut the teeth]. The development and appearance of the first teeth in an infant. Dentition. The practice of entire abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Tegmen (teg'-men) [ſegmen, a cover ; pl., Tegmina]. In biology, a covering, as the coat of a seed, the coverts of a bird, or the elytrum of a beetle. T. tym. pani, the roof of the tympanic cavity. Tegmentum (teg-men'-tum) [tegere, to cover]. A cov- ering. The dorsal portion of the crus cerebri, formed TEGMINAL by the deep longitudinal fibers, interlaced with trans- verse and arched fibers. In biology, an outer covering, as of a bud or a mollusc. Tegminal (teg/-min-al) [fegmen, a covering]. ology, integumentary. Tegminalia (teg-min -a/-le-ah) ſtegmen, a covering]. Plural of Zègminaſium. In biology, the plates of a ºliated crinoid or other similarly protected ani- Iſlal. Tegula (teg’-u-lah) [fegula, a tile ; pl., Tegula]. In biology, a sclerite covering the base of the fore-wing or the metathoracic spiracle of certain insects. Tegumen (teg/-u-men). Same as tegmem. Tegument (teg'-u-ment) [tegere, cover, conceal]. In biology, an enveloping or protective coat; a tegmen, or tegmentum. Teichmann’s Crystals. See Hemin. Teichmann-Neumann Test. See Tests, Table of Teichopsia (ti-àop/-se-ah) [reixoc, wall; 6 pug, vision]. A temporary amblyopia, with subjective visual images like fortification-angles; probably due to vasomotor disturbances of the visual center. Teigne [Fr.]. See Tinea. T. pelade. Alopecia areafa. Teinodynia (ti-no-dim/-e-ah). See Zenodynia. Teissier's Method. See Phosphates. Tela (te/-/ah) [L]. A web or web-like tissue; a plexus. T. adiposa, adipose tissue. T. araneae. See Spiders’ Web. T. cellulosa, areolar tissue. T. choroidea, the membranous roof of the parts of the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. See Diatela and Metafela. T. epithelialis, epithelial tissue. T. flava, elastic tissue. T. haemelis, lymph-cells and blood-corpuscles, and, also, splenic tissue. T. vas- culosa, the choroid plexus. Telaesthesia (tel-es-theº-ze-ah). See Telepathy. Telangiectasia (tel-am-je-ek-ta/-ze-ah) [TéWoç, end; äyyelov, vessel; ŠkTaoig, a stretching]. Dilatation of capillaries, or of the smaller blood-vessels. Telangiectasis (tel-am-je-eń/-tas-is). See Telangiectasia and AVævus vascularis. T. faciei. See Acme rosacea. Telangiectasy (tel-anje-eć/-tas-e). Same as Telangiec- tasia. Telangiectatic (tel-am-je-eſº-tat'-ić) [Téâog, end; dy- yelov, vessel ; Śictaguc, a stretching]. Relating to or characterized by telangiectasia. T. Warts. See Angiokeratoma. Telangioma (tel- an -je - of- mah) [Té20c, end ; dyyelov, vessel; 6p1a, tumor]. A tumor composed of dilated capillaries. Telangiosis (tel-an-je-of-sis) [TéWog, end ; dyyelov, ves. selj. Disease of the capillaries or minute blood- vessels. Telar (te/-lar) [tela, a web). the nature of a tela. Telarian (te-la/-re-an) ſtela, a web]. In biology, web- making or tissue-making, as a spinning spider. Teledactyl (ſel-e-dak'-ti) [Täe, far; 6ákrvžoc, finger]. A device to avoid stooping when wishing to pick up things from the floor (in disease of the spine, injuries, etc.). It consists of six spring-forceps at the end of a cane, operated by a cord passing to the handle and provided with a ring for the index finger. Telegony (ſel-egº-o-ne) [Tâ%e, afar; yová, offspring]. The influence of a previous husband on the children of a subsequent one through the same woman. Telegraph (te/-e-graf) [Täe, far; Ypáſpelv, to write]. An electric apparatus for conveying information to a distance with great rapidity. T., Muscle, an appara- tus for recording the contraction of muscles. Telegraphers' Cramp. See Cramp, Telekinesis (tel-ek-in-e'-sis) [Tijàe, far; kivmouc, move- In bi- Synonym of Pertaining to a tela; of 1461 TELLURIUM ment]. The power claimed for some wonder-workers of causing objects to move without touching them. Telekinetic (tel-ek-in-et/-ić) [Tāze, far; kivmotº, move- ment]. Pertaining to or characterized by telekinesis. Teleocephalous (tel-e-o-seſ/-a/-us) [Té%gog, complete; kepañff, head]. Having the full number of bones in the skull. Teleology (ſel-e-o/-oje) [Té%0g, end; %yog, treatise]. The doctrine of final causes. Teleophore (tel/-e-o-for) [Té%éog, complete; pépoc, bear]. See Gonotheca. Teleophyte (tel/-e-o-fit) [fela, a web or tissue; ºvtóv, plant]. In biology, a plant exhibiting well differenti- ated tissues. Teleosis (tel-e-o/-sis) [TéAeog, te?&log, complete). In biology, progressive development. Teleozoön (tel-e-o-zo/-on) [tela, a web or tissue; (Öov, an animal: pl. , Zeleozoa). In biology, an animal ex- hibiting well differentiated tissues; a metazoan. Telepathic (ſel-ef-ath/-ić) [77%e, far; Tāffog, disease]. Pertaining to telepathy. Telepathist (ſe/-ep-ath-isſ, or fe-left/-ath-ist) [Tºm, far; Táffog, disease]. One who is versed in telepathy. Telepathy (te/-ep-ath-e, or te-left/-ath-e) [Tāze, far; Tábog, disease]. Formerly an empiric form of treat- ment whereby cures were guaranteed by the exhibition of the remedy at a distance from the seat of disease. The term is now applied to a certain form of clairvoy- ance in which one is supposed to become conscious by dream or vision of distant events; the action of one mind upon another when the two persons are sun- dered by a considerable distance, and there is no communication by means of the senses; thought- reading; thought-transfer. Telephone (tel/-ef-àn) [Tâ2e, far; govň, voice]. An apparatus which transmits the human voice or other sounds to a great distance. T.-tinnitus, a profes- sional neurosis of the auditory mechanism said to be caused by constant use of the telephone. Telescope (tel/- es - Áop) [Tā28, far; groſſeiv, to exam- ine]. An instrument for observing objects situated at a great distance, especially the heavenly bodies. T.- eye, an abnormalism of the orbit said to be caused by the constant use of optic instruments, like the tele- Scope, microscope, etc. Telescopic (ſel-es-Éop/-ä) [Túže, far; akoſſeiv, to view]. Pertaining to the telescope. T. Catheterism, the passage of several catheters, each smaller than the one before it, one within another, until one is passed through a urethral stricture. Telestereoscope (te/-es-Zerº-e-o-sköp)[772e, afar; orêpeog, solid; oroteiv, to view]. An instrument for obtaining a stereoscopic view of distant objects, by which such objects obtain a relief like that of near objects. Teleutogonidium (ſe/-u/-to-go-mid’’-e-um) [Te2evT), completion ; yovág, generation : A/., 7e/eutogonidia]. See 7e/eutospore. - Teleutospore (te/- u/- to - spör) [re?evtſ, completion; otropá, seed]. In biology, a peculiar, thick-walled, often compound spore, produced by the Credined or Austs late in the season; a brand-spore; pseudo- spore. Telluric (te/-u/-rić) [/e/lus, earth]. earth or soil ; as a telluric miasm. Tellurism (ſe/-u-rism) [Fe//us, earth]. Telluric miasm; influence of the soil as a cause of disease. Tellurist (te/-u-rist) [fel/us, earth]. One who believes in the telluric origin of any disease (e.g., of tetanus). Tellurium (te/-u/-re-um) [/eſ/us, the earth]. Te=12S, sp. gr. 6.24, quantivalence II, IV, and VI. A non- metallic element of bluish-white color, brittle, brilliant, easily fusible, and resembling sulphur in chemic pro- Derived from the TELOBLAST perties. None of the preparations are used in medi- cine. The element itself, like selenium, imparts an extremely fetid odor to the exhalations and excreta of the body. See AElements, Table of Teloblast (te/-o-blast) [TéWoç, end; 3%aoTóc, germ]. A segmentation-sphere at the extremity of the germ-band, which becomes elongated by cells arising from the mesoblast. Teloblastic (ſel-o-blas/-tić) [TéWog, end; 3%aoTóc, germ]. Pertaining to the teloblast. Telodendron (ſel-o-dem/-dron)[TéWoc, end; 6&vópov, tree]. The terminal arborization of an axis-cylinder process. Telolecithal (te/-o - les/-ith - al.) [Té% oc, end ; Aékiffog, yolk]. Having a relatively large mass of food-yolk, eccentrically placed ; said of certain meroblastic eggs. Telolemma (tel-o-lem/-a/.) [Té%0ç, end; Aéupta, husk]. The membrane covering the eminence of Doyère, or the point of entrance of a motor nerve into muscular fiber. Telomalacia (tel-o-mal-a/-se-ah) [Té%0ç, surface; uaža- kia, Softness]. Phlegmonous erysipelas. Telopore, (tel/-o-pār) [Té%og, end; Tópoc, pore]. A terminal pore in the embryos of certain insects. Telotroch, Telotrocha (te/- o - tro/, tel- ot/- ro - Aah) [Té%0ç, end ; Tporóg, a wheel ; pl., Zelotrochae]. A chaetopod larva in which there is present a preoral and a postoral (i. e., a periamal) ring of cilia; the latter Sometimes has the form of a perianal patch. Cf. A/roc/a, Monotrocha, Polytrocha, AVoto/rocha, Gastero- trocha, Amphitrocha, Actinotrocha, Trochophora. Telson (te/-son) [TéWoov, a limit]. In biology, the terminal somite of the pleon of a crustacean. Temper (tem/-per) [femperare, to regulate]. That mixture of mental and emotional qualities that pro- duces a predominant quality of disposition or character. The temper is one of the points to be carefully noted in cases of insanity or other central nervous disorder. Moderation; equipoise of mind; also, as a verb, to mingle, modify. Temperament (tem/-per-am-ent) [femperamentum]. A term vaguely applied to the predominance of one group or order of constitutional functions over others in an individual. The various divisions of tempera- ment were based on the former doctrine of the four humors of the body—blood, lymph, bile, and atrabilis or black bile; the predominance of any one resulting respectively in a sanguine, lymphatic, bilious, or melancholic temperament. Although the doctrine of the temperaments has long since lost its significance, it is generally admitted that an individual may have a predisposition to types of mental action not im- properly classed as nervous, phlegmatic, lymphatic, etc. T., Bilious, that marked by a predominance of bile ; persons of this type having sallow complexions, dark hair, sluggish circulations. They have great firm- ness and endurance. T., Lymphatic, that character- ized by fair complexion, light hair, flabby muscles, slight force of character, and slightly developed pas- sions. T., Nervous, that characterized by great activity and sensitiveness of the nervous system. T., Sanguineous, that characterized by fair or ruddy com- plexion, rapid pulse, a hopeful disposition, and strong passions. Temperance (tem/-per-ams) [femperantial. Moderation in satisfying desire; especially as regards the use of alcoholic beverages. Temperate (fem/- per - at ) [femperatus, moderated]. Moderate, without excess. T. Zone, the zone of cli- mate situated between the isotherms of 30° and 70°. Temperature (tem/-per- a - tºr) [/emperatura). The degree of intensity of heat or molecular vibration. T., Absolute, that reckoned from the absolute zero 1462 TEMPORO-PARIETAL of temperature, estimated at 273° below the zero of the Centigrade thermometer. T., Conversion, that at which the decomposition of artificially inactive, asymmetric compounds takes place. T., Morbid, any considerable variation from the normal temperature of the body. T., Normal, the temperature of the body in a state of health—98.6° F., as estimated by the clinical thermometer. See Z'hermometer, T.-spots, variations of the heat of the skin, showing a specific end-apparatus arranged in a punctated manner con- nected with the temperature-sense. Temperature-spots are arranged in a linear manner or in chains, usually slightly curved. Cold-spots, spots where only the sensation of cold will be felt. Aot-spots, where only heat will be felt. Both are anesthetic toward pain and pressure. The cold-spots are the more abundant. Temple (tem/-p!) [tempus, time; from the throbbing of the temporal artery, or from belief that the hair first turns gray at this place]. The flat or depressed por- tion of the head between the eye and ear and neigh- boring parts. Templin-oil (tem/-p/in-oil) [Templin, a town of Prus- sia]. Oil of pine-cones, from Pinus pumilio, it re- sembles ordinary oil of turpentine. Temporal (tem/-po-ral) [femporalis; tempora, temples]. Pertaining to the temples. T. Artery. See Artery. T. Bone, the bone situated at the side and base of the skull. It is divided into a Squamous, a mastoid, and a petrous portion. T. Diplopia. Same as Homonymous Diplopia. T. Fossa. See Fossa. T. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of T. Operculum. See Post-oper- culum. T. Ridge. See A'idge. Temporarii, Dentes (tem-po-ra/-re-i den/-tez) [L.]. The temporary, or milk, teeth. Temporary (tem/-po-ra-re) [temporarius, lasting but for a time]. Not permanent. T. Stopping, a prepara- tion consisting principally of bleached gutta-percha, carbonate of lime, and quartz, for filling teeth. T. Teeth. See Teeth. Temporen (tem/-po-rem) [tempora, the temples]. Be- longing to the temporal bone in itself. Temporization (tem-po-riz-a/-shun ) [fempus, time]. The expectant treatment of disease. See Axpectant. Temporo- (tem/-po-ro-) [fempus, time]. A prefix de- noting connection with the temple, as, e.g., temporo- facial, temporo-malar, temporo-occipital, etc. Temporo-auricular (tem-po-ro-aw-rik/-u-lar) [fempus, time; auricularis, of the ear]. Pertaining to the temporal and auricular regions of the head. Temporo-occipital (tem-por-o-o/-sip/-it-al) [fempus, time; occiput, occiput]. Pertaining to the temple and back of the head. Temporo-facial (tem-po-ro-ſa/-shal) [fempus, time; facies, face]. The larger of the main branches of the facial nerve. Temporo-hyoid (tem-po-ro-hiſ-oid) [fempus, time; hyoid J. Pertaining to the temporal and hyoid bones. Temporo-malar (tem-po-ro-ma/-/ar) [tempus, time; mala, cheek]. Pertaining to the temporal and mala bones, or to the temple and the cheek, * Temporo-mandibular (tem-po-ro-man-diff/-u-lar) [fem- pus, time; mandible]. Pertaining to the temporal bone and the mandible. Temporo-mastoid (tem-po-ro-masſ-toid) [tempus, time; mastoid J. Pertaining to the temporal and mastoid regions of the skull. Temporo-maxillary (tem-po-ro-mažs/-iſ-a-re) [fempus, time; maxilla, maxilla]. Pertaining to the temporal region and the upper jaw. Temporo-parietal (tem-po-ro-par-i/-et-al) [fempus, time; paries, wall]. Pertaining to the temporal and parietal bones. +. TEMPORO-SPHENOID Temporo-sphenoid (tem-po-ro-sfe/-noid) [tempus, time; sphenoidſ]. Same as Sphenotemporal. Temulence (tem/- u - lens) [ temulentia J. drunkenness. Temulentia (tem-u-len/-she-ah). /ho/ism. Tenacious (te-na/-shus) [femax, tough]. Having the quality of toughness or ability to resist mechanical strain or dissolution. Tenacity (te-nas/-īt-e) [tenacitas]. ance to fracture or dissolution. Tenaculum (ten - a.k/- u - lum) [temere, to hold : pl., Tenacula]. I. An instrument, usually hook-shaped, for seizing and holding divided vessels, etc. 2. One of a pair of processes on the abdomen of certain in- sects (Poduridae, spring-tails) serving to hold the elater in place. T.-forceps. See Forceps. Tenalgia (ten-al/-je-ah) [Tévov, tendon; āAyoc, pain]. Same as Zenodynia. Tenax (te/-naAs) [L.]. Surgeons’ use. Tench's Mouth. The os uteri (os tinca). Same as 7. Mouth. - Tendency (fen/-dem-se) [tendere, to stretch]. The in- clination or aim toward a given state or condition. Tender (tem/-der) [temer, soft; Fr., tendre]. I. Sensitive to impressions, especially to touch ; soft, and readily yielding to the knife. 2. Delicate, easily destroyed. Tenderness (ten/-der-nes) [tener, soft]. The condition of abnormal sensitiveness to touch ; soreness. Tendinosus (ten-din-o’-sus) [L.]. Same as Semitem- dinosus. See Muscles, Zable of. Tendinous (fen/-din-us) [tendinosus]. or having the nature of tendon. Tendo, Tendon (fen/-do, tem/-don) [tendo, tendinis, a tendon: Žl., Zendines, 7en- dons]. A tendon; the white, glistening, fibrous cord con- necting the body of a muscle with its point of insertion. T. Achillis, the Achilles ten- don or common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus mus- cles, the thickest and strongest of the body. T. Achillis Re- flex. See Reflexes, Zable of T. calcaneus. Same as 7. Achillis. T., Central, the tri- foliateaponeurosis in the center of the diaphragmaticvault. T., Cordiform. See 7., Centra/. T., Hamstring. See Ham- string. T.-reflex. See Re- flexes, Table of T.-spindle, a peculiar nerve-ending in tendons described by Golgi as being found in the immediate vicinity of the union with the muscle, also called Golgi's corpuscle. T. of Zinn, the ligament of Zinn. Tendophony (ten - doff’-o- me) [tendo, tendon; pová, voice]. Auscultatory sounds supposed to be caused by the chordae tendineae, Tendoplasty (fen/-do-plas-fe) [tendo, tendon; Tāāooeuv, to form]. A plastic operation on tendons. Tendo-synovitis (fen/-do-si-no-vi'-tis) [tendo, tendon ; synovia, synovia]. The “compound ganglion ” of older text-books, now recognized as a local tubercu- losis, Tendotome (tem/-do-tom). See Tenofome. Tendo-vaginitis granulosa (ten-do-'vaj-in-i/-tis gran- w-lo/-sah) [L.]. Hueter's term for tuberculosis of tendon-sheaths, the sheaths being filled with granula- tion or fungous tissue. Inebriety; Synonym of Alco- Toughness; resist- Oakum especially prepared for T.’s Nose. Pertaining to ſ # i ; ººSº | || º; & fliº º º º ~ § º g - º § § º Sºft § º § : * *; w; § lº i wº RAT. a. Tendon-cells seen on edge and embrac- ing a fiber; bb. On the flat, the cells with a ridge. 1463 TENNYSIN Tendril (tem/-dril) [tener, soft, delicate]. In biology, a leaf, a portion of a leaf, or a branch so modified as to serve the purpose of a climbing organ. Tenesmic (te-mez/-mik) [reuveauðc; Teived, to strain] Of the nature of or affected with tenesmus. Tenesmus (te-nez/-mus) [Teuveoplóc ; Tetvetw, to strain]. Rectal or vesical pain, with spasmodic contraction of the sphincter ani or sphincter vesicae. The painful desire to empty the bowels or bladder without the evacuation of feces or urine. Tenia, Taenia (te/-ne-ah) [Tatvia, a band, fillet, rib- bon]. In biology, a genus of parasitic platode worms of the Class Cestoda (tapeworms) and Order Polyzoa. They form ribbon-like stocks, composed chiefly of a row of consecutive segments progressively increasing in size posteriorly (prog/ot/ides) and arising by strobila- tion from the knob-like head (scolex), which is pro- vided with organs of adhesion. Over 3OO species are recognized, having for their hosts very widely separated animals, with correspondingly wide geographic dis- tribution. Cf. Aarasites (Animal), Zable of, also Cys- ficercus, AEchinococczas, A/easſes. T.-chain, the chain formed by the proglottides or joints of a tapeworm. T.- head. See Sco/ex. T. hippocampi, the corpus fimbri- atum of the hippocampus major. See Fimbria. T. semicircularis, a whitish band along the caudatum forming one of the margins of the rima; also called tenia. T. thalami, the habena or habenula. T. tubae, the name given by F. B. Robinson to a band forming a thickening of the upper border of the perisalpinx or peritoneum covering the upper border of the Fallopian tube; being shorter than the tube, it aids in saccula- ting it, which is detrimental to the facility of trans- mitting ova, leads to ectopic gestation by allowing the ovum to slip into portions of the tube which are not in the main stream of the menstrual fluid. The women possessing this band have usually premenstrual pain or tubal colic, and are either sterile or have few children. This band is considered a relic of embry- onic life. T. violacea, a part of the fourth ven- tricle. - Teniacide, Taeniacide (te/-ne-as-id) [tamia, tapeworm ; cardere, to kill]. Destructive of tapeworms; a remedy that destroys tapeworms. Teniafuge, Taeniafuge (te/- me - af- zij ) [fania, tape worm ; ſugare, to drive]. An agent that expels, without necessarily killing, tenia. Teniasis (te-ni/-as-is) [faemia, tenia]. The ensemble of symptoms resulting from the presence of tenia in the body. Teniate (te/-me-ãt) [tamia, tapeworm]. shape. Tenicide (tem/-is-id). See 7&niacide. Tenifuge (tem/-īfāj). See Zeniafuge. Tenioid (te/- me - oid) [Tatvia, a band, ribbon ; elóog, form]. In biology, ribbon-like, or resembling a tape- WOrſºn. Teniola (ten-i/-o-lah) [L.]. A small ribbon, T. cin- erea. I. A thin, grayish ridge separating the striae of the floor of the fourth ventricle from the cochlear di- vision of the acoustic nerve. 2. In biology, one of the four ridges developed on the exumbrellar gastric wall of certain Medusa (Scyphopolips), also called gastral teniola, gastric ridges, tenioles. Cf. Phace//i. Teniophobia (ſe-me-o-fo/-be-ah), [/ania, tapeworm ; 0680c, dread]. Morbid dread of becoming the host of a tapeworm. Tennant’s Powder. See Pozºrder. Tennis-arm. Same as T-elbow. T.-elbow, a strain of the elbow, said to be frequent in tennis-players. Tennysin (fen/-is-in). A certain alkaloid occurring in brain-tissue. Ribbon-like in TENODYNIA Tenodynia (ten - o-dim/-e-ah) [révov, tendon; 66üvn, pain]. Pain in a tendon. Tenography (ten-og/-ra fe). See Zenontography. Tenology (ten-o/-o-je). See Zenontology. Tenon, Capsule of. A fibro-elastic membrane or fascia separating the eyeball from the surrounding tissues within the orbit. It is covered by a continuous layer of endothelial plates, and corresponds to a synovial sac, whose lubricated surfaces of contact facilitate the movements of the eyeball. (Piersol.) T.’s Mem- brane. See T.’s Capsule. T.’s Space, a lymph- space separating the sclera from Tenon's capsule. Tenonitis (ten - on - i./-tis) [Zenon, an anatomist; itag, inflammation]. Inflammation of Tenon's capsule. Tenontagra (ten - on - ta/-grah) [révov, tendon; &Ypa, seizure]. Gout in tendons. Tenontodynia (ten-on-to-dim/-e-ah). See Zenodynia. Tenontography (ten - on - tog/-ra - fe) [Tévov, tendon ; ypāqelv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the tendons. Tenontology (ten-on-to/-o-je) [révov, tendon; Aóyoc, treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding the nature, etc., of tendons. Tenontomia (ten-on-to/-me-a/a). Synonym of Tenotomy. Tenontophyma (ten - on - to-fi/- ma/.) [Tévov, tendon; püua, growth J. A. tumor growing on a tendon. Tenontophyte (ten-on/-to-fit) [tévov, tendon; putov, plant]. A new formation upon a tendon. Tenontostoma (ten - on - tosſ-to-mah) [tévov, tendon; ôotéov, bone]. Bony change in a tendon. Tenophyte (fen/-o-fit) [Tévov, tendon; putów, growth.J. An Osseous or cartilaginous growth on a tendon. Tenorrhaphy (ten - or’- af - e ) [tévov, tendon; baph, suture]. The uniting of a divided tendon by sutures. Tenositis (ten-o-si'-tis) [Tévov, tendon; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of a tendon. Tenostosis (ten - os - to/- sis) [tévov, tendon; botéov, bone]. Ossification of a tendon. Tenosuture (ten-o-su/-tär). Same as Tenorrhaphy. Tenosynitis (ten-o-sin-i/-tis). See Zenosynovitis. Tenosynovitis (ten - o – si-no-vi'-dis) [Tévov, tendon; synovia, synovia; trug, inflammation]. Combined in- flammation of a tendon and of its sheath. See Thecifis. Tenotome (fen/-o-tom) [révov, tendon; Topóg, cutting]. A tenotomy-knife. Tenotomize (ten - of'-o'- miz) [Tévov, tendon; topiń, a cutting]. To perform tenotomy. Tenotomomania (ten-of-o-mo-ma/-ne-ah) [Tévov, ten- don; Tou%, a cutting ; piavta, mania]. A morbid de- sire to perform tenotomy. Tenotomy (ten - off-o- me.) [Tévov, tendon; tāuvetv, to cut]. The operation of cutting a tendon to correct deficiencies, inequalities, derangements, or disorders due to muscular contractions or imbalance, and for the correction of heterophoria or strabismus. See Stra- &otomy. T., Graduated, cutting a part of the fibers of the tendon of an ocular muscle for heterophoria or slight degrees of strabismus. T., Tarsal, division of the peroneal tendon for the relief of spavin. Tension (fen/-s/un) [fensio, tendere, to stretch]. In physics, that force apparent in mutual repulsion of the molecules of gases. It disappears when the repulsion is balanced by gravitation. The tendency of electricity to overcome resistance. In physiology, the condition of an organ when under a strain. T., Elastic, stretching by means of an elastic material. T., Intra- ocular, the pressure of the intraocular contents upon the sclerotic. Abnormal increase of tension is char- acteristic of glaucoma. Accurate measurement of tension is made by means of instruments called tono- meters; for practical purposes it is estimated by palpa- 1464 TEPID tion with the fingers. The registration of tension is indicated by the following terms: Zh. = Tension normal; the varying degrees of subnormality by the sign —, prefixed to the figures, I, 2, 3, the last denot- ing extreme flaccidity; hypertension is indicated by the sign +, prefixed to 1, 2, 3, the last indicating the extreme hardness of the highest glaucomatous pressure. T., Muscular, the state of moderate contraction which occurs when muscles are passively stretched. Tensor (tem/-sor) [tendere, to stretch]. An organ or part whose function is to make tense. T. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of \ Tent [tenta, a tent: pl., Tenta]. An instrument made of compressed sponge, laminaria, tupelo, or other ma- terial that increases in volume by the absorption of water; it is used chiefly for dilating the cervix of the uterus. T., Cornstalk, a tent made of dried cornstalk pith. T., Laminaria, a tent made of dried Lam- inaria stems. T., Sponge, a tent made of com- pressed dry sponge. T.-wine [vinum tinctum, colored wine], a Spanish wine of dark-red color. Tentacle (tem/-ta/-/) [tentare, handle, touch, feel]. In biology, loosely applied to any slender, tactile or pre- hensile organ, as a feeler, horn, proboscis, antenna, vibrissa, ray, or arm. Tentacula (ten-ta/-u-lah). Same as 7entacle. Tentaculate (ten-ta/-u-lat) [fentaculum, a tentacle]. Having tentacles. Tentaculicyst (ten -ta/-u-lis -ist) [Zentaculum, a ten- tacle; Icíartç, a cyst]. In biology, one of the audi- tory tentacles of certain Cnidaria. “They are short, transformed tentacles in which the solid endodermal axis, or the peripheral distal end-cells of the hollow tentacle-canal form one or more otoliths.” Also spelled tentaculocyst. Tentaculiferous (ten-ta/-u-lift/-er-us) [ſentaculum, ten- tacle; ferre, to bear]. Bearing tentacles. Tentaculiform (tem -ta/#/-ze-lif-orm) [tentaculum, ten- tacle; forma, form]. Tentacular. Tentaculigerous (ten-ta/-u-liſ/-er-us). taculiferous. Tentaculocyst. See 7&ntaculicyst. Tentaculum (ten - tak/- at - lum) [tentare, feel, touch, handle: Żl., Zentacula]. In biology, a tentacle. Tentigo (ten-fi/-go) [L.]. Lust; satyriasis. T. prava. Synonym of Lupus. T. venerea. Synonym of Mymphomania. Tentorial (tem - to/- re-a/) [femtorium]. the tentorium. Tentorium (ten-toº-re-um) [femtorium, a tent: £7, Ten- foria]. In biology: (a) the endocranium; (b) the partition between the cerebrum and the cerebellum formed by an extension of the dura; it is sometimes ossified. Tenuifolious (ten-u-if-o'-le-us) [femuis, thin ; foſium, leaf J. In biology, having slender leaves. Tephromyelitis (tef-ro-mi-el-i/-tis). Synonym of Paralysis, Infantile. See also Poliomyelitis. Tephrosia (tef-ro’-ze-ah) [reſpóg, ashen]. A genus of some 125 species of leguminous plants, a few of which are N. American. T. apollinea, T. senna, T. leptostachya, and other tropical or subtropical species have purgative leaves. Unof. T. virginiana (cat- gut, hoary pea, goat’s rue, turkey-pea, devil’s shoe- strings) is tonic and anthelmintic. Tephrosis (tef-ro/-sis). See Incineration. Tephrylometer (tef-ril-om/-et-er) [réppa, ashes; uérpov, measure]. A graduated glass tube for measuring the thickness of the gray matter of the brain by means of the segment or core removed. Tepid (tep/-id) [tepidus, warm]. T. Bath. See Aath. Same as 7???- Pertaining to About blood heat. TEPIDARIUM Tepidarium (tep-id- a/- re-um) ſtepidus, warm]. A warm bath. See Aath. Tepopote (te-po'-po-te). Teamsters' Tea. The twigs of Æphedra antisyphilitica, commonly known in the Southwestern U. S. as canutillo, or whorehouse tea. It is said to be serviceable in venereal diseases. Dose of the fid. ext. 3.j—ij. Unof. Ter- [L., three times]. A common prefix meaning three, or threefold. In chemistry, a prefix joined to the names of certain compounds containing three acid atoms or radicles. Terabdelle (ter-ab/- del) [repeeuv, to bore; 36áWAetv, suck]. An instrument employed by Damoiseau to supersede the leech. Teracrylic Acid (ter-ak-riſ/-īk). See Acid. Teras (te/-ras) [répaç, a monster; pl., Zerata]. A monster. Terata, anadidyma, an order of double autositic monsters in which there is an upward cleav- age of the cerebro-spinal axes. Fusion has occurred at the cephalic extremity, with divergence of the caudal, and, as the result, a double monster is pro- duced, single above and double below. T. anaka- tadidyma, an order of double autositic monsters in which there is both upward and downward cleavage of the cerebro-spinal axes. The two primitive traces approach at points in their continuity only, while the two extremities diverge. As a result, a double being is formed, double above and below, with union be- tween. T. katadidyma, an order of double auto- sitic monsters in which there is a cleft of the cerebro- spinal axes from above downward; that is, the primi- tive trages have fused at their caudal extremity, and diverge in varying degrees as they ascend. The result is a double being, separated above and joined below. Teratic (ter-at/-ä) [repartkóg, monstrous]. nature of a teratism; monstrous. Teratism (ter/-at-izm) [répaç, a wonder, marvel, mon- ster]. Any anomaly of conformation, whether con- genital or acquired through disease or injury. , Gouley classifies monstrosities as follows: A. Congenital mont- strosities, or vices of primary conformation, grouped as follows: 1. The ectrogenic. Those monstrosities in which are absent or defective certain parts belonging to the normal body; for example, the absence of one kidney, of one or both testicles, of the external uro- genital organs, etc. 2. The symphysic. Those mon- strosities produced by fusion or coalition of organs, such as the kidneys. 3. The ceasmic. Those mon- strosities in which the parts that should be united re- main in their primitive, fissured state, as in hypospadias and epispadias. 4. The atresic. Those monstrosities in which natural openings are occluded, as in imperforate urethra. 5. The hypergenetic. Those monstrosities in which certain parts are disproportionately large, such as the penis, the testicles, etc. 6. The ectopic. Those monstrosities in which one or more than one part may be abnormally placed, such as a kidney or both kidneys, etc. 7. The hermaphroditic. Those monstrosities in which organs of both sexes exist. B. Acquired monstrosities, or those that are the out- come of disease, of violence, or of operations neces- sitated by diseased conditions or injuries. They may be grouped as follows: I. The ectrogenic. Those monstrosities caused by the loss of some part from dis- ease, injury, or operation. 2. The symphysic. Those monstrosities produced by the fusion of parts from disease, injury, or operation. 3. The ceasmic. Those monstrosities in which a cleft results through disease, injury, or operation. 4. Theatresic. Those monstrosities in which natural openings are occluded through dis- ease, injury, or operation. 5. The hypergenetic. Those Of the 1465 TEREBINTHINA monstrosities in which certain parts are inordinately enlarged through disease. 6. The ectopic. Those monstrosities in which a part is displaced through dis- ease or injury. Other classifications of monstrosities have been given by Ahlfeld, Bischoff, Blumenbach, Breschet, Buffon, Fisher, Licetus, Meckel, and Otto. See Monstrosities, Table of Classification of, according to Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, altered by Hirst and Piersol, under Monster. Teratogenic (ter-at-o-jen’-i}) [Tápac, monster; yewvāv, to produce]. Giving rise to teratism, or monstrosity. Teratogeny (ter-at-off’-en-e) [Tépaç, a monster; yewváv, to beget]. The formation or bringing forth of mon- strosities. Teratoid (ter/- at -oid) [tépaç, monster; eiðoç, resem- blance]. Resembling a monster, or anomalous organ- ization. Teratology (ter-at-o/-o -je) [Tépaç, monster; 2676c, science]. In biology, the science of malformations and monstrosities in the vegetable or animal kingdom. Teratoma (ter-at-o/-mah) [tépaç, monster; bud, tumor: pl., Zeratomata]. A congenital tumor, which may contain various concretions of organic tissue, as teeth, hair, and other erratic material. Dermoid cyst. Teratomatous (ter-at-o/-mat-us) [Tépaç, monster; 6pla, tumor]. Of the nature of or resembling a teratoma. Teratophobia (ter-at-o-fo/-be-ah) [Tépaç, tumor; pá80ſ, dread]. Morbid fear of monsters, or of deformed or peculiar individuals. Teratosis (ter-at-o/-sis) [Tépag, monster]. tal deformity. Terbasic (ter-ba/-zić). Synonym of Tribasic. Terbium (tur/-be-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. posed metallic element, as yet not isolated. ments, 7able of. Terchlorid (ter-kloº-rid) [fer, three; 2% opóg, green]. Synonym for Trichlorid. Terebella (ter-e-bel/-ah) [L., dim. of terebra : gen., Terebellae]. A trephine or trepan. Terebellum (ter-e-bel/-um) [L.]. An instrument used in craniotomy to perforate the skull. Terebene (ter/-e-bên ) [Tepégiv6oc, terebinth], CoFile: A hydrocarbon obtained by the oxidation of oil of turpentine by means of sulphuric acid. It is soluble in alcohol and is recommended for winter cough as an expectorant, and for inhalation in bronchitis. Dose m v-xx on sugar or suspended in water. Terebic Acid (ter-eô/-ić). See Acid. Terebilen (ter-eô/-iſ-em) [repé8tv6og, terebinth]. A cam- phoraceous liquid produced by the action of hydro- chloric acid upon a terpene or oil of turpentine. Terebinth (zer/- e - binth ) [Tspé8tv6oç, terebinth]. I. The turpentine tree, Pistacia terebinthus, which yields Chian turpentine. 2. Turpentine; terebinthina. Terebinthina (ter-e-bin/- thin - ah) [Tépéj9tuffoc, tere- binth: gem., Terebinthina). Turpentine. The Oleo- resin obtained from yellow pine, Pinus atts/ralis, and other species. Its properties are due to an essential, volatile oil, which is the form mainly used. It is stimulant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, and externally a rubefacient. It is useful in intesti- nal hemorrhage, as a cardiac stimulant, and in various zymotic fevers, and externally in neuralgia, gangrene, and rheumatism. Dose of the oil muv-xv (of the oleoresin gr. v-3.j). T. canadensis, “bal- sam of fir,” a liquid oleoresin. Dose, gr. v-xxx. Turpentine, Chian, clear, yellowish-white turpen- tine produced from the Pisfacia terebinthus, of re- puted benefit in carcinoma. Dose gr. iij-v. T., Con- fectio (B.P.). Dose 3.j-ij. T., Enema (B.P.), con- tains oil of turpentine and mucilage of starch. T., Liniment., resin cerate 65, oil of turpentine 35 A congeni- A Sup- See Alle- TEREBIN THINATE parts. T., Lin., Aceticum (B.P.), oil of turpentine, glacial acetic acid, camphor-liniment. T., Oleum, Rectificatum, rectified oil of turpentine. Dose my— 3 SS. T., Ung. (B.P.), oil of turpentine, resin, yellow wax, prepared oil. Turpentine, Venice, a solution of resin in oil of turpentine. Terebene, prepared by the action of sulphuric acid on turpentine. Dose gtt. v. Terebinthinate (ter-e-bin/-thin -āt) [repé8wtog, tere- binth]. A member or derivative of the turpentine group. Terebinthine (ter-e-bin/-thin) [Tepé8tv6og, terebinth]. Of the nature or having the qualities of turpentine. Terebration (ſer-e-67-aſ-s/un) [ferebrare, to bore]. The operation of boring or trephining ; also, a boring pain. Teres (ſe/-rez) [ferere, to rub). A name given to vari- ous organs and parts characterized by a round, smooth appearance. T. Muscle (major and minor). See A/uscles, Table oſ. See also Zigamentum Zeres. Terete (ſer-et/) [teres, round, smooth]. In biology, nearly cylindric. A term descriptive of certain stems, leaves, pistils, etc. Teretipronator (te-re-tip-ro-ma/-tor) [L.]. nator radii teres. See Muscles, Table of. Teretiscapularis (te-re-tis-Aap-u-la/-ris) [L.]. teres major muscle. See Al/lescles, Zable of Tergal (ſer/-gal) [fergum, back]. In biology, of or pertaining to the dorsal surface or aspect. Tergeminate (ter-jem/-in-āt) [fer, thrice; geminatus, doubled]. In biology, having three pairs of parts, appendages, or organs. Tergite (ter/-jit) [fergum, the back]. dorsal piece of an arthropodan somite. Tergolateral (Čer-go-lat/-er-al) [few gum, back; /atus, side]. Pertaining to the back and the side. Tergum (ter/-gum) [Zengum, back : pl., Terga]. In biology, the back or dorsum, or the dorsal piece of an arthropodan somite. Terhydrid (ter-hi/-drid) [fer, three; £60p, water]. A combination of three atoms of hydrogen with an ele- ment or radicle. Teriodid (ter-i/-o-did) [ter, three; iodmg, like a violet]. A triiodid. Term [Tépua, a limit]. The time during which any- thing lasts; the time of expected delivery ; monthly COUll'Sé. Terma (ter/-mah) [tépua, limit]. The lamina termina- lis or lamina cinerea of the brain ; the cephalic bound- ary of the mesal, encephalic cavities. Termatic (ter-ma/-ić) [Téppia, limit]. the terma ; as the termatic artery. Terminal (ter/- min - al) [terminalis, tépua, limit]. Pertaining to the end; placed at the end. In the plural, a name sometimes applied to the poles of a battery or other electric source, or to the ends of the conductors or wires connected thereto. T. Artery. See Artery. T. Carbon Atoms, those combined with three hydrogen atoms. T. Genital Corpuscles, Krause's name for the round dilatations terminating the nerves in the dermis covering the extremity of the penis in horses. T. Neuritis. See AErythrome/. algia. Terminalia (ter-min-a/-le-ah) [L.]. A genus of com- bretaceous tropical trees. See Myroba/anz. Termination (ſer-min-a/-shun). I. An ending. 2. An issue. T., Nerve, a nerve-ending. Terminology (ter-min -o/-o-je) [terminus, a name; Żóyoc, science]. Nomenclature; a system of techni- cal names or terms. Terminthus (ter-min/-//ius) [téputv6og, terebinth-tree]. An old name for a carbuncle or sore, said to resemble the fruit of the terebinth in its figure and its black-green color. The pro- The In biology, the Pertaining to 1466 TERTIARY Ternary (ter/-na-re) [ter, three times]. the number three. Ternate (ter/-nāt) [ternatus, arranged in threes]. In biology, applied to radiately compound leaves that have three leaflets. Teroxid (ter-oks/-īd) [fer, three; b$üç, acid.]. A trioxid. Terpene (ter/-pên) [a modified form of terebene]. One of a number of hydrocarbons analogous to turpentine- oil. They have the formula Cio His or (C5Hs), and are contained in the volatile or etherea/ oils obtained in the distillation of various plants (chiefly \Conifera and Citrus species). The terpenes that have been thus iso- lated are very numerous. Terpin (ter/-pin) [see Terebene], Cio His(H.O),H,C). A terpin hydrate derived from turpentine. Useful in bronchial and pulmonary diseases to loosen and facili- tate the expectoration of mucus. Dose gr. v-x. Terpinene (ſer/~pin-èn)[modified from terebene], Cio Hig. A substance that results from shaking pinene with concentrated H2SO4. It occurs already formed in cardamom-oil, and is very similar to dipentene; it boils at about 180° C. Terpineol, Terpinol (ter-pin/-e-ol, ter/-pin-ol) [/e7%in ; oleum, oil], Cio HisO. A substance formed by boiling terpin and terpin hydrate with aqueous mineral acids. It is a thick liquid, with a peculiar odor, boiling at 215-218°C. Its uses are similar to those of terpin. Dose gr. viij—xv daily. Terpinolene (ſer-pin/-o-len) [terpin, oleum, oil], Clo His. A substance produced when terpin hydrate, terpineol, and cineol are boiled with dilute H,SO,. It boils at 185–190° C. Terra (ter/-ah) [gen., Terra]. Earth. T. alba, white clay. T. cariosa, rotten-stone. T. japonica. Same as Gambier. T., Oleum, petroleum. T. ponderosa, baryta or barium sulphate. See Bole, Aºullers' Aarth, Alemanian AEarth, Cimo/ian Aarth, etc. T. disienna. Same as Ocher. Terracing a Suture. A term indicating the closure of a wound by means of the insertion of successive tiers of sutures. Terrain-cure (ter/-än-kār) [Fr.]. A therapeutic method consisting in mountain-climbing, dietetics, etc., for plethora, corpulence, neurasthenia, chlorosis, incipient pulmonary tuberculosis. Terraline (ſer/-a/-än) [terra, earth]. A (proprietary) tasteless preparation of petroleum, recommended as a substitute for cod-liver oil. g Terraqueous (ter-aſ-Arve - us) [terra, land; aqua, water]. Pertaining to or consisting of both land and Water. Terrene (ter’-en) [ferremus]. Terrestrial. Territory (ter/-it-o-re) [territorium, territory]. An ex- tent of land. T. of a Cell, the extent of tissue sup- posed to be under the influence or control of any individual cell. Terror (ter’-or) [L.]. Intense fear. See AWight-terrors, Alay-ferrors. Tersion (ter/-z/um) [Zengere, tersus, to wipe). of cleaning by friction, or dry rubbing. Tersulphate (ter-su/-fat) [fer, three; sulphur, sul- phur). A salt containing three molecules of the sul- phuric-acid radicle. Tersulphid (ſer-su/ºftd.) [ter, three; su///iur, sulphur). Synonym of 77°isulphid. : Tertian (ter/-shan) [tertius, third]. Tertianus, febris fertiana. Applied to a variety of intermittent fever the paroxysms of which recur every third day. Tertiarism (ter/-she-ar-izm) [Fr., fertiarisme]. tiary syphilis. Tertiary (ter/-she-a-re) [tertiarius; fertius, third]. Third in order. T. Syphilis. See Syphilis. T. Union, or Pertaining to The act Ter- TERVALENCE Structure, the union of carbon atoms with three other carbon atoms. Tervalence (ter-va/-lens). Synonym of Trivalence. Tessellated (tes/-el-a-ted.)[tessellatus, tessera, a square]. Chequered. Formed into little squares. quadrangular arr a ng e- ment. T. Cells, the flat- tened cells of pavement- epithelium. Tessera (tes/-er-ah) [L.]. The cuboid bone. Test [testum, crucible, trial]. In chemistry, a characteristic react i on which distinguishes any one body from all others. Also, the reagent for pro- ducing a test. A Table of Tests is appended, see pages I468–1506. In biology, a shell or hard, outer covering. See Zesta. T.-breakfast, Ewald’s, consists of one roll and one glass of water or a cup of weak tea, without milk or sugar. T.-glass, a small, glass vessel used in the chemic laboratory for purposes of experi- Having 1467 TESTILL of, passage of the testes through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. T., Female, the ovaries. T. mu- 1iebris. See Ozaries. Testibrachial (tes-fib-ra/-ke-a/) [festis, testicle; bra- chium, arm]. Pertaining to the testibrachium. Testibrachium (ſes-tib-ra/-ke-um) [festis, testicle; brachium, arm]. The process connecting the cerebellum with the tes- tis of the brain; the prepeduncle or superior crus of the cerebellum. 7 Testicle (tes/-tić-/). See Zºsſes. T., Displaced, a testicle in an abnormal situation, as in the pelvic cavity. T., Inverted, a testicle which is so placed mentation and investiga- tion. T.-meal, a meal given in order to test the action of the gastric juices. T.-m., Jaworski's, the whites of two, hard-boiled eggs and IOO c.c. of water. T.-paper, paper impreg- nated with a chemic re- agent, as litmus, and used for detecting the presence of certain substances or conditions which cause a change in the color of the paper. See Zitmus. T.-spoon, a small spoon with a spatula-shaped han- dle, used in chemic exper- iments. T.-tube, a cyl- inder of thin glass closed at one end, used in various chemic procedures. T.- types, letters or figures of different sizes to test acuteness of vision. Those most in use are Snellen's test-types, which, at proper distances, subtend an angle of five minutes. Testa (tes/-ta/) [L.: gen., Zesta]. A shell. In biology, the outer coat or covering of the seed; a test. T. ovi, egg-shell; T. praeparata, prepared oyster-shell; both antacid. See Calcium. Testaceous (tes-ſa/-shus) [festa, a tile, a shell]. In biology: (a) of or pertaining to a shell; shelly; (b) the color of unglazed pottery, brick-red to orange- yellow. Testectomy (Čes-tek’-to-me) [festis, testis; Śktopſ, exci- sion]. See Orchidectomy. Testes (test/-ez) [L.]. The two glandular bodies, situated in the scrotum, that secrete the semen. They lie in the abdominal cavity in early fetal life, and descend into the scrotum about the time of birth. T. of Brain. See Corpora quadrigemina. T., Descent I. Spermatic artery. major of epididymis. gagni. Vein. 9. Vas deferens. didymis. LEFT TESTICLE witH VESSELS AND DUCT. (After Sappey.) Branch of spermatic artery. 6. Outer wall of body of testis. 7. Vas deferens, with deferential artery. 8. II. Digital fossa. epididymis. I3. Globus minor. in the scrotum that the epididymis is attached to the anterior part of the gland. T., Irritable, neuralgia of the testicle, due to some demonstrable path- ologic condition in or about the testi- cle, or to a spasmodic contraction of the cremaster muscle. T., Pulpy, medul- lary sarcoma of the testicle. T., 8 9 I $ º IO º º: II §§ 2 —É I2 3 I3 SECTION OF THE SCROTUM AND TESTICLE. Diagrammatic. (Aſter Sappey.) 1. Septum, scroti. 2. Mediastinum testis. 3. Vas deferens. 4. Skin. 5. Dartos. 2 Spermatic veins. , 3. 6. External spermatic fascia. , 7. Cre- 4. Globus masteric fascia. 8. Parietal layer of 5. Hydatid of Mor- tunica vaginalis. 9. Internal spermatic fascia and subperitoneal fascia. Io. Cavity of tunica vaginalis. 11. Visceral layer Io. Body of epi- of tunica vaginalis. I2. Tunica albuginea. 12. Vessels of 13. Digital fossa. 14. Epididymis. Scrofulous. Synonym of 7uberculous Orchitis. T., Swelled. Synonym of Æpididymitis. T., Syphil- itic. Synonym of Syphi/ific Orchitis. T., Unde- scended, the condition in which one or both testicles remain in either the pelvis or the inguinal canal. Cf. A/onorchid, and Cryptorchid'. Testicond (tes/-tić-ond') [festis, testicle; condere, to hide]. Having the testes undescended. Testicular (es-fi/-u-/ar) [festiculus, a testicle]. Per- taining to a testicle. T., Therapy, the therapeutic employment of an extract from the testicles. See Organotherapy. Testiculate (ſes-tik/-u-/āt) [festiculus, a testicle]. Hav- ing testicles, or having the shape of a testicle. Testiculus (tes-tik/-u-ſus) [L.: gen, and A/., 7 esticuſ; J. A testicle. Testill (tes/-til) [festa, shell, tile]. See Frustule. ABBREVIATIONS: trated. Gram. R.—Reagent. Dil. =Diluted. Aq.-Aqueous. . àā= Of each. HNO3−Nitric acid. TESTS Vol.-Volume. 1468 TABLE OF TESTS. P. =Phosphorus. Sol. =Solution; soluble. Ppt.=Precipitate. reagents in column III which have corresponding letters prefixed in parenthesis. Eq. TESTS ual. Sat. sol. =Saturated solution. Concent.-Concen- wº c.c. =Cubic centimeter. HgCl2.-Mercuric chlorid. The small italicized letters a, b, c, d, e, refer to the gin.- NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Acetic-acid test. Albumin in urine. Acetic acid. White ppt. To boiled urine add few drops R., or add R., and then boil upper portion of liquid in test-tube. Avoid excess of R. Adamkiewicz' test. Albumins and pro- (a) Strong sulphuric Violet color and Add mixture of 1 vol. -º-, • N teids. acid, (b) Glacial fluorescence. of a and 2 vol. of 5, acetic acid. - and boil. Alfraise's test. Iodin. Add, I drop hydro- Blue color. Add one drop of R. to chloric acid to water 'small quantity of Ioo, starch I, potass. suspected fluid. nitrate I. Boil. Alkaline copper Glucose. See Tromamzer's test. teSt. Allen's test. Carbolic acid. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Nitric acid. Purple-crims on color. Few drops of a to 1 or 2 drops of liquid; then I drop b. Allen's test. Glucose in , urine | Fehling's solution. Turbidity. Boil 10 c.c. of R., add | No reaction means in doubtful equal quantity of absence of sugar CaSCS. urine; heat; then or less than 35 * allow to cool. per cent. Allen's test. Strychnin. (a) Ether. (3) Sulphuric Violet color. Extract with a ; let fall acid. (c) Manganese dioxid. (drop by drop) into warmed porcelain capsule; let cool ; add 6 and c. Allen's test. Zinc in solution. Potassium ferrocyanid. White ppt. Few drops of R. to boiling solution, slightly alkaline. Almén's test. Albumin in urine. 2 percent sol. of tannin in dilute alcohol. Cloudiness. One part R. to 6 of urine. Almén's test. Blood. Tr. guaiaci and oil of Blue color. Add liquid to R. turpentine s h a ken - into an emulsion. Almén's test. Blood. (a) Tr. guaiaci. , (b) 15 Blue color. Add 2 or 3 drops a to Other substances per cent. Sol. hydro- liquid ; shake; ad res p on d ; ab- gen dioxid in ether. 20 drops 6. sence of reaction proves absence of blood. Almén's test. Carbolic acid. (a) A m monia. (5) Blue color. Add a and 6 to solu- Chlorinated soda. tion. Almén's test. Carbolic acid. Mercury I, nitric acid | Yellow ppt., dis- 5 to Io drops R. to 20 I ; dilute with twice solving with a c.c. of liquid. bulk of water. red color. Almén's test. Glucose in urine. Caustic soda 8, water | Ppt. of metallic bis- Remove albumin, add | Very delicate. Ioo. Add so dic muth. R. I to urine Io. potassium tartrate 4, - bismuth subnitrate 2. Almén and Nyland- Glucose in urine. See Almén's test. er's test. Alpha-naphthol or Glucose. See Molisch’s test. a-Naphthol test. Ammoniated-cop - Glucose. See Pavy's test. per test. Ammonium - m o – lybdenate test. Albumin in urine. See Jazvorozoshi’s test. André's test. Quinin. (a) Chlorin. (5) Am- 111 OIlla. Green color, turn- ing blue on Satu- ration with an acid; with excess of acid, violet or bright-red; turns green on addi- tion of ammonia. Add a and 5 to solu- tion. Tests 1469 TESTS . TABLE OF TEST.S.—Continezzed. NAME. ise REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Andream. test, Iron. | (a) Ammonia. (5) Sul- park purplish-red, Add a and b to liquid. ‘. phoglycolic acid. iº, º y º: *- shaking with air. Anstie's test. Alcohol in urine. Potassium bichromate I, strong sulphuric acid 300. Emeral d-green color. To R. add urine, drop by drop. Reaction signifies presence of toxic amount of alcohol. Antipyrin-test. Antipyrin in urine, etc. See Ferric-ch 1 or a d test. Austen and Cham- berlain's test. Nitric acid. Ammonio-sulphate of iron, 200, water Iooo, sulphuric acid 20. Rose-red color. Add R. to solution. Autenrieth and Hinsberg's test. Phenacetin. Nitric acid. Yellow substance, crystallizing out in needles. To finely powdered phenacetin add Io to I2 per cent. R.; heat to boiling. Antipyrin and ace- tanilid do not respond. Axenfeld’s test. Albumin in urine. k (a) Formic acid. (6) Sol. HgCl2 (I:Iooo). Rose or purple color. Acidulate with a ; add a few drops 6. Not reliable. Bachmeier's test. Alkalies. Sol. of tannin. Red to reddish- brown, turning into dirty-green. Add R. to the liquid. Baeyer’s test. Eosin. (a) Sodium-amalgam. (6) Sol. of potass. permanganate. O p a que-green color in reflected light. Shake substance with water and a, heating gently; dilute with water; add drop of 5. Bailey's test. Nitric acid. Cyanhydrargyrate of potass. iodid (one equivalent each mer- curic cyanid and potass. iodid). Crystal of R. turns lack; red in other acids. Introduce crystal of R. into liquid. Bailey’s test. Sulphur. (a) Sodium carbonate. Blood-red color. Heat substance with a, ) Sol. sodium nitro- dissolve in water, prussid. and add 6. Barbsche's test. Glycerin. (a) Water 20 vol., car- Blue color not | Add to liquid a , then bolic acid one drop. developed. one drop 6. (b) Sol. ferric chlorid. Bareswils’ test. Glucose. Potass. hydrate 60, Red precipitate. Boil liquid with R. potass. tartrate 40, water 200. Mix with copper sulphate 65, water 50o. & * Barford’s test. Glucose. Sol. neutral copper | Red precipitate. Add a few drops R. to acetate 200, 38 per cent. acetic acid 5. liquid and boil. Barium - chlorid test. Ether-sulphuric acids in urine. (a) Sol, barium chlor- id. (b) Hydrochlor- ic acid. Ppt. of barium sul- phate. Add a in excess; fil- ºr; boil filtrate with Barium - chlorid Sulphates in urine. Barium chlorid (or | White precipitate. Acidulate urine; add | Creamy ppt. : sul- test. , nitrate). R. phates increased ; milk y : normal ; translucent: di- * minished. Barry's test. Hydrocyanic acid. (a) Acetic acid. (b) Cloudiness. Two or three drops of Silver nitrate. sol. acidified with a, in watch - glass. Cover with another watch-glass contain- ing 2 or 3 drops 6. Bile-pigment. (a) Chloroform. (5) Play of colors, Shake liquid with a ; Very delicate. Basham's test, Nitric acid. finally ruby-red. decant; allow to evaporate; add drop of 5. Bastelaer's test. Phosphorus in tis- sues and ejecta. (a) Ether, (b) Strong ammonia, (c) Dil. sulphuric acid. Pure phosphorus; recognized by its properties. Dissolve out P. with a, by repeated shak- ing ; allow to evapo- rate, adding water toward end of evap- oration ; w arm to 50° or 60° C. Shake with b , wash with c, then with water. TESTs 1470 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Cozzzzzzzzed. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs, Baumann's test. Carbohydrates. (a) Potass. hydrate. Precipitation of all | Alkalinize with a, and (b) Benzoyl chlorid. carbohydrates. treat with b. - Baum a n n and | Hydrochinon. Violet fu m es', Heat rapidly in an Preusse’s test. which condense as an in digo- blue sublimate. open test-tube. Bayer’s test. (Syn. Drewsen’s, Pen- zoldt's, Indigo test.) Acetone in urine. Nitrobenzaldehyd in Water. Indigo-blue. R. and urine (or dis- till at e) eq. vol. ; make alkaline. One part in 2500. May dissolve out indigo-blue with chloroform—ºren- ders test more delicate. Bechamps’ test. Nitrobenzol in oil of bitter almonds. (a) Iron acetate. Chlorinated lime. (5) Blue color. Distil with a ; test dis- tillate with 5. Becquerel's test. Glucose. See Trommer's test. Bedson’s test. Apomorphin in sol. of morphin. Sol. potass. hydrate. Brown color. Boil with R. Beilstein’s test. Chlorin; bromin; iodin in organic substances. Cupric oxid. Green or blue COIC).T. Make a bead with R., | dip into substance; heat in lower part of Bunsen flame. Bellamy's test. Copper ; iron. Tincture of logwood. Blue color. Add R. Benzo-purpur in Free hydrochloric See zon Jaksch’s test. teSt. acid in gastric juice. Bernouilly's test. Alcohol in essential Dry potass. acetate. Dense solution. Add R. OllS. Berthelot's test. Alcohol, Benzoyl chlorid. Formation of ben- || Add R. zoic ether: char- acteristic odor. Bertoni and Ray- Nitrous acid in (a) Hot alcohol. (b) | Blue color. Dialyze, and evapo- mondi’s test. blood. Starch-paste and rate dialysate to dry- potass, iodid. ness. Take up with a test with 6. Berzelius's test. Arsenic. Charcoal. Mirror and alliace- | Heat in test-tube with OUIS OC! O T. R. Bettendorff’s test. Arsenic. (a), Fresh stannous | Brown color or To liquid containing Gentle heat accele- chlorid in concent. brown ppt. a good deal hydro- rates reaction, hydrochloric acid. chloric acid add (b) Tin-foil. equal vol. a, and - piece of 5. Bill’s test. Bromids. (a) Hydrochloric acid. Yellow to , dark | Add to liquid I drop (6) Sol. gold chlorid. orange-red color. a, then I drop 5. Bismuth-test. Glucose. See Baettger's test. Biuret-test. Proteids. See Ritthausen’s test. Blachez’ test. Alcohol in chloro- form. (a) Potass. hydrate. (b) Sol. copper sulphate. Precipitate. Add small piece a, a g it a te; pour off chloroform after 5 minutes, and shake with equal vol. water; p our off water, and add b. Bloxam's test. Alkaloids. (a) Dil. hydrochloric Color-reactions. Dissolve in a ; add b, acid, (b) Brom in- drop by drop. Water. Blythe's test. Lead in potable | Alcoholic tincture of Precipitate. Add 1 per cent. R. Water. cochineal. Boas's test. Hydrochloric acid | Resorcin 5, , sugar 3, Red color. Add R. to a few drops | As delicate as in gastric juice. dil. alcohol roo. liquid, in evapora- Günzburg's test; ting-dish. not affected by free organic acids, and onl slightly by acid- albumins. . Boedeker’s test. Albumin. See Hilger's test. Boedeker's test. Sulphurous acid. Sol. . potass. ferrocy- Purple ppt. A #. R. to neutral all 11C1. 1quid. . Boedeker’s test. . Sulphurous acid. Sodium nitro- (º Sol. zinc sulphate. prussid. Rose to dark-red COIOI. To neutral liquid add Q. alſº tº TESTS 1471 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Cozzzzzzzzed. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Boettcher’s test. Glucose. See Baettger's test. Boettger's test. Alcohol. Sol. molybdic acid in Blue color. Add R. - - . sulphuric acid. Boettger's test. Alkalimetry. Alcoholic tincture of | Red color is turned petals of Coleus Ver- green. schaeffeltii. Boettger's test. Gaseousammonia. | Alkannin paper. Expose strip of R. to Red color turns blue. the gas. Boettger's test. Ergot in rye-flour. (a) Ether. (b) Oxalic acid. Reddish color. Heat for several min- utes with an equal bulk of a and a few crystals of 5. Boettger's test. - Glucose. (a) Bismuth. (b) Strong sol. sodium hydrate. Boettger's test. Hydrogen diox- id. (a) Cadmium io did st arch - paste. (5) Ferrous sulphate. Black ppt. To urine add pinch of a and a little b ; boil. Very delicate; al- bumin must be removed. Deep ultramarine- blue color. Add a and a little 5. Boettger's test. Hydrogen diox- id. Ammoniacal sol. sil- ver nitrate (not con- taining free ammo- nia). Cloudiness and re- duction of silver. Heat liquid with a few drops R. Mix 3 drops of water, 2 of a, and 3 or 4 of 5. Boettger's test. Nitric acid in pot- | (a). Sol. of . brucin. Red to brownish- able water. (b) Sulphuric acid. red color. Boettger's test. Nitrous acid. (a) Diluted sulphuric acid. (6) Cadmium iodid starch-paste. Blue color. Add a and 6. Boettger's test. Ozone. Strip filter-p a per | Violet color. Expose R. to gas. moist ened with acid-free sol. of gold chlorid. Boettger's test. Ozone. Strip filtering paper | Brown color. Expose R. to gas. - dipped into a sol. of . thallium protoxid. Boettger's test. Safranin. Sulphuric acid. Blue color. Add R. If water is - added color becomes green. Boettger's test. Sulphocy an at es | (a) Tr. guaiaci. (8) Dil. Blue color. Dip strip filter-pa- (Rhodanates). sol. copper Sulphate. per in a ; let dry; mo is ten with 5; place on it a drop of liquid. Boettger's test. Water in ether. Carbon disulphid. Milkiness. Agitate gently with equal bulk R. Bolas’s test. Nitric acid. Sulphuric acid Io, sol. ferrous sulphate I. Brown zone. He at R., and p our liquid cautiously on top. Borntraeger's test. Acidimetry; alka- limetry. Concentrated tincture orange-peel. Col or less with acids, lemon-yel- low with alka- lies. Add R., and shake up with ether. Bouchardat's test. Alkaloids. Potass, iodo-iodid=io- din Io, potass, iodid 2O, water 50o. Brown ppt. Add R. to liquid. Bourgoin’s test. Nitrobenzol in oil Sol. potass. hydrate. Green color. Shake 15 drops oil If 20 drops water of bitter almonds. with 8 of R. are added, two 1 a y e r s a re formed, up per gree n, low er yellow. Boussing a ult's Nitric acid. (a) Hydrochloric acid. Decolorization. Acidify with a, and test: (b) Indigo-solution. add drop of b. Brandberg's test. Benzol; benzine. Pitch. R. d is solves in benzol, not in benzin. Brandes' test. Quinin. (a) Chlorin-water. (b) Ammonia. Green color. Treat liquid with a and b. : ties in potable Water. phate I, hydrochlo- ric acid I, water 8. (b) Ammonia. microscope be- fore and after addition of saf- ranin. with 5 c.c. a and add I or 2 drops 6: Filter off ppt., redissolve in Io-15, drops di- lute acetic acid. TESTS 1472 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Confänzwed. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. Reaction. APPLICATION. ReMarks. Braun's test. Glucose. (a) Sol. picric acid. (6) | Blood-red color. Al kal in i z e with b, Sol. sodium hydrate. warm to 90°, add a, and boil. Brautlecht’s test. Organic impuri- | (a) Aluminum sul- Examine under | Treat 100 c.c. water Brazil-wood test. Acidimetry; alka- limetry. Sol. of coloring-matter of Brazil-wood (Pel- tophorum dubium). Turns purplish- red with alka- lies; yellow with acids. º Brieger’s test. Strychnin. Pure chromic acid. Violet color. Add R. to liquid. Brine-test. Albumin in urine. (a) Saturated sol. so- dium chlorid, acidu- lated with 5 per cent. Sol. dilute hy- drochloric acid. White ring. Overlay R. with urine. Very delicate. Brou a r de l and Boutmy’s test. P to mains from plant-alkaloids. (a) Potass. ferricyanid. (5) Ferric chlorid. Blue color. Apply a, then 6. Bruecke's test. Bile-pigments. (a) Nitric acid. : acid. (6) Sulphuric acid. Color-reactions. Add a to urine, shake; let à flow to bottom. Bruecke’s test. Glucose. Boil fresh b is m u th submitrate with po- tass. iodid 30, water 150, and after Io min- utes add § 25 per cent. sol. hydrochlo- ric acid. Reduction. Bruecke's test. Proteids. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Potassio-mercu- ric iodid. Precipitate. Acidulate with a, and add b. Bruecke’s test. Urea. (a) Fusel-oil., (b) Sol. gºlic acid in fusel- Oll. Crystal line de- posit. Heat alcoholic extract with a, filter, and add 6. Brunner’s test. Glucosids. Pettenkofer’s test for bile-acids. Red color. Buckingham's test. Alkaloids. Fresh sol. of ammo- nium molybdate 8 grains, in sulphuric acid 2 drams; heat till clear. Color-reactions. Add R. Bujwid and Dun- ham's reaction. Products of bacil- lus cholerae asi- aticae. See Poehl's reaction. Burchard's test. Cholesterin a n d (a) Chloroform. (5 Violet to green Dissolve substance Modification of cholesterin-fats. Acetic acid anhydrid. color. in a, add b, and a Lieber mann’s (c) Sulphuric acid. few drops c. test. Cadet's test. Arsenic. Sodium acetate. Kakodyl (charac- | Heat with R. teristic odor). Caillan’s test. Glucose in urine. Chloroform. Shake 2 vol. urine Apply tests for glu- COS6. with one R. ; allow to settle; upper layer contains all the glu- COSes Calcium-carbonate test. Free acids and acid salts in gas- See Leo's test. tric juice. Campani’s test. Glucose. Mix concent. Sol. lead Yellow to orange- || Add R. to sol. o.5 per cent. gives subacetate with dil. red ppt. red, o.1 per cent. sol. copper acetate. . yellow color. Cappazuoli's test. Glucose. Sol. copper, hydroxid | Blue color. Add R. to liquid. in potass. hydrate. TESTS plate. 1473 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Capranica's test. Guanin. (a) §§ sol. picric acid. With , a yellow, Add R. to solution. (b) Concent. Sol. po- crystalline ppt. ; tass. bichromate. (c) with ö orange- Çoncent. Sol. potass. | colored, crystal- ferricyanid. line ppt. ; with c rismatic, yel- ow is h-brown crystals. Carbolic-acid test. Albumin in urine. See Méhn's test. Caro-Fischer's test. Hydrogen sulphid. See Fischer's test. Carter’s test. Indican in urine. Nitric acid. Play of colors as Overlay acid with Bile gives same - in bile-test. urine, or allow the reaction ; if a two to come in con- deep-blue or tact on porcelain purp 1 e ppt. forms on addi- tion of sulphuric a cid — play of colors due to ex- cess of indican. Casali’s test. Biliary matter. (a) Lead acetate. (b) Ammonia. (c) Ether and hydrochloric acid. Yellow, red, violet, blue color. Precipitate urine with a and b and extract with c. Let ethereal layer evaporate, and test with oxidizing agents. Casamajor's test. Glucose. Methylic alcohol. Cloudiness. Shake liquid with R. Casoria’s test. Water in absolute alcohol. Dehydrated copper sulphate. R. turns blue. Pour liquid over R. Chatin and Gaul- tier de Claubry’s test. Iodin. Nitric acid I, sulphu- ric acid 6, starch. Bluetovioletcolor. Add R. Chautard's test A. Acetone in urine. (a) Aq. Sol. magenta. (6) Sulphurous acid. Violet color. To a drop of a, decolor- ized by 5 add urine. Delicacy; o.o. ace- tone ; reaction may appear after 4 or 5 minutes. Chautard’s test B. Acetone. (a) Fuchsin o.25, water | Red-violet color. Add 6 to a until a is 500. (b) Sulphurous decolorized. A did acid. mixture to the liquid. Chevreul’s test. Ammonia. Hematoxylin-paper. Red color turns | Expose p a per to violet. fumes. Chloroform-test. Potass, io did in urine, etc. (a) Fuming nitric acid. (b) Chloroform. Violet-red color. Add a little a and 3% 6; shake. Delicate and reli- able. Cholera-red reac- tion. Products of bacil- lus cholerae asi- aticae. See Poehl's test. Cholestol reaction. Cholesterin a n d cholesterin-fats. See Liebermann's test. Chromic-acid test. Albumin in urine. See Rosenbach’s test. Citric-acid test. Mucin. See Muczn-test. Clark's test. Creasote; carbolic | (a) Nitric acid. (b) Creasote, no crys- Boil with excess of a acid. Potass. hydrate. talline ppt. ; car- until red fumes are bolic acid, yel- no longer evolved ; low crystals. neutralize with ö. Claus's test. Water in absolute alcohol. Anthrachinon and so- dium amalgam. Red color; abso- lute alcohol causes a green color. R. is moistened with the alcohol. Cochineal-test. Acidimetry; alka- limetry. Cochineal I gm., macer- ated for four days in alcohol 20, water 60 ; filtered. Turns violet with alkalies, yellow- is h - red with acids. Colasanti’s test. Sulpho-cy an ic aClOl. Sol. of gold chlorid (1 : Iooo-Yo,000) in potass, hydrate, or in sat. sol. sodium bicarb. ‘Violet color on heating, metallic gold deposited on cooling. Warm R. with dilute solution of the sub- Stance. Congo-red test. Free hydrochloric a CICl. See Riegel’s test. 93 TESTS. 1474 TESTS TABLE OF TESTS.—Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Contejean's test. Hydrochloric acid Cobalt oxid ... (freshly Blue cobalt chlo- Evaporate drop of in gastric juice. precipitated). rid. liquid on watch- glass with R. Cotton’s test. Brucin. Sol. Sodium sulph-hy- drate. Violet to green COIOT. Add excess of R. to brucin in nitric acid. Cunisset's test. Biliary matter in Ulril 162, Chloroform. Yellow color. Shake urine with R. Curdling-ferment test. Curdling ferment in gastric juice. (a) \; normal sodium hydratesol. (b) Neu- tral or amphoteric milk. - Curdling. Neutralize 5 to Io c.c. filtered gastric juice with a ; mix with equal quantity of 6, warm to 37°or 40° C. Reaction takes place in 10-15 min. Davy’s test. Alcohol. Molybdic"acid I, sul- | Blue color. Essential oils first || phuric acid 2. shaken with water, which is separated ; ur in e is distilled. Test with R. Davy’s test. Carbolic acid. Molybdic acid I, Sul- Dark olive-green | Add 3 to 4 drops. R. to phuric acid Io. to blue and vio- | I to 2 drops of liquid. let color. Davy's test. Strychnin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (3) | Deep-violet color. Add a, then 5. Potass. ferricyanid. - Day’s test. Pus. Alcoholic sol. of guaiac | Blue color. To *. Sol. of pus Inert when applied exposed to light until add a few drops of to dried pus. it turns green in con- tact with potass. iodid. R. Debrunner’s test. Water in absolute Potass. permanganate. Purple discolora- R. insoluble in absolute alcohol. tion indicates | alcohol, Sol. in water. Water. Degener's test. Alkalimetry. Phenacetolin, a brown | Alkalies turn it substance obtained | red. by heating for seve- ral hours carbolic sulphu ric, and glacial acetic acids ââ I. Delff’s test. Caffein. Sol. red mercuric oxid | Crystalline ppt. Add R. to liquid. Other a l k a loids in potass. iodid. yield amorphous ppt. Diazobenzol-sul- Glucose in urine. (a) Sol. potass. hydrate. Yello wish-red, Alkalinize 20 c.c. of Not very reliable. phuric-acid test. (3) Sol, diazobenzol- changing to dark- urine with a ; add sulphuric acid (r.:50), red; froth car- equal volume 5. made faintly alkaline | min-red. with a. Diazo-reaction. A rom a tic com- | See Ehrlich's test. pounds in urine in typhoid fever, etC. Diphenylamin test. Nitric acid. (a) Sol. of diphenyl- || Deep-blue color at Add 1 or 2 drops a ; amin. (6) Concent. sulphuric acid. zone of contact. pour in b to form a layer beneath the liquid. Donath and Mayr- hofer's test. Glycerin. (a) Carbolic acid. (b) Sulphuric acid. (c) Ammonia. Carmin-red color. Evaporate to dryness; heat to 120° C. with two drops of a and b. Extract with water, and add to residue c. Donné's test. Pus. Liquor potassae. Tenacious, gelat- in i form sub- stance, resemb- ling white of egg. T;deposit of pus add Dragendorff's test. Brucin. (a) Sulphuric acid I, water 9, (b) Very dilute sol. potass. bi- chromate. Raspberry-red to brownish-orange color. Dissolve in a, and add with a glass rod 'small quantity of b. Dragéndorff's test. Carbolic acid in UIT IIle. Petroleum-naphtha. Take up with R. and || test as usual. Dragendorff’s test. Strychnin. Iodic acid. Red to reddish- brown color. Add R. TESTS 1475 TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. TESTS NAME. Drechsel's test. Use. Biliary matter. REAGFNTS. (a) Syrupy phosphoric acid. (b) Cane-sugar. REACTION. | | Red to reddish- brown color. A PPLICATION. Add to concent. liquid a and 6, and heat on a water-bath. | REMARKs. Drechsel's test. Drewsen's test. Xanthin-bodies. Acetone in urine. Copper chlorid. See Bayer's test. Mud-colored ppt., becoming white. | Reddish color, Add R. to ammoniacal . solution of sub- Stall Ce. - Add R. Dudley's test. Gallic acid. Sol. of ammon. picrate ch a ng in g to green. Dudley's test. Glucose. Bismuth nitrate, dis- || Gray or black ppt. Add to urine (rendered solved in a little strongly alkaline by n it r ic acid ; add sol. of so di u m equal bulk acetic hydrate) 1 or 2 drops acid, and dilute to Io of R., and boil. vol. with water. Duflos' test. Picrotoxin. Potass. bichromate. Green color. Add sol. R. Dus art-Blondlot's teSt. Phosphorus in tiSSueS. Place copper phos- phid in fl as k, and proceed as in Marsh's test for arsenic. Alcohol, ether, and carb on bisulphid, containin % per cent. Sulphur in sol. Treat substance with R., allow to stand 24 hours, decant, and treat residue a second and a third time in same manner. Mix the liquids, filter into retort, and warm mixture with por- tions of metallic cop- per, until 1 a t t e r remains bright. Al- low to stand 24 hours, distil off carbon di- sulphid mixture, col- lect copper on filter, wash with alcohol, then with ether. Earthy-phosphates teSt. Earthy phosphates in urine. Any alkali. White ppt. Edlefsen's test. Naphthalin. (a) Sol. calcium chlorid. On addition of a Add 3 to 4 drops a and Reliable but com- (b) Concent. hydro- and b lemon-yel- a few drops b. Ex; plicated. chloric acid. (c) low color; d over-i tract with c, and Ether. (d) I per laid with ethereal, overlay d with the cent. aq. Sol. resor- extract bluish- extract, adding a cin. green ; cherry- little ammonia. | red on addition of HNO3. | Edlefsen's test. Naphthalin. Ammonium or sodium | Fluorescence. Add a few drops R. Delicate. hydrate. to liquid. | Ehrlich's test, A rom a tic com-' (a) Sulphanilic acid 5.0, Orange-red ring; Mix 40 c.c. of a and Of considerable pounds in urine hydrochloric acid 50 rose-red foam. I c.c. of 5 ; mix with diagnostic value; of typhoid-fever c. c., distilled water equal quantity of obtained also in patients. IOOO.O. urine; allow am- carcinoma, septi- (b) Sodium nitrite o.5, monia to flow down cemia, and per- distilled water Ioo. the tube. Shake to haps other condi- produce the foam. tions. Ehrlich’s test. Bilirubin. (a) Dil. acetic acid. | Dark color, becom- Add equal vol. a, and (b) Sulphanilic acid ing violet on drop by drop b. I gm., hydrochloric a d d it i on of | acid 15 c.c., Sodium glacial acetic or nitrite o. I gm. other acid. Einbrodt's test. Ammonia. (a) Sol. a m m on . . White opalescence. To roo c.c. of liquid add chlorid. (b) Sol. I drop each of a, of potass. hydrate. (c) 6, and of c. r Sol. m er cu ric chlorid. | Endem a n n and Copper. Hydrobromic acid. Rose-red to red- To I drop liquid add Prochazka's test. Eosin-test. Acidimetry; alka- limetry. Eosin I gm. in 30 c.c. of Water. dish-brown or blackish color. Acids destroy fluo- rescence; alkalies restore it. I drop R. let evapo- rate slowly. | Esbach's test. Proteids in urine. Picric acid Io, citric acid 20. Distilled water 1ooo. Precipitate; quan- tity indicated on graduated tube. TESTS 1476 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Eschka's test. Mercury. White stain. Heat substance in cru- cible, and condense vapor on cold gold plate (as lid). Everitt's test. Opium. (a) Sol. ferric chlorid. Red color with a, Add a. b) Sol. mercuric not altered by b. chlorid. Ewald’s test. Free hydrochloric | Similar to Mohr’s test - acid in gastric | B. \; \ juice. Ewald's test. Motor activity of stomach. See Siezwer’s test. . Eyckmann's test. Carbolic acid. (a) Spirit of nitrous | Red color. Add to I c.c. of liquid | Salicylic acid and ether. (b) Sulphuric I to 3 drops a and an | albumin show acid. . . . . equal vol. b. same color, but ... . . not so intensely. Fairthorne's test. Chloral. (a) Concent. so 1. of Blue color. Heat with a, then add potass. bichromate. 