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WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM
AND
HIS COLLEGES.
moms
harles
MACKENZIE E. c. WALCOTT, M.A.

*QUI MAL
W
W
COIL
PENSE
MANNERS
I MAN
MAKYTH
“A painfull work it is, I'll assure you, and more than difficult: wherein
that toyle hath been taken, as no man thinketh, so no man believeth,
but he that hath made the triall."--- Antony a Wood
DAVID NUTT, BOOKSELLER TO THE COLLEGE,
WINCHESTER, AND 270 STRAND, LONDON.
MDCCCLII.
LE
795
7لا
W 15
LONDON:
T. RICHARDS, 37, GT. QUEEN STREET,
LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS,
13.278629
TO THE REVEREND
DAVID WILLIAMS, D.C.L.,
Warden of New College, Oxford; Canon of Winchester:
ROBERT SPECCOTT BARTER, B.C.L.,
Warden of St. Mary Winton College, near Winchester:
GEORGE MOBERLY, D.C.L.,
Head Master of Winchester School:
THE FAITHFUL GUARDIANS OF WYKEHAM'S TRUST,
IN TOKEN OF THE ESTEEM IN WHICH THEY ARE HELD BY THOSE
WHO HAVE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF BEING
MEMBERS OF EITHER OF THE TWO
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGES,
This Volume,
IN ALL DUTY, REGARD, AND GRATITUDE,
IS, WITH PERMISSION, INSCRIBED,
BY THE AUTHOR.
12, TICHBORNE STREET,
ST. JAMES'S, WESTMINSTER.
CONTENTS.
I. THE LIFE OF WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM.
II. THE CHRONICLE OF ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE AND
COMMONERS, NEAR WINCHESTER.
III. THE ANNALS OF NEW COLLEGE, IN OXFORD.
IV. THE VISITORS OF THE COLLEGES ;
AND A ROLL
OF
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

V. MUSIC OF DULCE DOMUM; THE WYKEHAMICAL GRACE ;
TE DE PROFUNDIS; AND JAM LUCIS ORTO SIDERE :
AND COMMONERS' PRAYER.
VI. CONCLUSION.
ILLUSTRATIONS:
On Steel.
PAGE
1. LOGGAN'S BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE to face 120
2. THE SOUTH FRONT OF THE GREAT QUADRANGLE
198
3. THE INTERIOR OF THE CHAPEL
214
4. THE NORTH SIDE OF THE QUADRANGLE OF NEW COLLEGE 302
5. THE INTERIOR OF NEW COLLEGE CHAPEL
326
9
99
وو
Wood-Cuts.
xvi
2
36
.
36
97
.
.
.
.
1, ARMS OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE-ON TITLE.
2. DISTANT VIEW FROM WATER MEADS
3. WYKEHAM'S EPISCOPAL SEAL
4. WYKEHAM'S ARCHIDIACONAL SEAL
5. WYKEHAM'S PRIVATE SEAL
6. THE CHANTRY OF WYKEHAM
7. WYKEHAM'S TOMB
8. THE SEAL OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE
9. THE SEAL OF ST. ELIZABETH COLLEGE
10. OLD COMMONERS
11. VIEW FROM THE WARDEN'S GARDEN
12. QLD GATEWAY
13. ELECTION CHAMBER
14. PART OF HALL (DOMUM BEING SUNG)
15. THE TRUSTY SERVANT
16. THE EAST WINDOW OF THE CHAPEL
17. SEVENTH CHAMBER
18. INTERIOR OF THE SCHOOL
19. “AUT DISCE"
20. LIBRARY DOOR
21. THE WEST WALK OF CLOISTERS*
22. DALMATIA AND HILLS
23. ST. CROSS
24. THE FOUNDER'S CROZIER
25. THE TOWER AND CLOISTERS OF NEW COLLEGE
26. DISTANT VIEW OF NEW COLLEGE
27. NON LICET GATE
.
100
102
149
184
186
188
190
201
209
221
226
233
234
241
259
262
270
328
334
337
473

* The figure represents the original dress of a scholar,

PREFACE.
The success which attended the publication of
Bishop Lowth’s “ Life of the Founder",—that boun-
tiful man, in whose life was a daily beauty,—might
well have urged another Wykehamist to commence
a history of those two colleges, which have ever held
an eminent position among the seminaries of learn-
ing in England, and to draw up a roll of the more
distinguished among the many worthies which they
have produced :
Those twins of learning, .
... so famous,
So excellent in art, and still so rising,
That Christendom shall ever speak his virtue.
Some years before, Dr. Rawlinson, of St. John's
College, on Jan. 20th, 1716-17, issued proposals for
a history of Winchester and Eton Schools: of the
collections for the former, a manuscript catalogue of
the fellows of New College, in the Bodleian Library,
to which he bequeathed his papers, marked Rawlin-
son MS., No. cxxx, is all that he appears to have
completed. No clue, at least, after inquiries in the


viï
PREFACE.
a
most probable quarters, has been obtained to any
other papers.
In the British Museum are several manuscript
chronicles, or biographies of the founder; in the Har-
leian (No. 247); Lansdowne (No. 388); and Cotton
(Titus a, xxiv) Libraries; in Plott's MS., 2896, is a
letter relative to the founder ; but the most interest-
ing life was written by William Axon, fellow of New
College, elected Aug. 14th, 1625, in the Burney Col-
lection, marked No. 362: it has been frequently cited
in the present volume. In a manuscript quarto, con-
taining taxations of benefices, bequeathed by Wyke-
ham to Winchester College, through his executor, Dr.
Aylward, is a short notice, probably written by him.
It is the earliest and most authentic treatise. It was
known to Warden Chandler, the next biographer of
Wykeham: his manuscript, which belonged to Bishop
Beckington, is in the library of New College. Dr.
Martin, Chancellor of Winchester, is also known for
a similar work, published posthumously in 1597; and
reprinted by Warden Nicholas in 1690 ; an interest-
ing letter with regard to it is in the Ballard Collec-
tion, xxxviii, 4: it was founded upon a manuscript
life written by Robert Heete, fellow of Winton, in
the year 1424, and now preserved at Winchester: an
abridgement of Heete's volume, found in New Col-
lege library, and bound up with Chandler's “ Dia-
logues of Wykeham”, is printed in Wharton's “Anglia
Sacra”. Some additional information is to be found
in Harl. MS. 6706. Johnson's work on the “ Life of

PREFACE.
ix
Wykeham”, was published in 1573, at the end of
some poems addressed by Richard Willey to Sir W.
Burleigh. Wykeham's controversy with the masters
of St. Cross is to be found at New College, and in
Harl. MS. 1616 ; his injunctions to the prior and
convent of Winchester, also in Harl. MS. 328. His
“Episcopal Register”, comprised in two large folio
volumes, is preserved in the cathedral of Winchester.
Among the Harleian MSS. are the valuable collec-
tions from the Patent Rolls in the Tower, made by
Dr. Hutton: they supply much information unknown
to Bishop Lowth. A pleasing biography was written
by the Rev. John Chandler, vicar of Witley, in 1842.
To the Rev. W. H. Gunner, M.A., chaplain of Win-
chester College, who has arranged and thoroughly
searched the documents contained in its muniment-
room, I owe entirely the extracts from the household
expenses of the founder, copied from a manuscript
roll of disbursements for six months, commencing
April 1st and ending on Tuesday, Sept. 30th, 1394.
Every available source of information was con-
sulted, including, of necessity, the well-known histo-
rians of the period, as Walsingham, Knighton, and
the other original chroniclers ; but it was deemed
unadvisable to interrupt the continuity of the narra-
tive by a parade of such authorities. The accuracy
of the references which are given will serve as a
guarantee for the fidelity of the other statements.
The admirable essay by Mr. C. R. Cockerell, upon
William of Wykeham as an architect, recommends

3


X
PREFACE.
itself to the attention of Wykehamists, not more for
the affectionate manner in which testimony is borne
to the founder's talent, than for the ingenuity and
learning displayed in that paper. It appeared in the
volume published by the Archæological Institute of
Great Britain and Ireland, after their visit to Win-
chester in 1846.
An artist was already engaged at Oxford to make
a drawing of the founder for the purpose of being
engraved; when it appeared, after the careful con-
sideration of the several portraits by competent au-
thorities, that there was no surer credential for the
authenticity of the likeness than a tradition of little
more than two hundred years. It has been, therefore,
thought advisable to omit a costly engraving, and
substitute views of real scenes, which will be familiar
to all Wykehamists. The most correct likeness of
the founder will probably be found in one of the
cotemporaneous corbels at New or Winchester Col-
lege. The effigy on his seal will be seen at page 2.
The attempt would be as unbecoming as futile, at
this time, to make any definite statement in the con-
troversy about the probable descent of the founder
from the Wykehams of Swalcliffe. Chandler, Harpis-
field, Lowth, and Ingram, have expressed grave doubts
on the subject. Whilst it is certain that his father
was called Longe, and that he wrote his own name,
and was addressed constantly, though not invariably,
as De, or Of Wykeham; it is not clear that his lineage
may not be traced to the ancient family which ex-

PREFACE.
xi
isted at Swalcliffe in the reign of King Edward I.
More honour to him if, unpropped by ancestry, by
the force of his own merit he made his way to dis-
tinction, and thus nobly won what he was so princely
in bestowing. From the honour of such a father is
derived the glory of his grateful sons. The actual
fact cannot now be ascertained.
As regards the history of the colleges ; New Col-
lege has been noticed in Wood's and Ackermann's
(Combe’s) “ History of the University", and Dr. In-
gram’s “ Memorials of Oxford”: its appearance in the
seventeenth century has been delineated in two plates
by Loggan. The Warden of New College, with his
wonted kindness, placed in my hands two curious
manuscript volumes containing some interesting notes.
Winchester College has had for historians, Bishop
Milner, in his “History of the City”; an anony-
mous writer in Ackermann's “ History of the Public
Schools”; and the author of the letter-press published
in Radclyffe's “ Memorials of Winchester College”.
The illustrations of the present volume are due to the
taste and skill of that accomplished artist. Some
curious memoranda are preserved in the Ashmolean
MSS.; Wood, No.lxxxiii, and Ashmole, 8518. A copy
of Warton's “ Description of the College”, with manu-
script notes, was sold by Sotheby in March 1852. To
these must be added the invaluable “ Collections” of
the Rev. H. Blackstone, fellow of Winchester College,
in two volumes, which were frankly laid open to me
by the Warden of Winchester.


xii
PREFACE.
For the biographical portion of the work, I am
much indebted to the “ Register of Scholars of Win-
chester”, illustrated with the notes of Warden Pink
and others; the “ Catalogue of the Fellows of New
College”, compiled by the Rev. Canon Pilkington ;
but more especially must I offer my sincerest thanks
to the Rev. J. Edwards Sewell, M.A., fellow of New
College, who placed at my disposal that monument of
indefatigable and affectionate toil, his annotated re-
gister of the members of that society, which, I trust,
he may some day give to the public.
It is my pleasing duty also to acknowledge my
obligations for their replies to my inquiries for addi-
tional information, among many, to one so highly re-
spected as Philip Duncan, Esq., M.A.; the venerable
and Rev. George Sherer, M.A.; J. Lettsom Elliot,
Esq., Hon. Sec. of the Wykehamical meetings; Mr.
F. Morshead, the Præfect of Hall; and my friend
and schoolfellow, the Rev. J. T. Hearn.
One reflection cannot escape the thoughtful reader
the thankfulness with which we should contrast our
own times with those of Wykeham, and the successive
troubled reigns during which this school has been
preserved by a good Providence ;—the religious strug-
gles at the Reformation, and in the reigns of Mary
and Elizabeth; the civil wars of Charles I, the revo-
lution of William III, and the appearance in arms of
the Stuarts, father and son :successive changes in
dynasties have given place to a firmly-seated royal
race, an established religion, and a popular and consti-

PREFACE.
xiii
tutional government. During this period, the system
has benefited by the gradual relaxation of the aus-
terities originally prescribed in a different state of
society, and by the rational enlargement of the plan
of studies, yet further to be improved by a wise libe-
rality as the times demand.
There is no perfect list of commoners, medallists, or
prizemen extant. Even the surnames of Wykehamists
not on the foundation at Winchester, I was enabled
to collect only through the kindness of the wardens of
either college, who communicated to me such “Rolls”
as they had in their private possession. To these I
added those belonging to Dr. Gibbs, of Exeter, the
Rev. Thomas Baker, Major Pickwick, my Publisher,
and others. I thus have, almost in complete chrono-
logical order, the names of Commoners from the year
1668. By means of a lithographed circular and pri-
vate letters, I made application to every Wykehamist
whom I thought able and willing to contribute to the
accuracy of this portion of the work.
The difficulty which I have often experienced in
identifying persons in a long list of surnames, induces
me to offer one suggestion, that hereafter, for the ad-
vantage of any future continuator of these annals, the

a

1 This series of rolls I have copied for the purpose of presentation to
New College library, a duplicate I trust to give to that of Winchester,
with short biographical notices attached to the several names. Wyke-
hamists would confer a great favour upon me, by giving me accounts of
their own cotemporaries, and lending to me any of the following rolls,
still wanting, viz., for the years 1669, 1671, 1684, 1691-3, 1695, 1702-8,
1710-1, 1713, 1715-9, 1722-3, 1726, 1728-9, 1733, 1735, 1738, 1741-2,
1744, 1770, 1777, 1782-95, 1805, 1807-9, 1822, 1824-5, 1835-6.
xiv
PREFACE.
a
Christian names should be introduced in the rolls;
and a register of Commoners commenced on a similar
plan to that adopted in the case of the admission of
scholars. A list of prizemen and medallists would be
a real boon to the college.
We proceed to look upon a noble creation of Chris-
tian piety, and grand monuments of ancient art; and,
in the biographies, to revive the memories of departed
worthies, and read lessons of warning or examples
for imitation, devotion to God, self-denying zeal and
beneficent services to society, and the promotion of
knowledge and good literature. May these, like the
"imagines” of the Cornelii of old, be a perpetual stimu-
lant to the energy of the present generation of Wyke-
hamists to sustain the reputation of their fathers.
In the following pages, those who owe to the muni-
ficence of Wykeham the privilege of having been
educated, immediately or more remotely, as scholar
or commoner, will find that they have just reason
to contemplate with pride the success of a school,
which in its earliest days produced Chicheley and
Waynflete, the founders of the two grandest colleges
in our ancient universities; the gentle Warham;
Grocyn, the reviver of the Greek language; the phi-
losophic Shaftesbury and profound Harris; the mo-
ralist, Browne; among poets—some of them distin-
guished ornaments of the Augustan age-Otway,
Young, Collins, Somerville, Philips, Crowe; the learned
Bilson, Burgess, Lowth, and meek Ken; the graceful
Wotton; among judges, Erle and Cranworth ; among


PREFACE.
XV
war.
speakers, Onslow, Cornwall, Sidmouth, and Lefevre;
among seamen, Keats and Warren; among soldiers,
Lord Guildford, Seaton, Dalbiac, Myers, and their gal-
lant companions in the hard-fought fields of the last
Such a school need never fear to bear compari-
son with either of its sister colleges during the past;
the memory of such worthies, and the present distinc-
tion of her sons, are the sure credentials that it will
not degenerate in the future from its ancient rank and
fame. It has never failed in contributing its share of
faithful men to serve the country in Church and
State; it has well sustained the reputation which
should attach to the only ancient institution not
founded by a sovereign which boasts itself to be a
royal college. To that gracious Queen, who by her
yearly gift and continued patronage, exhibits her
favour towards it; and to her princely Consort, who,
while he shines eminent in every domestic virtue, and
is ever foremost in every scheme for promoting the
welfare of the nation, not long since, by his visit to
Winchester, at once recalled old memories of kings
and queens entering the gates of Winchester, and
gave a hope that those recollections might be again
renewed; this school will ever manifest its gratitude
and devotion, and keep alive the old honours of its
name, maintained through nigh five centuries, as the
mother of the loyal scholars of Wykeham.
An early and long-cherished (and, I trust, not un-
becoming) ambition has been gratified. Conscious of
my inadequacy to do justice to the great subject



xvi
PREFACE.
which I proposed to myself, earnestness and industry,
I would hope, in some degree may atone for short-
comings in its execution. The result of anxious and
responsible labour, undertaken as a tribute to the
memory of the founder, and in honour of an ancient
school, I submit to the sympathy and kind considera-
tion of those by whose support and countenance I was
encouraged to its completion, relying upon an indul-
gence from my readers proportionate to the extent
and obvious difficulties of the work.


CHPDCLIFFE.
JL.WILLIAMS SOS
THE
LIFE
OF
WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM,
SOMETIME BISHOP OF WINCHESTER;
PRELATE OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER:
TWICE LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND ;
AND

THE SOLE AND MUNIFICENT FOUNDER
OF
The Two St. Mary Winton Colleges.

B

Sluille lm 1-0 l Nybe yieun der
DELAMOTTE HEAVE
Q-2
TURIU
020
aan doeneur tous
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
" Summum et singulare, quod parentis mei defuncti, omni verborum honore mihi semper
nominandi, et omni semper pietate colendi sacrosanctæ memoriæ, sartæ, quod aiunt, et
tectæ, integræ atque illibatæ (quoad veritas, et rerum gestarum incorrupta integritas
patietur) conservandæ studium atque officium debeo. Gulielmum enim Wichamum ut opti-
mum parentem agnosco, suscipio, colo. Cui, si quid sit in me doctrinæ, virtutis, pietatis,
et Catholicæ religionis, maximè acceptum refero."--Nicholas Harpsfield, Hist. Anglic.
Eccles., page 552. Ed. Duac. 1622.
In the year of grace 1324, in the eighteenth year of
the reign of Edward II, king of England, between
the close of the summer and the setting-in of autumn
(between July 7th and September 27th), in the village
of Wykeham, in the county of Hants, was born
WILLIAM, son of John and Alice LONGE. His father,
a stout yeoman, was descended from ancestors who had
for generations ploughed the same lands and knelt at
the same altar, and paid due custom and service to
the lord of the manor : his mother was of gentle
blood, the daughter of William and Alice Bowade,
who claimed kinship with the lord of Stratton, near
Selborne: the young child was christened in the
name of his grandfather. The mill-wheel never
stayed, the flail in the barn, the scythe and sickle on
the upland, the din of the blacksmith's hammer at
his ruddy forge, ceased not, while the little proces-
sion, with sober cheerfulness, went and came on their


B2
4
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
home-festival through green lanes and woods tuneful
with the birds' music, as the singing tree of the
eastern legend; and yet the infant, now borne in
other hands at their will, shall make that village
memorable in the annals of the kingdom. For in
after times, when he became one of eminence among
the
peers and prelates of the realm, he adopted, after
the fashion of ecclesiastics in those days, the name
of his birth-place, and styled himself WILLIAM DE
WYKEHAM.
Years went by, and one summer day, in the quiet
village road, was heard the ringing of many hoofs,
as the train of a lordly knight swept by. Much mar-
velled the good wives on their way to Titchfield
market, as they saw the leader stay his horse before
the school-door of the hamlet, and anon enter the
lowly cottage of Master John Longe. When the noble
rode away, a young boy, with a bright meek face
and gentle gesture, taught by his high-minded and
well-born mother, went with him; and when evening
came, little Alice looked sadly up into her father's

1 Martyn, Vita Wicchami, lib. i, cap. I, p. 3 ; Oxon, 1690.
There is this entry in the Patent Rolls, showing that there was a
family of De Wykeham, 36 Edw. III, p. 3:—“Rex dedit Clerico suo,
Johanni de Wykeham Capellano, Cantariam in manerio Regis Norton
Skydamore, Dec. 12.”—Harl. MS. 6960, f. 66.
13 Edw. II: “Wickham. Priorissæ de messuagiâ, x toftis, ix bovatis, et
xxx acris terræ et xv acris prati et xxs. redditibus concessis per Johan-
nem Wickham pro Cantariâ ij Capellanorum, in Capellâ B. Mariæ et
S. Elenæ." 15 Edw. III: He made another grant to the prioress.-
Harl. MS. 744, f. 1167, 1170.
See for the statement of R. Glover, Somerset Herald, addressed to
Lord Burghley, lord treasurer, in the case of Wickham of Swalcliffe, v.
Sir Richard Fynes.- Collectanea Typogr. et Geneal., vol. iii, p. 354 ;
London, 1836. See also Add. MSS. Brit. Mus., No. 5538.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
5
face, and it was grave, and he spoke not, and the eyes
of her mother were downcast; but as the log sparkled
on the hearth, she saw that they were dim with tears.
The parent had yielded with a heavy heart her child
to the lord of the manor of Wykeham, Sir Nicholas
Uvedale, lieutenant of Southampton, governor of
Winchester Castle, who had observed in the yeoman's
son signs of talent and industry, and had promised to
become his patron. At an early age he was removed
to a well-frequented school on the site of the present
college of St. Mary, where his studies are said to
have been French, geometry, logic, and arithmetic
(Martyn's Life, lib. i, cap. II). In boyhood was shown
the promise of the piety of the man. On the spot
where his chantry now stands, was an altar of Our
Lady; at this shrine, and before her image, every
morning at mattins he came to hear mass sung by
Peake, one of the brethren of St. Swithin.i
We can imagine the enthusiastic devotee, kneeling
with hopes all undefined busy at his heart,—visions of
a day when, if God suffered him, he would replace the
old Saxon arches and massive piers of the cathedral
with a fairer fabric, or, at least, rebuild the chantry
after the new fashion of the sculptor's art, and if it
might be so, make his resting-place beneath. Perhaps

1 Vice tabellionis cuidam armigero constabiliario castri Wint. adhæ-
rebat ; in hac ætate frequentare ecclesiam dulce habuit, crebrius orationi
incumbere Sacris Missarum interesse solemniis. Unde et specialem de-
votionem habuit ad beatā Dei genetricē, ob cujus honorē sepius visitabat
Ecclesiam Sancti Swithuni, coram imagine eiusdem tunc posita in qua-
dam columna ejusdem ecclesiæ genibus flexis eam humiliter deprecans,
ut suis precibus ad talem statum mereretur assumi, ut non solum ipsam
sed Filium eius Jesum Christum in Ecclesia militante honoraret.
MS. Hist.

6
[1339.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
his holiday hours were spent in storing his mind by
visits to the ancient churches and abbeys of Win-
chester, and so laying the foundation of his skill and
taste in architecture.
Other impressions, lasting and important, fixed
themselves on the boy's mind,—the sense of the sor-
rows which a foreign war brought upon his country.
He had seen only fourteen summers, when the French
descended on the neighbouring coasts, and put all
to fire, sword, and rapine. On October 5th, 1339,
Southampton shared the fate of Portsmouth in the
preceding year. The sun rose bright and clear; fifty
galleys, manned with the men of Normandy and
Picardy, Genoese and Spaniards, appeared sailing
swiftly up the lake-like water, while the inhabitants
were hearing early mass; the crews landed, sacked
the town, plundered and slew, hung the richer sort
upon their own trees or in their houses, wasted the
store of provisions, and departed, having fired the
town. A few hours, and the citizens of Winton were
gathered in trembling groups, mournfully telling of
the havoc and atrocity wrought in the port of their
city and the key of their commerce, and from the
high hills could discern the smoke of the confla-
gration blotting the sun, lying like a pall over the
doomed town, ringing with the wail of helpless child-
ren and the shrieks of woman in her agony. Har-
wich, Hastings, Sandwich, Rye, and the ports of
Plymouth and Portsmouth, were visited by these
marauders (Barnes' Hist. of K. Edw. III, b. i, chap.
XIII, § 5). He thought of those raids when he was
preparing the statutes of his colleges.

1347.]
7
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
His school days passed, his patron took him into
his service as his secretary; he, on the recommenda-
tion of the constable, to whom he had recommended
himself by his skill in certain repairs and alterations
of the castle, and in writing letters to the king and
nobles, was promoted to the same office in the house-
hold of Bishop Edyngdon, of Winchester. He cer-
tainly appointed him his attorney to take possession
of certain lands, Dec. 10, 26 Edw. III; and Henry
Sturmy, of Elvecham, constituted him his attorney to
deliver seisin of certain lands to Edyngdon, Oct. 12,
A.D. 1352 (Lib. H. Coll. Wint., f. 249, 252). It has
been said that he studied in the cloisters of Oxford for
six years, learning (Martyn, Life, lib. i, cap. II) logic,
mathematics and arithmetic, and civil law, his master
being Lewis Charlton, afterwards Bishop of Here-
ford; he became acquainted with William Courtenay,
afterwards primate, and John Bokingham, sometime
Bishop of Lincoln. It is remarkable, that the title
of clericus, addressed to academical students, is added
to his name in all the patents in which he is men-
tioned, at the time previous to his admission to any
order in the church. The state of learning and the
University at this period we shall glance at hereafter.
If he never wore the scholar's gown, he could hardly
have suffered loss, so fallen was Oxford from her
ancient reputation. In the year 1354, occurred the
fatal Fray of St. Scholasticą, when twenty-eight
gownsmen were murdered by the citizens, and the
senseless feuds between the disciples of Occam and
Scotus still wasted and troubled colleges and halls.
King Edward, in the autumn of 1347, on his return


8
[1349.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
66
from the taking of Calais, spent some days at Win-
chester. Wykeham was but twenty-three years of
age; his comely countenance, courteous manner, and
fine person, recommended him to the notice of the
monarch ;—“ another Euclid in geometry,” as Harps-
field calls him, he had already manifested his skill
in architecture, and the king had need of engineers
and architects: the constable introduced him, and the
young man's own abilities and merits installed him
in Edward's favour. His ready answers and meek
address approved him as deserving as he was modest.
–Martyn, lib. i, cap. II, p. 21.
In 1349, the pestilence of black death”, slaying
its tens of thousands, appeared in Southampton, and
passed on its fearful way through Winton. It was
a year of terror. All suits and pleadings in the
courts of law were suspended; for two years the
sessions of parliament were in consequence prevented
from assembling. In the new church-yard of St.
Bartholomew, 50,000 dead were buried within twelve
months; between Candlemas and Easter nigh two
hundred interments took place every day. Pope
Clement wrote to the kings of England and France,
i Biennio vel triennio elapso post annum ætatis suæ vicesimūm, trans-
latus est [in] curiam domini regis Edwardi Tertii, qui pro merente suo gra-
tisque suffragantibus obsequiis inter primos et præcipuos regis familiares
in brevi est admissus. Unde anno domini Mº. ccco, Ixº. et regni regis
Edwardi Tertii anno tertio, ætatis vero dicti Wilielmi Wickhām anno
36°, rex castrum suum de Windsore ubi natus fuerat pulchris ædificiis
splendidè decoravit, et in eodem liberam Capellam Collegiatam ordinavit
eum multis possessionibus tam temporalibus quam Ecclesiasticis ditavit.
Et prædictorum operum supervisorem constituit Willielmum Wickham
ante dictum, ad cuius dispositionem omnia regis ædificia tunc temporis
erant peracta. Illius igitur prudentiam attendens rex Edvardus ditavit
eundem pignoribus beneficiis, ac procedente tempore experta illius ingenii
discretione suum privatum sigillum deportare fecerat.-MS. Hist.


-
1349.]
9
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
adjuring them to sheathe their weapons when the
sword of God was slaying by thousands in all lands.
Litanies and processions filled the streets with solemn
dirges and piteous cries, for God to have mercy on
the residue. Three archbishops in one year, almost
together, put on the pall and shroud. The Abbot of
Westminster and twenty-six brethren were committed
to one large grave in the southern cloister of St.
Peter's. Many parish churches were left destitute;
the priests had died ministering to the stricken, and
laymen, whose wives had died of the plague, poor
ignorant persons, presented themselves as candidates
to fill their place (Barnes' Hist. of K. Edw. III, b. ii,
cap. VIII). The Church lacked clergy, and Wykeham
offered himself to the work.
The king conferred upon him his first benefices in
1349, the living of St. Michael's, Irstead, in Norfolk,
and the chapel of Bridgenorth, the temporalities of
the abbot being in the king's hands; it was valued
at twelve marks (Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. v, p. 1424;
Lynn, 1725). Dr. Matthew Hutton, rector of Aynho,
Northants, who died in 1711, made the following
extract from the Patent Rolls in the Tower :-

Pat. 23 Edw. iij. Pars. iida. Will. de Wykham. Capel-
lan. hab. Lit. Reg. de pres. ad Eccl. de Irstede Norw.
Dioc. vacoē tempāl. Abbie de Hulm in manib. Reg.
12. Jul. (MS. Harl. 6959. f. 276.) Brugenorth' libā
Capella regis pro pbenda de Alnethle concessa Wº.
Wyckham, p. E. iij. Aº. 40. ps. Q. m. 25.-MS. Harl.
. .
744. f. 113.)
Roger, Earl of Shrewsbury, in the reign of William Rufus, founded
a collegiate church of St. Mary Magdalen, in Bridgenorth, Salop, for a
dean and six prebendaries. It was granted, 21 Eliz., to Sir Christopher
Hatton.


1
10
[1356.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
In 1350 he received the custody of the manor of
Rokeford, Hants, at an annual stipend of five marks,
until the heir of Sir William Botheaux should come
of age.--Abbrev. Ro. Orig. ii, p. 209, ed. 1810.
His next ecclesiastical preferment occurs in the
Patent Rolls, 31 Edw. III, Harl. MS. 6960, f. 35—
the rectory of Pulham, Nov. 30, 1357. Two years
after, we find that he had not enjoyed this promotion.
33 E. III, p. i.
.
Rex dedit Willo de Wykham, Clico, cui de sustentacõe
congruâ nondum providit, in auxilium sustentacois sue
xx lib. pcipiend. singulis annis, ultra vadia quæ à Rege
pcipit pro officiis, in quibus p regem apud Wyndsor et
alibi est constitutus, quousque ecclesiam de Pulham,
quam jam ex collacõe regis obtinet, et de quâ in Cur.
Rom. impetitus existit, in pace absque lite possideret,
vel de alio beneficio ad valorem c. marcm p ann. p
regem fuerit provisum. xvi Apr.-MS. Harl. 6960,
f. 76 (39).
“ In 1356 Wykeham was prosecuted in the pope's
consistory at Rome for illegally holding the benefice
of Pulham with so many that had cure of souls; but
to no purpose; for King Edward III, who gave it
him, and did everything for him he desired, immedi-
ately confirmed it by patent under the great seal, to
be held in commendam for life with all his other
preferments; and though he was attached again, it
availed nothing, for he had another patent of con-
firmation passed in 1360, but in the next year he
resigned it voluntarily to a friend” (Sir Andrew de
Stratford) “ for whom he had obtained a presentation
from the king” (20 Aug. 35, E. III, p. ii ; Harl. MS.
,
1960, f. 50; Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. iii, p. 264).


1356.]
11
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
This assertion is borne out by another entry, Pat. 35,
E. III, p. ii.
Will. de Wykeham cleric. hab. lit. reg. de pres. ad
Eccl. de Pulham. Norw. Dioc. ad don. reg. vacõe
Epatûs Elien. vacant. 10 Jul. (1361).—Harl. MS. 6960,
f. 97, 49.

To what services our young clerk was indebted for
these royal favours we cannot decide; the king had
cause to employ the talents of his architects in the
military operations in England, France, Spain, and
Scotland; also in the ecclesiastical works going on in
the gorgeous chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster, and
the buildings at Windsor, upon the erection of the keep
or Rotunda Tabula. In 1356, by patent dated May
10th, Wykeham, “ faithful and circumspect”, so the
king calls him, was appointed clerk of the king's
works in the manors of Henle and Yeshampstead
(Harl. MS. 6960, f. 29a),—
.

Rex dil. clico suo Willo de Wykeham salutem sciatis
qd nos de fidelitate et circumspectione vris plenius con-
fidentes, assignavimus vos clicūm õium opacoum nrarum,
quas in maneriis nris de Henle et Yeshampsted fieri
ordinavimus, et ad ões misas et expensas circa operacões
nras pdcas, tam pro vadiis latomorum carpentariorum,
et aliorum opariorum quorumcunque quam pro empcoi-
bus petre, maeremii, et aliorum necessariorum quorun-
que ac carriagiis eorund. usque ad maneria ñra predča
faciend' p visum et testimonium Johīs Henan contraro-
tulatoris
opacoum
nrarum in dão manerio nro de Henle,
et Johīs Coterell et Nichi Saward contrarotulatorum
opacoum nrarum in dco manerio nro de Yeshampsted
seu alicujus eorund. solvend.

And on October 30th, surveyor of the works pro-
12
[1357.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM
ceeding in the park and at the castle, his royal birth-
place. Pat. 33, E. III, p. ii.
Rex constituit clericum suum Will. de Wykeham capi-
talem custodem et supervisorem Castrorum regis de
Wyndesore, Ledes, Dover, et Hadlee, et oium mane-
riorum suorum de veteri Windsor et novâ Windesor,
Wichemere, Foliejohan, Eton, Yeshampsted, Gildeford,
Henlee, Kenyton, Shene, Eltham, Childerlangele, et
Ledes, ac parcorum ad eadem castra et maneria spectan-
tium, 10 Jul.-Harl. MS. 6960, f. 77, al. 40a; Abbrev.
Ro. Orig. ii, p. 255, 257, Ro. 5.

In 1356, he surrendered the custody of the land in
Eaton, Old and New Windsor, Wytheene, Folie Johan,
Hyreme, Wynkfeld, Ascote, and Shawe, to Thomas
Cheyne, constable of Windsor Castle (Abbrev. Ro.
Orig. ii, p. 294). He received one shilling a day
while at Windsor, two shillings in all other places,
and three shillings a week for his clerk. On Novem-
ber 14th, 1357, he received an additional salary of
one shilling by the day, payable by the exchequer
(MS. Harl. 6960, f. 35), until he should be provided
with ecclesiastical preferment. (See also Abbrev. Ro.
Orig. ii, p. 267, Ro. 38.)

p
Rex oībus salut. volentes dil. clēcum ñrm Willm. de
Wykeham pretextu boni servicii sui nobis hactenus
impensi et imposterum impendendi munere prospicere
groso, concessimus eid' Willò xij denar' pcipient' p diem
ad scaccar' nrum ultra vadia que in officiis suis tam in
castro nro de Windsor quam alibi
alibi jam pcepit, quousque
idem Willūs p nos pacifice promotas fuerit in aliquo
beneficio ecclesiastico competenti.
He appears also in another capacity, that of ranger,
in the
1359.]
13
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Issue Roll, Easter, 30 Edw. iij.
20th August. In money paid by Wm. of Wykeham,
.
for the keep of the king's 8 dogs at Windsor, for 9
weeks, taking for each dog 3 farthings per day; and
for the wages of a boy to keep the said dogs during the
same time, 2d. per day. £2. 11s.- Devon’s Issues of
the Exchequer, p. 163; Murray, 1837.
In 1357, the sale of all the beasts, save the twelve
best, in Windsor Forest, was intrusted to him and to
two other persons.—Abbrev. Ro. Orig. ii, p. 244.
The College of the Order of the Garter was to
occupy the ancient palace westward of the keep; the
new palace was to extend eastward, and form another
court. From the inner quadrangle light was thrown
in upon the apartments of the household and the
royal residence, which were built along the exterior
curtain-wall, pierced only with the necessary gates
and loop-holes for the use of bowmen. On the north
was another range of buildings, the brick-court, horn-
court, and kitchen-court (Proc. of Archæo. Inst. 1845,
art. iv, p. 3). Three hundred and sixty masons were
impressed from different counties by the sheriffs
(Ashmole, Inst. of Garter, chap. iv, sect. i, p. 129;
London, 1672), security being taken that they should
not depart without Wykeham's leave; and within
seven years, the expenditure amounted to £3,800,
equivalent to £50,000 of our present currency. On
March 1st, 1358-9, he was presented by the king to
the prebend of Flixton, in the collegiate church of
Lichfield (Harl. MS. 6960, f. 38); again, it seems, on
August 22nd, and January 29th, 1361 (Ib. ff. 43, 46).
He exchanged it for some other benefice, with John
de Waltham, on November 20th, 1361 (Browne Willis,




14
[1360.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Survey of Cathedrals, vol. ii, p. 441. Edit. 1742). On
April 28th, 1359, he is called, in the Patent Rolls,
surveyor of the king's works in Windsor Castle (34
Edw. III, p. i).
In 1359, Wykeham and Peter atte Woode and
Robert de Waltham, received charge of the king's
lands in Old and New Windsor, Wynkfield, and
Ascot.—Abbrev. Ro. Orig. vol. ii, p. 252.
On May 5th, 1360 (Harl. MS. 6960, f. 42), the
warden of the coast castles, and chief architect of
Windsor, was promoted to the deanery of the colle-
giate church of St. Martin-le-Grand, which he held
during three years.
Rex dedit clico suo Willo de Wykeham decanatum
lib. cap. reg. Sci Martini Magis London, ad totam vitam.
His liberality and love of doing good in whatever
place he was dwelling, may be learned from a peti-
tion, which recites his bounty while dean :-
1
Wil. de Mulsho, lib. cap. dni regis Sci. Martini Magni
Lond. Decan. et ejusd. loci Capitlm salut. Olim dum
prefata Capella campanile claustrum et alia ipsius edificia
essent ventorum valitudine conquassata lacerata fundi-
tùs et dirupta, cujus prætextu Canonici vicarii et Ministri
se dispergere et exindè recedere disponebant, sed grā
divina volens ipsam Capellam sic deleri de ven. prē ac
dno dno Will. de Wykeham Dei grā nunc Winton Epo
ad relevamen premissorum in Decanū ejusd. Capelle
sua miseracoē providit, qui onus et regimen ipsius assu-
quoque sanctitatem attendens et quòd inter

mens, loci
1 The royal free church of St. Martin-le-Grand within Aldersgate,
was founded in 700, by Wightred, king of Kent, and rebuilt 1056. The
church and land were given in 1502 to the Abbey of St. Peter in
Westminster.
1360.]
15
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
ceteras Capellas hujus regni devotior et antiquior exis-
tebat pariter et existit p reges Angl. fundata de eorum
substantiis et dotata, et quòd ipsa Capella que in eminen-
tiori loco civitatis London est constituta, tam ex conces-
sione Romanorum Pontificum quam largicoe Regum
Angliæ exempcõibus privilegiis et libertatibus ac favor-
ibus aliis immemorabilibus est ultra ceteras Capellas
dcī regni ad cultus divini Nois augmentum communita,
et qd. de propria substantia ipsius Capellæ defectus
predci. nullis temporibus poterunt verisimiliter relevari,
ea ipsius dñi Willi propriis substantiis et gravibus sumpt-
ibus opere lapideo et ligneo dcam capellam et claus-
trum in gremio ejusd. restituit in formam novam mire
pulcritudinis et erexit ac celaturis lapideis illud mirabi-
liter insignivit, ac domum Capitularem ipsius Capellæ
et fundo ipsius infra gremium terre profunda valde cepit
erigere et disposuit suis immensis sumptibus mirifice
consummare, ac etiam eandem domum celatur. lapideis
artificiose decorare, que absq, ipsius manibus adjutric-
ibus et taliter coopantibus non fuissent proculdubio
ullis tempibus consummata. Hujus igitur exemplo lau-
dabile et meritorio excitata pariter et inducta dilecta in
Xto filia Johanna de Hementale, relicta Edmundi He-
mentale nup civis et mercerii London, statuit in testa-
mento suo õia ten. que habuit ad i Cantariam, nos igitur
decanus et Capitlum predum consedimus. Dat. 3 Jan.
1367 ann. regni E. 3, 41. Rex ratificavit 25 Nov. m. 10.
-MS. Harl. 6960, f. 172-3, al. 87, 88.


On October 24th, 1360, “ William de Wykhom”
appears as one of the “ six masters, noble men”, who
assisted as witnesses with the notary public at the
ratification of the Treaty of Bretigny. The mass
of the Holy Ghost having been sung at the high
altar of the church of St. Nicholas, in Calais, by
Audoine abbot of Clugny, apparelled in pontificals,
two bishops, one of France, the other Edyngdon of

16
[1361.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Winton, kneeling, held the missal and gospels towards
the two kings of England and France, while they
swore upon the Blessed Sacrament and the Holy
Evangelists to observe the treaty (Rymer, Foedera,
tom. iii, P. II, p. 8). He had been found a trust-
worthy servant of the king, and in June 1361 was
appointed co-warden of the forests this side of Trent.
C
CITRA
Wickham
Attewood
Brus.
Rex comisit Wº. Wickham & Petro
Attwood, custodiam FORESTES
TRENT. dur. bneplito pcipiend'. p ann.
feod'. consuet. et. et mandat. est execut.
testi P. de Bruis nup Custod. quod et
fin. Aº. 35. E. iij. m. 24.1
m

Forest.
2
On May 20th, 1368, he is called the late warden
(Harl. MS. 6960, f. 85), and was succeeded by John
de Rounceby, parson of Hardwick.
The too credulous Archbishop Parker, following,
apparently, the story told of the famous Baron Roger
de Clifford at Brougham Castle,” says that he inscribed
on one of the inner walls of Windsor Castle, the legend,
“ This made Wickam”; that the courtiers, envious of
his rise, represented that the poor architect, elated
with his fortune, had robbed the king of the honour
of completing the structure, by intending the legend
to be read thus, “ Wykeham made this”. Nay,”
replied Wykeham, conscious of his integrity, “what


1 MS. Harl. 744, f. 359 ; Abbrev. Ro. Orig. ii, p. 263.
In 1363,
37 Edw. III, an inquisition was held at Brill before William of Wyke-
ham, justiciary, and keeper of the king's forests within Trent, upon
Fitz Nele, who had shot a deer in the Forest of Bernwode, Bucks. Peter
atte Wode was deputy to Wykeham.- Lipscombe's Buckinghamshire,
vol. i, p. 52 ; London, 1831.
2 Collins, Peerage of England, vol. vii, p. 118. Ed. 1812.
1361.]
17
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
I intended was, to declare to the world that this
made Wykeham'; these works, which have obtained
for me the king's favour, may be indeed said to
have made me.”—Antiq. Brit. Eccles., p. 286; Lond.
1572.
It is most improbable, that one so modest and pru-
dent as Wykeham should have ventured on an act
so likely to prove injurious to his fortune and cha-
racter. Certain it is, that he did not forfeit the
king's good will; for in the spring of the year 1361,
he is called surveyor of the king's works (on March
10th, MS. Harl. 6960, f. 47), and commenced the
building of Queenborough Castle, so named in honour
of Queen Philippa, “ for the strength of the realm
and the refuge of the inhabitants”, upon the little
island of Sheppey, at the mouth of the Thames and
Swale. The ground was swampy, he therefore built
his walls on piles; about the space of twenty yards,
within an outer circular wall, he dug a deep moat;
the entrance was by a gate flanked with towers; the
keep, in shape like a five-leaved rose, defended by
five lesser towers, and a square tower over the en-
trance: as the surrounding land was low, the plat-
forms were raised to a considerable height to permit
the defenders to discharge their arrows with effect.
These fortifications were not concluded until 1367;
meanwhile, the castles of Winchester, Porchester,
Wolvesey, Ledes, and Dover, were probably indebted
to Wykeham's science for repairs and enlargement
(Proc. of Archæol. Inst., 1845, art. iii, p. 8). The
cloister of St. George's Chapel, at Windsor, was also
the work of Wykeham.

a

с
18
[1361,
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Ecclesiastical promotion was added to the other
gifts of the king, as we find in the following
order :-
Rex dedit Willo de Wykeham Clīco prebendam illam
quam magr Will. de Somerford defunctus habuit in
Eccl. Heref. ad reg. donum vacõe Epāt. Heref. vacant.
12 Jul.—35 Edw. III, P. II; Harl. MS. 6960, f. 50.
Rex dedit Clico suo Willo de Wykeham Preb. de
Trathelan in Eccl. Colleg. de Aberwilli Menev. dioc.
ad don. reg. vacõe epāt. Menev. vac. 16 Jul.-Ibid.,
f. 50.

He resigned it Dec. 2.-Ib., f. 61.
Rex dedit eid. Willo de Wykeham Preb. de Treffe-
legh in Eccl. Collegiata de Landewybrewi Menev.
dioc. vacõe vac. epāt. Menev. 16 Jul.-Harl. MS. 6960,
f. 50.
Rex dedit Clico suo Willo de Wykeham prebend.
Altaris Bē Marie in Eccl. Beverl.? 24 Sept.-Ib., f. 55.
Rex dedit Clico suo Willo de Wykeham prebend. de
Oxegate in Eccl. Sci. Paul. Lond. 1 Oct.-Harl. MS.
6960, f. 51, 58; 744, f. 78.
As yet, our clerk was not even in minor orders in
the Church; his sense of duty, therefore, led him to
apply for ordination at the hands of his early patron,
William de Edyngdon; and on December 5th, 1361,
he was admitted an acolyte.—Lowth, p. 28.

1 In Abergwilly, Caermarthenshire, was a collegiate church of St.
Maurice, founded A.D. 1287, by Thomas Beck, bishop of St. David's. It
was annexed to the college of Brecon, A.D. 1541. There were twenty-
two prebendaries.—Tanner's Notitia Monastica ; Caermarthen, i.
;
At Llandewi Brewi, Cardiganshire, was a college of St. David, founded
for twelve prebendaries, by Bishop Beck, A.D. 1287.-Tanner.
2 The collegiate church of St. John Evangelist, Beverley, was founded
by King Ethelstan. There were eight canons. The prebend of St.
Mary was valued at £35:17:0, by the year.
1361.]
19
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Permut, inter Will. de Wykeham Preb. de Oxegate
et mrm Joh. de Brinkele Preb. de Totenhale in Eccl.
Sci Paul. Lond. 10 Dec.-Harl. MS. 6960, f. 60.
He held Totenhall again on April 23rd, 1363.-
Ibid., f. 67.
-
Rex dedit Clico suo Willo de Wykeham Preb. de
Ruyl in Eccl. Collegiat. de Taberwilly vacõe Epat.
Menev. vacant. 14 Dec.-Harl. MS. 6960, f. 61.
Bishop Lowth mentions, that he exchanged the
deanery of St. Martin's for the prebend of Iwerne, in
the collegiate church of Shaftesbury, on October 3rd,
1361, but was admitted to that stall again on July
2nd, 1362, on the presentation of the king during
the vacancy of the abbacy (Life of Wykeham, p. 24).
He was presented to a prebend, or portion, in the
collegiate church of Bromyard, in Herefordshire,
which Wykeham held between July 24th and October
23rd (Harl. MS. 6960, f. 51, 56); to a prebend in
the minster of Wherwell,” in Hants, December 20th
(ib., f. 60): Lowth adds: to the prebend of Yatmin-
ster Overbury, in the cathedral church of Sarum,
August 16th, which he exchanged for the prebend of
Fordington and Writhlington, October 9th; and the
prebend of Bedminster and Ratcliffe, October 15th
(Lowth, p. 26). On November 22nd, 1361, he was
installed canon of St. David's. — Harl. MS. 6960,
f. 59.

2

1 A collegiate church, mentioned first 33 Henry III, founded for three
portionists: it was granted to William Jeames, 14 Elizabeth.
2 In Wherwell was a Benedictine convent, founded by Elfrida, queen
dowager of King Edgar, A.D. 986. The abbey was dedicated to Holy
Cross and St. Peter. It was granted, 31 Henry VIII, to the Lord de la
Warr.-Tanner's Notitia Monastica ; Hants, xxxiv.
C2
20
[1362
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Rex dedit Clico suo Willo de Wykeham Prebendam
quam magr Ric. de Cleanger nup habuit in Eccl.
Menev. vacõe Epāt. Menev. vac. 22 Nov.-Harl. MS.
6960, f. 59.
On March 12th, 1361-2, he was admitted sub-
deacon by Bishop Edyngdon, in the chapel of Win-
chester House, in Southwark. The hand of God
had been over Wykeham in that terrible year of
1361, when the “second plague” appeared: on St.
,
John's Day and its morrow, twelve hundred people
died in London; six sees were left vacant; and from
St. Anthony's Day to its octave a dreadful hurricane,
accompanied by earthquakes, swept the city of London,
destroying and overthrowing walls, houses, churches,
towers, and the strongest buildings.— Barnes’ Edw.
III, b. III, ch. vii, $ 8.
Wykeham, on June 12th, 1362, was advanced to
the holy order of priesthood by Bishop Edyngdon, in
the chapel of Winchester House; and in the same
year was appointed prebendary of Sutton, in the cathe-
dral church of Lincoln (Lowth, p. 27). He was now
in his novitiate in matters of state: doubtless he was
present at the reception of the embassy from Armenia
and Cyprus, the creation of the Black Prince as
Duke of Aquitaine, and the jubilee for the fiftieth
year of the king's reign. We find his name signed
as Canon of Lincoln to the renewal of ancient amity
between Edward and the king of Castile and Leon;
as “ Chanoigne de Nichole” to the truce between
John de Montford and Sire Charles de Blois, and
their submission to the king's arbitration touching
the dukedom of Bretayne, and “ Chanoigne de

1364.
21
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Loundres”.–Rymer, Foedera, tom. iii, P. II, pp. 62,
64, 65.
He was now rector of Aswardby, Wodeland, and
Gosberkirk, in Lincolnshire ; the last benefice he
exchanged on March 17th, 1362, for the prebend of
Langtoft (Browne Willis, Survey, vol. i, p. 148), in
York Minster, which, on October 31st, 1563, he ex-
changed for the stall of Laughton (ibid. p. 151). On
February 17th, 1362-3, he was advanced to a prebend
in the collegiate church of Hastings (MS. Harl.
6960, f. 67); on April 21st, 1363, to a stall in the
royal chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster (ibid.,
f. 67); to the archdeaconry of Northampton, April
26th, which he resigned June 12th (ibid., f. 67);
that of Lincoln, May 23rd (ibid., f. 68); and the
provostship in Wells Cathedral, December 15th.-
Ibid., f. 70.

-
9
1363,37 Ed. iij, Feb. 19: Edyngdon surrendered the
great seal at Westminster “ in capellâ juxta interiorem
cameram Regis versus aquam,” in the presence of Simon
Ely, John Worcester, and William de Wykeham.-
Rymer, tom. iii, P. II, p. 74.
The letter commendatory of the papal nuncio, Dr.
John de Cabrespino, Canon of Narbonne, was addressed
to him as “William Wilcham”, Archdeacon of Lincoln.
-Rymer's Foedera, tom. iii, P. II, p. 80.
These were tokens that he was already on the high
way to fortune, and held in special favour about the
king's person.
In the year 1364, he obtained certain office about
1 A secular college of St. Mary ; each of the seven prebends was
valued at £41 :13:5 a-year. It was granted, 38 Henry VIII, to Sir
Anthony Brown.
22
[1364.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
the court, being justiciary of the royal forests, for
which he received a salary of 20s. a day out of the
exchequer, granted to him on March 14th, 1363
(Lowth, p. 29). It was a memorable time, for the
king was then entertaining four royal visitors,—John
of France, Valdemar of Denmark, Peter of Cyprus,
and David of Scotland.
Jan. 6, 1364, in Westminster: Thomas, Dean of St.
Paul's, bishop elect of Rochester, swore to observe the
peace made between the kings of England and France,
and renounced certain temporalities in the presence of
certain bishops and earls, and William de Wykeham,
keeper of the privy seal.-Rymer, Foedera, t. iii, P. 11,

p. 86.
His appointment to the keepership is mentioned
on April 2nd (Devon's Issues of Exchequer, p. 182),
and May 5th (38 Edw. III, P. I, MS. Harl., f. 71).
)
The agreement for the marriage of the Earl of Cam-
bridge and the Duchess of Burgundy, is signed by
him as-
“ Sire William de Wykeham, Archidiakne de Nicole;
Gardein du Prive Seal de le dit Roi.”—Rymer, ib.,

p. 91.
He signed in the same style the state document
regarding the return of Earl Harcourt to England. -
Rymer, ib., p. 100.
In June 1364, Pope Urban addressed a letter to
him as canon of Lincoln and secretary to the king,
in order to engage his good offices on behalf of cer-
tain merchants of Florence, to procure their release
from detention in the king's court (38 Edward III,
Rymer, Fodera, t. iii, P. II, p. 89). From 1364 to
1369, he held charge of the manor of Harcumby, co.

1366.]
23
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Lincoln, at a salary of ten marks, until the heir of
Robert Tiffur should come of age (Abbrev. Ro. Orig.,
ii, pp. 287, 302). In May 1365, he was associated
with the lord chancellor, lord treasurer, and the
Earl of Arundel, as a commissioner to treat upon the
prolongation of a truce with Scotland, and the ransom
of the Scottish king, David II, who had been taken
captive at Neville's Cross in 1346 (Rymer, Foedera,
tom. iii, P. II, p. 97). On July 27th, his name ap-
pears appended to the acknowledgment of Engorrain
that he had been well treated whilst a hostage in
England (ib., p. 100). He is styled “ Capitalis Con-
silii secreti et Gubernator magni Concilii”, in the
Act of Pardon of 1377.-Rymer, Foedera, tom. iii,
P. III, p. 65; and Ro. Parl., iii, 388.
In May 1365, Pope Urban V issued a bull against
pluralities; and in the following year, during the
autumn, the Bishop of London, Simon de Sudbury,
made a return of the benefices held by Wykeham to
the primate.
In October 1366,“ Sir William of Wykeham, clerk,
archdeacon of Lincoln, and [secretary??] of our lord
the illustrious king of England, and keeper of the
privy seal, by reason of his said office residing and
commonly dwelling in the city and diocese of London,
intimated, and in writing exhibited to us, Simon,
Bishop of London, clearly, particularly, and distinctly,
as he affirmed, that he holdeth the archdeaconry of
Lincoln, having no ecclesiastical benefice nor manse
annexed unto the same, which is reputed to be a
1 Pope Urban addressed him as secretary in a letter dated January
21st, 1366.-Rymer's Federa, tom. iii, P. 11, p. 129.
II
24
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
a
dignity in the church of Lincoln, and is a benefice
with cure, and incompatible with another cure; not
taxed the true and annual value of the same, if the
archdeacon visiteth all the churches of his archdea-
conry, and receiveth the whole procurations every
where in ready money, extending to cccli pounds
sterling
Also, the canonry and prebend of Sutton (in Ma-
risco), in the said church of Lincoln ; it is a benefice
without cure, and compatible with a benefice with
cure; the tax of the same is cclx marks sterling.
“ Also, the canonry of Leighton (Beaudesert), in the
church of York; it is a benefice without cure, and
compatible with a cure, and is so held and reputed ;
the tax of the same is cx marks sterling.
“ Also, the canonry and prebend of Dunham, in the
collegiate church of Southwell, York diocese; it is a
benefice without cure, and compatible with a cure;
the tax of the same is lv marks sterling.
Also, the canonry and prebend of the altar of St.
Mary, in the collegiate church of Beverley, York
diocese; it is a benefice without cure, and compa-
tible with a cure; the tax of the same is xvi pounds
sterling
“ Also, the canonry and prebend of Tottenhall, in
the church of London; a benefice likewise without
cure, and compatible with a cure; the tax of the
same is xvi marks sterling.
Also, the canonry and prebend of Fordington
(and Writhlington), in the church of Sarum; a bene-

66

66
1 Edw. Rex confert Preb. de Totenhale Johi de Blebury p' resign.
Will. de Wykham. 1 Oct. 36 E. iii, f. 21.-MS. Harl. 6955, f. 6, 7.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
25
3
1
66
fice likewise without cure, and compatible with a
cure; the tax of the same is xxv marks sterling.
“ Also, the canonry and prebend of Wherwell, in
the convent of the nuns of Wherwell, Winton dio-
cese; it is a benefice without cure, and compatible
with a cure; the tax of the same is lx marks.
“ Also, the canonry and prebend of Iwerne, in the
convent of the nuns of Shaftesbury, Sarum diocese;
a benefice likewise without cure, and compatible with
a cure, and so held and reputed; the tax of the same
is xxx marks sterling.
“ Also, the canonry and prebend of Swordes, in the
church of Dublin, in Ireland ; it is a benefice with-
out cure, and compatible with a cure; the tax of the
same is xc marks sterling.
Also, the provostship of Wells, with a prebend
in the church of Wells annexed to the same; the
aforesaid is a simple office, and without cure, and
compatible with another benefice with cure, and so it
is held and reputed; the tax of the provostship with
the prebend annexed to it, is lxviii marks sterling;
and out of the fruits and produce of the said provost-
ship are paid to fourteen canons for their prebends,
and to the vicars and to other ministers of that church,
yearly cxxv marks sterling.
“ Also, the aforesaid Sir William of Wykeham did
hold at the time of the date of the aforesaid monition,
by collation of our lord the illustrious king of Eng-
land, the canonry and prebend of Alnethle, in the
1 In Shaftesbury was a convent of Benedictines, founded by King
Alfred, A.D. 888; the abbey was dedicated to St. Mary and St. Edward
the Martyr. It was granted, 1 Edward VI, to William, earl of South-
ampton.-Tanner's Notitia Monastica ; Dorset, xxiii.



26
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
king's free chapel of Bridgenorth, Coventry and Lich-
field diocese; it is a benefice without cure, and com-
patible with a cure, and the same being of the king's
patronage, he hath wholly resigned and quitted in
form of law, as well really as verbally; and that the
tax of the same, the episcopal registers, as well those
of our lord the king as those of our lord the pope's
nuncio in England, having been searched, and all
requisite diligence by him used in the same, could
not be made appear, nor doth appear; wherefore the
true and common value of the said prebend he hath
exhibited unto us, Simon, bishop of London, afore-
said, that it extendeth annually to xxiiil. vis. viiid.
sterling.
Also, the said Sir William did hold, by virtue of
apostolical dispensation unto him in this behalf suffi-
ciently made and granted, at the time of the date of
the monition aforesaid and since, the parish church
of Menheniot, Exeter diocese, at that time of lay
patronage; it is a benefice with cure, and not com-
patible with another cure, but the same church he
hath wholly resigned and simply quitted in form of
law, as well really as verbally; the tax of the same
is viiil. sterling.
Also, he did obtain a rescript, or bull apostolical,
in the time of our lord Pope Innocent V, of happy
memory, directed to the bishop elect of St. David's,
to examine the said William personally, and if he
should be found duly qualified, to grant unto him
the canonry and prebend of Auckland, Durham dio-
cese, which formerly Thomas de Brydekylt, alias de
Karlelis, held in the said church during his life, but

LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
27
by virtue of the same he since hath neither had col-
lation, nor hath he possession of the said canonry and
prebend, nor hath he in any wise had, neither in-
tendeth to have hereafter, nor in any manner make
use of the said rescript or bull apostolical; the tax or
value is not known.”—Lowth, p. 33-6.
p
The benefices which he held were sinecures; he
had voluntarily resigned the parochial charge of
Menheniot, and the valuable prebend of Auckland;
he was canon of Lincoln, York, Southwell, Beverley,
St. Paul's, Sarum, Wherwell, Shaftesbury, St. Pa-
trick's, and Wells, and archdeacon of Lincoln: the
former benefices did not necessitate residence; and
the duties of archidiaconal visitation by so scrupulous
and good a man as Wykeham was, would not be neg-
lected by him although a dweller in the king's palace.
In this very year, by a bull dated December 11th, the
pope, Urban V, using probably the very words of his
nuncio, Monsignor de Cabrespino (sent to England
for the express purpose of conducting the papal visi-
tation of all benefices), addresses Wykeham in these
high terms of commendation :-“ Tu apud nos de
literarum scientiâ, vitæ ac morum honestate, spiri-
tualium providentiâ, et temporalium circumspectione,
fide dignis testimoniis multipliciter commendatus.”-
Lowth, App. No. V, p. vii.
One of the king's council, and a commissioner at
the treaty of Bretigny, was Sir Richard le Vache;
Edward made Wykeham the guardian of his son.
Pat. 39, E. iij, Pars. 2d : Rex concessit Clico suo Willo
de Wykeham custodiam oium terrarū et ten. cum ptin.
in Com. Bucks et Cantabr. que fuerant Rici le Vache



28
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
milit. defuncti ad legitimam ætat. Phil. fil. et hered.
ipsius. 21 Jan.—MS. Harl. 6960, f. 148, al. 75.
The time was now come when he was to be ad-
vanced to high station in church and state. With-
out patrimony or inheritance, his own pains, fidelity,
and unwearied industry, had been his only recom-
mendation to the favour of princes. His tender years
were ordered in the fear of God: we first hear of him
“preventing the morning watches”, to offer up prayers
to heaven; he was one of those rare men who are
unspoiled by good fortune and prosperity; one, about
whom men cannot keep silence, whom ages to come
will admire as we do now; one, whose voice is heard
and whose presence is felt in his life and works of
mercy; and, even in death, speaks in those noble
foundations which he raised to God's glory. He
believed himself God's almoner. He gathered only
to spend for the benefit of his fellows. Now we are
to see him summoned, from being the architect of
fortresses and palaces, to that station wherein he will
build up the cloister and the church, fertilizing and
blessing wherever he comes and lives and rests, mak-
ing all to taste and prosper by his bounty, example,
and goodness. Selfish motives and temporary ends
he cast from him ; he is one whom England should
look upon with a sacred love, and whose memory she
may take home to her heart without reproach or
fear. A greater power than of earth must have sup-

a
1 Edvardus rex tertius, anno domini millesimo coco. lxvjo. civitate
Wintoniæ privata suo Antistite, disponente Divina gratia videns et con-
siderans Gulielmum prædictum, suum officium prudenter agentem et
fidelissimum sibi, sedi Winton viis et modis licitis prout decuit præficere
procuravit.-MS. Hist.
1365.]
29
LIFE OF WYKEHAM. .
-
ported him in a sore probation. He had been a
dependant on the favour of a court; lords had been
his comrades; but he preserved his independence as
an ecclesiastic. With a lofty genius, capable of plan-
ning and achieving mighty things, set in high places
the most seductive to the enterprising mind, the
wise head and sound heart of Wykeham neither
grew confused nor yielded to temptation. There can
be no doubt of his powers, his address, the extent of
his accomplishments; for, says Froissart:
Ther was a preest about the kyng of England, called
Sir Wyllyam Wycan, who was so great with the kynge,
that all thyng was done by hym, and without hym
nothinge done.—Lord Berner's Froissart, Cron., cap.
CCXLIV,
vol. i, p. 364; Lond. 1812.
There can be no question of his influence with the
king; his greatest praise is, that he will be remem-
bered as one of the best known of Christian bishops
in any age, the mild benefactor of his country. The
morose Wyccliffe sneers at his elevation in his tract,
"why poor priests have no benefices”. “Yet lords
wolen not present a clerk able of kunning of God's
law, but a ketchen clerk, or a penny clerk, or wise
in building castles, or worldly doing, though he
kunne not reade well his sauter.”
In 1365 Wykeham received the following mark
of royal favour, besides the gift of the manor of
Henley.

39 Edw. iij. P. 1. Rex omnibus salutem. Considerantes
qualiter dilectus clericus noster Will. de Wykeham,
Custos Privati Sigilli nostri, præter officium illud circà
diversa officia privata negotia nostra tangentia, de
30
[1367
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
quibus ipsum specialiter oneravimus, et circa quorum
executionem et expeditionem labores et sumptus exces-
sivos sustinuit, et ipsum indies sustinere oportebit, ac
volentes providè ei, sicut convenit, in auxilium sup-
portacionis hujusmodi onerum providere, concessimus
ei xx solidos percipiendos singulis diebus ad Scacca-
rium nostrum à xº. Junii regni nostri xxxvii quamdiù
officia et onera subierit supradicta, eo non obstante quòd
de intrinsecâ familiâ nostrâ moratur. 14 Mart.—MS.
Harl. 6960, f. 73, al, 143.
The primatial throne of Canterbury was left vacant
on April 26th, 1366; but the health of Edyngdon
was fast declining, and on October 8th, 1366, the see
of Winchester was left without a bishop. The heart
of Wykeham, we may believe, had been ever fixed in
fond remembrance upon the scenes of his boyhood,
and his lips given utterance to that affectionate feel-
ing, so that his royal patron knew that he should
better please him by recommending him to the chapter
of St. Swithin’s, than if he had procured for him the
pall of Canterbury
The prior and convent of St. Swithin’s, upon the
royal recommendation, at once elected Wykeham
Edyngdon's successor. The congé d'élire bears the
date October 13th (Harl. MS. 6960, fol. 78), and the
king's approval was made eleven days after (ibid.,
fol. 78). The pope, on December 11th, named him
administrator of the spiritualities, and the primate
admitted him in that capacity on February 22nd,
1366-7; the charge of the temporalities had been
already granted to him by his patron.
Pat. 40, E. iij, Pars 2a. Rex pro quadam magna pecunie
summa quam Will. de Wykeham Archdūs Linc. in

1367.]
31
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Camera regis et præsentia ejus pro expedcõe arduorū
negotiorum pre manibus solvit concessit eidem custodiam
Epātus Wint. vacantis a tempe mortis Will. de Edyndon
1 Dec.—MS. Harl. 6960, f. 157.
Rex ad rogationem W. de Wykeham Archidiaconi
Lincoln, Secretarii regis, concedit Priori et Conventui
S. Swythuni Winton. licenciam adquirendi terras ad
valorem 50 lib. per annum. Nov. 6, 40 Edw. iij. P. 1.
-MS. Harl. 6960, f. 79.
The appointment of bishops was the frequent
cause of unhappy conflicts of the papal with the
temporal power. The actual and sole right of naming
the successor to a vacant diocese was the subject of
dispute,— the pope claiming to advance the elect
person by way of his provision and reservation; the
king insisting upon the absolute renunciation of any
title to the temporalities grounded upon the autho-
rity of a bull. Hence mutual jealousies, protracted
feuds and evils ensued, extensive and pernicious con-
sequences. In the case of Wykeham, Urban, by a
provisory bull, and Edward, by royal letters addressed
to the convent of St. Swithin, both designed to
bestow upon him the mitre of Winton. The diffi-
culty was how to reconcile the matter at issue. It
so happened that the Duke of Bourbon, a hostage
from the King of France, was at this time in France,
having received permission to reside in his country
for one year, and the period of his absence from
England had been lately prolonged at the express
desire of the pope. To him, therefore, the king wrote
letters, promising him that he would deal gently with
him touching his ransom, if he would intercede with
his holiness, and procure his consent to the consecra-



32
[1367.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
tion of Wykeham. The duke, overjoyed at "these
agreeable tidings, set forth without delay to the city
of Avignon ; so well did he plead with Urban, that
it was not long before he once more appeared at the
English court, requiring first the terms of his own
freedom before he laid the bull before the king. Ten
thousand scudi, to be paid January 28th, 1367-8, and
thrice that sum, in three equal payments, to be dis-
bursed within the year, were named as the price of
of his freedom (Rymer, iii, P. II, p. 143). He set sail
for his own dear land; and there was joy in the royal
palace and in the convent of St. Swithun, when the
long desired parchment roll, with the leaden seal at-
tached by its particoloured ribbands, was laid upon
the table of the council. Before he received the
mitre, Wykeham was elevated to the high office of
lord chancellor of England, being confirmed, accord-
ing to Mr. Hardy, between September 10th and
17th, 1367.
An account of the new chancellor's breakfast is
preserved in Domestic Deeds, No. 162, Record Office,
Westminster.

Memorandum of divers things bought for the breakfast
of the Lord Chancellor and Treasurer, William de
Wykeham, and of many other “ Magnates” of the
council of the lord the king, had at Westminster, the
12th day of May, in the 41st year (Edward III).
Bread—In divers loaves bought, 6 shillings.
Butlery.—In 30 gallons of ale bought, price of the gal-
lon 20—5 shillings. Also in boatage of divers things
belonging to the butlery to Westminster at various times,
4 pence.
.
Kitchen.-In ox flesh bought, 10s. 2d. For the flesh
of two calves, 9s. For two carcases of sheep, 8s. For

1367.]
33
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
12 capons, 9s. 6d. For 12 geese, 8s. 6d. For three
goats, 6s. 9d. For 10 buzzards, 33s. 4d. For 24 doves,
3s. 6d. For 18 rabbits, 4s. 1d. For one lamb, 16d.
For 16 fowls, 4s. For basting bought for the said
birds, 6d. For 2 cod, 3s. For three small pikes, 8s.
,
Also for 8 playce, 3s. 6d. Also for one turbot, 3s. Also
for
conger, 3s. 6d. Also for 3 doreys, 6s. For fresh
salmon, 3s. For 200 shrimps, 20d. For eels, 12d. Also
in the purchase of divers sauces, 8d. In the purchase
of divers spices, 41d. Also in fuel and coal, 3s. 10d.
Also in salt, 2d. Also for porterage and boatage of all
the things aforesaid from London, and from the lord's
house to Westminster, 18d. Also in fat, 10d. Also in
porterage and boatage by John, the cook, 5d.
Sum, £7. 14s. 1 d.
Also for the work of 5 officers, 30s.
Sum total, £9. 4s. 1 d.


Within the whole circuit of England, there was
not another church so grand and beautiful as the
cathedral of St. Paul in London. Magnificent be-
yond description appears to have been its nave, of pro-
digious length, branching out on either hand into
double aisles, its vaulting raised to a vast height,
permitting the view of the whole extent of this nobly
proportioned temple to be uninterruptedly enjoyed
by the delighted eye, until the long vista was closed
by the great eastern rose-window, glowing with colours
rich as varied in their tint. It was early on the morn-
ing of October 10th, in the year 1367, the interior yet
obscure, save where the gorgeous windows, brilliant
as enamel and the jeweller's work, or the pages of the
illuminated missal on the altar, threw broad streams of
many-coloured light upon the marble floors and the
attendants, who were apparelling the church with



D
34
[1367.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
tapestries and hangings, as though in readiness for
some high festival. One comes to-day to receive the
mitre, who, with the same intellect wherewith he
sustains the government and sits at the council of his
prince, shall rule over the Church; one, whose sacred
office, the earnest of integrity, had recommended him
to occupy the highest place in the state ; trained in
the best school for the man of business which those
times afforded, when the ecclesiastic was also the
expounder of law and equity, and the chief laity had
no knowledge save of the soldier's steel and harness,
or the mysteries of the mimic warfare of the chase;-
one comes who is what Wolsey, Ximenes, and Riche-
lieu, shall be in after days; but, unlike the cardinal
statesmen, will be remembered only as the church-
man, the holy prelate, the benefactor of his native
land. The splendid procession sweeps by; the
primate, Simon de Langham, in his pall, with crozier
borne before him ; the consecrating prelates of Lon-
don and Sarum, Simon Sudbury and Robert Wyville;
William elect of Winton ; acolyte and priest, banner,
and taper, and incense. The service of the choir is
heard rising up and echoing along the pealing vaults,
and fills with its strains the distant chapels and the
farthest shrines. And now, amid the fragrant clouds
.
that veil the altar, and the mitred forms that stand
before it, is seen a kneeling man; and the oil is
poured upon his head, and the robes of a bishop are
put upon him, and a hundred singers change the
solemn Veni Creator for the triumphant Te Deum : the
minstrels smite upon their instruments, the organ
lifts its mighty voice, the bells pour in their har-


1368.]
35
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
;
mony, the vast cathedral bursts into music, and the
assembled multitudes bow down beneath his bene-
diction. The poor child of Waltham hath risen up
the bishop of princely Winchester.
There are no remains of the great hall of Lambeth
Palace (Juxon's more recent fabric occupies the site)
wherein, upon that day, Langham held the feast of
consecration with all magnificence; and little thought
he, that, nurtured by the bounty of that man whom
he delighted to honour, four (Chicheley, Deane,
,
Warham, and Howley) should sit in the primatial
chair of Canterbury. He received the temporalities
two days after :
Pat. 41, E. iij. Pars 2a.. Rex restituit tempal Willo
de Wykeham Epo Winton. 12 Oct.—MS. Harl. 6960,
f. 82; Rymer, iii, p. II, p. 139.
It was not until July 9, 1368, that the venerable
William de Askeby, archdeacon of Northampton,
acting by commission from the cardinal archbishop
of Canterbury's procurator general, enthroned him in
his cathedral church, acknowledging him bishop by
election, confirmation, and consecration. Happier

1 “Favore et beneficiis ecclesiasticis ab Edwardo rege, cui diutiùs
fideliter inservierat, adeò cumulatus, ut anno 1366 mense Junio præter
Archidiaconatum Lincoln. valoris annui 350 librarum, 13 præbendas è
pinguioribus in variis ecclesiis cathedralibus, et ecclesiam de Manyhynet
in dioecesi Oxon. tenuisse memoretur (Registr. Langham.) Electionem
ejus nescio quam ob causam Papa diù confirmare distulit; a Rege tamen
interpellatus administrationem episcopatûs eidem contulit 1366, 11 Dec.
quo nomine spiritualia Sedis Winton. Willelmus ab Archiepiscopo Cant.
accepit 1367, 22 Febr. Post integrum annum Urbanus Papa electione
dissimulata episcopatum illi provisionis titulo donavit 1367, 12 Julii.
Consecratus est Londini in ecclesiâ S. Pauli à Simone Archiepiscopo
1367, 10 Octobr."-Wharton, Anglia Sacra, P. 1, p. 317; Cont. Hist.
Winton.

D 2
36
[1368
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
that day to Wykeham than all the pomp of St. Paul's,
or the feasting in Lambeth, if, as we may well believe,
his aged parents came from Waltham to look upon
their son exalted to his high dignity!
With a commendable prudence, imperative in those
stormy times, Wykeham demanded of the king an
assurance in writing, that, in all those offices from
which he now withdrew, he had borne himself with
honour and integrity unimpeachable. The king, by
letters patent, dated May 22nd, 1368, gave to him a
full acquittance and discharge.—Pat. 42, Edw. III,
P. 1, m. 5. Ayscough MS. 4590, N. 40.
He now, doubtless, relinquished all his former
ecclesiastical preferments. As appears from his seals,
upon his accession to the episcopate he still used two
-

cort
mongo
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woning
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WWE
chevronels between three roses (the chevron, or car-
penter's couple, as Nicholas Upton, the herald, wrote,
being “ signum per carpentarios et domorum factores
portatum”), in allusion to his knowledge of architec-
ture, to which he owed his rise and fortune.
1 The black, as King Henry VI observes in giving the colour to the
arms of Eton, denotes perpetuity. The roses typify brotherly love.
1368.]
37
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Of all the beautiful rooms in the old palace of
Westminster, none exceeded in richness of decoration
the ancient painted chamber, wherein, it was said,
St. Edward the Confessor had passed from earth. His
enthronization and coronation were represented in
frescoes upon the walls; figures of saints standing
beneath canopies lined the deeply-embayed windows,
the floor was paved with tessellated tiles, the roof
glowed with a profusion of rich colours and gilded
panelling; curious tapestry, showing the siege of Troy,
hung to about half their height, added to the effect
of the walls painted with the wars of the Maccabees.
The Norman kings had sat in council there. In 1364,
the commons had met within it. On May 27, 1369,
in the octave of the feast of the Holy Trinity, it was
occupied by the king and both houses of parliament.
The Black Prince had laid a tax upon his subjects
in Gascoigne, called “hearth, or chimney money”.
The perfidious Charles V persuaded the Gascon barons
to demand redress at his hands, and proceeded to
summon Edward before the court of peers at Paris,
there to make answer to his accusers; or, in default,
forfeit his possessions.
The king of France had thus defied the power of
England. Ponthieu, that had cost King Edward
100,000 francs to defend, was in revolt, and for the
most part conquered by the French ; the Scots were
in alliance with Charles, and prepared to ma
descent on the northern parts of the realm. Archers
and men-at-arms were despatched to the frontier; a
well-manned fleet cruised in the British channel.
The king had assembled his nobles and faithful

38
[1369.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
commons to demand of them whether he should
not resume the style and title of King of France.
The parliament was to be opened by the newly-
appointed chancellor. His predecessors had been
wont to preface their addresses by a text of Holy
Scripture. Wykeham, with his strong natural sense,
broke through the custom, and delivered his speech
like a statesman, avoiding the dull wordiness and
pedantic quotations hitherto indulged in by eccle-
siastics in his office. He spoke with a manly cou-
rage, directly keeping to his subject, after this man-

ner:
“ Sirs, my lord the king hath always, in his greatest
affairs, used the counsel of his lords and commons,
having ever found them good and loyal unto him, for
which also he doth give them hearty thanks. It is
very well known unto you how our lord the king, by
the counsel of his parliament, touching his claim and
title which he hath in the realm of France, did make
his last peace with his enemy the king thereof, on
certain condition, to wit, that by such a set day his
enemy should render up unto him certain lands and
countries beyond the seas; and by such a time,
according to the treaty, should pay unto the king
certain sums of money; and, moreover, that he should
never hereafter pretend to any jurisdiction or so-
vereignty over Gascoigne, or the parts beyond seas
thereabout: in consideration whereof, the king, for
his part, should, from thenceforth, lay aside the title
and style of France, which he accordingly hath done.
Now, whereas our lord the king hath not slacked his
duty, yet his enemy hath done contrariwise ; for

1369.]
39
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
neither hath he delivered up the countries and lands
for which covenant was made; nor hath he made
full and due payment of the said moneys; and also
he hath summoned the Earl of Armagnac, the Lord
de la Bret, and sundry others, who are of the king's
allegiance, to answer to certain appeals at Paris; nay,
further, he hath summoned the prince of Aquitaine
himself to appear among the rest. Besides all these
things, he hath sent armed men, who wage war in
Gascoigne, and have taken by violence, and still do
hold, towns, and castles, and walled places ; have laid
hands upon the lieges of the king: some they have
killed, some they put in prison, and on divers of them
have they set grievous ransoms; and, moreover, he
hath now lately sent certain soldiers into the country
of Ponthieu, where he hath surprised divers of the
king's garrisons and towns. Whereupon the prince
hath sent messengers to his father, our lord the king,
to tell him hereof, and also that he had taken counsel
with the wisest men of his princedom whether our
lord the king might not resume and take the style of
king of France; and they answered that he might do
it of right and with good faith. Wherefore the king
chargeth my lord of Canterbury, my lords the bishops,
the nobles and commonalty of the realm, to take
counsel together concerning the matter, and declare
unto him their agreement herein. The king, more-
over, willing, as the custom hath been at these times,
that all, who are grieved herein, should make peti-
tion, and be answered thereto, hath assigned receivers
thereof, and certain lords and others as triers of the
same."--Ro. Parl., ii, 43 Edward III,


p. 299.
40
[1369.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
On the Wednesday after, the bishops, lords and
commons,
with one consent made answer to the king,
that “he might with a good conscience take unto him
again the style and title of King of France, and use
his arms as heretofore.” New seals were engraved
with that superscription, and delivered in presence of
the chancellor to the chamberlains of the Exchequer.
-Rymer, iii, P. 11, p. 157.
He spoke also upon the rising of Parliament to
this effect (Ro. Parl., ii, p. 301). This being the
shortest speech of Wykeham's recorded in the par-
liamentary rolls, we give it in the original Norman
French:

Sires, le Roi eant bone connaisance et memoire de
touz pleinz de fides, grantz travalx, mises et constages,
qe les seignrs et comunes de son roialme lui avoient fait
et sustenuz tout son temps, come lour fu monstre, et
voillant ptant et p les causes desus nomez faire a eux
p
ascun recompensation, ordeine, voet, grant, et acord,
qe touz les seigñrs et autres persones, de quel estat,
degre, condition, ou nation q'ils soient, meyntenantz sa
partie et querele contre ses enemys de France, eient et
tiegnent heritablement quan qe ils recoverent et con-
querront sur ses ditz enemys, soient duchees, countees,
viscontees, citees, villes, chastiaux, forteresces, ou sei-
gnuries, assises deinz le dit roialme de France, p que-
conqe noun ou title q'ils soient appelez, a tenir a eux et
lour heirs et successeurs, de roi et ses ditz heirs toutes
les domains, regalitees, services, homages, devoirs, re-
sortz, et sovereintees appurtenantz as rois et a la corone
de France; et aussi exceptez et reservez les terres et
possessions de Seinte Eglise; et de touz ces qe sanz
ascun constreinte ou difficulte voillent obeier, aherder,
et demorer a l'obeissance le roi de lour bon gre et
franche volunte, et lui eider de fait, conseiller, et con-

1369.]
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
41
sorter en la pursuite de sa dite querelle, et a le recoverir
a
de son droit avant dit. Et aussi le roi voet, accorde, et
promette loialment, q'il ferra et dura bones et suffice-
antes lettres et chartres particulers sur lour dit con-
quest, et de ses ditz grant, accorde, et ordonnance, a
toutes les personnes qe les voillent avoir ou demander,
a toutes les foitz q’il ferra sur ce requis sanz ascun
difficulte.

On June 4th, 1368, the bishop of Worcester took
the oath of allegiance in the presence of Wykeham
and the Duke of Lancaster (Rymer, iii, P. 11, p. 148),
and on August 24th, the treaty of peace with Scot-
land was signed by Wykeham.—Ib. p
163.
The king also marked his sense of Wykeham's
merit by a grant of lands:
Rex dedit Willelmo de Wykeham Episcopo Winton.
omnia terras et tenementa in Mikelham, Com. Surr. quæ
nuper fuerunt Johannis filii Rogeri de Aperdele, jun.
qui feloniam fecit et utlagatus fuit, habenda sibi et
hæredibus et assignatis suis. 1 Feb. 43 Edw. iii, P. 1.
36 f. 89.

The lion-hearted prince, when summoned to appear
at the court of Charles, made reply, that he would
come—but with an helmet on his head, and with
60,000 men behind him. Our story lies not with armed
men and battles, siege or march ; suffice it to say, it
,
was a war of races; Ponthieu revolted, cities threw
open their gates. Worn down with a dangerous and
lingering sickness, the gallant Edward was compelled
to return home: a truce was made: and except on the
towers of Bordeaux, Bayonne, and Calais, the lilies
of France waved in the place of England's golden
lions. Charles threatened to hang his challenge on
42
[1370.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
the gates of London. A Parliament was called in
haste, and on February 24th, 1370-1 (Ro. Parl., ii,
p. 303), Wykeham once more addressed the lords
and commons: he declared how, since their last session,
the king had defrayed vast sums of money, and had
sent a great army into France, for the recovery and
conquest of that which was his own of right: and
how that the king had been perfectly informed that
his enemy had make great preparation of war, where-
with to drive him forth of his inheritance beyond the
seas; and also had gathered very many galleys and
great, ships, wherewith he designed to subject unto
him all the whole realm of England. Wherefore the
king did require and charge his lords and commons
to give unto him good and faithful counsel in these
matters.
Priest and layman cast in an offering to the amount
of £100,000 for the defence of the kingdom. During
the apprehension of a foreign invasion, the lords and
commons bethought them that a layman should be
preferred to ecclesiastics in the conduct of civil affairs ;
they therefore petitioned that none but secular men
from henceforth might be the chief officers of the
king's court and household, and more especially chan-
cellor, treasurer, or privy-seal, lest mischief betide, to
the disherison of the crown and harm of the king-
dom; saving always the king's royal prerogatives
freely to choose and remove those officers, provided
they be of the laity only, and not occupied with
spiritual matters. The king answered, that “he
would do therein by advice of his counsel.” It is
most probable that the noble-minded Wykeham, who


1371.]
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
43
possessed the public confidence, at once surrendered
the seals, sacrificing his high place to the desire of
peace and concord. The crown summoned laymen
learned in the law to take the place of the ecclesias-
tics; they were not sufficient, and the churchmen
were in the sequel again recalled. Wykeham grace-
fully attended the inauguration of his successor.

1371. E. iij. de Liberatione Magni Sigilli.
Memorandum quòd, venerabilis pater, Willielmus,
Episcopus Wyntoniensis, Cancellarius domini regis, die
lunæ, viz. xiiijº. die Martii, circa horam iijam. anno
præsenti, eidem domino regi, apud Westmonasterium,
in quâdam privatâ camerâ ipsius regis, super pontem
reginæ, juxta aquam Thamesis situatâ, vocatâ la Rede-
chambre, in præsentiâ,
Venerabilis patris, Thomæ, Episcopi Exoniensis,
Ricardi, Comitis Arundellæ,
Humfridi, Comitis Herefordiæ,
Henrici le Scrop, Senescalli hospitii regis,
Ricardi le Scrop,
Ricardi de Pembrigg, Camerarii hospitii regis,
et Helmyngi Leget, Receptoris cameræ ipsius regis,
liberavit Magnum Sigillum ejusdem regis in quâdam
bursâ de corio inclusum, et sigillo prædicti Episcopi
signatâ;
Quod quidem sigillum, sic inclusum et signatum,
idem rex ab eodem episcopo recepit, et postmodùm,
die Mercurii proximo sequenti, idem rex dominum
Robertum de Thorp, militem, Cancellarium suum con-
stituit, et sigillum prædictum in camerâ prædictâ eidem
Roberto, in præsentiâ venerabilium patrum, Willielmi
Wyntoniensis, etc. manu suâ tradidit ; qui, prestito
super hoc sacramento, dictum sigillum recepit, et, die
Jovis proximo sequenti, in Magnâ Aulâ Westmonasterii,
ubi placea Cancellariæ habetur, præsentibus præfato
Episcopo Wyntoniensi ac Clericis Cancellariæ, dictam

44
[1373.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
bursam aperiri, et dictum sigillum inde extrahi, et
literas patentes et brevia consignari fecit.—Rymer, iii,
P. II, p. 181.
Issue Roll, 44 Edw. iij. Wednesday, 13 Feb.
To Adam de Hertyngdon, clerk of the king's
works at Windsor Castle, by one tally raised
Adam de this day, in the name of William de Wyke-
Hertyngdon ham, late Archdeacon of Lincoln, containing
10 marks, delivered to the same clerk for the
said works.
£6. 13s. 4d.

It was not until March 28th, that he surrendered
up the two great and the two privy seals to the king.
Edward, by letters dated April 27th, issued his sum-
mons to Wykeham to attend a great council to be
held at Winton, for the purpose of determining by
what ways and means £50,000 might be levied,
according to the grant of parliament. Three bishops
.
only were bidden, and one of them was Wykeham.
On July 27th, 1371, Wykeham delivered into the
king's hands the manor of Wendover, which he had
been commissioned to purchase (Abbrev. Ro. Orig., ii,
316). On June 25th, 1372, the charter giving cer-
tain lands in exchange for the earldom of Richmond
to the Duke of Lancaster, was signed by Wykeham
(Rymer, iii, P. 11, 199). In 1373, on July 20th, he
received directions to desire his clergy to take pre-
cautions for the defence of the sea-coasts against any
descents by the French.—Ibid., P. III, p. 13.
He was equally respected and beloved by the
commons and the powerful Duke of Lancaster; the


1 The tower at the western end of the north terrace in the lower ward
of Windsor Castle bears the name of the Wykeham, or Winchester
tower.
1373.]
45
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
former, in 1373, named him, with seven other nobles,
in a petition to the crown, praying that they might
be appointed a committee, with whom the com-
monalty of the realm might confer upon the subject
of supplies to be granted to the king (Ro. Parl., ii,
p. 316). John of Gaunt certainly bore no ill-will to
Wykeham ; for when setting out on his campaigns in
France, in 1369 (Rymer, iii, P. 111, p. 6), and again
in 1373 (ibid., p. 26), he desired him to act as one of
the trustees set to administer his affairs, and have the
custody of all his castles, manors, and all other his
estates; and on March 1st, 1375, during his absence
at the court of Bruges, appointed Richard, the Earl
of Arundel, and the Bishop of Winton, his attorneys
for one year, to appear for him in any court in Eng-
land.-Ibid.
p.
26.
The perpetual hostility with France, which had
cost England so much blood and treasure, had given
great encouragement to the infidel in his wars with
the Christians; Pope Gregory XI, therefore, wrote
letters to the kings, entreating them to hold a treaty
at Calais; and, subsequently, in a message dated
January 1373, at Bruges. In vain the papal ambas-
sadors, the archbishop of Rouen, and the bishop of
Carpentras, rode between the court of Paris and the
camp of the Duke of Lancaster. In March, Pope
Gregory wrote from Avignon to Wykeham, impor-
tuning him to use his influence and good offices in
the matter. The pope had demanded 100,000 florins
as a subsidy from the English clergy; and in the
same letter he desires the bishop to hasten the pay-
ment of 60,000 florins, as had been agreed upon

46
[1374.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
at the conference of Bruges, which, he says, the
holy see will accept, on the proviso, that if peace
should be established, the remaining 40,000 florins
should be paid. Alas for England in such days of
extortion! So pressing indeed grew the evil, day by
day, so sorely were felt the abuses of Rome intrench-
ing on the royal prerogative, sapping the liberties of
the English church, and exhausting the revenues of
the kingdom to enrich strangers and enemies, that at
length the cry of the commons to the crown was
heard, and King Edward directed letters, dated April
16th, 1374, to Wykeham, desiring him to hold a
visitation of his diocese, and of all benefices and dig-
nities ecclesiastical within it, in order to certify to
the king the true valuation of the same, as many as
were held by Italians and other aliens, as well as the
names of the patrons thereof. No delay was to inter-
vene, for a certificate was to be sent into the high
court of Chancery on the feast of the Ascension next
coming. The returns presented a remarkable feature
of the times.
Now came the labour of the true man.
was one of the most ancient and venerable in the
kingdom. It is the fifth in order of ecclesiastical
rank of all the bishoprics of England. Since the
hour when St. Birinus, the apostle of Winton, built
the first church of the Holy Trinity, to that when
Str rd, after having sheltered himself in the mo-
nastery of Wilton and the woods of Waltham, was
enthroned in the chair of Canterbury, the see of
Winchester had been filled by many venerable, many
high-minded, many enthusiastic prelates. But none

His see
1374.]
47
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
greater—not even St. Ethelwold or St. Birinus them-
selves—had ever been the guardian of the see of
Winton, than he who had now been called to be their
chief pastor. He was but forty-four years of age,
with a natural genius and capacity for business,
ripened by the intercourse of courts and knowledge
of mankind, in the very prime of his powers, and full
of hope.
With singleness of purpose he devoted
himself wholly to the affairs of his diocese, which he
now took out of the hands of his commissary-general,
John de Wormenhale, and resolved to administer by
himself.
Although distinguished by acts of piety, benevo-
lence, and humility, William de Edyngdon, his pre-
decessor, bequeathed to Wykeham the task of re-
building the nave of the cathedral, which he had
himself partially begun, and of repairing the build-
ings, towers, walls, and enclosures, of the episcopal
residences; some were in ruins, some in grievous
state of decay, some had even fallen to the ground.
Besides granges, parks, and warrens, there were be-
longing to the bishops of Winchester the castles of
Wolvesey and Farnham, the palaces of Southwark
and South or Bishop's Waltham, and the manor-
houses at Merewell, Sutton, High Clere, Esher, War-
grave, and Taunton, each being capable of furnishing
accommodation to their retinue and guests, and occu-
pied in its turn. By the 6th day of February 1371-2,
the executors had paid to Wykeham for dilapidations
seven hundred marks, and in kind, cattle, and corn,
to the value of £1,660 sterling; besides delivering
over to him, as the stock of the several farms and


48
[1374.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
a
glebes, one hundred and twenty-seven horses, one
thousand five hundred and fifty-six head of black
cattle, and twelve thousand one hundred and seventy-
four sheep and lambs, which were worth at a moderate
computation £20,000 of money of the present day.
On the repairs and new buildings which Wykeham
thought necessary for the estates, he expended above
£13,000. What hospitality and housekeeping the
good bishop made, will be seen hereafter. Truly
may it be said of him, that whithersoever he went,
thither he may be followed by the perfume of his
charity. He purchased the free use of the stone
quarries at Quarrer Abbey in the Isle of Wight, and,
following the example of his royal master, he issued
circular letters to all ecclesiastics of the island, secular
as well as regular, to send as many workmen, wains,
and other necessaries for the work, as they could
supply to him. The abbot of Quarrer was appointed
surveyor and superintendent of these preparations.
In the repairs of the episcopal palaces, and in the
erection of new buildings, he expended 20,000 marks,
equivalent to £160,000 of our present money. In
1373, he held a personal visitation of his diocese,
including the secular clergy of every deanery, and
all monasteries, hospitals, and other religious houses;
and all irregularities he corrected in the following
year by means of his commissioners. Three times
in later years he visited the houses of religious, and
after each progress issued injunctions, suited to their
several needs, and designed to revive a stricter obe-
dience to the rules of their founders. The revenues
of the hospital of St. Cross, the noble foundation of


1374.]
49
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
De Blois, had been diverted from their original pur-
pose by the dishonesty and negligence of successive
masters, and it cost Wykeham six weary years of
litigation in the temporal and spiritual courts, and
appeals to the pope, to restore it to its original per-
fection. During this period, he visited the hospital
of St. Thomas, in Southwark, and that of Sandon, in
Surrey. The refractoriness and evil conduct, the eva-
sions, pleas, and appeals of the infamous De Cloune,
who, while the action was proceeding, openly plun-
dered and pulled down a part of the hospital, afford a
plain proof of the labour and difficulty, the time and
patience, exacted in those offices from Wykeham.
A little cloud lay along the horizon; it grew shortly
into a black storm. The most instructive, and not
the least glorious part of Wykeham's life, was the
manner in which he met reverse and interruption in
the midst of his work. The story of his persecutions
and his fortitude is the most touching and noble that
can be told of a Christian bishop. The reign of
Edward III was one of the longest as well as one of
the proudest recorded in the annals of the empire.
It was the golden age of chivalry, that had given
polish to the manners and heightened the courtesies
of life. It was remarkable more, perhaps, for its
domestic tranquillity. than for its splendid conquests
abroad, which indirectly contributed to the peace at
home. The restless, turbulent barons were awed by
the commanding presence of the soldier-king, and were
permitted no leisure to foster rebellion during the
perpetual foreign wars. The people beheld their
representative parliaments assembled more frequently


E
50
[1376.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
than had been wont in former reigns, and were fas-
cinated by his munificence and affable address; and
the national pride caught his ambition, and was gra-
tified by the sight of captive kings and the trophies
of victory, which gave a loftier tone to the feelings,
and imparted new strength and lustre to the name
of England. The fatigues of his youth had impaired
his constitution, and brought premature infirmities
upon the widowed king. The brilliant reign was
doomed to a melancholy close. In the weakness of
age he had yielded up the administration of affairs to
his second son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,
deservedly unpopular with the nation; there was a
general fear that the duke's ambition would lead him
to aspire to the crown. The hero of Cressy, Poictiers,
and Najara, the flower of English chivalry, was fast
dying. With a father's love, he desired to learn of
a surety, ere he departed, that his child Richard
would inherit the crown which he should himself
It was King Edward's jubilee, and after
a recess of two years, the parliament met on April
28th, 1376. The first subject of debate was to
inquire how the king could best provide for the
government of the realm. The commons met in the
Chapter-house of St. Peter's Abbey, in Westminster,
and petitioned the king to entertain ten or twelve
counsellors, to aid him with their advice, and be ever
about his person; the king assented, and Wykeham
was one of the nine nobles and prelates chosen on
the occasion to superintend the conduct of affairs.
While they renewed their subsidies for three years
longer, they made complaint, that if the king had

have worn.

1376.]
51
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
possessed faithful officers and ministers, there would
have been no lack of money in the royal treasury, or
present need of so large grants. William, Lord
Latimer, the lord chamberlain, was sentenced to a
fine of 20,000 marks, and imprisonment in the Mar-
shalsea, on charges of clandestine traffic, oppression,
and corruption; and Alice Piers was banished the
court. Latimer and Alice were the Duke of Lan-
caster's chief friends and confederates. The blow
was levelled at him; and the people hailed the deci-
sion with joy, calling the session that of the “Good
Parliament”.
About this period, William of Wykeham was di-
rected by the king to hold a visitation of the royal
free chapel of St. Stephen, in Westminster, to correct
abuses, to punish delinquents, and to reform all that
was amiss; the number of chaplains and clerks having
been diminished, the ornaments of Divine Service
wasted and destroyed, and the lands and tenements
ill-cared for. He was required to certify his acts to
the king in chancery, the sheriff of Middlesex being
required to convene a jury at the said chapel. -
Pat. 50, Edw. III, P. 1, m. 3, dorso.
This was the last act of favour shown to him by
the old king. On the 8th of June, being Trinity
Sunday, in the great chamber of the palace of West-
minster, wasted by a burning fever, lay expiring the
Black Prince; the pulse growing quicker and more
feeble, the cheek parched and dry, the brow hotter,
and by the couch, speaking good words and offering
holy prayers, knelt Wykeham, whom he named as
the executor of his will. Night came, and the thick




E 2
52
[1376.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
shadows grew over the rush-strewn floor, the heavy
breathing ceased, and ere the morning came there
was a deathy stillness in the chamber, and mass was
being sung for the dead in St. Stephen's Chapel.
His young boy, who had not yet seen ten summers,
was led from the bier on St. John Baptist's Day
before the parliament, and the commons with one
voice prayed the lords to declare him Prince of
Wales, and heir-apparent to the crown. The father
was laid to his rest near the shrine of St. Thomas;
but his dying wish, and the petition of the commons,
were granted; for on November 20th, at his Castle
of Havering atte Bower, King Edward inaugurated
Richard of Bourdeaux Prince of Wales, and at the
feast on Christmas Day set him at his right hand
above the princes his own children. The parliament
rose in July, and John of Gaunt feared no longer his
brave brother; he and Alice Piers went down to see
the king, who lay at Eltham, with a heart mourning
for his dead son, and a mind enfeebled by his sick-
ness: what they bade him do, that he did he was
looking for the peaceful grave. The council of faith-
ful men was dismissed. Sir Peter de la Mare, knight
of Hereford and steward to Lord March, who had
boldly impeached in the commons the Lord Latimer,
with zeal, eloquence, and ability, was hurried to the
cells of Nottingham Castle; his patron, the Earl of
March, was fain to lay down his marshall's staff, and
seek safety in retirement; the duke's chief wrath
and vindictive malice were reserved for Wykeham,
the friend of his brother, the steadfast adherent of
the king, the beloved of the people. The familiar

1376.]
53
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
friend, known for years of intimacy and mutual con-
fidence, warped by ambition, had become changed
into an open enemy. All the reforms made under
the late administration were set aside; those con-
cerned in them were the objects of the Duke of
Lancaster's political persecution. At the commence-
ment of the next Michaelmas term, the duke induced
his party to advance eight articles against the bishop,
charging him with various acts of pecuniary defalca-
tion, and other kinds of misgovernment, during the
period of his office as keeper of the privy-seal and
lord chancellor. He was accused of misapplying the
ransoms of the kings of France and Scotland, and the
duchy of Burgundy, and leaving a bare treasury;
—the precise charge made against the duke's party in
the last parliament, which they had dexterously
shifted off while in power upon the shoulders of
Wykeham, who had never been treasurer of England,
-requiring him to be accountable for disbursements
made before ever he came into any office of the state.
He was accused of having imposed fines upon soldiers
who had served with merit, and driving them in dis-
gust to form free companies in France, and so renew
the war; of causing the French hostages to be set
at liberty; of neglecting to send timely succour into
the county of Ponthieu, which was in consequence
thereof lost to England; and lessening fines, and re-
mitting the king's rents; and of buying up the king's
debts with the king's money for his own profit. Acts
of the king's generosity; the conquered province
revolting to their countrymen ; the misconduct of
soldiers in time of peace; the voluntary dismissal,


54
[1376.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
a
escape, or breach of parole of hostages; were thus
basely made subjects of accusation. The accusers
were nameless. The court was composed of prelates,
lords, and members of the privy council, appointed
by the king (Rymer, iii, P. III, p. 54). There was
one charge yet to be noticed, upon which alone they
gave judgment; the other articles were significantly
suffered to drop, there was neither proof nor evi-
dence. They were a tissue of untruths.
The accusations were begun, as if more than a
million of money was at stake; they resolved them-
selves into a petty matter of £40. John Grey, of
Rotherfield, in consideration of a licence of feoffment
of certain lands and tenements, paid a fine of £80
into the hanaper (Rymer, Foedera, iii, P. III, p. 67);
the bishop desired the clerk to refund to him £40,
on the ground of some agreement between them.
The act was done in open day. There was an irre-
gularity in the form of procedure, and his enemies
triumphed. Judgment was given against him. On
November 17th, writs issued from the Exchequer,
desiring the sheriffs of the several counties to seize
for the king's use the temporalities of the see of
Winton. Wykeham was desired to attend again on
January 20th, next ensuing, when further inquisition
was to be made (Rymer, iii, P. III, p. 54). He was
forbidden to approach within twenty miles of the
king's court. The messenger arrived with the tidings
in the middle of December, and Wykeham retired to
the house of Robert de Wyndesore, prior of the
Austin Friars at Merton, and shortly after to the
Cistercian Abbey of Waverley, in Surrey. Early in


1376.]
55
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
January, however, he was at his palace in Southwark,
preparing his defence, when word was brought from
the king, that the council was prorogued to a further
day. They would no more meet the innocent face
to face.
The bishop went back to the old grey abbey; and
often might he be seen walking in deep thought
backwards and forwards under the leafless oaks and
snow-laden firs, breathing the soft air of the mild
winter mornings, and musing over his great designs,
till the ideas grew and gathered form and power, and
he graved out the mould which should set its stamp
on ages yet to come. Perhaps, too, he thought of
the final rest of the winter of life, when its course
should be fully finished and done, and all would be
loss but truth and the love of God; and the heart
revived with the ennobling thought of the high cause
that lay so dear within it, and the hope that even yet
duteous children should build his tomb, and perpe-
tuate his name from generation to generation.
Meanwhile, the Parliament met on January 27th,
obsequious and pliant, composed of the duke's adhe-
rents elected at his pleasure, or of members intimi-
dated by his power. When the friends of Sir Peter
de la Mare proposed that he should be heard in his
own defence, they were warned to keep silence: the
cell or the poniard would otherwise restrain their
indiscretion. The fiftieth year of the king's reign
had closed, and the Commons prayed him to grant a
general pardon to all his subjects who had been
accused of crimes committed before the beginning of
this
year
of jubilee.
There was but one man ex-


56
[1376.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
cepted by name, and he was the banished prelate
sojourning at Waverley; for it was written that,
“ Toutes voies il n'est mye l'entention du roi que Sire
William de Wykeham, l’evesque de Wincestre, soit
compris deinz les pardon et grace avant ditz, n'en-
joisse rienz d’ycelles.” (Ro. Parl., 51 Edw. III, vol. ii,
p. 365.) Lord Latimer and Alice Piers were restored
to their estates, and their sentence was reversed.
There could be no better proof of Wykeham's patriot-
ism, virtue, and integrity.
The clergy regarded the Duke of Lancaster with
dislike and apprehension: for political reasons, he
had avowed himself the patron of Wickliffe the re-
former. Letters had come from the pope, command-
ing the primate to institute a process against the
refractory priest, who was summoned to appear at
Rome. He was cited to answer before the synod in
London. When the convocation met on February
3rd, they remembered the pure and lofty-spirited
bishop who had fallen under the oppression of the
hated duke. The king desired the clergy to grant
him a subsidy in his present need. Courtenay,
Bishop of London, with temper and firmness stood
up as the vindicator of Wykeham. He held up before
the reverend assembly parchment rolls written full of
the history of the injuries of the good bishop, pleaded
with fervid eloquence on behalf of the oppressed and
condemned without a fair trial, and concluded by
adjuring them to resist, and grant no subsidy until
satisfaction should be made to the injured prelate.
His audience responded to the appeal with enthu-
siasm. In a body, as with the mouth of one man,

1376.]
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
57
the convocation addressed the primate, assuring him
that they regarded the unjust process against the
Bishop of Winchester as an injury done to the clergy
of the realm, and an infringement of the liberties of
the Church ; declaring that they would not entertain
the king's proposition until redress was made, and
Wykeham had his seat in the upper house, where he
ought to sit and give his voice in the common vote
of the ecclesiastics of England. The primate, from
timidity or attachment to the duke, endeavoured to
withdraw from any part in their suit. In vain he
remonstrated; he was compelled to prorogue the con-
vocation, and present to the king a petition, setting
forth that without the assent of those whom it most
concerned, the temporalities of the see of Winton had
been taken into the king's hand; that the bishop
was forbidden a place in sundry monasteries, priories,
and other churches of his diocese, whereby he suffered
great grievance; the jurisdiction of the Church was
infringed, and the exercise of his office impeded. (Ro.
Par., 51 Edw. III, S 85, 11, p. 373.) No answer was
returned by the king. The convocation was inflex-
ible; and ere February was half passed, a messenger
from the primate arrived in haste at the gates of
Waverley, and prayed the bishop to return to his
house in Southwark. With a small retinue of attend-
ants, Wykeham left the peaceful calm of the old
abbey. A few hours after his journey was accom-
plished, a little train entered the cloisters of St. Paul's,
moving towards the tall chapter-house: with quiet
dignity and grave silence, Wykeham ascended the
stairs; the stone-benches were crowded with prelates,

58
[1377.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
canons, and ecclesiastics of distinction; and as the
sunlight streamed like a glory upon the returning
bishop, the whole assembly rose to do him reverence.
Wykeham on that day voted in the grant of subsidy.
Spring put on her robes of green leaves and sweet
flowers; but ere the ripe harvests waved in the corn-
field, or the fruit-tree shed its blossom, he was set
again among the princes of the land.
The parliament rose on February 23rd, convocation
about a week after. Wykeham resided in Win-
chester House, Southwark, neglected by the king,
who settled the temporalities of the see upon the
young prince, by a grant dated March 15th, 1376-7,
in part payment of four thousand marks by the year,
which had been promised to him at the time that he
was created Prince of Wales and declared to be heir-
apparent to the crown. Such was the wily policy of
the Duke of Lancaster. He was labouring to obtain
popularity. The nation hated him, and he soon
learned the truth in a matter that he could never
have foreseen. Wickliffe the reformer was cited
before the primate in St. Paul's cathedral; at his
desire, the duke, and his partisan Percy, Earl-marshal
of England, promised to be present; a great crowd
thronged the nave and aisles, and Percy desired his
men roughly to make a passage; the Bishop of
London remonstrated against the use of violence in
his church, the duke returned an insolent answer that
“ the marshal should play the master there for all
that he said nay!” Arrived at our Lady's chapel,
!
Percy desired Wickliffe to sit down before the council
of prelates, of whom doubtless Wykeham was one.

1377.]
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
59
66
Bishop Courtenay replied, that a priest must stand
when he makes answer before his ordinary, in law
and reason. The crowd looked on with amaze, as the
haughty duke menaced and brawled against the pre-
late: “ Sir, you are too bold,” he cried ; “ you put
your confidence in your birth and kinsmen, but they
cannot help thee, nay, they shall do enough if they
save themselves; I will humble thy proud order in
the land.” Nay, my lord,” replied the undaunted
Courtenay, “I rely on no mortal man, but I will
boldly speak the truth in the name of the living God
in Whom I trust.” “ Would that I could drag him
down by his hair!” whispered the enraged duke to his
partisans. The words ran through the crowd, mute
with suppressed emotion ; from nave and choir and
aisles rose up the indignant voices of the men of
London, and cried that they would defend their
bishop that day. The duke hastily quitted the as-
sembly, and proposed in parliament to deprive the
city of its privileges. Two days had not passed ere
every bed and hanging in the marshal's house was
pierced with the stabs of bills and javelins; and the
forgiving Bishop of London was summoned to save
the duke's palace of the Savoy from utter demolition
by an armed multitude. The duke was at a banquet
in the city, when one of his knights entering, bade
him fly for his life; he never stayed until he found
himself in the house of the Princess of Wales at
Kennington Common. Three of her knights were
immediately bidden to ride to the Savoy, and parley
with the assailants: the people replied that for the
lady's sake they would obey her command with re-

60
[1377.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
verence; but “ Sirs," said they to the messengers,
“ tell my lord duke, that we will have the Bishop of
Winton and Sir Peter de la Mare judged before their
peers according to the laws of England.” The king
lay dying, the patron and benevolent friend of Wyke-
ham; it must have indeed grieved the heart of the
prelate to know that he was passing out of the world
in anger, unreconciled; the duke, who stood between
them, for fear of the indignation of the outraged
citizens, durst no longer suffer Wykeham to be ba-
nished from the court, or forbidden the free use of his
temporalities. On June 18th, 1377, Wykeham was
restored to favour. In the presence of the prince
Richard, the Duke of Lancaster, and the king's
council, Edmund Earl of March, Richard Earl of
Arundel, and Thomas Earl of Warwick, bound them-
selves sureties for Wykeham, that he would under-
take to fit out for sea three galleys, manned each with
fifty men-at-arms and fifty archers, to whom he should
pay wages for one quarter of a year, and in return
the king restored his temporalities, “M.DCCCC.LXXXVIII
lib. xiiij. sol. vi. d. 1 ob. et xviiij quarteria avenarum”
(Rymer, Foedera, tom. iii, P. III, p. 57, 60). Within
two days all was over; the trumpet may ring out
its well-known note, the whispering knight speak as
loud he will, there will be no fear of breaking
slumber deep as his who lies upon the shrouded bed
at Shene. The dead had not died before the wrong
was redressed, and the innocent cleared of unjust
accusations.
The last licences granted by Edward III to Wyke-
ham were the following.

9
1377.]
61
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Hyttchin manerium concessum, per dominum regem
Willelmo Wyckham Episcopo Wintoniensi et aliis per
Edw. iij. Aº. 49, p. 2, m. 14.-MS. Harl. 744, f. 199.
Pat. 50 E. 3. P. ia. Liz. concessa Willo de Wykeham
Wint. Epo qa ipse adquirere possit, maner. de Elyng et
Wyndesor in Com. Sutht habend. sibi et hæred. suis.
quod manerium Joh. Gattesden miles sibi et hered. suis :
in feodo de Willo Paynel milite, Radūs Camoys miles de
prefato Johē, Hen. Husee miles de prefato Rado, Hugo
Camoys miles de prefato Hen., et Will. de Wykeham
Epūs Wint. de prefato Hugone adquisivit. 6. May.-
Harl. MS. 6960, f. 258.
The monks were yet singing “Dirige” for King
Edward's soul, when the church of Westminster was
made ready, on July 15, for the coronation of his
successor. First came the trumpeters, sounding their
grandest blast; then the heralds-of-arms, in their
embroidered coats, followed by surpliced priests appa-
relled with amice of grey; abbots and bishops, mitred,
in rich copes, each bearing his staff in his hand.
Preceded by nobles of the highest degree, next came
the boy-king, in robes of purple velvet. Over him
was borne the canopy of state, tinkling with silver
bells and glittering with burnished spear-heads of
the same precious metal, by the barons of the cinque
ports. Wykeham walked among his order in the pro-
cession, and sat at the royal banquet in the hall.-
Harl. MS. 592.
Sixteen days had not passed when Wykeham, on
July 31st, received remission of all the burthens
imposed upon him when his temporalities were
restored; he was declared, in the sight of God, to
be wholly innocent of the things laid to his charge,
and permitted to retain all the revenues of the

62
[1377.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
see due to the king and not paid at the time of
his restitution. The bishop suffered a loss of ten
thousand marks. His loyalty and love to the Black
Prince were never forgotten by the widowed princess,
who appointed Wykeham her executor. The son
thus remembered it in the charter of pardon :
Necnon revolventes oculos mentis nostræ ad grata,
utilia, et laudabilia obsequia, dicto avo nostro, per præ-
fatum episcopum Wintoniensem, graves et sumptuosos
labores subeundo, retroactis temporibus multipliciter
impensa, et magnum locum quem idem Episcopus præfato
domino et Patri nostro in suis agendis diversimodè
tenuit, et ad specialem affectionem, et sinceram dilec-
tionem, quas idem dominus et pater noster erga præfa-
tum episcopum gessit et habuit dum ageret in humanis
..... totaliter pro nobis et hæredibus nostris exoneramus,
acquietamus, et penitus absolvimus in perpetuum.-
Ro. Par., 1 Ric. II, P. II, m. ii, vol. iii, p. 387 ; Rymer,
Fodera, tom. iii, P. III, pp. 65-67.
The next entry in the Patent Rolls with respect to
Wykeham is interesting :
Pat. 1, R. 2, Pars 1a.
Pardonner Willo de Wykeham Epo Wint. m. 23, 24,
dat. 21 Jul.—MS. Harl. 6961, f. 2.
Wykeham appears like the prince of Troy entering
the gates of Carthage, girt with a cloud among the
crowds of busy men: a holy prayerfulness preserved
him from evil in the midst of troublous times. A
long war had wasted the revenues of the kingdom ;
Edward, in his dotage, had failed to appoint a
regency; the three uncles of the young prince, mutu-
ally jealous, were a counterpoise to each other; the
commons, who had been gradually gaining strength
during the minority, determined to meet the exigency

a
1377.]
63
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
of the period. Their first step was decisive: they
elected, for the first time, a Speaker, to regulate the
order of the debates, and to enforce the forms neces-
sary in a deliberative assembly. The man of their
choice was the patriotic Sir Peter de la Mare, who
was at once set free from his imprisonment in Not-
tingham Castle, and conducted to London with every
mark of honour. The Duke of Lancaster was an
object of distrust and hate in the city of London, as
in the house of the commons; they therefore temper-
ately but firmly took measures to prevent his acces-
sion to the dangerous power of the protectorate.
Conscious that they could only gradually attain to
their just weight in the state, they were contented to
recommend that the king and the lords should appoint
a council of nine men to conduct the public business,
as well as to take care for the education of the young
king. They, at the same time, prayed that the lands
of Alice Piers might be confiscated to the public
good, and means taken to remove all evil counsellors
from about the king's person (Ro. Par. 1 Ric. II, tit.
xx, vol. iii, p. 6a). The Bishop of Winchester, who
had suffered owing to his opposition to the disastrous
administration of the last reign, was not forgotten;
the commons presented this petition to the crown, to
ratify and confirm, under the great seal, the pardon
before granted to Wykeham:
“ Whereas, in the parliament holden at Westmin-
ster on the quindene of St. Hilary last past, a general
grace, pardon, and remission, was granted by your
grandsire to all his subjects and lieges of his kingdom
of England, of every manner, degree, estate, and con-


64
[1377.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
dition, as it appeareth in the rolls of the said parlia-
ment; in the which general grace, pardon, and
remission, the said bishop [of Winchester) was ex-
cepted and foreprised; and afterwards your kingly
majesty did grant unto the said bishop that he should
have and enjoy, fully and entirely, in all points, the
same graces, pardons, and remissions, made unto
others his lieges in the said parliament by your said
grandsire, notwithstanding the exception and fore-
prision aforesaid ; and furthermore did pardon unto
him many different articles and impeachments im-
posed upon him in the time of your said grandsire ;
and divers other graces, pardons, and remissions, did
make unto him; and of all the articles, impeach-
ments, and matters aforesaid, did grant unto him, and
cause to be made, your gracious charters in full, as in
them more fully appeareth: may it please your noble
highness, by the advice and common consent of the
prelates, the dukes, earls, barons, and other lords, and
the commons, to affirm, approve, ratify, and confirm,
in the present parliament, your said charters, with all
the articles, pardons, graces, remissions, and circum-
stances whatsoever in them contained, to the honour
of God, and for the safety and surety of the estate of
the said bishop and of his church of Winchester.”
The king's answer:
The king, in his own person, and by his own
mouth, as also by common assent and advice of the
prelates, dukes, earls, barons, and other lords, in full
parliament assembled, hath granted this petition fully
and in all points, and whatever is contained therein ;
and willeth and granteth, by the common consent and

1379.]
65
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
advice aforesaid, that the charters or letters whereof
this petition maketh mention, and which were with
good deliberation seen, read, and fully heard in the
said parliament, be now affirmed, approved, ratified,
and confirmed, under his great seal, according to the
purport of the said petition, and the effect, tenour,
and form of the charters and letters aforesaid.”
Ro. Par., 1 Ric. II, tit. xcix, vol. iii, p. 24a.
The government was blind to the internal ferment
in the public mind: the abuses were suffered to
remain. The commons, in the parliament which
assembled in the early part of 1380, made a petition
for the redress of their grievances, that the crown
would appoint five commissioners in place of the
former regency, to inquire into the conduct of the
ministry and the disbursement of the revenues. On
May 2, 1380, the king and council, in full parliament,
appointed sixteen commissioners, to inspect not only
the present state of the revenue in full, and examine
all officers and courts of the realm, but also the
household accounts, grants of annuity, and fees of
the late reigns (Ro. Par., 3 Ric. II, tit. xv, vol. iii,
p. 73; Rymer, iii, P. 111, p. 98). Of this important
commission Wykeham was a member. Delays inter-
vened; formal summonses were not issued for some
months; and when parliament met again, the com-
mons had occasion to renew their petition for speed
in this matter, that the commission might commence
its sittings on January 20th, 1380-1.—Ro. Par., 4
Ric. II, tit. XXVIII, p. 93a).
In 1379, on March 6th, Wykeham lent £100 to


F
66
[1380.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
a
the king (Rymer, iii, P. 111, p. 83); and the same sum
in 1382.-16. p. 133.
p
In 1380, Wykeham held a visitation of St. Augus-
tine's abbey, in Canterbury, as the pope's delegate, to
decide between the abbot and the archbishop, who
were engaged in a dispute concerning the right of
the latter to enter the monastery in solemn proces-
sion with the cross borne before him. The murder of
the primate, which ensued during the insurrection of
1381, ended the cause.—Thorn's Chronicle, in Twis-
den's X Scriptores, col. 2155; Lond. 1652.
The king, in this year, fully annulled all the grants
of Wykeham's possessions made to others in Edward
III's reign, and thus restored them to him :-
Pat. 3, R. 2, P. 3a.
Rex ad supplicacoem Will. de Wykeham Epi Wint.
revocat et adnullat oēs collaicos & presentacões p Edw.
p
3 fact. ante 15 Feb. anno regni sui Angl. 50mo. (Harl.
MS. 6961, f. 26).—Claus. Pat. 1, m. 3, Aug. 25, MS.
Ayscough, 4591, No. XXIV.
The unhappy war with France was still protracted,
without advantage or honour, at the expense of a
bankrupt treasury and impoverished crown. Parlia-
ment, in this extremity, had recourse to a dangerous
remedy,—the imposition of a new tax upon a people
already justly discontented, owing to constant exac-
tions wrung from them to support the pretensions of
the Duke of Lancaster to the throne of Castile.
Grievous imposts had drained purses and coffers, and
lost the king the hearts of his people; already galled
to the quick, fresh burdens were laid upon them to
support the expenses of an expedition against Ireland.

1381.]
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
67
-
a
In addition to other public wrongs,—the extrava-
gances of the royal household, the oppressions in the
courts of law, the insecurity of commerce,—the com-
mons groaned under a weight of slavery and ill-usage
unknown in other parts of Europe. The fetters had
begun to rust of themselves, the dawning light of
liberty to shine: the risings of the peasants and
artisans in the Low Countries and France had been
hailed with joy in the villages and towns of England,
It needed but one more act of oppression to precipitate
the murmurings into an open act of rebellion. The
outrage offered by a brutal collector of the poll-tax
to a country girl was the signal to the exasperated
people. The indignant father, with a hammer
.
snatched from the anvil, struck the ruffian dead upon
the spot. The fearful sequel need not be told here.
The savage excesses of the leaders of the rebellion
were quelled at length by the promptitude and vigour
of the king. Conciliation and concession were the only
effectual resource to calm the yet brooding storm.
On March 9th, 1381, Wykeham was a witness to
the treaty for the king's marriage with the Princess
Anne.-Rymer, iii, P. III, p. 114.
Another evidence of the high and imperishable
political services rendered to the cause of independ-
ence and civilization by the powerful prelates of the
middle ages, is seen in the story of Wykeham. That
able and disinterested statesman was recommended
by name to the crown, as one of the seventeen nobles
and bishops with whom they might confer, by the
commons (Ro. Par., 5 Ric. II, tit. XIV, XVII, XVIII,
vol. iii, page 100a). Nineteen commissioners were



F 2
68
[1385.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
-
appointed to sit in the privy-council, to examine into
the state of the king's household and the regency,
and to remedy existing abuses. They drew up some
ordinances, — disregarded, however, so that again
complaints came up from the commons.Ro. Par., 5
Ric. II, tit. Lxxv, p. 115a.
.
In 1382, they called upon the Bishop of Winches-
ter to confer with them on the proposals to fit out an
armament to assist Urban VI against the rival pope
(Ro. Par., 6 Ric. II, tit. xiv, p. 134a), and for the
protection of English commerce (Ib. tit. xiii, p. 146a);
and, in 1384, to deliberate upon a treaty with France.
-Ro. Par., 7 Ric. II, P. 11, tit. ix, vol. iii, p. 1676.
II
The Patent Rolls of 1382 allude to a circumstance
which had almost lost the bishop the king's favour :
Pat. 6, R. 2, P. 1a.
Rex pardonat Will. de Wykeham Epo Winton eva-
siones 23 clēcorum convictorum de diversis feloniis qui
evaserunt a prisona dci. Epi de Wolvesey apud Winton,
15 Aug.—Harl. MS. 6961, f. 55.
In 1383, he, in his place in parliament, resisted
the application of the lords marchers for a grant of
money to defend their castles on the frontier, when
an invasion by the Scotch, at the instigation of Pope
Clement VII, was apprehended in the north. His
argument was, that their lands and honours were held
upon that tenure, and his decision was agreed to
(Tho. Walsingham, Hist. Ang., p. 333, Lond. 1574).
In 1385, he assisted the privy-council in calling in
all debts in arrear to the crown (£120,000 of respon-
sions), and making orders for the payment.--Ro.
Par., 9 Ric. II, tit. XLIII, vol, iii, p. 214a,

1385.]
69
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
No affairs of state diverted his mind from attention
to his ecclesiastical duties. His zeal for religion never
was tinged with bitterness or intolerance: he appears
ever as a peacemaker. Wickliffe was summoned
before the council held in the monastery of the Black
Friars on May 17th, 1382. Wykeham signed his name
next in order to the primate's, in condemnation of
the opinions of Wickliffe (Spelman's Councils, vol. ii,
p. 631; Lond., 1634). In a second synod of prelates
and doctors, the conduct of Dr. John Ryggs, chancellor
of the University, who had prominently supported the
reformer, was brought under debate. Wykeham it
was who interceded for him, and with great difficulty
procured his pardon from the archbishop (Fox's Acts,
etc., p. 437; ed. 1576). In the same year Wykeham
sat as a royal commissioner to arrange a dispute be-
tween the priory of St. Frideswide and the university
of Oxford, concerning jurisdiction in the annual fair
(Gutch’s Wood's Annals of Oxford, vol. i, p. 501, Oxf.
1792); and, in 1385, to compose the differences
among the fellows of Oriel college at the election of
a provost.—Ibid., p. 516.
The infatuated king, immersed in riot, and sur-
rounded by flatterers, would heed no warning. He
had spent more in peace than his knightly ancestors
In December 1384, the clergy had voted a
subsidy ; in January 1385 he demanded another.
The primate, Courtenay, though irritated at a personal
affront from Richard, desired Wykeham to aid him
in his endeavour to dissuade him. The king impe-
riously renewed his command, and the Bishop of
Winchester sat as the archbishop's deputy in the con-


in war.

70
[1386.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
a
vocation. He was present as a witness to the patent
creating De Vere marquess of Dublin.-Ro. Par., 9
Ric. II, tit. XVII, vol. iii, p. 209a.
In 1386, on May 9th, Wykeham signed the treaty
made with the King of Portugal (Rymer, iii, P. III,
p. 203). In the same year, in September, he lent
£200 to the king (Ib., P. iv, p. 9). In 1386, the
commons assembled determined upon a reform in the
administration, and refused to proceed to the consi-
deration of public business unless the king attended
parliament in person. In vain he returned haughty
answers, or attempted to delay. The Duke of Glou-
cester and the Bishop of Ely alarmed his fears for the
security of his throne in case of a refusal. He com-
plied; and the commons further petitioned him to
nominate, and confirm by statute, certain officers of
his household and lords of the council, as a commis-
sion invested with ample powers to redress the griev-
ances whereby his crown had suffered blemish, the
laws been disregarded, and his revenues been impo-
verished (Ro. Par., 10 Ric. II, tit. XVIII, vol. iii, p.
221); imposing penalties on any who should venture
to hinder their acts. Fourteen persons, princes of
the blood-royal, tried and faithful prelates, and other
persons of the highest character and rank, were made
choice of. Among them none was held in greater esti-
mation than the temperate and experienced Wykeham.
It was the act of a high-spirited patriot to take his
seat in that council, to moderate the conduct of a
desperate expedient, the only resource in a grave
emergency. The kingly promises had been often
renewed, and as often surely broken; the constant

1386.]
71
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
.
a
subsidies which he had wrung from the people were
consumed upon pageants and festivals. The real
danger lay in the artful courtiers and parasites who
possessed the ear of the young prince, and made him
their unconscious tool. The delegated authority of
the commission was wisely limited to one year, wherein
to examine the state of the king's household and his
grants, and to correct and amend defaults and offences
therein.Ro. Par., 10 Ric. II, tit. XVIII, vol. iii, p. 221.
Before he dissolved the parliament, Richard ver-
bally protested that this act should in no wise infringe
his royal prerogative. Within a few months, Richard
once more threw himself into the hands of his former
counsellors, and by their advice summoned the judges
to Northampton, where he compelled or persuaded Sir
Robert de Tresilian and Sir Robert Bealknappe, the
chief-justices, with several of their brethren, to declare
under their hand and seal that the late commission
was illegal, and the authors of it traitors; that at his
will the session ought to close; and without his con-
sent no minister could be impeached.
This unconstitutional act was succeeded by another,
on the part of his enemies. The Duke of Gloucester,
with four other noblemen, styling themselves lords-
appellant, marched upon the metropolis with forty
thousand men. Halting at the gates, they permitted
the primate, Wykeham, the Duke of York, and five
other commissioners, to wait upon the king, in the
double capacity of mediators and remonstrants (Ro.
Par. II, Ric. II, vol. iii, p. 229). They were received
with courtesy by the king, sitting upon his throne in
royal state in the Hall of Westminster; he promised


72
[1389.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
-
to satisfy their demands in the coming parliament.
He was forced to fulfil the promise, which he would
gladly have broken ; death or exile were the fate of
his adherents; and he had the mortification of seeing
the parliament and people swear to maintain the cause
of his enemies. The hostel of Sir Robert Bealknappe,
who was attainted, was during the next year conferred
upon Wykeham.—Cotton. MS. Titus, C. 3, f. 78, 165.
Disunion had, probably, sundered the friendship of
the confederates, for in 1389 Richard II repossessed
himself of power. Wykeham must have borne him-
self as a commissioner with singular moderation, for
to him the king committed the great seal.
IV°. die Maii, circa horam undecimam, dominus noster
rex Magnum Sigillum suum, in quâdam bagâ de corio
inclusum, venerabili patri W. Episcopo Wyntoniensi
(cujus sacramentum de officio Cancellarii benè et fideliter
faciendo recepit), infra palatium suum apud Westmonas-
terium, in quâdam camerâ, vocatâ Marcoll, liberavit, et
secum ad hospitium suum deferri fecit; et die crastina
idem Episcopus Wyntoniensis, Cancellarius, in magnâ
Aulâ Westmonasteriensi, in loco pro Cancellariâ ordi-
nato, circa horam viïjam, bagam prædictam aperiri, et
sigillum illud extrahi, et diversa, Cartas, Literas Pa-
tentes, et Brevia, prout moris est, in præsentiâ Clerico-
rum Cancellariæ prædictæ, et multorum aliorum, in
expeditione prosequentium, sigillari fecit; officium illum
extunc, prout moris est, indè exercendo.-Rymer, iii,
P. iv, p. 37.

The measures of the new administration bear
evident proofs of the wise counsels of Wykeham.
Within four days a proclamation was set forth, to the
effect that the king had resumed the reins of govern-
ment, but hoped to rule his people more to their
1390.]
73
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
honour, peace, and welfare, than he had hitherto
done, confirming all the pardons granted in parliament
to offenders (Rymer, iii, P. IV, p. 37). On May 6th
another royal declaration appeared, couched in the
most conciliatory language, and suspending the pay-
ment of certain taxes which had been granted to the
king, until he had urgent necessity. The parliament
which met on Monday, January 17th, 1389-90, at
Westminster, was opened with a speech by the chan-
cellor. Its purport was that the king had determined
to rule his people with equity and justice, and pre-
serve their liberties, as heretofore, to the church, the
lords and commons; that it was necessary to take
precautions for the safety of the frontier on the Scotch
border; the ports of Calais, Brest, and Cherbourg ;
Ireland and Guienne; and also to send an embassy to
the court of Paris to conclude a definite truce. That
it was for the parliament to levy taxes to maintain
these charges, in a manner least burdensome to the
people. It proceeded to desire the commons to take
measures for the better observance of the laws, and
the maintenance of peace; and, in conclusion, re-
quired all who had petitions or grievances unredressed
to lay them before certain commissioners appointed
by the crown.—Ro. Par., vol. iii, p. 257.
Nor was this all. The chancellor gave up the great
seal, the treasurer the keys of the exchequer, and the
lords of the king's council resigned their offices, sub-
mitting themselves to the judgment of parliament, in
case any complaint should be alleged by any man
against them. The commons deliberated during one
day on the matter; and on the morrow, in full par-

3
74
[1391.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
liament, returned to them the thanks of both houses
for their fidelity and unimpeachable conduct. The
king restored them, with a solemn protest that this
appeal and reinstatement should not be made a pre-
cedent, for on his will only depended a change of his
ministers.
On November 12th, 1390, Wykeham again opened
parliament with a speech almost identical with the
last ; the only new matter introduced was that Wyke-
ham now required money in the king's name to
support the expenses, already incurred, of a late
mission for concluding a final peace with France,
to provide for another embassy to be sent upon that
service after Candlemas; as well as to secure the
frontier in case of a war with Scotland, which ap-
peared imminent (Ro. Par. 14 Ric. II, vol. iii, p. 277).
Before the parliament was dissolved on December 3rd,
both houses gratified the king by declaring his pre-
rogative as unimpaired as that of any of his royal
predecessors, and assuring him of their gratitude for
his professions of attachment to his people.
On June 9th, 1391, the king gave his permission to
John de Wykeham, William Norton, and Thomas
Cone, to act in the court of Rome, to prosecute and
defend the cause and business of Wykeham and his
colleges (Rymer, iii, P. iv, p. 69). On March 10th,
he granted to Wykeham the lands of Harmondsworth
and Tingwyck, formerly belonging to the abbot of
Holy Trinity, on St. Catherine's hill, near Rouen.-
Rymer, ibid. p. 67.
Wykeham had only undertaken the office of chan-
cellor during the crisis; he had restored a good un-

1394.]
75
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
derstanding between the crown and parliament, and
he now gladly laid down his office. His life seems
like a stream of sweet waters, flowing fresh and un-
contaminate in the midst of a bitter and turbulent
sea. By his advice the primate was restored to the
vacant chancellorship, and earnestly recommending
to the king the same course of making coalitions and
cherishing an unity of purpose and identity of in-
terests, he relinquished his place at court.
Memorandum, quòd die Mercurii, in Festo SS. Cosmæ
et Damiani, viz. xxviiº die Septembris, anno præsenti,
circam horam iijam post ixam ; venerabilis pater, Wil-
lielmus Episcopus Wyntoniensis, nuper Cancellarius
domini nostri regis, Magnum Sigillum dicti domini
regis, in quâdam bagâ de corio, sigillo ipsius Episcopi
signatâ, inclusum, eidem domino nostro regi, apud cas-
trum de Wyndesore, in quâdam camerâ vocatâ le Par-
lour, infra magnam Cameram regis ibidem, liberavit. -
Ro. Claus. 15 Ric. II; Rymer, iii, P. iv, p. 71.
The sagacious mind of Wykeham, doubtless, fore-
saw the rising of the tempest, which would compel
the infatuated monarch to abdicate a throne of vio-
lence.
Wykeham had frequently the honour of enter-
taining the doomed king and his consort; in 1388,
when they visited Winchester; on Friday, July 25th,
1394, at Wolvesey palace; again in September, and
afterwards at Farnham castle. Fishermen from the
sea coast were hired for fifteen days together to catch
fish sufficient for the royal table, in the bishop's ponds
at Waltham, Alresford, Sutton, Marwell, Farnham,
and Highclere. At Wolvesey, on one occasion, 173
gentlemen and 63 officers made up the retinue; at

76
[1394.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
another time, above 350 persons; provender was
provided for 50 horses; there was a waggon load of
bread; 15 carts laden with firewood were required;
and two hogsheads of white wine, and two pipes of red,
were set a flowing to fill the tankards in the hall.
On Tuesday, September 16th, 1394, the bishop
received a royal visit; their majesties dined with him
upon that and the following day. The total number
of guests on the first day was 210. The following
provisions were made for their entertainment; the
cost was equivalent to £385 in present money.
500 loaves
150 gallons of wine
200 flagons of beer
One carcase and a half of beef
One bacon
18 sheep
72 rabbits
6 swans
10
geese
2 salted deer; 7 bream ; 8 pikes
from the store
2 capons
36 capons
13 hens
2 pullets
iiij dozen chickens
24 chickens
9 dozen pigeons
XS.
lxxvs.
xvjs. viijd.
xviijs.
ijs.
xviijs.
xvjs.
XXS.
injs. iiijd.
ijs.
VS.
436 eggs
.
Milk
Larks
Garlick
Onions
Herbs
Grapes
For one bushel of oat meal
12 small pigs
4 calves
For beef
xvjd.
xjs.
ixd.
viijd. ijob.
iiijd.
iiijd.
ijs. vjd.
ilijs. vid.
ijs.
iijd.
JS.
ijs.

iijd.
vjd.
vjd.
vjd.
xiijd.
ijd.
xijs. iiijd.
vd.
vjs.
1394.]
hogy
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.

VS.
15 crabs and 13 lobsters
viijs. iijd.
For the carriage of the same ijs. iiijd.
For the expenses of Heghfield who
went to Portland for the crabs. iijs. iid.
For trout taken at Twyford by
one Nyng
xxd.
For 2 gallons of minnows
iijs. iiijd.
For 10 sticks of eels
xd.
For the charge of a man and cart
to fetch pike from Sutton js. vjd.
For one seam of sea fish bought of
one Compthorn
viijs.
For the hire of a man to catch
trout at Twyford for 6 nights · js.
vjd.
For the wages of J. Fisshe and his
helper, employed at High Clere
and Farnham during 15 days, to
catch pike, bream, and perch
vijd. ij ob.
For additional help in catching fish
for 2 days
js. vjd.
The same at Fermesham for 6 days iijs. iiijd.
For carrying a boat from the great
pond at Fermesham to the small
one.
viijd.
To a chandler for 4 days' work at
Winchester in making torches
and candles
ijs. viijd.
To the same for going from Mar-
well to Sutton and elsewhere for
charcoal
vjd.
For cutting 16 bundles of green
rushes at Marwell
viijd.
For bringing fire wood from St.
Elizabeth College to Wolvesey. ijs. vid.
.
To ij men for cleaving the same ijs. viijd.
VS.
On Wednesday, September 17th, the number of
guests was 367. The following were the purchases
made for their entertainment.
833 loaves
270 gallons of wine
240 gallons of beer
45 gallons of wine
xxvijs. viijd.
£vj xvs.
xixs. xd.
xxxiijs. iiijd.
78
[1394.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.

XXVS.
xjs.
.
53 salt fish
24 stock fish
vjs.
12 bream and 12 pike from the store
10 salmon
viijs. iiijd.
50 salt fish
xxvjs. viijd.
iiij«x. stock fish
xvjs. viijd.
7 gallons of minnows
viijd.
For eels
viijd.
2 gallons of oysters
xxd.
gallons of oysters
iijs. iijd.
10 gross of eels at Wargrave, with
the expense of a man and cart. viijs.
28 mullets bought of William Col-
man at Poole
Xxxvs. viijd.
8 pikes ; 200 quarters of roach, one
quarter and one dozen and a
half of sea fish
xviijs.
24 gross of eels, and 8 sticks of
small eels
xiis.
14 gross of eels, and 2 sticks of small
eels, at Downton
iiijs. viijd.
4 congers, 4crabs, 3 lobsters, bought
at Salisbury
xiijs. vijd.
For the carriage thereof
xxd.
In expenses of one Heghfield going
to Salisbury for fish
vijs. ijd.
For the hire of men employed for
6 nights in catching trouts ijs. viijd.
For the expenses of one R. Goos
from Winchester to Farnham, to
catch roach and bring them to
Winchester
xjd.
For one sem and a half of sea fish xxiijs.
For 2,700 oysters
ijs. viijd.
For shrimps
JS.
of Thomas Wayte
staying at Waltham for 7 days to
take care of the fish
ijs.
iiijd.
For beer, bread, and candles,
bought there
xiiijd.
For a man hired to catch trout
viijd.
For 5 sticks and 8 midling bought
at Bromleigh
iijs. vijijd.
iijd.
iis.
For 8 gallons of honey
viijs.
For the wages
For 2,000 eggs
For 350 eggs
XS.
1394.]
79
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
.
.
.
.
For 144 gallons of vinegar viijs. ijd.
For 17 bushel of white salt.
ixd.
For milk
ijs.
ixd.
For cream
xvd. } ob.
1 / 2
For butter
xixd.
For 16 gallons of milk and one of
cream, bought at Marwell
iis.
For 2 bushels of pears
ijs. xd.
For quinces
xvjd.
For pitch
vjd.
For onions
iijd.
For herbs
vjd.
For the wages of the butcher going
from Winton to Sarum for fish
iiijd.
For the same, going to the various
manors to fetch beasts during
151 days
iijs. xd. job.
For his helper between Essher and
Marwell, for 3 days.
iiijd. į ob.
To the butler for sundries
xxxiijs. iiijd.
To the cook for sundries xüi£. xiiijs. viiijd.
To the scullerer for rushes, clean-
ing, etc.
vjs. vijd. z ob.
For the whole day, with expenses
in the stables, and for wages,xxv£.xiijs. iiijd.
Viz. from the store, £x, xvs. vjd.
and expended in purchases,
xiiij£. xviijs. xd.
It is curious to compare with the expenses of this
entertainment the cost and details of a common day,
a fast, and a feast day, in the household of Wykeham.
On September 29th the guests at dinner were, gen-
tlemen 25, officials 28; at supper, of the former 12,
and of the latter, 32; in all 97.
The expenses
amounted to 53s. 7d. The provisions taken from
the store for that day's consumption cost 37s. 4d.;
and the amount of money spent in the various de-
partments 20s. 3£d.; viz., of the butlery, 2s. 3d.,
including the wages of Thomas Roppele for the car-
riage of beer from Waltham to Marwell and Winton ;


80
[1394.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
of the kitchen, 12s. 11d.; of the groom of the stable,
5s. 01d.
On May 1st, Saturday, the eve of Trinity Sunday,
and an Ember day, 34 gentlemen and 30 officials,
including members of the chapter and secular clergy,
who were to be present at the ordination on the
morrow, dined in Wolvesey hall. From the store
were delivered the following provisions :
Butlery. 18 gallons of wine, ixs. 88 gallons of beer, vijs.
Pantry. 171 loaves
Kitchen. 7 salt fish, iijs. 12 stock fish, iijs. salted
salmon, xd.
iiijs.
Purchases of additional provisions were also made.
Barbell
js. vjd.
For roach, flounders, gudgeons, and
minnows
iiijs. viijd.
For eels
vjd.
For ij trouts
ijs. vijd.
On the festival of the Ascension, Thursday, May
15th 1394, the bishop entertained 47 gentlemen, and
29 officials, at dinner; and at supper-time, 31 of the
latter, and 27 of the former; in all 134.

.
Issued from the
Pantry-store 260 loaves
iiijs.
Butlery
30 gallons of wine XVS.
Kitchen
1 quarter of beef viijs.
1} bacon
iijs.
2] carcases of mutton iijs.
In purchases.
For 64 gallons of wine
iiijs. iiijd.
For beef
iiijs.
For 4 hens
xd.
For 3 pullets
vjd.
For 24 calves
vjs. vijijd.
For 8 lambs
lijs. vid.
For 12 capons
vjs.
iijs.
For 12 geeses
1394.]
81
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
For 3 dozen chickens
iiijs.
For 24 rabbits
ilijs. viijd.
For 500 eggs
ijs. xjd.
For milk and cream
viijd.
For 5 small pigs
iijs.
for 48 horses 20 bun-
In the stable dles of hay
iijs.
from the store 3 quarters and 3 bushels
of oats
vjs.
In wages to Thos. Roppele, Thos.
Somar, 14_grooms, and 5 pages of
the Lord Bishop; 11 grooms of the
household, and one helper
iiijs. xjd.
For 2 carriages coming from London to
Esher with harness,
and back
ijs.
The value of the stores consumed was. xlvijs. iiijd.
purchases
lis. iijd.
The sum in all
iiij£. xviijs. vijd.
(or in present money 73:8: 9.)

.
.
وو
99

Temperate in his habits amid all his princely hos-
pitality, we can scarce forbear a smile at the simple
remedies which he required when indisposed:
xvid.
xxvjs. ijd.
.
In sucro rosetto empto per Petrum
Buteler pro dño mensis Aprilis
In diversis confectionibus per Rogerum
de camerâ tempore Parliamenti Wyn-
ton
In medicinis emptis per eundem
pro
dno
In ij potellis emptis de tyn pro medi-
cinâ dni
In v libris lykoris emptis London per
Lakyngton pro medicina Dni
xjd.
xd.
xd.
1393. In medicinâ præparatâ apud Oxon. pro domino
fundatore per literam ejusdem domini missâ ad custodem
in Festo Purificationis Btæ Mariæ. xijs. xd. 19.—Ro.
Comp. Coll. No. In v libris licoris emptis London' pro
medicinis faciendis pro domino xd.-Ro. Exp. Hosp.
Coll. Wint.
G

82
[1394.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
pro domino
pan. viol. in
In this latter roll we find the cost of his robes of
the garter.
In vadiis Roches existentis apud Lond' pro
robâ domini contra Festum S. Georgii
faciendâ per x dies capientis per diem vd. iiijs. ijd.
In jº laas empto per eundem pro mantellâ
dicte robe
iiijs.
Pro ij petris emptis pro robâ domini viijs.
In furrurâ unius paris de pyncons (shoes)
vd.
In serico et filo empto pro domino
viijd.
Item in furrura pro liberaturâ S. Georgii iijs. vid.
Item in iiij heremyns emptis pro le pro-
filyng caputii domini de dictâ liberaturâ
S. Georgii, precium pecii xviijd. vjs.
He received from the king these materials :
7 Rich. II. Ven. Patri W. Episc. Wynton de dono
R. contra Festum S. Georgii, 1.
gr.:
: 1.
mantellum de vjC ventr : et j. capuc. de cxl. ventr.
Min. pur.: 1. Furrur. de cccc ventr. : j Furr. de ccccLX.
ventr. Min. gr. : j. furr. de Biss. de cxL best.—Anstis.
from MS. Ashmole.
11. Ric. II. Ven. Patri W. Episcopo Wynton de dono
regis, contra Festūm. j. pann. blanket long : 1. Mantel
de DC ventr : j Capuc. de cxl ventr. min. pur. : j. furr.
de cccLx ventr. Min. gross. : et j. furr de cxL Best.-
Ib. Instit. of the Garter, vol. i, Introd. p.
11.
12. Ric. II. Ven. Patri. W. Episc. Wynton. contra
Festum j. pann. blu. long : j mantel de cccccc ventr :
1. Capuc. de cxl ventr. min. pur. : j furrur. de cccc
ventr : 1 furr. de cccLx ventr. Min. gross : et j. furr. de
biss. de cxl best.-Ib.
p.
12.
13. Ric. II. Ven. Patri. W. Wynton Episc. ad. j. rob.
de cons. dono R. contra Festum S. Georgii j. pann. san-
guin. in grano : 1. mantel. de Dc. ventr : 1. Capuc. de
CXL. ventr. min. pur. : 1. Fur. de ivC ventr. : 1 Fur. de
CCCLX. ventr. min. gross. et 1. Fur. de biss. de cxi best.
-Ib. 13.


:
p.

1394.]
83
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
22. Ric. II. Ven. Patri Will. Wynton Episc. ad j.
robam suam de iiij garniamentis ad cons. pann. scarlet. .
erga Festum S. Georgii fac. et furr. viz. 1. pann. scarlet :
1. furr. de dc ventr. min. pur. : 1 furr. de cccc ventr.
min. gr. : 1. furr. de cccLx. ventr. min. pur. et . j. furr.
de cxl best. de Byss.—Ib. p.
p
14.
.
In 1394 Wykeham commenced his last great work,
the restoration of his cathedral; the new buildings
were commenced on the Wednesday following the
feast of All Saints. During ten years those labours
were continued; he bequeathed, about a year and a
half before its completion, 2,500 marks, and 500 more
for the glazing. In 1393 Wykeham had held a vi-
sitation of the cathedral; the fabric was out of repair,
and the revenues allotted for its support were inade-
quate. He therefore desired for seven years the prior
to pay 100 marks a year, and the convent the same
sum; a year had not passed when the generous and
a
devout prelate took the charge upon himself. The
.
west front, with two bays in the north aisle, and one
window in the south aisle, had been completed by
Bishop Edyngdon. The bosses and table below the
triforium, charged with the devices of Beaufort and
Waynflete, shew that the sculpture of the vaulting
and the nave were not finished until some years after
the founder's death. The ingenious plan followed by
Wykeham was to transform the heavy Norman piers
of the nave of Walkelyn into the light clustered
columns of that style of which he was the autho , by
reducing the size of the shaft, refacing the masonry,
and adding mouldings and chamfering. His ex-
quisite chantry is but a point in this vast monument

G2

84
[1397.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
of beautiful design and architectural skill. The only
share borne by the monastery in the work was, that
they provided the scaffolding, permitted Wykeham to
use the old materials upon the new work, and bring
chalk and sand from their lands.
The king, untaught by misfortune or warnings,
proceeded soon after to defy the commons, to deny
their right of free speech or control over the public
expenditure; and his next step after these arbitrary
measures was to take vengeance upon the confederate
nobles. Surrounded by troops, knights, and gentle-
men devoted to his service, the parliament, which
met on September 17th, 1397, was intimidated into
submission to the king's will, and annulled all the
former proceedings of the commission of 1386, and the
session of the following year. Hands of assassins, the
headman's axe, and sentences of banishment, removed
the objects of the tyrant's malice. From Wykeham
was extorted a loan of £1,000 (Foed. iii, P. iv, p. 133),
the price of the declaration by Richard that he was
innocent of an evil design in the intent and execution
of the commission (21 Ric. II, Ro. Par. tit. XXVI, vol.
iii, p. 353). On September 26th he was present
when the lords were sworn, before the shrine of St.
Edward in St. Peter's abbey, Westminster, to observe
the statutes made in that session (Ro. Par. 21 Ric. II,
p. 355). On January 28th the king assembled the
obsequious parliament again at Shrewsbury; Wyke-
ham, wearied and infirm, sent his proctors to excuse
his absence (Lowth, sect. vii, p. 265). He sent the
same excuse to the convocation which met on October
8th. He was residing either at Southwark, Esher, or



1399.]
85
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
-
Farnham, and in November at High Clere. On
February 10th, 1397, he delivered the pall to Thomas
Arundel, the new primate. — Collier, Church Hist.,
B. vi, 600, vol. iii, p. 221.
p.
.
Abroad Richard had secured the support of France
by his recent marriage; at home he had wrung from
Parliament a grant of a revenue for life; he was
absolute, all power being delegated at his will to an
oligarchy of eighteen. His last crowning act of long
dissembled revenge, the banishment and confisca-
tion of the inheritance of Bolingbroke, cost him his
throne.
The storm, that had so long been gathering, burst
in thunder. Lulled into security by his triumph, and
immersed in pleasures, Richard scarcely knew his
danger, until he was summoned by the voice of the
nation to lay down his crown. Wykeham was present
on September 30th, 1399, that eventful day, when, in
the presence of the assembled parliament, the deposed
monarch read his renunciation of the throne, and the
momentary hush was broken by tumultuous shouts of
joy; he was again in his place when it met six days
after, the first of the reign of Henry IV, and was
appointed a trier of petitions.—Ro. Par. 1 Hen. IV,
tit. VIII, iii, p. 416.
He was still residing at Winchester House' in

1 Winchester House was built by William Gifford, Bishop of Winton,
in 1107, on ground belonging to the Prior of Bermondsey, to whom he
paid a yearly acknowledgment. It was a convenient residence for the
prelates of that see when attending parliament. On the south was a
park and gardens ; on the north flowed the Thames, beneath a noble
river-terrace; on the east was the priory; and on the west Paris Garden.
The great hall was 118 feet in length and 30 feet in width ; eastward of

86
[1400.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Southwark, but his name does not appear among
those of the bishops who recorded their votes on
October 23rd, in solemn council, whereby, but four
days after, Richard was sentenced to a perpetual
imprisonment. (Ro. Par. ibid., lxxiv, lxxvi, p. 427).
Wykeham had owed his fortune to Edward III;
the Black Prince had been his faithful patron; and
even from Richard he had received kindness and
regard.
For the last time Wykeham bore his part in coun-
cils of state, when the great assembly of lords and
bishops met on February 9th, 1400, at Westminster,
and charging themselves only, voted a considerable
grant of money to the king to take precaution against
the designs of France and Scotland.—Rymer, iii,
P. iv, p. 177, ed. Hagæ, 1746.
Richard atoned for his violation of constitutional
right and infringement of the laws by a cruel untimely
end, but Wykeham foresaw the precarious tenure of
the crown, taken by force in a revolution, and the
lack of affection towards a king who had attained
power with a bad title, and through the sacrifice of
the blood of his countrymen ; he discerned the retribu-
tion: rebellions, insurrections, and conspiracies, fol-
lowing upon a disputed succession; and having their
fearful issue in retaliation by the headsman's block,
and in the wars of the Roses, when the rival factions

it was a range of other apartments about 80 feet in length. The refec-
tory was lighted by a beautiful circular window,--principally composed of
foliated triangles, with a double hexagonal rose in the centre,--in the
west gable, 12 feet in diameter, and lofty windows on either side. In
the west wall were three doorways, leading to the kitchen, pantry, and
butteries.

1400.]
87
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
steeped England deep in the blood of her own sons.
Loyal, but a patriot also, Wykeham, perceiving that
Henry of Bolingbroke had been invited to redress the
grievances of an oppressed people, and had been
conducted to the throne by the chief persons in
church and state, gracefully yielded his obedience
to the new government. Wykeham at the corona-
tion-feast sat on the king's right hand next to the
primate and the Bishop of London.—Bodl. MS., 2376;
Archæol., vol. xx, p. 276.
Wykeham had passed the term of years allotted by
the Psalmist as the bound of human life. He deter-
mined to retire from the cares of political life, and
have a space wherein to prepare himself for eternity.
Would that more of his memorable sayings had been
spared to us; the golden sentences that had led him
in safety through a difficult life: “ There can be no
true dignity where there is no real high principle”;
“If I pleased men, I should not be the minister of
Christ”; and that rebuke of the leniency of a fellow
of New College who preached smooth things, “It is
sin to praise that which God abhorreth”; and his
immortal motto, “Manners makyth man"-on moral
worth depends the estimation of a man in this life;
and for his conduct, and not the accidental advan-
tages of fortune or birth, should he be regarded.
Many of his good deeds were known only to
God and good angels; and many remain on record;
but no greater instance of his integrity has been
preserved than his conduct to some French monks,
who had been banished from England by the king:
he had received their confiscated lands and pro-


88
[1400.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
perty; he never rested until he found for them a
house and ample revenues in Paris.
When the unhappy confessor of Richard II, Thomas
Rusbrook, Bishop of Chichester, was driven from the
court by the lords, suffering the loss of his tempo-
ralities, Wykeham gave him an asylum in Wolvesey
castle, and all necessaries by the hands of his sene-
schal and treasurer, Keton.
At his taking possession of his see, he frankly for-
gave to his poor tenants 5001., the customs due upon
the occasion; to old servants of the see, and infirm,
he made a gift of 2,000 marks; and paid for his
dependants their subsidies on three occasions ; on
the cathedral of Winchester he bestowed lands to
the value of 2001. ; and he paid 3,000 marks for the
liberation of poor prisoners for debt.
Two instances of Wykeham's goodness of heart
should be known; the one, where he tempered judg-
ment with mercy in the case of an offending society;
the other, a remarkable proof of his generosity and
forgiving spirit under circumstances peculiarly annoy-
ing. Scarcely had he bought the site of Winchester
College, when a litigious tailor, named Devereux,
brought an action of ejectment, pretending a right on
the part of his wife to three acres of the ground in
Dummers Mede. The fraud was detected before the
judges of King's Bench, and the dishonest plaintiff
condemned in costs to the amount of about 2007. ;
they were defrayed by Wykeham, who subsequently
allowed a pension to the man, when some years after
he was reduced to poverty. In the year 1377 he paid
all the debts of the Austin canons of Selborne, which



1400.]
89
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.

amounted to above one hundred and ten marks: a
few years before he died he made them a gift of 100
marks, although in 1387 he had endeavoured to in-
duce them to reform their evil manners and rebuild
the conventual buildings. In 1462 Waynflete se-
questered the revenues; in 1486 it was found neces-
sary to annex the foundation to Magdalen College in
Oxford.
To prove his gratitude to his early patron, Wyke-
ham had the satisfaction of educating, at Winchester,
two boys of the family of Uvedale, perhaps the
grandchildren of Sir Nicholas; a difference was also
made in the cost of their support, between them and
the other scholars.
Daily in his palace hall four-and-twenty bedesmen
dined, from the time of his consecration to the see of
Winton; none who were deserving sued in vain for
his bounty ; when he had become wealthy and
attained to high rank, his life was one continued
act of prudent benevolence, seeking whom he might
befriend. The mendicant friar of Oxford, and the
monk of Selborne, the imprisoned debtor, and the
dependant tenant, alike were partakers of his bounty.
Roads, and causeways, and bridges, were repaired or
built in many parts of his diocese; as he travelled
by them, alms formed an entry in the expenses by
the way: the priory of Southwyk, in the church of
which his father, mother, and sister, had been buried;
the palaces of Wolvesey, Farnham, Southwark, and
Waltham, and the chancel of Adderbury, were in
part or wholly reconstructed by him; the repairs in
Westminster Hall during the reign of Richard II,



90
[1403.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
were probably made under his superintendence; cer-
tain it is, that his arms, as those of a benefactor, are
blazoned at Beaulieu, and on the walls of St. Mary's
church, in Oxford.
He had procured a papal bull, signed July 22nd,
1391, permitting him to nominate coadjutors without
the consent of the primate or chapter of Winchester.
On January 4th, 1402-3, he exercised his privilege,
and deputed Dr. Nicholas Wykeham and Dr. John
Elmer to act for him. He had been gradually sink-
ing since May 1401; he had found it necessary to
invite the assistance of some bishop, not unfrequently
of Thomas Merks, the deprived Bishop of Carlisle, at
the time of holding ordinations of the clergy. His
removals from one palace to another at length were
restricted to a rare visit to Winchester. South Wal-
tham became his permanent residence. Within the
neighbouring priory of Southwyk, his father, his
mother, and his sister, lay asleep: he was making
ready in hope to join them in the company of the
elect.
In 1369, the king permitted Wykeham to assign
the Prior of Southwyk the manors of Bourhunte,
Herbend, and Herberlynd, with all their lands and
manors appertaining, on condition of finding one
armed soldier for fifteen days, to serve in Porchester
Castle (Abbrev. Ro. Orig., xxxix, vol. ii, page 305).
In St. Mary's, Southwyk, a priory of Austin Canons,
Wykeham founded five canonries and chantries.
There is an acknowledgment, dated April 8th, 1407,
by prior Thomas, to Thomas Ayleward, Wykeham's
executor, of 501., in part payment of one hundred


1403.)
91
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.

marks, devised by the founder for the works in the
church, and especially for the roof over the vault
wherein his parents lay.- Archæol. Journal, vol. iii,
p. 221.
The eyes of the aged prelate,—so we are told,
always filled with tears as he sang the prayer of
Requiem : the memories of the beloved dead mingling
the sense of man's unworthiness to be the
anointed servant of the Lord.
It was to mark his regard for the venerable pre-
late, unable to bear the fatigues of a long journey,
we may well believe, that King Henry celebrated his
nuptials on January 7th, 1403, with Queen Joan,
before the high altar of Winchester. Magnificent,
indeed, must its long-drawn aisles have shone;
the jewelled shrines, statues of gold and silver, and
chiselled stone glowing in the light of a hundred
torches, as the royal pair passed down in the train
of mitred prelates, nobles, and knights, before the
triumphant peals of the organs and instruments of
music.
The next great ceremonial that filled nave and
choir with clustering crowds, was the last obsequies
of Wykeham.
Before the summer of 1383, he had founded a
chantry in the church of Winchester. On August
16th, 1404, the prior and convent, having received
from him 2001. to maintain a chaplain at a salary of
twenty marks a-year, signed a declaration to abide


1 He likewise founded an annual obit in St. George's Chapel at
Windsor, on May 29th, 1402 ; the officiating chaplain to receive twenty
marks by the year.

92
[1404.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
by the regulations which he made for the celebration
of three masses daily, and anthems and prayers for
the dead to be sung every night at his tomb.
He signed his will on July 4th, 1403, and a codicil
on January 10th, 1404: these contain nearly two
hundred and thirty separate bequests, to the value of
about 70001., attesting his piety, gratitude, affection,
and benevolence.1

-
1 His will is an imperishable monument of his care for the diocese
over which he had presided during thirty-six years; his religious temper,
goodness of heart, singular exactitude, and consideration for those who
were entrusted with its fulfilment. It thus opens “In nomine et
honore Summæ ac Individuæ Trinitatis, Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus
Sancti. Amen. Quià omne quod fit in tempore, in tempore corrumpe-
tur, et quodlibet mortale vivens paulatim dilabetur ac deficit, donec
veniat ad ultimum defectum, qui est mors : et nescio quamdiù subsistet,
et quandò tollet me Factor meus, eò quòd cunctis diebus nunc milito
expecto donec veniat immutatio mea ; hâc meditatione gravi et con-
tinuâ sollicitus et pulsatus, ego, Wilhelmus Wykeham, Altissimo per-
mittente, humilis minister ecclesiæ cathedralis Winton, licet indignus ;
non ponens spem meam in præsentis vita brevitate, quæ est vapor ad
modicum parens, et subitò transiens : sciens me de hâc valle miseriæ
necessariò recessurum, sed diem et horam exitûs mei ignorans, ac cupiens
mea novissima prævidere priusquàm vadam ad Eum, Qui me misit; ad
honorem Plasmatoris mei et Domini Jesu Christi, Filii Dei, et pro salute
animæ meæ, et pro remissione omnium peccatorum et delictorum meorum,
testamentum meum, sive ultimam voluntatem meam, sanâ mente et puro
corde, condo, ordino, et facio in hunc modum.
“Imprimis: lego et recommendo animam meam Omnipotenti Deo, Plas-
matori et Salvatori meo, Qui eam creavit ex nihilo ; humillimo corde
Ipsius clementiam deprecans, et requirens, ut eam per debitum magnæ
misericordiæ Suæ, in societate electorum Suorum collocare dignetur.
“Item : lego corpus meum, cùm ab hâc luce migravero, tradendum
ecclesiasticæ sepulturæ in medio cujusdam capellæ in navi dictæ ecclesiæ
ex parte australi ejusdem per me de novo constructæ."
Out of those goods “which the mercy of the Saviour had bestowed
upon him”, he desired that when “the expenses of his burial services to
the honour and glory of God” had been paid, all his debts should be dis-
charged in full “ without let or hindrance, controversy or delay"; and
he“ laid it on the consciences of his executors to carry out his bequests,
as they would have to give account before the most high Judge, his

1404.]
93
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.

It was to the only Saviour that his dying gaze was
directed, to Him Who had lifted him from low estate
to sit among princes, and suffered him to enjoy the
inestimable blessings of unimpaired faculties up to
that period. Until within four days of his decease,
his stewards and clergy were admitted to the upper
chamber, where he lay. No enemy survived; he had
forgiven or been reconciled to all who had done him
wrong.
His nearest friends and kinsfolk stood around
Lord Jesus Christ”: desiring them to pay to all decayed and needy per-
sons, heretofore his tenants, living at the place of his death, and in all
places through which his body should be carried to the grave, 4d. each ;
to all who asked alms, 2d., or at the least, 1d. ; and to every one seeking
a bounty on the day of his burial, for the love of God and his soul's
health, 4d.; and between the poor prisoners in Newgate, the Marshalsea,
Wolvesey, Oxford, Guildford, and Old and New Sarum, 2001. He re-
quires his executors to see that the rebuilding of the nave of the cathe-
dral be carried on and completed between the north and south aisles,
from the west door of the choir to the west end; and to expend, if
necessary, 2,500 marks upon the works, which were to be continued
under the care of William Winford ; Simon Membury (treasurer of
Wolvesey, to whom he bequeathed 101.), then paymaster and surveyor ; and
the comptroller, John Wayte, a monk of St. Swithin's ; the prior and
convent finding scaffolding, sand, and lime, and permitting the old mate-
rials of the walls and windows, if found serviceable, to be used ; he gave
besides 500 marks to be expended on glazing the south aisle (then nearly
complete), and the residue of which was to be devoted to similar purposes
in the north aisle (which he had begun). To the church he left a new
suit of vestments of crimson cloth, striped and embroidered with golden
lions; thirty copes, with orfreys (embroidered edgings), of the same mate-
rial, wrought with the history of Jesse; a monstrance of beril (an opaque
porcelain of a sea-green colour, like the precious stone the beril) for the
host; and a golden cross, with reliques of the “tree of the Lord”; to
the prior, a silver-gilt cup and cover, and a silver-gilt ewer, valued at
201.; to each monk in priest's orders, 5 marks; and to each of the rest, 40s.:
to the king, one pair of basons silver-gilt, with double roses graven on the
rim ; and forgives him a debt of 5001. (for on July 1, 1402, the king
issued letters empowering Wykeham to sell certain crown-jewels, which he
had received in pledge for a loan of 4001., unless the money was repaid at
Christmas. (Rymer, iv, P. 1, p. 31.) The executors petitioned the council
for the payment of 350l. over and above these 5001., and for 1000l. due


a

94
[1404
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
his bed; and one constantly read words of heavenly
comfort, and prayers of good hope; with lifted hand
he implored the mercy of his God, that he might
pass from death to life, from bondage to freedom,
from exile to home, into the presence of his merciful
Redeemer.
On Saturday, September 27th, 1404, at eight o'clock
in the morning, there was a still hush in that cham-
the features of the dying prelate had grown
ber;

from Richard II (MS. Ayscough, 4597, No. clxvi]. The king, on Dec. 14,
1418, acquitted the executors from any penalties or annoyance to be in-
curred on account of the escape of the prisoners mentioned page 68 [Ibid.,
No.xcix]: he left to the primate, Thomas Arundel, a gold ring, set with a
ruby, a gold chain with beads, engraved “I.H.S. est amor meus”, and
an alms-dish ; to his successor in the see (Cardinal Beaufort) his best
Pontifical, Missal, and Breviary, adorned with nine baleys and a hundred
and forty-one pearls, his best episcopal ring of gold set with a sapphire,
surrounded with four baleys (a fine kind of carbuncle), and his best
chalice of gold, having on its foot mosaic-work, with the picture of the
Passion. To Robert de Braybrooke, bishop of London (he died, however,
before the founder, on Aug. 27, 1404), his state bed at Wolvesey, and a set
of crimson tapestry belonging to it ; to New College, his mitre, pastoral
staff, dalmatics, and sandals ; to the warden of either of his colleges, 10
marks, a cup silver-gilt with a cover, and an ewer silver-gilt, worth 20
marks, for the perpetual use of the wardens and their successors; to every
fellow in priest's orders at either of his colleges, 26s. 8d.; to the other
fellows, being laymen, in New College, 208.; to each fellow in minor
orders, 16s. 8d.; and to every scholar in either of his colleges, 13s. 4d.;
to every conduct-chaplain officiating in either of his colleges during
two years after his death, 208.; and for distribution among the several
clerks, choristers, and servants, in either of his colleges, 101. To the
college of Winton his plain mitre with gold fringes; his Bible which he
had commonly used; and the following books, the Catholicon, Rationale
Divinorum, Horarium Bartholomæi, Vita Sancti Thomæ, and Pars Oculi;
to the head-master, Thomas Romsey, 100s.; and to the “Hostiarius”, 20s.
He ordains the celebration of a daily mass from the time of his death to
the day of his interment, and for forty days next after, before the
societies of both his colleges, in their respective chapels, to be sung with
note, and a solemn mass of Requiem. He bequeathed to the cathedral
of Sarum 201., for the celebration of a commemoration and trental ; to
the abbot of Hyde, a silver-gilt cup; and to each member of his convent

;


1404.]
95
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.

more heavenly, the brow seren'e, the lips scarce moved,
the drooping hand and gently closing eye gave the
sign that his ending was peace: the watchers looked
again—a smile yet lingered on the features swathed
in deep tranquillity: the moment which bears the
soul of the pardoned into the everlasting arms can
admit of no sorrowing tear.
From Waltham to Winchester the funeral pro-
cession passed through ranks of people, almsmen,
in priest's orders, 40s.; and to every other monk, 20s.; to the abbot and
convent of Waverley, 101.; to the prior and convent of Taunton, 100
marks ; to the abbot of Tichfield, a suit of vestments and a chalice; to
the abbesses of St. Mary's Winton, and Romsey, each 5 marks; and to
each of their nuns, 13s. 4d. For the repairs of the minster and cloisters
of Romsey he gave 401., which were due to him ; and to the parish
church, 20 marks ; and to Felicia Ays, his cousin, a sister of that house,
afterwards abbess, 100s.
To the abbess and convent of Wherwell, and to the prior and convent
of St. Denys, Southampton, each 20 marks; to the prior and convent of
Witney, 101. ; to the prior and convent of Taurygge, 100s.; to the fra-
ternity of brethren and sisters and bedesmen, of St. Thomas's Hospital,
Southwark, and the four houses of mendicant friars at Winton, each
10 marks ; to the hospital of St. Cross, à suit of vestments, a chalice, and
a pair of basins blazoned with a mill-rind; to the hospital of St. Nicholas,
Portsmouth, and to the church of St. Mary, Southampton, each a suit of
vestments and a chalice; to the college of St. Elizabeth, Winton, a pair
of basins with an image of St. Martin on horseback, and two silver cruets
for the high altar; to the hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, Winton, 100s.;
to the Sustern Spytal at Winchester, 408.; to each of the churches of
Hameldon and East Meon, a breviary and chalice ; to the churches of
Witney, Farnham, Chiriton, Havont, and Burghclere, each a suit of
vestments, a cope, and chalice; to the churches of Fallegh, Crawley,
Alverstoke, South Waltham, and Drokenesford, each a cope and a cha-
lice. Among his kinsfolk, he left to Alice Perot, to John Wyke-
ham, rector of Crowndale, to Edith Ryngbourne, to Agnes Wodelock, to
Joan Mavyell, to Edith Croyser, to Lady Agnes Sandes, each 1001.; to
Thomas Warenner he forgave a debt of 100 marks; to his sons Thomas
and Reginald, to William Ryngebourne, to John Benet of Botley, to
Ellen Wykeham, and to William Savage, rector of Overton, and to John
Keton, precentor of Southampton, each 201.; to John Wykeham, rector
of Biriton, to incept in divinity, 501.; to Selote Purbyk, 101.; to William



96
[1404.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
a
and tenants, weeping for their benefactor. In the
colleges at Oxford and Winchester there were sad
hearts, as when men mourn for a father.
The chantry in the south aisle of the cathedral is
formed between two piers of the nave: in length it
is divided into three bays—the middlemost composed
of three compartments—the side-bays of but two:
five niches are over the head of the effigy-ten above
the ancient altar: part of the credence table yet

Hengford, and to the chief justices, the illustrious Sir William Gascoigne
of the King's Bench, and to Sir William Thirning of the Common Pleas,
each one gold ring set with a diamond, or a reliquary of the value of
100s.; to Robert Faryngton, a psalter and set of prayers; to John
Uvedale, and to Henry Popham, each a silver cup or jewel to the value
of 10 marks ; to John Chamflour, Nicholas Bray, and Stephen Cave,
each a cup or jewel to the value of 51. To his executors, Robert, bishop
of London, Nicholas Wykeham, archdeacon of Wilts, John Elmere, offi-
cial general of Winton, John de Campeden, archdeacon of Surrey, Thomas
Chelrey, seneschal of the episcopal lands, Sir Thomas Wykeham, his
heir and great-nephew, and Thomas Aylward, rector of Havont, he
bequeathed 10007., to be divided equally amongst them; and to each, one
silver vase worth 501. His heir, Sir Thomas Wykeham, the son of
William Perot and Alice Champneys, high sheriff of Berks (1 & 5 Hen. V,
and 5 & 9 Hen. VI), received manors and lands, producing an income of
600 marks by the year; besides 1001., which he had lent to New College
for twenty years, to defend the title of the society. His will was signed
in presence of William Norton, Thomas Lavington, William Butillere,
John Knight, and William Doune, clerk in the diocese of Exeter and
notary public—the two former received a silver vase worth 261. 13s. 4d.;
Butillere and Knight, each 201. and a chalice; and the scribe of his
will, 51. The will was proved before Thomas Arundel, the primate, at
Coventry, on October 9th, 1404. He desired John Maydenheth, his
vicar, and the prior of Winchester, to certify him of its execution before
St. Andrew's Day next ensuing. The value of legacies in the codicil
amounts to about 10001., which was divided amongst his kinsfolk,
friends, and aged or faithful servants. He had paid them during his
life-time.
To Mr. Thomas J. Hardy, assistant secretary at Lambeth, I am indebted
I
for access to the Register of Archbishop Arundel, P. 1, f. 215-6, in which
is contained the will of Wykeham. An imperfect copy will be found in
Cotton MS. Titus, A. xxxiv. There is another at Winchester.

1404.]
97
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
remains. The offerings of Wykehamists, we regret
to add, are needed to complete the restoration of the
ancient colouring.
ILLETTE
Beneath the spot where the schoolboy prayed, the
honoured prelate sleeps. Upon a raised tomb of
alabaster, beneath the lofty vaulting of a chapel rich
in carved work, is laid the figure of a peaceful slum-
berer, in his holy robes, the mitre on his head, the
staff by his side, his face turned heavenward, and his
hands joined in prayer across the bosom concealed by
purple folds. The lines of thought, the lineaments
of high resolve and noblest courage, are imprinted
on the pale countenance; good angels watch around

H

98
[1404.
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
the head ; at the feet are seated children, in the
dress of his students, with loving faces praising their
benefactor.
He yielded his soul to God, and his memory to
his country. His fame and institutions are our inhe-
ritance. Let us remember to appreciate their value.
Quicquid ex eo amavimus, quicquid mirati sumus,
manet mansurumque est in animis hominum, in æter-
nitate temporum, famâ rerum.”—Tacitus, Agricola,
CG

c. xlvi.
The inscription is most unworthy of the founder ;
unlike his spirit of humility, calling himself “ humilis
minister Ecclesiæ Winton. licet indignus”.
Wilhelmus dictus Wykeham jacet hic nece victus,
Istius Ecclesiæ præsul, reparavit eamque,
Largus erat dapifer, probat hoc cum divite pauper,
Consiliis pariter regni fuerat benè dexter.
Hunc docet esse pium fundatio Collegiorum,
Oxoniæ primum stat, Wintoniæque secundum ;
Jugiter oretis, tumulum quicunque videtis,
Pro tantis meritis ut sit sibi vita perennis.

The tomb was repaired in 1664:
Sol. Mro. Bird pro reparando monumento Fundatoris,
11:7:8. Mro. Hawkins pingenti et deauranti monu-
mentum Fundatoris, 6:13: 8. Fabro ferrario confici-
enti ferream les Hearse pro statua Fundatoris, 0:17: 6.
Conficienti novam seruram cum clave et duplici vecte
ad Capellam monumenti, 0:17:0. Pro 12 ulnis canabi
pro tegumento ad statuam Fundatoris, ad xxd. per
ulnam et pro conficiendo eodem, 1:1:10. Pro xxxiiij
tridentibus accuminatis ferreis et pro le spikes, 2s. :
,
3:8:0. George et operario per iij dies et dimid.
faciendo foramina et cum plumbo figenti le spickes circa
summitates tumuli Fundatoris, 0 : 9:4.

1404.]
99
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
Above and beneath the portrait in the possession
of the warden of New College are these lines :
Qui condis dextrâ, condis collegia lævâ ;
Nemo tuarum unam vicit utraque manu.
Hunccine tam cultas tibi qui sacraverit ædes,
Extincto pateris nomine, musa, mori ?
Musa, perire veta ; vetuit te, musa, perire
Wykehamus, et quàmvis ipse sepultus alit.
Thither, indeed, do his thoughtful sons still make
their pilgrimage, and implore God, Who is to be
praised as well for the dead as for them that be alive,
to raise up in His church like-minded bishops such
as Wykeham; and to grant that all they, who, by
his benefits, are being now brought up to godliness
and the studies of good learning, may use those
blessings to His honour, and may, with His elect,
be brought to the immortal glory of His resur-
rection.
Still, in the grateful hearts of his sons is Wyke-
ham's best tomb; his colleges, his best memorial.
Still, with humble hope and heartfelt gratitude, while
those walls remain, with pealing organ and voices of
joy shall be sung

The righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance ;
The souls of the just are in the hand of God.
The wise old man is gone!
His honoured head lies low,
And his thoughts of power are done,
And his voice's manly flow;
And the pen that, for truth, like a sword was drawn,
Is still and soulless now.
H2

100
LIFE OF WYKEHAM.
The brave old man is gone!
With his armour on he fell;
Nor a groan, nor a sigh was drawn,
When his spirit fled to tell ;
For mortal sufferings keen and long
Had no power his heart to quell.
The good old man is gone!
He is gone to his saintly rest,
Where no sorrow can be known,
And no trouble can molest,
For his crown of life is won,
And the dead in the Lord are blest.
DOANE.


.

THE CHRONICLE
OF
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
AND COMMONERS,
NEAR WINCHESTER.



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อัตราการ
miteim:cpsfödator
WEAVISIDE & CLAMOTTES
6.3.๕ del,

ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE,
ETC.
As he returned from Winchester College, Sir H. Wotton said to a friend, "My now being in
that school, and seeing that very place where I sat when I was a boy, occasioned me to
remember those very thoughts of my youth which then possessed me: sweet thoughts,
indeed, that promised my growing years numerous pleasures without mixture of cares ;
and those to be enjoyed when time, which I therefore thought slowpaced, had changed my
youth into manhood. I saw there a succession of boys using the same recreations, and
questionless possessed with the same thoughts that then possessed me. Thus one gene-
ration succeeds another, both in their lives, recreations, hopes, fears, and death."-
Izaak Walton.
In war, in theology, in science, the fourteenth was a
century of conflict. It was the theatre whereon Robert
Bruce and William Tell played their high parts at
Kuznach and Bannockburn; the days of the Ed-
wards, Du Guesclin, and the Black Prince. Wars
had lasted through weary years, and the hard-fought
fields of France been strewn with the flower of the
soldiers of England. It was the era of the disputes
between the Guelph and the Ghibelline for the
crown of the empire; of the internal discords of the
Italian republics; of the guilty intrigues of Naples ;
of anarchy and turbulence in Spain and Portugal.
The Ottoman power was growing formidable, and
menacing the frontier of Christendom. Tamerlane
swept with his hordes the fertile plains of India.
The crescent of the false prophet yet glittered above


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ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
the desecrated churches of Andalusia, Murcia, and
Granada. The princes of Lithuania still lay in the
darkness of heathendom. The fountains of anarchy
and distress were broken up in this night of the
nations. The enormous power of the popes, that had
waged no unequal contest with king and Cæsar, was
ready to be rent from their enfeebled hands, while
Europe should behold with amazement the scandal
of two pontiffs, rival claimants of the heritage of
St. Peter's chair, fulminating mutual anathemas from
the altars of Rome and Avignon, and dividing western
Christendom into one broad battle-field of Urbanite
and Clementine. Between patriarch and pope, it was
a time alternately of furious debate and fruitless nego-
tiation. The lust for gold of the tyrant Philip le Bel
had cut off to a man, with the most cruel torments,
the whole maligned Order of the Knights Templars,
and not a hand was raised to interpose between that
judicial massacre and its victims. The familiar of the
Inquisition was striking in the gloom of the dungeon,
and binding to the stake, in the open day, the fanatical
Béguine, the Mystic of the Free Spirit, the Flagellant,
and the Dancer. It was a daily sight to see the men-
dicant orders quarrelling with the monk and secular
clergy; Franciscan with Dominican; and, in foreign
countries, the exasperated combatants consigning the
defeated to the fire. Palamas was rending the eastern
Church in his controversy with Barlaam and the
Quietists. The knowledge of Holy Scripture and the
study of the fathers were almost lost. Ignorance was
in the village, and sloth in the city.
The exaggerated claims of the papal see, and its



1400.)
105
AND COMMONERS.
unseemly schism in 1378, produced confusion in all the
relations of public and private life; the Church had
been enfeebled and convulsed by its conflict with the
secular power. Scholastic and philosophical divines
frittered away religion into fine terms of the meta-
physician, and arrayed the disciples of Duns Scotus
and Occam one against the other; polemical sects
wrangled over the dreamings of Aquinas and the
pages of Aristotle (introduced by the mendicant friars,
burlesqued in Arabic, and retranslated into Latin),
and read by turns the Grecian sage, and the phi-
losophic schoolman. The fire yet smouldered and
burned in secret, which was kindled in the next
century. That momentous revolution had not yet
burst forth, which formally severed the western
Church. Inwardly the spirit of change was working,
and even outwardly immediate danger seemed to the
watchful and intelligent eye to threaten its unity.
It was a critical age in the annals of mankind. The
tide of opposition to the papal power had begun to
rise, and from this time to roll onward with increas-
ing force. The real abuses in the Church were about
to be uncloaked by rude hands before the eyes of
The voices of the heralds of the Reformation
were sounding in Bohemia, and even in England;
and while friar and monk were engaged in jealous
quarrels, the powerful party of Wickliffe and his
Lollards, bearing an invincible hatred to the Church,
was gaining strength.
The century opened while science and philosophy
were still in their childhood, yet it can boast of
Dante Alighieri, the poet of the unseen world; of
men.


106
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Petrarch, singing of Laura and worshipping Rienzi;
of Boccaccio, the graceful but licentious author of
the Decameron ; Froissart; Hafiz, of Persia ; and,
besides lesser names, our own Knighton, Chaucer, the
morning-star of English song, and the moral Gower.
The three first were the foremost in the restoration of
the old eloquence of the Roman, and the pioneers of
modern learning; when men were still pleased with
the visionary and star-gazer, the speculations of the
alchemist, and the maze of subtleties invented in the
cloister. The intricacies of the canon law formed
the prominent study, as the sure road to preferment
in Church and State. Arabic works on geometry
and physics were a late introduction into England.
The study of Hebrew was promoted by Clement V:
a simple monk of Calabria, Barlaam, had just begun
his noble work of reviving a taste for Grecian litera-
ture and the language of Homer. Natural philosophy
and science were at a low ebb. Mathematics could
boast only the name of Bradwardine. Geography was
so little known, that the English ambassador is said to
have hurried homewards from Rome, on hearing that
the Pope had bestowed the Fortunate islands upon the
king of Spain ; his patriotism leading him to believe
that such a title could be applied to his native country
alone. Medicine, scientific and practical, had been
neglected; civil law little cared for: theoretic physics
had usurped the place of the first, canon law that of
the latter; so that the students of law and medicine
repaired to the great cities, where they could live in
the neighbourhood of the courts and hospitals. Arts
were taught after a worn-out tradition, and thus gra-



a

1400.]
AND COMMONERS.
107
dually the layman left the universities, which thus
became the schools of ecclesiastics only.
There was yet a brief pause, before the enthusiasm
for classical models, produced by the study of the
learned languages, created a new era in history, in-
toxicated statesman and politician studying in the
school of Greek and Roman diplomacy, and influ-
enced letters and the fine arts, introducing the Pagan
element into the productions of poet, painter, sculp-
tor, and architect. The darkness had begun to
lighten and disperse. The stormy period of wars
passed away during a stagnation of the national
mind. But the enthusiasm of the Crusades was
departed, to give place to the enthusiasm of study.
There was a wakening among the people, a percep-
tible advance towards a state of greater refine-
ment. Citizens had grown influential in the town:
the merchant had acquired weight in the community.
The discipline of the feudal times had been relaxed.
The emancipation of the serfs drew near. Men had
begun to sicken of the barren intellectual gratifica-
tion yielded by the dead forms, the mechanical exer-
cises, the meagre formalisms of abstract sciences :
the days of the reign of empiricism and astrology
were numbered : men pined for the graces of the
imagination, and an accession of positive and new
knowledge: they longed to be free from the jargon
of metaphysical disputation. French was still the
language of the noble and the lawyer ; Latin, of the
learned and the chroniclers. At this propitious mo-
ment the writings of Chaucer recommended the culti-
vation of the native tongue, and contributed to put to





108
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flight the Norman badge of servitude, which had been
retained in the palace of the king and in the courts
of justice since the conquest. The laws had been
amended; judges and pleaders appeared learned men:
and jurisprudence in Edward's reign “ seemed”, says
Sir Matthew Hale, “ to be near its meridian.”
The dawn of a golden age began for the universi-
ties at this period, and saw students, with an ardour
hitherto unknown, crowding their halls. In Italy
ten universities were founded in this century: Rome
and Fermo, 1303; Perugia, 1307; Treviso, 1320 ;
Pisa, 1339; Florence, 1348; Sienna, 1357; Pavia,
1361; Lucca, 1369; Ferrara, 1391; Geneva, 1365;
and Palermo, in 1394. In Oxford three colleges were
founded: Exeter, 1315; Oriel, 1324; Queen’s, 1340.
In Cambridge: Clare Hall, 1326; Pembroke Hall,
1347; Trinity Hall, 1350; Gonvil Hall, 1348; and
Corpus Christi College, 1351. In France: Orleans,
1305; Perpignan, 1340; Anjou, 1349; and Angers,
1364. In Spain: Valladolid, 1346; Huesca, 1354.
In Portugal: Coimbra, 1391. In Germany: Prague,
1348; Vienna, 1365; Heidelberg, 1387; Cologne,
1388; Erfurt, 1392. The earliest colleges in the
English universities date only from the preceding
century. Hostels were built for their own students
by the Dominicans and Franciscan friars, owing to
their jealousy of the monastic and secular clergy.
Most of the cathedrals had a school attached to them,
the course of study in which was necessarily restricted;
and in consequence the instruction received at the
university was generally of an elementary cast, in-
cluding the trivium, viz., grammar, logic and rhetoric,



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109
AND COMMONERS.
and the quadrivium, viz., arithmetic, geometry, astro-
nomy, and music. The student who compassed the
last division was hailed as a prodigy of learning. To
the university of Paris may be traced the earliest esta-
blishment of faculties of Theology, Physic, and Law.
Bologna, in 1362, following the model of Paris, was
permitted to have a school of divinity, as a special
favour of the Pope. At this period also, we must
remember that instruction could only be commu-
nicated orally to classes, owing to the lack of manu-
scripts and books. By a constitution of Clement V,
in 1311, professors of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and
Chaldaic, were established at Oxford.
The internal state of the university of Oxford pre-
sents a melancholy spectacle. The wars had induced
many students to exchange the scholar's gown for
the soldier's mail ; and five fearful plagues had scat-
tered the rest away from the seat of learning. After
the terrible black death of 1349, not one-third of
their number returned; in 1387 there were not six
thousand students resident; in the early part of the
century there had been thirty thousand. The clergy
had likewise suffered: the parish churches were fall-
ing into decay, and the statues of their founders lay
nameless among the ruins of their works : illiterate
widowed laymen, hastily advanced to the priesthood,
celebrated the divine offices in a language which
they could hardly read. Oxford was still destitute
of good Latin scholars, or of an efficient library;
until the munificent Richard of Bury bequeathed his
collection for the especial use of the scholars. The
violent and barbarous feuds between Welchman and
e


110
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ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Southron, representing the Nominalist or Occam
party, and the Northerns, the Realists or Scotist sect;
the perpetual disputes between the academicians and
friars; and the quarrels—not always bloodless—of
—
the gown and the townsmen, had wrought a decay
in intellectual energy. By 9 Hen. V, § 8, several
students were banished from the university by statute,
for poaching at night in the neighbouring parks.
Degrees were offered for sale, and exhibitions kept
back from the poor scholars, who obtained licences
under the chancellor's seal, permitting them “ to beg
with scrip and wallet, singing · Salve Regina’ at rich
men's doors.” Even in 1448 the lying of many
scholars in one room was said to breed a pestilence.
There was one man who perceived the want of his
country, and foresaw the fatal effects of the degene-
racy in the discipline of religious bodies, and the
violent commotions that would inevitably ensue: a
man of real sanctity, the humblest piety, and gifted
with the highest and most original powers of mind.
Wykeham had rendered and would continue to render
great political services to the common weal, occupied
an eminent rank in the state, and possessed a splendid
revenue-power—wealth—station, the most corrupt-
ing of all human temptations: his power, wealth, and
station he determined to bestow in a manner most
conducive to the welfare of his country. With a
generous unblinded mind, he perceived the abuses
and scandals existing in the Church, and while he
reprehended the shame he designed a remedy. He
was not falsely secure. In the expression of his feel-
ings, as shown in his statutes, we know not which to




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111
AND COMMONERS.

admire most, the clear, masterly mind, the philo-
sophic spirit, the minute precision and attention given
to the least matters, or the sweet, modest, simplicity
of language displayed by Wykeham. Full of love
for the truth, vigorous and bold in his designs, rich
in charity, he was the real man for that epoch, he
acted as though he had received a call to effect those
reforms and institute that model of education which
were imperatively necessary in religious foundations.
This extraordinary prelate must ever hold a con-
spicuous place in the history of his country; and his
name continue fresh as long as the colleges of Winton
and Oxford—the magnificent records of his munifi-
cence, grandeur of mind, and devotion—shall meet
the traveller's eye, or their memorial survive in those
institutions which owed their existence to him.
Wykeham was in the prime of his powers; full of
hope, he would not shrink from the onerous labours
that lay before him. His learning, his zeal, his sim-
plicity of purpose, eminently qualified him for the
task. Wykeham was no man's shadow, his plan was
as original as it was extensive in form and magnifi-
cent. His was one great and comprehensive design, to
lead the scholar from the first elements and alphabet
of knowledge, to the highest learning in the sciences
and polite letters. His ample means and large mind
were devoted to the reform of education. It was no
wonder that men gave the name of New College to
his foundation in Oxford ; halls, mere houses for the
reception of students, abounded in the university;
Walter de Merton had sketched the dim outline of
a larger prospect, but it remained for the master-




112
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ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
hand of Wykeham to lay the foundation of a better
system, and give the substance: to exhibit students
living under the immediate control and discipline
of tutors, and lodged in the chambers of a single
college. Wykeham confirmed and established the
collegiate system, his sagacity caught the spirit of
the times and discerned their necessities: with a mag-
nificence unsurpassed by royalty itself, he gave the
model and example after which subsequent founders
framed their institutions. He himself had been de-
.
pendent on his personal exertions for his maintenance.
Led by the steadfastness and zeal that urge men to
the service appointed of God, his predominant idea
was to furnish a perpetual patronage of poor scholars,
whereby they might overcome the barriers set up by
fortune or low estate; and the result has been the
highest and loftiest reward earth can offer, the grati-
tude and affectionate esteem of successive generations.
This he determined to do by way of assistance, but
not, it appears, by the provision of a complete main-
tenance independent of the aid of their friends for
their support. Wykeham determined to consecrate
his wealth to the honour of God, who had made him
great. His first thought was to raise up a college to
produce men capable of promoting the public good,
and stamped with a character which would distin-
guish them among the scholars and gentlemen of
Europe.
In the course of his visitations of the hospitals and
monasteries he studied the rules of sacred orders, and
the statutes of the religious; and he discovered that
the will of the pious founders was neglected, their


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113
AND COMMONERS.
intentions ill-observed. In weariness of spirit he
resolved to provide a more liberal education, raise
the standard of knowledge far above the imperfect
teaching offered by the monasteries, and distribute
his wealth with his own hands among the poor and
deserving. Grave anxieties and fear of abuse of his
bounty suggested themselves : difficulties multiplied
a hundredfold. He cast himself upon his knees,
implored the aid of heaven, and invoked the illu-
mination of the Holy Spirit to guide him in his un-
certainties. He designed such a foundation as would
serve to the honour of God and the increase of true
religion, the maintenance of the Christian faith, and
the encouragement of the studies of good learning
and the liberal arts. He determined upon establish-
ing his design in his life-time, and set in action the
great work which he had at heart; he pondered and
reckoned its cost, after mature deliberation and pru-
dent choice. He would see somewhat of the benefi-
cial result himself.
Wykeham could not have made a wiser selection,
among all the cities of his native country. As the
site of his institution, he chose the ancient capital of
the Briton, the Saxon, the Norman, a soil rife with
historic memories, beyond all others rich in scenes
of antique beauty, and summoning up a hundred
recollections of events in our national history to sti-
mulate and interest the susceptible heart of boyhood.
The presence of a court would give a peculiar polish
and softening to the manners, during a time of war
and armed men.
We shall find him recommending
the “curialis modus” to his scholars. Treading in the

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114
[1386.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
footsteps of the wise and great, the mind would in-
sensibly catch a noble colour and cast. The monu-
ments of piety and antiquity are ever before the
youthful scholar's eyes. The venerable beauty and
sacred quietude of the minster, must needs sink
deeply down into his soul.
Nobly thus did he fulfil his promise which he had
made before he received the mitre, if we may believe
the traditionary story, that, being calumniated to the
king, on his nomination to the bishopric, as one unfit
from lack of learning for that high office, he replied:
“Sire, I am unworthy; but wherein I am wanting
myself, that will I supply by a brood of more scho-
lars than all the prelates of England ever showed.”
Wood's Hist. of Oxford. iii, p. 174. Parker's Antiq.
in Vitá S. Sudbury, p. 257. Lond. : 1743.

But when gracious Edward slept, and Richard wore the crown,
Forth came good William Wykeham, and meekly knelt him down ;
Then out spake young King Richard: “What boon can Wykeham ask,
Which can surpass his worth, or our bounty overtask ?
For art thou not our chancellor ? and where in all the realm
Is a wiser man or better, to guide the labouring helm ?
And thou knowest the holy lore, and the mason's cunning skill ;
So speak the word, good Wykeham, for thou shalt have thy will."
“I ask not wealth nor honour,” the bishop lowly said,
“ Too much of both thy grandsire's hand heaped on a poor priest's head :
This world it is a weary load, it presses down my soul :
Fain would I pay my vows, and to heaven restore the whole.
Grant me that two fair colleges, beneath thy charters sure,
At Oxford and at Winchester, for ever may endure,
Which Wykeham's hands shall raise upon the grassy sod,
,
In the name of Blessed Mary, and for the love of God.”

The king he sealed the charters, and Wykeham traced the plan,
And God, Who gave him wisdom, prospered the lowly man ;
So two fair colleges arose,-one in calm Oxford's glade,
And one where Itchen sparkles beneath the plane-tree shade.
ROUNDELL PALMER, Anniv. Ballad, 1843.
1386.]
115
AND COMMONERS.
In the midst of a pleasant valley, sheltered by the
heights of St. Giles', St. Catherine's, and the range
of hills which is now known as Oliver's Battery,
is situated the ancient city of Winchester ; its chief
streets being built on either side of a gentle de-
clivity, sloping to the south-east: towards the sea
coast, distant only twelve miles, the clear streams of
the Itchen, rich in trout and river-fish, divide its
fertile water - meads; sea-birds, at times, are seen
hovering over the breezy downs, which stretch away
beyond the hills.
Just outside the King's Gate and the minster walls
of St. Swithin's, stood a decayed grammar-school,
built upon the ruins of a Roman temple of Apollo,
and perpetuated on this site from the ninth century.
The sons of kings had studied within its walls,
Ethelwolph, Ethelward, Ethelwold, and the immortal
Alfred himself. In the twelfth century, Bishop de
Blois had made provision in the Hospital of St. Cross
for thirteen poor scholars from the cathedral school
to have their dinner daily in the “ hundred mennes-
hall.” Wykeham's early associations were linked
with its time-worn buildings, and he determined to
found there a school which should, if God permitted,
endure for ages, to His honour, and England's welfare.
His first step was to purchase certain lands from
the prior and convent of St. Swithin's; a messuage
attached to Dumer's Mede, containing an acre and a
half; and Otterbourne Mede, three acres in extent,
lying between the Sustern Spital and the gardens and
closes of Kingsgate-street on the west, abutting on
the gardens and closes of the Carmelite friars on the

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[1383.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
south, and to the east on a house named Caritè, be-
longing to the cathedral, and on a pathway leading
to the conventual manor De la Barton, and on the
north upon the king's highway. Two separate grants
were then obtained from the crown, dated 1392, to
enclose a waste piece of ground, two hundred feet in
length and twelve feet in width, lying by the road
side, which now forms the present front of the college;
and another small plot, containing one rod of ground,
hitherto belonging to the Sustern Spital. The land,
,
however, was fully his own in 1386. The two quad-
rangles and the adjacent buildings cover a space
of
about two hundred and sixty feet by three hundred
feet. Old commoners will remember the remains of
the Sustern Spital, in the flint walls and deeply em-
bayed windows of Lower Conduit Gallery: we could
wish that the old relics had been preserved, and made
the model for the new buildings; it was a hospital
of sisters attached to the cathedral, and we find that
the founder in his will bequeathed a certain sum to it.
The original charter of foundation runs in this
form :-
Rex omnibus ad quos, etc., salutem. Sciatis, quòd
gratiâ nostrâ speciali, et ad supplicationem venerabilis
in Christo patris Willielmi Wykeham, Episcopi Win-
toniensis, concessimus et licentiam dedimus, pro nobis
et hæredibus nostris, quantum in nobis est, dilectis nobis
in Christo, priori et conventui S. Swythuni, Wynton,
quòd ipsi unum messuagium, unam acram terræ et
dimidiam, et tres acras prati cum pertinentiis in sokâ
Winton et juxta civitatem Wintoniæ ; et Thomæ Tan-
ner, de sokâ Winton, quòd ipse unum messuagium cum
pertinentiis in sokâ prædictâ, quæ de præfato episcopo,
ut de episcopatu suo Winton tenentur, ut dicitur, dare



1383.]
117
AND COMMONERS.
possint et concedere præfato episcopo: habenda et
tenenda eidem episcopo et successoribus suis, de nobis
et hæredibus nostris, per servicia indè debita et consueta
imperpetuum ; et quòd dictus episcopus habitâ indè
plenâ et pacificâ seisinâ, quoddam Collegium, sive quan-
dam domum vel aulam ad honorem et gloriam Dei, ac
gloriosæ Virginis Mariæ, Matris Ejus, et augmenta-
tionem divini servicii, tàm in dictis messuagiis, terrâ et
prato cum pertinentiis, et super eâ, quàm in aliis tribus
messuagiis cum pertinentiis in dictâ sokâ, juxta dictam
civitatem Winton, et super eâ: quæ quidem alia tria
messuagia cum pertinentiis dictus episcopus jam tenet,
ut parcellam temporalium episcopatus sui Winton fun-
dare, eidemque Collegio, domui, sive aulæ quoddam
certum nomen imponere et tribuere; et ibidem quendam
Custodem, et numerum Lxx pauperum Scolarium, stu-
dentium in grammaticâ, juxta voluntatem præfati epis-
copi, et ordinationem suam in hâc parte faciendam, ordi-
nare et stabilire; et tàm dicta messuagia, unam acram
terræ et dimidiam, et tres acras terræ sic adquirenda,
cum pertinentiis, quàm dicta alia tria messuagia, cum
pertinentiis, quæ prædictus episcopus jam tenet, dare
possit et assignare præfatis, Custodi et scolaribus, ha-
benda et tenenda sibi et successoribus suis, pro morâ et
inhabitatione eorundem, de præfato episcopo et ejus
successoribus in liberam, puram, et perpetuam elemo-
synam imperpetuum. Et præfatis Custodi et scolaribus,
quòd ipsi omnia prædicta messuagia, terram et pratum,
cum pertinentiis, de prædicto episcopo recipere et tenere
possint dictis Custodi et scolaribus et eorum successori-
bus imperpetuum, sicut prædictum est, tenore præsen-
tium similiter licentiam dedimus specialem, statuto de
terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis
edito; seu eò quòd tria messuagia, una acra terræ et
dimidium, et tres acræ prati sic adquirenda de dicto
episcopatu tenentur; seu eò quòd alia tria messuagia
cum pertinentiis sint parcella temporalium episcopatus
prædicti, qui quidem episcopatus de nostro patronatu,


118
[1383.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
et fundatione progenitorum nostrorum quondam regum
Angliæ existit, non obstantibus, etc. In cujus, etc.
T. Rege apud West. vrº die Oct.—Pat. 6 Ric. II, P. 1,
m. 9.
Wykeham's anxieties about his institutions he has
himself touchingly described in the preface to his
statutes :-
Rubric. 68. Porrò nostris temporibus diligenter in-
speximus antiquorum patrum traditiones et sanctorum
regulas varias approbatas, necnon traditionum et regu-
larum ipsarum multiplices professores, sed quod displi-
center referimus, nullicubi nunc ut olim juxta mentem
Fundatorum regulas, ordinationes, aut statuta à suis
professoribus invenimus observata, unde multipliciter
concutimur et turbamur videntes firmam regularum et
statutorum diversorum compaginem nimis errore con-
cussam, et quomodo clarum diei lumen irruens densæ
noctis obscuritas undique obfuscavit, super quo mente
perspicuâ intimè advertentes quod melius foret, nobis
bona nostra temporalia propriis manibus pauperibus
erogare, quàm usibus imprudentium sæculo durante
eadem appropriare, aut quomodolibet stabilire, perci-
pientes dilucidè animarum pericula maxima ex regulæ
suæ ordinationum et statutorum hujusmodi violatione
pluribus imminere. In his tamen sic diutiùs vacillantes,
sed auxilium Divinum in agendis devotissimè invocantes,
ad relevationem pauperum scholarium clericorum in
scholis degentium oculos nostræ mentis interiores in-
flexibiliter configimus, sub spe firmâ quòd viri literati
ac variis imbuti scientiis Deum habentes præ oculis, ac
Ejus voluntatem in regulis, ordinationibus, et statutis
observandis lucidiùs præ aliis intuentes, regulas, ordi-
nationes, et statuta illis tradita strictiùs observabunt,
quorum subsidio et relevamini compassionis humeros
supponentes finaliter determinavimus, nosque parati
sumus ad hæc opem et operam impendere juxta posse.
Ne igitur (quod absit), in nostris ordinationibus et




1373.]
119
AND COMMONERS.

statutis, sic et in aliis quampluribus jàm vidimus acci-
dere de transactis dolus vel fraus fiat in futuro, ordina-
mus et statuimus sub pænâ anathematis et indignationis
Omnipotentis Dei, nè quis Scholarium aut Sociorum
dicti nostri Collegii cujuscunque gradûs, conditionis,
statûs, scientiæ, facultatis, aut officii extiterit, pro suâ
voluntáte, voluptate, odio, seu aliâ causâ vel occasione
quâcunque ordinationum et statutorum nostrorum quic-
quam de sensu nostræ intentionis, ut præmittitur, alienâ
interpretationê excitante sinistrâ, aut quocunque suadente
colore, arte vel ingenio, occasione datâ, procuratâ, aut
etiam exquisitâ, affirmet, construat, aut defendat, aut
quovis alio modo per se vel per alium
quemcunque
aliter
quàm nostræ intentionis existit, construi, interpretari,
seu etiam affirmari quâcunque ex causâ procuret.
The plan of the future college was already faintly
sketched out in the founder's mind; the poor scholars,
the informator, and assistant hostiarius. At Merewell
manor, in his panelled morning chamber, on Septem-
ber 1st, 1373, sat the good bishop; behind his chair
stood John de Campeden, canon of the church of
Southwell, sometime the faithful master of St. Cross,
and John of Buckingham, canon of York, and here-
after bishop of Lincoln ; before him, and at the other
end of the old oak-table, were parchment rolls; and
Master John de Herton, taught by the two apostolic
notaries public at his side, was signing his hand at the
foot of the quaintly-written page; and anon he came
and put his right hand within the right hand of the
prelate, and made promise that from the next feast
of St. Michael the Archangel, he would instruct and
teach in grammar such poor scholars as the bishop
should send to him, during the space of ten years,
except when he should be sick, and while he should

;


120
[1393.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
once in that time visit the court of the holy see, and
then he should supply one sufficient and able for the
place in his stead, over and above the grammar master,
whom the bishop would find to aid him in his labours
and the school.
Lodgings were provided for the scholars in St.
John Baptist's parish on the hill. In 1382, the first
warden, Thomas de Cranlegh, was appointed by the
charter of foundation, which is dated October 20th :
the pope's bull of licence was issued June 1st, 1378.
On March 26th, 1387, at nine o'clock in the morn-
ing, the first stone of the college was laid ; during
six years slowly rose the walls, till at length all was
made ready. On March 28th, 1393, the good people
of Winchester were early abroad,-monk and friar,
citizen and soldier, man, woman, and child, thronging
the narrow streets, and gazing upon the new college,
its white walls glittering in the clear sunny air, until
was seen descending from St. Giles's Hill a little pro-
cession, singing its hymns of joy, and entered and
called its own, those sheltering precincts, in which was
to be preserved a consecrated order of collegiate life,
wherein, during four centuries and a half, have been
heard the daily sacrifice of prayer, the ever-renew-
ing lauds of morning and eventide, and the quiet
chimes, inspiring calm still thoughts of heaven, telling
through the night and all day long, of things unseen,
that are for ever. The courts filled with clustering
crowds that day, and as the sound of the swelling
organ streamed out, and the voices of the choristers
and priests were lifted up, and the holy music rose
louder and louder, the multitude bowed the head and

a



282
HO
WENCIMA
HRV
EN
E PLEHALL
C. W. Radclyffe.
I. Radelyfle.
BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE, AFTER LOGAN

1394.]
121
AND COMMONERS.

knelt along the pavement, and invoked the descend-
ing blessing of God, adoring and praising Him; as
with one tongue and one heart they made supplica-
tion, that what they beheld visibly in the material
building, might be accomplished in the soul; and
that they who should study and pray therein might
be raised up a spiritual temple unto God.
On December 20th, 1394, the first appointed fel-
lows, five in number, were inducted. On Saturday,
St. Kenelm's Day, 1394, the chapel was consecrated.
1394. Expens. Suffraganei Dni. Epi Wynton [Simonis
Epī de Achonry in Hiberniâ] existentis in Coll. cum
familiâ et equis commorant. per v. dies tempore conse-
crationis capellæ et cemeterii et claustri collegii, et pro
expensis aliorum extraneorum supervenientium per vices,
et pro die principali confectionis specialiter invitatis
unà cum donis diversis de familiâ pred. Suff., xlixs. vd.
Who could venture to describe the tumult of feel-
ings, too big for utterance, which must have thrilled
the aged founder's heart, as he knelt first before the
altar, and knew that this was the crowning act of a
long and eventful life,-how he must have trembled
with joy and emotion as he rose up and saw that
men had come to sympathize with and do him honour;
until every other earthly feeling died away, except


>
1 Primi lapidis positio fuerat facta xxvjº die Marcii horâ tertiâ ante-
meridiem regni vero regis Richardi 2 anno xjº, et consecrationis patris
anno xx°, ætatis vero suæ anno 68, demū istius Collegii ædificiis neces-
sariis sic constructis in spacio vj annorū, videlicet, post primi lapidis posi-
tionem, custodis sociorü scholariū cæterorüque omniū prædictorū ingres-
sus primus ad inibi inhabitandū fuit horâ tertiâ ante meridiē xxviijº
die mensis Marcii anno domini 1393 anno regni regis Richardi 2i 17°,
ætatis dicti patris anno 74°, et consecrationis suæ anno 26°, cū cruce
erectâ præcedente solemni cantū processionaliter gradiendo.--MS. Hist,
122
[1391.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE

-
adoration and gratitude, as he intoned the prayer of
dedication, and at its close went up to heaven's gates
the sublime anthem, “Lift up your heads ye ever-
lasting doors, and the King of Glory shall come in !
-Alleluia !!
Wykeham thus declares his intention in founding
his school:
Cupimus, ut in ipso Collegio nostro prope Winton
dulcis ac suavis doctrinæ ipsius primitive scientiæ potus
reperiatur lacteus, quo tenera ipsorum nutriatur infantia,
quatenus ejusdem scientiæ primitivæ mellis rore dulciter
degustato virescat, et progressu placido exercitii solliciti
florere cogatur, ac demum coruscantibus radiis, et in-
flammatis caloribus profectionis studii grammaticalis ad
concipiendum facilius solidum cibum, quo robusta per-
fectiorum juventus virtutum suscipiat incrementa, red-
datur promptior, necnon ad veram cognitionem mysterii
Scripturarum studiosè provecta, in Ecclesiâ Sanctâ Dei
fructus producat fertiles et maturos.
He calls Winchester-
Principium et origo collegii nostri Oxoniæ prædicti,
velut hortus irriguus, ac vinea pubescens in gemmas
ipsum collegium nostrum Oxoniæ fructiferâ prole fæcun-
det, flores et fructus mellifluos in vineâ Domini Sabaoth,
per Ipsius gratiam allaturum.”
Thus he enjoins the principal study of the school :-
Grammatica, quæ prima de Artibus seu scientiis liber-
alibus reputatur, fundamentum, janua, et origo omnium
aliarum liberalium artium et scientiarum existit, quòd-
que sine eâ cæteræ artes seu scientiæ perfectè sciri non
possunt, nec ad earum veram cognitionem et perfec-
tionem quisquam poterit pervenire.
This was the golden rule of behaviour which he
set before his young students:-

66



1391.)
123
AND COMMONERS.
Statuimus et volumus quòd scholares universi, cujus-
cunque gradus, status, vel conditionis existant, se
invicem diligant mutuâ et debitâ caritate, ac tam in
gubernationis ac regiminis rectitudine, quàm victualium
atque bonæ doctrinæ mutuæque vicissitudinis exhibi-
tione liberâ, cæterisque omnibus pertinentibus ad eos-
dem, absque partialitate quâcunque se indifferenter ex-
hibeant, et ostendant, et secundùm quod decet æqualiter
et amicabiliter in omnibus se pertractent. Inhibentes
insuper scolaribus ne quisquam ipsorum personarum
quomodolibet sit acceptor; nec contra caritatis et fra-
ternitatis amorem gravamina vel molestias inferat quovis
modo. Rubr. § XLIV.
In 1385 letters patent were granted for the purchase
of the manors of Meon-Stoke, Hants; Elyng, and
Windsor; and Combe Bassett, Wilts (8 Rich. II, P. II,
m. 4); in 1391, for the manors of Alton and Shaw,
Wilts, and Wheton, Bucks (14 Rich. II, P. II, m. 1, et
m. 10, 11, 12, confirmed by 15 Rich. II, P. II, m. 9);
for the manor of Hamel-in-the-Rise (belonging to the
Alien Priory of St Andrew, a cell of the French
abbey of Tirone); Harmondsworth (belonging to the
abbey of the Holy Trinity at Rouen), the priory of
Blithe, and some others (Ibid. P. II, m. 1, et 10 et
11 et 32); for tenements in Meon-Stoke, Ropley,
Sutton, Biketon, Drayton, Wynhale, Medestead, and
New Alresford (15 Rich. II, P. 11, m. 9 et 11).
In the thirteenth year of his reign, on June 16, by
a brief of the privy seal, King Richard II gave leave
to the college to purchase churches, priories, and
their houses throughout England, to the value of
200 marks (MS. Ayscough, 4593, No. ccvii, ccix).
In 2 Henry V, therefore, John Morys, warden of
St. Mary's, obtained the surrender of the priory of



;


124
[1396.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Andover from Nicholas Guyn, prior of the order of
St. Benedict, with consent of the abbot and convent
of the abbey of St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou.
Two cells of the Cistercian abbey of the Holy
Trinity at Tirone, in France, were granted to the col-
lege: St. Cross in the Isle of Wight, and the priory of
Andewell, between Basingstoke and Hartford-bridge.
An autograph letter of the founder, addressed to the
judge of the Marshalsea Court, either the steward of
the household or earl marshal, is preserved at Win-
chester, relating to the manor of Andewell.