5. (b) Nitric acid. Fairthorne's test. |Morphin. : (a) Sodium hypochlo. Dark-red color. Add a, then b. rite (ch l or in a ted soda). (b) Ammonia. Fat-test. Fat. See Osmic-acid test. Fehling's test. Albumin in urine. Fehling's sol. (See Fehling 's test for glucose.) Brownish - red or nauve color. Heat R., and slowly add urine. Fehling's test. Glucose in urine. (a) 34.652 gm. crystal- lized copper sul- phate, water 200. (b) 173 gm. sodic po- tassium tartrate, 48o c.c. sol. sodium hy- drate. Mix a and b while stirring, and dilute to Iooo c.c. Ppt. of red cu- prous oxid or yel- low cuprous hy- droxid. Dilute I c.c. of R. with 4 c.c. of water, and boil. Add urine, drop or two at a time, and boil. Delicacy ooor per cent. Fehling's test. Peptone and pro- peptone in urine. Fehling's, so 1. . (See Fehling's test for glucose.) Rose-colored halo above ppt. of phosphates. Heat 15 c.c. of R.; add filtered urine slowly. Fenton's test. Tartaric acid. (a) Sol. of ferrous chlo- . § 6; sul- phate. ydrogen dioxid. (c) An al- kali. Add a, 1 or 2 drops b, Violet color. and excess c. Fermentation-test. Glucose in urine. See Roberts' test. Ferric-chlorid test. Antipyrin. Sol. ferric chlorid. Dark-red color. Add dilute R. to liquid. Unreliable. The red color in dia- cetic-acid reac- tion disappears on heating; that of antipyrin does In Ot. Ferric-chlorid test. Salicylic-acid com- pounds. Sol. ferric chlorid. Violet–blue color. Add R. to liquid; or acidulate with H2- SO4, shake with ether, and test ether- eal extract with R. Delicate, especi- ally by shaking with e the r. Other substances, less common, also. respond. Ferric-chlorid test. Tannic acid. Ferric chlorid. Grayish-green or blackish color. Add R. Filhol's test. Alkalies. (a) Sol, sodium nitro- Blue color. | Treat liquid with a in prussid. (b) Hydro- the presence of b. gen sulphid. t Filhol’s test. Iodin. (a) Potass, hydrate. Violet color of e. Extract iodin; evapo- (b) Alcohol. (c) Hy- drochloric acid. (d Chromic acid. (e Carbon disulphid. rate to dryness with a, take up with b, evaporate; dissolve in water, add a few drops c, the n d, then e, TESTS 1477 TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. TESTS NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Fischer's test. Glucose in urine. (a) Phenyl hydrazin hydrochlorid. b) Sodium acetate. Yellow, crystalline precipitate. Place in test-tube 2 gm. a and 1.5 gm. b, fill tube 3% with water, and a d d e qual §§§ tity urine. Stand tube in boiling water 15–20 minutes; then in cold water. Detects traces. Fischer’s test. Hydrogen sulphid. (a) Hydrochloric acid. Blue color. To 50 c.c. liquid add 1 (b) Para mid o-di- c. c. a, then a few methylamin su l- grains b, and I or 2 phate. (c) Dil. sol. drops c. ferric chlorid. Fittig's test. Alkalimetry. Ethereal sol. mesityl- R. is yellow ; alka- Add liquid to R. chinon. lies turn it violet. Marsh's method, Fleitmann’s test. Arsenic. (a) Strong potassium | Staining of paper | Put a little a and b in hydrate. . . (6) Pure (c). a test-tube with the except that a is zinc. (c) Paper wet substance; clasp c substituted for with silver nitrate. over it and boil. the acid. Flückiger's test. Acetanilid. (a) Sol. potass hy- | Disagreeable odor Add a and 5; shake; drate. (6) Chloro- of isocyanphenyl. eat. form. Flückiger's test. Brucin. Mercurous n it rate | Crimson color. An aqueous sol. mixed (free from excess of acid). with R. is heated. Flückiger's test. Creas o te; car- bolic acid. (a) Sol. ferric chlorid. §§ per cent. alco- Ol. Green color. Mix a 1 part, creasote 9, b 5. Green color. A d d 6 o water: cloudy-b row n is h color. Carbolic acid gives brown color with alcohol, blue with Water. Flückiger's test. Creas o te; car- bolic acid. (a) Ammonia. (6) Bro- min-vapor. Blue color: car- bolic acid; brown or dirty- green ; creasote. Add 34 vol. a, and ex- pose to 6. Flückiger's test. Digitalin. Chloral alcoholate. Yellowish-green color, turning violet, the n blackish-green on heating. Dissolve in R.; then eat. Flückiger's test. Free m in eral acids. Mixture in sol., of fer- rous sulphate, gallic acid, sodium ace- tate. Decolorization. Add a drop of R. to liquid. Flückiger's test. Gallic acid. (a) Fresh sol, ferrous sulphate I, water Ioo. (b) Sol. sodium acetate. Violet color. Add a . sol. colorless; then add b. Fluorescein test. Alkalimetry. Fluorescein I gm., agi- tated with Ioo c.c. dilute alcohol ; filter. Green fluorescence by reflected light, in pres- ence of least ex- cess of an alkali. Fourcroy's test. Phosphoric acid. (a) Ammon. chlorid. (b) Ammon. hydrate. (c) Sol. magnes, sul- phate. White, crystalline ppt. Add a and b, and then C. Francis' test. Biliary acids in Ll Tille, Glucose (dried over water-bath) 2 gm., in sulphuric acid 15 gm. Purple color. Place 4 c.c. of R. in test-tube and float equal quantity urine on top. Frandui and Van de Vyvere's test, Glucose in urine. Bismuth hydrate in Gray or black ppt. Boil urine with R. potass. hydrate. Frerich’s test. Leucin and tyro- SII), 11.1 UIT in Ge. (a) Basic lead acetate. (b), Hydrogen sul- phid. Crystals of tyrosin in 24 hours; leu- c in a pp ears later. Ppt. urine with a ; re- move excess of a with b : evaporate fluid on water-bath to small vol. Fresenius’ test, Nitrites. | (a) Starch-paste. (b) Sol. potass. iodid. (c) Sulphuric acid. Blue color. Add a, b, c. TESTS 1478 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAG ENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Freund's test. Sulphates in urine. (a) I per an sol, ali- | I c. c. c = To 50 c.c. urine add | If u ri n e d a r k- zarin. (6) 5 per cent. acetic acid. (c) Sol. bar i u m a c e t a te (II.22 to IOOO). .# sulphur trioxid. Io drops each a and b till mixture shows Orange color. Trit- urate with c till ppt. becomes distinctly red. colored, decolor- ize with acetic acid and z in c powder. Froehde's test. Alkaloids. Sol. of sodium molyb- date o.ol gm. in Sul- phuric acid Io c.c. Color-reactions. Fürbringer's test. Albumin in urine. Capsules (Stütz's) containing so di o – mercuric chlorid, sodium chlorid, and citric acid. Cloudiness or floc- culent ppt. Open capsule at both ends and introduce into urine. Delicate and con- Venient. Fürbringer's test. Albumin in urine. (a) Mercuric chlorid. (b) Sodium chlorid. Precipitate. Add sol. of a and of 6. Furfurol-test. Carbohydrates. See Schiff’s and Mo /isch's tests. Furfurol-test. Glucose. See Molisch's test. Galipe’s test. Albumin in urine. Sat. Sol. picric acid. White turbidity. Place a little R. in test-tube, add a few drops of urine, or overlay with urine. Prevents mistak- ing of phosphates Or u rateS. Gallois' test. Inosite. 2 per cent. Sol. mer- curic nitrate or Lie- big's sol. for estima- tion of urea. Yellow residue, turning red on heating. Heat sol. with a few drops of R. Proteids, tyrosin, and sugar must be absent. Garrod's test. Uric acid in blood. Acetic acid. The thread be- comes incrusted with uric-acid crystals. To 30 c.c. of serum add o.5 c.c. of R. and immer se a fine thread. Obtain ed espe- cially in gout, but also in leukemia and chlorosis. Gauthier’s reagent. Egg-albumin. sol. sodium hydrate 250, copper sulphate, I # Sol. 50, glacial acetic acid 700. Precipitate. To 2 c.c. liquid add IO C. C. K. Serum-album in will not be precipi- tated. Geissler’s test. Albumin in urine. (a) Citric acid. (b) | Precipitate. Add to urine test-paper | Very delicate. HgCl2, 3 % Sol., con- dipped in a and t a in in g 12 – 15 % dried, the n on e potass. iodid. dipped in b and dried. Gentele's test. Glucose. Sol. potass. ferricyanid Decolorization. Add liquid to R. and Uric acid gives in potass. or sodium War II] . same reaction, hydrate. even in the cold. Gentian-violet test. Amyloid degener- | (a) 5 per cent. aq. sol. Pink color. Treat section 94 to 1 ation. gentian-violet. (b) minute with a ; wash 10–15 per cent. Sol. acetic acid. in 5 ; examine under microscope. Gerhardt's test. Acetone in urine. Sol. ferric chlorid. Red color. Add R. to urine. Not very reliable; other substances respond. Gerhardt’s test. Biliary pigments in urine. (b) (a) Chloroform * - - Sol. * (c) Tr. iodi. potass. hydrate. Yellow to brown- ish color, with gree n fluores- CenCe. Shake e qual p a r ts urine and a allow to settle ; add 5 and c to extract. Gerhardt's test. Diacetic acid in Ul I 11162. Sol. ferric chlorid. B or d e a u x-red color; foam vio- let-red. To urine add a few drops of R. to pre- cipitate Pºlº ; then add a few more drops of R. ; or fil- ter, and then add. Col or disappears on addition of sulphuric acid. Gerhardt’s test. Urobilin in urine (in excess). (a) Potass. hydrate. (b) Chloroform. (c) Tr. iodi. Green flu or es- Cell Ce. To chloroform extract of urine add a and b. Glacial-phosphoric- acid test. Albumin in urine. See Hinden lang's test. Gmelin-He in tz's test. Biliary pigments in urine. Fuming nitric acid. Play of colors be- g in n in g with green and pass- ing through blue, violet, and red to yellow. Bring urine and R, in contact on porcelain plate or overlay R. with urine in test- tube. Very delicate; I in 70,000 to 80,000. TESTS 1479 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Griess’ test. Nitrites in saliva. (a) Sulphuric acid, (b) Intense, yellow | Dilute saliva with 5 Metadiamido-be in - | color. vols. water; add a zol. few drops a and 5. Grismer’s test. Glucose in urine. (a) I: Iooosol. Safranin. Decolorization de- | Boil I c.c. urine with | Not reliable. (b) Potass. hydrate. notes glucose. 5 c.c. a. and 2 c.c. b. Hager's test. sodium acetate 30, glac. acetic acid 25, sodium chlorid 50, water 4oo. After solution dilute up to IOOO. chlorid. liquid. Guaiac-test. Blood. See Van Deerz’s test, Almén’s test, and Huehneºfeld’s test. Guaiac-test. Hydrocyanic acid. See Schönbein’s test. Guareschi's test. Phenol. ' Chloroform. Red: ppt. sol. in Treat 'warm alkaline alcohol. sol. of phenyl with R. Günzburg's test. Hydrochloric acid Phloroglucin-vanillin | Red color; cherry- To a few drops of juice I in 15,000; very in gastric juice. sol. : Phloroglucin 2, red crystals. in evaporating dish delicate. vanillin I, absolute add a drop of R. and alcohol 30. warm gently. Gutzeit's test. Arsenic. (a) Zinc. (6) Sulphuric | Bright-yellow Place a piece of a in acid Io, water 190. stain, becoming test-tube with 5 c.c. {} Sol. lead acetate. black or brown of b ; add liquid, not d) Sat. Sol. silver ni- on addition of exceed in g I c.c. trate a ci du lated water. About 1 cm. below with nitric acid. open end of test-tube insert a glass-wool or cotton plug moist- e n e d with o.5 c. Cover tube with 3 thicknesses filter-pa- per, applying to up- per one a drop of d. Stand a side in a - dark place. Guyot's test. Ammonia. To acid sol. of mer- | White precipitate. Mix R. and liquid. curic nitrate add sol. potass. bromid until first ſpº is redis- solved; the n add potass. hydrate till orange-yellow ppt. appears. Filter. Guyot's test. Iodoform. Starch. Blue color. Heat in flask, and pass vapor through a heated tube over R. Hagen's test. Strychnin. (a) sº. acid. (b)| Bluish-violet color. Mix a and b with Lead dioxid. liquid. Hager’s test. Alkaloids, Sol. picric acid (1:10oo). Yellow ppt. Add R. to liquid. Hager’s test. Ammonia. Mercurous nitrate. Black ppt. or Add R. to liquid. brown color- ation. Hager's test. Arsenic. (a) Potass. , hydrate. Evolution of arsin, Heat liquid with a in - (b) Zinc. (c) Ribbon which is tested excess, b, and small of magnesium. in any conveni- | piece of c. ent way. Hager's test, Arsenic. (a) Hydrochloric acid. Steel-colored to Acidify with a, drop (5) Tinfoil. brown stain. in b, heat to 90° C. Hager’s test. Dextrin. (b) Ammonium molyb- || Blue color. Boil liquid with a and date. (b) Citric acid. 6. Glucose. Mercuric oxid (red)30, Ppt. of mercurous | Add excess of R. to Hager's test. Nitric acid. (ºdic acid. (b) | Blue color. Add a and b. * ugar. Hager's test. Nitrobenzol in oil 45 per cent. alcohol. Cloudiness. Dissolve Io drops oil of bitter almonds. in Io c.c. R. Hager’s test. Nitrous acid. Carbolic acid. Red, then brown and green color- ation. Add R. to liquid. Hager’s test. Phosphorus. (a) Ether or benzine. (b) Strip of silver- nitrate paper. Black stain. Dissolve in a, heat to 3. C., and expose to vapors. TESTS 1480 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. -- - USE. --- REAG ENTS. - - - - REACTION. APPLICATION. * a- Hager's test. Purity of quinin. Sol. of sodium salicyl- || Cloudiness indi- Shake, 2 gm. quinin ate (I : 5). cates other cin- chona alkaloids. Hager's test. Strychnin in san- tonin. Sat. Sol, picric acid. Cloudiness or ppt. sº with 20 c.c. cold water; filter. Dilute filtrate with |al bulk water, add 10 to 12 drops R., and shake. Shake 2 gm. Santonin with 6 c. c. water filter ; to filtrate add I to 2 c.c. R. In case of reaction, Strychnin may be present, and should be further tested for, Hager's test. Sugar in glycerin. (a) Ammon. molybdate. (b) 25 per cent. sol. nitric acid. Hager's test. Tannic acid. Ammonium molybdate. Blue color. Reddish - yellow color. Boil 5 drops glycerin, Ioo drops water, 3 to 4 cg. a, and I drop 6. Haines’ solution. Glucose in urine. Copper Sulphate 3, potass. hydrate 9, glycerin Ioo, water 6oo. Red ppt. Use as in Fehling's teSt. Hammersten's test. Indican in urine. Hammersten's test. Metalbumin. (a) Chloroform. (b) | Blue color of Mix Io of urine with Too much or too Fuming hydrochloric chloroform. 3 to 5 a., 1o 6, and I strong c changes acid. (c) Sat. Sol - drop c. A g it a te color to green. cal c i u m hypo- gently. chlorite. (a) Concent. sulphuric | Violet color. Add a and b. Hammersten's test. Harley's test A. Harley's test B. stand. Harnack's test. Iodin in urine. Haslam's test. (a) Nitric acid. (6) Ether. acid. (b) A c e tic acid. Milk-curdling fer- || See Curdling-ferment ment. test. - - - ---- Urohematin. Nitric acid. Pink, crimson, or purple color in- dicates excess. Urohematin. Red color of 5 in- dicates excess. (a) Starch-paste. Carbon disulphid. (b) Purple color of 5. Whitish zone. Violet color. Color changed to bluish-green. Albumin. (a) Sol. sodium chlorid. (b) Sol. ferric chlorid. Hassalt's test. Aconitin. Sy r u p y phosphoric acid. Hauck's test. Hyposulphites. Sol. pot a S S. per- mangatlate. Biliary acids. Sulphur. Hay's test. Heat-test. Albumin in urine. Heinrich's test. Heinrich's test. Albumin. Glucose. Heintz's test. Potassium in ll I I Il Cº. R. sinks in fluid containing bili- ary acids. Nitric acid. (a) Dilute acetic acid. (b) Sol. so di u tm chlorid. Mercuric iodid 18, po- tass. iodid 25. I) is- solve ; add potass. hydrate Io, water to I OOO. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) A little platinum chlorid dissolved in eq. vol. alcohol and ether. Cloud in ess or white ppt. solved. Precipitate. Reduction. Dilute 24 hours' urine to 60 oz., or concent. if amount greater. To 2 drams add 9% dram R. ; allow to Boil 4 oz. urine ; add a ; when cool heat in 6 oz. bottle with I Oz. 6; shake stand aside 24 hours. Shake with a and 6. Mix urine with few drops a, and pour b cautiously on top. Dissolve in R., and evaporate gently. Mix. Throw a little R. On surface of liquid. Heat upper third of urine contained in a test-tube. To ppt. add drop of R. ; al- bumin is not dis- To 5–10 c.c. liquid add 2 drops a, and boil. Add enough 6 to make 4 per cent. Sol. add Heat R. a in d liquid. Octahedral crys- tals. To Ioo c.c. urine add a little a ; then 2 vols. b. Delicate. Alkaline urine may not throw down ppt. until acid is added. 40 c.c. == 0. 1342 glu- COSC, TESTS 1481 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Heller's test or method. Albumin in urine. Nitric acid. White ring or disc. Place about 30 drops R. in test-tube, and overlay with equal quantity of urine. Delicacy o.o.o.25 per Cent. Heller's test. Biliary pigments. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Nitric acid. Play of colors. In a beaker-glass mix c. c. of a with enough urine to col- or. Allow b to trickle down the side and form a layer under- neath. Heller's test. Blood in urine. Liquor potassae. Reddish - brown ppt. of ph os- phates and blood coloring-matter. Render urine alkaline with R. and boil. Heller’s test. Glucose. See Moore's test. Heller’s test. Urophain in urine. Sulphuric acid. Black or opaque color indicates excess; pale garnet-red, di- minution. From height of about 4 inches pour 4 c.c. urine upon 2 c.c. R. in beaker-glass, so that they mix inti- mately. Heller's test A. Indican in urine. Strong hydrochloric acid. Violet or blue color. To 4 c.c. R. in small beaker-glass add 20 drops of urine while stirring. Allow to stand. Iſbile is present, re- move by precipi- tation with lead acetate and filtra- tion. Heller's test B. Indican in urine. Strong hydrochloric or nitric acid. Violet or blue ring. Gently heat 4 c.c. R. in test-tube; over- lay with equal quan- tity of urine freed from albumin. Hempel’s test. Iodids. (a) Sol. ferric chlorid. Rose-red color. Add a and b, then c. (b) Sulphuric acid. (c) Starch-paste. Henry's test. Iodin. Sol. potass. perman- Liberate iodin with ganate. R. Heppe's test. Chlorates. Sol. anilin sulphate I, Intensely blue col- || Add R. sulphuric acid 2. OT. Herbst's test. Aconitin. Phosphoric acid. Violet color. Evaporate with R. Herbst's test. Atropin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) Odor of oil of bit- || Add a, b, and a little - Potass. bichromate. ter almonds. Water. Herse's test. Codein. (a) Sulphuric acid, (6) | Blue color. Dissolve in a, add b. Sol. ferric chlorid. Herzberg's test. Fºydrochlorie See Congo-red test. a CICl. Heynsius’ test. Albumin. (a) Acetic acid, , (b) Flocculent ppt. Add a and a few c.c. Sat, sol. so dium of b, boil. * chlorid. - Hilger's test. Albumin in urine. (a) Acetic acid. . (6) Turbidity or ppt. To I vol. urine add 34 Extremely deli- Sol. potass. ferro- vol. a , then add 3 cate; o.o.o.25 per cyanid. or 4 drops b. cent. albumin. Serum - albumin, globulin, and al- burnose respond ; peptone does not. Hindenlang's test. Albumin in urine. Metaphosphoric acid. White cloud around R. Drop pellet of R. into filtered urine and allow tube to stand. Do not boil. Delicate; R. does not keep well. Hinterberger's test. Atropin. Cyanogen. Blood-red color. Pass current of R. into alcoholic sol. Hirsch’s test. Carbolic acid. Tr. ferri chlorid. Purple color. Add R. to aqueous sol. Hlasiwetz's test. Hydrocyanic acid. Picric acid. Blood-red color. He at alkaline s ol. with R. Hoffmann’s test. Alkalimetry. Eupittonic acid. Or a ng e color, turned blue by alkalies. Delicacy, I : 60,000. TESTS 1482 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Continued. gºr NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Hoffmann's test. Carbolic acid. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) Violet color or To 2 c.c. a add 2 c.c. o.ool gm. Potass. nitrate. streaks. liquid, and a little b. Hoffmann's test. Chloroform. (a) Anilin. (b) Alco- || Odor of isonitril. | Add a, b, c. hol. (c) Sodium hy- rate. Hoffmann's test. Tyrosin. Neutral sol. of mercu-| Crimson, or pink | Heat solution with R. Ppt. occurs if much ric nitrate. coloration or ppt. tyrosinis present: Hoffm a n n and Ultzmann’s-test. Altered bili a ry coloring-matters (bilifuscin). Brown color. Dip piece of clean, white linen in urine, and allow to dry. Hofmeister's test. Peptone in urine. (a) Concent. Sol. So- dium acetate. (b) Concent. Sol, ferric chlorid. (c) Sol. po- tass. hydrate. (d) I per cent. Sol. cop- per sulphate. Be a utiful, red color (Biu ret- reaction). To 500 c.cm. urine add 50 c.cm. a, then b guttatin until liquid is red ; neutralize with c, boil; filter. If filtrate free from album in, add few drops c and 3. Hoppe-Seyler’s test. Santonin in urine. (a) Sodium hydrate. (b) Amylic alcohol. Red color with a, which is decol- orized by b. Treat urine with a . extract with b. Distinction from chrysoph an ic acid : urine not decolorized by 6. Hoppe-Seyler's test. Glucose in urine. o–Nitrop he nyl pro- pionic acid 5.76 gm. with Ioo c.c. Io tº cent. Sol, sodium hy- drate, dissolved in water and diluted to II50 C.C. Dark-blue color (in di cates O.5 per cent. glucose or reducing sub- stance). Boil 5 c.c. R. with Io drops urine 4 min- ute. Hoppe-Seyler’s test. Xanthin. Sol. sodium hydrate mixed with chlor- inated lime. Dark-green ring, turning brown, then disappear- ing, around each particle of xan- thin. Drop xanthin into R. Horsford’s test. Glycocoll. Sol. potass, hydrate. Bright-red color. Boil with R. Horsley's test. Glucose. Copper sulph. 30, water 1440, tartaric acid 30; let cool; add potass. hydrate 9o, potass. carbonate 90. Reduction of cop- . per sulphate. As in Fehling's test. Horsley's test. Morphin. Sol. potass ferricy- 3.111C e Red color a fter several hours. Add R. Horsley's test. Morphin. (a) Sol. silver nitrate. (b) Nitric acid. Reduction of sil- ver; blood-red color with 6. Add a ; filter; to fil- trate add b. Horsley’s test. Strychnin. (a) Sol. potass. bichro- mate. (b) Sulphuric acid. Purple-violet to red color. Add a to crystals which form add b. Huber's test. Free m in eral acids. Mixture of sol. ammon. molybdate and sol. potass. ferrocyanid. Red , cloudiness, which dis a p- pears on adding the smallest ex- cess of alkali. Add R. Huchard’s test. Hepatic insuffici- ency. Sugar 150-200 gms. Appearance of Sugar in urine. R. is introduced into stomach; normally destroyed in a few hours; if liver in- sufficient, appears in urine. Huehnerfeld’s test. Blood. (a) , Tr. guaiaci, (b) Mixture of glacial acetic acid 2, dis- tilled water 2, oil of turpentine Ioo, absol. alcohol Ioo, chloro- form 100. Blue color. Treat liquid with a and a little of b. A modification of Van Deen’s test. Huizinga's test. Glucose. (a) Potass. hydrate. (b) Ammonium mo- lybdate or tungstate. (c) Hydro chloric acid. Blue color. Alkalinize with a, add b; boil, and acidu- late with c. TESTS 1483 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Cozzzzzzzzed. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. BIume's test. Arsenic. Ammoniacal sol. silver | Black color. Pass arseniuretted hy- nitrate. drogen into R. Huppert's test. Bile-pigments. (a) Milk of lime (1 per Green color. Precipitate with a , ex- cent, sol.). (6) Acid tract with 5. Warm alcohol (containing extract. hydrochloric acid). Husemann's test. Morphin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (5) Blue-violet to red Heat, for half hour | # mgm. Nitric acid. COIOT. with a , after cooling add one drop b. Hydrochloric-acid | Balsam of copaiba. | Hydrochloric acid. Red color. Add R. to urine. Cal- || Reliable. test. cium chlorid or tr. iodi facilitates re- action. Ihl and Pechmann's Levulose. Concent. alcoholic sol. Red color. Warm R., and add test resorcin with a little substance to it. hydrochloric acid. Ihl and Pechmann's] Levulose. (a) Concent. sol. di- || Yellowish-gree n, Boil with a and a little test B. phenylamin. (6) Hy- then dark-blue b. drochloric acid. color. Ilimow's test. Albumin. (a) Acid, sodium phos- Cloudiness an d Acidulate with a, filter; - phate. (6) Carbolic; precipitate. add 6. acid (I: 20). Indigo-test. Acetone. See Bayer’s test. Indigo, or indigo- || Glucose. See Mulder’s test. carmin, test. Indol-reaction. Products of bacil-l See Poehl's test. - lus cholerae asi-. aticae. Iodin-test. Amyloid degenera- || Lugol's solution. Mah agony-red | Treat freshly cut sur- Glycogen and cho- tion. color. face of organ with lester in give diluted R. same reaction. Iodin-test. Starch. Iodin I gm., potass. | Deep-blue color. Add R. iodid 3 gm., water 50 C.C. Iodoform-test. Acetone in urine. See Lieben's test. Isocyanphenyl-test. Nitrobenzol (a ni- | See Flückiger's test lin). for Acetanilid. Ittner's test. Hydrocyanic acid (a) Dil. Sol, }*g. hy- || Blue or gree n | Render liquid alkaline Large quantities, in tissues. drate. (b) Sol. fer- color; flocculent, with a ; add a few immediate, blue rous sulphate (which has become yellow by exposure to air). dark-blue ppt. drops 5, agitate, and let stand Io minutes. Now add c in slight color and precip- itate. Delicacy I : 50,000. (c) Hydrochloric acid. excess ; w arm slightly. Allow to stand several hours if necessary. Jacquemart's test. Alcohol. (a) Sol. mercuric ni- | Reduction of a Add a, then b. trate. (b) Ammonia, black precipitate on adding b. Jacquemin's test. Alkalies. Sol., pyrogallic acid, Change of color to Add R to liquid. with trace of ferric chlorid. blue. Jacquemin's test. Carbolic acid. @ Anilin. (b) Sodium hypochlorite. Blue color. Add eq. vol. a, then add b. Acids color sol. red, alkalies blue. Jaffe's test. Indigo in urine. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Sat. Sol, calcium hypochlorite (bleach- ing powder). (c) Chloroform. Blue color. Mix equal parts urine and a add a few drops 6 until maxi- mum color appears. Agitate with c : eva- porate c extract, and weigh to get ap- proximate quantity. Albumin must first be removed. Jaffe's test. Kreatinin. (a) Sol, of picric acid. | Intense red color. Add a and a few 1:50oo (b) Sodium hydrate. drops of b. Von Jaksch's test. Bilirubin in blood. Yellow froth. Abstract some blood | Serum becomes with cupping-glass; place in a test-tube in refrigerator; after coagulation, with- draw serum into another test-tube; shake. green if placed in a warm cham- ber three or four hours. TESTS 1484 TESTS TABLE OF TESTS.—Continued. e— NAME. USE. REAG ENTS. -- REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Von Jaksch's test. Diacetic acid. (a) Sol. ferric chlorid. | Burgundy red A d d a, filter; add || To other portion Sulphuric acid. color. more a ; boil portion of urine add & º (c) Ether. of mix tu re; red color should persist. and c and per- form test with a on the ethereal extract. Von Jaksch's test. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Sol. benzo-purpurin 6 B. Dark-blue color. Add R. or saturate fil- ter-paper with R. dry, and dip in gas- tric juice. Von Jaksch's test. Glucose in urine. (a) hydrochlorate. Sodium acetate. Phenyl -hydrazin (6) Same as Fischer’s test. To 6–8 c.c. urine add 2 parts a and 3 parts 6, warm ; p 1 a c e tube in boiling water 20–30 minutes, then into cold water. Modified Fischer’s test. Von Jaksch's test. Kresol (Para-). (a) Sodium nitro-prus- sid. (6) Potass.-hy- drate. (c) Acetic acid. Reddish - yellow color ; light pink when c is add- ed. Add a and b, add ex- CeSS C. Von Jaksch's test. Melanin. Sol. ferric chlorid. Black color; also black by trans- mitted light. Add R. Von Jaksch's test. Thallin. (a) Ferric chlorid. (6) ther. Dark-green color. Shake urine with 5, to b extract add one drop a. Urine on addition of a alone, red. Many substances give red color, therefore extract with 6. Jaworowski's test. Albumin in urine. Ammon, molybdenate I, heated with water 4o ; mix with tartaric acid 5. Filter if not clear. Precipitate. Urine must be trans- parent and acid (aci- dify with tartaric acid if necessary). Add R. a few drops at a time ; filter. Said to detect I in 300,000. Johnson's test. Glucose. (a) Sat. Sol. picric acid. (b) Sol. sodium hy- drate. Claret-red color. Add a few drops a, al- kalinize with e W3 IT III . Delicacy o.o. per Cent. Johnson's test (quantitative). Sugar in urine. Standard claret color prepared by boiling 40 minims cold, sat. sol. picric acid with f3.j, sol. containing gr. j glucose to f 3 j, in i x ed with f3ss potass. hydr a te; water is added to make f 5iv. (a) Sat. sol. picric acid. (b) Sol. potass. hydrate. If color same as standard, urine contains gr. j glucose to f 3j. If darker, dilute to standard tint. Number of dilu- tion s e qual S number of grains per ounce. Boil f3.j of dilute urine I minute, with 4o minims a and fºss ô dilute to f 3iv. Cool by immersing in cold water. Jolles' test. Albumin in urine. Kaemmerer’s test. Kauder's test. Klemperer's test. Nitric and nitrous acids in potable Water. Globulin. Zymogen of ren- 1 let. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Sat. sol. calcium chlorid. White turbidity. Treat urine with equal volume a , overlay with 2 or 3 drops 6. (a) Pot a ss. - io did- st a r ch-paste. (6) Acetic acid. (c) Sul- ph uric acid. (d) Zinc-dust. Blue color. To one portion add a and b , blue color in- dicates nitrous acid. To another portion add a, c, d, blue color indicates nitric acid. See Po/h/ 's fest. o.Or per cent. (a) Milk Io c.c., 3 per cent. Sol. calcium chlorid 2 c.c. (b) I per cent. Sol. sodium carbonate. Knapp's test. Glucose in urine. Alkaline Sol. mercuric Cyan 1(1. Curdling of milk. | Reduction to me- tallic mercury. To 2 c.c. filtered gas- tric juice add a and excess of b, place in incubator. Boil a few c.c. R., and add urine. t blackened by vapor of ammo- nium sulphid. TESTS 1485 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Knapp's method. Volumetric test for | Standard alkaline sol. Absence of mer- Run sugar sol. from sugar in urine. mercuric cyanid cury in sol. is in- buret in to hot, (mercuric cyanid Io, dicated by filter- standard sol. sodium hydrate [r. 14] paper moistened Ioo, water up to 7ooo). with I drop sol., 40 c.c. = O.I. Sugar. no longer being Kossel's test. Hypoxanthin. (a) H. (b) ydrochloric acid. Zinc. (c) So- dium hydrate. Ruby-red color. Treat with a and b, and add excess of c. Kost's test. Free hydrochloric (a) Io percent. Sol. tan- Change from vio- Add a, then b. Modification of acid in gastric nin; (b) Sol. methyl- let to blue or Maly's test; , a juice. violet. green. precipitates the interfering pep- tones. Kuehne's test. Syntonin. Lime-water. Soluble in R.; sol. Dissolve in R. and boil. | Reaction , distin- c o a gul at e d', though imper- fectly, by boil- Ing. guishes it from other acid-albu- mins and from alkali-albumins. Kuelz's test. Biliary acids. (a) Dil. Sol. cane-sugar. (b) Concent. sulphur- ic acid. Red, then violet color. Evaporate substance: add one drop a, and a few drops b. Kuelz’s test. Hydrogen sulpho- cyanid in urine. Dil. sol. ferric chlorid, with a little hydro- chloric acid. Red color. Dilute R. until same color as urine, then add. Not reliable. Landoldt's test. Carbolic acid. Bromin-water. White or yellow- ish-white cloudi- ness or ppt. Add excess of R. I : 40,000. Langley's test. Pepsinogen and pepsin. Sodium carbonate. R. destroys pepsin, but has no action on pepsinogen. Lassaigne's test. Semen. Sol. of lead oxid in liquor potassae. No yellow color, as would occur in albuminous fluids. Moisten stain with R., and dry at 68°F. If semen diluted with an albumin- ous secretion, yellow color de- velops. Latschenberger’s test. Ammonia in urine. (a) Sat. Sol. copper Apply to filtrate Treat urine with equal sulphate. (b) Barium | Nessler's test, vol. a , neutralize hydrate. Q. 2). with b , filter. Lea's (Carey) test. Gelatin. Acid sol. mercuric ni- | Red color. Add R. to liquid. trate. Lea's (Carey) test. Hydrocyanic acid. Ammonio-sulphate of Purplish-red color| Add 2 drops of liquid iron I, uranium ni- trat e I, water 240, or ppt. on a porcelain slab to 2 drops R. Leffmann's test. Urine in potable Water, Sol. silver nitrate. Brown color. Add R. Legal's test. Acetone in urine. ** (ºgºs acid. ) So di u m nitro- Red color, which rapidly disap- Acidulate with a, dis- til. To distillate add Kreatinin strikes similar color, prussid. (c) Li q . pears, and gives a few drops each 5 which disappears potassae. place to purple and c. when acetic acid on the addition is added. of acetic acid. Leo's test. Free acids and | Pure calcium carbon- || Change of litmus- || Mix filtrate in watch- Very delicate; .002 acid salts in gas- ate. test paper. glass with R. ; test free hydro- tric juice. with blue litmus; if chloric, o.or lac- latter not reddened, tic acid. acid salts absent ; if red less intense than before, both pres- ent; if red color not altered, free acids abs ent or much diminished. Lieben's test. Acetone in urine. Liq., potassae, 3.7 c.c., | Crystals of iodo- || To R, add 3.7 c.c. urine, Alcohol, lactic acid, potass. iodid 1.2 : place in test-tube and boil. form. distil, and acidulate with hydrochlor, acid. Ring of phosphates is formed first upon this the iodoform is deposite d, later sinking to bottom. aldehyd, and cer- tain fatty acids also respond. TESTS 1486 TESTS TABLE OF Tests—cºntinued. * NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. * Lºmºn, test Cholesterin and (a), Acetic aca anhy- Violet to green Ağı a and a few drops limetry. less; with alka- lies purplish-red. c.c. of liquid. cholesterin-fats. drid. (b) Sulphuric color. acid. Liebermann’s test. Lanolin. (a), Acetic acid anhy- || Rose-red color, Dissolve o.1-0.2 gm. Glycerin-fats do drid. (b) Sulphuric changing to lanolin in 4 c.c. a, not give this acid. green or blue. and add 6. color. Liebermann’s test. | Proteids. Concent. hydrochloric | Violet-red color. Boil substance with R. acid. A-ſº Liebig’s test. Hydrocyanic acid (a) Dil. Sol. sodium | Red color. Place liquid in porce- || Most delicate test— in tissues. hydrate. (3) Am- lain capsule; add a I : 4,000,000. monium sulphid. and b; evaporate to (c) Sol. ferric chlorid. dryness over water- Hydrochloric bath; add water; acid. acidulate with d, and add 2 or 3 drops c. . Liebreich’s test. Cholesterin and | See Burchard’s test. cholesterin-fats. Lindo’s test. Glucose. Sol. in sodium or po- || Yellow, then in- || Treat R. with sub- tass. hydrate of yel- tensely blue. Stance. low substance ob- tained by action of nitric acid on brucin. Lipowitz' test. Phosphorus in or- | (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) Luminosity; odor; Acidulate with a, boil ganic matter. Sulphur. (c) Nitric tests for phos. % hour in retort with acid. phoric acid. b ≤ collect distillate. Wash pieces of sul- phur and examine for luminosity and odor. Add c, and test for phosphoric acid. Luck's test. Acidimetry, alka- || Phenolphthalein. With acids color- || Add 1 drop R. to Ioo | I : 100,000. º Ludwig's test. Alcohol (ethylic). See Otto's test. Ludwig's test. Anilin. (a) Sol. carbolic acid. (b) Sol. sodium hypo- chlorite. (c) Hydro- chloric acid. Dark-blue; red on addition of c. To watery sol. of sub- stance add a and 5. Crystals liberating glorin-gas wit Ludwig's test. Potassium chlor- ate in VOmit. (a) Acetic acid. (6) il. hydrochloric acid. Acidulate with a , boil for one m in ute; filter ; evaporate filtrate to small bulk; stand aside. Dry crystals between blotting-paper; add 8, warm. Luecke’s test. Hippuric acid. Nitric acid. Odor of nitroben- zol. A did R. at boiling temperature; evap- orate; in troduce residue into small glass tube; heat. Lunge’s test. Alkalimetry. Tropeolin (methyl- || Mineral acids | Add R. Carbon dioxid has orange). change yellow to no action. crimson. Lunge's test. Alkalimetry. Phenacetolin (brown | Alkalies turn it substance obtained TeC1. by heating for seve- ral hours carbolic, *Phº and gla- cial acetic acids, each I part). Lustgarten's test. Chloroform. (a) Alpha-naphthol. (b) | Blue color. Dissolve a in 6, and || ſ - Sol, potass, hydrate. add to fluid. Lustgarten's test. Chloroform. Transiest blue Warm R. and mix | Chloral gives same *...*.*.* Or beta-naphthol in pot- ass. hydrate. color. with substance. reaction. Luttke's test. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Tropeolin O O. Yellow color of R. changes to red. Same as Riegel's test, g. 2). TESTS 1487 TABLE OF TEST.S.—Continued. TESTS NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. MacMunn's test. Indigo in urine. (a) Hydrochloric acid. c becomes violet, Boil equal parts urine (b) Nitric acid. (c) and shows ab- and a, and a few Chloroſorm. sorption-bands drops 5; cool, and before and after agitate with c. D., due to indigo- lue. MacWilliams' test. Albumin. Sat, sol. salicyl-sul- Cloudiness or ppt. | Mix drop or two of R. phonic acid. with 20 c.c. of liquid. Magnesia-mixture- || Phosphates in Magnes. Sulphate, am- | Precipitate. Add R. to urine. If ppt. thick, phos. test. urine. mon. chlorid, am- phates increased; monia, each I, wa- if milky, normal; ter 8. if translucent, di- minished. Mag n e s i u m - || Albumin in urine. See Roberts’ test. nitric-test. Magnesium - su 1- || Paraglobulin in Magnes. Sulphate. Precipitate. Saturate urine with phate-test. urine. R. ; remove para- globulin by filtration. Magnier de la | Uric acid. (a) Bromin water. (b) Brick-red color; Rub up sediment with Source's test. Sol. potass. hydrate. blue with b, water, add a, evapo- (c) Ammon. hydrate. purple with c. rate. Add b or c. Mahomed’s test. Small quantities of (a) Tr. guaiaci. (b) Blue color. Dip slip blotting-paper hemoglobin in Ozonic ether. in urine; dry over urine, un a c- spirit-lamp ; drop on companied by albumin. 2 drops a, and after alcohol has evapo- rated, a drop of 6. Maly’s test. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Sol. methylene-blue. Change from violet to blue or green. Add R. Maréchal’s test. Bile-pigments Ulr11162, in Tr. iodi. Delicate green color at line of COntact. Float a few drops of urine on surface of R. in test-tube. Dilute urine if very dark. Marsh's test. Arsenic. (a) Dil. Sulphuric acid. (b) Zinc. Steel-white mirror of m et a 1 lic alſ Seil 10. Introduce substance into flask with a and b. Light jet and permit to impinge on cold porcelain, or heat delivery-tube, when mirror is de- posited in it. Distinguished from similar deposit of antimony by solubility of arsenical mirror in potassium hy- pochlorite. Martin’s test. Peptones in urine. (a) Ammonium sul- phate. (b) Sol. cop- per º (c) Sodium hydrate. Rose-red color. Pºitº's proteids with a filter ; to filtrate add b and considerable c. Maschke's test. Nitrous acid potable water. in (a) Dil. acetic acid. Blue molybdic- acid-solution. Bluish color dis- appears within one hour. Add 6 to Io drops a, then I or 2 drops b. Masset's test. Biliary coloring (a) Sulphuric acid. Grass-green color. To 2 c.c. urine add 2 | Not very delicate. matter. (b) Potass. nitrite. or 3 drops a and crystal of 6. Maumené's test A. | Glucose. Stannous chlorid. Black-brown “car- | Heat glucose-sol. with amel’’-like ppt. R. Maumené's test B. Glucose. Strips, of woole n | Strip turns brown | Boil, strip in glucose- soaked in 334 per | to black is h- solution. cent. Sol. of stannous brown. chlorid, and dried. Mayer's reagent or || Alkaloids. HgClg, 13.546, potass. | White ppt. Add R. test. io did 49.8, water. IOOO. Mazzara’s test. Glucose in urine. (a) Nickel chlorid. (5) || Green ppt. Heat urine with a and Sol. potass. hydrate. a little 5. Méhu's test. Albumin in urine. (a) Nitric acid. (5) Treat urine with 2–3 | Not very reliable; Carbol. acids each I, 90 per cent. alcohol 2. and acetic. Precipitate. per cent. of its vol. of a, add Io per cent. b, shake and allow to stand. normal ur in e may give ppt. Menthol-test. º Glucose in urine. Used like Thymol in Molisch's test, q.v. TESTS 1488 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Confizzzzed. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. Remarks. Mercuric-oxid-test. Acetone in urine. See Reynold-Gunning’s test. Metaphosphoric- || Albumin in urine. See Hindenlang’s test. acid-test. Michailow's test. Proteids. (a) Sol. ferrous sul- | Red ring. Add a , underlay with phate. (b) Sulphuric b, add a little c. acid. (c) Nitric acid. Millard's test. Albumin in urine. Mix glacial phenic | Precipitate. Overlay R. with urine. acid (95 per cent.) 2 d r a ms, a c e tic acid 7 drams; add §§ potassae 2 oz. 6 drams. Miller’s test. Alkalimetry. Same as Lungre’s test, g. Z/. Von Miller’s test. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. See Lzzttée’s test. Millon’s test. Albumin; urea. Metallic , mercury I, HNO3 (1.42) I ; water twice bulk; filter in 24 hours. Yellow, then red color on heating. Add R. Mitscherlich's test. Phosphorus in tis- SU162S, Dil. sulphuric acid. Luminosity. Acidulate watery sol. with R. and distil, conducting vapors through glass tube surrounded by a con- denser. Dark room. If alcohol, ether, or oil of turpentine is present lumin- osity does not ap- pear until it is re- moved. Salts of mercury, iodin, metallicsulphids, etc., in terfere with luminosity also. Mohr’s test A. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. (Free mineral acids.) (a) Potass. iodid starch- paste. (b) Dil. Sol. ferric acetate. Blue color. To gastric juice add a and a few drops b. Not very reliable; phosphoric acid and phosphates prevent reaction. Mohr’s test B. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. (Free mineral acids.) (a) Dil. Sol. ferric acetate. (b) Sol. po- tass. Sulphocyanate. Deep-blue color. Mixture of a and b yellow; in presence of mineral acid turns blue. Moleschott’s test. Cholesterin. C on cent. Sulphuric acid, diluted with # vol. water. Solution of sub- stance with red color. On glass slide, under microscope, add R. to substance. On addition of iod in, v i o let color. 3. Molisch's test. Glucose in urine. (a) a-N a phth ol. (6) Thymol. (c) Strong sulphuric acid. Deep-violet color with a, deep-red with 6. To 2 c.c. urine add 2 drops 15 to 20 per cent. sol. a or ö, mix, and add equal vol. c. Very delicate, but not very reliable; unknown sub- st a n c e s give same reaction. Moore's test. Glucose in urine. Sodium or potass. hy- drate. Yellow, brown, or brownish - black color. If nitric acid is added— odor of burnt su- gar and formic acid. Add R. and boil upper stratum of mixture. Delicacy o.3 per cent. ; norm a 1 u ri n e may re- spond. Mucin. Mucin-test. (a) Acetic acid. (b) Cloudiness on ad- || Add a, then 6. If cloudiness in- Nitric acid. dition of a, ; º: instead appearing wnen of disappearing, b is added. it is due to al- bumin or urates; the latter dissolve on heating. Mucin-test. Mucin. Citric or acetic acid. Cloud-like coagu- Overlay R. with the lum above line of contact. liquid. Mulder’s test. Glucose in urine. (a) Sodium carbonate. (b) Indigo. (Sodium sulpho-indigotate.) Blue color changes to violet-red, finally to yellow or white. On sh a king, blue color is restored. Alkalinize with a, add a few drops b, and heat without boiling or shaking. May use test - papers instead of solutions. Test not very reliable. TESTS 1489 TABLE OF TEST.S.—Cozzzzzzzzed. TESTS NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Acetanilid (anti- febrin). (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) 3 per cent, sol. carbolic acid : , (c) Sol. chromic acid, or calcium chlorid, or ferric chlorid. Red color, turning blue with am- monia. Boil urine with 4, a y allow to cool: add a few c.c. b, and a drop C. Paramidophenol re- Müller’s test. action. Reliable but not very deli- Cate. Müller's test A. Hydrogen sulphid || Alkaline sol, lead ace- || Blackening. Pass current of air in urine. tate. through urine, and against , filter-paper dipped in R. Müller’s test B. Hydrogen sulphid Mix hydrochloric acid, Blue ring. Overlay R. with urine. Modification of in urine. paramido-dimethyla- Aſischer’s test, min, and I or 2 drops dil.sol. ferricchlorid. Munk’s test. Hydrogen sulpho- | (a) Nitric acid. % Prussian blue. Acidify 200 c.c. urine cyanid in urine. Sol. silver nitrate.(c with a add 6, fil- Hydrogen sulphid. dº ter; decompose fil- d) Ferrous sulphid trate with c. Distil. containing iron Add d and e, warm; oxid). (e) Sodium add f. hydrate. (f) Hydro- chloric acid. Murexid-test. Uric acid. (a) Nitric acid. (6) Beautiful red color. Cover substance or Ammonia. residue on evapora- tion with a evapo- rate to dryness on water-bath; add b. Musculus’ test. Urea. Filter put rescent Brown stain. Turns brown on being urine, wash filter- paper, stain, with turmeric and dry. dipped into a sol. of urea, and allowed to dry. a-Naphthol-test. Sugar in urine. See Moltsch’s fest. Nessler's reagent. Ammonium salts. Potass. iodid 5 gm., hot water 5 c.c. Add mercuric chlorid 2.5 gm. in water Io c.c. To mixture add po- tass. hydrate 16 gm. in water 40 c.c.; di- lute up to IOO c.c. Yellow or reddish- brown coloration. Neukomm’s test. Biliary coloring- | (a) Dilute, sulphuric | Violet color. Extract with alcohol, matter. acid. (5) Sol. of evaporate to small Sugar. bulk. To one drop in porcelain dish add One drop a and trace Ö, warm. Niggl’s test. Lignin. (a) Aq. sol. of indol. Red color. Subject specimen to a (b) Sulphuric acid. for a few minutes; (Spec. grav. I.2.) transfer to 6. Nigrosin-test. Water. Nigrosin. Black color. Add piece of R. Nitric-acid-test. Albumin in urine. See Hellez’s test. Nitric-acid-test. ** Urea. (a) Alcohol (b) Con- cent. nitric acid. Six-sided crystals of urea nitrate. Evaporate liquid to syrupy consistence; extract with a , dis- til a off; dissolve residue in water; add b, preferably un- der microscope. Nitroprussid-test. Hydrocyanic acid. See Vortmanz’s test. Le Nobel’s test. Acetone in urine. (a) Sol. sodium nitro- prussid, (5) Strong 3.111111011121. Rose-violet color. To 30 c.c. urine add 4 to 7 c.c. a and a few drops b. Dilution may be necessary to bring out color. Noel's test. Biliary coloring- || Nitric acid. Play of colors. Dip filter-p a per in matter. guid ; dry, and add Nylander's test. Glucose in urine. Bismuth submitrate 2, Black color of To Io parts urine add | Del i cacy o.1 per sodic potass.tartrate 4, dissolved in sol. sodium hydrate (Io gm. in 90 c.c. water). liquid or of the pp. t. of phos- phates. I part R., and boil. * cent. ; very reli- a b le. Albumin must be removed. 94 TESTS 1490 TESTS TABLE OF TESTS.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. k - Oliver’s test. Albumin in urine. (a). Sodium tungstate. Precipitate. Mix equal parts a and (b) Citric acid. b, and add to urine. Oliver’s test. Biliary acids. Me a t-pept one 30 | Precipitate. Dilute urine to sp. gr. grains, Salicylic acid Ioo&. Mix 20 minims 4 grains, acetic acid with a dram of R. 30 minims, water 8 Olı Il CeS. O'Shaughnessy's Opium. Persalts of iron. Red color. Add R. Color not acted teSt. upon by alkalies. Osmic-acid-test. Fat in tissues. Weak sol. of osmic aC1C1. Black color. Stain tissue with R. Otto's test. Alcohol (ethylic). (a) Concent, sulphuric acid. (b) Sodium acetate. O d or of a c e tic ether. Add equal vol. a and a little of 6. Otto's test. Strychnin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (6) Potass. bichromate. Violet color. Add a and b. Pagenstecher's test. Hydrocyanic acid. (a) Tr. guaiaci. (b) #4 per cent. Sol. of cop- per sulphate. Blue color. Soak filter-paper in a, moisten with 6, then with liquid. I : 300,000. Paraglobulin-test. Paraglobulin. See Magnesium-s u l- phate-test. Paton's test. Globulin in urine. Sat. sol. magnesium sulphate. White ring. Alkalinize urine, and underlay with R. Paul's test. Biliary matter. coloring- Sol. of methylanilin- violet. Red color. Add R. to urine. Pavy's test. Albumin in urine. Potass. or sodium fer- rocyanid and citric acid in tablets. Precipitate. Pulverize tablets and add urine. Not very reliable. Favy’s test. Glucose in urine. Cº. sulph. 4.158, issolve in water with slight heat. In another bottle dis- solve Rochelle salts 20.4 and a little po- tass. hydrate. Mix: cool, and add 300 c.c. strong am m on ia (o.880); dilute to 1 * liter. Yellow or red ppt. Use as in Fehling's test. Penzoldt's test. Acetone in urine. See Baeyer's test. Penzoldt's test. Bile-pigment. Acetic acid. Green color. Filter large quantity through double fil- ter; allow paper to dry, and pour on a few c.c. R. Warming accelerates form a - tion of green color. Very delicate. Penzoldt's test. Bile-pigment. (a) Chloroform. (5) Sol. ferric chlorid. Green color. Acidify urine with acetic acid ; shake with a . our off urine; add b. Not very delicate. Penzoldt's test. Glucose in urine. (a) Weakly alkaline sol. diazobenzol-sul- Yellowish-red or light Bordeaux- To a few c. c. urine add b, and as much Very reliable. Con- trol - test with phonic acid. red color; red a as urine. Shake | normal ur in e Potassium hydrate. foam. in 34–% hour to pro- should always duce foam. be employed. Penzoldt’s test. Naphthalin. Concentrated sulphur- Dark-green color. Pour a little urine into Delicate and re- ic acid. test-tube; empty so liable. that only a drop re- mains; then add I c.c. R. Penzoldt's test. Thallin. (a) Ferric chlorid. (b) | Dark-green color. | Shake liquid with 5; Chloroform. to 5 extract add one drop a. - Peptone-test. For peptone. See Hofmeister's test and Biuret-test. Petri's test. Kairin in urine. (a) Acetic acid. (5) Sol. calcium chlorid. Fuchsini-red color. Add a and b. TESTS 1491 TESTS TABLE OF TESTS-continued -- - - - - - - - - - - - NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Petri’s test. Proteids. (a) , Diazobenzol-sul- Orange-yellow to Add a and 6. honic acid. odium hydrate. (b): brownish - red; foam red. Pettenkofer's test. Biliary acids. Fresh sol. of sugar and dilute sulphuric acid. Yellowish-red color, passing into CrimSOIn. Add a few drops of liquid to R. Albumin must be removed; excess of indican, and albumin give similar reaction. Phenic-acid-test. Albumin. See Millard’s test. Phenyl-hydrazin- test. Glucose in urine. See Fischer’s test. Phloroglucin-vanil- lin-test. Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. See Günzburg's test. Picric-acid-test. Albumin. See Galipe’s test. Picric-acid-test. Glucose. See Braun's test and Johnson's test. Piotrowski's reac- | Proteids. See Ritthausen’s test. tion. Piria's test. Tyrosin. (a) Concentrated sul- Violet color. Moisten on watch - || Excess of c de- phuric acid. (b) Barium carbonate. (c) Dil, sol. ferric chlorid. glass with a, warm 5–10 m in u t e s on water-bath. Dilute with water, warm, neutralize with b, filter while w arm. Add c to filtrate. stroys color. Poehl's test. Products of bacil- lus cholerae asi- aticate. Concentrated sulphur- ic acid. Rose color deepen- ing into purple. Add 10 drops R. to 7 c.c. pure culture of the comma-bacillus. This is the indol- reaction ; other bacteria elabor- ate indol, but the comm a-bacillus and one or two others elaborate nitrous acid also, which is neces- sary for the reac- tion. Pohl's test. Globulin. (a) A m m on i u m hy- drate. , (b) Sat. sol. ammonium sulphate. Precipitate. Alkalinize with a fil- ter after several hours; add e qual part 6 to filtrate. Pohl's test. Picric acid. Yellow color. Soak woolen thread in the liquid and rinse in Water. Pollacci's test. Glucose. (a) Sol. ferric chlorid. Blue color. Shake liquid with 4 (b) Sol. sodium hy- c.c. water, I drop a, drate. (c) Sulphuric and 6 drops b, boil; acid. (d) Fresh sol. add 2 drops c. Let potass. ferricyanid. cool ; add d. Pollak's test. Melanin. See Von Jaksch’s test. (a) Chlorin-water. (b) Chloroform or car- bon disulphid. Potassium-bromid- test. Potass. bromid in urine, etc. Yellow color. Add a and b. Reliable but not delicate. Potassium-ferrocy- || Albumin in urine. See Hilger's test. anid-test. Potassium-hydrate-| Chrysophanic acid | Potassium hydrate. Red color. Add R. to urine, or, test. (rhubarb, senna) better, to ethereal in urine. extract (Penzoldt). Potassium-hydrate- Santonin (its deri- Potassium hydrate. Red color. Add R. to urine. Distinguished from test. vatives). chry's op h a nic acid by reaction not being ob- ta in ed with ethereal extract. Pratesi's test. Glucose in urine. Potass. hydrate 2.5, liquid potass. sili- cate (concent.) 60, potass. bichrom. 2. Allow 5 drops of this mixture to dry on strip of tin. Green color. Heat tin, R, turns yel- low ; add u ri ne: green color if glu- cose present: * TESTS 1492 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continated. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Price’s test. Iodin. (a) Starch. (6) Hydro- Blue color. Mix liquid with a, b, c. chloric acid...(c) Sol. potassium nitrite. Propeptone-test. Propeptone. See Sodium-chlorid test. Propeptone-test. Prop ept one in Acetic or nitric acid. Cloudy precipitate, Boil urine, allow to UIT II] e. disappearing on heating. cool, add R. If ppt. occurs, re-heat. Prussian-blue test. Hydrocyanic acid in tissueS. See Ittner's test. Purdy's reagent. Glucose in urine. Copper sulphate 4.15 gm., mannite Iogn., glycerin 50 c.c.; dis- solve in water. Add potass. hydrate 20.4 gm. dissolved in water. Mix the solu- tions, and when cold, add ammonia 300 c.c., and water to make I liter. Reduction. 25 c. c. of R. = % grain glucose. Raabe's test. Albumin in urine. Trichloracetic acid. White precipitate. Place crystal of R. See under Urine, in filtered urine. Tests for Serum- album in in. Rabourdin's test. Iodin. (a) Nitric acid; (b) Violet color of c. Add 2 drops a, 15 b, Sulphuric acid. (c) and a little c. Chloroform. Rabuteau’s test. Hydrochloric acid (a) Indigo -sulphuric | Decolorization. Add a little a and suf- in urine. acid. (5) Sulphurous ficient 5 to decom- aC1Cl. pose the hydro- chloric acid. Ralfe's test. Acetone in urine. (a) Liq. potassae. (b) Potassium iodid. Yellow ring stud- ded with specks of iodoform at line of contact. Boil 4 c.c. of a contain- ing 1.5 gm. 5; over- lay with 4 c.c. urine. Lactic acid and some other sub- stances respond. Ralfe's test. Peptones in urine. Fehling's solution . (See Fehling's test). Rose-colored halo above zone of phosphates. Place 4 c.c. R. in test- tube; overlay with equal bulk of urine. Randolph's test. Peptones in urine. (a) Millon's re a gent º Millon's test). b) Sat. Sol. potass. iodid. Yellow precipitate. To 5 c.c. of cold, faintly acid urine add 2 drops b and 3 Or 4 a. Bile-acids respond. Delicacy I: 17,000. Read’s test. Carbolic acid; cre- || Stronger ammonia. Carbolic acid solu- aSOte. ble; creasote in- soluble in R. Rees’ test. Albumin. See Almán's test. Reichardt’s test. 4. Nitric acid in pot- able water. (a) Sol. brucin, (b) Sul- phuric acid. Red color. To one drop of water .#4 3 drops a, a few Of 0. Reiche's test. Gum-arabic. Sol, of orcin in hydro- chloric acid. Red to violet color and blue precipi- tate, dissolving in alcohol with greenish - blue color. Boil with R. Alkalies turn last color into violet, with greenish fluorescence. Reichl's test. A. Glycerin. (a) Carbolic acid. Sulphuric acid. (b) Brownish-yellow ppt., turn in g crimson on addi- tion of water. Heat cautiously equal parts of liquid, a, and b. Reichl’s test. B. Glycerin. (a) Pyrogallic acid. (6) Sulphuric acid, (c) Stannic chlorid. Violet-red color. Boil with a and b, di- lute with equal vol- ume of water, and add c. Reinsch's test. Arsenic. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Clean slip of cop- per. Bluish spots. Boil liquid with few drops a and with b. Reinsch's test. Sulphurous acid. (a) Bright strip of cop- per. (b) Hydro- chloric acid. Brown to black stain. Moisten a with liquid in presence of b. TESTS 1493 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Reissner's test, Nucleo-albumin in Acetic acid. Turbidity. Filter, u ri ne; dilute, urine. - and add excess of R. ’s test. Kairin in urine. a) Sol. ferric chlorid. Dark-yiolet or Add , a, Subsequent Renzone’s tes ( % Sulphuric acid. reddish-brow n | addition of b, light- color. red color. Resorcin-sugar | Hydrochloric acid See Boas' test. teSt. in gastric juice. Reuss' test. Atropin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (5) Odor of blossoms. Heat with a and 5. . An oxidizing agent. Reynold's test. Acetone. See Reyn old- G u n | n in g’s test. nold-Gunning's Acetone in urine. (a) Mercuric oxid | Black ring of mer- || To urine add small | Black ring shows Rº: g ( lº yellow precipi- curic sulphid. quantity of a. If that a has been tate). g ium sulphid. (b) Ammon- . acetone present, some a is dissolved. Filter and overlay : filtrate with b. dissolved, thus indicating ace- tone. Very deli- cate; less so than Alteben's test. Reynoso's test. Iodin. (a) Barium oxid. (5) Starch-past e. (c) Hydrochloric acid. Blue color. Mix a, b, and c in water; when evolu- tion of gas begins, add liquid. Rhien’s test. Fixed. oils in es- sential oils. (a) Steam. (5) Ether. Fatty matter con- tained in 6. Pass a through oil until it distils over; shake residue with 6. Rice's test. Carbolic acid. , (a) Potass. chlorate. (5) Hydrochloric acid. (c) Ammonia. Brown to rose-red COIOI. Put Io gnm, a into test- tube, add 1 inch 5, and 1% vol. of water. Remove gas by blow- ing through a glass tube; pour c on top, and a few drops of the liquid. I . I2OO. Richmont's test. Nitric acid. (a) º: acid. (b) Sol. ferrous sulphate. Red color chang- ing to violet and brown. Add a, then 5. Riegel's test. | Free hydrochloric acid in gastric Juice. Either Congo - red paper or solution. Blue. Moisten paper , with drop of filtered gas- tric juice, or add drop of R. to latter. Very delicate. Righini's test. Purity of myrrh. Ammonium chlorid. Should dissolve completely. Add equal weight of R. in 15 times as much water. Rily's test. Chlorin. (a) Potass, bichromate. Yellow to orange | Mix a and substance % Sulphuric acid. color. ââ I, and 6 3, in c) Ammonia. , (d) beaker-glass, and Acetic acid. (e) Sol. .# in it small lead subacetate. be a ker containin ice. To condense crystals add c, d, and &. Ritthausen’s test. Proteids. (a) Dilute sol, of cop- Violet-red color. Alkalinize with 5, add | Delicacy ..or per per sulphate. , (b) a, and shake. Cent. Sol. potass. hydrate. Roberts’ test. Albumin in urine. Strong nitric acid I, sat. Sol. magnes. Sul- phate 5. White ring or disc, Overlay R. with urine. Roberts' test. Albumin in urine, Sat. Sol. sodium chlo- rid in dilute hydro- chloric acid (5 to Ioo of water). White ring or disc, Overlay R. with urine. Roberts’ test. Glucose in urine. German yeast. Difference in specific gravity between fer- mented and un- fermented urine. Add a little yeast to 60-70 c.c. of urine; allow to ferment for 24 hours, and com- pare specific #. with that of same urine unfermented. Every degree lost represents I grain of glucose per Ounce, or o.23 per Cent. Robin's test. Alkaloids. (a) Sugar. . (6) Sul- phuric acid. Color-reactions. Mix with twice its weight of a, add 2 drops b, stir. TESTS 1494 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Cozzzzzzzzed. Naww. - use. - Reagents. REACTION. APPLICATION. Remarks. Robiquet's test. Morphin. Sol. of a persalt of iron. Blue color. Roch’s test. Albumin in urine. Salicylsulphonic acid. Turbidity or pre- cipitate. Add 20 per cent. sol. or a few crystals of R. to urine. Rochleder's test. *— Caffein. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (b) Potass. chlorate. (c) Ammonia. Yellow is h - red color, turning violet on addi- tion of c. Heat with a and b, and evaporate gently; add c. Romei's test. Fuchsin in fruit- Syrups. Fusel-oil. R. takes up only the fuchsin. Shake with R. Romei's test. Water in ether. Potass, carbolate. Dense solution in presence of Water. R. insoluble in pure ether. Rosenbach’s test. Albumin in urine. 5 percent. Sol. of chro- 1111C 21C1 Cl. Yellow precipi- tate. A few drops of R. . a d ded to acidu- lated urine. Rosenbach’s test. Bile-pigment in li1 11162, Fuming nitric acid. Play of colors. Filter urine, and pour R. Över the inner surface of the filter- paper. Modification of Gmelin's test, but more deli- Cate. Rosenbach’s test, In digo-red in UIT111C. Nitric acid. Deep-red color; foam violet ; color soluble in chloroform or ether. Boil urine; add R. drop by drop. Rosenstiehl's test. Paratoluidin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) Nitric acid. Blue to violet, then red, finally brown. To solution in a add b. Rosin's test. Bile-pigment in bºil 11162. Tr. iodi I, alcohol Io. Grass-green ring. Overlay urine with R. In the absence of bile urine is de- colorized at line of contact. Rosolic-acid test. Acidimetry, alka- limetry. Rosolic acid I gm., di- lute alcohol Io c.c., water to make Ioo C.C. Turns violet-red with alkalies, y el low with acids. Ross' test. Phosphoric acid. (a) Borax. (b) Sodium tungstate. Blue color in re- duction-flame. Dissolve in bead of a, add 5, heat in re- duction-flame. Roth's test. Purity of olive-oil. Sulphuric acid sat. Color-reactions. Mix. with nitrous - acid vapors. Ruber's test. Glucose in urine. See Rubner's test. Rubner’s test. Glucose in urine. (a) Sol. lead acetate. Rosy to flesh color. Add to urine excess of Delicacy o.25 per (b) Ammonium hy- drate. a, filter, add to fil- trate b, and warm. Cent. Rubner’s test. Milk-sugar. (a) Sol. lead acetate. (b) Ammonium hy- drate. With a yellowish- brown ; when is added, brick- red color and cherry-red ppt. Boil with excess of a , add 6 as long as ppt. is dissolved. Ruempler’s test. Free acids in fixed Ol S. So di u (C. P.). carbonate Emulsion. Shake liquid with R. Runge's test. Anilin. Sol. chlorinated lime. Purple - violet color, Add R. Runge's test. Anilin. Pine-wood stained yellow even by dilute so 1. of a nil in hydro- chlorate. Runge's test. Cane-Sugar. Dilute sulphuric acid. Blackening on ev ap or a ting with R. Evaporate substance Wit Runge's test. Carbolic acid. Hydrochloric acid. Blue color of a p in e 'shavin poistened wit - Dip shaving moist- ened with R in to carbolic acid. TESTS 1495 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continuea. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Rust’s test. Carbo lic acid ; Collodion. Carbolic acid CreaSOte. for m s a jelly with R. ; crea- Sote does not. i Sabanin and Las- || Citric acid. Ammonia. Yellow color. Heat with R. in sealed Blue color when kowski’s test. Sachse's test (Quan- titative). Glucose in urine. Mercuric iodid 18 gm., potass. iodid 25 gm., pot a ss. hydrate 80 gm., water up to 1000 C.C. | t | tube at 120° C. 6 hours; yellow color. Reduction. poured out and allowed to stand. End of reaction ascer- 40 c.c. = o. 1342 glu- tained by means of Sol. of St a n n o us chlorid, supersatur- ated with sodium hydrate. COS6. Salicylic-acid test. For salicylic-acid derivatives in l! III, 6. See Ferric-chlorid test. Saliphonic-test. Albumin. See Mac I4/1 1 / 1 a mus' test. | ! ; Salkowski's test. Carbolic acid. (a) Ammonia. (b) Sol. ! chlor in a ted lime (I : 20). - Blue or greenish Add 34 volume a and I : 4000. color. a few drops 6, warm.' Salkowski's test. Cholesterin. (a) Ch 1 or of or m. (5). Blood-red color of Dissolve in a add Sulphuric acid. a, green fluores- equal volume b. cence with 6. . Salkowski's test. Hematoporphyrin. (a) Sol. bar i u m hy- In spectroscope 2 | Precipitate urine with drate a n d barium chlorid. (b) Acid al- cohol (alcohol con- taining I per cent. hydrochloric acid). characteristic bands. : a, wash precipitate, and extract with b. Salkowski's test. Oxalic acid. (a) Calcium hydrate. º Calcium chlorid. (c) Alcohol. (d) Dil. hydrochloric acid. (e) Ammonium hy- drate. (f) Acetic acid. Octahedral crys- tals of calcium Oxalate. } Crystals of a cid potasS. tart rate. Al kal in ize 100 c.c. urine with a , add 6, evaporate parti- ally ; add c, wash with c and hot wa- ter; dissolve in d, . add e and ſ. Salkowski's test. Pot a ss i u m in urine. Concent. sol. tartaric acid. Evaporate IOO–150 c.c. urine to ¥s vol.; fil- ter in the cold ; add R. | Salkowski's test. Sulphurous a cid 111 Ul I 1 In 62. Hydrochloric acid (spec. grav. I. 12). Bluish or yellow- ish-white ppt. on upper portion of cooling tube. | Distil 100 c.c. urine and Io c.c. R. to 93 or 94 vol. Salomon's test. Xanthin, paraxan- thin, heteroxan- thin. Sodium or potass. hy- drate. R. precipitates paraxanthin and heteroxanthin. P a r a x a n thin — right - a ng led p l a n e s a n d prisms. Hetero- xanthin — acute- angled or obtuse- a ng led , often double, crystals. Salzer's test. Alcohol in essen- | Fuchsin. Alcohol evapo- Dust R. on upper part tial oils. rates first a n d of inside of a test- dissolves R. tube; drop oil on bottom with out to u ch in g sides of tube heat. Schaal's test. Acidimetry, alka- || Alizarin. Acids color it yel- I : 300,000 alkali. Schack's test. limetry. low ; a l k a lies rose-red. Oil of peppermint. Fused salicylic acid. Scherer's test. Inosite. (a) Nitric acid. (6) Ammonia. (c) Sol. calcium chlorid. Blue-green color. Dissolved in al- cohol, blue by transmitted, red by reflected light. Mix liquid and R. Rose-red residue. Evaporate to dryness with a , add 6, one drop c, and evapo- rate. Of value only with pure solutions. TESTS 1496 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. —w Scherer's test. Leucin. (a) Nitric acid. (3) | Transparent resi- Evaporate to dryness || Only applicable to Sodium hydrate. due, turn i ng brown on addi- tion of 6. with a on platinum ; add b. Re-evapora- tion produces an oily drop. very pure leucin. Scherer's test. Phosphorus in tis- SlleS, (a) Basic lead acetate. (b) Ether. (c) Paper moistened with sil- ver-nitrate sol. Blackening of pa- per; test for phosphoric acid. Mix with a, shake in flask with b, close with cork, to under surface of which c is attached. Digest blackened c with hot water; separate silver by hydrochloric acid and filtra- tion; test filtrate for phosphoric acid. Scherer's test. Phosphorus. Slip of silver-nitrate paper. Black stain. Heat substance to 30- 40°C., and expose R. to vapor. Schering’s test. Iodates in iodids. Crystal of tartaric acid. Yellow zone. Add R. to solution. Schiff's test. Carbohydrates in urine. (a) Sulphuric acid. (6) Xylidin and glacial acetic acid, eq. vol., with a little alcohol. Red color. Warm urine with a . º: aper dipped in b and dried to the fumes of the urine. Schiff’s test. Cholesterin. Sulphuric acid 2, dil- || Violet color. Add R. ute sol. ferric chlo- rid I. * Schiff’s test. Cholesterin. (a) Nitric acid. (b) | Red color (not al- Evaporate with a add Ammonia. tered by fixed 5. alkalies). Schiff’s test. Sulphurous acid. | Mercurous-nitrate pa- Gray stain. Expose R, to the va- per. pors of the sub- Stance. Purple color, turn- Schiff’s test. Urea. (a) Sol. of furfurol. (6) º - Add a and b. Hydrochloric acid. in g brownish- © black. Schiff's test. Uric acid. Brown stain. Treat R. with alkaline Silver-nitrate paper. solution of sub- Stance. Schlag den hauf- fen's test. Magnesium salts. Sol. of iodin in 2 per cent. Sol. of potass. or sodium hydrate, till solution golden- yellow. Brownish-red col- or or precipitate. Add R. Schlienkamp's test. Nux vomica. Sulphuric acid. Crimson color; disappears on cooling. Add R. and evaporate. Schmid’s test. Metallic salts. Sol. of phosphorus in carbon disulphid. Colored precipi- tate. Shake R. with aqueous solution of the salt. Schmidt’s test. Glucose. Ammoniacal so l. of lead acetate. Red color. Boil with R. Schmie deberg’s solution. Glucose. Copper sulph. 34.634, water 200; mannite 15, water Ioo; sod- ium hydrate (1.145) 4oo; water to Iooo. Reduction. Use as in Fehling’s test. Schneider's test. Alkaloids. (a) , Sugar. . . (5) Sul- phuric acid. Color-reactions. Mix with 6 a., and add I drop b on top. Schneider's test. Bismuth. Tartaric acid 3, stan- nous chlorid I, in suf- ficient so 1. potass. hydrate. Blackish-brown precipitate. Heat with R. Schoenbein’s test. Blood. (a) Tr, guaiaci. (b) Ol. left. (French). Blue color. Add a, then 6. Schoenbein’s test. Copper. (a) Potass. cyanid. (b) Tr. guaiaci. Blue color. Add a, then 6. Schoenbein’s test. Hydrocyanic acid. (e. Fresh, defibrinated lood 5, water 45, (b) Hydrogen dioxid. Red color changed to brown. Mix a, b, and liquid, and add a little c. TESTS 1497 TESTS A TABLE OF TEST.S.