“ Tres chere and tresfiable amy, vous plese savoir
coment nadgairs, p lettres patentes de licence nie
Seigneur le Roy de date le x jour d Appril lan de son
regne xiiij, nous purchasasmes as Gardein et Escolers
de nie college de Wyncestre le manoir de Andewell,
autrement dit le Priorie de Andewell et toutz les terres,
tenementz, possessions, rentes, et services au dit manoir
ou priorie appurtenantz avec lavouseon de chapelle de
Andewell, lors estrantz en mayn ñre seigneur le roy
à
cause de la guerre entre lui et son adversair de France,
le quelle manoir ou priorie estoit mys a firme alors p
le Haut Tresorer nie seigneur le roy a Thomas Thorp
p norry de garde de dit priorie le Andewell Aliene pour
x livres p an: Et plus labbe et covent de seint Trinite
de Tirone p virtue de dite license granteront as Gardien
et Escolers de nie dit College, et a leur successours,
le
dit manoir et priorie a avoir a euz a toutz jours, de
date primer jour de Septembre lan nie seigneur le roy
Et sour ceo nie seigneur le roy susdit en son
eschequer fist descharger le dit Thomas de la firme des
ditz x livres p brief de chancellerie de date primer
jour d’Octobre lan nie seigneur le roy susdit xyme, et
nous p habundant donasmes a dit Thomas sour son
dit descharge xx ti esterlinges p les mayns Johan de
.
xyme.

1396.]
125
AND COMMONERS.
Campeden' nre clerc, come plus plienment piest p son
escript eut faite. Et ore meint contreesteant le dit brief
et la descharge de dit Thomas de record et choses, et
paiement susdit le dit Thomas pursuit une Johan Me-
ferlyn, devant vous en la Mareschalcie nre seigneur le
roy, demandant de lui certeine some dargent pour le
temps ſ le dit Thomas estoit descharges de record de la
dite firme, p brief nſe seigneur le roy, quelle brief le dit
Thomas ad devers lui : Si vous prions, tres chere amy
si especialment de cuer come plus poovis que vous plese
respiter et mettre en delay le plee, que peut devant
vous entre les avant ditz Thomas et Johan, tanque nous
vous purrons envoier le record, ceo gest fait en lesche-
quer nie dit seigneur le roy en eide et descharge de
dit Johan et de nſe dit college: Toute la quelle mat-
ters, treschere amy pra [serra] allege devant vous en
plee, et mys en piggement de la Court: Et vous prions,
tres chere amy, que vous plese tant faire en ceste mat-
ters, que le dit Johan ne soit torcenousement subduz
ne surpris p subtilite peair maintenance ne comme de
son adversaire eviz que pleinz droit lui soit gracieuse-
ment faite: Et vous plese adjouster firme joy et cre-
dence a ceo, que nre bien ame Richard Prewes portour
dicestes dirra et priera et dep nous celle ptie ; Pour la
quelle chose, tres chere amy, nous vous voillons tres
bon gre savoir et espaciallment estre tenuz: Et le
Seinte Esprit, tres chere amy, vous voille toutz jours
garder et vous encresce en honours. Escript a nie
manoir de Essher le xv jour de Maii.
Levesque de Wyncestre.”
A royal charter of great importance to the college
was granted by Richard II in 1396.

1 John de Campeden was rector of Menheniot, and of Cheryton, Hants,
of Farnham, and of St. Botolph's, Middlesex, May 2nd, 19 Rich. II ;
master of St. Cross, Nov. 20th, 1382 ; a canon of Southwell and Brom-
yard, 45 Edw. III (MS. Harl. 6960, f. 27). He was the founder's chief
executor. His monumental brass may be still seen within the screen of
the hospital-church of St. Cross.

126
[1396.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Ricardus, Dei gratiâ Rex Angliæ, et Franciæ, et Domi-
nus Hiberniæ, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatis, Prio-
ribus, Ducibus, Comitibus, Baronibus, Justiciariis, Vice-
Comitibus, Præpositis, Ministris, et omnibus Ballivis, et
fidelibus suis, salutem.
Sciatis, quòd cum venerabilis in Christo pater, Wil-
lelmus de Wykeham, Episcopus Winton, caritatis et
devotionis fervore succensus, quoddam Collegium unius
Custodis et lxx scholarium Grammaticam addiscentium
in Soka Wynton juxta Wynton, Seinte Marie College of
Winchestre, vulgariter nuncupatum, nostro mediante
licencia de novo jam fundaverit; et Collegium illud pro
sustentatione custodis et scolarium loci illius et x capel-
lanorum perpetuorum, iii capellanorum conductitiorum
triumque clericorum ibidem ac supportatione omnium
eidem incumbentium, quibusdam possessionibus spiritu-
alibus et temporalibus dotaverit; eisdemque custodi
scholaribusque et capellanis, et successoribus suis ac
collegio predicto, terras, tenementa et possessiones am-
pliora dare, concedere, et assignare, regiâ licentiâ ob-
tentâ disposuerit, Domino concedente:
Nos ad fructum multiplicem, quem personæ literarum
studiis insistentes in augmentum Divini Cultus et Fidei
Catholicæ ad utilitatem reipublicæ, quàm privatæ
multipliciter producere dignoscuntur, oculos nostræ
mentis, prout decet, regiam magnificentiam piè diri-
gentes ; cupientesque laudabile propositum ipsius epis-
copi in hâc parte ex favore regis feliciter promovere ; et
ut operis tam perfecti meritis participemur et præmiis,
ex mero motu nostro, ad laudem Dei et gloriossissimæ
Virginis Mariæ Matris Ejus, in cujus honore collegium
predictum fundatur, de gratiâ nostra speciali ac ob affec-
tionem personæ ipsius episcopi, qui obsequia fructuosa
nobis et regno nostro, à longo tempore, non absque
sumptuosis et indefessis laboribus et sui corporis maximo
detrimento, vehementi diligentiâ solerter et fideliter
impendit;
Volentes collegium predictum ad utilitatem et de-



1396.]
127
AND COMMONERS.
corem ejusdem, ac tranquillitatem et quietem custodis
scolarium ac capellanorum ejusdem loci et successorum
suorum opportunis fulciri præsidiis, ac libertatibus, ac
immunitatibus communiri :
Concessimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris et hâc
Cartâ nostrâ confirmavimus custodi, scholaribus, et ca-
pellanis predicti collegii, vocati S. Marie College of Wyn-
chestre juxta Winton, quòd ipsi et eorum successores et
omnes homines tenentes sui in perpetuum quieti sint de
theolonio, pavagio, pontagio, caragio, muragio, passagio,
lastagio, stallagio, taillagio, picagio, terragio, scotto et
geldo, hidagio, scutagio, et de operationibus castrorum,
parcorum, et poncium, clausuris, facturis, reparationi-
bus, et emendationibus, domuum regalium edificatione,
necnon de sectis comitatuum, hundredorum, et wapen-
tachiorum, et de omnimodis auxiliis regum et vice-
comitum et ballivorum suorum ; et de visu franciplegii,
ac de murdro, ac de communi misericordiâ, quando con-
tigerit comitatui, coram nobis vel aliquibus justitiariiis
nostris vel heredum nostrorum de Banco vel itineran-
tibus in misericordiam nostram incidere, ac de omni
aliâ consuetudine per totum regnum et potestatem nos-
tram. Concessimus etiam pro nobis et hæredibus nostris
prefatis custodi, etc., etc., quòd ipsi sint quieti in per-
petuum de omnibus et omnimodis auxiliis regum ac
vice-comitum subsidiis, contributionibus, quotis et tal-
lagis, quæ ab ipsis ratione terrarum tenementorum
et reddituum ac bonorum aut catallorum suorum quæ
nunc habent, et ex nunc sunt habituri, per nos et hæredes
nostros aut ballivos seu ministros nostros vel hæredum
nostrorum quoscumque, ad opus nostrum vel nostrorum
hæredum imponi aut exigi deberent, seu poterint in
futurum. Et quòd quandocunque Clerus regni nostri
Angliæ, aut Cantuarensis Provinciæ vel Eboracensis
provinciæ per se decimam et subsidium, seu aliam
quotam de bonis suis spiritualibus, ecclesiasticis : vel
communitates comitatuum regni nostri, aut cives seu
Burgenses civitatum et Burgorum dictorum comitatuum


128
[1396.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
ipsius regni decimam, quintam decimam, subsidium,
seu aliam quotam quamcunque de bonis suis tem-
poralibus seu mobilibus, aut de terris, tenementis
seu redditibus suis, nobis vel hæredibus nostris conces-
serint; seu nos vel hæredes nostri Dominica nostra per
Angliam fecerimus talliari, aut Dominus summus Ponti-
fex, qui pro tempore fuerit, decimam, subsidium aut
impositionem seu quotam aliam clero regni predicti,
aut Cantuarensis, aut Eboracensis Provinciarum predic-
tarum imposuerit, vel fecerit; et eam vel aliquam partem
ejusdem nobis vel hæredibus nostris concesserit; terræ,
tenementa, redditus, et bona et catalla ipsorum custodis,
scolarium, et capellanorum, et successorum suorum
quæcunque ad opus nostrum vel hæredum nostrorum
non taxentur, nec aliquod de decimis, quintis decimis,
subsidiis, impositionibus aut aliis quotis seu tallagiis
predictis quoquomodo ad opus nostrum vel hæredum
nostrorum levetur. Nec iidem custos, scolares et capel-
lani vel eorum successores in terris, tenementis, redditi-
bus, possessionibus, seu bonis suis predictis his occasioni-
bus distringuantur, molestentur in aliquo, seu graventur;
sed de decimis, quintis decimis, subsidiis, impositionibus,
et aliis quotis et tallagiis hujusmodi in perpetuum sint
quieti. Concessimus, insuper, pro nobis et hæredibus
nostris et hâc cartâ nostrâ confirmavimus prefatis cus-
todi, scolaribus, et capellanis, quòd ipsi et successores
sui in perpetuum habeant et teneant collegium predic-
tum et omnes domos et ædificia quæ ibidem jam habent,
et ex nunc ipsos habere continget, libera et quieta de
liberatione tàm Seneschallorum, Mareschallorum, et
aliorum Ministrorum nostrorum et hæredum nostro-
rum, quàm Mareschallorum, Emptorum, provisorum et
ministrorum magnatum regni nostri et aliorum quorum-
cunque, ita quòd Seneschalli Mareschalli et alii ministri
,
nostri vel hæredum nostrorum, seu magnatum seu alio-
rum predictorum quorumcunque in iisdem alicubi libe-
rationem aliquam ad opus, vel hæredum nostrorum, vel
alicujus alterius non faciant quovismodo: Et quòd nullus



1396.]
129
AND COMMONERS.
comes, baro, seu magnas dicti regni aut aliunde vel
seneschalli, mareschalli, seu escaetores, vice-comites,
coronatores, aut alii ballivi, seu ministri nostri vel
hæredum nostrorum seu ballivi et ministri eorundem
escaetorum, vice-comitum et coronatorum, aut aliorum
quorumcunque, seu quivis alius cujuscunque status vel
conditionis fuerit, colore aliquo in eisdem hospitentur
vel morentur; et ne bona et catalla collegii predicti, quæ
;
custos, scolares, et capellani loci illius jam habent, vel
ipsi aut successores sui sunt de cætero habituri, per pro-
visores, emptores, seu captores victualium, aut aliarum
rerum pro hospitio nostro vel hæredum nostrorum, seu
aliorum quorumcunque, capiantur vel dissipentur. Dic-
tum collegium ac custodem et scolares et capellanos
ejusdem loci, qui pro tempore fuerint: necnon terras,
tenementa, redditus, et possessiones eisdem collegio,
custodi scolaribus ac capellanis jam collata, et ex nunc
eisdem vel successoribus suis inferenda, danda et assi-
gnanda: ac bona et catalla collegii illius ubicunque
existentia in nostram protectionem suscepimus spe-
cialem : volentes et concedentes pro nobis et hæredibus
nostris quòd de bladis, fenis, equis, carrectis, carriagiis,
victualibus, aut aliis bonis, catallis, seu rebus ipsius
collegii aut predictorum custodis, scolarium, capellano-
rum, vel successorum, seu hujusmodi servientium vel
ministrorum suorum,
,
ad opus nostrum vel hæredum nos-
trorum, aut aliorum quorumcunque contra voluntatem
eorundem custodis, scolarium, et capellanorum seu suc-
cessorum vel hujusmodi servientium, vel ministrorum
suorum per provisores, emptores, vel captores hujusmodi,
aut alios ballivos, seu ministros nostros vel hæredum nos-
trorum quoscunque aut cujuscunque alterius, quicquam
minimè capiatur, abducatur, vel aliqualiter asportetur.
Et insuper concessimus pro nobis et hæredibus nostris
.prefatis custodi, scolaribus et capellanis, quòd ipsi seu
successores sui, ad pensionem, corrodium, seu sustenta-
tionem aliquam alicui de domo suâ predictâ, aut aliis
terris, tenementis, redditibus, possessionibus seu rebus

K

130
[1396-
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
suis ad rogatus vel mandata nostra vel hæredum nostro-
rum percipiendis, concedendis, ministrandis, seu inve-
niendis, nullatenùs teneantur, nec ad hoc quomodolibet
compellantur : sed de possessionibus, corrodiis, et sus-
tentationibus, ac aliis oneribus hujusmodi in perpetuum
sint quieti. Quare volumus et firmiter præcipimus pro
nobis et hæredibus nostris quòd predicti custos, scolares,
et capellani omnes et singulas libertates, et quietantias
supradictas habeant et teneant sibi et successoribus suis,
et eis plenè, liberè, et pacificè gaudeant et utantur in
perpetuum, sicut predictum est. His testibus venera-
bilibus Patribus, W. Cantuar. totius Angliæ Primati,
Th. Ebor. Angliæ Primati, Cancellario nostro ; Archie-
piscopis ; R. London, R. Cicestr., G. Wygorn., E. Exon.,
custode privati Sigilli nostri; Episcopis; Edm. Duce
Ebor., avunculi nostri, Edw. Rutland, Joh. de Holland,
Huntingdon, fratre nostro, Thomâ de Moubray, Notyng-
ham et Mareschallo Angliæ, Comitibus, Thomâ de Percy
Senescallo Hospitii nostri et aliis.
Dat. per manum nostram apud Westmonasterium
28 Sept. A'. regni nostri. 19mo.
9
This charter was confirmed by 1 Edw. IV, P. 7,
m. 31, the ratification is printed in Dugdale's Monas-
ticon, vol. vi, p. 1381.
Richard II likewise granted letters patent“ pro ten’
'
in Cestreton in Com. Cantab.” (18 Ric. II, n. 8).
“ Pro m. de Deryngton in Com. Wilts, et mediet' m.
de Fernhall in Com. South” (22 Ric, II, P. II, m. 14,
confirmed by several acts of Hen. IV, 1 P. 1, n. 11:
2 n. 28: 3 P. 11, m. 7, 8: 4 P. ii, m. 15).
The college likewise received exemption from the
restrictions of the canon law, with the privilege of
celebrating sacraments in the college chapel, erecting
a belfry, and presenting its members for ordination
to any bishop.

1400.]
131
AND COMMONERS.
The number of the members of the society was
fixed, after the fashion of the day, symbolically, as we
find Dean Colet many years after limiting the boys
of St. Paul's school to one hundred and fifty-three, in
allusion to the miraculous draught of fishes. Harps-
field, in the sixteenth century, first hinted at the
design, and Dr. Milner has ingeniously developed
that author's intimation, imagining that the warden
and fellows represented the college of Apostles, the
traitor Judas being excluded; the two masters and
seventy scholars referred to the seventy-two disci-
ples according to the Vulgate ; the three chaplains
and three clerks alluded to the six faithful deacons,
Nicolas having become an apostate ; and the sixteen
choristers represented the four greater and twelve
lesser prophets.
The following are Wykeham's own words.
Rubrica 1. Inprimis statuimus, ordinamus, et vo-
lumus dictum nostrum collegium prope civitatem Win-
toniæ in et de numero unius custodis, qui omnibus
ejusdem collegii personis, possessionibus, rebus et bonis
ipsius secundùm ordinationes et statuta nostra infrà
scripta præmineat atque præsit: lxxque pauperum et
indigentium scholarium grammaticali scientiæ intendere
debentium: x Presbyterorum Sociorum perpetuorum ;
iiiumque Capellanorum, et iium Clericorum conductitiorum
et remotivorum, ac xvi puerorum Choristarum, ca-
pellæ dicti collegii in divinis officiis servire debentium.
Unius etiam Magistri Informatoris in grammaticâ, ac
unius alterius instructoris sub eo, Hostiarii Scholarium
vulgariter nuncupandi, circa informationem, instruc-
tionem, et eruditionem dictorum Scholarium assiduè et
diligenter vacare et intendere debentium, conductitio-
rum, et remotivorum, semper subsistere debere, et Deo
propitio, futuris temporibus permanere.

K2

132
[1400,
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
By Rubric xii, the head-master is required to be-
In Grammaticâ sufficienter eruditus, habens docendi
peritiam, vir bonæ famæ et conversationis, conductitius,
ac etiam remotivus, per custodem et socios ipsius col-
legii ordinandus seu providendus, qui scholares dicti
collegii in grammaticâ assiduè instruat, et informet ac
eis diligenter intendat, ipsorumque vitam et mores at-
tentiùs supervideat; et eos circa ipsorum doctrinam de-
sides, negligentes, seu aliàs delinquentes, absque per-
sonarum acceptione, seu aliâ partialitate quâcunque
corripiat et debitè puniat, et castiget.
The hostiarius was to be-
Vir bonæ famæ et conversationis honestæ, qui præ-
dicto Magistro præsenti in præmissis assistat, et in ejus
absentiâ ipsius in prædictis omnibus vices suppleat et
gerat.
Rubr. x. There was to be a sub-warden; a sacris-
tan, to take charge of -
Libros, cruces, calices, vestimenta, luminaria, et alia
ornamenta quæcunque communi et quotidiano usui de-
putata; qui canendo cantanda repetere debeat et aliàs
precentoris officium in choro capellæ gerere :
And (Rub. xi) two bursars, chosen from among the
fellows, who, excepting the sub-warden, were by
turns to take the office of seneschal of the hall, and
week by week to take charge of the provision. The
weekly commons were 12d. in years of plenty ; the
highest allowance was 16d., in years when wheat was
sold at 25s. by the bushel.
The dress (liberatura), which was not to be sold
until five years after its issue, was to be without
peaked-toed boots and knotted hoods (Rubrica xxvii).
On the feast of the Nativity it was to be issued to
1400.]
133
AND COMMONERS.

the warden, fellows, masters, chaplains, and scholars,
“ de unâ et eâdem sectâ toga talaris cum caputio,
panni integri continentis ad minus xxiiij virgatas suffi-
cienter aquati, siccati, et tonsi, pretium xxxiij solido-
rum et iiij denariorum non excedentis; neque de albo, ,
vel nigro, aut russeto vel glauco colore existentis.”
The scholars were forbidden to wear “ vestes stragu-
latas (pied), variegatis, seu diversis coloribus, partitis,
aut ordini clericali minimè congruentibus.” Each
fellow and head master were to receive yearly iiijs.
and iiijd. “ pro furrurâ robæ suæ". The warden re-
ceived twelve yards (virgatas), the fellow and the head
master eight yards, a chaplain six, the hostiarius
five. Twelve yards of cloth in King Henry VII's
reign were a viscount's allowance for a mourner's
gown, eight yards for a baron, and six for an esquire.
The daily life and conduct were to be regulated
after a high standard. It was a seminary of eccle-
siastics, every member of the society after the age of
sixteen was to receive the first tonsure: Wykeham
desired to educate Christian gentlemen as well as
learned scholars,

a
Rubrica xix. Statuimus, ordinamus et volumus,
etiam firmiter præcipimus custodi, omnibusque sociis,
et scholaribus ac aliis quibuscunque personis dicti nos-
tri collegii prope Wintoniam, præsentibus et futuris, et
in visceribus Jesu Christi obsecramus etiam et roga-
mus, ac sub obtentu felicitatis vitæ præsentis pariter et
eternæ, et sub obtestatione Divini judicii, ut in omni-
bus, et super omnia unitatem, et mutuam inter se cha-
ritatem, pacem, concordiam, ac dilectionem fraternam,
ex quo inter socios quoddam genus fraternitatis esse
dignoscitur, semper habeant, teneant in omnibus et
observent, et pro eis nutriendis et fovendis anhelent


134
[1400-
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
pro viribus, atque zelent, quòdque omnes et omnimoda
scurrilitates, verba invida, contumeliosa, et brigosa,
contentiosa, rixosa, damnosa, susurria, jurgia, turpi-
loquia, derisiones atque alia verba nociva, tædiosa,
scandalosa, et opprobriosa quæcunque, comparationesque
generis ad genus, nobilitatis ad nobilitatem, vel ad igno-
bilitatem, necnon speciales et præcellentes prærogativæ,
causâ commovendi malitiosè socios, in ore omnium, et
personis singulorum cessent omnes ubique tam intra
dictum collegium, quàm extra, in publico et privato.
On September 9, 1400, his commissioners received
the oaths of the warden, fellows, chaplains, and scho-
lars for the observance of the statutes.
.
(1400, Sept. 9.) In expensis Mri. Johis de Campe-
den, Robti Keton, Mri. Walti Ande existent ibidem cum
eorum familiâ et equis quorundam eorum per ij dies
pro novis statutis legendis et promulgandis, necnon
juramentis custodis sociorum scholarium et servientium
ejusdem Collegii recipiendis, xxiiijs. xd.
The next entry of interest is in the year
1437. Paid for sealing royal charter granted
to the college
1 2 4
Fee to a Master in Chancery for a copy of the
king's Charter of Privileges granted to the
college
2 0 0
To the end of Charles II's reign, with the exception
of Queen Mary, all the English sovereigns confirmed
the charter; as, for instance, in the year
1525. Office fees for confirmation of the
charter in Parliament, time of Henry VIII 6 13 4
Henry IV issued letters granting permission to buy
the manor of Shaw, county of Berks (aº. P. 1, m. 22).
Alien priories being dissolved by 2 Henry V, Pat. 3,
1442.]
135
AND COMMONERS.
m. 27, the priory of St. Mary's, Andover, a cell of the
abbey of St. Florence, of Salmur, near Anjou, was
given to the college; the grant was confirmed by
King Edward IV in the first year of his reign (P. 7,
m. 30.)
From the foundations of Wykeham, King Henry VI
learned to take the example of his great works of
Eton, and King's College, Cambridge. His uncle,
Cardinal Beaufort, the visitor of the St. Mary Winton
colleges, and his favoured statesman, Bishop Beck-
ington, lord chancellor, a Wykehamist, predisposed
his mind to acquaint himself with this noble model,
a school connected with a college in the university,
where the education of chosen students might be
completed, and ample revenues be provided to assist
them during their term of residence. This early tie
between the two royal foundations was soon more
strongly cemented. The first head-master, 1442, and
the first actual warden, 1443, was William of Wayn-
flete, who removed thither with five fellows and thirty-
five scholars of St. Mary's, Winton. John Kett,
canon of Windsor, 1439; William John Astone;
William Dene, and William Profert or Proffitt, went
as socii sacerdotes; and with them, John Clerc, D.D.
(vice-provost, 1443; provost, July 31st, 1447,—Nov.
7th, 1447); Thomas Harlowe; Thomas Weston, war-
den of Deerhurst Priory, 1552; William Weye,
fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1440; and John
Boner. Among the scholars who left Winton, we find
the names of John Payne, Joyce Mostard, Richard
Roche, Robert Commerde, etc., the words “recessit
ad Etonam”, being added in the margin of the regis-




136
[1442-
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
ter. A picture of our founder still hangs in the
library of Eton College.
The third Wykehamical provost within thirty years
was. William Westbury, fellow of New College, and
sometime head-master, the “ Camillus of Eton”, who
preserved the foundation from dissolution and absorp-
tion into St. George's College in Windsor, according
to a bull obtained from Pope Pius II, in 1463, by
King Edward IV.
There was even a common grammar for Win-
chester and Eton in 1512.–Strype, Life of Sir T.
Smith, ch. 1, p. 6.
Archbishop Parker alludes to the similarity of the
mode of education, when he says, that in the colleges
of Winton and Eton the scholars, “after they be
once perfect in the rules of grammar and versifying,
and well entered in the principles of the Greek tongue
and of rhetoric, are sent to the universities.”—Strype’s
Parker, vol. iii, App. B. 11. (61.)
A record has been preserved of Henry's many
visits. His first was on the occasion of his seeking
the advice of Cardinal Beaufort, to release himself
from the thraldom of the Duke of Gloucester, and
to make peace with France.
1440. Primus adventus serenissimi principis, Henrici
VIti, ad istud Collegium fuit penultimo die mensis Julii,
viz. die Sabbati, anno ejusdem domini regis xix20
quo
die interfuit primis vesperis, et in crastino missæ et
secundis vesperis. Et obtulit, xiijs. iiijd.
In 1442 he was again received at Winton. His
third visit was made at the very time when the
Earl of Suffolk, as his proxy, was contracting the

1448.)
137
AND COMMONERS.

marriage between him and the high-souled Margaret
of Anjou. He confirmed the privileges of the college.
1444. Item, in festo S. Cecilie, Virginis, idem
christianissimus rex Henricus VI interfuit in hoc col-
legio utrisque Vesperis atque Misse, in quâ præter
oblacionem suam cotidianam obtulit c. nobilia ad orna-
mentum summi Altaris ibidem, contulitque notabilem
auri summam scolaribus et choristis in eodem, viz. vili.
xiijs. iijd. qui insuper ex abundanciâ affluentissime
gratie sue privilegia, libertates, et franchesias ejusdem
collegii confirmavit et ampliavit ; quarè dignum est ut
ejus in eodem perennis memoria jugiter habeatur. Et
obtulit, xiijs. iiijd.
1445. Item idem christianissimus rex, anno regni
ejusdem regis xxiiijo. interfuit die dominicâ, viz. in festo
S. Cuthberti in mense Septembri, in hoc collegio utris-
que Vesperis atque Misse, quo die ex gratiâ suâ dedit
collegio optimam robam suam unâ exceptâ furratam,
cum furrurâ de sables, ad Dei laudem et honorem Bea-
tissime Marie, Virginis. Et obtulit, xiijs. iiijd.
1445. In dat. Robto. Derby, clerico Prioris Sti.
Swithini ludenti in organis in choro in presentia dui.
regis Hen. VIti venientis ad collegium xxj, et xxi
Novembris, iijs. iiijd. Et in expensis circa familiam
dni regis. Vs. In ix lagenis dim. rubri vini empt. erga
.
adventum domini regis, iiijs. ixd.
1446. Item, idem illustissimus princeps anno regni
ejusdem regis xxv°. in festo S. Johannis de Beverlaco,
viz. viiº die Maii contingente in dominicâ, interfuit
utrisque vesperis atque Misse in hoc collegio, quo die
similiter ex graciâ suâ dedit collegio vili. xiijs. iiijd. et
obtulit eodem tempore ad vices, xiijs. iiijd.
His next visit was on the occasion of the enthroni-
zation of his favourite, William of Waynflete.
1448. Item idem illustrissimus princeps, anno regni
ejusdem regis xxvii'. in festo S. Wolstani, episcopi,



138
[1449.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
interfuit in hoc collegio utrisque vesperis die dominicâ,
sed non Misse, quia exhibuit presenciam suam in eccle-
siâ S. Swythuni in Missâ, propter intronizacionem rever-
endi patris et domini domini Wilhelmi Wayneflete,
Episcopi Wynton, nuper magistri informatoris scola-
rium hujus collegii. In crastino verò in die lunæ, in
festo SS. Fabiani et Sebastiani, Martyrum, idem me-
tuendissimus dominus interfuit Altæ Misse predictorum
Sanctorum in hoc collegio, quo die dedit huic collegio
unum calicem de auro et x libras in auro pro uno pari
fiolarum ordinandarum de eodem auro ; et ultrà ex suâ
magnâ graciâ dedit lijs. iiijd. pro unâ pietantiâ habendâ
inter Socios et Scolares in festo Purificationis Beate
Marie extunc proximo sequente. Et obtulit, xiijs. iiijd.

1449. The French king having invaded Nor-
mandy, a parliament was held at Winchester between
June 16 and July 16, to devise measures for retain-
ing the conquests of England in France; Henry VI
resided during this month in Winchester.
We find Waynflete celebrating mass in the college
chapel : at another time Archbishop Stafford, assisted
by the bishops of Winton, Sarum, and Chichester :
and again, Bishop Bekington entertaining the court
and society at a splendid banquet.

Laborantibus circa pontem fixendum juxta domum Ste.
Elizabethe ingressu regis habendo tempore Parliamenti.
Et in iij truts presentat' dno. regi mense Junii, tem-
pore Parliamenti, xxjd.
Et in datis Johi Chadilworth pro laboribus suis
habitis eodem tempore in præsentiâ dni regis in ec-
clesiâ, iijs. iiijd.
Anno regni ejusdem regis Henrici VI xxviiº. viz., xvi
die mensis Junii in Parliamento ejusdem regis tento
hìc apud Winton. cum prorogatione dierum usque ad
xvjum diem mensis Julii inclusive, interfuit idem excel-
1449.]
139
AND COMMONERS.

lentissimus princeps in hoc collegio, in festo S. Albani,
Martyris, die dominicâ contingente, utrisque Vesperis
et Misse ; et obtulit, xiiis. iiijd.
Item, aliâ vice eodem tempore in festo Johannis
Baptistæ (Junii die xxiiijº) interfuit idem metuendissi-
mus dominus rex in hoc collegio utrisque Vesperis et
Misse, reverendo patre et domino domino Wilhelmo
Waynflete, Episcopo Wynton totum officium illius diei
devotissimè exequente. Et obtulit, vjs. viijd.
Item, aliâ vice eodem tempore in festo Apostolorum
Petri et Pauli (Junii die xxix') interfuit idem chris-
tianissimus rex in hoc collegio utrisque Vesperis et
Matutinis die dominico, sed non Misse, quià exhibuit
presenciam suam in ecclesiâ cathedralis S. Swythuni in
Missâ propter diei solempnitatem ibidem, quià festum
loci; reverendo patre magistro, Thomâ Bekyngton,
Episco Bathon. et Wellens. totum officium illius diei in
hoc collegio sollempniter exequente, et totum colle-
gium ipso die lautissimè convivante.
Item, aliâ vice eodem tempore, in octavis Apostolo-
rum Petri et Pauli, in dominicâ prædictus serenissimus
rex interfuit in hoc collegio vesperis ipsius festi et
Missæ ; primis Vesperis verò et secundis Matutinis, et
Missæ in festo Translacionis S. Thomæ Martyris in
crastino contingente, consimiliter interfuit, totum officium
illius diei venerabili patre episcopo Wynton exequente.
Missam verò illius diei celebravit in hoc collegio, rever-
endissimus pater et dominus dominus Johannes Stratford
Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus, totius Angliæ Primas
Apostolicæ sedis Legatus, et tunc Angliæ Cancellarius,
assistentibus eidem venerabilibus in Christo patribus
Wilhelmo Wynton. Episcopo; Wilhelmo Askewe Sares-
buriense Episcopo, Adam Moleynes, Cicestrensi Epis-
copo, tunc custode privati sigilli domini regis, cum aliis
notabilibus personis, viz. Clerico rotulorum, Clerico
Parliamenti, et Clerico Hanaperii, et multis aliis ; quo
die idem pater Episcopus et metropolitanus dedit scola-
ribus pro refectione, xls. Et obtulit, iijs. iiijd.


140
[1449.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
On July 8th the courtiers were entertained in the
hall :
Pro i pipâ vini rubri empt. pro John. Fawkes Clerico
Parliamenti et aliis de Societate dni regis prandent' in
aulâ viij die Julii tempore Parliamenti, viij li.
Item, idem dominus noster rex aliâ vice in festo
Reliquiarum, viz. xiijº. die Julii, interfuit in hoc col-
legio utrisque Vesperis matutinis et Missæ, reverendo
patre domino episcopo Wynton officium illius diei exe-
quente.
Item, idem Christianissimus rex ultimo die Parlia-
menti, viz. xvjº. die mensis Julii, interfuit in hoc collegio
Missæ B. Mariæ V.; et obtulit vjs. viijd. Post dictam
vero Missam obtulit Deo, B. Mariæ, et summo altari
unum tabernaculum auri.
Item, aliâ vice idem dominus noster rex interfuit
divinis officiis, viz. Vesperis, Processioni et Missæ, in
hoc collegio, dominicâ in ramis Palmarum, eodem die
Magistro Thomâ Chaundeler custode illius collegii
post ixam..coram eodem domino rege et populo sermonem
faciente. Et obtulit xiijs. iiijd.
Item, idem dominus noster, rex christianissimus,
ultimâ vice fuit in hoc collegio in festo Translacionis
S. Swythuni in utrisque Vesperis ejusdem Sancti, sed
non in Missâ, quia exhibuit præsenciam suam in ecclesiâ
S. Swythuni. Et obtulit idem rex, xjs. viijd.
The following entry is made in a computus of the
year :-
1449. King Henry VI gave 1 par pelvium de argento
1
deaurat' cum armis Anglie et Francie in medio, in
qua-
rum circumferentiis sculpuntur versus-
Principis Henrici dedit aurum gratia sexti :
En formata suo munere vasa duo.
Et ponderat' ixlb. viij, iij quatern. de pondere Troie,
prec. p lb. cum facturâ lxs. Sum'. xxix lb. iijs. ixd.
In the seventeenth year of King Henry VI the

1444.]
AND COMMONERS.
141
Bishop of Winchester procured for the college the
Augustine college of the Holy Trinity and manor of
Burton, in the Isle of Wight. (Pat. II, m. 2.)
In the time of wardens Osulbury and Thurborn,
and provosts Millyngton and Westbury, was drawn
up the famous-
;
Amicabilis Concordia inter Collegia Beatæ Mariæ
Oxon. et Winton., et Collegia Regalia Cant. et Eton. Ad
indubitabilem notitiam præsentium et indelebilem me-
moriam futurorum. Universis Christi fidelibus ad
quos
præsens scriptum indentatum pervenerit. Nicolaus Osul-
bury in sacrâ theologiâ baccalaureus, custos collegii
Beatæ Mariæ Winton in Oxon., et ejusdem collegii
socii et scholares, Lincolniensis; et Robertus Thurburn
in sacrâ theologiâ baccalaureus, custos collegii Beatæ
Mariæ Winton prope Winton et ipsius collegii socii et
scholares, Wintoniensis, Diocesium : Willelmus Mil-
lington Sacræ Paginæ professor, præpositus collegii
regalis Beatæ Mariæ et Sancti Nicholai Cantabrigiæ
ejusdemque socii et scholares, Eliensis, Willelmus Wain-
fleet in sacrâ theologiâ baccalaureus præpositus Beatæ
Maria de Etonâ, et ejusdem collegii socii et scholares,
Lincolniensis Diæcesium ; salutem et fidem indubiam his
præsentibus adhibere.
Ad internam considerationis nostræ aciem oculos re-
ducentes, qualiter collegia omnia et singula supradicta,
licet sint locis situata diversis, nihilominùs unius penè
ejusdemque nominis vocabulo præsignantur, nec in
fundatorum intentione nec operis fructu discrepare,
dissimiliave esse videntur; quorum unus est finis, par
consideratio, et idem effectus ; expediens reverà fore
censemus, et congruum honestati, atque ad universale
commodum, robur pariter et munimen ipsorum Col-
legiorum omnium et cujuslibet eorundem perpetuis
futuris temporibus iisdem vires non parvas afferre; ut
eadem collegia quæ tum nomine tum intentione fine
et effectu, tantâ uniformitate et tam vicinâ cognatione


142
[1444-
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE

congaudent, quoties opus fuerit mutuis se persequantur
suffragiis, et favoribus sibi invicem subveniant oppor-
tunis: in hanc ergò sanitatem, salubrem, utilemque sen-
:
tentiam concorsque votum: nos custodes et socii ac
scholares dictorum collegiorum Btæ Mariæ Winton, nos
item præpositi et socii ac scholares collegiorum regalium
prædictorum, ultro et concorditer concurrentes, quasi
multitudinis omnium nostrûm, ad hunc unum finem
tendentium, sit fere cor unum et anima una, præsentis
scripti sic ut præmittitur ; Indentati patrocinio declara-
mus, fatemur, assentimus, promittimus, ac pro nobis et
successoribus nostris in perpetuum nos et collegia
prædicta firmiter obligamus, Quòd in actionibus, liti-
bus, causis, et controversiis quibuscunque in curiis ac
locis quibuscunque, coram quibuscunque judicibus
ecclesiasticis vel secularibus, arbitris, arbitrationibus, aut
aliis amicabilibus compositionibus per collegiorum dic-
torum custodes aut præpositos aut aliquem eorundem ;
seu contra eosdem custodes seu præpositos seu aliquem
eorundem, occasione bonorum, possessionum aut jurium
spiritualium aut temporalium seu rerum mobilium vel
immobilium ad dicta collegia, vel ipsorum aliquod spec-
tantium seu pertinentium, motis seu movendis in sanis
consiliis auxiliis et favoribus opportunis, Nos et succes-
sores nostri quicunque pro tempore existentes, mutuis
nos subventionibus ac patrociniis alterutrum prævenie-
mus, et invicem assistentiam dabimus et juvamen ;
causis ipsorum collegiorum et personarum eorundem
propriis duntaxat exceptis.
Salvo quod nos dicti custodes et cæteri qui de funda-
tione bonæ memoriæ domini Willelmi de Wykeham
quondam Winton in præsenti existimus seu existunt, et
successores nostri qui de eâdem præsertim fundatione
in futurum existent, contra Wintoniensem Episcopum
qui pro tempore fuerit aut ecclesiam Wintoniensem,
prioremve aut capitulum ipsius ecclesiæ, in aliquâ
causâ ipsam ecclesiam concernente, scienter non erimus
neque erunt consilio auxilio vel favore.

1448.]
143
AND COMMONERS.
Promittimus insuper nos custodes, prepositi, socii et
scholares omnes et singuli collegiorum predictorum et
ad hoc nos et successores nostros quoscunque efficaciter
obligamus, quòd consilia favores, et auxilia hujusmodi
sicut et prout et quoties opus fuerit, et super his seu
ad ea congruè requisiti fuerimus, seu requisiti fuerint,
alterutrum impendemus et impendent; ad quos nos in-
vicem præsentis nostri consensûs et promissi vigore, ac
in virtute juramenti per singulos nostrum dictis col-
legiis, seu eorum alius, singulariter præstiti vel præ-
standi, volumus arctiùs nos teneri; ut sic dicta collegia
mutuâ gaudeant se defensione munita, quæ in nomine
conformitas et annuente Deo mutuæ ac perpetuæ chari-
tatis integritas conformiter decorabunt. Nolentes, quòd
aliquis de Collegiis prædictis prætextu alicujus laboris, seu
favoris impensi, in casibus hujusmodi, quicquam præter
expensas rationabiles ac necessarias exigat quovis modo.
In quorum omnium testimonium atque fidem perpe-
tuam tàm nos custodes socii et scholares collegiorum
dictorum Btæ Mariæ Winton in Oxonio et prope Winton,
quàm nos præpositi ac socii et scholares collegiorum
Regalium prædictorum, sigilla communia collegiorum
dictorum, his indenturis apposuimus.
Dat. jmo, die Julii, Aº. Dni. MCCCCXLIIII.

In 1447 the warden went to Eton to be present at
Wainflete's consecration; and in the following year
entertained the provosts of Eton and King's.
1447. In uno equo dato dno. Epº. Wynton erga diem
consecrationis sue. vj lb. xiijs. iiijd.
In expens. dni custodis et aliorum equitant. ad Eton
ad consecrationem Wanflett in Epūm Wynton, etc.
xviijs. vd. Dať pueris Coll. Regal. de Eton eodem
tempore, xiijs. iiijd.
1448. In exeund. dat. dno. regi tempore dni Wain-
flete installationis, ij edorum, ii phesauntz, xii pterychis
(partridges) et xvii pull'. ixs. vijd.
In exeund. dat. d. Epo. Winton, tempore installa-

144
[1522.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
tionis sue 19 Janii. x. agnell. ij. xijm capoñ. et x copul.
cuniculor, viïis.
In jentaculo dat. proposito collegiorum Eton et
Cantabrig. et aliis venientibus cum eis de Coll. Eton et
Cantabrig. prandent' in aulâ custodis unà cum expensis
fact. circa anum. Epum Bathon. (M. D. Saye) pernoc-
tantem et expectantem per iij dies et noctes in Coll. et
alios venient cum eis, in frumento, brasio (ale), et aliis
victualibus et focalibus pro cameris eorundem, etc.
iiij li. xiiijs.
In 1469 the college entertained the provost of Eton
at breakfast.
Et in jentaculo dať preposito de Eton et preposito Ste
Elizabethe cum aliis cum eis venientibus xxi Martii,

vs. id.
In 1483, after the birth of Prince Arthur in Win-
chester Castle, King Henry VII visited the college.
In expens' factis circa diversos generosos in mense
Januarii venientes cum rege ad collegium ad diversas
refectiones in camerâ dni. custodis cum vs. pro carnibus
bovinis emptis pro eorum jentaculis præter panem et
cerevisiam xiijs. viijd.
In 1509, the warden and some of the fellows at-
tended the coronation.
1509. In expensis dni custodis et aliorum sociorum
equitant Londonias mense Junii ad coronationem dni
regis, lis. xjd.
In 1522, Henry VIII and the Emperor Charles V
visited the college, on some day between June 22nd
and July 1st. In the following year St. Mary's re-
ceived a second royal visit.
Sol'. Joculatori dni regis xxd.
In expensis in adventu regis ut in 6 hogzedes cere-
visiæ (ale) et in piscibus recentibus et in caponibus et

1522.]
AND COMMONERS.
145
feasantis et gollis datis dno. regi et in aliis expensis
eodem tempore, vli. ijs.
1527. In sol' pro i garnysshe discorum erga adven-
tum dni regis et tempus visitationis, xxiijs. iiijd.
The revenues of the college, in 26 Henry VIII,
are given in the Valor Ecclesiasticus, vol. ii, P. iv.
Lond., 1814; but a fuller statement is made some
years later in the following certificate.
To the Rt. Hon. Sir Edw. North, Chanc. of
the Court of Augmentations.
The certificate of the whole inquisition and survey,
had, made, and taken by Sir John Wellborne, Knt.,
Walter Hendley, Esq., Richard Worsley, Esq., Geo.
Pawlet, Esq., Richard Pawlet, Esq., and John Harwood,
commissioners to make a return of all colleges, etc., and
stipendiary priests, etc., in the counties of Southampton
and Berks.
The college of our Lady nigh Winton. The value of
all the lands appertaining and belonging to the said
college, dcccc.xlvij. vii. vi.
Whereof,
For annual fees, rents, resoluts, pensions, procura-
tions, synodals by year, lxxxiiiixvi. vi. xi. q.
For the warden's stipend with his commons, vi.
xviii. viii.
For lxx scholars and xvj choristers for their portions
and commons, ccviii. iiii. viij.
For X fellows for their portion and commons,
cliiij. vj. iii.
For the portions of iii conducts, iij clerks, and the
master of the song school, the master of the grammar
school, the usher, and other officers belonging to the
same college, and for their commons, cxxii. vii. x. ob.
For wages, liveries, for certain servants, in the said
college, xxxii. xvii. iij.
For the stipend of one chantry priest founded in the
cathedral church of Sarum, vii. vi. viii.




L

146
[1522.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
-. XX.
For alms, viii.
For divers expenses for the said college, as for the
progress, servants, liveries, for progress, visitations of
,
the bishop, for wax, wine, oil, and candles, xvi. xiiij. ij.
The tenth received of all the whole possessions of the
said college, xxxiij. ij. iiij. ob.
DCCCV. II. VIII. ob.q.
Ornaments, plate, jewells, goods, chattels, merely
appertaining unto the aforesaid college, as appeareth by
the inventory thereof made to the said commissioners,
not appraised.
And so remaineth xlii. iii. x. d. q.
.
which is employed towards the reparations of the tene-
ments and lands.
One Chantry.
John Foreman and Maud, his wife, to the intent to
have a priest to sing in the chapel within the cloister of
the said college, three times in the week, and so to serve
and sing in the choir of the same college on the holidays.
The value of the said chantry is in money numbered
vi. xiii. iiij., which the priest hath and doth receive
for his annual stipend.
MS. Roll, Augmentation Office, Certificate Li, No. 3.
LI
The college, at the Reformation, received in ex-
change from the crown, St. Mary's church and con-
vent of the Carmelite or White Friars, valued at
6s. 8d. a-year; but as they stood in the college mead
they proved an important acquisition: also, 35 Hen.
VIII, the house of the Dominicans, founded by Bishop
Peter de Roche, to the north of the city: also the
house of the Franciscan or Grey Friars near the east
gate: also the house of the Augustines, opposite the
church of St. Michael, and standing in the college
mead. Dugdale's Monasticon, vi, pp. 1570; 1486;
1512: 1591. The exchange appears to have been a
1545.]
147
AND COMMONERS.
cruel seizure of the original property of the founda-
tion by this rapacious tyrant. In 1544 the college was
deprived of the advowson of St. Leonard's Heston,
and St. Mary's Hampton, St. Mary's Twickenham,
and All Saints' Isleworth, which had been surren-
dered in 1391 by the prior of St. Valery in Picardy.
Instead of several valuable manors, for instance that
of Harmondsworth, the college received those of
Moundsmore, Stubbington, Woodmancote, and others.
July 12th. 35 Hen. VIII, P. 8.
8
For two years the college itself was in immediate
danger of dissolution, owing to the arbitrary act of
the godless despot Henry VIII, A.D. 1545, 37 Hen.
VIII, § iv. Happily, however, this odious statute
was repealed on the accession of King Edward VI,
who confirmed the charter of privileges and immu-
nities given by King Richard II; and while he took
all chantries, as forfeited, into his own hands, de-
clared : “ That this act, or any article, clause, or
matter contained in the same, shall not in any wise
extend to any college, hostel, or hall, being within
either of the universities of Oxford or Cambridge;
(2) nor to any chantry founded within the colleges,
hostels, or halls, being in the same universities ; (3)
nor to the free chapel of St. George the Martyr,
situate in the castle of Windsor; (4) nor to the col-
lege called St. Marie's College, Winchester, beside
Winchester, of the foundation of Bishop Wickham ;
(5) nor to the college of Eaton, etc. etc. Statutes at
Large, 1 Edw. VI, § xix, vol. ii, p. 401. Ed. 1763.
One of the unhappy acts of irreverence, so preva-
lent in those disturbed times, must now be related.


L2

148
[1535.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Mr. William Ford was “ usher under Mr. John
White, schoolmaster at St. Mary Winton College.
There were many golden images there in that church;
the door whereof was directly over against the usher's
chamber. One day Mr. Ford tied a long cord to the
images, linking them all in one cord, and being in
his chamber after midnight, he plucked the cord's
end, and at one pull all the golden gods came down.
It wakened all men with the rush; they were amazed
at the terrible noise, and also dismayed at the grievous
sight. The cord being plucked hard, and cut with
a twitch, lay at the church door. At last they fell
to searching; but Mr. Ford, most suspected, was
found in his bed. This happened about the year
1535 or 1536.
“ Mr. Ford afterwards had a dog's life among
them ; Mr. White, the schoolmaster, the fellows of
the house, and the scholars crying out and railing at
him, by supportation of their master. Violent men
lay in wait for him many times; and one night going
into the town, he must needs come home to the col-
lege by the town walls, the gates of Trinity College
[near the middle and lower brook] being shut. This
was espied; he was watched, and when he came to a
blind dark corner, by King's-gate, there they laid on
him with staves. He clapped his gown-collar, furred
with fox-fur, round about his head and neck. They
laid on him some strokes, but, by God's providence,
the most part, in that great darkness, did light upon
the ground. So they ran away and left Mr. Ford
for dead. But he tumbled and rolled himself to the
gates (for they made him past going), and then cried
1607.]
AND COMMONERS.
149
comm.com
AMICS
Seal of St. Elizabeth's College.
for help, and people came in, who took him up and
bare him to his lodging.” This gloomy iconoclast
narrowly escaped the sin of suicide: he died parson
of Newbury. Strype's Memorials, iii, P. 1, 174.
I
It must ever be a subject of regret that the
ancient college of St. Eliza-
beth of Hungary, founded by
Bishop John de Pontissarâ, or
Sawbridge, in 1301, was de-
stroyed: it was the first Com-
MONERS'. Part of the founda-
tions may be seen in dry hot
weather in St. Stephen's mead,
where the boys used to leap in
winter time.
The founder had thus made provision for the recep-
tion of commoners, and Martin says that full advantage
was taken of the permission.—Lib. III, cap. ii, p. 107.
Rubric xv. Permittimus tamen quòd filii nobilium
et volentium personarum dicti collegii specialium ami-
corum usque ad numerum decennarium, intra idem col-
legium in grammaticâ instrui valeant, et etiam informari
absque onere collegii supradicti.
The first notice of the expenses of a commoner
occurs in
1462. S. Eliz. Coll. Com. In recept pro communis
Willi. Norton scolarisantis infra novum collegium et
existent ad mensam in hospitio per xxxviij Septiman.
xxxjs. viijd.
The next order extant was made by Archbishop
Bancroft, as visitor, in 1607.
20. That forasmuch as the commoners ought not by the
statute to be burdensome to the college, they shall every




150
[1547.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
one of them hereafter pay for their commons four shil-
lings by the weeke, in the same manner that the former
weekly summes for their commons were paid.
The distinction of commoners in and out of col-
lege, was preserved until 1747; in 1681, for instance,
we find, according to the roll, two commoners “ in
college”, three “ in the warden's house”, and the
remainder “out of college”.
Thomas Runcorne, A.B., 1518, afterwards canon
of Winton, and last provost of St. Elizabeth's Col-
lege, in St. Stephen's mead, before the castle gate of
Wolvesey, surrendered it, then valued at 1121. 14s. 7d.
by the year, into the king's hands; who granted it to
,
Thomas Lord Wriothesley, afterwards Earl of South-
ampton: he sold it to Winchester College for 3601.,
provided that the warden and fellows either made
the church into a grammar school, wherein seventy
boys were to be taught, or else pulled it down to the
ground before Whitsuntide 1547. The college took
the latter alternative. The lion's head in the warden's
court, and the grotesque carvings inserted in the
walls of “ Meads”, are remains of the ill-fated build-
ings. In 1540 an important act of royal favour was
manifested towards Winchester. An act of parlia-
ment being made to raise 4s. in the pound of every
spiritual man's promotion in the province of Canter-
bury, all colleges in the universities, and the colleges
of Winton and Eton, were by special favour of the king
declared exempt.-Wood's History, ii, P. 1, B. 1, p. 70.
The proceedings of the royal commissioners have
been fortunately preserved; they afford some curious
details of the customs of the period.
1547.]
151
AND COMMONERS.

1547.
Papæ Rom. Archiep. Cant.
A°. Christi,
Reg. Angliæ,
Paul. III, 13.
1
Tho. Cranmer, 15.
Edw. VI, 1.
Injunctions given to Winton College by Sir James
Hales, kt., Francis Cave, Dr., and Simon Bridges,
D.D., commissioners of King Edward VI, in his
highness's visitation.—1 Edw. VI: “Ex reg. G. in
Coll. Winton.”
(1.) It is ordered and decreed by the king's said
commissioners, that from henceforth the Bible shall be
daily read in English distinctly and apertly in the midst
of the hall, above the hearth, where the fire is made,
both at dinner and supper.
(2.) Item: that as well all the scholars of the said
college and foundation, as other coming to the said
school, being able to buy the New Testament in Eng-
lish or Latin, shall provide for the same betwixt this
and Christmas next coming, to the intent that they may
every Sunday and other holy day exercise themselves
wholie in reading thereof, setting apart all other exercises
of prophane authors; and that the warden and school-
master, - or such as the warden in his absence shall
appoint, -shall diligently from time to time examine
them of their exercise in that behalf.
(3.) Item: that the warden, and in his absence such
one as he shall appoint, shall from henceforth every
Sunday and holy day, not being principall or octaves of
principall, immediately after dinner read unto the scho-
lars of this school some part of the Proverbs of Solomon,
for the space of one hour; which book ended, he or his
sufficient deputy shall begin the Book of Ecclesiastes;
which also ended, they shall begin then the said Pro-
verbs, and so continue; the said lecture to begin on
this side Christmas next, viz., Aº. Dñi 1547.
(4.) Item : that from henceforth the said scholars shall
use no other Primer than that which is set forth by the
king's authority: the Latin Primer for them that under-
stand Latin, and the English Primer for them that




152
[1547
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
understand not Latin. And yet, notwithstanding, for
him that understandeth the Latin, to use which of them
he liketh best for his edification.
(5.) Item: the warden and schoolmaster in all lec-
tures and lessons of profane authors, shall confute and
repel by allegation of Scriptures, all such sentences and
opinions as seem contrary to the Word of God and
Christian religion.
(6.) Item : that every scholar of this foundation, and
other coming to the said school, shall provide with all
convenient expedition for Erasmus’ Catechism, wherein
the warden, or his sufficient deputy, every Sunday and
holy day, shall read some part thereof, proving every
article thereof by the Scripture, and exercise the scho-
lars at such time therein.
(7.) Item : that all graces to be said or sung at meals,
within the said college, and other prayers which the
said scholars or children are bound to use, shall be
henceforth sung or said evermore in English ; they
shall henceforth omit to sing or say
“ Stella Cæli”,
“ Salve Regina!” and any such like untrue or supersti-
tious anthem.
(8.) Item: as well every minister and ecclesiastical
person in the college, as other laymen and servants,
shall abstain from all manner of ribald words and
filthy communication and other uncomely and light
demeanour, lest the tender youth hearing and conceiv-
ing the same, may thereby be infected and provoked
to vice.
(9.) Item: whereas four Bibles be appointed by the
king's highness' injunctions, to lie in the quire and
body of the church, it shall be lawful for the scholars
to carry and occupy one of the said Bibles to and in the
hall, and another of them in the school, so that they
render them to the church and quire afterwards.
(10.) Item: that as well the said warden, as every
fellow and conduct teaching the children, shall have
for this and their pains one yearly stipend of the com-
1553.]
153
AND COMMONERS.
mon goods of the college, taxed by the warden, with
the assent of the most part of the fellows; and the
schoolmaster and usher to have the old accustomed
stipend of commensales, and the warden, fellow, or con-
duct, to require no part thereof.
(11.) Item: that no person in the said college have
the correction of the grammarians, besides the warden,
schoolmaster, usher, and such fellow or conduct as shall
teach them in the warden's absence, and that there be
no excessive correction, but that the same may be miti-
gated by the warden's direction.
JAMES HALES.
FRANCIS CAVE.
In 1549, Sir Richard Morysin, the Earl of War-
wick, Viscount Lisle, Sir William Paget, Sir William
Petre, Bishops Holbeche and Hethe, held a visitation
of Winchester College.
In February 1550, King Edward VI manifested
his regard to the society by the gift of the manor of
Aysshe, in Surrey, to the value of 771. a-year, in lieu
of the manor of Endeford, Wilts, and other lands,
which had been granted to them by Henry VIII, on
the consideration of certain property, and the pay-
ment of 6701., but had been forfeited as they were in
entail, and the heir was alive. — Strype, Memorials,
vol. i, P. 1, ch. xxxiv (283).
In the year 1553, there was a mighty stir without
the college gates. Gay knights on caparisoned
horses, pages, and attendants, nobles and courtiers,
swept by on the evening of July 23rd; the standard
of Spain floated from the towers of Wolvesey Castle;
and the scholars peeping through the gates could
1 See Wilkins's Concilia Magnæ Britanniæ, iv, p. 8; and Carlisle's
Endowed Grammar Schools, ii, p. 456; Lond., 1818.

-


154
[1553.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
was
hear the sound of joyous music and the cheers of
welcome, and see the gallant procession, as King
Philip of Spain, with lowering brow and flickering
eye, rode past, the accepted suitor of the feeble-
minded Mary of England. With envious eyes they
watched the warden and fellows, the chaplains and
choristers, set forth on the morning of St. James's Day
to the cathedral, to be present at the splendid mar-
riage-ceremony of the royal pair. An evil bridal for
England: but the loyal boys thought little of the
Spanish intruder, when they beheld their queen enter
the quadrangle, attended by a gallant train of lords
and ladies, bishops and clergy. Her munificent gifts
to the city had diffused general joy; and now she
come to visit her ancient school, and attend
solemn service in St. Mary's Chapel. The head-
master received forty shillings; the second-master
half of that sum; and thirty were distributed among
the prefects and senior scholars; such a guerdon as
made their hearts leap with joy—sacred coin in their
eyes, to be laid up as heirlooms for ever by their
happy kinsfolk.
“ To vew and mark what eligaunt verses in Latin
of all kynde of sortes were affixed and set up on the
cathedrall churche dores, and the postes of my
lorde
chaunceller's place, where the king and quene laye,
by the skollers of Winchester Colledge, in prayse and
commendacion of this most noble and rare mariage of
Philip of Spayne and Mari of England, it shoulde
quicken the spirits of al dull doltes to embrace good
letters, and of the best learned to favour the good
will of al painefull studentes. I purpose for to sende
1553.]
155
AND COMMONERS.
-
---
the copy of some of theym to your lordship, God
willing, hereafter.”—So wrote John Elder, clerk, to
the Rt. Rev. - Lord
· Lord Robert Stuarde, Bishoppe of
Cathenes.”
The book, which was presented to the British
Museum, consists of fifteen leaves, and is still pre-
served there. The title runs thus :—“Ad Philippum
et Mariam reges semper augustos puerorum Collegii
Wickamensis apud illustrem Wintoniam Carmen
Nuptiale, 1554.”
At the back of the title is a pedigree, showing the
descent of Philip and Mary from the four children of
John of Gaunt. The expenses of the copy are thus
noticed in the Computus :-

ijs.
1553. To Purdie writinge the versues dedicated
To Seelye, for dileveringe the versues to the
kings and quenes highnes
xijd.
.
Around it, like a double collar, are written these
lines, by John White, Bishop of Lincoln :-
Nubat ut Angla Anglo Regina, Maria Philippo,
Inque suum fontem Regia stirps redeat,
Noluit humani generis Dæmon vetus hostis,
Sed Deus Anglorum provida spes voluit.
Gallia terra ferax, et inhospita Scotia nollet,
[al. Nollet Scotus inops, timidusque ad prælia Gallus)-Fox.
Cæsar, et Italia, et Flandria tota volet.
Nollet Joannes Dudli, Northumbrius ursus,
Sed fidum regni concilium voluit.
Noluit ætatis nostræ Catalina Viattus,
Sed proceres, sed plebs, et pia turba volet.
Transfuga, si quis homo est, vel si quis apostata, nollet,
Cui fidei, et voti cura relicta, volet.
Nos quod proditio, nos quod volet hæresis, illud
Nolumus, at Dominus quod voluit, volumus.



156
(1564.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
[Nollet Graius Dux, et Cantia terra rebellans,
Nos, quoniam Dominus sic voluit, volumus.
Carior effectus repetet sua limina sanguis.
Cùm sit Philippo juncta Maria viro.]
A Chronicle of Queen Mary.
(Camden Soc. Pub. 1850, pp. 143, 172-174.)
A handsome entertainment was given at the royal
visit; in the Computus occur the following entries :-
1553. For 16 tons of double beer when the king and
queen came to the college, 16:4; cloves by the lb..
0:5:4; mace, 0:16:0; cinnamon, 0:5:4; pepper,
;
:
0:2:6; currants, 0:0:51.
Queen Mary and her consort made offerings in the
chapel :-
A.D. 1553, 25 Julii.
The kinges almes,
xli. xvis. viijd.
The quenes
almes
vjli. xiiijs. iiijd.
My lorde of Chychester
Summa
xviijli. xs.
---
.
XXS.
By letters patent, dated at Westminster, April 6th,
1560, Queen Elizabeth granted to the two universi-
ties, and the colleges of Winchester and Eton, the
special privilege of using a Latin form of common
prayer, for the improvement of their members in that
language, when in all other cathedrals, churches, and
chapels, the public use was directed to be held in
the vulgar tongue.-Strype, Annals, vol. i, P. 1, ch.
xviii (223).
In 1564, when the act for making Wednesday a
fast day was made, the two universities and St. Mary's
College were excepted, upon their petition. The
archbishop was desired by the secretary of state to
grant his dispensation :- :-“The queen's majesty, at
-
1570.]
157
AND COMMONERS.
a
the humble suit of the Warden of Winchester, is
pleased to dispense with the scholars there, in like
sort as she hath for the universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, touching the observation of Wednesday,
made a fish-day by politic constitution. It may please
your grace, according to her majesty's will, so to give
out your dispensation for the said college. Your
grace's humbly to command, WILLIAM CECIL.”.
Strype's Parker, vol. i, B. II, ch. xxv (177).
In 1570, Queen Elizabeth visited Winchester and
the college. Orations and verses were recited before
.
her by forty of the scholars. Of these compositions,
most were in elegiacs ;—one was in Sapphics and
Adonics, by W. Phillips; the rest were in Greek,
which we give entire. The learned Pits was one of
the speakers. A faulty transcript of the whole is to
be found among the Ashmolean manuscripts, at
Oxford.

Του Γυλιελμού Τωκέρου.
Και δια τον κλισμόν βασιληίον όλβία εσσί,
Και επί των προγόνων κύδεϊ ευπατρία,
'Αγλαά μουσάων και πότνια τίμια θείων,
Ευνομία δε τρόπων πλειστον επαίνον έχει.
Του Ανδρέα Μορτιμέρου.
Ουδέν τούς θνητοίς όυτω πολυήρατόν έστι,
Ούτινος αργαλέος μηδέ πέφυκε κόρος.
Μη μόνον άρχομένοις τα άριστά σου ήνδανε θυμιο,
*Αλλά τεας αρετής πλησμονή ουδεμία.
>/
Του Ενρικου Φλόιδου.
Της μεν αληθείας διζήμενος ώφελεν είναι,
"Οστις δόξαν έχειν αθανάτου ποθέοι.
Σοι μεν άμυνομένη της πίστεος ισχυρών όπλον,
Ου ποριεί βιότου άφθιτα δώρα θεός.


158
[1570.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
The only traditions connected with her visit are,
that her minstrels were entertained by the college;
and that, when she pleasantly asked one of the
scholars whether he had ever endured the famous
Winton birch, he warily made answer to his learned
sovereign:
“ Infandum, Regina, jubes renovare dolorem."-- Æn. ii, 3.
Sir John Smith, in 1575, procured an act requiring
that for the colleges in either university, and for
those of Winchester and Eton, a third part of the
rent upon their leases should be reserved in corn,
paying at the rate of 6s. 8d. the quarter, or in malt,
5s. a-quarter.—Strype, Life of Sir T. Smith, ch. xv,
p. 144. (18 Eliz., cap. vi.)
The queen, in 1581, desired the college to present
Mr. Wilks, clerk of the council, to their vicarage of
Downton. On March 13th, they admitted him, pray-
ing her majesty, however, not to permit such addresses
in future to be made.-Strype, Annals, vol. iii, P. 1,
ch. v (54).
Some letters of the period are to be found in the
British Museum, both curious and characteristic of
the times. They are addressed to Sir William Cecil,
principal Secretary of state. In the first of those
which we give, he is desired to use his good offices
for the college at court; and in the second, to accept
the office of steward.
Oure humble dewtie remembred and doone unto your
honoure: it may please ye same to be advertised that
whereof late we receyved letters, not only from the
queene's majestie, but also from your honoure in the
1570.]
159
AND COMMONERS.
favoure of Mr. George Cobham, her graces trustie and
well-beloved servant for the obteyninge of a leasse
in reversion of sum one farme belonging to owre
college, suche maner grañtes in reversion be repugnant
unto ower statutes, accordinge as ye righte reverende in
God our singular and very good lorde ye Busshoppe of
Wynchester hathe in his lordshippe's letters not longe
sythe in that behalfe sygnyfiede unto yo honour. We,
therefore, beinge righte sorye that we may not lawfullie
and wth safe consyence the rather at hire maiesties con-
tēplatio, to whom we owe all allegiāce and dewtie,
gratyfie ye saide Mr. Cobham in yº man and sorte of
his sute, being not wthstanding very willīge and desyr-
ous to shewe o’selves gratfull accordeing to dewtie unto
hir maiestie, and ye rather at her graces request in
some poynts to satisfie hir trustie and wellbeloved ser-
vāte, have in suche frendly wise dealte wth him yt as we
truste he holdeth himself right well contented and satis-
ffied. The maner and forme thereof hisself hath
pro-
mised unto us be mouth at the delivry of these o' trs to
declare unto y' hono":
The pmissis cūsydired, o" most humble request unto
yo" goodnesse is, that for ye tender zeale and love wee
knowe yo hono to beare to learninge and vertue, and
yº maynteynance of good orders and statutes tendinge
to the furtherance of ye same, and for ye speciall trust
wch we repose in yo hono, as havinge takē upò yo at
of humble desiers, bēnge othēwise ov" burdened wth ye
greate and weyghty affayres of this realme, yº care and
tutel of of poor college towchenge the may’tenāce and
the pservacon of the landes of the same, for ye wch y’
goodnesse we, wth 7 littell ones, must thinke õselves (as
we doe) most bownde unto yō hono; yõ wilbe thus
good and favorable unto us as to signefie to y queenes
maiestie, at your good leisure and oportunytie, as well
õ proper and ready goodwill wth all dutifullnes in any
hyr gracious requests, wch lawfully and wthoute breache of
7 statutes and ordināces shall lye in us to grawnte, as




160
[1570.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
also to signifie to ye same hyr gracious goodness that all
kynde of revsions and such lyke grants ar expssly and
directly agaynst the same. And in consyderacon of
yº pmisses, if yo hono shall hereafter perceyve any such
sutes to be moved unto hir maestee for ye like, to be a
meane to staye the same, by such good ways as to yo
honos wisdo shall seame best ; in wh yo doinge, besides
Godds rewarde, yo goodnesse shall binde us yo poor
and humble orators to mak 7 earnest and dayly prayer
unto the mercifull Lord for the loge cotynuāce of yo
good health, wh all encreasse of felicity and hono. Fro
Saynte Maryes Colledge, nighe Winto, ye xvijthof
Novē, 1569.
Your most humble oratours, Tho. STEMPE,
warden, and the whole felloshippe there.
The warden and fellowes of the New Colledg by Win-
chester, touching a lease sued for by Mr. Cobham ; that
it was contrary to their statutes to grant leases on re-
version, a thing yo queen desired of ym for one Mr.
Cobham.—Lansdowne MS., xi, 83,
Re ipsâ unusquisque nostrū apud se nuper ex-
pertus est, vir illustrissime, verū id esse quod So-
crates in Platonis Phædro dixit, virtutis tantā exis-
tere pulchritudinē ut si corporeis ocules ea cerne-
retur, incredibiles sui amores in animis hominū posset
excitare. Nā quū esset inter nos dudū consultatio
quædā ac deliberatio necessaria, de patrono rebus nos-
tris et fundis pficiendo, tuarūque singulariū virtutū
mētio, ut fit, nō ingrata incidisset, ita ex admiratione
quâdā pulchritudinis earū, omnes comoti sumus, ut
ad tuæ amplitudinis patrociniū confugiētes, frustra aliū
quenquam præter te quærendū putaremus. Neq, enī qui
animi tui dotes tā pclaras tāq, illustres, ad sapientiā,
justiciā, moderationē, fidē, authoritatis
quod
momētu accedere videbamus, quia tu is esses, qui et
ppter hanc qo optime posses, et ppter illa superiora
libētissime nobis adesse velles, potuimus dubitare. Itaq,
te unū consentiēbus omniū suffragiis nostrū patronū ac
no parū


1570.]
161
AND COMMONERS.
(nisi nominis appellationē nimis humilem aversaris) pcu-
ratorē, seu, ut statuta nostra loquūtur, primariū terrarū
seneschallū declaravimus, sūmis pcibus id abs te cotēdētes,
ne supplices tuos clientes, ad tutelā tui nominis tanſ ad
portū tutissimū fæliciter appelētes, velis aspernari: quò
fiet, ut qui prudētissimo Cātabrigiensiū consilio eorū can-
cellarius designatus es, quiq, Wychamici apud Oxonienses
collegii, cujus hæc nostra schola quasi nutricula quædā
est, patronus jamdudū appellaris, nobis unà susceptis, in
publicā studiosorū p’tectionē atq, salutē natus esse videare.
Vale.-Wintoniæ è collegio nostro pridiè nonas Maias
1568. Tui nominis atq, honoris studiosissimi custos, socii
et scholastici Wychamenses.--
To the Right Honorable S" Wylliam Cecill, knyhte,
Principall Secretarye to Her Maiestye.
(Lansdowne MS., 10, No. 51.)

-
Right honorable or very good L.: As the comon
estate of this college and every member thereof hath
ben greatly bound to your ip, for many frutes of your
łp
favor, since it plesed your tp to receve the same into
your care and protection under her matie, soe noe cause
hath ever fallen out in our memory of greater import-
ance or more weyghty consequence then this, that now
urgeth us to seeke your tps favor, help, and assistance :
For so it is, right honorable, that lately wee receved
letters from her matie, directed to the reverend father-
in-God our yet warden, and us the fellowes of the
College neere Winchester, for thelection of Mr. Henry
Cotten to bee one of the fellowes of our house, if any
roome were voyd, or otherwyse could shortly bee made
voyd by resignation; but for as much as by the expresse
othe whch every one of us hath taken in our admissions
into the college, none may resigne wthout fower moneths
premunition given before and unto the warden or sub-
warden of of college, unless hee will incur most manifest
and wilfull piury: Notwthstanding that there was one wch
offered soe a resignation conditionall and recovable, yett

M

162
[1570.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
9
weying wth our selfes the great danger of periury, where-
into the party soe resigning must necessarily fall, if wee
had accepted thereof, and wch all being moved wth his
pplexed estate, and exceeding contrition, wherein hestood
utterlie dismaied, as soone as hee had knowledge of his
error and of the great danger whereinto he was fallen, wee
could not, wthout great offence to Almighty God, and, as
wee assured o'selfes, wthout the displeasure of her matie,
wch manifested her princely and gracious care for the
p’serving of o” statutes in her highnesse letters directed
unto us, suffer a silly and aged man, beeing one of our
owne society, misled only by error, to incurr the guilte
of that great and fearfull sinne; especially whenas, by
the condition of his resignation, it lay in us to releeve
him. And heerewth, as wee nothing at all doubt but
her matie, in her princely clemency and favor will rest
satisfied, if it shall plese your honour to inform her high-
nesse of the truth conteyned in th’acts of of orderly
proceeding :
Soe is here yet a matter of noe lesse, or rather
mutch more greate importance, wheerein we humbly
beeseech your honor, for the generall love you beare
unto all colleges, and the pticular care you have always
held of the New College in Oxford, and this neere
Winton, both wch, in this theire great distrisse, doe fly
unto you for succor, that you would youtsafe to stretche
foorth your helping hand unto us, and wth
your accus-
tomed wisdom and goodnesse to assiste us in this o"
great necessity, for wee are stronglie informed that Mr.
Cotten, not beeing of ether of our houses, is in hope to
obtayne her maties favor to be placed warden in this
o' college, by vertue of her maties royal prerogative,
directly against the statutes of our foundation : God
forbid, right honorable, that wee should bee so unduti-
full as to grudge of anything that pleseth her highnesse
in her princely wisdom, and goodnesse. But sutch is
our miserable estate, if that should come to passe, ,
that
wee must bee forced, ether to manifest disobedience,


1570.]
163
AND COMMONERS.
wch wee deteste from o' hartes, or els incurr most mani-
fest and grievous piury, not in one or two points, but
in all thacts, consints, and consultations wheren wee
coyne wth him so placed heere against or statutes for
any affayres of the howse. Therfore wee by noe menes
doubt or dispute of her maties royall prerogative, but
o” humble sute to your honor is, that it would plese
your fps gravitye, and integritye, to acquainte her most
excellent matie wth our distressed estate, wch must bee
forced to be ether disloyall, wch wee abhorr, or piured,
wch wee wth deu regard labor to pvent, in case a stranger
bee imposed over us, against the rules of our founda-
tion : nether doe wee in any wise tye her maties power
royall to the private orders of our house, but only make
knowne unto your ip that wee stand so far foorth
bound by them, that we can nether procure, admitt,
nor use any dispensation to the contrary, from what
power soever it proceede, for these are the
very
wordes
of of statutes. Having therfore no patron so able for
wisdom to consider, nor so willing for favor to respecte
our hard and unhappy case, wee ar bold in forefeeling
of o” misery, to use some vehemencye in beeseeching
your tp to open to our religious and renowned soverayne
the coñon danger of us all, if her matie use her princely
power w"out her princely favor, and in the highte of her
royall authority voutchsafeth not to remember her depth
of princely clemency, for the pservation of whose most
royall person, and continuance of her maties most godlie
regiment wee, wth all her loving subjects that have any
sense of truth, or any spark of grace, ought and dayly doe
make our prayers unto God, th’advancer and
all princes, and thus in most humble wise recomending
the protection of both our colleges, and of us all unto
your honors pietye and godly regard, wee cesse to bee
farther trublesome to your honor at this time, beseeching
thalmighty to send you lengthe of life, and encresse of all
true happiness, to the great good of His churche, this
whole realme, and especially of all houses of good learn-
ing.

th
pserver of
M 2

164
[1605.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Your honors, in all humble dewtie, the fellowes of
Winchester College,
GEORGE RYVES.
JOHN BOLES.
ANTHONY BEELEY.
ROBERT SMYTH.
THOMAS JEFFREY.
GUIDO DOBINS.
WYLLIA MATHYN.
GEORGE BLOUNT.
JOHN TILBERS.
m
-
Endorsed, 20. Maii, 1596.
The fellowes of Winchester
Colledge. Mr. Cotton.
The nature of their statutes The Right Honorable on
is such yt it would be manifest verie good Lord, the
perjury in y" to accept of such Lord Highe Treasurer
a warden as yº queen was send- of England.
ing yn : desire him therfore
earnestly to prevent it.
Dr. Bilso.
(Lansdowne MS., Burghley Papers, 82, No. 35.)
The following letter will show the nature of those
to which we have furnished the replies.—MS. 4077,
Fitzherbert, Nov. 1605. (Chapter House, West-
minster) : -
To the warden and fellows of New Colledge, neere
Winton, for the schoolmrs place.
For as much as we are given to understand that the
schoolmaster of the publique schoole in the colledge of
Winchester, being provided of other good meanes of
living is lik err it be long to give over that place :
Although wee doubt not but whensoever it shalbe
voyd, yo’ would of yo'self have care to see it well
sup-
plyd wth some other person very meete and sufficient to
discharge that dutie; nevertheles, upon the humble
suit that hath bin made unto us in the behalf of one
Richard Fitzherbert, a master of arts in the universitie
of Oxford, a fellow of New College, and one of the


1603.]
165
AND COMMONERS.

proctors of the said university at this present, and not
wthout some proofe of his good merite and sufficiency
that hath bin shewed to our self, when wee were of late
in that universitie, we are well pleased earnestly to
commend him unto you for the obteyning of that place
of the schoolemaster when it shall be next voyd.
The scholars found occasion to maintain their
ancient name, when in 1580 was a grand bardic trial :
the Dragon, the famous ship of Sir Francis Drake,
returned in that year to Deptford; London emptied
itself of its crowds to welcome the circumnavi-
gator : the queen herself dined with the great sea-
captain in his cabin; and on the mast head fluttered
verses set there by the chief poets of the age. The
palm was adjudged to the students of St. Mary's,
and this was their welcome :-

Plus ultrà, Herculeis inscribas, Drace ! columnis,
Et magno, dicas, Hercule major ero.
Drace! pererrati quem novit terminus orbis,
Quemque simul mundi vidit uterque polus ;
Si taceant homines, facient te sidera notum,
Sol nescit comitis immemor esse sui.
Digna ratis, quæ stet radiantibus undique stellis,
Supremo coeli vertice digna ratis.
Camden's Life of Queen Elizabeth,
in Kennet's Hist. of England, vol. ii, p. 480.
In November 1603, there came a sudden summons
to the warden from the king, desiring the society to
quit their chambers, and allow the judges, the sheriffs,
and chief lawyers of the realm, to lodge in them,
while they held their court in the hall of Wolvesey
Palace. On November 15th, 16th, and 17th, was

166
[1615.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
-
held the shameful trial of Sir Walter Raleigh, than
whom sun never shone upon a worthier knight.
Mrs. Lettice Williams, sole executrix of the will of
Thomas Williams, purchased an annual rent of 121.
at a cost of 2001., and gave the revenues to the St.
Mary Winton colleges, on condition that three ser-
mons should be preached, two by priests of New
College,—the first at St. Paul's Cross, in London,
the second in New College Chapel, and the third in
St. Mary's Chapel at Winton, all on November 5th;
and also, that five orations should be yearly made,
two at New College, —the first in honour of the
founder, the second in memory of King James I, and
Queen Elizabeth; three at Winchester,—the first in
honour of the founder, the second in memory of
King James and Queen Elizabeth, and the third to
welcome the warden of New College and the posers
at the gates. This bequest was made July 11th,
1615. For several years after the Restoration, the
day of the oration, “ Eliz. et Jacobi”, was changed to
the king's birthday.
A college boy's bill in the beginning of the seven-
teenth century will interest our readers. It is the
account rendered for his son to Dr. Hutton, Arch-
bishop of York :--
J. Hutton, to Michaelmas :
£. S. d.
Imprimis, for a payre of stockings
0 3 4
Item, a pound of candles
0 0 4
for 2 payre of shoes
5 0
for mending his clothes and for stuffe . 0 8 8
for quartridge
0
for inck
a sett of Ovids.
0
زو
O
وو
.
.
1 6
0 2
0
7)
0 5 4
وو

1615.)
167
AND COMMONERS.
9
99
وو
a
9
.
.
وو
وو
ور
.
Item, Tullie's offices .
0 1 2
paper
0 0 4
for mending his shoes .
0 3 2
To Xmas., at his entraunce into the colledge:
Imprimis, for his dyet at Mr. Philips”, from
August 16th, to Sept. 31st
1 10 0
Item, for a new gowne
0 16 9
for powling money
0 1
1 0
for chamberstocke, viz., to mend lockes
and windowes
0 1 6
to his predecessor for glasse windowes 0 1 0
for a scobb to hold his books
0 3 6
for making his surplisse
0 2 6
5 ells and 3-quarters of holland for it . 0 13 5
for 5 ells and į of canvis
05 5 5
for 30 lb. of flocks
0 15 0
for a coverlid
0 10 0
for a payre of blanquetts
0 11 0
3 yeards of teike for a boulster
0 4 0
for making the bed, boulster, and
blanquetts
0 1 2
for 2
payre
of shoes
0 5 2
for inke
0 2
for a Psalter
0 2 0
for 3 lbs. of candles
0 1 3
of stockings
0 3 4
for washing
0 1 6
for battlings on fasting days
0 g 6
for making his gowne at Xmas.
0 1 0
for mending his clothes and for stuffe. 0 3 10
paper
0 0 4
for a booke of rhetorike
0 1 0
To Our Lady day :
Imprimis, to the carryer for bringing the 5li. 0 1 0
Item, for his dinner on the hunting day 0 0 6
for a payre of shoes
0 2 6
for battlings on fasting days with the
Lent

وو
.
وو
0
وو
a
.
وو
99
for a payre
9)
وو
9)
.
99
0 9 8
ور
وو

168
[1615.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
a
Item, for inke
for washing
for a payre of stockings
for a payre of gloves
for a lb. of candles
for learning to write
for mending his apparell and stuffe
paper
4 yards of Devonshire kersey
for making his suite
for lininge, lace, and other necessaryes
for his suite.
0 0 2
0 1 6
03 4
0 1 0
0 0 5
0 14 0
0 27
0 0 4
1 2 0
0 5 0
وو
.
.
1 3 3
9
وو
وو
9
وو
To Midsomer :
Imprimis, for mending his clothes and stuffe 0 3 5
Item, for battlings
0 6 0
a pair of shoes .
0 2 8
inke, a Tusc. Quæst., Cambden, and
Greek Test..
0 4 11
2 bands
0 2 6
a paire of stockings
0 3 4
2 shirts
09 9
washing
0 1 6
a payre of gloves
0 0 8
for birche
0 0 4
a Lucan
0 2 0
for sweeping the schoole
0 19 O A
0 0 2
for dressing an hatt and an hattband 0 1 8
for 2 yeards and a half of greane fustian
fustian ( 2 6
for 2 yeards and of homes fustian 0 3 4
for an ell of canvis
0 1 1
for 3 yeards of black cotton
0 4 1
for j yuard of white cotton
0 1 4
for lace
0 4 10
for stitching silke
0 08
for sowing silke
0 08
for one yeard of russet fustian .
0 1 0
for whalbone and pastbord
0 0 6
for taffaty
0 2 0
ور
وو
ور
وو
وو

1615.]
169
AND COMMONERS.
وو
Item, for buttons
tape for the knees
for making his suite
for mending his gowne
for footing a payre of stockings
for mending his hose
for mending his goune
for fustian, and cotton for his hose
for tape for the knees
0 1
1 0
0 0 3
0 5 0
0 0 4
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 0 3
0 0 9
0 0 3
Co O OO A HO COO
وو
وو
We will extract a few more entries :-
2 11
2
وو
0 1 8
.
Item, for a suite of apparell, with a single
galowne lace
for a girdle, 12d., and a pair of gloves,
8d.
for 3 pair of ruffes, 8d., a dozen of
points, 6d.
for a chest
for inke, a Psalter, a Nowell, and
grammar
for a table-book and inke-horne
for a Deus and Rex
for Ovid's Metamorphoses
for a Terrence and paper booke

0 2 0
0 8 0
0 3 8
0 1 2
0 08
0 0 10
0 1 8
وو
The good father came to visit his boy, and was
welcomed by the scholars with a punning allusion to
Donatus the Grammarian, mentioned in the statutes:
In adventum D. Tobiæ Matthæi Archiepiscopi Eboracensis dignissimi
Carmina laudatoria congratulatoria.
ALLUSIO NOMINIS.
Si bonus es Dominus, Dominus bonus esto, Tobia,
Matthæus datus est, te Deus ipse dedit.
Matthæus novus cum veteri comparatus.
Matthæus Donatus erat, vetus ille, sed exit
E vivis, valeat, vivat et usque Novus.
Ashmolean MSS., Wood, 13 D.

170
[1635.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Twice King Charles passed through Winchester ;
once, in 1637, with the unhappy Henrietta Maria,
and again on his way of sorrows to his martyrdom.
In 1635, he visited the college:
Pro ly velvett pro libro Carminum in adventum
regis Caroli I, 0:6:0.
Archbishop Bancroft held a visitation in 1608: the
more important articles were reinforced by his suc-
The twenty-sixth order directs every fellow
“to lye within the college in the week of his course,
and be present in the chapel at morning prayer daily
at 6 A.M.”—Plea of the Fellows of Winchester College,
1711.
The last injunctions issued at an archiepiscopal
visitation, which possess any interest, were given by
Archbishop Laud: they were as follows:
cessor.
Archiep.
.
Ao. Christi,
Gul. Laud., 2.
.
Reg. Angliæ,
1635.
Carol. I.
Orders enjoined by the most reverend father in God,
William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, his
grace, primate of all England and metropolitan, to
be observed by the master, warden, fellows, chap-
lains, and ushers, of the College of St. Mary, near
the city of Winchester, made upon their answer
unto the articles of inquiry given them in charge
in his grace's metropolitical visitation there actually
exercised, Aº. Dni M.DC.xxxv.-Reg. Laud., fol.
147, b.
1. Imprimis : that none who is incorporate or mem-
ber of your college, of what quality soever, do at any
time, without a just impediment or constraining neces-
sity, neglect his coming in due time unto morning and
evening prayer in your chapel ; and, namely, that Geo.

1635.]
171
AND COMMONERS.

Johnson, one of your fellows, be more diligent to per-
form his duty therein, than formerly he hath done.
II. Item : that the whole divine service according
to the form of the Book of Common Prayer, be always
read on Sundays, and other solemn days, without omis-
sion of the Nicene Creed, or any other part thereof.
III. Item : that your chapel be from time to time, kept
in good repair ; the ornaments therein made seemly,
your communion-table comely and decently adorned ;
and also placed close to the E. wall of your chancel,
having the end standing N. and S., with a rail enclosing
the same.

iv. Item : that your fellowes' and scholars' commons
be augmented according to the statute of provision,
and fire allowed in your hall in the winter time, for
such days as your statute doth require.
v. Item: that your warden for the time being, have
from henceforth no allowance of diet when he is absent
from your college, unless your statutes do allow it unto
him.
VI. Item: that your wardens, fellows, and chaplains,
and other the officers of your college, do usually fre-
quent your college-hall at meal-times and take their
diet there, as your statutes do enjoin, and that none be
suffered to carry their commons to private houses.
VII. Item : that your college-gates be every day
shut up at due and appointed times, and that none be
permitted to come in or go out in the night season with-
out consent of the governors of your college, and upon
special and urgent occasion.
VIII. Item : that that fellow of your college that is
rider for the keeping of the courts, be from time to time
acquainted with all fines and grants of copyholds be-
longing to your college: and the true accounts be
thereupon duly given up unto those that are appointed
by your statutes to receive them.
IX. Item : that your warden make satisfaction for
the unnecessary charge he hath put your college to in

172
[1667.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
XI.
building himself lodgings, a stair-case, and balcony-
window, and for the college money he expended in fur-
niture for those his lodgings and buildings, amounting,
as we are informed, to ccxxli.
X. Item: that the allowance agreed upon in the
Lord Archbishop Bancroft's time, our worthy prede-
cessor, be observed by your warden and others the
members and officers of your college, being very favour-
able on the warden's behalf, and that the xxli. which
your warden yearly takes for wine, be bestowed as is
appointed by your College statutes.
Item : that such reverence be used in
your
chapel, both in your access thereunto and recess there-
from, and also in service time, as is practised in cathe-
,
dral churches, and is not dissonant to the canons and
constitutions of the Church of England ; and that no
fellow, or others belonging to your college, of what
degree soever, presume to come hither without his cap
and hood.
XII. Item: we require, that these our injunctions
be carefully registered and observed. In witness hereof
we have hereunto put our archiepiscopal seal. Given
at our manor of Lambeth, the 28th day of May, in the
year of our Lord M.DC.XXXV, and in the second year of
our translation.
The drunken brawls and profane shouts of Sir
William Waller’s rebel troopers were heard in the
holy aisles of the cathedral on December 15th, 1642,
as they hewed down carved work and monuments;
but by the gallant interposition of two Wykehamists,
Col. Nathaniel Fiennes and Mr. Nicholas Love, no
sacrilegious hand was laid upon the founder's shrine,
nor foot of the destroyer entered the gates of St.
Mary's College.
The following entry is interesting:
1643. Dat. militibus Mri. Fines (Col. Nathaniel) 29:5:6
1775.]
173
AND COMMONERS.

ܪ
In 1667, owing to the prevalence of the plague, the
election was held at Newbury. With the Restora-
tion, the hope that Winchester would be again the
residence of the court revived. The fresh air and
hunting-grounds on the broad downs induced the
“merrie monarch” to decide upon building a palace
upon St. Stephen's-hill, whither he could retire from
the smoke, the din, and cabals of the metropolis. On
March 23rd, 1683, the king in person laid the first
stone; great were the improvements begun and de-
signed in the ancient city; the spirit of improvement
spread even to the college, and the chapel was re-
decorated, and a new school-house built. Within
five years the royal builder, who, as his father before
him, had visited the school, was laid to rest within
the aisles of Westminster; and that which, sur-
rounded with extensive parks and commanding a
prospect unsurpassed in England, would have been
the Versailles of English kings, was left to be occu-
pied as a barrack or a gaol. Yet again it was
probable that princes would reside there, for Queen
Anne designed to settle it upon the kind-hearted
Prince George of Denmark: death once more in-
terrupted the design.
About the middle of the last century, one gold and
two silver medals were annually given by Lord Bute
to the school. In 1761, Thomas, Earl of Aylesbury,
was the donor. In 1765, Lord Bruce. In 1772,
Lord Bute again.
The following important order was made in the
year 1775.-
Ordered, that it be an instruction to the committee, to

-

174
[1778.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
-
a
whom the bill for enabling the two universities to hold
in perpetuity their copyright in books, for the advance-
ment of useful learning and other purposes of education
within the said universities, is committed, that they have
power to extend the provisions of the said bill to the
colleges of Winchester, Eton, and Westminster. A° 1775.
15 Geo. III.—Journals of the Commons' House of Par-
liament, vol. xxxv, p. 351, col. 2.
In 1787, we learn that the Earl of Aylesbury
and the Lord Rivers were the donors of one gold
and two silver medals.
St. Mary's College was, after the lapse of many
years, again honoured with a visit from the sovereign,
George III, one who had received in trying times the
endearing appellation of the father of his people. On
Monday, Sept. 28th, 1778, the king and queen visited
the camp at Winchester, taking up their residence at
Mr. Penton's house: here the dean and canons attended
upon his majesty, with the warden and fellows of St.
Mary's and the two masters of the school. On Sept.
30th, 1778, their majesties proceeded from the cathe-
dral on foot through the Close, which was lined with
guards, to the college gates, where a royal guard and
band, furnished by the West Kent, Gloucestershire,
Lancashire, Stafford, Dorset, and Wilts Militia, then
in camp at Winton, received them. They were wel-
comed by the warden, the head and second master,
and four fellows, and conducted over the chapel and
library, seventh chamber, and so to the school, where
the Earl of Shaftesbury, commoner, and W. Cham-
berlayne, scholar, delivered speeches of congratula-
tion. They next proceeded to Meads, where the king
admired the beauty of Clump on Hills, and was
1778.]
175
AND COMMONERS.

“ much pleased when he was told that it was com-
pleted in one day by Lord Botetourt, during the last
encampment of the Gloucestershire Militia, of which
he was colonel. Their majesties successively visited
the hall, warden's gallery, and election chamber,
where he was much interested on learning that
Henry VI had five times dined in that room. The
king left one hundred guineas to be divided among
three senior scholars.

Regum antiquorum, Rex augustissime! morem revo-
cas, qui literatorum sodalitiis interesse, oculisque et
aspectu doctrinarum studia comprobare non indignum
putabant amplitudine suâ. Et profectò, complures regios
hospites, Henricos, Edvardos, Carolos, olim excepit
vetus hoc inclytumque musarum domicilium : nullum,
qui bonas litteras te (Pater illustrissime !), vel magìs
amaverit, vel auxerit, vel ornaverit. Quin et animum
tuum propensamque in literas voluntatem vel hoc abundè
testari possit, quòd vicina castra tot tantisque procerum
Britannicorum, pro patriâ militantium præsidiis instruc-
tissima, bellicis spectaculis te non penitùs occupatum
tenuere, quò minùs ut togatam juventutem respiceres,
et ex armorum strepitu remissionem quandam literati
hujus otii caperes. Ut diù vivas et valeas, in utriusque
Minerva perennem gloriam, tibi fausta et feliciter com-
precantur omnes, voventque Wicamici tui.
W. Chamberlayne.
Forgive th' officious muse, that with weak voice
And trembling accents rude, attempts to hail
Her royal guest, who from yon tented field, ,
Britain's defence and boast, has deigned to smile
On Wykeham's sons ! the gentler arts of peace
And science ever prompt to praise, and Mars
To join with Pallas !--'Tis the muse's task
And office best to consecrate to fame
Heroes and virtuous kings : the generous youths,

176
[1793.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
My loved compeers, hence with redoubled toils,
Shall strive to merit such auspicious smiles,
And through life's various walks, in arts or arms,
Or tuneful numbers, with their country's love,
And with true loyalty inflamed, to adorn
This happy realm, which thy paternal care
To times remote and distant lands shall spread,
Peace, justice, riches, science, freedom, fame.
SHAFTESBURY.
On April 3rd, 1793, there broke out the most
formidable rebellion ever known in any public school.
The band of the Bucks Militia usually played in the
cathedral close, and the warden issued an order that
no boy should go thither, and added, that any one
found on the spot in disobedience to these directions,
should forfeit “his leave out.” On Sunday, Dr. God-
dard, second master, discovered a boy named Moody
within the forbidden limits: a peremptory order for-
bidding “ leave out” was issued to the whole school.
In vain the prefects remonstrated upon the injustice
in a Latin letter with the warden: Dr. Warton was
warned not to enter school on the next morning, but
Dr. Goddard on his entrance was assailed with a
volley of missiles: the warden sent for the offenders,
to expel ten of them, but the keys were wrested
from the porter, who, it is said, went away at once to
Romsey; the gates were closed, the quadrangle was
unpaved, and the stones were carried up to the top
of the chapel tower, and an oath of mutual aid and
fidelity taken in the school. The magistrates, grand
jury, and high sheriff (who were assembled to address
the king on Thursday morning), Lieutenant Way, of
the Bucks Militia, three companies of which were
drawn up in College-street, and Canon Poulter and

1816.]
177
AND COMMONERS.

Mr. Brereton of Kingsgate-street, severally endea-
voured to effect a reconciliation. On the third day
the boys agreed to return to obedience, on the proviso
that the authorities would grant an amnesty. These
terms were acceded to and the offensive edict was
rescinded. Ten days after, Dr. Budd, a physician of
London, was desired to remove his son from the
school, owing to his share in the rebellion; upon this
becoming known to his associates, with one excep-
tion, the boys unanimously went up to the warden and
handed in their resignations. All then returned to
their homes. A college meeting was held, and thirty-
six boys were expelled.
An anecdote of the school must be here related.
At this period in Winchester was a famous school,
called Hyde Abbey (part of the buildings and grounds
may still be seen from the railroad), kept by the Rev.
Dr. Richards, afterwards canon of the cathedral. In
it were educated Wolfe the poet, Canning the states-
man, and many distinguished officers of the royal
navy and the army; Sir Edmund Lyons, now envoy
at the court of Stockholm; and the present warden
of New College. Some challenge or defiance was
given by these boys. On the first ensuing holi-
day a dozen of the best boxers, in commoners and
college, started off Hills and presented themselves to
maintain the honour of Wykehamists. The combat-
ants had scarcely engaged, when the intruders were
expelled by the muscular doctor, who sallied forth to
interrupt the fray.
In 1816 the Prince Regent was graciously pleased
to give two gold and two silver medals to the school;

N

178
[1816.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
which have been continued by King William IV
and her present Majesty.
On May 7th, 1816, another disastrous rebellion oc-
curred; upon their return from evening Hills, the keys
of the gates were taken from the porters, the court-
yard was unpaved, and the stones carried to the roofs
of the gates. On the following morning it was found
necessary to call out a detachment of the second bat-
talion of the Fusileer Guards to overawe the mob,
which had assembled in College-street. The Staf-
fordshire Militia, under Colonel Milner, was lying
also at the time in the king's house. In the course
of the day the commoners and scholars left for their
homes, twelve ringleaders were expelled, and forty
commoners not allowed to return. Six boys only,
college prefects, did not join in the rebellion.
The following details of interest with respect to
the state and expenditure of the college at this time,
were elicited before a committee of the House of
Commons. The firm and dignified manner in which
the society remonstrated with Mr. Brougham deserves
explicit mention. An able writer in the Quarterly
Review, notices their behaviour in the following
generous terms:—“ Winchester College has found
able vindicators in Mr. Clarke and Mr. Bowles, whose
publications are prefixed to this article. The peculiar
indignation displayed against that society, appears to
have been excited by the demur with which they
received the mandates to produce their statutes. They
are accordingly treated with extraordinary severity
both in the examination and the pamphlet. The fol-
lowing are given as copies of those mandates.