–Cozztºnzed. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Schoenbein’s test. Hydrocyanic acid. Strip of filter-paper | Blue color. Moisten R. with drop | Very delicate, but moistened with 3 % alcohol. Sol. guaiac; dry; moisten with drop of o.os 34 sol. copper sulphate. or two of the liquid. many substances res p on d : am- monia, tobacco- smoke, oz on e, etc. Schoenbein’s test. Hydrogen dioxid. (a) Cadmium iodid and starch-solution. (b) Sol. ferrous sul- phate. Blue color. Add a and 5. Schoenbein’s test. Hydrogen dioxid. (a) Tr. of guaiac (fresh). (b) Cold in- fusion of malt. Blue color. A% a and a few drops I : 2,000,000. Schoenbein’s test. Hydrogen dioxid. | Sol. ferric chlorid and | Blue color. Add R. I to Io,000,000. potassium ferricy- anid (red). Nitrous acid in (a) Sol. pyrogallic acid. Brown color. Add a and 5. Schoenbein’s test. potable water. (b) Dilute sulphuric acid. Schoenbein’s test. * Nitrous a cid in potable water. Indigo-sol. to water to render it blue; add ‘hydrochloric acid; stir, and add potas- sium pentasulphid till blue color disap- pears ; filter. Blue color. Add suspected water to R. Schoenn's test. Cobalt. Neutral sol. sodium | Blue color. Add R. sulphocyanid. Schoenn’s test. Hydrogen dioxid. Sol. titanic acid. Yellow to deep- Add R. red color. - - Schoenn’s test. Molybdic acid. Sulphuric acid. Blue color. Heat with R. Schoenn’s test. Phosphorus. Magnesium ribbon. Evolution of phos- | Heat with R.; then add phin. a little water. Schoenn’s test. Sulphur. (a) Sodium. (5) Sol. Red color. Heat with a ; dissolve sodium nitroprussid. in water; add 5. Schreiter’s test. Glucose. Mixture of so di u m | Red precipitate. Heat with R. salicylate 2, copper sulphate 2, sodium hydrate ro, water 4o. Schuetzenberger's Anthrachinon. Alkaline sol. , sodium | Red color. Heat with R. teSt. hyposulphite Schultz’s test. Cellulose. Dissolve 25 parts zinc | Turns cellulose | Add R. chlorid, 8 potass. cell-walls blue to iodid, in 8% water; purple. filter through asbes- tos, and add iodin 4 to Saturation. Schultz's test. Cellulose. Dissolve zinc in pure | T urns cellulose | Add R. hydrochloric acid; cell-walls blue to evaporate in pres- purple. ence of metallic zinc to Syrupy consist- ence; saturate with potasS. iodid and io- din. Schultze’s test. Alkaloids. Mixture of sat, sol. so- | White precipitate. Add R. dium º: 4, antimony chlorid I. Schultze’s test. Alkaloids. Mixture of antimony | White precipitate. Add R. chlorid an d phos- phoric acid. Schulz’s test. Salicylic acid. Sol. copper sulphate. Green color. Add R. to neutral solu- tion of a salicylate. Schulze's test. Ammonia. Sol. chlorinated lime and carbolic acid. Green color. Add R. Schulze's test. Guanidin salts. Nessler’s reagent. See AWessler's test. White or pale-yel- low precipitate, flocculent, but later becoming dense. Add R. TESTS 1498 TESTS TABLE OF TESTS.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Schulze's test. Nitric acid in (a). Sol. ferric chlorid. | Formation of ni- || Add a and b. U11 II le. - (b) Hydro chloric trous oxid. acid. - Schwabe's test. Quinin. Sol, potass. cyanid. Crimson color. Add R. Schwarzenberg’s | Alkaloids. | (a) Nitric acid. (6) Color-reactions. Treat with a and b. test. Ammonia. Schweitzer's test. Textile fibers. Copper sulphate Io, Dissolves silk, cot- water Ioo. Add po- ton, linen. tass. hydrate 5, in water 50. Wash ppt. and dissolve in 20 per cent. Sol. am- monia 20. Scivoletto's test. Hydriodic acid in ll.1 line. (a) Starch-paste. (b) Fuming nitric acid. Blue color. Dip filter-paper in a and dry; sprinkle with urine; hang in upper portion of a flask containing b. Seidel’s test. Inosite. (a) Nitric acid. (3) Greenish color | Evaporate o.o.3 of sub- Ammonia. (c) Sol. and violet ppt. stance in platinum strontium acetate. crucible to dryness with a , treat resi- § due with b and c. Seliwanoff’s test. | Levulose. (a) Resorcin. (5) Hy- | Ppt. soluble with Warm substance with drochloric acid. red color in al- a and 6. cohol. Selle’s test. Ammonia. Tincture of the petals | Green color. Di flºp. in R., of blue hyacinth. ry, and expose to vapors. Selmi’s test. Alkaloids. Sat. Sol. iodic acid in | Color-reactions. sulphuric acid, di- luted with 6 volumes of same acid. Selmi’s test. Free phosphoric acid. Green color. Hold substance on platinum loop close to lower part of hy- drogen flame. Selmi's test. Morphin. Stir red lead oxid, in Slightly, yellow to To I drop R. add 2 glacial acetic acid 15 bright-yellow, drops morphin-sol. minutes; filter. dark-y el low, - - violet color. Selmi's test. Morphin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) Violet dissolved in Dissolve in , a, , then Sodium bicarbonate. a , with b and c, saturate with ö, and (c) Tincture of iodin. green color. add c. Selmi’s test. Strychnin. Sol. iodic acid in sul- || Yellow, brick-red, Moisten with R. phuric acid. and violet-red color. Senier's test. Glycerin. Borax bead. Green color. Dip R., in alkaline liquid and test in Bunsen flame. Serullas’ test. Morphin. Iodic acid. Red color. Add R. Siebold’s test. Albumin. (a) Ammonia. (b) Di- Cloudiness. Add small excess a and lute acetic acid. b; heat to boiling. Siebold’s test. Alcohol in chloro- Iodin. Reddish brown. R. in pure chloroform, form. purple color; in pres- ence of alcohol, red- dish-brown. Siebold's test. Morphin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (6) Potass. perchlorate. Brown color. Heat with a, add 6. Siebold and Brad- bury's test. Salicylic acid in urine. (a) Potassium carbon- ate. (b) Sol. lead ni- Violet color. Alkalinize with a, add excess b, shake, fil- trate. (c) Dilute sol. ter; add c. ferric chlorid. Siewer's test (also | Motor activity of Salol 2 grams in cap- | Salicy 1 uric-acid Administer R.with the Salol, is decom- known as E- wald’s test). stomach. sule or wafer. reaction in urine. (See Ferric- chlorid test for salicylic acid.) meal; reaction in 3% to 1 hour normally. posed in the in- testineS. TESTS 1499 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Cozzzzzzzzed. Name. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Siewert’s test. | Molybdic acid. Aqueous sol. potass- ||Yellow to flesh-col- || Add. R. to solution of ium xanthogenate (ethylsulpho-carbon- ate). ored ppt., turn- ing to violet. acid in nitric acid. Silver-test. Glucose in urine. (a) Ammonia. (3) Sol. silver nitrate. Metallic silver. Add a in excess to 5; add urine and boil. Aldehyd and tar- taric acid give same reaction. Silver-nitrate test. Chlorids. (a) Io per cent. Sol. sil- ver nitrate. (6) Ni- tric acid. White ppt. Add a few drops & to prevent precipita- tion of phºsphates; then add a. In case of urine, if curdy masses, chlorids not dim- inished ; if milki- ness only, dim- inished ; if no cloudiness, chlo- rids are absent. Simon's test. Cinnamic acid. (a) Potass. bichromate. (b) Sulphuric acid. Formation of oil of bitter al- monds. Add a and b. Simon’s test. Xanthin. Sodium chlorid or cal- cium chlorid. Evolution of nitro- gen, and a blue, then a brown, finally a yellow color. To substance dis- solved in a fixed al- kali add R. Sjöqvist’s method. Quantitative esti- Barium carbonate. Ascertain quantity | Evaporate g a stric | Quantity of barium mation of hydro- of barium chlo- contents to dryness chlorid is a meas- chloric acid in rid. with R. and inciner- | ure of the hydro- gastric juice. ate. Extract bar- chloric acid. - ium chlorid formed with water. Skey's test. Cobalt. (a) Citric (or tartaric) || Dark-red color. Add , a, b in excess, I : 60,000. * acid. (3) Ammonia. and c. (c) Potass. ferricy- anid. Slater’s test. Strychnin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) | Maroon-red color. Add a and b. Potass. chlorate. Smith’s test. Biliary coloring- || Tincture of iodin. Green color. Add R. matter. Smith's test. Free acids. Fresh silver chlorid Ppt. of silver chlo- || Add R. dissolved in ammon- rid. 12. Smith’s test. Santonin. (a) Nitric acid. (b) Greenish-yellow. | Heat with a. With 5 turns deep- An alkali. red. Snelling's test. Emetin. (a) Hydrochloric acid. | Orange-red color, Drop a on 5; the n (b) Potass. chlorate. turning violet. drop on liquid. Sodium - chlorid Propeptone. (a), Acetic acid. (5) | Precipitate on | Acidulate urine with a, test. Concentrated so l. cooling of fil- add equal volume 6; sodium chlorid. trate. boil; filter quickly. Sodium-sulphate Albumin in urine. (a) Sat. sol, sodium sul-| White precipitate. Acidulate urine with Reliable, but not and acetic-acid phate. (b) A cetic 6, add equal part a, very delicate. test. acid. º and boil. Soldaini’s test. Glucose. Copper, carbonate 15 Reduction. gm., in water; add so l. potass. bicar- bonate 416 gm. ; add water up to 14oo. S on n en schein's | Alkaloids. (a) Ceroso-ceric oxid. Color-reactions. Dissolve alkaloid in test. (b) Sulphuric acid. b, and add trace a. Sonnenschein's | Alkaloids. Phospho-m oly b d ic | Yellowish precipi- test. acid. tate. S on ne n schein's | Blood. (a) Sol. sodium tung- || Red dish-green Extract stains with test. state, acidified with (fluorescence). distilled water, pre- acetic acid. (b) Am- cipitate with a add monia. ð. S on nenschein's | Proteids. Sat. Sol. sodium tung- || Precipitate. Add R. teSt. state, strongly acidi- fied with acetic or phosphoric acid. Sonstadt’s test. Calcium salts. Sodium tungstate. Precipitate. Add R. Source’s test. Uric acid. See Mag n i er de la Source's test. TESTS 1500 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Southey's test. Opium. Sulpho-molybdic acid. | Blue color. Add R. Spence and Esil- Free mineral acids. Dil. Sol. ferric chlorid. Yellow color of R. Add substance to R. man's test. is discharged. Spiegler's test, A. Albumin in urine. Mercuric chlorid 8, tart a ric acid 4 Sugar 20, distilled Water 200. White ring. Place R. in test-tube and overlay with urine acid u lated with acetic acid. Very delicate. Spiegler's test, B. Albumin in urine. Tartaric acid I, mer- curic chlorid 2, gly- cerin 20, water 50. White ring. Acidulate urine with acetic acid, filter if necessary and over- lay R. with it. Sprengel's test. Nitric acid. Sol. of carbolic acid I, sulphur ic acid 4, Water 2. Red d is h-brown color. Add R. to dry nitrate. Stadthagen's test. Uric acid. (a) Arsenious acid in alkaline sol. (b) Sol. copper sulphate. Red cuprous oxid or white copper urate. Warm substance with a , a tº Staedeler’s test. Purity of chloro- form. Bilirubin. Green color if de- composed. R. dissolves with a yellow color in pure chloroform. Stanford’s test. Iodin. (a) Carbon disulphid. (b) Nitro sulphuric acid (sulphuric acid saturated with gas- eous nitrous anhy- drid). Violet color. Add a and one drop b. Starch-test. Starch. See Iodºn-test. Steffanelli’s test. Alcohol in ether. Anilin-violet. R. insoluble in pure ether. Add R. Stein's test. Narcein. (a) Sol. zinc iodid and potass. iodid. (b) Aq. Sol. iodin. Blue color. Add a and one drop b. Stein's test. Nitric acid. (a) Litharge. (b) Filter- paper m o is ten ed with sol. ferrous sul- phate. Yellow to brown color. Heat salt with a ; ex- pose b to the gas evolved. Stevenin's test. Acidimetry, alka- limetry. Glycerin - extract of petals of violet or mallow flowers. Acids turn color red ; a l k a lies green. Stevenson's test. Smail quantities of hemoglobin in the urine, unac- (a) Tr. guaiaci. Ozonic ether. (b) Blue color of b. To a drop or two of urine add one drop a and a few drops by Modification of Mahomed's test. companied by agitate, then let à albumin. settle. Stolba’s test. Potassium salts. Sodium or ammonium | Crystalline pre- fluoborid. cipitate coloring flame green to violet. Storer’s test. Chromic acid. Ethereal Sol. hydrogen | Intensely blue | Add R. dioxid. color. Strassburg's test. Bile-acids. (a) Cane-sugar, sugar, (b) Sulphuric acid. Violet color. Dip , filter-paper into urine to which a has been added; dry and apply drop of 6. Strecker's test. Xanthin. (a) Nitric acid. (5) Sodium or potassium hydrate. Yellow residue, turning reddish- yellow on addi- tion of 5; red- dish-violet on sub s e que n t warming. Evaporate to dryness with a add b. Reaction not ob- tained with am- monia – distinc- tion from u ric acid. Streng's test. Sodium salts. Sol. uranium acetate. M in ute, yellow cryst als; ex- amine by polar- ized light under microscope. Add R. Strohl's test. Free mineral acids in vinegar. (a) Sol. ammonium oxalate. (b) Calcium chlorid. No P; in presence of mineral acid. Add a and b. TESTS 1501 TABLE OF TEST.S.—Continued. TESTS NAME, USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Struve's test. Hydrogen dioxid. (a) Alkaline sol. 11th- arge. (6) Dilute sol. lead subacetate. Blue color. Add a and b, and test with potass.-iodid ::::::::: *te and acetic acid. Stuart's test. Alcohol in essen- tial oils. (a) Compound tin c- ture of iodin. (b) Sol. potassium hy- drate. Formation of iodo- Oſſºl. Distil off the alcohol; add a and b. Stütz's test. Albumin in urine. See Füröringer's test. Sulphocyanid-test. Hydrocyanic acid | See Liebig’s test. in tissues. Sulzer's test. Alcohol in essen- | See Salzer's test. tial oils. Svanberg's test. Phosphoric acid. Sol. am monium || Yellow precipitate. Add R. in excess. molybdate. Syntonin-test. Syntonin. Any alkali. Precipitate. Neutralize the acid sol. with R. Tanret's test. Albumin in urine. | Mercuric chlorid 1.35: | White precipitate. Add R. to urine. If Very delicate. Mu- potass. iodid 3.32; glacial acetic acid 20 ; water to rooo. Fº occurs, oil to dissolve pep- tones, alkaloids, and urates, which R. also precipitates. cus in excess is precipitated and not dissolved by heat. Tass in a ri and Piazza's test. Nitric acid. (a) Potassium hydrate. Zinc dust. Formation of am- III OIII31. Add a and b. Tattersall's test. Cobalt. s. (a) Sol. potassium cy- | Blood-red color. Add a till ppt. is redis- anid. (b) Ammo- solved; then 5. nium sulphid. Tattersall's test. Codein. (a) Sulphuric acid, (b) Dark-blue. On | Dissolve in a, add 5, Sodium arseniate. I addition of water (c) Sodium hydrate. and excess c turns orange. Tattersall's test. Delphinin. (a) Malic acid. (6) Sul- Orange color, Rub with a, then with phuric acid. turning , p in k, a few drops b. then violet. Tattersall's test. Morphin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (6) | Dirty-violet, be - | Dissolve in a add 5. - Sodium arseniate. coming sea-green. Tattersall's test. Papaverin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (6) | Red to violet; Dissolve in a add 5. Sodium arseniate. black on addi- (c) Sodium hydrate. tion of water and excess c. Teichmann's test. Blood. (a) Glacial acetic acid. | Hemin-crystals. Dissolve blood in 2 to (b) Sodium chlorid. 3 c.c. water; add a, and o.or b. Spread on slide, let evapo- rate; examine under microscope. Teichmann - N eu- | Blood. See Teichmann’s test. mann's test. Terreill's test. Cellulose. (a) Potass, iodid, I per | Blue color. Dip into a, then into cent. Sol. Sul- 5, rinse in water. phuric acid. Tessier's test. Iodin in presence | T in cture of ferric | Blue color. Liberate by a d ding - of tannin. chlorid. R. ; test with starch- - paper. Thomas’ test. Strychnin in the Potassium hydrate After separation, ap- presence of mor- dissolves mor- ply customary tests. phin. h in : chloro- orm, strychnin. Thompson's test. Thein. Hypochlorous acid Blood-red residue. Pass R. through sol. (euchlorin). and evaporate. Thomson's test. Iodin. (a) Chlorin. (5) Starch- | Blue color. Pass a through solu- paste. tion ; test with b. Thormählen's test. | Melanin. (a) Sol, sodium nitro- || Deep-blue color. prussid. (6) Sol. potass. hydrate. (c) Acetic acid. Add 4, ð, c. TESTs 1502 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Cont??zzled. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Thresh's test. Alcohol. (a) Sat. Sol. potassium ||Yellow color. Add 2 a, 8 b, to 100 c.c. bichromate. (b) Dil. of liquid ; distil off sulphuric acid (I : 1). 20; add 3 c.; boil; let (c) Sol. sod. hydrate. cool. - Thresh’s test. Alkaloids. (a) Bismuth oxid 4.68, Reddish-brown | Mix a , and 5; add dissolved in 8o hy- precipitate. drop by drop to solu- drochloric acid , tion of alkaloid. water to 300. (6) Potass. iodid 20, in water 7oo. Thresh's test. Bismuth. (a) Hydrochloric acid. | Orange-red to yel- || Add a and b. I : IOO,000. (b) Potass, iodid. ' low color. Thudichum’s test. Kreatinin. Dilute sol. ferric chlor- | Dark-red color, Add substance to R. id. in creased by warming. $ Thymol-test. Glucose in urine. See Molisch's test. Tidy's test. Albumin. Equal volumes car- | White precipitate. Add R. I : I5,000. bolic acid and gla- cial acetic acid. (If drop mixes turbidly with water, add more acetic acid.) Tidy's test. Albumin. (a) Alcohol. (b) Car- | White precipitate. Add to urine 15 drops a, bolic acid. and then 15 drops b. Tiedemann and | Bile-pigments. See Gmelin-Heintz's Gmelin's test. “ test. Tilden’s test. Iodin. Potass. permanganate. Test as most con- venient. Ligerate by means of Tizzoni’s test. Iron in tissues. (a) 2 per cent. Sol. potass. ferrocyanid. (b) A per cent. sol. hydrochloric acid. Blue color. Treat section of tissue with a, then with 6. Tollen's test. Glucose. Hydrochloric acid. Lev u linic acid and formic acid. Heat liquid with R. Tommasi’s test. Carbolic acid. Hydrochloric acid 50, water 50, potass. chlorate o.2. Bluecolor. Dip pine-shaving into liquid, then into R.: then expose to sun's rays. Trapp's test. Veratrin. Hydrochloric acid. Dark-red to dark- | Heat with R. violet color. * , Traube's test. Hydrogen dioxid. | (a) Sulphuric acid and | Blue color. To 6 c.c. a add 2 zinc-iodid starch- paste. (6) 2 per cent. sol. copper sulphate. (c) }% per cent. Sol. ferrous sulphate. drops b, a little c. Mix with liquid. Treumann’s test. Theobromin. (a) Chlorin-water. (b) Ammonia. Purple color. Evaporate to dryness with a add 5. Trich 1 or a cetic- acid test. Albumin in urine. See Raabe's test, and under Urine, Tests for Serum-Albumin in. Trommer's test. Glucose in urine. (a) Sodium or potass. hydrate. (b) Io per cent. Sol. copper sul- phate. Orange-red pre- cipitate. Add to urine 94 a, and drop in b until it ce as e s to be dis- solved; boil. Delicacy o.or per cent. , Salicylic acid, chloral, uric acid, give similar reaction. Mix a, b, and sub- Stance. Tro m ms d or ff’s test. Nitrous acid. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) Pot a ss i u m - iodid Blue color. starch-paste. Trotarelli's test. Ptomains. (a) Sol. sodium nitro- || Color-reactions. Add a and then b to prussia. (b) Palla- the sulphate of the dium nitrate. ptomain. Trous sea u and | Bile-pigment. See Maréchal's test. Dumontpallier's test. Bile-acids. (a) or per cent. Sol. Red, then violet To I c.c. of sol. of sub- V on Udránsky's test. furfurol. , (b). Con- cent. Sulphuric acid. color. stance add 1 drop a, and underlay with I c.c. b, cool. TESTS 1503 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Cozzzzzzzzèa. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. V on Udránsky's Carbohydrates. See Molisch's tests for glucose. test. V on Udránsky's Tyrosin. (a) o.5 per cent. Sol. Pink color. To I c.c. sol. of sub- test. furfurol. (b) Concent. stance add I drop a, sulphuric acid. and underlay with 1 c.c. 6. Von Udránsky and Urea. (a) Benzoyl-ch 1 or id. Benzoyl-urea. To concent. sol. of sub- Baumann's test. (b) Sodium hydrate. . stance add a and ex- cess of 5. Uffelmann's test. Free hydrochloric Extract of bilberries Color ch a ng es | Dip filter-paper, satur- acid in gastric juice. in amylic alcohol. from grayish- blue to rose-tint. ated with R. and dried, into gastric juice. Uffelmann's test. Hydrochloric and actic acids 111 gastric juice. Sol. ferric chlorid 3 drops, concent. Sol. carbol. acid 3 drops, Water 20 C.C. Sol. of hydrochlor- ic acid decolor- izes or produces steel-gray color; l actic-acid sol. a yellow color. Add liquid to R. o.o5 per cent. lactic acid. R. must be fresh. Uffelmann's test. Nitric acid. (a) Diphenylamin. (6) Sulphuric acid. Blue color. To a add 1.5 c.c. 6, stir; then add 3 or 4 drops of the liquid. Ultzmann's test. Bile-pigments in urine. (a) Sol. potass. hy- drate (1 to 3). , (b) Hydrochloric acid. Emerald-green color. To Io c.c. urine add 3 or 4 c.c. a, and then excess of 6. Urate-test. Urates in urine. Are dissolved on heating. Urea-test. Urea. See Nitric-acid test. Urobilin-test. Urobilin in urine. (a) Ammonia. (5) ſo | Filtrate green by | Alkalinize urine with per cent. Sol. zinc chlorid. reflected, rose- red by trans- mitted light. a, add 8-10 drops b; filter rapidly. Valser's test. Alkaloids. Mercuric io did and | Precipitate. - potassium iodid. Van Deen’s test. Blood in urine, etc. (a) Tr. guaiaci. (8) Blue color. To urine add 2 c.c. a, Del i cate; other Ozonized (old) tur- pentine (French best). and 2 c.c. b, shake. substances re- spond : , p us, urine Containin potass. iodid, an saliva. Van der Velden's test. Free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. See Maly's test. Vaugh an and | Tyrotoxicon. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) || Yellow to orange- || Place on porcelain sur- || Is only to be re- Novy's test. Carbolic acid. red color. face 2 or à drops each garded as a pre- of a and b, add a liminary test; the few drops of aqueous physiologic test sol. of ethereal res- should always be idue of substance. made. Vidan's test. Sugar. Equal volume sesame- || Pink color. Heat R, to boiling; add oil and hydrochloric liquid. acid. Violette’s test. Glucose. Similar to Fehling’s test. Vitali’s test. Alkaloids. (a) Fuming nitric acid. Color-reactions. Evaporate to dryness (b) Alcoholic sol. po- with a add I drop 6. tass. hydrate. Vitali’s test. Alkaloids. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) | Color-reactions in Potass. chlorate. (c) | presence of c. An alkaline sulphid. Vitali’s test. Atropin. (a) Fuming nitric acid. | Violet color, turn- | Evaporate with a | Delicacy o.ooooot (b) Alcoholic sol. po- ing red. gram. taSS. hydrate. yhen cold add I drop Vitali’s test. Biliary coloring- matter. (a) Sol. quinin bisul- hate. (b) Ammonia. £; Sulphuric acid. É. Sugar. (e) Alco- Ol. Violet color. Add a, neutralize with b; add c, crystal of d, and e. and sol. potassium hydrate. por into R. TESTS 1504 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.–Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Vitali’s test. Chloroform. (a) Hydrogen sulphid. Intense-blue color. | Pass current of a (b) Piece copper wire. through liquid, then through glass tube; ignite; hold b in flame. Vitali’s test. Chloroform. (a) Hydrogen sulphid. | Red color. Pass current of a - (b) Solution potass. through liquid, then hydrate and thymol. into 5. Vitali’s test. Fusel-oil. Sulphuric acid. *| Red, ch a ng in g | Pour liquid on top of finally to green. R.; stir gently. Vitali’s test. Morphin. (a) Sulphuric acid. (b) | Flesh color, violet, Dissolve in a add 2 Sol. sodium sulphid. dark-green. drops 6, heat cau- tiously. Vitali's test. Thymol. Mixture of chloroform i Red color. Distil off, passing va- Vogel’s test. Carbon disulphid. (a) Alcohol. Sol. fºg. hydrate. ) Sol. copper sulphate. Lemon-yellow pre- cipitate. Add a, then b. Vogel's test. Ferric salts. Sol. salicylic acid. Violet color. Add R. Vogel's test. Glucose. Litmus-solution. Decolorization. Bº gth a few drops O Vogel's test. Nitric acid in pot- | (a) Gold-leaf. (b) Hy- || Red dish -violet To 15 c.c. water add a able water. drochloric acid. (c) color. little a and 6, boil; Stannous chlorid. filter; add c. Vogel's test. Quinin. (a) Chlorin-water. (b) Pink to deep-red Mix with a, and add 6. Powdered potass. color. ferrocyanid. Vogel's test. Free sulphuric | Potassium chlorate. Evolution of chlor- Add R. acid in vinegar. in. Vogel's test. Tannin. (a) Chlorin-water. (b) | Blood-red color. Add a and b. Ammonia. Vohl's test. Sulphur. Mix water I with gly- Black color. Heat R. with the sub- cerin 2; saturate with slaked lime and fresh lead hy- drate; decant. Stan Ce. Vortmann's test, Hydrocyanic acid. (a) Sol. potass. nitrite. º Sol. ferric chlorid. c) Dil. su 1 p h u ric acid. (d) Ammonia. (e) Ammon. Sulphid. Bluish - green to violet-red color. Add a few drops a ; 2–4 drops b, c until color light-yellow ; heat to †† al- low to cool ; a d d; filter; to filtrate add 62. De Vrij's test. Alkaloids. Pºphomolybdic | Precipitates. 3.CICl. Vulpius’ test. Sulphonal. Potass. cyanid. Repulsive odor of Heat substance with mercaptan. R. Wagner's test. Eosin. Collodium. Color discharged by R. Warren's test. Glucose. Similar to Trommer's test, q.v. Wartha's test. Anthrachinon. (a) Sol. potass., hy- || Green , to bluish- | Heat with a and b. drate. (b) Alcohol. purple color. Water-test. Water. See Wigrosin-test. Watson's test. Gallic acid. (a) A m monia. . (6) Hydrochloric acid. Red color. Dissolve in water; add a and b. Watson's test. Pyrogallic acid. Ammonia. Lem on-yellow color. Dissolve in water; add R. Watson's test. Tannin. (a) A m monia. (b) Nitric acid. Purple color. Dissolve in water; add a and 5. Weber’s test. Indican in urine. (a) Hydrochloric acid. (5) Ether. Blue foam : red color of the ether. Heat 30 c.c. of urine to boiling with 30 c.c. a; let cool; shake with 6. nitro p russid. (6) Dil. sodium hydrate. (c) Acetic acid. red color; if c is added greenish, then blue color. then drop by drop & —gives r u b y - red color. Add c and War II A. TESTS. 1505 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Cometimezzed. NAME. USE. REAGENTS. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKS. Weidel's test. Xanthin. (a) Freshly prepared Pink, or purplish- Warm substance with t chlorin-water. (b) red color. a and trace b as long Nitric acid. (c) Am- - as gas is evolved; monia-vapor. then evaporate to dryness and bring in contact with c. Weidel’s test. Xanthin bodies. (a) Chlorin-water. (b) | Dark - p in k, or Dissolve in the warm | Reaction obtained Ammonia. (c) Potass.| purple; violet in a , evaporate on with x anth in , or sodium hydrate. on final addition water-bath ; treat he ter oxanthin, of c. under bell-jar with b. paraxanthin, and carnin. Wellcome's test. Morphin. Chlorinated lime. Red color. Add R. Weltzien's test. Hydrogen dioxid. | Mixture of sol. of fer- Blue color. Add R. ric chlorid and po- tass. ferricyanid. Wenzell's test. Strychnin. Sol. potass. perman- ; Color-reaction. Delicacy I: 900,000. ganate I in sulphuric acid 2000. ' Weppen's test. Morphin. (a) Sugar. , (b) Sul- || Red color. Add a, b, c. phuric acid. (c) Bromin. Weppen's test. Veratrin. (a) Sugar... (6) Sul- || Light-yellow to Add a and 5. phuric acid. ark-green and dark-blue color. Werber’s test. Nitroglycerin. (a) Ether or chloroform. Purple to dark- || Extract with a, add *~, (b) Anilin. (c) Sul- green color. two drops b, evapo- phuric acid. rate; add c. Weyl's test. Kreatinin. (a) Dil. Sol. sodium | Transient r u by- Add a few drops a, Very delicate;.o287 per cent. pure, .066 in urine. wey!'s test A. Nitric acid in U11'1116. (a) Hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. (5) Potass. hydrate. (c) Meta-phenyldiamin. Yellow color. Distil 200 c.c. urine with A-4 vol. a, re- ceiving distillate in b, add c to distillate. Weyl's test B. Nitric acid in U11ſ 1116. (a) Hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. (6) Potass. hydrate. (c) Aq., sol; pyrogallic acid with a little sul- phuric acid. Yellowish-brown COIOT. See Weyl's test A. Weyl's test C. Nitric acid in U11'111C. (a) Hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. (b) Potass. hydrate. (c) Sol. sulphanilic acid. (d) Naphthylamin Red color. Distil as in Weyl's test A ; treat distill- ate with dilute sul- phuric acid ; add at Once c, in 8–Io min- (6) Starch-paste. hydrochlorate. utes d. Wiesner's test. Cellulose. - (a) 5% per cent. Sol, Red or violet color. Moisten with a add 5. ph 1 or oglu cin, (b) Hydrochloric acid. Winckler’s test. Alkaloids. Sol. mercuric, chlorid | White precipitate. Add R. in excess of potass. iodid. Winckler's test. Iodin. (a) Sodium nitrite. Blue color. Mix with a and b. Winckler’s test, Water in alcohol. Cobalt chlorid. Blue color turns red. Add R. Wittstein’s test. Foreign starch in chocolate. Iodin. - Blue color. Boil; filter; test filtrate with R. Natural starch does not pass through filter. witz's test. Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Aqueous sol. methyl- violet, strength o.o.25 per cent. Violet color chang- e d to lu e : hydrochloric acid in strong sol. gives green- ish tint. Add liquid to R. L actic acid in strong sol. gives similar but less distinct reaction. 95 TESTS 1506 TESTS TABLE OF TEST.S.—Continued. NAME. USE. REAGENTs. REACTION. APPLICATION. REMARKs. Witz's test. Mineral acids in Methyl-violet. Violet color turned Add 2 drops R. to 25 | Delicacy 1 : 10,000 vinegar. blue or green. c.c. vinegar. Woehler’s test. Phosphorus. Green color of flame. Place liquid in Marsh's apparatus, ignite the hydrogen phosphid, and let flame strike against a porcelain plate. woodbury's teSt. Alcohol in urine. (a) Sulphuric acid. (6) Potass. bichrom- ate. Green color. To I gm. a add 2 gm. urine; drop in crys- tal of 5; mix. Delicacy 2 to 3 in IOOO. Worm - M. ii.11 er’s test. Glucose in urine. (a) 2.5 per cent. Sol. copper sulphate. (5) Sodic potassium tar- trate Io, 4 per cent. sol. sodium hydrate IOO. Yellowish - red or red precipitate. Boil in one test-tube 5 c.c. urine, in another I-3 c.c. a and 2.5 c.c. 5, discontinue boil- ing of both at same moment; wait 20–25 Sec., then mix. Wormley's test. Alkaloids. Alcohol. Sol. p i cric | Yellow, amorphous acid. or crystalline ppt. Wormley’s test. Alkaloids. Sol. iodin I, potass. Colored precipi- iodid 2, water 6o. tate. Add R., and evaporate Wormley’s test. Free sulphuric | Veratrin. Crimson color. acid. to dryness on water- bath. Wurster's test. Tyrosin (pure). Chinon. Ruby-red color, Dissolve crystals in ch a nging to brown after 24 hours. boiling water and add a little R. Xanthoproteic test. Proteids. (a) Strong nitric acid. | Yellow color with | Heat substance with b) An alk a line a, turn in g to a ; add b. hydrate. deep- or a n ge with 5. Xylidin-test. Carbohydrates. See Schiff’s test. Young's test. Gallic acid. Sol. potass. cyanid. Red color which soon disappears; on shaking reap- pears. Add R. Yvon's test. Acetanilid (anti- febrin) in urine. (a) Chloroform. (5) Mercurous nitrate. Green color. Extract urine with a . heat residue of ex- tract with 5. Yvon's test. Alkaloids. Bismuth subnitrate 3 §' Water 40 gm., oil; add pot as s. iodid 14 gm., hydro- chloric acid 4o drops. Red color. Add R. Yvon's test. Purity of chloro- form. Sol. potass. perman- #. I, potass. hy- rate Io, water 250. Green color indi- cates impurity. Add R. Zeise's test. Carbon disulphid. See Vogel's test. Zeisel's test. Colchicin. (a) Hydrochloric acid. % Ferric chlorid. (c) Chloroform. Bo il e d with 6, green color; c extract, brown- ish, granite-red, or dark. Boil sol. in a with 5, agitate with c. Zeller's test. Melanin in urine. Bromin-water. Yellow ppt. gradu- || Add R. ally blackening. Zouchlos' test A. Albumin in urine. Acetic acid I, mercuric | Precipitate. Add R. o.OI4 per cent. chlorid, I per cent. sol., 6 Zouchlos' test B. Albumin in urine. Potass. sulphocyanid, Precipitate. Add R. Delicacy o,007 %. Io per cent. Sol., Ioo, Precipitates also acetic acid 20. propeptone. 1ſouchlos' test C. Albumin in urine. Potass, sulphocyanid, Precipitate. Add R. Not as delicate as succinic acid equal parts, in solid form. Zouchlos' test B. TESTIS Testis (tes/-tis) [L]. I. See Testes. 2. Any organ fancied to have the shape of a testicle. T., Caput, the epididymis. T. cerebri, testis of the brain, the postgeminum ; either of the posterior pair of the corpora quadrigemina. Testitis (tes-fi/-tis). See Orchitis. Testudo (tes-ſu/-do) [L., a tortoise-shell]. A figure-of. eight bandage about an articulation, the turns crossing on the flexor surface and the spirals overlapping, so as to cover the extensor surface of the joint. Testule (test/-äl) [festa, a shell]. In biology, the frus- tule, or silicious skeleton, of a diatom. Tetanic (tet-an/-ik) [réravog, tetanus]. Pertaining to tetanus. º º Tetaniform (tet/-an-if-orm) [téravog, tetanus; forma, form]. Resembling tetanus. Tetanigenous (tet - an - j'- en - us) [téravog, tetanus; yevvāv, to produce]. Productive of tetanus. . Tetanilla (tet-an-i/-ah) [Téravog, tetanus]. A form o tetanic spasm affecting the fingers and toes. It is observed mainly among children, and is a concomitant of rachitis. Tetanin (tet/-an-in) [téravog, tetanus], CuFIao N.O.. A toxin present in the blood in tetanus; a ptomain ob- tained by cultivating tetanus-microbes in beef-broth. It has been obtained from the amputated arm of a tetanus-patient by Brieger, who thus demonstrated the presence of tetanin in tetanus-patients during life. Nevertheless, it has not been found in the brain and nerve-tissue of persons dead from tetanus. The base produces the characteristic symptoms of tetanus, though probably not all, as three other toxins, in- cluding spasmotoxin, occur with tetanin in cultures of the tetanus-microbe. See Pºomains, Table of Tetanium (ſet-an/-e-um). Synonym of Strychnin. . Tetanization (ſet- an - iz -a/-shun) [rétavoc, tetanus]. The production of tetanus, or of tetanic spasms. The induction of a protracted contraction in a nerve by an electric current. Tetano-cannabin (tet/-an-o-kan/-ab-in) [Téravog, tet- anus; cannabis]. A basic substance found in some samples of cannabis, or hemp. Its action on the system resembles that of strychnin. Unof. Tetanoid (tet/- an - oid) [Tétavog, tetanus; eiðog, resem- blance]. Resembling tetanus. Tetanomotor (ſet-an-o-mo'-tor) [téravog, tetanus; motor, a mover]. An instrument (usually a rapidly vibrating hammer) for stimulating a nerve mechanically. Tetanotoxin (tet-an-o-toks/-īn) [réravog, tetanus; Tošik- ov, poison], C5H11N. A poisonous ptomain obtained by Brieger as one of the products of the culture of the tetanus-microbe. It is tetanizing in its action, producing first tremor, then paralysis and violent con- vulsions. See Pºomains, Zable of Tetanus (te/-an-us) [rétavoc, retvetv, to stretch]. A Spasmodic and continuous contraction of muscles, causing rigidity of the parts to which they are attached. See Trismus, Opisthotonos, Emprosthotonos, Pleuros- thotonos. Brieger has isolated four toxic ptomain-sub- stances from cultivations of so-called tetanus-bacilli: Zetamin, which produced symptoms of tetanus (in mice); Zetatoxin, which caused tremor, paralysis, and convulsions; Muriate of Toxin, which produced tetanus and salivation; Spasmotoxin, which prostrated quickly, with clonic and tonic spasms. T., Acoustic. See Acoustic. T., Cephalic, T., Cerebral, T., Hydro- phobic, T., Kopf-, a special form of tetanus that has sometimes been observed to follow injuries of the head, especially those in the neighborhood of the eyebrow, Trismus and facial paralysis occur upon the side of the injury. There is dysphagia, and death frequently results. T. dolorificus. Synonym of 1507 TETRADYNAMOUS Cramp. T., Extensor, a form of tetanus in which the extensors act more powerfully than the flexors. T., Hydrophobic. See Z., Cerebral. T., Imita- tive, hysteria which simulates tetanus. T. infantum. See Z. neonatorum. T., Localized, tetanic spasm of a part. T., Post-operative, that following opera- tion. Chwoszek's Sign, a diagnostic and pathognomonic sign of post-operative tetany. A slight tap upon the side of the face, over the point where the facial nerve emerges from the parotid, suffices to call forth a sud- den spasm of that side of the face. T., Ritter's, the series of contractions, or apparent tetanus, observed on the opening or interrupting of an electric current which has been passing through the nerve for some time. Opening tetanus. T., Toxic, tetanus pro- duced by an overdose of nux vomica or its alkaloids. T., Traumatic, tetanus following an injury. Tetany (tet/-an-e) [Tétávoc, tetanus]. A tonic spasm of the extremities occurring chiefly in rickety infants and lasting a variable time. The fingers, hands, and wrists are the portions mainly affected. It occasionally occurs in nursing women also. See Tetanilla. T., Epidemic, T., A'heumatic; a form occurring over large portions of Europe, especially in the winter season. It is acute, lasting only two or three weeks, and rarely proving fatal. T., Gutturo-, a stammering due to tetanoid spasm of the laryngeal muscles. T., Rheumatic. See 7., Epidemic. Tetartophya, Tetartophyia (tet-ar-toff’-e-ah, ſet-ar- to-fi/-e-ah) [Téraproc, fourth; pietv, to increase]. A quartan remittent malarial fever. Tetatoxin (tet-at-oks/-īn). See Zetanus. Tetra- (tet/-rah-) [Térpa, four]. A Greek numeral used as a prefix and denoting four. Tetrabasic (tet/-rab-a/-zić) [TéTpa, four; 3&otº, base]. Having a basicity of four; having four atoms of re- placeable hydrogen. Tetrablastic (tet-rab-las/-tić) [réſpa, four; 8%agróg, a germ]. In biology, applied to an embryo having four germ-layers, i. e., an ectoderm, entoderm, somato- pleure, and a splanchnopleure. Tetrabrachius (tet-rab-ra/-ke-us) [Térpa, four; 300 vior, arm]. A monstrosity having four arms. Tetracamarous (tet - rak - am/- ar- us) [T&Tpa, four; Kauápa, a vault]. In biology, having four chambers, as a fruit of four carpels. Tetracarpellary (tet - rak - ar/-pe/-ar-e) [TéTpa, four; Kaptóg, fruit]. In biology, having four carpels. Tetracheirus (ſet-raž-i/-rus) [TéToa, four; relp, hand]. A monster with four hands. Tetracoccus (tet - rać - ok/- us) [Tétpa, four; Kokkoç, * berry]. I. A micrococcus occurring in clusters and forming groups of four. 2. In biology, a fruit of four carpels. Tetract (ſet/-rakt) [Térpa, four; ákſic, ray, a beam]. In biology, having four rays. Tetractinal (tet-raž/-tin-a/) [TÉrpa, four; irrig, ray], Having four rays. Tetracyclic (tet-ras-i/-Alik) [Térpa, four; KíkAog, ring]. In biology, applied to a flower possessing four whorls of floral organs. Tetrad (tet/-rad) [réſpa, four]. atomicity of four. Tetradactyl, Tetradactyle (ſet - rad- ak/- fi/) [Térpa, four; dākrvāog, a finger, toe]. In biology, an animal having four digits on each limb. Tetradymous (tet-rad's im - us) [reſpáðvuoc, fourfold]. In biology, in sets of four each. Tetradynamous (tet - rad-in/- am - us) [Térpa, four; dívauç, power]. In biology, applied to stamens when there are six in the flower, four of them longer than the other two. An element having an TETRA-ETHYL-AMMONIUM Tetra-ethyl-ammonium (tet-rah-et/-il-am-o'-ne-um). A proposed solvent for uric acid and urea. It is best used in a IO per cent. Solution, the dose being IO to 2O mimimus. It is obtained by decomposing its iodid by moist AgNO3 or its sulphate by baryta. It occurs in deliquescent, hair-like needles, as bitter as quinin. It is strongly alkaline and caustic. Tetragenous (ted- raj'- en - us) [Tétpa, four; ytyveoffat, to be born J. In biology, applied to bacteria and other organisms which produce square groups of four as the result of fission. Tetragonal (ted-rag/-o-mal) [TéTpa, four, yovía, angle, corner]. Four-angled. Tetragynous (tet - ra/- in - us) [Térpa, four; yová, a female]. Having a gynecium of four carpels. *. Tetrahydrobetanaphthylamin (tet-rah-ſhi-dro-be-tan- aff-thil/-am-in). See Hydronaphthylamin. Tetramasthous (tet-ram-asſ-thus) [TéTpa, four; placô6ç, breast]. Having four breasts. Tetramastigate (tet - ram - asſ-tig -āt) [téſpa, four; plóottº, a whip]. In biology, applied to micro- organisms having four flagella. Tetramazia (tet - ram - aſ-ze-ah) [Tétpa, four; plač6ç, breast]. The presence, normal or abnormal, of four teats or mammary glands. Tetramerism (tet - ram/-er-izm) [Térpa, four; uépoc, part]. In biology, division into four parts. Tetramerous (tet-ram/-er-us) [Tétpa, four; uépog, part]. In biology, having the parts or organs arranged in fours or multiples 6f four. Tetramethylalloxantin (tet-ram-eth-i/-a/-oks-an/-fin). See Acid, Amalic. Tetramethylenediamin (tet-ram-eth/-il-en-di/-am-in), C, Hs(NH,). A substance identical with putrescin, which has been isolated from decaying animal matter. It is a liquid with a peculiar odor. It fumes in the air and boils at from 156° to 160° C. On cooling, it solidifies to a crystalline mass. Tetrandrous (tet-ran/-drus) [térpa, four; avhp, male]. Having four stamens. Tetranerythrin (tef-ram-er/-ith-rin) [Térpa, four; Épv6- poc, red]. See 7etronerythrin. Tetranopsia (tet - ran - op/- se - ah) [térpa, four; &lpig, vision]. A contraction of the field of vision limited to one quadrant. Tetra-ophthalmus (tet-rah-off-tha/-mus) [Tétpa, four; ôpffażluog, eye). A form of monster having four eyes. Tetrapous ('ez'-rap-us) [Tétpa, four; Toig, foot]. Hav- ing four feet. Tetrapterous (tet - rap/-fer- us) [Tétpa, four; Trepév, wing]. In biology, having four wings; said of a fruit or stem. Tetrapyrenous (ſet-rap-à-re/-nus) [Tétpa, four; Tvphy, the stone of a fruit]. In biology, characterized by four stones, or pyrenes. Tetrarch (tet/-rar/.) [Tétpa, four ; pretv, to rule]. A term descriptive of radial fibro-vascular bundles hav- ing four rays. Tetrascelus (zef-ras/-el-us) [Tétpa, four; akéWoç, leg). A monster with four legs. Tetraschistic (tet-ras-kis/-tić) [Tétpa, four; oxioua, a cleft, division]. In biology, dividing into four similar parts. . Tetraselenodont (ſet-ras-e-leſ-no-dont) [Tétpa, four; oe?ffum, moon; bºðvç, tooth]. In biology, applied to an animal with molar teeth exhibiting four crescentic ridges. Tetrasepalous (tet ras-ep/-al-us) [térpa, four; sepalum, sepal]. In biology, having four sepals. Tetraspermous (ſet-ras-per/-mus) [rétpa, four; otépua, seed]. In biology, having four seeds. Tetrasporangium (tet-ras-po-ran/-je-um) [Térpa, four; 1508 TEXAS FEVER gTopá, a spore; ayyátov, vessel ; pl., Tetrasporangia]. In biology, a cell in which tetraspores are produced. Tetraspore (tet/-ras-pâr) [térpa, four; atopá, a spore]. In biology, one of four spores produced in a single mother-cell or sporangium, as in the A’ed Marine Aſgae (Florideae). Tetrasporic (tet-ras-por’-i})[Tétpa, four; otopá, spore]. Composed of tetraspores. Tetrasporous (tet - ras-po’- rus) [térpa, four; otropá, spore]. Of the nature of tetraspores. Tetraster (tet-ras'-ter) [Tétpa, four; agráp, star]. The karyokinetic figure when there is a fourfold division of the nucleus and four centers of radiation. Tetrastichiasis (tet-ras-tić-i/-as-is)[Térpa, four; orizoc, row]. Anomalous arrangement of the eyelashes in four rows. Tetrastichous (tet - ras/-tić - us) [Tétpa, four; otixog, row, line]. In biology, in four perpendicular rows. Applied to phyllotaxy. Tetrastoma (tet - rasſ-to-mah) [rërpa, four; oróga, a mouth]. A genus of entozoa. See Z. renalis, under Parasites (Animal), Table of. - Tetrathecal (tet-rath-e'-kal) [Tétpa, four; 6%icm, case]. In biology, applied to a four-chambered ovary. Tetratomic (tet-rat-om/-īk) [Tétpa, four; &Touoc, atom]. Containing four atoms; having four atoms of replace- able hydrogen. Tetravalent (ſet-rav/-a/-ent). Mezzt. Tetraxial (tet-ražs/- e - al.) [Térpa, four ; axii, axis]. Having four axes. Tetrazone (tet/- raz - 3m) [ taster, foul; 6&m, smell], (C.H.),N.N.: N. N(C.H.). A basic liquid of allia- ceous odor. Tetrol (tet/-rol). See Furan. Tetronal (tet/-ro-mal) [TÉrpa, four]. Diethylsulphon- diethylmethane. A disulphone of the ethyl and methyl groups, harmless in ordinary doses, and having marked hypnotic properties. Dose gr. x-xx, as with sulphonal. Unof. Tetronerythrin (tet-ron-er/-ith - rin) [térpa, four; £pv60óg, red]. In biology, the name applied by Merejkowsky to a group of lipochrome pigments found in animals, and formerly supposed to have a respiratory function. See Pigments, Conspec/us of. Tetrophthalmus (tet-roff-tha/- mus). See Diproso- 2/S. Tetrose (tet/-rog). See Frythrose. Tetrotus (ſet-ro/-tus). See Diprosopus. Tetter (tet/-er) [ME., feter, tetter]. A common name for various skin-eruptions, particularly herpes and eczema. See Herpes. T., Brawny, seborrhoea capitis. T., Dry, dry or squamous eczema. T., Humid. See Eczema. T., Milky. See Crusta lactea. T., Moist. See Aczema. T., Running, includes various forms of eczema. T., Scaly, psoriasis and squamous €CZerº12. Tety (tet/-e) [Madagascar]. A skin-disease peculiar to Madagascar, and characterized by a pustular or squam- ous eruption in the neighborhood of the mouth and nostrils. º Teucrium (tw/-Åre-um) [Teókptov]. Germander, a genus of the Ajugea. T. maritimum, cat-thyme, has errhine and antispasmodic properties, and was formerly used in coughs and nervous affections. T. scordium, water-germander, or garlic-germander, formerly used as a tonic, diaphoretic and anthelmintic. Texan Fever. See Zexas Fever. Texas Fever. A specific fever communicated by ap- parently healthy cattle living within a certain perma- nently infected area in the Southern United States to cattle north of this area, when the former are taken north Synonym of Quadriva- TEXTURAL during the warm season of the year. The period of incubation varies from ten to fifty days or more. There is high fever, hemoglobinuria, and occasionally jaun- dice. The infected cattle frequently die within a week. See Bacil/us of Southern Cattle-plague, under Aacteria, Synonymatic Table of T. Mange. Same as Army ſtch. . º Textural (teks/-tu-ral) [textura, texture]. to any tissue. Texture (tehs/-tär) [textura ; textere, to weave]. In physiology, any organized substance or tissue of which the body is composed. Also, and more correctly, the arrangement of the elementary parts of tissue. Thalamencephal (thal-am-en/-seſ-a!). See Thalamen- cephalon. Thalamencephalic (thal-am-en-sef-a/-ä) [64%aplog, chamber; kepaññ, head]. Pertaining to the thalam- encephalon. Thalamencephalon (thal-am-en-sef’-a/-on) [64%aplog, thalamus ; evkepazov, the brain]. In embryology, the posterior portion of the anterior brain-vesicle; in anatomy, that part of the brain that is derived from this portion of the anterior vesicle; the diencephalon or interbrain. Thalamic (thal/-am-ić) [66%apoc, thalamus]. ing to a thalamus. Thalamifloral (thal-am-£l0/-ral) [66%auoc, chamber; ſlos, flower]. In biology, having the petals and sta- mens arising immediately from the thalamus. Thalamiflorous (thal-am-if-loſ-rus). Same as Thalami- floral. Thalamium (thal-a/-me-um) [64%aplog, an inner cham- ber, a bedroom ; pl. , 7%alazzia]. In biology, applied to various fruit-bearing organs in cryptogams. Thalamocele, Thalamocelia (thal-am-o-sel, thal-am- o-se/-le-ah) [66%aplog, thalamus; kothia, hollow]. The third ventricle, so called, as the cavity of the diacele or thalamencephalon. Thalamocrural (thal-am-o-Åru/- ral) [66%aplog, cham- ber; crus, leg). Pertaining to the thalamus and the crus cerebri. Thalamophorous (thal-am-off’-or-us). See Polythala- 7/226". Thalamus (thal/-am-us) [66%apoc, bed; pl. , Thalam: J. 7%alamus opticus. Either one (right or left) of two masses at the base of the brain, the origin, in part, of the optic nerves; they are the developed sides of the third ventricle. In biology, the receptacle, or torus. T. corporum cavernosorum. See Crus penis. T. regalis. See Pericardium. Thalassotherapy (thal-as-o-ther’-ap-e) [66%agoa, sea; 6epaireia, treatment]. Treatment of disease by sea- voyages, sea-bathing, etc. - Thallic (tha/-ić) [6a7%óg, a green shoot]. Pertaining to the metal, thallium. Thallin (tha/-än) [9a2%óc, a green shoot], CioPIs ON. A synthetic chemic product and a derivative of coal- tar. It is a powerful antipyretic, but its effects are not so lasting as those of antipyrin. It is likely to produce collapse. Dose gr. iv. Unof. Thallina (thal-i/-nah) [6a7%óç, a green shoot: gen., Thallinae]. The pharmaceutic name of thallin. Thallium (tha/-e-um) [6a7%óc, green shoot]. A rare metallic element, having some features in common with lead, discovered by Crookes, in England, and one year later by Lamy, in France. Symbol T1 ; at. Pertaining Pertain- wt., 204.2. Glass containing it is singularly brilliant and refractive. Its salts are active poisons. See Ele- ments, Table of Thallome (thal/-ām) [0a2%óc, a young shoot]. A thal- lus. Thallophyta (thal-off’-it-ah) [6a7%óg, a green shoot; 1509 THEA pvróv, a plant]. Plural of Thallophytum. A compre- Hensive term for the lower cryptogams, in which there is no well-defined differentiation of root, stem, or leaf. Thallophyte (tha/-o-fit) [Bażóg, a green shoot; putów, a plant]. One of the lower cryptogams. Thallus hº -us) [6a7%óg, a young shoot]. In biology, applied to a plant-body in which there is no differenti- ation into root, stem, and leaves. Thamnium (tham/-me-um) [6aplvíov, dim. of 66plvoc, a bush]. In biology, a bushy thallus. - Thanato-biologic (than-at-o-bi-o-lo/-i}) [64vatoc, death; 8toc, life]. Pertaining to life and death. Thanatodes (than - at -o/-dez) [flávaroc, death; eiðoç, like]. Mortal. Lethal. Thanatognomonic (thazz-at- og-no-mon/- 74) [6&vatog, death ; Yvágov, sign]. Indicative of death. Thanatoid (than/-at-oid) [6évaroc, death; eiðoc, resem- blance]. Resembling or having the appearance of death. - Thanatology (than-at-o!’-o-je) [6&vatoc, death; Wöyoç, science]. The sum of scientific knowledge regarding death. Thanatomania (than-at-o-ma/-ne-ah) [6avaroc, death; plavia, mania]. Suicidal mania. Thanatometer (than - at - om/-et-er) [6&varoc, death; plérpov, measure]. A thermometer introduced into the stomach or rectum to determine if the depression of temperature is so great as to be a sign of death. Thanatophidia (than-at-o-ſid’-e-ah) [66vatoc, death ; ôpig, a serpent]. Those serpents whose bite produces toxic symptoms or death. Thanatophobia (than-at-o-fo/-be-ah) [66varog, death; $630g, dread]. A morbid fear of death. Thanatosis (than-at-o/-sis). See Mortification. Thane’s Method. A method of finding the fissure of Rolando. The upper end of the fissure is half an inch behind the mid-point of a line drawn from the glabella to the inion. Its lower end is close to the posterior limb, and about an inch behind the bifurca- tion of the fissure of Sylvius. The bifurcation of the latter corresponds to a point one-and-a-quarter inches behind and one-quarter inch above the level of the external angular process of the frontal bone. Thapsia (thap/-se-ah) [6alpía). A genus of old-world umbelliferous plants. Thapsia resin (resina thapsiae) is the product of T. garganica, T. silphium, and 7. willosa. The resin is strongly counter-irritant. The root of T. garganica is used by the natives of N. Africa as a counter-irritant. Internally a tonic. Dose of the flá, ext, mix–xxx. Unof. The root of 7. villosa (deadly carrot) is purgative. Unof. Tharandt Normal Culture-solution. A solution em- ployed at the Foret Academie Experiment Station of Tharandt, Saxony, for the study of the life-history of plants by “water-culture.” The formula given by Knop is: Calcic nitrate 4 parts by weight, potassic nitrate I part by weight, magnesic sulphate (crystal- lized) I part by weight, potassic phosphate I part by weight. These salts are to be thoroughly mixed and the mixture used in the proportion of I : 2000, I : IOoo, I : 500 parts of water. To the solutions when ready for use a drop or two of a solution of some iron-salt, or a decigram of ferric phosphate, must be added. Thaumatropy (thaw - mat' - ro-pe) [6ailua, wonder; Tpotſ, change]. The extraordinary transformation of one organ or part into another. Thea (theſ-ah). A former genus of plants now included as a section under Camellia. See Tea. T. nigra, black tea, is less pungent and less fragrant than green tea and is made from leaves that have undergone ferment- ation and are then slowly dried. T. viridis, green tea, THEBAIN is prepared from leaves that have been dried quickly, having undergone no fermentation. The poorer grades are frequently colored with gypsum, Prussian blue, etc. Thebain (theſ-ba - in ). [073a, Thebes], Cid H, NO,. Called also paramorphin—a poisonous alkaloid found in opium, consisting of silvery plates, melting at 193° C., with an acrid taste and analogous to strychnin in its physiologic effects. It is a powerful tetanizer, ex- alting the activity of the cerebro-spinal centers. Unof. Thebaism (ſ/he/-ba-ism) [673at, Thebes]. The condi- tion induced by thebain or paramorphin. Thebesius, Foramina of. See Foramina, Table of Thebolactic Acid (theb-o-la/-tić). See Acid. Theca (theſ-Aah) [ffkm, a case, box: pl. , 7%eca]. In biology, a case, Sac, capsule, or sheath, as a sporan- gium or anther-cell. T. cerebri, the cranium. T. cordis, the pericardium. T. vertebralis, the invest- ing membranes of the vertebral cord, with tubular pro- cesses to each of the spinal nerves. Thecal (theſ-Åal) [6%km, a case]. Pertaining to the theca. T. Abscess, tenosynovitis, paronychia, or whitlow. Thecaphore (theſ-Aaſ-or) [6%km, case; $6poç, bear]. See Gynop/hore. ^. Thecasporal (the - Aas-po/- ral) [ffffkm, case; otropá, spore]. Thecasporous. Thecaspore (theſ-Aas-ſàr) [ them, case; otopá, spore]. In biology, a spore formed in the interior of a sac- like cell; the theca or ascus; an ascospore. Thecasporous (the - Aas-po’- rus) [0%km, case; atopá, spore]. Having thecaspores. Thecate (ſhe’-kāl)[6#km, a case]. In biology, sheathed; held within a theca, or furnished with a theca. Theciferous (the-sif'-er-us) [them, case; ferre, to bear]. Bearing thecae. Theciform (theſ-sif- orm) [6%icm, case; forma, form]. Resembling a theca. Thecitis (the-si'-tis) [6%km, case; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of tendons and their sheaths, or of any fibrous sheath. Thecodont (theſ-Åo-dont) [0%km, case; booig, tooth]. Having the teeth covered or sheathed in alveoli. Thecostegnosis (the -/*o-stag - mo/- sis) [6mkh, sheath; areyváelv, to contract]. The shrinking or contraction of the sheath of a tendon. Theden’s Bandage. See Bandage. Theic (he/-ä) [thea, tea]. A tea-drunkard; an im- moderate user of tea. Thein (//ie/-in). See Tea. Theism (he/-īzm) [thea, tea]. The morbid condition due to the excessive use of tea. It is characterized by headache, palpitation of the heart, tremor, insomnia, cachexia, etc. Thelalgia (the-la/-je-ah) [67%, nipple; ážyoç, a pain]. Pain in the nipples. Thelasis, Thelasmus (thel/-as-is, theſ-a2/-mus) [6%ao- plóg, a sucking]. The act of sucking. Thelitis (the-li’-tis) [ffm?ff, nipple; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the nipple. Thelium (theſ-le-um) [0m2%, nipple]. a layer of cells. Theloncus (the-long/-kus) [0/Aff, nipple; bykoç, tumor]. Tumor of the nipple. Thelothism (theſ- ſo - thizm) [67%ff, nipple; offéetv, to push]. Projection of the nipple, caused by contrac- tion of the transverse muscular fibers. Thelyblast (thel/- iſ - last) [ffWvç, female; 8%aoróg, germ]. In biology, the female element of the bi- sexual nucleus (or genoblast) of a cell; a mother-cell. Cf. Arsenob/ast. Thelycum (theſ/-ik-um) [07Avç, female ; pl., Thelyca]. A papilla; also, 1510 THEORY In biology, a structure on the ventral surface of the perion of certain crustaceans; peculiar to the females. Thelygonia (thel-ig-o/-ne-ah). See Aſymphomania. Thelymania (thel-im-a/-me-ah) [67%vg, woman ; uavía, madness]. Satyriasis. Thelytocous (the-lit/-o-kus) [67%uç, female ; Telceiv, to bear]. In biology, producing females only. Thelytoky (the-lit'-o-Ae) [07%vç, female; tekeiv, to bear, produce]. In biology, caused and conditioned by an over-supply of females. Thenad (theſ-mad) [6évap, palm]. side or aspect. Thenal (theſ-mal) [flévap, the palm]. Pertaining to the palm or the sole; also, toward the palm. Thenar (theſ-mar) [6&vap, palm]. The palm of the hand; also, the sole of the foot. Thenard’s Blue. Same as Coba/# Blue. Thenen (the'-men) [6&vap, palm]. Belonging to the thenar aspect in itself. - Theobroma (the -o- bro/- mah) [fleóg, a god; ſpäua, food]. A genus of sterculiaceous plants of tropical America. T. cacao is the cacao-plant, or chocolate- tree. See Chocolate, Cacao. T., Ceratum, “red lip-salve,” cacao-butter, white wax, aā 35 ; oil of almond 30 ; oil of rose, to flavor, and carmin to color, ââ g. s. T., Oleum, butter of cacao. The fixed oil of the seed of the chocolate-tree, Z. cacao. It consists mainly of stearin with a little olein, and is demulcent, not becoming rancid. It is used in making suppositories. Theobromin, Theobromina (the-o-bro/-min, the-o-bro- mi/-nah) [fleóg, a god; 8pópia, food; gem., 7%eobro- minde], C, Hs N.O. A feeble alkaloid obtained from Cacao-butter. It is a white, crystalline powder, with a bitter taste, but no odor. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, etc., when cold. It is said to have about the same effect upon the system as caf- fein and thein. Theolin (theſ-o-lin). Same as Heptane. Theomania (the-o-ma/-ne-ah) [6eóç, a god; pavía, mad- ness]. Religious mania; insanity in which the patient believes himself to be a divine being. Theomaniac (t/le-o-ma/-ne-aft) [Beóç, a god; pavía, mad- ness]. One who is affected with theomania. - Theopathy (the-op/-ath-e) [6eóç, a god; Táffog, disease]. Cure by prayer. Theophyllin (the-o-fi//-in) [thea, tea, pö%20v, leaf), C, HaN,O,. . An alkaloid discovered in tea. It is isomeric with the base obtained from cacao (theobro- min) and with paraxanthin, but differs from them in its reactions. Theoretic, Theoretical (the-o-ret/-ić, the-o-ret/-ić-al) [ffeopmtikóc]. Based on theory; speculative. Theory (theſ-o-re) [0eopia, a view]. The abstract principles of a science. Also, a reasonable supposi- tion or assumption, generally one that is better de- veloped and more probable than a mere hypothesis. T., Cohnheim’s (of Inflammation). See 7, Samuel’s. T., Darwin's. See Darwinism, AVeo- Darwinism, AEvolution. T., Fluss' (of Inflammation). See 7", Landerer's. T., Hammarsten’s ; that the coagulation of the blood is due to the decomposition of a substance called fibrinogen, which is dissolved in the blood-plasma. This decomposition is brought about by the agency of the fibrin-ferment, which is the product of the disintegration of the colorless corpuscles. The most important product of this action is the com- paratively insoluble material called fibrin. T., Lamarckian; the doctrines based upon the teachings of the French naturalist, J. B. P. A. de Monet de La- marck (1744–1829), who attempted to explain the pro- gressive evolution of nature by virtue of an inheren, Toward the thenal THEORY tendency to development and the efforts excited by change of conditions. T., Landerer's (of Znſlamma- tion); that the tension of the tissues (Gewebspannung) during inflammation is much lower than under normal conditions. The capillaries surrounded by these inflamed tissues are unable to withstand the pressure of the blood and, therefore, dilate. The immediate effect of this dilatation is an acceleration of the move- ment of the blood, which rushes in to fill the widened capillaries. But after a certain lapse of time, as the surrounding tissues lose their elasticity more and more, the blood-stream slows, thus producing the condition of the circulation typical of inflammation. (Metschni- koff.) T., Metschnikoff’s Biologic or Comparative (of Inſlammation); “inflammation generally must be regarded as a phagocytic reaction on the part of the organism against irritants. This reaction is carried out by the mobile phagocytes, sometimes alone, sometimes with the aid of the vascular phagocytes or of the ner- vous system. The essential phenomena of inflamma- tion represent an actual struggle between the phago- cytes and the irritant agent.” T., Paralytic (of Inflammation); the doctrine that regards hyperemia as the most essential act in inflammation, and caused by paralysis of the vasomotor nerves. T. of Pepto- geny and Peptogenous Substances of Schiff and Corvisart; this theory adduces the noteworthy pecu- liarity whereby the secretory tissues of the stomach yield gastric juice only when in contact with certain alimentary substances, because these substances furnish an indispensable element in the production of pepsin. T., Podwyssozki's (of Inflammation); “inflamma- tion is a local reaction, often beneficial, of the living tissues against the irritant substance. This reaction is chiefly produced by a phagocytic activity of the meso- dermic cells. This reaction, however, may precipi- tate not only changes in the vascular system, but also the chemic action of the blood-plasma and tissue-fluids in liquefying and dissolving the irritant agent.” T. of Preformation. See Preformation and Incasement. T., Recapitulation ; according to which each animal in its own development repeats the history of its ancestry, “climbs up its own genealogical tree.” This theory was first clearly enunciated by Fritz Mül- ler, and has since been elaborated by many, notably by Balfour and Ernst Haeckel, T., Rokitansky's (of In- flammation); the theory that inflammation is an abnor- mal process of nutrition in which, as a result of stasis, exudation takes place. The stasis is the most important factor. Its cause is to be found in the commingling and adhesion of the red cells, the condensation of the plasma by transudation of serum, and the accumulation of white cells. The exudation is explained, aside from molecular attraction, by the continued pressure under which the plasma in the area of stasis exists. T., Roser's (of Inflammation); according to this theory inflammation is a true disease, due to infection by microbes, the reparatory phenomena constituting its cure. T., Sachs’ (of Anſlammation); is that a single process represents a salutary reaction against some injurious influence; that regeneration, cicatriza- tion, and the primary processes of inflammation, such as emigration and the alteration in the vessel-walls, are reparatory acts serving to counteract the damage brought about by the irritant, i. e., true inflammation never occurs except where there has been a primary lesion of the tissues. This theory has been accepted and developed by Buchner and Neumann. T., Samuel's (of Inflammation); according to this theory the main factor in all inflammatory states consists in a lesion of the vessels, which are attacked by the irritat- ing cause. The inflamed vessels, being more perme- * 1511 THERIOMA able, allow the fluid and corpuscular elements of the blood to flow through them in a purely passive manner. These exuded products collect in a situation where they meet with least resistance and there produce the inflam- matory tumor. T., Schimper's (of the Arrangement of Zeaves); according to which all relations of position are referred to a single principle. “This principle lies in the idea that growth in a stem has an upward direc- tion in a spiral line, and that the formation of leaves is a local exaggeration of this spiral growth.” (Sachs.) T., Schwann's (of Zn/lammation). Same as Ā’oku- tansky's Theory, g. v. T. of Schwendener. See Schwendenerism. T., Spasmodic (of Zºſiammation); the doctrine that hyperemia is the most essential phe- nomenon in inflammation, and holds it to be caused by a spasmodic contraction of the affected arteries, accom- panied by an afflux of blood to the neighboring part. T., Stricker's (of Inflammation); the theory that the tissue-cells, under the influence of the inflammatory ir- ritant, return to their former undifferentiated embryonic condition, and then rapidly proliferate, forming similar cells. T., Virchow's Nutritional (of Parenchymat- ous Anſlammation); according to Virchow, hyperemia is but a subordinate process and entirely Secondary to an increased nutritive and reproductive activity of the cells at the seat of inflammation, which gives rise to the formation of a large quantity of exudation-cells at the expense of the cells of the damaged tissue. Therapeia (ther-ap-i/-ah). See 7%erapeutics. Therapeutic (ther-ap-u/-tié) [flepatevtukňJ. Pertain- ing to therapeutics; curative. T. Test, a method of diagnosis by administering certain remedies which are known to influence a given disease, e. g., quinin in malaria, potassic iodid and mercury in syphilis. Therapeutics (ther-ap - u/- tiks) [6epairevrtkh). That branch of medical science which considers the applica- tion of remedies as a means of cure. T., Mediate, medicating a child through its mother's milk. T., Sug- gestive, hypnotic suggestion in the treatment of dis- eaS62. Therapeutist (ther-ap-u/-tist) [Bepaireia, therapy]. One skilled in therapeutics. Therapic (ther-ap/-ié) [flepateta, therapy]. to therapy; therapeutic. Therapol (ther’-ap-ol)[6epaireta, cure; oleum, oil]. A vegetable oil containing ozone. It has been used in diphtheria. Therapy, Therapeia (ther'-ap-e, ther-ap-i/-ah) [9spa- treia, therapy]. Therapeutics—now used chiefly as a suffix, e. g., serotherapy, ačrotherapeutics. Therg’s Fistula. See Aistula. Theriac (theſ-re-aft). See Theriaca. Theriaca (the-ri’-ak-ah)[6mptakī; 6mptov, beast, serpent ; it was at first the name of a medicine used for snake- bite], Treacle; molasses. The non-crystallizing residue of the juice of the cane, left after the process of evaporation. It consists of cane-sugar-solution, caramel, and various impurities. It was formerly used in pharmacy and also as the name of an antidote to the bites of venomous snakes or insects. T. an- dromachi, Venice treacle, a compound (no longer official) of some seventy or more drugs mixed with honey, and given as an antidote in cases of snake- bite. Theriacal (the - riſ-ak - al) [thplaki, ; 6mptov, best]. Having the virtues ascribed to theriaca; useful as an antidote for venomous bites. Theriodic (the-re-od’’-ić) [flºptov, a wild beast]. Malig- Inant. * Therioma (the - re-o/- mah) [6mptóelv, to make or be wild; pl., Therjomata]. A rare name for a malig- nant ulcer; a tumor. Pertaining THERIOTOMY Theriotomy (the-re-ot/-o-me) [ffmpiov, beast; rou%, a cut]. Zoëtomy; the anatomy or dissection of ani- mals. - Therm [6épplm, heat]. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from O9 C. to I°C. It is equal to IOOO calories. See Unit. Thermae (thur/-me) [0épum, heat]. Hot baths; hot Springs. Thermaesthesia (thur-mes-the'-ze-ah). See Thermes- thesia. Thermal (thur’-ma!) [6%pum, heat]. Pertaining to heat. T. Ataxia. See Ataxia. T. Springs, warm, or hot springs. Thermality (thur-ma/-it-e) [flápum, heat]. Exaggerated generation of heat, symptomatic of infection. Thermanesthesia (thur - man - es - theſ-ze - ah). See Thermo-anesthesia. Thermantidote (thur-man/-tid-öt) [6%pum, heat; anti- dote]. An apparatus for cooling the air, much used in some hot regions, as India. Thermasma (thur-maz/-mah) [6&pplagua]. fomentation. Thermatology (thur-mat-o//-o-je) [6%pum, heat; %yoç, science]. The scientific use or understanding of the waters of thermal springs in the cure of disease. Thermesthesia (thur - mes - theſ-ze-ah) [Báppim, heat; aiothoug, sensation]. The sensation of heat or of the temperature of bodies. Thermesthesiometer (thur-mes-the-ze-om/-et-er)[6épum, heat; aioffmaug, sensation; uétpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the sensibility to heat of different regions of the skin. Thermic (thur’-muiž) [0épum, heat]. T. Fever, sunstroke; heat-fever. Thermifugin (thur-miſ/-u-jin) [6%pum, heat; ſugare, to expel], C, Hs(CH3)NCOONa. Sodium carbamate, recommended as an antipyretic. Unof. Thermo- (thur’-mo-) [fláppim, heat]. A prefix used to denote connection with or relation to heat or tempera- ture. Thermo-anesthesia (thur-mo-an-es-theſ-ze-ah) [6%pplm, heat; anesthesia]. Loss of the perception of thermal impressions. Thermo-cautery (thur-mo-kaw/-ter-e). See Cautery. Thermo-chemic (thur-mo-Kem/-i})[6épplm, heat; repeta, chemistry]. Pertaining to thermo-chemistry. Thermo-chemist (thur - mo - Aem/- ist) [Bépplm, heat; yeasta, chemistry]. One versed in thermo-chem- istry. tºo-chemistry (ſhur-mo-kem/-is-tre) [6éppm, heat; reusia, chemistry]. That branch of chemic science embracing the mutual relations of heat and chemic changes. Thermochroic (thur-mo-kro/-ié) [flápplm, heat; Apóg, surface]. Pertaining to a quality of certain substances that transmit some thermal radiations, but absorb or change others. - Thermo-current (thur - mo - AEur'- ent ) [6épum, heat; currere, to run]. An electric current produced by heat. Thermo-diffusion (thur-mo-dif-u/-zhum) [6%pum, heat; diffusion]. Diffusion of a gas by inequalities in temperature. Thermodin (thur’-mo-din) [6ápum, heat], A warm Pertaining to heat. °º Ndoch, COO.C.H. Acetyl-ethoxyphenylurethan; acetyl-ethoxyphenylcar- bamate ethyl ester. A hydrocarbon that crystallizes in white needles, which are odorless and almost taste- less, melt at 86°–88° C., and are slightly soluble in water. The drug is antipyretic. The dose is from 7.5 to Io grains. Unof. 1512 THERMOMETER Thermo-electricity (thur-mo-e-leſſ-tris/-īt-e ) [6&pplm, heat; #%ektpov, amber]. Electricity generated by heat. - Thermo-excitory (thur-mo-ek-si'-to-re) [6&pum, heat; excitor, excitor]. Having the function of exciting the production of heat (opposed to thermo-inhibitory). Thermogenesis (thur - mo-jen/- es - is ) [6&pplm, heat; yevvāv, to produce]. The production of heat. Thermogenetic (thur-mo-jen-et/-ić). Same as Ther- mogenic. Thermogenic (thur-mo-jen/-ić) [flºppim, heat; yevvāv, to produce]. Pertaining to thermogenesis; producing heat. Thermogenous (thur-moj’-en-us) [6épum, heat; yévm.g., producing]. Producing heat. Thermogram (thur’-mo-gram) [flépplm, heat; Ypáppia, a mark]. The record of a thermograph. Thermograph (thur’-mo-graf) [fléppim, heat; Ypápetv, to write]. Any automatic device for registering vari- ations of temperature. Thermography (thur-mog/-raiſe) [6éppim, heat; ypáſpelv, to write]. Writing by means of heat. The use of the thermograph. Thermohemia (thur-mo-hem/-e-ah). See Insolation. Thermo-inhibitory (thur-mo-in-hib/-it-o-re) [6épum, heat; inhibitory]. Having the function of inhibiting or controlling the production of heat ; as thermo- inhibitory nerves or centers. - Thermology (thur - mol/- 0-je) [ffépplm, heat; %yoç, science]. A treatise on heat. Thermolysis (thur-mol/-is-is) [6épum, heat; %gic, a loosening]. The dissipation of heat. This is mainly accomplished by means of the skin and lungs. It is regulated by nervous influence. Thermolytic (thur-mo-lif/-ié) [6%pum, heat; %gic, a loosening]. I. Pertaining to or promoting thermoly- sis. 2. An agent that promotes the discharge of heat from the body. Thermomagnetism (thur-mo - mag/-net - izm) [6épplm, heat; uayvetmg, magnet]. Magnetism produced by heat. Thermometer (thur-mom/-et-er) [6&pum, heat; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat, consisting of a reservoir of mercury (or alcohol) expanding into a vacuous capillary tube, the intensity being measured by the length of the column of mercury. T., Centigrade, one in which the freezing-point is at O’ and the boiling-point at IOO9. T., Clinical, a thin-bulbed, self-registering thermom- eter for ascertaining the bodily temperature. T., Fahrenheit, one in which the interval between freez- ing and boiling is divided into 18O equal parts, each called a degree, the zero-point being 32 degrees or divisions below the freezing of water. T., Reau- mur, one in which the freezing-point is O9, and the boiling-point 80°. To convert the registration of one thermometer into that of another the following formulae are useful :- Let F= No. of degrees Fahrenheit. “ C= & º . . g { Centigrade. “ R = “ ... “ Reaumur. Then to convert Fahr. into Cent. Fahr. into Reaum. 5 (AE-32) – c. 4 (AE-32) — k. 9 9 Cent. into Fahr. Reaum. into Fahr. T., Surface, a thermometer for registering the surface temperature of any portion of the body. See next page for 7able of Comparison of Thermometers. THERMOMETRIC CoMPARISON OF THERMOMETERS. # ; | 3 || || || 3 || 3 || # ; ; ; {z} < ºr] {r} < ſº º Č § p4 ſº O p4 ſº O £4 2I2 IOO 8o I22 50 4O 32 O O 2IO 98.9 || 79. I I2O 48.9 || 39. I 30 -I.I –o.9 208 97.8 || 78.2 I 18 47.8 || 38.2 28 –2.2 —I.8 206 96.7 || 77.3 II6 46.7 | 37.3 26 -3.3 -2.7 2O4 95.6 || 76.4 II4 45.6 36.4 24 –4.4 -3.6 2O2 94.4 || 75.6 II 2 44.4 || 35.6 22 –5.6 -4.4 2OO 93.3 74.7 I IO 43-3 || 34.7 2O –6.7 -5.3 198 92.2 | 73.8 Io& 42.2 33.8 I8 –7.8 —6.2 I96 9I. I | 72.9 IG6 4I. I | 32.9 I6 –8.9 || -7.1 I94 90 72 IO4 40 32 14 || -IO –8 I92 88.9 || 71. I IO2 38.9 31. I I2 -I I.I -8.9 I90 87.8 || 70.2 IOO 37.8 || 30.2 Io -12.2 -9.8 I88 86.7 || 69.3 98 36.7 29.3 8 || -13.3 –Io.7 I86 85.6 | 68.4 96 35.6 28.4 6 -I4.4 –II.6 I84 84.4 67.6 94. 34.4 27.6 4 : -I5.6 -12.4 I82 83.3 | 66.7 92 33-3 || 26.7 2 || -I6.7 -13.3 I8o 82.2 65.8 90 32.2 || 25.8 o -17.8 –I4.2 178 8I. I | 64.9 88 3I. I | 24.9 –2 || -18.9 -15. I 176 8o 64 86 30 24 –4 || –20 | –16 I74 78.9 63. I 84 28.9 23.I –6 —21. I –I6.9 172 77.8 || 62.2 || 82 27.8 22.2 –8 || –22.2 -17.8 17o 76.7 61.3 80 26.7 21.3 || –Io -23.3 -18.7 I68 75.6 ſ 60.4 78 25.6 | 20.4 || –I2 -24.4 -19.6 I66 74.4 59.6 76 24.4 | 19.6 || -14 || -25.6 —20.4 I64 73.3 58.7 74. 23.3 I8.7 -16 || –26.7 | –21.3 I62 72.2 57.8 72 22.2 17.8 || –18 || –27.8 —22.2 I6o 7.I.I 56.9 7o 2I. I I6.9 || -20 -28.9 || -23. I I58 || 70 56 68 2O I5 –22 || -30 | –24 I56 68.9 || 55. I 66 I8-9 || I5. I –24 -31. I -24.9 I54 67.8 54.2 64 17.8 I4.2 || –26 –32.2 —25.8 I52 66.7 53.3 62 16.7 | I3.3 –28 —33.3 —26.7 I50 65.6 52.4 6o I5.6 I2.4 -30 || -34.4 -27.6 I48 64.4 51.6 58 I4.4 II.6 || -32 -35.6 –28.4 I46 || 63.3 50.7 56 I3-3 || Io.7 || -34 -36.7 -29.3 I44 62.2 49.8 54. I2.2 9.8 || -36 –37.8 —30.2 I42 61. I | 48.9 52 II. I 8.9 || -38 -38.9 —31.1 I40 6o 48 50 IO 8 -40 || -40 –32 138 58.9 || 47. I 48 8.9 7. I -42 -4I. I | –32.9 I36 57.8 46. 46 7.8 6.2 || -44 -42.2 –33.8 I34 || 56.7 | 45.3 44 6.7 5.3 || -46 -43.3 -34.7 I32 55.6 || 44.4 42 5.6 4.4 || -48 || -44.4 -35.6 I30 || 54.4 || 43.6 4O 4.4 3.6 || -50 -45.6 -36.4 I28 || 53.3 || 42.7 38 3.3 2.7 || -52 —46.7 –37.3 126 || 52.2 || 41.8 36 2.2 I.8 || -54 —47.8 —38.2 I24 5.I.I | 40.9 34 I. I O.9 || -56 –48.9 || –39. I Thermometric (thur-mo-met/-rié) [6épum, heat; uérpov, measure]. Pertaining to the thermometer or to ther- mometry. Thermometry (thur-mom/-et-re) [6%pum, heat; uérpov, measure]. The scientific use of the thermometer, and the facts and theories relating thereto. Thermonanesthesia (thur-mo-nam-es-the-2e-ah). Thermo-anesthesia. Thermoneurosis (thur - mo - mu-ro/-sis) [6%pum, heat; veipov, nerve]. Pyrexia of vasomotor origin. Thermopalpation (thur-mo-pa/pa/-shum) [58pum, heat; palpare, to palpate]. Palpation of the surface of the body with a view to the determination of variations of temperature, and the diagnosis of local or visceral inflammations. Thermophagy (thur-moff’-aj-e) [flépum, heat; payev, to eat]. The habit of swallowing very hot food. Thermoplegia (ther-mo-p/e/-je-ah) [&#pum, heat; tāmyń, a stroke]. Insolation; heat-stroke. Thermopolypnea (thur-mo-pol-ip-me/-ah) [6&ppm, heat; Toºg, many; Tveiv, to breathe]. Rapid respiration due to high temperature. Thermoposia (thur-mo-po'-ze-ah) [6%pum, heat; trógic, a drinking]. The practice of swallowing excessively hot drinks. - Thermo-regulator (thur-mo-reg'-it-la-tor). 7/20szań. Thermoscope (thur’-mo-sköp) [6%pum, heat; okoteiv, to view.J. An instrument for measuring minute differ- ences of temperature without registering the degree or amount of heat. See See Ther- 1513 THIERSCH'S METHOD Thermostat (thur’-mo-stat) [ffépum, heat; oratóg, stand- ing]. Any automatic device for regulating and maintaining a constant temperature. Thermosteresis (thur-mo-ster-eſ-sis) [6&ppim, heat; otép- 70tc, deprivation]. Depriving of heat. Thermosystaltic (ſhur-mo-sis-ta/-tié) [flépum, heat; ovoté%Weiv, to contract]. Muscular contraction due to heat. - Thermotactic (thur-mo-tak/-tié) [6%ppim, heat; Tāq- oeuv, to regulate]. Regulating the heat of the body; as a thermotactic center. Thermotaxic (thur-mo-taks/-īk) [6%pum, heat; Tášic, ar- rangement]. Pertaining to regulation of the tem- perature of the body; thermotactic. Thermotaxis (thur-mo-taks/-īs) [ffépum, heat; Tášug, ar- rangement]. The regulation and correlation of heat- production and heat-dissipation. Thermoterion (ther-mo-te/-re-on) [6eppiórmſ, heat]. An apparatus for keeping food warm, consisting in a glass case surrounded by a hot water chamber and an air- space to prevent the radiation of heat. Thermotherapy (thur - mo - ther' - ap-e) [6épum, heat; 6epaireia, cure]. The treatment of disease by heat. Thermotoxin (thur-mo-toks/-īn) [flápum, heat; Točaków, poison]. A poison produced by heat in the body. Thermotropism (thur - mot/- ro-pizm) [6%ppim, heat; TpóTog, a turn]. In biology, that property possessed by some organs of bending toward or away from a source of heat. Theromorphia (thur-o-mâr’-fe-ah) [flºp, a beast; uoppſ, form]. A monstrosity resembling a lower animal. Theromorphism (thur-o-mâ77-ft2m) [thp, beast; uoppij, form]. Apparent reversion, in a human subject, to an animal form of lower type. Thesis (ſhe’-sis) [6éag, a proposition]. A dissertation. Usually, the essay presented by an undergraduate at the time of his candidature for a degree. Thesocyte (£hes’-o-sit) [fleg, from Tíðmut, to lay up; kvróg, cell]. One of certain reserve cells found in several Sponges. Thetismus (the-tiz'-mus). Synonym of Zisping. Thevetia (the-ve/-she-ah) [after André Thevet, a French monk and traveler]. A genus of tropical apocyna- ceous shrubs and trees. T. iccotſ; and T. meriifolia, of tropical America, and Asia, are poisonous, febri- fugal, and emeto-cathartic. Unof. Thevetin (thew/-et-in) [after André Thever, a French monk and traveler]. A poisonous glucosid from certain species of Thevetia. Thiazole (thi’-az-67), CsPIs NS. A substance produced by exchanging hydrogen for the amido-group in amidothiazole. It is a colorless liquid, boiling at 117° C.; it closely resembles pyridin. Thick Wind. A colloquial term for impeded respira- tion in the horse, somewhat louder and less free than normal breathing. Thiersch's Method of Skin-grafting. The part to be grafted is made aseptic and then washed with a salt- solution (6 : IOOO). The granulations are removed with a sharp curet; the bleeding surface is covered with protective and compressed, to check all bleeding. From a portion of the arm or leg, free from fat and pre- viously sterilized, broad strips of the upper layers of the skin are removed by a to-and-fro movement of a razor continually flooded with salt-solution. These grafts are then placed upon the prepared surface, covering it completely. Lattice-work protective strips are applied, then a compress moist with salt-solution, the whole being covered with protective and dry cot- ton and bandaged. An antiseptic dressing should be placed upon the surface from which the grafts were removed. THIGH Thigh (4%) [ME., thigh, thigh]. The femur. The part of the lower limb extending from the pelvis to the k n e e. T.- bone, the femur or os / e //, or is. T.-joint, the hip- joint ; the articu- lation between the innominate bone and the femur. Thilanin (thiſ/-an- tn), a sulphuretted lanolin designed to replace ichthy- ol and thiol in the treatment of itching skin-dis- €2.SéS. Thillaye's Ban- dage. See Aan- dage. T him b 1 e we ed (thim/- bl - wed). The herb /ºzebeck- 7a /a/zciniała, di- uretic and tonic. It has balsamic properties. Dose of the fid. ext. xv-z. j. Unof. Thin [ME., thinne, thin]. Slender; me a ger; lean; spare. Thio- (thi' -o- ) [ffeiov, sulphurj. A prefix denoting the presence of Sulphur, or a Sul- phur radicle. Thio-acetals (thi- o-as/-eſ-a/2). See Mercapta/s. Thio-acid (thi’-o- as/-īd). One of the acids derived from others by the 1 substitution of sulphur for oxy- gen, generally but not always in the hydroxyl group. They are liquids MUSCULAR NERVES OF THE ANTERO- INTERNAL ASPECT OF THE THIGH. 2. Branches 3. Branch to inner E. of psoas. 4. Large cutaneous ranch. 5, 6. Muscular filaments of Small musculo-cutaneous branch. 7. Cutaneous branches. , 8. Deep, or anastomotic filament of internal cuta- neous branch. 9. Branches to rectus . Anterior crural nerve. to iliacus muscle. e femoris. Io. Branches to vastus ex- of disagreeable ternus. 11, 11. Branches to vastus odor, less soluble internus. I2, 12. Internal Saphenous 5 nerve. I3. Its patellar branch. 14. in w a t e r and possessing a lower boiling - tempera- ture than the cor- responding oxy- gen acids. Thio – a 1 c o hols (Zhi-o-a/-40-hols). See Mercaptams. Thiocamph (ſhi/-o-kamf) [ffelov, sulphur, camphor]. A fluid disinfectant, used for fumigation. It is formed by the action of sulphurous acid on camphor and is used in the strength of one ounce to a pint or quart. Unof. Thio-ethers (thi/-o-e'-therz). See A/Ayl-sulphids. Thiol (//hi/-o/) [9siov, sulphurj. German Ichthyol; prepared from gas-oil by heating with sulphur. It occurs in two forms, the dry and the liquid. It has Vertical, or tibial branch. 15. Obtu- rator nerve. I6. Branch to adductor longus. 17. Branch to adductor brevis. 18. Branch to gracilis. 19. Branch to adductor magnus. 20. Lumbo-sacral trunk. 21. Union of this trunk and the first sacral nerve. 22, 22. Lumbar and sacral portions of sympathetic. 23. External inguino- cutaneous branch. 1514 THISTLE been used largely in gynecic practice. thiol, gr. ii-x. Unof. Thionin (thi’ o-min). Same as Lauth's Violet. Thiophen, Thiophene (thi/-o-fen, thiſ-o:/ēn)[ffeiov, sul- phur], C, H,S. A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series; a colorless, limpid oil, of faint odor, and miscible with water in all proportions The sodium salt, C, HACNaSs, is a white powder, precipitated in the form of scales; it contains 33 per cent. of Sulphur and has a disagreeable odor. It is used in a 5–Io per cent. ointment in prurigo. The biniodid, C, H, I,S, has been used as a substitute for iodoform. It crystallizes in beautiful plates, in- soluble in water, but very soluble in ether, alcohol, and chloroform. Its odor is characteristic, but not disagree- able. It is a vigorous disinfectant and deodorant, superior to iodoform. Unof. T., diiodid, has been recommended as an antiseptic. Thiophen Iodid (thi-o-fen-i/-o-did). Iodothiophen, a halogen compound of thiophen, a substance obtained from benzene. The experiments of Spiegler have shown it to be an antiseptic possessing varying degrees of power in retarding the development of bacteria in culture-media. It is preferable to iodoform in having a faint, agreeable, aromatic odor. . Thiophenol (thi-o-fen/-ol) [fleſov, sulphur; phenyl], C. H.S.H. Pheny/mercaptan ; obtained by the action of phosphorus pentasulphid on phenol. It is a mobile, ill-smelling liquid, boiling at 168° C. ; its specific grav- ity at 14°C. is I.O78; it dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. Thiophtene (thi-of/-tem) [6 9 % @ | ozonic ether * e ºa ea • * * cause green & es * •gºgº line at junc- * @ 9 o e”$$oã ti on with ll.III.16. & •S (3) º 5. Q@ º º º Q £ºs *$& W3 dº. g Calcium carbo- Whitish sedi- || Amorphous gran- Soluble in | No special signifi- nate. ment (rare); ul es; sm all acids, with ef- cance. urine alka- spheric or dumb- | fervescence. line. bell crystals. Calcium oxa- Cloudy, whit- | Transparent, re- | Soluble in min-| Vegetable diet, late. lish, of t e n | fracting octa- eral acids, especially rhu- high 1 y re- hedra. So me - not in acetic. barb; oxaluria; fracting sedi- times “dumb- often with uric ment. bell” shaped. acid in lithemia. Calcium phos- | Wh it is h or Amorphous gran- || Insoluble by Phosphaturia; phate. yello wish ules, or wedge- heat; solu-| dyspepsia; alka- sediment; shaped crystals, ble in acetic line fermentation. urine feebly separate or in ro- or mineral acid or alka- set-like clusters. acids. line. Calcium sul- | Not distinct- | Elongated, trans- Insoluble in | No special signifi- phate. 1 ve; rare; parent needles or ammonia or Call Ce. urine acid. tablets. acids. Cholesterin. Not distinct- Large, transparent | The micro- ive; very TaTe º Ulr1116. alkaline. plates, often su- perimposed; one corner frequent- ly defective. S cop ic ap- pearances. Pyelitis, cystitis, etC. URINARY SEDIMENTS 1578 URINARY SEDIMENTS TABLE OF URINARY SEDIMENTS.–Continued. GROSS APPEAR- MICROSCOPIC ILLUSTRATIONs. ſº VARIETY. ANCES AND FEATURES TESTs. SIGNIFICANce. (After Tyson, Casselman, Landois, CHARACTERS. g Beale, and zon Jaksch.) Cystin. White or yel- Six-sided plates, Crystals burn Cystinuria may be lowish-gray de posit ; rare; a cid, neutral, or al- kaline urine. often superim- posed. on platinum with a bluish- green flame w it h out m el t in g; if h e a ted with caustic potash on sil- ver plate leave a per- manent, dark stain. an hereditary and insignificant con- dition ; or it may indicate the pres- ence of a cystin- stone in the kid ney. . Hippuric acid. Not distinct- ive; whitish de posit; urine acid. Four-sided prisms with two or four beveled edges at the ends. Dissolved in a mm on ia, but not in hydrochlor- ic acid. Diet of cranberries and other vege- tables; adminis- | tration of benzoic acid; in diabetes. Indigo. A m or p hous fragments or concretions of blue color; urine alka- line or acid. Amorphous gran- ules, fine needles and crystals o a blue color. The color is distinctive. In decomposing ll III] e. Leuc in an d tyrosin. Usually a bile- stained de - posit; often Scanty; rare ; urine acid. Leucin: Yellowish, . refracting spheres, co n - taining radiating lines. Tyrosin: “Nee- dles” arranged in “sheafs.” Leucin : Heat- ing with pro- tonitrate of mercury in solution de- posits metal- lic mercury. Zyrosin . Crys- t a l s dis- solved in hot water, and treated with mercuric ni- trate and ni- trate of pot- assium, giv- ing a red so- I ution and red precipi- tate. Destruction of liver; especially acute yellow a trophy, and phosphorus- poisoning. Magnesium phosphate. Not distinctive; rare; urine concentrated, but feebly acid or alka- line. Large, strongly refracting plates, in the shape of elongated rhom- bic tablets. So lu b le in acetic acid, re-pre c 1 p 1- tated by car- bonate of so- dium. No special signif- 1C3Il Ce, Mucin. Cloudy tur - viscid, gelat- inous se di- ment. bid it y or a | Epithelium a n d leukocytes, held in a string y, t ran s p a rent In 2SS. A c e tic acid causes cloud- in ess or precipitate. Genito - u r in a ry catarrh, especi- ally cystitis. Triangular prisms Phosphates, Triple—Am- monio - m ag- nesium phos- phate. Heavy, white de posit ; urine feebly acid or alka- line. with be vel ed edges— “coffin lid S.” A 1 so feathery, star || shapes, and other forms. Insoluble by heat. Solu- ble in acetic or mineral acids. Dyspepsia; alka- line fermentation of urine; cystitis. URINARY SEDIMENTS 1579 URINARY SEDIMENTS TABLE OF URINARY SEDIMENTS.–Cozz/2/222ad. |GROSS APPEAR- - ILLUSTRATIONS. VARIETY. ANCES AND Mºść TEST.S. SIGNIFICANCE. (After Tyson, Casselman, Landois, CHARACTERS. ES. - Beale, and von Jaksch.) Pus. Compact, thick, Degenerated leu- The dark-red In acid urine, with ^ (3) 6.4.9 & viscid sedi- kocytes. color of pus- | uric acid and no { ment; urine c or p uscles mucus: pyelitis; @) @ 9 C. & Cº acid or alka- ...” on adding or alkaline urine © © © line. iodo - potas- with triple phos- © 3. sic-iodid so- phates: cystitis. º * ſ lution. © # 3. . :gº) © * * X; s Tyrosin. See Leucin. *... Gº . ~~~ * Lithemic and rheu- Urates of sodi- “Brick-dust” Amorphous gran- | Dissolved by sº & . ; * * So um, ammon- deposit, the u les. Ammo- he at or on matic diathesis. gº d2 ium, and po- color due to nium urate ap- adding acids. Fever. Ammon- go # tassium. the color of pears as spheric ium urate occurs 3. $. So (The illustra- the ur in e. crystals sur - when an acid * 3×3: . tion is of am- Dissolved | rounded by spic- urine is under- ‘b o . * monium uzº- and cleared ules—“he d g e- oing alkaline # § 3 ate.) by heating. hog crystals.” ermentation. 62 § # 3:- Urine acid; % º §: some times º & alkaline. - >bºx Uric acid. Small grains, Crystals of vari- | T he crystals | Lithemic or rheu- . resembling o us s h a pes dissolve in matic diathesis. §§ red pepper; colored brown- caustic pot- §º. urine acid. ish-red by the as h. The & Vº u ri n a r y pig- || murexid-test Ǻ ments. The com- produces a 6) m on est form purple color. SS res embles a $º § N whetstone. * g §: Xanthin. Not distinct: | “Whets to ne” | Insoluble in Xanthin-stone in H. Bence Jones once found this sub- - ive: urine crystals. acetic acid; the kidney. stance in the urine of a lad ze/ho had acid ; very soluble in three years previously exhibited the Iare. ammonia. symptoms of renal colic. It was seen in the sediment in the form of zwhet- stone crystals, zwhich zvere insoluble in acetic acid and soluble in ammo- nia (thus distinguished from uric acid).-Von Jaksch. Urinate (u/-rin-āt) from the bladder. [urina, urine]. To evacuate urine Urination (u-rin-a/-shum) [urina, urine; up imare, to urinate]. The act of voiding urine. Urine (u/-rin) [urina, urine]. The excretion of the kidneys. The urine in health has an amber color, a slightly acid reaction, a faint odor, a saline taste, and a specific gravity of about IoI8. The average quantity excreted in 24 hours, in health, is about three pints. The constitution and the amount of the urine are modified considerably by the food and drink taken, also by drugs, temperature, occupation, etc. U., Anemic, the urine in anemia. U., Black, urine con- taining melanin. U., Chylous, a milky urine due to the presence of fat or chyle. U., Diabetic, urine passed in diabetes, containing glucose. U., Dyspeptic, the urine of a dyspeptic patient. It often contains crystals of calcium oxalate. U., Gouty, urine scanty in amount, highly colored, and containing an excess of uric acid. U., Incontinence of, inability to retain the urine. See Enuresis. U., Mucilaginous, urine containing a large amount of mucus. U., Nebulous, urine cloudy from earthy phosphates. U., Residual, urine that remains in the bladder after urination in prostatic hypertrophy and in cystic disease. U., Re- tention of. Inability to pass the urine. See Zschu- ria. U., Suppression of. See Zschuria. U., Tests for Serum-albumin in. From a series of experi- ments with mucoid nucleo-albumin (so-called mucin), Dr. D. D. Stewart concludes that the old-fashioned heat-test is the only reliable one for the recognition of serum-albumin in the urine, but that no depend- ence can be placed on a reaction occurring while the urine is cooling if an acid has been added to assist in the precipitation of serum-albumin or to maintain phosphates in solution. This author also asserts that metaphosphoric acid is untrustworthy as a serum- albumin test, on account of reacting to traces of so- called mucin in a manner indistinguishable from the serum-albumin reaction. Trichloracetic acid is also so delicate a reagent for the detection of albumin, that, by it, a normal, constant trace of albumin is proved. With careful technique, an albumin-reaction occurs with all cold urines, either instantly or within a few moments after contact, and this reaction may be made to appear almost instantly in any normal, unfil- tered, clear urine, if the test tube is placed for a short time in water at the boiling point. So extraordinarily sensitive is this reagent that it gives an albumin-ring with distilled water which has been passed through URINEMIA - 1580 filtering paper of the finest grades, including the best Swedish paper, which is supposed to contain the least amount of vegetable albumin. Zable of A table of the Colors of the Urine is appended. COLORS OF THE URINE. See Zests, COLOR. CAUSE OF THE CoLoR. | PATHologic ConDI- TION OR CAUSE. Nearly colorless. Dilution or dimin- ished pigments. Various nervous conditions, hy- druria, diabetes mellitus, diabetes in si p id us, con- tracted kidney. Normal color, be- coming black on Unknown ; glyco- suric acid. Sometimes in pul- monary tuberculo- standing. sis. Pathology unknown. Milky. Fat-globules; pus- Chyluria; fatty kid- corpuscles. ney : purul ent d is e as e in the urinary tract. Dark-amber to red- dish-brown. Increase of nor- mal or occur- rence of patho- logic pigments; concentration of the urine. F ever; pernicious anemia; excessive Sweating. Yellow. Excreted drugs, e.g., picric acid. Orange. Excreted drugs, e.g., Santonin, chry- sophanic acid. Brown to black. Hematin, nethem- oglobin, m el a- nin, hydrochinon, and catechol. Small hemorrhages; met he moglobin- u ria; antipyrin ; chlorate of potash; melanotic sarcoma; carbo lic acid; CreaSOte. Brownish-yellow to red, be coming blood-red on adding alkalies. Substances intro- du c e d with senna, rhubarb, and chelidonium. Red or reddish. Hemoglobin or free blood. Pigments in food, Hemoglobinuria or hematuria. 62. 㺠logwood mad- er, bil be r ries, fuchsin. Greenish to brown or black. Bile-pigments. Jaundice. Dirty-green or blue. Dark serum on surface, and blue deposit due to indigo - forming substances. Chol era, typhus, hepatic, and intes- timal affections. Especially marked in stale urine. Urinemia (u-rin-e'-me-ah) [urina, urine; alua, blood]. The existence of urinary constituents in the blood. Uriniferous (u-rin-if”-er-us) [urina, urine; ferre, to bear]. Carrying or conveying urine. U. Tubules. See under Zhebulus. Urinific (u-rim-ff’-ić) [urina, urine; facere, to make]. Excreting or producing urine. Uriniparous (u-rin-ip/-ar-us) [urina, urine; parere, to produce]. Preparing or excreting urine. Urinogenital (u-rin-o-jen/-it-a!) [urina, urine; yeuvâv, to produce]. Pertaining to urination and the genital function; urogenital. Urinogenitary (u-rin-o-jen/-it-a-re). genital. - Urinology (u-rin-o/-o-ſe) [urina, urine; A6).og, sci- ence]. The science of the analysis and diagnostic significance of urine. Same as Urino- UROBILINURIA Urinometer (*-rin-om/-et-er) [urina, urine; uérpov, measure]: A hydrometer for ascertaining the specific gravity of urine. A. SQUIBB's URINOMETER AND JAR. 5. SECTION of SAME. Urinometric (ze-rin-o-met/-rić) [urina, urine; uérpov, measure]. Pertaining to urinometry. Urinometry (u-rin-om/-et-re) [urina, urine; uérpov, measure]. The determination of the specific gravity of the urine by the urinometer. Urinoscopic (u-rin-o-skop/-ä) [urina, urine; ozoiréiv, to view.J. Pertaining to the inspection of the urine. Urinoscopy (u-rin-osſ-ko-pe). See Uroscopy. Urinose (u/-rin-52). Same as Urinous. Urinous (u/-rin-us) [urina, urine]. Having the nature of urine. Urite (u/-rit) [oipá, tail]. In biology, the ventral sec. tion of an arthropodan uromere. Uritis (u-ri'-tis) ſurere, to burn; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation following a burn. Urning (urn/-ing)[0úpavóg, the Greek personification of heaven]. A homo-sexual individual; a pervert in whom the desire is only for individuals of the same sex. Uro- (w/-ro-) [oipov, urine]. As a prefix, denotes connection with or relation to the urine, uric acid, or a urate. - Uro-acidimeter (u-ro-as-id-im/-et-er) [oipov, urine; acidum, acid; puérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the acidity of urine. Urobacillus (u-ro-bas-il/-us) [oipov, urine; bacillum, a rod]. A bacillus derived from decomposed urine. There are several varieties. See Bacteria, Table of Urobenzoic Acid (u-ro-bem-zo'-i}). Synonymous with Aſippuric Acid, Q. v. . Urobilin (u - ro - biſ/- in) ſoipov, urine; bilis, bile], A derivative of bilirubin. It yellowish-brown, amorphous pigment, almost insoluble in water. It is the principal pigment of the urine, and is increased in the deeply colored urine of febrile and other conditions. U., Pathologic, the excessive coloring-matter of certain dark urines occurring in various diseases, as pernicious anemia, febrile diseases, etc. See Urine, Colors of Urobilinoidin (u-ro-bil-in-oid/-īn) [oipov, urine; bile]. A form of urinary pigment derived from hematin and resembling urobilin, though not identical with it. It occurs in certain pathologic conditions. Urobilinuria (u-ro-biſ-in-u/-re-ah) [oipov, urine; bilis, bile; otpov, urine]. The presence of an abnormally large proportion of urobilin in the urine. is a Cs2H to N.O. e UROBUTYLCHLORALIC ACID Urobutylchloralic Acid (ze-ro-bu-til-Álo-ra/-i}) [oipov, urine, butyl, 2%apóg, green]. A body obtained from the urine after the ingestion of butyl-chloral. - Urocanic Acid (u-ro-kan/-i}) [oipov, urine; canis, dog], CaFIs N.O.--2H2O. An acid found in the urine of dogs when there is a diminution in the amount of urea. By heating to 212° C. it is decomposed into carbonic acid, water, and a base, Urocanin, CuPilo- N.O. Urocanin (u-ro-kan/-in). See Crocanic Acid. Urocardiac (u-ro-kar/-de-ak) [oipá, tail; kapóta, the heart]. Of or pertaining to the caudal part of the cardiac division of the stomach of certain crustaceans. Urocele (u/-ro-sel) [oipov, urine; khºm, a tumor]. A tumefaction of the scrotum, arising from an effusion of urine into its cavity or into the areolar tissue. Urocelia, Urocoelia (u - ro-se/- le - ah) [oipov, urine; Kothia, belly]. Swelling of the abdomen from infiltra- tion of urine. - Urocheras (u-rok'-er-as) [oipov, urine; Xepáç, sand]. The sabulous matter deposited from standing urine. Urochesia (u-ro-Ae/-ze-ah) [oipov, urine; 2.Éetv, to de- fecate]. The discharge of urine per anum. Urochord (u/-ro-kord) [oëpov, urine; xopóñ, chord]. The caudal notochord of an ascidian or tunicate. Urochrome (u/-ro-Arām) ſoipov, urine; Apóga, color]. One of the coloring-matters of the urine. Exposed to the air, the watery solution oxidizes, forming Oroerythin. Uroclepsia (u-ro - Alep/-se-ah) [oëpov, urine; KAelbia, theft]. Micturition of which one is unconscious. Urocrisis (u-rok'-ris-is) [oipov, urine; Kpiotç, a separat- ing]. A crisis of disease attended with excessive urina- tion. Also, diagnosis by examination of the urine. Urocyanosis (u-ro-si-am-o/-sis) [oipov, urine; kūavoc, blue]. Blue discoloration of the urine, due to the presence of indican. Urocyst, Urocystis (u/- ro-sist, u - ro-sist/- is) [oipov, urine; Küorig, bladder]. The urinary bladder. Urocystic (u-ro-sis/-tié) [oipov, urine; Küotic, bladder]. Pertaining to the urocyst; vesical. Urocystitis (u-ro-sis-ti’-ſis) [oëpov, urine ; Küotic, blad- der]. Inflammation of the urinary bladder; cystitis. Urodela (u - rod/-el-ah). amphibia, salamanders, etc. Urodialysis (u-ro-di-al/-is-is) [oupov, urine; 6tážvaig, a cessation]. The partial and temporary cessation of the secretion of urine by the kidneys concomitant with many acute diseases. U. neonatorum, retarded secretion of urine in the newborn. Urodochium (u-ro-do-ki/-um) [oipov, urine; dozelov, receptacle]. A urinal. Urodynia (u-ro-dim/-e-ah) [oipov, urine; 6divm, pain]. Painful micturition. Uroedema (u-re-deſ-mah). See Uredema. Uroerythrin (u-ro-er/-ith-rin) [oipov, urine; Épv6póg, red]. A urinary pigment of which but little is known. It is the coloring-matter of certain pink urinary de- posits, and is probably present in highly colored urine of rheumatic diseases. It is an amorphous, reddish substance, with an acid reaction, slowly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. See Purpurin, Urofuscohematin (u - ro-fus-Ao - hem/- at - in) [oipov, urine; ſuscus, dark; alpa, blood]. A red pigment of the urine, derived from hematin. Urogaster(w/-ro-'gas-ter)[oipov, urine; Yaotºp, stomach]. The urinary intestine, or urinary passages collec- tively, which are developed from the original cavity of the allantois in connection with the primitive in- testinal tract. Urogastric (u-ro -gas/-trik) [oipov, urine; Yaothp, stomach]. Pertaining to the urogaster. 1581 A term applied to the tailed . Uromere (u/-ro-mer) [oipá, tail; uépoc, part]. UROPODAL Urogenital (u-ro-jen/-it-al) [oipov, urine; yewvāv, to produce]. Pertaining conjointly to the urinary and genital organs. U. Sinus, the anterior part of the cloaca, into which the Müllerian ducts open. Urogenous (u - roy/- en - us) [oipov, urine; yewvāv, to produce]. Producing urine. Uroglaucin (u - ro-glazº/- sin) ſolipov, urine; y?avkóg, green]. A decomposition-product of indican; it is called also cyanurin, urocyanin, and indigotin. Urogravimeter (u - ro-grav- im/-et-er). See Crim- oyſgefe?". Urohematin (u-ro-hem/-at-in). Altered hematin in the urine. Urohematoporphyrin (u-ro-hem-at-o-por’-ſir-in)[oipov, urine; alpa, blood; Tópºupog, purple]. Same as Crohematin. It is a urinary pigment occasionally oc- curring in certain pathologic urines, as of acute rheuma tism, Addison’s disease, etc. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Urohyal (u-ro-hiſ-al) [oipov, urine; ioetóñc, hyoid]. In biology, the tail-piece of the composite hyoid bone. Uroleucic Acid (u-ro-lu'-sik). See Acid. Uroleucinic Acid (u-ro-lu-sin/-ić) [oipov, urine; Aevkóg, white]. A substance found by Kirk in a specimen of urine. It is trioxyphenylpropionic acid. Urolith (w/-ro-lith) [oipov, urine; Atbog, a stone]. A urinary calculus. Urolithiasis (u-ro-lith-i/-as-is) ſolipov, urine; Atbiagic, lithiasis]. That condition of the body which favors, or is characterized by, the formation of urinary calculi. Urolithic (u-ro-lith/-ié) [oipov, urine; Affog, stone]. Pertaining to or having the nature of urinary cal- culus. Urolithotomy (u-ro-lith-ot/-o-me). See Lithotomy. Urologic (u-ro-lo/-i}) [oipov, urine; 26)'oc, science]. Pertaining to urology. Urologist (u-ro/-o-fist) [oipov, urine; 26 yog, science]. One versed in urology. Urology (te-ro/-o-je) [oipov, urine; %yog, science]. The scientific study of the urine. Uromancy (w/-ro-man-se) [oipov, urine; uavreia, divin- ation]. Diagnosis or prognosis by observation of the llr II] e. Uromelanin (u-ro-me!’-an-in) [oipov, urine; melanin]. A black pigment found in the urine. It is probably derived from the decomposition of urochrome. Uromelus (t-rom/-e-ſus) [otpá, tail; ué%og, limb]. A single autositic monster of the species symelus, in which there is more or less complete fusion of the limbs, with but a single foot. In bi- ology, one of the abdominal segments of an arthropod. Uromeric (re-ro-'zer/-ä) [otpá, tail; uépoc, part]. Per- taining to a uromere. Urometer (u-rom/-et-er). See Urinometer. Uroncus (u-rong’-kus) [oipov, urine; 6ykoç, tumor]. A tumor containing urine. Uronephrosis (u-ro-meſºro’-sis). See Hydronephrosis. Urophaein (u-ro-fe/-in) [oipov, urine; patóg, gray]. A pigment-body to which the characteristic odor of the urine has been ascribed. Urophthisis (u-roff’-this-is) ſolipov, urine; p?iotç, wash- ing]. Synonym of Diabetes mellitus. Uropittin (u-ºo-pit/-in) ſoipov, urine], C, HoN,O,. A derivative of urochrome. Uroplania (te-ro-pla/-ne-ah) ſolipov, urine ; Tržávn, wan- dering]. The abnormal appearance of urine in other than the urinary organs. , Uropod (we’-ro-pod) [otpá, tail; Troöc, foot]. In bio- logy, one of the abdominal limbs of an arthropod. Uropodal (u-ropſ-o-dal) [otpá, tail; Troöc, foot]. Per- taining to uropods. UROPOIESIS Uropoiesis (u-ro-poi-e'-sis) [oipov, urine; trotéew, to make]. The secretion of the urine by the kidneys. Uropoietic (u-ro-poi-et/-i}) [oipov, urine; trouéeiv, to make]. Concerned in uropoiesis; uriniparous. Uropsammus (u-rop-sam/-us) [oipov, urine; páupoç, Sand]. Urinary sand, or gravel. Uropygial (u-ro-pi/-e-al) [oipotöylov, rumpj. taining to the Uropygium. Uropygii, Glandula. The uropygial gland of a bird. See G/anza’. Uropygium (u-ro-pij/-e-um) ſoupé, tail; Tvy#, rump : £/., Üropygia]. In biology, the rump. Uropyloric (24-7-0-??-lor/-ić) [oupa, tail; Tvåøpóç, a gate- keeper]. In biology, of or pertaining to the posterior portion of the pyloric division of the stomach of cer- tain Crustaceans. Urorhodin (u-ro-ro'-din) [oipov, urine; 666ov, rose]. A red pigmentary deposit found in urine and derived by alteration from uroxanthin. Urorosein (u-ro-ro/-ze-in) ſolipov, urine; rosein]. A rose-colored pigment found in the urine in various diseases. Urorrhagia (ze-ror-a/-je-ah) [oipov, urine; 6myvíval, to burst forth]. Excessive secretion and discharge of ll r1 [162. Urorrhea (u-ror-e'-ah) [oipov, urine; bota, a flow]. I. The ordinary, normal flow of the urine. 2. The in- voluntary passage of urine. Urorubin (u-ro-ru/-bin) [oipov, urine; rubus, red]. A red urinary pigment. Urorubrohematin (u-ro-ru-bro-hem/-at- in ) [oipov, urine ; rubrum, red; alpia, blood]. A urinary pigment obtained from the urine of leprous patients. Urosacral (zz-ro-sa/-Aral) [oupá, the tail; sacrum, sacrum]. Pertaining to the tail and the sacrum. Uroscheocele (u-rosſ-ke-o-sel). See Uroceſe. Uroschesis (u-rosſ-Åes-is) [oipov, urine; oxéaug, reten- tion]. Suppression of urine. Uroscopic (at-ro-séop/-ić). Same as Urinoscopic. Uroscopist (ze-ros/-/o-pist) [oipov, urine; orcorreiv, to view]. One who makes a specialty of urinary exami- nations. Uroscopy (u-rosſ-ko-fºe) [oipov, urine; okotreiv, to ex- amine]. Examination and analysis of the urine. Urosepsis (u-ro-se/-sis) [oipov, urine; offipug, sepsis]. The condition of intoxication due to the extravasation of urine. Uroseptic (at-ro-sep/-fi/%) [oipov, urine; offipug, sepsis]. Relating to or characterized by urosepsis. Urosis (ze-ro’-sis) [oipov, urine; v6oog, disease ; pl. , Croses]. In pathology, any disease of the urinary organs. Urosomatic (u-ro-so-mat/-i}) [oipá, tail; Göua, body]. Pertaining to the urosome. Urosome (w/-ro-såm) ſoupá, tail; oãua, body]. In bi- ology: (a) The last segment of the tail of a vertebrate; (b) the abdomen or post-abdomen of an arthropod. Urosomite (zz-ro-so’-mit). Same as Uromere. Urosomitic (u-ro-so-writ/-i}) [oupá, tail; aſjua, body]. Pertaining to a urosomite. Urospasm (u/-ro-Spazm)[6üpov, urine; OTaoplóg, spasm]. Spasm of some part of the urinary tract. Urostealith (u-ro-ste/-a/-ith) ſolipov, urine ; oréap, fat; Žitoc, stone]. A fatty or saponaceous matter occurring in some urinary calculi. Per- IJrostegal (u/-ro-ste-gal) [otpá, tail; oréym, a roof|. . Pertaining to the urosteges. Urostege (u/-ro-stey') [oipá, tail; oréym, a roof]... In biology, one of the large scales on the ventral side of the tail of a snake. Cf. Gastrostege. Urostegite (u/-ro-ste-fit) [otpá, tail; oréym, roof J. One of the urosteges, or urostegal scales. 1582 URTICARIA Urosteon (u-rosſ-te-on) [oipá, tail; botéov, bone]. In biology, the caudal portion of the sternum of certain birds, having a separate center of ossification. Urosternite (ze-ro-ster/-nié) [oupá, tail; otépmov, ster- num l. The sternite, or ventral median sclerite, of any somite of the urosome of an arthropod. Urosthene (u/-ros-them) ſoupá, tail; offévoc, strength]. In biology, an animal possessing an unusual develop- ment of the tail. - Urosthenic (u-ro-sthen/-ić)[oipá, tail; offévoc, strength]. Strong in the tail. Urostylar (u-ro-sti'-lar) [oipá, tail; orižoc, column]. Pertaining to a urostyle. - Urostyle (u/-ros-til) [oipá, tail; GrüWog, column]. In biology, the elongated terminal vertebra of the spinal column of certain animals, as the os coccygis of the frog. - Urotheobromin (u-ro-the-o-bro/-min). See Paraxam- Žh???. - Urotoxic (u-ro-toks/-i}) [oipov, urine; Toštkóv, poison]. Pertaining to poisonous substances eliminated in the Ull II, 6. Urotoxy (u/-ro-toks-e) [oipov, urine; tośikóv, poison]. A term invented by Bouchard to denote the standard of toxicity of urine necessary to kill a kilogram of liv- ing substance. Urous (u/-rus) [oipov, urine]. Having the nature of Ulr1116. - Uroxanthin (u-ro-zam/-thin) [oipov, urine; £av66c, yellow]. Indigogen. A pigmentary substance occur- ring normally in human urine. Its secretion is enor- mously increased in the first stage of cholera and in certain affections of the liver and of the myelon. Uroxin (u-roës/-īn) [oipov, urine; 6;üç, sharp]. as Alloxantin. - Urrhodin (ur-rod/-in) [oipov, urine; héðwoc, rosy]. A red, purple, or violet urinary pigment, derived from uroxanthin. Urrhosacin (ur-o/-sas-in). See Urrhodin. Ursone (ur/-sàn). See Ericolin. Urtica (ur/-tić-ah) [L. : gem., Ürtica]. apetalous plants including the nettles. Aomphus. Urtical (ur/-täk-al) [urtica, nettle]. Belonging to the nettles. Urticaria (ur-tić-a/-re-ah) [urtica, a nettle]. AWettle- rash ; Cnidosis; Hives; an inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by the development of wheals, which give rise to subjective sensations of burning and itching. These appear suddenly in large or small numbers, remain for from a few minutes to several hours, and disappear as suddenly as they came, leaving no trace behind. The disease may be acute or chronic, and due to various agencies acting upon the vaso-motor sys- tem, such as gastro-intestinal disorders, intestinal worms, the ingestion of shell-fish, etc. U. acuta, an acute form often associated with fever of IoI–2° F. (U. febriſis). The pulse is quick, and there are marked signs of gastric irritation, with headache and prostra- tion. The eruption may not appear for a day or two, and then comes out copiously all over. It disappears rapidly after removal of the cause of gastric irritation. U. bullosa, an exaggerated form of U. vesicans. U. chronica, a term referring to the duration of the dis- ease as a whole, and not to that of the successive crops of wheals individually. The disease may last for an indefinite period. U. conferta, a form in which the lesions occur in groups. U. endemica, an irritative cutaneous eruption occurring in some districts, nota- bly the Kahlberger Schweiz, and caused by the pro- cession caterpillars, particularly the species Cnetho- campa. The eruption is papular and wheal-like in Same A genus of See AVettle and URTICARIAL character, and is accompanied by intolerable itching. It is usually seen on the flexor surfaces of the extremi- ties, but may appear on any part of the body, also on the mucous membranes. Domestic animals are also subject to the affection. The poisonous agent secreted by these insects is formic acid. Their influence is said to be either mechanical or chemical, and it is even said that contact is not necessary to its pro- duction. U. evanida, a variety in which there is a rapid disappearance of the symptoms. U. factitia, Dermographia, Autographism, Dermograph- ism, the form produced in individuals with an irri- table skin by any slight external irritation. U. fe- brilis. See U. acuta. U. gigans. See U. tuberosa. U. haemorrhagica, Purpura zerticans, hemorrhage into the urticarial wheals from rupture of the extremely congested capillaries. U. medicamentosa, that variety resulting from the use of certain drugs. U., Nervous. Synonym of U factitia. U. oedema- tosa, Giant Urticaria, a variety characterized by the sudden appearance of large, soft, edematous swell- ings of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which may measure several inches in diameter. pecially prone to develop about the eyelids, but may also attack the trunk and limbs in the neighbor- hood of the joints. A sense of tension is all that is complained of. If the mucous membrane of the throat and larynx is involved the symptoms are alarming but not dangerous. A variety of this is the so-called Quincée's Disease, or acute circumscribed edema, in which the orbital tissue or the tissue of other parts of the face may swell up into a large tumor, orthere may be a large, ill-defined swelling of a considerable portion of the limb or other part of the body from subcu- taneous edema (O. subcutanea). It is generally limited to the loins and thighs. U. papulosa, Zichen zurti- catus, a form occurring in children, in which, as a re- sult of the inflammatory effusion, a small, solid papule remains after the subsidence of the wheal. It is most abundant about the loins and buttocks, but may appear on any other part of the body. It is often associated with irregular, flat, scabbed pustular lesions. U. pig- mentosa, xanthelasmoidea, a rare type of urticaria, which begins within the first few months of life. It consists of large, reddish, wheal-like tubercles that eventually change to a brownish-red or yellowish color. Itching may or may not be present. The dis- ease runs a protracted course, but tends to spon- taneous recovery at puberty. It is most abundant on the neck and trunk, next upon the limbs, face, and head, and is only occasionally present on the palms and soles. Boys are commonly affected. U., Provoked. Synonym of U factitia. U. subcutanea. See O. a dematosa. U. toxica, that due to certain ar- ticles of food. U. tuberosa, O. gigans, a form in which the wheals assume a tuberous form and become very large, as big as a walnut, hen's egg, or even larger. The lesions are few in number, and the disease occurs mainly in persons with broken-down constitutions, beyond middle age. See Angio-neurotic edema. U. vesicans, excessive serous effusion into the center of the wheals, producing vesicles. U. vesiculosa. Same as U. papulosa. - Urticarial, Urticarious (ur-tié-a/-re-al, ur-tiâ-a/-re-us) [urticaria, nettle-rash]. Pertaining to urticaria. Urticate (ur/-tić-āt) [urticare, to sting]. To sting like a nettle. Urtication (ur-tié-a/-shun) [urticatio , urtica, nettle]. Flagellation with nettles, a method of treatment formerly employed in paralysis, and also to produce irritation; also, a sensation as if one has been stung with nettles. 1583 These are es- UTEROMANIA Usage (u/-sāj) [usus, use]. Any common habit, cus- tom, or manner. Uschinsky’s Solutions. Non-albuminous culture- media for the cultivation of pathogenic bacteria, especially. Uschinsky suggests the following two mix- tures: (a) Water IOOO, glycerin 40–50, sodium chlorid 5–7, calcium chlorid O.I., magnesium sulphate O.2, dipotassic phosphate I.O, ammonium lactate IO.O. (b) Water IOOO, glycerin 30–40, calcium chlorid O.I., sodium chlorid 5–7, magnesium sulphate O.2—O.4, dipotassic phosphate 2–2.5, ammonium lactate 6–7, Sodium asparaginate 3.4. Usquebaugh (us/-AEwe-baw) [Irish]. A strong cordial made in Ireland. It furnishes the name from which the word whiskey is derived. Ustilaginous (us - £iſ- ay/- in - us) [ustilago, ustilago]. Affected with ustilago; Smutty. Ustilago (us-til-a/-go) [L.: gem., Ustilaginis]. A genus of parasitic fungi ; the Smuts. U. maydis, Corn- smut, a fungus parasitic upon maize or Indian corn, Zea Mays. In medicinal properties, it resembles nux vomica and ergot of rye combined, but it is rarely employed. U., Ext., Fld., unof. Dose XV— 2 i. *- Ustion (us/-chun) [ustio, urere, to burn]. A burning. In chemistry, incineration. In surgery, cauteriza- tion. Ustulation (us-fu-la/-shun) [ustulatio]. The roasting, drying, or parching of a drug as a step in preparing it for use. * Ustus (us/-tus) [urere, to burn]. Calcined. Dehy- drated by intense heat. Uterectomy. Same as Hysterectomy. Uteri, Adscensus (u/-ter-i-ad-sen'-sus). Aſysteria. Uterine (u/-ter-in) [uterinus]. Pertaining to the uterus. U. Anteflexion, and Anteversion. See Cºerus. U. Appendages, the ovaries and oviducts. U. Gestation, the period of time between conception and delivery ; the development of the product ºf con- ception within the cavity of the uterus. U. Inertia. See Uterus. U. Inversion. See Úterus. U. In- volution. See Uterzas. U. Milk : I. A fluid between the villi of the placenta in the cow. 2. The small quantity of albuminous fluid contained in the small spaces between the epithelial covering of the villi of the chorion and the crypts or depressions in the de- cidua. U. Pregnancy, normal pregnancy. U. Segments. See Contraction-ring. U. Souffle, a vascular sound heard on auscultation through the ab- dominal wall between the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy. See Placental Murmur. Uteritis (u-ter-i/- fis) [uterus, uterus; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the womb. See Metritis. Utero- (uſ-ter-o-) [uterus, uterus]. A prefix to denote connection with or relation to the womb. Utero-abdominal (u-ter-o-ab-dom/-in-a/). conjointly to the uterus and the abdomen. Uterocopulatory (u-fer-o-Kop/-u-la-tor-e)[uterus, uterus; copulate]. Vaginal or copulatory, as certain sexual passages of hermaphrodite gasteropods. Uterodeferent (u-fer-o-def’-er-ent) [uterus, uterus; de- ferent). Oviducal or deferent, as certain sexual pas- sages of hermaphrodite gasteropods. - Utero-fixation (u-fer-o-fićs-aſ-shun). Hysteropexia, or abdominal fixation of the uterus by surgical oper- ation. Utero-gestation (u-ter-o-jes-ta/-shun) [uterus, uterus; gestatio, gestation]. The uterine period of gesta- tion; pregnancy; gestation within the cavity of the Ulterus. Uteromania (u-ter-o-ma/-ne-ah). Synonym for Pertaining See Aymphomania. UTEROMETER 1584 Uterometer (u-fer-om/-et-er) [uterus, uterus; uérpov, measure]. An instrument used to accurately deter- mine the depth and position of the uterus and to locate and estimate the dimensions of structures therein contained. Utero-ovarian (u-fer-o-o-va/- re-am) [uterus, uterus; ozarium, ovary]. Pertaining conjointly to the uterus and the ovaries. Uteropexia, Uteropexy (u - ter-o- pećs/-e-a/, u/-ter-o-peks - e). See Aſysteroperia. Uteroscope (u'-ter-o-Séop) [uterus, uterus; okoteiv, to inspect J. A uterine speculum. Uterotome (u/-ter-o-tom) [uterus, uterus; Touñ, a cutting]. A cutting instrument used in uterotomy. See Aſysterotome. Uterotomy (u-ter-of/-o-me) [uterus, uterus; Tépivetv, to cut]. Incision into the uterus. See Hysterotomy. Uterus (u/-ter-us) [L. : gen., Üteri J. UTERUS a slight depression or constriction upon the ectal sur- face of the uterus separating the body from the cervix. U. masculinus, the little passage formed by the sinus pocularis in the substance of the prostate. It is so called from its resemblance in structure to the female uterus. See Prostatic Vesicle. U., Neck of, same as U., Cervix of U., One-horned, an arrest of devel- The womb ; the organ of gestation; DORSAL ASPECT of FEMALE INTERNAL GENITALIA. it receives the fecundated ovum in 1. Body of uterus. 2, 2. Ovaries. 3. Left oviduct. 4. Fimbriated extremity of its cavity, retaining and Supporting it oviduct. 5, 5. Broad ligaments. 6. Ventral vaginal cul-de-sac. during the development of the fetus, and becoming the principal agent in its expulsion during parturition. The uterus in the non-gravid state in the human subject is a hollow, pear-shaped, muscular organ, three inches long, two inches wide, and one inch thick, and is divided into three por- tions, the fundus, the body, and the cervix. The fundus is the upper and broad portion; the body gradually narrows to the neck, which is the contracted portion. The mesal orifice, os atteri, communicates with the vagina. The ental surface is covered with mucosa continuous with that of the vagina. The ectal surface of the fundus and body is covered with perito- neum. The whole organ is suspended in the pelvis by means of the broad ligament. Its cavity measures two and a half inches in length. The Fallopian tubes enter one on either side of the fundus at the cornua of the organ. U., Anteflexion of. See Andeſlexion. U., Anteversion of. See Antezersion. U., Arbor vitae of, branch-like elevation of the mucous membrane of the cervix. U. bicornis, when, from arrested de- velopment, the uterus is divided into two horns or compartments. U., Body of, that part above the isthmus. U., Cervix of, that part below the isthmus. U., Columns of, the ridges or elevations of the mu- cous membrane of the cervix from which extend the branches that with three columnar central axes are called the arbor vitae. U., Contraction of, the intermittent contractile action of the uterus whereby the fetus is expelled. U. cordiformis, an arrest of development, as a result of which the uterus is heart-shaped, or with a depression in the fundus. U., Corpus of. See U., Aody of U. duplex, a double uterus from an arrest of development. U., Fundus of, the portion above a line drawn from one oviduct to the other. U., Gravid, a uterus containing a fecundated ovum. U., Hour-glass Contraction of, the formation of two distinct cavities of the body and neck, the narrowed internal os marking the boundary between them. U., Impregnated. See U., Gravid. U., Incarceration of, strangulation by pressure or constriction. U., In- ertia of, deficiency of uterine contractions in labor. U., Infantile, a uterus normally formed, but arrested in development. U., Inversion of, the organ is “upside-down, and wrong-side out.” U., Involution of, the process whereby the uterus is reduced to its normal size and weight after labor. U., Isthmus of, opment resulting in a uterus composed of a single lateral half, usually with but one oviduct. Uteri, Os Externum, the external mouth or opening of the uterus into the vagina. U., Os Internum, the internal an- atomic limit between the body and the cervix of the uterus. Plicae palmatae, the radiate branchings of the arbor vitae from the central axis. U., Procidentia of, protrusion of the uterus from the vulvar orifice. zº - --~ * ^ XXXII-i-TS S PR E S E N T A TI O N OF T H E CH A N G E S IN P.O S I T I O N OF THE U T E R U S D U R IN G .G E S T A T I O N.—The numerals indicate in weeks the height of ... " - * * . , - * the fundus uteri. The italic figures indicate respectively, also in weeks, the ab- dominal enlargement and position of cervix uteri. (Aſter Schultze.) - U., Prolapse of, falling of the uterus, but without protruding from the vulvar orifice. U., Puerperal Atrophy of, the rare condition of super-involution of the uterus produced when puerperal involution goes further than to restore the uterus to the size that it had before delivery. The organ may become infantile in JTPADEL size. U., Retraction of, the constant property of the uterus that tends to keep the uterine walls in appo- sition. U., Retroflexion of, a bending of the pos- terior uterine surface upon itself. U., Retroversion of, when the fundus is so posteriorly displaced that the axis of the body forms an obtuse angle with the axis of the pelvic inlet. U., Souffle of See Uterine. U. unicornis. See U., One-horned. Utpadel, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. .* Utricle (u/-trik-/) [utriculus, dim. of uter, a small bag]. Any minute cell or vesicle; a membranous sac. Also, a depression, the sinus pocularis, between the ejacu- latory ducts. Also, a cavity communicating with the semicircular canals of the ear. See A rostatic Vesicle. Utricular (u-trik/-u-lar) [utricularis]. Relating to the utricle. Resembling a small bag or bottle. Utricularia (u-trik-u-la/-re-ah) [utriculus, a bag). A genus of aquatic plants of some I60 species, of wide distribution ; the bladderworts. They are classed as insectivorous plants; their bladder-like leaves imprison insects, crustaceans, and worms. The fresh plants are said to make a good application for burns and wounds. Some species have diuretic properties. Unof. Utriculate (u-trik/-u-lat) [utriculus, a little bag]. Having a utricle. Utricule (u/-trik-ill) [utriculus ; pl., Utricules]. A utricle. Utricules of Miescher. See Sarcocystis miescheri, Lankester, under Parasites (Animal), Zable of. Utriculiferous (u-trik-u-lif'-er-us)[utriculus, a utricle; ferre, to bear]. In biology, bearing or producing utricles or bladders. Utriculiform (u-trik/-u-liform) [utriculus, a little bag; forma, form]. Like a utricle; utricular. Utriculoid (u-trik/-u - loid) [utriculus, a little bag; eiðog, like]. Same as Utriculiform. Utriculose (u-trik/-u-lóz) [utriculus, a utricle]. Same as Utricular. Utriculus (w-trik/-u-lus) [L.]. I. A utricle, g. v. 2. Same as Vesicula prostatica. U. hominis, U. masculinus, U. prostaticus, U. urethrae. Same as Sinzas pocularis. Uva (u/-vah) [uva, a grape, a cluster of grapes]. In biology, a succulent indehiscent fruit having a central placenta. U. ursi, bearberry. The leaves of Arc- tostaphylos zava ursi. It contains gallic and tannic acids, arbutin (resolvable into hydroquinone) and other 1585 UVULOTOMY extractives; it is astringent, tonic, and diuretic. It was formerly much employed in calculous disorders of the bladder. Dose gr. x–3 j. U., Ext., Fld. Dose mux–3.j U., Infusio (B.P.), 3.j-Oj. Dose 3.j– ij. Arbutin, the glucosid. Unof. Dose gr. iij–v. Uvae (4/-ve) [uva, a grape]. Raisins. The ripe fruit of Pºtis vinifera, imported from Spain; official in the B. P. They are contained in Tinctura carda- momi composića and Tinctura semmae. U. passae majores, ordinary raisins. U. passae minores, Corinth raisins, or true currants. Uvea (4/-we-ah) [L., a grape, from the resemblance to its color]. Also called the Užea/tract. The choroid membrane or vascular tunic as a whole, especially the iris and ciliary body. See Antiris. Uveal (w/-ve-a!) [uvea, a grape]. UIVea. Uveitis (u-we-i/-tis). See Iritis. Uveous (u/-ve-us). Same as Užeal. Uvitic Acid (u-viº/-ić). See Acid. Uvula (4/-vu-/a/.). [L]. The conic membranous ap- pendix hanging from the free edge of the palate. U. cerebelli, a small lobule of the postvermis of the cere- bellum. U. of Lieutaud. See Zieutaud. U.- twitch, an expedient for keeping the uvula forward in posterior rhinoscopy. U., Vesical, a prominence at the internal or external orifice of the urethra. Uvulaptosis (u-vu-lap-to/-sis) [uvula, uvula; Trôatc, falling]. A relaxed and pendulous condition of the uvula. Uvular (uſ-vu-lar) [uvularis]. Pertaining to the uvula. Uvularia (u-vu-la/-re-ah) [uvula, the soft palate]. A genus of liliaceous plants. U. perfoliata, of N. America, is demulcent, tonic, and nervine; useful in the treatment of sore mouth. U. latifolia and U. flava have similar uses. Unof. Pertaining to the Uvularis (4-vu-la/-ris) [uvula, uvula]. The azygos uvulae muscle. See Muscles, Zable of Uvulatome (uſ-vu-la/-äm) [uvula, uvula; touff, cut. ting]. A cutting instrument used in performing uvulat- omy. Uvulatomy (al-zu-la/-o-me) [uvula, uvula; touff, sec- tion]; Excision of the uvula. See Staphy/otom-v. Uvulitis (u-vee-li’-tis) [uvula, uvula; trug, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the uvula. Uvuloptosis (u-vu-(o-to/-sis). Same as Üvulaptosis. Uvulotomy (u-vu-lvt/-o-me). See Uvulatomy. ICO V. Abbreviation of Vision, or Acuity of Vision. the symbol of Vamadium. Vaccigenous(va/4-sty’-en-us) [vaccinus, of a cow; yewvāv, to produce]. Producing or cultivating vaccine-virus. Vaccin (važ/-sin) [vacca, a cow]. See Vaccine. Vaccina (vak-si'-mah). Same as Vaccinia. Vaccinable (va/- sin - a - b/) [vaccinus, of a cow]. Susceptible of successful vaccination. Vaccinal (važ/-sin-a/) [vacca, a cow]. Pertaining to VaCClnation Or to VaCCine. Vaccinate (va/-sin-āt) [vaccinare, to vaccinate]. To inoculate with vaccine-virus in such a way as to pro- duce cowpox. Vaccination (vak - sin -a/- shun) [vacca, a cow]. In- oculation of the body with the virus of a pustular disease of bovidae, called cowpox, in order to protect from or modify the virulence of smallpox. V., Ani- mal. See V., Bovime. V., Arm-to-arm, that method of vaccination in which the virus is carried from the arm of one patient to that of another. V., Bovine, that practised by the aid of vaccine-lymph cultivated in bovine animals. V., Compulsory, the law compelling the vaccination of infants within a certain period after birth. V.-rash, a rash sometimes following vaccina- tion ; it is usually transitory but sometimes assumes an eczematous or erythematous form. It may also be syphilitic. V.-syphilis. See Vaccino-syphilis. Vaccinationist (vak - sin -a/- shun - isé) [vaccinare, to vaccinate]. One who depends upon or believes in the efficacy of vaccination as a preventive of smallpox. Vaccinator (važ/-sin-a-tor) [vaccinare, to vaccinate]. One who vaccinates; an instrument used in vaccinating. Vaccine (va/- sén) [vacca, cow]. The lymph occur- ring within the eruptive vesicle of cowpox. V., Bo- vine, that derived from the vesicles of heifers. V.- farm, a farm upon which vaccine-virus is systematically produced and collected. V., Humanized, that from vaccinal vesicles of man. V., Lichen, the most com- mon eruption consequent upon vaccination. It may be either papular, papulo-vesicular, or pustular, and very rarely bullous. It appears between the fourth and the eighteenth day, most frequently on the eighth; begins on the arms usually, though it may commence on the face, neck, or trunk, and appears in successive crops covering the greater portion of the body. The pap- ules are acuminate, pin's-point sized, and bright-red; usually discrete, but they may coalesce into patches. The rash lasts from a few days to a week or two. V.- lymph. See Vaccine. V.-point, a slip of quill or bone coated at one end with vaccine-lymph. V.-virus, the same prepared for use in vaccination. Vaccinella (vak-sin -el/-ah) [vacca, cow]. The sec- ondary eruption sometimes following cowpox ; spu- rious vaccinia; a Sore that sometimes follows vaccina- tion, but is not genuine cowpox. Vaccinia (vak-sin/-e-ah) [vacca, cow]. Cowpox. If the human subject be inoculated with cowpox, a small papule appears at the site of inoculation in from one to three days, which becomes a vesicle about the fifth day, and at the end of the first week is pustular, umbilicated, and surrounded by a red areola. Desiccation begins in the second week and a scab forms, which soon falls off, leaving a pitted cicatrix. Vaccinic (vak - sin/-ik) [vacca, cow]. vaccine, or to vaccinia. Vaccinifer (vak-sin/-iſ-er) [vaccinus, of a cow; ferre, to bear]. A person or animal from whom vaccine- virus is taken; a vaccine-point. Also, Pertaining to 86 WAGINA Vacciniform (vak-sin/-ºf-orm) [vaccinus, of a cow; forma, form]. Resembling vaccinia. Vacciniola (vak-sin-i/-o-lah) [dim. of vaccinia]. A secondary eruption, resembling, and sometimes follow- ing, vaccinia. It may closely resemble the eruption of Smallpox. Vaccinist (vak/-sin-ist) [vaccinus, of a cow]. A prac- tiser, or defender, of vaccination; one who believes in the efficacy of vaccination. - Vaccinium (vak-sin'-e-um) [vaccinus, of a cow]. A genus of ericaceous plants to which belong the cran- berry, blueberry, bilberry, etc., of many species. See Cranberry and Brousnika. V. crassifolium, a plant having therapeutic properties resembling those of uva ursi. It is useful in catarrhal inflammations of the urinary tract. Dose of the flá. ext. muzzX-3.j. Unof. Vaccinization (vak-sin-iz-a/-shun) [vaccinare, to vac- cinate]. Thorough vaccination by inoculations, re- peated frequently, with the view of establishing com- plete immunity to smallpox. Vaccinogen (vak-sin/-o-jen)[vaccinus, of a cow; yewvāv, to produce]. The person or animal from which, or from whom, vaccine-virus is taken. Vaccinogenous (vak-sin-oj/-en-us). See Vaccigenous. Vaccinoid (va/-sin-oid) [vaccinus, of a cow; eiðóg, like]. Resembling vaccinia. Vaccinophobia (vak-sin-o-fo/- be-a/.) [vaccinus, of a cow; jºgog, fear]. Morbid dread of vaccination. Vaccino-syphilis (vak-sin-o-sif/-il-is) [vaccinus, of a cow; syphilis, syphilis]. Syphilis conveyed by vac- cination. - Vacuolar (važ/-at-o-lar) [vacuolum, vacuum, vacuum]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a vacuole. Vacuolation (vak-u-o-la/-shun) [vacuolume, a vacuole]. The first stage in the process of vascularization of a clot, in which cracks and fissures appear in it. Ac- cording to W. Hunter, vacuolation appears in small clots as early as the tenth day. Vacuole (vak/-u-āl) [vacuum, an empty space]. In biology: (a) a vesicle in the protoplasm of a protozoön, either permanent or contractile (pulsating). It is some- times spoken of as gastric, from having in Some way a direct connection with the function of digestion; (b) the cavity in a plant-cell containing cell-sap. Vacuolization (va/-tt-o-liz-a/-shun) [vacuolum, vacu- ole]. The formation of vacuoles, such as sometimes takes place in diseased tissues. Vacuum (vak/-u-um) [L]. A space from which the air has been exhausted. V.-plate, in dentistry, a term applied to a plate on which artificial teeth are mounted, having an air-chamber to assist in its retention in the mouth. Vadum (va/-dum) [L., a shallow]. A shallow in the depths of any fissure of the brain, commonly in the central nearer the dorsal end. It represents a possible isthmus or complete interruption. Vagabonds’ Disease, or Discoloration. Parasitic Melanoderma, a pathologic, condition of the skin in which it takes on a deep-brown tint, resembling that of Addison's disease. It results from chronic irritation from pediculi. Vagal (va/-gal) [vagare, to wander]. Pertaining to the vagus nerve. - Vagina (va -fi/- mah) [L., a sheath]. The musculo- membranous canal extending from the vulval opening to the cervix uteri, the organ of copulation in the fe- male, the excretory canal for uterine secretions, and a part of the birth-canal. In biology, the term is ap- VAGINAL plied to various sheath-like structures, as the basal portion of certain leaves, or a portion of the mouth- apparatus of sucking insects, etc. V., Bulbs of, two erectile organs upon the lateral and anterior parts of the vagina. V., Columns of, two longitudinal eleva- tions of the mucous membrane, on the ventral and dorsal wall. V. cordis. See Pericardium. V., Cul-de-sacs of, four arches (anterior, posterior, right and left lateral) made by the junction of the vaginal walls with the uterus. V., Double, an anomaly of development consisting in a duplication of the vaginal canal. V. femoris. See Aascia lata. V., Fornix of, the combined cul-de-sacs of the vagina. V., Rugae of, transverse elevations of the mucous membrane branching from the columns. Vaginal (va/- in - al) [vaginalis]. Pertaining to the vagina. V. Process. See Process. V. Pulse. See Pulse. V. Respiration, the breathing of a child while its head is still in the vagina, a rare event. V. Tunic. See Złunica. V. Vault, the roof of the vagina surrounding the cervix uteri. It is divided into an anterior and a posterior portion. - Vaginalitis (vaj- in-al-i/-tis) [vaginalis, of a sheath; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tunica vagin- alis of the testicle; hydrocele. Vaginant (vaj/-in-ant) [vaginare, to sheathe]. Sheath- ing; vaginal. Vaginate (vaj/-in-āt) [vagina, sheath]. Sheathed. Vaginervose (vaj- in - ur/-vöz) [vagus, wandering; nervus, nerve]. In biology, irregularly nerved. Vaginicoline (vaj-in-iº/-o-lin) [vagina, vagina; colere, to inhabit]. Living in a vagina, as an animalcule. Vaginiferous (vaj-in-f/-er-us) [vagina, vagina; ferre, to bear]. Producing or bearing a vagina. Vaginigluteal (vaj- in-e-g/u/-te-al) [vagina, vagina; gluteus]. Pertaining to the vaginigluteus. Vaginigluteus, Vaginiglutaeus (waj - in - e -glu-te/-us) [vagina, sheath; glutacus]. The tensor vaginae femoris. See Muscles, Table of. - Vaginipennate (vaj-in-ip-en/-ät) [vagina, a sheath ; pennatus, winged]. In biology, having wing-covers or elytra, e. g., beetles. Vaginismus (vaj-in-iz/-mus) [vagina, sheath]. Pain, spasm, and hyperesthesia of the vagina and surrounding parts. V., Perineal, that due to spasm of the per- ineal muscles. V., Posterior, that due to spasm of the levator ani muscle. V., Vulvar, that due to spasm of the constrictor cunni. Vaginitis (vaj-in-i/-tis) [vagina, sheath; tric, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the walls of the vagina. V. adhaesiva, vaginitis with partial or complete atresia of the vagina. V., Diphtheric, diphtheria of the vagina. V., Granular, a granular inflammation of the vagina. Vagino- (vaj’-in-o-) [vagina, vagina]. A prefix to de- note relation to the vagina. Vaginodynia (vaj- in - o - din/- e - ah) [vagina, vagina; böövm, pain]. Pain in the vagina. In vaginodynia there is muscular contraction along the whole vaginal canal, whereas in vaginismus the contraction is merely at the introitus. Vaginofixation (vaj-in-o-ſiks-a/-shun) [vagina, sheath; fixation]. An operation whereby the vagina is ren- dered immovable. Vaginopennous (vaj-in-o-fem/-us) [vagina, vagina ; penna, feather]. Same as Vaginipennate. Vaginotomy (vaj-in-of/-o-me) [vagina, vagina ; Touff, section]. Incision of the vagina. Vaginovesical (vaj-in-o-ves/-īk-al). See Vesicovaginal. Vaginula (vaj-in/-u-lah) [L., dim. of vagina, sheath]. In biology, a diminutive sheath. Vaginulate (vaj-in/-u-lat) [vaginula, a small sheath]. Having a vaginula. 1587 VALEROLACTONE Vaginule (vaj/-in-à!) [vaginula, vaginule]. Same as Vaginula. Vagitus (vaji'-tus) [vagire, to cry]. The cry of an infant. V. uterinus, the cry of a child in utero. V. vaginalis. See Vaginal /čespiration. Vagotomy (va - go/- o - ºne) [vagus, vagus; Topff, Sec- tion]. Section of the vagus. Vagous (va/-gus) [vagare, to wander]. as the vagus nerve. Vagrant (va/-grant) [vagare, to wander]. Wandering, as a vagrant cell. V.s’ Disease, a discoloration of the skin occurring especially in elderly persons, who are of uncleanly habits and infested with vermin. This discoloration is often deepest on the chest, abdomen, and back, is superficial in nature, and the dark cuticle is harsh and raised, not soft and smooth. The con- dition may be mistaken for Addison’s disease. Vagus (va/-gus) [vagare, to wander]. See AVerves, Table of Valdivin (val/- div-in). An emetic principle derived from the fruit of Simaba valdivia. (See Simaba.) Unof. Valence (va/-lens) [valere, to be worth]. In chemistry, the relative saturating or combining capacity of an atom compared with the standard hydrogen atom ; the quality or force which determines the number of atoms with which any single atom will chemically unite. See Quantivalence. In biology, taxonomic or morpho- logic value. Valency (va/-len-se) [valere, to be worth]. Same as Valence, g. v. Also, a single unit of combining capacity. Thus, carbon has four valencies. Valentin’s Corpuscles. See Corpuscle. V.'s Gan- glion. See Ganglia, Table of. V.'s Pseudo-gan- glion. See Pseudo-ganglion. Valerate (zal/-er-at) [valere, to be strong]. Any salt of valeric acid. V. of Cerium, a salt useful in the vomiting of pregnancy. Dose gr. jSS. V. of Zinc. See Zizzc. Valerene (val/-er-en). See Amylene. Valerian (va - le/- re - am) [va'ere, to be strong]. A plant of the genus Valeriana. V., American. See Cypripedium. Wandering, Valeriana (va - le - re - an’- ah) [valere, to be worth : gen., Valerianae]. A genus of gamopetalous plants; valerian. The rhizome and rootlets of V. officinalis. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, which yields several derivatives. It is antispasmodic and gently stimulant to the nervous system and organs of circula- tion. In full doses it increases heart-action, producing exhilaration ; in toxic doses, diarrhea, vomiting, re- duced sensibility, and mental disturbance. It is excel- lent in hysteria, convulsions due to worms, the coma of typhus fever, and in whooping-cough. V., Abstr. Dose gr. v-xx. Unof. V., Ext., Fld. Dose lux-xxx. V., Infus. (B.P.) Dose 3 j-ij. V., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose 3 ss—ij. V., Tinct., Ammoniat., valerian 20, arom. spt. ammonia to IOO parts. Dose , 3 SS-ij. V., Ol., the volatile oil, Dose mij-v. To the same genus belong some 150 species, many of which have properties somewhat similar to those of the official plant. See, also, Ammonium, Zinc, Iron, and Quinin. Valerianate (va-leſ-re-an-āf) [valere, to be strong]. Same as Palerate. V. of Amyl. See Apple-oil. Valerianic Acid (va-le-re-an/-i}). See Acid, Paleric. Valeric Acid (va-leſ-rić). See Acid. Valerin (val/-er-in) [valere, to be strong]. A terpene obtained from Valerian. See Am.1//enze. Valerolactone (va-ler-o-lak/-ton) [valere, to be strong; lac, milk], C.H.O. A substance prepared by heating bromvaleric acid with water above IOO’C. It is a colorless liquid that does not solidify at 18° C., and that boils at 206° or 207° C. ; it is miscible with water. VALETUDINARIAN Valetudinarian (val-et-tº-din-a/-re-an)[valetudinarius; valetudo, health]. An invalid. Valetudinarium (va/-et-u-din-a/-re-um) [L.]