1818.]
179
AND COMMONERS.

666
“ Education Committee, House of Commons,
May 23rd, 1818.
“Ordered, that the head master of Winchester school
or college do send to this committee, on Tuesday next,
one o'clock, the statutes of the said school or college,
with some person to attend who can give information to
the committee respecting the management of the said
school or college, if it should prove inconvenient for the
business of the school that the master himself should
attend.
“+H. BROUGHAM, Chairman.'
“ As soon as it was ascertained that this courteous
note was the genuine production of the honourable
chairman, the head master of the school and the
steward of the college were sent to the committee;
but the statutes were not in the custody of the school-
master. Accordingly the next billet was as follows.
House of Commons, 26th May, 1818.
“Sir,- I have to require that you will, without fur-
ther delay, send a proper person acquainted with the
college affairs, and that he do bring with him the statutes
and last year's accounts of the establishment. You will
comply with this requisition without asking any per-
son's leave to send the statutes, provided they are in
your custody, and if they are not, you will show this to
the keeper of them, and report to me if he refuses to
give them up.
The committee expect that the person
sent shall be here on Thursday, at two o'clock.
“I have the honour to be, etc., your's,
«H. BROUGHAM, Chairman.'"
(Quarterly Review, art. xiv, 1818, vol. xix, p. 539, 540.)
James Ralfe, steward and auditor of Mary's Col-
lege, being desired to produce the statutes, put in the
following document:-



180
[1818.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
In obedience to the order of this hon. House, I ap-
pear in behalf of Winchester College ; but previously
to entering on the business for which I am summoned,
with all due respect I beg leave to state a moral and
religious difficulty.
The warden and fellows are bound by a solemn oath
to observe the founder's statutes. In those statutes the
founder expressly forbids them “ Secreta revelare ad
extra.” Rubr. vi and viïi. He strongly inhibits their
showing the statutes or any chapter of them, “ alicui
personæ extraneæ. Rubr. xlii. Nisi propter neces-
sariam defensionum ipsorum, aut ex aliâ causâ necessariâ
vel utili, per majorem partem Sociorum Presbyterorum
Collegii nostri propè Wintoniam approbandâ, id neces-
sitate cogente, vel utilitate poscente, fieri oportebit.”
With these passages before them, the warden and
fellows have serious scruples about their competency to
exhibit their statutes and reveal their private concerns,
unless under the force of absolute compulsion. They
have deputed me to submit these their scruples to your
consideration, and hope you will be pleased to weigh
them before further process.
28th May, 1818.
JAMES RALFE, Steward.
All the statutes used to be kept formerly in the
college, to which the boys could have constant access,
but in consequence of their writing in them very
improperly, they were removed. There are two
masters: the head-master, called the informator ; the
second master, called hostiarius : there are three chap-
lains, three clerks, sixteen choristers, and seventy
scholars, elected once a-year by six electors: the
warden of St. Mary Winton College in Oxford, the
warden of St. Mary's Winton ; two fellows of the
former college, called supervisors or posers; the sub-
warden of Winchester, and the head master.
1817.]
181
AND COMMONERS.
“Quòdque omnes et singuli in idem collegium nos-
trum prope Wintoniam in scholares eligendi sint pau-
peres indigentes :” “vel postquàm aliquis scholarium
predictorum, nostris consanguineis exceptis, possessiones
spirituales vel temporales annui valoris c solidorum
pacificè adeptus sit, ex tunc à dicto nostro collegio ex-
pellatur.” Rubric xxiv.
These hundred marks would be equivalent to about
661. 13s. 4d.
Quòdque omnes et singuli scholares dicti nostri col-
legii propè Wintoniam, primam tonsuram habentes, ton-
suram deferant condecentem ; et si qui eorum tempore
admissionis primam tonsuram hujusmodi non habuerint,
ipsos ad eam recipiendam infra annum proximum tunc
sequentem arctari volumus et astringi, sub pænâ expul-
sionis finalis eorundem à nostro collegio supradicto;
nostris consanguineis, infra vum xum ætatis suæ annum
existentibus, duntaxat exceptis. (Ibid.)
Until recently they had breakfast at ten A.M., con-
sisting of bread and butter; a dinner at a quarter
before one P.M., of beef, bread, and cheese; and
then a supper at six, of mutton, and bread and
cheese, and beer at each of the above meals. The
plates were wooden trenchers. One gown is given to
each scholar annually. A fellowship is worth com-
monly between 4001. and 5001., on an average 4207.
a-year: if resident, the fellow receives about 1s. a-day.


Dec. 1816.-Dec. 1817.
Expenditure of Winchester College.
Custos capellæ et librariæ
163 14 3
Coquinæ
274 12 0
Aulæ et panatriæ
336 1371
Brasini [brewery]
1061 7 10
Scaccarii
17 5 9

182
[1825.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
18 10 61
89 13 58
.
1078 15 91
389 67
In officinâ janitoris
Gardini et pratorum
Domorum [repairs. A serious fire had
occurred in 1815]
In hospitio domini custodis
Necessariorum cum donis [the spring
and autumn progress of the warden
and fellows to visit the college es-
tates, with maps and surveys made
in 1817]
Liberatarum
Pasturæ de Stoke
Molendinorum et aquæductus
Fæderum, litium, et sectarum
Stipendiorum et portionum (salaries of
the masters, chaplains, and clerks]
Solutio forinseca [taxes and tithes paid by the
college, vicars' pensions, land-tax,
repairs, etc.]
pro legatis
Distributio facta pauperibus
consanguineis [founder's kin]
Liber dispensatoris (meat, bread, and wine for
the audit, etc.]
3422 0 101
156 3 10
15 9 2
1 8 6
101 12 2
429 17 10
335 90
150 8 0
36 6 9
20 0 0
2642 14 4
10,741 10 4
Recd. balance of year 1816 £4,056 1 101
Dº. amount of indenture 10,377 6
Total received
Paid
14,433 8 51
10,741 10 4
Balance 3,691 18 11
(Reports of Committees on Education, vol. iv, p. 131-143.)
In 1825 was the first public-school cricket match ;
the present Dr. Wordsworth, canon of Westminster,
being captain of the Winchester eleven, and his
1841.]
183
AND COMMONERS.

brother, the late esteemed second master, the leader
of the Harrovians. The statistics of the subsequent
matches are the following: Winchester defeated Har-
row in 1825, by 135 runs, at Harrow; in 1826, by 382
runs, at Lord's-ground ; in 1830, by 58 runs, single
innings ; in 1834, with one wicket to go down; in
1835, by 88 runs; in 1836, by 9 runs; in 1840, by
11 runs; in 1844, with three wickets to go down ;
in 1845, by 12 runs; in 1851, by 1 run: Winchester
defeated Eton, in 1826, by 56 runs; in 1830, with eight
wickets to go down; in 1838, by 34 runs; in 1840,
by 43 runs; in 1841, by 109 runs; in 1843, with eight
wickets to go down ; in 1845 it was a drawn match ;
and in 1851, when Eton did not go in for a second
innings. Harrow won in 1837, 1839, 1841, 1842,
1843, 1850 : Eton won in 1829, 1833, 1834, 1835,
1836, 1839, 1842, 1844, 1850. So that Winchester
has been defeated fifteen times, but has been success-
ful seventeen, and defeated Harrow and Eton in the
same years on four occasions, in 1826, 1830, 1840,
1851. It is at Lord's, in election week, and at the
annual dinner held at the Thatched House Tavern,
that the chief reunions of old Wykehamists long
separated occur.
During the years 1839-1841 the picturesque Old
Commoners was demolished. By the munificence of
the college and old Wykehamists, of whom Dr.
1 Old Commoners was built by Dr. Burton, and formed an irregular
quadrangle. On the west side were the head-master's house, an excel-
lent ball-court, and upper and lower cloister galleries, built over a small
cloister ; on the north was “Wickham's” buildings, containing the Hall
of the Juniors, various dormitories, and the residence of the tutors ; on
N *
184
[1849.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE

Williams gave 5001., Sir W. Heathcote, 2001., Mr.
Wordsworth, 1001., A.B., 10001., and Lord Eldon
was another munificent subscriber, new buildings
were erected in their stead, after the designs of Mr.
Repton of London, by Mr. Herbert, at a cost of
25,0001.
the south were upper and lower conduit galleries, part of the ancient
“Sustern Spital”, and divided into dormitories above, and below into
apartments for the matron, and three “ Continent Rooms”, or sick
bays. On the ground-floor, to the west of the inner entrance, were the
“Hatches”, from which the bread or “sines”, and cans of beer, called
“jorams”, were issued; the kitchens, etc.; opening into a small court,
containing a dormitory, known as “New Room". On the other side
were the prefects' and the tutors' studies. On the east side of Com-
moners' Court was the wall of the college stables, and a range of fine
elm trees, destroyed with one exception during a violent summer-storm
in 1836. Underneath the survivor was the “long bench”, so frequented
in “standing-up time”. The entrance gate stood where the west gate
of modern Commoners' is at present. Parallel with the east side of the
court, and to the southward of the tutors' studies, was the “dining hall”;
and above it was a set of sleeping rooms, upper and lower hall galleries.
On the westward of the hall was "the conduit”.
Vu
dia
TATA
WA
MINNIE
ma
WHA
1849.]
185
AND COMMONERS.

It is with feelings of no common pleasure that we
record the visit to our ancient school of H.R.H. the
Prince Albert, who manifested his princely regard
for its welfare by making the most minute inquiries
into the course of its studies. We give the speech
delivered at the ceremonial of reception :-
Oratio ad Portas Collegii B. M. V. Winton ad
Illustrissimum Principem Albertum.
Die Julii xii, A. S. MDCCCXLIX.
Liceat, Princeps augustissime, te, vel ad Portas veteris
hujus collegii, per tot sæcula Deo, ecclesiæ, litteris
consecrati, paullisper moratum, nostrâ qualicunque gra-
tulatione consalutare. Regum enim antiquorum morem
revocas, qui literatorum sodalitiis interesse, oculisque
suis et aspectu doctrinarum studia comprobare non in-
dignum putabant amplitudine et dignitate suâ. Igitur
nos, quorum majores in his ipsis mænibus complures
Regios hospites, Henricos, Edvardos, Carolos excepe-
runt, qui ipsi regiam munificentiam in numismasin,
literarum præmiis, experti sumus, te multiplici doctrinâ,
et artibus ornatum, eundemque egregium litterarum
fautorem, te regibus oriundum, et magnorum, quod
speramus, regum parentem futurum, te augustissimæ
reginæ maritum exoptatissimum nullo non animorum
affectu et reverentiâ prosequimur. In hâc enim umbrâ
inter tranquilla omnia et silentia, ceteris Europæ genti-
bus metu, ruinâ, cæde flagrantibus, nos super antiquas
vias stare, Deo servire, legibus parere, patriam amare,
reginam summo cordium studio venerari discimus.
Ingredere, ergo, ô Princeps illustrissime, sacratam
hanc Ædem. Mirare Illius optimi Viri monimenta,
cujus beneficio, prudentiâ, fide, exemplo grati utimur ;
salutationemque hanc nostram et totius Wykehamici
Nominis oblatam pro benevolentiâ tuâ accipere ne de-
digneris.
We cannot more fitly conclude this portion of our



186
[1852.
ST. MARYWINTON COLLEGE
chronicle, than by expressing the earnest hope, that
on some occasion while on her journey through Win-
chester, her Majesty may be pleased to accompany
her consort at the time of “Domum”, during her
own“ queen's weather”, on a visit to the most ancient
of her schools, and we feel assured that no welcome
which has ever greeted her ears,—many though they
have been,—will exceed the expression of the heart-
felt joy that will thrill the loyal sons of Wykeham.
ES
RSS
وراء النهر
DAL
Thing
VI RADOYEES
724
Wy
பயாய:
inn
なかなか
​WILLIAMS
1852.]
187
AND COMMONERS.
a
To the stranger who comes from London, and, after
a rapid journey of two hours, with the din of the
railway train yet ringing in his ears, alighting at the
station, takes his way towards Wykeham's College,
the calm and peacefulness of Winchester will appear
something remarkable. He passes through streets
sloping down a gentle declivity, quaint and bearing
the marks of age, old, solid, of crimson brickwork,
unlike the hasty erections of modern days. He
enters the still close; the shadows of a noble avenue
of elms fall coolly upon him in the hot summer noon;
the grand prospect of the cathedral, the green plats
and ancient gates, the deep religious quiet of the
place, carry back his thoughts to times long gone
by; he hears the cheerful chimes of St. Mary's, and
turning round the sharp corner by the King's Gate,
enters College-street: before him is the head-master's
new residence, and beyond are the grey front and
buildings which are the object of his journey. Tall
trees, alive with the dark wings of the tenants of
rookeries that have been perpetuated here for centu-
ries, a clear and rapid stream, “ Alresford water”, as
old Leland calls it, and the walls of Wolvesey Palace,
close in the prospect. Warden's stream was for many
years the eastern boundary of the college.
Hugh Segar was remembered as the benefactor in
1428: “ qui condidit aquæductam”; i. e., the whole
apparatus for supplying water to the brewhouse, cel-
lar, and inner quadrangle; a water-wheel and reser-


188
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
voir near the spring, Segrym's well, which rises at
the foot of St. Giles's Hill, and the leaden pipes which
passed beneath the bed of the river, through the water-
mead and under the Bishop's road, into the old reser-
voir conduit in the great quadrangle, removed fifteen
years ago. In 1481, Bishop Waynflete confirmed the
.
grant of water.
The modern exterior of the warden's lodge mars
the view; the initials J.(ohn) H.(armar), and date,
1597, show the period of the change. This tasteless
president removed the beautiful oriel windows which
flanked the gates; would that they were restored,
to harmonize with the noble entrance gateway, as
Milyen
METABON
anuranin ANIMiran
பாரி
1852.]
189
AND COMMONERS.

represented by Loggan in 1675: the label terminates
in two busts, those of King Edward III, and the
founder. In the story above is a beautiful niche,
richly canopied; within it stands an image of the
Blessed Virgin, crowned and bearing a sceptre: the
holy Child rests upon her left arm. On the boss in
the centre of the groining are carved the arms of
Wykeham.
Upon the east side of the first court (it might be
called the Lion's Court, after the carving on the
western wall), is the warden's lodge, which was
newly fronted in 1832-3 by Mr. Repton. Warden
Nicholas expended 13751. upon it during his presi-
dency. The line of upper windows are in the war-
den's gallery, where the examinations for the Heath-
cote prize were held. It is rendered interesting by
the portraits which adorn the walls.
In this handsome chamber are two pictures of the
founder; and portraits of Doctors Cobb, Coxhead,
Harmar, Harris, Love, Nicholas, Bigg, Dobson, Burt,
Golding, Lee, and the present warden ; Bishops
Kenn, Lake, Bilson, and Huntingford; Archbishop
Howley and Dr. Goddard. There is a curious hanap,
with a cover of the sixteenth century, in the warden's
possession.
This was the site of the bakehouses, with granaries
for malt and flour above, supported by massive piers,
and of the butcher's house. On the west were the
brewhouses, the work rooms for the carpenters and
masons, and the stables. The door on the west side
of the inner buttress of the gateway leads to the
bursary. A line of offices thus separated the chambers
a
190
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
of the members from annoyance on the side of the
street.
The middle gate is of a more ornamental character
than that which forms the entrance; the room above
is the Election Chamber, and formerly the great hall
of the warden, communicating by passages with the
rest of the buildings, as we find by an entry in
1570:-
Pro reparationibus circa galleriam Domini
Custodis.
Item, circa gallerias sociorum
xliiijs. jd.
xxijs. jd.

00
OLUN
Na
DIRETTORE
How many an anxious heart has been in that
chamber; many sick with hope deferred; who went
in with longing expectation, and came forth with
slow and heavy steps. The day panted for, through
1852.]
191
AND COMMONERS.
;
years, arrived, and set in disappointment. The letter
announcing superannuation or defeat had to be written
home. How the ardent boy has sickened as he
heard the fatal words,“ no vacancy”; to them, Collins
owed his after sorrows—and to them, many a noble
spirit attributed his future success, spurred on to
make new efforts, while he might have grown dull
and indolent amid the literary ease of New College;
and when in after life he returned, an honour, to the
old school, rejoiced with a thankful heart that his
last farewells there were uttered amid the affectionate
regrets, and not the congratulations, of his then
apparently more fortunate fellows.
On Tuesday afternoon in election week, the war-
den and two posers from New College arrive, and
are welcomed by three orations at the gates. They
then proceed to election-chamber in the character
of visitors, to receive complaints and regulate the
government of the society. On the next morning,
being joined by the warden, head-master, and sub-
warden, they sit as examiners of candidates for ad-
mission into Winchester College, and then of a certain
number of prefects and senior part, divided into three
fardels or classes, to elect the chosen scholars of New
College. On Thursday evening they make up the
rolls; two of the founder's kin are set at the head of
the roll; these are not superannuated until twenty-
of
age; and on their election to New Col-
lege are at once actual fellows: then follow the
names of the examined in order according to their
merit: they are superannuated at the age of eighteen,
but may succeed to New College if a vacancy falls in


a
five years

192
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
during the following year. They remain scholars
for two years after their admission. The number of
vacancies is about nine in two years, on an average.
For admission into Winton College, two of founder's
kin are first elected by a majority of votes, the rest
are nominated in order by the six electors. From
1393 until 1815, 6,932 scholars had been elected at
Winchester. From January 1st, 1815, until 1850,
515 scholars were elected; during that period twenty
is the highest number admitted in one year; this has
occurred four times. The order of the election was
prescribed by the founder in these terms. We trust
that competency in singing will be again insisted
upon, in order that every scholar may bear his part
in the divine services of the chapel.
By Tii. Statuimus ordinamus et volumus quòd in
omni electione scholarium futuris temporibus in dictum
nostrum collegium prope Wintoniam faciendâ, princi-
paliter et ante alios quoscunque omnes illi, qui sunt et
erunt de consanguinitate nostrâ et genere, siqui tales
sint, ubicunque fuerint oriundi, seu moram traxerint,
per viam specialis prerogativæ, absque difficultate quâ-
libet in dictum collegium prope civitatem Wintoniæ pro
eorum sustentatione et doctrinâ, juxta effectum ordina-
tionum et statutorum nostrorum in dicto collegio habendis
recipiantur ac etiam admittantur ; quodque omnes et
singuli in idem collegium nostrum prope Wintoniam in
scholares eligendi sint pauperes, indigentes, bonis mori-
bus ac conditionibus perornati, ad studium habiles et
conversatione honesti, in lecturâ, plano cantu, et antiquo
Donato competenter instructi.
Ælius Donatus was a noted grammarian of the
fourth century: so Chaucer, “ No passef to vertues
of this Margerite, but therein al my Donet can I
1376.]
193
AND COMMONERS.

lerne.” Dean Colet explains a Donat as an “ Intro-
ducyon into Latyn speche.”—See Warton, Hist. of
English Poetry, vol. ii, p. 117.
-
Nullusque in dictum nostrum collegium prope Winton
admittatur, qui viijum. ætatis suæ annum non compleverit,
vel xiium, ætatis suæ annum excesserit, nisi infra xviium
ætatis suæ annum constitutus taliter forsan in gram-
maticâ fuerit informatus, quòd ante xviiium ætatis suæ
annum completum judicio eligentium in grammaticâ
sufficienter poterit expediri, nostris consanguineis dun-
taxat exceptis. Statuentes prætereà quòd post dictos
consanguineos nostros, pauperes indigentes scholares de
locis et parochiis, in quibus possessiones spirituales aut
temporales ipsius collegii prope Wintoniam ac nostri col-
legii Oxoniæ existunt, deindè oriundi de diocesi Winto-
niensi, deinceps seriatim de comitatibus Oxoniæ, Berks,
Wilts, Somerset, Bucks, Essex, Midd., Dorset, Kanc.,
Sussex, et Cantebrug: ac posteà de aliis partibus quibus-
cunque regni Angliæ existentes . . . eligantur, etc. Item
quòd scholares prædicti omnes et singuli (nostris consan-
guineis duntaxat exceptis, quos quidem consanguineos
usque ad xxvum ætatis suæ annum completum stare permit-
timus in nostro collegio supradicto) cùm xviiium ætatis suæ
annum compleverint, seu expediti fuerint in grammaticâ,
sive non, à dicto nostro collegio propè Wintoniam pro per-
petuo expellantur, nisi fortè eorum aliquis ad collegium
nostrum Oxoniæ pro numero ibidem supplendo fuerit
nominatus, et in indenturis scriptus existat, tunc verò
scholarem hujusmodi quemcunque sic nominatum et
scriptum, usque ad xviiijum ætatis suæ annum completum,
et non ultrà, stare permittimus in collegio nostro prope
Wintoniam. [No one “ ad sacros ordines suscipiendos
inhabilis” was to be admitted.]
Rubr. iii. Item, singulis annis inter vijum diem mensis
Julii et ium diem mensis Octobris proximè tunc sequen-
tem, custos collegii nostri Oxoniæ et unus de discretio-
ribus sociis ejusdem collegii gradu magistratûs, in facul-

o
194
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
tate Philosophiæ seu in Theologiâ graduatus, et unus
alius gradu doctoratûs aut bacallariatûs in facultate juris
civilis aut canonici ... sumptibus collegii nostri Oxoniæ
accedant ad collegium nostrum prope Wintoniam, sic
quòd vj equorum numerum non excedant.

;
Upon the southern front of Middle Gate Tower is
represented, under three canopied niches, the Angelic
Salutation, and the Founder in prayer. This noble
quadrangle, one hundred and ten feet in length and
one hundred and forty in breadth, irresistibly strikes
the spectator with the force of its grandeur and ap-
pearance of solidity. Its prominent feature is that
of venerable antiquity; the handiwork of Wykeham
was sacred in his sons' eyes; and while successive
changes and innovations have destroyed so many
remains of early art in the universities, here and at
New College, the original has been cherished and
preserved with the fondest veneration and care, as if
every trace of the founder were consecrated ground.
The very simplicity of the design lends beauty to this
fine court. The visitor will observe the curious sym-
bols over the windows and set against the walls: the
psaltery and pipe at the entrance to the refectory:
the master and the scholar, the iron-bound chest, the
soldier, and the clerk ; by the help of these, and the
minute details of the statutes, we can point to the
several chambers as they were allotted to the members.
Rubr. xxxiiij. In singulis cameris inferioribus sint
ad minus iij scholares honesti, ac cæteris scholaribus
maturitate, discretione, ac scientiâ provectiores, qui aliis
suis consociis cameralibus studentibus superintendant,
et eosdem diligenter supervideant, et de ipsorum mori-
1540.]
195
AND COMMONERS.

bus et conversatione, studiique profectu, custodem,
vice-custodem, et magistrum instructorem de tempore
in tempus certificent et informent.
Three fellows were to live together in each upper
chamber. The warden was to occupy
66 Cameram
supra interiorem portam borealem, cum unâ superiori
camerâ eisdem cameris ex parte orientali contiguâ cum
omnibus aisiamentis (furniture) in eisdem.” The chap-
lains were to occupy “Cameram cum camino versus
occidentem coquinæ propinquiorem.” The head-master
and hostiarius,“ Cameram superiorem ex parte boreali
versus occidentem.” All who lived in the upper cham-
bers were not to throw anything out of the windows
whereby the scholars below should suffer in person,
goods, or chattels, or be in anyways annoyed. The
chamber under the hall was the schoolroom.
In
the north-west corner of the quadrangle, Fromond's
chantry-priest had his rooms. The casements were
added in the fellows' chambers in 1540, by Warden
More.
C. Johnson, the head-master, describes the school
as it existed about the time of the Reformation. One
of the three clerks was then the organist. There
were three prefects in each chamber of the scholars.
First peal rang at 5 A.m., and the scholars rose :
Sex cameræ pueris signantur et una choristis.
Purpureas Aurora fores ubi pandit ab ortu
Eoö, et quintâ cùm linea tangitur umbrâ,
Stridula spirantes campana reverberat auras.
In classem properant ; et si campana taceret,
Discincti inciperent psalmum cantare Latinum.
To this custom Bishop Ken alludes, when he says
in his Manual, “ As soon as ever you awake in the

02
196
[1570.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
morning, ... be sure to sing the morning and even-
ing psalms in your chamber devoutly. ... If you are
a commoner, you may say your prayers in your own
chamber ; but if you are a child or a chorister, then,
to avoid the interruptions of the common chamber,
go into the chapel, between first and second peal in
the morning, to say your morning prayers, and say
your evening prayers when you go circum.” The
custom prevailed till the latter end of the last cen-
tury. These canticles, as we should call them, were
made up of selections from the Latin Psalms, though
slightly differing from the version of the Vulgate;
the morning was composed of verses taken from the
ninety-fifth, the invitatory of matins, and the one
hundred and third Psalms, used in the matins of
Saturday; that for the evening was the one hundred
and forty-fifth Psalm. Second peal was at half-past
five A.M. ; the boys having completed their dressing,
and swept out chambers in the interval:

3
Convocat ad templum tandem campana secunda,
In medio rectè quæ quintam dividit hora.
Jam tandem precibus divinâ mente peractis,
Campanâ minimâ breviter leviterque sonante,
Sexta quidem ad doctas pueros vocat hora Camoenas.

In the Fellows' room, over third chamber, Ken's
organ was preserved for many years. One day the
occupant, Dr. Philip Barton, heard some intruder's
fingers running softly over the keys; he entered,
and discovered the delinquent; it was Dr. Joseph
Warton, then a boy.
The beds in chambers were made of straw bundles,
even in the sixteenth century. Dean Fleshmonger
1708.]
197
AND COMMONERS.
laid down the wooden flooring, and gave the oaken
bedsteads.
The following interesting letter was addressed by
Sir Jonathan Trelawny, the visitor, to Winton Col-
lege :
MR. WARDEN AND GENTLEMEN, —When I was last
at Winchester, I thought it would be much for the
health and cleanliness of the children of the college,
that there should be bed-makers appointed by the war-
den for them, and the children relieved from the servile
and foul office of making their own beds and keeping
their chambers clean. And also, that during the winter
half-year, between Michaelmas and Lady Day, they
should not be obliged to rise before six o'clock in the
morning. You then so entirely agreed with me in
this opinion, and so readily complied with this proposal,
that I thought I might spare the formality of sending
a solemn injunction to that purpose; but Michaelmas
now drawing near, I only write this to signify to you,
that I expect that from that time what I formerly en-
joined, and you agreed to, should be put in execution.
I am, your most affectionate servant and brother,
Sept. 16th, 1708.
JONATH. WINTON.
The chapel service begins at six A.m. in summer,
and at a quarter to seven in the winter. There are
prayers for the scholars in the evening at eight.
We must here recall the vivid picture given by
Tom Warton, in The Happy Junior of Sixth Chamber :
Hither, ye jocund muses, haste,
And if ye love a theme of taste,
Begin with me in tuneful strife,
To sing a junior's happy life.
A thousand cares at times molest
The steady prefect's thoughtful breast;
Cares of Election Chamber vex,
And pupils every hour perplex,



198
[1836.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Though many a blow imprint my pate,
For salt or trencher brought too late;
But when we get to dear New College,
Profoundly skilled in classic knowledge,
Whether in coat of jemmy cut,
Or one so spruce, we boys shall strut,
Or fortune, in a strange vagary,
Make us a solemn prebendary,
Yet still with pleasure shall we think on
The junior's happy life at Winton:
Pies, hot cakes, lozenges, and snacks,
Taws, hogsheads, dispars, gomers, jacks.”
What, though our seniors rule the roast,
Pray then, what else have they to boast ?
Like us, our seniors are but boys,
Nor aim at more exalted joys,--
Like us, they deal with Peggy Brunning,
Like us, exposed to constant dunning,
Like us, on home their thoughts are running,
Like us, impatient for a ride,
Eager they wait for Whitsuntide.
Think not I mean this idle strain
The fiction of a thoughtless brain;
In me behold the very thing,
The self-same character I sing ;
Of no poetic club a member,
But humble junior of Sixth Chamber.
T. WARTON.

The old conduit which stood outside the kitchen
was removed in 1836.
No
range of collegiate buildings can boast of more
beauty than the southern side of this court. At once
dignified and simple, we see combined in one line,-
200 feet in length, 36 feet in breadth, and 63 feet in
1 Small tennis balls used in the Fives' Court.
2 Used in the ignoble game of marbles, now proscribed.
3 A portion of meat at dinner-time.
Chargers of pewter.
• Drinking cans, containing beer, and made of leather.

M
ba
C.W.Radclyffe.
E. Radclyffe.
THE CHAPEL, WINCHESTER COLLEGE

1852.]
199
AND COMMONERS.

height,—the muniment-chamber, with its finely-pro-
portioned turret, the chapel, with the canopied niche
and image of St. Mary in the eastern gable, richly
traceried windows glowing on sunny days at noon as
if set with jewellery, and buttresses terminating in
crocketed pediments, and the refectory, with the
former school beneath it: and still more to the west,
the butteries, bursary, and audit-room, raised in suc-
cessive floors to the level of the chapel roof: and at
the extreme end the niched figure of St. Michael,-
as at New College appears the image of Raphael
the Archangel. Such a symmetrical, graceful, and
convenient design, was the happy and peculiar con-
trivance of Wykeham. Behind the chapel rises
Thurburn's Tower ; that built originally by the
founder was smaller, and covered with a conical
leaded spire.
The arms of Uvedale, argent, a cross moline, gules,
and the motto, “ Uvedallus Wickhami patronus”, set
úp over the “mured-up” door in the north side of the
chapel, were the gift of Jonathan Rashleigh, Esq., of
Wickham, Hants, in the middle of the last century.
A custom prevails of singing the hymn “ Jam lucis
orto sidere”, in procession round “the Sands”, on
the morning of “breaking-up”, both in winter and
summer, after chapel. Huddesford alludes to it in an
address to Whitsuntide :-

Thy votaries, ranged in order due,
To-morrow's wished-for dawn shall view ;
Greeting the radiant star of light,
With matin-hymn, and early kite;
E'en now, these hallowed haunts among,
To thee we raise the choral song ;
200
[1852
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
And swell with echoing minstrelsy,
The strain of joy and liberty.
If pleasures such as these await
Thy genial reign, with heart elate,
For thee I throw my gown aside,
And hail thy coming, Whitsuntide.
The ascent to the refectory, 62 feet 9 inches long,
and 29 feet 10 inches in breadth, is made by a noble
flight of stone stairs. A screen divides the hall from
the butteries and offices. Wainscot, the gift of Dean
Fleshmonger in 1540, lines the walls. The fine oaken
roof, supported by carved ribs and corbels, alternately
the busts of kings and prelates, was restored in the
present century.
Archbishop Warham gave tapestry hangings to
the hall; the arras in the audit-room, emblazoned
with arms, sacred emblems, and wreaths, with the
union of the roses, is probably part of the suit.
The “tub”, a massive iron-bound chest, stands
between the doorways; into it are cast the fragments
after dinner, to be distributed to poor almspeople ;
fixed benches and tables are arranged along the
sides; and at the upper end is the raised daïs, or high
table. In the centre, below the steps, was the hearth,
from which the smoke ascended through the louvre
made in the richly groined roof of oak; when, as at
New College in old times, the scholars gathered to
sing and listen to the tales of the chroniclers. At
the present time, the Domum is sung on the last six
Saturdays of the “long half”, just before “evening
hills”; and daily before and after dinner the beautiful
Wykehamical grace' is chaunted by chosen singers.


1 For the music, see Appendix.
1852.]
201
AND COMMONERS.

C.W.RADCLYFFE
No finer example of a collegiate hall remains; we
must revive before the reader's eye the appearance it
once wore :
per-
Cùm in ipsâ aulâ idem custos comederit, habeat in mensâ
vice-custodem, magistrum informatorem, et alios socios
petuos dicti collegii presbyteros seniores, ità tamen quòd
iijum ferculorum numerum non excedant. In mensis vero
collateralibus ex utrâque parte ipsius aulæ sedeant primò
et principaliter alii perpetui socii presbyteri et capellani
conductitii dicti collegii, deinde hostiarius et posteà scho-
lares, sicut venerint, absque vendicatione superioris vel
anterioris sedis, vel loci propri cujuscunque, et absque
festinatione vel tumultu per ipsorum aliquem faciendo,
quibus sic in aulâ comedentibus dictos capellæ clericos
deservire volumus, et etiam ministrare, qui posteà cum
202
[1852.
ST. MARYWINTON COLLEGE

-
aliis servitoribus et ministris comedere debent in aula
prædictâ, habeantque sic sedentes unum de dictis schola-
ribus per magistrum deputandum Bibliam, vitas patrum,
dicta doctorum, vel aliquid Sacræ Scripturæ tempore
prandii legentem, quem in silentio epulantes, audiant et
diligenter auscultent.--Rubr. xiv-v.
The Bible was read before dinner and supper
even in Bishop Ken's time. At present, on the two
first days in the election-week the Gospel for the
preceding and coming Sunday is read during dinner-
time between the courses, by the senior scholar, not
superannuate-one on either day.
At the time of the Reformation, breakfast was
served at nine o'clock, and consisted of beer and
bread. At eleven school began. At noon dinner
was served. The prefect, who said grace, was attended
by nine companions. The Bible-clerk for the week
read a chapter in the Old Testament aloud. The
prefect of tub first served the prefect of hall with
"dispars” of beef; and then during dinner-time walked
up and down between the tables, and saw that the
dishes were properly issued out and carved by each
mess of four boys, and the leathern jacks (piceus can-
tharus) set on. The Bible-clerk, when his office was
done, dined at the “round table”; the cloths were
put in the “tub”; grace and a psalm were sung
antiphonally: the fragments were given to certain
poor almswomen, and afterwards the choristers and
the seryants took their dinner. At half-past three,
they had “ beavers”, a draught of beer, and a
slight meal; on their return to school, the boys
gave up their tasks to the masters, or, in default,
were reported by the classicus. At five o'clock they


1852.]
203
AND COMMONERS.

went “circum", the whole society going in proces-
sion round the college, and afterwards had a supper
of mutton, of one dispar to three boys. From hall
they went to chambers. At eight P.M. they sang a
hymn, and having attended evensong, returned to
rest.
Before leaving the hall, they sang the metrical
version of the penitential cxxx Psalm, “ De pro-
fundis”, the “ Kyrie, Eleison”, the “Lord's Prayer”,
the collects, “Inclina, Domine”, and “ Absolve, quæ-
sumus”, and the “ Ave Maria” (Rubric, $ xxviii).
These collects, as containing prayers for the souls of
the departed, and “ Ave Maria”, have, since the Re-
formation, been disused; the oratio, “Omnipotens
et sempiterne Deus”, occupies their place in election
week; and the “Hymnus Matutinus, die recessionis
ante festum Pentecostës”, “ Jam lucis orto sidere”,
is adopted during Easter time in the stead of the
“De profundis”.
This is the use in election week only; at other
times, the scholars sing before dinner the “Benedic
nobis”; and after dinner, the “ Agimus Tibi gratias,
omnipotens Deus, pro his et universis”, etc., the
hymn, “Te de profundis, summe Rex”, etc., con-
cluding with the prayer (in Latin), which is used as
the collect upon commemoration days.

1
Te de profundis, summe Rex,
Jehovah, supplex invoco ;
Intende voci supplicis;
Ad Te precantem suspice.
1 For music, see Appendix.
204
[1574.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Delicta si peccantium
Severus observaveris ;
Quis sustinebit impius ?
Piusve quis non deficit ?
At lenitas paterna Tibi ;
Hìnc Te veremur filii;
Te sustinemur unico,
A lucis orto sidere.
Fiduciam tantamque spem,
In Te reponit Israel
Tuo, Deus, Qui sanguine
Peccata mundi diluis.

Deo, Patri sit gloria,
Ejusque soli Filio,
Sanctissimo cum Spiritu,
In seculorum sæcula.1
In Westminster School, at present, alone sur-
vives the custom of acting plays : in the days of the
Tudors, this hall has often served for a stage and
theatre, and gathered in audiences as noble as those
which now meet in St. Peter's College.
1574. Pro diversis expensis circa scaffoldam erigen-
dam et deponendam et pro domunculis [dressing-rooms?]
de novo compositis cum carriagio et recarriagio les joysts
et aliorum mutuatorum ad eandam scaffoldam cum vij
ly lincks; et i duoden' candelarum pro lumine expens' iij
noctibus in ludis comediarum et tragediarum xxvs. viijd.
Pro vijly lincks deliberat per Mr. Inform.pro ludis. iijs.
Pro jų fune ad appendend' navim in aulâ, xijd.
Pro removendis organis è templo in aulam et prepa-
randis eisdem erga ludos, vs.
Cuidam incarcerato pro reparatione navis (lamp] pen-
dentis in aulâ, viz. pro coloribus et aliis ad reparationem
ejusdem necessariis iiijs. et pro labore suo iijs. iiijd.

1 For music, see Appendix.
1590.)
205
AND COMMONERS.

1583. Pro expensis in extruendâ scenâ in aulâ ad
agendas comedias iijlb. iijs. xd.
1590. Item, ijbus carpentariis ex consensu dñi cus-
todis
pro
conficiendo theatro, xiijs. vjd.
The ceremony of the boy-bishop was likewise ob-
served here, as at Eton [Rubric xxxi, Coll. Eton] on
December 6th, the feast of St. Nicholas, the patron of
children, Henry VI's birthday.
Permittimus tamen, quòd in festo Innocentium pueri
vesperas, matutinas, et alia divina officia legenda, et
cantanda dicere et exequi valeant, secundùm usum et
consuetudinem ecclesiæ Sarum. Rubric xxix.
One of the boys was elected bishop by his fellows,
who continued to parody, according to the Use of
Sarum, the episcopal functions (except the secrets of
the mass) until night on the festival of the Holy
Innocents. The little tomb of a boy-bishop is still
shewn in Sarum Cathedral. Even the enlightened
Dean Colet perpetuated the farce in St. Paul's School,
where the boys attended to hear the boy-bishop's
sermon on Childermas Day, and each offered one
penny to him at the high mass in the cathedral.
The true origin of the ceremony is probably to be
found in the desire to offer an incentive and hope to
the boy, to attain to that learning and virtue which
would qualify him to wear the real mitre. Among
the jewels we find, in
1421. Crux deaurata de cupro [copper) cum baculo
pro episcopo puerorum.
1462. Dat' Epo. Nicholatensi [the boy-bishop] visi-
tanti Dominum custodem in hospitio suo de nocte Sti
Nicholai iiijd. [This is a gaudy day by the founder's
statutes.]

206
[1481.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
1415. In dat. diversis hominibus de Ropley venienti-
bus ad coll. die Sanct. Innoc. et tripudiantibus et can-
tantibus in aulâ coram Epo scholarium, xxd.
Many a peal of merry laughter has rung along
these dark-raftered roofs: many a Christmas wait,
gambol, and mummery, many a jester and player
have enlivened the hours on winter evenings, and the
monotony of the scholar's life. Indeed, we find an
entry showing that the Wombwells of the day visited
the quiet college.

1400. In dono lusoribus civitatis Wynton venient. ad
collegium cum suo tripudio ex curialitate, xijd.
1412. In dat. Ricº. Kent bochier [butcher] tempore
regni sui vocat. Somerkyng [mock-king, elected by the
college servants], xiid.
1422. Dat' histrioni dni epi Wynton et joculatori
ejusdem 5ti die Januarii, cuilibet, xxd.
1425. Dat. Gloucester joculatori ludenti coram cus-
tode et sociis penultimo die Julii, ob reverentiam ducis
Exon, xijd.
1426. Dat. ministrellis d. epi Wynton tempore Nat.
Dni. ex curialitate et honestate, ijs. viijd.
Dat. ij ministrallis comitissæ de Westmorland venient
ad coll. xxd.
1433. In dat. mimis dni cardinalis venient ad col-
legium erga festum natale Dni, iiijs.
1464. Et in dat. ministrallis comitis Kancie venient.
ad coll. in mense Julii, iiijs. iiijd.
1467. Et in datis iiijor mimis dom. de Arundell ve-
nient. ad coll. xiij die Febr. ex curialitate dom. custo-
dis, ijs.
1471. In dať uni famulo dni regis Angliæ venienti
ad collegium cum Leone mense Januarii, xxd.
1481. Et in sol. ministrallis dom. regis venientibus
ad collegium xv die Aprilis, cum xijd solut. ministrallis

1620.]
207
AND COMMONERS.

dom. episcopi Wynton venientibus ad collegium 1º. die
Junii, iiijs. iiijd.
Et in dat. ministrallis dom. Arundell ven. ad coll.
cum viijd. dat. ministrallis dom. de la Warr, ijs. iiijd.
1483. Sol. ministrallis dom. regis, ven. ad coll.
iijs. iiijd.
1484. Et in dat. uni ministrallo dom. principis et in
aliis ministrallis ducis Glocestrie v. die Julii, xxd.
1536. In dat. ministrallis dni regis venientibus ad coll.
xiij die April pro regardo, ijs.
1570. In regardis dat’ tibicinis domine regine cum
vino, vijs. iiijd.
In regardis dat. lusoribus domine regine, vjs. viijd.
On one occasion we find the scholars going in a
cart to the New Forest, to hear the bugles blowing
the mort-note at the taking of the stag; and we may
well imagine the happy boys gathered in groups be-
neath the trees, talking with the royal huntsmen of
the news from the great city and the mysteries of
the chase, or whooping along the knolls, or plunging
through heath and fern in their desire to see the
exciting greenwood sport. Then came the picnic in
the shady dell, and the supper in the hall spread for
the returning merrymakers.
1620. Willes et ijbus famulis eunt cum plaustro ad
forestam pro scholaribus die venationis vs.; pro plaustro
conducto iiijs.; pro vino in forestâ die venationis iijs.viijd.;
pro cæcubo, post redditum ad cænam, xiid.
In this hall have been entertained kings, prelates,
and nobles: the following extracts refer to some of
these visits.
1410. Equitanti Glocestriam pro lampredis providen-
dis et ij gross salmon, sals, et in perches et tenche emptis
Oxon, et diversis piscibus emptis London. Sturgion, i par


208
[1631.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
de porpays, i cauda de turbut, crabbes ad Sarum, erga
adventum dui epī, iiijli. vs. ijd.
1417. In dat satrapis de civitate Winton' [the lord
high steward and members of Parliament] venient ad
collegium die circumcisionis, iijs. iiijd.
1462. In exennio dat epo Wynton, viz., vj capon.
et i perdice, iijs. iiijd.
1477. In sol' pro ij quarteriis simulaginis (simnels, a
rich kind of sweet cake), xii gallinis et xii cuniculis
[rabbits) in exennio [a gift] dato dni epo de Rochester,
xxs. vid.
1479. Pro facturâ xiiijlb. cere fact' in cereos pro aulâ,
cum rosis pro eisdem, xiiijd.
1626. Pro vino pro legato regis Bohemiæ [Mathias),
ijs. viijd.
1631. In adventum magni Thesaurarii Angliæ ejus-
que comitatûs ad collegium expens. in a gallon of brewed
white wine, 0. 5. 6; a pottle of white wine and sugar,
0. 2. 4; cakes, 0. 9. 10.
The lord-treasurers were stewards of Winton, from
the time of Lord Burleigh nearly to the close of King
Charles I's reign.
The winding stair, or newel, leads to the cellar,
with its vaulted roof and groining, which springs
from the single pillar in the centre; and to the fine
old audit-room, with its roof of timber; its pavement of
Flemish tiles; its walls hung with arras-tapestry, part
of which was, probably, once in the chapel, and repre-
sents the story of David and Nabal, of the time of Henry
V or VI; another piece bears shields, blazoned with
three crowns, or, upon a field, azure : the Holy Lamb,
and sacred monogram, entwined with white and red
roses blooming on the same stalk, of the date of the
Tudors. Its furniture is composed of some high-
backed chairs, a curious locker, some coats of mail,


1631.]
209
AND COMMONERS.

а
the founder's iron-bound treasure-chest, secured by
three locks; some benches; a massive oak-table; and
“ functior” for lights at night-time, hardly neces-
sary, when the wood-fire shot up brilliantly between
the andirons glittering in the genial blaze.
The small library is lighted by three narrow win-
dows; its size is suggestive of the amount of literature
possessed by an age, rude in letters by compulsion :
the bolt and door are fair specimens of its architec-
tural and constructive taste.
At the entrance of the kitchen, is the famous wall-
picture of the “ Trusty Servant”; an allegorical figure,

VANNES MANTAN

clad in cleanly livery of blue and red; the pig's snout
shows that he is not dainty in his food; the closed
padlock, that he betrays no secret; the ass's ears, his
patience; his hart's feet, his speed as a messenger;
his open right hand, fidelity ; his left, laden with
shovel, broom, currycomb, and fork, his readiness to
P
210
[1621.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE

be;
labour; his sword and shield, his willingness and
ability to defend his master or himself.
At the side are these lines :-
Effigiem servi si vis spectare probati,
Quisquis es, hæc oculos pascat imago tuos :
Porcinum os quocunque cibo jejunia sedat ;
Hæc sera, consilium ne fluat, arcta premit.
Dat patientem asinus dominis jurgantibus aurem ;
Cervus habet celeres ire, redire pedes.
Læva docet multum, tot rebus onusta, laborem ;
Vestis munditiem, dextera aperta fidem.
Accinctus gladio, clypeo munitus ; et indè
Vel se, vel dominum, quo tueatur, habet.
“A trusty servant's portrait would you see,
This figure well survey, whoe'er you
The porker's snout not nice in diet shows;
The padlock shut, no secret he'll disclose.
Patient, to angry lords the ass gives ear;
Swiftness on errand the stag's feet declare ;
Laden his left hand apt to labour saith ;
The coat his neatness; the open hand his faith :
Girt with his sword, his shield upon his arm,
Himself and master he'll protect from harm."
The chapel, when first built, and previous to the
Reformation, was adorned with lavish magnificence. .
At the west-side of the rood-screen were erected two
altars, the dedications of which are now unknown;
probably they were those of the Salutation of St. Mary
and the blessed sacrament. The organ stood in this
loft, in the middle of the choir. The pavement was
covered with rich floor-cloth; and the stalls were
battlemented, and crested with tabernacle work. Cur-
tains of red velvet were hung on either side of the
high altar, behind which was a superb reredos of
free-stone remains of which may be seen above the
wainscot. The following entries tell their own tale.


1621.]
211
AND COMMONERS.

Deed of delivery of certain Vestments from the
Founder for the Chapel.
de panno aureo de cipro (copper-co-
loured) albo et rubro, operato cum clavis
i Casula
aureis et operatis cum orfreys [the em-
xvi Capæ
broidered edging and border of the
II Amicellæ
robe] de panno aureo, cypro, blodio
(crimson) et viridi.
II Albe [white under - tunics] cum aliis amictibus
[amices, the linen band for the neck] cum paruris [“ ap-
parels” or orfreys].
11 Stolæ, III manipuli [the cloth attached to the priest's
left hand] cum il cingulis.
i Corporale [a cloth to cover the Host].
i Casula [the chasuble or vestment, which covered the
whole person, except where it was lifted up by the arms]
III tuniculæ, cum stolâ manipulatâ, et paruris de panno
serico, albo, ornato cum orfreys de panno aureo imperiali,
cum crucifixo.
III Albæ, et 111 amictus, cum III cingulis.
x Moses (parti - coloured vestments] de viridi cum
literis aureis de griseo (grey) infra quendam circulum.
III Capæ [copes or ecclesiastical cloaks), III casulæ,
11 tuniculæ, ili stolæ, v manipuli, v altar-cloths, 111 fron-
cellæ (upper cloths hanging in front of the Lord's table),
de panno serico, blodio, cum stellis viridibus et cres-
santis albis.
v Albæ, cum v amictibus de panno lineo.
III Paria ridellorum [curtains) de tartrom.
XXi1 Ulnæ panni linei pro vi tualles altarii indè fa-
ciendis.
xi Ulnæ canvas pro altare inferiùs cooperiendo.
III. Ulnæ panni rubri, aurei, pro summo altare et
sepulchro [the Easter sepulchre, wherein the crucifix
was laid in holy week from Good Friday night until
Easter morning] operati cum caudis pavonum, et ani-
malibus feris intermixtis de auro.


P2
212
[1621.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
The weight of the jewels' given by the founder
amounted to, in silver, “ M.M.M.DCCC. XXIIII. XII. unc”;
in gold, “XXIIII. XI. unc. III gran. et dimid.”
In a computus-roll of the founder are these entries :
In ijbus candelabris de lathon stantibus super leones
pro capellâ dci collegii, viijli.
In ijbus candelabris parvis de lathon emptis pro pro-
cessionibus ejusdem capellæ, vs.
In ij candelabris de lathon cum ij bus nasis emptis pro
altâ tabulâ ejusdem collegii, precium pecii,xd.--vs.
In xxiiij candelabris de lathon cum jº naso emptis
pro altis tabulis ejusdem collegii precium pecii
vijd.-viiijs.
In iiij sellariis de lathon emptis pro dõâ altâ tabulâ
precium pecii xd.-iijs. iiijd.
In iiij pelvibus et iiij lavatoriis de lathon emptis
pro
eodem collegio, precium copulæ vs.--xxs.
In iiij tintinnabulis æneis emptis pro dictâ capellâ
precium pecii vjd.—XXS.
In vij patellis de cupro ponderantibus per xxxii v
cj quart' vli. precium libri, vid.job. pro dicto col-
legio, iiijli. xs. vijd. j ob.
In j holi water stopp cum aspersoriis ponderantibus
viij libras et dimid' empto, vs. viijd.
In expensis ij Char. de Esher usque Oxon et de
ibidem usque Clere et Wynton carriantium vitrum pro
fenestris collegii dni Winton per viiij dies cum xij equis
et cum vj hominibus charriantibus, xviiijs. vid.
Et deja campanâ, jº pari coffrorum,jº malleolo, xij cro-
chets, ijbus clothe sacks, vi tapetes, iiij bankers (draperies],
ja campanâ argenteâ, ijbus novis coffris, xxiiij®. superpel-
liceis, precium, xviiijli. xiijs. xiijd. job.
In jº case empto pro cathedrâ dñi unâ cum repara-
tione sertorum clothe sacks et alterius hamesiæ capellæ
per Will. Echyngswell, xiijs. iiijd.

Collegium B. M. V. Winton.
.
1 There is a ring quite plain, set with a green stone, which probably
belonged to the founder, in the muniment-room.
1621.]
213
AND COMMONERS.

In jo gradale capellæ cooperiendo et j. portiforio
emendando, viijd.
In jº libris frankincense emptis per Bush., ijs. iiijd.
In soluto Johannæ Shepster pro factura superpelli-
ceūm de veteribus supercelliceis, vs. iiijd.
In jº novo burdon empto pro portiforio dni, vjd.
In jº plate argenti empti pro crysmatorio dñi emen-
dando ijº die Augusti per Joh. Bush., ijd.
In ja serrura empta pro jº coffro capellæ dñi et jº dext.
pro ijº altaria capellæ dni, viijd.
In jº ligula (ring for keys) empta pro clavibus capellæ
in eadem pendendis, viijd.—xxli. xvijs. iiijd. j ob.
The following notes are made from the inventories:
II Candelabra mediocria de laton [a mixed metal of
copper and brass, much used for mediæval church-
plate) stantia ex utrâque parte summi altaris coram
imaginibus B. Mariæ.
i Canopeum de rubro tartaryn [linsey-wolsey, striped
and barred : in French, tiretaine, cloth of Tyre, so
called from its usual scarlet tint] pulverisato cum stellis,
cum auro,
ad descendendum super corpus Dominicum in
Ramis Palmarum, et festo Corporis Christi.
i Crux de cupro deaurato, cum baculo pro episcopo
in die Innocentium.
Item, i par organorum empt Londini
ex dono
pret. cs.
Johs. Boner.
Item, aliud par organorum
i Vestimentum de panno aureo rubro undato cum
damis [does] aureis jacentibus, habens xvi capas cum
aurifrigio de cannabi blodeo apparatu cum viridibus
ramis et foliis, cum magno flore mixto, de albo, viridi,
et auro ; cum damis aureis imparcatis, et leonibus gra-
dientibus, et volucribus aureis.
i Vestimentum de panno aureo albo, de damaske,
cum aurifrigio de rubro velvet, operato in dorso casulæ
cum imagine Stæ Mariæ, Sci Jacobi, S. Bartholomæi ; et
stellis et coronis aureis, pulverisatis, et in cannabi operato
cum rosis aureis.



214
[1572
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Vestimentum de blodio, bawdekyn [a very rich silk
woven with gold, made at Baldeck or Babylon) operatum
cum fasianis (pheasants) et cycnis dupplicibus aureis, et
ramis viridibus et rosis rubris et albis, cum aurifrigio
operato cum dupplicibus imaginibus tabernaculatis, ha-
bens casulam, ij tuniclas, iij albas, iij amictus, ij stolas,
iij maniplos.
1433. Pro xij rondeletť (round floor-cloth] ponendis
sub pedibus rectorum in choro (precentors], xviijd.
1469. Pro reparatione de la batylment super stallos
in choro, vjd.
1477. Pro reparatione organorum in pulpito, iijs. iijd.
1471. Sol' pro labore xvi septiman' circa novum bap-
tisterium, lis.
Pro patibulo [crucifix] stanti in summitate ejusdem
baptisterii, vs.
Pro ij bigat straminis empt pro lectis
puerorum,
iijs. iiijd.
Pro scriptura iij tabularum stantium super altaria in
capellâ cum nominibus et cognominibus benefactorum
tàm vivorum tàm mortuorum collegii, unà cum viiijd.
solut' pro lynyng eorundem, et vjd. solut’ pro i pelle et
dim' de veleme empt pro eisdem, ijs. ijd.
1474, Pro i lathomo [stonemason) per vi septimanas
circa novam constructionem gradûs ascensionis ad pul-
pitum (rood-loft].
1550. Two umbrellas of red velvet, with golden sum-
mits for the high altar, and a vestment of the same, 8:0:0
1551. iiijor laborantibus per iij dies circa altaria de-
molienda, ijs.
1570. Pro compositione novorum organorum in me-
dio chori, vili. xiijs. iiijd.
Janitori pro compositione cathedre pro organista in
choro, xviijd.
Pro vernisthynge eadem organa, xvijs.
Pro vj novis pulvillis [cushions), xviijs.
Pro reparandis pulvinaribus [cushions], viijd.
1572. Sol. Livinio pictori jungenti x præcepta, xs.


of to
DO
C. W. Radetylfe.
E. Radclyfte
INTERIOR OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE
CHAPEL

1692.]
215
AND COMMONERS.

Laboranti circa pulpitum et solarium [gallery] dicť
roodlofte.
1632. For 21b of tinne glass, used in constructing the
organ, 0:7:0.
1665. Pro instrumento musico vocať les harpsican in
usum capellæ, 4:9:6; pro portatione ejusdem à Lon-
dino, 0:10:0.
1681. The repairs of the chapel, and refitting and
price of organs [which were removed to their present
positions], were made at a cost of £1547:17:9.
1692. Pro sambucâ [sackbut] in usum choristarum,
2:10:0.
Ninety-three feet in length, thirty feet in breadth,
and fifty-seven feet in height within, the chapel is
approached through a low ambulatory under the re-
fectory, where, in former days, the scholars said their
private prayers before “second peal”, and serving as
a passage into the cloisters and cemetery, from which
in “going circum”I the society returned, probably,
through the door in the north alley, now closed, and
across the ante-chapel, through the door under Uve-
dale's arms. In it the citizens of Winchester were
permitted to attend the services of the chapel. Upon
our entrance, how solemn and imposing is the air of
grandeur which pervades this holy place! the exqui-
site tintings of the stained windows throw a rich and
mellow light over the marble floor and dark wainscot.
The vaulted roof is wrought in Irish oak, formed of
elliptical ribs, with curious fan tracery in wood, the
novel invention of Wykeham, and afterwards imi-
tated in stone by Nicholas de Cloos, in King's Col-
lege Chapel, at Cambridge.

a
1 The daily perambulation of the college by the society, now discon-
tinued.
216
[1665.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Choral service is sung in this chapel, twice on
Sundays and holy days, on the evenings of Saturdays
and vigils, and twice on the founder's commemora-
tions, which occur once in every quarter. The organ
was built by the elder Harris, and improved by
Green. Among the organists occur the names of
Thomas Weelkes, B. Mus., author of “ Madrigals”;
George King, who died May 10th, 1665; John
Reading, John Bishop, Kent, Fussell, G. W. Chard,
and Dr. Wesley. The eagle was the gift of the col-
lege prefects in 1841.
On Fridays, the Litany is said at eleven A.M. On
Wednesdays there is only “ fellows' chapel”.
On Sundays at ten, the school attends at the cathe-
dral to hear the Litany and a sermon, entering at the
south door, almost immediately over against Wyke-
ham's chantry, and occupying seats near the altar :
large chairs are provided for the prefects of hall and
school. On commemoration days the proper Psalms
are, CXLIV, CXLV, CXLVI; and the first lesson is that
noble chapter, Ecclesiasticus XLIV. The following
are the responses and the prayer :-
Priest. The just shall be had in everlasting remem-
brance.
Answer.–And they shall fear no evil report.
Priest.—The souls of the just are in the hand of God.
Answer.—And no torment [of malice,—New College
use] shall touch them.
“O, Eternal God, the life and the resurrection of all
them that believe in Thee, always to be praised, as well
for the dead as those that be alive; we give Thee most
hearty thanks for our founder, William of Wykeham,
and all other our benefactors, by whose benefits we are
here brought up to godliness and the studies of good

1560.]
217
AND COMMONERS.

learning ; beseeching Thee that we, well using all
these Thy blessings to the praise and honour of Thy
Holy Name, may at length be brought to the immortal
glory of the Resurrection, through Jesus Christ our
Lord. Amen.”
This form is prescribed in the Latin Prayer Book
of 1560. The hymn “Benedictus” is always sung
on these days.
The services formerly celebrated in the chapel are
thus described in the statutes :-
Rubric xxviiij. Every day matins, vespers, and
the hours, were to be sung by the fellows, conduct-
chaplains, and clerks, with chant and note, according
to the use of Sarum : “et inter quartam et quintam
pulsationem campanæ aut horologii pulsent ad ma-
tutinas."
While living on St. Giles' Hill, the society was
directed by the founder, on every Sunday and festival,
to attend the parish church of St. John-on-the-Hill,
at vespers, compline, mattins, the hours and masses
of the day, and bear their part in saying and singing
the Divine office. This church is described with his
usual accuracy, in a paper by Mr. J. H. Parker, F.S.A.,
in the volume of the Archæological Institute for 1845,
No. iv, p. 13.
In the choir, where all the members were bound
to attend, the warden wore a surplice and amice,
* de griseo”; the sub-warden, fellows, and chaplains,
surplices and amices, “pænulatas seu furratas'; the
other members, plain surplices. From Easter Eve
until All Saints' Day, the scholars and clerks were
not to wear their cowls (caputia) in the chapel. On

218
[1560.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE

every day, except Good Friday, seven masses were to
be sung, according to the use of Sarum. The first,
for the guidance of the bishop of the diocese, for the
good estate of the king, for the Catholic Church, for
the souls of the founder's parents, and all the faithful
departed: the second, for the souls of King Edward
III, Queen Philippa, Prince Edward, King Richard
II and Queen Anne, and the founder ; Ralph de Sut-
ton, knt., John de Seureys, knt., and Thomas de
Foxle; Andrew Gerveys, John Wodelock, and all
other benefactors of the college: the third mass was
that of the day. All these masses were sung with
note and chant at the high altar. The masses were
to be sung by the fellows in order, except when, on
great festivals, the warden was the officiating priest.
At the end of every quarter, one day of commemora-
tion of the founder was to be observed by the whole
society. (Rubric xxix.)
Reverence was strictly enjoined upon all the mem-
bers :-

Rubric, $ 30. “ Item cùm Domum Dei deceat sanc-
titudo, deceatque ut Cujus in pace factus est locus, sit
cum veneratione pacificus Ejus cultus, statuimus, ordi-
namus, et volumus quòd scholarium omnium, etc., in
prædictam capellam sit humilis, modestus, et devotus
ingressus pariter et egressus.”
The wainscot, set up at the costly sacrifice of stalls
and reredos, in the time of warden Nicholas, though
rich in itself, being of the Ionic order, is very incon-
gruous, and does not harmonize with the rest of the
chapel ; the pediment at the end is still more dis-
cordant, and plainly shews the wretched style into
1828.]
219
AND COMMONERS.

a
which ecclesiastical architecture had become merged
during his presidency. The organ should be removed to
the blank wall at the west end, once, probably, covered
with the representation of the doom; the ancient mi-
sereres, now in the ante-chapel, replaced in the choir,
which should be fitted up with open benches in the
style of the period of the building, giving increased
accommodation, and ample room, in case the number
of commoners should at any time be enlarged. The
unrivalled east window, forty feet in height and
twenty-four feet wide, exhibits a symmetry and beauty
which no words could describe. Between 1822
and August 1828, the glazing of the windows was
restored by Messrs. David Evans of Shrewsbury, and
Betton of London. In the east window, the prostrate
figure of Jesse forms the root of the genealogical
design; on the right is Richard II, addressing St.
John and the Lamb; on the left, the founder in
prayer to the Blessed Virgin.
The other figures
represent Edward III adoring the Holy Trinity; the
Salutation; William Wynford, the stone-mason; the
clerk of the works and treasurer of Wolvesey, Simon
Membury; and the carpenter—at their devotions ;
Samuel, Elijah, Elisha, Nathan, Isaiah, Jeremiah,
Ezekiel, Daniel, Amos, Malachi, David, Ammon,
Absalom, Solomon, Rehoboam, Asa, Joram, Jeho-
saphat, Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Josiah,
Zorobabel, Zachariah, St. Mary, St. Peter, St. John,
St. Paul, the Crucifixion, and the Resurrection, re-
stored by Mr. Cave.
The window has been described in a long poem,
called The Crucifixion, by Bishop Lowth : it was


3


220
[1729.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
written as a school imposition, and published without
his permission, in a Miscellany called The Union, in
the
year
1729:-
“Supine on earth an awful figure lies,
While softest slumbers seem to seal his eyes ;
The hoary sire heaven's guardian care demands,
And at his feet the watchful angel stands.
The form august and large, the mien divine,
Bespeak the founder of Messiah's line.
Lo ! from his loins the promised stem ascends,
And high to heaven its sacred boughs extends ;
Each limb productive of some hero springs,
And blooms luxuriant with a race of kings.
Th' eternal plant wide spreads its arms around,
And with the mighty BRANCH the mystic top is crowned.
Thy strokes, great artist, so sublime appear,
They check our pleasure with an awful fear ;
While through the mortal line the God you trace,
Author Himself, and Heir of Jesse's race ;
In raptures we admire thy bold design,
And as the subject, own the hand divine :
While through thy work the rising day shall stream,
So long shall last thy honour, praise, and name.
Yet shall the splendours of the enlivened glass
Sink undistinguished in the burning mass ;
But oh ! till earth, and seas, and heaven decay,
Ne'er may that fair creation fade away;
May winds and storms those beauteous colours spare,
Still may they bloom, as permanent as fair ;
All the vain rage of wasting time repel,
And His tribunal see, Whose cross they paint so well.”
The window in the north transept of Merton Col-
lege Chapel, in Oxford, is the counterpart of this.
May we attribute the superintendence of its erection
to the founder ? If not, it is undoubtedly a copy.
1729.]
AND COMMONERS.
221

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The sides of the Holy Table are decorated with two
silver candlesticks, double gilt, the gift of Mr. Chris-
topher Eyre, sometime second master. A beautiful
and expressive painting of the Annunciation, by Le
Moine, was set up by Dr. Burton. In the lights of
the windows upon the south side are represented
222
[1480.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE

Isaiah, David, Jeremiah, Daniel, Hosea, Amos, St.
Peter, St. Andrew, St. James the Great, St. John,
St. James the Less, St. Thomas, St. Martin, St. Ethel-
wold, St. Edward, St. Leonard, St. Oswald, St. Giles,
St. Stephen, St. Anne, and St. Mary Magdalene. In
the windows upon the north side are delineated Joel,
St. Mary, Haggai, St. Thomas, Zephaniah, St. Swithin,
Ezekiel, St. Dunstan, Zachariah, St. Birinus, Obadiah,
St. Christopher, St. Matthew, St. Edmund, St. Simon,
and St. Jude; St. George, St. Augustine, St. Wul-
stan, and St. Lawrence.
Mr. Cockerell has ably shown that the ambulatory,
opening into the choir by folding doors and two large
windows, forms a distinct part of the architectural
proportion of the chapel; and that the proportion of
three diameters in length is essential to the beauty
of the choir within the screen. The visitor is at once
aware now of the deficiency of due length and per-
spective caused by the fatal intrusion of the present
screen and tribunes. A parclose is also required to
shut off Thurburn's oratory: its history is peculiar
and interesting; it was likely to have been the cause
of ruin to the southern end of the chapel. This
warden in 1455 conveyed certain lands to the college,
on condition that masses should be said for his soul's
rest. With the oratory for this purpose, he proposed
to build a tower. They were begun in 1475, and
were completed in 1480, at a cost of £370:14: 11.
Upon the roof are carved the rebusses of benefactors:
the thurible for Thurburn; a capital C, with tapers
in saltire, for Chandler; and three sugar-loaves for
Hugh Sugar; a beacon and tun for Beckington:



1777.]
223
AND COMMONERS.
there are also the arms of Wykeham, Wainflete, and
Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. This little chapel had
two windows to the south, one near the belfry door,
and the other over the monument of Humphrey and
May: in the former was the beautiful glazing which
has been removed to the present library; and near
the latter, in the corner of the west wall, was a
doorway.
Wood has made notes of the arms blazoned in
these windows: the subjects which he mentions are
these:-“In one light was a bishop in his robes,
supported by two bishops, an archbishop with his
cross and mitred, with two chaplains praying. It
was Wykeham's consecration. In another light, St.
Mary, and a student at his devotions. In another,
St. Anne teaching St. Mary, with a woman address-
ing them. In the central light, a picture of God the
Father, with Our Saviour in His arms; under them
two men before a table. At their mouths two scrolls,
whereon is this legend: “Per mortem Nati Qui mun-
dum vivificasti'; on the other, “Simus salvati, peti-
mus, quos Tu Ipse creasti'.”
The altar cloth of Weeke Church was made out of
the vestments given by Thurburn.
At the period of the Reformation, when chantries
were abolished, by an excess of bad judgment the
northern wall was pierced into two arches divided
by a narrow shaft. Symptoms of danger were seen
a
before a century had passed :

1671. Sol' Mro. Byrd pro reparatione co-
lumnæ ad australem situm capellæ sub cam-
panile
xil.

224
[1777.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
In 1777, it was found necessary to employ Mr.
James Essex, F.S.A. (who died September 14th, 1784,
aged sixty-one), a well-known architect of Cambridge,
to erect a strong stone support to the tower on the
site of a buttress which had been removed. Who
can look but with regret upon the doomed tower,
one hundred feet in height, intrinsically beautiful,
yet so shattered that no one may venture to ring the
fine peal of bells that hang silent in its belfry? There
were five at the time of the Reformation. How had
architecture fallen in less than a hundred years, when
men failed to observe that the walls were built upon
piles, and the buttresses, unladen with pinnacles,
were broadly extended over an unstable soil ?
The present head-master gave the beautiful font to
this chapel, now used as a baptistery; and the south
window was filled with stained glass by the com-
moners and scholars, as a tribute of gratitude to the
Rev. Charles Wordsworth, sometime second master;
now warden of Trinity College, Glenalmond.
This well-earned memorial of affection was put up
in the year 1848, when the font and eagle were given
to the chapel. In the first light is St. Paulinus; and
beneath, the administration of Holy Baptism. In the
second light, St. Clement; and beneath, a bishop
catechising. In the third light, St. Peter; and be-
neath, a copy of part of Raphael's cartoon, the charge
of the adorable Saviour to that Apostle. In the fourth
light, St. Cyril ; and beneath, the ministration of Con-
firmation. In the fifth light, St. Augustine; and
beneath, the celebration of the Blessed Eucharist.
The legend is “Baptizatus catechesi, Pastor, Magister,
;
1852.]
AND COMMONERS.
225

per confirmationem ad S. Eucharistiam, et ad omnia
coelestia memores gratosque discipulos ducebat.”
Within less than a century from the time present,
a copy of the statutes was fixed, according to the
founder's order, in the ante-chapel, for the scholars
to read in and learn their duties. It was removed,
as has been stated at page 180, owing to the boys
writing in it. At Eton (rubric xlv), the statutes were
required to be left open, to be consulted, in the com-
mon library.
Many of the names of the Scholars, former occu-
pants, are carved on the walls of the several cham-
bers. Among them occur:-in First chamber, those
of John Phillips, the poet; William Pittis, the bio-
grapher of the eminent Dr. Radclyffe; Sir George
Beaumont, Bart., a Lord of the Admiralty ; Sir
Villiers Chernock, Bart. ; Philip Bisse, Bishop of
Hereford.
In Second chamber, the names of wardens Purnell,
Dobson, Bigg, etc.
In Fourth chamber, that of Major Moyle Sherer,
author of “ Maria of Meissen”, a “Life of the Duke
of Wellington”, etc.
In Sixth chamber, those of Christopher Pitt, the
poet; William Whitehead, poet-laureate; James
Hampton, the translator of Polybius; Lowth, Bishop
of London; Bishop Carew Reynell; Bishop Downes ;
Sir James Eyre, chief justice; Dr. Joseph Warton ;
Spence, the author ; Bishop Burgess ; Samuel Gaunt-
lett, warden of New College; and Lord Saye and Sele.
In Seventh chamber, those of Bishop Butson ;
Gloucester Ridley, the author ; Bishop Huntingford ;


Q

226
[1852
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Warden Golding; Archdeacon Heathcote ; Sir George
Rose, P.C., minister at Berlin; Sydney Smyth; Sir
George Beaumont; Dean Buckland; Bishop Shirley;
the poet Bowles; Bishop Lipscombe; Bishop Shut-
tleworth ; Dean Lear; and several distinguished prize-
men at Oxford.
Seventh chamber, with the adjoining passage, was
the ancient school wherein Waynflete taught, and was
called by the founder, “ Magna illa domus”: the stone
“ books” in the embayed windows still remain; it
could accommodate scarcely more than ninety boys.
MICRONESIA
TH
AMW
WI
DUO
P.H DELAMOTTE.
1.5. HEAUSIDE 36
In one corner of seventh chamber, on the western
wall, is a red right hand. The boyish tradition was,
that it was a memorial of times long gone by; when
two scholars, brothers, slept there, over whom a
savage prefect exercised a cruel severity, until one
night the elder brother, goaded to madness, deter-
mined upon the death of the oppressor, and, armed
with a dagger, struck it thrice, strong and fierce, into
the unconscious sleeper's breast; a cry was made,
1852.]
227
AND COMMONERS.

and as the faggot threw a lurid light upon the bed,
the agonized murderer beheld the livid features of
his own dead brother, who had been compelled to
change his sleeping place with his oppressor. So
ran the legend. The memorial was probably the
badge of some baronet, a former scholar: there it is
now, a blood-red hand.
Christopher Johnson thus describes the room, and
the routine of study, at the period of the Reforma-
tion:-
Quatuor iliceis fulcris schola nostra quiescit :
Lux tribus hanc lustrat bipatentibus alma fenestris,
In quibus octodecim Præfectis structa supernè,
Ut benè præsideant aliis, subsellia dantur.
Hæc Australis habet paries : Borealis apertam
Totius mundi tabulam ; qui tendit ad ortum
Ostendit, fieri quæ, Quintiliane, requiris ;
Murus ad occasum capit hoc insigne decorum,
“ Aut disce, aut discede, manet sors tertia cædi.”
Intueare, precor, paulò submissiùs ; ecce!
Erigiturl rostrum, quo declamare solemus.

Nec schola nostra focum complectitur, attamen omnes
Phoebeis radiis, halituque calescimus oris.
There were four classes,—the sixth, fifth, fourth,
and second -fourth. The course of studies is thus
given :-

Officium proprium sibi Lucifer omnis habebit,
Si lux solis adest, et templum concio sacrat,
Scribe notas, scriptasque tuo committe libello;
Te jubet Aonias revereri Luna sorores.
Si sis in sextâ vel quintâ classe locatus,
Bilbilitanus olor festiva epigrammata cantat;
Atque Robinsoni, si sis orator, in horto
Rhetorices varios fas est decerpere flores ;
1 Hence the modern phrase of “pulpiteers”.
Q 2

228
ST. MARYWINTON COLLEGE
Prædiaque exspectant Ciceronis Tuscula quintam.
Tullius officium quartæ præscripsit, et illam
Edocuit Naso doctis Annalibus annum.
Tristibus ast Elegis lugeret quarta-secunda,
Ni citò colloquium dederit dilectus Erasmus.
Mercurius libros quos luna requiret eosdem,
Et solet Æneæ profugi renovare dolores,
Atque alternatim tua, Marce, volumina volvit.
Tuesdays and Thursdays, if fine, were holidays;
the hour for coming “off hills” was, as at present,
“
nine o'clock. The warden called names “at gates”,
the prefects stood on his right hand, the inferiors and
juniors on his left side; and each answered in turn,
5 adsum”. After dinner in hall, they went again
56
“ on hills”, and returned at three. In winter-time
there was a fire allowed:
9
Carbones igitur, si missa pecunia, tradat
Aulæ Præfectus, ni sit carbone notandus.
In summer-time they went into meads. Friday
was the day for the infliction of flogging incurred
during the week :
Mæonius vates hodiè dabit omnia sexta ;
Audiet at lyricum modulantem quinta poetam ;
At Metamorphosi mutatur quarta novatâ,
Cultus et in scenam venit ipse Terentius,...
Et quintæ sermo vel epistola docta legetur,
Carmina nec Megarus recitabit docta Theognis.
On Saturday :
Verbula divini Græcè repetenda Novelli
Classibus a primis ; aliter discenda Latinè.
Musæus tandem Museum visere gaudet ;
Hesiodus sequitur, comitatus et ille Marone,
Qui sextæ quintæque solent benedicere classi ;
Tristibus exonerat Naso præcordia quartæ.
There were twelve prefects (as we say now in
1687.]
229
AND COMMONERS.

“ full power”), who had the sole privilege of fre-
quenting the cloisters: one was a prefect of cloisters,
who, with the prefect of school, performed the duties
of ostiarius, attending to all comers at the doors. In
election week the cloisters were closed. There were
two prefects of chapel.
The college prefects likewise act as tutors to the
juniors, according to the spirit of this rubric:
Consanguineis verò nostris, grammaticè intendentibus,
unum de scholaribus provectioribus et discretioribus, ad
iis superintendendum et instruendum eosdem in gram-
maticâ sub magistro informatore, per custodem et magis-
trum informatorem volumus assignari.—Rubr. ii.
It was not until 1687 that the present ample school
was finished; and yet a large number of commoners
partook of the instruction given to the scholars. The
statistics are curious:-

1678 ...
1810 ...
وو
A.D. 1668 ... 31
..47
1688 ... 69
1698 ... 40
1709. . . 51
1720... 22
1730...87
A.D. 1740 ... 36
1750 ... 10
1760...54
1769...85
. 29
1796 74
ور
A.D. 1804 ... 128
118
1820. 135
1830 134
1840 117
1850 85
وو
99
1780 ...
وو
The number of prefects has varied in proportion to
the numbers of the inferiors and juniors. The form
of admission is the same as in the case of the twelve
seniors in college: “Esto plenâ potestate præfectus”.
It was customary on their leaving, for the head-
master to present them with Bishop Lloyd's edition
of the Greek Testament, with a set form of com-
mendation prefixed.
In September 1683, the first stone of the present
school-room was laid ; the building was not completed


230
[1687.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
until June 11th, 1687, at a cost of £2599:18:9; of
which sum, the munificent warden Nicholas contri-
buted £1477: 11:9. Ninety feet in length, and
thirty-six feet in breadth, it is the most noble struc-
ture of the kind in the kingdom, and is a favourable
example of the prevalent style of architecture ; its
high pitched roof, broad projecting eaves, pedimented
central front, stone coigns, and ornamented windows,
giving it an appearance of substantial decoration,
which was designed to outlast the flimsy structures
of more recent times.
The principal benefactors between 1683 and 1687,
were
£80 0 0
20 0 0
100 0 0
50 0 0
.
.
Bishop George Morley, 101. and 40 oaks .
Bishop Francis Turner
William Pierpoint, Earl of Kingston
Charles Pawlett, Earl of Wilts
Wriothesley Baptist Noel, Viscount Camp-
den (only son of Lord Gainsborough)
Sir John Nicholas, K.B.
Dr. Beeston
Dr. Richard Traffles
W. Musgrave, Sec. R.S.
Rob. Woodward, Chancellor of Sarum
Sir Edward Law, knt.
Edward Masters, Chancellor of Exeter
Robert Sharrock, Canon of Winton
Stephen Penton, Principal of Hert Hall
Ambrose Phillips, sergeant at law
Dr. Bouchier, Reg. Prof. of Law .
John Franklyn, Master in Chancery
Dr. Harris
Seth Ward
Warden Nicholas .
50 0 0
3 4 6
50 0 0
50 0 0
2 3 0
20 0 0
20 0 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
5 og 6
20 0 0
5 by 6
10 15 0
100 0 0
20 0 0
1477 11 9
.
Summa totius operis
2599 18 9
1687.]
231
AND COMMONERS.

Over the entrance-doorway, facing north, is a fine
bronze statue of the founder, which has, by a miser-
able taste, been gilded and painted. It bears this
inscription :—“M. S. Gulielmi de Wickham, Episcopi
Wintoniensis, Collegii hujus Fundatoris, statuam
hanc è metallo conflandam, atque hèic sumptu suo
ponendam, curavit, ex conjuge affinis suâ, Caius
Gabriel Cibberus, statuarius regius, M.DC.LXXXII.
Caius Gabriel, a native of Holstein, came over to
England during the usurpation, and was the sculptor
of the figures of Raging and Melancholy Madness,
over the gates of old Bethlehem Hospital, and the
bassi-relievi on the pedestal of the “Monument” of
London. In the latter part of his life he decorated
and improved Chatsworth, the seat of the Dukes of
Devonshire.
“About 1687, I (says Colley Cibber, in the Apology
for his Life), was taken from school to stand at the
election of children into Winchester College. My
being, by my mother's side, a descendant of William
of Wickham the founder, my father (Caius Gabriel
Cibber), who knew little how the world was to be
dealt with, imagined my having that advantage would
be security enough for my success, and so sent me
simply down thither without the least favourable
recommendation or interest, but that of my naked
merit, and a pompous pedigree in my pocket. Had
he tacked a direction to my back, and sent me by the
carrier to the mayor of the town, to be chosen mem-
ber of parliament there, I might have had just as
much chance to have succeeded in the one as in the
other. But I must not omit in this place to let you

a


232
[1687.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
know, that the experience which my father then
bought at my cost, taught him some years after to
take a more judicious care of my younger brother,
Lewis Cibber, whom, with a present of a statue of
the founder of his own making, he recommended to
the same college. The statue now stands, I think,
over the school door there, and was so well executed,
that it seemed to speak for its kinsman. It was no
sooner set up than the door of preferment was opened
to him.”
Upon the cornice are shields blazoned with the
bearings of the chief contributors to the funds for its
election. Over the fire-place is the coat of Charles
Paulet, Lord Wilts; over the second-master's seat, that
of W. B. Noel, Viscount Campeden ; over the head-
master's chair, that of Pierpoint, Earl of Kingston;
over “ Aut disce”, etc., the arms of warden Nicholas,
and Dr. Harris; over the N.W. master's chair, those
of Bishop Morley; over the N.E. master's seat, those
of Bishop Turner; over the entrance-door, those of
Bishop Ken; and over “ Tabula Legum”, etc., those
of warden Beeston.
Wainscotting covers the walls as high as the sill of
the deeply embayed windows. Fronting the entrance
is a tall wooden book-case, once filled ; to the right
is a tier of seats, occupied at commoners' speaking by
the warden, sub-warden, and head-master, ordinarily
by the latter, flanked by two Wykehamical rods; on
the left is the chair of the second-master; on the
north side of the school, facing these seats, are the
chairs of the lower masters. Against the east and
west walls are built up three tiers of fixed seats,
3
a
1683.]
AND COMMONERS.
233
gradually rising one above the other, and extending
along the whole breadth of the room; upon these the
forms sit when “up at books”. Along the room are
set four parallel ranges of oak benches, intersected
north and south by a central passage: upon them
are placed the boxes or scobs (box spelt backwards),
twenty-five inches long, twelve inches deep, and
eighteen inches in width; the upper lid being raised
as a shelter ; a second cover serves the purpose of a
desk; below it are kept books and implements for
writing


ពី
C.W.RADGY EFE

On whole school-days, morning school lasts from 7
till 8 A.M.; middle school from 9 until noon; evening
school begins at 2, and ends at 6.
Pepys visited school on August 1st, 1683; he
mentions only his dinner on the occasion. The gos-
siping sensual diarist was a poor creature.
234
(1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
a
T. Morell, an old Etonian, one day entered school
while the boys were at their tasks; as he moved
away, after a long chat, one of the juniors whispered
to another, “ What a fine old Grecian!” The doctor
briskly confronted him, adding, “ I am a Grecian, my
little friend! did you never see my head before my
Thesaurus ?" Two prefects overheard the observa-
tion, and guessing the name of their visitor, conducted
him over college with marked courtesy.
On the west wall, upon a large tablet, are painted
a mitre and crozier, according to Johnson's interpre-

AUT DISCE
AUT DISCEDE
MANET SORSTERTTA
-- CADI.
tation, the rewards of clerical learning; a pen and
inkhorn, and a sword, the ensigns of the civil and
1852.]
235
AND COMMONERS.

military professions—or the one to sign, the other to
enforce expulsion; and a Winton rod, long and
ample, the dullard's quickener. Beneath each sym-
bol is its apt legend: “ Aut disce, Aut discede, Manet
sors tertia, cædi.” Underneath is the flogging-place.
On the east wall is a corresponding tablet, -- a
revised copy set up by Bishop Huntingford.
-
TABULA LEGUM PÆDAGOGICARUM.
-
-
In templo.-Deus colitor. Preces cum pio [devoto in the
ancient and original version) animi affectu peraguntor.
Oculi ne vagantor. Silentium esto. Nihil profanum
legitor.
In scholâ.—Diligentiâ quisque utitor. Submissè loquitor
secum. Clarè ad præceptorem. Nemini molestus esto.
Orthographicè scribito. Arma scholastica in promptu
sem per
habeto.
In aulâ.—Qui mensas [mensam orig.] consecrat clarè pro-
nunciato. Cæteri respondento. Recti interim [in the
original draught omitted] omnes stanto. Recitationes
intelligenter et aptè distinguuntor. Ad mensas [quies
esto orig.] sedentibus omnia decora sunto.
In atrio.—Ne quis fenestras saxis pilisve petito. Ædifi-
cium neve inscribendo neve insculpendo deformato.
Neve operto capite neve sine socio coram magistro in-
cedito [omitted in the original].
In cubiculis.-Munda omnia sunto. Vespere studetor. Noctu
quies esto [omitted in original; instead of these injunc-
tions occurs this law : Noctu dormitor. Interdiù
studetor. Solum cubiculorum verritor. Sternuntor
lectuli. Per fenestras nemo in atrium prospicito. Con-
trà qui faxit, piaculum esto].
In oppido, ad montem.—Sociati omnes incedunto. Modes-
tiam præ se ferunto. Magistris ac obviis honestiori-
ribus [genua flectuntor, in original] capita aperiuntor,
Vultus, gestus, incessus componuntor. Intra terminos
apud montem præscriptos quisque se contineto [omitted
in original].

-

236
[1852
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
In omni loco et tempore.—Qui plebeius est, præfectis ob-
temperato. Qui præfectus est legitimè imperato. Is
ordo vitio careto: cæteris specimen esto [omitted in
original]. Uterque à pravis omnibus verbisque factisque
[mendaciis, ostentationibus, jurgiis, pugnis, et furtis,
in orig.] abstineto. [Togam cæterasque vestes, nec
dissuito, nec lacerato. Patrium sermonem fugito,
latinum exerceto, in orig.] Hæc aut his similia qui
contrà faxit Comitted in original], si quandò deferan-
tur, judicia damus. Feriis exactis nemo domi impunè
moratur. Extra collegium absque veniâ exeuntes tertiâ
vice expellimus [omitted in original].
That fine old school-room, how vividly is it before
us! the hurrying junior clearing away the “impedi-
menta” of his master's hasty toilette : sly warmings
of chilly hands at the stove, stealthily obtained behind
the privileged crowd of magnates : lazy dullards, pre-
eminent in field or meads, tardily importuning some
fagging classicus to inform them of the day's lesson
or task: bewildered rod-makers in an agony watching
some stout junior fencing with the twigs, lest some
desperate longe should destroy their labours : quip,
and jest, and joke abound, leaping over forms, chasings
down school, the industrious crouching in some less
open corner, conning the well-read book, until the
watcher comes running with his “ hiss”, and pro-
claims the approaching master ;—then a rush, running
and stamping of feet, before bible-clerk and ostiarius
plying their wands of office—a hush, and all is order
before the cap and gown enter at the door. Once
more we see Old Commoners' table, that noisy resort
of overgrown juniors and fags on malicious errands;
the scobs, that common ground of scholar and com-
moner, where many a life-long friendship has begun;
1852.]
237
AND COMMONERS.

the type of unselfish hospitality: and the “ tacenda
quidem”, the loud summons of bible-clerk and ostia-
rius to adduce the criminal ; topings, but not at the
streams of Helicon: little feastings, not of the Bar-
mecide: merriment, attracting the shrewd looks of
the ostiarius, or the ominous rebuke of his coadjutor.
We see it, with the bright happy sunshine streaming
in through the southern windows, so reproachfully
and temptingly, that at last the door opens very softly
under some bold hand, and the truant pitches his
wicket, or, more venturesome far, plies the hand-bat
until the tell-tale ball provokingly touches the grating
of the window behind the master's seat, and betrays
him. There it is, with its dark wainscot, carved and
scarred with names: the fatal“ nail”,' worse than pil-
lory; its curtains varying with the taste of every year,
green or blue or red: now with the long line of “pul-
piteers”: or “cloisters” panting in the sultry afternoons
of summer, longing listlessly for the welcome interval
of “ beavers” to have a stroll down College-street, or
beneath the shade towards Black-bridge: or better
still, for the remedy, or holiday and leave-out, an-
nounced by the gold ring with its apt motto “ com-
mendat rarior usus”, in place of the former,“ poten-
tiam gero feroque”, given into the custody of the pre-
fect of hall. We see it now dimly lighted with the
sconces, half in dusky shadows, the busy hum of
earlier day sobered into whispers, resigned to the
studies of seniors only, until the clock has chimed
1
i The middle sconce for candles in the west wall, under which grave
offenders are placed.
2 A quasi-holiday, with a short attendance in school,
238
(1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
three quarters, and down the central alley on either
side are ranged the lines of prefects and inferiors;
the head-master stands, cap and keys in hand, and
with prayer dismissed, the day of toil over, behind
around him, swoops the tumultuous rout of hungry
boys, scenting afar off the viands of the pleasant hour
of six,' in the interval before the evening hills of sum-
mer, or the winter toy-time.
On the west side of the school-court are the lava-
tory, the college-prefects' library, the fourth book,
and mathematical schools.

Annual Prizes open to the School.
Two gold medals for Latin or English prose or verse
alternately.
Two silver medals for a Latin or English speech.
[These are the gift of the sovereign.]
1 The words “sines”, the boy's allowance of bread for breakfast and
supper, and“ dispar”, his portion of meat at dinner, may be traced to
the end of the last century, when it was the custom (there being neither
“batch” nor “roll-call”) for the provision for breakfast to be laid out on
the hall-table, and the stronger took the lion's share, and left the weaker
“sines”; and so again at dinner, the double plate fell to the former, and
the “unequal” moiety to the junior.
2 By the kindness of Edward Hawkins, Esq., keeper of medals in the
British Museum, I am enabled to subjoin a description of these gifts
previous to the present reign :-
1. Bronze. Wilhelmus de Wykeham, profile. (Yeo fecit.) Reverse,
“Principi Juventutis". Minerva presenting a palm branch to a student.
2. (1789, presented to John Glead.)
“Studiis feliciter coeptis”.
“ Manners makyth man”.
On the reverse, “William of Wykeham”. (Yeo fecit.) With a profile
and crozier.
3. Wilhelmus de Wykeham, profile. (I. Milton fecit.) Reverse,
Prince's plume, with two branches of palm beneath. Motto, “Hono-
rem Princeps proponit”.
4. Wilhelmus de Wykeham, profile. (Scipio Clint.) Reverse, G.IV R,
with the crown above. Same motto.
1852.]
239
AND COMMONERS.

a
Books marked with the college arms; given succes-
sively by Lord Rivers, the Earl of Aylesbury and the
Duke of Buckingham ; offered for competition to every
division, by Lord Saye and Sele.
A book, for a translation of English poetry into Greek
iambics, the gift of Dr. Maltby, Bishop of Durham.
A prize for mathematics, the gift of P. B. Duncan,
Esq., M.A.
A prize of thirty guineas, to be awarded in books,
given by Sir William Heathcote in 1832 ; since 1846
has been suspended.
Scholarships and Exhibitions.
The Goddard and Pitt Scholarship, founded 1846, in
grateful remembrance of the services of Dr. Goddard,
aided by contributions from the Pitt fund.
Winton College exhibitions, each of the value of 501.,
tenable for four years, to be given to superannuate
scholars.
Fox and Burton exhibitions, each of the value of 301.
a
a-year, tenable for four years.
Sir Villiers Chernocke's exhibitions, of 251. a-year,
tenable for four years.
.
Archdeacon Cobden's exhibition at Trinity College,
Oxford, of 501. a-year, is included in the Winton Col-
lege exhibitions.

The school-time is divided into a common time”,
5. Profile with William IV R, underneath. Same motto round the
head. (Clint.) Reverse, the tomb, “Etiam sepulti vivit fama Wyke-
hami.” Exurg., “ Obit. xxvii Sept. A.D. 1404.”
In the additional MS. 8156, is a drawing of a large badge, with the
profile of Wykeham ; the motto, “Fama perennis. erit”, and the date,
“1324”.
The present medal bears the profile of Her most gracious Majesty :
on the reverse is Wykeham’s tomb, with the exurg. “Etiam sepulti
fama vivit Wiccami”; on the rim is the name of the medallist, with the
date.
240
[1446.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
و
the short-half year, and the part of the long-half pre-
vious to Easter; “ Easter time”, the portion of the
long half extending from Easter Day until Whit-
Sunday, distinguished by the composition of lyrics,
“ the commoner speaking” the speeches of the school,
and of the select speakers; and the competition for
the medals and prizes ; and “ cloister time,” the re-
maining portion of the long half, so called from the
old custom of assembling in cloisters. During it, the
• toy-time”, or period from seven until the prayers at
half-past eight, occupied in learning lessons for the
morrow, spent at the " toys” or bureaux, is abridged,
owing to the boys going to evening hills. At toy-
time also an epigram of four lines, called a vulgus,
is composed by the boys in the lower school, the
seniors composing a “ varying” while up at books in
cloister time. During that period also the prefects
and senior part of the fifth assemble at books in
pulpiteers” together. Cloisters" is the term for the
general assembly of the middle and junior parts of
the fifth class.
John Fromond, of Sparsholt, steward of the founder,
bequeathed money to erect a chantry in the midst
of the cloister-garth : it is called, June 20th, 1446,

66

9
1 In the last weeks of the “long half”, the boys below senior part of
the fifth are employed in saying, “standing up”, long repetitions learned
previously, in addition to their routine work; the amount may be ex-
tended to any length at individual pleasure ; success in this exercise is
estimated highly. “Gatherings”, that is, criticisms upon the Greek
plays, are also demanded weekly, during a part of the year, from the
upper parts of the school.
2 Leave-out in summer, from half-past six to eight, within bounds
under St. Catherine's Hill, whither the school proceeds and returns in
procession, under the charge of the prefect of hall.
1433.]
AND COMMONERS.
241

“capella infra claustrum capellæ”. William Clyffe, the
first chaplain, was buried in the South Alley, in May
1433. At the period of the Reformation the chantry,
with its daily mass for the dead, was suppressed. It is
thirty-six feet in length and eighteen feet in breadth.
ing
A modern floor detracts from the effect of its ancient
proportions, being raised several feet above the origi-
nal pavement. The roof is richly groined, and springs
from responds; upon the bosses are carved shields,
charged with the arms of Henry VI and John of
Gaunt, the Cardinals Beaufort and Stratford, and
Bishop Beckington.
The bearings of Fromond, azure, a chevron, or,

242
[1420.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
between three fleurs-de-lys, argent, appear on the
mouldings of the entrance doorway. A portion of the
beautiful reredos and the benatura at the entrance still
remain. The five windows which light the chantry
were once filled with storied panes; the stained glass
in the east window was brought hither from Thur-
burn's oratory. By will, A.D. 1420, John Fromond
bequeathed ten marks, to be paid yearly out of his
manor of Allington, to maintain for ever a daily mass
for the repose of his soul, the soul of his wife, and for
the faithful departed: the chaplain was likewise to
bear his part in the stated service of the chapel. The
small apartment overhead is ceiled with oak, the
rafters resting on corbels, carved into the likeness of
angels. It was, probably, the vestry of the chantry,

1 By 27 Hen. VIII, c. xlii, § 1, the two St. Mary Winton Colleges, as well
as the sister colleges of Eton and King's, and the colleges of Oxford, and
Cambridge, were exempted from paying first fruits or tithes. (Statutes,
vol. iv, P. I, p. 599; Lond. 1817.) By sect. 5, the warden of Winchester
and the provost of Eton were to be specially sworn at their institution
“ in their collegiate church yearly to keep two masses, to be there
solemnly sung,—whereof one shall be of the Holy Trinity, the eighth
day of May; and the other of the Holy Ghost, the eighth day of October
then next ensuing,”—for the preservation of the king, Queen Anne, and
the Princess Elizabeth ; and after the king's death, yearly two anniver-
saries on the same days, viz., “a dirge over night, and requiem in the
next morrow, in as devout form and manner", as the obit of his father
Henry VII was kept, by whom a special proviso was made in favour
of the two St. Mary Winton colleges, in respect of tithes and subsidies,
anno 4 Hen. VII, c. 6, whereby “letters patent made to abbots, priors,
and others, for gathering and paying dismes or subsidies”, were annulled.
-Statutes of the Realm, vol. ii, p. 532; Lond. 1816.
2 It is composed of fragments skilfully put together : a portrait of the
founder, the angel Gabriel, St. Katharine, St. Apollonia, St. Denys, St.
Margaret, St. Ursula, St. Agnes, St. Elizabeth, St. Barbara, St. Cecilia,
St. Mary Magdalene, St. Helena, St. Anne, the Madonna, and the Holy
Trinity

1570.]
243
AND COMMONERS.
66
and within eight years after its erection was converted
into a library.
1457. Emendanti diversos defectus in superiori domo
capellæ Johīs Fromond ordinatâ pro librariâ, vs.
It was afterwards used as a granary.
1570. Pro componendo le Gyn [windlass], in novo
granario super capellam Fromond, iiijs.
Pro novo fune pro grano sublevando in solarium
[upper chamber] prædictum, ijs. vid.
In Henry VIII's time the chantry was converted
into a library, and improved, subsequently, by Dr.
Pinke, in 1629, and by the college in 1740.
A few books are yet preserved bearing the title
sex dono Fundatoris”. Fromond and his wife were
interred within the chantry.
John Fromond added spacious lodgings to the west
end of the north side of the first court; he bequeathed
liveries or gowns annually to the choristers, and his
wife Maud gave two cups to the college.
i Ciphus harnesiatus cum argento deaurato, vocatus
note, cum coopere de argento deaurato, et scribitur in
eodem;
He shall have Crystes blessyng to hys Dele,
Whoso of me drynker wele.
A curious specimen of the industry of the French
prisoners of war, when in the king's house, is pre-
served here,-a model of a man-of-war of consider-
able size.
We now give a very curious catalogue of the books
a
bought, either in the founder's life, or, probably,
shortly after his death, with his money, certainly be-
fore A.D. 1474:




244
[1474.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
i Ordinale emptum aº regni Ric. II di xviii (aº 1395) pret.,
XVS.
ii Alia antiqua, xxs.
i Magnum Antiphonarium, xli.
iij Portiphoria antiqua, xxs.
i Legenda Magna cum clapsulis de cupro deaurato, xli.
iij Alia Legendæ antiquæ, xxs.
i Collectarium cum clapsulis argenteis, xxvis. viijd.
i Graduale, xxxs.
i Manuale Magnum et Novum, xxxs.
i Manuale aliud parvum, xvis. viijd.
iiij Processionalia, xxvjs.viijd.; xiijs. viijd.; xxiiis.; viiijli.
Item : aliud Processionale antiquum, vjs. viiijd.
ij Gradualia magna, viijli.
iiij Alia Gradalia, xil. vjs. viij.
ij Alia Gradalia, cvjs. viijd.
iiij Antiqua Gradalia, xiijs. iiijd.
i Epulare, xxs.
i Missale empt. cum clapsulis de cupro deaurato empt.
aº regni Hen. IVti xijmo, aº 1411, xls.
iij Alia Missalia antiqua, xxvjs. viijd.
Doctor de Lyrâ empt. aº regni Hen. Vto 4to, aº 1415,
ixli. vjs. viijd.
Liber vocatus Auriola Biblie, xxxs.
Libellus quidam de significatione quarundam dictionum
Bibblie, vjs. viijd.
Liber Sententiarum empt. aº regni Hen. V° 1°, xxxs.
Dialogus Augustini et Bernardi de præcepto et dispen-
satione, et de vitâ St Edwardi regis et confessoris, cum
vitâ Sti Hugonis, xiijs. iiijd.
Soliloquium Augustini, et de immortalitate animæ, et de
Sanctâ Virginitate et retractatione ejusdem de Genesi
et de honestâ vitâ, xs.
Arnoldus de vj verbis Dni in Monte, xs.
Omelie Gregorii super Curam pastoralem, xxxs.
super Ezechiel cum Biblie versificatâ, xs.
Moralia Gregorii empta aº regni Hen. Vto 1°, A° 1412,
lxvjs. viijd.
1474.]
245
AND COMMONERS.

Speculum Vincentis, de principum institutione et puero-
rum conditione et de pænitentia et modo predicandi,
et quibusdam sermonibus, xxs.
Stimulus Amoris, cum expositione et de consolatione
Peccatorum, aliàs Belial, et quibusdam sermonibus
angelicis de Revelationibus factis Sti Brigetæ, xxxs.
Liber continens Alexandrum de informatione parvulo-
rum, tractatum de naturis lapidum, cum quibusdam
versibus Blesensis de commendatione vini et cerevisie,
et tractatum de Purgatorio Patrum, vjs. viijd.
Liber continens Hugonem de S. Victore de Sacramentis
cum tractatu de naturis Bestiarum et Cronicis Merlini.
Liber continens Innocentium de miseriâ condicionis
humanæ cum Numerali Mri Willelmi de Monte, et
Cronicis Merlini de Bello Trojano, Itinerarium clerici
Gyraldi Cambrensis, tractatum de laudabilibus Bri-
tanniæ et Wallie, Tractatum de penis Pilati et Judæ
Iscariotis, cum tractatu quodam de laude Origenis,
xiijs. iiiid.
Isidorius Ethymologisarius cum ij tractatis Grammatica-
libus, iiis. iiijd.
Antiphonarium, pret. lxl. xs.
vi Alia Antiphonaria, lvl. vs.
i Portiforium notatum cum clapsulis argenteis, xl.
Aliud antiquum, iiijl.
Aliud, xxxs.
ij Antiqua Legenda, ijli.
Liber de cantu organico, vjs. viijd.
i Pontificale cum clapsulis argenteis cum cooperculo de
nigro serico et rubro, xls.
Missale pulcrum et magnum cum clapsulis de argento
deaurato, xxl.
Aliud Missale pulcrum cum clapsulis de argento, xl.
Aliud Missale parvum cum clapsulis de argento et
registro deaurato, cs.
Aliud Missale cum registro, x marc.
Florarium Bartholomei, xxxs.
Vita S. Thomæ Martyris, xxs.