. An in- firmary or hospital. [Old.] Valeur globulaire, of Lepine. The proportion of hemoglobin to the number of red corpuscles, expressed in terms of the amount of hemoglobin in an individual corpuscle. Valgus (va/-gus) [L.] I. A bow-legged man. 2. See Talipes. V., Nervous, valgus of neurotic origin. V., Paralytic, valgus caused by paralysis of the tibia- lis anticus. V., Spurious. Same as Splay-foot. Validirostral (val-id-ir-os/-tral) [validus, strong; ros- trum, beak]. In biology, furnished with a stout beak. Vallate (va/-ät) [vallum, rampart]. In anatomy, sur- rounded with a walled depression ; cupped. Vallecula (va/-eč/-u-lah) [valles, vale; pl., Valleculae]. In biology, a groove, depression, or furrow. A name applied to several slight furrows or pits of the body. Specifically, a deep mesal crevice of the cerebellum. V. cerebelli. See Valley of the Cerebellum. Vallecular (val-ek/-u-lar) [vallecula, a little furrow]. Pertaining to or resembling a vallecula. V. Canal, an intercellular canal in the stem of certain Equiseta- cea, opposite a groove on the surface. Valleculate (val-e/-u-lat) [vallecula, a little furrow]. Marked with valleculae. Valleix, Tender Points of. Certain painful points ob- served in intercostal neuralgia : (1) at the exit of the nerve from the spinal canal; (2) in the axillary region; (3) close to the sternum or in the epigastrium. See Points douloureux. Vallet’s Mass. See Ferruma. Valley of the Cerebellum. The depression dividing the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum. Valli-Ritter’s Law. See Zaw. Vallicula (val-iā/-u-la/l). See Vallecula. Vallum (val/-um) [L.]. In anatomy, the supercilium or eyebrow. Valonia (va-/o/-ne-ah) [Gr., 36%avoc, an acorn]. The commercial name for the acorn-cups of several species of oak (Quercus agilops and Q. macrolepis) coming from Asia Minor, Roumelia, and Greece. They are of a bright-drab color and contain 25 to 35 per cent. of a tannin somewhat resembling that of oak-bark, but giving a browner color and a heavier bloom. They are generally used in admixture with oak-bark, myrobalans, or mimosa-bark, because of themselves, they produce too brittle a leather. Valsalva’s Experiment, V.'s Method. In the nor- mal subject if the patient be directed to hold the nose tightly, shut his mouth, and forcibly expire, the air passes up the Eustachian tubes and distends the cavity of the tympanum. V., Sinus of. See Sinzes. Valva (va/- zah) [vaſva, the leaf of a door : £2., Valvaj. In biology, a valve. The maxilla of a bee. Valval (va/- val) [valva, valve]. Pertaining to a valve. Valvar (val/-war) [valva, valve]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a valve. Valvate (va/- vät) [valva, the leaf of a door]. In biology, resembling or functioning as a valve. Ap- plied in botany to a form of dehiscence of some anthers and to a form of estivation in which the pieces of the whorl touch each other by their edges, but do not overlap. - Valve (valv) [valvae, folding doors]. A membrane or lid so affixed to a tube or canal that it opens to permit free passage one way, but closes to intercept passage in the opposite direction. V., Aortic, the semilunar 1588 VANDELLIA valve of three segments situated at the junction of the aorta with the heart. V. of Bauhin, the ileo-cecal valve. See //eo-cecal valve. V., Bicuspid. Same as V., Mitral. V., Connivent. See Duodenum. V., Coronary, the valve that protects the orifice of the coronary sinus and prevents regurgitation of blood during the contraction of the auricle. V., Eusta- chian, that between the post-cava and the right auricle. V. of Hasner, an imperfect valve at the inferior mea- tus of the nose. V., Heister’s, folds of mucous mem- brane of the neck of the gall-bladder. V., Houston's, three oblique folds in the mucous membrane of the rectum at about the level of the prostate. V., Ileo- colic, the valve that guards the communication of the ileum with the colon. V. of Kerkring. See Duo- denum. Vs. of the Lymphatics, semilunar folds of the inner coat opposite each other. V., Mitral, the valve that controls the opening from the left auricle to the left ventricle; it is constituted of two leaflets. V., Pulmonary, the three semilunar leaflets at the junction of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. V., Pyloric, a thick fold of mucosa covering the pyloric sphincter. Vs., Semilunar, the three valves guard- ing the orifice of the pulmonary artery; also the three valves at the orifice of the aorta. V.-test (Azoulay’s), auscultation of the heart while the patient is lying with the arms raised perpendicularly and the legs lifted obliquely. V. of Thebesius, the coronary valve or fold of the endocardium of the right auricle which protects the coronary sinus. V., Tricuspid, that which controls the opening from the right auricle to the right ventricle; it is constituted of three seg- ments. V. of Tulpius, the ileo-cecal valve. V. of Varolius, the ileo-cecal valve. Vs. of a Vein, semilunar folds of the ental coat of veins. V. of Vieussens, a thin leaf of medullary substance be- tween the prepeduncles of the cerebellum; the valvula. Valviferous (val-viſ’-er-us) [valva, valve; ferre, to bear]. Bearing a valve. Valviform (va/- viſ-orm) [valva, valve; forma, form]. Valvular. - - Valvula (va/- vu-Zah) [dim, of valva, a valve]. A small valve; a valvule. Specifically, a transparent lamina between the gemina and the lingula, constituting the caudal portion of the mesocelian roof. Valvulae conniventes (or valves of Kerkring). See Duode- 72?/772, & Valvular (va/-vu-lar) [valvula, a small valve]. Per- taining to a valvula or to a valve. Valvule (va/- vill) [valva, the leaf of a door]. In biology, a little valve. Valvulitis (val-vu-/:/-täs) [valvula, a small valve; ºtic, inflammation]. Inflammation of a valve, especially of a cardiac valve. - Valylene (va/-iſ-en), C3H5. A hydrocarbon with an alliaceous odor; it boils at 50° C. and is a homologue of vinyl acetylene. . Vampirism (vam/-pîr-izm)[Russ., vampirić, a vampire]. The (imaginary) practice of sucking the blood of living persons; the insane belief that some person sucks one’s blood by night. This belief is endemic in some countries, and is not uncommon among lunatics. Vanadium (van-a/-de-um) [Vamadis, a goddess of the Scandinavian mythology]. A metal of the antimony group; symbol V; at. wt. 51.2. Its oxids are the vamadic and vamadous acids. See Elements, Zable of V. Bronze. See Pigments, Conspectus of Van Bemmelen, Papilliform Bodies of. Megalesthete. Van Deen’s Test. See Tests, Table of. Vandellia (van-del/-e-ah) [after Vandelli, an Italian botanist]. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. V. See VAN DER KOLK's LAw diffusa, of S. America, is emetic and purgative, and said to be useful in hepatic and intestinal diseases. Dose of ext. gr. xv-xxiv. Unof. Van der Kolk’s Law. See Lazy. Vandyke Brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of: Van Gehuchten's Fixing Solution. See under Sains, Zable of Van Harlingen’s Formula. A formula for the treat- ment of acne, rosacea. It consists of I dram of pre- cipitated Sulphur, with five grains of powdered cam- phor, Io of powdered gum tragacanth, and one ounce each of rose-water and lime-water. Vanilla (van-i/-ah) [L.]. The fruit of V. planiſoſia, an orchid found in tropical America, and of other species of the genus. Its odor is due to a methyl-ether, zami/. ân, CsPIgC3. It is an aromatic stimulant, sometimes em- ployed in hysteria and low fevers, but it is used chiefly as a flavor. V., Tinct., Io per cent. Dose as desired. Vanillin (van-i/-in) [vanilla, vanilla], CsPIsCs. The active and odorous constituent of the vanilla-bean pods. needles, is soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether, and melts at 80-81° C. It has a warm, aromatic taste. Commercial vanillin is in part prepared from the inner bark of white pine and from eugenol. Dose gr. Vá. See Vanilla. Vanillism (van-il/-īzm) [vanilla, vanilla]. The symp- toms among the workmen in vanilla-factories, due to the action of the volatile principles of vanilla. Van Swieten’s Liquid, or Solution. A solution of use as a local application to the secondary and tertiary lesions of syphilis about the head, face, and neck, and may also be taken internally. It is composed of the following: Corrosive chlorid of mercury 2 grains, alcohol 3 drams, distilled water sufficient to make 4 ounces. Of this one teaspoonful contains fºr of a grain of corrosive sublimate. It has been used by d’Arsonval in preparing glands (thyreoid, etc.) for ad- ministration in organotherapy. - Vao (vah/-o) [S. Am..]. A South American arrow- poison. Vapo-cresolin (va-po-Ares/-o-lin) [vapor, vapor; creso- ſin]. A popular remedy in the treatment of laryngeal diphtheria. Vapor (va/-por) [L. : gen., Vaporis ; //, Vapores]. The gaseous form of a substance which at ordinary temperatures is a liquid. In the B. P., certain vapores, or medicinal vapors, to be exhibited by inhalation, are officially recognized. V.-bath, the application for therapeutic purposes of steam (medicated or other- wise), or of some other vapor, to the surface of the body, in a suitable apartment or apparatus. V.- douche, a jet of vapor impinging upon the surface of the body or some part thereof; used therapeutic- ally. - Vapores uterini. Synonym of Hysteria. Vaporarium (va-por-a/-re-um) [L.]. A Russian bath, or a vapor-bath; or an establishment or apparatus for such baths. g Vaporizable (va-for- ?/-za - b/) [vapor, vapor]. Cap- able of being vaporized. Vaporization (va-for-iz-a/-shun) [vapor, vapor]. The process by which volatile matters are separated from fixed substances by means of heat. The conversion of a solid or liquid into a vapor. Vaporize (va/-por-iz) [vapor, vapor]. vapor. Vaporizer (va/-por-i-zer) [vapor, vapor]. a nebulizer, - Vaporole (va/-por-ø/) [vapor, vapor]. A friable, glass capsule containing a drug for inhalation. To reduce to An atomizer, 1589 It crystallizes in stellate groups of colorless, VARICELLA Vaporous (va/-por-u ) [vapor, vapor]. I. Pertaining to or consisting of vapor. 2. Arterial. Vapors (va/-porz) [vapor, vapor]. Hypochondriasis; lowness of spirits; hysteria. Variability (va-re-a-bil/-it-e) [variare, to change]. In biology, morphologic and physiologic plasticity, or the ability of the organism or race to adapt itself to its environment. Variation (va-re-a/-shun) [variare, to change]. In biology, morphologic or physiologic deviation from a given type as the result of environment, natural selec- tion, or cultivation and domestication. Cornevin establishes the following list of the modes of variation among animals:— I. MORPHOLOGIC VARIATIONs. Variations through disap- pearance. Absence of horns, ears, hair, pigment, etc. Total : Lwarfing, dis- coloration. Partial : Niatism, partial dis- coloration, reduction in the number of limbs, etc. Is seen in some hybrids when the characters of both progenitors co-exist side by side. Diminished number of ribs, teeth, digits, vertebrae, etc. Wool replaced by hair, scales replaced by feathers, etc. l { Total : Giants, melan- { | l { { Variations through arrested development. Variations through juxtapo- sition. Variations through fusion. Variations through transfor- mation. ism, extreme hairi- ness. Partial : Droop- ing ears, very long horns, hairs or feath- ers of unusual length. Supplementary verte- brae, ribs, teeth, horns, digits, etc. Variations through hyper- trophy. Variations through division or repetition. II. PHYSIOLOGIC VARIATIONS. Lateness of develop- Variations through dimin- ment; enfeeblement ished activity. of sexual tendencies; sluggishness. Variations through earlier if vr activity. Precocity. Variations through exagger- Increase in fertility, ated activity. etc. . * Variations through stronger ſ Vigor, immunity from activity. diseases, etc. To this list De Varigny adds CHEMIC VARIATION. V., Double, the double current produced in a muscle by the passage of a single induction-shock. V., Negative (of a muscle-current), the diminution of the muscle-current caused by stimulation of the motor nerve. Varicated (var/-ić-a-fed) [varix, varix]. Having varices. * Varication (var-ik-a/-shun) [varix, varix]. The for- mation of a varix; a system of varices. Varicella (war-is-el/-ah) [dim. of varioſa, smallpox]. An acute, specific, infectious disease of children, popularly known as chicken-fox. It has an incuba- tion-period of from eight to fourteen days, and is rarely preceded by a premonitory stage of slight fever and roseolous rash. This latter appears first on the back or chest, as scattered, slightly elevated, round, rose-colored spots; these are quickly followed by an eruption of glabrous, transparent vesicles, which ap- pear in successive crops on different parts of the body— there may be four or five of these crops—bursting the third to the fifth day from their appearance, finally leaving small, punctured scabs. There are generally but slight febrile symptoms. V. coniformis, swine- pox, varicella in which the vesicles are conic, V., Conoidal. Same as V. coniformis. V. gangraenosa. VARICELLAR See Dermatitis gangranosa infantum. V. globata, swine-pox, hives; varicella in which the vesicles are hemispheric. V. Prurigo, Hutchinson’s term for the occurrence in the mildest cases of varicelli of fresh crops of papules and pustules, the process lasting for weeks, and being accompanied by a good deal of itch- ing, but by very little if any ulceration. V., Pustular. Same as Varioloid. V. syphilitica, a syphiloderm having the form of a varicellar eruption. Varicellar (var-is-el/-ar) [varicella, dim. of variola, smallpox]. Pertaining to varicella. Varicellate (var-is-el/-ät) [varicella, varicella]. ing small varices. Varicelloid (var-is-el/-oid) [varicella, varicella; eldog, like]. Resembling varicella. Varices (var/-is-eg) [L.]. Plural of Varix, q, v. V. gelatinosae. Gelatinous accumulations in the umbili- cal cord. Variciform (var/-is-if-orm) [varix, a swollen vein; forma, a form]. Having the form of a varix or swelled vein. Varicoblepharon (var-ik-o-bleſ’-ar-on) [varix, varix; 8%épapov, eyelid.]. A varicosity of the eyelid. Varicocele (var/-ik-0-sel) [varix, varix; kážm, a tumor]. Dilatation of the veins of the scrotum or of the sper- matic cord. V., Ovarian, varicosity of the veins of the broad ligament, V., Utero-ovarian, varicocele in the female. Varicocelectomy (var-ik-o-se-leå/-to-me) [varix, varix; K#%m, tumor; Šktopuff, excision]. Excision of a vari- cocele. Varicoid (var/-ić-oid) [varix, varix: eiðoç, like]. Re- sembling a varix. Varicomphalus (var -ić - om/-/a/- us) [varix, varix; öppañóg, navel]. A varicosity at the navel. Varicose (var/-ik - 32) [va rā ac, varix]. Swollen, knotted, and tortuous. V. Aneurysm. See Aneu- rysm. V. Fibers, medullated axis-cylinders provided with Ranvier’s nodes and with incisures; they are destitute of neurilemma, and show, after death, swellings due to the ac- cumulation of fluid between the myelin and the axis-cylinder; they form the white matter of the spinal cord and brain. Varicosis (var-ik - of-sis) [varix, varix]. An abnormal dilatation of the veins. Varicosity (var-ić-os/-īt-e) [varix, varix]. The condition of being varicose; a varicose portion of a vein. Varicotomy (var- iſ: - ot/- o - me). Same as Cirsotomy. Varicula (var-ik/-u-la/.) [dim. of varix, varix]. A varix of the conjunctiva. Same as Cirsoph- thalmia. Variety (va-ri/-et-e)[varieta, difference: £7, Varieties]. In biologic taxonomy, a subdivision of a species; a stock, strain, breed. Variola (va - ri'-o'-la/.) [varius, variegated, spotted]. Smallpox. A specific infectious disease ushered in with severe febrile symptoms, which, in the course of two or three days, are followed by a papular eruption spreading over all parts of the body. During the suc- ceeding two weeks the eruption passes through periods of vesiculation, pustulation, and incrustation. The falling off of the crusts leaves the well-known pock- marks or pitted appearance on the skin. The period of incubation is about thirteen days. A secondary Hav- VARICOSE VEINS. 1590 VARNISH fever usually sets in during the pustular stage. V. confluens. Same as V., Confluent. V., Confluent, a severe form, in which the pustules spread and run together. V., Congenital, variola of the newborn, due to intra-uterine infection. V. cornea, hornpox : a variety of variola in which papular growths take the place of pustules. V., Discrete, a form in which the pustules preserve their distinct individuality. V. dysenterica, smallpox complicated with a form of persistent diarrhea. V., Emphysematous, a form of variola in which the pustules contain gas. V. equina, horse-pox. V., Hemorrhagic, variola in which hemorrhages into the vesicles occur, which gives them a blackish appearance. V. maligna, black smallpox ; a severe and very fatal form of variola, of the hemorrhagic type. V., Malignant, often called black smallpox and hemorrhagic smallpox. Its dis- tinguishing feature is hemorrhage into the skin. It is invariably fatal. V., Mitigated, or Modified. See Varioſoid. V. notha. Synonym of Varicella. Vari- olae ovinae. Same as Sheep-pox. V. spuria. Syn- onym of Varicella. V., Tubercular, variola in which the pustules assume a tubercular form. V. vaccina atrophica, stonepox ; an abortive form of variola in which the vesicle dries before reaching the pustular stage. V. vaccina bullosa, a form of vaccinia in which large single bullae take the place of the ordinary vesicles. V. vaccina erysipelatosa, the association of vaccinia and erysipelas at the point of inoculation. V. vaccina ulcerosa, vaccinia attended with ulcera- tion at the point of inoculation. V. vera, true small- pox, as distinguished from varioloid. V. verrucosa, wartpox; a mild, abortive form of variola. Variolad (va-ri’-o-lad) [variola, variola]. tious germ of the Smallpox virus. Variolar (va-ri/-o-lar) [variola, smallpox]. Pertaining to smallpox. Variolate (var/-e-o-lāt) [variola, variola]. Small pustules like those of variola. with smallpox. Variolated (var/-e-o-da-fed) [variola, smallpox]. Hav- ing or having had variola. Variolation, Variolization (var-e-o-la/-shun, va-re-o- liz7-a-shun) [variola, variola]. The inoculation of Smallpox. Variolator (var/-e-o-la-tor) [variola, variola]. One who inoculates with smallpox. Variolic (var-e-o/-ić) [variola, variola]. lous. Varioliform (var-i/-o-liform) [variola, variola; forma, form]. Resembling variola. Variolin (var-i/-o-lin) [variola, variola]. virus of smallpox. Varioloid (var/-e-o-loid) [variola, variola; eiðoc, re- semblance]. The slight form of the disease variola or smallpox as modified by vaccination or inoculation. It is chiefly important from the possibility that the patient may become a source of infection to others. Variolous (var-i/-o-lus) [variola, variola]. Pertaining to or having the nature of variola. Variolo-vaccine (var-i/-o-lo-va/-sin) [variola, variola; vacca, cow]. A vaccine-lymph or crust obtained from a heifer which has been inoculated with smallpox virus. Variolo-vaccinia (war-i/-o-lo-'vak-sin/-e-a/.) [variola ; vacca, cow]. A form of vaccinia or cowpox induced in the heifer by inoculating her with smallpox virus. Varix (var/-iās) [varus, crooked; pl. , Varices]. A ve- nous dilatation. V., Aneurysmal. See Aneurysm. V. lymphaticus. See Lymph-scrotum. Varnish (var/-nish) [ME., vernysh, varnish]. A quickly-drying solution of some resin. Varnishes are An infec- I. Having 2. To inoculate Pocky, vario- The specific VAROLI's BRIDGE popularly used to exclude the air from wounds, and in suitable cases they often act happily. Varoli's Bridge. See Pons varolii. Varolii, Pons. See Aozas. Varolius, Bridge of. See Bridge. Varrentrapp and Will, Method of. A method for the determination of nitrogen in organic compounds. The substance to be analyzed is reduced to the finest pow- der, dried, and weighed; then mixed with soda-lime. It is then placed in a combustion-tube, loosely plugged with asbestos, and heated. The nitrogen is converted into ammonia, which is absorbed by hydrochloric acid contained in a bulb connected with the tube. This is then treated with platinic chlorid, which precipitates am- monium-platinum chlorid, and the nitrogen is estimated. Varus (va/-rus) [L., bent]. See Acne and Talipes. V., Arterial, a cirSoid aneurysm. V. comedo. Same as Acme punctata. V., Equino-. See Talipes. V. gutta rosea. Same as Rosacea. V. punctatus. Same as Acme punctata. V. seba- ceus. Same as Seborrhea. Vas (vas) [L., a vessel; pl., Vasa]. A vessel. A generic term for the tubules or canal-like structures for the conduction of liquids, secretions, etc., through the body or from one organ to another; used particu- larly to designate vessels carrying blood. V. aber- rans. See Vasculum aberrams. V. deferens, the excretory duct of the testis, the continuation of the epididymis. Vasa (va/-zah) [L.]. Plural of Vas, g. v. V. aber- rantia: I. Vessels that sometimes connect the brachial or axillary artery with one of the arteries of the fore- arm. 2. Isolated bile-ducts on the surface of the liver, which have no relation to any system of hepatic lob- ules, as if the lobules to which they originally be- longed had atrophied and disappeared. V. afferentia, the branches of a lymphatic or lacteal vessel previous to entering a gland. V. brevia, gastric branches of the splenic artery. V. efferentia, the terminal ducts of the rete testis; applied also to the efferent vessels of lymphatic glands. V. intestini tenuis, small vessels arising from the superior mesenteric artery and distributed to the jejunum and ileum. See Intestina/ Artery in Arteries, Table of V. recta, the tubules of the rete testis. V. vasorum, the vessels supply- ing the arteries and veins with blood, i. e., the ves- sels supplying the vessels themselves. V. vorticosa. See Vezza. Vasal (va/-zal) [vas, a vessel). or to vessels. Vascular. Vasalium (vaz-a/-le-um) [vas, a vessel: pl., Vasalia]. In biology, tissues peculiar to vascular or closed cavi- ties; Endothelium, Caeſarium. Vascoa (vas-ko'-ah) [L.]. A genus of leguminous plants. The roots of the S. African V. amplexicau- lis are used as a substitute for liquorice. V. perfol- iata, an African plant, is a strong diuretic. Unof. Vascula (vas'-ku ſah) [L.J. Plural of Vasculum, g. v. Vascular (vasſ-Aze - lar) [vasculum, a small vessel]. Consisting of, pertaining to, or provided with ves- sels. V. Fibers, centrifugal nerve-fibers exciting contraction of blood-vessels. Vasomotor fibers. V. Lamellae. See Plate, Cathammal. V. System, the venous and arterial system. Vascularity (vas-ku-/ar/-it-e) [vasculum, a little vessel). The quality of being vascular. Vascularization (vas-Au-dar-iz-a/-shun) [vasculum, a little vessel]. The formation and extension of vascu- lar capillaries. The process of becoming vascular. Pertaining to a vessel Vasculiform (vas/-äu-/:/-orm) [vasculum, a small ves- sel; forma, form]. In biology, having the form of a vessel; like a flower-pot. 1591 VASOGEN Vasculin (vas/-Au-lin) [vasculum, a little vessel]. Ex- tract of vascular tissue. - Vasculomotor (vas-Au-lo-mo/-tor) [vasculum, a little vessel; motor, a mover]. Acting as a vasomotor upon the capillaries. Vasculose (vas/-ku-lóz) [vasculum, a vessel]. I. Same as Vascular. 2. The substance forming the vascular tissue of plants. Vasculum (vasſ-Au-ſum) [L. : p!., Vascula]. A small vessel. In biology, a botanist's collecting-case. V. aberrans, a tube extending from the lower part of the epididymis into the cord. Vaselin (vaz/-el-in) [irregular; Ger., wasser, water; ë%atov, oil]. Same as Petro/atum. The vaselins are paraffins that liquefy readily and fuse between 30° and 40°C. ; they are employed as bases for ointments. V., Liquid, a liquid paraffin used as a vehicle for active medicines. Vasifactive (vaz-if-a/-tiv) [vas, vessel; ſacere, make]. Giving rise to new blood-vessels. See Angioplastic. Vasiform (vaz/-if-orm) [vas, vessel; forma, form]. In biology, resembling a vessel or duct. Vaso- (va/-20-) [vas, a vessel]. A prefix employed to denote connection with the vessels. Vaso-constrictive (va/-zo-kon-strik/-tiv) [vas, vessel; constringere, to constrict]. Promoting or stimulating the constriction of blood-vessels. Vaso-constrictor (va/-zo-Åon-strik/-tor) [vas, vessel; constrictor, constrictor]. I. Causing a constriction of the blood-vessels. 2. A nerve or a drug that causes constriction of blood-vessels. Vaso-corona (va/-zo-ko-ro’-nah) [vas, vessel; corona, crown]. The system of arterioles that supply the periphery of the spinal cord. Vaso-dentinal (va/-zo-dem/-tin-al) [vas, vessel; dens, a tooth]. Pertaining to or of the nature of vaso-dentine. Vaso-dentine (va/-zo-dem/-tim)[vas, vessel; dens, tooth]. Dentine having capillaries large enough for the pas- sage of red blood-corpuscles. Vaso-dilator (za/-go-di-la/-tor) [vas, vessel; dilator, a dilator]. I. Pertaining to the positive dilating motility of the non-striped muscles of the vascular system. A nervous mechanism, with a center and ef- ferent nerves, probably exists. 2. A nerve-element or a drug that causes dilatation of blood-vessels. Vaso-formative (va/-20-for’-mat-iv) [vas, vessel; form- are, to form]. Forming or producing vessels. See Vasofactive. V. Cells, those engaged in the produc- tion of vascular tissue. r غssº a 4 VAso-ForMATIVE CELLS. r, r. Red blood-corpuscles. , k, k. Nuclei of vaso-formative cells. a, a. Processes that ultimately unite to form capillaries. Vaso-ganglion (va/-go-gang/-gle-on) [vas, vessel ; } @Y)- Azov, ganglion]. A knot, or rete, of blood-vessels. Vasogen (va/-zo-jen) [vaselin, Yevvāv, to produce]. Oxygenated vaselin. VASO-HYPERTONIC Vaso-hypertonic (va/-zo-hi-per-ton/-ić). See Vaso- 7720ſo?". - Vaso-inhibitory (va/-zo-in-hibº-it-or-e) [vas, vessel; inhibere, to inhibit]. Pertaining to the function of inhibition of vasomotor action or of vascular con- traction. Vasomotion (va/-zo-mo'-shum) [vas, vessel; motio, motion], Increase or decrease of the caliber of a blood-vessel. Vasomotor (va/-zo-mo'-tor) [vas, vessel; motor, motor]. Pertaining to the motility of the non-striped muscles of the arterial system ; regulating the tension of a blood-vessel; vaso-constrictor. V. Ataxia, a con- dition of instability of the circulatory mechanism, de- scribed by S. Solis-Cohen and characterized by abnormal readiness of disturbance of the equilibrium of the car- dio-vascular apparatus, with tardiness of restoration. In some cases the phenomena are of paretic, in others of spasmodic character. Usually the two kinds of phe- nomena are displayed in varying degree in the same patient. Dermographism is an essential feature and in most cases factitious urticaria can be induced ; mottlings of the skin, peculiar markings of the nails, telangiectases and stigmata are common. There is usually a hemorrhagic tendency. In some cases the thyreoid gland has been altered. The action of the heart is usually rapid, irregular, and easily disturbed; palpitation is common, and intermittent tachycardia has been noticed ; 11emic and functional murmurs are not uncommon. V. Bronchitis. See Asthma. V. Center. See Cezzfer. Subordinate centers are distributed throughout the spinal axis. V. Nerves, the nerves passing to the blood-vessels; stimulation causing contraction, narrowing of the lumen, and consequent increase of blood-pressure. Paralysis of the center produces the opposite effects. V. Rhinitis. See Hay-ſever. Vasomotorial, Vasomotory (va/-zo-mo-to/-re-al, va/- zo-mo/-tor-e) [vas, vessel; motor, motor]. Relating to the vasomotor function. Vasomotricity (va/-zo-mo-tris/-īt-e) [vas, vessel; motor, motor]. The quality of having a vasomotor action. Vaso-peritoneal (va/-zo-per-it-on-e'-a') [vas, vessel; peritoneal]. In biology, pertaining to the closed sac which results from the cutting off from the archenteron of a cecal diverticulum to which the anterior part of that cavity gives rise. Vaso-sensory (va/-zo-sem/-so-re) [vas, vessel; sensory]. Serving as a sensory apparatus for the vessels. Vastus (vas/-tus). See Muscles, Table of Vat-blue (vat/-blu). Same as Indigo-blue. Vater’s Ampulla. See Ampulla. See Pacimian Bodies or Corpuscles. V.'s Diverticu- lum. Same as V.'s Ampulla. V.'s Fold. See Aold. Vatrax (va/-tra/s) [L.]. See Vatricose. Vatricose (vat/-rik-62) [vatricosus]. Club-footed. Vault (vavſt) [ME., wave, vault]. The dome or arch of the skull; the hollow of the roof of the mouth. V. of Cranium. See Ca/varia. Vecordia (ve-kor/-de-ah) [vecors, destitute of reason]. Insanity; especially dementia or idiocy. Vectis (ve//-/is) [vehere, to carry]. An instrument similar to the single blade of a forceps, used in expedit- ing the delivery of the head in labor. Vegetable (vey’-et-a-bl) [F., végétable, vegetable]. (a) A plant, especially a kitchen herb. (5) See Vegetal. V. AEthiops, a kind of charcoal produced by the incineration of Fucus vesiculosus in closed vessels. It has been employed in glandular and scrofulous affec- tions, and contains a small quantity of iodin. V. Albumin. See Phytalbumose. V. Bezoar. See Calapitte. V. Coloring-matters. See Conspectus of 1592 V.'s Corpuscles. VEIN Aigments, under Pigment. V. Economy, the system- atic arrangement of the parts and organs of plants. V. Gum. See Bassorin. V. Mercury. See Mazz- aca and Amchieta salutaris. V. Proteids. See Pro- teid. V. Sponge. See Zuffa. V. Sulphur. See Lycopodium. Vegetal (ve/-e-tal) [vegetus, lively; vegere, to move, quicken]. In biology, of or pertaining to plants, characteristic of plants, plant-like in habit. V. Func- tions, the vital phenomena common to plants and animals, viz., irritability, digestion, assimilation, growth, secretion, excretion, circulation, respiration, generation. - Vegetality (vej-e-tal/-īt-e ) [vegere, to move, excite, quicken]. In biology, the possession of Vegetal Func- tions, 7. v. ; the opposite of animality. Vegetarian (veſ-e-ta/-re-an) [vegetare, to quicken]. One who lives on vegetable food alone. Vegetarianism (vej-e-ta/- re-an-izm) [vegetare, to quicken]. The doctrine that vegetable food is the only kind proper for man, and the practice of this doc- trine. Vegetatio (veſ-e-ta/-she-o). Same as Vegetation. Vegetation (vej-e-ta/-shun) [vegetatio, vegere, to grow]. Morbid or fungous growth, such as abnormal granula- tions, excresences, warts, etc. V., Adenoid, morbid growths in the naso-pharyngeal cavity. Vs., Digital, prominent, villous vegetations. Vs., Fibrinous, small, wart-like bodies growing on a serous surface. Vs., Urethral, papillomata of the urethra. Vegetative (ve/-e-za-fiv) [vegere, to grow]. Having the power of growth, like a vegetable; applied to cer- tain tumors. Vegeto- (ve/-et-o) [vegere, to grow]. A prefix em- ployed to denote connection with or relation to the vegetable kingdom. Vehicle (ve/- hik - 1) [vehiculum; vehere, to carry]. Anything which carries or conveys. In pharmacy, any excipient or substance serving as a medium of ad- ministration. Veiel’s Paste. A paste used in the treatment of furun- cles. It consists of equal parts of oxid of zinc and vaselin, with 4 per cent. of boric acid. It is to be well rubbed into the skin around the boil three times a day. Veil (vä/) [velum, veil]. See Velum, Velamen and Calyptra. V., Acquired, an obscuration or imperfec- tion of voice from exposure to cold, catarrhal condi- tions, or overuse, or from bad training. V., Uterine, a cap fitted over the cervix uteri, to prevent the en- trance of the semen. - Vein (vān) [vena, vein]. The veins are tube-like ves- sels that receive the blood from the lungs and peripheral organs of the body and convey it to the auricles of the heart. They are divided into three systems or groups: the Pulmonary, Systemic, and Portal, the latter being an appendage of the systemic, its capillaries ramify- ing in the liver. In biology, one of the fibro-vascular bundles of a leaf. V., Acromial Thoracic, a small vein accompanying the artery of the same name. V., Angular, a continuation of the frontal vein down- ward to become the facial at the lower margin of the orbit. V., Auricular (anterior and posterior). I. The vein of the ear. 2. A vein from the cardiac auricles. V., Axillary, a large vein formed by the junction of the inner brachial venae. It lies to the inner side of the axillary artery and becomes the subclavian at the border: of the first rib. Vs., Azygos (three in number), situ- ated ventrad of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae; they are a means of communication between the supe- rior and inferior venae cavae. V., Basilar, a large vein passing back over the crus cerebri to unite with the veins of Galen. V., Basilic, a vein on the inner VEIN 1593 side of the arm. It unites with the inner brachial to form the axillary. Vs., Brachial, the veins accom- panying the brachial artery. V., Brachio-cephalic. See V., Innominate. Vs. of Breschet, the veins of the diploé. Vs., Bronchial, veins that correspond to the bronchial arteries. V.-brooch, an instrument for compressing varicose veins. V., Buccal, a vein coming from the buccinator muscle; it empties into the pterygoid plexus. V., Capsular, the supra- renal vein. Vs., Cardiac, the veins from the heart. V., Cephalic, a large vein of the arm, formed by the union of the median cephalic and superficial radial. It opens into the axillary. Vs., |||ſiº 2: ºft|º Wºź %Nº º N ׺ - % - º % N º - º % - 2^ 4. N º | º VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE NECK. I. Subclavian artery. Internal jugular vein. 5. Anterior jugular vein. Sterno-hyoid muscle. , 8. Trunk of pneumogastric nerve. nerve. Io. Its terminal portion. II. Its descending branch. scending branch of cervical plexus. and facial arteries. 17. Facial artery and vein. Cerebellar, veins coming from the cerebellum ; they empty into the various sinuses. Vs., Cerebral, veins coming from the cerebrum. They are cortical and cen- tral ; the former are from 8 to I2 in number on each side and empty into the superior longitudinal sinus. The central veins unite to form the venae Galeni. V., Cer- vical, Deep, the second or deeper division of the pos- terior portion of the vein of the scalp. V., Cervical, Transverse, a vein accompanying the artery of the same name. V., Choroid, a vein of the choroid plexus. It unites with the vein of the corpus striatum to form the veins of Galen. Vs., Ciliary, small veins from the eyeball. Vs., Circumflex Iliac (deep and 2. Subclavian vein. 3, 3. Common carotid artery. 4. - 6. Omo-hyoid muscle. 7. 9. Hypoglossal I2. Internal de- 13. Plexus formed by last two branches. I4. External carotid artery. 15. Superior thyreoid artery and vein. 18. Occipital artery. terior branches of the first four cervical nerves. 20. Superior laryngeal nerve. VEIN superficial), veins accompanying the arteries of the same name. V., Conarial, a vein originating in the fine venous plexus over the conarium. It is one of the prebasal veins that unite to form the subcerebral. Vs., Coronary: 1. Same as V., Cardiac. 2. Veins sur- rounding the margins of the lips. 3. See V., Gastric. V., Cystic, a vein returning the blood from the gall- bladder; it empties into the portal vein. Vs., Dental, veins conveying the blood from the alveoli of the jaws. V., Diaphragmatic. See V., Phrenic. Vs., Emis- sary, small veins passing through the cranial foramina and connecting the cerebral sinuses with external veins. Vs., Emulgent, a synonym of the renal veins. V., Epigastric, Deep, a vein emptying into the external iliac above Poupart's ligament. Vs., Ethmoid, veins corresponding to the arteries of the same name. Vs., Extra- spinal, veins ramifying over the external surfaces of the vertebrae. V., Facial, a continuation of the angular vein; it joins the internal jugular at the level of the hyoid bone. V., Femoral, Common, a short, thick trunk corresponding to the femoral artery; it becomes the external iliac at Poupart’s ligament. V., Femoral, Deep, a vein accompanying the femoral artery; it empties into the superficial femoral. V., Femoral, Superficial, a name given to the femoral vein before it is joined by the deep femoral vein to form the common femoral vein. V., Frontal, a name given to the anterior vein of the scalp as it crosses the frontal bone. V. of Galen, a synonym for the anterior cardiac vein. Vs. of Galen, two large veins of the brain, con- tinuations of the internal cerebral veins; they open into the Straight sinus. Some- times there is but a single vein of Galen instead of two. V., Gastric, a vein ac- companying the artery of the same name. V., Gluteal, a vein passing through the great sacro-sciatic foramen with the gluteal artery. Vs., Hemiazygos, small, acces- sory veins of the azygos veins. Vs., Hemorrhoidal, a plexus of veins sur- rounding the rectum. Vs., Hepatic, the largest tributaries to the inferior vena cava; they return the blood from the liver. Vs., Iliac, Common, two veins formed oppo- site the Sacro-iliac synchondrosis by the confluence of the external and internal iliac veins. They unite opposite the fifth lumbar vertebra to form the inferior vena cava. V., Iliac, External, a continuation up- ward of the common femoral; it extends from the lower border of Poupart's liga- ment to the lower border of the sacro- iliac synchondrosis. V., Iliac, Internal, a short trunk extending from the great sacro- Sciatic foramen to the sacro-iliac synchondrosis. Vs., Innominate, two large valveless veins returning the blood from the head, neck, and upper extremity. They are formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins, and unite to form the superior vena cava. Vs., Intra-spinal, the veins within the Spinal column. V., Jugular, Anterior, a vein beginning at the level of the chin and ending at the clavicle in the external jugular vein. V., Jugu- lar, External, a vein formed at the angle of the lower jaw by the union of the posterior auricular and tem- poro-maxillary veins; it empties into the subclavian. V., Jugular, Internal, a continuation of the lateral I6. Lingual I9. An- VEIN sinus, beginning at the jugular fossa; it accompanies the internal and common carotid arteries, and joins the subclavian vein to form the innominate. V., Jugular, Posterior, External, a small vein in the dorsal portion of the neck. V. of Labbé. See V., Pos- terior Anastomosing. V., Lingual, the vein returning the blood from the tongue. It empties into the inter- nal jugular. Vs., Lumbar (four on either side), veins corresponding to the lumbar arteries. Vs., Mammary, Internal, veins formed by the union of the venae comites of the superior epigastric and internal mam- mary arteries; they empty into the innominate vein. V. of Marshall. See V., Oblique. V., Maxillary, Anterior, a small vein of the anterior portion of the face. V., Maxillary, Internal, a vein accompanying the first part of the internal maxillary artery. V., Median Basilic, the largest of the two divisions of the median; it unites with the superficial ulnar to form the basilic. It is chosen for venesection. V., Median Cephalic, the smaller branch of the median; it unites with the superficial radial to form the cephalic. V., Median, Deep, a vein formed by the union of the outer vena comes of the ulnar artery and the muscular and radial recurrent veins. V., Median, Superfi- cial, a vein that starts at the anterior plexus of the wrist and unites with the deep median to form the median. V., Mesenteric, Inferior, one formed by the superior and middle hemorrhoidal veins at the rectum; it accompanies the inferior mesenteric artery, and joins the splenic vein behind the pancreas. V., Mesenteric, Superior, one that accompanies the superior mesenteric artery, and joins the splenic vein to form the portal. V., Oblique (of Marshall), a vein crossing the dorsal portion of the left auricle of the heart. It is the remnant of the left duct of Cuvier. V., Obturator, a vein accompanying the artery of the same name. V., Ophthalmic, a short trunk carrying the blood from the eye; it empties into the cavernous sinus. Vs., Ovarian, two veins beginning as the pampiniform plexus in the broad ligament; the right one empties into the inferior vena cava, the left one into the left renal. V., Pancreatic, a vein returning the blood from the pancreas. V., Peroneal, a vein ac- companying the peroneal artery. Vs., Phrenic, veins accompanying the phrenic arteries. V., Popliteal, one formed by the union of the venæ comites of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries; it accompanies the popli- teal artery, and becomes the femoral at the junction of the lower with the middle third of the thigh. V., Por- tal, a short trunk formed by the junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins; it enters the liver. V., Posterior Anastomosing (of Labbé), one of the cortical cerebral veins. V., Pudic, a vein accompanying the pudic artery; it empties into the internal iliac. Vs., Pulmonary, two veins on each side returning the aérated blood from the lungs to the heart. V., Radial, Superficial, a vein accompanying the musculo-cuta- neous nerve up the radial side of the forearm. V., Renal, a vein returning the blood from the kidneys. V., Salvatella, a vein of the little finger, situated in the fourth metacarpal space and entering into the for- mation of the posterior ulnar vein. V., Saph- enous, Long or Internal, a long vein running up the inner aspect of the leg, terminating in the femoral vein below Poupart's ligament. V., Saphenous, Short or External, a vein running up the Outer as- pect of the foot, leg, and back of the calf; it empties into the popliteal vein. Vs., Sciatic, veins ac- companying the sciatic artery. , V., Spermatic, a vein returning the blood from the testicle; on the right side it terminates in the inferior vena cava and on the left in the left renal vein. V., Splenic, a vein 1594 VELLEITY returning the blood from the spleen; it forms the vena porta by uniting with the superior mesenteric vein. V.-stone. See Phlebolith. V., Subcerebral, a large vein at the base of the brain. V., Subclavian, a continuation of the axillary; it unites with the inter- nal jugular vein to form the innominate vein at the sterno-clavicular articulation. Vs., Submaxillary, veins returning the blood from the submaxillary gland. Vs., Temporal, veins returning the blood from the temporo-maxillary region of the head ; they join the internal maxillary vein to form the temporo-maxillary vein. V., Temporo-maxillary, one formed by the union of the temporal and internal maxillary veins in the parotid gland; it terminates in the external jugu- lar. Vs., Thyreoid, veins returning the blood from the thyreoid gland. V. of Trolard, a vein of the cere- brum passing along the posterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius and emptying into the superior petrosal sinus. V., Tympanic, a vein accompanying the tympanic artery. V., Ulnar, Superficial, a vein running from the wrist up the anterior and inner surface of the fore- arm. V., Umbilical, in the fetus, a vein extending from the navel along the falciform ligament to the liver. Vs., Uterine, a plexus of veins returning the blood from the uterus. V., von Burow’s. See Baerozy's Veins. V. of Vesalius, a vein forming the channel of communication between the pterygoid plexus of veins and the cavernous sinus. V., Vidian, one of the branches of the pharyngeal vein. Veinage (va/-nāj) [vena, vein]. Weining. Veined (vänd) [vena, vein]. Provided with veins. Veining (vān/-ing). Same as Venation. Veinless (vän/-les) [vena, vein]. Without veins. Veinlet (väm/-let). See Venule. Veinous (va/-mus) [vena, vein]. Veinule (vān/-ul). See Vemule. Veinulet (vān/-u-let) [vena, vein]. veinlet. Veiny (va/-ne). Same as Venose. Velamen (ve-la/-men) [L. : pl., Velamina]. A veil, or envelop. V. nativum, the skin. V. vulvae. See Apron. - Velamentous (vel-am-en/-tus) [velamen, a veil]. Weil- like. Velamentum (vel-am-en/-tum) [L. : £7, Velamenta]. A veil, or covering membrane. Velamenta cere- bri, meninges. V. infantis, the fetal membranes. Velar (ve/-/ar) [velum, veil]. Pertaining to a velum, especially to the velum palati. Velarium (ve-la/-re-um) [velum, veil: pl., Velaria]. In biology, the peculiar velum of the Cubomedusae and Athizostoma, differing from the true velum of the Cras- pedota by its supply of gastro-canals. Velate (ve/-lät) [velare, cover, veil]. a veil. Velation (ve-la/-shum) [velare, to veil]. of a velum. Veliferous (ve-lif/-er-us) [veliſer, sail-bearing]. Hav- ing a velum ; velamentous. Veliform (ve/-if-orm) [velum, veil; forma, form]. Forming a velum. Veliger (ve/-ij-er) [ve/um, a veil; gerere, to bear]. In biology, a larval stage of development in Mollusca, characterized by the presence of a velum, or ciliated swimming-membrane. Veligerous (ve-/:/-er-us) [velum, a sail, veil; gerere, to bear]. In biology, bearing a veil, or velum. Vella’s Fistula. See Fistula. Vellarin (ve//-ar-in). The active principle of Hydro- cotyle asiatica, alterative, astringent, tonic. Unof. Velleity (vel-e/-it-e) [velleitas; velle, to wish]. A weak form of volition ; feeble desire or inclination. Same as Venous. A branch of a Furnished with The formation VELLICATE Vellicate (ve/-ić-āt) [vellicare, to pluck]. To twitch; to move spasmodically. Vellication (ve/- ié - a '-shun) [vellicatio, vellicare, to twitch]. The spasmodic twitching of muscular fibers as observed in tic. Velpeau's Apparatus. An immovable dressing for fractures, consisting of a compress and card-board splints, hardened by a solution of dextrin. V.'s Bandage. See Bandage. V.'s Hernia, femoral hernia in front of the vessels. See Hernia, and Dis- eases, Table of Velum (ve/-/um) [velum, veil, sail; //, Vela]. In biology, a veil or veil-like structure, variously applied to membranous growths in both plants and animals, as the swimming-membrane of molluscan larvae; the turned-in margin of the umbrella of certain medusae, or the envelop covering the sphorophore of a hymeno- mycetous fungus. V. interpositum, the membranous roof of the third ventricle. V. palati. Same as V. pendulum palati. V. partiale, a membrane or veil which in some of the Hymezzomycetes stretches from the margin of the pileus to the stipe. V. pendulum palati, the soft palate, and especially the uvula. V., Posterior Medullary, the commissure of the flocculus of the cerebellum. V. tarini. Same as V., Posterior Medullary. V. universale, a membrane which in some of the Hymenomycetes covers the entire sporo- carp. Velumen (ve-lu/-men) [velumen, a fleece]. In biology, the velvety integument of certain parts of plants or animals. Velutinous (ve-lu'-tin-us) [velutem, velvet]. Velvety to the touch. Vena (ve/-mah) [L.]. A vein. See Vein. V. cava. See Cava. Vena cava inferior, is formed by the junction of the two common iliac veins and empties into the right auricle of the heart. It receives lumbar, right spermatic, renal, suprarenal, phrenic, and hepatic branches. Vena cava superior, formed by the union of the innominate veins, conveys the blood from the upper half of the body to the right auricle. Venae (ve/-ne). Plural of Vema. Veins. See Vein. Venae comites, veins that accompany arteries in their COUlrSé. union of the vein of the corpus striatum and that of the choroid plexus ; they empty into the straight sinus. V. thebesii, the small veins by which blood passes from the walls of the heart to the right auricle. Venae vorticosae, the venous network and trunks of the choroid coat of the eye. Venal (ve/-na!). Same as Venous. Venalization (ven-al-iz-a'-shun) [vena, vein]. acquirement of venous qualities by the blood. Venatio (ven-a/-she-o) [venari, to hunt]. I. Same as Venation. 2. A hunting. Venation (ven-a/-shun) [vena, a vein]. In biology, the distribution of veins in a leaf, or in the wing of an insect. See AVervation. V., Forked, venation in which the veins branch in repeated equal divisions. V., Reticulate, venation in which the veins have the form of a network. V., Unbranched, venation in which the veins run parallel and, unconnected from the base to the tip of a leaf. Venenate (ven/- en -át) [venenum, poison]. OllS. Venenation (ven-en-a'-shun) [vemenum, a poison]. The condition of one affected by the venom of a poisonous insect or reptile. Venenatus (ven - en - aſ - tus) [venenum, a poison]. Poisonous. Venenific (ven-en-if”-ié) [venenum, poison]. Poison- forming. Poison- 1595 Venesection (ven-e-se/-shun). V. Galeni, the two trunks formed by the The VENTILATION Venenifluous (ven-en-if”-lu-us) [vemenum, poison, ſluere, to flow]. In biology, exuding a poisonous fluid or juice. -- Venenose, Venenous (ven/-en-Öz, ven/-en-us) [vemen- osus]. Toxic; poisonous; acting by a toxic property. Venenum (ven/-em-um). Same as Poison. Venereal (ven-e'-re-al) [Venus, the goddess of love]. Pertaining to the sexual passion. V. Bubo, a swel- ling of the glands of the groin secondary to some venereal disease. V. Diseases, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid. V. Sore. See Chancre. V. Wart. See Verruca acuminata. Venereology (ven-e-re-o/-o-je) [ Venus, the goddess of love; 2670ſ, science]. The science of venereal dis- €aS62. Venery (ven/-er-e) [Venus, the goddess of love]. Sexual intercourse. See Blood-letting. Venesuture (ven-e-su/-tär) [vena, vein; sutura, su- ture]. The suturing of a vein. Venetian Red. See Pigments, Conspectus of Venice (ven/-is) [Ital.]. A city of Italy. V. Treacle, Turpentine. See Theriaca, Turpentine. V. White. Same as Hamburg. White. Veniplex (ven/-ip-leks) [vena, vein; plexus, plexus]. A venous plexus; a plexus of veins. Venom (ven/-on) [venenum, poison]. The poison secreted by certain reptiles and insects, as the rattle- snake, the scorpion, etc. V.-albumin, the albumin of the venom of a snake. V.-globulin, a globulin found in snake-poisons; there are various kinds described. V.-peptone, a peptone found in the venom of certain serpents. V., Quickening, V., Vital, semen. Venomous (ven/-om-us) [vemenum, a poison]. Poison- ous; belonging or pertaining to venom; secreting V6In OIII]. Venosal (ven-o’-zal) [vena, vein]. Venous. Venose (ven/-52) [vena, vein]. In biology, veiny; furnished with conspicuous veins. V.-costate, in biology, between ribbed and veined. Venosity (ven-osſ-it-e) [vena, vein]. Venous quality; a condition in which the arterial blood shows venous qualities; general congestion of the veins. Venous (ve/-nus) [venosus]. Pertaining to a vein. V. Hum, the murmur or rushing sound observed in auscultation of a vein. V. Nevus. See AVævus vascularis. Vent (vent) [ME., zente, vent]. An outlet, especially the anal opening. Venter (ven'-ter) [venter, belly]. The belly or abdo- men. Applied to structures having a concave or abelly- like appearance. V. of Ilium, the iliac fossa. V. of Kidney, the pelvis of the kidney. V. of Scapula, the anterior surface of the scapula, Ventilation. The dilution and removal of all impuri- ties that collect in the air of inhabited rooms, the most common of which is CO2, which may be tested by Lange’s Method, g. v. In hospitals the fundamen- tal principle of ventilation observed is that each adult person confined in a space of IOOO cubic feet requires 3000 cubic feet of fresh air per hour in order to pre- vent the proportion of carbon dioxid in the room from rising above o.of per cent. This estimate is based on the fact that each adult expires, on the average, O.6 of a cubic foot of carbon dioxid per hour. Ventilation may be natural, due to the forces constantly acting in nature, or artificial, the , result of measures intro- duced by man. The former is brought about by the agency of the wind and by diffusion, or the power which gases of different densities possess of mixing with each other. Artificial ventilation is brought VENTILATION about either by extracting the foul air from the room, or by forcing pure air into the room, and is effected by means of fans, heat, gas, or steam. AVatural ventilation is aided by means of tubes or shafts employed as inlets and outlets. The outlets are guarded by Cowls, which prevent the entrance of rain, increase the extracting effect of the wind, and check the tendency to down-draught. A most valuable agent in this ventilation is the chimney. Windows also may be utilized for the same purpose. The estimation of CO, in the air may be made by the following methods: I. Minimetric Method, when the proportion of CO, is not less than one part per IOOO. The analysis is made by the use of a solution of sodium carbonate with phe- nolphthalein as an indicator. 2. Petten/oſer's Method has for its basis the fact that if air containing CO2 is brought into contact with barium hydroxid in solution a combination takes place between the barium and CO, immediately, and insoluble barium carbonate is precipitated. 5. Szydłowski’s Method consists in comparing a given volume of the air to be tested with a sample of air from which CO, has been removed, and the difference of pressure recorded by means of a mercurial column. 4. Aleisef’s Al/ethod, calculates the amount of CO, in the air from the difference found between the titration of a given volume of barium-water before and after the passage of the air through it. V., Methods of; there are various methods of securing ventilation, some of which are as follows: Auðurn or Penſonzºil/e System of ventilating prisons. The cells are arranged in blocks of several tiers in height, and each block is surrounded by an outer build- ing, between the walls of which and the doors of the tiers of cells on each side is an open corridor, not divided by floors corresponding to the floors of the several tiers. The air is drawn from this corridor into the cells. Boyle's Wen/ilator, an arrangement of mica valves allowing air to pass out, but allowing no back- draught. Cooper's Ventilator, a series of apertures in the glass of a window-pane arranged in a circle so as to be more or less completely closed by a circular disc having corresponding apertures and moving upon a central pivot. Ellison's Ventilating Bricks, are bricks perforated with conical holes, and fixed in the walls, with the apices of the cone on the outside. They are not likely to produce a draught. Hinckes-Bird’s Method consists in placing a movable block of wood under the entire length of the lower window-sash. Zozezred' Pames, a form of window-ventilation by which an upward di- rection is imparted to the incoming air. These panes take the place of one or more of the squares of glass, and may be either opened or closed. McAºnzee//'s Wen- Ži/a/or, a combined outlet and inlet ventilator, which is applicable in the case of upper rooms or rooms in single- story houses. It consists of two tubes, the one encir- cling the other, the inner acting as the outlet, and being fitted with a cowl. Sheringham Wa/ve, a common form of inlet in windows or walls for the purposes of ventilation. The entrance to the opening in the wall is guarded by a strainer to keep out dust, while on the inside is a valved iron plate with closed sides and hinged at the bottom. This opening is usually placed near the ceiling. Smead-Dozyd System of Ventilation, an artificial system of ventilation in which the outlets are at the bottom of the sheeting along the floor-line and open into spaces beneath the floor. These spaces are connected with flues down which the air is drawn by the powerful action of the furnace-chimney. Tobin's 7%ube, a means of ventilation, the air from without enter- ing through a hole in the wall and being conducted by an upright tube into the upper portion of the room. V., Pulmonary, the supply of pure air to the lungs 1596 VENTRICULUS and the removal of the vitiated air. V., Respiratory, the supply of a fluid containing oxygen to a respira- tory membrane and its removal after the oxygen has been given up. Ventilator (ven/-fi/-a-tor) [ventiſare, to fan]. paratus for effecting ventilation. . Ventrad (ven/-trad) [venter, stomach; ad, toward]. Toward the ventral aspect or surface; not dorsad nor neurad, and not laterad. - Ventral (ven’-tral) [ventralis, venter, belly, or abdom- inal cavity]. Pertaining to the belly. At or in the direction of the venter or belly-side of the body or the ventral aspect of an organ. Aſema! is sometimes used instead of ventral. See the opposite, Dorsal, also, Aºosition and Direction, Table of Intrinsic Terms. Ventrally (ven/-tral-e). Synonym of Ventrad. Ventricle (ven/-trik-/) [ventriculus ... dim. of venter, a belly]. Applied to certain structures or parts having a bellied appearance. V., Aortic, the left ventricle of the heart. V. of Arantius, a cul-de-sac in the oblongata. Vs. of Brain, the third, fourth, fifth, and two lateral. V., Third, between the optic thalami and extending to the base of the brain; V., Fourth, the space between the oblongata and pons in front, and the cerebellum behind ; V., Fifth, the cavity between the laminae of the septum lucidum ; V., Zateral, the considerable cavity of either half of the cerebrum, communicating with the third through the foramen of Monro. Each ventricle consists of a triangular central cavity or body, and three smaller cavities, called cornua. The corpus callosum forms the roof of the body, the septum lucidum the mesal boundary, and the floor is formed by the corpus striatum, taenia Semicircularis, optic thalamus, choroid plexus, corpus fimbriatum, and fornix. The anterior cornu curves forward and out- ward into the anterior lobe of the brain, the middle cornu descends into the middle lobe, and the posterior cornu or digital cavity curves backward into the occipi- tal lobe. V. of Cerebellum, the extension of the fourth ventricle into the substance of the cerebellum. V. of Cord. See Canal, Central. V. of Corpus callosum, the space between the labium cerebri and the callosum ; the callosal fissure. V. of Larynx, a de- pression between the true and false vocal bands. V., Left, of Heart, that upon the dorsal and left side of the heart, and which, through the aorta, forces the blood over the general system. V. of Morgagni, a small cavity bounding each vocal band externally. V., Optic, the cavity of either optic or geminal lobe. V., Right, of Heart, that forcing the blood through the pulmonary artery toward the lungs. V., Sixth. See Verga’s V., and Canal, Central. V., Sylvian. Same as V., A'ifth. V., Verga's, a space occasionally found between the callosum and the fornix. Ventricornu (ven-frić-or/-nu) [venter, venter; cornu, cornu). The ventral extension, or anterior horn, of the gray matter of the myelon. Ventricornual (ven - trić - or/- mu-al) [venter, venter; cornze, cornuj. Pertaining to the ventricornu. Ventricose (ven/-trik-āz) [venter, abdomen]. Inflated or swelled out on one side, resembling an abdomen. Ventricous (ven'-trik-us) [venter, belly]. In biology, distended, resembling an abdomen. Ventricular (ven-trik/-u-lar) [ventriculus, a ventricle]. Belonging or pertaining to a ventricle. V. Aqueduct. See Aqueductus Sylvii. V. Bands, the longitudinal folds of mucous membrane above and parallel to the vocal bands. The false vocal bands. Ventriculose (ven - tri/- u - Zöz) [ventriculus, belly]. Minutely ventricose. Ventriculous (ven-trik/-u-ſus). Same as Ventricular. Ventriculus (ven-trik/-u-lus). See Ventricle. An ap- VENTRICUMBENT Ventricumbent (ven - trik-um/-bent) [venter, belly; cubere, to lie]. Prone; lying with the ventral surface down. Ventriduct (ven/- trid - ukt) [venter, belly; ducere, to lead]. To carry toward the belly. Ventriloquism (ven-tril/-o-kwizm)[venter, belly; loqui, to speak]. Peculiar vocal utterance without the usual modifications of the resonance-organs, so that the voice seems to come from a closed space or from a distance. Ventrimesal (ven - trim - eſ- zal) [venter, belly; uéoov, middle]. Pertaining to or situated on the ventrimeson. At or toward the ventral edge of the meson, or ventral mesal or median line. See the opposite— Dorsimesa/, also, Position and Direction, Table of Antrzzzszc Zerms. Ventrimeson (zen-trim-e'-zon) [venter, belly; ačoov, middle]. The mesial line on the ventral aspect of the body. The ventral edge of the meson or median plane of the body. The ventral median or mesal line. Cf. Dorsimeson ; also, Position and Direc- tion, Table of Intrinsic Terms. - Ventripyramid (ven - trip - ir/- am - id.) [venter, belly; pyramis, pyramid]. An anterior pyramid of the ob- longata. Ventrocystorrhaphy (ven-tro-sis-tor/-a-fe) [venter, venter; Küotic, cyst; bapſ, suture]. The surgical operation of attaching to the wall of the abdomen the opened cyst-wall, so as to provide a free discharge of its contents. Ventrodorsally (ven - fro-dor/-sa/-e) [venter, belly; dorsum, back]. In a direction between the dorsal and ventral aspects. Ventrofixation (ven-tro-ſińs-a/-shun) [ventrofixatio]. The fixation of a displaced viscus to the abdominal wall. Ventroinguinal (ven-tro-in/-gwin-al) [venter, belly; inguinal J. Pertaining to the abdomen and the groin. - - Ventro-laterad (ven-tro-lat/-er-ad) [venter, belly; la- tus, side]. Toward the ventral and lateral aspects. Ventromesal (ven-tro-me/-zal). Same as Ventrimesal. Ventrose (ven’-tröz) [ventrosus]. Having a belly, or a swelling like a belly. Ventrosity (ven-tros/-īt-e) [ventrositas]. pendulousness of the abdomen. Ventrotomy (ven-trot/-o-me) [venter, belly; touff, a cut]. The operation of surgical incision of the ab- dominal cavity. Venula (ven/-u-lah) [venula, dim. of vena, a vein: pl., Venulae]. In biology, a small vein or veinlet. Venule (ven/-ill). See Venula. Venulose (ven/-u-ló2) [vemula, dim. of vena, a vein]. In biology, furnished with veinlets. Venulous (ven/-u-lus) [vemula, a small vein]. veinlets. Venus Flycatcher, or Flytrap. See Diomaca. Veratralbin (ver-at- ra/-bin) [veratrum, veratrum; albus, white]. An alkaloid obtained from White Aze/Zebore. Veratria (ver-a/-tre-ah). See Veratrina. Veratric Acid (ver-a/-trić). See Acid. Veratrin (ver-a/-trim) [veratrum, veratrum], Cs, Hip- NOo. 1. See Veratrina. 2. Cevadin. This occurs, together with veratric acid and other alkaloids, in white hellebore and in Sabadilla seeds. It crystallizes from alcohol in prisms and melts at 205° C. 3. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Veratrum viride; it is cathartic, nervine, arterial sedative, re- Corpulence; Full of solvent, anodyne, etc. Dose 96 to 9% grain. Unof. V., Oleat., veratrin 2, oleic acid 98 parts. V., Ung., veratrin 4, alcohol 6, benzoinated lard 90 parts. 1597 VERGA'S VENTRICLE Veratrina, Veratrine (ver-at-ri’-mah, ver at/-rin) [L.]. A mixture of alkaloids obtained from the seeds of Asagraºa officinalis. It is an exceedingly poisonous local irritant, and is used mainly as an external appli- cation for neuralgia, gout, and rheumatism. Dose gr. 1. Veratrization (ver- at - riz -a/- shun) [veratrum, vera- trum]. Subjection to the influence of veratrin; vera- trin-poisoning. Veratrum (ver-a/-trum) [L., hellebore]. A genus of liliaceous plants. V. album, white hellebore, a European plant closely related to V. viride. It is a violent emetic and cathartic, and is actively poisonous; it is now little used, except as an insect-powder. For this use it is highly valued, as it destroys many insects which the ordinary buhach does not affect. Unof. V. sabadilla. Cevadilla, cebadilla, a bulb- ous plant of the order Melanthaceae, it contains a number of alkaloids, and is the source of Veratrina. The seeds are official in the B. P. under the name Sabadilla. V. viride [gen., Veratri viridis], American hellebore; the rhizome and rootlets of the plant contain jervin, veratrin, and other alkaloids. It is a powerful depressant of the heart and a paralyzant of the spinal cord. Its action is similar to that of aco- nite, but is regarded as inferior. It is highly esteemed in puerperal fevers, pneumonia, and aneurysm. V., Ext., Fld. Dose mi—iv. V., Tinct., 50 per cent. Dose m if—x. Verbascum (ver-bas/-kum) [L., mullein]. A genus of Scrophulariaceous plants, including mullein, the leaves of V. thapsus L., or common mullein. The latter is emollient, demulcent, and slightly anodyne, and is a popular domestic remedy in pulmonary tuberculosis and other pulmonary affections, being palliative to the cough. It is useful in diarrhea and in inflammations of the urinary tract. Dose of fluid extract gtt. x-xx. Verbena (ver-be’-mah) [L.]. A genus of flowering plants of some 80 species, once highly esteemed in medicine, but now little used. V. hastata, blue vervain, is expectorant and emetic; V. officinalis and V. triphylla, antispasmodic; V. urticifolia, diuretic. Unof. Verbigerate (zer-biſ/-er-āţ) [veróigere, to talk]. To make use of verbigeration. Verbigeration (ver-bij-er-a/-shun) [verbigere, to talk]. The frequent and uncontrollable repetition of one and the same word, sentence, or sound, without reference to its meaning; abnormal repetition of words. Verdet (vár-da/) [Fr.]. A fungous disease of maize due to the presence of parasites — Ustilago segetum, Credo carbo, or Sporisorium maidis—on the grains. It was erroneously believed to cause pellagra. Verdigris (ver’-dig-ris) [ME., verdegrese, verdigris]. A deposit upon copper vessels from the formation of cupric salts. See Copper, and Pigments, Conspec- tus of. V., Blue, a deposit consisting in the main of bibasic acetate of copper. V., Common, basic cupric acetate. V., Green, a bright, very bluish-green ver- digris composed of a mixture of several acetates, but mainly of sesquibasic cupric acetate. Verditer (ver/-dit-er) [Fr., verde de ferre, earth green]. A name applied to two pigments. V., Blue, is either a carbonate of copper or a mixture of copper oxid with hydrated lime. V., Green, is an impure carbonate of copper with chalk. Both are used as pigments. Verdure (ver/-dār) [viridis, green]. Green vegetation. Verdurous (ver/-dār-us) [viridis, green]. Covered with verdure; verdant. Veretrum (ver-et/-rum). Synonym of Penis. Verga's Ventricle. A cleft-like space occasionally found between the fornix and the callosum. VERGE Verge (vury) [virga, a rod]. In biology, the male organ of crabs, arising from the sternum or from the coxal joint of the posterior feet. Vergens (vur/-jenz) [L.]. Inclining. V. deorsum, tending or inclining downward, as of the axis of vision of one eye in strabismus. V. Sursum, upward in- clination or tending. Verheyen, Stars of. Venous plexuses of stellate form situated on the surface of the kidney, beneath its capsule. They unite to form the interlobular veins. Verin (ver’- in) [vera/rum, hellebore], CosFI is NOs. An amorphous alkaloid obtained from veratrin. Verjuice (ver/jūs) [Fr., verſus]. The expressed juice of unripe fruits. Vermian (ver/-me-an) [vermis, a worm]. of or pertaining to worms; worm-like. Vermicelli (ver - mis-el/-e) [It., little worms]. An Italian paste consisting mainly of flour, cheese, and egg, rolled into small, worm-like cylinders. It is a favorite ingredient of soups. Vermicidal (ver-mis-i/-dal) [vermis, worm ; cadere, to kill]. Destroying worms. Vermicide (ver/-mis-id) [vermis, a worm; cadere, to kill]. A medicine or agent that kills intestinal worms. Vermicular (ver-mik/-at-lar) [vermicularis; vermis, worm]. Worm-shaped or with worm-like motion. Vermiculate (ver-mik/-u-lat) [vermiculatus]. Resem- bling or shaped like a worm. In biology, (a) marked with tortuous, wavy lines or depressions; (b) infested with worms. Vermiculation (ver-mik - at - la/- shun) [vermiculatio]. The peculiar motion of certain tubular organs, such as the esophagus and the intestines, consisting in the pro- gressive contraction of successive parts of the tube. Vermicule (ver’-mik-ii/) [vermiculus, a small worm]. A little worm or grub. Vermiculose (ver-miſſ"-at-lóz) [vermiculus, a little worm]. Full of worms; worm-like. Vermiculus (ver-mik/-u-lus) [L.]. A little worm or grub. Vermiform (ver/- miſ-orm) [vermiformis; vermis, worm; forma, a form]. Having a shape like a worm. V. Appendage, or Appendix, a worm-shaped tube at the lower and back part of the cecum. V. Process, Inferior and Superior, the vermis of the cerebellum. Vermifugal (ver-mif/-u-gal) [vermis, worm; ſugare, to flee]. Having the qualities of a vermifuge; expel- ling worms. Vermifuge (ver’-miſ-àj) [vermis, worm ; ſugare, to expel]. A medicine or agent that expels intestinal WOrn].S. Vermigrade (ver/-mig-rád) [vermis, worm ; gradi, to In biology, walk]. Moving like a worm. Vermilion (ver-mil/-yum). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Vermin (ver’-min) [vermis, worm]. A general (and mainly collective) name for parasitic animals and for semi-parasites, such as fleas and bed-bugs. Vermination (ver-min-a/-shum) [vermis, worm]. In- festation with worms; the condition of one affected with worms. Verminous (ver/-min-us) [vermis, worm]. with or having the characters of worms. Vermiparous (ver-mip/-ar-us) [vermis, worm ; parere, to bear]. Producing or breeding worms. Vermis (ver/-mis) [L. : pl., Vermes]. I. A worm. See Worm. 2. The mesal lobe of the cerebellum. Vermivorous (ver-miv'-or-us) [vermis, worm; vorare, to devour]. Worm-eating. Vermix (ver/- miks). A contraction, used by Minot and some German writers, of the term Vermiform Appendix. Affected 1598 VERRUCA Vermouth (ver’-muth) [Ger., wermuth, wormwood]. A cordial prepared from white wine and flavored with wormwood; esteemed as an appetizer. Vernacular (ver-mak/-u-lar) [vernaculus, native]. The language or dialect of one’s own country. Vernal (ver/-nal) [vernalis, of the spring]. Pertain- ing to the spring, V. Conjunctivitis, a conjunctival inflammation or congestion, occurring chiefly in the young, recurring each spring or summer, and dis- appearing with frost. Vernation (ver-ma/-shun) [vernare, to flourish, bloom]. In biology, the arrangement of leaves within the bud; prefoliation. - Verneuil’s Neuroma. roma cirSoideum. Vernicose (ver/-nik-52) [vermix, varnish]. having a varnished appearance. Vernier (ver/-ne-a) [after Paul Vernier, the inventor]. In physics, a contrivance attached to various instru- ments of precision for the estimation of minute fractions of any unit of distance. Vernin (ver/-min). A leukomain base found in young vetch, clover, ergot, etc.; it yields guanin on heating with hydrochloric acid. See Leukomains, Table of Vernix (ver' - miàs) [L.J. Same as Varnish. V. caseosa, “ Cheesy Varnish.” A sebaceous deposit covering the surface of the fetus. Verona Brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of Veronese Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of Vernonia (ver-mo/-ne-ah) [after William Vernon, an English botanist]. A genus of composite-flowered plants of some 500 recognized species. V. cinerea is esteemed in India as a febrifuge; V. anthelmintica affords a kind of wormseed; V. nigritiana, of Africa, is febrifugal and acts on the heart. Unof. Vernonin (ver-mo/-min) [after William Vermon, an English botanist]. A glucosid, the active principle of the root of Vermonia nigriſiana, an African plant. Its properties are similar to those of digitalis, though its poisonous properties are much less. Veronica (ve-rom/-īk-ah) [vera, true; elków, image]. A genus of scrophulariaceous herbs and shrubs of some 200 species. V. becoabunga, antiscorbutic. Unof. V. officinalis is diuretic and diaphoretic. V. vir- ginica. See Culver's Physic. Verriculate (ver-ić/-u-laf) [verriculum, a drag-net]. Covered with verricules. - Verricule (ver/-ik-zil) [verriculum, a drag-net]. In biology, a thick-set tuft of upright parallel hairs. Verruca (ver-ru/- Áah). [L. : pl., Verrucae]. Wart; single or multiple, hard or soft, rounded, flattened, or acuminate, circumscribed, papillary excrescences on the skin, variable in color and smooth at the summit, or studded with moniliform elevations or with clusters of minute, pointed, horny filaments. V. acuminata, Condyloma, moist wart, fig wart, cauliflower excres- cence, venereal warf, a warty growth occurring in parts especially subjected to maceration with sweat, venereal secretions, and mucous discharges, such as the genital and anal regions of both sexes. They are flat, acuminate, whitish, reddish, pinkish, or flesh-tinted, sessile or pedunculated masses of vegetations, com- monly smeared with a thin, excessively offensive secretion. They may be single and small, or as large as the fist; often they are very numerous. They are highly vascular. V. ani, condylomata about the anus. V. congenita, a wart appearing at or shortly after birth. V. digitata, flat warts characterized by digitations springing from the center or border. V. febrilis. Same as Variola verrucosa. V. filiformis, a thread-like wart, single or multiple, congenital oy acquired, seen often on the face, neck, eyelids, and ears, A plexiform neuroma or neu- Glistening, VERRUCIFORM as well as the trunk. V. follicularis, wart-like ac- cumulations around the mouths of the sebaceous follicles. They are composed of dried epithelium and sebaceous matter. V. glabra, a smooth wart. V. necrogenica, Anatomic tubercle, Aost-mortem warf, zwarty tubercle, Zuberculosis verrucosa cutis, a warty excresence found usually on the fingers of those who frequently handle the tissues of tuberculous subjects. It begins as a vesicular or pustular lesion rising from an engorged base, and may be a purely local disorder, or give rise to general infection. V. perstans, a wart that does not tend to spontaneously disappear. V. plana, a flattish wart with a slight elevation and broad and relatively smooth surface; seen in older patients. V. sebacea, the type met with in persons of sebor- rheic tendency and uncleanly habits. V. senilis, Aeratosis pigmentosa ; a flattened and markedly pig- mented wart of old people. It occurs on the face, trunk, hands, and genital regions usually. It often undergoes an epitheliomatous metamorphosis. V. sessilis. Same as P. plazza. V. subunguinalis, a soft wart growing under the nails. V. syphilitica, syphilitic condylomata. Verrucae venereae, tuber- cular syphiloderm arranged in clusters. V. vulgaris, the single or multiple horny warts, in size from a pin- head to a pea, seen often on the hands of young persons of both sexes. - Verruciform (ver-u/-siſ-orm) [verruca, wart; forma, form]. Wart-like. Verrucose, Verrucous (ver’-u-kóz, ver’-u-kus) [ver- rucosus]. Warty; covered with or having warts. Verrucula (ver-u/-ku-lah) [L. : pl., Verruculae]. A little wart; a minute, wart-like eminence. Verruculose (ver-u/-ku-/oz) [verrucula, a little wart]. Marked by small, warty growths. Verrugas (ver - w/-gahs) [Sp.]. See Verruca. V. peruana, Carrion's Disease (after Daniel A. Carrion, a Peruvian medical student). Peruvian Wart; a nar- rowly endemic, specific disease of the skin occurring in the Western Andes, in Peru. It consists in the de- velopment of raised spots, in size from a lentil to a pea, which become cylindric, conic, or hemispheric tumors, in size from a raspberry to an orange. Severe febrile symptoms precede the eruption of the lesions. The consistence is soft or elastic ; the epidermis thins over the tumor; cracks and bleeding, often copious, follow. There may be hundreds of the tumors, which ulcerate and fungate. Death usually results from pro- found anemia. The disease is believed to be due to a special bacillus known as Yzquierdo's bacillus, hav- ing been first described by Professor Yzquierdo of Santiago de Chile. º Versatile (ver/-sat-il) [versare, to turn]. swinging or moving freely; reversible. Versicolor (ver-sik-u!’-or) [versare, to change ; color, color]. Of variegated or changing color. Versio (ver’-2he-o). Same as Version. Version (ver’-zhun) [versio; vertere, to turn]. . Turn- ing: an obstetric operation whereby one end of the fetal ovoid is made to replace the other. V., Abdominal. Same as V., External. V., Ano-pelvic, a variety of pelvic version, the child being seized by the pubic arch through the mother's pelvis. V., Bipolar, version by acting upon both poles of the fetus. V., Cephalic, turning the fetus so as to bring the head to present. V., Combined, bipolar version, consisting of a combi- nation of external and internal version, V., External, version effected by external manipulation. V., French Method of, podalic version, in which the hand is first directed to the breech and then follows down the thighs to the feet. V., German Method of, podalic version, in which the hand is carried In biology, 1599 VERSION directly over the abdominal aspect of the fetus to the feet. V., Internal, by entering the hand within the uterus. V., Mixed. Same as V., Combined. V., Pelvic, turning the fetus so as to bring about a breech- presentation. V., Podalic, bringing down one or both feet. V., Spontaneous, the process whereby a transverse position is, without external influence, changed into a longitudinal one. V., Two-finger, version by the introduction of two fingers into the Ulterus. SECOND PART OF THE FIRST STAGE OF BIPOLAR VERSION, when HEAD BECOMEs ExtENDED. (After R. Barnes.) VERTEBRA 1600 zzzzzzzz' " ~~~~... . ~32 - .2 : .* 2. 2” - º - ... * ... . .º.º.º.º.º. * wº 2 Nº *...* º Z-r’ - º º º aujº, aſſiſſiº ſ . % E. i" AEA.º.º. }§ | iº y SEconD STAGE OF BIPOLAR VERSION. (After R. Barnes.) - -- *.x £1 ." - •- º A. - %s... .. ... ." A w Ø- 2. * º ºf Ø UN 22% Nº. | * 3. - §ſº Ø Q *Nº. COMMENCEMENT OF THIRD STAGE OF BIPOLAR VERSION. (After R. Bazºnes.) Vertebra (ver/-fe-brah) [vertere, to turn: ?/., Vertebræ]. The vertebrae in man are the 33 bones forming the spine or vertebral column, divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic or dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal. In a wider sense any axial metamere of the skull or of the neuroskeleton is called a vertebra. V., Basilar, the last lumbar vertebra. Vae., Caudal, the vertebrae of the tail. Vae., Cephalic, the bones of the skull con- sidered as vertebral in type. Vae., Cranial, vertebrae formed of the cranial bones and the osseous and carti- laginous appendages of the skull. V. dentata, the axis, or second cervical. Vae., Dorsal, same as Pa., Thoracic. Vae., False, or Fixed, the united portions of the coccyx and the sacrum. Vae., Pelvic. Same as Væ., Sacra!. V. prominens, the seventh cer- vical. Vae., Sacral, the five bones entering into the formation of the sacrum. Vae., Thoracic, the costiferous vertebrae, numbering twelve in man. V., VERTEBRATION * SECOND PART OF THIRD STAGE OF BIPOLAR VER- SION. (After R. Barnes.) Tricuspid, in lower animals the sixth cer- vical vertebra, Vae., True, the cer vical, thoracic, and lumb a r vertebrae. Those which are not fused in adult life. Vae., United. Same as Væ., A'alse. Vertebral (ver/-re-bra/) [vertebralis]. Pertain- ing to or characteristic of a vertebra ; made up of or possessing verte- brae. V. Canal. See Canal. V. Column, the spine, or back-bone, composed of the verte- brae. Vertebrarterial (ver-te- &rar-ge’-re-a/)[vertebra, vertebra; diprepeta, ar- tery]. Belonging or per- taining to the vertebral arteries or veins. Vertebrata (ver-te-bra/- tah) [vertebra, a verte- bra]. In biology, a great division of the animal kingdom, including all animals having a spinal column, or its equivalent body axis. Vertebrate (ver/-te-brāt) [ver tebra, vertebra]. Having or pertaining to vertebrae. B º *: t º —47 % º Nº. —Aſ) £º º ºſiti'i' W. mºrº º . … * , As º ſ *; fºil º sº º jºy * º: º rº VERTEBRAL Column, LATERAL ASPECT. r—7. Cervical vertebrae. \º 8–19. Dorsal verte- * brae. 20-24. Lumbar vertebrae. A, A. Spi- nous processes. B, B. Arti- cular facets of transverse processes of first ten dorsal vertebrae. C. Auricular sur- face of sacrum. D. Foramina in transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. Vertebration (ver-te-bra/-shun) [vertebra, vertebra]. VERTEBRO-BASILAR Separation into vertebrae, or into metameres resem- bling the vertebrae. Vertebro-basilar (ver-te-bro-baz/-il-ar) [vertebra, verte- bra; 3áoug, base]. Belonging to the vertebrae and the base of the skull. Vertebro-chondral (ver-te-bro-Aom/-dral) [vertebra vertebra ; 2 ověpág, cartilage]. Connecting the costal cartilages with the vertebrae. Vertebro-costal (ver-te-bro-Aosſ-tal) [vertebra, verte- bra ; costa, rib]. Pertaining to the vertebrae and the ribs. Vertebrodidymia (ver-te-bro-did-im/-e-ah) [vertebra, vertebra; 6tóv/log, twinj. A monstrosity formed by two individuals united by the vertebrae. Vertebro-femoral (ver-te-bro-fem/-or-a/) [vertebra, ver- tebra; femur, femur]. Pertaining to the vertebral column and the femur. Vertebro-iliac (ver-te-bro-i/-e-aſſ) [vertebra, vertebra; ilium, ilium]. Pertaining to the vertebrae and the ilium. Vertebrosacral (ver-te-bro-sa/-äral) [vertebra, verte- bra ; sacrum, sacrum]. Pertaining to the sacral and antecedent vertebrae. Vertebrosternal (ver-te-bro-stur/-mal) [vertebra, verte- bra; otépwov, sternum.J. Extending, as a rib, from the spinal column to the sternum. V. Ribs, the true ribs. Vertebrum (ver/-te- brum) [L.]. femur. Vertex (ver/-teås) [L.]. The crown or top of the head. The apex of an organ. See Craniometric Points. Vertical (ver/- tić - al) [vertex, a polar axis]. taining to the vertex. In a direction at an angle of 90° with the horizontal. V. Diameter of Cra- nium, an imaginary line from the basion to the bregma. Verticil (ver/-tis-il) [verticillus, the whirl of a spindle]. In biology, a whorl; a circle of leaves, tentacles, hairs, organs, or processes radiating from an axis on the same horizontal plane. Verticillaster (ver-tis-iſ-as/-ter) [verticillus, the whirl of a spindle]. In biology, a term applied to the pairs of opposite cymes that occur in the axils of the leaves of mints, and at first sight resemble whorls. Verticillastrate (ver-tis-il-asſ-trat) [verticillus, the whirl of a spindle]. Arranged in verticillasters. Verticillate (ver - tis - il / - aſ ) [verticillus, a whirl]. Whorled. V.-pilose, pilose or hairy in whorls. Verticillation (ver-tis-il-a/-shun) [verticillus, a whirl]. The formation of a verticil. Verticillus (ver-tis-i//-us) [L]. A verticil. Vertico-mental (ver-tº-o-men'-tal) [vertex, vertex; mentum, chin]. Pertaining to the vertex and the chin. V. Triangle. See Triangle. Vertiginous (ver-tij/-in-us) [verſere, to turn]. Resem- bling or affected with vertigo. V. Status, a term applied to the condition in which paroxysms of vertigo occur in rapid succession. Vertigo (ver/-rig-o) [L., verſere, to turn]. Giddiness, dizziness. The sensation of a lack of equilibrium. This condition may be due to pathologic conditions of the ears (Auditory P. ), the eyes (Ocular V.), the brain (Cerebral V.), the stomach (Gastric V.), the blood, etc. It may be subjective or objective. V., Auditory. See Ménière’s Disease. V., Aural, laby- rinthine vertigo, or Ménière's Disease. V., Bilious, vertigo due to derangement of hepatic function. V., Cerebral, vertigo caused by cerebral disorder. V., Epileptic, vertigo due to or associated with epilepsy. V., Essential, when no abnormalism of the body can be found to account for it. V., Gastric. Same as V., Stomachal. V., Horizontal, vertigo which appears The head of the Per- 1601 VESICLE when the patient assumes a horizontal position. V., Intestinal, vertigo caused by intestinal disorder. V., Labyrinthine. See Ménière's Disease. V., Laryn- geal, a name applied to a group of symptoms of rare occurrence that may appear in connection with recog- nized nervous diseases, as posterior spinal sclerosis or epilepsy, or without obvious explanation. It is accom- panied by pain or spasm of the larynx, and perhaps syncope. V., Lateral, vertigo which is due to the rapid passing of similar objects, as fence-palings. V., Mechanical, vertigo caused by mechanical move- ments. V., Ménière's. See Ménière’s Disease. V., Neurasthenic, subjective vertigofound in neurasthenia. V., Objective, when objects seem to the patient to move. V., Paralyzing. See Gerlier’s Disease. V., Riders’, dizziness occurring in some persons from rid- ing in the cars. V., Rotatory, vertigo produced by rotation of the body, or by seeing rotating objects. V., Smokers’, a form of vertigo occurring chiefly in men past fifty years of age, especially those accustomed to smoke before meals. It may be arterio-sclerotic in character. V. Stomachal, vertigo arising from dys- pepsia. V., Subjective, when the patient himself seems to move. V., Vertical, vertigo caused by look- ing downward from or upward to a height. Verugas (ver-u/-gas). Same as Verrugas. Verumontanum (ver-u-mon/-ta-num) [veru, a spit; mons, a mountain]. The caput gallinaginis, a longi- tudinal ridge on the floor of the canal of the male urethra. Vesalius, Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. V., Glands of. See Gland. V., Ligament of, Poupart's ligament. V., Vein of. See Vein. Vesania (ves-aſ-ne-ah) [L.]. Unsoundness of mind. Vesica (ves/-īk-ah) [L. : gen, and pl., Vesica). The bladder. Vesical (ves/-ić - al) [vesicalis, vesica, a bladder]. Pertaining to or having the nature of a bladder. V. Triangle. See Triangles, Table of Vesicant (ves/-īk-ant) [vesicare, to blister]. I. ing. 2. A blistering agent or application. Vesication (ves -ić -a/-shan) [vesicatio, vesicare, to blister]. The formation of a blister; a blister. Vesicatory (ves/-īk-aſ-or-e) [vesica/orium]. A medi- cine or agent that, applied to the skin, produces a blister. Vesicle (wes/-īk-/) [vesica, bladder, blister]. In biology, a small, membranous, bladder-like formation. See also Popule. V., Allantoic, the internal portion of the allantois. V., Auditory, the sac in the fetus from which the internal ear is formed. V. of Baer, the Blister- ovum of the Graafian vesicle. V. of Balbiani. Same as Volé-nucleus. V., Blastodermic. See A/asſo- derm. V., Blood. A Blood-corpuscle. Vs., Cere- bral. Same as Vs., AEmceſ/a/ic. Vs., Encephalic, the divisions of the cephalic extremity of the primitive neural tube ; they are formed early in fetal life and constitute the protons of the segments of the brain. V., Germinal. See Macula and Zona pe//ucida. V., Gland. Same as Acinus. Vs., Graafian, the ovisacs of the ovary containing the ova. V., Kupffer's. See Auffer. V., Malignant. Synonym of Con- tagious Anthrax. Vs. of Naboth. Same as Ovule of Aſaboth, g. v. V., Ocular, a protrusion in the fetus that is the first indication of the eye. V., Olfactory, the primitive vesicle which develops into the olfactory lobe. V., Otic, a pear-shaped, closed sac of the embryonic inner ear formed by the fusion of the lips of the auditory pit, and giving rise by a diverticulum to the recessus vestibuli. See P., Audi- tory. V., Pituitary, the primitive vesicle which de- velops into the hypophysis. V. of Purkinje. See IOI VESICO- Macula. V., Seminal, the lobulated pouches of a membrane between the base of the bladder and the rectum that serve as reservoirs for the semen. V., Umbilical. See Yolk-sac. Vesico- (ves/-īk-o-) [vesica, bladder]. A prefix to de- note relation to or connection with the bladder. Vesico-abdominal (ves/-ić-o-ab-dom/-in-al) [vesica, bladder; abdomen, abdomen]. Belonging to the abdomen and the urinary bladder. Vesicocele (wes/-ić-o-se/) [vesica, bladder; ká%m, her- nia]. Hernia of the bladder. Vesico-cervical (ves/-īk-o-ser/-vić-a/) [vesica, bladder; cervix, cervix]. Belonging to the cervix uteri and the urinary bladder. Vesicoclysis (ves-ić-o/-ſis-is) [vesica, bladder; K%iotç, a drenching]. The injection of fluid into the bladder. Vesico-prostatic (ves/-īk-o-pros-ſat/-i}) [vesica, blad- der; Tpootár/g, prostate]. Belonging to the pros- tate gland and the urinary bladder. Vesico-pubic (ves’. A -o-pu'-bić) [vesica, bladder; pubis, pubis]. Pertaining to the urinary bladder and to the pubes. Vesico-rectal (ves/-īk-o- reſº/-tal) [vesica, bladder; rectum, rectum]. Pertaining conjointly to the blad- der and the rectum. Vesico-spinal (ves/-ić-o-spi/-ma/) [vesica, bladder; spina, spine]. Belonging to the urinary bladder and the spinal cord. Vesicotomy (ves-ik-of/-o-me) [vesica, bladder; tāuvety, to cut]. Incision of the bladder, usually of the urinary bladder. Vesico-umbilical (ves-à-o-um-bi/-ī4-al) [vesica, bladder; umbilicus, umbilicus]. Belonging to the umbilicus and the urinary bladder. - Vesico-uterine (ves -ić-o-º/-ter-in) [vesica, bladder; auterus, uterus]. Belonging to the uterus and the Aurinary bladder. V.-u. folds, two semilunar folds which pass between the neck of the uterus and the posterior surface of the bladder. Vesico-vaginal (ves/-īk-o-vaj'-in-a/) [vesica, bladder; zagina, vagina]. Pertaining conjointly to the bladder and the vagina. Vesicula (ves-ić/-u-la/) [dim. of vesica, a bladder ; pl., Vesicula]. A vesicle or papule containing lymph. Applied, also, to a number of pouches or bladder-like bodies. V. cordylares, cordylar auditory vesicles of the Marmonemidae and Geryonidae among Medusae. V. graafianae, the vesicles in the outer layer and stroma of the ovary, each of which contains an ovum. V. nabothi, the small glandular bodies within the mouth of the uterus. V. prostatica, the depres- sion or cul-de-sac, called, also, the sinus focularis, which traverses the prostate gland beneath its middle lobe. It is the male homologue of the uterus, devel- oped from the Müllerian ducts. V. seminales, the two lobulated, membranous pouches between the base of the bladder and the rectum. They constitute reservoirs for the semen. V. serosa, the false am- nion. See Amnion. Vesicular (ves -ić/- u - lar) [vesicula, a little bladder]. Pertaining to or having vesicles. V. Breathing or Murmur, the fine, normal, inspiratory, auscultatory sound heard over the chest. V. Column, the gan- glionic column of the spinal cord. V. Column, Posterior. See Clarke's Column. V. Cylinder, Clarke's column. V. Eczema, eczema attended with the formation of vesicles. V. Emphysema. See Amphysema. V. Erysipelas, erysipelas attended with the formation of vesicles. V. Fever. Synonym of Pemphigus. V. Germ. See Blastosphere. V. Glands, in biology, glands containing a volatile oil placed just beneath the epidermis of a leaf or of the 1602 \ VESTIBULAR bark. V. Quality, the quality of sound character- izing the vesicular respiratory murmur. V. Râle. See Rále. V. Resonance. See Resonance. V. Stomatitis. Same as Stomatitis, Aphthous. - Vesiculate (ves-iº/-u-lat) [vesicula, a little bladder]. I. Having a vesicle. 2. To become vesicular. Vesiculated (ves-i}/-u-la-fed) [vesicula, a little blad- der]. Hydatidiform ; appearing like a bunch of grapes. - Vesiculation (ves-ik-u-la/-shun) [vesicula, a little blad- der]. The formation of vesicles; the condition of having vesicles. Vesicule (ves/-īā-āl). Same as Vesicle. Vesiculiferous (ves-ić-at-Af’-er-us) [vesicula, bladder; ferre, to bear]. Bearing or having vesicles. Vesiculiform (ves-iº/-u-liform) [vesicula, a little blad- der; forma, form]. Having the form of a vesicle. Vesiculitis (ves-ik-u-li’-tis) [vesicula, vesicle; traç, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the seminal vesicles. Vesiculo-bronchial (ves-ik/-u-lo-brong/-ke-a!) [vesic- ula, vesicle; 8póyxog, bronchus]. Both vesicular and bronchial, as a vesiculo-bronchial respiratory murmur. Vesiculo-cavernous (ves-ić/-u-lo-Aav/-er-mus) [vesic- zela, vesicle; cavernous). Partaking of both vesicular and cavernous qualities. Vesiculose (ves-i}/-u-lóz) [vesicula, a vesicle]. uliform. Vesiculo-tubular (ves -ić/-u-lo-tu'-bu-lar) [vesicula, vesicle ; tubulus, a tubule]. Both vesicular and tub- ular (a qualification for certain respiratory sounds). Vesiculo-tympanitic (ves-i}/-u-lo-tim-pam-it/-ä) [ves- lcula, vesicle ; tipitravov, drum], Partaking of both vesicular and tympanitic qualities. Vesiculous (ves-i}/-u-lus). Same as Vesicular. Vesiculus (ves-i}/-u-lus) [L.J. Same as Vesicle. Vespajus (ves-pa/jus) [vespa, a wasp). A follicular and suppurative inflammation of the hairy part of the Scalp. Vespertine (ves/-per-tin) [vesper, evening]. In biology, of or pertaining to the evening; crepuscular, as many beetles, moths, bats, and birds, which are active at twilight. Vespiary (ves/-pe-a-re) [vespa, a wasp). wasp’s nest. Cf. Apiary. Vespiform (ves/-piform) [vespa, wasp; forma, form]. Wasp-like. Vesque's Method. A method of producing crystals, resembling in most respects those which are found in plant-cells. Three test-tubes are placed side by side; in the first is a moderately strong solution of calcic chlorid, in the middle one a 5 per cent. solution of sugar, and in the third a solution of potassic oxalate. From the liquid in the first a short strip of filtering paper runs to that in the second, and a similar strip passes from the second to the third test-tube; and thus the liquids in the three tubes are brought into direct contact. Crystals will be formed in the middle tube, their character depending upon the nature of the liquid there. In a solution of sugar, raphides are produced; in pure water, prisms of small size, but with sharply defined faces and angles. (Goodale.) Vessel (ves/-el) [ME., vessel, vessell. Any tube or canal through which the fluids, especially the blood, of the body circulate. See Was, Artery, Vein, Capil- Mary, Lymphatic. Vs., Absorbent, the lymphatics and lacteals. V., Chyliferous, absorbent vessels ex- tending from the intestinal walls to the thoracic duct. Vs., Hemorrhoidal, varicose veins of the rectum. Vs., Lacteal. Same as Vs., Chyliſerous. Vs., Umbilical, the umbilical arteries and veins. Vestibular (ves-tib/-u-lar) [vestibulum, porch]. Per- taining to any vestibulum or vestibule. Vesic- In biology, al VESTIBULATE Vestibulate (ves-fib’-u-lat) [vestibulum, vestibule]. Having a vestibule; vestibular. Vestibule (ves’-tib-ill) [vestibulum, a porch]. A porch or threshold. V., Aortic, the space formed by the left ventricle adjoining the root of the aorta. V. of the Ear, the oval cavity of the internal ear, which forms the entrance to the cochlea. V. of the Mouth, that portion of the mouth outside of the teeth. V. of the Nose, the external nostrils. V. of the Ven- tricles, the entrance to the ventricles of the brain. V. of the Vulva. See Bulbi vestibuli. Vestibulum (ves-fib/-u-ſum) [L. : gen., Vestibuli, pl., Vestibula]. See Vestibule. Especially applied to the vestibule or cavity of the internal ear. It is situ- ated behind the cochlea and in front of the semicircu- lar canals. Vestige (ves/-tij) [vestigium, foot-print]. In biology, a trace, sign, or remnant of something formerly pres- ent or more fully developed. See Audiment, Ves- £gºal. - Vestigia (ves -tj/-e-ah) [L., plural of Vestigium]. Parts of the body that may have no evident use in man, and yet may subserve important functions in lower animals, e.g., the muscles of the external ear. V. rerum [L., “foot-prints of things”], the hypo- thetic changes which sensations impress upon the brain-substance, and which serve as a physical basis for memory. Vestigial (ves-tij/-e-al) [vestigium, a vestige]. Of the nature of the vestigia. Existing only as a trace or vestige of what formerly existed; rudimentary. V. Reflex. See Reflex. Vestigiary (ves-ty’-e-a-re) [vestigium, foot-print]. Ves- tigial. - vºium (ves-fift /-e-um) [L., a foot-print: pl., Ves- tigia]. An anatomic relic of fetal or embryonic life. Thus, the thymus gland becomes in adults a vestigium. Vestiture (ves’-tit-àr) [vestire, to dress, clothe]. In biology, the epidermal investment, as hair, feathers, scales. Vesuvin (ve-su/-win) [ Vesuvius, a volcano near Naples]. Bismarck brown; triamidobenzol; phenylene-brown; used as a histologic stain. See Pigments, Conspectus O7. vá, (ve/-tah). See Mareo. Veterinarian (vet-er-in-a/-re-an) [veterinarius, of or belonging to beasts of burden]. One who practises veterinary medicine. Veterinary (vet/-er-in-a-re) [veterinarius]. Pertaining to animals. V. Medicine, the art and science of medicine as applied to the domestic animals. Veternomania (vet-er-no-ma/-ne-ah) [veternus, lethar- gic ; plavia, mania]. Typhomania. Veternositas (vet-er-mosſ-it-as) [veternus, old, lethar- gic]. Same as Coma-vigil. Vetiveria (vet-iv-e'-re-ah) [E. Ind., vettivayr]. A grass, Andropogon muricatus, of S. Asia. It affords a highly fragrant, volatile oil, and its infusion is refrigerant. Unof. Vexillar (veks/-i/-ar) [vexillum, standard]. Vexillary. Vexillary (vehs/-il-a-re) [verillarius, a standard-bearer]. In biology, applied to that form of imbricate estiva- tion observed in the corolla of the pea, in which the other petals are enwrapped by the vexillum. Vexillate (veks'-il-āt) [vexillum, a standard]. logy, having vexilla or pogonia. Vexillum (veks-il/-um) [vehere, to carry; pl., Vexilla]. In biology, the upper and largest of the five petals of a papilionaceous flower. Via (viſ-ah) [L. : pl., Via]. . A way. Via naturales, the natural passages. See also Prima viaº. Same as In bio- 1603 Viburnum (vi-bur/-num) [L. ; gen., Viburni]. VICARIOUS Viability (vi-aē-i//-it-e) [viabilis, viable]. Ability to live; applied to the condition of a child at the time of birth. Viable (zi/-aē-Z) [viabilis, viable]. Capable of living, or likely to live; applied to a child born in a condi- tion of development which will permit of its living. Vial (vi'-al) [947/]. A small, glass bottle. Viand (vi’-and | [Fr., viande]. Food ; sustenance. Vibex (vi'-beks) [L. : pl. Viðices]. Any ecchymosis occurring in lines of varying width, from about an eighth of an inch to one inch. See Purpura. Vibracularium (vi-brak-u-la/-re-um). Same as Viðrac. allum. . Vibraculum (vi-brak/-u-ſum) [viðrare, to shake; pl., Włóracula]. In biology, one of the peculiar append- ages found on the stocks of many chilostome Bryozoa. They consist of prominences on the wall of the ordi- nary individuals (zoöecia) each of which carries a long Seta, by the free movement of which the water sur- rounding the colony is kept in motion and particles of food brought within reach. Cf. Avicularia and Ala- &ellarium. Vibratile (vi"-bra-til) [vibrare, to shake]. Capable of vibrating. Vibrating (vi"-bra-ting) [vibrare, to shake]. Shaking; oscillation. V. Arm-chair. See Shaking-cure. Vibration (vi-bra/-shum) [vibratio, vibrare, to shake]. A swinging, oscillation, or thrill, like that of the string of a musical instrument; fremitus. In massage, a modification of the kneading-movement. It consists in making the alternate successive pressures and relax- ations with very great rapidity. This may be done by the hand, but is better performed by means of some form of machine. Vibrative (vi"-bra-tiv). See Consonants. Vibrio (við’-re-o) [vibrare, to vibrate]. A genus of Schizomycetes. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Vibrion (vib/-re-on) [vibrare, to vibrate; pl., Viðriones]. A member of the genus Pibrio. Vibrissa (vi-bris/-ah) [vibrissa, the hairs in the nos. trils; pl., Viðrissar]. In biology, one of the tactile bristles growing about the mouths of various animals, as cats, the whippoorwiil, and other birds, insects, etc. Vibrophone (7.7/-bro:/ön) [vibrare, to vibrate; gon”), Sound]. An instrument for conveying vocal vibrations to the ear. Viburnin (vi-bur’-min) [viburnum, the wayfaring tree]. A precipitate from a tincture of Piburnum opulus; anti-spasmodic, anti-periodic, expectorant, tonic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. - I. A genus of caprifoliaceous trees and shrubs, of some 8o species. V. dentatum, is diuretic. V. lantana is vesicant. V. obovatum has antiperiodic properties. V. opulus, “Cranberry tree,” “Cranebark,” is an efficient remedy in uterine and abdominal pains. V. prunifolium, black haw, the bark is used. It con- tains a resin, viburnic acid, identical with valerianic acid and other extractives. It is astringent and anti- spasmodic, with decided nervine properties. It is useful in the nervous diseases of pregnancy. Dose of the flá, ext. 3 ss—ij; of extract. gr. iij–x. V. tinus is purgative. Liquor sedans, a utero-ovarian sedative and anodyne. Each fluid-ounce contains of black haw and golden seal each gr. lx, Jamaica dog- wood gr. xxx, aromatics 7. s. Dose 3 j-ij. The so- called Æayden’s Piburnum Compound is said to be composed of the active principles of V. opulus, Alioscorea villosa, Scutellaria Waterifford, and aro- matics. See, also, Dockmaackamates. Vicarious (vi-ka/-re-us) [vicarius; vice, in the place of J. Substitutive; taking the place of another; VICE applied to the assumption of the functions of one organ by another. V. Menstruation. See Menstru- ation. Vice (vis) [ME., vice, vice]. Defect, fault, or deform- ity. V. of Conformation, defect of structure, organs or parts being either absent or imperfect. See Ma/. ormation. Vichy Salt (ve/-s/e) . [Fr.]. A compound salt (sal vichyanum) supposed to represent the saline constitu- ents of the Grande Grille spring at Vichy, in France. The N. F. has a formula for its preparation. It is recommended as diuretic, alterative, and antiarthritic. Unof. V. Water, a well-known, mildly laxative and antacid mineral water. Its main constituent is so- dium bicarbonate. Vicq d'Azyr, Bundle of. See Bundle. V., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. V., Operation of, rapid tracheotomy. Incision of the crico-thyreoid membrane. V.'s White Line, a thin stratum of white matter between the strata of the cinerea in the occipital region of the brain. See Lines, Table of. Victoria (vić-to'-re-ah) [L., victory]. A genus of water-lilies. V. Blue. Same as AWight Blue. V. Green. Same as Chrome Green and Malachite Green. V. Orange. Same as V. Yellozy. V. Yellow. See Aigments, Conspectus of Vicuna (vi-ku/-mah). See Alpaca. Vidard (ve-dahr/) [Fr.]. The French term for a horse affected with chronic intestinal catarrh due to the pres- ence of Ascaris megalocephala. Vidian (vid’-e-an) [after Guido Guidi, Latinized Vidius, an Italian anatomist]. Relating to Vidius the anato- mist. V. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. V. Canal. See Canal. V. Foramen. See Foramina, Table of. V. Nerve, the union of the great petrosal and carotid nerves entering Meckel’s ganglion. See AVerves, Zable of Vienna (ve-en/-ah). The capital of Austria. V. Caus- tic. Same as V. Paste. V. Draught, compound infu- sion of senna. V. Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. V. Lime. Same as V. White. V. Method, a method of examining the spinal cord from the front in performing an autopsy. The thoracic and abdomi- nal viscera having been removed, the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra is cut away, and then the pedicles of the vertebrae are successively divided from below upward. The bodies being liſted off, the spinal canal is exposed. V. Mixture. See Anes/hetic. V. Paste. See Potassize/2. V. Powder. See Pozyder. V. System. See Merz System. V. White. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of Vieussens, Annulus of. of. See Va/ve. Vigilantia (viſ-il-an/-she-ah) [L.]. SOIIll) 18t. See Anzaze/us. V., Valve Wakefulness; in- Vignal, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table. Vigo's Powder. See Powder. Villatte's Liquor. A preparation used for injecting into carious bones. It consists of sulphate of zinc and sulphate of copper, each fifteen grains, solution of the subacetate of lead, half a dram, and dilute acetic acid, three and a half drams. Villi (viſ/-ī). Plural of Villus, a tuft. Tufts of hair, or hair-like processes or projections of a mucous mem- brane giving it a velvety appearance. V. of the Chorion, fringes growing from the external surface of the vitelline membrane, finally covering the entire cho- rion. V., Intestinal, minute, highly vascular tongue- like processes projecting from the free surface of the mucous membrane of the small intestine throughout its whole extent. They are larger and more numerous in the duodenum and jejunum and are fewer and 1604 VINEGAR smaller in the ileum. They constitute the chief organs of absorption of fatty emulsions. V. pericardiaci, villi upon the ental surface of the pericardium. V. peritoneales, villi upon the free surface of the perito- neum. V. plurales, villi on the parietal pleura. V., Synovial, small, tongue-like processes projecting from the fringes of synovial membranes. Villiform (vil/-iſ-orm) [villus, villus; forma, form]. Villose in form. Villiplacental (vil-ip-las-em/-tal) [villus, villus; pla- centa]. Having a tufted or villous placenta. Villitis (viſ-à/-tis) [villus, villus; tric, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cushion or soft part of the wall of a horse's hoof. See Coronitis. - Villoid (vil/-oid) [villus, villus; eldog, like]. form. Villose, Villous (vil/-äz, viſ/-us) [villus, hair]. Per- taining to or having the nature of villi. Having a pile like that of velvet. See Willi. Covered with long, soft, shaggy hairs. Villosity (vil-os/-īt-e) [villous, shaggy]. being villous. Villus (vil/-us) [L., a shaggy hair: £7, Villi, g. v.]. In anatomy: I. One of - numerous minute vascular Villi- The state of projections from the mu- § in- | Nº. º cous membrane of the in º Rº e g in- K | AN) testine, of a conic, cylin § º dric, clubbed, or filiform º shape. It consists essen- | tially of a lacteal vessel | * } as a central axis, with an ZMATAtº arteriole and a veinlet en- closed in a layer of epi- Fºt thelium. 2. One of the vascular tufts of the chorion. In biology, one of the long, straight, and soft hairs occasionally covering the fruit, flowers, and other parts of plants. Vimen (viſ-mem) [L.]. A long and flexible shoot of a plant. Vimenal (vim/-en-a/) [vi- men, a twig]. Pertaining to twigs or shoots. ſº ſºlſº vimeneous (vi men'-e-us) ſºlº [vimen, a pliant twig]. Scheme of THE DISTRIBU- In biology, producing slen- T.9N 9. Blood-vessels IN der twigs, such as those # VILLI OF THE SMALL ». INTESTINE OF A DOG. used for wicker-work. (From Stirling.) Vina (viſ- nah) [L., Plural of Vinum, wine]. Wines. V. medicata, medicated wines. Vinaceous (vi - ma/- shus) [vinaceus, pertaining to wine]. Vinasse (ve-nas/) [Fr. J. Potash obtained from the marc or residue of the wine-press. Also, the resid- uum in a still after distillation. Vinca (ving/-/a/.) [L., periwinkle]. A genus of apo- cynaceous plants, the periwinkles. V. major and V. minor are astringent, vulnerary, and antigalactic. Unof. Vincula (vin/-ku-ſah) [L.]. Plural of Vinculum. V. accessoria tendinum. The slender, tendinous fila- ments which connect the phalanges with their tendons. Vine (vim) [vinea, a vine]. A climbing plant with a woody stem. V.-disease, a disease of the grape- vine due to the phylloxera. Vinegar (vin/-e-gar) [vin, wine; aigre, sour]. Dilute and impure acetic acid, obtained by acetous fermen- VINIFEROUS tation. See Acetum, and Acid, Acetic. Wine-vine- gar varies in color from light-yellowish to red, accord- ing as it has been derived from white or red wines, that from the former being the most highly esteemed. The vinegar from red wines, however, can be decol- orized by filtration through purified bone-black. Wine- vinegar has a specific gravity of I.OI4 to I.O22, and contains from six to nine per cent. (rarely I2) of abso- lute acetic acid. Malt-vinegar and Beer-vinegar have a specific gravity of from I.O21 to 1.925, and contain dis- solved dextrin, maltose, soluble albuminoids, and simi- lar constituents of the malt-extract. It contains only from three to six per cent. of acetic acid. Spirić-vinegar is colorless as produced, but is frequently colored with caramel to imitate the appearance of wine or cider vinegar. It contains from three to eight per cent. of acetic acid, although the so-called “vinegar essence” (double vinegar) may contain, as much as 14 per cent. Cider-vinegar is yellowish-brown, has an odor of apples, a density of from I.O.I.3 to I.OI5, and contains from three and a half to six per cent. of acetic acid. ties by yielding on evaporation a mucilaginous extract smelling and tasting like baked apples and containing malic acid, which replaces the tartaric acid of the wine- vinegar. Glucose-vinegar, or Sugar-vinegar, prepared from different saccharine and amylaceous materials by conversion with dilute acid, followed by fermentation and acetification, contains dextrose, dextrin, and often calcium sulphate. It is said to be employed in France and England for adulterating wine-vinegar, or malt-win- egar. Factitious vinegars are often made from pyrolig- neous acid flavored with acetic ether and colored with caramel. Such a product differs from malt-vinegar in containing no phosphates, and from wine-vinegar or cider-vinegar in the absence of tartaric and malic acids respectively. V. Essence. See Vinegar. Viniferous (vi-miſ/-er-us) [vinum, wine; ferre, to bear]. Wine-bearing. - Vinometer (viz- nom -et-er), [vinum, wine; uérpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the percent- age of alcohol in a liquor. Vinose (viſ-mâz). Same as Vinous. Vinous (viº-mus) [vinosus, vinum, wine]. Having the nature or flavor of wine, alcoholic. Vinum (vi’-num) [L.: gen., . Vini, pl., Vina]. Wine. The fermented juice of fruits, especially that of grapes. White wines are made from the pulp; red wines from the pulp and skins, the latter yielding the coloring-matter. Each should contain IO-I2 per cent. of alcohol. There are nine official vina. V. ab- sinthiatum, wormwood-wine; made by macerating Artemisia absinthium in white wine. V. album, white wine, an alcoholic liquid made by fermenting the juice of the fresh grape ; it contains from IO to I4 per cent. by weight of absolute alcohol. V. album fortius is made from V. album by fortifying the latter until it con- tains 20–25 per cent. of alcohol. Sweet wines, such as Burgundy, Tokay, Muscatel, Angelica, etc., seldom ex- ceed 6–7 per cent. of alcohol unless fortified. Light red wines, such as claret, contain normally about 5 per cent. Sparkling wines, such as champagne, derive their qual- ity from the presence of carbon dioxid, being bottled before fermentation. They contain IO-I2 per cent. of alcohol. V. antimonii, wine of antimony. Dose mux-xxx. V. aromaticum consists of strong white wine 94 per cent., with one per cent. each of lavender, origanum, peppermint, rosemary, sage, and wormwood. V. colchici radicis, wine of colchicum-root. Dose my—xx. V. colchici seminis, wine of colchicum-seed. Dose mux-xxx. V. ergotae, wine of ergot. Dose fáj- iij. V. ferri amarum, bitter wine of iron. Dose 1605 It is distinguished from the other varie- VIRCHOW’S METHOD fgj—iij. V. ferri citratis, wine of ferric citrate. Dose f3.j-ij. V. ipecacuanhae, wine of ipecac. Dose muv—x. V. opii, I. 3 to I. 5 gm. morphin in IOO C. c. Dose my—xv. V. portense, Port wine, is fortified with 25–30 per cent., and V. xericum, Sherry wine, until it contains about 25 per cent. of alcohol There are 14 official vini, of which II are medicated. V. rubrum, red wine. An alcoholic liquid made by fer- menting the juice of the fresh, colored grapes, the fruit of Vitis vinifera, in the presence of their skins. It contains from IO-I4 per cent. by weight of absolute alcohol. Vini, Spiritus, Gallici, brandy. Vinyl (vin/-il), C, H, a hypothetical trivalent radicle existing in acetic aldehyde. Viola (vi'-o-la/l) [L., violet]. A genus of plants, in- cluding the true violets and pansies. V. canina has an emetic and cathartic root. V. odorata has fragrant flowers, which are made into a lenitive syrup. V. pedata of the U. S. is demulcent and expectorant. V. tricolor, pansy; a wild flower sometimes known as heart’s-ease pansy. It contains an alkaloid, violin, with emeto-cathartic properties. It is mucilaginous and expectorant. Dose gr. x– 3 j. Violanilin (vi-o-Man'-iſ-in). See Pigments, Conspectus of Violation (vi-o-la/-shun) [violatio; violare, to ravish]. Rape. Sometimes used to express the fact of coitus without force, but by deception, with the weak- minded, etc. Violet (vi'-o-let) [viola, violet]. I. A popular name for viola. 2. One of the colors of the rainbow which very closely resembles the purple of violets. 3. A dye-stuff. V.-blindness, retinal insensibility to violet tints. V., Gentian, a violet anilin dye used for staining in histologic and bacteriologic work. V., Methyl, an anilin dye used in the same way as V., Gentian. Violette's Solution. See Sugar. Violin (viſ-o-lin) [viola, violet]. An emetic principle found in Viola odoraſa, V. tricolor, and other violets; said to be probably identical with emetin. Unof. Violinists’ Cramp. See Cramp. Viraginity (vir-aſ-in/-it-e) [virago, a woman]. A form of sexual perversion in which the male individual is essentially effeminate in his feelings and tastes. Viragint (vir/-aſ-int) [virgo, a virgin]. A male given to viraginity. Virchow's Method (of opening the heart). The heart is opened in situ. The first incision is made in the right ventricle (many open the right auricle first) along the ventricular ridge, from near the auriculo-ventric- ular groove to near the apex. The second incision opens the right auricle midway between the entrances of the venae cavae. In the left auricle the incision is carried from the left superior pulmonary vein to near the auriculo-ventricular ring. The incision through the left ventricle begins just behind the base and ends just short of the apex. It must be carried deeply through the wall of the heart. The heart is now removed. To do this the organ is grasped with the index finger of the left hand in the leſt ventricle and the thumb in the right; the heart is then raised by the apex and the venæ cavae, the pulmonary veins, and the pulmonary artery, and the aorta divided, taking care that the incisions are not too close to the heart. The next step is to open the ventricles. For this purpose the heart is placed exactly in the position it occupied in the body. One blade of the scissors is then introduced near the lower end of the incision in the right ventricle and carried outward in the direction of the pulmonary artery. The incision for the left ventricle commences at the apex of the heart and divides the anterior wall of the ven- tricle close to the septum, and is continued out through VIRCHOW’S THEORIES the aorta. These are the principal incisions; it is cus- tomary, however, to make at least two others, viz., one connecting the incision in the right auricle with that in the right ventricle, and one connecting that in the left auricle with the incision in the left ventricle. V.'s Theory of Cellular Physiology; this is sum marized in the formula, omnis cellula e cellula, i. e., every cell is derived from a cell. It is the theory of the hereditary succession of the cells and tissues. V.'s Theory of Inflammation. See Theory. Virchow and Holder, Angle of. See Angle. Virchow-RObin Lymph-spaces. The spaces be- tween the ental coats of the cerebral blood-vessels and the adventitia. Virescence (vir-es/-ens) [virescere, to grow green]. In biology, greenness, especially a green petal or leaf, normally some other color. Virescent (vires/-ent) [virere, to be green]. 1ng green. Virgate (vir/-gāt) [virga, a rod, twig]. slender, like a wand. Virgin (vir/-jin) [virgo; virginis, a virgin]. A woman who has never had sexual connection with a man. V.-tooth, the milk-tooth of a horse not worn by UlSe. Virginal (vir/-jin-al) [virgo, a virgin]. Pertaining to virginity. Virginale Claustrum (virºjin-a/-le Alaw'-strum) [L.]. The hymen. Virginia (virºjin'-e-ah) [Virginia, a female name]. A State of the United States. V. Creeper. See Ampe- lopsis. V. Snake-root. See Serpentaria. Virginity (virºjin/-it-e) [virgo, a virgin]. The condi- tion of being a virgin. Becom- Straight and Viridescence (vir-id-es/-ems) [viridis, green]. The state of being greenish. Viridescent (vir-id-es/-ent) [viridis, green]. Slightly reen. vään (vir-id/-e-an). Same as Veronese Green. Viridigenous (vir-id-ij/-em-us) [viridis, green; genus, producing]. In biology, producing greenness, as the diatoms eaten by certain molluscs. Cf. Maremmin. Viridin (vir/-id-in) [viridis, green]. An alkaloid ob- tained fºom Veratrum viride, and supposed to be iden- tical with jervin. Viridity (vir - id/-it-e) [viridis, green]. greenness. Virile (vir/-i/) [virilis; vir, a man]. Pertaining to mature manhood. V. Member, the penis. Virilescence (vir-il-es/-ens) [virilis, virile]. The as- sumption of male characters by an aged woman ; the growth of a beard, the development of a manly voice on the part of a woman after the menopause. Virilia (vir-i//-e-ah). Plural of Virilis, manly. The male generative organs. º Virility (vir-i//- it - e) [virilias]. The condition of mature manhood ; procreative power. Virose (vi'-röz) [virosus, poisonous]. ing a poisonous taste or smell. Virous (vi'- rus) [virosus, poisonous]. sonous properties. - Virulence (vir/-u-lens) [virulentia; virus, a poison]. Malignity, noxiousness, infectiousness. Virulent (vir/-u-lent) [virulentus]. Having the nature of a poison. See Virus. Viruliferous (vir-u-/if'-er-us) [virus, virus; ſerre, to carry]. Containing or conveying a virus. Virus (viſ-rus) [I.]. A poison that causes a morbid process or disease; any pathogenic microbe. The word was formerly applied to the specific contagium of an infectious disease, especially to that of cowpox. V., Attenuated, virus deprived of some of its patho- In biology, Poisonous; hav- Possessing poi- 1606 Viscera (vis/-er-ah). VISCUS genic quality by culture and modification by animal inoculation-experiments, so that inoculated in another person or animal it preserves the same against attack or the usual violence of the disease. V., Human- ized, vaccine-lymph that is not taken directly from the cow or calf, but from the vaccine-pustule of a human being, usually a child, who may have been inoculated with matter obtained from another child or from the cow. V., Specific, the characteristic poison of a disease. Vis [L.]. Force or energy. V. conservatrix, the healing power of nature. V. formativa, the energy of nature as manifest in the formation of new tissue to replace that which has been destroyed. V. a fronte, energy exerted in front; resistance. V. inertiae, that force by virtue of which a body at rest remains at rest; or, if in motion, continues in motion. V. medicatrix. Same as V. conservatrix. V. plastrix, in biology, growth-force. See Bathmism, Physiobathmism, Stato- bathmism. V. a tergo, force applied from behind. V. vitae, vital force. Visage (viz/-ij) [visus, a look]. The face. See Viscus. Viscerad (vis/-er-ad) [viscus, a viscus]. Toward the visceral cavity. - Visceral (vis/-er-al) [viscera]. Pertaining to the vis- cera. V. Arches and Clefts, four slit-like depressions with intermediate thickenings of the lateral wall of the cervical region of the embryo. They are persistent slits in fishes. Visceralgia (vis-er-a/-je - ah) [viscus, viscus; &Wyog, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in a viscus. Viscerate (vis/-er-āţ) [viscera]. To eviscerate or disembowel. Viscericardiac (vis-er-ik-ar/-de-ak) [viscera; Kapóia, heart]. Pertaining to the viscericardium. Viscericardium (vis-er-ik-ar/-de-um) [viscera, viscera; kapóta, heart]. The visceripericardial sac. Viscerimotor (vis-er-im-o'-tor) [viscus, viscus; motor, motor]. Conveying motor impulses to a viscus. Visceripericardial (vis-er-ip-er-ić-ar/-de-al) [viscera, Trept, around ; Kapóia, heart]. Common to the peri- cardium and the viscera. Visceropleural (vis-er-o-pluſ-ral) [viscera; TAewpá, side]. Same as Pleurovisceral. Visceroskeletal (vis-er-o-ske/-et-al) [viscera ; oréAerov, skeleton]. Pertaining to the visceral skeleton. - Viscid (vis/-īd) [viscidus]. Clammy; slimy ; adhe- sive; glutinous. See Wiscous. Viscidity (vis-id'-it-e). Same as Viscosity. Viscin (vis/-īn) [viseum, bird-lime]. Bird-lime. A mucilaginous extraction of the mistletoe, Wiscum ſta- vescens, Gentiana lutea, and other plants. Viscose (vis/-köz) [viscum, bird-lime]. A gummy se- cretion or product of the Micrococcus viscosus. Viscosity (vis-Aos/-īt-e) [viscositas]. The property of glutinousness, ropiness, or tenacity. - Viscous (vis/-äus) [viscosus]. Glutinous, ropy, sticky. Also, pertaining to a viscus or internal organ. Viscum (vis/-äum) [L. : gen., Visci). Mistletoe. The leaves and stems of V. album, the European, and V. ſlavescens, the American, species. It contains a mu- cilage, viscin, bird-lime, and various other extractives. In large doses it induces vomiting and purging. The American plant has alleged properties similar to those of digitalis. Dose gr. x–3.j, in decoction ; of a Io per cent, tincture muv-xxx. Unof. Viscus (vis/-kus) [L. : pl. , Viscera]. Any organ en- closed within either of the four great cavities, the cranium, thorax, abdominal cavity, or pelvis; as the brain, intestine, spleen, bladder, uterus, lungs, liver, etc. VISHUCKI Vishucki (vis-huk/-e) [Ind.]. Synonym of Asiatic Cholera among Hindoo physicians. Visibility (viz-ib-il/-it-e) [visibilitas; videre, to see]. Capability of being seen. Vision (vizh/ º [visio, videre, to see]. I. Sight; acuity of visual power. See also, Acuteness. 2. A visual hallucination, or illusion. V., Binocular. See Ainocular. V., Central, direct vision, or vision when the image falls on the fovea centralis. V. for Color, pertains to the chromatic sense. V., Direct, that when the image is formed at the macula. V., Double. See Diplopia. V., Field of. See Field. V. for Form, the acuteness of vision with white light. V., Indirect, that when the image is formed upon the peripheral portions of the retina. V., Peripheral, that when the image is not formed at the macula. V., Qualitative, vision in which there is ability to distinguish objects. V., Quantitative, mere perception of light. V., Solid, or V., Stereo- scopic, the visual perceptiop of the third dimension of space, or the perception of relief or depth of objects obtained by binocular vision. See Hering's Axperiment. V., Triple. See Triplopia. Visit (i. -it ) [videre, to see]. A call upon a patient. Visual (vizh’-az-al) [visualis, visus, sight]. Pertain- ing to vision. V. Acuteness, or Acuity. See Acuteness. V. Amnesia. See Mind-blindness. V. Angle. See Angle. V. Axis. See Axis. V. Field. See Field. V. Logagnosia. Synonym of Word- blindness. V. Purple, a substance in the retina reacting to light in a peculiar manner, and thought to be intimately connected with vision. See Acho- dopsin. Visus (vi'-zus) [videre, to see]. Vision. V. dimidia- tus. Synonym of Hemiopia. V. diurnus. Synonym of Hemeralopia. V. senilis. Synonym of Presbyopia. Vita (vi"-tah) [L.]. Life. Vital (vi"-tal) [vitalis; vita, life]. Pertaining to life. V. Capacity, the volume of air that can be expelled after a full inspiration. V. Knot, a term applied by Flourens to the respiratory center in the oblongata. V. Principle, the energizing principle on which individual life depends. V. Statistics, the statis- tics of vital facts, the science of numbers as ap- plied to the life-history of communities and nations. Vitalism (vi"-tal-izm) [vita, life]. In biology, the doc- trine that ascribes the phenomena exhibited by living organisms to the action of a supersensuous vital force. Vitalist (vi'-ta/-äst) [vita, life]. A believer in the ex- istence of vital force. Vitality (vi-ta/-it-e) [vitalitas, vitality]. The vital force or principle of life; also, the condition of hav- ing life; vigor ; activity. Vitalize (viſ-ta/-īz) [vita, life]. To endow with life. Vitals (viſ-falz) [vita, life J. A vulgar term for the intestines and the organs essential to life. Vitellarium (vit-el-a/- re-um) [vitellus, yolk; pl., Vitellaria]. In biology, one form of the female germ- glands in platode worms, in which the work of supply- ing the egg-germs with nutritive yolk is carried on. “Comparative research has shown that the vitellaria are not newly formed accessory glands of the female sexual apparatus, but that they are metamorphosed ovaries or portions of ovaries adapted to a special function.” (Lang.) Cf. Germarium. Vitellary (vit/-el-a-re) [vitellus, yolk]: the vitellus. Vitellicle (vić-el/-ić-2) [vitellus, yolk]. umbilical vesicle. Vitelligenous (vit-el-ij/-em-us) [vitellus, yolk; genus, producing]. In biology, producing yolk. Cf. Pitella- rium and Vitellogene. Pertaining to The yolk-sac ; 1607 VITREUM Vitellin (vit-el/-in) [vitellus, yolk]. In biology, the chief proteid of egg-yolk. According to Weyl, it also occurs in chyle and the amniotic fluid. Vitelline (vit-e/-in) [vitellus, yolk]. Pertaining to the zite//us, the yolk of an egg. V. Circulation, the circulation through the yolk. V. Membrane. See Zona pellucida. V. Spheres. See Sphere. Vitello-ducts (wit/-el-o-duk/s) [vitel/us, yolk; ductus, a duct]. The yolk-ducts; applied to the ducts of the vitellaria of platode worms. Vitellogene (vit-el/-o-jen) [vite/lus, yolk; yevic, pro- ducing]. In biology, yolk-producing. Cf. Vâtel- Marium and Vitelligenous. Vitellogenous (vit-el-oj/-em-us). Same as Vitelligenous. Vitellolutein (vit-el-o-ſu/-te-in) [vitel/us, yolk; luteus, golden-yellow]. The yellow pigment obtained from the eggs of the spider-crab (Maia squinado). Vitellorubin (vit-el-o-ru/-bin ) [vitellus, yolk; ruber, red]. The reddish-brown pigment obtained from the eggs of the spider-crab (Maia squinado). Vitellus (vit-el/-us) [vitellus, a yolk]. In biology, the yolk of an egg, including both the formative and the nutritive yolk. Specifically the yolk of the egg of the common barnyard fowl (Gallus domesticus). A viscid, orange-colored liquid containing oil, choles- terin, vitellin, and albumin. It is bland and nutritive. It is used mainly to emulsionize oils and camphors. In pharmacy, the yolk of egg, ovi vitellus. Vitex (vi’-teks) [L.]. See Agnus castus. Vitiation (vish-e-a/-shum) [vitiatio; vitiare, to corrupt]. The contamination of any substance, especially of the a1!". Viticolous (vit-i}/-o-lus) [vitis, the vine; colere, to in- habit]. Inhabiting or produced upon the vine. Viticula (vit-i}/-u-lah) [dim. of vitis, vine: pl., Vitic- w/e). In biology, a small, trailing vine, like that of a melon or cucumber. Viticulose (vit-ik/-u-lóz) [vitis, vine]. In biology, producing long, trailing, vine-like twigs or stems. Viticulture (viº/-ik-ul-tiâr) [vitis, vine; cultura, cul- ture]. The culture of the vine. Vitiligo (vit-iſ-i/-go) [L., tetter]. Piebald skin, white Meprosy, an acquired disease of the skin characterized by the appearance of one or many well-defined, circu- lar, oval, irregularly-shaped, or reticulated patches, having a milky-white color, without other manifest change in the integument; the hairs growing upon these patches are usually destitute of color. At the periphery of the patches there is usually a hyperpig- mented border, varying in color from a light-fawn to a deep-chocolate. The disease is most common in warm weather. See Zenekoderma. V. capitis. Synonym of Alopecia areafa. Vitiligoidea (vit-i/-īg-oi/-de-ah) [vitiligo, tetter; eióog, likeness]. Xanthoma of the eyelids. Vitrella (vić- re/-ah) [vitreus, glassy ; pl. , Vitrellae]. In biology, same as Ā’etinophora. Vitreodentinal (vit-re-o-den’-tin-al) [vitreus, of glass; dens, tooth]. Pertaining to vitreodentine. Vitreodentine (wit - re - o - den/-tin) [vitreus, of glass; dens, a tooth]. A variety of dentine of particularly hard texture. - Vitreous (vit/-re-us) [vitreus, vitrum, glass]. Glass- like, hyaline. V., Artificial. See Evisceration. V. Chamber, the portion of the globe of the eye posterior to the crystalline lens. V. Degeneration, disease of the intima of arteries. V. Humor, or Body, the transparent, jelly-like substance filling the vitreous chamber of the eye. V. Tables, the dense, osse- ous laminae on the inner and outer surfaces of the cranial bones. Vitreum (wit/-re-um). Same as Vitreous Humor. VITRIOL Vitriol (wit/- re-o/) [vitriolum; vitrum, glass]. In chemistry, a term formerly used to designate any sub- stance having a glassy fracture or appearance. V., Blue, copper sulphate, or “blue stone,” CuSO, V., Green, ferrous sulphate, or “copperas,” FeSO. V., Oil of, sulphuric acid, H.S.O. V., White, zinc sul- phate, ZnSO,. Vitta (wit/-ah) [vitta, a band, a fillet: pl., Vittae]. In biology, (a) a band, or stripe, either of color or tissue; (9) one of the longitudinal, tubular oil-receptacles in the fruits of the Umbelliferae. An oil-tube. Vittate (vit/-ät) [vitta, a band, a fillet]. Vittae. Vitular (vit/-u-lar) [vitulus, calf]. Relating to a calf or to calving. V. Apoplexy, apoplexy of cows oc- curring at parturition. V. Fever, vitular apoplexy, or, more correctly, a fever following parturition in the cow. See Collapse, Parturient. Vitus’ Dance, St. See Chorea. Viviparous (viv-iº/-ar-us) [vivus, alive; parere, bring forth, produce]. In biology, applied to such animals as bring forth the young at an advanced stage of de- velopment, as distinguished from oviparous and ovová- ziparous. Vivipation (viv- if -a/- shun ) [vivus, alive; parere, to bring forth]. In embryology, that form of generation in which the ovum, expelled from the ovary, clings to the maternal organ and derives its nourishment directly from the mother until birth. Viviperception (viv-iſ-er-sep/-shum) [vivus, alive; per- cºere, to perceive]. The study or observation of physiologic processes without dissection or vivisection. Vivisection (viv-is-ek/-shum) [vivus, alive; sectio, cut- ting]. The dissection of an animal, or experimenta- tion upon it, while still alive, for scientific purposes. See Callisection, and Sentisection. Vivisectionist (viv-is-e/-shun-ist) [vivus, alive; sectio, a cutting]. A practiser or defender of vivisection. Vivisector (viv-is-eč/-tor) [vivus, alive; sector, a cutter]. One who practises vivisection. Possessing Vivisectorium (viv-is-eſº-to/-re-um) [L.]. A place or laboratory where vivisection is performed. Vleminckx's Solution. An application used in Austria and Germany for treating acne. It consists of lime I part, sulphur 2 parts, and water 20 parts. Slake the lime, add the sulphur, and boil to 12 parts. Vocal (vä’-Aal) [vox, the voice]. Pertaining to the voice or its organs. V. Bands, a name given to cer- tain membranes of the larynx by which the sounds of the voice are produced. They consist of superior, ventricular or false bands, and inferior or true bands. The latter are covered by the mucous membrane of the larynx and are thin bands of elastic tissue, reach- ing from the wings of the thyreoid to the arytenoid cartilages. V. Fremitus, the thrill conveyed to the hand when applied to the chest during phonation. It is increased in consolidation of the lungs, and decreased or absent when there is a pleural effusion. V. Resonance, the resonance produced by the voice as heard on auscultating the lung. This is increased with slight degrees of consolidation of the lung and decreased with extreme consolidation and with large pleural effusions. - Vogt, Angle of. See Angle. - Vohsen’s Method. A method of illuminating the frontal sinus. . It is done by placing the source of il- lumination over the orbital surface of the sinus. Voice (vois) [ME., voice, voice]. The sound produced by the vibration of the vocal bands and modified by the resonance-organs. The utterance of articular sounds. V., Change of. In the transition-period of youth the voice loses its treble quality and (sometimes 1608 VOLUME irregularly) assumes the qualities of the adult voice. This is called the change of voice. Void [ME., voiden, to void]. To evacuate, e.g., from the intestine or bladder. Voisin's Method. See Hypnotism. Vola (vo'-la/.) [L.: gen. and pl., Volae]. The palm, or rather the hollow of the hand; the hollow of the foot. Volar (vo'-lar) [volaris, vola, palm]. Pertaining to the palm of the hand. See Palmar. Volatic (wo-lat'-ié) [volaticus; volare, to fly]. momentary. Volatile (vo/-at-i/) [volatilis]. Capable of assuming, or prone to º: a state of vapor; evaporating. V. Flying, Oils. See §§2ntial Oils. Volatility (vo/-a???%-it-e) [volatilitas]. The quality of being volatile. ** Volatilization (vol-at-iſ-iz-a/-shum)[volatilizatio). The change of a solid or liquid to a gas or vapor by heat. Volhard, Volumetric Method of. A method for es- timating halogens bygmeans of ammonium sulpho- cyanid. Volition (vo-hsh/-um) [volitio, will]. termination to act. Volitional (vo-lish/-un-al) [volitio, will]. Pertaining to volition. V. Insanity, insanity characterized by perversions of the will, or by abulia or hyperbulia. Volitive (vo/-it-iv) [volitio, will]. Pertaining to the will; volitional. Volkmann's Deformity. Congenital tibio-tarsal luxa- The will or de- tion. See Diseases, Zable of. V.'s Solution. See Thymol. Volsella (vol.se//-ah) [vellere, to pluck]. A forceps having one or more hooks at the end of each blade. Also called Vulsella. Volt (volt) [volvere, to turn around]. The unit of elec- tro-motive force, or the force sufficient to cause a cur- rent of one ampère to flow against a resistance of one ohm. The following is the voltage of several popular cells: Smee O.65, Bunsen I. 9o, Daniell I.os, Cal- laud O.60, Leclanche I.50. V.-ampère, the amount of pressure developed by a current of one ampère having an electro-motive force of one volt. Its me- chanic equivalent is about 44.2 foot-pounds per minute. It is sometimes called a Watt. See Alectric Units. V.-coulomb. See Alectric Units. Volta’s Law. A law for the differences of electric potential produced by the contact of dissimilar metals or other substances. See Zaw. Voltaic (vol-ta/-ä) [Volta, an Italian scientist]. Per- taining to the constant electric current or to galvanic electricity. V. Alternatives, a term used in medical electricity to indicate sudden reversals in the polarity of the electrodes of a voltaic battery. Voltaism (vo/-ta-izm). See Galvanism. Voltameter (vol-tam/-et-er) [volt, a unit of electro-mo- tive force; plárpov, a measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the electro-motive force of a current in volts. - Voltmeter (volt/-me-ter) [volt, a unit of electric force; plétpov, measure]. A synonym of Voltameter. Voltolini’s Disease. A purulent, labyrinthine otitis accompanied with violent pains in the ear, complete unconsciousness, high fever, and delirium. See Piseases, Zable of. V.'s Method, the examination of the anterior nasal region by means of transmitted light. This method is also called examination by ‘‘through illumination,” and transillumination, g. v. Voluble (vo/-u-b/) [volubilis, whirling]. See Twining. Volume (vo/-äm) [volumen]. . In physics, the space which a substance fills. Cubic dimension. V., Specific, the molecular weight divided by the spe- cific gravity; referred to hydrogen as a unit. VOLUMETRIC Volumetric (vol-u-met/-rik) [volumen, a roll; uérpov, measure]. Pertaining to measurement by volume. V. Analysis. See Analysis. Voluntary (vo/-un-ta-re) [voluntarius]. Pertaining to or under the control of the will. V. Muscle, striped muscle. Voluntas (vol-un'-tas) [L.]. Desire or will. Voluntomotory (vo/-un-to-mo/-tor-e) [voluntus, will ; motor, motor]. Pertaining to voluntary motion. Voluptuary (wo-lup/-fu-a-re) [voluptuarius, pertaining to pleasure]. I. Promoting sensual indulgence ; voluptuous. 2. A sensualist. Voluptuous (vo-lup/-tu-us) [volupº fication]. Contributing to sensu Voluptuousness (vo-lup/-tu-us: of gratification]. The stat Volupty (vo-lup/-te) [volupta gasm. Volute (vo-ſat/) [voluta, a spiral scroll]. rolled up like a scroll. Volva (vo/-vah) [volva, a wrapper, covering ; pl., ull of grati- re. /uptuosus, full eing voluptuous. Voluptuousness; or- In biology, Volvae]. In biology, a covering possessed by the fruiting organs of some fungi. The same as Velum zeniversale. - Volvulus (vo/-vu-ſus) [volvere, to roll]. An old name was ſleac Passion. A twisting of the bowel upon it- self or upon its mesenteric axis, so as to occlude the lumen. It occurs most frequently in the sigmoid flexure. Vomer (vo/-mer) [L., a plowshare]. The thin plate of bone situated vertically between the nasal fossae, and forming the posterior portion of the septum of the nose. V., Cartilaginous, a cartilaginous plate that forms the anterior portion of the septum of the nose. Vomerine (vo'-mer-in) [womer, vomer]. Pertaining to the vomer. - Vomic (vom/-ä) [vomicus]. Ulcerous; purulent. Vomica (vom/-ić-ah) [womere, to vomit: pl. , Vomica]. A pulmonary cavity; a collection of pus in the lungs or adjacent organs that may discharge through the bronchi and mouth. V. laryngis. A synonym for Aerichondritis of the Zarynx. Vomit (vom/-it) [vomere, to vomit]. I. To expel from the stomach by vomiting. 2. Vomited matter; an emetic. V., Bilious, vomit stained with bile. V., Black, the characteristic vomit of yellow fever. The dark fluid ejected is a mixture of decomposed blood and the contents of the stomach. V., Bloody. See Aemazemesis. V., Coffee-ground, vomit composed of broken-down blood-clots and tissue, together with the contents of the stomach, carcinoma of the stomach. V.-nut. See AVux vomica. Vomiting (vom/-it-ing) [vomere, to vomit]. The for- cible, convulsive ejection of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, or intestines through the mouth. V. of Blood. See Hematemesis. V., Dry, persistent nausea with attempts at vomiting, but with the ejection of nothing but gas. V., Pernicious, the variety of vomiting occasionally seen in pregnancy that becomes so excessive as to threaten the patient's life, V., Ster- coraceous, the ejection of fecal matter in emesis, usually due to intestinal obstruction. Vomitive (vom/-it-iv) [vomere, to vomit]. Vomito (vom/-it-o) [Sp.]. Vomit. Vomitonigro. Black vomit. A name for yellow fever. V., Priests’. A name for Yellow Fever, 7. v. Vomitory (vom/-it-or-e) [vomitorius]. I. Emetic, or vomitive. 2. Any agent or substance that induces emesis. Also, a vessel to receive the ejecta. Vomiturition (vom-it-u-rish/-um) [vomituritioj. In- effectual attempt at vomiting, with a strong feeling of desire to vomit. 2. Vomiting with but slight effort. Emetic, 1609 Von Troeltsch, Corpuscles of. It is seen frequently in . VULCANIZER Vomitus (vom/-it-us) [vomere, to vomit]. Vomited matters; the act of vomiting. V. cruentus, bloody vomit. g Von Baer's Law. The law that the embryos of higher animals pass through a succession of metamorphoses resembling the adult forms of lower types of animals. See /lazy. - Von Gieth’s Oil-jacket. A dressing especially of value in the pleurisy of infants or young children. Pure olive-oil is poured in sufficient quantity into a previ- ously warmed bowl, and a strip of old, soft, cotton- cloth, large enough to encircle the chest, is placed in the bowl and completely saturated with the oil. This is then applied to the patient’s chest, and outside of it a second strip of dry cloth is placed, and, if necessary, a third, which completes the dressing. Von Mering's Mixture. See Anesthetic. Peculiar, spindle- shaped corpuscles; the connective-tissue corpuscles of Virchow. Voodoo (vu/-du) [Creole Fr., vaudoux, a negro sor- cerer]. A system of charms and enchantments of African origin, practised in part as a healing art in the U. S. and W. Indies. Voracious (vor-a/-shus) [vorax, vorare, to devour]. Having an insatiable appetite or desire for food. See, also, Bulimia. Voracity (vor-as/-īt-e) [voracitas, voracity]. ness or rapaciousness for food. Voronej, Elixir of. A famous mixture used in Russia. It occurs in a stronger and a weaker form, as follows: I. The stronger. Sal. ammon. 3 x, ol. naphthas 3 vi, ol. caryophyl. 3 x, acid. nitric. 3 vſ, potas, nitrat. and Turkey pepper each 3.jss, menth. virid 3 viij, acetum Oj, spts. vin. gall. Oiv. 2. The weaker... cam- phor, ol. naphthae, ess, terebinth., acid. nitric., each gij, Turkey pepper 2 pods, acetum 3 viss, spts. vin. gall. 9 iv. Vortex (vor/-teås) [L., a whirl]. A structure having the appearance of being produced by a rotary motion about an axis. V. of the Heart, a name applied to the spiral arrangement of the muscular fibers of the walls of the heart. Vorticose (vor/-tić-62) [worſex, vortex]. Whirling. In anatomy, specifying the veins of the external layer of the choroid coat of the eyeball, the vende vorticosa. V. Veins. See Vena z/orticosae. Vowel (vow/-el) [Fr., voyelle, vowell. Any one of the chief sounds of the voice, formed by the vibrations of the vocal organs unmodified by the resonance-organs. Vox (vožs). Voice. Voyeur 'º ) [Fr.]