R

246
[1474.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Rationale Divinorum, et Legenda Sanctorum, cs.
Liber Penitentialis, vocat. Pars Oculi, xs.
Polycronicon Will. Cestreñ. xls.
Liber in quo continentur Taxationes omnium Ecclesia-
rum in singulis Dieces. per tot. Angliam, xs.
Liber continens Constitutiones Provinciales Synodales, xs.
Cum parte ineditâ Magri Histor. vis. viijd.
Priscian in Majore Hugincio [a bishop of Ferrara, who
wrote the first gloss on the decretals, A° 1212], xxxs.
Liber Catholicon, cs.
Alius liber Catholicon, iiijl.
Summa Confessorum, xls.
Summa Raymundi Canonistæ, xiijs. iiijd.
Summa Goffredi Canonistæ, xiijs. iiijd.
Innocentius super Decretalia, xiijs. iiiijd.
Liber decretalium antiquus, xs.
Casuarium Bernardi super Decreta et Decretalia, xxs.
Simon Gratianus super Decreta cum tractatu Valerini
de auctoritatibus Bibliæ, cum cotationibus V. et N.
Testamenti et juris canonici, xs.
Parisiensis per totum annum, cum aliis diversis con-
tentis, xxxs.
Bonaventura de vita et passione Christi, xiijs. iiijd.
Isidorus de Summo Bono, cum aliis, xiijs, iiijd.
Miracula B. Virginis, cum aliis, xs.
Januensis
per totum annum, xxvis. iiijd.
Januensis
super opere quadragesimali, xxs.
Fasciculus Morum, vis. viijd.
Sermones Dominicales, iijs. iiijd.
Liber continens diversas materias morales et Liber vo-
catus Binnell, vis. iiijd.
Liber Sermonum, xs.
Repertorium bonum continens Tractatus super Biblia,
XXS.
ii Portiphorium, viij lib.
i Portiphorium magnum, xx lib.
i Hymnale, xxs.
Portiforium cum clapsulis de laton deauratis
1474.]
AND COMMONERS.
247

Graduale parvum, xxxs.
Processionale, xxs.
Gradale, liijs. iijd.
Missale cum clapsulis et registro de argento, x marc.
Missale, x lib.
Missale, x marc.
Biblia, iiij marc.
Biblia, xls.
Postilla super Apochalypsin, xs.
Questiones Nottinghamienses super Evangelia, xs.
Repyngton super Evangelia, xls.
Otho Parisiensis super Evangelia, xxxs.
Chrysostomus, xxs.
Actonus, xxs.
Holcotus de lectura Libri Sapientiæ, xxxs.
Gorra de Luce Evangelii, xxxs.
Bonaventura super Librum Sententiarum, xs.
Medulla Historiarum, xxxs.
Spicilegium Historiale, iiij marc.
Psalterium glossatum, xiijs. iiijd.
Petrus Præmonstratensis super Psalterium [à Luthrâ, a
a
Præmonstratensian], xxxs.
Augustinus de doctrinâ Christianâ, xs.
Augustinus super Psalterium, xs.
Gregorii moralia, xxs.
Gregorii moralia, cum certissimis Cronicis Regum An-
gliæ et cum Moralisationibus volucrum et bestiarum,
vocatis Bestiariorum, xxs.
Compendium Morale, xls.; cum tractatu Grammaticali
qui intitulatur Adamas.
Sermones Fratris Gilberti et Tractatus de Fide et Vir-
tutibus, xs.
Tractatus de ludo Scaccorum, et Willelmus de Sancto
Amore, xs.
Narrationes de B. Mariâ Virgine et aliis; de Matris
S., viciis et virtutibus, et de ludo Scaccorum, xxs.
Meditationes Bernardi: Thomas de Aquino de perfec-
tione religiosorum et de vitiis et virtutibus, xiijs.iiijd.


R 2

248
[1474.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Liber de Pænitentia: Speculum Juniorum: Breviloquium
et Sermones de x Præceptis, xxxs.
Bromzerd de vitiis et virtutibus, cum cotationibus Juris
Civilis et Canonici, xxvis. viijd.
Liber de Sacramentalibus, xs.
Polycraticon, xxvjs.
Liber Decretorum, x marc.
Bartholomæus de proprietatibus rerum et Augustinus
super Johannem, liijs. iiijd.
Inventarium Juris Canonici,
Legenda Sanctorum vocata Legenda Aurea,
Bartholomæus in Casibus,
Liber Decretorum et Decretalium,
Liber Decretorum,
Liber Decretalium, xiiijs. iiijd.
Casuarius Bernardi super Decretalia, vjs. viijd.
Ostiensis in lecturâ super Decretalia in ijbus partibus
[Cardinal Henry de Ligurio], x lib.
Doctor super Decretalia, xxs.
Liber Sextus cum glossâ ordinatâ et ij alii Doctores, xxxs.
Liber Clementinus cum glossâ communi et Tractatus de
electione cum institutione, xxxs.
Liber de Institutione Clementinâ cum iij Doctoribus,
viz., Geff., Guill. et Joh. Andrews, xxs.
Speculum judiciale, xls.
Summa Goffredi Canonistæ, vjs. viijd.
Bartholomæus de Casibus, xxxs.
Liber de Suggestionibus et Querelis secundum usum
et practicam Curiæ Cantuarensis, cum aliis notabili-
bus, ijs. viijd.
Pupilla Oculi, xiijs. iiijd.
Pars Oculi, ijs. iiijd.
Summa Confessorum, cum tabulâ de Consecratione, xxs.
Codex juris Civilis, xxs.
FF. [Pandectæ or Digest] inforciatum, xs.
FF. novum, xs.
.
FF. casť super c. [codicem] et FF. vet inforciat et
nov', xs.
1474.]
249
AND COMMONERS.

.
Liber Prisciani in majori, vjs. viijd.
minori, xxs.
Liber qui intitulatur Unus omnium cum Prisciano in
minori cum Petro Helega, ijs.
Tractatus de accentu et de Dubitatibus quæ sunt in
Bibliâ, iijs. iijd.
Liber Equivocorum et Magni Doctrinalis, vis. viijd.
Complectio de Informatione puerorum, cum aliis præci-
puis tractatibus Anglice, xls.
Cestrensis de modo dictandi, iijs. iiijd.
Diversi tractatus de Sophistura, iijs. iiijd.
Liber Græcismorum, et Doctrinale glossatum secundum
Putanensem et Horiliensem, lxs.
Tractatus Grammatice super Dictionibus, vocatum Fer-
rum, et continens in fine Summa Raymundi
Glossarius super Marcum, xs.
Petrus de Tarentino super S. Synaxin cum tabulâ super
eandem, xiijs. iiijd.
Psalterium Glossatum, xxxs.
Liber cum historiâ Pastorali Gregorii, iiijs. iiijd.
Albertanus Causidicus de Dilectione Dei, xs.
Revelationes S. Brigettæ cum constitutionibus factis per
eandem, liijs. iiijd.
Pupilla Oculi, xls.
Inventorium Juris Canonici et Constitutiones Legatinæ
et Provinciales cum Synodalibus Wintoniensibus, xxs.
Ricardus de Posis de Epulis secundum. Consuetudinem
usitatam Curie Romane, xiijs. iiijd.
Liber continens Bourn de Disciplinâ Scolarum, cum
Speculo Sti Edmundi Montis, Bti Isidorii, tractatu qui
vocatur Templum Dni, et tractatu Mri Henrici de
Hekham super Donatum, cum expositione sequente
“Alme Chorus Domini”, et aliis notabilibus ; vis. viijd.
Liber Decretalium, empt aº 1412, xxxiijs. iiijd.
Innocentius super Decretales, empt' eodem anno, xüis.
iijd.
Liber Papæ, aº 1408, xxxiiis. iiijd.
Liber continens librum magni Doctrinalis et librum
66 Si non cruor.”



250
[1474.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Liber versificatus, cum tractatu Johannis Garland cum
hymnaturâ glossatâ, et Virgilio, xxd.
1390. Prices of provisions and labour, and miscel-
laneous expenses :-
Pro factura ii gownarum, ii capuc. et ii tuniceft.,
iis. viiid.
Pro furrurâ dict, gownar., iiijs.
Et in v virgat. dimid. panni viridis erga Fest. Pen-
1
tec., xis.
a
Et in vj virgat. de panno russet. pro liberaturâ eorun-
dem erga Festum Mich., ixs.
, .
Et in iij virgat. et dimid. de Blanket. empt. pro duppli-
candis dict. Liberatis, vs. iijd.
Et in factura dict. gownarum sic dupplicat, cum i pari
caligarum et manicarum, iis.
Et in vestibus lineis, xxjd. ; et in vij paribus sotularum,
iis. viijd.
1398. Prices of provisions, etc. :-
Wheat, a bushel, vjd.; Malt, vjd. ob. &; Oats, iijd. q.
[by the quarter, 1469, xxd.], 1474, ijs. viijd. ; Wheat,
xid. q; New hay, a load, ijs.jd. ob. [1478, iiijs.; 1469,
.
;
iiijs. iiijd.]; Old hay, a load, ijs. jd. ; Carriage of hay,
a load, js. ob. ; 10 hogs, each, ijs. ijd. ; Flitch of
bacon, is.
1399. In oleo pro lampade ardente per totum annum, viijs.
1400. In cerpis empt. pro aulâ propter adventum Petri
de Boxo (Legate) Expens. equitanti ad Dounton pro
lanâ ibidem vendendâ, xviijd.
1400. In i equo conducto pro Joh. Huett clerico capelle,
equitante usque ad Bristoll
per
üi dies
pro
suâ citherâ
querendâ erga Nativ. Dni., ijs. iiijd.
;
1 The present gown is of black cloth, with a full sleeve looped up at
the elbow, and buttoned at the neck in front. The college waistcoat is
of the form worn by clergymen. A band is also worn. The gown of the
prefects is marked by a broad facing of velvet, like the proctor's at Oxford.
We earnestly hope that the scholars may be permitted to resume the aca-
demical square cap and tassel, in place of the inappropriate round hat.

1417.]
251
AND COMMONERS.
1402. Beachen piles, by the hundred, xiijs. iiijd.
1404. Mention is made of i par organorum.
1406. In v paribus cultellorum harnesi, cum argento
unde iij paria deaurat. ad dand. diversis clericis et
generosis faventibus collegio, xis. viijd.
1406. Stone slate for covering, vs.
1407. Red wine, by the gallon, viijs. xd.; Laodiceæ episc-
opo Grecæ ecclesiæ, il. is.
1407. In viridibus candelis et ramis arborum emtis erga
fest. Nat. S. Joh. Bapt., xiiijd.
In expensis Rob. Ticck equitantis usque ins. Vect. per
iiij vices pro grenston [newly hewn] ibidem provi-
dendo et carpando, etc., iijd., ijd.
In expensis vi scolarium deferentium organa de collegio
usque ad hospitium dui epi de Waltham, ix. ob.
1412. Sol. cuidam pictori pro depingendâ celurâ librarie
et
pro faciendâ Salutatione Angeli ad Mariam, xxxiiis.
Sol. Johi Mason emendanti et de novo ponenti
pavimentum in aulâ.
1415. In dat. John. Gondray, Armigero dni epi Wynton
deferenti novos rumores ad collegium de ultra mare
de ducibus, comitibus, baronibus, militibus et aliis
generosis de Franciâ capt. per dm regem nostrum
nunc Anglie in quodam bello facto apud Agyncourt
in Picardiâ, vjs. viiijd.
In xij arcubus empt. apud London mense Maii pro dno
epo Wynton et familiâ suâ ad dand. inter eosdem tem-
pore venationis in diversis parcis suis, xxiis. viijd.
In panno lineo empt.pro organis collegii cooperiend.cari-
and. ad Clere. xxd., in dicto panno incerando, xxd.,
in ij baculis fraxineis pro eisdem organis portandis,
viid.
1414. Pipa rubri vini, xls.
1417. The college gave a scarlet cape to the warden of
New Coll., and a hury or cap apiece to the posers. .
Pro pane vino Damasceno et Piris miss. ad domum
fratrum Carmel., iiijs. vd.
1418. Allocať Bursariis de debito Johis Okebourne solut



252
[1474.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
per eosdem ad subsidium cleri existentis ultra mare
pro unione ecclesie faciendâ [a mission to heal the
western schism], xjs. xd.
1426. Pro lanâ mundandâ per viij dies ut venditioni melius
exponatur, iijs. xd.
1430. Pro grene-stone pro gradibus pro hostio sub Li-
braria, viz. x tunne tyrthe empt. in Ins. Vect. ad
ijs. iijd.-xxiijs. iiijd.
1433. Pro ij ollis de corio empt. Londini pro generosis, ijs.
1444. In Pyfehalm empta pro cerevisiâ conservandâ in
tempore yemali, ijd.
1448. In reparatione magni dorsorii [hangings] aule, et in i
bolte de grene worstede empt. London, vjs. iiijd.
1458. Pro ij novis gonnis ferr' empt. Lond., utrâque ha-
bente iij cameras, vjs. viijd.
Pro i staffe gonne de Latyn' cum ij cameris, xxs. iijd.
Pro xxlb. de gonne powder, xxs.
Pro factata le bondis et staplys ponderant’i lb pro magnâ
gonnâ.
Sol. laboranti per iiij dies circa camerationem magnæ
gonne, iis. viijd.
1468. In ij arcubus et xxiiij sagittis empt' pro ü custo-
dibus equitantibus cum duo custode in progressu et
aliis negotiis collegii, vs. vjd.
1468. A bricklayer, per day, iiijd, with commons.
A .
labourer,
Lime, by the quarter, xijd. [iis. jd., 1471.]
Sand, load, vid.
Straw, by the load, xxd.
Quarter board and plank board, by the dozen, xxd.
6 Penny nails, by the 1000, iiijs. ijd.
Fee to a doctor of the Court of Arches, vjs. viiijd.
Proctor, iij. iiijd.
1471. Carriage of timber from New Forest to the college,
iiijs.
A stone-cutter, per diem, vid.; his labourer, ijd. ; with
commons, ijd.
Carpenter, per diem, ijd. and iiijd.
ijd.)
}
..
1509.)
253
AND COMMONERS.

Blue slate, per load, vjs. ixd. Red tiles, per 1000, ijs. vjd.;
laths, per 1000, iijs. vjd; wheelbarrow, js. 1475. A
vowdryn-i ton—of lead, cs.
1473. In ii equis trottantibus altero pomeldonne (grey]
coloris empt., lxs.
1478. Faggotts, by ye thousand, xxvjs. viijd. [By the
hundred, 1545, iis.]
Wax for candles for the chapel, one hundred-
weight, xliijs. iiijd.
1482. Expens. custodis et aliorum equitanť ad London
et ibidem expectantium xxiij dies.
Et in liberat' ad novam constructionem le vyce
[stair-case], xiijl. xiijs. vjd.
1482. Glazier, per diem, iijd. ; with commons, at is. iijd.
per week.
Canneflape, for scholars and servants' tablecloths,
vijd.; Xxx Plates of glass, each at vijd. Tyn, by
the lb. ijd.
Plaster, per ton weight, vjs. viijd. 1509. Holland, by
the ell, vijd. A labourer, by the day, iiijd., and com-
mons, ijd.
Lime, per quarter, xijd. 10 penny nails, by the 1000,
vjs. viijd. ; 6 penny nails, do., ijs. ijd.; 5 penny
nails, do., iijs. iiijd. ; 3 penny nails, xxd.; lathe nails,
per c, vijs. Tile-pins, per bushel, iijd. Plank-board,
by the foot, ijs. and xxijd.
1509. Sol. pro costumagio quatuor molarium lapidum apud
Southton, xiijs. iiijd.
1509. Parchment, a skin, iijd. Horseshoes [iron], for fore-
feet, ijd.; for hind-feet, jd.
1509. Oats, per quarter, iis. [1531, ijs. viijd.]
Bran, per quarter, xd. [1531, ijs.]
Hay, by the load, iiijs., iiijs. vid. [1531, iiijs.;
viijd., 1545.]
Straw, xxd. [1531, xvjd. ; xxd., 1545.]
1512. In armis emptis pro iij hominibus mittendis ad
Insulam Vectam tempore belli, cum xviijs. vijd. pro
tunicis, lxxivs. vjd.; pro 6 faratris sagittarum,
xvs. iijd.




254
[1527.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
1519. Hempen rope, by the pound, iiijd.
1519. A millstone, iiijd.
1529. Tile-pins, per quarter, ijs. viijd. ; sand, per load,
ixd. ; lime, by the quarter, xvjd. ; a sawyer, with com-
mons, per diem, iiijd. ; bricks, per 1000, vs.; hire of
a cart and driver, per diem, xd., besides commons, vd.
plumber, by the day, iiijd.; solderer, do., iijd.; quarry
of glass, id. 1542. Reyme of paper (regall), vs. iiid.
1543. Labourer, by the day (with commons), iid.;
Purbeck stone, by the ton, vs.; glass, for windows, vd.
1547. Bell metal, by the lb., iiijd. 1560. Glazier, ,
commons and a day's work, viijd. ; glass, by foot, vd.;
pewter, by the lb., viijd. ; load of straw, ijs. ; iron
horse-shoe, ijd.; saddle, ijs. vüjd.; carriage from Lon-
don to Winton, by the cwt., ijs. ; paving-stone, by the
foot, ijd. ; gutter-stone, do., iiijd. 1573. Pro dolio
yini clarett. (a butt of 30 gallons), üjl. ; pro lagenâ
vini clarett. (a gallon), iis. 1573. A labourer, cutting
wood and making faggots, by the day, ijd. ; brick-
layer, and boy, do., ixd. ; load of lime, viijs. Bricks,
per 1000, vjs. viijd. ; tiles, do., vijs. ; a hatchet and
bill-hook, xüjd.; a pair of hedging gloves, ixd. ; load
of hay, xs. ; of straw, ijs. vjd. ; a pair of knyt-hosen,
xvjd.; a hat, xvjd.; horse-shoe, iiid. ; pair of short
boots for a servant, iiijs. xd.; pair of shoes, do., xvjd.;
a doublet, do., iijs. 1575. Hedging and ditching, by
the perch, vjd.
1525. Olium pro lampade in choro per lagenam,
xvd.
1527. Sol. rectori Sti Trinitatis pro decimis
.
pro
mancione
dni custodis pro ij primis terminis, vijs. [This was
the warden's hostel, in Little Trinity Lane, Queen-
hithe. Blackstone calls the range, Troumper's Inn: it
was for the use of the college, when they had busi-
ness to transact in London.)
Pro vectura de le cloth-sack [carpet-bag] dni custodis
tempore parliamenti regis mense Februarii, aº 25
Hen. VIII.
Between 1403, 1404, the warden and fellows rented a

1579.]
255
AND COMMONERS,
house, at an annual cost of lviijs. iiijd., to receive them
on their journies to London.
1531, Plumber, by the day, iiijd. [1478, vjd.]
Old glass, by the foot, ijd. [1482, ijd.]
New glass, do., vd.
Beans, a quarter, iiijs. viiijd.
1534. A fat ox, ijl. Os. viijd.
weather, iiijs. vjd.
1536. Sol. pro impositione plumarum xiiij sagittarum et
pro unâ capsulâ pro iisdem, xiijd.
1537. 2 remys
of
paper, 0:5:2
1551. In denariis diminutis per edictum regium divul-
gatum in civitate Wynton ix Julii, iiijli. xiijs. ixd.
1564. For 1200 short boards for the asylum in the time
of the plague.
1570. Pro ponderatione et carriagio plumbi ab ecclesiâ
cathedrali ad collegium, xvijd.
1570. Pro j duoden : quadrarum pro mensâ sociorum
Bursariorum tempore auditionis computûs et pro ijbus
magnis lagenis de pewter empt' Lond. ad eandem,
xiijs. vjd.
A chayre of wyred worke for the orgayne player
in the third chamber, and iiij small desks.
1574. Sol. Ballivo aquarum pro i cygno vocať a nest byrde,
iiijd.
Pro contributione ad rete composatum pro cygnis capi-
endis, iijs., et pro expensis in capiendis cygnis, viijd.
1578. One bigate (a two-wheeled two-horsed cart, con-
taining 4 quarters) of lime, 0:8:0.
Wheat, 155 quarters 7 bushels, 135:19: 91.
1579. Pro expensis Mri Booles et Jo. Budde equitantium
ad reducendos scolares defugientes, xs. xd.
Pro expensis Mri Chandler et Mr Booles equitant
cum ij famulis ad curiam circa querelas scolarium,
Xxxvs. id.
1597. Pro pictura domini Fundatoris, iiijl. xijs. vjd. [The
portrait hangs in the Hall in Election week.]
1607. Pro serâ ad subsellia sociorum in ecclesiâ cathedrali
Wynton, iijs. iiijd.



256
[1688.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
1640. Pro liturgiis eccles. Mediol', 4:0:0.
1675. Pro carbonibus fossilibus per modium, 0:7:6.
1675. Sol. dno Loggan Chalcograph. Acad. Oxon. figu-
ram Collegii delineanti, 12:0:0.
1691. Pulsantibus campanas ob regis reditum incolumem
ex Hiberniâ, 0:2:6.
1657. Mro Informatori pro mappâ mundi pro scholâ,
1:7:6.
1666. Sol. Mr. Williamson, pro renovando et deaurando
effigiem Fundatoris in aula, 31.
Viduæ Sharrock pesti laboranti et ulceratæ ne
aquæductum nostrum impuris lotionibus injuriaret,
0:1:0.
1667. Pro expensis electionis apud Nubery [owing to
the plague], 51:15:9. Pro le tarr et pice ad pur-
gandas cameras, 0:0:9.
1687. To my Lord of Bath's drummers [recruiting at
Winton], 0:10:0.
1688. Allocat. per consensum in relevamen indigentium
scholarium St. Marie Magdal. 40:0:0.

The cloisters (the area of which includes 17,424
square feet) were not originally comprehended in the
founder's plan, the site being called “ Locus in cæme-
terio in dicto collegio ordinatus”. Buttresses also
finish the south side of the chapel, although cloisters
would have afforded sufficient support to it. The
cloister is mentioned in a computus roll, 7 Henry IV;
that is within two years after the founder's death,
when payment was made for repairs, “ defectûs super
claustrum”. Pope Boniface IX, A.D. 1390, issued a
bull, permitting the right of free sepulture within
the sacred enclosure, which was consecrated in 1395.
There are nine bays on every side of the square,
divided by buttresses: each bay is divided by mul-
lions into three quatrefoiled lights; the tracery in

1852.]
257
AND COMMONERS.

the head being of perpendicular work; the spandrils
on the inner face of the wall are filled with quatre-
foils; a doorway in each central bay admits to the
garth ; the cloisters, separated by the green sward,
surround it, in a quadrangle 132 feet square, and
11 feet 3 inches between the walls and arcade, roofed
with segmental rafters in the pointed style. Chast-
ened not chilling, solemn not sad, is the thoughtful-
ness which the scene inspires.
In the east wall of the ambulatory is the doorway
which led through another to the north alley, by which
the daily circum was made. To the north rises the
college tower, and above the sloping roof and open
arcade of the alley is the line of the chapel windows;
over the east and southern alleys appears a belt of
tall trees, seemingly shutting out the world. Here
passed the stately procession on high days, sweeping
by with hymns and silver cross and burning incense;
here the attentive scholar sat at his master's feet
during the heat of summer in the refreshing coolness
of its shade ;' here the pensive student mused or read,
when winds were high, sheltered from the storm;
here were celebrated the last obsequies of the de-
parted. The soft velvet turf, more brightly green in
the sunshine, from the contrast of the grey girdle of
stones around, nourishes the sweet bay and flowering
jasmine, scenting the air ; the spider hangs her light
net-work between mullion and pier, but no web ever
touches the rounded rafters of the roof, which is
vaulted with dark beams of Irish oak. Deep shadows


1 So lately as 1773.—See Hist. of Winton, p. 150 ; Winton, 1773,
258
(1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
a
a
cluster around the distance; the light falls tempered
on the old walls weather-tinted and stained by time,
and the brasses on the pavement and piers; the song
of the birds alone breaks the still silence; yet there
is no feeling of loneliness or desertion; it has been
ever a holy place, dedicated to meditation and the
last repose of man. No ensigns of ambition, no
memories of bygone pageant, no remembrancers of
men who desired the vain distinction of a cumbrous
monument, are here; the simple tablet on the wall,
the modest brass graven on the pavement, suggest no
sense of loneliness, or the impotency of the old yearn-
ings of a proud heart laid in the dust; it seems the place
of slumber that befits a student's last home; few foot-
steps echo here but those of members of a brotherhood
of which the dead was once a fellow ; few voices break
the hush of these corridors, but those of men who regard
them with the self-same affection wherewith he looked
upon them; few visit them, but with a Wykehamist's
traditionary love. When all other sounds have been
hushed, save the light rustling of the ivy and waving
trees in the garth, and the faint whisperings which
are ever floating about retreats such as these, how
the solemn interest of the cemetery deepens, when
the chant and responses in the neighbouring chapel
come gushing in, and the thrilling notes of the organ,
rolling onward in waves of sonorous music, breathe
through and shake the quivering arcades, roll their
sublime harmonies along the roofs, blend with the
soft voices of the choir, and, with the grandeur of
slow retiring thunders, speak, like the voice of one
rising heavenward, peace and hope to the sleepers


1395.]
AND COMMONERS.
259

yet alive, until the soul seems borne upward on the
mighty wings of those triumphant strains.

C. RADCL.YEFE.
J.L.WILLIAMS SO
We pass out into the fine breezy meads, with St.
Catherine's Hill in the distance, its noble plane and fir
trees, the cheerful murmurs of the college-mill, and the
cries of the scholars at their play. A finer ball-court,
a better cricket-ground, or ampler space for foot-ball,
are not to be found. College meads, composed of part
of the domain of St. Elizabeth College, are bounded on
the east by Non-Licet Gate; the Carmelites' grounds
were to the south; ball court, and the school court,
occupy Otterbourne's Mead; the cathedral lands
were to the west. The pathway, De la Barton, ran
along the line of the gravel walk by the brook in the

6

260
[1410.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
warden's garden: the house Caritè, a lazar house or
almonry of the convent, standing just to the eastward
of the little bridge. The Wykehamist needs not to
be reminded of the day when he has lent his voice to
cheer, as the exciting contest went on, between the
elevens, six and six, or twenty-two and twenty-two, as
alternately commoners or college were in the ascend-
ant; how a wicket bowled down, or a game won,
have made the echoes on hills and in water-meads
ring again and again; with what keen interest he
watched the hard-fought match between the “Lord's
eleven” and school, anxious to speculate on the
chances of Winton against the bats of Eton and
Harrow. Many a memory of sunny days in summer
will the mention of Meads recall; and of the long
lines of juniors keeping in the balls in the nipping
frosty winds of November:
-
the football's noisy rout,
Tumult loud and boisterous play,
The dangerous slide, the snow-ball fray ;
Cricket, nimble boy and light,
In slippers red and trousers white,
Who o'er the nicely measured land,
Ranges around his comely band,
Alert, to intercept each blow,
Each motion of the wary foe.”
HUDDESFORD.
The wall of the Carmelite Friars lay to the south
of College Mead (the present wall is of the time of
Henry VIII, or 1 Edward VI, being built chiefly of
the large stones of St. Elizabeth College), and was
built by Winton College, A.D. 1410, of flint and
mortar, and with the present eastern wall formed
1775.]
261
AND COMMONERS.

an acute angle; it was pulled down when the meadow
was enlarged; its remains may be seen in dry weather.
.
In 1750, a hedge ran east and west across meads.
The grounds of St. Elizabeth extended no further than
the river. The inscription on the Carmelite's wall
ran thus: “Solum ecclesie in occidentali parte hujus
muri ab hoc angulo", i. e., that their church land
began from that corner of the wall south-westward.
A house, in which the society might take refuge
during the time of the plague, was built at an early
period of its history, in the hamlet of Mounsberle, or
Moundsmere, in the parish of Preston Candover. In
1640, on the former grounds of the Carmelite, or
White-Friars (a convent founded by Peter, parish
priest of St. Helen's, in 1278), Warden Harris built
the present infirmary, or sick-house; upon it were
carved the words, “Sumptibus Harrisii fuit ædificata
Bethesda”. Over the windows, on the east side, this
legend still remains :

Votum authoris pro pueris.
Jehovah, Qui sanitatis author est unicus, noxia, precor,
Omnia a vestris capitibus arceat ac repellat.
a
And on the west, this sentence:
Votum puerorum pro authore.
Cubantis in lecto languoris extremus cor essis,
Et artus Jehovah curet, foveat, ac sustentet.

A fellow of the college, the Rev. John Taylor, M.A.,
in 1775, added the garden-front to the south.
Old Commoners is gone; but the old familiar sights
1 Founder of Petworth Free-School, 1753.
262
[1852
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
are still the same for commoner and scholar alike:
the magnificent cathedral, the chapel, the school,
Black bridge (so called from its predecessor—built of
tarred wood), the chalky steep of St. Giles's, the breezy
downs sweeping away to the east and southward, the
massive tower and roofs of St. Cross (almost hidden
within the thick belt of elms), the clear rapid Itchen,
W

FERTA
AGARDIM
the waterman's hut, and water meads of “ Dalmatia”,
Commoners’-field, Double-Hedge (in 1750 the high
road to Twyford), the locks, and bathing-places of
Newbridge and Tunbridge, and the streams where
the boyish angler plies the craft and treads the con-
stant paths of Izaak Walton :-
patient takes his quiet stand,
The line soft trembling in his hand,
And marks with penetrative eye,
Kissing the wave, the frequent fly;
1852.)
263
AND COMMONERS.

Where the trout, with eager spring,
Forms the many-circled ring,
And, leaping from the silver tide,
Turns to the sun his speckled side.”
There also remains the well-known “hill”, with
its swelling side, deeply dented with the circular rim
of the Roman mound, and tufted summit; whereon
Leland remembers standing “ the very fair” chapel of
the patroness St. Catharine, until Wolsey destroyed
it. (Itin. vol. iii, f. 72, page 87; Oxon. 1744.) The
high hill was a favourite spot with the old ecclesi-
astics, whereon to found a chapel dedicated to this
saint, owing to the legend that angels (meaning,
really, holy men) transported her body to the famous
monastery on the summit of Mount Sinaï in Arabia,
which was richly endowed by the Emperor Justinian,
and remains there to this day. Hence so many hills
(for instance, those near Winkton and Christchurch)
are called by her name in England, as also one at
Rouen in France.
There too still remains the time-worn maze, about
which Tom Warton, who should have been a Wyke-
hamist, happily describes the frequent games :-



“ Celebrare palæstras
Multiplices, passimque levi contendere lusu
Festa dies quoties rediit.
Quin lusu incerto cernas gestire minores,
Se saltu exercent vario, et luctantur in herbâ,
Innocuasque edunt pugnas, aut gramine molli
Otia agunt fusi, clivisque sub omnibus hærent.”

Below is the fatal “first lock”; its familiar name
of “pot” being derived from its bubbling frothing
water ; in it poor Bingham, then captain of the
264
[1780.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
school, and elect of New College, was drowned in
1780, owing to cramp. He is buried in the cloisters.
Silently indeed does the old Wykehamist think
with himself, as he takes his way among the well
remembered scenes, along which he mused upon his
home, or the prospects of his future life, and recalls
the memories of his boyish days, and of his fellows,
his own familiar friends,—all now scattered far and
wide,—some, with fortune, talent, and virtue, sitting
in high places; others toiling in humbler stations;
some still warring in the battle of life, in alternate
hope and disappointment; and some laid in an early
or a foreign grave.
His must be a cold and no
Wykehamist's heart which is not affected by a return
to the “old place”, while every year increases his own
sense of gratitude to the founder, and lessens the
number of those who were there associates and com-
panions: dead and unprofitable the living man, that,
without emotion, hears the grace that has been sung,
and sees the holy walls that have stood, by God's
blessing, for nigh five hundred years, during which five
times the reigning dynasty, and thrice the established
religion of the country, have suffered change.
To such as have nor love nor pleasant memory in
such a place, the fault is not in it, but in themselves.
Wearied with the toil and change of the world, how
the old Wykehamist loves to turn back to the “old
place” again, and yearns to look upon it once more;
yet all to him seems shrunken, something has passed
across the old remembered haunts, the boys are less
tall, the courts are not so spacious as they appeared
to his younger eye.
He has never forgotten the


1780.
265
AND COMMONERS.

school, never ceased to feel a keen interest in its for-
tunes; its memory has been ever dear, ever rested
softly in his inmost heart, like a bright spot amid the
darker remembrances of later life; affection to it has
grown deeper with advancing years; while all other
things pale, cool, and satiate, this alone retains all its
freshness and warmth. That which was disagreeable
has lost its bitterness, and recalls friendships and
boyish alliances, scenes and times; the kindly wel-
come, the cordial shake of the hand, that goes home
to his heart, is given by one to whom, perhaps, he
scarce addressed a word, yet is as that of a friend.
There is a community of interest, a mutual tie, a
secret freemasonry, a oneness of language, between
all who have sat in the same school, knelt in the
same chapel, cricketed or played at football in the
same field and mead, bathed in the same stream-
they have both glanced with pleasure on the class-
list, in which appeared some known names- —they
have both watched anxiously and with reviving boyish
enthusiasm, and rejoiced over the day won at Lord's
over Eton or Harrow—they have both venerated
the successful champions of the good name of Winton
in senate, parish, bar, or camp;—for young and old, the
prosperous and unsuccessful, for all without distinction,
here is the central home of that great brotherhood,
whose common glory is the name of Wykehamist.
One spot there is in his solitary walk, where he
will pause a little space, it is the Domum-wharf,—


1 An admirable custom prevails in Commoners: the prefects and
senior boys, on the last night before they leave, attended by their imme-
diate friends, go round the rooms, and bid good-bye to every commoner.
S

266
[1773.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
and we can fancy the grey-haired father tell his boy,
whom he has come to introduce as one of Wykeham’s
scholars, an old legend; how once, year by year, ac-
cording to old tradition, all assembled beneath the
shade of Domum Tree. Quaint is the old tale, and a
tear glistens in his eye, as he speaks of the cause of
that ancient custom. Three centuries have gone, more
or less—the monks still sang mass in St. Swithin's,
St. Elizabeth's vesper bell still chimed with the blithe
peal of St. Mary's—since the summer holidays came
and found the busy courts of the college deserted,
save by a few servants and one boy, on whom they
looked carelessly, as they passed upon their errand :
none have ever told why the friendless boy was still
kept a prisoner, and awhile chained to a pillar, his
merry fellows gone: but sad truth it is, none ad-
dressed, none heeded, none saw the faltering step,
the pale face, the bowed head, the glazing eye; none
heard complaining from the poor solitary; but he
thought through the long dull hours, the lonely
walk, the silent night; and the brain grew heavy with
thought, and the heart too big with sorrow; sad and
weary with longing, none came to soothe his grief,
or dry the streaming tear, as sight or sound reminded
him that he was alone. The end came at last. The
scholars came back; there was no sound in the cham-
ber; the last sunset rays were gilding his bed, and
he was rejoicing in the sunrise of undying day—he
had found his “home”. Upon the bark of the ancient
tree, that stood where yonder sapling, the third of its
race, now stands, as his memorial, with the death-pang
at his heart, he carved the words of “ Dulce Domum”.
1852.)
267
AND COMMONERS.

Until the year 1773, the “Domum” was sung at
the Wharf, on Blackbridge, and at the college gates,
on the evening before the Whitsuntide holidays.
The fourth verse-
“Jam repetit domum
Daulias advena"
even-
9
marks the season. It is sung in College Hall on the
six last Saturdays of the “ long half” before“
ing hills”.
Still in July the annual festival comes round,
which commemorates the old tradition of the “Domum
Song", and has been made the season for gathering
together the family of Wykeham, drawing close again
the bonds of love which bind together kindred hearts,
which have wandered asunder-reviving once more
the old love, which seemed dormant amid the cares
and struggles, the pleasures and sorrows, of the tu-
multuous world without—rekindling the sweet sym-
pathies of former days—making heart unlock its
depths and call to heart—dilating, warming, inspi-
riting the spirit worn with the never-ceasing battle of
life—reassembling around this their father's hearth,
the rallying place of their common affections, the young
and the old, all children and brothers, growing young
again, and unselfish, forgetting every difference of
age and fortune, among the dear remembrancers of
boyhood. Beautiful, indeed, is it, when the school
walls are gay with garlanded flowers and festooned
flags, and the floors are hid with the crowd of those
that come to keep the high day of Winton—when
the bands burst forth in joyous melody, and the cho-
risters and grace-singers lift up their voices, “ Con-


S2

268
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
cinamus oh sodales !”— then the chorussed burden,
“ Domum, domum !” thrills through the very heart,
quickens and blends all in one warm, genial, generous,
flow of joy and kindliness—peer and prelate, states-
man and recluse, the well-known and the unnoted —
rouses a hundred fond associations and glowing sym-
pathies—cements the cordial greeting, in the scene
of early love, where all are equal: “Domum, domum”,
the green home of memory in the sterile waste of
years, wherein are no holidays—“ Domum, domum,
dulce domum”, home, home, sweet home!
Nations, and thrones, and reverend laws, have melted like a dream,
Yet Wykeham's works are green and fresh beside the crystal stream ;
Four hundred years and fifty their rolling course have sped,
Since the first serge-clad scholar to Wykeham's feet was led ;
And still his seventy faithful boys, in these presumptuous days,
Learn the old truth, speak the old words, tread in the ancient ways:
Still for their daily orisons resounds the matin chime-
Still linked in bands of brotherhood, St. Catharine's steep they climb;
Still to their Sabbath worship they troop by Wykeham’s tomb-
Still in the summer twilight sing their sweet song of home.
ROUNDELL PALMER's Anniv. Ballad.
Ecclesiastical Patronage in the gift of the Warden
and Fellows of Winchester College."
Andover, V., with Foxcote, C., Hants, 4331.
Ash, R., Surrey, 4731.
1 For the music, see Appendix.
2 By 9 Geo. II, c. 36, the two universities, their colleges, and the
scholars upon the foundation of the royal colleges of Winchester and
Eton, and Westminster school, were excepted out of the act of Mort-
main ; and by 45 Geo. III, c. 110, these colleges may purchase any
.
number of advowsons.
3 No better proof of the wisdom of Wykeham, in providing for the
maintenance of amity and union between his colleges, could be given,
1852.]
269
AND COMMONERS.

St. Nicholas and St. Peter, Beddestone, R., with
Slaughterford, P. C., Wilts, 1021.
Bradford Abbas, V., with Clifton Maybank, R., Dorset,
4791.
Bradford Peverell, R., Dorset, 2291.
North Bradley, V., Wilts, 3981.
Bursledon, P. C., Hants, 1101.
Downton, V., with Nuntón, C., Hants (granted 3 Ric. II,
P. 11, m. 22], 5711.
Hamble le Rise, D., Hants, 361.
Hound, V., with Bursledon, C., Hants, 1601.
Milhome Port, V., Somerset, 2331.
Portsea, V., Hants, 6961.
Portsmouth, V., Hants, 5551.
St. Nicholas, Sydling, V., with Hilfield, C., Dorset, 1691.
West Worldham, P. C., Hants, 381.
Widley, R., with Wymering, V. alt., Hants, 6781.

It is singular that we cannot add to this list the
church of the founder's birth-place.
Wickham was the seat of the Uvedales. The
founder is said to have been born in a little house
near the wells, to which the neighbouring people
repair, as others to Epsom and Tonbridge. The
than the appeal made to his statutes by King's College, in their famous
petition of November 1634, to the crown--that as the fellows of Win-
chester were exclusively chosen from the members of New College, the
fellows of Eton might be elected from their society only. Archbishop
Laud, as visitor, decided that five out of the seven Eton fellowships
should be given to King's men, March 11th, 1637. King Charles II
confirmed the order, which had been interrupted by the civil wars,
on Nov. 10th, 1670; and finally, the case having been argued before
L. C. Jefferys, and through the influence of Archbishop Sancroft, King
James II, Feb. 26th, 1687, ratified it. By means of a royal mandamus,
strangers, neither graduates nor clergymen, were also unstatutably thrust
upon Eton College, until the provostship of Dr. Allestree, about the
same period ; when, by order of the privy-council, the practice was for-
bidden.-MS. Ayscough, 4841, 1844.


270
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE.
manor-house, on the east end of the town, passed
into the hands of Edward, Earl of Carlisle, who mar-
ried Elizabeth, the heiress of the Uvedales. The
monument of the last of this noble race, of the date
1695, still remains. While a Uvedale survived, there
were no poor in Wickham. Sir William Uvedale
gave the pulpit. His motto was “Tant que je puis.”
-MS. Add. 14, 296, f. 15-7.
BINOVAN
C...RADCLYFFE
J.L. WILLIAMS SC

THE ANNALS
OF

ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE, ,
(COMMONLY CALLED “NEW COLLEGE"),
IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.



ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
IN OXFORD.
"Neque Collegium quodvis aliud vel plures, vel ad negotia tum sacra tum civilia procuranda
magis idoneos, in Ecclesiam aut Rempublicam emisisse constat.”
----Antony à Wood.
WYKEHAM's own noble words, the eloquent expres-
sion of his hopes and designs in the foundation of
his college in Oxford, prefixed to the statutes, form
the most suitable preface to its history.
In nomine sanctæ et individuæ Trinitatis, Patris, et
Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, necnon Mariæ Virginis glori-
osæ, omniumque sanctorum Dei. T Nos Willelmus de
Wicham permissione divinâ Winton. episcopus de summi
rerum Opificis bonitate confisi, Qui vota cunctorum in
Eo fidentium cognoscit, dirigit, et disponit de bonis for-
tunæ, quæ nobis in hâc vitâ de Suæ plenitudinis gratiâ
tribuit abundanter, duo perpetua collegia, unum, viz.
collegium perpetuum pauperum et indigentium schola-
rium clericorum in studio universitatis Oxon: Lincolni-
ensis diocesis in diversis scientiis et facultatibus studere
et proficere debentium [Saint Mary College of Winchester
in Oxenford vulgariter nuncupatum]; Et quoddam aliud
collegium perpetuum aliorum pauperum et indigentium
scholarium clericorum grammaticam addiscere deben-
tium, prope civitatem Wintoniæ [Saint Mary College of
Winchester similiter nuncupatum]; ad laudem, gloriam,
et honorem nominis et exaltationem Crucifixi, ac gloriosis-
simæ Mariæ matris Ejus sustentationem, fidei Christianæ
exaltationem, ecclesiæ sanctæ profectum, divini cultùs, li-



274
[1400.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
beraliumque artium, scientiarum, et facultatum augmen-
tum, authoritate apostolicâ et regiâ ordinavimus, institui-
mus,fundavimus, et stabilivimus,prout in chartis, et literis
nostris patentibus super ordinationibus, institutionibus,
ac fundationibus collegiorum ipsorum confectis pleniùs
continetur. Unde nos volentes aliqua, quæ in præ-
senti nostræ occurrunt memoriæ, facere, statuere, ac
etiam ordinare, quæ dicto nostro collegio Oxoniæ schola-
ribus, clericis, et personis aliis, ac possessionibus, et
bonis ejusdem collegii, necnon salubri regimini eorun-
dem necessaria et utilia reputamus, et quæ doctrinam in-
crementum et profectum ipsorum respicere dignoscuntur,
Christi nomine primitùs invocato, ad futuram et perpe-
tuam rei memoriam, ad eam procedimus in hunc modum.
Imprimis, siquidem ut sacra scriptura seu pagina, scien-
tiarum omnium aliarum mater et domina sua liberiùs ac
præ ceteris dilatet tentoria, et cum eâ pacificè militet,
utriusque juris, canonici viz. et civilis, facultas nec phi-
losophia desit pro ceteris imbuendis, prefatum nostrum
Oxoniæ collegium, in et de numero unius custodis, ac
lxx pauperum indigentium scholarium clericorum, in-
dictis scientiis et facultatibus studere debentium sub-
sistere statuimus, ac etiam ordinamus; et sic ipsum
volumus, Deo propitio, perpetuò permanere.
Ut sicut
ipsum collegium de diversis, quas in unum congregabit,
personis existere dignoscetur, sic in eodem collegio vi-
geat per Dei gratiam scientiarum diversitas et etiam
facultatum : philosophiæ scilicet, jurium canonici et
civilis, et ut præcipuè ferventiùs et frequentiùs Christus
evangelizetur, et fides cultusque divini nominis augeaturi
et fortiùs sustentetur; sacræ insuper theologiæ, ut sic
dilatetur laus Dei,gubernetur ecclesia; vigor atque fervor
Christianæ religionis calescant; scientiæ quoque et vir-
tutes omnes ampliùs convalescant; necnon ut generalem
morbum militiæ clericalis, quam propter paucitatem cleri
ex pestilentiis, guerris, et aliis mundi miseriis, contigen-
tem, graviter vulneratam conspeximus, desolationi com-
patientes tam tristi partim alleviare, possimus, quam
in toto sanare veraciter non valemus, ad quod reverà
1400.]
275
IN OXFORD.

pro nostro parvitatis modulo nostros apponimus libenter
labores. Et insuper ut custos, scholares, et socii dicti
nostri collegii, quod ad sui regiminis rectitudinem, et
munimen, viros diversarum scientiarum, et facultatum,
qui collegium ipsum, ejusdemque possessiones spiritu-
ales et temporales, libertates, et jura impugnare vo-
lentibus resistere sciant, et valeant, ex adverso habere
indiget eruditos et exercitatos jugiter in scientiis et fa-
cultatibus supradictis, viros de seipsis continuè recipiant
circumspectos, providos, et discretos, ac aliis extraneis
verisimiliter diligentiores, fideliores, et etiam promp-
tiores, ad conservandum, tuendum, et viriliter defenden-
dum, res, et bona, terras, redditus, et possessiones, alias
spirituales et temporales, libertates, et jura quæcunque
collegii memorati ; causas quoque, lites, et placita occa-
sione premissorum emergentia prosequendum, et fide-
liter defendendum; necnon ad faciendum, procurandum,
exercendum, et etiam exequendum, omnia alia et singula
ipsius collegii negotia, quæ pro ejus tranquillitate, utili-
tate, commodo, et honore occurrerint et fuerint facienda.
Cupientes prætereà quòd sicut præfati scholares
clerici prædictis diversis scientiis et facultatibus inten-
dentes per collationes, communicationes mutuas, ubique
inveniant quod addiscant, et proficientes continuè in
eisdem semper fiant, ut convenit, meliores; sic quoque
multitudinis ipsorum ad unum finem tendentium sit
semper cor unum, et anima una, quòdque per ipsorum
conversationes laudabiles, Deo gratas, eorum corda divini
amoris ignita radiis dilectionis fraternæ fervore, ac mu-
tuæ charitatis dulcedine citiùs ac ferventiùs copulentur,
ut sic, propitiationis divinæ assistente clementiâ, dictum
nostrum collegium tot scientiarum ac facultatum viris
præditum et fulcitum firmiùs, securiùs, quietiùs, atque
fortiùs, in pacis pulchritudine feliciter persistere valeat,
et perpetuò permanere.

Of the anxious care, exactness, and forethought
with which Wykeham provided for the welfare of his
276
[1400.
ST. MARYWINTON COLLEGE
foundation, no better proof can be found than the
history of the statutes themselves. In a letter to
the warden of New College, written about 1386, he
speaks then of his statutes as “ edita, et debitè pro-
mulgata, necnon sociis à multis retroactis temporibus
sæpiùs divulgata”; in 1389, his commissioners deli-
vered the statutes, sealed with Wykeham's seal, to the
warden ; a new edition was received in 1393; the
last, now in use, was dated 1400.
He determined upon founding a society composed of
a warden and seventy fellows; fifty of the latter to be
students in arts or philosophy, and divinity, though
two might study medicine and two astronomy; and
the remaining twenty to be learned in the law, ten as
civilians, ten as canonists; all to be in priests' orders
within a fixed period, except in cases of lawful impe-
diment; there were moreover to be ten conduct-
chaplains, three clerks of the chapel, and sixteen
choristers. By Rubric 58, one of the chaplains was
required to learn grammar and to be able to write,
in order to assist the treasurers in transcribing Latin
evidences.
From this princely and accomplished man, not
only Henry VI at Eton and King's, but subsequent
founders derived the form of their institutions. The
annexation of a college in the university to a depend-
ant school, was followed by Wolsey in his founda-
tion of Cardinal College and Ipswich School ; by Sir
Thomas White at St. John's College and Merchant
Taylors' School; and Queen Elizabeth at Westminster
and Christ Church. Chicheley and Waynflete almost
literally copied his statutes. The institution of col-

1460.]
277
IN OXFORD.
lege disputations, external to the public exercises of
the university, in the presence of deans and modera-
tors; the cotemporaneous erection of a private chapel:
the appropriation of fellowships for the encourage-
ment of students in neglected branches of learning,
were among the more prominent signs of that which
must be viewed more as a creation of a new system,
than as the revival of literature in its decline.
1369 was a year to be remembered by Wykeham-
ists for ever. Antony à Wood has preserved the
history of the first small beginnings of the St. Mary
Winton College in Oxford.
On June 8th, 1369, William of Wykeham, having
obtained a licence of mortmain, purchased and
settled upon New College, two inns in Oxford, called
Trilleck's, with three adjoining gardens on the west
side, and a messuage called Rose Hall, with another
garden. The Bernardines studied in these hostels,
until Chichele built a house for them. New College
spent considerable sums of money in repairs of the
fabric, and in 1460, rebuilt it from the ground: and
from this cause it obtained its present title of New
Inn Hall.
We can never ascertain now the amount of the
founder's gifts to various societies : thus, in the mass
for benefactors of the university of Cambridge, occurs
this entry: “ Item, pro animâ dñi Will' Wycoumbe,
episcopi Wintoniensis.”—Cole's MSS., xxi, p. 128 b.
The founder employed John Buckingham, after-
wards bishop of Lincoln, Sir William de Mulshoe,
sometime dean of St. Paul's, and Sir John de Rowceby,
canon of Abergwilli and St. Patrick's, and rector of

a
278
[1369.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Harlow and Hardwick, clerks, to purchase from the
priory of St. Frideswide, Feb. 10th, 1369, all their
void plots of ground in St. Peter's-Parish-in-the-East,
lying between Hammer Hall (which abutted on the
road from Hert Hall to the site of New College Gate)
on the west, and the town wall on the east, and be-
tween the said wall on the north, and the wall of
Queen Hall on the south, and between the said wall
of the town on the east, and the churchyard of St.
Peter's and the St. Edmund Hall on the west, and
the walls belonging to the tenements of St. John's
Hospital in High Street, between Queen's College
Corner and the East Gate on the south; these plots
contained two roods of ground: in the same year
and month they bought two gardens, containing two
acres, in the same place, from the abbey of Oseney:
also in the same year, from Queen's College, they ob-
tained six void plots of ground containing three roods
of land, lying between Hammer Hall on the west, and
the town wall on the east, and between Hammer
Hall on the north, and the road leading from St.
Nicholas' Hall to St. Peter's Church towards the
west, on the south, and between the town-wall on the
east and the churchyard of St. Peter's: also, 21st
February, a tenement containing two roods of ground
near St. Peter's Church, from the vicar, Nicholas
Redyngs, and the proctors, John Le Marshall and
John Paas: also the moiety of one acre within these
limits, yielding fifteen shillings by the year, from the
abbess and convent of Godstow; also a void plot of
ground from John, son and heir of Robert Whete-
wong, lying between a plot of the abbey of Oseney


a
1378.]
279
IN OXFORD.

and another belonging to St. John's Hospital; also a
plot from Emma, wife of Roger de Ludlow, between
a plot of Oseney and a plot belonging to Queen's
College. Here their hands were stayed.
On February 10th, 1378, John Buckingham and
John de Rowceby, clerks, purchased void plots of
ground lying between Hammer Hall on the west
part, and the town wall on the east, and that wall on
the north, and Queen's College wall on the south.
Also, plots belonging to the Mynchery of Littlemore,
within those limits, on February 25th. Also, on
March 1st, a tenement in St. Peter's parish, between
a tenement lately held by Thomas de Buckland,
vicar of St. Peter's, and a tenement of St. John's
Hospital on the west, from Thomas Gloucester, of
Oxford. Petty vexations from time to time occurred.
John Salvin, escheator of the county of Oxford, ap-
pears with a royal writ, and summons twelve honest
men, to make inquiry, on the Monday before St. John
Baptist's Day 1379, whether it would damage the
king, the town of Oxford, or the feefarm thereof, if
William de Wykeham should enclose these lands,
which he had bought. They, after due inquisition,
made reply, that the warden and fellows of the New
College would bind themselves to keep in repair such
parts of the east and north walls of the town as
should be included within its bounds; and also make
a postern on either side at the furthest limits of the
college, inclosures through which the mayor and
bailiffs once in every three years might enter, to see
,
if the conditions of repairs were observed, and pre-
serve a free passage for the townsmen in time of war,



280
[1379.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
for the defence of Oxford. The common lane and
plots of ground, which were under consideration,
they declared were long time waste, and covered with
refuse and offensive matters—the haunt of murderers,
thieves, and persons of bad repute, where scholars
and other persons were liable to be maltreated, rob-
bed, and slain ; the ground was worth no more than
ten shillings by the acre yearly, and it would be to
the honour and security of the scholars in the Uni-
versity, and to the profit and relief of the town, if
these lands were built over and inhabited. Wyke-
ham paid the burghers of Oxford the large sum of
801. for their eight plots of ground and interest in
the common thoroughfare.
King Richard II gave his royal license for the
foundation of New College, June 30th, 1379, about
twelve days after the inquisition had been made, for
seventy scholars, students in several faculties, and to
be built on the ground which he had already pur-
chased :-
Licentia pquirendi terras in Oxon. ad fundand: Cott.
Will. de Wykeham Epm. Wint. m. 32,
30 Jun.
Pat. 3, R. 2, ps. la.— Licent. Willo de Wykeham
Epo Wint. includendi quosdam locos in Civit. Oxon.
ad edificand. novum Colleg. ibid. 26 Jul, m. 33.
A Papal Bull was procured to the same effect. On
the 1st of August, Wykeham purchased from the
minister and brethren of the Order of the Holy
Trinity, two plots of ground containing one acre,
from the west to the east from Smith-gate within the
walls, to the north-east corner of the wall near Cro
(Cross) well, and from that spot to the east gate of
-
Novum p
1380.]
281
IN OXFORD.

the town. He, on August 1st, obtained a confirma-
tion of the lands which he had bought of Frideswide's
Priory and St. John's Hospital, and of two acres of
ground and a common lane,“ the Slipe”, purchased
from the mayor of Oxford. Also, August 4th, of a
messuage, called Spaldyng Couch, on the west, and
Bole Hall on the east: a necessary preliminary, since
these purchases of lands and tenements had been
made before his deprivation, and therefore might, if
unconfirmed under the royal seal, have been treated as
invalid, and forfeited to the king, as his temporalities
had before been seized. His charter of foundation
was issued under the date November 23rd, 1379;
and letters of attorney were granted to John de
Campeden and Nicholas de Wykeham, to take seisin of
all these lands, tenements, and plots of ground. His
seventy fellows were maintained in halls and hostels,
in Hert, Shule, Hamer, Maiden, and Black Hall,
adjoining. The annual expense of their lodging
amounted to £10:13:4; and commons were allowed
to the value of 1s. 6d. weekly to each member.
On March 5th, 1379-80, at eight o'clock in the
morning, the Founder, being fifty-five years of age
and in the twelfth year of his consecration, laid the
first stone; great mirth and pastime following:-
Erexit igitur titulum et posuit primum lapidem in
Collegio Beatæ Mariæ Winton, in Oxonio Lincoln'
diòce, vulgariter nuncupato Saynt Mary Colledge of
Winchester in Oxford, anno Domini 1379, horâ quartâ
ante meridiem, 5i diei mensis Martii, qui fuit dies lunæ
tertiæ septimanæ Quadragesimæ, anno regni regis
Richardi secundi tertio, ætatis vero dicti patris anno 55,
et consecrationis suæ anno 12.-MS. Hist.

-
282
[1400.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
On April 14th, 1386, the vigil of Palm Sunday, at
nine o'clock in the morning, the warden and fellows
entered in solemn procession, preceded by the cross,
and singing litanies, commending themselves and
their studies to the Almighty :-
Custodum et scholarium et cæterorum prædictorā
primus ingressus ad locū ante dictum, ad inibi habitan-
dum, fuerat horâ tertiâ ante meridiem decimo quarto
die mensis Aprilis, die videlicet sabbati et præcedente
dominicâ in ramis palmarum, anno Domini 1386 cū
cruce erectâ et litaneâ solemniter cantatâ procession-
aliter gradiendo.—MS. Hist.

In 1388, he bought a messuage, called Sheldhall,
from the Nunnery of Stodwell; Maiden Hall, from
University College; and Great or More Hamer Hall,
from Oseney Abbey: he pulled them down, and in
their stead built part of the west and a greater part
of the south cloister, and made the lane leading from
Hart Hall to the college gate. The north cloister
was built on the road from Smith Hall to the north-
east corner of the town wall, hitherto belonging to
the Trinitarians. Pope Boniface gave him licence to
consecrate the Garth as a cemetery ; and three bells
were erected, after being blessed by Robert Calder,
Bishop of Dunkeld, on October 19th, 1400:-
Et eodem xixº die Octobris aº Dni. 1400, fuerunt
iij campanæ majores in turri magnâ sive campanili
collegii juxta dictum Claustrum sive Cemeterium unctæ,
sacratæ,et sanctificatæ per Dnm Dnm Epum Dunkeldensem,
quarum Campanarum maxima dedicata in honore Sæ
Trinitatis ; secunda vero in honore Btæ Mariæ Genitri-
cis Dei; et tertia in honore Sti Johannis Baptistæ et
Stæ Fridiswide Virginis.
1400.]
IN OXFORD.
283

The stables, and the garden on the south side,
were built and made upon lands purchased from
Queen's College and St. John's Hospital. The gram-
mar and music school was built between the west
door of the chapel and the east wall of the cloister.
In 1389, the founder's commissioners visited the
college, received the oaths of the warden and fellows,
and delivered to them the statutes to be observed.
In 1400, another commission came to Oxford for the
same purpose.
Towards the close of the year 1388, the college
had the honour of giving an entertainment to some
of the chief men of the kingdom, as we learn from an
old Computus :
In expensis factis in aulâ custodis tempore consilii
regis, et aliorum dominorum regni, per magistrum Ni-
cholaum de Wykeham, pro tunc custodem, pro diversis
dominis et eorum famulis, vjli. Os. viijd.
Wykeham's former enemy, John of Gaunt, visited
the society in 1393, attended by four knights and a
stately retinue, and was entertained after the fashion
of the time:
In expensis factis pro domino duce Lancastriæ, cum
iiij militibus et aliis multis de familiâ suâ venientibus
ad collegium xiijº die Februarii, viz. in ij libris de
confectis, et dimidio libræ dragetorum (comfits), et vj
lagenis vini, Oli. vjs. xd.
Wykeham, we find, on one occasion was compelled
to address his society with grave censures, for inat-
tention to his statutes, and internal discords.
Lollardism also appears to have penetrated into
New College. The courtiers cast in his teeth, that

T

284
[1399.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
he had raised up a seminary of heresy.
- God for-
bid,” he replied, “ that I should expect that my little
hostel should be happier than the ark of Noah, which
carried a reprobate; or than the house of Abraham,
which contained an Ishmael. What am I, that among
my hundred scholars there should not be an offender,
when a Nicholas was chosen by the Apostles, and in
their company was the traitor.”—Martin, lib. iii, cap.
III, p. 130.
At Eton it was found necessary to make every
fellow take an oath against Lollardism.
In 1399, Cardinal Beaufort was received at a splen-
did banquet in the hall :
Expense Episcopi Winton Beaufort venientis ad
Collegium. 1399.
0 13 0
0 6 8
2 0 2
Cervisia
Una pipa vini
(bovinâ, 0 15 8
vitulinâ, 091
Carne ovinâ, 0 10 9
agnina, 0 5 0
porcinâ, o 18
Porcellis
Caponibus et pulletis
3 cygnis
6 ardeis [herons]
4 egretis (young swa
wans]
5 leguarles (quails ?]
4 coples de rabbets
12 pipionibus [chickens], 6d., oves, 5d.
Dimidium lib. piperis, 4d., et dim. zinzib.
[ginger], 1s. ld.
Croco, 8d., gaviofilo [garlick ?], 1s. 2d., cin-
namomo, ls. 2d.
Maces, 1s., cerasis et vino acrio, 6d. .
Cirpis pro camerâ exteriori
0 2 9
0 8 1
0 13 S
0 8 0
0 4 8
0 1 8
0 1 9
0 11 0
0 5 1
0 3 0
0 1 6
0 0 6
1399.]
IN OXFORD.
285

Catalogus librorum donatorum per Fundatorem in
capellâ, volumina 62, viz.,
Missalia, 12, pulchra notata, 3.
non notata, 9.
Antiphonaria, ii, notata et pleraque cum legendâ
Graduale notatum, jum.
Collectarium, j.
Martyrologia, ij.
De temporali et communi Sanctorum.
Legenda, iij De temporali
Sanctorum.
De communi
Processionalia, xiij.
Ordinale de usu Sarum.
Gradalia, xviij.
Libri Theologici, 136.
Biblia, v; Precium unius, liijs. iiijd.
Libri Sententiarum quinquies, precium unius xxs.
Speculi Historialis, pars iº, ija.
tabula
Augustinus super Psalterium, tribus voluminibus
Gregorii liber moralium, bis.
Homiliæ, bis, pretium unius xiijs. iiijd.
Magister Historiarum, bis, pretium unius et alterius
xxiiij.
Psalterium Glossatum, ter, precium unius xxvjs. viijd.
Epistolæ Pauli quater, pretium unius xxs.
Postillæ super Epistolas Pauli, xls.
Chrysostomus de opere imperfecto in quaterno, bis.
Thomas super Matthæum, Marcum, Lucam et Joannem,
iijus voluminibus
Scotus super lº sententiarum, xxs.
1°
Biblia, Glossata pro majori parte, volumina, xxs.
Precium Geneseos Glossatæ, xxs.
Legendæ Aureæ, ij, precium unius xxs.
De Vita St Thomæ, ter, precium unius vjs. viijd.
Rationale Divinorum
Hugo de Sto Victore
Summa Collationum

T 2

286
[1399.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Prophetia Sibyllarum
Epistolæ Clementis Papæ
Liber Innocentii de Miseriâ conditionis humanæ, cum
multis aliis, xs.
Pars Oculi
Innocentii Papæ liber de mysterio et significantiâ
Paparum, iijs. iiijd.
Numerale, xs.
Augustinus de Civitate Dei, liijs. iiijd.
Thomas super Zum, xs.
Summa Gulielmi Cancellarii Lincoln. xs.
Postilla super Joannem, xiijs. iiijd.
Thomas super lum, xiijs. iiijd.
.
Manipulus Florum, xiiijs. iiijd.
Bartolomæus de prosperitatibus rerum, ijl. xiijs. iiijd.
Thomas super lum et 2um, xxvjs. viijd.
Postilla super Matthæum, xiijs. iijd.
Postilla super Proverb. cum aliis, xxs.
,
Historia Scholastica, xxiijs. iiijd.
Postilla super Parabolas Salomonis, vjs. viijd.
Magister sententiarum, xxs.
Sermones Bernardi
Summa Altisidorensis, xxs.
Augustinus de modo vivendi, cum aliis, xxvjs. viijd.
Liber Ambrosii de bono morbi, cum multis aliis, pre-
cium iijl. xiijs. iiijd.
Haymo super Epistolas Pauli, precium cs.
Thomas
super
2um sententiarum, xs.
Augustinus de
de verbis Domini, cum multis aliis,
xxvjs. viijd.
Bonaventura, xiijs. iiijd.
Sermones Beati Augustini, xxvjs. viijd.
Thomas in Joannem, xs.
Postilla super Isaiam, cum aliis, xiijs. iiijd.
Postilla super Epistolas Pauli, xiijs. iiijd.
Petrus Senonensis, vjs. viijd.
Libri Anselmi, xxvjs. viijd.
Expositio super Apocalypsim, vjs. viijd.

1399.]
287
IN OXFORD.
Odo de Sermonibus, ijs. viijd.
Chronica, xvjs.
Thomas super iijum et iiijum, xs.
in Vitas Patrum, xs.
Liber qui incipit “Attendite”, vjs. viijd.
Homilia Gregorii super Ezechiel
Libri Petri Parisiensis, xiijs. iiijd.
Sermones Parisienses, viijs.
Psalterium Glossatum in Glossam Ordinariam, xxxs.
D' Fischaker super Psalterium, xxxiijs. iiijd.
Idem super i Sententiarum, vjs. viijd.
Stephanus Cantuariensis super Ecclesiasten, in ij vol.,
liijs. viijd.
Biblia versificata, vs.
Postilla super Librum Sapientiæ, iijs. iiijd.
Postilla super Matthæum, js.
Epistolæ Sidonii, js.
Sermones pro diversis temporibus Anni, iijs. iiijd.
Quaternum unum et aliud, iijs.
Augustinus de Correptione et Gratiâ, vjs. viijd.
Distinctiones Bayardi, xiijs. iiijd.
Sermones fratris G. de Tornaio, xs.
Distinctiones fratris Nicolai de Gorrhâ, xiijs. iiijd.
Sermones pro visitationibus, vjs. viiijd.
Legenda Sanctorum.
D' Nottingham super iiijor Evangelistas, vjl. xiijs. iiijd.
Evangelium Matthæi, ijs.
Evangelium Joannis glossatum bis, xs.
Quaternus Sermonum, bis, vs. vid.
Postilla ad Romanos, iijs. iiijd.
Notulus super Biblia, ijs.
Liber de gestis, ijs.
Expositio super Psalterium, vs.
Augustinus de cognitione veræ vitæ, js.
Quodlibet in quaterno, ijs.
Dr Nottingham super iiijor Evangelistas iterùm, in ij
vol. de dono Hen. Whitfield.
Precium totale librorum theologicorum præter gratuitos
sine precio, lxxxijl. xiiijs, iiijd.


288
[1399.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
iij Libri de facultate Philosophiæ, xxxiiij, viz.
Bartholomæus de Proprietatibus Rerum.
Boetius de Consolatione Philosophiæ.
Albertus de Iride, Somno, etc., XVS.
Thomas super libros Ethicorum, xs.
Comentator super libros Physicorum.
bis de Anima, xxs.
Metaphysica.
Cæli et Mundi, bis.
Orgidius super libros Physicorum, xiijs. iiijd.
Dr Burley super Physicos, is.
Commentarii Physicorum abbreviatus, xxd.
Rhetorica Tullii, vs. ex dono Gul. Reade.
Liber Perspectivæ et Politicorum.
Quaternus cum quæstionibus, et Bursley de potentiis
animæ.
Featus naturalis Philosophiæ.
Liber de regimine Principum.
Albertus de vegetatibus.
Textus Phisicæ, xvjs.
Textus Metaphysicorum, xs.
Albertus
super
libros Meteororum, xxvjs. viijd.
Liber de Anima, vd.
Textus naturalis Phisicæ quater, prec. un. xvjs. ; xiijs. ;
xvjs. iiijd.
Expositio Thomæ super Met., xiijs. iiijd.
Quaternus Commentarius super quosdam libros Phi-
sicorum.
Arithmetica Boëthii cum aliis, iiijs.
viiij Partes Dumbledon.
Summa totalis precii præter gratuitos, xviijl. iiis. xd.
In Facultate Medicinæ lii volumina ; Juris Canonici liij
volumina. Precium totale (præter multos gratuitos),
xxxiiil. vs. viijd. Decreta, Decretalia, Textus, et
Doctores Hostiensis, Speculum, persæpè singuli Juris
Civilis, volumina xxxvij. Precium totale præter mul-
tos gratuitos, xvijl. viijs. jd.

1452.]
IN OXFORD.
289
Summa totalis precii assignati præter gratuitos in omni-
bus facti, clil. xjs. viiijd.
The colleges of Wykeham, in common with King's
College, Cambridge, long enjoyed the special privi-
lege, from the Pope, of presenting their fellows for
ordination by what bishops they might please ; and
Bishop Gibson asserts that they are said to be suffi-
cienter dimissi, without letters dimissory: and though
in later times a fellowship in either university has
been reputed a title, yet it is held sufficient only
in that diocese in which the university is situated :
Oxford, for Oxford ; and Ely for Cambridge.
The founder also made a composition with the
university, that the fellows of his house should be
examined for their degrees, and stand for their graces
according to the form of the university, but before
the governors of the society.—Ayliffe’s Ancient and
Present State, etc., P. II, ch. I, vol. i, p. 315.
Scattered incidents of the history of the college are
all that we can gather now.
On January 3rd, 1404, Henry IV commissioned
Richard de Salford, the abbot of Abingdon, to visit
New College, and ejected several of the fellows.
In 1422 the college received the honour of a royal
visit.
New College was excepted, when Dr. W.Lyndwoode,
the famous canonist, official of Canterbury, and the
Chancellor Dr. Thos. Bromis, by order of the primate,
held a visitation of the other colleges in Oxford, “ to
make a close search into heretical pravity”, in 1425.
In 1452, King Henry VI exempted New College,
Merton, and All Souls' College, from paying two

290
[1509.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
--
tenths to the crown. — Wood's History, etc., B. I,
vol. i, p. 598.
In 1479, William of Waynflete empowered the
society of St. Mary Magdalen College, to elect a pre-
sident from the actual or former fellows of New Col-
lege (Rubric 1, MS. Harl., 6282, f. 16 b). So by the
I
first foundation of King Henry VI, the fellows of
Eton College were empowered to choose a Wyke-
hamist for their provost.
Præpositum socii eligere debent de seipsis, aut de so-
ciis collegii regalis, Cant., seu alterius duorum collegio-
rum Beatæ Mariæ Winton. et Oxon.; aut de collegio
Orielensi ; seu de illis, qui aliquandò fuerint et honestè
recedentes.—MS. Ayscough, 4841, f. 155.
In 1488, ten years before the visit of Erasmus, it
is to the honour of New College that in the hall
Cornelius Vitellius, an Italian, read Humanity Lec-
tures, in order to improve the knowledge of the Greek
and Latin languages in the university. — Polydore
·
Vergil, ed. Basil, 1534, p. 610. In 26 Hen. VIII, we
find that a regius prælectorship “in Græcis et huma-
nis”, was endowed with liijs. iiijd. by the year.
1509, Dr. Younge, of New College, was appointed
to arrange the statutes and archives, which were in
disorder.- Wood's Hist., vol., ii, P. II, p. 666.
From the Valor Ecclesiasticus, we learn the amount
of the college revenues, and its expenses during one
year (vol. ii, p. 262-264).
Feb. 1, 26 Hen. VIII.
Summa totalis valoris omnium domaniorum, maneriorum,
terrarum, tenementorum, et aliarum possessionum pre-
dictarum,
d.cccc.lxixl. vs. vd. q.
1509.]
291
IN OXFORD.

Indè in reprisiis perpetuis et annualibus ut particulari-
ter patet superiùs, xxiiijxijl. vijs. Od. ob. q.
Et valent clarè, dccc.lxxvjl. xviijs. iiiid. ob.
Nomina et numerus omnium personarum in dicto
collegio cum eorum communibus.
Johannis London. xll.
lxx Socii et scholares, singuli capientes lxixl. iiijd.
ccxliil. xiijs. iiijd.
x Sacellani conductitii capientes singuli, lxixs. iiijd.
Rob. Couche informator choristarum et pulsantis or-
gana, capiens lxixs. iiijd.
Summa, xxxviijl. ijs. viijd.
iij Clerici conductitii, cotidiè in divinis officiis minis-
trantes, capientes pro communibus suis singuli juxta
ratam xiid. per septimanam, per annum liis.
Mancipium : ii pincerne ; iii coci ; ii, janitor et barbi-
tonsor ; i lator librorum : i ortulanus ; i equester ;
singuli, liis.
Summa, xxxvjl. viijs.
xvi Choriste ad xd. per septimanam singuli, xliijs. iiijd.
Summa, xxxiiijl. xiijs. iiijd.
Summa fæderum et elemosinarum annuatim distribut
arum, clxl. vijs. ijd.
Sic remanent clare in omnibus, dccxvjl. xjs. ijd. ob.
Stipendia perpetua diversarum personarum dicti
collegiï ex ordinacione fundatoris ejusdem.
Vice custodis, liijs. iijd.
iii Bursariorum vel dispensatorem cujuslibet eorum xiijs.
iiijd. per annum,
xls.
x Sacellanorum cujuslibet eorum, liijs. iiijd. per annum:
inter quos unus est sacrista, capiens xxs.: et alius pre-
centor, capiens xiijs. iiijd. per annum pro suo officio,
xxviijl. vjs. viijd.
Informatoris choristarum, cvjs. viijd.
iij Clericorum, lxs.
Unius communis ministri dirigentis organa et horologium
necnon latoris librorum, xvis. viijd.


292
[1509.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
XXS.
Unius registrarii scribentis omnia acta et gesta in dicto
collegio, xxvjs. viijd.
j mancipii sive provisoris victualium, xls.
Superioris pincernæ sive promi, xxs.
· Inferioris
viijs.
Superioris coci, lxvjs. viijd.
ijdi
iij
xvjs.
Equestri sive custodi equorum, xxvjs. viijd.
Ortulani, xxs.
Communis lotricis, Is.
Superioris janitoris et barbitonsoris, xxs.
Inferioris
xiijs. iiijd.
Summa, lviijl. xs. viijd.
Liberata empta ex ordinacione ejusdem Fundatoris per
annum.
Pro custode, lxx sociis et scholaribus, x sacellanis, iij
clericis, informatore choristarum, xvj choristarum et
aliis servientibus sive ministris predictis communibus
annis, cxxl.
Annuæ expense necessariæ factæ in ecclesiâ dicti collegii.
Pane, vino celebrantium ; cerâ, capis, vestimentis, super-
pelliceis, et aliis necessariis, xxxl.
Domo custodis :
Diversis utensilibus restaurandis, reparandis et emendis
pro aulâ, promptuario, et coquinâ, xls.
Communi aulâ :
Mensalibus, poculis, candelis, et aliis necessariis,
cxiijs. iiijd.
Promptuario :
Situlis, ollis terreis, ac aliis necessariis emptis, xls.
Communi coquinâ :
Discis electrinis, ollis, et patellis æneis, ac aliis vasis
reparandis et emendis, iiijl.
Stabulo :
Feno: avenâ ; fabis ; pisis; equino stramine; sellis ;
1559.)
IN OXFORD.
293

frenis, et aliis necessariis pro stabulo et equis, pro
custode, sociis, et famulis equitantibus in negociis
collegii, necnon equis emptis, xxiiij.
Focalibus :
Lignis, carbonibus, fassiculis et aliis focalibus emptis
pro communi aulâ, coquinâ, domo barbitonsorum, et
aliis locis, xxxs.
Dietâ :
Pro dietis generalium receptorum, seneschalli, et audi-
torum et ballivorum, xxl.
Reparacione diversarum domorum in precinctis collegii
et tenementorum infra villam Oxoniæ et civitatem
Londonii, xll.
Reparacione diversorum domaniorum, maneriorum, et
domorum collegii in domaniis et maneriis forin-
secis, lxvjl. xiijs. iiijd.
Expensis factis in lege, in prosecutione diversorum ho-
minum pro causis collegii una cum fædis diversorum
legisperitorum retentorum de consilio collegii, xl.
Tanner reckons its annual revenues at 4871. 78. 8d.;
Brian Twyne, at 8871. 7s. 8d.
In 1566, on September 2nd, Queen Elizabeth,
attended by many noblemen, and Don Guzman de
Silva, dean of Toledo, the Spanish ambassador, visited
the college : George Coryat, B.A., the poet, and
William Reynolds, B.A., received Her Majesty at the
gates with an oration ; the former “received for his
pains half a sovereign".-Wood's History, etc., bk. 1,
vol. ii, P. II, p. 159.
New College was highly distinguished during the
visit to the university. When the Queen entered the
city from Woodstock, at six o'clock in the evening,
Robert Deale, one of the fellows, received her in the
name of the scholars of Oxford, with a Latin oration
at the north gate or Bocardo; warden White and eight


294
[1559.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
heads of houses, were in her train ; and the warden
was selected as one of four to bear the canopy over
her head, when her majesty entered the cathedral of
Christchurch. On Sept. 1st, Mr. Harris, fellow of
New College, preached before her in St. Mary's; and
upon the gates, on September 3rd, when the court
attended to hear disputations held in the university
church, Mr. Neale, another Wykehamist, hung an
admirable map of Oxford, with appropriate verses
attached to each college.--Ibid., p. 160.
On August 23rd, 1605, the Earl of Dorset, Lord
Treasurer, and Chancellor of Oxford, became a guest
of the college. On August 26th, the Lord Chamber-
lain and a great company of nobleman dined in the
warden's lodge. On August 29th, a royal feast,
“ with incomparable music”, was given in the hall to
King James I, the queen, and the English Marcellus,
Henry Prince of Wales, attended by a large number
of the nobility. The fellows and scholars, arrayed in
hood and gown, were all drawn up to receive the
royal visitors, who came from Magdalen College.
The king, his consort, and the prince, occupied the
middle seat at the high table: among their retinue
were these young noblemen— the Earls of Oxford
and Essex, and the Viscounts Cranburn, Sheffield,
and Harrington.- Wood, Hist., B. I, vol. ii, P. II,


p. 286.
In 1607, a dispute occurred between the regents
of the University and the fellows of New College,
about their presentation for a degree, without asking
their grace from the University. The cause was
brought before the Chancellor Bancroft, who ruled in
1559.]
295
IN OXFORD.

favour of New College,-the custom having prevailed
more than two hundred years (Wood's Annals, B. I,
vol. ii, P. 11, p. 292). In November 1834, the college
surrendered their privilege of presenting its members
for degrees, without passing the usual schools' examin-
ation, while it retained its right of exemption from
any supplication. The act came into effect after the
election in 1836. King's College, Cambridge, gave
up a similar right in 1851.
The correspondence in Latin, between the college
and chief member of the government, on this subject,
will, we trust, prove interesting to our readers.
Illustrissime Comes,-A te principium, tibi desinimus,
liceat enim nobis omniū jam difficultatū scopulos præ-
tervectis hanc tibi vere nostro Neptuno quasi vo-
tivam tabulam consecrare. Nam quòd collegio nostro
Wintoniensi de dignissimo custode, viro nostrûm om-
nium votis ardentissimis expetito sine tumultu aliquo
aut molestiâ fælicissimè prospectum sit, id quidem vestro
potissimū munere effectum esse et iam nunc agnosci-
mus, animisq gratissimis in æternum agnoscemus. Quod
quidē imortale beneficiū, etsi Tibi fortasse, cui bene-
merendi consuetudo in naturam prope transiit, leve aut
exiguum videri possit, eâ tamen animi promptitudine
erat conditum, ut nobis non amore magis quàm stupore
dignum videatur : eâque spe futuræ benevolentiæ con-
junctum, ut non magis præsenti fruamur, quàm futurâ
oblectemur. Incredibilem hanc animi tui erga nos pro-
pensionem cùm diuturna experientia satìs apertè con-
firmavit, tum verò eodem sigillo nobis quasi obsignare
visus es, quo literas illas, quas omnis humanitatis ple-
nissimas à dominatione vestrâ nuper accepimus. Dici
quidem solet epistola mutus esse nuncius. Hæc autem
tua amorem et benevolentiam non loquebatur modò, sed
personabat, hunc olebat tota, hunc spirabat, hunc totum

296
[1609,
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
præ se ferebat. Beâsti nos, insignissime heros, beâsti
nos his unis literis tuis, qui jam non magis gloriamur
Wicchamo Fundatore quàm Te studiorum nostrorū pa-
trono et Mæcenate. Beâsti menia nostra et parietes,
quibs tu maiorem benevolentiam, quàm alii ipsis Literis
et Musis, declarâsti. Beâsti deniſ Wicchamū nostrum,
qui Te tam uberem omniū virtutū ac eruditionis messem
ipsius culturæ acceptam ferre gratiosè profiteris. Quàm
impares simus tanto amori referendo et facilè sentimus
et libenter prædicamus. Quòd si tamen tam singulare
tuū studiū gratissimâ animorū nostrorū devotione ali-
quâ ex parte compensari possit, spondemus, adeoſ
sanctè in nos recipimus, nunquam eos nobis defuturos,
qui et præsentem tuam gratiam debitè predicare, et
sequentem seduld demereri studeant. Votorum deniſ
nostrorū per Te iam facti compotes, Deum Opt. Max.
votis obtestamur ut Te, fidissimum regis Nestorem, uni-
cum Reip. Atlantem, nostri verò collegii honoratissimū
Mæcenatem, regi, reipub. nobis quàm diutissimè inco-
lumem conservet. Amplitudini vestræ devotissimi.
Wickhamici Oxonienses.
Illustrissimo Domino, Dno Henrico Howardo, Comiti
Northanton. ; Custodi privati Sigilli, quinq' por-
tuu' gardiano, Cancellario Academiæ Cantabrigi-
ensis, et regiæ Matis prudentissimo Consiliario.
(Cotton MS., Titus, C. vj, p. 157.)
Quod semper polliceri nobis visa est tum virtus et
humanitas, tum propensissima in nos voluntas tua, litera-
torum nobilissime, nobilium literatissime, comes, id in eâ,
quæ cum magistris quibusdum academiæ nostræ de pri-
vilegio nobis erat, controversiâ non ita pridem abundè
præstitit. Perfecisti enim, perfecisti rem et tuâ virtute
nam et nostrâ omnium, qui sumus erimusſ, memoriâ
sempiternâ. Veterem huius collegii nomine, magis quàm
re Novi, libertatem propugnasti, et ab injuriis quorundā
juvenum rebus novis in academiâ temerè studientium
vindicasti.
Moribus antiquis stat res nostra, neſ nostra modò privata
1609.)
297
IN OXFORD.

res, sed academica, sed publica. Næ tu igitur antiquâ
laude dignissimus es, cui nihil est antiquius quàm hos
,
antiquos mores defendere et stabilire. Quòd si non
minor est virtus quàm quærere parta tueri, non minùs
profectò tibi debetur cuius virtute conservatum, quàm ei
cuius operâ primò nobis acquisitum est hoc privilegium.
O utinam aut noster fundator Wicchamus, aut tuus præ-
ceptor Whitus jam revivisceret. Quales quantas illi tibi
gratias pro tali tanto in collegium suum beneficio red-
derent! sed hi jam mortui sunt. Nunc igitur pul-
cerrima primū pro facto pulcerrimo vobis præmia.
Pii moresī dabunt vestri. Nos etiam quod habemus
tibi damus, animos nimirum et linguas, animos fu-
turos in æternum tibi devotissimos, et huius maximè
beneficii memores ; linguas verò ad laudes virtutum
tuarum celebrandas inter homines, et preces pro
salute tuâ fundendas apud Deum, ut pergat tibi bene-
dicere, quemadmodum Tu nobis benefacere, ut cùm
sūmos tibi dederit in hâc vitâ honores, vitam in honori-
bus longam et in cælo sempiternā det. Dat. Oxon è
collegio nostro ad 13as calendas Maii, aº Dni 1609.
Amplitudinis vestræ studiosissimi,
Custos et Socii Collegii Beatæ Mariæ
Winton' in Oxon.
To the right honourable my verie good Lorde the
Earle of Northampton, L. Warden of the Cinque
Ports, and one of the LLS of His Maties most
honourable Privie Counsill.

De Te, Comes illustrissime, cum respub. tota literæq.
sibi et literati omnes, tum verò nos præ omnibus meritò
gratulari nobis et possumus et debemus. Tu enim, Pla-
tonici nostri regis ad exemplum aliàs rarissimum, senator
verè Platonicus ad Reipub. clavum sedes. Tu literarū
gemmas, ab aliis non insolenter magis quàm turpiter
protritas et contemptas in aureo illo antiquæ nobilitatis,
et honoris amplissimi splendore, gloriæ tibi et ornamento
futuras indicasti. Hinc ille in literatos omnes tantus
amor tuus, tanta liberalitas et munificentia emanayit.

298
[1607.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Nos autem Wicchamicos præ reliquis Musarum culto-
ribus pro eâ, quâ clarissimi præceptoris tui eximii,
quondam collegiorum Wicchamicorū ornamenti episcopi
Wintoniensis, memoriam prosequeris, pietate, dignatus
es benevolentiæ ulmis arctiùs complecti. Eâ freti que-
relas nostras in tuum sinum effundere, Te in.causâ pub-
licâ patronum nobis appellare non veremur. Ità verò
se res habet ut cum magistris quibusdam academiæ
nostræ controversia nobis sit de privilegio, quod ab ipsis
(ut verisimile est) incunabulis collegii maioribus nostris
aut ab academiâ concessum, aut a principibus indultum,
ad nos per longam annorum seriem summâ cum tran-
quillitate transmissum est. Illud cum ipsâ suâ canitie
penè sanctum crederemus, hâc demum ætate reperti
sunt qui convellere conarentur. Consuetudinem quæ ut
in privatâ re singulis altera natura, sic in Repub. uni-
versis altera lex est, nihili faciunt. Unanimem totius
academiæ consensum annos supra ccos continuatam parvi
pendunt,cornicum oculos confixuri sunt,ac si iam tandem
ipsi saperent (si diis placet) soli, maiores antehac deliras-
sent omnes. Non dubitamus quin ista consuetudinem an-
tiquarum impugnatio viris cordatis et prudentioribus vel
ipso nomine suspecta sit, et juvenalem quandam temeri-
tatem sapiat. Nam gravis Antenor Priamusque, hoc est
reverendi doctores et collegiorum præfecti, queis ætas
longa magistra fuit, nec auctores nec fautores tam præ-
cipitis consilii; Sed Paris et fratres, sed juvenes quidam
ferocientes vel ob æmulationem, ne dicamus invidiam,pri-
vilegiorum comitem, vel quòd aliquid novum et memo-
rabile in annuo suo imperio moliendum sibi crederent,
quo famosi apud posteros fierent, certamen hoc non
magìs contra nos quàm contra suos maiores susceperunt. .
Et hi sunt præclari antiquarum consuetudinum emenda-
tores. Ætas præpostera! in qua magestelli doctoribus,
adolescentuli senibus videri sapientiores volunt. Nos
vero privilegia nova non ambimus ; aliena non arroga-
Hoc iniquum, illud invidiosum. Sed antiqua
defendere, sed nostra retinere pro virili contendimus.
mus.
1633.]
299
IN OXFORD.

Antiqua verò antiquare velle quàm est inusitatum! nostra
nobis eripere quàm injuriosum! ad hanc igitur injus-
titiam prohibendam, ad hanc injuriam propulsandam,
vestræ amplitudinis adjutricem dexteram humilitèr im-
ploramus; ut quod majoribus nostris antiquitùs datum,
id nobis jam ratum fiat: ne novitiis quibusdam magistris
integrum sit pro suâ libidine nobis de nostro jure nego-
tium ulteriùs facessere. Id et posse Te (quæ tua est
apud reverendissimum Cancellarium nostrum auctoritas)
et velle (quæ in nos egregia et propensa voluntas) certò
confidimus. Ità pollicemur nos (quæ sola est liberalium
artium liberalitas) Tui observantissimos, præconis no-
minis Tui vocalissimos,et assiduos apud Deum pro salute
tuâ futuros precaturos. Ita Te Optimus Maximus lumen
et columen reipublicæ, literarum decus et præsidium,
nostrum deniſ (liceat hoc nomen arrogare) patronū;
reipub. literis, nobisſ diu incolumem tueatur. Honorifi-
centiæ vestræ ad omnia imperia et obsequia devotissimi

Wicchamici Oxoniensis.
To the Rt. Hon. our verie good lord ye earl of
Northampton, etc., Privie Seale, E. B. Dat. è
Coll. Novo Oxon, 60 Octobris, Aº 1608.
(Cotton MS., Titus, c. vi, f. 160-1.)
His royal highness Prince Frederick Ulric, the
eldest son of the Duke of Brunswick, was received at
New College on May 6th, 1610; the congratulatory
addresses were printed.
In 1625, the college chambers were vacated for
the use of the members of Parliament, which met
here owing to the plague raging in London.
In 1633, by desire of Laud, then the chancellor,
the University statutes were revised and re-arranged;
the chief persons employed upon the work were
Wykehamists—Warden Pinke, Dr. James, keeper of

U

300
[1649.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
the Bodleian Library, and Dr. Zouch, principal of
St. Alban's Hall.
In 1648 and 1649, the Puritan warden procured
the expulsion of a large number of the fellows:—for
instance, on June 30th, four; on July 8th, seventeen;
on October 2nd, in the former year, one; on June
2nd, 1649, thirteen ; and on June 23rd, fourteen
members of the foundation. No less than 5,000 trees
on the college farms were cut down, principally at
Stanton St. John.—Wood's History, etc., B. 1, vol. ii,
P. II, p. 596.
The following custom, continued till the period of
the “great rebellion”, is recorded in Peshall's Oxford,
p. 279; ed. Lond. 1773:-
On Ascension Day, the fellows of New College, after
their grave and wonted manner, early in the morning
used to walk to St. Bartholomew Chapel, where they
entered the chapel, being ready decked and adorned
with the seasonable fruits of the year, and being seated,
the chaplain of this place used more anciently to read a
psalm and chapter allotted for the day. This ended,
the fellows sung an hymn or anthem, of five or six
parts, then the second lesson was read; after which,
another hymn sung, or else a collect for the day, con-
sisting of as many parts. Then they went up to the
altar, where stood a vessel decked with tuttyes (nose-
gays), and therein offered a piece of silver, to be divided
among
the
poor men.
The chapel service or ceremo-
nies ended, they walked in procession to a well called
Stockwell, at the upper end of the grove adjoining,
which, with the way from the chapel thereto, used
anciently to be strewed with flowers, where being fixed
after an Epistle and Gospel, as was sometimes used,
they in the open place, like the ancient druids, echoed
and warbled out from the stately arbours harmonious
1649.]
301
IN OXFORD.

66
melody, consisting of several parts then most in fashion.
But for several times, about twenty-four years ago,
they commonly sung an “ Oriana”, or else one of Mr.
J. Welby's songs of three parts, beginning thus, “Hard
by a crystal fountain”; which done, each man departed
home.
“Within these sixty years,” says Mr. Wood,
they only sung the collect of the day of divers parts,
which done, they go up to the grove.” In their pro-
cession to the hospital, they went the lower way, in the
old London road ; but in their return to Oxford, through
the Divinity walk, along the upper road, down past
Heddington Hill. The procession was changed from
the Feast of SS. Philip and James to May Day; and
again, owing to interruptions from the students of Mag-
dalen and Oriel, to Holy Thursday.

In Loggan's bird's-eye view of the college, the
massive tower, the girdle of embattled city defences
on the north and east, and the high walls towards
the lane, the idea conveyed to the mind is that of a
strong building destined to resist any attack from
without: a provision demanded for the safety of the
inmates, in times when the University was subject to
the feuds of turbulent scholars amongst themselves,
or with their common enemy, “ the town”, and the
country was in an unsettled state.
The approach to New College impresses the mind
of the visitor with a feeling of disappointment: a
close narrow lane, bordered by the blank cloister-
wall, with its high pitched roof and broad eaves, and
the humble enclosures of the exterior courts of All
Souls' College, lead him to expect an undignified
building: the entrance gateway tower, disfigured by
modern sash windows, fails at first sight to remove
the unpleasing impression. Yet, upon a closer in-

:
U 2

302
[1675.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
spection, there are the remains of ancient stateliness;
the portal ample, and the roof richly groined; the
canopied niches, containing the statues of St. Mary
in her annunciation, the angel Gabriel, and the
Founder at his devotions, reassure him. He passes on
into the spacious quadrangle, 168 feet in length, and
129 feet in width; it reminds him at once of St.
Mary's Winton; but here a third and battlemented
story has been added. The addition was made by
Dr. Colepepper. The square-headed sashes, miser-
ably uniform, looking without the college, were added
in the reign of King Charles I; those towards the
quadrangle were opened in 1675. Still, so well has
the new work been managed, that even experienced
architects have been in doubt whether it did not
form part of the original building of the founder,
which was finished between the years 1380 and 1386.
On every side are the indications of a great genius;
the architect who could raise that grand and regular
court, the high imposing range of the chapel and
hall, on the north side, sheltering the quadrangle
from bleak winds, and reflecting the warm sun-rays
in the winter-time — the artist, and man of taste,
combining towers, pinnacles, graduated elevations,
buttresses, and polygonal turrets, with the square
fronts, and thus mingling picturesqueness and orna-
ment with solidity and due proportion, and affording
opportunity for ever-varying effects of light and
shade. All is in keeping and harmony; all wears
the aspect of a simple grandeur.
The arrangement of the chambers has been pre-
served to us. The warden resided in the Great Gate-
-

LE
J. Le Keurs
F Mackenzie
NEW COLLEGE CHLAPEL

1688.]
303
IN OXFORD.

i
way tower; his windows commanded a view of all
the principal portions of the college, especially from
a superb oriel window, between the entrance and the
chapel. The following pictures are in the warden's
lodge: the Founder; and William of Waynflete, and
our Lord bearing his cross, the gift of Warden Ryves;
Abraham offering to Melchisedech ; Robert, Earl of
Leicester, Chancellor of Oxford ; Cecil; Henry VIII;
Prince Henry; Peters; Robert Sydney, Earl of Lei-
cester; Bishop ; a head of our Lord; Dr.
Dobson ; Bishop Jewell ; Richard Whittington, Lord
Mayor; the Wardens Bigg, Nicholas, Beeston (æt. 57,
1688, Gandy fec.), Pinke, and Oglander; Dr. Wood,
rector of Hardwicke; Bishop Ken; and two other
portraits, anonymous. An ancient and beautiful salt-
cellar is also preserved, which was the gift of War-
den Hyll: it bears the legend“ Aquæ stabunt super
montes, 1493.” Thirteen chambers, of which three-
the Star, the Chaplains', and the Chamber of Three
-contained three, and the remainder four beds, each,
were allotted to the accommodation of the members of
the society. The larger rooms were called the Vine,
the Baptist's Head, the Conduit, the Crane's dart, the
Vale, the Cock, the Christopher, the Serpent's head,
the Green post, and the Rose. Two principal and one
small truckle bed, which could be slid under the larger,
and small studies attached, formed the chief feature in
each chamber. The chaplains and clerks slept under
the hall. The muniment tower, of four stories in
height, is in the south-east angle of the court. The
bursar's audit-room was on the north side of the
eastern gateway; the small room over against the



304
[1493.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
hall-doors was the smaller audit-chamber for the
weekly accounts.
Rubrica lii. In the upper rooms three fellows or
scholars were to live : in the lower rooms “iiij fenes-
tras et iiij studiorum loca habentes”, four fellows or
scholars, except “in inferiori camerâ, juxta cameram
in orientali angulo collegii situatâ”, wherein three
only were to be. Camera subtus librariam ex parte
boreali orientalis portæ quadrati” was to be used for
the audits; the weekly and lesser audits were to be
held “in camerâ ex opposito ostio magnæ aulæ situ-
atâ”, containing the statute-chest of the college. One
elder fellow was to preside in each room.
66 In came-
ris quæ sunt subtus aulam in fine versus orientem”
the priests and ministers of the chapel were to reside;
for their convenience the following excellent order
was given.
Item : quià subtus aulam prædictam, quæ in modum
solarii desuper terram elevata et ædificata consistit, plures
diversæ cameræ ordinantur, in quibus scholares, vel socii
dicti nostri collegii, necnon sacerdotes clerici et ministri
et alii in capellâ ipsius collegii servire debentes morari,
jacere, quiescere, ac etiam studere debebunt ... Nos
verò ipsorum utilitati pariter et quieti prospicere cu-
pientes, omnes luctationes, choræas, tripudia, saltus,
cantus, clamores, tumultus, et strepitus inordinatos,
aquarum, cervisiæ, aliorumque liquorum omnes effu-
siones, ludos quoque tumultuosos, et alias insolentias
quascunque in aulâ vel capellâ prædictâ ullo unquam
tempore fieri districtiùs prohibemus, per quæ vel eorum
aliquod præfati studentes, sacerdotes, et alii in dictis
cameris commorantes ab ipsorum studio, dormitione,
tranquillitate, requie vel quiete, quomodolibet poterint
impediri: seu aliàs in libris, vestibus, aliisque rebus suis
damnum sustineant, vel gravamen, seu per quæ aula ipsa
1789.
305
IN OXFORD.

in ipsius ornatu vel fabricâ, deorsùm vel superiùs, intrà
vel extrà, in aliquâ suâ parte deturpetur, læsionemve
seu damnum aliquod patiatur.
3
Over the scullery was the apartment of the under-
cook, who thus could watch the Wolvesey postern at
night: the room of the manciple communicated
directly with the butteries and cellars; the porter's
yard lay between the chapel and the refectory. The
lodge of the sacristan, with a strong room for the
reception of the sacred plate, adjoined the chapel ; its
two windows were pierced in the city walls; by cross-
ing a small court he could command at all times
access to a staircase leading to the detached belfry-
tower, which was removed to a distance from the
chapel, to prevent any injury to the walls from the
vibration when the bells were ringing : its massive
strength harmonises well with the defences of the
city walls.
The third story of the quadrangle, to the great
detriment of the proportions of the gateway and area,
was commenced in Dr. Colepepper's time; in the be-
ginning of the reign of King Charles I, uniform win-
dows, looking towards Queen's College, were added;
in 1675 the society had the windows on the side of the
quadrangle made similar to those in the lower story.
A leaden statue of Minerva, the gift of Henry Parker,
Esq., of Honnington, co. Warwick, in 1690, stood
in the middle of the quadrangle, in which was laid
down a grass-plot in 1789, and the statue sold, the
proceeds being applied to the use of the library.
The library, indicated by a dip in the string-course,
occupies the greatest portion of the eastern side of




306
[1675.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
p. 31.”
the quadrangle. Bishop Rede gave one hundred
volumes, of which fifty-seven were on theology, to
this college. Warham, in 1508, gave twenty books,
and Dr. Woodward, in 1675, five hundred folio
volumes. Tanner says that there is “ Catalogus
CCCXXIII Codd. MSS. in bibl. Coll. Novi Oxon. in
Catal. MSS. Angl. et Heb. Oxon. 1647. Tom, i, P. 11,
".
In 1675 the divisions of this room into arts and
law MSS. were removed, and an additional story
added above. They are seventy feet long by twenty-
two in breadth. The present arrangement was made
by Mr. Wyatt.
The staircase, between the upper and lower libra-
ries, is adorned with architectural elevations of the
Pyramids of Egypt, made by Reveley, and given to
the society by William Ottway, Esq. In the British
Museum are Catalogue of MSS. in the College Library,
A.D. 1655 (MS. Harl. 695, f. 520, 552), and an Index
(Tanner's) of MSS. New College (Add. MSS., 6261).
Pointer says that in 1690 there were three hundred
and twenty manuscripts in the library. (Academia,
etc., p. 45.) “The armes in New Colledge in Oxford”,
are recorded in MS. Harl. 1754, f. 56.
At the same period the wainscotted law library
was converted into a common room; the apartment
called “ the Chequer”, so styled from some peculiar
ornament or device, or from being the place of pay-
ment of rents or service, is now used as a morning-
room by the fellows. In the bursary, on one of the
window panes, is a bursar's rebus; a well-known
Hampshire bird, the pewit, quasi,“ Pay it”; with the
1461.]
307
IN OXFORD.
a
motto, “Redde quod debes”. In the common room
is preserved a valuable ancient full-length portrait of
the Founder. In the hall is another; and a third is
in the warden's lodge, painted on panel, and given
to the society in 1747 by a descendant of Warden
Skinner. Some of the more interesting entries in the
books of accompt are subjoined.
1393. In expensis magistrorum Johannis Haseley et Ro-
berti Keton equitantium Londinum ad dom. Fundato-
rem pro statutis reformandis, à 2dº die Maii per x dies
continuò sequentes, xviijs. vid.
1399. Sept. 29th. Pro scripturâ libri statutorum, vs.; pro
ligaturâ eorundem, viijd.; pro pergameo empto per
volunt legant bona coll. inserend', xviiijd. lectis
conductis pro eâdem camerâ, 6d.; pabulo equorum
et cibo garcionis (groom] in villâ, 21. 13s. 7d. ; datis
servientibus epis. 41. 88. 8d.
1422. Aug. 31st. Expensæ factæ circa Rob. Driffield et
benefactorum loci, in refectionibus per duos dies et in
vino propter exilitatem cervisiæ. In cænâ factâ decano
S. Pauli, London., misso
per
dom.
regem
ad coll. ad
videndum et audiendum divina officia inibi celebrata
et reportandum ea prædicto dno regi, ijs. vjd. Pro
chirothecis in adventu cardinalis episcopi Sarum.

The gift of Oxford gloves, with a deep fringe of
gold, and turnovers wrought with pearl, was thought
worthy of King James I; and a plainer pair were
presented to William III by the university.

In carriagio librorum, caparum vestimentorum et
aliorum ornamentorum, et jocalium collegii ad Oxo-
niam pro missâ ibidem celebrandâ in præsentiâ dni
regis et reportatione eorundem, iiijs. vijd,
1461, March 4th. Cust. forins. pro jentaculo dato episcopo
Sidonis in tempore consecrationis altaris in capellâ,xxd.

308
[1559.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
vinæ pro
-
1470. Pro quâdam refectione datâ scholaribus Aulæ Cer-
labore suo in extinctione ignis in domo novâ,
iijs. iijd.; de Joannâ Long de Weeden pro licentiâ
maritandi quia filia nativi, 6s. 8d.
1486. De oblationibus ad intra coram imagine Beatæ
Mariæ in capellâ, 32s.; Joh. Phillips laboranti circa
gradus capellæ borealis et australis capellæ ; pro
annulis et cortinis in novis capellis et quæ pertinent
ad ædificationem earum.
1509. Pro recenti salmone dato abbati de Evesham, 3s. 8d.;
pro unâ sectâ vestimentorum de rubeo panno aureo
pro festis principalibus, 621. 6s. 4d.
1530. In adventu episcopi Winton.—Pro victualibus ;
pro ferinâ, pane, speciebus pro stipendio adventûs,
61. 13s. 8d. ; coquo ejus principali, 6s. 3d. ; famulo
coqui, xxd.; registrario cancellario episcopi pro regar-
do in chirothecis, xxs.; pro grano avenis—291. 2s. 3d.:
pro 5 virgatis præter le nayle de panno aureo, 81. ;
pro tribus baculis rectorum in choro, 121. ; pro thecâ
pro iisdem, 6s.; pro brasill (red dye) et pro facturâ,
ns. 9d.
1530. Pro uno remo papiri, 2s.6d.; custodi aulæ, 381.7s.6d.
(viz. wainscotted, as provided for); anno prædicto, pic-
tori pingendo scripturas in aulâ, tribus diebus, 1s. 6d.;
pro vino dato Galario Hispano oratione ab eo factâ in
aulâ die S. Joannis, 9d.
1535. Pro capis iiijor holosericis
121
sericis
7s4d.
Doctori Smith capienti ex mandato regio stipendium
publicæ lecture in theologiâ. Doctori Cotes et Doct
Broade
pro
lectione suâ, 51s. 4d.
1541. Doctori Broade pro lecturâ theologiæ, 51s. 4d. ; lec-
toribus dialectices, juris civilis et Græcæ, 171. 13s. 4d.;
occidenti sorices in cubiculis sociorum et aliis locis
collegii, 2s.; Doctori Olivario pro lectione suâ in
physicâ ab Annunciatione ad festum S. Joannis, xs. ;
pro mappâ mundi, 12s.; pro le framing duarum map-
parum mundi, 16d.
1559. Pro pulsatoribus in adventu reginæ, 7s.

cis }
}
coloris } albi, 12. 78.40
1624.]
309
IN OXFORD.

The expenses incurred by the college in receiving
royal visitors, may be gathered from the following
extracts out of Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, No. xvii,
p. 190. The old rents of the colleges, according to
which they were taxed for the entertainment of the
queen.—34 Eliz. Ch. Ch., 2,0001.; Magdalen, 1,2001.;
New Coll., 1,0001.; All Souls, and Corpus Christi, each
5001. In 1596 the rate was for Christchurch, at 2,0001.,
301. ; Magdalen, at 1,8001., 181. ; New College, at
1,1001., 161. 128. : in 1684 it was rated at 1,0001.-
MS. Harl., 6282, f. 83.
“ 1624. Mr. Warden, when provided for in kind,
never stinted at any rate.”

All Hallow's Day. For Mr. Sub-Warden. Ist course :
mutton and white broth ; rost beefe, ls. 6d. ; 2 minced
;
pies, 28.; a pig, 1s. 6d. ; udder and tongue, 8d. ; 1 ca-
pon, 1s. 6d. ; a custard, ls. 6d. ; veale, a breast, 1s. 6d.
;
Second course : 2 rabbets, ls. 3d. ; 1 partridge, 1s. ; 4
snipes, 1s.; 12 larkes, 6d.; 1 warden pie, 2s.6d.; 1 tart,
1s. 6d. ; in wine, viz., a pint for grace-cup, 2s. 2d. ; in
sugar, a quarter, 4d.
For Mr. Deanes. First course : mutton and white
broth; rost beefe, ls. 6d. ; 2 minced pies, 28. ; 2 fore-
quarters of a pig, and a head, xd.; 1 custard, ls. 6d.;
a mess of veale, 8d. Second course : a capon, 1s. 6d. ;
2 rabbets, ls. 3d. ; 12 larks, 6d. ; a tart, 1s. 6d. ; wine,
a quart of sacke, 1s. ; claret, 8d.
For Masters and Bachelors of Law: stewed mutton
and broth; roast beefe, Is. 6d.; a minced pie, ls.;
halfe a pig, 9d. and a head; a mess of veale, 8d. Second
course: a capon, 1s. 6d.; two rabbits, ls. 3d.; a cus-
tard, ls. 6d.; a tart, 1s. 6d. ; wine, ls. 8d.

а
On Christmas Day, Twelfth Day, and Candlemas,
called “ Great Pie Gawdies”, brawn was allowed in

310
[1630.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
а
addition, and a quart of claret and a pint, substi-
tuted for a quart, of sack or muscat; and at supper,
rabbits were given throughout the Hall. On New
Year's Day :-
Mr. Sub-Warden and D. D.: Mutton and stewed
broth; roast beefe, ls. 6d. ; a pig, ls. 6d.; brest of
veale, ls. 4d.; a capon, 1s. 6d.
Masters and Deans, in messes of four, had mutton in
broth; roast beef; half a pig: a messe of veal, 8d.
On Shrove Sunday, one hen was allowed to every
four masters, instead of a rabbit. On Shrove Tuesday
dinner was at ten o'clock, and supper at three.
Mr. Sub-Warden. Our Lady Day in Lent: grand
pullet, butter and rice milk, old ling, a pike in broth,
a carpe, plaice, 2 eele pies, troute, thornbacke, lobsters,
fresh salmon, soles, roast eele, a warden pie, or equall
custard and tart. Wine: a quart of claret, 3 pints of
sacke and sugar, 4d. for grace cup.
Good Friday. The Masters: one lb. of figs, 1 lb. of
raisins, and a quarter of almonds.
Easter Eve. Butter, rice milke, 6 dishes of market
such as the market will afford.
Easter Day. Mr. Sub-Warden: mutton and stewed
broth; rost beefe, ls. 6d.; breast of veale, ls. 4d.; a
capon, 1s. 6d. ; a pigg, 1s. 6d. ; lambe, a target, 9d.; a
quart of claret.
On Whitsunday, green geese were given over and
above; between the two days of Our Lady in harvest,
viz., the Assumption, Aug. 15th, and the Nativity,
Sept. 18th, Furmentie, of
Milke, 5 gallons; wheate, 8d. ; a marrowbone, 6d.;
spice, 10d. ; floure, a pottle.
Orders made Nov. 14, 1630.
Beaver Time, for the morning at half an hour after 8,
1633.]
311
IN OXFORD.

.
until 9, vjd. In the afternoone at a quarter of an houre
before 4 untill 4, vjd. After supper at 8 for half an
hour, vjd.
The beaver consisted of a pint of beer. The pan-
terer and butler were to be fined 2d., or make good
the loss of plate, if loose persons were suffered within
the college, near the hall, especially about meal time.
Beaver-time was out between the Sunday before St.
Luke's Day and the first Sunday in March; during
that time the sub-warden and the bursars are allowed
every morning, each of them, a quarter of a loaf;
the sub-wardens, three bursars, and the steward, each
two loaves; and the M.A. and B.C.L., a loaf and a
quarter at every meal.
At the five Pie Gawdie days, the whole company
was allowed without stint at dinner. Upon every one
of these days:
To make broth, 18 loaves; for beefe to grate, 1 loafe;
for veale, 2 loaves; for capons, woodcocks, snipes,
larkes, and other foule, to grate, 2 doz.
Bursar's feast, 1633.
Mr. Warden's Feast : 2 pullets in white broth, a crop
of beefe, 4 chrivits or minced pies, a pigg, an udder, a
made dish, a goose, a pastie of venison, a turkie, a
chicken pie, 2 capons, a custard. Second Course :
1 couple of ducke and mallard, a neat’s tongue, 2 rab-
betts, a made dish, 2 partridges, 2 woodcocks, a warden
pie, 6 snipes, 12 larkes, a tart.
Payments, 1633.
4 geese, 5s. 4d.; 4 pigges, 9s. 6d. ; a turkie, 3s.; 10
capons, 16s. 8d.; 15 pullets, 10s. 9d. ; 6 duck and mal-
lard, 6s.; 6 partridges, 6s. 6d. ; 6 woodcocks, 6s.; 15
chickens to bake, 6s. 2d. ; 12 snipes, 4s. 6d.; 2 dozen of
pigeons, 4s. ; 15 dozen of larkes, 10s.; 150 egges, 6s.;
2 custards, 4s.

;
a
a
6


312
[1612.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Poser's Accounts, 1622.
Carrying and reward for trunkes, 13s. 4d.; our supper
at Newbery, 21. 9s.; our breakfast, 11. 2s. ; at Whit
Church in ye raine, 3s. ; for walking our horses at Mag-
dalen Hill, 4d.; to musicians, 2s.; purgandi ocreas et
pallia, 1s.; for a shave, 4d. ; pro regardiis to the house,
18.; oisters on Friday, 10s.; given behind cellar dore,
2s. ; for a hogshead of beere, 11. 5s.
1633.
Fire to drie us, 10d.; meete for 5 horses, 6s. 3d.;
marchbeere in ye morning, 8d.; candles in ye morning,
7d.; chamberlaine and maides, 3s.; beere a hogshead,
11. 2s.; gloves for Mr. Warden and Mrs. H., 10s.; for
2 pair for Mr. Sub-Warden and Mrs. Schoolmaster,
58. 6d.
1634. Supper.
Mutton and brothe, 2s. 8d. ; 4 boiled chickens, 2s. 8d.;
3 boiled rabbets, 2s. 6d.; 7 joynts of mutton and sallets,
14s.; a side of lamb, 3s. 6d.; 2 neates tongues, 2s.;
a turkey, 5s.; sased pigg, 2s.6d. ; 4 couple of rabbets,
6s. 8d. ; 2 chicken pies, 58.; 4 trouts, 58. ; 2 artichoke
pies, 3s.; 4 dishes of fresh cheese and creame, 2s. 8d.;
cherries and strawberries, 38.; anchovies, 2s. ; wine and
tobacco, 6s.
Breakfast.
Butter, 1s. 6d. ; 4 leggs of mutton, 6s. 8d.; 3 trouts,
38. ; a side of lambe, 3s.6d.; fried steakes, 58.; cheese, ls.
Aº. 1612. Number of students.
Custos
1
Socii
70
Novum Capellani
11
Coll. Clerici et Chorista
20
Famuli
10
Servientes et Pauperes Scholares .
18.
130
Gutch's Collect. Curiosa, No. xviii, p. 197.
1612.]
IN OXFORD.
313

Pitts gives us a picture of college life immediately
before his time, De Rebus Anglicis, ch. ix, p. 38.
Paris, 1619.
Every member rose at five, A.m., and went into
chapel, where they offered the first fruits of the day
to God (at Winchester, Pitts says they sang the
Matins of the Virgin Mother); after service, they at-
tended the private and public lectures of the univer-
sity; the former being on logic, philosophy, and
Greek, daily; and once in the week at least followed
by declamations. Every member dined in the common
refectory, observing strict silence while Holy Scrip-
ture was read; after hall there was time allowed for
a walk or recreation, after which they returned to
study. The gates were shut at night, at eight P.M.
in winter, at nine in summer, the great bell ringing
to warn scholars homeward. After that hour no one
could enter until five A.M. No junior or undergra-
duate was allowed to leave the college bounds without
leave from the superiors, nor without the companion-
ship of a fellow. It was a heinous offence to enter
the house of a citizen or a tavern. For two years
a
they studied in the college; for two following years
they had to respond and dispute in the public exer-
cises. Greek was required in order to read Aristotle,
the Holy Scriptures, and Greek doctors of the Church.
They were required to know somewhat of geometry,
arithmetic, mathematics, and astronomy. Having
taken the degree of a bachelor of arts, throughout the
following Lent they had to maintain theses against
all comers openly in the schools, often with tried
masters and learned doctors, veterans in this wordy


a
314
[1619.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
warfare. For three years after, they had constantly
to hold declamations, to support theses in philosophy,
explain some work of Aristotle, or St. Augustine, and,
if they were found deserving, were then admitted to
their degree of M.A.
In the 31st Rubric the founder directs every B.A.,
from St. Denys' day to the feast of the Translation of
St. Thomas, except in Lent, twice in every week,
to dispute in the hall, in questions and problem, one
on each day: at other times, from St. Thomas to the
Assumption, and in Lent, there was to be only one
weekly disputation. Pointer says that English essays
in his time (c. 1749) were read by the under-graduates
in ante-chapel after divine service. Walker, in his
Oxoniana, vol. i, p. 36, says, that the custom was
observed in his time for the porter to knock on the
lower door of every staircase with a mallet, at first and
second peal, at seven and half-past seven o'clock in
the morning, and to summon the fellows to college
meetings. It was a relic of an old monastic custom,
still preserved in the east, and in several colleges at
Oxford.
The university attends in the chapel of New Col-
lege, on the morning of Trinity Sunday, to hear a
sermon; for which 31. was left annually by Warden
Ryves to the preacher. The sermon on the feast of
the Annunciation was instituted by the Founder.
To Pitts' graphic picture we must add the rules
given by the great Founder himself.
Rubr. xxv. No scholar or fellow was allowed to keep
dogs of chase, hawks, ferrets, to use slings, bows and
arrows, or darts, or to play at any game of hazard or

a

1619.]
315
IN OXFORD.

No one
ball; they were especially bidden to eschew “illum
ludum vilissimum ac horribilem radendi barbas, qui
fieri solet in nocte præcedente inceptionis magistran-
dorum in artibus.”l
All the members of the society, in hall or chapel,
chamber, cloister, or garden, were to converse in a
modest and courtly style (modesto ac curiali modo),
and in Latin, except in the presence of laymen and
strangers, or form some reasonable cause.
was to hinder another member while in his study or
at the time of the repose, by making any disturbance
or playing at any game.
Rubr. xxiii. In going to the schools, or walking
within one mile round the university, the warden,
fellows, and scholars, were to use, as a common dress,
capes, chimeres, long tabards reaching to their feet,
or mantles :4 and in time of bad weather might put
on also cloaks, surcoats, or military cloaks,
lansas aut bellas”; or any decent and honest dress.
They might walk without a companion only to pro-
cessions, sermons, church, or to the schools: they
were never to put on green or red boots, or peaked-
toed boots, or knotted hoods, in the university or

armu-

a
1 Shaving the precentor in public formed a chief part of the ridicul-
lous mummeries of the famous Fête des Fous in France.
2 The same injunction was made in the statutes of Merton College,
1271; Exeter, 1330; Oriel, 1328. In 1398, the seneschal of the Prior
of St. Swithin’s was directed by Wykeham to address him in French.
3 Defined by Stowe as “a sleeveless coat, whole before, open on both
sides, with a square collar, winged at the sides, commonly worn of
noblemen.” Some of the members of Queen's College retain the name
of " tabarders”. Heralds still wear the dress.
4 A long dress fastened by several large buttons on the right shoulder,
with the front part thrown over the left shoulder, forming a sort of cape
over the breast, and hanging in folds on the back.
X

316
[1463.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
2
3
without: they were to carry neither sword, knife, nor
any weapon of offence or defence: their belts (zonæ,
cinctoria) were to be plain, without gold or silver :
their beards shorn, and their hair tonsured.
Rubr. xxii. They were to wear “ vestes de unâ et
eâdem sectâ, pretii cujuslibet panni competenter
aquati, sinati, et tonsi, continentis ad minus xxiiij
virgatas, xlii solidorum' in toto,” the warden was to
receive xij virgatas panni, before the feast of All
Saints annually; each of the others, according to their
degree, station, and height, as much as would make
subtunicam, supertunicam, tabardum talarem, vel
capam* cum caputio (a cowl buttoned round the chin,
and hanging down behind in a peak or knot); be-
sides vjs. and viijd. (half a mark) pro furrurâ et
facturâ vestium.
The constitutions of Bourchier forbid any fur-trim-
ming on the lower edges and hem of the dress, A.D.
1463, § ii. We must remember that these orders were
made in the foppish age of Richard II, when extrava-
gant fashions were brought in from Bohemia. In the
constitutions of Stratford, A.D. 1343, § ii, is a passage
which illustrates these rubrics ; it is a decree pro-
scribing the assumption by clergymen or university
students of a layman's dress; and Wykeham intended
1 Knights having a yearly income of two hundred marks were per-
mitted to wear woollen cloth worth six marks for the whole piece.
2 A sort of short cassock.
3 The surcoat, a short dress like a dalmatic, often open in front as
high as the waist, to give greater freedom to the lower limbs, with loose
sleeves shorter than those of the under-tunic.
4 A cape worn about the shoulders, and descending in front to the
girdle.
1216.]
317
IN OXFORD.

>
his college to be a seminary for priests. The offen-
sive customs are thus described : “ Hair hanging
down over the shoulders, in a womanish manner; an
upper habit, short and scanty (the jaque, whence our
word jacket), with sleeves remarkably and exces-
sively wide and long, not covering the elbows, but
hanging ; locks matted with fur-trimming and light
silk, and curled ; hoods with tippets (streamers, or
cords, often bound about the head) of marvellous
length ; long beards; rings on the fingers, not being
badges of office; girdles of great size, costly and stiff;
purses engraved with various figures, enamelled and
gilt ; with knives hanging openly from the side, like
swords ; boots, red and green ; or shoes, peaked-toed
and curiously pinked; and cloaks of fur.” Clergymen
had been forbidden to wear the fashionable colours
red and green by the Council of Lateran, A.D. 1216,
$ xvi. It prescribed a “ close cope over the dress.”
The ploughman, in Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims,
and Hardyng, in his Rhyming Chronicle, describe the
dress of the clergy in similar terms.
Mr. Philip Duncan says that there was a custom of
calling the scholars to dinner and supper every day,
by two choristers going along the quadrangles from
the chapel-door to the garden-gate, crying, “ Tempus
est vocandi, mangez tous seigneurs.” The college
tenants (so Pointer informs us) that bring in their
rents before Christmas (their audit being held be-
tween St. Luke's day and the feast of All Saints),
receive a pair of white gloves edged with red ribbon.
There was also a custom for the fellows to borrow
money out of Chicheley's chest, into which he put


X2

318
[1535.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
66
1231. ; a similar sum being placed in another chest
for the sole use of the university and the other col-
leges. Curious scenes have been in these old courts.
In 1535 Dr. Richard Leyton and Dr. London were
the chief visitors in the royal commission.
They
established two public lectures of Greek and Latin
in New College. “In New Colege,” they write,
we have stablisshede two lecturres publique, one of
Greke, another in Laten, and have made therfore for
evermore an honeste salarie and stipende. .. . At the
seconde tyme we came to New Colege, affter we hade
declarede your injunctions, we fownde all the gret
quadrant court full of the leiffes of Dunce” (Duns
Scotus, proscribed by the state visitors), “ the wynde
blowyng them into evere corner. And ther we fownde
one Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of Bukynghamshire,
gatheryng up part of the saide bowke leiffes (as he
saide), therwith to make hym sewells or blawnsherres
(scarecrows), to kepe the dere within the woode,
therby to make the better cry with his howndes.”
The execrable Dr. Leyton wrote thus to Cromwell,
adding, “ Penam imposuimus to evere scholer within
the universitie not heryng at the leste one of thes
lectures, for that day that he shalbe absent from one
of the saide lectures to be punissede in the losse of
his commons for that day, the saide paine evere day
tociensquociens absens fuerit, nisi concurrenti causâ
aliquâ legitimâ, approbandâ tamen per prepositum col-
legii sive aulæ.”—- Cotton MS., Faustina, C. vii, f. 205.
The ample space of the quadrangle-168 feet long
and 129 feet in breadth-during the civil wars, was
covered no more with the scattered limbs of poor
-
1642.]
319
IN OXFORD.

Duns Scotus, but with parties of loyalist gownsmen,
drilling and training against the attack of the rebels.
Antony à Wood was then a little boy at school in
New College, and in the following anecdote tells of
his childish longings to attend these parades and
mimicries of war.
“ A°. 1642. Upon the publication of his Majesty's
proclamation for the suppressing of the rebellion
under the conduct and command of Robert Earl of
Essex, the members of the University of Oxon began
to put themselves in a posture of defence; and espe-
cially for another reason, which was, that there was a
strong report that divers companies of soldiers were
passing through the country, as sent from London by
the Parliament for the securing of Banbury and War-
wick. Dr. Pink of New College, the deputy vice-
chancellor, called before him to the public schools all
the priviledged men's arms, to have a view of them;
where not only privileged men of the University and
their servants, but also many scholars, appeared,
bringing with them the furniture of arms of every
college that had any. They did sometimes train in
New College quadrangle, in the eye of Dr. Rob. Pink,
and it being a novel matter, there was no holding of
the school boys in their school in the cloister from
seeing and following them. About the same time his
Majesty caused his magazine to be put into New
College cloister and tower. Whereupon the master
of the school there, with his scholars (among whom
Antony Wood was one), were removed from the school
situated between the west part of the chapel, and
east part of the cloister, to the choristers' chamber



320
[1642.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
>
-
at the east end of the common hall of the said College.
It was then a dark nasty room, and very unfit for
such a purpose, which made the scholars often com-
plain, but in vain.”—Wood's Life, p. v.
The battle was fought and won on Naseby moor;
and soon at the gates appeared the rebel chaplain,
George Marshal, claiming to be warden. On April
22nd, 1650, eight chaplains and fifty-four fellows
were driven out; one Wykehamist only took the oath
before Cheynell and Prynne. In August of the fol-
lowing year, 1651, when it was rumoured that King
Charles was on his way to Oxford, Colonel Draper,
governor of the city, fortified New College on behalf
of the parliament, to the great injury of the buildings,
the gates, and the cloisters, which were pierced for
musketry. A strong stone tower of defence was built
in the centre of the court; but Master John Kent,
one of the fellows, rode on the king's side, at the
head of one hundred and fifty horsemen, who took the
motto, “ Non arte sed Marte”. On August 25th there
was a review of ten companies of the University
volunteer corps, in New College court.-Wood's
History, etc., B. 1, vol. ii, P. II, p. 647.
King Charles II wished to recompense one of his
followers by procuring for his boy a fellowship in this
college. “ Trusty and well beloved, we greet you
well. Whereas we are given to understand that
Roger Stanley, a schollar of your Colledge nere Win-
chester, for the time he hath continued there, hath
made good progress in his learning, and therefore
doth deserve encouragement therein, his father alsoe
being a man who hath deserved well of us, both in
I,
1685.]
321
IN OXFORD.

this present parliament, and in the late times of con-
fusion, being alwayes constant to his duty and allegi-
ance, wee have thought fitt to recommend the said
Roger Stanley to your especiall care, that at your
next election hee may have your nomination for New
Colledge, which we shall take well from you. Given
at our Court at Whitehall, this day of July, in the
twelfth yeare of our raigne” (1660).-MS. Aysc. 856,
num. 6. He was elected fellow, Dec. 6th, 1660.
In another letter, two years later, the king wrote
on behalf of a child, named Robert Grove, for elec-
tion as a scholar of Winchester, on the score of his
uncle's services and death as a cavalier, “ to be treyned
upp under a good discipline and educacion such as
the schoole is eminent for”; and promises in return
“ the royal remembrance on any good occasion.”-
Ibid. No. 144.
During the reign of King James II, red coats and
feathers again took the place of the academic's sober
gown.
In 1685 Robert Sewster (M.A. 1664), fellow of
New College, and captain of a company of University
volunteers, mostly of New College, received their
colours, “ quarterly, sable and argent; two coronets,
or”, from the Earl of Abingdon, on July 3rd; they
afterwards used to train in New College bowling-
green. This was during the Duke of Monmouth's
rebellion. The uniform of the captain was a scarlet
coat, a scarf round the waist, and white feathers in
the cap.-Wood's Life, p. cy.
For the last time, we trust, were such sights seen,
at the period of the threatened invasion of England



322
[1790.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
by Napoleon, when the University volunteers were
reviewed here under the command of John Coker,
Esq., fellow of this college.
The refectory hall, eighty-seven feet in length,
thirty-five feet in breadth, and originally forty feet in
height, is approached by a long flight of broad stone
stairs in the north-east angle of the great court, in
the muniment tower: the doorways and screen of the
same pattern as the wainscot within, richly carved in
a linen pattern, are said to have been the gift of
Archbishop Warham, and, probably, erected at the
same time as the woodwork in Magdalen College.
Against the west wall is placed a portrait of the
Founder, between the pictures of Archbishop Chi-
chele and William Waynflete; and upon the east
wall is a large painting, after the manner of the
Caracci, representing the Adoration of the Shepherds
at the Nativity of the Redeemer; it was the gift of
Pleydell Bouverie, Earl of Radnor, and originally the
altar-piece; it was removed hither in 1790. The flat
modern ceiling is a sore disfigurement; we regret the
loss of the old timber roof, with interlacing oaken
beams, and its central louvre, through which the
smoke from the charcoal fire burning on the hearth
in the midst of the hall eddied out. Under the
cornice over the high table upon the dais, are ranged
eighteen escutcheons of mitred benefactors to the
college. Coats of arms, duly blazoned, are also set
upon the eastern screen. The walls are ornamented
with the portraits of Bishops Wainflete, Lake (by
Cornelius Jansen), Bisse, Kenn, Lowth, Trimnell,
Bathurst, Huntingford; the Archbishops Howley,
1790.]
323
IN OXFORD.

Warham, and Chichely; and the Founder. In the win-
dows are still preserved some coats of arms. In 1593
the French ambassador visited the hall. He observed
in the glazing several candles painted with the motto
“ fiat lux”. On inquiring the reason of their intro-
duction, Warden Culpepper explained that it was the
rebus of his predecessor, Dr. Chandler.
Nay, Mr.
Warden”, replied the Frenchman, 66 it should be
rather · fiant tenebræ', inasmuch as it doth make the
hall to be dark”.
The statutes present us with a lively picture of
college life in the fourteenth century.
Rubr. xvi. At the high table (mensa principalis)
were to sit the sub-warden, masters in theology, and
doctors in any science or faculty; in their absence,
bachelors in divinity were to supply their place, but
only four portions more than were provided for the
fellows, were to be served, except when the warden
took his proper seat in the centre of the table, or for
the sake of showing suitable hospitality to guests.
On either side of the hall were to sit graduates, the
chaplain-priests, and fellows; no one was to enter or
take his place, hastily, or with noise, or any claim of
precedence of right to a particular position. In the
centre of the hall sat the probationer scholars.
Rubr. xvii. While dinner was being served, one of
the chapel clerks, an undergraduate fellow, or a
scholar, was to read aloud from the Holy Scripture,
to which all in the hall were to listen without talking,
noise, gossiping, whispers, laughing, or any other kind
of interruption.
Rubr. xviii. In order to prevent unseemly jesting,



324
[1790.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
scandals, quarrels, and excess, “ which commonly are
indulged in after men have dined,” as soon as grace
had been offered to the Most High, and they who
would had drunk of the loving cup (potu charitatis),
all the seniors were to retire to their studies and leave
the hall, seeing that the younger members departed
before them.
We are permitted, however, a glimpse at the merry
group round the reredos of winter nights, when the
stately warden has gone to his lodge, and the elder
fellows departed to hold audit or consultation in
common room: another and another faggot is heaped
on the blazing fire, the snow falls heavily without, the
breath clouds over the closed windows, against which
the hail beats and patters, long shadows flicker in the
remote corners, as the flame dances up higher and
higher; and a strong-voiced scholar relates some
wondrous story told by palmer, or red-cross knight;
reads aloud in the quaint chronicle or illuminated
manuscript; or sings some pleasant lay to the cheerful
throng about him.
Nisi in festis principalibus, et festis majoribus dupli-
cibus, et nisi quandò consilia domûs, disputationes, aut
alia negotia ardua collegium tangentia immediatè post in
aulâ debeant pertractari, aut nisi quandò, ob Dei reve-
rentiam et Suæ Matris vel alterius Sancti cujuscunque,
tempore hiemali ignis in aulâ sociis ministratur, tunc
scholaribus et sociis post tempus prandii aut cænæ liceat
gratiâ recreationis in aulâ in cantilenis,' et aliis solatiis
honestis moram facere condecentem, et poemata, regno-
rum chronicas, et mundi hujus mirabilia, ac cætera quæ
3
1 Poetical Chronicles of the Realm.
2 Tales of the Eastern Countries, brought over by the Crusaders,
wrought into shape by the monks.
1384.]
IN OXFORD.
325

statum clericalem condecorant seriosiùs pertractare.--
[Harl. MS. CLxxv, is Itinerarium Johannis de Mande-
ville, Militis, de Mirabilibus mundi.]
In 1384 Wykeham forbade the monks of the cathe-
dral,
Canere cantilenas, ludibriorum spectacula facere, sal-
tationes et alios ludos inhonestos, frequentare choreas,
etc.
In the hall, on the second Wednesday in Novem-
ber, is held the annual gawdy, when the society make
welcome all their brother-Wykehamists then resident
in the university: this hospitality is without prece-
dent on any other foundation.
Upon the outer wall of the ante-chapel is the figure
of an angel bearing a scroll: on it is the legend
“ Hæc est domus Dei, porta cæli.”
The chapel, the festival of the dedication of which
was kept on Nov. 8th, old style, is a master-piece of
science and art: built according to the highest rules
of the great architectural schools of the Middle Ages,
before they were corrupted and obscured. All is in
strict proportion, without a sign of feebleness: the
whole and every part are symmetrical and commen-
surate. All is in due length and perspective: the
ornaments and details are all subordinate to the great
idea and plan of harmonious distribution. This is
the secret charm—the spring and origin of the beauty
which strikes upon every spectator. The whole build-
ing is comprehended within an aureole, the mystic
symbol of architectural perfection ; in geometrical
language, the space included within two arcs of 102°, ,
constructed according to Euclid's first proposition.



326
[1695.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Longitudinally it is divided into seven equal parts,
of which the choir contains five, and the ante-chapel
two, and transversely by four equal parts, all com-
prehended in the transepts, without the screen. The
choir is 100 feet long, 35 feet broad, and 65 in height.
The ante-chapel is 80 feet in length.
Twenty-six brasses and monumental slabs are ar-
ranged in the north aisle of the transept; they were
removed hither when the choir was paved with black
and white marble in 1636.
Unhappily, like Durham cathedral, the colleges of
Magdalen, Corpus Christi, and Trinity, and the cathe-
dral of Winchester, this chapel suffered under the
hands of Bishop Horne. Actuated by a heat and
misguided zeal unworthy of a bishop and guardian
of Wykeham's foundation, he destroyed images, pic-
tures, stained glass, missals, and ornaments: the superb
reredos was hopelessly defaced, niches and canopies
hewn off, and the rest of the stonework filled up with
plaster and whitewash. When the repairs were being
made in 1695, some exquisite remains of ancient art
were discovered. Something of its grandeur we can
gather from the wording of part of the statutes.
Rubr. Ixiii. Item: quià ubi in intermedio capitali sive
tranversali muro capellæ nostri collegii supradicti qui-
dam murus lapideus inter ipsum et capellam et aulam
ipsius collegii mediare noscitur, ac etiam separare,
imago sanctissimæ ac individuæ Trinitatis, patibulum
sanctæ crucis cum imagine Crucifixi, beatissimæ Mariæ
virginis, sanctorumque aliorum plurium imagines, sculp-
turæ, fenestræ vitreæ, ac picturæ variæ, nonnullaque
alia opera sumptuosa ad Dei laudem, gloriam, et hono-
rem, Ipsiusque matris predictæ, subtiliter fabricata,

E Mackenzie
Jle Keux
INTERIOR OF NEW COLLEGE CHAPEL.

1636.]
327
IN OXFORD.

variisque coloribus perornata, ex parte dictæ capellæ
devotissimè situantur et multifariè collocantur .... nos
verò imaginum, sculpturarum, fenestrarum, et operum
prædictorum indemnitati et prosperitati cupientes, jactus
lapidum, et pilarum, necnon rerum quarumlibet aliarum
ad parietem memoratum, saltus insuper, luctationes, alios-
que incautos et inordinatos ludos in capellâ vel aulâ
prædictâ ullo unquam tempore fieri districtiùs prohibe-
mus, per quæ vel eorum aliquod imaginibus, sculpturis,
fenestris vitreis, picturis, vel aliis sumptuosis operibus
supradictis, seu præfato parieti capitali in suâ composi-
tione vel fabricâ, in materiâ vel in formâ, damnum in-
ferri poterit quomodolibet vel jactura.
The following yearly sums were paid on account of
masses in the chapel, in 26 Hen. VIII.

.
;
The founder's mass for the souls of Edward III,
Queen Philippa, the Black Prince, Richard II, and
Queen Anne : for every priest 40s. 261. 13s. 4d.
On the feast of the Annunciation; nativity of St.
John Baptist; St. Michael's day; and St. Cosmas and
St. Damian's day; and at Christmas, among the mem-
bers of the college, who attended the mass, on each
occasion
41. 2s. 6d.
King Edward IV's mass of the Holy Trinity on the
feast of St. Faith, for the royal founder's soul and the
good estate of the realm, among the members of the
college
69s. 4d.
Robert bishop of Chichester: his stipend to the chap-
lain cursal celebrating the matin-mass, weekly, 12d. ; to
the poor scholar serving him, yearly, 10s.
62s.
John Eggecombe's stipend to a priest celebrating his
mass of requiem on Dec. 15th, 4d.; each chorister, 2d.;
and for tapers, 4d.
3s. 4d.
The ancient stalls and desks had been defaced in
1550 by the commissioners and visitors; in 1636 they
were replaced by those which are now in the ante-

328
[1663.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
1
chapel. In 1646 this beautiful building suffered
greatly during the occupation of Oxford by the rebel
troops. A curious organ, which stood on the north
side of the high altar, and fifty copes, given by Master
William Port in
1450, were destroy-
ed or sold. Fortu-
nately some curious
jewels and interest-
ing relics were pre-
served: the mitre-
case of the Founder,
his gloves of silk,
with golden fringes
and rings, parts of
his mitre, studded
with precious stones
set in gold, and or-
namented with the
emblems of the
Annunciation; and
the superb pastoral-
staff of Wykeham,
silver-gilt, of elabo-
rate workmanship,
heightened with en-
caustic colours, and
six feet nine inches
in length. Bad
taste completed the
wreck in August
1695, when the

B002XDEOKREU
பாவை
1848.]
329
IN OXFORD.

plastering which covered the reredos was removed and
several broken images discovered. Henry Cook, a
favourite artist of the time, erected a semicircular
screen of woodwork, profusely painted and gilded, at
the east end. In the centre was a painting, mentioned
at p. 322 (Chalmers' Hist. of Oxford, ed. 1810, p. 135).
p
It was not until 1789 that Mr. Wyatt received direc-
tions to remove the plaster and deal, and restore the
reredos, composed of fifty niches arranged in four
stories; building at the same time a new organ
screen.
Over the Holy Table, which is of dove-coloured
marble, are five compartments of sculpture by West-
macott, representing the Salutation, the Nativity, the
Descent from the Cross, the Resurrection, and the
Ascension. Two small rooms, between the east end
and the city wall, were probably the sacristies.
The present organ, by Dallam, was built in 1663;
but has since been improved by Messrs. Green and
Byfield. An opening in the centre permits a view of
the west window to the visitor standing below the
altar-steps. Wood gives the epitaph on a former
organist, Merideth, the son of a miller at Oseney,
who lived in 1657.

a

“ Here lies one blown out of breath,
Who lived a merry life, and died a Merideth.”
He summed up the course of his existence in this
distich :
“Morn: mend hose : stu(dy) Greek: breakfast: (study St.) Austin ;
quoque dinner :
Afternoon : walk (in) meads : crack nuts : take a cup: quoque
supper.”
330
[1777.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
Among other notable organists of this college may
be mentioned William King, who set to music several
of Cowley's songs in 1668. (Hawkins, b. I. ch. III,
vol. v, p. 23.) John Weldon, gentleman extraordi-
nary, Jan. 6th, 1701; organist of the Royal Chapel,
1708; second composer, 1715; organist of St. Bride's
and St. Martin-in-the-Fields. He died in 1736, and
is buried in the churchyard of St. Paul's, Covent
Garden. Richard Goodson, organist of Christ Church,
Professor of Music, 1682-1718. Philip Hayes, or-
ganist of Magdalen and St. John's, 1777-1797; also
Professor of Music, 1777-1797. And the present
organist, Dr. Stephen Elvey, Choragus of Music in
the university of Oxford, 1848.
On December 31st, 1665, Dr. Alexander Hyde was
consecrated bishop of Sarum, in the chapel, by the
primate, the bishops of Winton, Oxford, Peterbo-
rough, and Limerick assisting: the king, the queen,
and the court being then on a visit to the Uni-
versity.
The windows of the ante-chapel-80 feet long by
36 widestill retain their original stained glazing;
those on the south side of the choir are by Flemish
artists, traditionally said to have been pupils of
Rubens, but repaired in 1740 by William Price, from
whom they were purchased by the society: those on
the north side, at an expense of 1001. for each win-
dow (Salmon's Present State of Oxford, ed. 1744, p.
57), were stained by Peckett of York, in 1764-1774;
the three nearest to the screen were designed by
Rebecca.
In the old windows were the saints, Thomas,


1711.]
331
IN OXFORD.

Stephen, Christopher, George, Denys, Vincent, Titus,
Abundius, Ignatius, Narcissus, John, Paul, Agatha,
Cecilia, Agnes, Sebastian, Christina, Petronilla,
Katharine, Margaret, Oswald, Edmund M., Helena,
Petronillus, Columnus, Recuhius, (St. Roche ?), Si-
lucius.-MSS. Ashmole.
The great west window, 10 feet wide and 18 feet
in height, has been filled with painted glass by Thomas
Jervais, after the designs of Sir Joshua Reynolds, in
1777. Beneath are the four cardinal and the three
Christian virtues ; in the upper lights is a representa-
tion of the Nativity. Two boxes in the cloisters of
Winchester contain the fragments of the original glaz-
ing. Dr. Latham, according to the Rev. S. Denne,
observed that the portraits of the artists were well
represented in the persons of the two shepherds. The
glass, however, is so faded, when compared with the
bright hues of the ancient glazing, that it gave cause
for the witty sarcasm, that “Sir Joshua had come off
with flying colours”. Lord Orford calls them the
washy virtues”. Tom Warton admired them, in his
love for the classical and modern :-

66
“For when again I view the chaste design,
The just proportion, and the genuine line,
Those native portraitures of Attic art,
That from the lucid surface seem to start;
Thy powerful hand has broke the Gothic chain,
And brought my bosom back to truth again--
To truth, by no peculiar taste confined,
Whose universal pattern strikes mankind.”
The principal cartoons of the design were sold to
the Duke of Rutland for 8001., and were burned at
Belvoir Castle in 1816. The Duke of Portland had
Y

332
[1649.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
some of the accessories, and the Marquis of Thomond
the seven figures of the Virtues.
Dr. Beeston, on February 15th, 1682, laid the first
stone of the garden court, which was finished in
1684. To the funds, Dr. Nicholas gave 445l. ; Mr.
St. Loe, 3601. ; Warden Traffles, 1421. ; Mr. Rolfe,
1251.; Dr. Beeston, the Hon. James Brydges, and the
bishops, Dr. Turner, Dr. Kenn, and Dr. Mews, each
1001. ; Sir William Pole, Sir Cholmeley Dering, Dr.
Braithwaite, and Mr. William Musgrave, each 501.
The east ditch was drained in 1671. The gardens
in 1711 were divided from the court by iron railings
130 feet in length, of elaborate and beautiful work-
manship, wrought by Mr. Thomas Robinson of Hyde
Park Corner (Ayliffe's Past and Present State of the
University, P. II, ch. i, page 332), and brought from
“ Timon's villa”, at Canons, says Chalmers (Hist.,
etc., page 129); they then presented a very quaint
appearance, with a mount in the centre, a large sun-
dial, box and yew trees, clipped into divers devices,
and plots cut into cyphers and the arms of the Col-
lege, and of the Order of the Garter. On May 29th,
1649, the loyal choristers and clerks of New College
celebrated Prince Charles's birthday, by lighting a
bonfire on the mount after nightfall. The gates were
fortunately closed, for the rebel soldiers made an
assault upon the college, in the hope of seizing the
offenders. Next morning, they made prisoners of
two of the fellows, one of them lately a cavalier major.
The visitors, however, sensibly ordered their release.
(Wood's History, etc., B. 1, vol. ii, P. 11, page 589).
The bowling-green, shaded with elms and sycamores,
1802.]
333
IN OXFORD.

was on the south-east side. The columns of the
summer-house were brought from Canons, the seat of
the Duke of Chandos. Near St. Peter's churchyard,
and fronting Queen's College, was a gate like the
Non-Licet”, at Winchester : it was removed when
the garden court was commenced. The fine old em-
battled city walls, with round bastions about sixty
yards apart, still defend the gardens on the eastern
and northern sides.
The cloisters,—156 feet in length, by 105 feet in
width,—the earliest example of such a building in a
college, and the only perfect one, except that of
Magdalen College, Oxford, in either university, enclose
a garth, 130 feet in length and 85 feet in breadth.
The cemetery was consecrated on October 19th, 1400.
In 1643, when the cloisters were converted into an
arsenal, and passages for troops broken through the
walls, the ancient brasses were torn up and lost.
There is a remarkable echo in the south and west
alleys, where a sound is repeated eight or nine times.
“ There was an epitaph depicted on the wall by the
tower door for one (Peter) Woodgate, who was a
fellow (chaplain) of the house, and at his death (Nov.
4th, 1590), bequeathed all his estate to his executor
and kinsman, desiring him that he would put some
memorial upon him, which he unworthily did not;
whereupon one (John Hoskyns) of Woodgate's friends
and acquaintances, that was a scholar of the house,
wrote that epitaph over his grave on the wall with a
black coal, which continued there a long while.”
It was renewed in 1802. It runs thus: “ Heus, peri-
patetice, conde tibi tumulum, nec fide hæredis amori,


Y2

334
[1650.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
epitaphiumque compara. Mortuus est, nec emit libris
hæc verba ducentis: Woodgatus hìc sepultus est.”
Wood's Letter, Oxoniana, ii, p. 68-9.
The battlemented tower (the massive walls are six
feet in thickness on the base) consists of four com-
partments, diminishing gradually from the base to the
summit, and is ascended by a newel staircase of stone,
which terminates in an octagonal turret on the south-
west angle. It contains a noble peal of ten bells.
The view which it commands is perhaps the finest in
Oxford.
Strype records a curious tale connected with the
tower, which was built of stone brought from the
quarries of Hedington, Teynton, and Barynton :-
1769.]
335
IN OXFORD.

66
Quinby, a fellow of the college, was imprisoned
very straitly in the steeple of New College, and half
starved with cold and lack of food, and at length died.
He was asked of his friends what he would eat, who
said his stomach was gone for all meat, except it
were a warden pie. 'Ye shall have it,' quoth they.
'I would have,' said he again, but two wardens
baked; I mean our warden of Oxford and our warden
of Winchester-London and More; for such a war-
den pie might do me and the church good; whereas,
other wardens of the tree can do me no good at all.'
Thus jesting at their tyranny through the cheerful-
ness of a safe conscience, he turned his face to the
wall in the belfry where he lay, and after his prayers,
slept sweetly in the Lord.”—Strype, Eccles. Mem., i,

p. 356.
William Collyer, yeoman-bedell, and friend of
Bishop Mews, being a stout cavalier, in 1650, was
imprisoned in one of the chaplain's chambers under
the hall, having been concerned in a design to sur-
prise the rebel garrison. He was savagely tortured ;
his hands being bound behind his back, and burned
with a lighted torch, in order to extort a confession
from him, and to discover the names of his confede-
rates. He happily made his escape through the win-
dows, and over an adjoining wall: thus he escaped a
certain death.—Wood's llist., etc., B. 1, vol. ii, P. 11,

-
I,
p. 602.
On the evening of June 3rd, 1769, the tower of
1 The warden, poire du garde, was a fine kind of large pear, fit for
baking.–See Shakspere, Winter's Tale : “I must have saffron, to colour
the warden pies.”

336
[1589.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
New College was used by Mr. Lucas, a fellow, and
Mr. Clare, of St. John's, to observe the transit of
Venus; Professor Hornby was in the Schools' tower;
and Mr. Nitikin and Mr. Williamson, of St. Alban
Hall, in the Infirmary.
The principal charters and patents granted by the
kings to New College are referred to in Tanner's
Notitia Monastica, and MS. Harl. 744, f. 800, al. 390.
The alien priory of the Benedictines of St. George,
Boscharville, in Normandy, was granted to this col-
lege, 14 Rich. II, p. 2, m. 10, 11, 27; but by Henry
IV, Aº. 13, pat. 1, m. 14, was annexed to the colle-
giate church of Fodringly, North Hants.—Tanner's
Not. Mon., Wilts, iii.
John Smith, a burgher of Ipswich, being asked by
John Reading of Oxford, whether he would sell his
lands in Birchanger, and other places in Essex and
Herts, asked, - For what intent. Dr. Fleshmonger
would buy the said lands of him ?” he answered, that
“ he would give them to the college, to be remem-
bered in their prayers.”—“ If so," answered he, “I
can as well find in my heart to give my lands to be so
remembered as Dr. Fleshmonger.” These lands were
conveyed to the society Oct. 20th, 1528, to produce
annually exhibitions to fellows, 40s. a-year to three
fellows, priests, and 20s. to seven poor scholars.
Clement Harding, B.C.L., fellow, bequeathed lands
at Burton, Bucks, and Wanborough, Wilts, Dec.
22nd, 1507.
Thomas Wells, D.D., fellow, founded three exhi-
bitions of 21. each for fellows in priest's orders, July
13th, 1524.
1851.]
337
IN OXFORD.

Christopher Rawlins, B.D., bequeathed certain rents
for division among the poorer scholars, Aug. 17th,
1589.
Other benefactions, made for special, purposes will
be found under the name of the donor, or in course
of the narrative.
Dean Fleshmonger left 20s. a-piece yearly to as
many fellows. Thomas Mylling left 40s. a-piece by
the year to two fellows, priests; to the precentor,
sacristan, and master of the choristers, on his com-
memoration, March 24th, 12d. each; to each of the
eight chaplains, 8d.; to each of the three clerks, 6d.;
to each of the sixteen choristers, 2d. ; and to divers
almsmen, 78. 6d. on that day. Bishop Shyrburn
bequeathed a stipend to nine censors, tutors of the
scholars in various sciences; to four 100s. yearly, to
five, 66s. 8d.,-81. 6s. 8d. To poor scholars who
lacked friends and means to take their degree; and to
a B.A. disputing in Lent in the public schools, 101.



338
[1851.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE
In 1551 a patent was granted to the mayor and
burgesses of Bedford to erect a free grammar school,
the head-master and usher to be appointed by the
warden of New College. Bishop Fox vested the per-
petual appointment (Strype, Memorials, vol. ii, P. II,
I, 160) of the Free School of Taunton, endowed by
him in 1522, in the warden of New College for the
time being
Ecclesiastical Patronage, with the value of each
Benefice in the King's Books.
Abbotstoke, R., Dorset, the gift of Sir Thomas Ryves,
D.C.L., in 1675, 191. 158.
Adderbury, V., Oxon, given to the society by Bishop
Buckingham, with Boddicote, C., and Little Barford,
C., Pat. Ric. II, aº 4, P. 11, m. 4.; 5 Ric. II, P. 1, m.
5; 6 Ric. II, P. II: 211. 4s. 9d.
Akeley, St. James, R. Bucks, granted by King James
VI, A.D. 1415, at the instance of Bishop Beckington,
61. 2s. 11d.
Alton Barnes, R., Wilts, purchased, 61. 18s. 111d.
St. John's, Berwick, R., Wiltshire, purchased 1741,
261. 18s. 4d.
Birchanger, R., Essex, the gift of the founder, 91.13s.4d.
Bucknell, R., Oxon, given by Robert Ball, M.A.,
F.N.C., 1571; rector of Estington, on Sept. 1st, 1610,
131. 6s. 03d.
Chesterton, V., Oxon, purchased 1st Elizabeth, 71. 88.9d.
Colerne, R., Wilts, annexed by act of Parliament to the
office of warden, 161. 11s. 104d.
St. Mary, Donhead, R., Wilts, purchased, 301. 14s. 4}d.
St. Mary's, Hardwick, with Weedon, R., Bucks, the
gift of the founder in 1386, 391. 9s. 7d.
Heckfield, V., with Mattingley, C., Hants, per. Ric. II,
aº 3, P. 1, m. 2, 5, 161. 12s. 11d.
1851.]
339
IN OXFORD.

Heyford Warren, R., Oxon, the gift of the founder,
131. 16s. O d.
Hornchurch, V., Essex. The Alien Priory of St. Nicho-
las and St. Bernard (belonging to the famous monas-
tery of St. Bernard in Savoy) at Hornchurch or
Havering, was given to the college at the dissolution
of foreign religious houses. A large pair of horns
were suspended in the chancel. 7401. [1851.]
St. James, Great Horwood, R., with Singleborough,
Bucks, granted in 1441 by King Henry VI,
141. 4s. 2d.
Long Ditton, R., Surrey. Mrs. Pennicott, in 1770, sold
the advowson to New College, 121. Os. 5d.
Marshfield, Vicarage, Glouc. Pat. I and 2 Phil. et Mar.
P. IV, m.
(21 Mart.) Pro rect. de Marshfield,
Glocestr. in considerat' maner de Stepinglee in com.
Beds et Essex, 201. 4s. 9d.
Newton Longueville, V., Bucks. The Alien Priory of
Cluniac Monks of St. Faith at Longueville, in Nor-
mandy, was given by Henry VI at the instance of
Bishop Beckington, 201. 9s. 7d.
Norwich, St. John, Maddermarket, R., granted by King
Henry VI, through Bishop Beckington, 71. 10. 2d.
St. James', Paulerspury, V., Northants, purchased,
241. 4s. 2d.
St. John the Evangelist, Radcliffe, R., Bucks, the gift
of the founder, who purchased it in 1365, 81. ls. 3d.
Romford, V., Essex, the gift of the founder, 7001. [1851]
Saham Tony, St. George, R., Norf., belonged to the
Alien Priory of St. Mary at Rouen, 211. 14s. 9 d.
Little New Sampford, R., Essex, bought by the college
within the last century, 111. Os. 8d.
Stanton St. John, R., Oxon, bought by the gifts of Dr.
Fleshmonger and Thomas Millyng, 161. 98. 41d.
Steeple Morden, V., Camb. Per R. II, aº 3, P. 1, m.
2, 5; 61. 18s. 6d.
Stockton, R., Warw., purchased, 101. 7s. 1d.
Stratton, All Saints, R., Norf., granted by King Henry
VI through Bishop Beckington, 61. 13s. 81d.



340
[1852.
ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE.
Swalcliffe, with St. Peter, V., Oxon, with Epwell, C.,
and Shulford, C., 71. 98. 4d.
Tingewick, R., Bucks. It belonged to the college in
1386, and was once a cell of the abbey of the Holy
Trinity on St. Katharine’s, near Rouen ; it was con-
firmed to the college by the king in March 1391.
(Rymer, Foedera, iii, P. iv, p. 67), 121. 6s. 3d.
Weston Longueville, R., Norf., granted by King Henry
VI at the instance of Bishop Beckington, 81. 188. 11d.
Whaddon, St. Mary, V., with Nash, C., Bucks, given
in 1440.
Witchingham, Great, R., 51., with St. Faith, Little
Witchingham, V., Norf., bought by the founder,
41. 7s. 11d.
Wootton, R., Oxon, given to the college by Warden
Pincke in 1647, he having purchased it for 5001.,
151. 2s. 8£d.
Worthen, R., with Wolston, V., Salop, 281. 14s. 17d.
Writtle, with Roxwell, V., Essex. Rex concessit cus-
todi et conventui hosp. S. Spiritûs Romæ alienig.
qùod ipsi dare possint custodi et scolaribus collegii
Winton. Oxon. ecclesiam (Omn. Sanct.) de Writtele,
cum capellâ de Rokeswell eidem annex. appropriand.
eidem collegio Oxon. Pat. 14 Ric. II, P. 11, m. 27.
(Tanner's Not. Mon. Essex, XLVIII.) 7181. [1851.]
Roxwell has been made a perpetual curacy during 1851.
The first incumbent being John T. Hearn, M.A., 1501.
[1852.]
1 William of Wykeham, in 1377, bought Broughton Castle and two-
thirds of the manor ; and in 1382, the advowson of Swalcliffe, of which
he is said to have been the incumbent. Sir Thomas, the Founder's heir,
became the possessor of Broughton Castle ; and Swalcliffe is the pro-
perty of Sophia E. Wykeham, created Baroness Wenman, 1834. Mr.
Wykeham Martin has lately, in an interesting pamphlet, revived the
controversy, as to the descent of the Founder from the family of Wyke-
ham of Swalcliffe, Oxon.

THE
ROLL
OF

DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
Vita mortuorum in memoriâ vivorum est posita."
--Cicero, Philipp. ix, 10,



THE ROLL
OF
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
THE VISITORS OF THE COLLEGES, BISHOPS OF WINCHESTER,
PROVINCIAL SUB-DEANS OF CANTERBURY, PRELATES OF
THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER, ETC.

1. BEAUFORT, CARDINAL: he held a visitation in 1434.
Jan. 17th. “For one day and night at dinner and supper. Visita-
tion of cardinal bishop of Winton: a boar and other hogmeat,
10s.; 3 quarters of an ox, 12s.; three hogs, 9s.; four calves, 10s. 8d.;
marrowbones and lard, 5s. 8d.; eight sheep, bought in the Isle of
Wight, 17s. 4d.; 2 very small lambs, 2s.; 14 couple of rabbits,
8s. 2d.; expense of 3 men going to and coming from the I. W.
to purchase the aforesaid, with carriage to Winton, 4s. 6d.; 12
pigs, 6s. 11d.; 2 capons, 1s.; 3 dozen capons, 13s. 6d. ; 23 hens,
4s. 2d.; 2 dozen of chicken, 2s. 6d.; veal and hogmeat, 1s. 5d. ;
milk and cream, 2s. 2d. ; 12 couple of rabbits, 6s.; preserving 4
curlews, 45 tylverells (teal], 9 widgeons, bought at Winton,
178. 10d.; 2 bran (brent] geese, 1 curlew, 3 bran ganders, 1 mallard,
4 widgeons, 4 plovers, 4s. 6d.; larks and other small birds, 4s. 2 d.;
4
9 widgeons, 24 woodcocks, 7 sticks of small birds, 12s. 4d.; one
pheasant and other birds, 1s. 5d.; partridges, plovers, snipes, and
larks, 58.; spices, 11. 198. 4d. ; 7 quarters wheat, 11. 198. 8d.; 11
quarter of malt, 31. 2s. 4d. ; 46 gallons of beer, 7s. 8d.; 2 doz. lb.
of candles, 28. ; 6 tunneys, 88.; 6 pair of gloves, bought at Oxford
for the knights and esquires, 18s.; 18 pair for the gentlemen of
the cardinal, 12s.: there were also 3 does, presents, and 8 couple
of rabbits; expense of his horses and family 1 day and 1 night, 13s.;
1 gallon of honey, 10d.; a pipe of red wine bought at Southamp-

;

344
[1627.
THE ROLL OF
a
a
ton, 21. ; carriage of do. to Winton, 38. 4d.; 6 quarters of oats for
the lord cardinal's horses, 16s. Sum total 291. 6s. 5d."
[Maydenhithe, John, dean of Chichester, commissary-general of
Canterbury; held a visitation for Archbishop Arundel at Winton,
on Oct. 22nd, 1404. The expense to the college was viil. viis.iid.]
2. WAYNFLETE, WILLIAM (1447). He held a visitation on
Sept. 19, 1449, and in 1479, at Winton.
3. COURTENAY, PETER (1486). He held a visitation in 1487
at Winton.
4. LANGTON, THOMAS (1493). He held a visitation in 1497
at Winton.
5. FOX, RICHARD (1500), visitor of Baliol College. He held
visitations at Winchester, in 1517 and 1526; at New College, in
1520. Thomas Hide, commissary of the priory and convent of
Canterbury, held a visitation in 1500. In 1528 Mr. Britton held
a visitation, as commissary-general for Archbishop Warham, at
Winton.
6. WOLSEY, CARDINAL (1529). The college had to pay to
him 81. as his charge at a visitation : they entered into a bond to
do so in four payments during four years.
7. GARDINER, STEPHEN (1531). He held a visitation in 1531:
he received i ox and vj sheep, pr. iijl. vijs. xd. Mr. Looft, com-
missary-general, held a visitation in the same year for Archbishop
Wareham. In June 16th, 1535. Archbishop Cranmer held a visi-
tation at Winton in 1545.
8. POYNET, JOHN (1551).
9. WHITE, JOHN (1556).
10. HORNE, ROBERT (1561). He held visitations in 1561 and
1571 at Winton. Bishop Horne extended his episcopal jurisdic-
tion beyond the bounds of the statutes and the ancient privileges
of the college, which accordingly caused a litigation, continued
from April 29th to May 27th, 1568, at a cost of 111. 3s. 7d. to the
college.
11. WATSON, JOHN (1580).
12. COWPER, THOMAS (1583).
13. WICKHAM, WILLIAM (1594).
14. DAY, WILLIAM (1595).
15. BILSON, THOMAS (1597). Archbishop Bancroft held a
visitation in 1607 at Winton.
16. MONTAGUE, JAMES (1616).
17. ANDREWES, LANCELOT (1618).
18. NEILE, RICHARD (1627).
1827.]
345
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
19. CURLE, WALTER (1632). In 1635 Archbishop Laud held
a visitation at Winton.
20. DUPPA, BRYAN (1660).
21. MORLEY, GEORGE (1662).
22. MEWES, PETER (1684).
23. TRELAWNY, SIR JONATHAN, BART. (1707).
24, TRIMNELL, CHARLES (1721).
25. WILLIS, RICHARD (1723).
26. HOADLEY, BENJAMIN (1734).
27. THOMAS, JOHN (1761).
28. NORTH, Hon. BROWNLOW (1781).
29. TOMLINE, SIR GEORGE PRETYMAN, BART. (1820).
30. SUMNER, CHARLES RICHARD (1827).

WARDENS OF ST. MARY WINTON OR NEW COLLEGE,
IN OXFORD.
" Viri providi et discreti, literarum scientiâ, moribus, et virtuosis actibus meritò commendandi,
in spiritualibus et temporalibus plurimùm circumspecti; qui collegio plus prodesse
cupiant, quàm præesse; ut per eorum vigilantiam sollicitam, probitatem, et gubernationem
bonam, dictum collegium nostrum ad Dei honorem ac cleri augmentum prosperè dirigi, et
votivis valeat commodis honorari.”—William of Wykeham.
1. TONEWORTH, RICHARD (Sept. 1379), fellow of Merton
College; president while the society was yet in Hert and Black
Halls; canon of Lincoln, 1379. He died in 1379. His salary as
warden was 201. by the year.
2. WYKEHAM, NICHOLAS, D.C.L. (1374), principal of Hert
Hall, 1381; rector of Witney; canon of Boseham, Feb. 3, 1370;
of Boreham, March 5, 1392; of Sarum ; of Howden; and of Rom-
sey; archdeacon of Winton, Oct. 23rd, 1372 ; of Wilts, Dec. 7,
1388; chancellor of Sarum, 1380; master of St. Cross' Hospital ;
and of St. Nicholas' Hospital, Portsmouth, Feb. 5th, 1386. His
yearly salary was 401.
3. DE CRANLEY, THOMAS (1389). See Wykehamical bishops.
4. MALFORD, ROBERT, M.A. (Nov. 1396), of Christ Milford,
Wilts: fellow of New College, 1386; rector of Radcliffe, Nov. 12th,


346
[1520.
THE ROLL OF
1402. He died Oct. 20th, 1403. His brass is in New College
Chapel
5. BOWKE, JOHN, M.A. (Dec. 1st, 1403), of Southampton :
fellow of New College, 1388 ; rector of St. Leonard's, Sussex,
April 4th, 1400. He died at Winton and is buried there.
6. ESTCOURT, WILLIAM, M.A. (Nov. 26th, 1429), of Ship-
ton, co. Gloucester : fellow of New College, June 5th, 1402; rector
of Writtle, Dec. 25th, 1417; canon of Sarum.
7. OSSULBURY, NICHOLAS, B.D. (Oct. 31, 1435), of South-
ampton: fellow of New College, April 10th, 1409; rector of Tinge-
wick, July 25th, 1440. He died Feb. 6th, 1453, and was buried
in New College Chapel.
8. CHANDLER, THOMAS, D.D. (Feb. 22d, 1454), of St. Cuth-
bert's, Wells : fellow of New College, May 1st, 1837; chancellor
of Oxford from July 6th, 1457, to May 15th, 1461, and from 1472
to 1479; commissary, in 1463 and 1467; and vice-chancellor in
1464 ; proctor, in 1444; rector of Hardwick, Feb. 20th, 1461;
master of St. Cross' Hospital; chancellor of Wells, 1454 ; protho-
notary apostolic and councillor of the king, Feb. 25th, 1466; dean
of the Chapel Royal; chancellor of York, Feb. 25th, 1466 ; canon
of St. Paul's, August 1471; of Southwell; of Hereford, Dec. 16th,
1486; of Beverley; and York, 1466; dean of Hereford, March 26th,
1481. He died Nov. 2nd, 1490, and is buried in that cathedral.
9. HYLL, WALTER, B.D. (Sept. 5th, 1475), of Wilton : fellow
of New College, 1456 ; rector of Hardwick, Dec. 15, 1479; of
Newton Longueville, Feb. 4th, 1473; canon of Hereford, Oct. 12th,
1487; proctor, 1475. He died March 30th, 1494, and was buried
in New College Chapel. He gave an exquisitely finished salt-cellar
to the college in 1493.
10. PORTER, WILLIAM, B.D. (April 12th, 1494), of Newent,
Gloucester : fellow of New College, Aug. 20th, 1470; proctor,
1481; precentor and canon of Hereford, 1515; chancellor of Chi-
chester, 1507; canon of Lincoln, May 7th, 1485; rector of Colerne,
Aug. 25th, 1508 ; and Saham Tony, May, 1482. He died Nov.
5th, 1501, and is buried in the nave of Hereford Cathedral, under
a flat marble arch, richly ornamented with brass, representing the
dead surrounded by twelve angels. He was a benefactor of Brasen-
nose College, Oxford, having bequeathed lands at Marston, Oxon,
and at Kingsholme, in Gloucestershire, to maintain a fellow from the
county or diocese of Hereford, or the county next to Oxford. This
gift was confirmed in 1531.
11. REDE, JOHN, D.D. (Sept. 10th, 1520), of Kingsley, Hants :
a
1558.]
347
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
fellow of New College, Oct. 22d, 1474; head master and warden
of Winchester: tutor of Prince Arthur; canon of Chichester, and
of Lincoln, 1503; master of St. Cross and St. Mary Magdalen
Hospital. He died April 1st, 1521, and was buried in New Col.
lege Chapel.
12. YONGE, JOHN (1521). See Wykehamical bishops.
13. LONDON, John, D.C.L. (April 16th, 1526), of Hambyldyn,
Lincoln : fellow of New College, July 5th, 1505; canon of York,
April 23rd, 1519; of Lincoln, Aug. 29th, 1522; treasurer of Lin-
coln, April 1st, 1522; canon of Sarum ; and St. George's, Windsor,
Sept. 30th, 1540 ; rector of Stanton St. John, 1527; and Adder-
bury; dean of Oseney, 1542; of Wallingford, 1536. He resigned
his wardenship in Sept. 1542, and died in the Fleet, being a pri-
soner on a charge of perjury, in 1543. He built a tall steeple of
stone at the west end of the collegiate chapel at Wallingford. He
was a royal commissioner to examine into the state of religious
houses. He was Cardinal Wolsey's right hand in drawing up the
privileges granted to Oxford in 1522 by Henry VIII, as he was
very expert in the controversies between the university and towns-
people; he acted as commissary to inform the cardinal about them;
his schoolfellow, Dr. John Young, bishop of Callipolis, and late
warden of New College, assisting Wolsey to draw them up. His
wicked libels of the founder were refuted by the accurate Bishop
Lowth, but it may be doubted whether it was worth while to
answer a man pilloried and imprisoned as a perjurer. His im-
placable and unchristian persecution of the early reformers, needs
only to be referred to in this place.
14. COLE, HENRY, D.C.L. (Oct. 4th, 1542), of Godshill, Hants:
fellow of New College, Oct. 26th, 1523. He travelled into Italy,
and studied at Padua. In 1540 he returned to London : he was
successively an advocate in the Court of Arches ; prebendary of
Sarum ; archdeacon of Ely, 1553; R. of Chelmsford, Sept. 11th,
1540; canon of St. Paul's, 1540; rector of Newton Longueville,
Bucks, Sept. 14th, 1545; dean of St. Paul's, Dec. 11th, 1556 ;
;
official of the Court of Arches and dean of Peculiars, Oct. 1st,
1557; vicar general, Aug. 28th, 1557; rector of Wrotham, July
1558. On July 13th, 1554, he was elected provost of Eton College.
During the reign of Edward VI he was an admirer of Peter Martyr,
and preached the reformed doctrines at Carfax. Having become a
Romanist, he preached by Queen Mary's order the sermon in St.
Mary's before Crammer's execution. In the year 1557, Henry
Cole, D.C.L., and Nicholas Ommanet, the Pope's datary, D.C.L.,


Z

348
[1599.
THE ROLL OF
visited the university by a commission from Cardinal Pole; and
with Cuthbert Scot, bishop of Chester, Thomas Watson, bishop of
Lincoln, John Christopherson, bishop of Chichester, visited Cam-
bridge. The story is told of him, that after he changed his reli-
gion he went as commissioner of heresy to Ireland; on the journey
he stopped at Chester, where he was entertained by the mayor, to
whom he showed his commission to summarily punish delinquents.
The good hostess watched her opportunity, took out the parchment,
and substituting another parcel closed up the leather box again. On
Oct. 7th, 1558, he landed at Dublin, the Privy Council met, the lord
deputy gravely handed the box to the secretary, who slowly opened
it; what was the consternation of Cole to discover a pack of cards,
with the knave of clubs uppermost! He hurried back to England,
but ere he could set a foot on Dublin Quay again the queen was
dead. Elizabeth removed him from St. Paul's in consequence of
his religion, he being chief speaker in the disputation with six
divines on matters of religion in Westminster Abbey. He was fined
five hundred marks and imprisoned: he died near the Compter,
Wood Street, London, (others say in the Fleet), in Dec. 1579.
Leland, the antiquary, was his intimate friend, and Roger Ascham
salutes him as “humanissimus et doctissimus vir”. He resigned
April 16th, 1551.
15. SKINNER, RALPH, M.A. (May 1st, 1551), of Feltham,
Middlesex : fellow of New College, Dec. 23rd, 1534; he entered
the household of the marquis of Dorset, 1538; he sat in the House
of Commons in 1554, and made a speech against the queen's pre-
rogative: he was installed dean of Durham, March 5th, 1560. He
died in the spring of 1563, and was buried in the parish of Sedge-
field, where he was rector.
16. WHITE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (Sept. 17th, 1553), of Leckford,
Hants: fellow of New College, July 11th, 1534; rector of Newton
Longueville, Aug. 19th, 1552; of Colerne, Dec. 13th, 1558; of
Stanton, May 22d, 1554; canon of Winton, July 21st, 1554; arch-
deacon of Berks, Sept. 24th, 1557; chancellor of Sarum, Aug. 9th,
1571. He died June 12th, 1588, and is buried in Sarum cathedral.
17. COLEPEPPER, MARTIN, D. Med. (Oct. 17th, 1573), of
Hunton, Kent: fellow of New College, June 1, 1561; rector of
Stanton St. John, June 13th, 1576; and Colerne, Oct. 20th, 1588;
archdeacon of Berks, June 16th, 1588; dean of Chichester, Nov.
7th, 1577; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1578. He died in 1605.
18. RYVES, GEORGE, D.D. (Dec. 21st, 1599), of Blandford,
Dorset : fellow of New College, Jan. 31, 1580; of Winton, 1586 ;

1675.]
349
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
rector of Colerne, Feb. 1, 1606; of Stanton, 1600; and Alresford;
canon of Winton, Nov. 17th, 1598; proctor ; vice-chancellor of
Oxford, 1601. He died May 31st, 1613, and was buried at Horn-
church, Essex. George Ryves bequeathed an annuity of 101., of
which 31. were assigned for the maintenance of an annual sermon
on Trinity Sunday in the college chapel; and the residue was to
be bestowed on the moderator, respondents, and opponents in Dr.
Ryves' act, on every Monday in the college chapel, before that of
the university. This was given April 14th, 1613.
19. LAKE, ARTHUR (June 17th, 1613). See Wykehamical
bishops.
20. PINCKE, ROBERT, D.D. (July 17th, 1617); son of Henry
Pincke, of Kempshott, Hants, D. Med., born at Winslade, 1572:
fellow of New College, May 26th, 1596; rector of Stanton St. John,
July 14th, 1620; of Colerne, March 14, 1645; proctor, 1610; vice-
chancellor, 1634-5, and 1644. On May 22d, 1619, he gave the
living of Wootton to the college. This eminent Wykehamist was
greatly admired by King James for his talents, and beloved by the
royal martyr for his loyalty. He raised the regiment of University
Militia, won the citizens to the king's cause, and gave shelter to
the suffering royalist clergy in times of imminent danger. For his
zeal he was imprisoned in the Gatehouse of Westminster. His
valuable antiquarian and biographical notes are added at the side
of the registers of both the St. Mary Winton Colleges. He died
on Nov. 2nd, 1647, and was buried in the ante-chapel, between the
pulpit and the screen. Dr. Brideoake, bishop of Chichester, from
feelings of gratitude, erected a monument to his memory in 1677.
21. STRINGER, HENRY, D.D. (Nov. 19th, 1647), of Black-
friars, Middlesex: fellow of New College, April 23rd, 1614; rector
of Waddesdon, and Hardwick, Nov. 23rd, 1641; proctor, 1630;
regius professor of Greek, 1625-1648: he was deprived by the
rebels on Aug. 1st, 1648. He died Feb. 1648, and is buried in
St. Martin's Church by Ludgate. [On Jan. 25th, 1648-9, one
[,
George Marshall, S.T.B., of St. John's College, in Cambridge, was
intruded; he died Nov. 3rd, 1658, and is buried in the ante-chapel.]
22. WOODWARD, MICHAEL, D.D. (Nov. 22nd, 1658), of
Salford, Beds, born Oct. 6th, 1599 : fellow of New College, Aug.
14th, 1623; of Winton, 1639; rector of Brightwell, Berks, and
Ashe, Surrey ; one of the visitors of the university appointed at the
time of the Restoration. He died June 16th, 1675, and is buried in
the south side of the ante-chapel. He was a dull, heavy man. Ken-
net says, that “when he saw in the quadrangle a very large stone


Z 2

350
[1757.
THE ROLL OF
brought from Heddington toward the new building, “ Lor!" says
he, “what a monument of stone is that; what, did the carters
bring it at one load or two ?”
23. NICHOLAS, JOHN, D.D. (June 30th, 1675), of West
Deane, Wilts: fellow of New College, 1659; and of Winton, 1679;
seventeenth warden of Winton, 1679; canon of Winton, April 2nd,
1684; of Sarum; master of St. Nicholas Hospital, Sarum. He died
in 1712 at Winchester. His great grand-daughter married Dr.
Joseph Warton.
24. BEESTON, HENRY, D.C.L. (Aug. 7th, 1679), of Titchfield,
Hants : fellow of New College, 1648; master of Thame School;
rector of Wallop, Hants; canon of Winton, Oct. 5th, 1664; com-
missary of Oxford, 1680. He was one of the first members of the
Chemical Society at Oxford. He died May 12th, 1701, and is
buried in the ante-chapel of New College.
25. TRAFFLES, RICHARD, D.C.L. (June 3rd, 1701), of St.
Thomas', Winton: fellow of New College, Aug. 13th, 1667. He
died in 1703, and is buried in the chapel.
26. BRAITHWAITE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1703), of Enham,
Hants : fellow of New College, July 6th, 1682 ; vice-chancellor of
Oxford, 1710-11; warden of Winton. He died at Winton, July
23rd, 1720.
27. COBB, John, D.C.L. (April 12th, 1712), son of Sir Thomas,
bart., of Adderbury, Oxon : fellow of New College, 1699 ; canon
of Winton, 1717; warden of Winton, 1720. He died Nov. 25th,
1724, aged 48, and is buried at Winchester. He married Sarah,
daughter of Sir Hugh Stukely, of Hants, bart.
28. DOBSON, JOHN, D.D. (Aug. 23rd, 1720), of Cliddesden,
Hants : fellow of New College, May 29th, 1709; warden of Win-
chester, 1724. He died Jan. 2nd, 1739.
29. BIGG, HENRY, D.D. (Jan. 1st, 1724), of Chilton Foliott,
Wilts: fellow of New College, June 22nd, 1712; warden of Winton,
1729. He died in 1740.
30. COXED, John, D.C.L. (Feb. 6th, 1729), of Bucknell, Oxon:
fellow of New College, July 20th, 1720; vicar of Chesterton, Dec.
13th, 1727; warden of Winton, 1740. He died May 26th, 1757,
at Winchester, and was buried there.
31. PURNELL, JOHN, D.D. (Sept. 10th, 1740), of Wickwar,
co. Gloucester, born Oct. 18th, 1707: fellow of New College,
March 23rd, 1728; rector of Hinton, Bucks; of Radcliffe, April
11th, 1755; and Cwmdu, co. Brecon, March 7th, 1754; vice-chan-
cellor, 1747. Owing to his firm Church principles, the latitudina-
1843.]
351
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
rian Bishop Hoadley, the visitor, refused to admit him in 1757
warden of Winchester; that prelate acting also under ministerial
influence.
32. HAYWARD, THOMAS, D.C.L. (Jan. 26th, 1764), of St.
Bartholomew's, London: fellow of New College, Sept. 14th, 1752.
He died July 30th, 1768, and is buried in the north cloister.
33. OGLANDER, John, D.D. (Aug. 19th, 1768), second son
of Sir John Oglander, bart, of Nunwell, Hants : fellow of New
College, Sept. 10th, 1759; rector of Downe St. Mary, Devon; and
Colerne, Nov. 1772. He died on Jan. 13th, 1794, and was buried
in the chapel. He married Jane M., only daughter of Mr. Raine,
rector of Netherburgh, Dorset.
34. GAUNTLETT, SAMUEL, D.D. (Feb. 10th, 1794), of St.
Thomas, Winton : fellow of New College, Sept. 2nd, 1765; and
of Winton, 1777; vicar of Portsea, 1788; of Hursley; canon of
St. Paul's. He died on Sept. 12th, 1822, in New College.
35. SHUTTLEWORTH, PHILIP NICHOLAS (Oct. 4th, 1822).
See Wykehamical bishops.
36. WILLIAMS, DAVID, D.C.L. (Nov. 1st, 1840), born Oct.
15th, 1786, was the son of the Rev. Daniel Williams, fellow of
Winton College, who died Dec. 6th, 1788,-of Lasham, Hants,
F.S.A. : fellow (C.F.) of New College, July 28th, 1802. He was
educated by Dr. Richards in Hyde Abbey School, before he was
removed into Commoners. He was elected hostiarius on Jan. 24th,
1810 and head-master Jan. 15th, 1824. He was an examiner for
the Ireland scholarship in 1843; and is a delegate of accounts.
He was installed canon of Winchester in 1833. His portrait was
painted and an excellent engraving made from it, at the desire of
his old pupils. A present of plate was also made to the warden, a
candelabrum with nine lights, of very rich and handsome design,
which had been furnished by Chantrey: a figure of the founder gave
an appropriate character to the gift; in the centre is a silver basket
for flowers, and smaller baskets are in the sockets, where the
candlesticks are inserted when in use.


-


352
[1528.
THE ROLL OF
THE WARDENS OF ST. MARY WINTON COLLEGE, NEAR
WINCHESTER.
1. MORRIS, John, M.A. (March 28th, 1393), elected fellow of
New College in 1386. He died October 21st, 1413, and was buried
in Winchester College Chapel.
2. THURBURN, ROBERT, M.A. (Dec. 10th, 1413), a native of
a
Southampton. He was for some time a student in medicine. He
was elected fellow of New College in 1388, and served the office of
proctor from 1395 to 1399. On Oct. 11th, 1400, he was sworn
one of the visitors of New College. He bequeathed some silver
cups and books to New College. He died on Oct. 30th, 1450, and
is buried in Winchester College Chapel.
3. CHANDLER, THOMAS, D.D. (Nov. 30th, 1450). See War-
dens of New College, No. 8.
4. BAKER, JOHN, D.D. (July 2nd, 1454), of Aldermaston,
Berks, was elected fellow on Oct. 23rd, 1438. He was proctor in
1458; and on March 4th, 1481, was installed in the prebend of
All Saints', Lincoln. He died in 1487. He introduced the famous
Winton birch, as Johnson informs us :-
“Si laus est, inventa quidem Custode Bakero,
Ex quadripartito vimine flagra ferunt."
5. CLYVE, MICHAEL, D.C.L. (1487), of St. Ebbe's, London:
fellow of New College, 1460; canon of Lincoln. He died in 1501,
and was buried in Winchester College Chapel.
6. REDE, JOHN, B.D. (Nov. 18th, 1501). See Wardens of New
College, No. 11.
7. BARNACKE, RALPH, D.D. (Dec. 18th, 1520), of Alresford,
Hants: elected fellow of New College, Jan. 29th, 1500; presented
to the vicarage of Adderbury, Dec. 14th, 1517; registrar of the
University, 23-25 Henry VIII. He was nominated by Bishop
Fox, by lapse, as the fellows deferred their election beyond the
statutable time. He vacated the office in Oct. 1526.
8. MORE, EDWARD, B.D. (Nov. 11th, 1526), of Havant: elected
fellow of New College, 1498; head-master of Winchester School,
1508-1517; canon of Chichester; archdeacon of Lewes, 1528.
He died in 1541, and was buried in the choir of Winchester
Chapel. He wrote the subjoined letter to Thirlby, only Bishop of
Westminster :-
1587.]
353
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
“To the right rev'ende Father in God my Lorde the Busshop
of Westm', be thes letť d'd wh spede.
“Thus:-Ryght rev’end and my good Lorde y most hūbly have
comendyd un to you and ryght to thāke your good Lordshypp ffor
thes yok lovy'g lett's whych y have r'mysyd wt the byll off sup-
plycacyo to the Kyns hynes y wold a cū my selfe but sur’ly as
now yā nott habyll and y’ffor y sende yö my s'vāt to make āsfor
to y byll wher off yt ys no thyng trew yn effecte as ye shall well
perceyve by 5sfors yt yt ys my s’vāt shall make yn my be halfe and
yt y eseke you to accept myne excuse ffor ys tyme not fewnyed
as knowyth owr Lord wch p’s’ve you long ffro Wy'chest' ys xii
day off Novēb’r.
Yo orator EDWARD MOR.
Wardē off Seynt Mary College by Wynchest.”
9. WHITE, JOHN (January 13th, 1541). See Wykehamical
bishops.
10. BOXALL, JOHN, D.D. (Oct. 29th, 1554), of Bramshott,
Hants: elected fellow of New College, Oct. 9th, 1542. He preached
before the Convocation of the Clergy, A.D. 1555.
Upon the
accession of Queen Mary, he became a secretary of state; canon
successively of Winchester; Sarum; and York; archdeacon and
canon, 1554, of Ely; Dean of Peterborough, July 1557 ; of Nor-
wich, Dec. 20th, 1557; Chichester, 1570; and Windsor, 1557.
He was sworn registrar of the Order of the Garter, Feb. 6th, 1557.
Upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he was committed to prison
at Lambeth, and afterwards to the Tower, June 8th, 1560. He
died in London, in some obscure place, in 1587.
11. STEMPE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (Nov. 21st, 1556), of Winches-
ter: fellow of New College, elected Oct. 26th, 1541; principal
of Broad Gates Hall, Oxford. He was presented to the vicarage
of Horn Church, April 21st, 1554; canon of Winchester, 1554;
and installed prebendary of Marston St. Lawrence, in Lincoln
Cathedral, Aug. 8th, 1555. He was appointed a commissioner
to visit the diocese of Winton, April 15th, 1556. He died Feb. 9th,
1581, and was buried in Winchester Chapel.
12. BYLSON, THOMAS, D.D. (March 11th, 1580). See Wyke-
hamical bishops.
13. HARMAR, JOHN, D.D. (July 8th, 1596), of Newbury,
Berks : elected fellow of New College, March 18th, 1574; he
served the office of proctor in 1587. He was a very learned theo-
logian, and held a disputation at Paris with the chief doctors of
the Roman Catholic Church. He was Regius Professor of Greek




354
[1720.
THE ROLL OF
in the University of Oxford from 1585 to 1590. He edited six
homilies of St. Chrysostom, in 1586, and those addressed to the
people of Antioch, in 1590; he also translated the Four Gospels,
the Acts of the Apostles, and the Revelations, between the years
1607 and 1611; Beza's Sermons on the Canticles, which he dedi-
cated to the Earl of Leicester; and sixteen sermons on the Ten
Commandments, in 1579. He was rector of Droxford, and canon
of Winchester, Jan. 10th, 1594. He died Sept. 11th, 1613, and
was buried at the east end of the choir of New College Chapel.
14. LOVE, NICHOLAS, D.D. (Oct. 29th, 1613), of Hatfield,
Hants: elected fellow of New College, Sept. 3rd, 1590; rector of
Wonston, and Meon-Stoke, Hants; chaplain to King James I;
canon of Winchester, Oct. 15th, 1610; head-master of Winchester
School, 1601-1613. He died Sept. 10th, 1630, and was buried
near the altar in Winchester College Chapel. He first built the
east side of the warden's lodge.
15. HARRIS, JOHN, D.D. (Sept. 30th, 1630), of Hardwick,
Bucks, where his father, Richard Harris, was rector: elected fellow
of New College, Aug. 7th, 1606; he was the brother-in-law of the
learned author of the treatise, “Of the Church”, Dr. Richard
Field; he was proctor, 1617; Regius Professor of Greek, 1619-
1622; canon of Winchester, May 19th, 1628, and of Wells; rector
of North Crawley, and of Meon-Stoke. He was so noted as a
preacher, that Sir Henry Saville called him a second Chrysostom,
and he was elected a member of the Assembly of Divines. He was
the author of a “Life of Bishop Lake”. He died Aug. 11th,
1658, and was buried near the altar in the chapel of Winchester
College.
16. BURTE, WILLIAM, D.D. (Aug. 28th, 1658), of St. Law-
rence, Winton, the son of Wm. Burt, Mus. Doc., one of the cathe-
dral choir : elected fellow of New College, Sept. 16th, 1627;
master of Thame School, and head-master of Winchester School,
1653-1658; he was rector of Wheatfield, and canon of Winches-
ter, Sept. 22nd, 1664. He died July 3rd, 1679, and is buried in
the choir of Winchester Chapel on the epistle side of the altar.
1 Owing to the intrusion of certain heads of colleges by the Parlia-
ment, questions were raised as to the validity of leases and grants made
by them. King Charles II, therefore, confirmed them ; but excepted
those who had not been lawfully ordained. Winchester and Eton were
specially mentioned in this act, 12 Car. II, c. 31, § 1, 4. Sir Thomas
Smith's act, 18 Eliz., was confirmed, 39 and 40 Geo. III, c. xli, $ 7.
1809.]
355
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
17. NICHOLAS, John (July 23rd, 1679). See Wardens of
New College, No. 24. He built the garden front of the warden's
lodge in 1692.
18. BRATHWAITE, THOMAS (March 24th, 1711). See War-
dens of New College, No. 27.
19. COBB, JOHN (Aug. 8th, 1720). See Wardens of New Col-
lege, No. 28.
20. DOBSON, JOHN (Dec. 17th, 1724). See Wardens of New
College, No. 29.
21. BIGG, HENRY (Jan. 23rd, 1729). See Wardens of New
College, No. 30.
22. COXED, JOHN (Aug. 18th, 1740). See Wardens of New
College, No. 31.
23. PURNELL, JOHN (1757). See Wardens of New College,
No. 32.


HEAD-MASTERS (INFORMATORES) OF THE ROYAL AND

24. GOLDING, CHRISTOPHER, D.C.L. (June 29th, 1757), of
Midhurst, Sussex: fellow of New College, June 3rd, 1731.
25. LEE, HARRY, D.D. (Dec. 26th, 1763), of Alveley, Salop:
fellow of New College, Jan. 29th, 1741; rector of Rowsham, Oxon.
He died in 1789. He repaired the warden's lodge in 1767.
26. HUNTINGFORD, GEORGE ISAAC (Dec. 5th, 1786). See
Wykehamical bishops.
27. BARTER, ROBERT SPECKOTT, B.C.L. (May 18th, 1832),
of Cornworthy, Devon: elected fellow of New College, July 22nd,
1809; rector of Greinton, Somerset, 1849.
COLLEGIATE SCHOOL OF WINCHESTER.
From the List adjoined to the Register of St. Mary Winton College.
1. MILTON, JOHN (1394).
2. RUMSEY, THOMAS (1395).
1 The four forms of prayer for the accession of the Sovereign, the
restoration, Jan. 30th and Nov. 5th, are ordered to be used in “Our
colleges of Winchester and Eton", by royal command, in the first year
of every reign.

356
[1474.
THE ROLL OF
3. POLE, JOHN (1407); fellow of New College, 1393.
4. RUMSEY, THOMAS (1414).
5. DARCE, RICHARD (1418).
6. ALWINE, or WALWEYNE, THOMAS (1424), of Clifford,
Lincoln: admitted scholar in 1393,
7. WAYNFLETE, WILLIAM (1430). See Wykehamical bishops.
8. ALWINE, THOMAS (1442).
9. IVE, WILLIAM (1445): head-master of St. Michael Royal
School, July 21st, 1464; chancellor of Sarum, May 6th, 1470.
10. BARNARDE, or BERNARD, JOHN (1454), of Wallop,
Hants : fellow of New College, Aug. 12th, 1442.
11. GRENE, JOHN (1460), of Lubyn, co. Hereford.
12. SMYTH, CLEMENT, M.A. (1464), of Southwark: fellow of
New College, Feb. 15th, 1467; head-master of Eton College, 1453;
canon of Windsor, 1469.
13. DENE, RICHARD, M.A. (1466), of Hamyldon, Hants :
fellow of New College, April 7th, 1455. He died May 28th, 1484,
and was buried in the cloisters.
14. REDE, JOHN (1484). See Wardens of New College, No. 11.
15. FESTHAM, ROBERT, M.A. (1490), of Minehead, Somerset :
fellow of New College, Sept. 24th, 1481. He died in 1522.
16. HOREMAN, WILLIAM, M.A. (1495), of Sarum: fellow of
New College, 1477; head-master of Eton College, 1489-1495 ;
fellow, April 4th, 1502, and vice-provost; rector of East Wrotham,
Norfolk, April 5th, 1502; author of “Vulgaria Puerorum”. He
died April 12th, 1535, and was buried in Eton Chapel.
17. FORELINGTON, or DERLINGTON, WILLIAM, M.A.
(1502), of London: scholar of New College, 1481.
18. MORE, EDWARD (1508). See Wardens of Winton College,
No. 8.
19. ERLYSMAN, THOMAS, M.A. (1517), of Gatcombe, Hants :
fellow of New College, April 28th, 1503; head-master of Eton
College, 1511.
20. TYCHINER, or TOWCHENER, or TUCHYNER, JOHN,
M.A. (1526), of Okyngham, Berks : fellow of New College, July
18th, 1521.
21. TUCHINER, RICHARD, M.A. (1530), fellow of New Col-
lege, April 12th, 1524.
22. WHYTE, JOHN (1537). See Wykehamical bishops.
23. BAYLIE, THOMAS, B.A. (1542), of Portsham, Dorset :
fellow of New College, Aug. 22nd, 1535; of Winton College,
1539.
1655.]
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
357
24. EVERED, WILLIAM (1547), of Fyfield, Dorset: fellow of
New College, Aug. 7th, 1542.
25. HYDE, THOMAS, M.A. (1552), of Newbury, Berks : fellow
of New College, Oct. 16th, 1543; canon of Winchester, June 23rd,
1556. Upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he retired to
Douai, where he wrote several theological treatises. He died in
that city on May 9th, 1597, and is buried near the altar of St.
Mary's Chapel in the Church of St. James.
26. JOHNSON, CHRISTOPHER, D.M. (1560), of Kyddesly,
Derbyshire : fellow of New College, Aug. 29th, 1555; he was the
author of a life of the Founder in Latin elegiacs; he retired to
London, where he practised medicine, being a fellow of the College
of Physicians. He died in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the
West, in July 1597. He wrote a series of distichs in Latin verse,
upon the wardens and masters, since published by another Wyke-
hamist, Richard Wills, at the end of his Latin poems; London,
1573. He wrote these lines on himself:

-
“ Ultimus hic ego sum, sed quàm benè quàm malè nolo
Dicere ; de me qui judicet, alter erit."
His successor, Bilson, added below:-
“Ultimus es ratione loci, re primus, Johnson !
Sed quis, qui de te judicet, aptus erit :
Tam benè, quàm nullus qui te præcesserit antè,
Tam malè, posteritas ut tua pejus agat.”
27. BILSON, THOMAS (1571). See the list of Wykehamical
bishops.
28. LLOYD or FLOYD, HUGH, D.C.L. (1580), of Llyn, Co.
Caernarvon : fellow of New College, Jan. 5, 1564; chancellor of
Rochester, 1578; canon of St. Paul's, Nov. 12, 1584. He was the
author of “Dictata” and “Phrases Elegantiores” for the use of the
School. He died Oct. 17, 1602, and is buried in the ante-chapel
of New College.
29. HARMAN, JOHN (1588). See Wardens of Winton, No. 13.
30. HEYDEN, BENJAMIN, D.D., of Kingsgate Street, Winton:
fellow of New College, Aug. 26, 1587; dean of Wells, 1602. He
died in 1607.
31. LOVE, NICHOLAS (Dec. 22, 1601). See Wardens of New
College, No. 14.
32. ROBINSON, HUGH, D.D. (1613), of St. Mary's, Anglesea :
fellow of New College, Aug. 17, 1605; rector of Buriton, Hants;


358
[1724.
THE ROLL OF
canon of Lincoln, Feb. 24, 1624, and of Wells; archdeacon of
Gloucester, June 5, 1634, and of Winton. He was a zealous
Presbyterian, and his party gave him the living of Hinton near
Winchester. He died March 30th, 1655, and is buried within
the north door of the choir of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
He was
the author of Prayers and Latin Phrases for the use of the
School.
33. STANLEY, EDWARD, D.D. (1627), of St. Peter's, Chi-
chester : fellow of New College, March 30, 1618; canon of Win-
chester, June 22, 1639, and Chichester; rector of Hinton, Berks;
and Mottesford, Hants. He died Aug. 26, 1662, and is buried in
Winchester cathedral.
34. POTENGER, JOHN, B.D. (1642), of Burghfield, Berks :
fellow of New College, Aug. 13, 1620. He resigned owing to the
puritanical innovations in the School. He died in Dec. 1659.
35. BURTE, WILLIAM (1653). See Wardens of New Col-
lege, No. 16.
36. BEESTON, HENRY (1658). See Wardens of New College,
No. 25.
37. HARRIS, WILLIAM, D.D. (1678), of Colerne, Wilts :
fellow of New College, Aug. 12, 1669; and of Winton, Oct. 24,
1677; regius professor of Greek, 1619-1622; canon of Winchester,
Jan. 8, 1695. He was a great benefactor of the School; and
bequeathed £800 for repairs in the cathedral; the money was,
unhappily, spent in putting up Grecian vases in the niches of the
superb gothic reredos. He died in 1700, and is buried in the
cathedral.
38. CHEYNEY, THOMAS, D.D. (Nov. 12, 1700), of Titcombe,
Wilts: fellow of New College, Sept. 18, 1673; and Winton, May
12, 1681; rector of Bradford Peverell; and Bawdrip, April 24,
1689; canon of Wells, April 18, 1689. He died in 1724.
39. BURTON, John, D.D. (1724), third son of Humphrey
Burton, Esq., of Kersley, Co. Warwick, and third daughter of Rev.
D. Bohun: fellow of New College, 1710; in 1722 he was elected
fellow of Winton College; he afterwards was rector of Chesterton,
Nov. 24, 1720; Itchen and Crux Easton, Hants; vicar of Marsh-
field, June 29, 1719. He was the founder of “ Old Commoners”,
and bequeathed his house to his successors in the office of head-
master, with the following portraits of his favourite commoner
pupils as perpetual and inalienable heirlooms. The Rt. Hon. Mr.
Chamberlayne; Lord Ossulstone ; Lord Drumlanrig; G. Bulkeley ;
Lord Coventry; Geo. Wm. Lord Coventry; Lord Brooke; Vis-

1766.]
359
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
ܪ
count Deerhurst ; Brownlow Cecil, Marquess of Exeter ; Sir Robert
Burdett, Bart.; Hon. Fulke Greville; John Alderson; Hon. Bor-
lase Wallop; Charles Tryon; and John Wynne. He was struck
with paralysis; and, after a lingering sickness, was borne from the
school round the quadrangle, and so to his grave in ante-chapel,
verses being affixed by the prefects to his bier. His nephew and
heir, John Smyth, M.D., erected a monument to his memory with
this inscription : "H. S. E. Johannes Burton, s. T. P. Humph. Burton
de Com. Civ. Coventriæ armigeri filius natu tertius. Arduum
hujus Collegii informatoris munus annos plusquàm xe summâ cum
auctoritate, dignitate, felicitate, sustinuit, explevit, ornavit; ac-
cessit intereà morum comitas, et in suâ senectute fæcunditas
eximia. Munificentiam præter alia beneficia testantur ædis vicinæ,
quos in perpetuum Wiccamicis suis elargitus est. Obiit Jan. 24º.
Aº. Dni. 1774. Ætatis lxxxiv. Johannes Smyth, M.D.
“From the same font, with reverence let me boast,
The classic streams with early thirst I caught;
What time, they say, the muses revelled most,
When Bigg presided, and when Burton taught.”
So wrote Whitehead to Bishop Lowth.
40. WARTON, JOSEPH, D.D. 1768 (May 7, 1766), F.R.S. He
was the eldest son of the Rev. Anthony Warton, vicar of Basing-
stoke, and professor of poetry at Oxford; and born in 1722, at
Dunsford, Co. Surrey. He entered Winchester at fourteen years
of age, but becoming superannuate, removed to Oriel College in
Sept. 1740, and graduated B.A. in 1744. He was ordained to his
father's curacy in that year, and in Feb. 1746, left it for Chelsea,
and before his return to Basingstoke served the cures of Chobham,
Chawton, and Droxford. In 1746 he published his “Odes”; and
in 1748 was presented by the Duke of Bolton to the rectory of
Winslade. In 1751 he accompanied that nobleman to Paris ; in
1753 he took a part in the publication of the “ Adventurer”, con-
tributing to it an essay on the tragedy of “King Lear”, and pub-
lished his “Poetical Version of the Eclogues and Georgics of
Virgil”, which he had commenced in 1748. Three other volumes
appeared, published at intervals, in 1763, 1770, and 1778. In 1754
the Jervoise family presented him to the rectory of Tamworth ; and
in 1755 he was elected Hostiarius of Winchester. In the following
year, Sir George, afterwards Lord, Lyttelton, appointed him to be
his chaplain, and he published his “Essay on the Writings and
Genius of Pope". On May 7, 1766, he became head-master of the


360
[1797.
THE ROLL OF
a
66
School. In 1782 he was installed canon of St. Paul's, and inducted
rector of Thorley, Herts, a living which he exchanged for Wick-
ham, Hants; in this year he also published the second volume of
his “Essay on Pope”. In 1788 he obtained a canonry at Win-
chester, and the rectory of Easton, which he changed for Upham in
1792. He resigned the head-mastership in July 1795; and retired
to Wickham, where he completed his edition of “Pope”, in nine
volumes, in 1797. He was an intimate friend of Baron Eyre,
Collins, and Dr. Johnson; was a constant visitor at the tables of
Mrs. Montague, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Mr. Wilkes; and was
an original member of the Literary Club. The faults of Warton
were a deficiency in moral courage, and the due exertion of disci-
pline, with a lack of accuracy in verbal criticism. Often he would
suffer a boy to slur over a difficult passage in a Greek play, while
he complained of noises, and called out to the ostiarius and bible
clerk to put a stop to an interruption inaudible to those in the form
up at books”. Bishop Huntingford used to relate the story with
glee, that as a boy, when they came to a stiff Greek chorus, he
would whisper to his neighbour, “Ah! we now shall have a
noise!” Warton's great point was his promotion of skill in com-
position, and of refined taste in reading the classics; all else was
sacrificed to this; indeed, so lax grew his discipline, that his anno-
tated Virgil was thrown at his head by one of the boys immediately
before the rebellion broke out. A Quarterly reviewer does him
justice.
“No men contributed so much as the Wartons to the reforma-
tion of English poetry. They brought us back to the study of the
Elizabethan writers. Under the elder brother, Winchester may be
almost said to have become a school of poets. There the author of
" Lewesdon Hill” was bred, who is only to be censured for having
written so little, when he wrote so well. Headly, who, had his
life been spared, would have trod in the steps of those predecessors
whose merits he so judiciously appreciated; Russell, whose early
death is perhaps more to be lamented than even that of Chatterton,
so beautiful was the promise of his youth; and Bowles, to whom
we gladly offer our thanks for the pleasure which we derived from
his poems in our younger days. Here many names occur which
require more than the cursory notice, which is all we can now
bestow. Young, who brought with him a strong devotional pas-
sion, which produced the greater effect, because passion of every
kind had been banished from poetry. Collins, whose exquisite
Odes, after lying for years neglected in the booksellers' ware-
a
1793.]
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
361

houses, have become the storehouse from which manufacturing
poets extract epithets to debase and misapply them.”-No. XXIV,
art. 3, vol. xii, 1815, p. 89.
Many are the stories told of his time. His brother Tom was
a great favourite with the boys, frequently writing “ tasks" and
vulgus” for the slow or idle. Upon one occasion, a well-known
dullard produced an elegant copy of verses; the wary doctor de-
tected the handwriting : “ Tell my brother,” said he, “to give you
half-a-crown, or I will flog you.” When a Wykehamist under-
,
graduate had edited a classical volume, he brought it into school in
triumph to pulpiteus, and showing it to Lisle Bowles, who was
senior-prefect, said, “When will you do a like work ?" He en-
couraged every kind of elegant wit or acquaintance with the graces
of literature; he liberally rewarded a boy, who, in construing
Horace, closed the book, and recited Pope's Imitation. One
(varying" must not be forgotten : the theme was given out “decus
et tutamen”: a boy much tormented for his eccentricity in wearing
a wig came up in turn, and said, holding up the abomination,
a

“ Hæc coma, quam cernis, varios mihi suppetit usus,
Tutamen capiti nocte, dieque decus."
a
Upon his resignation the boys presented to him a massive silver
épergne; the inscription upon it was written by Sir Henry Parnell,
afterwards M.P., and David (now Lord) Erskine; he wrote in
reply a beautiful Latin poem. He died, aged 78, on Feb. 23, 1800,
at Wickham rectory. He is buried in Winchester cathedral; and
a tablet was erected to his memory after the design of Flaxman.
The epitaph is : H. S. E. Josephus Warton, s. T. P., hujus ecclesiæ
Præbendarius, Scholæ Wintoniensis per annos ferè xxx Infor-
mator; poeta fervidus, facilis, et politus; criticus eruditus, perspi-
cax, et elegans; obiit xxiij'. Feb. M.Dccc. ætat LXXVIII: hoc
qualecunque Præceptori optimo desideratissimo Wiccamici sui P. c.
The monument, which does not cover his grave, represents him
seated in a chair, teaching from a book three Winchester boys, -a
scholar and two commoners. In the background are bas-reliefs of
Homer and Aristotle, to represent Poetry and Criticism.
41. GODDARD, WILLIAM STANLEY, D.D. (July 26, 1793),
of St. Dunstan's, Stepney; born Oct. 9, 1757; admitted scholar of
Winton, Sept. 7, 1771; of Merton College, Oxford ; second-master,
Sept. 6, 1776; canon of St. Paul's, and of Sarum; rector of Bepton,
Sussex; and vicar of Wherwell, Hants. He died Oct. 10, 1847,
at Andover. Ten years before his death he invested £25,000 three

362
[1836.
THE ROLL OF
per cent stock, to provide annual stipends for the masters at
Winton. Scholarships were founded in his honour in 1846.
42. GABELL, HENRY DISON, D.D. (Jan. 24, 1810), of St.
Maurice's, Winton: fellow of New College, Oct. 10, 1784. He
was the son of the Rev. H. Gabell, fellow of Magdalen College,
and rector of Stanlake, Oxon. His first promotion was to the
head-mastership of Warminster School. In 1788 Lord Chancellor
Eldon presented him to the rectory of St. Laurence in Winchester;
and on Aug. 31, 1793, he became second-master of Winton. In
1812, by the patronage of Charles Leigh, Esq., he was instituted to
the rectory of Ashow, Warwickshire; and in 1820, through the
good offices of Lord Eldon, rector of Binfield, Berks. He married
on Jan. 11, 1790, Miss Gage, daughter of the rector of Holton,
Oxon. He resigned the head-mastership in 1823; and received a
candelabrum weighing 200 ounces, and two massive tureens, sub-
scribed for by his pupils. He died April 18, 1831, aged 67. He
was the author of a political tract on the Corn Laws, 1796; and a
Fast Sermon, 1802; and maintained a literary correspondence with
Dr. Parr.
43. WILLIAMS, DAVID (Jan. 15, 1824). See Wardens of
New College, No. 37.
44. MOBERLY, GEORGE, D.C.L. (1836), “ de St. Petersburgh,
Russia; nat. Sept. 28, 1803; adm. Oct. 19, 1816; rec. superann.
Jul. 12, 1822.” He became a fellow of Balliol College in Oxford;
took a first class degree in classics at Easter, 1825; obtained the
English Essay in 1826; and was public examiner in 1830 and
1833; and select preacher in the latter year. He is the author of
an Introduction to Logic; Practical Sermons; Sermons at Win-
chester, 2 vols.; and “Discourses on the Sayings of the Great
Forty Days”.
The name of the late Second-master must not here be omitted,
one who during his tenure of office imbued himself with the spirit
of a Wykehamist. The Rev. Charles Wordsworth, M.A., second son
of the late master of Trinity College, Cambridge, was educated at
Harrow, and was elected student of Christ Church, Oxford. He
gained the prize for Latin verse (Mexicum), 1827; and for the
Latin Essay, 1831. He took first-class honours (classics) in 1830.
He is now warden of Trinity College, Glenalmond, N. B.
1442.]
363
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

PRELATES.
The † denotes a Fellow of New College; the I, a member of New College,
as Chaplain or Commoner ; the *, a Scholar of Winchester College ;
the $, a Commoner of Winchester College.
† DE CRANLEY, THOMAS, D.D. (1386), principal of Hart
Hall; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; warden of New College,
1382-1385; canon of York, July 3, 1395; chancellor of the Uni-
versity of Oxford, 1390; he went over to Dublin as archbishop in
1398, with Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey, Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland. Henry IV appointed him chancellor; and Henry V ad-
vanced him to be justiciary of the realm, 1413. He died on May
25, 1417, at Faringdon, and was buried in New College chapel;
he was a benefactor to the library of the Society. He refused a
cardinal's hat.
† CHICHELE, HENRY, D.D. (1389), was born at Higham
Ferrers, co. Northants, about the year 1362, and was the eldest son
of Sir Robert Chichele, twice lord mayor of London. In 1396 he
was appointed rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, which his father
built; rector of Sherston; canon of Shaftesbury, Wilton, and
Abergwilli, 1400. By his patron, Richard Melford, Bishop of
Sarum, he was appointed archdeacon of Dorset, Sept. 3rd, 1397;
chancellor of Sarum, Dec. 14th, 1404; archdeacon of Sarum, Jan.
9th, 1402 ; canon of Lichfield, Oct. 2nd, 1400. In 1406 he acted
as ambassador at the courts of France and Innocent VII, and in
1407 of Pope Gregory XII, who presented him to the see of St.
David's. In 1409 he sat as one of the English representatives in
the council of Pisa; in 1410 he was again ambassador in France.
.
On March 4th, 1413, he was translated to the metropolitan church
of Canterbury, and nobly resisted the encroachments of Pope
Martin V; that haughty pontiff threatened the country with an
interdict, and the primate with condign punishment; the Arch-
bishop of York, and three other bishops, wrote word to Rome that
Chicheley was the example of every public and private virtue; the
University of Oxford made a similar remonstrance, calling him the
'golden candlestick of the English Church, the darling of the
people, and the good father of his clergy.” In 1402, he founded a
college at Higham Ferrars, and Bernard College, now St. John
Baptist's, at Oxford. The library at Canterbury, the bridge of


AA

364
[1435.
THE ROLL OF
Rochester, the Lollards-tower of Lambeth palace, were raised by
his munificence. At the age of fourscore he entreated Pope
Eugenius to suffer him to relinquish the care of his province : “My
hands are”, said he, “ too heavy laden, aged and infirm, to bear
the burden any longer.” His crowning work and memorial is the
College of All Souls, Oxford, of which he was the sole founder.
This prelate, one of the first and best men of his
age,
the strenuous
assertor of the liberties of the Church of England, expired April
12th, 1443, scarce a year after his pathetic appeal to be set free in
life from his charge, and have a space permitted to him wherein to
prepare for death. He is buried beneath a superb monument in
the north aisle of the choir of Canterbury, the nave and south tower
of which were for the most part erected through his munificence.
We can hardly realise the activity and vigour of Chicheley's mind;
while taking a prominent part in affairs of state, attending the king
in camp and field, at Rouen, Montereau, and Melun, he found
time to hold eighteen synods of his clergy, and enact salutary
measures for the good of the university and ecclesiastics. In 1431
he gave 200 marks to Oxford, and the first University chest was
made for their reception. He was the originator of the constitution
made by the synod of London, that ecclesiastical benefices should
be conferred upon graduates only, who would " no more be suffered
to grow old and grey-headed in the university.” An unanimous
decree was made that the university chaplain, year by year, should
recite his name in the public schools among the benefactors, and
that a solemn anniversary should be perpetually observed on the
day when it should please God to call him out of this world.
His arms were, or, between three mullets; a chevron, gules.
CHAUNDELER, John, Bishop of Sarum, Nov. 15th, 1415–
July, 1426, is said by Bishop Godwin to have been a Wykehamist.
† BECKINGTON, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1408), a native of Wal-
lingford, Berks. He was tutor to King Henry VI; rector of St.
Leonard's, Sussex; and vicar of Sutton Courtney; canon of York,
and Lichfield; archdeacon of Bucks, 1435; master of St. Katha-
rine's Hospital, and dean of the Arches; in that office he was one
of three commissioners appointed by the synod of London to draw
up a legal form, according to which proceedings might be taken
against the followers of Wyccliffe. Having been tutor to King
Henry VI; chancellor of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester; and the
author of a treatise on the Salic law, proving the king of England's
title to the crown of France, now among the Cottonian manu-
scripts; he rose to be secretary of state, lord keeper of the privy
1465.]
365
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

seal 1443, and bishop of Bath and Wells, receiving consecration on
Oct. 13th, 1443, among the ruins of the old church of St. Mary of
Eton, and celebrating his first pontifical high mass under a pavilion
raised over the foundation-stone of the new chapel. “ Thomas
Beckyngton, episcopus Bath: et Wellens : episcopalibus initiatus est,
Oct. 13, 1443, in Capellâ Coll. Etonensis, ejus fundamentis tantùm
positis, præsente rege; dedicata est eodem die ab ipso novo epis-
copo, qui primùm ibi missam celebravit.”—MS. Ayscough, 4840,
f. 169. In 1449 he sumptuously entertained the king at Win-
chester College. So generous a patron of letters was he, that
scholars called him the Mæcenas of his age. He expended 6,000
marks upon houses attached to his see, built the west cloister of
Wells, and a market cross and conduit in that city. He gave in
1465 a silver cross, a Bible in four volumes, a valuable silver
charger, and copes, and the manor and alien priory of Newton
Longueville, to New College on Aug. 18th, 1443; and built the
rector's lodge in Lincoln College, Oxford. He, on St. Thomas'
day, 1443, by royal commission, gave admission to the provost and
fellows into Eton College. He bestowed the manor of Allington,
the lands of Vale Barn in Weeke, vestments, and two large candle-
sticks for the altar, and a superb chalice, upon the College at
Winchester; he also contributed to the building of the tower. His
rebus, a beacon and tun, are carved on Thorburn's chantry, the
walls of Lincoln College, and the houses of the Vicars' Close at
Wells. He died at Wells, Jan. 14th, 1465. His beautiful chantry
occupies a bay in the south side of the choir, close to the altar steps.
His arms were argent; between three bucks' heads caboshed,
or; and three pheons, sable ; on a fess, azure, a mitre, or.
# WAYNFLETE, WILLIAM OF; his original name was Patten or
Barbour, but he thus styled himself after his birthplace in Lincoln-
shire. After completing his studies at New College, and having
received holy orders, he accompanied Robert Fitzhugh, sometime
Bishop of London, on a mission to Rome in 1429. In the same
year he was appointed head-master, and about this period received
the mastership of St. Mary Magdalen Hospital by Winton. In
1442 he removed to the newly-founded school of Eton, and on Dec.
21st, 1443, was promoted to be provost. On the feast of St.
Thomas, Bishop Beckyngton, with the Earl of Suffolk, as commis-
sioners, assembled for the first time the whole College of Eton in
the still unfinished choir beneath awnings, and admitted Wayn-
flete, who took the oath upon the Holy Gospel; the two witnesses,
William Say and Richard Andrew, were also Wykehamists (MS.