. A sexual pervert who in- dulges in witnessing coitus. Vries, Plasmolytic Method of. A method of deter- mining osmotic pressure by the use of living plant-cells. Vulcanite (vu/-kan-it) [Pulcan, the god of fire]. Ebonite, or hard, vulcanized caoutchouc (india-rubber). V. Base, in dentistry, a vulcanized, India-rubber plate adapted to such portion of the alveolar arch as is de- prived of natural teeth and is to be supplied with an artificial substitute. V., Dental, India-rubber com- bined with sulphur or sulphur compounds, and colored with vermilion. A combination of rubber 48 parts, sulphur 24 parts, and vermilion 36 parts. Compare A’zzööer. Vulcanizer (vul/-kan-i-ger) [Pulcan, the god of fire]. In dentistry the apparatus in which the prepared rub- ber is hardened by the action of steam. It consists of a copper boiler, with a screw-top, having connected with it a thermometer for regulating the steam neces- sary to harden the rubber, and a safety-valve to pre- vent explosion. Greedi- VULCANOL Vulcanol (vul'-kan-ol) [Vulcan, the god of fire]. A thick, lubricating oil formed in great quantities in petro- leum-refineries and in paraffin and solar-oil works. Vulgar (vul/-gar) [vulgaris, common]. Common. Coarse. Unrefined. Popular. Vulnera (vu/- mer-ah) [L.]. Plural of Vulnus. A wound. Vulnerary (vu/- mer- a - re) [vulnus, a wound]. In therapeutics, any remedy or agent useful in healing wounds. - Vulnus (vu/- mus) [L.: gem., Vulneris ; pl., Vulneral. A wound. V. sclopetarium, a gun-shot wound. V. simplex, an incised wound. Vulpian’s Law. See Zazy. Vulpic Acid (vul'-pić). See Acid. Vulsella (vul-se/-ah). See Vulsel/um. Vulsellum (vul-se/-um) [L.; pl., Vulsella]. A kind of forceps; volsella. See Wolsella. Vultus (vul/- tus) [L.]. The face, countenance, or looks. Vulva (vul/- vah) [volvere, to roll up]. The female pudendum, though not, strictly speaking, including the mons veneris. V. connivens, a form of vulva in 1610 WANDERING which the labia majora are in close apposition. V., Garrulity of, vaginal flatus. V. hians, the form of vulva in which the labia majora are gaping. Vulval, Vulvar (vul/- val, vul/- var) [vulva, vulva]. Pertaining to the vulva. Vulvate, Vulviform (vul/-vat, vu/-vi-form) [vulva, vulva; forma, form]. Shaped like or resembling the vulva. Vulvismus (vul-viz'-mus). See Vaginismus. Vulvitis (vul-vi'-tis) [vulva, vulva; trug, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vulva. V., Diphtheric, vul- vitis with diphtheric deposit. V., Follicular, in- º mucous follicles of the vulva. ulva, vulva.]. A prefix denoting Vulvo-vaginal (vu -va/- in - al) [vulva, vulva; vagina, vagina]. Pertaining conjointly to the vulva and the vagina. V. Glands, the small glands situated one on each side of the vulva near the vagina. See Glands. Vulvo-vaginitis (vul-vo-vaj-in-2'-tis) [vulva, vulva; vagina, vagina; truç, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vulva and the vagina. W. The symbol of Tungstem (Wolfram). W. L. or A. Wave-length. Wachendorf’s Membrane. The fetal membrane of the pupil of the eye. It atrophies about the seventh month. See Membrane, Pupillary. Wachsmuth's Mixture. See Anesthetic. Waddle (wod-/) [dim. of wade]. To sway or rock from side to side in walking. - Wade's Balsam. Friars' Balsam ; Jesuits' Drops; a favorite vulnerary, essentially the same as the com- pound tincture of benzoin. Wafer (wa’-fer) [ME., wafre, wafer]. A pharmaceutic preparation made by pouring a thick, smooth mixture of flour and water between greased, hot, polished plates or cylinders, so adjusted that a thin sheet or wafer is pro- duced. When dry this is hard and brittle, but when moistened it becomes soft, tough, and slippery, and is well adapted for taking medicines in the form of powder. W.-ash. See Ple/ea trifoliata. Wagner's Spot. The germinal spot or nucleolus of the OVU] II.]. Wagner, Tactile Corpuscles of. Oval-shaped bodies at the termination of nerve-fibers, regarded by Wagner as directly concerned in the sense of touch. W. and Meissner's Corpuscles, tactile end-organs lying in the papillae of the skin. Wagnerian Corpuscles (wag-ner’-e-an). See Tactile Corpuscle. - Wahoo (wah-hoo/). See Zuonymus. Waist (wäst) [ME., wast, waist]. The narrowest por- tion of the trunk above the hips. Waistcoat, Straight (wast/-köl, stråt). See Jacket. Walcher's Posture. The woman in the dorsal posi- tion, the hips at the edge of the table, the lower extremities hanging. Walcheren Fever (waſ' - cher - em) [from Walcherem, Netherland]. A severe type of malarial fever. Waldenburg's Apparatus. An apparatus constructed on the principle of a gasometer, and used for compress- ing or rarefying air, which is inhaled, or into which the patient exhales. Waldeyer's Glands. Acino-tubular glands at the attached border of the tarsus. W.’s Plasma-cells. See Plasma. W., Sulcus of, a spiral sulcus of the limbus of the ear. Wale (zwä/). See Whea/. Walk (wawé) [ME., walken, to walk..] I. Manner of walking. See Gait. 2. In Swedish physical training certain forms of progression are specified as walks. See Stretch-walk, Yard-walk. Wallerian Degeneration. after separation from their trophic centers. See Lazy. Wall-eye (waw/-ä). A vulgarism used to express the appearance of leukoma of the cornea, or of eyes with a light-colored iris; also, a divergent strabismus. W.- pepper. See Sedum acne. Walnut (wo/-nut). See Jugſans. Walter’s Ganglion. See Ganglia, Zable of Walther’s Angle. See Angle. W.'s Ducts, ducts in the sublingual gland. W., Oblique Ligament of, a band of capsular ligament of the ankle-joint, extending from the external malleolus to the eminence on the astragalus for the flexor longus pollicis. Wamble (wom/-b/) [ME., waſm/en, mawkish]... A feel- ing of nausea; a heaving of the stomach. [Vulgar.] W.-cropped. Nauseated; sick at the stomach. [Vulgar.] - Wan (won) [ME., wan, wan]. sickly hue or expression. Wandered (wom/-derd) [ME., wanderem, to wander]. Out of the usual or normal place; out of the proper habitat; as a zvandered scolex. Wandering (wom/-der-ing)[ME., wanderem, to wander]. I. Delirium ; incoherence of speech or thought, 2. Having no fixed place. W. Abscess, one that points at a considerable distance from its real seat. W. Cell, an ameboid connective-tissue cell; a leukocyte, so Degeneration of nerves W. Law. Pale; pallid; of WANE called from its power of leaving the blood-current and entering the tissues. See Zeukocyte. W. Erysipelas, Frysipelas migrams, erysipelas with frequent change of localization. W. Kidney. See Floating Kidney. W. Liver. See Zizer. W. Pneumonia, a migrant, or locally progressive pneumonia; one that changes its seat. See Pneumonia. W. Rash, Geographic Zongue, Lichenoid, Circinate Eruption, a peculiar and rare disease of the tongue occurring, as a rule, in children under two years of age. It consists in the appearance on the dorsum of the tongue of round, raised, whitish patches surrounded by a raised ring of epithelial tissue yellowish in color. These rings the tongue with sinuous lines. of a harmless nature, very res. Geographic Tongue. W. en, a rare condition in which the attachments of the spleen become relaxed to such a degree that it descends by the force of gravity into the left iliac fossa, or may be found upon the oppo- site side of the body when the patient lies upon the right side. W. Tumor, usually a displaced or floating viscus. Wane (wān) [ME., waney, to wane]. To decrease; to decline; to fade. . Wang [ME., wange, cheek]. I. The jaw, jaw-bone, or cheek-bone. 2. A cheek-tooth or grinder. W.-tooth. A cheek-tooth; a grinder or molar. Wanklyn’s Ammonia Process. A process for the estimation of nitrogenous organic matter in water. This process operates on the water itself, and not on the residue obtained on evaporation, and it gives as char- acteristic data the “free ammonia’’ and “albuminoid ammonia’’ yielded by waters. The principle of the method is the measurement of the nitrogenous organic matter in waters by the quantity of ammonia yielded by the destruction of the organic matter. For the measure- ment of the quantities of ammonia, the very delicate test of Nessler is utilized. War Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. Warble (war/-bl) [also wormil, wormul, warnle, wornil, wornal. Origin obscure, perhaps connected with M.E., zwar, pus, humor, or with worm]. like tumor on the back of horses, cattle, deer, etc., pro- duced by the galling of a saddle or by the presence of the larva of the warble-fly. The inflammation pro- duces a condition of the surface of the carcass beneath the warble known as “licked beef,” or “butchers’ jelly.” W.-fly. See Hypoderma bovis, under Para- sites (Animal), Table of º Warburg's Tincture, Tinctura pyrexialis. It consists of aloes soc. It j, rad. rhei, Sem. angelica, confec. Damocratis aa 3 iv.; rad. helenii, croci sativi, sem. . foeniculi, cretae praep. aa 3 iſ ; rad. gentianae, rad. zeodariae, pip, cubebae, myrrh.. elect., camphorae, bolet. laricis, aā 3.j. Digest with proof spt. 35oo, and add quinin disulph. 3x. Filter. Dose 3.j in two doses three hours apart. Ward [ME., ward, ward]. A division or room of a hospital. W.-carriage, an apparatus for hospital service mounted upon wheels, and containing a reser- voir of water, and other materials, instruments, etc., used in surgical operations and dressings. Ward's Paste, confection of black pepper. See Paste. Wardrop's Disease. Malignant onychitis. See Dis- eases, 7able of. W.'s Operation, ligature of the artery beyond an aneurysm. Warega-fly (war-a/-ga/, / ) [S. A. Ind., warega, fly], See Musca sp. (?) under Parasites (Animal), Table of Warehousemen’s Itch. See Grocers' ſtch. Waring's System. A system of sewage-disposal by means of sub-surface irrigation. It should be called “Moule's System ’’ because invented by the late Rev. Henry Moule, Vicar of Fordington. 1611 (a) A small, boil- WATER Warm [ME., warm, warm]. Having a moderate degree of heat. W. Bath. See Aath. W.-blooded, a term applied to animals that maintain a uniform temperature, whatever the changes of temperature in the surrounding medium. Warming [ME., warmen, to warm]. W. Plaster. See Cazz//ia77s. Warner’s Laudanum. See Zazadanzamz. Warras (war'-as) [Ind.]. A variety of kamala, said to be obtained from Flemingia gra/lamiana, a leguminous tree of India; it is a teniafuge and useful in skin-dis- eases. Dose of powder 3 iss—v; of tincture f3.j. Unof. Warren's Styptic. See Zoſio adstringens. Wart [ME., wert, wart]. See Verruca and Condyloma. A small, circumscribed elevation on the skin, with an uneven papillary surface and a broad base. In farriery, a spongy excrescence in the pastern of the horse. In biology, a small glandular or gland-like excrescence on the surface of a plant. W., Peruvian. See Verruca peruana. Warty [ME., werſ, wart]. Resembling a wart; covered with warts. W. Smallpox, Hornpox, a name given to those cases of smallpox in which the eruption does not develop beyond the papular stage. W. Tubercle. See Verruca necrogenica. W. Ulcer. See Marjo- Aziz’s U/ce?”. Wash [ME., washem, to wash]. To cleanse with a liquid. See Zotion. W., Black. See Zotio hy- drargyri migra. W.-leather Skin, that condition of the skin in which certain metals, especially silver, mark it with a black line. It occurs, as a rule, in patients suf- fering from diseases which directly or indirectly affect either the trophic or the sensory nerves. It sometimes precedes the occurrence of bed-sores. W.-rag. See Auffa. W., Yellow. See Zotio hydrargyri ſlava. Washerwoman's Hand. See Cholera-hand. W.’s Itch or Scall, psoriasis of the hand, occurring in wash- erWOmen. Washing (wash/-ing) [ME., washem, to wash]. Ablu- tion. The mechanical operation of separating soluble from insoluble matter. Waste §: [ME., wast, waste]. Any ultimate pro- duct of katabolism; loss by reason of disease, inanition, or over-use. W. and Garbage. See Sewage. W. Silk, that which proceeds from perforated and double cocoons, and such as are soiled in steaming or in any other way. This waste silk is washed, boiled with soap, and dried. When carded and spun like cotton it yields the so-called ſurf-silk. Making warm. Wasting (wast/-ing). IME., wasten, to waste]. De- stroying; running; laying waste. See Atrophy. W. Disease, a popular term for Pulmonary Tuberculosis and for tuberculous disease of cattle. W. Palsy. See Atrophy, Progressive Aſuscular. Watchmakers’ Cramp. See Cramp. Water (wav/-ter) [ME., water, water], H.O. A transparent, inodorous, tasteless fluid, boiling at 212°F. (100° C.), and freezing at 32° F (o° C.). The specific gravity of water at 39.2°F. (4°C.) is I. See Aqua. W.-analysis, the analysis of water. W.- bag, the reticulum of the stomach of the camel and other Camelidae. A rubber bag in which water of varying degrees of temperature can be introduced for topical application. W.-bed. See Bed. W.-blue. See Aigments, Conspectus of W.-brain, gid or stag- gers of sheep, caused by the brain-worm. W. Brain- fever. See Meningitis, Tuberculous. W. on Brain. See Aydrocephalus. W.-brash. See Ayrosis. W.- braxy, a disease of sheep in which there is hemor- rhage into the peritoneal cavity. W.-breather, any branchiate which breathes water by means of gills. W.-cancer. Synonym of Cancrum oris. W.- WATERED-SILK REFLEX canker. Synonym of Cancrum oris. W.-cell, one of several diverticula of the paunch of the camel, serv- ing to store up water. W.-closet, an apparatus for the reception of excrement, which is connected with a sewer by a pipe, and in which water must be used to carry away the excrement deposited in it. W.-closets, Varieties of: I. Those in which there is no movable apparatus for retaining water in the basin—the hopper and wash-out closets. 2. Those in which there is a movable apparatus—the pan, valve, and plug closets. W.-colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. W. of Crystallization, the water employed in giving molecular structure to the crystals of chemic salts, to which their physical qualities are due. W.-cure. See Hydropathy and Hydrotherapeutics. W., Dis- tilled. See Aqua. W.-dressing, the treatment of ulcers and wounds by the application of water. W.- farcy, lymphangitis of the leg of a horse. W., Florida, a perfume consisting of oleum bergamii 3 iv, comp. tinct. benzoini 3 iſ, alcohol Oj. W.-gas, a gas, non-luminous in its pure form, derived in part from the decomposition of steam passed over ignited coals. It is used as an illuminating gas when enriched by the addition of a hydrocarbon, as petroleum or naphtha. It is also used in metallurgic operations, in chemic works, and in the laboratory. W.-gurgle Test, a gurgling Sound heard when water is swallowed on auscultation over the seat of narrowing in cases of organic stricture of the esophagus. W.-hammer Pulse. See Corrigan’s Pulse. W., Hard, natural waters containing soluble calcium salts, distinguished by their curdling action on soap. W.-hemlock. See Cowbane. . W., Ice, water obtained by the melting of ice. W.-immersion. See Objective. W., Javelle, a solution of potassium hypochlorite, KClO. W.- jugs. Synonym of Varicella. W.-melon, the fruit of Cucumis citrzel/us. Its sweet and watery fruit, and especially the seeds, are diuretic. Unof. W., Min- eral. See Mineral Water. W.-pang, pyrosis. W.-passage, the urethra. W.-pepper. See Poly- gonum hydropperoides. W.-plantain. See A/isma. W.-pock. Synonym of Varicella. W.-pore, in biology, an aperture in the epidermis of the leaves of certain plants (e. g., Caladium esculentum) directly over the extremity of a vein. It is a modified stroma and serves to facilitate the transpiration of water. W.- pox, chicken-pox. W.-proof Drawing-ink, pow- dered, bleached shellac 4 parts, borax I part, water 24 parts; dissolve by the aid of heat. To this solution the coloring-principle, as India ink, lampblack, different tints and shades of anilin colors, is added, after being dissolved in or triturated with a small quantity of water. W.-qualm, pyrosis. W., Rice. See Oryza. W., Soda. See Soda-water. W., Softening of, the process of removing from water certain mineral constit- uents that render it “hard ” or unsuited for technical or domestic purposes. This may be accomplished either by heat or the use of chemicals. The Clarke A rocess of softening consists in bringing steam directly into contact with the water. W.-vascular, in biology, applied to the system of circulation of water through the tissues of many invertebrates; a respiratory process. W.-wheel Sound. See Aruit de Moulin and Aydro- Žneumopericardium. 1612 Wattle (woº'-2) [ME., watel, a hurdle]. AZimosa-baré, WEAL I. See 2. In biology, a lobe or flap of the skin, usually paired and pendent, on the head and near the mouth of certain birds, fishes, and mammals. A dew-lap, a barbel. Wave (wāv) [ME., wave, wave]. alternating movements. the spectrum are given in the appended table. A cycle of rhythmic W.-lengths and Fre- quencies of Light, the ethereal wave-lengths, to- gether with their frequencies, of the visible portion of The average vibrational frequency of white light has been estimated at Pulse. S TABLE OF T 4 millions of millions per second. W., -LENGTHS AND FREQUEN- F LIGHT. - (From Daniell.) FREQUENCIES- |LENGTHS PER SEC. IN CM. Line A, . . . . . . . . . . . . 395,000,000,000,000 | .oOoo7604 Center of red, . . . . . . . * * : * * * e º a s .oOoo700o Line B, . . . . . . . . . . . . 437,300,000,000,000 | .oOooč867 Line C. . . . . . . . . . . . . 457,700,000,000,000 | .oOooô562 Center of orange-red, . . . . . . . . . . . . . * e .Ooooë208 Center of orange, . . . . . . • * * * * * > .OOOOS972 Line D*, . . . . . . tº dº . 508,905,810,000,000 | .00005895 Line D*, . . . . . . . . . . . 5Io,604,000,000,000 | .oOooš889 Center of orange-yellow, . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oooos379 Center of yellow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oooos308 Center of green, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OOOO527 I Line E. . . . . . . . . . . . . 570,000,000,000,000 .oOooS269 Line 3, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oooos 183 Center of blue-green, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ooooso&2 Center of cyan-blue, . . . . . . . . . . . . .OOOO4960 Line F, . . . . . . . . . . . . 617,900,000,000,000 | .oOoo4861 Center of blue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OOOO4732 Center of violet-blue," . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OOOO4383 Line G, . . . . . . . . . . . . 697,300,000,000,000 | .oOoo4307 Center of puce-violet, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OOOO4059 Line H*, . . . . . . . . . . . 756,900,000,000,000 | .oOoo3968 Line H*, . . . . . . . . . . . 763,600,000,000,000 | .oOoo3933 Wavy (wa/-ve) [ME., wave, wave]. Of the nature of 2, W2.Ve. W. Breathing. See Areath-sounds. Wax (waks) [ME., wax, wax]. I. To grow ; to increase in size. 2. See Cera and Cerumen. W., Bees', a wax deposited by the honey-bee in the honeycomb. W., Carnauba, obtained from the leaves of the carnauba tree; it melts at 83° C. ; contains free ceryl-alcohol and various acid esters. ester. W., Mineral. See Myrica. W.-work. See Ozocerite. See Celastrzes. W., Chinese, ceryl cerotic W.-myrtle. Waxing (waks/-ing) [ME., waxen, to increase]. Grow- W.-kernels, enlarged in- guinal and submaxillary lymph-glands in children; popularly associated with the growth of the child. W.- ing ; increasing in size. pains. Pulse. or like wax. Zion. See Growing Pains. See Pulszes inciduºus. Waxy (waks/-e) [ME., wax, wax]. W. Degeneration. W. Kidney. See Bright’s Disease. Weak (wèA) [ME., weiß, weak j. W. and Waning Of the nature of See Degenera- Not strong. W. Ankle, a condition in which there is an abnormal re- laxation of the ligaments of the ankle-joint, with such weakness of the leg-muscles as may allow the foot to bend involuntarily, either inward or outward, in the act of standing or walking. It is common in Watered-silk Reflex. See Reflex. feeble children. W.-minded, having a feeble in- Waters (waw/-terz) [ME., water, water]. Plural of tellect. * Water, g. v. W., Bag of. The amnion. See Weaken (we’-ken) [ME., weiß, weak]. To reduce the Amanif, Zigator. W., False, a discharge of fluid strength. before labor, due to a catarrhal endometritis. Weakness (wè4'-mes) [ME., weiß, weak]. See Watt (wot) [after James Watt, the Scottish engineer]. Asthenia. W., Inward, a popular term for leukor- In electro-mechanics, one voltampère. See Volt and rhea. 2. See Whea/. Aº/ec/ric Orzi/s. Weal (wel). I. Well-being. WEAN Wean (wèn) [ME., wenen, to wean]. To cease to give suck to offspring at a period when the latter is capable of taking substantial food from external SOUlrCeS. Weaning (wen/-ing). See Ablactation. Weasel-faced (weſ-2/fast) [ME., wesel, weasel; face]. Having a thin, sharp face. Weather-plant (weth/-er plant). Jequirity, 7. v. Web [ME., web, web]. A woven fabric; a membrane- like structure. The thin, soft tissue between any two adjacent fingers or toes, lying distad of the knuckles. W. of the Brain, the bindweb, or neuroglia. W., Choroid, the velum interpositum. W.-eye. See Pterygium. W.-eyed, affected with pterygium. W.-fingered, having the fingers unifed by web-like tissue. W.-foot, a foot whose toes are webbed. W.- footed, having web-feet. W.-footedness, webfoot. W.-toed, web-footed. Webbed (webd) [ME., web, web ]. . Having, or of the nature of a web. W. Fingers (or Toes), union of two adjacent digits by a thin band of connecting tissue. . - Weber (web/-er). I. Same as Coulomb. Ampère. See Electric Units. Weber's Chronometer. A kind of metronome con- sisting of a weight and a graduated and adjustable cord. W.'s Corpuscle. See Corpuscle. W.'s Ex- periment, for testing hearing. A vibrating tuning- fork set on the median line of the skull will be heard best by the ear the external meatus of which is occluded by the finger. In unilateral ear-disease the tuning-fork is best heard by the ear in which patho- logic changes have occurred in the external meatus or the middle ear. W.’s Glands. See Gland. W.’s Law, a law of sense-perceptions. When the excitation is increased in geometric proportion, the sensation is increased in arithmetic proportion, or, in other words, the reaction varies as the logarithm of the excitation. See Lazy. W.’s Paradox, the fact that a muscle, when so stretched that 2. Same as Gills. 1613 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES W. Leg. See Zeg. W. Sinews, a colloquial term applied to torn or broken tendons, because of the appearance of the structures after certain injuries. Weibel, Spirilliof. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Weid (wed). Same as Weed. Weight (wāt) [ME., weight, weight]. the force of gravitation. measurement of weight. The measure of A table or system for the W., Atomic. See Atomic Weight. W., Molecular. See Molecular Weight. W.s. and Measures: The U. S. Standard Unit of Weight is the Troy Pound; it was copied in 1827, from the imperial troy pound of England, for the use of the U. S. Mint, and there deposited. It is standard in air, at 62° Fah., the barometer at 30 inches. Grains TROY WEIGHT. 24 = I dwt. 480 = 20 dwts. = 1 oz. 5760 = 240 dwts. = 12 oz. = 1 lb. = 22.816 cu. in of distilled water at 62°Fahr. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. Drams. Ounces. I6 = I = 437.5 grains Troy. 256 = I6 = I #. = 1.2153 lb. Troy. 6,400 = 400 = 25 lbs. = I quarter. 25,600 = 1,600 = Ioo “ = 4 quarters = I cwt. 512,000 = 32,000 = 2000 “ = 8o { { = 20 “ = I ton. APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT. Grains. 20 = I scruple. = 3 scruples = 1 dram 480 = 24 { = 8 drams = I oz. 5760 = 288 ſ & = 9 “ = I2 ounces = 1 lb. APOTHECARIES’ MEASURE. 60 minims = I fluid ram. 8 fluid rams = I fluidounce. I6 fluidounces = I pint. 2 pints = I Quart. 4 quarts = I gallon. 45 drops of water, or a common teaspoonful, make about I fluidram; 2 tablespoonfuls about I fluidounce; a wineglass- ful is about 1% fluidounces; and a teacupful about 4 fluid- Oul Il CeS. LIQUID, OR WINE MEASURE. it cannot contract, may elongate. 1 = 7.2.187 cu. in. W.’s Symptom, paralysis of the 4 = "º pint = 28.875 cu. in. & oculo-motor of one side and hemi- 8 = 2 pints = } §ºis =557. plegia of the opposite side. W.'s 2.3L. sc. I ..:*= Z. LENTS IN TROY P. Z. LENTS IN TROY > Z LENTS IN TROY 35 % WEIGHTS. 35 % WEIGHTS. 35 % WEIGHTS. w; ſº ; º On § (ſ) ſº É 3. o, § uſ) Uſ) [1] ; º: (n) § &n § 5 §§ | 3 | # | # # § 5 §§ | 3 | # # É š 5 §§ | 3 | # # # < * → C & -; cº; < * —l { -3 *— 3 \- £4 X: 3 !-- 5 \- p. ×: c *—t *- *—s C) {r} O Q (ſ) C) C) [1] O Q U) C) C) {r} O Q | } Cº) O.OI O. I543 § 3.O 46.297 | . • * 2 6# 23.0 | 354.944 5 2 5 O.O2 o.3086 § 4.O 61.729 I I# 24.0 370.376 6 Ioš O.O3 O.4630 | . . & º tº a # || 5.0 77.162 I I7% 25.0 385.809 6 5% O.O4 O.6173 | . . • e 6 º' Yr 6.o 92.594 I I | I2; 26.0 | 401.241 6 I} O.05 o.7717 # 7.0 | 108.026 I 2 8 27.0 || 416.673 6 2 | 16# o.O6 O.926o | . . • * tº e # 8.0 | I23.459 2 * g. 3# 28.0 432. Ioë 7 I21's o.o.7 I.08o3 | . . . . . tº e I 9.0 | I38.891 2 18; 5 29.0 || 447.538 7 7% o.O8 I.2347 | . . tº tº & © I} IO.O | I54.323 2 I I4% 30.0 462.970. . . 7 2 3 O.09 I.3890 | . . * ºn e e I} II.O I69.756 2 2 9: 3I.O || 478.403] . . 7 2 18% O. I I.543 tº e e tº * @ I} I2. O 185.188 3 5% 32.0 || 493.835. I tº e . . . I3é O.2 3.086 - e. tº c e - 3 I3.0 | 200.62I 3 I # 40.0 | 617.294. I 2 I7.1% O.3 4.630 - tº © e • * 43 I4.0 |216.053 3 I I6 45.o | 694.456 I 3 Ioš O.4 6. I73 * - tº gº & - 6# I5.0 231.485 3 2 | II} 5o.o 771.617. I 4 2 II; O.5 7.716 - - tº tº tº º 7; I6.O | 246.918 4 tº º 61% 60.0 | 925.941| I 7 6 o.6 9.259 • * ſº tº * * 9} 17.0 262.350 4. I 2} 7o.o | Io&o.264| 2 2 © # o.7 Io.803 - - tº e . . . Io: 18.0 277.782 4. I 17% 80.0 | I234.588| 2 4. I I4% o,8 I2.346 tº º tº e . . . I2% I9.O 293.215 4 2 I3% 90.0 I388.911 2 7 we e 9 O.9 13.889 • * & e • - || I4 20.0 308.647 5 - - 83 IOO.O I543.235 3 I 2 3} I.O I5.432 - - e e . . . I5% 2.I.O 324.079 5 I 4?5 2.O 30.865 - - © tº I Ioš 22.0 339.5I2 5 I I9% TABLE FOR CONVERTING TROY WEIGHTS INTO METRIC WEIGHTS. < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < p. p: £4 p. p. £4 0. ſº p. p. £4 £4 p. p. p. p. O O C) C) C) C) C) O C) CO C) O C) C) C) Q) I o.O648 I6 I.O37 3I 2.009 46 2.980 6I 3.952 76 4.924 9I 5.896 3OO I9.440 2 O. I296 17 I. IO2 32 2.073 47 3.O45 62 4.OI7 77 4,989 92 5.961 360 || 23.328 3 O. I944 I8 I. I66 33 2.138 48 3. IIO 63 4.082 78 5.054 93 6.026 400 25.920 4. O.2592 I9 I.23I 34 2.2O3 49 3. I75 64 4. I47 79 5. I 18 94. 6.090 480 || 31.103 5 O.324O 2O I.296 35 2.268 50 3.234 65 4.2 II 8o 5. I83 95 6.155 500 || 32.396 6 o.3888 2I 1.361 36 2.332 5.I 3.304 66 4.276 8I 5.248 96 6.220 6oo 38.875 7 O.4536 22 I.426 37 2.397 52 3.369 67 4.34I 82 5.3.I3 97 6.285 700 45.354 8 O.5184 23 I.490 38 2.462 53 3.434 68 4.406 83 5.378 98 6.350 800 51.833 9 O.5832 24 I.555 39 2.527 54 3.499 69 4.47I || 84 5.442 99 6.4I4 900 58.313 IO o.648o 25 I.62o 40 2.592 55 3.564 70 4.535 85 5.507 IOO 6.479 960 62.207 II O.7I 30 26 1.685 4 I 2.656 56 3.628 71 4.600 86 5.572 I2O 7.776 IOOO 64,792 I2 o.7776 27 I,749 42 2.721 57 3.693 72 4.665 87 5.637 ISO 9.7.19 I3 O.8424 28 I.814 43 2.786 58 3.758 73 4,730 88 5.702 I8o II.664 I4. O.9072 29 I.869 44 2.851 59 3.823 74 4.795 89 5.766 || 200 I2.958 I5 O.972 3O I.944 45 2.916 6O 3.888 75 4.859 90 5.83I 240 I5.552 Weil's Disease. An infectious febrile disease, some- what resembling typhoid fever, accompanied by mus- cular pain and grave disturbance of the digestive organs. See Diseases, Table of - Weisner's Tests. Tests for lignin. The specimen is first acted on by hydrochloric acid, and then moist- ened with a solution of phloroglucin in water and alcohol. If the cell-walls are lignified, they will at once assume a red color. Höhnel suggests the em- ployment of a strong decoction of cherry-wood in- stead of phloroglucin. Used in the same way, it im- parts a violet color to lignified cells (Goodale). Weiss’ Reflex. A peculiar curved reflex seen with the ophthalmoscope parallel with and to the nasal side of the papilla or disc of the fundus of the eye. It is thought to be a sign of myopia. Weissmann’s Ahnenplasma. See Heredity, Weiss- mann's Theory of W.’s Theory. See Blastogenesis, Germ-plasm, and Aſeredity. Weissmannism. See Aeredity, Weissmann's 7%eory of Weitbrecht, Cartilage of. See Cartilage. W., Cord of. See Cord. W.’s Ligament. See Zºga- ment. W., Retinacula of. See A’etinacula. Welcker's Angles. See Angle. Welk. See Whe/4. Well [ME., wel, well]. eased. An artificially cavity or pit. Wells' Facies. The facies of ovarian disease. Welt. See Wheal. - Wen. See Sebaceous Cyst. - Wenz’s Method. A method of removing all the pro- teids from a liquid. Saturate the solutions with am- monium sulphate, and all the proteids but peptones will be precipitated, and may be filtered off. Werlhoff’s Disease. Purpura haemorrhagica. Diseases, Table of Wernekinck, Commissure of. The decussation of the prepeduncles of the cerebellum. v- Wernicke's Fissure. See Fissure. W.'s Sign, Hemiopic pupillary inaction. If a bright light is thrown into the eye and the pupil reacts, the integrity of the reflex arc is demonstrated. It is possible in cases of lateral hemianopsia to throw the light into the eye so that it falls upon the blind half of the retina. If when this is done the pupil contracts, the indica- In good health, not dis- made spring of water. A See WERTHEIM'S OINTMENT tion is that the reflex arc referred to is perfect, by which is meant that the optic nerve-fibers from the retinal expansion to the center, the center itself, and the third nerve are uninvolved. In such a case the conclusion would be justified that the cause of the hemianopsia was central; that is, situated behind the geniculate bodies, either in the fibers of the optic radi- ation or in the visual cortical centers. If, on the other hand, when the light is carefully thrown on the hemiopic half of the retina, the pupil remains inactive, the conclusion is justifiable that there is interruption in the path between the retina and the geniculate bodies, and that the hemianopsia is not central, but dependent upon a lesion situated in the tract. Wertheim’s Ointment. An ointment used in treating chloasmata. It consists of the ammoniated chlorid of mercury and bismuth, each two drams, and glycerin ointment one ounce. This is to be smeared over the blotches. Werwolf, Werewolf (wèr/-wulf) [ME., werwolf]. A lycanthrope. See Lycanthropy and Zoënthropy. West Indian Colic. See Colic. Westphal’s Nucleus. See AVucleus. W., Paradoxic Contraction of, this consists in the contraction of a muscle, caused by the passive approximation of its extremities. It is best known in the tibialis anticus, in which it can be produced in proper cases by rapid dorsal flexion of the foot; the foot remains firmly fixed in this position for some time. It has been observed in cases of combined sclerosis of the posterior and lat. eral columns and in paralysis agitans (Westphal). It is found only in disease. W.’s Phenomenon, or Symptom, loss of the knee-jerk, as in tabes dorsalis. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of W.-Erb's Symptom. Same as Westphal’s Phenomenon. Wet [ME., wet, wet]. Moist; not dry. W. Brain, an excessively serous condition of the brain, seen post- mortem in cases of alcoholism, etc. W.-cupping, cupping combined with scarification, whereby some blood is drawn. W.-nurse. See AWurse. W. Pack, wrapping a patient with a wet sheet covered with dry blankets. W.-scald, eczema in sheep, occurring in wet and cold weather. W. Tetter. See Aczema. Weyl's Test (for Areatinim). See Tests, Table of Whale-oil [AS., hwæl, whale]. Train-oil. An oil extracted from the blubber of the common or Green- land whale. It is yellowish or brownish in color and of disagreeable odor. Its specific gravity is .920 to .931. It is used for illumination and for soap-making. Wharl (hwarl) [a variety of whirl]. The uvular or rattling utterance of the A’sound. Wharton’s Canal. See Ozect. W., Duct of. See Auct. W.'s Jelly, the gelatin-like connective tissue of the umbilical cord. Wheal (hºvel) [ME., wheel, a pimple]. A raised stripe or ridge on the skin, usually of short duration and accom- panied with violent itching. It may be produced by a stroke or from the bite or sting of an insect, or it occurs as a symptom in urticaria. See Pomphus. W.- worm, the Acarus scabiei, or itch-insect. Wheat (hwet). See Triticum. Wheatena (hwet-e'-mah) [ME., whete, wheat]. An arti- ficial food said to contain all the elements of the wheat- berry except the husk. The starch-granules have al- ready been ruptured by heat, and only a few moments’ cooking is necessary. Wheel (hwel) [ME., wheel, wheel]. A circular frame or solid disc turning on an axis. In biology, the tro- cheal disc of Rotifera. W.-crutch, a contrivance used in orthopedic surgery whereby children unable to walk from hip-disease, paralysis, etc., may move themselves from place to place. W., Knight's, a small wheel 1617 WHITE rotating in the horizontal plane, with a number of seeds attached to its circumference, devised by Andrew Knight to ascertain the effect of geotropism. W. of Life. See Zoetrope. Wheelhouse's Operation. Incision into the urethra through the perineum for the treatment of stricture. See under Crethrotomy. - Wheeze (hwez) [ME., hºwezen, to wheeze]. To breathe hard; to puff and blow ; to breathe with difficulty and audibly. Wheezing (hwez/-ing)[ME., hwesen, to wheeze]. The half-stertorous, sibilant sound occasionally observed in the breathing of persons affected with croup, asthma, or coryza. Whelk (hwel}) [ME., wełż]. A protuberance upon the face, due to alcoholism ; acne rosacea ; a pimple. Whetstone Crystals (hwet/-stön). Peculiar crystals of xanthin found in urine. Whey (hwa) [ME., whey, whey]. The liquid part of milk separating from the curd in coagulation. W., Alum, whey separated by stirring milk with a lump of alum; a popular remedy for sore eyes. W.-cure, a cure for chronic catarrh of the respiratory organs. This consists in drinking warm whey, either alone or mixed with a mineral water, in definite quantities at set times. About 20 ounces are taken daily. This is regarded by many as in all respects similar to the use of skimmed milk. Sometimes the method is com- bined with baths of whey. See Serotherapy and Aponipsis. W., Wine, a whey prepared by adding Rhine wine, I part, to hot milk, 4 parts, and straining. Whiff (hwif) [origin obscure]. A puff of air. W., Oral, a peculiar sound heard during expiration from the open mouth, principally in cases of thoracic aneur- ySm. Whipping (hwip/-ing). See Flagellation and Percus- S2072. . Whip-worm (hwip/-wurm). See Thread-worm. Whirl (Awurl) [ME., whirlem, to whirl]. To revolve rapidly. W.-bone : I. The head of the femur. 2. The patella. Whirling (hwter/-ing)[ME., whirlen, to whirl]. volving rapidly. W.-chair. See Chair. Whiskers (hwis/-Aerg) [origin obscure]. I. The beard, especially that of the cheeks. 2. The vibrissae of the Cat. Whiskey, Whisky (/;wis/-Ae) [Sc., whiskey]. See Spiritus frumenti. W.-nose. See Acne rosacea. Whisper (hwis/-per) [ME., whisperen, to whisper]. An utterance of words by the breath, without vocali- zation; in auscultation, the Sound of a whispering voice, as a cavernous z0/z'sfer. Whispered (hwis/-perd) [ME., whisperen, to whis- per]. Uttered beneath the breath. W. Bronchoph- ony. See Bronchop/lony. Whispering Pectoriloquy. See Pectoriloquy. Whistle (hwis/-/) [ME., whistle, a whistle]. A sound produced by forcing the breath through the con- tracted lips. W., Galton's. See Galton’s Whistle. Whistling (hwis/-ling) [ME., whistle, whistle]. Broken wind in the horse. White (hwit) [ME., whit, white]... The opposite of black. In chromatics, the color-effect produced by a mixture of the primary colors. W. Blisters, a gan- grenous eruption, following varicella and other pustular eruptions in children; varicella gangraenosus, rupia es- charotica, pemphigus gangraenosus, dermatitis gangrae- nosa infantum. W.-browed, having a white supercil- iary streak. W.-celled Blood. Synonym of Zeze- Åemia. W. Clay. See Kaolin. W. Clot, a clot occur- ring in the heart or vessels, devoid of red coloring-mat- ter. It is usually formed before death. W. Cohosh. Re- © Io2 WHITE'S DISEASE See Actea. W. Commissure, the ventral commissure of the spinal cord. W.-crowned, having the crown or top of the head white. W. Diarrhea, diarrhea in which there is a large amount of thin mucus in the stools. W., Dutch, a mixture of white lead and barium sulphate, I : 3. W. Dysentery, dysentery without admixture of blood in the stools. W. Flake, lead subcarbonate. W. Flux (of India), “Hill diarrhea ; ” tropical diarrhea associated with the presence of the ankylostoma. See Diarrhea. W. Galls, the nutgalls procured after the escape of the insect; they are inferior to the blue or black galls. W. Gangrene. See Gangrene. W. Gum, Milia strophulus albidus of Willan. W., Hamburg, a mixture of white lead and barium sulphate, I : 2. W. Infarct. See Infarct. W. Lead, lead car- bonate. See Pigments, Conspectus of W. Lead Substitute. See Pigments, Conspectus, of W. Leg. See Phlegmasia alba dolens and Zeg. W. Leprosy. See Vitiligo. W. Lettuce. See AVabalus. W. Line (of the pelvic fascia), a thickened, whitish band in the pelvic fascia, extending from the lower part of the Symphysis pubis to the spine of the ischium. This line marks the point of division of the fascia into two layers, the obturator and the recto-vesical. W.- lipped, having white lips. W. Matter. See Araiza. W. Mole. See Mole. W. Mustard, sinapis alba. W. Nail, a condition of the nail in which spots and bands of white are seen on its surface. Occasionally the whole nail may be white. The mechanical cause is the presence of air between the affected lamellae, but the origin is unknown. The condition is sometimes associated with gout, syphilis, or leprosy, or is a part of trophic changes. The white spots commonly seen on the nails of young persons are due to trauma. W. Oak Bark. See Quercus alòa. W., Paris, whiting. W., Pearl, bismuth subnitrate. W., Permanent, pulverized barium sulphate mixed with white lead. W. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia. W. Precipitate. See Precipitate and Hydrargyrum. W. Rosin, ordin- ary rosin which has been melted and mixed with water. W. Sage. See Brotia lamata. W. San- dalwood. See Santalum. W. Softening, a form of cerebral softening in which the affected area pre- sents a dirty-white color, due to embolism of one of the larger arteries or to gradual narrowing of the arteries by chronic endarteritis. W. Substance of Schwann. See Schwann. W. Swelling. See Aydrarthrosis. W. Táche, a form of tâche observed in typhoid fever, in which the vessels of the area irritated by the nail undergo contraction and remain empty. W. Tanned Leather. See Zeather. W., Venetian, a mixture of equal parts of white lead and barium sulphate. W. Vervain, the root of Ver- Aema urticifolia ; of reputed value in malarial fevers. W. Vitriol, zinc sulphate. See Pigments, Conspectus of. W. Wax, yellow wax bleached by exposure to air, light, and moisture. W. Wine. See Wine. W.- winged, having white wings. White's Disease. Same as Darier's Disease. Whites (hwitz). See Zeukorrhea. Whiting (hwit/-ing) [ME., whit, white]. calcium carbonate. whitleather (/, wit/-/eth-er) [ME., whittlether]. The ligamentum nuchae, or packwax, of the ox. . . whitlow (hwitz-ſo). See Pamaris. W., Painless. See Morvan’s Disease. Whole (hol) [ME., hol, whole]. sound. e Whoop (hoop) [ME., houpem, to whoop.]. . The in- spiratory crow which precedes or occurs during a par- oxysm in whooping-cough. Purified Hale; healthy; 1618 WILL Whooping Cough (hoo/-ping-kawf). See Pertussis and Bacillus tussis convulsivae, Afanassiew, under Æacteria, Synonymatic Table of Whorl (Aword) [ME., whorle, whorl). See Portex. In biology, organs disposed in a circle about a cen- tral axis are said to be arranged in a whorl. W. of Heart. See Vortex of Heart. Whytt’s Disease. Acute hydrocephalus. W.'s Tinc- ture, a preparation consisting of cinchona 6, orange- peel 2, gentian 2, cinnamon I, dilute alcohol 50. Wickersheimer's Fluid. A fluid employed chiefly for the preservation of museum specimens. There are two formulae, the first for injecting, and the second for immersing. They are as follows:– - Fºr S# Second Solution. Solution. Arsenious acid, . . . . . . . I6 gms. 12 gms. Sodium chlorid, . . . . . . O 6o Potassium sulphate, . . . . 200 I5o * { Carbonate, . . . . 20 IS “... nitrate, . . . . . 25 I8 Glycerin, . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 C.C. 4,000 C.C Wood-naphtha, . . . . . . 750 750 ater, . . . . . . . . . . . . Io,000 IO,OOO Widal Reaction (Gruber-Widal Reaction, Agglu- tination - test). The clumping and sedimentation, with loss of mobility, of certain bacteria on addition of blood-serum from persons who have passed or are passing through the disease to which the respective bacterium gives rise. Wig [abbr. of periwig]. the head. Wigger's Ergotin. An alcoholic extract prepared from ergot deprived of fixed oil by means of ether. W.'s Method, a Method of Generating Chlorin. Mix 18 parts of finely ground common salt with 15 parts of finely pulverized good manganese dioxid. Put the mixture in a flask and pour a completely cooled mixture of 45 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid and 21 parts of water upon it, and shake. Wild (wild) [ME., wilde, wild]. Not domesticated. W. Bean. See Apios. W. Bergamot, the herb Monarda ſistulosa, in large doses a powerful diapho- retic. A reputed antiperiodic. Dose of the fla. ext. mixv-3j. W. Cherry. See Prunus virginiana. W.-fire. Synonym of Ærysipelas. W. Ginger. See Asarum. W. Indigo. See Baptisia. W. Liquor- ice. See Abrus. W.-mare, the night-mare. W. Marjoram. See Origanum. W. Potato. See Con- volvulus panduratus. W. Sage. See Serra salvia. W. Silk. See Sºlà. W. Sunflower. See Grizz- deſia. W. Yam. See Dioscorea. Wilde, Cords of. Transverse striae of the corpus cal- losum. W.'s Incision, in operations in the mas- toid region, the incision of the soft parts. See Operations, Table of Wilder’s Fissures. See Fºssacre. See Poramina, Zable of. Wildermuth's Ear. See Far, Deformities, and Dis- eases, Table of. Wilkinson’s Formula. An animal parasiticide used in dermatology. It consists of sulphur, tar, and lard, of each two ounces, precipitated chalk one ounce, ammonium sulphid one-half dram. It is used for tinea tonsurans and scabies. W.’s Ointment, or Salve, for psoriasis; it consists of sublimed sulphur and oil of cade, of each four drams, green soap and lard each one ounce, prepared chalk two and one- half drams. Wilks's Kidney. The large white kidney of chronic parenchymatous nephritis. See Aiseases, Zable of Will (wiſ) [ME., willen, to will]... Volition; desire, with more or less engagement of the motor centers and of the muscular system. A covering of false hair for W., Foramen of. WILL AND VARRENTRAP'S METHOD Will and Varrentrap's Method. See AVäſrogen. Williamson's Diabetic Blood Test. Place in a test- tube of small caliber 40 c. mm. of water and 20 c. mm. of blood taken from the finger-tip or lobule of the ear; add to this I c.c. of methyl blue Solution (1 : 6000) and 40 c. mm. of liquid potassae. Place the test-tube in boiling water for three or four minutes with- out shaking. If the blood is that of a diabetic patient, the blue color will disappear and the fluid will become yellow. In nondiabetic blood the blue color will remain. Williams’ Tracheal Tone. The peculiar resonance, sometimes found in the second intercostal space in cases of very large pleural effusions. It is a dull tym- panitic resonance, becoming higher on opening the mouth, and arises from the vibrations of air in a large bronchus surrounded by compressed lung. Willis, Chords of. Fibrous bands, which extend transversely across the inferior angle of the superior longitudinal sinus. W., Circle of. See Circle. W.’s Disease, diabetes. See Diseases, Zable of. W., Nerve of. See AVerves, Zable of. Willow (wiſ/-o) [ME., wilowe, willow]. See Salix. W.-bark, the bark of several species of willow, nota- bly Salix arenaria and S. capraea, used in Russia and Denmark for the tanning of lighter skins, for the manufacture of glove-leather and the so-called Russia leather. The percentage of tannin it contains is usually given as from three to five per cent., although Eitner found over 12 per cent. in several species. W.-herb. See Epilobium and Lythrum. Wilson’s Disease. General exfoliative dermatitis. See Diseases, Table of W.’s Formula, an animal parasiticide used in dermatology. It contains sulphur I ounce, potassium carbonate 2 drams, benzoated lard 5 ounces, oil of chamomile 34 dram. W.’s Muscle. See Muscles, 7able of Winch (winch) [ME., winche, the crank of a wheel]. The handle for turning a wheel or other revolving ap- paratus; the apparatus thus revolved. W., Verona, an apparatus having a cog-wheel and used for tighten- ing a ligature around a hemorrhoid. Wind [ME., wind, wind]. I. A current of air. 2. Flatus. W. of a Ball, the compression of air said to be produced by the passage of a ball close to the body, and to give rise to an injury called a “wind- contusion.” W., Broken. See Aſeaves. W.-colic. See Bloat. W.-contusion. See W. of a Ball. W.-dropsy, a synonym for flatulence. W., Elec- tric, that form of electric current which, coming in contact with the person, gives the sensation of a gentle blowing upon the parts. W.-fertilized, anemophil- ous. W.-flower, anemone. W.-galls, in farriery, dilated bursae found at the posterior part of the fetlock- joint, and due to a dropsical condition of the bursae and tendon. W.-getting, in the process of training, a gradual increase in the capability of the heart, especially of the right chambers. W.-pipe. See Trachea. W.-pox, chicken-pox, or varicella. W.- puff, the collection of air or gas beneath the skin of a fowl following the operation of caponizing. Simple puncture affords relief. W.-stroke, acute spinal paralysis in the horse. W.-sucking: I. The habit of a horse that carries his nose in the air. 2. More correctly, the habit of a horse, called crib-biting. Windlass (wind/-las) [ME.]. An apparatus for wind- ing a cord on an axle, the cord being tightened by means of a weight. W., Spanish. See Tourniquet and Garrot, Window (win/-do) [ME., windowe, window]. An aper- ture in a wall for the admission of light and air. W., Oval. See Fenestra ovalis. W., Round. See Aenestra rotunda. 1619 WINTER Wine (win) [ME., win, wine]. The fermented juice of various species of Pºtis. A sweet wine is one in which a notable portion of the original grape-sugar of the must has escaped fermentation, or to which an ad- dition of sugar has been made subsequent to the main fermentation. A dry wine is one in which the sugar, whether originally present or subsequently added, has almost all undergone change in the processes of fermen- tation. A sparkling wine is one in which a supplemen- tary fermentation is purposely developed subsequent to the bottling, whereby quantities of carbon dioxid are developed and held dissolved under pressure. See Vinum. W., Barley, beer. W.-blue, the color- ing-matter of red wines, a blue substance similar to litmus, possessing the property of turning red in the presence of acids. W., Burgundy, a heavy red or white wine from Burgundy, France. W., Champagne. See Champagne. W.-glassful, two fluidounces. Ws., Heavy, wines containing more than 12 per cent. by weight of alcohol. W., High, commercial ethyl-alcohol. Ws., Light, wines containing less than 12 per cent. by weight of alcohol, as claret, Sauterne, or Moselle. . W., Low, the products of the first distillation. W., Madeira, a heavy wine from the island of Madeira, having a nutty flavor. W.-madness, a form of insanity asso- ciated with and caused by alcoholism. See Oinomania. W., Malaga, a sweet wine from Malaga in Spain; it contains between I 3 and I4 per cent. of alcohol. W., Milk, fermented milk. See Aeſºr. W., Moselle, a light wine from the valley of the Moselle in Ger- many. W., Mulled, a preparation made by adding eggs and spices to wine and then heating it. W.- nose, a popular term for acne rosacea. W. Oil of. See W., Oil of, Heavy. W., Oil of, Con- crete. See Bſherin. W., Oil of, Heavy, ethereal oil. W., Oil of, Light, etherol, a yellowish liquid of a peculiar odor obtained from ethereal oil. W., Port, a heavy wine from Oporto, Portugal. W., Raisin, wine consisting mainly of a fermented infusion of raisins; it contains also the fermented juice of fresh grapes, sugar, and tartaric acid. W., Red. See Vinzam rubrum. W., Sherry, a heavy wine from the region of Xeres, in Spain; it is white or brown in color. The sherry wine often obtained seldom contains any wine at all, but consists of alcohol, water, and flavoring ingredients. W., Spirit of, ethyl-alcohol. W.-vinegar. See Vinegar. W.-whey, a nutritious and slightly stimulating preparation used in adynamic states. It is made of white wine and milk, from two to eight ounces of the former being added to a pint of the latter at the boiling temperature; the whey is then strained off and sweetened. W., White. See Vinzamz album. Wing [ME., winge, wing]. In biology, an organ adapted for flight. See Ala. W. of Ingrassias, the alae of the sphenoid. W.-seed. See Preſea trifoliata. Winged (wingd) [ME., winge, wing]. Possessing alae, or wings. W. Scapulae, the peculiar deflection of the scapulae in tuberculous patients, or in those so inclined. See Angel-wing. Wink (wing?) [ME., winken, to wink]. open the eyelids quickly. Winker (wing/-ker) [ME., winkem, to wink]. An eyelash. See Aaw. - Winking (wing/-king). See AVictitation. Winogradsky, Nitrifying Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Winslow, Foramen of. See Foramina, 7able of W., Ligament of. See Ligament. Winter (win/-ter) [ME., winter, winter]. The cold season of the year. W.-berry, black alder; fever- To close and WINTERA bush. W. Clover, partridgeberry; checkerberry. W. Cough. See Cough and Bronchitis. W. Egg, in biology, a reproductive body in an encysted or resting condition, and capable of retaining its vitality through- out the winter season. Cf. Statoblast, Spherula. W. Epidemic. Synonym of Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. W.-fat. See Erotia lamata. W.-green. See Gaultheria. W. Itch. Same as Army Itch. Wintera, Winter's Bark (win/-ter-ah) [L.]. The aromatic and tonic bark of Drimys winter. See Arimys. Unof. - Wintrich's Sign. The change in the pitch of the per- cussion-note over a cavity in the lungs when the mouth is open or closed. See Signs and Symptoms, Zable of Wire (wir) [ME., wir, a wire]. A filament of metal, as steel, iron, silver, or the like. Wire is used in sur- gical operations for suturing, etc. Woven-wire splints are also employed. Wire is an essential part of the electric circuit. Wiring (wir/-ing) [ME., wir, wire]. Securing or staying by means of wire. W. Pin, a method of fix- ing the fragments of a broken bone by means of pins, as in fracture of the olecranon or patella. Wirsung, Canal of. See Canal. W., Duct of. See APuct. Wiry (wi'-re) [ME., wir, wire]. tough and flexible. W. Pulse. Wisdom-teeth. See Z eeth. Wish-bone (wish/-bón). See Furcula. Wisp [ME., wisp, a little sheaf or bundle]. An inflam- mation of the interdigital substance of the hind foot of the ox or cow. VVistar's Lozenges. See Zozenge. The cornua of the sphenoid. Wistaria (wis - ta/- re-ah) [after Caspar Wistar, an American anatomist]. A genus of shrubs belonging to the Zeguminosa, indigenous to Japan, China, and the United States. The flowers of the Chinese species are said to be distilled for their perfume. Wistarin (wis/-far-in) [after Caspar Wistar, an Ameri- can anatomist]. A poisonous glucosid extracted from the bark of Wisſaria chºzzensis. Witch (wich) [ME., witche, a witch]. A person (of either sex) given to necromancy; a sorcerer. W.- grass. Triticum repens. See Triticum. W.-hazel. See Hamame/s. VV. - meal. See Lycopodium. W.’s Milk, the popular name for the small quantity of milk secreted for a few days after birth by the mammary glands of new-born animals of both sexes. W.-wood. Mountain ash. Withania (with-a/-ne-a/.) [L.]. A genus of solana- ceous plants. VV. coagulans curdles milk, is al- terative, diuretic, and emetic. VV. somnifera is emetic and hypnotic. See Somnēferin. Unof. Wither (with/-er) [ME., widder, to wither]. To become sapless and shrunken ; to become dry and wrinkled; to decay generally. ' Withering (with/-er-ing) [ME., widder, to wither]. The shriveling or atrophy of an organ. W. Car- cinoma, carcinoma showing a tendency to atrophy and shrinkage. Withers (with/-erz) [origin obscure]. The ridge above the shoulders of the horse, formed by the spinous pro- cesses of the first eight or ten thoracic vertebrae. Wither-wrung (with’-er-rung). Hurt or galled in the withers. Withy (with/-e) [ME., withy, a willow]. of several species of Salix. Witt's Theory of Colors. See Pigments. Wittich and Kistiakowsky’s Method. A method of extracting soluble animal ferments. This consists in hardening the organ in alcohol for three days and Resembling wire; See Pulse. W.’s Pyramids. The name 1620 WOOD then cutting it up into very small pieces, extracting with glycerol, and filtering. On the addition of alco- hol to the filtrate the ferment is precipitated. Wladimiroff's Operation. See Operations, Table of Woad (wód) [ME., wod, woad]. The Isatis tincto- nia. See Pigments, Conspectus of. W., Waxen, the Gemista tinctoria, W., Wild, the Reseda luteola. Woillez’ Disease. A name given to active conges- tion of the lungs, on the supposition that it is an in- dependent primary affection. See Diseases, Table of. Wolf [ME., wolf, wolf]. A digitigrade carnivo- rous canine quadruped, Canis lupus. W.’s-bane. See Aconife. W.'s Bast, Daphne megereum. W.'s Claw, W.’s Foot. See Lycopodium. W.-mad- ness. See Lycanthropy. W.-teeth (of the horse), premolars of a peculiar shape, not occurring in every animal, and resembling the incisive teeth of the Call"Ill WOra. Wolff, Canal of. See Canal. Wolffian (wool/-fe-an) [after K. F. Wolff, a German anatomist]. Pertaining to the anatomist Wolff. W. Body, “The chief occupant of the embryonic Wolffian ridge; in anamnia it is the chief renal organ throughout life; in amniota it disappears during em- bryonic life, being replaced by the true kidney, except that a small part of the cephalic end is retained and enters into special relations with the sexual organs. In its primitive form the Wolffian body appears to have consisted of a series of transverse tubules (Wolffian or segmental tubules) emptying into the Wolffian or pronephric duct. The Wolffian bodies were discov- ered by Casper Fr. Wolff, “Theoria generat.,’ in 1759. They received their present name from H. Rathke in I82O, but Rathke termed the same organs in mam- mals Ożen’sche Körper. In 1824 Jacobson intro- duced the name Primordia/ AWiere, and discovered that in birds the bodies secreted uric acid. The bodies were recognized in man by J. Fr. Meckel and Johannes Müller. The older writers held them to be either the beginnings of the kidneys, or spermaducts, or horns of the uterus, etc. Rathke, by discovering the origin of the true kidney, led the way to true con- ceptions.” (Minot.) Also, called Corps de Wolff, Urmiere, Mesonephros, Primitive ſidmey, g. v. W. Cysts. See Cyst. W. Duct. See Duct. W. Ridge, “The protuberance produced by the increase in size and number of the Wolffian tubules, and its inclusion of the genital ridge is a secondary result of its enlargement in the higher vertebrata. Out of the Wolffian ridge there arise three primary organs, the pronephros (head kidney), the Wolffian body (anam- niate. or primitive kidney, and the true kidney of the amniota (metanephros).” (Minot.) Also, called AVephridial ridge, g. v. * Wollaston’s Camera Lucida. See Camera. W.’s Method, a method for the determination of the re- fractive indices of liquids, based on the total refraction caused by a layer of liquids. Woman [AS., wiftman, a wife man]. male of the human species. - * , Womb (woom) [ME., wombe, wombl. See UAEerus. W.-grain. See AErgot. W.-passage. See Vagina. W.-stone. See Hysterolith and Calculus. Wonder (wum/-der) [ME., wonder, wonder]. Aston- ishment and admiration. W.-apple. See Balsam- apple. W.-net. See Rete mirabile. Wongshy (wong/-she). See Pigments, Conspectus of Wooba (woo/-bah) [E. Ind.]. A form of diarrhea. Wood [ME., wode, wood]. The main part of a tree. The part within the bark. W.-alcohol. See Pyroxylic Spirit. W.-alcohol, W.-naphtha. The adult fe- WOOD’S THERAPEUTIC TEST See Methyl-alcohol. W.-Cells, libriform cells and other elongated, taper-pointed cells, not distinctly marked with pits, spiral or annular markings, found in the wood of plants. W.-fiber. See Cellulose. W.- flour, finely powdered wood, which, variously medi- cated, serves as a dressing for surgeons’ use. W., Heart, the older, harder, usually darker, central part of an endogenous stem. W.-oil. See Gurjun Aal- same. W.-parenchyma, elongated parenchyma-cells associated with wood-cells. W.-spirit. See Alcohol, Methyl, and Pyroxylic Spirit. W.-tar Creasote. See Creasote. W.-vinegar. See Pyroligneous Acid, and Acid, Acetic, Dilute. W.-wool, prepared fiber of wood used mainly as a surgical dressing. Wood's Therapeutic Test. In all cases of doubtful diagnosis of cerebral syphilis, iodid of potassium in daily doses of 60 grains should be given, and if this fails to produce iodism, for all practical purposes the person may be considered to be a syphilitic. This is now considered a fallacy, as personal idiosyncrasy to the iodids is perhaps as great in non-syphilitics as in syphilitics. Wooden Tongue (wood/-entung). See Actinomycosis. Wool [ME., woll, wool]. A variety of hair, found in greater or less quantity on almost all mammals, on a few of which, as the domestic sheep, it forms the principal covering of the body. The woolen fiber is finely crimped or curled, so that it becomes longer when drawn out, and shortens again when the strain is removed. This spring gives woolen fabrics notable elasticity. Wool is very hygroscopic. The best variety is colorless, but inferior grades are often yellowish, and sometimes even brown or black in color. True wool-fiber, when cleansed of impuri- ties, has approximately the following composition: Carbon, 49.25 per cent. ; hydrogen, 7.57 per cent. ; oxygen, 23.66 per cent. ; nitrogen, I5.86 per cent. ; sulphur, 3.66 per cent. The presence of sulphur is very distinctive of wool, and serves to distinguish it from silk, the other nitrogenous fiber. Wool is de- composed by heat; at I 30° C. ammoniacal vapors are given off, and at 140° to 150° C. sulphur compounds are also present in the vapors. When incinerated it emits the odor of burnt feathers. W., Antiseptic, wool that has been sterilized and subjected to the action of some antiseptic. W.-fat, asypus; an im- purity of wool, consisting of a mixture of cholesterin, together with isocholesterin and the compounds of these bodies with several of the fatty acids. See Suint, Agnin, Zanolin. Ws., Holmgren’s, a col- lection of colored wools used in the detection and estimation of subnormal color-perception. W.- perspiration, an impurity of wool consisting essen- tially of the potassium salts of oleic and stearic acids, possibly other fixed fatty acids, also potassium salts of volatile acids, like acetic and valerianic acids, and small quantities of chlorids, phosphates, and sulphates. W.- sorters’ Disease, anthrax ; wool-sorters are liable to blood-poisoning from various causes, especially to the disease anthrax. Woolen Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of Woolf, System of. A system of purifying water by the admixture of electrolyzed sea-water. Woorara (woo-rar/-ah). See Curare. Word (wurd) [ME., word, word]. A term ; a sound used in any language as the sign of a conception. W.-blindness, visual logagnosia. See Aphasia. W.-deafness, auditory logagnosia. See Aphasia. W.-mania, a symptom of mental disease consisting in a repeated pronunciation of certain words (Wort- besessenheit of the Germans). See Verbigeration. W.-photism. See Phonism and Photism. j621 WRIGHTIA Work (wuré) [ME., worken, to work]. I. To labor; to put forth effort. 2. Effort; labor. W., Internal, the force exerted in respiration, circulation, and other organic function. It is estimated as being daily equal to 260 foot-tons. Working (wurk/-ing)[ME., worken, to work]. Active; busy; operation. W. Distance. See Disſance. VV. Ocular. See Ocza/ar. Worm (wurm) [ME., worm, worm]. (a) Any member of the third and fourth races or phyla of the animal kingdom, i. e., the Platodes and the Vermes. (b) The Aytta or glossohyal cartilage or fibrous tissue of the tongue of a carnivora, sometimes mistaken by dog- fanciers for a parasitic worm and extracted. (c) The vermis or mesal lobe of the cerebellum. W., Bladder, the Zoenzia echinococcus. W.-seed, Ameri- can. See Chenopodium. VV.-seed, Levant. See Santonica. W.-sickness, a serious affection of sheep in Hollar?d caused by the fly Zuci/ia sericaſa. See Parasites (Animal), Table of W.-tea. See Spigelia. W.-wood. See Absinthum. Wormian (wur/-me-an) [after Olaus Worm, a Danish physician, I588–1654]. Pertaining to the physician, Olaus Worm. W. Bones, a name given to the super- numerary bones of the skull, which are frequently formed owing to the absorption or imperfect ossifica- tion of the tabular bones. Worremberg's Apparatus. An apparatus for polariza- tion by reflection. Worry (wur/-e) [ME., worryen, to worry]. Harass- ment; perplexity due to annoying cares and troubles; a frequent factor in nervous and cerebral troubles. Worsted Test. See Holmgren’s Test. Wort (wurt) [ME., wort, wort]. An infusion of malt; it is antiscorbutic, and is used sometimes in the dress- ing of ulcers. Unof. Woulfe's Apparatus, W.’s Bottles. An apparatus consisting of a series of three-necked bottles connected by suitable tubes, and used for washing gases or Satu- rating liquids there with. Wound (woond, or wownd) [ME., wound, wound]. A break or division of continuity of the soft parts caused by mechanical violence ; trauma. W., Com- plicated, a wound in which a foreign body is present, or in which there is great hemorrhage or pain. W., Contused, one produced by a blunt body. W.-fever. See Z}-azemzafic Rezer. W., Flesh, a wound involv- ing only skin and muscular tissue. W., Gunshot, one caused by a projectile. W., Incised, one caused by a cutting instrument. W., Lacerated, one in which the tissues are torn. W., Open, a wound hav- . ing a free external opening. W., Poisoned, one in which toxic materials are introduced, as in a dissec- tion-wound, etc. . W., Punctured, one made by a pointed instrument. W., Simple, one attended with a simple division of the soft parts without complication. W., Subcutaneous, a wound with a very small ex- ternal opening in the skin. W., Uterine, the portion of the uterus from which the placenta has been removed. Wourali (woo’-ra-ſe). See Curare. Wreath (reth) [AS., wrath, a twisted band]. In bi- ology, applied to a stage in karyokinesis, as the mother-wreath, daughter-wreath. See Asſer. Wredin’s Test. A test of live-birth. It consists in the absence of gelatinous matter from the middle ear; this is regarded as a proof that the fetus was born alive and has breathed. Wrightia (riº-te-ah) [after William Wright, a physician and botanist in Jamaica]. A genus of apocynaceous shrubs and trees. The bark of W. antidysenterica (or Holarrhena antidysenterica) of India is highly valued as a remedy for dysentery. Unof. WRINKLE Wrinkle (ring/-äl). See Ruga. Wrisberg, Abdominal Brain of. The solar plexus. W., Ansa of. See Ansa. W., Cartilages of. See Cartilage. W., Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of W., Lingula of. See Lingula. W., Nerves of: 1. The nerves supplying the skin of the arm. 2. Portio inter duram et mollem ; portio inter- media. A small nerve-fasciculus arising from the oblongata and coursing between the facial and auditory nerves. See AVerves, Zable of Wrist (rist) [ME., wrist, wrist]. That part of the fore-limb or fore-arm which joins the fore-arm and the hand. See Carpus. W.-clonus. See Aeſlexes, Table of. W.-drop, a paralysis of the extensor Xanthate (zam/-that) [šavóóg, yellow]. thic acid. Xanthein (zan/-the-in ) [šavóóg, yellow]. The yellow coloring-matter of plants (e.g., dahlia, sunflower), soluble in water, but not in alcohol, in which respect it differs from xanthin. Xanthelasma (zan - thel - az' - mah) [šav6óg, yellow ; ë%agua, a lamina]. Spots of yellowish discoloration of the skin of the face, especially about the eyes. X. multiplex. Same as Xanthoma multiplex. X. palpebrarum, xanthelasma of the skin of the eye- A salt of xan- lids. X. vitiligoides. Same as Xanthoma vitili- goides. Xanthelasmoidea (zan-thel-az-moi-de/-ah). Synonym of Orticaria pigmentosa. Xanthene (zan/-them) [šavóóg, yellow J. A yellow mixture obtained from persulphocyanic acid. Xanthic (zan/ º [šavóóg, yellow J. Pertaining to xanthin; yellowish. X. Acid. See Acid. X. Cal- culus, urinary calculus composed mainly of xanthin. Xanthidia (zan-thia/-e-ah) [šavóóg, yellow]. In bi- ology, small bodies found in the flints of the chalk- beds of England and held by Carter to be the petrified orbicular statoblasts of the Po/vzoa. Xanthin (zan/-thin) [šavBóg, yellow], C, H, N, O, I. A leukomain found in nearly all the tissues and liquids of the animal economy, and also in many plants; also in minute quantities as a normal constituent of urine. It is formed at the same time with adenin, guanin, and hypoxanthin in the decomposition of nuclein by dilute acids. Guanin is convertible into xanthin, which is thought to be one step lower, as an intermediate product of nuclein-decomposition, and nearer the uric- acid limit of oxidation. It probably is oxidized in the body as fast as it is formed. It is a colorless powder, almost insoluble in cold water, but readily soluble in dilute acids and alkalies. It is non-poisonous and a muscle-stimulant, especially of the heart. See Zezeżo- mains, Table of 2. The name given by Fremy and Cloez to the yellow coloring-matter of plants, which is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, in which respect it is distinguished from Xanthein. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of Xanthinuria (zam-ſhin-u/-re-ah) [šav66ſ, yellow; oipov, urine]. The presence of xanthin in excess in the urine. Xanthium (zam/-the-um). See Clotöur. 1622 XANTHO-KREATININ muscles of the hand accompanying lead-poisoning. See Dropped Wrist. W.-ganglion, a hernial pouch of a tendon-sheath upon the back of the wrist. W.