A A 2

366
[1546.
THE ROLL OF
Aysc. 4841, f. 155). In 1454, with Bishop Chedworth, of Lincoln,
visitor, he reformed the statutes of Eton and King's College (MS.
Ayscough, 4844, f. 189). In 1449 he is mentioned in the accompts
of Eton as contributing yearly £75 to the works. On the very day
of Cardinal Beaufort's death, April 11th, 1447, the king wrote to
the convent of St. Swithin, recommending them to elect William
Waynflete for their bishop; on Aug. 30th, 1448, he attended in
person the ceremony of his favourite's enthronization in the church
of Winchester. He baptised the young prince born on St. Edward's
day, 1453. Loyal and devoted to his sovereign, his wise counsels
were heard during those troubled times, during rebellion at home,
losses in France, and the threatenings of Richard of York; and
when the heroic Margaret once more restored the kingdom to her
feeble husband, the good prelate was raised to the onerous place of
the chancellorship, on Oct. 11th, 1456. The horrors of the civil
wars, and the anxious watching of each party as it alternately rose
into the ascendancy, and his own powerlessness to heal the fury of
a people raging together, induced the weary chancellor to resign:
three days before the battle was fought at Northampton on July
7th, 1460, he gladly laid down the great seal; in a touching letter
to the pope, his royal master bore a splendid testimony to his
fidelity. His worth recommended him to Edward IV; on Feb. 1st,
1469, he received a full pardon; on July 24th, 1483, Richard III
visited his foundation at Oxford; and Henry VII confirmed all the
gifts which had been made to his college. Well did he deserve
the favour of princes; all his influence had been exerted to effect
a reconciliation between the Yorkists and Lancastrians; but he
desired the blessing and love of One by Whom kings rule; his
wealth was devoted to complete the buildings at Eton which King
Henry had left unfinished; and to found that superb college of St.
Mary Magdalen, which is now one of the most beautiful even
among the palaces of Oxford. When about to be advanced to the
mitre, he was found at sunset in St. Mary's chapel, weeping, and
only after long prayer to God consented to bear the burden. Often
in after years was he heard to murmur the words, “He that is
mighty hath magnified me: and holy is His name"; they form the
motto which he added to his arms. To his judgment Eton and
King's College are indebted for their statutes; and in them their
founder desired that, besides the names of King Henry, Queen
Katharine, and Queen Margaret, within twelve days before the
feast of the Nativity, a solemn mass should be sung for the soul's
health of Waynflete. “Necnon singulis annis infrà duodecim dies
1502.]
367
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

festum Natalis Domini proximo præcedentes, ubi congruentiùs
fieri poterit, pro animâ reverendi in Christo patris Willelmi Win-
toniensis Episcopi nuper præpositi nostri Regalis Collegii, quùm ab
hâc luce migraverit, animabusque omnium benefactorum ejus Re-
galis Collegii, solennes exequiæ cum commendationibus atque
missâ in crastino celebrentur.”—Statutes of Eton College, 1444,
cap. xxxj. ed. Heywood & Wright, 1850. Also the Statutes of
King's College, rubr. XLII: “Mense Januario xiijº die exequiæ
Gul. Wanflete etiam celebrantur: dantur singulis, ij. d. Consue-
tudinarium Vet. Scho. Eton."--Harl. MSS. 7044, f. 167, Ibid. p. 626.
The good old man had his desire; he lived to see the union of the
Roses, ere he departed on Aug. 11th, 1486.
+ KINGSCOTE, John, D.C.L. (1434), archdeacon of Glou-
cester, March 9th, 1461; bishop of Carlisle; appointed by papal
provision July 12th, 1462, he received the temporalities on Oct.
12th. He died in 1463.
I DENE, HENRY, D.D., commoner of New College. In the year
of our Lord God 1502, on the 16th day of February, departed
Henry, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the manor house of Lambeth;
from it he was borne down the river Thames in a funeral barge, lit
with gilded tapers, and attended by thirty-three seamen, to Fa-
versham, and so to Canterbury, three score knights and fifty burn-
ing tapers being about the car, whereon was laid his effigy, appa-
relled in a bishop's robes. He was buried on St. Matthew's day
in the martyrdom of St. Thomas à Becket, by the side of John
Stafford, lately primate. He was never installed in his throne,
though he was metropolitan during three years; elected April 26th,
1501; confirmed by papal bull May 26th; and receiving the tem-
poralities on Aug. 2nd; he resigned the see on July 27th, 1502;
nor had he a trental, as custom was, because of his poverty.
Thomas Wolsey and Richard Gardiner, his chaplains, received from
his executors the charge of his interment. He had been abbot of
St. Mary's Llanthony, 1493, and through the influence of Cardinal
Morton was promoted to be deputy, justiciary, and chancellor of
Ireland, Sept. 1493; bishop of Bangor in 1498, where he repaired
church and palace, which had been burned down by Owen Glen-
dower. He was translated to Sarum in 1500, and preferred to be
chancellor of England Sept. 14th, 1500; and within two years was
elevated, in Jan. 1502, to Canterbury. He was employed in nego-
ciating a marriage between King James of Scotland and the Prin-
cess Margaret. He built the greater part of Otford house, and
made the iron-work on the coping of Rochester bridge. His arms



368
[1494.
THE ROLL OF
were, or, a chevron between three choughs, as many croziers in
pale.
† RUSSELL, JOHN, D.C.L. (1449), visitor of Eton College: a
native of St. Peter's parish in Winchester. A man of mild dispo-
sition, and of rare learning, piety, and wisdom. He was the tutor
of the Prince of Wales, and successively appointed canon of Sarum
and archdeacon of Berks, Feb. 28th, 1446. He was consecrated
bishop of Rochester on Sept. 20th, 1476; and was translated to
Lincoln in 1480, receiving the temporalities Sept. 9th. In Feb.
1470 he went as an ambassador to invest the Duke of Burgundy
with the garter; his address on the occasion was the first specimen
of Caxton's press; in Feb. following he was appointed to treat with
the French ambassadors; and in 1472 concluded a peace with the
Duke of Burgundy while secondary of the privy seal; in 1475 he
became keeper. During the brief reign of Edward V he became
.
lord chancellor. King Edward IV left him as his executor. The
Protector, afterwards Richard III, confirmed him in the office in
May 1483, in which he will be remembered as introducing the act
for remitting the imposition of taxes, called benevolences; he in
September 1784, regulated the treaty with Scotland.
On July
29th, 1485, he relinquished his office, two days before the Earl of
Richmond landed at Milford Haven, and retired to Buckden, where
he repaired the episcopal palace. From 1484 to 1490 he acted as
the first perpetual chancellor of Oxford, and, as an additional mark
of the confidence which the university reposed in him, it re-elected
him although he resigned the office, and he continued to retain it
until his death on Jan. 30th, 1494. In 1488 he published some
admirable“ Aulary Statutes for the government of the University" ;
and was the author of a “Commentary upon the Canticles”; and
a treatise, “ De potestate summi Pontificis et Imperatoris”. In
Jan. 1486 it was his business to declare Henry VII king, who em-
ployed him as a trier of petitions, and in negociations with the King
of the Scots and the Duke of Bretagne. He was a great encou-
rager of scholars; and Sir Thomas More mentions him “as a wise
man, and a good, and of much experience, and one of the best
learned men undoubtedly that England had in his time.” He died
at Nettleham Jan. 30th, 1494, and is buried in a chantry chapel at
Lincoln. His arms were, azure, two chevronells between three
roses, or.
+ MAYHEW, RICHARD, D.D. (1455), a native of Hungerford,
Wilts; proctor, 1469; elected president of St. Mary Magdalen
College in Oxford, Aug. 23rd, 1480; he was lord almoner to King
1502.]
369
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

Henry VII, and escorted the Lady Katharine of Arragon, the bride
of Prince Arthur, from Spain to England. On Aug. 9th, 1492, he
laid the foundation of the unrivalled tower of Magdalen College,
Oxford. He was chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1502
to 1505; archdeacon of the East Riding, May 1501; and of Ox-
ford, Jan. 9, 1492. He received consecration as bishop of Hereford
in Oct. 1504. He died on April 18th, 1516, and is buried on the
south side of the altar in Hereford cathedral. His beautiful monu-
ment in the south choir-aisle still remains. He bequeathed his
crozier and 500 marks to his church. He was a candidate for the
wardenship when Walter Hyll was elected.
† JANYN, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1456), a native of Middleton,
Dorset; he was sub-warden and proctor, 1469; archdeacon of
Essex, July 21st, 1480; canon of St. Paul's, 1471; vicar of St.
Sepulchre's, London, March 2nd, 1474; and of St. Bride's, Dec.
1st, 1484; canon of Windsor, 1497; dean of the King's Chapel,
1497; commissary or vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1468; and bishop
of Norwich, Oct. 17th, 1499. He died at Folkstone abbey in Sept.
1500, and is buried in Norwich cathedral. He gave a house and
lands at Curtlyngton to New College.
† WARHAM, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1475). He left college in
1488, being presented to the rectory of Horwood, March 8th, 1487;
he shortly afterwards acted as moderator in the Civil Law School
at Oxford and advocate in the court of Arches. On Jan. 21st,
1490, he was appointed master of St. John's Hospital, Southbourn-
broke. On Nov. 18th, 1493, he was appointed precentor of Wells;
and on Feb. 13th, master of the rolls; during his tenure of this
office in the year 1494, receiving a daily pension of twenty shil-
lings : he set forth as ambassador with Sir Edward Poynings to the
court of the archduke of Austria, to remonstrate with him upon
the
protection and countenance which he had given to Perkin Warbeck.
In 1495 he became rector of Barley, Hereford. On Feb. 24th,
1496, he was one of five English commissioners who arranged a
treaty of commerce with the Fleming merchants, Philip and Henry
VII having in mutual disgust hastily suspended the trade between
the two countries, to their common loss. On April 28th, 1496, he
was collated archdeacon of Huntingdon. Warham had won the
royal regard, and the see of London falling vacant, was promoted
to that bishopric, and installed Oct. 5th, 1502 ; he likewise re-
ceived the office of keeper of the privy seal, and was appointed lord
chancellor. With the integrity of character which distinguished all
his acts, Warham used his endeavours with his master to proceed



370
(1529.
THE ROLL OF
no further in the ill-fated betrothal of the Princess Katharine of
Arragon to Prince Henry, boldly asserting it was not honourable in
the eyes of man, nor well pleasing to the Almighty. In Jan. 1504
Warham was translated to the primacy. On May 28th, 1506, by
the unanimous vote of the University, he was elected chancellor of
Oxford. Once more, upon the accession of Henry VIII, he inter-
posed his advice, but was overruled by the imperious king, who
from motives of policy now urged on his marriage, which was cele-
brated on June 3rd, 1509; and on the 24th day of that month the
coronation of that unhappy lady and the sacrilegious tyrant, by
Archbishop Warham, then the first subject in rank in the cere-
mony, took place in St. Peter's abbey in Westminster. Wolsey
was rising into favour, and envied Warham his high place; after
repeated acts of insubordination, parading the silver cross of York
in his province, and interfering with his privileges, he procured the
rank of cardinal, and legate in Nov. 1515. On Dec. 22nd, Warham
resigned the great seal, and Wolsey was his successor.
His arro-
gance did not cease here; on June 1st, 1518, despite the protesta-
tions of Warham, the convocation placed the statutes of Oxford in
the hands of the cardinal for reformation at his pleasure. To the
eldest of King Henry's sons Warham had stood godfather. But
his warnings had their fulfilment. Influenced by the violence of a
new passion, Henry now longed for a divorce. It was the task of
Warham to ascertain the opinion of the University of Oxford, and
the judgment of the bishop, with respect to the lawfulness of his
marriage. Fourteen years before he had ominously said, “See you
how this Wolsey is drunken with success"; in 1529 the favourite
was disgraced, and the great seal once more offered to him; he
was aged and drew nigh his end, and he refused it. Dean Colet
was his friend; Erasmus dedicated to him his edition of St. Jerome,
calls him the Mæcenas of scholars, and again and again celebrates
his mild virtues, his generosity, and learning. His theological
books he bequeathed to All Souls' College ; his books of church
music to St. Mary's, Winton; and to New College his collections
of civil and canon law and Greek works, which he had collected
from the Greek refugees who fled to England after the fall of Con-
stantinople. He died poor.
He died poor. While he lay a dying, he demanded
of his steward how much money yet remained to him: “ Thirty
pounds”, answered the man weeping. “ Satis viatici ad cælos,
't will suffice the traveller to heaven”, murmured the expiring pre-
late. None had ever shown more impartiality or penetration in
giving judgment; none of his predecessors had ever equalled the
1521.]
371
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

depth of his legal learning. He died in 1532, in his brother the
archdeacon of Canterbury's house at St. Stephen's near Canterbury,
and is buried on the north side of the martyrdom of his cathedral.
William Warham and Thomas Wells, D.D. bequeathed 40s. a
year a piece to three fellows, priests; and to four poor scholars,
20s. a year each.
† SHYRBERN, ROBERT, D.D. (1474). He was employed in
several embassies of King Henry VII. He was archdeacon of
Bucks, Feb. 13, 1495; master of Trinity Hospital, Kingsthorpe,
April 18th, 1492; canon of Lincoln, May 1st, 1488; dean of St.
Paul's; archdeacon of Huntingdon; master of St. Cross Hospital;
on May 4th, 1505, he received the temporalities of the see of St.
David's, being consecrated on Whit Sunday. He was afterwards
translated to Chichester. In 1520 he founded four prebends :
Bursar, Exceit, Wyndham, and Bargham; to which only fellows of
the St. Mary Winton Colleges are eligible. On July 9th, 1536,
being then ninety-six years old, he resigned his bishopric, retiring
upon a pension of £400 a year. He died Aug. 21st, 1536. He
adorned the walls of the transept of his cathedral in 1519 with two
large pictures on panel, the work of a Flemish artist; they repre-
sented the foundation of the church by Ceadwalla, and the esta-
blishment of four prebends for Wykehamists. He likewise gave
the stalls in the choir, and caused the vaulting of the 'triforium to
be painted in rich colours. Fuller adds: “He often inscribed for
his motto, “Dilexi decorem domus Tuæ, Domine!' and sometimes,
• Credite operibus.'”
+ YONGE, JOHN, D.D. (1482), was elected warden of New
College on April 13th, 1521. He was born at Newton Longueville.
Fuller says that “there are no fewer than ten Youngs in the
register, reckoned fellows of that foundation, and one said, that
seeing the college was always New, well may many fellows be
Young therein”; he was admitted fellow in 1482, and resigned in
1502, being then rector of St. Martin's Carfax, or “ Quatrevois”, in
Oxford. In 1509 he acted as a commissioner to arrange the ar-
chives of the university. On Aug. 12th, 1510, he was admitted
warden of the hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr d'Acre in London.
On March 28th, 1514, he was instituted archdeacon of London;
having on July 3rd, 1513, read his profession as elect of Callipolis
in Thrace and suffragan bishop of London, he on Feb. 3rd, 1513-4,
was consecrated in his church of St. Thomas by Richard of London,
and promised obedience to the archbishop of Heraclea.
« Some
English earth doth not well with such Grecian air, and for his





372
(1512.
THE ROLL OF
better support he was made master of the rolls, 1 Hen. VIII.” On
Jan. 28th, 1513-4, he was collated to the church of St. Christopher-
juxta-La Stoke; and on March 30th, to the church of St. Magnus
the Martyr by London bridge. In 1517 he was dean of Chichester
and judge of the Prerogative court; in 12 Hen. VIII, prior of St.
Mary and St. Eustache Priory of Shulbrede, co. Sussex. He died
March 28th, 1526, and is buried in New College chapel, where a
brass and incised stone were laid down to his memory.
† KNIGHT, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1482), of Drakenford, Hants :
secretary to kings Henry VII and Henry VIII ; the latter sent him
as ambassador to the Emperor Maximilian, who on July 14th, 1514,
granted him by patent a coat of arms; he was made dean of
Newark, 1515; archdeacon of Chester, 1522; and of Huntingdon,
Sept. 17th, 1523. He was also sent on a mission with the Lady
Margaret, governor of the Low Countries. His good services in
the matter of the king's divorce, wherein he apprised his master
that his suit speeded at the court of Rome, procured for him
further promotion, a prebend in St. Stephen's, Westminster, 1529;
the archdeaconry of Richmond, Dec. 7th, 1529; the prebend of
Farendon, in Lincoln; on May 29th, 1541, he was consecrated
bishop of Bath and Wells, in the chapel of the bishop of Bath's
house in the Minories, by Nicholas, bishop of Rochester, assisted
by the suffragans of Dover and Bedford. He died Sept. 29th,
1547, and is buried under the great pulpit which he had built in
the nave of his cathedral. He was also a prothonotary of the
apostolic see. He built a stately cross in the city of Wells, with
the legend, “ Laus Deo, pax vivis, requies defunctis”. His arms
were, party, per fess; or and gules ; an eagle with two heads, sable,
having on his breast a demi-rose and demi-sun conjoined into one,
countercharged of the field,
† WELLYS, THOMAS, D.D. (1484), prior of St. Gregory's,
Canterbury, 1505; chaplain of Archbishop Warham; canon of
Chichester, March 29th, 1508; chancellor of South Malling, Sus-
sex; bishop of Sydon. He in 1524 founded three exhibitions for
priests, fellows of New College.
† YNGE, Hugh, D.D. (1484), a native of Wells, co. Somerset.
He travelled beyond seas, where he was created D.D.; on his
return he was appointed succentor of Wells, 1503; canon of Wells;
rector of Warpenham, Northants; canon of Westbury; vicar of
Wellow, near Bath; of Oldeston, co. Lincoln; Dultynge, co. So-
merset; and Weston. He was appointed notary public on Feb.
5th, 1507. In 1512 he was consecrated to the see of Meath, and
a

1560.]
373
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
in 1521 was translated to Dublin, and became chancellor of Ireland.
He died Aug. 3rd, 1528, and is buried in the cathedral church of
St. Patrick.
+ HOLYMAN, JOHN, D.D. (1512), of Codyngton, Bucks; rec-
tor of Winge, Bucks; Colerne, March 28th, 1556; and of Hanbo-
rough, Oxon; after a residence in Exeter College, he took the
habit of a religious in St. Mary's abbey at Reading, which he did
not leave until the dissolution in 1535. He wrote and preached
vigorously on the behalf of Queen Katharine's marriage. On Nov.
18th, 1554, he was consecrated to the see of Bristol, in the Bishop
of London's chapel. He died in Dec. 1558, and is buried in Han-
borough church. He gave the works of St. Augustine, St. Jerome,
St. Cyprian, St. Irenæus, and Tertullian, to the College library.
His arms were, argent, between three roses, gules ; a chevron, sable.
PENNY, JOHN, of Lincoln College, Oxford, D.C.L.; conse-
crated bishop of Bangor, 1504; and Carlisle, 1509; is said to have
been a Wykehamist. He died in 1519, and was buried in St.
Margaret's church, Leicester.
+ TROBYLFYLDE or TURBERVYLDE, JAMES, DD. (1514),
scribe of the University, 1520-1523. He was consecrated bishop
of Exeter on Sept. 8th, 1555; and is remembered as a benefactor
of that see, having procured the restoration of the manor of Cre-
diton; his mild and tolerant spirit preserved his diocese from the
horrors of persecution. He was deprived in Jan. by Queen Eliza-
beth, and sent to the Tower on June 18th, 1560. He is buried in
Exeter cathedral. His arms were, ermine ; a lion rampant, gules ;
crowned, or.
+ WHITE, JOHN, D.D. (1521), of St. Andrew's, Farnham, co.
Surrey, was elected fellow of New College, 1521; and on March
23rd, 1534, was admitted M.A. He became warden of Winchester
Jan. 13th, 1541, and rector of Cheyton, Hants. In 1541 he like-
wise assisted as confessor to the unhappy Catherine Howard. Of
a blameless life, deeply learned, and richly gifted with eloquence as
a preacher, he was consecrated bishop of Lincoln, in St. Saviour's
church, Southwark, by Stephen Gardiner, whom he succeeded as
bishop of Winchester in May 1556. He preached at his funeral ;
and on March 25th, 1556, was one of the prelates who received
Cardinal Pole at Bow church, which was hung with arras and cloth
of gold for the august ceremonial. In 1537, Dec. 10th, he was
appointed commissary or vice-chancellor of Oxford. On Dec. 14th,
1558, he preached the funeral sermon at the grave of his royal
patron, Queen Mary, in St. Mary's chapel in Westminster abbey :



374
[1560.
THE ROLL OF
carried away by his love for that sovereign, and apprehensive of the
downfall of his faith, he was betrayed into the utterance of an im-
prudent saying. His text was: “Laudavi mortuos magis quàm
viventes, et feliciorem utroque judicavi qui necdum natus est”'
(Eccles. iv, 2). Moved to tears, he descanted on the virtues of the
dead
queen, and alluded to her successor as one whom they must
obey, since “ melior est canis vivus leone mortuo”; yet was not to
be praised as her sister, for “ Maria optimam partem elegit”. This
provocation, added to the part which he bore in the disputations
at Westminster between the Roman Catholic and Reformed divines,
drew down upon him the displeasure of Elizabeth ; and, on April
3, 1559, with the Bishop of Lincoln, he was conveyed by water,
under a guard, to the Tower of London : he had been a prisoner
there for many months, in 1550 and in 1551, on a charge of receiv-
ing letters from beyond seas,—sent thither by the infamous Duke
of Somerset. On June 26, his bishopric was declared void; on
July 7, he was permitted to depart to the house of his brother,
alderman White; on January 12, 1559-60, after bearing a painful
ague contracted in the damp cells of his dungeon, he was released
from fear of earthly imprisonment, at the house of Sir Thomas
White (the founder of St. John Baptist College, Oxford, and co-
founder of Merchant Taylors' School), in South Warnborough,
Hants. According to his wish, he was buried in the cathedral of
Winchester, saying, in his will, “My desire is to be buried in my
church of Winton, ut in novissimâ die resurgam cum patribus et
filiis, quorum fidem teneo, gregi meo, quem superstitem relinquo,
committo, et moriens morte meâ confirmo, sicut vivens ubique præ-
dico.” Wykehamists must ever regard this good man with peculiar
love; for to his efforts must be attributed the preservation of the
ancient school, at the time when the neighbouring College of St.
Elizabeth of Hungary was destroyed. He first wrote a controversy
in verse, -writing an elegy, “De Eucharistiâ”, to confute Peter
Martyr. He bequeathed to Winton College, his mitre and crozier,
a Turkey carpet, and some plate ; and to New College, Dec. 1st,
1558, the manor of Hall Place, Hants, in order that every newly
admitted fellow should receive 13s. 4d. His arms were, party,
per chevron crenelle, or and gules ; three roses countercharged of
the field, striped proper, or; a chief of the second; charged with
three hourglasses of the first.
† YONGE, THOMAS, D.D. (1527): principal of Broadgate Hall,
and precentor of Worcester. He was born at Newton Longue-
ville, Bucks; and consecrated Bishop of St. David's, on Jan. 21st,
-

1615.]
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
375
1559. He was translated to York on Jan. 27th, 1560. He died
on June 26th, 1568, at Sheffield, and is buried in his cathedral.
† OWEN, LEWIS, B.C.L. (1553), was the son of a freeholder
in Llanveinan, Isle of Anglesey. Dr. Thomas Stapleton, his school-
fellow, dedicated to him the first part of his “Promptuarium
Catholicum,” Parisiis, 1595. He was regius professor of theology
at Douai; vicar-general of Cardinal Borromeo; chancellor of Milan;
and was consecrated bishop of Cassano, on Feb. 3rd, 1588. He
died Oct. 14th, 1594, and was buried in St. Thomas's Chapel, in the
English College of Rome.
† MERICKE, JOHN, D.D. (1557), of Moule, Isle of Anglesey :
proctor, 1565; vicar of Hornchurch, April 25th, 1570.
consecrated at Lambeth bishop of Sodor and Man, on April 15th,
1576. He died Nov. 7th, 1599, in Yorkshire.
| UNDERHYLL, JOHN, D.D. (1563): proctor, 1576; rector of
Lincoln College, Oxford, June 22nd, 1577; vice-chancellor of Ox-
ford, 1584. In 1577, he was instituted vicar of Bampton; and on
March 15th, 1586, rector of Witney. He was also a royal chap-
lain, and dean of Wallingford; and on Dec. 13th, 1589, was con-
secrated bishop of Oxford at Lambeth. He died in London, May
12th, 1592, and is buried in his own cathedral, near the grave of
Bishop King
† BYLSON, THOMAS (1567), a native of Winchester, and of
German extraction: on Nov. 12th, 1576, he was installed canon of
Winchester; and on June 13th, 1596, was consecrated bishop of
Worcester, in Lambeth Chapel, by Archbishop Whitgift; on May
13th, 1597, he was translated to the see of Winchester; he was
admitted a privy-councillor, Aug. 21st, 1615. Having preached
at St. Paul's Cross, upon the sufferings of the Redeemer, he was
assailed by the puritans; but at the desire of Queen Elizabeth,
who was his guest at Farnham Castle, he published his doctrine
in a treatise : he also, in 1585, printed a work on “Christian Sub-
jection”, to justify the revolt of the Low Countries from the King
of Spain. He preached the consecration sermon of King James I,
St. James's Day, 1603, on Rom. xiii, 1. With Dr. Miles Smith,
he added the last hand to the translation of the Bible. He was
one of the most eminent of the Elizabethan divines, and a master
of literature, writing in a style of elegance to which his cotempo-
raries did not attain-adding to it a deep and profound scholar-
ship. He was the author of a treatise on “ The Government of
Christ's Church”, 1593, and “On Christ's Descent into Hell”. He
died June 18th, 1616, at Westminster, and is buried in the south


376
[1650.
THE ROLL OF
6
aisle of the choir of St. Peter's Abbey, near St. Edmund's Chapel,
and the tomb of King Richard II. His arms were, argent and
gules; a double rose, the inside one gules, the other argent; and
a pomegranate, or, seeded, proper; conjoined in pale.
He was
elected warden on March 11th, 1580.
I ROWLANDS, HENRY, chaplain of New College, the son
of Robert Rowland and Elizabeth Vaughan; D.D., 1605; was born
in the parish of Mellbeyrn, in Llyn, Caernarvonshire: was edu-
cated first at Fenllech, and admitted at Oxford in 1569, and was
at St. Mary's Hall in 1574 : rector of Launton, Oxon. He founded
two fellowships in Jesus College, Oxford, a school at Mellbeyrne,
and a hospital at Bangor. On Nov. 12th, 1598, he was consecrated
bishop of Bangor; the cathedral church he roofed anew, and gave
to it a peal of four fine bells. He was successively rector of Mell-
beyrn, Sept. 15th, 1572 ; of Aberdaron, Sept. 30th, 1588; prebend-
ary of Renmynydd, Aug. 4th, 1584; dean of Bangor, Aug. 29th,
1593. “When he was making his will, and leaving great legacies
to his relations and to public charities, and nothing to her but the
share the law gives, and that by the custom is half, and the third
of his lands, his wife asked him, When you give thus all away,
what will you leave me?' He replied: ‘Lame I found thee, and
lame I leave thee.' But for all that jest her legal share came to a
great estate.” He died July 6th, 1616, aged 65, and is buried in
Bangor Cathedral, in the same grave with Humphrey Lloyd. His
monument was greatly injured by the rebel soldiers in 1650.
| LAKE, ARTHUR, D.D. (1589), brother of Sir Thomas Lake,
Secretary of State to King James I, of St. Michael's, Southampton:
fellow of New College, Oct. 27th, 1589; of Winton, 1600; master
of St. Cross Hospital, 1603 ; archdeacon of Surrey, 1605; dean of
Worcester, April 23rd, 1608 ; rector of Stanton, July 8th, 1613;
of Havant, 1600; and of Colerne; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1616;
on Oct. 17th, 1616, he was consecrated bishop of Bath and Wells.
He gave 101. a-year out of Stable Hall to endow lectures in Hebrew,
logic, and arithmetic; besides books to the library of the value of
4001. He founded libraries at Worcester and Wells; to the former
cathedral he gave an organ. He died May 4th, 1626, at the age
of 59, and is buried in the south choir aisle, near the bishop's throne.
He was an ancestor of General Lord Lake.
+ HYDE, ALEXANDER, D.C.L. (1617), first cousin of Lord
Chancellor Clarendon, and ancestor of the naval worthies of the
name of Hyde, was born in St. Mary's parish, Sarum : through his
family interest he was installed dean of Sarum, May 1637; canon

1665.]
377
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS,
a
-
of Lincoln, Jan. 5th, 1638; dean of Winton, Aug. 8th, 1660. He
was consecrated bishop of Sarum, on Dec. 31st, 1665, in New
College Chapel, by the primate, the court being then at Oxford.
He died Aug. 22nd, 1667, aged 70, and is buried in the south
choir aisle of his cathedral. His arms were —; a chevron
charged with a mullet, between three lozenges -: his portrait
is in the episcopal palace at Sarum.
§ EARLES, JOHN, D.D. (1616), born at York, 1600 : fellow of
Merton College, Oxford, 1620; proctor, 1631; chaplain to Philip
Earl of Pembroke ; rector of Bishopston, Wilts; chaplain and tutor
to Prince Charles; chancellor of Salisbury, 1643; dean of West-
minster, June 1660; royal chaplain and clerk of the closet; bishop
of Worcester, Nov. 30th, 1662 ; of Sarum, Sept. 28th, 1663. He
died in University College, Nov. 17th, 1665, during the plague,
and was buried in Merton College Chapel. He translated Hooker
and “Eikon Basilike” into Latin, and was the author of “ Micro-
cosmography.”
| BUE, WILLIAM, D.D. (1631), of Heyburne, Berks: D.D., July
6th, 1666 : elected proctor, Lent 1647; vicar of Adderbury, Oxon,
Feb. 2nd, 1660. Being ejected from his fellowship by the rebels
in 1648, he passed over into Sweden and acted as chaplain of the
troops : consecrated bishop of Llandaff, June 22nd, 1679. He
died Feb. 10th, 1705, aged 90, and is buried in the churchyard
Adderbury. Walker says, that he was deprived of his fellowship
for being in arms on the royal side, by the delegates. Archbishop
Tenison told Kennet, that a “very few years before he died, the old
bishop was very desirous to be translated to another Welch see, and
wrote to him on that subject, valuing his former services, etc.; to
which the primate replied, that at ‘his years he should think but
of one translation, to a seat above’.” He contributed 1001. to the
repairs of St. Paul's Cathedral. Arms, azure, a lion rampant; in
pale, or. Crest, a dexter-hand holding a curtel-axe proper.
* GROVE, ROBERT (1645), of Donhead, Wilts : bishop of
Chichester, Aug. 30th, 1691.
I OWEN, MORGAN : student of Jesus College, in 1608, and
afterwards chaplain of New College. He was installed bishop of
Llandaff, March 12th, 1639, and built the porch of St. Mary's
Church in Oxford. He died, sinking down in his chair, Jan. 1644-5,
at Glass Alt, Caermarthen, upon receiving the news of the martyr-
dom of Laud, and is buried on the north side of the high altar of
Monthvay.
I BRIDEOAKE, RALPH, D.D. (1660), of Brasenose College :



378
[1702.
THE ROLL OF
was some time chaplain of New College; he was afterwards master
of Manchester School; canon of Winchester; dean of Salisbury,
Sept. 7th, 1667; and bishop of Chichester, being consecrated April
18th, 1675. He died Oct. 5th, 1678, and is buried in St. George's
Chapel, Windsor.
I GOUGH, FRANCIS, D.D.: some time chaplain; chancellor of
Limerick ; bishop of that see, Sept. 17th, 1626. He died Aug. 24th,
1634, and was buried in the cathedral.
| BARROW, ISAAC (1643), the uncle of the celebrated mathe-
matician. In July 1630 he was elected scholar of St. Peter's col-
lege, Cambridge; and in Dec. 1641 was appointed vicar of Hinton.
Being ejected by the rebels, he repaired to New College, where he
acted as chaplain until the surrender of Oxford. At the Restora-
tion he was elected fellow of Eton College (July 12, 1660) and
Peter House ; in 1660, presented to the rectory of Downham ; and
in July 1663 was consecrated bishop of Sodor and Man, in Henry
· VII's Chapel, in Westminster. In April 1664 he was appointed
governor of the Isle of Man; on March 21, 1669, he was translated
to St. Asaph. In both dioceses he left lasting monuments of his
zeal, benevolence, and liberality. He died at Shrewsbury, June 24,
1680, and is buried in the cemetery of St. Asaph. He collected
£1,081, in England, to purchase all the impropriations in the Isle
of Man; he obtained an annual grant, from the king, of £100, and
likewise gave liberally, of his own means, to promote the education
of candidates for holy orders, the augmentation of small livings,
and the promotion of education. Bishop Wilson speaks glowingly
of this good man.
I LLOYD, WILLIAM, D.D., born at Tilehurst, Berks, 1627;
scholar of Jesus College, Oxford, 1639; rector of Bradfield, 1654;
canon of Ripon, Sept. 1660 ; royal chaplain, 1666 ; canon of Sarum,
Dec. 1667; vicar of St. Mary's, Reading, 1668; archdeacon of Me-
rioneth, June 13, 1668 ; canon of St. Paul's, dean of Bangor, May
3, 1672; vicar of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Dec. 6, 1676; bishop
of St. Asaph, Oct. 3, 1680. He was one of the seven bishops sent
to the Tower in 1688. On Oct. 20, 1692, he was translated to
Lichfield, and to Worcester, 1699; lord almoner, 1702 ; but re-
moved, owing to his political leanings, shown during an election.
Bishops Burnet and Wilkins commend his learning; Burnet and
Pole, the author of the “Synopsis,” began their works at his re-
commendation.
I GUNNING, PETER, D.D., born at Hough, Kent, Jan. 11,
1613, and educated in the King's School, Canterbury, and in Clare

1688.]
379
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
Hall, in Cambridge. His zeal in the king's service caused his
expulsion from his fellowship; he was incorporated M.A., as
chaplain of New College, July 10, 1644. With the Restoration,
his hopes of preferment revived; he was installed canon of Canter-
bury; elected master of Corpus Christi, 1660, and St. John's Col-
leges, June 25th, 1661; and Margaret and Regius professor of
divinity in Cambridge. He sat as proctor of the chapter of Can-
terbury, and of the clergy of Peterborough, in the convocation of
1661; was one of the commissioners at the Review of the Book of
Common Prayer; and occupied a prominent place among divines
in the Savoy conference. In 1670 he was consecrated bishop of
Chichester, and in 1674 was translated to Ely. He was as cha-
ritable as he was learned; his sees, St. Paul's cathedral, and the
societies of Clare Hall and St. John's, all participated in his bounty.
He was the author of the prayer “The General Supplication,” and
of a treatise “ On the Lent Fast.” He died, aged seventy-one,
July 6th, 1684, and was buried in the presbytery of Ely. His arms
were, gules, on a fess, between three doves, argent; three crosses
patées of the first.
* WISEMAN, CAPEL, D.D. (1651), son of Sir William, of Can-
ford, Bart. ; he migrated from St. John's College, Cambridge, en-
tered at Queen's College, and became fellow of All Souls' College,
Oxford, and chaplain to his godfather Arthur Capel, the Earl of
Essex, and lord-lieutenant of Ireland; dean of Raphoe, Sept. 4th,
1676; and was consecrated bishop of Dromore, Dec. 23rd, 1683.
He died in Sept. 1696.
+ TURNER, FRANCIS, D.D. (1655), of Hurst, Wilts, son of Dr.
Thomas Turner, dean of Canterbury, and canon of St. Paul's; be-
came a fellow commoner of St. John's, Cambridge, May 8th, 1666;
prebend of Sneating in St. Paul's, Dec. 7th, 1669; master of St.
John's College, Cambridge, April 11th, 1670; vice-chancellor,
1678; dean of Windsor July 20th, 1683; he was consecrated in
Lambeth chapel bishop of Rochester, Nov. 11th, 1683; he was
afterwards lord almoner, and was translated to Ely, July 16th; con-
firmed, Aug. 23rd, 1684. He was shortly after elected president
of the society of Sons of the Clergy; he was deprived Feb. 1st,
1690. He was the great friend of Bishop Kenn (their names are
carved side by side in cloisters); and preached the coronation
sermon (1 Chron. xxix, 23) of King James II, April 23rd, 1685.
He used to regret that the bishops had not entered into mutual re-
cognisances for each other instead of going to the Tower on June
8th, 1688. He was admitted rector of Thurfield, Herts, Dec. 20th,

BB

380
[1679.
THE ROLL OF
1664, where he greatly improved the parish church at his own
cost; he died Nov. 2nd, 1700, at Thurfield, where he is buried.
Kennet says, that he came to St. Mary's at Oxford when bishop,
,
" and a very bright sermon was preached by his brother of Trinity;
the Earl of Thomond sat next the bishop, and seeming mightily
pleased with the sermon, he asked him the name of the preacher;
the bishop told him it was one Mr. Turner.
• Turner?' says my
Lord Thomond; "he can't be akin to Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ro-
chester; he is the worst preacher in England, and this is one of the
best,' seeming not to know the bishop, when certainly he knew him
very well.” (Lansd. 987, f. 218). He preached the sermon before the
Sons of the Clergy, Dec. 4th, 1684.
† KENN, THOMAS (1659), the son of a London attorney, was
born in July 1637, at Little Berkhamstead, Herts. At four
At four years
of age he was left motherless: five years more, and he was an orphan.
To the care of his brother-in-law, the famous angler, Izaak Walton,
his young boyhood was intrusted. In 1656, he was entered at New
College, where he took his part as a singer in Antony à Wood's
Glee Club, and made friendship with Francis Thynne, the pupil
of Hammond, and George Hooper. At Winchester, his earliest
“socius” was Francis Turner, his companion in after suffering.
Their names are carved together in cloisters. In 1663, he was in-
stituted to the rectory of Little Easton, Essex. After two years,
he returned to Winchester as a fellow, and became chaplain to
Bishop Morley: his patron bestowed upon him a stall at Winton,
the living of Brighstone, and of Woodhay, Berks, which he resigned
in 1672 to Hooper. He undertook the cure of a neglected church
at Winchester, St. John Baptist, whither he drew crowds by his
eloquence, and converted even anabaptists through his pious toil.
In 1674, he published his “Manual of Prayers for the use of scho-
lars of Winchester College”, which in sixty years was reprinted
twenty-four times; to it are subjoined the hymns for morning and
evening, appended to the Book of Common Prayer, and daily sung
in many a dwelling, at cottage hearth, and in the solemn service of
the sanctuary. In 1675, Kenn, with his nephew Walton, visited
Rome. It was
It was the year of the jubilee; multitudes of pilgrims at-
tended the magnificent festival in the holy city; but the true-hearted
churchman returned with a keener love for the sober ceremonial of
his own reformed communion. After his return to Winchester, he
in 1679 received the office of chaplain to the Princess of Orange :
his remonstrances with her husband on account of his coldness to-
wards her, and his noble-minded rebuke of the immoral Count
1685.)
381
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

.
Zulenstein, lost him the future king's favour, and he resigned the
arduous place within a year. On his arrival from Holland in 1680,
King Charles II, who was building a palace at Winton, appointed
him to be his chaplain; and once again in honour, his firmness
never deserted him: he refused to countenance the monarch's sins.
In July 1683, he sailed as chaplain to Lord Dartmouth, in his expe-
dition to Tangiers: the vicious Pepys, and infamous Colonel Kirke,
the governor of the port, were put to shame by his mild reproofs. In
April 1684, he was once more at home: he landed to mourn over the
grave of his kind friend, old Izaak Walton, and within a few months
had to attend the burial of his patron Morley. On January 25th,
1684-5, he received consecration as Bishop of Bath and Wells, at
Lambeth: the first exercise of his ministrations was beside the bed
of the dying Charles; three days and three nights he kept his
watch, speaking like a man inspired, praying ceaselessly to prepare
the king for death, and prevail upon him to beg for pardon of his
forgiving queen, and join their long sundered hands. When Kenn
went down to Wells, he found all the horrors of civil war and re-
bellion raging in his diocese. After the fatal rout at Sedgemoor,
he prevented the reckless barbarity of Lord Feversham—sent his
pathetic remonstrance to the throne against the cruelties of Kirke
and Jeffries—visited the prisons, bringing food and raiment to the
men who but a few days since had ravaged and profaned his cathe-
dral. It was his task to prepare the Duke of Monmouth for death:
his part was to offer devotions. In his diocese he published simple
tracts, preached and visited, established schools and libraries, and
enforced catechizing, which he aided by his exposition, the “Prac-
tice of Divine Love”. Every Sunday, twelve poor bedesmen dined
with him in the Palace-hall. When the atrocious revocation of
the Edict of Nantes was proclaimed, he was foremost in the good
work of sending aid and money to the oppressed Protestants of
France. Moving, fluent, fervent, crowds came up to hear him
preach; and the Princess Anne had to order a place to be reserved
for her, when she wished to hear him in the chapel of Ely House.
Evil days were in store for Kenn. The “Declaration for Liberty
of Conscience” was issued by the infatuated James.
Kenn was
one of the remonstrants against the proclamation, and was present
when the petition of the bishops was offered to the king. The
monarch declared it flat rebellion. « Nay, sire,” replied Kenn,
“we will do as Scripture bids us; we will honour you; we must
fear God.” “God's will be done,” he added, when the king cried
that he would be obeyed. He shared the cell in the Tower with


66
B B 2

382
[1814.
THE ROLL OF
-
Sancroft and his school-fellow Turner, and he was with them at
the trial in Westminster Hall, and the acquittal, when the shouts
of the multitude rejoicing, told the “last of the Stuarts” that the
days of his kingdom were numbered. Twice he entreated King
James to pause in his career of ruin. At length the Prince of
Orange landed. Kenn had longed for his interposition; he would
give in his adherence, but for the sake of conscience he would not
renew his oath of allegiance. Kenn was ejected from his see. Sad,
indeed, was the weeping crowd of old and young, his aged bedes-
men, and the child who held his hymn-book in her hand, who
blessed the venerable bishop as he bade them for ever farewell.
One book he always carried in his bosom,-it was the best,—a worn
Greek Testament, the true and silent witness of his thoughts; it
opens of itself at 1 Cor. xv, the chapter of the Resurrection. A
successor was consecrated to Wells; he solemnly protested against
such an act of schism, and retired to the calm seclusion of Long-
leat, the princely mansion of his college friend. The last time that
he wore his robes in public was at the funeral of the learned Ket-
tlewell. He earnestly entreated Bishop Hickes and the non-jurors
to return to the English Church. For himself, now old and infirm,
he refused the kind offer of Queen Anne, to restore him to Wells.
He was now seventy-four years of age; he was on his way to Bath,
having been stricken with the palsy, when he rested for the night
at friendly Longleat. The physician told him that he had but a
few days to live. “God's will be done,” said the sinking prelate.
He wrapped himself in his shroud; and on March 19th, 1710, de-
parted in peace unto his Lord, and those whose bodies lay asleep
in the aisles of Winchester. At sunrise, two days after his death,
he was laid in his last home, under the chancel wall of Frome Sel-
wood, in the hope that in the last day the Sun of Righteousness
may dawn upon his waking. A plain iron grating, like a bier, with
a mitre and pastoral-staff, marked his resting-place; until, in 1844,
some pious persons enclosed it within a Gothic monument. Yet
none could mourn for such an end: preacher, patriot, poet, pastor ;
varying, indeed, had been the lights and shadows that fell upon his
pilgrimage, from sequestered Berkhampstead to the last hours of
resignation, like those of an early saint: whether winning crowds
heavenward, with splendid pulpit oratory, or making his hermitage
of devotion in the peaceful domain of the Thynnes, amid holy stu-
dies and Christian meditation, at all times the endearing light of
primitive piety surrounds his acts, and the spirit of calm breathed
from every hour of his closing life. .
1709.]
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
383

“An awful, reverend, and religious man!
Of sixty years he seemed, and well might last
To sixty more, but that he lived to fast :
Refined himself to soul, to curb the sense,
And made almost a sin of abstinence.
Yet had his aspect nothing of severe,
But such a face as promised him sincere;
Nothing reserved or sullen was to see,
But sweet regards and pleasing sanctity.
And oft with holy hymns he charmed their ears,
A music more melodious than the spheres ;
For David left him, when he went to rest,
His lyre ; and after him he sang the best.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered,
Nor to rebuke the rich offender feared :
His preaching much, but more his practice wrought,
A living pattern of the truths he taught.”
Dryden's Good Parson.
† MANNINGHAM, THOMAS, D.D. (1671), of St. George's,
Southwark, was the son of the rector of Mychelmersh, Hants. He
was tutor of the son of Sir John Robinson, Lieutenant of the Tower;
and in 1680, was inducted rector of East Tysted, Hants. In Nov.
1684, he became preacher at the Rolls' Chapel, and afterwards lec-
turer at the Temple. On Sept. 8th, 1691, he was instituted to the
rectory of St. Andrew's, Holborn. On Jan. 28th, 1692, he was in-
stalled canon; and on Feb. 26th, 1708-9, dean of St. George's,
Windsor. While chaplain to Queen Anne, he refused to say prayers
in an outer-room while her majesty was dressing within, declaring
that he would not whistle devotions through a key-hole.” He
did not lose the mitre for his boldness; for on Nov. 10th, 1792, he
was consecrated bishop of Chichester. He died in Greville-street,
Holborn, in August 1722, and is buried in the parish church.
† TRIMNELL, CHARLES (1681), born Dec. 29th, 1663, at the
rectory of Ripton Abbotts : D.D., 1699; was preacher at the Rolls,
1688; in Aug. 1689, he was appointed chaplain to the Earl of
Sunderland; on Dec. 4th, 1691, he was installed prebendary of
Norwich; he was successively rector of Boddington, 1694; of
Brington, 1696; and on Aug. 5th, 1698, installed archdeacon of
Norwich. In 1701, he was made chaplain to Queen Anne. In
1703, he was a candidate with Dr. Braithwaite for the wardenship
of New College. In 1705, he became vicar of St. Giles', Norwich;
and on Oct. 4th, 1706, rector of St. James's, Westminster. On Feb.
8th, 1707, he was consecrated bishop of Norwich. His chaplains



384
[1765.
THE ROLL OF
were Dr. Samuel Clark and Mr. William Whiston. He engaged
in a controversy with Mr. John Johnson, the learned divine, in
which he betrayed his lax opinions in matters ecclesiastical, and in
points of doctrine. King George I appointed him clerk of the
closet. In Aug. 1721, he was translated to Winton. He died
Aug. 15th, 1723, at Farnham Castle, aged sixty. By his will, he
was buried near the Founder, in the Cathedral of Winton, His
arms were, or; a cross, gules; over all a bend, argent.
† BISSE, PHILIP (1685); D.D., 1705; of Oldbury, co. Glou-
cester. His “rise was by the distaff”; he was chaplain to Lady
Plymouth, and afterwards married her; he was consecrated on
Nov. 19th, 1710, to the see of St. David's; and on Feb. 16th, 1712,
was translated to Hereford. He died in Westminster, on Sept.
6th, 1721.
| DOWNES, HENRY, D.D. (1688), of Leighton, Beds: rector
of Brington, North Hants ; fellow of Winton; vicar of Barrington.
He was bishop of Killala, May 12th, 1717; he was translated to
Elphin in June 1720; to Meath, 1724; and to Londonderry in
1726. He was buried in St. Mary's Church, Dublin, on Jan. 14th,
1734.
† BRADSHAW, WILLIAM (1695), D.D., 1723, born in 1674,
of Abergavenny, South Wales : proctor, 1710; rector of Fawley,
Oxon; canon of Canterbury, March 1718; canon, 1723; dean of
Christ Church, Oxford, elected Sept. 17th, 1724. On Oct. 18th,
1724, he was consecrated bishop of Bristol, holding the deanery
in commendam. He died at Bath, Dec. 16th, 1732. He was the
author of “ Histories of Christ Church and Bristol Cathedral.” His
arms were, argent; two bendlets, sable.
| EGERTON, Hon. HENRY (1696), D.C.L., 1717, fifth son of
John, third Earl of Bridgewater: canon of Christ Church, Oxford.
He was consecrated bishop of Hereford on Feb. 2nd, 1723. He
was buried on April 5th, 1746, in St. James's Church, Westminster,
beneath the altar.
* COBB, CHARLES, D.D. (1699), of Trinity College, Oxford.
He was born in Colebrook-street, St. Peter's, Winchester. He ac-
companied Charles, Duke of Bolton, lord-lieutenant, as his chap-
lain, to Ireland in 1717, and nobly refused to accept St. Mary's,
Dublin, when it lapsed owing to a flaw in Dean French’s nomina-
tion. He was rector of Skeen, co. Meath ; and was consecrated
bishop of Killala, May 30th, 1720; Dromore, Feb. 1726; Kildare,
March 1731 ; and translated to Dublin in March 1742. He died
April 14th, 1765.

1766.]
385
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
| LAVINGTON, GEORGE, D.C.L. (1707), son of Joseph La-
vington, rector of Newton Longueville; born at Mildenhall in Jan.
1682. His schoolboy manuscript translation of Virgil's Eclogues,
in the style of Theocritus, is still preserved at Winton. He
became rector of Hayford Warren, Oxon, Oct. 30th, 1717-30; and
by institution of Bishop Potter, rector of Hook Norton. Earl
Coningsby appointed him his private chaplain, and procured a royal
chaplaincy and a stall in Worcester for him. Dean Hare obtained
a stall for him in St. Paul's in 1732; and he presented himself to
the rectory of St. Mary, Aldermary, and St. Michael, Bassishaw;
in 1746, he succeeded Bishop Stillingfleet in the deanery of Wor-
cester; and on Feb. 8th, 1747, Bishop Clagget, in the see of Exeter,
through the influence of the Duke of Newcastle and Lord Chan-
cellor Hardwicke. He died Sept. 13th, 1762, and is buried in the
south aisle of his cathedral. His last words were, Aoča tự Oev.
He married F. Maria, daughter of Mr. Lave, of Corfe Mullen, Dorset.
He was author of a tract “On the Nature and Use of a Type”,
1724; “Enthusiasm”, 1747; and the “Moravians compared and
detected”, 1753.
I WESTON, STEPHEN, D.D. (1711), son of a farmer at Farn-
borough, Berks: fellow of King's, 1782; and of Eton, Oct. 9th, 1707;
second-master, and vice-provost; vicar of Maple-durham, 1715-24;
canon of Ely, June 23rd, 1715; consecrated bishop of Exeter, Dec.
28th, 1724. He died Jan. 8th, 1741-2, aged seventy-seven, and is
buried in his cathedral.
† REYNELL, CAREY (1713), D.D., 1730: senior proctor, 1728;
of St. Paul's, Covent Garden; chancellor of Bristol, 1712. He was
consecrated bishop of Down and Connor, on Nov. 18th, 1737; and
translated to Londonderry in 1743. He died two years after, on
Jan. 1st, 1745.
| LOWTH, ROBERT, D.D. (1731). This accomplished prelate,
# )
who could illustrate with equal ease the dry technicalities of English
grammar and the sublime poetry of the inspired Hebrew, was born
on Dec. 8th, 1710, in the Close of Winchester. In 1737 he accom-
panied as tutor the Marquis of Hartington on a continental tour.
In 1736 he was instituted rector of Overton; from 1741 until 1751
he held the important office of professor of poetry at Oxford; in
1750 he was appointed archdeacon of Winchester, and in 1753
rector of East Woodhay. In 1755 he accompanied his pupil, now
lord-lieutenant, to Ireland ; through the influence of the Devonshire
and Dartmouth families, and his patron Bishop Hoadley, he was
consecrated on June 15th, 1766, to St. David's, and in July was



386
[1822.
THE ROLL OF
a
translated to Oxford, and finally in 1777 to London. The archie-
piscopal throne was proffered to him, but he desired no higher dig-
nity. In early life he obtained a signal victory over Warburton;
in 1758 he published a life of the Founder; in 1778 a translation
of the Prophet Isaiah; and Lectures on the Poetry of the Hebrews,
in Latin, reprinted by Michaelis, and translated into English by
Dr. Gregory in 1787. At home he was held in the highest respect
for his talents; and foreign critics were not slow to acknowledge
the elegance and accuracy of his writings. He died on Nov. 3rd,
1787, aged seventy-seven, and is buried at Fulham.
+ BATHURST, HENRY, D.C.L. (1761), of Mixbury, Oxon: he
was born at Brackley, Northants, Oct. 16th, 1744; seventh son of
Benjamin Bathurst, of Sydney, Esq., and Catharine, daughter of
the Rev. Dr. Brodrick. He was admitted scholar Sept. 11th, 1756.
He was successively rector of Stapleton and Witchingham, Norfolk,
1776; vicar of Cirencester; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1775;
and canon of Durham, 1789. On March 9th, 1805, he was conse-
crated bishop of Norwich. On May 27th, 1808, he made a cele-
brated speech in favour of Roman Catholic emancipation: “I have
"
lost Winchester," he said, “but I have saved my conscience.” He
was the author of some single sermons and two charges. He died
in Hertford-street, aged ninety-three, and was buried in the priory
church of St. Mary at Great Malvern, on April 14th, 1823. There
are portraits of the bishop by G. Hayter and Sharp.
& STUART, WILLIAM, Co. Præ. 1764; S. T. P. 1789; the fifth
son of John, Earl of Bute, prime minister, and Mary, daughter of
Edward, son of the celebrated Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. He was
a member of St. John's College in Cambridge, and proceeded A.M.
1774. His father presented him to the vicarage of Luton, Bedford-
shire. Boswell, under the date April 10th, 1783, mentions having
introduced him to Dr. Johnson, as “ being truly worthy of his ac-
quaintance; being, with all advantages of high birth, learning,
travel, and elegant manners, an exemplary parish priest in every
respect.” In 1789 he was promoted to a canonry of Christ Church,
Oxon; in 1793 he was raised to the see of St. David's, and in Dec.
1800 was translated to the primacy of all Ireland; and on Jan. 25th,
1801, was sworn in a privy-councillor. He married in April 1796
Sophia Juliana, daughter of Thomas Penn, of Stoke Pogis, Bucks,
and Lady Juliana Fermor. He died in Hill-street, Berkeley-square,
May 6th, 1822, aged sixty-eight. He is buried at Luton, Beds.
* BURGESS, THOMAS, D.D. (Sept. 10th, 1768), born at Odi-
ham, Hants, on Nov. 19th, 1756; he obtained a scholar's gown
1828.]
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
387

Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Feb. 21st, 1775; and in 1780 won
the chancellor's prize for the English essays. On Dec. 10th, 1787,
he was elected fellow of his college in the room of Walter King,
Bishop of Rochester; and shortly afterwards was nominated tutor.
Shute Barrington, Bishop of Sarum and Durham successively, col-
lated him to the canonry of Wilsford and Woodford in Sarum,
1787; and in Durham cathedral, 1791. Mr. Addington promoted
him to the see of St. David's in 1803. To his zeal and bounty we
owe the college of St. David's, Lampeter, a theological seminary
for candidates for holy orders. The Bishop of Durham and Lord
Liverpool used their interest to obtain his translation to Sarum,
where he was enthroned on July 6th, 1825. He was one of the
founders and first president of the Royal Society of Literature
between 1821-1832. He died at Southampton, aged eighty, and
was buried in his cathedral on Feb. 27th, 1836, in the south aisle
of the choir. His monument is in the south end of the east tran-
sept, by Osmond of Salisbury. He was chancellor of the order of
the garter, F.R.S. and F.S.A. He was author of tracts and pam-
phlets on criticism, oriental languages, the slave trade, and divinity;
charges, and single sermons. W. Owen, R.A., painted him in his
robes.
† BUTSON, CHRISTOPHER, D.D. (1770), of St. Martin's, West-
minster; chancellor's prizeman, English verse, “On the love of our
country”, 1771; dean of Waterford, June 1784; chancellor of
Ferns, 1802; he was, on July 29th, 1804, consecrated bishop of
Clonfert. He died March 23rd, 1836, at Bath, and is buried in the
abbey church.
# HUNTINGFORD, GEORGE ISAAC, D.D. (1770), of St. Mau-
rice's, Winton, F.S.A. 1809: fellow of Winton, March 15th, 1785.
He was consecrated bishop of Gloucester June 27th, 1802; and
was translated to Hereford in 1812. He died April 29th, 1832.
He was the author of Greek odes, 1781; Monostrophics, 1732; a
fast sermon before the Commons, 1793; and before the Lords, 1804.
| HOWLEY, WILLIAM, D.D. (1785), gold medallist for English
verse 1782 and 1783; fellow of Winchester College, 1794; canon
of Christ Church, 1804; regius professor of divinity, 1809; tutor to
the Prince of Orange, afterwards King of Holland. On Oct. 10th,
1813, in the presence of the royal family, he was consecrated bishop
of London; and on August 4th, 1828, he was translated to Canter-
bury. He crowned George IV, William IV, and our present gra-
cious Queen, whom he christened at Kensington palace, and be-
tween whom and her consort he solemnized the marriage ceremony



388
[1840.
THE ROLL OF
on Feb. 10th, 1840. His munificent additions to the palaces of
Fulham, Addington, and Lambeth, were made in the spirit of the
great Founder. He edited the poems of poor Tom Russell in 1808.
He died Feb. 11th, 1848.
S MALTBY, EDWARD, D.D., F.S.A., born in 1770: of Pem-
broke College, Cambridge. He gained the gold medal for the
Greek ode in 1790 and 1791; the chancellor's medal in 1792, in
which year he was also eighth wrangler. He was chaplain to the
Bishop of Lincoln, canon of that cathedral, and rector of Buckden.
He is visitor of Durham University, count palatine of Durham, and
a senator of London University. In 1847 he sat on the commission
on the state of bishoprics. He edited Morell's “ Lexicon Græco-
Prosodiacum.” On October 2nd, 1831, he was consecrated bishop
of Chichester; and in 1836 was translated to Durham.
* MANT, RICHARD (1793), D.D. 1815, M.R.I.A., removed from
Trinity College, Oxford, to Oriel, where he obtained a fellowship.
In 1799 he won the chancellor's prize for an English essay on
“ Commerce". After having served the cures of Buriton and Spars-
holt, he was instituted to the vicarage of Great Coggleshall in
1810; to the rectory of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate-street, in 1815;
and in 1818 to the living of East Horsley. In 1813 he was ap-
pointed chaplain to the primate. In 1820 he was consecrated to
the see of Killaloe and Kilfenora, and translated to Down and
Connor in 1823, receiving the additional charge of Dromore in
1842. He was a voluminous writer. It will be sufficient to name
some of his more important works. An edition of the Holy Bible,
in conjunction with Dr. Doyly, 1817; an annotated edition of the
Book of Common Prayer, 1820; “The Happiness of the Blessed”,
1833; and a History of the Church of Ireland. He was Bampton
lecturer in 1812; the subject he chose being “An appeal to the
Gospel”, a defence of the clergy of the Church of England. He
died Nov. 2nd, 1849, at Ballymoney rectory, co. Antrim.
* JENKINSON, John BANKS, D.D. (1799), student of Christ
Church, Oxford; rector of Leverington, 1812; dean of Worcester,
1817; Brecon, and Durham, 1837; consecrated bishop of St. Da-
vid's July 24th, 1825. He died July 7th, 1840.
† LIPSCOMB, CHRISTOPHER, D.D. (1802), of Pontefract, York.
First bishop of Jamaica July 25th, 1824. He died April 4th,
1843. Chancellor's prizeman for Latin verse, “Fodinæ", 1802.
† SHUTTLEWORTH, PHILIP NICHOLAS, D.D. (1802), son of
the Rev. Humphrey, vicar of Kirkham; born Feb. 9th, 1782;
proctor, 1820; rector of Foxley, Wilts; bishop of Chichester Sept.
1847.]
389
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

20th, 1840. Chancellor's prizeman for Latin verse, “ Byzantium”,
1803. He died Jan. 7th, 1842.
† SHIRLEY, WALTER AUGUSTUS, D.D. (1818), of Westport,
Ireland. University prizeman, English prose, “On the study of Moral
Evidence”, 1822; vicar of Shirley, 1827; rector of Whiston, 1836;
and of Brailsford, 1838; archdeacon of Derby, 1840; bishop of
Sodor and Man, Jan. 10th, 1847; Bampton lecturer, 1847. He
died on April 21st in that year.
OTHER ECCLESIASTICS, AND LAYMEN.

KING HENRY V “studied at the New College at Oxford, under
the government of Henry Beaufort, his uncle on the father's side,
then chancellor of Oxford, after bishop of Winchester.”—Stow's
Annals, p. 342, ed. Lond. 1613.
† KETON, ROBERT (1386): chancellor of Winton, precentor of
Southampton.
† AYLMER, John, D.C.L. (1386): canon of Lichfield, Sept.
6th, 1398. 1419, Nov. 3rd. An anniversary of Dr. John Aylmer
was instituted to be held on the morrow of St. Martin, as he be-
queathed, among other gifts, “a certain jewel or choice memorial,
to the use of the chancellor thereof for the time being, that is to
say, a silver cup, with a cover and handles gilt; which cup, when
,
the chancellor was to lay down his authority, he was to give up
with his book and seal, and the new chancellor was to take it into
his possession.”
† WALTER, John, M.A. (1387): principal of Hart Hall, 1387-
1388.
† WARE, WILLIAM, M.A. (1387): principal of Hart Hall,
1388-1391.
† WYCHAM, JOHN, M.A. (1387): principal of Hart Hall,
1397-1398.
† BATHE, THOMAS, B.C.L. (1387): archdeacon of Meath, 1400;
chief-baron of the exchequer and lord-treasurer of Ireland, 1403.
† FYTON, John, M.A. (1390): archdeacon of Stafford, 1415;
chancellor of Sarum, March 7th, 1421; canon of York, July 20th,
1427.


390
[1445.
THE ROLL OF
| SUTTON, JOHN, B.C.L. (1394): canon of Lincoln, Jan. 14th,
1446.
* LANGWORTH, JOHN (1396): canon of Canterbury.
FIFTEENTH CENTURY.
† GREENE, JOHN, B.D. (1401): principal of Hart Hall, 1408.
† WYLDEBORE, NICHOLAS, M.A. (1403): dean of Astley, 1418.
† NORTON, JOHN, D.D. (1404): archdeacon of Sarum, Sept.
24th, 1432; Berks, Oct. 18th, 1433; chancellor of Lincoln, 1433;
proctor, 1439; chancellor of the university of Oxford, 1439.
† CUBULWYKE, THOMAS, B.A. (1408); canon of Lichfield,
Aug. 20th, 1436; of York, April 19th, 1423; archdeacon of Bucks,
Oct. 15th, 1424.
| CLERKE, JOHN, M.A. (1413): vicar of Adderbury, 1440;
provost of Eton, July 31st, 1447. He died Nov. 7th, 1447.
| HULSE, ANDREW, D.C.L. (1414): keeper of the privy seal;
canon of York, Aug. 7th, 1431; chancellor of Sarum, 1432; rector
of St. Dunstan's in the East, May 21st, 1435; canon of Lichfield,
May 17th, 1435; canon of Hereford, Sept. 4th, 1442; archdeacon
of the West Riding, Dec. 19th, 1442; of Wells, April 18th, 1450.
† FOWLER, THOMAS, S.C.L. (1414): chancellor of Sarum,
Oct. 14th, 1445.
† UPTON, NICHOLAS, B.C.L. (1415): canon of St. Paul's, April
10th, 1443; precentor of Sarum, May 14th, 1446.
† MORTON, JOHN, D.D. (1417): canon of Wells; sub-dean of
Lincoln, May 9th, 1450.
† HAWTRIVE, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1417): proctor, 1438 ; mo-
derator of the Civil Law School; commissary of vice-chancellor of
the university of Oxford. He died in 1441.
† ANDREW, RICHARD, D.C.L. (1421): first warden of All
Soul's College, Oxford, 1437-1442. He was a munificent bene-
factor to that foundation; besides gifts of vestments, chalices, and
books, contributing considerable sums to the new buildings. His
successive preferments were the chancellorship of Canterbury,
1437; the rectory of St. Vedast, London, July 24th, 1438. In
1440 he was prolocutor of the synod of London, and a guardian of
alien priories appertaining to the crown; on Oct. 28th, 1441, he
was appointed archdeacon of Sarum. In 1443, he was appointed
secretary to the King, and was afterwards employed on several
important missions to foreign courts, being ambassador to promote
peace between England and France, and the marriage between
King Henry V and the Princess Margaret of Anjou, whom he
1465.]
391
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

escorted to this country; and in various treaties with Scotland.
He was promoted to a canonry at York, Nov. 18th, 1445; a stall
in the Royal Chapel of St. George, at Windsor, 1451 ; to the deanery
of St. Peter's, York, Jan. 21st, 1451, and archdeaconry of Bucks, Nov.
18th, 1462. He was a benefactor to the cathedral of St. Asaph.
He resigned June 2nd, 1477, and died in the autumn of that year,
and is buried in the south transept of York cathedral.
† BOLNEY, BARTHOLOMEW (C.F.), M.A. (1421), lord chief
justice of England.
† SAY, WILLIAM, D.D. (1428), proctor, 1441 ; dean of the
King's Chapel ; canon of York, Nov. 2nd, 1443; of St. Paul's, April
15th, 1447; dean of St. Paul's, Nov. 21st, 1457; rector of the Guild
of Jesus Chapel; archdeacon of Northants, 1464; one of the
King's Council ; prolocutor of the synod of London, 1463. He died
Nov. 23rd, 1468.
† SELBY, WILLIAM, M.A. (1428), proctor, 1438.
+ WALKYNGTON, THOMAS, M.A. (1429), proctor, 1442; ca-
non of Lincoln, June 20th, 1452.
† YWYN, THOMAS, B.C.L. (1430), moderator of the Civil Law
School; commissary, or vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1452.
† WITNEY, WILLIAM, M.A. (1431): principal of Vine Hall;
of New Inn Hall, 1445-1457.
† LANGPORTE, JOHN, M.A. (1432): fellow of Eton College.
| HALL, THOMAS, B.D. (1433): canon of St. Paul's, London.
† SNARISTON, WILLIAM, M.A. (1433): proctor, 1446.
† MERSH, THOMAS, B.C.L. (1433): canon of Wells.
† EDMUNDS, THOMAS, D. Med. (1435): canon of Lichfield,
Dec. 14, 1450.
† SUGAR, HUGH, D.C.L. (1435): archdeacon of Bath, Feb. 26th,
1459; and treasurer, May 1st, 1460, of Wells. He died in May 1689.
† WESTBURY, WILLIAM, B.D. (1435), born at Alresford, Sur-
rey: master of St. Cross, 1465; canon of Sarum; and of Lincoln,
Sept. 25th, 1465; provost of Eton College, Dec. 6th, 1447. By
his courage he procured the annulment of the “Bulla Unionis”,
which was to merge the foundation of Eton in Windsor College. In
Nov. 1463 Pope Pius II, at the desire of King Edward IV, issued
a bull sanctioning the act of tyrannical spoliation ; but this intrepid
man in due form of law made a public protest in the chapel of St.
Martin-le-Grand, where appeals were usually made, in the presence
of the pope's nuncio on July 15th, 1465. He lived to see his exer-
tions rewarded by the revocation of the former bull by Pope Paul II.
† SELOTT, JOHN,D.C.L. (1436): archdeacon of Cornwall, March



392
[1484,
THE ROLL OF
20th, 1448. He died on March 11th, 1477, and is buried in Eton
College Chapel.
† DARSETT, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1438): canon of Hereford ;
rector of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London.
+ MASON, ROBERT, D.C.L. (1438): archdeacon of Northum-
berland, 1479; precentor of Lincoln, Feb. 12th, 1481; canon, Nov.
i
4th, 1483.
† JOYNER, MARTIN, D.D. (1441): chancellor of Lincoln, July
29th, 1481, and was buried in that cathedral He was also rector
of St. Michael's, Cornhill, May 1, 1482, and refused the warden-
ship of New College.
| FOSTER, THOMAS, M.A. (1441): fellow and head-master of
Eton College, 1452.
† SMYTH, CLEMENT, M.A. (1446): head-master of Eton Col-
lege, 1453.
† HILL, THOMAS, D.D. (1448): principal of White Hall, 1466.
† MORER, John, M.A. (1448): fellow of Eton College; proctor,
1461.
† PEVESEY, ROBERT, M.A.(1448): canon of St. Paul's, London.
+ COCKS, LAURENCE, D.C.L. (1450): proctor, 1464; modera-
tor of the Canon Law School; principal of New Inn Hall, 1468;
canon of Lichfield, March 29th, 1465. He died in 1501.
† FIELD, John, D.D. (1452): chaplain to King Edward IV;
fellow of Winchester College ; vicar of Isleworth, May 19th, 1461.
Cole says that the chapel of King's College, Cambridge, remained
in an unfinished state until Dr. Field, fellow in 1456, was chosen
fourth provost, Oct. 15th, 1479, and by his interest with the King
and Duchess of York promoted the building. On Jan. 10th, 1480,
he was appointed overseer of the works, and continued in that office
until June 14th, 1483. He died in 1499. He bore for his arms,
sable, a chevron, between three garbs, argent.
* GYGUR, JOHN, B.D.: fellow of Eton College, Nov. 16th, 1453;
warden of Merton College, 1471.
+ WHITEWAY, WILLIAM, M.A. (1453); proctor, 1465.
† SAVAGE, WILLIAM, B.A. (1454): canon of Lincoln, Aug. 4th,
1462.
| LAVYNDER, RICHARD, D.D. (1455): canon of Lincoln, Nov.
25th, 1481; archdeacon of Leicester, Oct. 5th, 1485.
* MOWCER, John: proctor, 1461; fellow of Eton College, Aug.
18th, 1470-73.
# BRENT, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1457): canon of St. Paul's, London,
Dec. 18th, 1479.
a

1619.]
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
393
† NEWCOURT, JOHN, D.C.L. (1458): canon of St. Paul's, 1484;
dean of the collegiate church of Auckland.
+ GYLES, John, D.C.L. (1461): canon of St. Paul's, April 9th,
1470.
† AYNESWORTH, HENRY, D.C.L. (1461): canon of Lincoln,
Aug. 14th, 1483.
† DOGOOD, JOHN, M.A. (1463): canon of Lincoln, Jan. 22nd,
1473; treasurer of Chichester; and chancellor of Sarum, Feb. 8th,
1485.
| ORME or SALTER, RICHARD (1464): canon ; and treasurer
of Lichfield; principal of New Inn Hall, 1504-5.
† GROCYN, WILLIAM, B.D. (1467), of Colemeaden (Wint.
Coll. Reg., of Bristol, Novi Col. Reg.) The fellows of Magdalen
College elected this accomplished scholar to be their reader of
divinity; and King Richard II, when he visited Oxford, was so
pleased with the eloquence of his disputations, that he conferred
upon him a royal guerdon. In 1480 he took a journey into Italy,
in order to study in the schools of Politian and Calchondilas. On
his return in 1491 he resided in Exeter College, giving public lec-
tures, to which crowds of hearers repaired: these he afterwards
repeated in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral. He was the tutor of
Erasmus, and the restorer of ancient learning, and without a doubt
the ablest of his day: Lily the grammarian was his godson. He
was afterwards canon of Lincoln, Oct. 7th, 1485; and warden of
All Souls' College, in Maidstone, April 17th, 1506; in the church
of which he is buried. He was inducted rector of Newton Longue-
ville, Feb. 19th, 1479; vicar of Sheperton, Middlesex, Dec. 5th,
1504; of St. Lawrence, Jewry, and East Peckham, Dec. 20th, 1511.
He died in Sept. 1519.
† SYMEON, WILLIAM, M.A. (1468): dean of King Henry
VII's Chapel; and of Lincoln ; chancellor of Lincoln, Aug. 11th,
1485; canon of Lincoln, and of York, 1504.
† GYLBERT, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1469): canon of Lincoln, 1487.
† TRAPPE, RICHARD, M.A. (1471): proctor, 1484.
† TERYNDEN, RICHARD, B.C.L. (1473): canon of St. Paul's,
April 12th, 1487.
| KINGSMILL, SIR JOHN, M.A. Knt. (1475): justice of the
Common Pleas, 1503-1507.
† WOODYNGTON, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1476): treasurer of Chi-
chester, July 10th, 1519; chancellor of Worcester, 1503; dean of
Bocking, April 2nd, 1507; rector of St. Mary-le-Bow, London, May
3rd, 1514.


a


394
[1537.
THE ROLL OF
† HOBYLL, John, M.A. (1476), proctor, 1485; vicar of En-
field, Middlesex, Nov. 18th, 1491 ; canon of Lincoln, Aug. 30th,
1504.
+ ASHOME, ROBERT, M.A. (1477), canon of Hereford, 1528.
† WYKYS, ROBERT, M.A. (1480), proctor, 1490.
† STANBRUGGE, JOHN, B.A. (1481), head-master of Magda-
len College School, 1490; the author of “An Accidence”, printed
by Wynkyn de Worde.
† YONGE, JOHN, D.C.L. (1485), rector of St. Stephen's, Wal-
brook, March 17th, 1502; archdeacon of Huntingford, 1513. He
was employed on several embassies to Philip of Austria, and Francis
King of France; for his services he was appointed master of the
rolls; canon, April 6th, and dean of York, May 17th, 1514. He
was the friend of Dean Colet, and the patron of Erasmus; he died
April 25th, 1516, and is buried in the Rolls' Chapel.
† FAUNTLEROY, WILLIAM, D.D. (1489), commissary of Chan-
cellor Warham, 1506; warden of Higham Ferrers’ College, Oct. 1523.
† CLAYDON, THOMAS, M.A. (1491), proctor, 1.500.
† PYCKNAM, WILLIAM, M.A. (1493), canon of Sarum.
† RANDOLPH, Thomas, M.A. (1494), canon of Lincoln.
† BENTLEY, THOMAS, D.Med. (1495), proctor, 1507.
† LANE, John, M.A. (1496), proctor, 1506.
† FLESHMONGER, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1498), canon of Sarum,
1518; of Lincoln, Oct. 24th, 1519; dean of Chichester, 1526; vicar
of Shoreditch, Jan. 16th, 1524. In 1528, he gave the manor of
Shering Hall, Essex, and in 1534, £200 towards the purchase of
Stanton St. John manor, in order to provide exhibitions in New
College. This sum was afterwards augmented by Thomas Mylling,
F.N.C., by a gift of £200, in 1535.
SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
† BENGER, RICHARD, D.C.L. (1501), rector of Alton, 1520 ;
reader of Decretals in Oxford; proctor, 1520.
† BEDELL, THOMAS, B.C.L. (1501), dean of Bocking, Nov. 20th,
1522; rector of Saint Dionis Backchurch, March 12th, 1527; arch-
deacon of Cleveland, June 15th, 1533; of London, Aug. 3rd, 1533,
and of Cornwall; clerk of the King's Council. He was a commis-
sioner and visitor of religious houses, before their dissolution; ca-
non of St. Paul's, Dec. 17th, 1537; rector of All Hallows the Great,
Dec. 30, 1537; canon of York, 1536; of Lincoln, Nov. 13th, 1518.
He died in London, Sept. 18th, 1537.
1521.]
395
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

† ERLYSMAN, THOMAS, M.A. (1503), head-master of Eton
College, 1512.
† PULTON, THOMAS, M.A. (1503): proctor, 1512.
t GREY, EDMUND, M.A. (1504): proctor, 1516.
+ ERNLEY, WILLIAM, M.A. (1508): proctor.
† FYGHTKEYS, THOMAS, M.A. (1508), scribe of the university
of Oxford, Jan. 1516.
† WODECOCKE, LAURENCE, B.C.L. (1510), dean of Chi-
chester.
† LEFFE, JOHN, D.C.L. (1510), fellow of Winton ; warden of
All Saints College, Maidstone; vicar-general, keeper of the spiritu-
alities to Archbishop Warham, 1531; master of St. Cross Hospital;
canon and treasurer of South Malling, Nov. 27th, 1531; and canon
of St. Paul's, March 8th, 1547. He died Aug. 19th, 1557, and is
buried in the college chapel at Winton.
| SUTTON, GEORGE, B.D. (1514), canon of Chichester.
† WHYTE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1515), head-master of Eton Col-
lege, 1521-25; archdeacon of Berks, Sept. 24th, 1557; chancellor
of Sarum, Aug. 9th, 1571 ; canon of Winton, July 21st, 1554. He
died June 12th, 1588, and is buried in Sarum cathedral.
+ HUNTON, THOMAS, M.A. (1518), fellow of Eton College.
| BARTLETT, THOMAS, M.A. (1519), dean of Chichester.
† DUKE, THOMAS, M.A. (1519), proctor, 1529-30.
† TOWRELL, JOHN, M.A. (1519), chancellor of Bristol.
+ TALBOT, ROBERT, M.A. (1523): he was admitted prebendary
of Wedmer secunda in the church of Wells on June 23rd, 1541;
and on April 9th, 1547, treasurer of Norwich, where he was buried.
He was the author of Annotations on the Itinerary of Antoninus.
Leland, Camden, Dr. Caius, and even the virulent Bale, all remem-
ber him with expressions of respect and praise. He left his most
valuable manuscripts to New College.
+ BROMOLDE, ROGER, B.D. (1525): proctor, 1541 ; principal
of Hart Hall, 1541-1544; canon, Aug. 24th, 1554; and sub-dean
of Lincoln, 1558.
† BEKENSAW, John, M.A. (1520): reader of Greek in the
university of Paris; he returned to England, and wrote a treatise,
“De supremo et absoluto Regis imperio". He was buried at
Sherbourne, Hants, on Dec. 20th, 1559.
† BELSEIR, ALEXANDER, M.A.(1521): canon of Christ Church;
the intimate friend of Bishop Holyman, who is buried by his side
in Hanborough church. He was canon of Oseney and Christchurch,
1546; and the first president of St. John Baptist's College, Oxford,
CC



396
(1588.
THE ROLL OF
elected May 29th, 1555. He was deprived, owing to his non-con-
formity with the English Church, in 1559.
| BARONE, ROBT., M.A. (1523): under-master of Eton College.
+ COTTRELL, John, D.C.L. (1526): principal of St. Laurence
Hall; archdeacon of Dorset, April 4th, 1551; of Wells, 1554;
canon of Wells, and Sarum, and Bristol, 1545; vicar-general to the
bishops of Bath and Bristol. He died in Feb. 1571, and is buried
in Wells cathedral.
| PARKER, Hugh, M.A. (1526): precentor of Lichfield, Feb.
5th, 1544.
+ KENT, THOMAS (1527): canon of Christ Church, 1554.
| BURTON, MICHAEL (1527): canon of Lichfield, May 24th, 1552.
KNIGHT, THOMAS, M.A. (1528): proctor, 1537; secretary to
King Henry VII.
† REYNOLDS, ROBERT, B.C.L. (1529): fellow of Winton Col-
lege; master of St. Cross; canon of Chichester and Lincoln, April
6th, 1555.
† READE, SIR RICHARD, Knt., D.C.L. (1530): chancellor of
Ireland; visitor of the university in the reign of King Edward VI.
† MAN, JOHN, M.A. (1531), of Lacock, Wilts: proctor, 1540;
principal of White Hall (now Jesus College), and St. Alban's Hall,
Oxford, 1547; chaplain to Archbishop Parker; canon of Lincoln,
1561; warden of Merton College, 1562; dean of Gloucester, in-
stalled Feb. 2nd, 1565; he was sent ambassador to Spain in Aug.
1567. He died on March 18th, 1568-9, and was buried in St.
Anne's, Aldersgate-street.
+ BINSLEY, WILLIAM, B.C.L. (1532); canon of Peterborough,
1554; Lincoln; archdeacon of Northampton, 1554; and Peter-
borough.
| CATOR, ROBERT, M.A. (1533): head-master of Eton College,
1545-1561.
S LANGWORTH, JOHN, D.D. (1533); canon of Canterbury,
1578; Worcester, 1579; archdeacon of Wells, 1588.
Ş BORDE, ANDREW, D.M., was a native of Boond's Hill,
Holmsdale, in Sussex, and educated at Hart Hall, Oxford. Giving
up the habit of the Carthusians, he afterwards travelled through a
great part of Europe, and even in Africa, and returned to Winton
to practise medicine. In 1541 he resided as a student of that
famous school of physicians, Montpelier. He was appointed phy-
sician to Henry VIII, and a fellow of the College of Physicians.
He wore a shirt of haircloth, professed a life of great austerity, and
used to hang his shroud and burial-sheet at night at his bed's foot.
1577.]
397
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
He was the author of “A Book of the Introduction of Knowledge”,
1542; “Breviary of Health”, 1547; and “ The merry Tales of the
Mad Men of Gotham”, etc. He was arrested, most probably on
account of his faith, and imprisoned in the wards of the Fleet,
where he died in April 1549, and is buried in the churchyard of
St. Bride's.
# HARPYSFYLDE, John, D.D. (1534), of St. Mary Magdalen
parish in London; archdeacon of London, Dec. 13th, 1559; dean
of Norwich, 1558; canon of St. Paul's, May 26th, 1554; vicar of
St. Martin's, Ludgate Hill, May 4th, 1554; he was elected warden
of Winchester Nov. 3rd, 1556, but declined the office. He was one
of the disputants on the Roman Catholic side at the conference
held in Westminster abbey in 1549. He was chaplain to Bishop
Bonner, and delivered the oration when King Philip II visited St.
Paul's. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth he was imprisoned;
and, on his enlargement after some time, retired to a kinsman's
house in St. Sepulchre's parish, London, where he died in 1578,
and is buried in the parish church. Strype relates that John Phil-
pott made a wager with him that in one night he would compose
two hundred verses with only three faults in them. Mr. Tychener,
the head-master, decided in Harpysfylde’s favour.
† PHILPOTT, JOHN, B.C.L. (1534), a native of Compton,
Hants. After a long sojourn in Italy, he returned to Winchester,
and was appointed archdeacon in that diocese; while engaged in
giving public lectures upon St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, his
assertion of the Reformed doctrine provoked persecution; and, after
an imprisonment of one year and a half, he died for his faith, at the
stake in Smithfield, on Dec. 18th, 1555.
| HARDYNG, THOMAS, M.A. (1536): canon of Winchester,
July 25th, 1554; chaplain of Henry Grey, afterwards Duke of Suf-
folk; and to Bishop Gardiner. He was treasurer of Sarum, July
17th, 1555; regius professor of Hebrew at Oxford in 1541. He
was the well-known opponent of Bishop Jewell, and the first Eng-
lish priest re-ordained in the Roman Church ; Bishop Bramhall
mentions him as one of its ablest controversialists. On the acces-
sion of Queen Elizabeth he retired to Louvain, where he died Sept.
6th, 1572, and is buried in St. Gertrude's church, before the altar
of the Holy Trinity. His chief friend at Winchester was :
* DORMAN, THOMAS, M.A., who became fellow of All Souls
College in 1554, but retired to Louvain, where he aided Hardyng in
his controversy with Jewell. He became a priest, and died at Tour-
nay in 1577. Another contemporary, William Blandy, of Newbury,



CC 2

398
[1540.
THE ROLL OF
Berks, of the Middle Temple, translated the five books of Hiero-
nymus Osorius on Civil and Christian Nobility.
† HARPYSFELDE, JOHN, D.C.L. (1536), was born in the
parish of St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish-street, London: in 1544,
being already famous for his deep knowledge of ecclesiastical law,
he was admitted principal of White Hall, a hostel for civilians.
In 1546 he was appointed regius professor of Greek, and chancellor
of Winchester in 1553. He had considerable practice in the court
of Arches; on April 27th, 1554, he was installed prebendary of
Harleston in St. Paul's, and two days after collated to the church
of Langdon. In 1554 he was made archdeacon of Canterbury, and
on Oct. 28th, 1558, official of the Arches and dean of Peculiars,
and in Nov. following judge of the Audience. On the accession of
Queen Elizabeth he took part on the Roman Catholic side in the
theological disputations in St. Peter's abbey; having denied the
royal supremacy, he languished for twenty years in imprisonment,
employing his hours in literary composition. Archbishop Parker
gave him his aid in the compilation of his “ Ecclesiastical History
of the British Church”. He died in 1583. He wrote a treatise
concerning “Marriage”; and an “Historia Anglicana Christiana”,
published in 1622. Dr. Wordsworth attributes to him the life of
Sir Thomas More, which is printed in the “Ecclesiastical Bio-
graphy”, from a manuscript at Lambeth. His portrait is in the
Bodleian gallery.
+ BAILEY, HENRY, D. Med. (1536): proctor, 1547.
† RAWLINS, CHRISTOPHER, B.D. (1537): canon of Lincoln,
1555.
| GREEN, JOHN, M.A.(1537): canon of Lincoln, Jan. 16th, 1546.
+ LONGLAND, EDWARD, B.A. (1538): canon of Lincoln, 1539.
† MARTYN, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1539), of Cerne Abbas, Dorset,
the opponent of Dr. Poyntz, and a benefactor of Caius College, in
Cambridge. He was a master in Chancery, and chancellor of
Winton. The University of Bourges conferred the degree of D.D.
He sat in the commission which condemned Arch-
bishop Cranmer to death. He was the author of a treatise on mar-
riage, and of a Latin life of the Founder, published posthumously
in 1597; and re-edited by Warden Nicholas in 1690. He died
in 1584.
† NELLE, THOMAS, B.D. (1540), of Yate, co. Gloucester, was
an eminent Greek and Hebrew scholar. He dedicated a Latin
translation of some of the Rabbinical writings to Cardinal Pole. He
was chaplain to Bishop Bonner. In 1569, after the accession of
upon him.

1544.]
399
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
a
Queen Elizabeth, he resigned the Regius Professorship of Hebrew,
which he had held since 1558; and built Neale's Hall over against
Hart Hall, where the admirable Bernard Gilpin, of Queen's Col-
lege, was his pupil. From 1569 until 1590, he lived in great pri-
vacy at the village of Cassington, Oxon; he was the author of the
absurd “Nag's Head Fable”. At one time he held the rectory of
Thenford. When Queen Elizabeth visited the university, in Sept.
1566, he presented to her a translation of the Prophets. Her Ma-
jesty on several occasions went to view an ingenious map of Oxford,
with elegant verses, and drawings of the colleges, which he hung
upon the gates of St. Mary's. The date of his death is unknown.
† FRYNDE, THOMAS, M.A. (1542): proctor, 1556.
† SMYTHE, NICHOLAS, B.D. (1543): fellow of Winton, and
Eton College, July 10th, 1554.
I SIDNEY, SIR HENRY, knight (1543), of Cranleigh, Surrey,
M.A. 1568, was a commoner of New College in 1543; he removed
to court, where King Edward VI, whose companion he had been,
appointed him gentleman of the Privy Chamber, and despatched
him as ambassador to France, to convey the habit of the Garter to
Henry II. King Edward died in his arms. Queen Mary made
him governor-general of the royal treasures in Ireland, and within
two years after lord-justice of that country. Queen Elizabeth pro-
moted him to the lord presidentship of the Marches of Wales, and
to be K.G., having employed him on several embassies. In April
1568, he was nominated lord deputy of Ireland. He died May 5th,
1586, at Ludlow. In Ireland, he suppressed three dangerous in-
surrections, built record offices, caused the statutes of the realm to
be printed, divided the country into counties, and repaired the
bridges, and fortified the walls of several important towns. He is
buried at Penshurst, in Kent.
| MORTON, RICHARD, D.D. (1570), was a chaplain of New
College, and afterwards physician to the Prince of Orange. He was
the author of some learned and valuable works. He died in 1698.
| PULLEYNE, John, M.A. (1544), born in Yorkshire: was a
chaplain of New College; student of Christ Church, Oxon; rector
of St. Peter's, Cornhill, Jan. 7th, 1552; he was deprived by Queen
Mary; after a long exile in foreign lands, at the accession of Queen
Elizabeth he returned to his living, and became archdeacon of
Colchester, Dec. 13th, 1559; rector of Copford, Essex, March 8th,
1559; prebendary of Wenlocksbarn, Sept. 12th, 1561. He died
early in 1565.
† BULLOCKE, MAURICE, B.D. (1544): proctor, 1553.

400
[1552,
THE ROLL OF
† WILLIAMS, GRIFFITH, B.C.L. (1546): chancellor of Wor-
cester, 1554.
† DAVYS, THOMAS, M.A. (1547): proctor, 1556.
| SAUNDERS, NICHOLAS, D.D. (1548), of Charlewood, Sur-
rey: the opponent of Fulke, an able but somewhat virulent anta-
gonist of the English Church. He was created D.D. at Rome, and
became Regius Professor of Theology in Louvain, whither he re-
tired after his release from imprisonment on account of his non-
conformity. He accompanied Cardinal Hosius to the Council of
Trent. He died, it is said of famine, in Ireland, while serving with
Robert Allen, and armed with Legatine authority, in a Spanish ex-
pedition, sent to Somerwick, in Kerry, to the assistance of the Earl
of Desmond, then in rebellion, and marching under a standard
blessed by the pope, Gregory XIII. Others say, that being stricken
,
with a sudden illness, he desired Cornelius, his friend, to say the
last office for him : "for,” said he, though those who stood about
would have comforted him with hopes of recovery, “I am going
far hence to-night-my Master calls me !” and so before cock-
crow, he fell asleep. He was the author of treatises, “De Schis-
mate Anglicano”, 1588; “De Visibili Monarchiâ Ecclesiæ”, 1571;
]
“De Regno Christi”, 1588; and “On the Eucharist”, 1566.
† BRODEBRIDGE, AUGUSTINE, M.A. (1548). After living
with the exiles at Strasburgh, he returned to England, and was ap-
pointed treasurer of Chichester, April 30th, 1562; and canon of
Sarum, April 6th, 1566.
† RASTALL, John, M.A. (1549): rector of the college of Je-
suits, at Ingoldstadt, where he died A.D. 1600, and is buried in the
chapel of that society. He published several books against Bishop
Jewell.
† + BAILEY, WALTER, D. Med. (1550): proctor, 1558; canon of
Wells, Aug. 30th, 1572; regius professor of medicine in Oxford,
1561-82; physician to Queen Elizabeth. He was the author of
some medical treatises on “ The Eye Sight”, Lond. 1616, and on
the properties of pepper, 1558. He died on March 3rd, 1583.
+ BRUMBROUGH, EDWARD, M.A. (1551): proctor, 1559.
+ MARSHALL,JOHN (1551), of Dalysford, co. Worcester, B.C.L.
Hostiarius; upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he vacated his
appointments, and retired to Louvain; he was afterwards a canon
of St. Peter's, in Lisle, where he died. He is well known as the
opponent of the reformer Calfhill.
| FENNE, John, M.A. (1552): master of Bury St. Edmund's
school. Being deprived, he retired to Italy and to Louvain, where

1556.]
401
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
he died in 1611. He was the author of " Quorundam vitæ Mar-
tyrum Angliæ”, and some translations from the Italian. His brother
James, a chorister of this society, was afterwards fellow of Corpus
Christi College.
* WALKYNS, RICHARD, M.A. (1553): head-master of Eton
College.
† POYNTZ, ROBERT, B.A. (1554): settled at Louvain, and was
the author of some treatises on the Holy Eucharist.
† ATSLOWE, EDWARD, D.Med. (1554): an eminent physician
of his time. He suffered imprisonment for his attachment to Mary
Queen of Scots, in designing means for her escape.
† STAPLETON, THOMAS, D.D. (1554), of Henfield, Sussex:
the most learned Jesuit of his age. He was a canon of Chichester ;
but on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he resided as a catechist
near Douai; being afterwards canon, and master of the College of
St. Amoure, in Louvain, and dean of Hillverbeck, in Brabant, and
professor of theology at Douai, and afterwards at Louvain. He
was buried in the cathedral of St. Peter in that city in 1598. He
was the author of "Antidota Anglicana”, 1595; “Promptuarium
Catholicum”, 1594; “Promptuarium Morale”, 1593, etc.; which,
with his other treatises, he published in four volumes, folio. Pope
Clement VIII used to have his writings daily read to him, while he
sat at dinner. Cardinal Perron declared him to be the best con-
troversialist of his party; and even his antagonist Whittaker highly
commends him for his acuteness and accuracy. He translated Bede's
“Ecclesiastical History" into English. His portrait was engraved
by L. Gualtier.
† CHANDLER, JOHN, M.A. (1555): canon of Winton, Sept.
3rd, 1574; and Lincoln, April 29th, 1570,
FOWLER, John, M.A. (1556): “another Robert or Henry
Stephens”, as a printer at Antwerp or Louvain, where he wrote
and published several works against the Reformed Church. He
wrote “Loci Communes Theologi”, “Psalter for Catholics”, “ Epi-
grams”, etc. He died at Krainburg, in Germany, Feb. 13th, 1578,
and is buried in St. John's church.
† WHITE, GABRIEL, B.A. (1556): canon of Lincoln, March
14th, 1558.
| HOWARD, HENRY (1556), Earl of Northampton, son of the
noble Earl of Surrey: P. C.; warden of the Cinque Ports; con-
stable of Dover Castle; earl marshal ; K.G.; and lord privy seal,
1608. He died June 15th, 1614, at Charing Cross, in the present
Northumberland House.