- joint, the carpus, the articulations between the fore- arm and the hand. Writers' Cramp, W.s’ Palsy. See Cramp, Occupa- tion-neuroses, Paralysis. Writing Hand (ri’-ting-hand). A peculiar position assumed by the hand in paralysis agitans. See Par- alysis agitans. - Wry-neck (ri/-nek). See Torticollis. W., Rotatory, a variety of spasmodic rotatory movements of the head. Wurali (wu-ra/-le). Same as Curare. Xanthiuria (zan-the-u/-re-ah). See Xanthimuria. Xantho- (zan/-tho-) [šavóóg, yellow]. A prefix to de- note yellow or yellowness. Xanthocarpous (zan - tho - AEar/-pus) [šav66g, yellow; º fruit]. In biology, characterized by yellow ruit. Xanthochroi (zam-tho-Aro’-e) [šav66g, yellow ; Apotá, the complexion]. In biology, Huxley's term for the yellow-haired, pale-complexioned people spread over Asia, forming as it were, an ocean in which the Cal- muck and Tartar tribes from Mongolian islands were engulfed. They form the prevalent races of northern Europe, the fair whites, and are largely represented º northern Africa (Berbers). Cf., Leukon, Melano- C/27°02. - - Xanthochroia (zan - tho-Aro/-e-ah) [šav6óg, yellow ; Apotá, skin]. . Yellow discoloration of the skin, Xanthochromia (zam-ſho-Aro/-me-ah) [šav66c, yellow ; Apóſia, a color]. A persistent condition of yellow skin, resembling but not identical with jaundice. Xanthochroöus (zan - tho-Aro/- us) [šavóóg, yellow ; Apóa, skin]. Yellow-skinned. Xanthocyanopia, Xanthocyanopsia (zan-tho-si-an-o'- fe-ah, zan-tho-si-am-op/-se-ah) [favóóg, yellow; kūavog, blue; Śiptſ, sight]. A defect of color-vision in which yellows and blues are perceived, while reds are imper- ceptible. Xanthocystin (zam - tho-sis/-tim ) [šavóóg, yellow ; küotic, bladder]. A nitrogenous substance found in the whitish tubercles in the mucosae and organs of a corpse. - Xanthoderma (zan - tho-der/- mah) [šav06c, yellow ; dépua, skin]. Yellowness of the skin. Xanthodont (zan/- tho-dong) [šavóóg, yellow; béoùg, tooth]. . In biology, having yellow teeth, as the in- cisors of rodents. Xanthodontous (zam-tho-don/-tus) [šav66c, yellow ; ôôoíg, tooth]. Having a yellow discoloration of the teeth. Xanthogen (zan/-tho-jen). Same as Xantheim. Xanthoglobulin (zam-tho-glob/-u-lin) [šavóóg, yellow; globulus, a ball]. Same as Hypoxanthin. A yellow substance found in the liver and the pancreas. Xantho-kreatinin (zam-tho-Are-at'-in-in) [šavóóg, yel- low ; Kpeaç, flesh]. The most abundant of muscle- leukomains, named from the sulphur-yellow color of its crystals and its resemblance to kreatinin. It appears XANTHOKYANOPY in the physiologically active muscle at the same time with kreatinin, constituting sometimes one-tenth of the kreatinin present. It has been found by Monari in aqueous extracts of the muscles of a tired dog, and in the urine of soldiers fatigued by marching. In large doses it is decidedly poisonous, producing depression, Somnolence, extreme fatigue, frequent defecation, and vomiting. See Zeukomains, Table of Xanthokyanopy (zan-tho-ki-an/-o-pe) [šavóóc, yellow ; kvávog, blue; &lp, eye]. Red-green blindness, with undiminished spectrum. See Xanthocyanopsia. Xantholin (zan/-tho-lin). Same as Santonica. Xanthoma (zan-tho’mah) [šavóóg, yellow ; āua, tumor]. Xanthelasma, a form of new-growth of the skin, oc- curring as plaques imbedded in the skin, or as nodules from a pin's head to a bean in size, rarely larger. The color is yellow, usually the tint of chamois-leather. The plaques are slightly raised above the surface, but are scarcely perceptible to the touch when pinched. They are frequently seen in the form of plates imbed- ded in the eyelids, especially in people past middle age who have been subject to migraine. X. diabeti- corum, Lichen diabeticorum : a rare disease of the skin always associated with diabetes mellitus. It de- velops rapidly and sometimes intermittently; the lesions are denser and firmer than those of true xan- thoma, and are dull-red, discrete, and solid, though at the apex they present a yellowish point, like pus. They are abundant on the scalp and face, but never exist on the eyelids, nor are they ever associated with jaundice. Itching and tingling are always present. X. lineare vel striatum, a form of X. plazzum in which the lesions occur in lines or striae. X. macu- latum et papulatum, a form of X. planum in which the lesions occur in papules and macules as well as in plaques. X. multiplex, a form occurring usually in women about middle life. It is frequently hereditary and is usually associated with jaundice, which, as a rule, precedes it by a year or more. The lesions are generally distributed. X. palpebrarum. See X. Alanum. X. planum, X. palpebrarum, the com- moner form of Xanthoma, usually situated on the eyelids. X. tuberculatum, X. tuberosum, a rarer form of Xanthoma characterized by tubercular lesions upon the extensor surfaces of the extremities, and on parts exposed to pressure, as the elbows and knees, shoulders, buttocks, backs of fingers and toes, palms and soles. The lesions vary in size from a hemp-seed to a pea, are hard to the touch, deeply set in the skin, and project prominently from it. They may coalesce to form veritable tumors. The disease is a chronic one. Xanthomatosis (zan - tho-mat-o/-sis) [šavóóc, yellow; ôpia, tumor]. Xanthoma of so marked a type as to indicate a special diathesis. Xanthomatous (zam-tho'-mat-us) [šavóóg, yellow ; 5ua, tumor]. Of the nature of or affected with xan- thoma. Xanthomelanous (zan-tho-me/-an-us) [šav66ç, yellow; pléAaç, black]. The lighter of the Melanochroi, or races with black hair and yellow or olive skin, as dis- tinguished from the Melanous, those with black hair and black skin. Xanthopathy (2am-thop/-ath-e) [šavóóc, yellow; Táfoc, a suffering]. Yellowness of the skin from morbid conditions. Xanthophane (zam/-tho-ſan). See Chromophane. Xanthophyl, Xanthophyll (zam/-tho-ſil) [šavóóg, yel- low ; pºov, leaf). In biology, leaf-yellow, a special pigment isolated by Berzelius from autumn leaves. See Pigments, Conspectus of Xanthophyllin (zan-thoºft//-in). Same as Xanthophyl. 1623 XANTHOXYLUM Xanthopicrin (zam-tho-pié/-rin) [šav6óg, yellow ; Tuſc- póg, bitter]. A yellow coloring-matter derived from the bark of Xanthoxylum caribaeum. Same as Berberin. Xanthopous (zan'- tho-pus) [šavóóc, yellow ; Toíg, foot]. In biology, having a yellow stalk or support. Xanthoproteic (zan - tho-pro'-te - ié) [šavóóg, yellow ; protein]. Derived from or related to xanthoprotein. X. Reaction, the deep-orange color obtained by the addition of ammonia to the yellow reaction of proteids heated with strong nitric acid. Xanthoprotein (zan - tho-pro'-te - in) [šav?óg, yellow ; protein]. A yellow substance formed from proteids by the action of nitric acid. Xanthopsia (zam-thop/-se-ah) [šavóóc, yellow; biplc, vis- ion]. The yellow vision sometimes accompanying jaundice. - Xanthopsin (zam-thop/-sin). Same as Xanthophane. Xanthopsy (zam/-/hop-se). See Xanthopsia. Xanthopsydracia (zam-zhop-se-dra/-se-ah) [šavóóg, yel- low ; piðpaš, pustule]. The presence on the skin of small, yellow pustules. Xanthopuccin (zan-tho-puk/-sin) [šavóóc, yellow; puc- coon]. An alkaloid found in Hydrastis. Xanthopurpurin (zan-tho-pur/-pu-rin) [šavóóg, yellow ; purpurin]. A yellow coloring-matter derived from the Rubia tinctorum. Xanthorhamnin (zan-tho-ram/-min) [šavóóg, yellow ; Ääuvog, buckthorn]. A yellow coloring-matter con- tained in the ripe Persian or Turkish berries and in Avignon grains. See Aigments, Conspecſtas of Xanthorrhea (zan-thor-e'-ah) [šavóóg, yellow ; héetv, to flow]. I. An acrid, purulent discharge from the vagina. 2. A genus of tree-like liliaceous Australian plants, called black-boy and grass-tree. They afford an abundant resin. See Acaroid. Xanthorrhiza (zan-thor-i/-zah) [šav66g, yellow; biša, a root]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants. X. apii- folia, of the United States (yellow-root), is a good, bitter tonic. Unof. Xanthosis (zam-tho/-sis) [šavóóc, yellow]. The yellow pigmentation sometimes observed in carcinoma. X. of the Nasal Septum, a dirty-yellow appearance in the nasal mucous membrane due to hemorrhage and the subsequent disintegration of the blood. Xanthospermous (2am-zho-sfer/-mus) [šavbog, yellow; orépua, seed]. In biology, having yellow seeds. Xanthous (zam’-thus) [šavóóc, yellow]. Having a yel- low skin, or complexion. Xanthoxylene (zan-thoks/-iſ-àn) [šavóóc, yellow ; Śīāov, wood], CoHig. A colorless, volatile oil obtained from the fruit of Xanthoxylum alatum. Xanthoxylin (zan-thoks/-iſ-in) [šav6óg, yellow ; ;iſhov, wood]. I. A precipitate from a tincture of Xan- thoxylum fraxineum ; stimulant, styptic, tonic, siala- gogue. Dose I-2 grains. Unof. 2. A stearopten from the volatile oil of Xanthoxylum piperitum. Xanthoxylum (zam - thoks/- iſ - um) [šav66g, yellow; Šížov, wood : gen., A'anthoxy/ij. A genus of ruta- ceous trees and shrubs of many species, including the prickly ash (X, frarineum). In many, if not all the species, the root-bark is stimulant and tonic. X. alatum, of India, is anthelmintic and sudorific, X. cribrosum, of the U. S. and W. Indies, is strongly diuretic and stimulant. Its bark is locally used in a wide range of diseases. Dose of fl. ext., gut. x-xx. Unof. X., Decoctum, unof., 3 j-Oij. Dose 3 j—ij. X., Ext., Fld. Dose 3 ss—j. X. fraxineum, prickly ash, tooth-ache tree, angelica tree—a North American species of the Xanthoxylaceae which belong to the A’zataceae. The bark, the Xanthoxylum of the U. S. Ph., is chewed in odontalgia. It is a stimulant, aro- matic, bitter, sialagogue and emmenagogue, and is XANTHURIA of repute in chronic rheumatism and “biliousness.” Dose gr. X-xxx. X. naranjillo, of the Argentine Republic, is recommended as a substitute for jabo- randi. X. nitidum, of China, is febrifugal. X. Senegalense, of Africa, has similar properties, but appears to be poisonous. Xanthuria (zam-£hu/-re-a/). See Xanthimuria. Xarheb (zar/-heb). See Paraschistes. Xenarthral (zen-ar/-4/ºral) [šévog, strange; āpôpov, joint]. Strangely jointed. Xenembole (zen-em/-bo-le) [šévoſ, foreign; Épé0%, a hurling]. Same as Xementhesis. Xenenthesis (zen-en’-the-sis) [šévog, strange; £v, in; 6éotſ, a placing]. The introduction of a foreign body into the economy. Xenodochium (zen-o-do’-ke-um) [šévog, a stranger; 6éxeoffat, to receive]. A hospital; a public house. Xenogamy (2en-og/-am-e) [šévoc, a stranger; yaueiv, to marry]. A form of cross-fertilization in which fer- tilization is effected by pollen from another plant of the same species. Xenogenesis (zen-o-jen/-es-is) [šévog, stranger; yévêqug, birth]. In biology, Mr. Milne Edwards' term for the generation of something foreign, i. e., of offspring varying in their characters and life-cycle from the parents. Cf. Heterogenesis. Xenogenetic, Xenogenic (zen-o-jen-et/-ić, zen-o-jen/- ié) [šévog, strange; yewvāv, to produce]. Pertaining to Xenogenesis. Xenogeny (zen-oj/-en-e) [šévoc, strange; yewfic, bornj. Same as Xenogenesis. Xenomenia (zen-o- me/- me - ah). Vicarious. Xenonomia (zen-o-mo'-me-ah). Same as Heteronomy. Xenophthalmia (zen-off-tha//-me-ah) [šévoc, foreign; ôpda?plóg, eyel. Conjunctivitis due to injury. Xenopneumonypostasis (zen-op-nu-mon-ip-os/-fas-is) [šévog, foreign; Tveigov, lung ; itóataatſ, sub- sidence]. The settling of foreign bodies into the lower portions of the lungs. Xenosite (zen/-o-sit) [šévog, strange; Girog, food]. A parasite in an intermediate condition, organ, or host. Xeransis (2er-an/-sis) [&#pavog). The drying up or desiccation of a part or of a drug. Xerantic (zer-an/-tiſſ) [mpavrtkóg]. properties; drying. Xeraphion (zer-a/-ſe-on) [šmpóg, dry]. I. A medicine to be taken dry. 2. A medicine to check discharges. Xerasia (zer-a/-ze-a/) [šmpóg, dry]. A disease of the hair marked by cessation of growth and excessive dryness. - Xerocollyrium (zer-o-Kol-ir/-e-um) [šmpóg, dry; ko%- Žoiptov, collyrium]. Any dry collyrium; an eye- salve. Xeroderma (zer - o - der' - mah) [Émpóg, dry; dépua, skin]. Xerosis, a congenital dryness, harshness, and roughness of the skin, commonly appearing within the first two years of life, unaccompanied by subject- ive sensations, and exhibiting to the eye a fine, scaly desquamation and a characteristic, dull, grayish, yel- lowish, dirt-colored discoloration, chiefly involving the temples and the extremities. See Ichthyosis. X. ich- thyiodes. See /chthyosis. X. of Kaposi, a dif- fuse atrophy of the skin, idiopathic in origin. X. pigmentosum, Atrophoderma pigmentosum ; Angi- oma pigmentosum atrophicum, Melanosis lenticularis progressiva, Kaposi's Disease; a very rare skin-dis- ease, beginning generally in summer and occurring during the second or third year of life. It is char- acterized by minute, measly, erythematous blotches upon parts exposed to the sun, which soon disappear, leaving pigment-spots like ordinary freckles, which See Menstruation, Having desiccative 1624 XIPHISTERNAL persist even during winter. A spontaneous atrophy of the skin then occurs, resulting in the formation of non-pigmented, glistening scar-tissue, and finally in this tissue malignant, epitheliomatous growths form. Death generally results about puberty. Xerodermia (zer-o-der/-me-ah) [&mpóg, dry; 6épua, skin]. A dryness of the skin. See, also, Xeroderma and Ichthyosis. Xerodes (zer-o’-dez) [šépôönc, dryish]. A tumor that is dry and hard. Xeroma (zer-o/-mah). See Xerophthalmia. Xeromycteria (zer-o-mik-te/-re-ah) [šmpóg, dry; uvkthp, the nose]. Lack of moisture in the nasal passages. Xeromyrum (zer-om/-ir-um) [šmpóg, dry; pſipov, ointment : gen., Xeromyri J. A hard, stiff oint- Iment. Xeronosos (zer-on/-o-sus) [#mpóc, dry; vódog, disease]. A condition of dryness of the skin. Xerophagy (zer-off’-aſ-e) [šmpóg, dry; payeiv, to eat]. The use of dry or desiccated aliment. Xerophilous (zer-off’-il-us) [#mpóg, dry; theiv, to love]. In biology, a term applied to plants which, like the cactuses, are adapted to dry-regions. Xerophthalmia (zer-off-tha/- me - ah) [#mpóg, dry; ôp6ažuóg, eye]. A dry and thickened condition of the conjunctiva, sometimes following chronic conjunc- tivitis or disease of the lacrymal apparatus. Xerophthalmos (zer-off-tha/-mos). See Xerophthal. %22&. Xeroplasta (zer-o-plas/-tah) [šmpóg, dry; Tāāogetv, to mold]. A group of diseased states, attended with de- fective secretion; it includes sterility, anuria, atrophy, marasmus, etc. - Xerosis (zer-o/-sis) [%poolç, a dry state]. A dry con- dition. See Xeroderma. X. of the Conjunctiva. See Xerophthalmia. See Bacillus of Xerosis epithe- /ialis conjunctiva, in Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Xerostoma (zer-osſ-to-mah) [šmpóg, dry; otóua, mouth]. Aptyalism, or dry mouth. Xerostomia (zer-o-sto/- me - ah) [šmpóg, dry; orópia, mouth]. Dry Mouth. A rare condition of the mouth, in which the tongue is red, cracked, and dry ; the buccal surfaces of the cheeks and the hard and the soft palate are also dry, and the mucous membrane becomes pale, smooth, and glistening. Speech is difficult, as is also swallowing. There appears to be no pathologic condition of the salivary glands. The disease occurs in women only, and usually after middle life. Xerotes (zer-o/-tez) [#mpóTmc). Dryness; dry habit of body. Xerotic (zer-of/-ä) [Émpóg, dry]. xerosis; dry. Xerotribia, Xerotripsis (2er-o-trib/-e-ah, zer-o-trip/-sis) [#mpóg, dry; Tpíðelv, to rub]. Dry friction ; a dry rubbing. Xiphicostal (zif ik-osſ-tal) [Éſpoc, sword; costa, rib]. Pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage and to the ribs. X. Ligament, a ligament extending from the xiphoid cartilage to the cartilage of the eighth rib. - Xiphihumeralis (2if-e-hu-mer-a/-lis) [šípoc, sword; Aumerus, humerus]. A muscle which in some ani- mals passes from the xiphoid cartilage to the proximal end of the humerus. Xiphiplastral (2if-ip-las/-tral)[3ſpoc, sword; plastron]. Pertaining to the xiphiplastron. Xiphiplastron (ziſ-ip-lasſ-tron) [šípog, a sword; plas- tron, a breast-plate; pl., Xiphiplastra]. One of the paired posterior bony scutes of the plastron or breast- plate of a tortoise or turtle. Also called Xiphister- %22/7/2. Xiphisternal (ziſ-is-tur/-mal) [šipog, sword; orépyov, breast-bone]. Pertaining to the xiphisternum. Characterized by xIPHISTERNUM Xiphisternum (zif-is-tur’-num) [šípoc, sword; orépyov, breast-bone : pl., Xiphisterna]. the most posterior of the sternal elements; the meta- sternum or ensiform cartilage. See Xiphoid and Æn- sisternum. (5) See Xiphiplastron. - Xiphodes (zifo/-dez) [šípog, sword; eiðog, like]. Hav- ing the shape of a sword. - Xiphodymus (ziſłod/-im-us) [šépoc, sword; 6tóvuog, double]. A sysomic monstrosity with united pelvic and thoracic cavities, two legs, and with an occasional rudimentary third leg. . Xiphoid (zif/-oid) [šípog, sword; eiðoc, like]. Ensi- form ; sword-shaped. X. Appendix, or Process, the third piece, or ensiform process, of the sternum; xiph- isternum. It is cartilaginous in youth and osseous in mature age. Xiphoidian (ziftoid '-e-an) [šípoc, sword; eldog, like]. Belonging or pertaining to the ensiform cartilage. Xiphopagus (zāf-op/-ag - us) [šéºog, Sword; Tāyog, fixed]. A monomphalic monstrosity united by the xiphoid cartilages or the epigastrium. The Siamese twins furnished an example. Xiphophyllous (zif off’-il-us) [šijog, sword; $0%Wov, leaf J. In biology, having sword-shaped leaves. X-Rays, or Röntgen Rays (rent/-jen). The peculiar rays or ether-waves discovered by Professor Röntgen, of Würzburg. A vacuum-tube (called a Geissler, Hit- torf, or Crooke tube) is used with two wires sealed through the glass, these being connected with the two poles of a battery. The rays from the cathode have a penetrating power through matter opaque to other ether-rays, and by their use photographs (skiagraphs, shadowgrams, etc.) may be taken of bones, metallic substances, etc., situated in the tissues, thus proving of great service in the diagnosis of fractures of bones, the location of foreign bodies, etc. Xylem (zi/-lem) [šížov, wood]. In biology, that por- tion of the fibro-vascular bundle which contains ducts or tracheids. Xylic (2.7-lić) [šížov, wood]. Pertaining to or derived from wood. X. Acid. See Acid. Xylidic Acid (zi-ſidZ-ić). See Acid. Xylidin (zi/-id-in) [šížov, wood], CsPIs. NH2. A me- thylated homologue of anilin, obtained from dime- thylanilin. It serves for the preparation of red azo- dyestuffs. See Pigments, Conspectus of Xylo- (zi/-lo-) [šížov, wood]. A prefix to denote con- nection with or relation to wood, Xylobalsamum (zi-lo - bal/-sam - um) [šížov, wood; 6áàgauov, balsam]. The dried twigs of Commiphora 1625 In biology: (a) YAWNING opobalsamum, the balm of Gilead of Asia; also, a balsam extracted from the same. Unof. Xylocarp (zi/-/o-karð) [šížov, wood; Kapíróg, fruit]. In biology, a hard, woody fruit. Xylocarpous (zi-lo-kar/-pus) [šížov, wood; kaptóg, fruit]. Having woody or hard fruit. Xylogene (zi/-lo-jen) [šížov, wood; yevváv, to produce]. A woody substance found in vegetable cell-walls. Xyloid (zi/-loid) [šížov, wood; eiðog, resemblance]. Resembling or having the nature of wood ; ligneous. Xyloidin (zi-loi/-din) [šū%ov, wood ; eiðoç, form], Cº- H, NO. A white, inflammable, pulverulent sub- stance described by Braconnet (1833) and obtained by the action of concentrated nitric acid upon starch or various forms of woody fiber. Also called X3/idin. Xylol (zi/-lo!) [šížov, wood; oleum, oil], CsPilo. Dimethyl benzene. A volatile hydrocarbon some- what resembling benzol. It has proved serviceable in smallpox. Dose miij—x. X.-balsam, Canada bal- sam dissolved in xylol. For its uses in microscopy, see Mounting-media. Xyloma (zi - lo/- mah) [šížov, wood; pl., Xylomata]. In biology, a sclerotoid, spore-producing body of certain fungi (Polystigma and Ascomycetes). Xylon (zi /-/on) [šížov, wood]. I. Wood. 2. The cotton plant. 3. A substance identical with wood- cellulose. Xylonite (zi/-/on-it). Same as Zylonite. See Celluloid. Xylophagous (zi-loff'-ag-us) [šū?ov, wood; payeiv, to eat]. Wood-eating. Xyloquinone (zi-lo-Awin/-àn) [šížov, wood; quinone], CsPI,(CH3)2O2. A yellow, crystalline substance oc- curring in three isomeric forms. Xylose (zi /-/02) [šížov, wood], C. HoOs. One of the glucoses, alloisomeric with arabinose. It is obtained by boiling wood-gum (beechwood, jute, etc.) with dilute acids. See Carbohydrates, Table of Xylostein (zi-los/-te-in) [šížov, wood; oaréov, bone]. An indifferent, bitter substance obtained from the ber- ries of Lonicera xylosteum by Hübschmann. Xylotherapy (27-ſo-ther/-ap-e) [šížov, wood ; 6epaireia, therapy]. Medical treatment by the application of certain woods. - Xylotomous (zi-lot /-o-mus) [šížov, wood; Téuvetv, to cut]. Wood-cutting, as an insect. Xysma (ziz/-mah) [šiopia, scrapings: pl., Xysmata). The fragmentary and flocculent pseudomembrane seen in the stools in some cases of diarrhea. Xyster (zis/-ter) [švothp, a rasp). A surgeon's rasp, or scraping instrument, Y, the chemic symbol of Vetrium. Y-Ligament, the ilio-femoral ligament. See Ligament. Yabin (yab/-īn). An amorphous, bitter alkaloid ob- tained from the bark of Andira excelsa, Yam. The esculent root of several species of Dioscorea ; also, incorrectly, a coarse variety of the Sweet potato. Wild Yam. See Dioscorea. Yang-tasi (yang-ta/-se) [Chinese]. A gelatinous sub- stance employed in China and Japan in cookery. It is obtained $om the alga Laurencia papillosa (Tansh- 2002 ), vº (yowrd) [Turk.]. An oriental, fermented drink prepared from milk. See ſoumiss, Kephyr, Zeban, Matzoon, Galactozyme. Yapon (yaw/-pon). See Yaupon. Yard [ME., verd, yard]. Membrum virile; penis. Y.-sitting, in massage, sitting with the arms stretched out laterally and horizontally. Y.-walk, in physical culture, a mode of progression with the arms extended laterally. Yarrow (yar/-o). See Achil/ea. Yaupon (yaw/-pon) [Am. Ind.]. The Ilex vomitoria, a shrub or tree of the Southern U. S. Its leaves are pur- gative and emetic ; called also cassena. Unof. Y.- tree. See Cassena. Yava-skin (yav/-ah-skin). Same as Elephantiasis. Yaw. [African, yaw, a raspberry..] A frambesia sore. Y.-weed. A West Indian shrub, Morinda royoc, used as a remedy for yaws. Yawey (yaw’-e) [African, yaw, a raspberry]. Pertaining to or affected with yaws. Yawn [ME., zanon, to yawn]. mouth wide. Yawning (yaw/-ning). To gape, to open the See Oscitation, Pandiculation. YAWS Yaws (yawz). See Frambesia. Y., Ringworm, a variety of yaws in which the nodules form rings around the eyes, nose, mouth, or anus. Yeast (yest) [ME., zeest, yeast]. The name applied to any of the various species of fungi of the genus Sac- charomyces. It is best known as a ferment thriving in Saccharine solutions, breaking up the sugar molecule into carbon dioxid and alcohol. In domestic economy, it is used in leavening bread, the porosity of the latter being due to the escaping carbon dioxid. It is also the essential principle in alcoholic fermentation. In medicine, it has proved of value as an application to foul ulcers and as an internal remedy in putrid fevers. “Of great theoretical interest are some recent re- searches of Hensen's which open out great possibilities in the future. In these investigations he has found that it is possible to produce artificial varieties of yeast, the acquired properties being transmitted from one generation to another, apparently indefinitely; it is obvious that we have here the beginning, on a micro- scopic scale, of practices which have long been carried out on the higher plants in floriculture.” (Frankland.) Y., Beer, the ferment used in brewing beer. It is a more or less pure culture of the saccharomyces cerevi- sivae. Y., Bottom, yeast found at the bottom of a chilled fermentation. Y.-cakes, cakes made of yeast which has been washed, dried, and pressed. Y., German, a mixture of beer-yeast and dry starch, used for baking purposes. Y.-plant, the saccharomyces. Y.-poultice, a fermenting poultice containing yeast. Y., Top, the yeast found on the surface of fermenting liquids. Yelk (yelk) [a variety of yo/4]. See Yolk. Yellow (yel/-o) [ME., yelow, yellow]. A compound color of the spectrum. Y. Atrophy of the Liver, malignant jaundice; acute yellow atrophy of the liver. See under Zcterus. Y. Body, the Corpus luteum, q. v. Y. Carmin. See Pigments, Conspectus of Y. Cartilage. See Cartilage, Reticular. Y. Cells, peculiar cells in the Actinea, which give the spectrum of Chlorofucin. Cf. Chlorophore, Chloroplast. Y.- crowned, having the top of the head yellow. Y. Disease, hemorrhagic malarial fever. Y. Dock. See Rumex. Y. Fever. See Fever. Y. Jack, a popular name for Yellow Fever, 7. v. Y. Jasmine. See Gel- semium. Y.-root. See Xanthorrhiza. Y.-shafted, having the shafts of certain feathers yellow. Y.- shouldered, having the bend of the wing yellow. Y. Spot. See Macula lutea. Y. Spot of Soemmer- ing. See Sommering. Y.-vented, having the vent- feathers yellow. Y. Wash, a lotion consisting of hydrarg. oxychlorid gr. iſ, liquor calcis 3.j. Yellows (ye/-02). See /aundice. Yerba (yer/-bah) [Sp.]. An herb. Y. buena. See Micromleria. Y. mansa, the root of Amenopsis cali- fornica, stimulant, astringent, and tonic. It is employed in California and Arizona for malarial disorders. Dose of the flö. ext, muxv-3.j. Unof. Y. reuma, the herb, Frankemia grandifolia, common in California. It is astringent and is recommended in catarrhal affec- tions of the urinary tract. Dose of the fla. ext. mux-xx. Unof. See Frankenia. Y. Sagrada. See Mantana brasiliensis. Y. Santa. See Eriodictyone. 1626 YZQUIERDO’S BACILLUS Yerbin (yer/-bin) [Sp., yerba, herb]. Caffein obtained from Ilex paraguaiensis. Yew (u). See Taxus. * Ylang-Ylang (e/-lang-e'-lang) [E. Ind.]. A tree of the E. Indian islands, Camanga odorata. Its flowers afford a fragrant oil. Yok [Eng. colloq.]. The grease obtained from wool. Yoke-bone. The malar bone. Yolk [also yelk; AS., geolca, yolk, the yellow part]. Popularly applied to the yellow portion of the hen’s egg as distinguished from the white. In biology, the term yolk has no exact meaning, being sometimes used to designate the Deutoplasm, 7.7., alone, while at other times the entire ovum proper is indicated. See under Ovum. See also Ve/4 and Vitellum. Y., Accessory, Food, Nutritive, Subordinate, or Supplemental. See AVutritive Vitellus. Y.-cleavage, segmentation of the vitellus. Y.-duct, the vitelline duct. See under Duct. Y.-food. See Deutoplasm. Cf. Ovum. Y., Formative, the active, living portion of the protoplasm of an ovum, with the nucleus it encloses; a whitish disc situated at the animal pole of an ovum, and which undergoes segmentation and enters directly into the formation of the embryo. Cf. Germinal Disc, Cicatricula, Discus proligerus. Also called the Tread, AWarðe, Æahzentritt. Y.-grains, granules of nutritive substance (deutoplasm) directly produced by the egg-cell itself. Y.-sac, the larger of the two globes formed by the blastodermic membrane in the early development of the embryo. . Y.-seg- mentation. Same as Y-cleavage. Y.-skin, the vitelline membrane. Y., Yellow, the yellow mass centrally located. Y., White, the albuminous white of the egg. Y. of Wool. See Suint. Young (yung) [ME., yong, young]. Being in the first or early stage of life. Not long born. Young's Rule. A rule of dosage. Add I2 to the age and divide the result by the age, to get the denominator of the fraction, the numerator of which 1S I. Young-Helmholtz Theory. See Color-sensation. Youngling (yung/-ling) [ME., yongling]. A young person. Youpon (yu/-pon). See Yaupon. Youth (iith) [ME., youthe, youth]. The period between childhood and manhood. Ypsiliform (ip-siſ/-īf-orm) [inpthóv, upsilon; forma, form]. Shaped like the Greek letter Y, upsilon. Hyp- siliform. Y. Figure, a peculiar figure seen in the de- velopment of certain eggs, as that of Ascaris megalo- cephala. Ytterbium (it-tur’-be-um) [Peterby, in Sweden]. A metal, not yet isolated, having the symbol Yb and an atomic weight of I73.oſ. See Elements, Table of Yttrium (it/-re-um) [Peterby, in Sweden]. . Symbol Y, at, wt. 89. A rare metallic element of the cerium group. See Elements, Table of Yucca (yuk/-ah) [A. Ind.]. A genus of liliaceous plants. Y. filamentosa, Adam's needle, of the Southern U. S., is diuretic. Its tincture is employed in urethritis. Unof. - Yupon (yu/-pon).. See Yaupon. Yzquierdo's Bacillus. See Vºrruga peruana. ZALAMBDODONT Zalambdodont (2a-lam/-do-dont) [a, intensive; Aéu- 3óa, the letter W.; 6doúc, tooth]. In biology, having short molar teeth with one V-shaped ridge. Zalefski's Method. For ascertaining the presence of iron compounds in the liver or other tissues. The tissues are treated in bulk instead of in separate sec- tions. The methods are as follows: (a) Ammonium- sulphid Method. (I) The pieces of tissue are left in 65 per cent. alcohol for twenty-four hours. (2) They are then hardened for twenty-four hours in 96 per cent. alcohol, to which a few drops of strong, yellow am- monium sulphid have been added. They must be shaken up from time to time. (3) They are next hardened in absolute alcohol, to which several drops of ammonium sulphid are added. (4) They may then be cut. The alcohol should completely fill the bottle; corks must not be used, because they give an iron reaction with ammonium sulphid. (b) Potas- sium-ferrocyanid Method. (I) The pieces are left in 65 per cent. alcohol for twenty-four hours. (2) They are then placed for two or three days in a I per cent. solution of potassium ferrocyanid in 96 per cent. alco- hol. (3) They are then kept in a I per cent. solution of potassium ferrocyanid in 65 per cent. alcohol. (4) They are now placed in I or 2 per cent. acid alcohol (alcohol, 96 per cent.) for two or three days. (5) The sections may then be cut and may afterward be stained in carmin. Treatment with 65 per cent, alcohol (as in 3) is employed to aid the penetration of the acid used subsequently. For ferrous compounds potassium ferrocyanid may be similarly used. Zamia (za/- me - ah) [L.]. A genus of cycadaceous plants. Z. integrifolia, of Florida, and some West Indian species, afford a kind of sago, known incor- rectly as arrowroot. Zanaloin (za-na/-o-in) [Zanzibar; aſhom, aloes]. aloin derived from Zanzibar aloes. Zante Currants (zan/-te-kur/-ants). The See Uva passac mezzores. Zaraath (za/-ra-ath) [Heb.]. The Hebrew term for A.eprosy. Zarathan (zar-ath/-an). Scirrhous hardening of the breast. Zea (ze/-ah) [šéa, a sort of grain]. A genus of grasses. Z. mays, Maize, Indian Corn. The stigmata of maize or “corn silk” (Stigmata maydis) have an ac- tive principle thought to be an organic (maizenic) acid. It is a mild diuretic, used with success in incontinence of urine and rheumatism. Dose of the fla. ext, 3.j- ij. All unof. Zedoary (zed'-o-a-re). An East Indian drug or spice, the rhizome of Curcuma zealoaria and C. aromatica. It resembles ginger, but is less agreeable, and is not much used in medicine. Unof. Zein (ze/-īn) [ća, maize]. A yellowish, soft, insipid proteid obtained from maize. Zeismus (ze-iz/-mus) [ša, a sort of grain]. caused by a diet of maize. Zeiss’s Glands. See Glazzº. Zeissian Sty. See Hordeo/um. Zelotypia (zel-o- tip/-e- a) [ {7}oc, zeal; Tüttetv, to strike]. Morbid or monomaniacal zeal in any pursuit. Zelotypic (gel-o-tip/-īk) [īāog, zeal; Tüttetv, to strike]. Characterized by or pertaining to zelotypia. Zenker's Degeneration. A peculiar form of degene- ration of the muscular fibers of the body, by which they are rendered extremely brittle, so that they readily give way if the muscle be forcibly contracted. This Pellagra 1627 ZINC degeneration is liable to occur in cases of continued or high fever, and is not uncommon in typhoid fever. See Degeneration, and Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Zenkerism (zen/-Aer-izm) [after Zenker, an anatomist]. The condition of Zenker’s degeneration. Zeorine (ze/-o-rin) [2eora, a genus of lichens]. In biology, denoting, in lichens, an apothecium in which a proper exciple is inclosed in the thalline exciple. Zeoscope (ze/-o-sköp) [šéetv, to boil; okoteiv, to view]. An apparatus for determining the alcoholic strength of a liquid by means of its boiling-point. Zero (ze/-ro) [origin obscure]. Any character denoting absence of quantity. In physics, the point from which thermometers are graduated. Z., Natural, the temperature to which the earth would fall were the heat of the sun withdrawn entirely. Zerumbet (ze-rum/-bet) [E. Ind.]. An E. Indian drug or spice, by some asserted to be the same as cassi- muniar; probably the rhizome of Zingiber 2erumber. It resembles ginger; little used. Unof. Zest [OF., zeste, one of the partitions which divide the kernel of a walnut]. The expressed oil of the peel of the Orange or lemon. Zestocausis (zes-to-Aaw/-zis) [geoTóc, boiling ; kaiety, to burn]. Cauterization with instruments heated by Steam. Zestolusia (zes-to-lu/-ze-ah) [eoTóg, boiling hot; Žoiety, to wash]. Washing with boiling or nearly boiling water. Zeugite (zu/~git). See Zygite. Zibet (zib/-et) [zibethum ; gen., Zibethi J. A variety of civet produced by Vizierra zibetha, an animal of S. E. Asia. It was formerly used as a substitute for musk. Zimb (zim) [Ar., zimb, a fly]. See Glossina morsitans and Pangonia, under Parasites (Animal), Table of Zimmermann, Elementary Particles, or Corpuscles of. Minute, colorless, highly refractive particles en- countered floating in the liquor sanguinis; blood- plates. Cf. Granules of Max Schultze. Zimocca Sponge (zi-mok'-ah). A sponge of fine grade, Euspongia zinlocca. Zinalin (zin/-a/-īn), CooHign,0s. A yellow coloring- matter obtained from anilin by the action of nitrous acid. Zinc, Zincum (zingá, zing?'-um) [L. : gen., Zinci J. Zn = 64.9; quantivalence II. A metallic element with a lead-like luster. It is represented in medicine by sev- eral of its salts, all of which are more or less poisonous. In small doses it is tonic and astringent; in larger quan- tities, a strong emetic. It is used mainly in the form of lotions in conjunctivitis, in various catarrhs, and certain skin-diseases. See Elements, Table of Z., acetas, Zn (C.H.O.)2.3H2O. Dose, internally, gr. Vá-ij; as lotion, gr. iſ to 3.j of water. Z., Aérated. See Zinc Carbon- ate. Z. bromidum, ZnHr, zinc bromid. Dose gr. 34 to ij. Z., Butter of. See Z. Chlorid. Z. carbonas prae- cipitat., (ZnCO.).3Zn(HO), dusted over wounds as a protection. Z. Carbonate. See Pigments, Con- spectus of Z. chloridum, ZnCl2, tonic and escha- rotic. Dose, internally, gtt. iv.-viij of a 3 SS to 3 iij solution in spt, aetheris; as a collyrium, gr. j-ij to 3j of water. Z. Chloridum, Liq., 9% to I per cent. in strength. Z.-colic. See Coſic, 2., |Flowers of. See Z. Oxid'. Z.-green. See Ag- ments, Conspectus of Z. iodidum, ZnT3, Dose gr. ss—ij. Z. lactas, Zn,C,E,Os. Used in epilepsy. Dose gr. ij-x. Z. oleat., Ung. (B.P.), oleate of zinc and soft paraffin. Z. oxidum, ZnO. , Dose gr. j—x. Z. oxidum, Ung., 20 per cent. in ben- zoinated lard. Z. oxychloridum, a dental filling- ZINCIBER 16: material composed of powdered oxid of zinc, and fluid chlorid of zinc. Z. Oxyphosphate, a dental filling-material which is a basic compound of zinc with phosphoric acid, and is made by adding a syrupy solution of glacial phosphoric acid to calcined oxid of zinc. Z. Phosphate, this dental filling- material consists of a powder—the calcined and pul- verized oxid of zinc, and a fluid or crystals—glacial phosphoric acid. Z. Phosphid, Zn, Ph,. A nerve- stimulant in spinal irritation. Dose gr. ſs – #. Z., Sea-salt of. See Z. Chlorid. Z.-spar. See Calamin. Z. Sulphas, ZnSO4.7H,O. Dose, as tonic and astringent, gr. To-ij; as emetic, gr. x-xxx. Z. Sulphid, Hydrated, a white preparation of zinc useful in chronic eczema, psoriasis, and other diseases when the skin needs stimulation. It is used externally in ointments; internally, in pills, each containing six grains of the Sulphid. Z. Sulphocar- bolas, Zn(C5H5SOA), H2O2, an intestinal antiseptic. Dose gr. x–xv. Z. -valerianas, Zn(C5H8O3)2.2H2O, useful in neurasthenic conditions. Dose, gr. To-ij. See, also, Allen’s Test. Z.-white, commercial oxid of zinc. Z.-yellow, basic zinc chromate. See Pig- ments, Conspectats of Zinciber (zin/-sib-er). Same as Zingiber. Zincic (zing/-i}) [zincum, zinc). Containing or per- taining to zinc. Zincolith (zing//-o-lith). See Pigments, Conspectus of Zingiber (zin/-jib-er) [Štyyiğepug, ginger]. Ginger. The rhizome of Z. officinale. Its properties are due to an oleo-resin. It is a stimulant and carminative, and is excellent to relieve flatulence, to correct the griping of purgatives, and as a flavoring adjuvant. Z., Fld. Ext. Dose mux– 3 SS. Z., Oleoresina, extracted by ether. Dose mu%—ij. Z., Syr., 2 per cent. of the flá. ext. in syrup. Dose 3 ss—ij. Z., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose mux–3 ii. Z., Tinct., Fortior (B.P.) Dose my—xx. Z., Troch., each contains gr. ij of the tinct., with tragacanth, Sugar, etc. Zinn, Ligament of. See Zºgament. Z.'s Corona, an arterial plexus about the optic nerve, in the sclerotic. Z.'s Membrane. See Zonule of Zinn. Z., Zone or Zonule of. See Zonzele. Zirconium ( zir-Ao'- me - um. ) [Pers., zazgān, gold- colored]. A chemic element (symbol Zr.; at. wt., 89.6), resembling titanium and silicon, and soluble in aqua regia and in hydrofluoric acid. It is obtained from a mineral called zircon. See Elements, Table of Zittman's Decoction. A drink for old, obstinate cases of syphilis. It is constituted as follows: B. Sarsapar- illa, cut, 12% ounces; water 325 Troy ounces. Digest for 24 hours, and add alum and sugar each 6 drams, enclosed in a linen rag. Heat in a steam bath in a covered vessel for 3 hours, adding, toward the close, anise and fennel each 4 drams, Senna 3 ounces, liquorice-root I } ounces. Express, strain, and after several hours decant. It should weigh 312 Troy ounces. Put aside as a strong decoction. A weaker decoction is made from the dregs. Zizyphus (ziz/- if- us) [{{{v}og, the jujube-tree]. A genus of rhamnaceous plants. See /ujube. Zoadula (zo-ad/-u-/a/.) [off, life; ?/., Zoadula). In biology, one of the locomotive spores of certain Algae (Conſerva). See Zoêspore. Zoamylin (zo-a/-iſ-in). See Glycogen. Zoanthodeme (zo-an/-//o-dem) [Öov, animal; &v6og, a flower; 6&pa, a bundle]. In biology, the compound or- ganism produced by the budding of an actinozoan polyp. Zoanthodemic (zo-an-ho-dem/-ī4) [ćov, animal; avdog, a flower; 6%ua, a bundle]. Pertaining to a zoantho- deme. S ZONA Zoanthropic (zo-an-throp'-ić) [ºov, animal; āv6potoc, man]. Of the nature of, or relating to zoanthropy. Zoanthropy (zo-an/-thro-pe) [šov, animal; āv6poſtog, a man]. A form of monomania in which the person affected imagines himself transformed into an animal, or inhabited by, or subject to the obsession of some animal. Zoarial (zo-a/-re-al) [Öáptov, dim. of Çov, animal]. Pertaining to a zoarium. - Zoarium (zo-a/-re-um) [šjáptov, dim. of Øov, an ani- mal : pl. Zoaria]. In biology, the composite struc- ture formed by repeated gemmation in the Polyzoa. Zodiophilous (zo-de-off’-il-us) [šétov, dim. of Öov, animal ; pl?civ, love]. In biology, applied to plants which are frequented by animals and pollinated by their agency. Cf. Anemophilous, Hydrop/hi/ous, An- thophilous. Zoea, Zooea (20-e'-ah) [šov, animal : pl., Zoeae, zoode]. In biology, the developmental stage in which the larvae of most of the ZXecapoda leave the egg. It is characterized by the presence of a large cephalotho- racic shield, caudal segments well developed but with- out appendages, tail forked, six posterior thoracic seg- ments rudimentary or non-existent, and seven anterior pairs of appendages. Cf. A/auplius, Megalops. Zoeal (zo-e'-al) [Öov, animal]. Pertaining to a zoea. Zoecial (zo-e/- she -a/) [Öov, animal; oikia, house]. Pertaining to a zoecium. Zoecium, Zooecium (zo-e'-se-um) [Öov, animal; oikia, house ; pl., Zoecial. In biology, the chamber in which the polyp is lodged in Polyzoa, the Cystid of Nitsche and the Brutkapse! of Reichert. Zoeform (zo’-e-form) [Öov, animal; forma, form]. Having the form of a zoea. Zoether (zo-e'-ther) [off, life; althp, upper air]. Same as Proty/. Zoetic (zo-et/-ä) [off, life]... Vital. Zoetrope (zo’-e-tróp) [off, life; Tpéretv, to turn]. An instrument that by the revolution of a series of pic- tures before the eye gives the appearance of a person or animal in motion, the pictures successively repre- senting single phases of a compound act. Called, also, a phanakistoscope. Zoiatria (zó-e-a/-tre-ah) [Öov, animal; tatpeta, medical treatment]. The art and science of veterinary surgery. Zoiatrics (zo-i-a/-riks). , See Zoiatria. Zoic (zo/-ić) [Kotkóg, of animals]. . In biology, of or pertaining to living organisms; relating especially to animal life. - Zoidin (20/-id-in). See Glairin. Zoism (zo/-īzm) [off, life]. The doctrine or theory that life is the manifestation of the operations of a peculiar vital principle; the doctrine of vital force. Zoistic (20-is/-tić) [off, life]. Pertaining to animal life; vitalistic. Zöllner's Lines. A device to illustrate false estimates of direction or paral- r lelism by intersecting lines crossing parallel lines at a certain angle. Zona (zo/- nah) [gen. and pſ., Zonde]. I. A zone; a belt or girdle. A name given to cer- tain spaces traversing the cortical envelop of the kidney, as Z. glo- merosa, Z. fasciculata, Z. 7te/icularis, etc. 2. He rpes zoster. Z. alba, the white zone of the eyeball. Z. arcuata, the inner zone of the basilar ZöLLNER's LINEs. ZONAESTHESIA membrane extending from the lower edge of the spiral groove of the cochlea to the external edge of the base of the outer rods of Corti. Z. cartilaginea, the limbus of the spiral lamina. Z. choriacea. Same as Z. cartilagi-* nea. Z. ciliaris, the ciliary zone, or ciliary processes col- lectively; the zone of Zinn, or the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens; a radially plicated modified anterior continuation of the hyaloid membrane of the vitreous body (Piersol). Z. denticulata, the inner zone of the basilar membrane, together with the limbus of the spiral lamina. Z. fasciculata, the central portion of the cortex of the suprarenal capsule, com- posed of tube-like transverse bands. Z. ganglionaris, a collection of gray matter on the filaments of the cochlear branch of the auditory nerve. Z. glomer- ulosa, a zone of the cortical portion of the supra- renal capsule, which has a net-like appearance on section, situated near the surface of the organ. Z. ignea. Synonym of Herpes zoster. Z. incerta. See Regio subthalamica. Z. laevis. Same as Z. arcuata. Z. mediana. Same as Z. cartilaginea. Z. nervea. Same as Z, arcuata. Z. orbicularis, a thickening of the capsular ligament around the acetabulum. Z. pectinata, the outer zone of the basilar membrane, extending from the rods of Corti to the spiral ligament. Z. pellucida, the thick, solid, elastic envelop of the ovum, corresponding to the cell-wall of a cell. It is also called the vitelline membrane. It contains the zitellus or yolk, corresponding to the cell-contents of the cell; the Germinal Vesicle (corresponding to the nucleus of the cell), which last contains the Germinal Spot, corresponding to the cell-nucleolus. Z. per- forata, the lower edge of the spiral groove of the cochlea. Z. perforata of the Cochlea, the inner and perforated division of the lamina spiralis membranacea. Z. radiata, the zona pellucida when the radiating pore-canals are very distinct. Z. repens. Same as Aſerpes zoster. Z., reticularis: I. The portion of the cortex of the suprarenal capsule next to the medullary portion. Here the spaces formed by the transverse bands are of small extent. 2. The inner layer of the cortical portion of the suprarenal body. Z. serpiginosa. Synonym of Herpes zoster. Z. spongiosa, the extreme dorsal tip of the posterior horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord. Z. tecta, the inner part of the lamina spiralis membranacea covered by the organ of Corti. Z. tendinosa, a fibrous ring situated at each auriculo-ventricular opening in the heart. Z. valsalvae, the membranous spiral lamina of the cochlea. Z. vasculosa, the medullary substance of the Graafian vesicles. Z. volatica. Same as Herpes zoster. Zonaesthesia (2012-es-the’-ze-ah). Zonal (20/-nal) [zona, zone]. Pertaining to a zone, or to the disease called zona. In biology, of or pertain- ing to the subdivisions of an articulate or annulose ani- mal. - Zonary (20/-mar-e) [20ma, zone]. Characterized by or pertaining to a zone. Z. Fauna, Haeckel's name for the intermediate pelagic fauna discovered by Murray to inhabit the zones of different depths of the ocean be- tween the surface and the deep-sea bottom. Z. Pla- centa. See Alacemaſa. Zonate (zó/-nāt) [201za, a zone]. In biology, girdled or ringed; marked with concentric bands. Zone (zón) [20ma, a band]. See Zona, Z., An- electrotonic. See Z., Polar. Z., Cervical, the lowest fourth of the internal surface of the uterus. Z., Ciliary. See Zomula ciliaris, Z., Epileptic, a tract of the integument irritation of which may give rise to an epileptic attack. Z. of Haller. Same as Z. of Zinn. Z., Hepatic. See Hepatic. Z., Hyperesthetic, a See Zonesthesia. 1629 ZOO-CURRENTS zone of the integument characterized by exalted sensi- - - - & 4. bility. Z., Hysteroepileptogenous, Z., Hystero- genic, hyperesthetic areas in hysteric persons, where pressure on the one hand calls forth well-marked phe- nomena of hysteria, such as convulsions, or catalepsy, or on the other hand checks an attack that is in progress. The ovarian region and areas near the mamma are hysterogenic zones. Z., Internal, of the Lenticular Nucleus, a zone connected by transverse white fibers with the internal capsule. Z., Katelectrotonic. See Z., Peripolar. Z., Lissauer’s. Same as Zissauer’s Tract. Z., Ophthalmic. See Herpes. Z., Peripolar, a term proposed for the zone or region surrounding the polar zone on the body of a patient undergoing electro- therapeutic treatment. Z., Placental, that portion of the uterus to which the placenta is attached. Z., Polar, a term proposed for the zone or region surrounding the therapeutic electrode applied to the human body for electric treatment. Zonesthesia (zo-mes-the-ze-ah) [Óvm, a belt; ātoāmatc, sensation]. Perverted feeling in which there is a sense as of a cincture, or halter, or constriction about a part; also called Strangalesthesia and gird/e-sensa- tion. Zonociliate (zo-no-siſ/-e-āt) [zona, zone; cilium, eye- lid]. In biology, characterized by a circlet or zone of cilia. Zonolimnetic (20-mo-lim-net/-i}) [Óvm, a belt; Žtuvâtmc, living in marshes]. In biology, applied to such fresh- water or limnetic organisms as are limited to certain depths, as distinguished from azºo/immedic (living only at the surface), and bathylimimetic (dwellers in deep waters). Zonoplacental (zo-no-plas-en/-tal) [óvn, girdle; pla- centa]. Having a zonary deciduate placenta. Zonula (zo/-nu-ſah) [20mula, dim. of zona, zone]. A little zone or belt. Z. ciliaris. See Zona ciliaris. Zonular (20/-nu-lar) [zonula, a little zone]. Pertain- ing to or of the character of a zonula, or a zone. Z. Cataract. See Cataract. Zonule (zón/-ul) [20mula, a little zone]. A small zone. Z. of Zinn, the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens of the eye. See Z'gaz'zezzº. Zonulet (20/-nu-ſet) [zonuſa, zonule]. A little zone. Zoo- (zo’-o-) [Öov, an animal]. A prefix to denote connection with or relation to animal life. Zoo-amylin (20-0-am/-iſ-in) [Öov, an animal; amy- ſum, starch]. Glycogen ; amyloid. Zoo-amylum (zo-o-a/-äſ-um). See Paramylum. Zoobic, Zoobiology (zo-o/-bić zo-o-bi-o/-o-º-y) [Öov, animal; 8fog, life; 26)'oc, science]. In biology, terms employed indifferently by Ducrotay de Blainville to express the internal phenomena of the organism in their relation to external conditions. Zoobiotism (zo-o-º/-of-72m) [gov, animal ; 3iog, life]. Same as Biočics. - Zooblast (zo’-o-blast) [Öov, animal; 3%aoróg, germ]. In biology, an animal cell. Zoocarp (20/-o Karſ) [Öov, animal; Raptóſ, fruit]. See Zoêspore. Zoocaulon (zo-o-Kazº’-lon) [Öov, animal; Kavā6ç, stem, stalk]. In biology, the branching stalk of certain colonial infusorians. Zoochemia (zo-o-Ke/-me-ah) [Öov, an animal; Anusia, chemistry]. The chemistry of animal life and tissues. Biochemistry. Zoochlorella, (zo-o-Klo-re//-ah) [6)ov, animal; 120p6c, pale-green : fl., Zoochlore/le]. In biology, one of the green granules found in certain invertebrates, e.g., Aydra viridis, Euglena, Stentor. Cf. Zooxanthella. Zoo-currents, or Zoorema (zo-o-Kur’-ents, zo-o-re/- mah)[Öov, animal; beiyua, current]. In biology, local ZOOCYST planktonic streams or very crowded animal roads in the sea. They occur in the open ocean, as well as on the coast, and are especially pronounced at Messina and at Lanzarote. Zoocyst (zo’-o-sist) [Öov, animal; Küoric, bladder]. In biology, an encysted organism which gives rise to zoospores. Zoocystic (zo-o-sis/-tić) [Öov, Pertaining to a zoocyst. Zoocytial (zo-o-sit/-e-a/) [šov, animal; kºtoc, cavity], Pertaining to a zoocytium. Zoocytium (zo-o-sit/-e-um) [Öov, animal; kūTog, cavity: p/., Zoocytia]. In biology, the gelatinous matrix se- creted by certain colonial infusorians. - Zoodendrial (zo-o-den/-dre-a/) [Öov, animal; 6évôpov, tree]. Pertaining to a zoodendrium. Zoodendrium łºś [Öov, animal; dév- Öpov, tree]. In biology, a branched zoocytium. Zoodynamic (zo-o-di-nam/-īk) [Öov, animal; divuluſ, power]. Pertaining to zoodynamics. Zoodynamics (zo-o-di-nam/-iás) [Öov, animal; 6vva- pukóg, dynamic]. In biology, animal physiology. Zooerythrin (zo-o-er/-ith-rin) [jov, animal; Špwôpóg, animal; ſciottc, cyst]. red]. In biology, a red lipochrome-pigment abun- dant in sponges; also spelled zoomerythrin. Cf. The racizz. - Zoofulvin (20-0-fu//-vin)[Öov, animal; fulvus, tawny]. A yellow coloring-matter obtained from certain birds, the turakoos. Zoogamete (zo-o-gam/- éé) [šov, animal ; Yapletà, a wife]. In biology, a gamete or sexual spore endowed with the power of locomotion. Zoogamous (zo-og’-am-us)[ºov, animal; Yáplog, mar- riage]. Pertaining to zoogamy. Zoogamy (zo-og/-am-e) [Öov, animal; Yáplog, marriage]. In biology, the sexual generation of animals; copula- tion, conjugation, mating. Zoogene (20/-o-jen). See Glairin. Zoogenesis (zo-o-jen’-es-is) [ºov, animal; Yevvāv, to beget]. The generation of animal forms. Animal- breeding. Zoogenic (zo-o-jen’-74) [Öov, animal ; Yeuvâv, to pro- duce]. Pertaining to zoogeny. Zoogeographic (zo-o-je-o-graſ/-īk) [Öov, animal ; Yeog, earth; ypápetv, to write]. Pertaining to zoogeography. Zoogeography (zo-o-je-og/-ra-ſe) [Öov, animal; Yà, the earth; ypápetv, to write]. In biology, that branch of zoology which treats of the geographic distribution of animals. Cf. Phytogeography. Zooglea (20-0-gle/-ah) [Öov, animal; YWOtóg, a sticky substance]. In biology, a stage in the life-history of certain Schizomyceſes, or bacteria, in which they lie embedded in a gelatinous matrix secreted by the microbes themselves. Zoogleic (zo-o-g/e/-ić) [Öov, animal; YWológ, a sticky substance]. In biology, pertaining to a zooglea. Zoogleoid (zo-o-gleſ-oid) [Öov, animal; YWológ, sticky substance]. In biology, zooglea-like. Zoogonia (zo-o-go/-ne-a/.) [ćov, animal; yová, gen- eration]. Viviparous generation. Zoogonidium (zo-o-go-mid/-e-um) [ºov, animal; Youff, generation: pl., Zoogonidia]. In biology, a motile gonidium ; one furnished with cilia. Zoogonology (zo-o-go-mo/-oje) [ć]ov, animal; You%, generation; A6/06, a treatise]. A scientific view of the origin and development of animal life. Zoogonous (zo-og’-o-mus) [ćov, animal; yovág, pro- ducing]. Same as Viviparous. 0. Zoograft (20/-o-graff), [ſºov, animal; graft). A slip or graft of tissue derived from any one of the lower animals, and surgically implanted upon the human body. 1630 Zoonal (20/-o nal) [Öov, animal]. ZOONITIC Zoografting (zoº-o-grafting) [šov, animal; graft]. Transplanting in which the grafts are taken from the skin of the lower animals. - *Zoographer (zo-og/-ra-ſer). See Zoographist Zoographic (zo-o-graf’-ić) [jov, animal ; )páſpelv, to write]. Pertaining to zoography. Zoographist (zo-og/-raf-isé) [šjov, animal ; Ypápeuv, to write]. One who describes animals. Zoography (20-og/-ra-fe) write]. animals. - - Zooid (20/-oid) [Öov, animal; elóog, form]. Animal- like. In biology, “a more or less individualized animal organism, which may or may not be capable of independent existence, and which constitutes one of a series whose members are related to each other by some form of non-sexual reproduction and morpho- logically repeat one another, either actually or homo- logically.” (Allman.) “The introduction of the term zooid into the language of zoology is of very re- cent date. This term is intended to indicate each of the distinct organisms which, with various degrees of independence, express, when taken together, the total result of the development of a single ovum. It is a valuable addition to our terminology, enabling us to avoid the ambiguous sense which attaches itself to the word individual when this word is used in its biologi- cal signification as the logical element of a species.” (Huxley.) Zoologic (zo-o-lo/-ić) [Öov, animal; Wóyog, word]. Relating to zoology. Zoologist (zo-o/-o-fist) [šov, animal; Aóyoc, science]. One who is versed in zoology. Zoology (zo-o!’-o-je) [ćjov, animal; %yoç, a treatise]. That branch of biology treating of the form, habits, structure, development, and classification of animals. Z., Medical, the study of drugs of animal origin. Zoomelanin (zo-o-mel/-an-in) [{{jov, animal; , pēWaç, black]. In biology, the black pigment of the feathers of certain birds. Zoomephitism (zo-o-meſ/-īt-izm)[Öov, animal; mephit- ism]. Mephitic exhalations of animal origin. Zoometric (zo-o-met' - rić) [šov, animal; uérpov, measure]. Pertaining to zoometry. Zoometry (20-om/-et-re) [Öov, animal; piétpov, meas- ure]. The measurement of the proportionate lengths or sizes of the parts of animals. Zoomorphic (zo-o- mor/-fi/ ) [Öov, animal; Hopó%, form]. Pertaining to zoomorphism. Zoomorphism (zo-o-mor/ºftzm) [Öov, animal; uopºff, form]. Representation of animal forms as distin- guished from the human form. - Zoomorphy (20/-o-morſe). Same as Zoomorphism. Zoon (20/-on) [jov, an animal; pl., Zoal. In biology, a morphologic individual, the total result of the devel- opment of a single ovum. Cf. Zooid. In biology, of or [šov, animal; Ypá pelv, to A descriptive treatise on the distribution of pertaining to a zoon. - Zoonerythrin (20-on-er/-ith-rin). The red coloring- matter extracted by chloroform from the red excres- cence over the eyes of certain birds, from the feathers of Calurus auriceps, and from other sources. It is soluble in ether, chloroform, and alcohol. It is bleached by light. See Zooerythrin, and Pigments, Conspectus of Zoonic (zo-on/-ić) [ćjov, animal]. mals. Zoonite (zo’-o-nit) [Öov, animal]. In biology, one of the segments or somites, metameres, or arthromeres of which an articulate animal is composed, Zoonitic (zo-o-nit/-ié) [ćov, animal]. Of or pertain- ing to a zoonite. Relating to ani- ZOONOMIA Zoonomia (zo-o-mo'-me-ah) [ćov, animal; vópoc, law]. The principles or laws of animal life. Zoonomic (zo-o-nom/-ić) [ćjov, animal; vöuoc, law]. Pertaining to zoonomy. - - Zoonomist (zo-on/-o-mist) [jov, animal; véuoç, law]. One versed in zoonomy. Zoonomy (zo-on/-o-me). Same as Zoonomia. Zoonosis (zo-on/-o-sis) [šov, animal; v6oog, disease: pl., Zoomoses]. Any disease communicated or com- municable from one of the lower animals to man. Zoonosology (zo-o-nóz-o/-o-je ) [ćjov, animal ; vöoog, disease; 7.6)0ç, science]. The systematic considera- tion of the diseases of lower animals; zoopathology, zoopathy. Zooparasite (zo-o-par’-as-it) [Öov, animal; trapáattoº, parasite]. In biology, a parasitic animal. Zooparasitic (zo-o-par-as-it/-ić)[Öov, animal; tapáottoc, parasite]. A disease caused by an animal parasite. Zoopathology (20-0-path-ol/-o-je) [Öov, animal; träffog, suffering ; %yoc, science]. The science of the dis- eases of animals. Zoopathy (20-op/-ath-e) [Öov, animal; Tráffog, suffer- ing]. The science of the treatment of diseases of animals. . Zooperal (zo-op/-er-al) [Öov, an animal; Treipaeuv, to experiment]. Pertaining to experimentation upon animals. Zooperist (zo-op’-er-ist) [ćov, an animal; Teipaety, to experiment]. One who performs experiments on animals. - Zoopery (zo-op/- er-e) [Öov, an animal; Teipaetv, to experiment]. A term proposed by Wilder to express experimentation upon animals. Cf. Callisection and Sentisection. Zoophagous (zo-off’-ag-us) [Öov, animal; payev, to eat]. Subsisting on animal food. Zoopharmacy (zo-o-far/-mas-e) [ćjov, animal; phar- macy]. The science or art of veterinary pharmacy. Zoophobia (zo-o-fo/-be-ah) [Öov, animal; $6,30g, fear]. Morbid dread of certain animals. Zoophysics (zo-o-ft2/- ?/s) [ć]ov, animal; ºvatká, physics]. In biology, comparative anatomy. Zoophysiology (20-0-ſiz-e-o!’-oje) [Öov, animal; phys- tology]. Animal physiology. Zoophyte (zo’-o-fit) [ć]ov, animal ; ºvtóv, plant]. In biology, a member of the lower invertebrata, the whole animal structure, whether a single animal (zooid), or consisting of a large number of animals, as in most corals, sea anemones, acalephs, and sponges. “The word has been applied to the lower animals by most writers in natural history since Pliny. It was first used by Sextus Empiricus and no doubt suggested by a passage of Aristotle in which the gradation from the higher animals to the plants is alluded to. But far from constituting a progress in science, that designation introduced only confusion, or at least served to propagate a false impression that there were living beings truly partaking at the same time of the nature of animals and plants. Nothing can be farther from the truth than to ascribe such a view to Aristotle, as his commentators, Goza and Budaeus, have done; for, though Aristotle alludes to a gradation among animals and to a sort of transition from them to plants, he nowhere regards those animals as ambiguous in their character, but everywhere speaks of them as living animals and alludes to the sponges as plants. These erroneous notions had been enter- tained for nearly two thousand years until Peysonnel demonstrated the animal nature of the expanded in- dividuals of the so-called zoophytes, in which some of his predecessors had fancied they saw real flowers.” (L. Agassiz.) 1631 ZOOTROPHIC Zoophytoid (zo - off /- it - oid) [ºov, animal; púTov, plant]. Resembling a zoophyte. Zoophytology (20-0-ft-to/-oje) [gov, animal; pyrów, plant; 7.670g, a treatise]. The study of zoophytes. Zooplastic (zo-o-plas/-tić) [šov, animal; TAdooetv, to form]. Pertaining to or of the nature of zooplasty. Zooplasty (zo/-o-plas-te) [šov, animal; Tāāogetv, to form]. The surgical transfer of zoografts; the trans- plantation of tissue from any of the lower animals to Iſla Ił. Zoopsia (20-op/-se-a/ ) [ćjov, animal; 6 pig, vision]. The seeing of animals, as an illusion or as an halluci- nation or in dream. - Zoopsychology (zo-o-si-ko!’-oje) [ćjov, animal; puzà, soul, mind; 7.6).og, science). In biology, the science of the mental activities of lower animals. Zoorema. See Zoo-currents. Zooscopic (zo-o-shop/-i/2) [Öov, animal; OkoTeiv, to view]. Pertaining to or of the nature of zooscopy. Zooscopy (20-osſ-Åo-pe) [šov, animal; a Koſtelv, to see]. The hallucinatory appearance of animal forms. Zoosperm (20/-o-spurm) [šov, animal; atépua, seed]. Same as Zoospermium. In biology, (a) same as Zoospore; (b) a spermatozoid, a Zoospermium. Zoospermatic (zo-o-sper - mat/- ?/ ) [Öov, animal; oréppa, seed]. Pertaining to a zoosperm. Zoospermium (zo-o-spur/-me-zem). See Zoosperm. Zoosporange (zo’-o-spar-anj). Same as Zoosporazz- gzzeznº. . - Zoosporangial (zo-o-spo-ran/-je-a/) [Öov, animal; atopá, seed; dyyelov, vessel]. Pertaining to a zoo- sporangium. Zoosporangium (zo-o-spo-ran/ºſe-um) [Öov, an animal; otopä, seed; dyyátov, vessel ; pl., Zoosporangia]. A sporangium which produces motile spores. Zoospore (zo’-o-spor) [šov, animal ; GTopá, seed]. In biology, a motile spore, a swarm-cell or swarm-spore. Zoosporic (zo’o-spor’-ić) [Öov, animal ; otopá, seed]. Of the nature of a zoospore. Zoosporiferous (go-o-spor-if”-er-us) [jov, animal; otropá, seed; ferre, to bear]. Producing zoospores. Zootaxy (zo’-o-taks-e) [Öov, animal ; Tášic, arrange- ment]. In biology, systematic zoology; the taxonomy of animals. Zootechnics, or Zootechny (zo-o-tek/-niks, zoº-o-tek-ne) [Öov, animal ; Téxym, art]. In biology, the science of breeding and domesticating animals. Zootheca (zo-o-the-kah) [Öov, animal; 6%rm, case : pl", Zoothecae]. In biology, the case or cell containing a zoospore or a spermatozoid. Zoothecal (zo-o-the-Åal) [Sov, animal; thic), case]. Pertaining to a zootheca. Zoothecial (zo-o-the'-se-al) [901, animal ; tımriov, a casket]. Pertaining to a zoothecium. Zoothecium (zo-o-the-se-um) [Öov, animal; thicſov, dim. of thºm, case ; pl., Zoothecial. In biology, an aggregation of simple loricae incasing certain colo- nial infusorians. Zootherapy (20-o-ther/-ap-e) [gov, animal; tepaſſeta, therapy]. Veterinary therapeutics. Zootocology (zo-o-to-ko/-o-je) [ºotókoç, viviparous; Żóyog, science]. A term proposed by Dr. Field, of Nor- wich, England, to supplant the word biology. Zootomic (zo-o-tom/-ä) [Öov, animal; Touff, a cutting]. Pertaining to zootomy. Zootomist (zo-o/-o-mist)[Öov, animal; Touff, a cutting]. A comparative anatomist. Zootomy (20-of/-o-me) [Šov, animal; Touñ, a cutting]. In biology, comparative anatomy; the dissection of animals. * * Zootrophic ( zo-o-trof'-ié) [Öov, animal; Tpépen, to nourish]. Pertaining to animal alimentation. ZOOXANTHELLA Zooxanthella (zo-o-zan-thel’-ah) [Öov, animal; £avóóg, yellow ; pl., Zooxanthellae]. In biology, one of the yellow pigment-granules forming the phaeodium of cer- tain radiolarians. Zopissa (zo-pisſ-ah) [Órlooa). In the older phar- macy, the pitch and tar scraped from a ship's sides. It was regarded as a strong Xerantic and discutient remedy, Zoster (zos'-ter) [ſoothp, a girdle]. See Herpes zoster. Z. atypicus gangraenosus et hystericus. Kaposi's term for a vesicular affection characterized by an erup- tion of vesicles and papules, chiefly in groups, followed by central scabbing, and which was often surrounded by a corona of pus or minute pustules. In some parts, from coalescence, large areas of gangrene are produced, fol- lowed by sloughing, and keloid development in the scar. The eruption is symmetric, shows a marked tendency to recur, and occurs in hysteric individuals. Z. auricularis, a form of zoster affecting the ear. Z. brachialis, zoster affecting the arm or forearm. Z. capillitii et frontalis, zoster of the forehead and scalp over the distribution of the first branch of the fifth nerve. Z. cerebralis, zoster which sometimes affects the whole of one side of the body and is of cerebral origin. Z. cervico-subclavicularis, zoster affecting the neck and anterior portion of the chest. Z. facialis, zoster in the distribution of the trigeminus nerve. Z., Herpes, shingles. An acute herpetic vesicular eruption in the distribution of a cutaneous nerve, often an intercostal nerve. Z. hystericus, zoster due to hysteria. Z. lumbo-femoralis, zoster appearing on the nates, thigh, and calf of the leg. Z. lumbo-inguinalis, zoster of the back and groin. Z. ophthalmicus, an eruption in the course of the ophthalmic division of the fifth nerve. It is confined to the orbital region, the side of the nose, the forehead, and the anterior part of the scalp. Z. pectoralis, zoster affecting the pectoral region. Z. perinaealis, zoster affecting the vulva, or the penis and scrotum, and the perineum. Zuckerkandl’s Convolution. See Convolutions, Zable 07. Zygadenus (27-gad’-en-us) [vyóv, yoke; &öffy, gland]. A genus of liliaceous plants, mostly N. American, the zygadenes. Z. venenosus, of the Pacific States (death camass, or hogs' potato), is a violent poison, narcotic, convulsant, and acrid stimulant. Unof. Zygal (zi/-gal) [vyóv, yoke]. Yoked; applied by Wilder to cerebral fissures which, like the paroccipital, consist of two pair of branches connected by a stem or zygon. - Zygantrum (27-gan'-trum) [vyóv, yoke; &vTpov, cave]. In biology, a depression on the posterior face of the neural arch of each vertebra of certain reptiles, receiv- ing the zygospheme of the succeeding vertebra and thus interlocking the vertebrae. Zygapophysial (zi-gaſ-osſiz'-e-a/) [vyóv, yoke; &Tó- pvaag, apophysis]. Pertaining to a zygapophysis. Zygapophysis (zi-gaff-off’-is-is) [vyóv, yoke; apophy- sis]. Any articular or (so-called) oblique process of a vertebra. - - Zygobranchiate (zi-go- brang/- Áe-āt) [vyóv, yoke; (3payria, gills]. In biology, having paired and, as it were, yoked gills or ctenidia. Zygocardiac (2i-go-kar/-de-ak) [vyóv, yoke; Kapòia, heart]. In biology, denoting a certain hard protuber- ance of the stomach of a crustacean, formed by a thickening of the chitinous lining of the cardiac divi- SJOI). Zygodactylism (zi-go-dak/-til-izm) [vyóv, yoke; dāk- rvŽog, finger]. The yoking of the toes of a bird's foot in anterior and posterior pairs. 1632 zygozoospoRE Zygoite (zi/-go-it) [vyóv, yoke]. In biology, the or- ganism resulting from the process of zygosis, or conju- gation of two gametes. Zygolabialis (zi-go-la-be-a/-lis) [vyóv, yoke; labium, lip]. The zygomaticus minor muscle. See Muscles, Table of Zygoma (zi-go’-mah) [Öyoua, the cheek-bone]. The arch in the bones of the face formed by the interartic- ulation of the temporal with the malar bone. Zygomatic (zi-go-mat/-ié) [šūyoua, zygoma]. Pertain- ing to the zygoma, or cheek-bone. Zygomatico-auricular (zi-go-mat/-āk-o-aw-rić/-u-lar) [šūyoua, zygoma ; auricularis, of the ear]. Pertain- ing to the zygoma and the auricle. - Zygomatico-auricularis (zi-go-mat/-ić-o-aw-rić-u-la/- ris) [šūyoua, zygoma, auricularis, of the ear]. A muscle of the external ear; the attrahens aurem. See Muscles, Table of. - - Zygomaticofacial (zi-go-mat-i}-o-fa/-shal) [ſtyoua, zygoma ; facies, face]. Pertaining to the zygoma and the face. - Zygomaticotemporal (zi -go- mat-ić -o- tem/-po-ral ) [šūyoua, zygoma; temporal]. Pertaining to the zygo- ma and the temporal bone or fossa. Zygomaticus (27-go-mat/- #-us) [{{youa, zygoma]. One of several small subcutaneous muscles arising from or in relation with the zygoma. See Muscles, Table of Zygomorphic (zi-go-mor/ºftā). Same as Zygomorphous. Zygomorphism (zi-go-mor/ºftzm) [vyów, yoke; Hoppſ, form]. The character of being zygomorphous. Zygomorphous (zi-go-mor/ſus) [vyóv, yoke; poppſ, form]. In biology, applied to such flowers as may be divided into similar halves in one plane, or into similar halves in two planes at right angles to one another, but in which the halves produced by the two bisections are of different shapes. Zygomorphy (zi/-go-mor-ſe). ... Same as Zygomorphism. Zygon (zi/-gon) [vyóv, yolk]. . In the cerebrum, the bar that connects the two pairs of branches of a zygal fissure. Zygophyte (zi/-go-fit) [vyóv, yoke; ºvtóv, plant]. In biology, a zygospore-producing plant. Zygopleural (zi-go-plu'- ral) [vyóv, yoke ; Tºewpá, side]. In biology, bilaterally symmetric. Cf. Di- pleural and Tetrapleural. Zygose (zi/-göz) [vyów, yoke]. In biology, pertaining to or characteristic of zygosis. Zygosis (zi-go/-sis) [vyov, to join, yoke]. In biology, the process of asexual reproduction by conjugation or fusion of two protoplasmic bodies or gametes. Zygosperm (zi/-go-spurm) [vyöv, yoke; otépua, seed]. Same as Zygospore. Zygosphene (zi/-go-sſen) [vyóv, yoke ; of my, wedge]; In biology, a process on the anterior face of the neural arch of each vertebra of certain reptiles, interlocking the vertebrae by fitting into a fossa (the zygantrum) on the posterior face of the preceding vertebra. Zygosporangium (zi-go-spo-ran/-je-um) [Švyów, yoke; otropá, seed; ayyetov, vessel ; pl., Zygosporangia]. In biology, a sporangium resulting from zygosis and giv- ing rise to zygospores. - - Zygospore (zi/-go-spor) [vyöv, yoke; GTopá, seed]. In biology, the spore resulting from the zygosis or conju- gation of two protoplasmic bodies or gametes. Zygosporophore (zi-go - spor’- o- for) [vyóv, yoke ; otropá, seed; pépetv, to bear]. In biology, “a club- shaped or conic section of a hypha adjoining a gam- ete-cell after its delimitation.” Zygote (zi/-göt) [{{yoiv, to yoke]. Same as Zygospore. Zygozoospore (zi-go-zó/- o – spør) [Švyóv, yoke; ºov, animal; atropá, seed]. In biology, a motile zygote or zygospore. ZYLONITE Zylonite (zi/-lo-nit) [%20v, wood]. This material is a modified form of celluloid, and, like the latter, is com- posed of pyroxylin and camphor, though in different proportions. It is claimed that zylonite is a chemic combination, while celluloid is a mechanical mixture. Zylonite has uses in dentistry and surgery. See Celluloid. Zymase (zi/-māz). See Microzyme. Zyme (zim) [Šipim, leaven]. In biology, an organized ferment. Cf. Anzyme. Zymic (zim/-ić) [.æplm, leaven]. organized ferments. Zymin (27-min) [šūum, a ferment]. A product pre- pared from the pancreas for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. See Zyme. Zymogen (zi/- mo-ſen) [ºum, leaven; yewfic, produc- ing]. In biology, the condition of an unorganized chemic ferment as it exists in the resting seed; dur- ing the process of germination it gives rise to an enzyme, diastase, etc. Zymogenic (zi-mo-jen/-i}) [ºum, leaven; yewfic, pro- ducing]. In biology, causing fermentation, as certain anaérobic microorganisms. Zymogenous (27-mo/-en-us). Same as Zymogenic. Zymogic (zi-mo/-i}). Same as Zymogenic. Zymoid (zi/-moid) [igm, leaven ; elóoc, form]. In biology, resembling an organized ferment. Zymologic (zi-mo-loj'-ić) [ščam, leaven; 26 yog, sci- ence]. Pertaining to zymology. Zymology (zi-mol/-o-je) [ºum, leaven; Aóyoc, science]. That department of science which deals with fermen- tation. Zymolysis (27- mo/- is - is) [{{ſum, leaven; Wüolç, dis- solving]. In biology, fermentation produced by an organized ferment. Sheridan Lea and others have incorrectly employed this term to designate unorgan- ized fermentation, implying a vital origin of the agent. Same as Zymosis, which is preferable. Cf. Enzyme and Enzymosis. Zymolytic (zi-ma-lit"-ik) [ćpin, leaven; Wüolg, loosen- ing]. Due to, attended with, or relating to zymolysis; zymotic. Zymoma (zi-mo/-mah) [üploua ; ºvuáelv, to ferment]. Any ferment, fermented mixture, or culture. Of or pertaining to 1633 zyMURGY Zymome (zi/-mām) [{{poua, a fermented mixture]. An old name for the gluten of wheat that is insoluble in alcohol. Zymophyte (zi/-mo-fit) [.æplm, leaven; putóv, plant]. In biology, an anaérobic microorganism capable of producing fermentation ; a zyme. Zymoplastic (zi-mo-plas/-tić) [igm, leaven; Tzáaaeiv, to form]. Applied to certain substances of the blood- plasma derived from cells. Zymoscope (zi/-/lo-sköp) [ºum, leaven ; a koſelv, to view.J. In biology, Zenneck’s apparatus for ascertain- ing the zymotic power of yeast by gauging the amount of carbonic anhydrid given off. Zymose (zi'-mó2) [.æum, leaven]. . Z/. zººsimeter (zi-mo-sim/-et-er)[iplogic, fermentation; pºtpov, measure]. A device for measuring fermenta- tive processes. - Zymosis (zi-mo/-sis)[vſtov, to ferment]. I. In biology, fermentation as the result of the vital activity of cer. tain microorganisms, organized ferments, or zymes. It is a synonym of fermentation, but is preferable to zymolysis, as the effect is not one of simplification. 2. The condition of one affected with a zymotic disease. Zymotechnic (zi-mo-teå/-nik) [üum, leaven; Téxvm, art]. The art of inducing and conducting zymotic processes in connection with vinification, acetification, etc. Zymotic (zi-mot/-ä) [.æplogic, fermentation]. In bi- ology, pertaining to zymosis, or fermentative changes produced by an organized ferment, or zyme. Z. Dis- eases, those generally classed as epidemic, endemic, infectious, or contagious, now believed to be due to specific viruses, as small-pox, measles, Scarlet-fever, diphtheria, whooping-cough, and “fever’’ (typhus, simple continued, enteric, and others). Zymurgy (zi’-murje) [Šipim, leaven ; Śpyov, work]. That department of technologic chemistry that treats of the scientific principles of wine-making, brewing, and distilling, and the preparation of yeast and vine- gar, in which processes fermentation plays the principal part, Same as Enzyme, iO3 ºr ~ * * *** > * : Philadelphia 1 9 O 4