2

402
[1562.
THE ROLL OF
a
a
† WHYTE, RICHARD, D.D. (1557): count palatine of the holy
Roman empire; -vicar of Goodhurst, Kent, March 27th, 1557. At
the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign he retired to Louvain,
and shortly after to Padua, where he took the degree of D.D. He
was afterwards regius professor of divinity, and rector of the Col-
lege of Douai, during upwards of thirty years. He died there in
1611. His monument is in St. Bertin's Abbey, at St. Omer. Sel-
den quotes his British and English history in nine books. The
pope created him a count and canon of Douai. His arms were,
argent, gules, between three roses, a chevron embattled, counter-
charged of the field; in chief a lion passant, or ; within a bordure,
ermine. Crest, a stork with his dexter leg resting on an hour-glass.
Motto, “Plus vigila”.
† SMYTH, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1560): official of Bucks and
Bedford; canon of Lincoln, Nov. 2nd, 1581.
| TURBERVYLDE, GEORGE (1561), a native of Whitchurch,
Dorset: a celebrated poet of his day. He was sent by Queen Eli-
zabeth as secretary of an embassy to the Czar of Russia. He was
the author of “Poems on Russia”, 1568; “Epitaphs”, etc., 1570.
| GARBRAND, HARCONIUS, or HERKS, John, D.D.(1562).
He was of Dutch parentage. He was greatly esteemed for his learn-
ing by Bishop Jewell, one of whose treatises he edited. He was
rector of North Crawley, Bucks, where he is buried; and canon of
Sarum, March 18th, 1568. He died on Nov. 17th, 1589.
† RAINOLDS, WILLIAM (1562), M.A., 1566, a Roman contro-
versialist, after having been a violent puritan. He conformed him-
self to the Roman Church, during a visit to the holy city in the
year of jubilee, 1575. He was afterwards professor of theology and
Hebrew at Rheims. He was buried on Aug. 24th, 1594, in the
choir of the Béguinage at Antwerp. He wrote several controver-
sial works, under the assumed name of William Rosse.
+ CORYAT, GEORGE, M.A. (1562): rector of Odcombe, So-
merset, June 15th, 1570, where he is buried; and canon of York,
Jan. 17th, 1594. He and William Rainolds received Queen Eliza-
beth in 1566 at the gates of New College, with an oration, for which
he received a handsome purse well filled with gold. He was the
author of Latin poems published posthumously by his son, at the
end of his “Crudities”; and a “Descriptio Angliæ, Scotiæ et Hi-
berniæ”. He died March 4th, 1606.
† WHYTE, THOMAS, D.D. (1562), canon of Christchurch, 1591;
of St. Paul's; treasurer of Sarum, April 24th, 1590; vicar of St.
Dunstan's-in-the-West.

1589.]
403
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

* GARNET, HENRY (1564), was the son of a schoolmaster at
Nottingham, born in 1555. He left London on his travels through
Spain to Rome, where he adopted the habit of the Order of Jesus,
in 1575, and studied under Bellarmine, Suarez, and Christopher
Clavius, whom he succeeded as professor of Hebrew and mathema-
tics in the Italian College. In 1586, upon his return to England
as the provincial of the Jesuits, he was accused of having borne a
part in the hideous Gunpowder Plot; unconstitutional means were
adopted in the endeavour to fix the guilt upon him, and he was
condemned to death. He was hanged before the west door of old
St. Paul's, on May 3rd, 1606.
† DIGGLES, CHRISTOPHER, B.C.L. (1564), canon of Lincoln,
Sept. 21st, 1592.
† BLANDY, WILLIAM, B.A. (1565), translator of the five
books of Hieronymus Osorius, a “ Discourse of Civil and Christian
Liberty”.
† AYLWORTH, ANTHONY, D.Med. (1565), physician to Queen
Elizabeth ; regius professor of medicine, 1582-97. He died in
1619, and is buried in New College chapel.
† POLLEXFEN, or POLSON, JAMES, B.C.L. (1565), registrar
of the University of Oxford.
† SHYNGLETON, WILLIAM, M.A. (1565), vicar of Bishop's
Waltham ; fellow of Winton; canon of Gloucester, Dec. 21st, 1573.
+ WHITE, EDWARD, B.C.L. (1565), official of the archdeaconry
of Berks.
† MERICKE, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1567), precentor, May 26th,
1582; chancellor of Bangor.
+ LEYSON, THOMAS, B.Med. (1569), proctor, 1583; a physi-
cian and Latin poet of Bath. He was chosen to dispute before
“Alaskie, Prince of Sirad, a learned Polonian,” in June 1583, who
had come to pay his devotions to Queen Elizabeth.
CASE, JOHN, D.Med. (1589), of Woodstock, was a chorister of
New College ; he was a fellow of St. John Baptist's College, and
canon of Sarum, 1589. He died January 23rd, 1600, and is buried
in St. John's College chapel. He was the author of several philo-

1 Two other Wykehamists, fellows of New College, were victims of the
persecuting spirit of those times : John Mundyn, a native of Maperton,
B.C.L., he was ejected from his fellowship, and fled to the continent, but
returning to England was executed at Tyburn, with four other Roman
Catholic priests, in 1582; and John Body, M.A., born at Wells, likewise
removed from his fellowship, who was executed at Andover in 1583.
404
[1578.
THE ROLL OF

sophical works, and commentaries upon Aristotle. Dr. Aylworth
and he were the “repliers” in the disputations held before Queen
Elizabeth, in 1592, at Oxford.
† FENYS, RICHARD (1570), Baron Saye and Sele, 1573.
| ESTMONDE, JOHN, D.C.L. (1570), principal of New Inn
Hall, 1584.
| BALL, HENRY, D.D. (1573), archdeacon of Chichester, April
12th, 1596.
† NEWMAN, ROBERT, D.D. (1575), canon of St. Paul's.
† TUCKER, or TOOKER, WILLIAM, D.D. (1577), a native of
Exeter, became chaplain to Queen Elizabeth; canon of Sarum,
and Exeter; archdeacon of Barnstaple, April 24th, 1585, and
dean of Lichfield in 1602. He wrote a work on the reality of the
power of cure of King's evil, possessed by the successors of St. Ed-
ward the Confessor, and “Singulare Certamen cum Martino Bleano
Jesuita.” The congé d'elire for his promotion to the see of Glou-
cester was actually made out, when King James I revoked it. He
was buried, March 21st, 1620, in Sarum cathedral.
* PITTS, JOHN, D.D. (1578), of Alton, Hants. He left New
College before admitted to his fellowship, and went to reside with
Thomas Stapleton, at Douai; from the English college of Rheims,
he passed to that at Rome, returning to teach Greek and rhetoric.
After two years, troubles arose in France, and he retired to Loraine.
He studied in Triers and at Ingolstadt, visited a large portion of
Italy and Germany, took degrees in several foreign universities ;
once more he came back to Loraine, and was appointed by Charles,
Cardinal of Loraine, to a canonry in Verdun. His next promotion
was, to be confessor to the Princess Antonia, the wife of the Duke
of Cleves. During twelve years spent in her service, he occupied
himself in the composition of four large volumes containing the
history of the kings, the bishops, ecclesiastics, and scholars, and
worthies of England. The latter part only, “De Illustribus Angliæ
Scriptoribus”, has been printed. John, Bishop of Toule, promoted
him to the deanery of Liverdune, where he died, Oct. 17th, 1616. He
desired the three former portions of his work to be buried with him
in his grave; but in A’Wood's time they were preserved among
the archives of his collegiate church.
† MEREDYTH, RICHARD, (1578); B.D., 1606; dean of Wells,
Nov. 21st, 1607. He died Aug. 15th, 1621, and is buried in the
south side of the choir of his cathedral.
+ FAVOUR, JOHN (1578); D.C.L., 1592; vicar of Halifax, 1593;
canon of York, March 23rd, 1616; warden of St. Mary Magdalen


>
1582.]
405
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

66
Hospital, Ripon, March 1618; author of “Antiquity, a certain Note
of the Christian Catholic Church”, Lond., 1619. He died, March
10th, 1623.
+ LLOYD, John, D.D. (1579), proctor, 1591. He translated
“Josephus de Maccabæis” into Latin, and published an edition of
“Barlaam de Papæ Principatu”, Greek and Latin; he was buried
at Writtle, in 1603.
† BURLEY, EDWARD, M.A. (1580), registrar of Oxford.
† MARTIN, Sir HENRY, Knt.(1582),1616; D.C.L., 1595; mem-
ber of parliament for the University, elected Feb. 20th, 1627-8;
dean of Arches, judge of the Admiralty and the Prerogative courts;
official of Berks; king's advocate. By the advice of Bishop An-
drewes, he obtained, from the proctors at Lambeth, heads of the
more important cases tried in the High Commission, which, with
some friends, he privately argued in chambers. After some years
spent in this practice, he signalized himself as an advocate, which
led to his advancement. King James said of him, that he was a
mighty monarch by land and sea, over the living, and over the
dead.” He died in 1641, and is buried at Longworth, Berks.
# PELHAM, WILLIAM (1582), eldest son of Sir William Pel-
ham, of Brocklesby; master of the Ordnance; became a commoner
of New College in 1582; member of parliament for Grantham, 1640;
speaker of the House of Commons, July 30th, 1647; author of the
“ “Meditations upon the Gospel of St. John”, Lond., 1625.
* WOTTON, Sir HENRY (1582), born in 1568, at Bocton Hall,
Kent, was a member of New College, and afterwards of Queen's
College, in Oxford. In the year 1589 he made a journey through
France, Italy, Germany, and the Low Countries; and on his return,
in 1596, he became secretary to the Earl of Essex. Upon the fall
of that nobleman, he fled to Florence for safety. The Grand Duke,
shortly after his arrival, discovered a plot to poison James, King of
Scotland, and at once despatched him upon the perilous mission of
warning the king. In the disguise of an Italian, he reached Scot-
land, and apprised the monarch of his danger. When James suc-
ceeded to the throne of England, he sent for the accomplished and
learned Wotton, gave him knighthood, and desired him to proceed,
as his ambassador, to Venice, where he contracted a close friendship
with the famous Paolo Sarpi. On his journey, he stayed at Augs-
burg, and one Flecamore desiring him to write a motto in his album,
he, out of pleasantry, entered this sentence, “Legatus est vir bonus
missus ad mentiendum reipublicæ causâ”. When Wotton returned,
in 1610, he discovered that he had lost the royal favour by this

a

406
[1584.
THE ROLL OF
sally. Jasper Scoppius, a bitter controversialist, had heard the
story, and repeated it as a sample of the spirit of the reformed faith.
Wotton at once addressed an English apology to the king, and
another, in Latin, to the learned on the continent. The ingenuous
and eloquent penman once more was received as a courtier. Milton,
when about to set forth on his journey, desired an introduction to
him. Wotton went abroad as ambassador to the United Provinces,
the Duke of Savoy, the Emperor, and other princes of Germany, to
deliberate on the affairs of the Palatine. Twice he went to Venice;
and when he returned in 1624, another king sat on the throne.
The expenses of his diplomatic services were never paid ; the crown
compromised by conferring upon him the provostship of Eton Col-
lege. Often did he stroll along the beautiful banks of the Thames
with old Izaak, the angler, and his biographer. His services at
Eton will ever be remembered with traditionary gratitude. He was
an elegant poet, the author of an essay on architecture, a life of
the Duke of Buckingham, and other small tracts. He died Dec.
5th, 1639, and was laid to his rest in Eton chapel. On his grave-
stone are inscribed golden words :

“ Hìc jacet hujus sententiæ primus auctor :
Disputandi pruritus Ecclesiarum scabies';
Nomen aliàs quære."
+ SWADDON, WILLIAM, D.D. (1582): canon of Lincoln, May
13th, 1595; archdeacon of Worcester, Nov. 10th, 1610.
† MERICK, MAURICE, M.A. (1584): registrar of Oxford, July
23rd, 1600.
† OWEN, JOHN, B.C.L. (1584); rector of Treleck; and master
of Warwick School, 1594: the most noted Latin epigrammatist of
his age. He died 1622, and was buried in old St. Paul's, at the
charge of Bishop Williams, L.K.
| HUSSÉE, SIR JAMES, D.C.L., Knt. (1584), of Edmundsham,
Dorset : principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1602-5; and chan-
cellor of Sarum, Canterbury, and Bristol. “The plague was brought
to Oxford,” writes Lord Clarendon, “by Sir James Hussey, one of
the masters of the Chancery, who died in New College the first night
after his arrival in Oxford [July 11th, 1625], and shortly after, Dr.
Chaloner, principal of St. Alban Hall, who supped that night with
him.” He is buried in St. Mary's Church, Oxford.
| BOND, John, B.C.L., a native of Chard, Somersetshire: was
a chaplain of New College; master of Taunton School, 1579; editor
of the works of Horace, 1606; and Persius, which appeared in 1614.


1586.]
407
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
Saxius called him “Minorum gentium philologus." He died Aug.
3rd, 1612, while chaplain of St. Mary-le-Savoy.
* RUDYERD, SIR BENJAMIN, KNT. (1584): became a commoner
of St. John Baptist's College in Oxford : Humphrey May appointed
him surveyor of the Courts of Wards and Liveries. In 1640 he was
elected member of parliament for Wilton. An accomplished scholar,
and as a member of parliament ever forward to heal the differences be-
tween the rival factions, he was held in such esteem that on his retire-
ment from office in 1642 he received 6,0001., and certain lands of the
Marquis of Worcester. He is to be remembered for his wise cau-
tion to the House of Commons: “Mr. Speaker, we plainly find that
post-meridian votes are as dangerous and pernicious as nocturnal
lucubrations”; adding, that no final vote should be given in a thin
attendance of members, or after twelve o'clock at night. Many of
his speeches are extant. He died on May 31st, 1658, and is buried
in the choir of West Woodhay church. Ben Jonson thus addresses
him in his Epigrams (cxxii).
“If I would wish for truth, and not for show,
The aged Saturn's age, and rites to know;
If I would strive to bring back times, and try
The world's pure gold, and wise simplicity;
If I would virtue set, as she was young,
And hear her speak with one, and her first tongue ;
If holiest friendship, naked to the touch,
I would restore, and keep it ever such;
I need no other arts, but study thee;
Who prov'st, all these were,
and
again may be.”
| BARKER, HUGH, D.C.L.(1585): dean of the Court of Arches;
chancellor of Oxford.
| BELLINGHAM, HENRY, D. Med. (1586): proctor, 1598.
† HUSSEY, SAMPSON, D.C.L. (1586): chancellor of Bristol.
| HOSKYNS, John, M.A. (1586): M.P., 1614, committed to
the Tower for turbulence in the House of Commons; on his release
after a year's imprisonment, wherein he made a great friendship
with Sir Walter Raleigh, he was highly esteemed by that House,
and rose into favour, becoming Lent reader of the Middle Temple,
serjeant-at-law, judge itinerant, and one of the council of the
Marches of Wales. He corrected Sir Walter Raleigh's “History of
the World” for the press, and several pieces of Ben Jonson; and was
the friend of Camden, Selden, Dr. Donne, and Sir Henry Wotton.
He was an elegant epigrammatist, and author of a Greek Lexicon
and other works still in MS. Ben Jonson called him his father.


408
(1592.
THE ROLL OF
A school-story is told of his wonderful memory: that one day,
being exceedingly indolent, and having neglected to write a task,
he looked over another boy's shoulder and read his verses. The
master entered : Hoskyns was the first called up, and saying that
he had no copy, he offered to repeat it from memory: the verses he
recited were at least twenty in number. The real author came in
his turn, and when he repeated the self-same lines, he was esteemed
a cheat, and the Bible-clerk and ostiarius were summoned to attend
his punishment. Hoskyns died Aug. 27th, 1638, and is buried in
the south choir aisle of Dowr Abbey.
† JONES, ROGER, B.C.L. (1587): registrar of the university of
Oxford, and chancellor of Oxford.
† HEYDEN, BENJAMIN, D.D. (1587): dean of Wells, 1602.
| THORNE, WILLIAM, D.D. (1587): regius professor of He-
brew, 1599-1604; and dean of Chichester, Dec. 36th, 1601.
+ BUTTEN, WILLIAM, KNT., B.A. (1587): master of the cere-
monies.
+ HARRISON, NATHANIEL, D.C.L. (1587): canon of Hereford.
| BARKER, HUGH, B.C.L. (1588): official of Bedfordshire.
† AYLMER, SIR JOHN, KNT. (1589).
| BASTARD, THOMAS, M.A. (1588): chaplain to Thomas, earl
of Suffolk, lord treasurer; rector of Bere Regis: a witty, but un-
scrupulous libellist, and the author of “ Chrestoloros”, “vii Bookes
of Epigrammes”, 1598, and “Magna Britannia”, a poem. London,
1605. He died at Dorchester, on April 19th, 1618, in great distress.
† MOORE, ROBERT, B.D. (1589): rector of West Meon; ca-
non of Winchester, June 4th, 1630; and of Chichester. Author of
“Diarium Historico-Poeticum,” a complete astronomical almanac,
with notices of the great events which occurred on the several days
of the month. He died Feb. 20th, 1639-40.
+ DILLON, SIR JOHN, KNT. (1590).
+ BENNETT, WALTER, D.D. (1590): precentor or chanter of
Sarum, Sept. 1608 ; canon; archdeacon of Wilts, March 7th, 1609;
proctor.
+ HEYDOCK, RICHARD (1590): a physician of Salisbury; the
author of a translation of an Italian treatise on the Fine Arts, Oxon.
1598, which he dedicated to Sir Thomas Bodley.
† SACHEVERILL, AMBROSE, B.C.L. (1591): canon of Chi-
chester.
I PEMBROKE, EARL OF, WILLIAM HERBERT (1592), born
at Wilton, April 8th, 1580, entered as a nobleman at New College,
in Lent Term, 1592; he succeeded his father in the earldom in 1691



1593.]
409
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

was created K.G., and became governor of Portsmouth in the
sixth year of King James I. In 1626, while lord steward of the
household, he was elected chancellor of Oxford. Lanieri and
Henry Lawes set several of his poems to music; they were printed
in 1660. He died at Baynard's Castle, April 10th, 1630, and is
buried in the cathedral of Sarum. He will be best remembered for
Lord Clarendon's noble panegyric on him.
| COOK, JAMES (1592): archdeacon of Winton.
† FITZHERBERT, RICHARD, M.A. (1593): proctor, 1605; arch-
deacon of Dorset, 1621.
| CRADOCKE, JOHN, D.C.L. (1593): fellow of St. Mary Win-
ton College, 1617; canon of Chichester and Winchester.
+ JAMES, THOMAS, D.D. (1593). He was a member of the con-
,
vocation assembled with the Parliament in Oxford in the reign of
Charles I. This indefatigable scholar, who offered to print a
library of the Fathers, carefully collated with the original MS., was
the first librarian appointed by Sir Thomas Bodley at Oxford; he
was afterwards sub-dean of Wells. Unfortunately, he was not
supported, and his design was never completed. His most import-
ant works are, a “Life of Wickliffe”, “Ecloga Oxonio-Cantabri-
giensis”, a catalogue of all MSS. in the college libraries of the two
universities; “Bellum Papale”, and a catalogue of books in the
Bodleian Library. Whenever he found a college careless about a
valuable work, he borrowed it, and placed it in the public library, to
ensure its preservation. James was the friend of Camden the anti-
quary. On Sept. 14th, 1602, he was admitted vicar of St. Aldate's,
in Oxford. He was a voluminous writer of controversy. He died in
Holywell, August 1629, and is buried in the choir of New College
Chapel.
+ LYDYATT, THOMAS (1593), of Okerton, Oxon, was the pupil
in New College of (Sir) Henry Marten ; but resigned his fellowship,
preferring secular studies to the profession of a clergyman, as he
had a defective utterance. His hopes of promotion were buried in the
grave of the English Marcellus, the Prince Henry, whose " cosmo-
grapher and chronographer” he was, and to whom he dedicated
his treatise “De Emendatione Temporum”. In 1610, Archbishop
Usher induced him to reside for two years in Trinity College, Dublin.
Upon his return to England he was instituted rector of Okerton,
but, unhappily, becoming surety for a friend, he was imprisoned in
Bocardo, but was released by means of Dr. Pinke, Archbishop Laud,
and Usher. He petitioned King Charles I to grant to him permis.
sion to travel into Turkey, Ethiopia, and Abyssinia, in order to dis-

a

a

410
[1597.
THE ROLL OF
6
cover curious MSS., or any materials for the advancement of learn-
ing. The troubles that ensued deprived the king of the power to
become his patron. By his admirable replies he completely worsted
that “Goliah of learning, Joseph Scaliger”, who retorted with coarse
abuse: the German critics ranked him with Mede and Bacon. His
MSS. upon divinity, astronomy, and mathematics, amounting to
thirty-eight in number, were collected into twenty-two volumes by
Dr. Lamphire. He suffered great distress during the great Rebel-
lion ; pillaged, and injured in body, he gladly surrendered up his
soul to Him Who gave it, and his body to be laid in the grave of his
father and mother, April 3rd, 1646. The society of New College
have marked the spot, near the south window of the choir.
“Then mark what ills the scholar's life assail,
Toil, envy, want, the patron, and the jail ;
See nations, slowly wise and meanly just,
To buried merit raise the tardy bust.
If dreams yet flatter, once again attend,
Hear Lydiat's life, and Galileo's end.”
DR. Johnson, The Vanity of Human Wishes.
| BOLINGE, HENRY, M.A. (1594): official of Bedfordshire.
| HASSALL, JOHN, D.D. (1594): dean of Norwich, July 15th,
1628; canon of Lichfield, Feb. 10th, 1602. He died Dec. 27th,
1654, and is buried at North Creyke, Norfolk. He owed his pre-
ferments to the favour of the Princess Elizabeth, the palatine's con-
sort, and to his services as chaplain to Sir Horace Vere's regiment
in the Low Countries.
* RALEIGH, WALTER, D.D. (1597), the elder brother of Sir
Walter, was born at Downton : in 1602 he entered as a commoner
of Magdalen College, Oxford; he was successively chaplain to Wil-
liam, earl of Pembroke, chaplain in ordinary to King Charles I, and
dean of Wells, Jan. 13th, 1641. He was cruelly persecuted by the
rebels; being taken prisoner, July 21st, 1647, he was removed from
place to place, and confided to the care of a savage cobbler, who, when
he refused to permit him to read a letter addressed to his own wife,
stabbed him in the groin; he died of the wound on Oct. 10th, 1646,
and is buried before the dean's stall in St. Andrew's Cathedral,
Wells. He was the dear friend of Henry Hammond, Lucius Lord
Falkland, and William Chillingworth. His “Reliquiæ Raleighanæ"
were published by Bishop Patrick. The rebels completed their
wickedness by driving his widow and fatherless children from their
pillaged home, and forcing his son to fly for his life, when he ad-
ventured on arraigning his parent's murderer.

1600.]
411
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
.
| TWISSE, WILLIAM, D.D. (1598), of Speenhamland; was the
son of a wealthy clothier; and becoming distinguished for his ear-
nestness and piety, was appointed chaplain to the Princess Eliza-
beth, consort of the prince palatine: his intercourse with the pastors
of Germany wrought such a change upon his mind, that in the re-
bellion he sided with the Puritans, and became prolocutor of the
Assembly of Divines. He was one of the ablest controversialists
with whom Arminians have ever had to contend. He died in Hol-
born, where he had been lecturer of St. Andrew's Church, and was
buried July 24th, 1645, in Westminster Abbey: we have to deplore
the violence which in 1661 cast his remains into a rude grave dug
in St. Margaret's churchyard.
† RYVES, SIR THOMAS (1598), of Langton, Dorset, Knt., D.C.L.,
1610 : chancellor of the archbishop of Dublin; master in Chancery,
and judge of the Faculties in Ireland: king's advocate. He was
the author of a work on “Sea Battles”, and the “Vicar's Plea”;
but having exchanged the pen and ink-horn for the sword, bore
himself valiantly as a cavalier during the civil wars. He died in
1652. He gave the advowson of Abbot Stoke, Dorset, to New Col-
lege in 1678.
† BRIDGES, WILLIAM, B.C.L. (1598): fellow of Winton; arch-
deacon of Oxford, June 1614; canon of Lincoln, July 18th, 1618.
† ALEXANDER, FRANCIS, D.C.L. (1599): canon of Winches-
ter, Oct. 14th, 1613.
† GARDINER, DANIEL, M.A. (1599): head-master of Bedford
School.

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
† REINOLDS, JOHN, B.C.L. (1600): a noted epigrammatist of
his age, author of “Disticha Classis Epigrammatum”, “Poems on
English Sovereigns", 1611. He died in 1614, and is buried in New
College cloister.
† FYNES, WILLIAM, C.F. (1600), a native of Broughton : from
a zealous loyalist in the time of King James, by whom he was
created Baron Saye and Sele, July 7th, 1624, he became a stout
Parliamentarian in the reign of his son. However, he was ad-
mitted master of the court of Wards, May 17th, 1641, and privy
councillor; he openly in the following years joined the king's ene-
mies, and was outlawed; he acted as a commissioner to treat for
peace with Charles at Carisbrook, and Cromwell gave to him a seat
in the upper house. After the restoration, while many a broken-
hearted cavalier languished neglected and in want, he was made
D D

a

412
[1610.
THE ROLL OF
lord privy-seal, and lord chamberlain of the household. He died
April 14th, 1662, and is buried at Broughton. He was high-
steward of Oxford July 1641-1643.
† HOSKINS, JOHN, D.C.L. (1601): chaplain to the Bishop of
Hereford and King James I; canon of Hereford, Dec. 10th, 1614;
and master of St. Oswald's Hospital, co. Worcester.
+ TAYNTER, GABRIEL, M.A. (1604): canon of Chichester.
| DARELL, NICHOLAS, D.C.L. (1604): chaplain to Bishop
Montague; canon of Winchester, July 15th, 1661; archdeacon,
May 3rd, 1666. He died March 29th, 1684, and is buried in the
cathedral.
† ADAMS, RICHARD, M.A. (1606): canon of Wells.
| HEATH, JOHN, M.A. (1607): author of “Two Centuries of
Epigrams”, 1610; and translator of Peter Du Moulin's “ Accom-
plishment of Daniel's Prophecies, and the Revelation”, 1613.
* HARMAN, John, M.A. (1608), became a demy of Magdalen
College, Oxford, in 1611; head-master of St. Alban's School; un-
der-master of St. Peter's College, Westminster; rector of Ewhurst,
Hants, March 30th, 1659; and regius professor of Greek in Oxford,
1650-1660. He wrote several works on grammar, some orations
and addresses alternately to king and usurper.
He died at Ste-
venton, Hants, on Nov. 1st, 1670.
† SOUTH, WARNER, B.C.L. (1608), canon of Wells.
† ZOUCH, RICHARD, B.C.L. (1609), was born in Anstey, Wilts,
and became an advocate in Doctors' Commons; and in the autumn
of 1620, regius professor of civil law in Oxford. He twice repre-
sented Hythe in parliament; was chancellor of Oxford; principal of
St. Alban's Hall; and on Oct. 1st, 1641, became judge of the High
Court of Admiralty. He was one of the commission sent to visit the
university after the restoration. He was the author of many valuable
works upon law, and so highly was he esteemed, that Oliver Crom-
well summoned him from Oxford to clear his own and his council's
doubts as to the legality of trying Don Pataleon Sa, the Portuguese
ambassador, on the charge of murdering an English barrister in the
Exchange. He was buried in Doctors' Commons.
† SOUTH, JOHN, B.C.L. (1610), precentor of Sarum, Sept. 24th,
1666; regius professor of Greek in the university of Oxford, 1622-
25. He died at Writtle, in Aug. 1672, and is there buried.
RYVES, BRUNO, D.D. (1610), was a clerk of New College in
1610: he was afterwards chaplain of Magdalen College ; vicar of
Stanwell; rector of St. Martin's-de-la-Vintry, Middlesex, Sept.
1628; and chaplain to King Charles I, and dean of Chichester, July

1617.]
413
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
.
.
12th, 1660. After the restoration he was promoted to the deanery
of Windsor, Sept. 3rd, 1660, and Wolverhampton; and to the rec-
tory of Acton, Middlesex, and Haseley, Oxon. He was the author
of the “Mercurius Rusticus”,-a newspaper detailing the sacrile-
gious acts of the Puritans; and assisted Walton in the compilation
of his “Polyglott”. He died July 13th, 1677, and is buried in St.
George's chapel, Windsor, in the south aisle.
† OLDIS, WILLIAM, B.D.(1612), proctor, 1623; canon of Wells,
He was savagely murdered by a party of Puritan soldiers, while
riding between Adderbury and Oxford.
+ CROOKE, JOHN, B.C.L.(1612), fellow of Winchester College,
1619; rector of Blandford; master of St. Mary Magdalene Hospital
and St. Cross; canon of Winchester, Nov. 14th, 1640.
† TESDALL, CHRISTOPHER, M.A. (1612), canon of Wells and
Chichester.
| RYVES, JOHN, B.C.L. (1614), canon of Winton, Aug. 8th,
1660; canon of Sarum, March 1st, 1625; archdeacon of Berks,
Nov. 20th, 1634. He died Aug. 19th, 1665.
† STRINGER, HENRY, D.D. (1614), proctor, 1630.
† COOTH, JOHN, M.A. (1614), canon of Sarum.
† NICHOLAS, MATTHEW, D.C.L.(1615), canon of Westminster,
1642; Sarum; rector of West Dean, Wilts; dean of Bristol, 1639;
dean of St. Paul's, July 10th, 1660; canon of St. Paul's, Aug. 17th,
1660. He died Aug. 14th, 1661, and was buried at Winterbourn-
Earles. He was brother of Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State.
† MERICKE, Sir WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1616), Knt., 1661, judge
of the Prerogative Court, Sept. 28th, 1641.
From 1617 until 1630, WILLIAM, Earl of Pembroke, K.G., Lord
Chamberlain, and a commoner of New College, was chancellor of
the University; he died April 10th, 1630.
* BROWNE, Sir Thomas, Ph.D., D.Med. (1617), was born
in the parish of St. Michael, Cheapside, Oct. 19th, 1605, and after
proceeding from Winton to Broadgate Hall, Oxford, took his de-
gree, in arts, in 1623; he took the degree of Ph. D., in Leyden,
and was incorporated at Oxford in 1637. On his return from foreign
parts, at the persuasion of Thomas Lushington, his tutor, he retired
to the city of Norwich, where he practised physic. He was elected
honorary fellow of the College of Physicians in London. In 1642,
his great work, the “Religio Medici”, appeared, a work which ob-
tained a splendid success, and is at this day popular. In 1658 ap-
peared his “Garden of Cyrus”, a fanciful, theoretic book, which
stands on debateable ground, whether or not it was a whimsical,


2
D D 2

414
[1624
THE ROLL OF
66
sportive piece. In 1658 he put forth his “Hydriotaphia” also,
wherein, upon the slender thread of the discovery of some Roman
urns, he strung a chain of beautiful thoughts and learned observa-
tions. Of the same kind were his charming“ Enquiries into Vulgar
and Common Errors”, full of the results of laborious research, ele-
gant fancies, and all kinds of quaint credulity. In 1671, he received
knighthood from Charles II, who was visiting at Norwich. Eleven
years after he was seized with a colic, and on his birthday, Oct. 19th,
1682, he died. His remains were laid in the church of St. Peter
Mancroft, in Norwich.
BATE, GEORGE, D.Med., 1637, F.R.S., fellow of the College
of Physicians, London; a native of Maid's Morton, Bucks, born in
1608, was a clerk of New College. He was chief physician to King
Charles I, the Charter House, Oliver Cromwell, and King Charles
II. He died in Hatton Garden, April 19th, 1668, and is buried at
Kingston-on-Thames. He was the author of a history of the Great
Rebellion.
† CHALKHILL, JOHN (1618), of St. Mary-le-Bow, London,
M.A.; vicar of Downton ; rector of Ashley, Hants; fellow of Win-
ton, 1633; author of the songs in Walton's “Angler”. He died
March 10th, 1679, and is buried in the cloisters at Winton.
† GRIFFITH, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1617), chancellor of St. Asaph
and Bangor; master in chancery.
† BARKER, WILLIAM, D.D. (1621), created, for his laudable
sermons preached before the king and parliament at Oxford during
the time of the rebellion, canon of Canterbury, July 1660; rector
of Hardwick, Bucks, where he is buried. He died March 26th, 1669.
† FIELD, NATHANIEL, M.A. (1619), canon of Chichester.
| PARSONS, WILLIAM, B.C.L. (1622), canon of Chichester.
† GOOD, JOHN, B.D. (1622), proctor, 1636.
† MASTER, THOMAS, M.A. (1624). There are four thick folio
volumes lying in the library of Jesus College, containing materials
for Lord Herbert of Cherbury's life of King Henry VIII; indeed,
to him is due the credit of collecting facts and copying documents
for the work. His poem, “Μονοστροφικά είς τήν του ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ σταύ-
pwouv”, was rendered into English by Abraham Cowley. He died
during the winter of 1643, of a malignant fever, and is buried in
New College ante-chapel, on the north side.
† FIENNES, NATHANIEL (1624), member of parliament for Ban-
bury, 1640; he was afterwards appointed colonel of a regiment of
horse, under Robert, Earl of Essex, and governor of the garrison of
Bristol. For his outrages in the cathedral and parish churches,
a

1632.]
415
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
and persecution of the royalists, he was tried at St. Alban's, in Dec.
1643, by a council of war, but through the intercession of his kins-
men was acquitted. He served in most of the Cromwellian parlia-
ments; became privy-councillor ; and speaker of the upper
house.
At the restoration he retired to Newton Toney, where he died,
Dec. 16th, 1669. Several of his speeches are preserved.
† MALLORY, THOMAS, M.A. (1626): canon of Lichfield, Sept.
19th, 1660; of Chester, July 30th, 1660.
† READE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1626): he trailed his pike among
the loyal scholars of Oxford, and became their captain. In Oct.
1643, he was appointed principal of Magdalen Hall, but left cloister
for camp; and when the royal cause was lost, the baudrick and
sword, for a Cistercian's serge gown. After the restoration, he
practised as a surrogate in Doctors' Commons. He died at Exeter
House in the Strand, 1669, and is buried in the church of the Savoy.
† YONGE, EDWARD, M.A. (1627): proctor, 1642.
| HYDE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1629): judge of the Admiralty
Court, March 12th, 1660; precentor of Sarum, Nov. 17th, 1660.
† GREEN, THOMAS (1632): chaplain to Bishop Morley; canon
of Winchester.
| HALSEY, SIR JOHN, Knt. (1632), master in chancery.
† GAWEN, THOMAS (1632), was the son of a clergyman in the
city of Bristol, and born A.D. 1612, in Marshfield, Gloucestershire.
He took his degree in arts, received holy orders, and then travelled
to Rome, where he enjoyed the company of John Milton, the poet.
On his return, Dr. Curle, Bishop of Winton, gave him a stall in his
cathedral church, June 17th, 1645, and the rectory of Exton, Hants.
He was a deep and accomplished scholar; his pleasing narration
of his travels, and his courteous manners, endeared him to the
society of Magdalen College, in Oxford, whither he accompanied
his patron's son as a tutor. In due course, Mr. Gawen took his
degree; and then foreseeing the storms that lay along the horizon
threatening the Church of his baptism, he accepted the offer of
accompanying Lord William Pierrepoint, heir to the earldom of Dor-
chester. Some time was spent in the congenial scenes of Rome, and
in the most beautiful parts of Italy; while on his homeward jour-
ney through France, a friend whom he had known in Oxford dis-
covered that his travels had exerted a fatal influence upon his faith.
Invitations were in vain made to him to present himself at the court
of the queen-mother in Paris. The restoration came, and he fol-
lowed in the train of majesty; was restored to all that he had lost;
and became rector of Bishopstoke, Hants. He betrayed the secret

a

416
[1644.
THE ROLL OF
a
which lay upon his mind; relinquished his preferments; and by
the influence of Dr. Stephen Goffe, the queen's confessor, and Lord
Abbat Montague, was sworn servant in the household of Queen
Henrietta. He went once more to Rome, but returned to London,
and on March 8th, 1683-4, died in his house in Pall Mall; he
was buried in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster.
His works were, a “Brief Explanation of the Ceremonial of the
Mass”, “ Divers Meditations before and after Communion”, and
some treatises.
+ LAMPHIRE, John, D.Med. (1636): principal of New Inn
Hall, 1662; Camden professor of ancient history, 1660-88; prin-
cipal of Hart Hall, elected May 30th, 1663; he retained the office
until the year 1688. He died in Hart Hall, March 30th, 1688.
,
† COLES, EDMUND, M.A. (1636): bursalis canon of Chichester.
* BOLD, HENRY (1640). He was elected probationer fellow of
New College in 1645, but was ejected by the parliamentarian visitors
in 1648. He then came to London, and became a member of the
Examiner's Office in Chancery. He was an elegant versifier in
Latin, and published “Poems, lyrique, macaronique, heroique”,
etc., Lond. 1664, 8vo.; Latin songs, with their English, and poems,
Lond. 1685, 8vo. He died in Chancery Lane, on Oct. 23rd, 1683,
and was buried in the chancel of West Twyford church, Middlesex.
His monument is on the north wall. The arms are, gules; two
chevrons, or ; impaling a lion. The inscription is defaced.
A-WOOD, ANTONY (the famous historian of Oxford), B.C.L.,
of Merton College, was educated in New College school, during the
years 1641-44, under Thomas Mayland, M.A., afterwards rector of
Stanton St. John.
† ALLWORTH, HENRY, D.C.L. (1642): chancellor of Oxford.
I PHILIP, Earl of Pembroke (1642), M.A., 1605: became chan-
cellor, chamberlain of the household, high steward, 1615, and com-
moner of New College; he was deemed unworthy of his office,
being against the king, and was deposed by the University. He
forcibly resumed the chancellorship in 1648. He was one of Crom-
well's council of state. He died at the Cockpit in Whitehall on
Jan. 23rd, 1649, and was buried Feb. 8th, in the church of Sarum.
# COLE, WILLIAM (1642), B.A., 1650, son of the Rev. J. Cole,
F.N.C.: was a clerk of New College in 1642; but became fellow
of Merton, and registrar of the University. He was esteemed the
most eminent herbalist of his time, and resided at Putney. He
died in 1662, while secretary to Bishop Duppa. He was the author
of “ The Art of Simpling", Lond. 1656.

1651.]
417
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
| HOLLOWAY, SIR RICHARD, Knt. (1644): serjeant-at-law;
justice of the King's Bench, Sept. 25th, 1683, to June 1688; deputy
steward, May 20th, 1663, to Dec. 15th, 1684.
* BOURCHIER, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1644): fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford; regius professor of civil law, 1672-1735; com-
missary to the metropolitan; and archdeacon of Lewes; principal
of St. Alban's Hall, 1678-1723.
* FELL, PHILIP (1644), of Christ Church, Oxford; fellow of
Eton College.
| TOWNSEND, ROBERT, D.D. (1644): canon of Lincoln, Nov.
9th, 1660.
* LLOYD, NICHOLAS, M.A. (1644): sub-warden of Wadham
College, Oxford; chaplain to Bishop Blandford, 1665; rector of
Carfax, 1665-70; and Newington, Surrey, 1672; reader of rhetoric
at Oxford, July 1665; author of “Dictionarium Historicum, Geo-
graphicum, Poeticum”, etc., an anticipation of Lempriere's famous
Dictionary. He died Nov. 27th, 1680, and is buried at Newington.
# SHERLOCK, RICHARD (1664), S.T.D. 1660, born at Oxton,
Cheshire. He removed from Magdalen Hall to Trinity College,
Dublin; and during the rebellion in Ireland returned to Oxford,
where he became chaplain of New College, and afterwards rector
of Winwick. He was the author of the well-known work, “The
Practical Christian".
* LUCY, RICHARD (1645): archdeacon of St. David's.
† STEVENS, WALTER, D.Med. (1645), of St. Alban's Hall;
principal of Hart Hall, March 17th, 1653.
+ WITT, RICHARD, B.C.L. (1647): registrar of the University
of Oxford.
I STEPHENS, PHILIP, M.A. (1649): principal of Hart Hall,
1653; author of “ Catalogus Horti Botanici Oxoniensis”.
The learned STEPHEN CHARNOCK, A.M. (1649); a fellow in-
truded by the rebels; born in London, 1628; educated in Emmanuel
College, Cambridge, as the pupil of Sancroft, afterwards primate.
He died July 1680, and is buried in St. Michael's, Cornhill.
† COLLINS, SAMUEL, M.D. (1649): fellow of King's College,
Cambridge; author of the “History of the present state of Russia”,
1671.
† MASTER, EDWARD, D.C.L. (1651): chancellor and precentor
of Exeter.
† SHARROCK, ROBERT (1651), D.C.L. 1661: author of several
botanical works; rector of Horwood, and Bishop's Waltham; arch-
deacon of Winton, April 28th, 1684; chaplain of the Bishop of



418
[1660.
THE ROLL OF
Winchester; canon of Winchester, Sept. 13th, 1663. He died July
11th, 1684, and is buried at Waltham.
† AYLMER, JOHN (1651), D.C.L., 1663: author of “Musæ
Sacræ; seu Jonas, Jeremias, Threni, et Daniel, Græco redditi car-
mine", Oxon, 1652. He died at Petersfield, April 6th, 1672, and
is buried at Havant, Hants.
| ELYOTT, JOHN, D.C.L. (1651): chancellor of Sarum.
+ THISTLETHWAYTE, GABRIEL, B.C.L. (1652): fellow of
Winton; canon of Sarum, Sept. 10th, 1666.
+ FLATTMAN, THOMAS (1653). He was a barrister by pro-
fession; a poet and painter by inclination. Oldys wrote this epi-
gram on his triple character:
“Should Flattman for his client strain the laws,
The painter gives some colour to the cause :
Should critics censure what the poet writ,
The pleader 'quits him at the bar of wit.”
He died in Fleet-street, Dec. 8th, 1688, and is buried in St. Bride's
church. Granger says that one of his heads was worth a whole
ream of his writing.
+ THOMAS, DAVID, D. Med. (1653): proctor, 1665.
† DEANE, HENRY, D.C.L. (1654): chancellor of Bath and
Wells, 1664. He died Dec. 1672.
† OLDYS, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1655): official of Bucks; proctor,
1623; chancellor of Lincoln; advocate for the office of lord high
admiral; advocate in the court Marshal; he was removed because
he refused to pronounce the sailors, acting against England under
King James II, guilty of treason and piracy. He died in 1708.
| LOWE, SIR EDWARD, D.C.L. Knt. (1656): master in chan-
cery, Jan. 2nd, 1673; chancellor of Sarum, 1671. He died May
1684.
† BOHUN, RALPH (1657): author of “ A treatise on the origin
and properties of wind”.
| HERSENT, JOHN, B.D. (1658); proctor, 1661.
* POTENGER, JOHN (1658): scholar of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford; M.A.; comptroller of the Pipe, 1676; author of a trans-
lation of Tacitus' “Life of Agricola”.
† SPENCER, EDWARD, M.A. (1659): chancellor of Sarum;
master of St. Oswald's Hospital, Sarum.
| PARSONS, RICHARD (1659): D.C.L. 1687; chancellor of
Gloucester.
| HARRISON, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1666): canon of Chichester.
1667.]
419
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

† PENTON, STEPHEN, B.D. (1661): principal of St. Edmund's
Hall in Oxford, 1675-1684.
† PELHAM, NATHANIEL (1661): proctor, 1676.
† WISEMAN, ROBERT, D.C.L. (1661): dean of the Arches.
| YOUNG, EDWARD, B.C.L. (1663): fellow of Winchester Col-
lege; rector of Upham, Hants; canon, 1682; and dean of Sarum ;
chaplain-in-ordinary, and clerk of the closet. He published two
volumes of sermons in 1702. He died in 1705.
He died in 1705. He was the
father of the poet.
| BOWYER, SIR JAMES, Bart. (1663), of Leighthorne: the title
was entailed on Sir Henry Goring of Highden, Sussex.
† TRENCHARD, John, S.C.L. C.F. (1665): chief-justice of
Chester; privy-councillor, 1 William and Mary.
† WARD, SETH, M.A. (1666): fellow of Winchester College,
Oct. 1672; canon of Winchester, Sept. 15th, 1676; archdeacon of
Wilts, Feb. 16th, 1674; chancellor of Sarum, Nov. 5th, 1681 ;
treasurer of Sarum, Jan. 15th, 1686; rector of Brightwell, Berks.
He was buried in Sarum cathedral in May 1690.
| HARRIS, WALTER, D. Med. (1666): having taken his de-
gree he resigned his fellowship, and having joined the Roman com-
munion became D.M. of Paris. In 1676 he returned to London,
and conformed to the English Church. He was physician to Wil-
liam III, fellow and censor of the College of Physicians. He was
the author of “Dissertationes Medicæ et Chirurgicæ habitæ in
Theatro Collegii Regalis”, 1725; “De Morbis acutis Infantum”,
1689, twice translated into English, and turned into French by
Droaux.
† HERBERT, SIR EDWARD (1667) Knt. Feb. 19th, 1683, of
the Middle Temple. He was the youngest son of Sir Edward,
sometime Lord Chancellor, during the exile of King Charles II.
He passed over to Ireland as attorney-general, but after some years
returning to England, put on a silk gown, succeeded Jeffreys as
chief-justice of Chester, 36 Charles II, and Churchill as attorney-
general to the Duke of York. His mild manners, gravity, and
virtue, recommended him for the office of chief-justice of the King's
Bench on Oct. 22nd, 1685, and the honour of being a privy-coun-
cillor. He would have, undoubtedly, taken his seat upon the
woolsack but for his noble opposition to King James II, when he
desired to enforce martial law in time of peace. On April 22nd,
1687, he removed to the court of Common Pleas. This high-minded
man remained faithful to the exiled monarch, who appointed him
lord chancellor, and created him Baron Portland. He was excepted



420
[1672.
THE ROLL OF
out of the act of pardon, July 23rd, 1690, by King William III.
He died in 1698, and was buried in the same cemetery wherein his
father lay at Paris.
S FALKLAND, ANTHONY, Viscount (1668): high in office
during the reigns of Charles II and William III. On Feb. 16th,
1693-4, he was committed to the Tower by the house of commons
as guilty of a misdemeanour in receiving money from the crown.
He died in 1694.
§ PIERREPONT, Mr. (1668): William, Earl of Kingston-upon-
Hull. He gave £100 to the building of the school.
Ş OTWAY, THOMAS (1668): born at Trottin, Sussex, March
3rd, 1651, the son of the Rev. Humphrey Otway, rector of Wool-
beding. He quitted Christ Church before he took a degree,
and, like Jonson and Shakespeare, failed when he essayed to be
a player; he tried also a soldier's life, as a cornet of dragoons
in Flanders; but he left behind him a name that holds a chief
place among English dramatic writers. He was the author of
“ Alcibiades”, 1675; “ Titus and Berenice", 1677; “Friendship
in Fashion”, 1678; “Don Carlos”, 1675; “ The Orphan”, 1680;
“ The Soldier's Fortune”, 1683; and the “ Venice Preserved”, in
1685; a volume of Poems; and a translation of the French History
of the Triumvirate. He died either of indigence April 14th, 1685,
on Tower Hill; or, some say, choked with a piece of bread which,
half-famished, he ravenously attempted to swallow; Pope related
that his death was the effect of a fever, caught in the pursuit of a
thief who had robbed one of his friends.
† DINGLEY, WILLIAM, M.A. (1669): proctor, 1682.
* NORRIS, JOHN, M.A. (1671): he entered Exeter College,
Oxford, in 1676; and was elected fellow of All Souls' College in
1680. In 1689 he became rector of Newton St. Loe, near Bath;
and in 1691 of Bemerton, George Herbert's living. He died in
1711, and is buried in the chancel of that church. Deeply thought-
ful, a profound logician, vigorous in style, his talent as a metaphy-
sician was only excelled by his fervent devotion and piety. He was
a voluminous writer, and incessant application to his learned studies
prematurely enfeebled his frame.
† WOODWARD, ROBERT (1672), D.C.L. 1685: archdeacon of
Wilts, Nov. 15th, 1681; chancellor of Sarum, Jan. 3rd, 1684;
rector of Pewsey, Jan. 1685; dean of Sarum, April 23rd, 1691.
† WARNER, JOHN, M.A. (1672): canon of Winchester, Aug.
13th, 1694.
† HUGHES, WILLIAM (1672): chancellor of Wells.
1684.]
421
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

S PAULET, CHARLES, Lord (1674): second Duke of Bolton;
lord-lieutenant of Ireland. He died Jan. 21st, 1722.
§ NOEL, EDWARD, Baron (1675): Earl of Gainsborough, Dec.
1st, 1682; lord-lieutenant of Hants; warden of the New Forest,
and governor of Portsmouth. He died in 1689.
+ LOGGAN, ROBERT (1677): chancellor of Sarum.
† MUSGRAVE, WILLIAM, D. Med. (1677), a physician of
Exeter; secretary to the Royal Society, 1684-5. Upon his retire-
ment from office, Mr. Weld says that he received a handsome
present of plate; he wrote Nos. CXLVII-CLXXVIII in the Philo-
sophical Transactions.
§ CLIFFORD, CHARLES, Baron (1678), of Chudleigh. He
died in 1690.
| VERNEY, Hon. GEORGE (1678), D.D. 1699: Baron Wil-
loughby de Broke; dean of Windsor, 1713; registrar of the order
of the Garter. He died on Dec. 26th, 1728.
† CHRISTMAS, WILLIAM (1678), M.A. 1683: proctor, 1688;
professor of moral philosophy in Oxford, Dec. 1688-1693.
† PALMER, SAMUEL, B.C.L. (1678): fellow of Winchester
College; canon of Chichester. He died in 1730.
+ CALE, WEELY, M.A. (1678): canon of Chichester.
| EYRE, ROBERT, D.D. (1678): fellow of Winchester College;
canon of Winchester, Jan. 15th, 1700.
+ THISTLETHWAYT, JOHN (1679): fellow of Winchester
College; canon of Chichester.
+ BARNABY, GABRIEL (1679): M.A. 1684; proctor, 1694.
Ş HAZELRIGGE, SIR THOMAS, Bart. (1680): member of par-
liament for Leicester. He died in 1700.
| WOOD, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1681): the nephew of famous An-
tony. With the assistance of Francis Willis, F.N.C., he translated
Anacreon; he was also the author of a “ Vindication of the Histo
riographer of Oxford”; “ The Institutes of the Laws of England”;
and an “ Appendix to the Life of Bishop Seth Ward”. Commissary
and official of Bucks.
† BEAUMONT, SIR GEORGE, Bart. (1682), of Staughton Grange,
co. Leicester; member of parliament for Leicester; commissioner of
the privy-seal, 1712; a lord of the Admiralty, 1714.
§ LUCY, SIR BERKELEY, Bart. (1683), F.R.S. He died Nov.
19th, 1759.
+ BRIDEOAKE, RALPH (1683): archdeacon of Winchester,
Dec. 1, 1702.
† MOMPESSON, THOMAS (1684): M.A. 1689; proctor, 1699.


422
[1687.
THE ROLL OF
a
Ş ASHLEY, ANTHONY COOPER, Lord, (1687), earl of Shaf-
tesbury, and grandson of John, duke of Rutland, was born in
Exeter House, London: after studying at Winton, he made the tour
usually followed by gentlemen of birth upon the continent, return-
ing in 1689. From 1693 to 1698 he was unwearied in his parlia-
mentary duties, while he represented Poole. Upon his resignation
in consequence of infirm health he passed over to Holland, where
he contracted friendships with Bayle and Le Clerc. In the fol-
lowing year, his father's death induced him to return to England
and take his seat in the House of Lords, in which he took a high
position. Shortly after the accession of Queen Anne, despite the
dykes and pipes of the Hollanders, he once more visited the Low
Countries, residing in them for two years; but upon coming home
to England, he never afterwards took any part in public affairs.
During a learned ease, and the remainder of a life devoted to litera-
ture, he excited the admiration and attracted the attention of his
day, by his brilliant passages of eloquence and forcible pleadings of
philosophy, his lofty spirit of beauty and wisdom rivalling the lore
of the ancients, and his glimpses and prognostics ever and anon of
new and sublime truths. His works appeared thus : the “Letter
on Enthusiasm”, in 1708; in 1709, the “Moralist”; in 1710, his
“ Soliloquy”. The life of an earnest student is seldom a long one:
symptoms of decay could not be concealed : beside the blue waters
of the Mediterranean and the classic shores of beautiful Naples, he
sought in vain to renew his enfeebled frame; slowly and calmly he
sank away, and departed, almost with the wonted pen in his hand,
on Feb. 15th, 1713. A posthumous volume, entitled, “ Character-
istics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times”, appeared shortly
after. Bishop Warburton, speaking of it, says, its “author had many
excellent qualities, both as a man and a writer. He was temperate,
chaste, honest, and a lover of his country. In his writings he has
shown how much he has imbibed the deep sense, and how naturally
he could copy the gracious manner, of Plato.” "
§ GUILDFORD, WILLIAM, Lord (1685), sixth Baron North,
and second Lord Grey; a gallant soldier, who fought under Marl-
borough in all his campaigns, and lost his hand by a cannon-shot
at Blenheim. He died in 1734.
† PHILLIPS, DANIEL, D.D. (1686): canon of Hereford.
* PHILLIPS,JOHN (1687), the son of Dr. Stephen Phillips, arch-
deacon of Salop, born at Bampton, Oxon, Dec. 30th, 1676. In 1694
he went up to Christ Church, Oxford. He was the author of the
“Splendid Shilling”, 1703 ; “Blenheim”, 1705; “ Cider”, 1706.
”
1694.]
423
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

He died on Feb. 15th, 1708, aged 33. He was buried in Hereford
Cathedral; and Lord Chancellor Harcourt gave him a monument in
Poet's Corner, in St. Peter's Abbey, Westminster; the epitaph was
written by Bishop Atterbury. The school tradition was, that his
chief delight was to retire to his chamber, and have his hair combed
out by a junior.
| DEERING, SIR CHOLMELY, Bart., killed in a duel, when on
the eve of his marriage, by Mr. Thornhill, in Tothill Fields, in 1711.
† JONES, CHARLES (1687): canon of Wells.
§ COBB, SIR EDWARD, BART. (1687): of Adderbury.
* FIENNES, NATHANIEL, LORD (1688) Viscount Saye and Sele
(1687). He died in 1710.
S PUTT, SIR THOMAS, Bart. (1688), of Combe, Devon. He died
May 5th, 1721.
S WROTH, SIR John, Bart. (1688), of Blenden Hall, Kent.
* BATHURST, Sir EDWARD, Bart. (1688).
† CROSSE, RICHARD, D.C.L. (1696): canon of Winchester;
archdeacon of Hereford.
| LYDIATT, RICHARD, B.C.L. (1690): upper-master of War-
wick School.
+ BICKLEY, BRUNE, D.Med. (1691): proctor, 1705.
| EYRE, CHRISTOPHER (1691), B.C.L., 1697: canon of Winton
and Llandaff, Nov. 7th, 1711; hostiarius, 1701; rector of Aston,
Herts, and Tempsford, Beds. He died in 1743, and is buried in
the cathedral.
| ROGERS, JOHN, D.D., 1721; educated in New College School,
was a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was canon and
sub-dean of Wells; chaplain to (George II) Prince of Wales, 1726;
and vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate, Oct. 1728. He was the author
of a “Discourse of the Visible and Invisible Church of Christ”, and
a reply to the latitudinarian Dr. Sykes' review of it: the university
gave to him a diploma of D.D. for his services. He also engaged
in a controversy with Collins the Free Thinker. He died May 11th,
1729, and is buried at Ensham, Oxon.
† FOX, EDWARD BOHUN, B.C.L. (1692): rector of Melksham;
co-founder with Dr. Burton of the exhibitions for superannuate scho-
lars of Winchester College. The first scholar-exhibitioner was elected
in 1730, although the fund was not fully established until 1742: the
origin of it is due to Dr. Dobson and Mr. Eyre, hostiarius.
* MODYFORD, SIR NORTON, Bart. (1694.)
† BEAUMONT, SIR LEWIS, Bart. (1694), of Staughton, co. Lei-
cester: rector of Pycombe ; canon of Chichester.



424
[1695.
THE ROLL OF
† SOMERVILLE, WILLIAM, C.F. (1694), D.C.L. 1722, of Wot-
ton, co. Worcester : the poet of the sportsman and the friend of Shen-
stone. He was the author of “Verses to Addison”; “Odes to Marl-
borough”; “ Fables”; and the well-known poem of “The Chase”.
He died July 19th, 1742, and is buried at Wotton, near Henley-on-
Arden.
* YOUNG, EDWARD (Jan. 15th, 1694), the friend of Pope, D.C.L.,
, , ,
1719; was born at Upham, Hants, in June 1681: in 1708 he was
elected fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, and in 1716 was chosen
to speak the Latin oration when the first stone of the Codrington
Library was laid. In 1712 he published his “Epistle to George
Lord Lansdowne”, and in 1713 prefixed a recommendatory copy of
verses to Addison's “Cato", and published his poem of “ The Last
Day”. He likewise wrote a poem on Queen Anne's death, and the
tragedy of “Busiris”, and a “Paraphrase of Job”, in 1719; and the
“Revenge”, in 1721; and “Satires”, published in 1728, in one
volume. In April 1728 he was appointed chaplain to George II.
His “ True Estimate of Human Life” appeared in 1728, and his
“Imperium Pelagi” and two Epistles to Pope, in 1730. In July
1730 he was instituted rector of Welwyn, Herts, and in May 1731,
married the Lady Elizabeth Lee. In 1734 he printed his “Foreign
Address”. His best-known work, “ The Night's Thoughts”, were
written between 1741 and 1744. In 1753 his play of the “Brothers”
was acted on the stage. In 1652 he published the “Resignation”.
In 1761 he received the appointment of clerk of the closet. In April
1765 he departed from this world. The free-thinking Tindal used
to visit All Souls, and enter into controversy with the fellows. “Ah!"
said he one day, “those lads are for ever bringing up arguments
which I have read a hundred times, but that Young always pesters
me with something new!"
| TRIMNELL, DAVID, M.A. (1695): archdeacon of Leicester,
May 17th, 1715; canon, Dec. 16th, 1710; precentor, March 1718,
of Lincoln.
† FLOYER, WILLIAM, M.A. (1695): canon of Hereford.
† AYLIFFE, JOHN (1695), D.C.L. 1710: author of several works
of great learning and extensive research, “The Ancient and Pre-
sent State of the University of Oxford”, London, 1714. 2 vols. 8vo.
“Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani”, 1726. “The Roman Law of
Pledges and Pawns”, 1732. “Pandect of the Roman Civil Law”, 1734.
* HOLDWORTH, EDWARD, M.A. (1696), 1711, born Aug. 6th,
1688, was the son of the rector of North Stoneham, Hants, and edu-
cated at Winton, he was elected demy of St. Mary Magdalen Col-
a

1712.]
425
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
lege, in Oxford, in July 1705, and in due time became a tutor : he
resigned his scholarship, having conscientious scruples which did
not permit him to take new oaths of allegiance to the house of Ha-
nover in January 1715. He was at Rome with William Pitt in 1741,
and again in 1744. He is known for his elegant Latin poem, the
“Muscipula”, and “Disputations upon Virgil”. He died at Lord
Digby's seat, Coleshill, Warwickshire, on Dec. 30th, 1747.
$ CAREW, Sir ALEXANDER, Bart. (1696), of Anthony.
* COBDEN, EDWARD, D.D. (1697) 1723, of Trinity College, Ox-
ford: chaplain in ordinary to King George II; and chaplain to Bishop
Gibson; canon of St. Paul's and of Lincoln; rector of Acton; and St.
Augustine's, London; archdeacon of London, July 1742. He was
the author of "Discourses and Essays”. He died April 22nd, 1764.
† WOODFORD, ROBERT, D.C.L. (1697): canon and treasurer
of Wells.
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
* THYNNE, Lord HENRY (1700). He died before his father,
Viscount Weymouth.
† WOODFORD, WILLIAM (1701), D. Med. : regius professor
of medicine in Oxford, April 2nd, 1730.
| HARRIS, JOHN (1701), fellow of Winchester college; canon
of Chichester.
† BEAUMONT, WILLIAM, M.A. (1703), proctor, 1717.
† CARY, WALTER, M.A. (1704), member of parliament; clerk
of the Privy Council, and of the Board of Green Cloth; secretary
to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
† EGERTON, WILLIAM, D.D. (1705), canon of Canterbury,
Nov. 25th, 1724.
† MARTEN, EDMUND, D.C.L. (1706), canon of Windsor; dean
of Worcester.
* EYRE, THOMAS (1706), fellow of All Souls' College ; chan-
cellor of Wells.
† HARRISON, WILLIAM (1706), tutor to the son of the Duke
of Queensbury; and, by Dean Swift's recommendation, secretary
to Lord Raby, ambassador at the Hague. On Jan. 13th, 1713, he
brought over the Barrier Treaty. Tickell, Young, and Swift, all
regret his early loss on Feb. 14th, 1722-3.
† LEVITT, HENRY (1709), proctor, 1722.
† BACKSHILL, JOHN, B.C.L. (1712), fellow of Winchester
College; canon of Chichester. He died in 1750.
§ HANHAM, Sir WILLIAM, Bart. (1712), Co. Præ.


426
[1714.
THE ROLL OF
| BRYDGES, Hon. JAMES (1714), first Duke of Chandos. The
princely Brydges, master of Cannons.
| CHARLES, Earl of Burford, second Duke of St. Alban's, K.G.,
K.B., lord lieutenant of Berks. He carried the Queen's crown at
the coronation of King George II; and, in 1730, was appointed
warden of the forests and governor of the castle of Windsor, and a
lord of the bed chamber.
I CAVENDISH, WILLIAM, Marquess of Hartington, third Duke
of Devonshire, K.G., lord steward of the Household ; lord lieute-
nant of Ireland, 1737.
I ROLLE, HENRY, member of parliament for Devon; created
a baron, 1748.
† MORDAUNT, Sir CHARLES, Bart., member of parliament for
the county of Warwickshire during fifty years.
I WREY, Sir BOURCHIER, Bart., colonel of North Devon mili-
tia; member of parliament.
I NOEL, Sir EDWARD, Bart.
MILL, Sir John, Bart.
§ BENNETT, Lord CHARLES (1712), second Earl of Tankerville,
K.T.; who held several distinguished places in the royal household
between 1728-40.
* SIDLEY, Sir CHARLES, Bart. (1712), member of parliament
for Nottingham.
§ ONSLOW, ARTHUR (1714), recorder of Guildford, and mem-
ber of parliament for that borough, 1719-20. In the first parlia-
ment of King George II he represented the county of Surrey; and
on Jan. 23rd, 1727, was chosen speaker of the house of commons.
On July 25th, 1728, he was advanced to be a privy councillor; and
on May 13th, 1729, to be chancellor and keeper of the great seal to
Queen Caroline. From April 20th, 1734, until May 1743, he held
the office of treasurer of the navy. In 1734, he was again chosen
speaker; and, in 1737, was elected high steward, of Kingston-on-
Thames. In 1741, in 1747, and again in 1754, he was re-chosen
speaker,—a circumstance until that period unparalleled. During
thirty-three years he filled that onerous office with honour and un-
wearied zeal, and parliament voted him their thanks for his integ-
rity and impartiality, his maintenance of its dignity, his indefatigable
pains, and promotion of the best interests of the country. The city
of London presented him with the freedom of the city, and the king
settled an annuity of £3,000 upon him. He gave the communion
service books to the holy table. He died Feb. 17th, 1768, and was
buried at Thames Ditton.
1720.]
427
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

† HOLFORD, Sir WILLIAM, Bart. (1713).
† CHEYNEY, THOMAS, D.D. (1713), fellow of Winchester Col-
lege; canon of Chichester; dean of Lincoln and Winchester.
| BARTON, PHILIP, D.C.L. (1714), fellow of Winchester Col-
lege ; canon of Chichester and Winchester, 1731; and of Christ
Church, Oxford.
† PRIAULX, MATTHEW (1714), master of Bedford school.
§ CIBBER, THEOPHILUS (1716), author of an account of the
lives of the poets of Great Britain and Ireland. He was a brilliant
actor in his time; his end was melancholy, being shipwrecked on
the coast of Scotland, in Oct. 1758. His wife was the well-known
actress, Mrs. Cibber.
S ECTON, JOHN (1716), author of the “Liber Regis”, “Liber
Valorum et Decimarum”, 1718.
| WISE, FRANCIS, B.D. (1716), was educated in New College
school, and proceeded to Trinity College, as a scholar, in 1719; he
was afterwards fellow of that society, and tutor to Francis North
(Lord Guildford), in 1721; vicar of Elsfield and Rotherfield Greys,
1745. In 1726 he was appointed keeper of the archives; and on
May 10th, 1748, keeper of the Radcliffe Library. He was the author
of “A Catalogue of Coins in the Bodleian Library”, 1750, and an
edition of “ Asser Menevensis de rebus gestis Arturi Magni”,
1722.
* THICKNESSE, GEORGE (1717), of Farthinghoe, Northants,
was elected chaplain of St. Paul's School, 1737; sur-master, 1744;
high-master, Aug. 1748. He resigned his office in 1769. Sir Phi-
lip Francis, K.B., was his pupil. He is buried in Warmington
church yard, having died Dec. 18th, 1790. His bust was set up in
the schoolroom of St. Paul's; and his name is yearly recited, as a
benefactor, after that of Dean Colet: his old school-fellow, William
Holbech, a trustee of Rugby Free School, gave him a house wherein
to reside.
+ EYRE, WILLIAM (1718), serjeant-at-law, Nov. 27th, 1740;
he was a great numismatist, and made a valuable collection of coins,
ancient and modern, which he bequeathed to Winchester College.
† COX, JOHN, M.A. (1718), proctor, 1734.
Ş BURLEIGH, John, Lord (1719), seventh Earl of Exeter.
† PITT, CHRISTOPHER, M.A. (1720), a native of Blandford,
born in 1699, was the son of a physician. Upon his election to New
College, in 1719, he presented to the Posers a complete version of
Lucan's “ Pharsalia”, undertaken as a voluntary task, and in igno-
rance of Rowe's translation. In 1722, he became rector of im-
EE

428
[1727.
THE ROLL OF
a
perne, Dorset. About two years after he translated Vida's “Art of
Poetry”, and the “ Æneid”; he likewise published a "Miscellany"
in 1727. He died April 23rd, 1748, aged 48, and is buried at
Blandford.
+ LYDIATT, RICHARD, M.A. (1722), proctor, 1740.
† SPENCE, JOSEPH, M.A. (1722), the friend of Pope, Thomson,
and Lowth, was born at Kingsclere, Hants, April 25th, 1699, son
of the rector of Winnal, Winton; professor of poetry, 1728; rector
of Birchanger, Essex. In 1730, he left England to make a tour of
the continent, with Charles, afterwards Duke of Dorset; on his re-
turn, in 1733, he was re-elected professor. In 1726, he published
an essay on Pope's “Odyssey''; and, in 1736, he republished the
play of “Gorboduc". In 1742, he became rector of Great Horwood,
Bucks, and regius professor of modern history; in 1747, he pub-
lished “Polymetis”; in 1754, he was installed canon of Durham,
and published “An Account of the Life, Character, and Poems of
Mr. Blacklock.” His amusing book, “Anecdotes, Observations,
and Characters of Books and Men”, was posthumously published
in 1820. He died Aug. 20th, 1768, aged 70.
† EYRE, RICHARD, B.D. (1724), canon of Chichester.
† RIDLEY, GLOUCESTER, D.D. (1724). His Christian name
was derived from the circumstance of his birth, at sea, on board of
the Gloucester Indiaman. Young Theophilus Cibber, his school-
fellow, endeavoured to induce him to desert his intention of enter-
ing holy orders, and to try his fortune upon the stage, for which he
manifested great talent. He continued firm, and held no higher
preferment than the living of Weston, Norfolk; Poplar, Middlesex; a
canonry of Sarum; and Romford, Essex, 1768. In 1741-51, he was
Lady Moyer's lecturer, “On the Divinity and Operations of the
Holy Ghost”; and, in 1756, received the offer of being chaplain
to the Duke of Bedford, in Ireland. He was the author of a dis-
sertation on the Syriac version of the New Testament, and a life of
Bishop Ridley, 1763; and some controversial works, in answer to
Philips. He died in Nov. 1774. Bishop Lowth wrote his epitaph.
† REYNELL, HENRY, M.A. (1724), precentor of Connor, May
2nd, 1740.
† CHERNOCK, Sir VILLIERS, Bart., M.A. (1725).
* STONHOUSE, Sir James, Bart. (1727), was born at Tubney,
near Abingdon, on July 20th, 1716. Fatherless at the age of ten,
he was sent to Winton, and removed to St. John's College, Oxford,
where he graduated D.M., 1745. His medical learning was acquired
under Dr. Frank Nicholls, in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields; and during a

1728.]
429
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
course of two years, while student of St. Thomas's Hospital, attend-
ing the lectures of Dr. Hall, Dr. Lether, and Sir Edward Wilmot.
As much time was spent in the schools of Paris, Lyons, Montpelier,
and Marseilles. On his return he settled at Coventry, where he
married the daughter of the borough member, John Neale. Her
demise shortly after their marriage, is well known to the readers of
“Hervey's Meditations”. In 1743, much to the annoyance of Dr.
Akenside, he went to reside at Northampton; there he remained
during twenty years, being remembered to this day as the founder
of the county infirmary. At this period he determined to put in
effect a long-desired object : this was to seek admission into holy
orders. He was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Hereford ; and
a week after, priest, by the Bishop of Bristol. In May 1764 he was
presented to the living of Little Chevel; and in Dec. 1779, to that
of Great Chevel. He died at Bristol Wells, Dec. 8th, 1795. Seve-
ral of his religious tracts are on the list of the Society for promoting
Christian Knowledge.
† FLETCHER, PHILIP, M.A. (1726), treasurer of Dromore,
March 1st, 1745; canon and dean, Dec. 9th, 1746, of Kildare.
* SMALBROOKE, THOMAS (1728), M.A., 1738, of Trin. Coll.,
Oxford; chancellor of Lichfield.
| LYDIATT, FRANCIS, B.C.L. (1728), master of Warwick School.
I SMITH, WILLIAM (1728), of Worcester, D.D., 1758; rector
of Trinity Church, Chester, 1735; and West Kirkby, 1780; dean
of Chester, 1758. He was the translator of “Longinus on the Sub-
lime”, 1739; of “Thucydides”, 1753; and of Xenophon’s “ History
of the Affairs of Greece". He died Jan. 12th, 1787.
* WHITEHEAD, WILLIAM (July 6th, 1728), A.M., 1743, was
baptized on July 6th, 1728. He was the son of a baker in St.
Botolph's parish, Cambridge. At the age of 14 he entered Winton,
and spent his hours “on hills” in reading plays or poetry, or his
favourite “ Atlantis”. In his verse tasks, instead of the usual four-
teen lines, he would fill a whole sheet with English poetry. In the
winter of 1732, by the desire of Dr. Burton, he acted the part of
Marcia, in Addison's tragedy of “ Cato”, with much applause. In
1733 the Earl of Peterborough and his guest, Pope, visited the
school; the earl gave ten guineas as prizes, and Pope set the theme,
“Peterborough”: Whitehead was one of the successful competi-
tors. His school-fellowships were formed with Lord Drumlanrig,
Lord Charles Douglas, and Sir Robert Burdett: his pupil was Mr.
Wallop, afterwards Lord Lymington. The election of September
1735 saw him dismissed, although prefect of hall, without a fel-
E E 2

430
[1731.
THE ROLL OF
lowship, being unhappily a superannuate. He was fatherless, and
instinctively returned to share his widowed mother's poor home. A
sizarship at Clare Hall, on the Pyke Foundation, was gratefully ac-
cepted, and there he cultivated the society of his distinguished co-
temporaries, Powell, Balguy, Ogden, Stebbing, and Hurd. In 1745
he left for London as tutor to Lord Villiers, son of William, third
earl of Jersey, and produced his play of “ The Roman Father”, a
6
volume of poems, and “ Creusa”, in 1754. Out of the profits he
“
nobly discharged his father's debts. In June of that year, having
,
resigned his fellowship, he accompanied Lord Villiers and Lord
Nuneham to the continent; summering at Rheims and wintering
at Leipzic, journeying through Vienna to Italy, returning through
Switzerland, Germany, and Holland, on September 1756, to find
that he had been meanwhile appointed registrar and secretary of
the most honourable the Order of the Bath. In the following year
he succeeded Cibber as poet-laureate. In 1762 appeared his “School
for Lovers”. He was long a resident in the house of Lord Jersey.
Slightly indisposed, as it seemed, by a cold, he was confined to his
chamber, and Lord Harcourt had scarcely left him finishing a birth-
day ode, when he faintly leant his arm upon the table, and life had
fled. He died April 14th, 1788, and is buried in Grosvenor Chapel,
South Audley Street.
† EYRE, PHILIP, B.C.L. (1729), canon of St. David's.
* FILMER, Sir John, Bart. (1729), of East Sutton, Kent.
† SANDYS, EDWIN (1729): canon of Worcester.
* ADDINGTON, ANTHONY, D.Med. (1729), of Trinity College,
Oxford : physician to the king.
† HENLEY, BERTIE, M.A. (1730): canon of Bristol.
† SPEED, ROBERT, M.A. (1730): proctor, 1745.
S WREY, Sir BOURCHIER, Bart. (1730): member of Parliament
for Devon : colonel of North Devon Militia.
S OSSULSTONE, CHARLES, Viscount (1730), third earl of Tan-
kerville.
Ş BURDETT, Sir ROBERT, Bart. (1730), D.C.L. 1749; the grand-
father of Sir Francis Burdett.
S BROOKE, FRANCIS BARON (1730), Earl Brooke, created July
7th, 1746, and earl of Warwick, created Nov. 27th, 1759.
§ DEERHURST, WILLIAM, Viscount (1730), fifth earl of Co-
ventry. He died Sept. 30th, 1760.
| HARRIS, RICHARD (1731): fellow of Winchester College ;
canon of Chichester.
S COVENTRY, Hon. G. W. BULKELEY, M.A. (1731), 1739,

1736.]
431
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
sixth earl of Coventry, of University College, Oxford : lord lieu-
tenant of the county of Worcester; lord of the bedchamber; recorder
of Worcester, 1774.
§ WALLOP, Honourable John BORLASE, Viscount Lymington
(1731).
S DRUMLANRIG, HENRY, Earl of (1731). He died in 1754,
owing to the accidental discharge of a pistol, only a few months
after his marriage with the Lady Elizabeth Hope.
S SANDBY, EDWARD (1732): chancellor of Norwich.
* WARNFORD, John, B.D. (Jan. 19th, 1733): fellow of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford; Camden professor of history, 1761-1773.
* JENKINSON, Sir Banks, Bart. (1733): fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford.
S CLANRICARDE, JOHN S. DE BURGH, Earl of (1733).
† FLETCHER, WILLIAM, D.C.L. (1733), 1756: canon of St.
Patrick's, Dublin, Oct. 12th, 1750; of Christchurch, 1747; treasurer,
1753; precentor, 1760; dean, 1765, of Kildare. He is buried in
St. Mary's Church, Dublin, in the parish of which he had been
rector.
* COLLINS, WILLIAM (Feb. 28th, 1733), the son of a hatter in
Chichester, born Dec. 25th, 1720; although he stood first on the
roll for election to New College in 1740, no vacancy occurred; he
therefore entered as a commoner of Queen's College, and shortly
after put on a demy's gown at Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1741
he came up to London, and lived a life of hardship and sorrow. He
was the author of “Oriental Eclogues”, odes, and several other
beautiful pieces of poetry, not inferior to those of Gray. He died at
Chichester in 1756. A beautiful monument by Flaxman is erected
in that cathedral to his memory. When at Islington Johnson paid
him a visit, and took into his hand the book which Collins held, to
see what companion a man of letters had chosen: “I have but one
book”, said Collins, “but that is the best.” It was the New Testament,
S BROUGHTON, Sir BRYAN, Bart. (1734).
† DOBSON, WILLIAM, B.C.L.(1735). The translator of Milton's
“Paradise Lost”, for which he received 10001. from Mr. Benson,
# NARES, Sir GEORGE, Knt., D.C.L. (1773), was born Dec. 1716:
serjeant-at-law, Feb. 6th, 1759; king's serjeant; member of
par-
liament for Oxford City, 1768; recorder of Oxford, 1768 ; justice
of Common Pleas, Jan. 26th, 1771. He died on July 20th, 1786,
and was buried in St. Mary's, Stanwell.
+ SMYTH, GEORGE, M.A. (1734): proctor, 1751.
† BRIDLE, GEORGE, M.A. (1735): master of Bedford School.
a

432
[1738.
THE ROLL OF
S BURGHLEY, BROWNLOW CECIL, Lord (1735), ninth earl of
Exeter.
Ş MARCH, WILLIAM, Earl (1736), fourth duke of Queensberry.
S DOUGLAS, Lord CHARLES (1736), second son of Charles earl of
Queensberry.
S ELCHO, DAVID, Viscount (1736). He fled to France after
the battle of Culloden, being attainted for his services on behalf of
Prince Charles Edward. He died in 1787.
S WROTTESLEY, Sir RICHARD, Bart. (1736).
† BOWLES, WILLIAM (1736): canon of Salisbury; master of
Bedford School, 1739.
S BAMFYLDE, Sir RICHARD, Bart. (1736), member of Parlia-
ment for Devon ; afterwards commoner of New College.
§ CLYDESDALE, JAMES, Marquis of (1737), Co. Præ., Duke of
Hamilton.
* HAMPTON, JAMES, M.A. (1736); of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford ; the translator of “Polybius", 1756-1772.
S PITT, GEORGE (1737): created Lord Rivers, May 20th, 1776 ;
envoy to Sardinia, 1761; ambassador at Madrid, Feb. 19th, 1770.
He died May 7th, 1803.
S EGLINTOUN, ALEXANDER, earl of (1737), the tenth earl;
he was killed by Mungo Campbell, an exciseman, whom he found
trespassing upon his lands ; in an endeavour to wrest a fowling-piece
from the man he was mortally wounded, dying within a few hours
after, on Oct. 25th, 1760. Campbell, while lying under sentence
of death in the prison of Edinburgh, put an end to his own life.
† SAYE and SELE, RICHARD FIENNES, Baron (1737).
* KELLY, JOHN (1738): D.Med., 1756; student of Christ
Church ; regius professor of medicine at Oxford, 1759-1772.
S CHANDLER, RICHARD, D.D. (1738), born at Elson, Hants.
In May 1755 he was matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford. He
graduated B.A. in 1759, and published the “Elegiaca Græca”. In
1763 he edited that splendid work, the “Marmora Oxoniensia”. In
1764, with Revett the architect and Pars the painter, he was com-
missioned by the Dilettanti Society to travel in Asia Minor and
Attica, and the Peloponnesus: they returned in Nov. 1766. The
results of their labours, “ The Ionian Antiquities”, were published
in 2 vols. folio, in 1769. In 1774 he gave to the world his “In-
scriptiones Antiquæ". In 1779 he was inducted into the living of
East Worldham and West Tisted, Essex. In 1785 he married, and
travelled in Switzerland and Italy; in 1800 he was made rector of
Tylehurst, Berks, and in 1802 published his “History of Ilium”,
>

1747.]
433
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
asserting the veracity of Homer against the imputations of Bryant.
He died in February 1810, aged 72. His posthumous work, a
“Life of Waynflete”, was published in 1811.
† BARTON, PHILIP, B.D. (1739), 1752: canon of Exeter. The
editor of “ Plutarch's Lives of Demosthenes and Cicero".
† PYE, ROBERT, B.C.L. (1739), canon of Rochester.
| BALL, THOMAS, B.A. (1740): canon of Brecon, 1771.
| EYRE, THOMAS, M.A. (1741): proctor, 1757.
† PHELPS, RICHARD, M.A. (1742): travelling tutor to the duke
of Beaufort. His fine voice and musical talent recommended him
to Lord Sandwich, under whom he was employed as secretary of
state; in 1761 he served as secretary to the legation at Turin;
and in 1768, as provost marshal of the Leeward Islands.
S BEAUMONT, Sir GEORGE, Bart. (1743.)
S BRUDENELL, Hon. CHARLES (1743), third earl of Aylesbury.
Succeeded Nov. 2nd, 1743.
S BRUDENELL, Hon. THOMAS (1743), fourth earl of Aylesbury.
He died April 19th, 1814. In 1761 he founded a prize of one gold
medal for verse and prose alternately, and two silver medals for
elocution.
# ST. JOHN, JOHN (1743): eleventh Baron.
S WEBB, DANIEL (1743): the critic. Author of several works
on poetry and painting, and miscellanies on the manners and cus-
toms of the Armenians, Egyptians, and Chinese.
S KEATES, RICHARD (1743): M.A. 1756, of Magdalen Hall,
Oxford; head-master of Tiverton School, 1775-1797. He died
Aug. 14th, 1812.
† PYE, BENJAMIN (1744): archdeacon and canon of Durham.
Ş STRATHNAVER, WILLIAM, Lord (1745): Earl of Suther-
land. He died June 16th, 1766.
S WODHULL, MICHAEL (1745): commoner of Brasennose
College, Oxford. He was a collector of rare and valuable books,
and the author of “ The Nineteen Tragedies and Fragments of
Euripides translated”, 4 vols. 1782; and “Poems”, 1804. He
died at Thenford, Nov. 10th, 1816.
| BEAUMONT, SIR GEORGE, Bart. (1746.)
| POLE, SIR John, Bart. (1746.)
I TREVYLLIAN, SIR GEORGE, Bart. (1746.)
* WHEELER, BENJAMIN, D.D. (1747): fellow of Trinity Col-
lege in Oxford; and of Magdalen College; professor of natural
philosophy, 1767-1782; of poetry, 1766-1776; and regius professor
of divinity, 1776-1783.

434
[1755.
THE ROLL OF
| PAGE, FRANCIS, D.C.L (1747): member of parliament for
Oxford University, March 23rd, 1768; Oct. 11th, 1774; Sept. 11th,
1780; April 1st, 1784.
Ş EYRE, SIR JAMES, K.C.B. (1748): privy-councillor; M.A.
June 15th, 1759; of Merton College, Oxford. He entered upon
the profession of the law as one of the four city counsel, and by the
interest of Sir William Morton was appointed deputy-recorder; in
1772 he succeeded his patron as recorder of London. In that im.
portant office he conducted himself with courage and determination,
when the turbulent citizens, espousing the cause of Wilks the de-
magogue, harassed the government; he demurred, and finally re-
fused to act, when they sent a factious deputation to remonstrate
with the crown. Every insult was heaped upon him; but he had his
reward, for on Nov. 6th, 1772, he was elevated to the ermine and
bench; on Jan. 26th, 1787, he succeeded judge Skynner, as chief-
baron of the Exchequer court. On June 15th, 1792, he took his
seat as privy-councillor, and acted as first commissioner of the
great seal; and on Feb. 11th, 1793, became lord chief-justice of
the court of Common Pleas, and in that office president at the state
trials in London in 1794. He died at Ruscombe, Berks, July 6th,
1799.
† SALE, GEORGE J., M.A. (1750): proctor, 1763.
| MORDAUNT, SIR CHARLES, Bart. (1752): member of par-
liament for co. Warwick during fifty years.
I OGLANDER, SIR WILLIAM, Bart. (1752.)
* DYER, WILLIAM C. (1754): M.A. 1767; the first scholar
and fellow on the Michel foundation of Queen's College, Oxford.
† STURGES, JOHN (1755): canon and chancellor of Winches-
ter; the opponent of Bishop Milner, and author of “ The Letters of
a Prebendary”.
† WHITMORE, EDWARD, M.A. (1754), proctor, 1768.
† BINGHAM, Isaac Moody, B.A. (1755): canon of Chichester.
† CORNWALL, CHARLES WOLFRAN (1755), was born on June
15th, 1735, and was the son of Jacobs Cornwall, Esq., of Bes-
sington, co. Hereford, barrister-at-law. He, after graduating at
Oxford, entered at Gray's Inn, and assumed the barrister's gown,
which he soon laid aside, having married Elizabeth, sister of Mr.
Charles Jenkinson, secretary-at-war, afterwards Earl of Liverpool;
and by that interest obtained a seat in parliament, and in 1763 a
commissionership for examining German accounts. For a short
time he joined Lord Shelburne's party, until in 1774 he was ap-
pointed a lord of the treasury. This office in 1780, then repre-
1761.]
435
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

commons.
senting the borough of Rycon, Sussex, he vacated, being elected,
on the proposal of Lord George Germain, seconded by Mr. Welbore
Ellis, the successor of Sir F. Norton as speaker of the house of
About this time he was appointed chief justice in Eyre
of the royal forests north of Trent, and a privy-councillor, Nov. 8th,
1780. In 1784 he was re-chosen speaker. Wraxall speaks of him
as possessing “ every physical quality requisite to ornament the
place; a sonorous voice, a manly as well as imposing figure, and a
commanding deportment.” At the period of his death he enjoyed
a pension of £1500 a-year, was a bencher of Gray's Inn, and master
of the hospital of St. Cross near Winchester. He died on Jan. 2nd,
1789, and is interred near his wife in the church of St. Cross.
+ RIDLEY, JAMES (1757): B.A. 1760; chaplain in the army at
Belleisle, and vicar of Rumford. He was the author of a witty
paper called “ The Schemer”; and the well known “ Tales of the
Genii”. He died in Feb. 1765.
S RADCLIFFE, HOUNSTONE (1756): commoner of Brasennose
College; D.D. 1784; sub-dean of Wells; archdeacon and canon of
Canterbury.
| HOOKE, JOHN, B.C.L. (1757): master of Bedford and Thame
schools.
† WEBBER, JOHN, M.A. (1761); proctor, 1774.
* DIBDIN, CHARLES (1761), chorister, was born at Southamp-
ton in 1748. On the death of his brother Thomas (master of an
East-Indiaman, and father of the Rev. T. F. Dibdin), he composed
the exquisite ballad “Poor Tom Bowling". It was intended by
his parents that he should enter holy orders; but he ran away from
Winton and studied music under Kent, the organist of the cathe-
dral. At the age of sixteen, he produced an opera, called “The
Shepherd's Artifice", at Covent Garden. He afterwards employed
himself in composing music for “Love in the City”; “Lionel and
Clarissa”; “ The Padlock”; “Jubilee”; “Installation of the Gar-
ter"; and “The Christmas Tale”. In 1768, he appeared as Mungo
in “ The Padlock”, and as Ralph in the “Maid of the Mill”, and
was well received by the public. In 1778, he became manager of
Covent Garden Theatre; and in 1782, of the Circus, now Surrey
Theatre. In 1789, he fitted-up Hutchins' Rooms, King-street,
Covent Garden; and in 1792, an Exhibition-room in the Strand,
where he gave his entertainment, “ The Whim of the Moment”.
In 1796, at the small play-house, the Sans Souci, in Leicester-street,
Leicester-square, which he built, he was the sole performer, sing-
ing some of the inimitable sea-songs (nearly twelve hundred in num-


.
9

>

436
[1762
THE ROLL OF
>
ber), which have immortalized his name, and did so much to quicken
the enthusiasm of the English navy during the war. So sensible
was the government of his services, that it allowed to him a pen-
sion of 2001. a-year; the next administration, under Lord Grenville,
unworthily deprived him of it. Ill success compelled him in 1805
to leave his theatre in Leicester-street, for a music-shop in the
Strand. Once more he was unfortunate; but by the generosity of
some admirers of his genius, a sum was raised sufficient to procure
an annuity for himself, his wife, and daughter. He died in Arling-
ton-street, Camden Town, July 25th, 1814. He was author of
“Damon and Phillida”, 1768; “The Mischance”, 1772; “Ladle”,
“ The Wedding-ring”, and “Deserter", 1773; “ The Waterman",
and “The Cobler”, 1774; “Metamorphoses” and “Seraglio”,
1776; “Quaker”, 1777; “Poor Vulcan”, “Gypsies”, “Rose and
Colin”, “Wives' revenges”, “Annette and Lubin”, 1778; “Chelsea
“
Pensioner”, “Mirror”, 1779; “Shepherdess of the Alps”, “Har-
lequin Freemason", 1780; “Islanders”, “Marriage Act”, 1781;
“Graces”, 1782; “Cestus”, “Harlequin”, “ Phantom of a Day”,
'
“Lancashire Witches”, “Long Odds”, 1783; “Clump and Cud-
den”, and “Liberty Hall”, 1785; “Harvest Home”, 1787; “The
Devil”, 1785; “Bystander”, 1787; “Musical Tour”, 1787; “Han-
nah Hewitt”, 1792; “Younger Brother”, 1793 ; “History of the
Stage”, 1795; “Professional Life”, 1802; “Observations on a
Tour through England and Scotland", 1803; “Henry Hooka”,
”
1806. His two sons were, Charles, manager of Sadler's Wells
Theatre, and Thomas.
* WILLIAMS, PHILIP (1762), M.A., 1767: canon of Win-
chester; fellow of Winchester College; chaplain to the House of
Commons.
† WILLIAMS, DAVID, B.C.L. (1762): master of Bedford school.
S HARRIS, JAMES, Earl of Malmesbury (1762), Co. Præ. D.C.L.
1792, son of James Harris (member of parliament for Christchurch,
Hants; commissioner of the Admiralty and Treasury; secretary to
the queen; and author of “Hermes”, etc.), was born in the Close,
Salisbury, on April 9th, 1746. He was educated under Dr. Warton.
He removed to Merton College, Oxford, and spent some time at
,
the University of Leyden. He began his diplomatic life in 1768,
under Sir Joseph Yorke, at the Hague; and in the same year be-
came secretary of legation at Madrid. In July 1769, he was chargé
d'affaires at that court. Owing to his able services at the time of
the rupture between Spain and England, relative to the Falkland
Isles, he in 1771 was nominated minister plenipotentiary. From
1765.]
437
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

1772 until 1776, he acted as envoy extraordinary in Berlin at the
court of Frederick the Great. In 1777, he married Harriet, daughter
of Sir George Amyard, Bart., and proceeded as minister to St. Pe-
tersburgh. He continued there until 1782. In 1778, he was made
K.B., and sat as member of parliament for Christchurch. On Sept.
3rd, 1784, he took his seat as privy-councillor, and went as ambas-
sador to the Hague, and so successfully conducted affairs, that the
King of Prussia gave him the Prussian eagle as an augmentation
of his arms; and the Prince of Orange permitted him to use the
motto of Nassau, “Je maintiendrai”. On Sept. 19th, 1788, he was
created Baron Malmesbury. He was a strenuous supporter of the
Duke of Portland and Mr. Pitt. Negotiations for a treaty of sub-
sidy with Prussia; the conduct of the Princess Caroline of Bruns-
wick, in 1794, to England, as the affianced bride of the Prince of
Wales; and negotiations for peace at Paris and Lisle, in 1796-97,
were some of the important services upon which he was engaged.
On Dec. 29th, 1800, he was created Earl of Malmesbury and Fitz-
harris, of Heron Court, Hants; and in Aug. 1807, lord-lieutenant
of Hants. He died on Nov. 21st, 1820, aged seventy-five, in Hill-
street, Berkeley-square.
SHIPLEY, WILLIAM (1762), Co. Præ., born Oct. 5th, 1745,
at Midgham, Berks, and in 1760, was entered at Winchester. He
became a student of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1763; graduated
M.A. in 1770; in 1771, he was collated by his father, then Bishop
of St. Asaph, to the vicarage of Wrexham, Denbighshire. In 1774,
he was appointed dean of St. Asaph, and chancellor of the diocese.
In 1777, he married Penelope, daughter of Ellis Yonge, of Bryny-
orken. He was a whig in politics. He died at Boddryddan, on
June 7th, 1826, aged eighty-one. He was the brother-in-law of
Sir William Jones, and father-in-law of Bishop Heber.
† WALL, MARTIN (1763), D.Med., 1777, F.R.S. : clinical pro-
fessor, 1785-1824; author of “Dissertations on Select Subjects in
Chemistry and Medicine”, 1783; “Clinical Observations”, 1786 ;
“Malvern Waters”, 1806. He died June 21st, 1824.
# NOEL, THOMAS, last Viscount Wentworth, Baron Wentworth
of Nettlested : M.A., 1766; D.C.L., 1773; member of parliament
for Leicestershire; married, Feb. 4th, 1788, the dowager Countess
Ligonier; lord of the bed-chamber. He died in Edward-street, Port-
man-square, April 17th, 1815, aged seventy. He was buried at
Kirkby Mallory, co. Leicester.
| COOKE, WASHBOURNE, M.A. (1764): proctor, 1780.
† MILTON, WILLIAM (1765), M.A., 1770: author of a “Trea-

438
[1768.
THE ROLL OF
tise on the danger of travelling on Stage Coaches: a remedy pro-
posed”. His patent wheels were first adopted by the Reading pro-
prietors, and then gradually almost throughout the kingdom. He
died July 12th, 1824.
† STRATFORD, FRANCIS PAUL (1766): Lord Bruce's silver-
medallist, 1770; master in Chancery, March 28th, 1803.
† MILLER, COMBE, M.A. (1766): dean of Chichester.
S RING, JOHN (1766), M.R.C.S. Med. Soc. of London and Paris;
a pupil of Percevall Pott. He published a poem on “The Comme-
moration of Handel”, 1786; “Treatise on the Cow-pox”, 1801-3;
“ Treatise on the Gout”, 1813; and a “ Translation of the works of
Virgil”, 1820, highly esteemed by the Bishop of St. David's, Mr.
Maurice, and the Bishop of Clonfert, his tutor at Winton. He was
the author of the well-known English translation of the “Dulce
Domum”, contributed to the “Gentleman's Magazine”, P. 1, A.D.
1796, p. 209. The music was re-arranged by John Reading, in the
reign of King Charles II.
† DAUBENY, CHARLES (1766), D.C.L., 1822: was archdea-
con, 1804, and canon, 1784, of Sarum; F.W.C.; and vicar of
North Bradley, Wilts. He was one of the chief contributors to the
“ Anti-Jacobin Review”; and was the author of a “Guide to the
Church”, 1799; 1804, “Eight Discourses on the Connexion between
the Old and New Testaments”; “ Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ”,
1803; and several charges and sermons. He died July 10th, 1827,
aged eighty-three. He founded a hospital upon his living.
S ROLLE, JOHN: member of parliament for Devon ; created
baron, June 20th, 1796; colonel of the South Devon militia.
+ CROWE, WILLIAM (1767), B.C.L. 1773, originally a chorister
at Winton: rector of Alton Barnes, 1782; public orator, 1784 ;
author of “Lewesdon Hill”, 1786; third edition, 1804; poems,
1827; and with Mr. Caldecott, editor of “Hamlet” and “ As You
Like It”, 1819; Creweian Orator, 1788-1800. He died in Queen-
square, Bloomsbury, Feb. 9th, 1829, aged eighty-three.
* LIPSCOMBE, WILLIAM, M.A. (1768), scholar of Corpus
Christi College, in Oxford: tutor to the duke of Cleveland; master
of St. John's Hospital, Baynard Castle ; rector of Welbury, 1789;
prizeman, English verse, " Beneficial Effects of Inoculation”, 1772;
author of poems, 1781. He died at Welbury Rectory, May 25th, 1842.
I MITFORD, JOHN, P.C., F.R.S., F.S.A. (1768), born Aug. 18th,
1748; son of J. Mitford and Philadelphia, daughter of W. Reveley;
brother of the historian of Greece: member of parliament for Beeral-
ston, 1788, 1790, 1793; solicitor-general, Feb. 14th, 1793; knighted,
1769.]
439
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
Feb. 15th, 1793; attorney-general, June 4th, 1800; member of
parliament, for East Looe, 1799; Lord of Trade and Plantations,
speaker of the House of Commons, Feb. 11th, 1801 ; lord chancel-
lor of Ireland, and created Baron Redesdale, Feb. 15th, 1802; re-
moved from the bench, 1806, by the Whig Administration. Author
of a treatise “ On the Pleadings of Suits in the Court of Chancery
by English Bill, 1787, 1804. He died at Batsford Park, Jan. 16th,
1830, aged eighty-one.
| COKER, JOHN, D.C.L. (1769): proctor, 1786; commandant
of the University volunteers, 1805.
§ ADDINGTON, HENRY (1769), was born in Bedford-row,
Holborn, May 30th, 1757, eldest son of Dr. Anthony Addington;
he entered at Brasennose College, Oxford, on Jan. 14th, 1774; and
in 1779 obtained the prize for the English essay; he took his M.A.
degree, November 18th, 1780; and was called to the bar May 11th,
1784. In the same year he was returned for Devizes as member of
parliament; in May 1789, he was elected speaker, and retained
the office until he assumed the reins of government in March 1801;
in Jan. 1805 he became president of the council; in the July fol-
lowing he resigned that high place; in Feb. 1806 he was lord privy
seal during the administration of Mr. Fox and Lord Grenville; and
in October following became president of the council again; in
March 1807 he gave way to Earl Camden, and in April 1812 once
more took his seat as lord president. Under Lord Liverpool he
acted as secretary of state for the home department; the two lead-
ing events during his tenure of office were, the suppression of the
meeting at Manchester, the arrest of the leaders, and his defence of
the magistrates who acted at the crisis in 1819; and the frustration
of the traitorous plans of Thistlewood in the following year. In
1822 he tendered his resignation to the king, though he retained his
* seat in the cabinet without office, at the desire of the king and Lord
Liverpool, until 1824. He was created Viscount Sidmouth, Jan. 12th,
1805, but declined an earldom and the garter. He was a privy-
councillor, deputy ranger of Richmond Park, high-steward of West-
minster and Reading, an elder brother of the Trinity House, re-
corder of Devizes, a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, D.C.L., and F.S.A.
He died Feb. 15th, 1844, aged eighty-seven, at White Lodge,
Richmond Park.
§ ADDINGTON, JOHN HILEY (1769): member of parliament
for Harwich; privy-councillor, Feb. 1803; secretary of the Trea-
sury, 1801; paymaster of the forces; under-secretary of state;
commissioner of Irish affairs, Feb. 1806. He died in 1818,



440
[1769.
THE ROLL OF
Ş BOND, NATHANIEL (1769): privy-councillor, and a lord of
the Treasury, Nov. 23rd, 1803.
Ş BLACKBURNE (1769) : warden of Manchester College.
S CAREW, REGINALD POLE, Right Hon. (1769): privy-coun-
cillor, Jan. 14th, 1805; commissioner of trade; under-secretary of
state, home department.
† HOLMES, ROBERT (1769), D.D. 1789, was born in 1749; he
was rector of Stanton, Oxon; canon of Christ Church and Sarum,
and dean of Winchester, 1804. In 1790 he succeeded "poor Tom
Warton" as professor of poetry. He died at his house in St. Giles',
Oxford, on Nov. 12th, 1805. He was university prizeman in 1769,
for Latin verse, “Ars pingendi”; and Bampton lecturer in 1782.
He was the author of “Alfred”, an ode, 1777; “On the Prophecies
and Testimony of John the Baptist, and the parallel Prophecies of
the Redeemer”, 1783; four tracts, on some of the chief doctrines
of the church, 1788; and the installation ode of the Duke of Port-
land, in 1793. His great work was the collation of the manuscripts
of the version of the Septuagint, which he commenced in 1786.
By the year 1789 he had deposited eleven folio volumes of colla-
tions of manuscripts; and, at the end of 1795, seventy-three manu-
script volumes were the monuments of his learning, industry, and
research; in 1798 he published the “Book of Genesis”; in 1801,
“Exodus and Leviticus”; in 1804, “Numbers and Deuteronomy".
He then edited the “Prophecies of Daniel”. Life was too short
wherein to complete such a gigantic undertaking.
* KEATS, SIR RICHARD GOODWIN (1769), Admiral, G.C.B.,
was born at Chalton, Hants, on Jan. 16th, 1757; he left college,
Oct. 25th, 1770, and on Jan. 25th, 1771, entered as a volunteer on
board H.M.S. Bellona, under the command of Captain John Mont-
ague. In 1776 he was transferred to the Romney. On April 7th,
,
1777, he received his commission as lieutenant, and removed into
the Ramilies, commanded successively by Commodore Mackenzie
and Captain Digby: this ship led the larboard division of the fleet
on the day of July 27th, 1778. In 1779 he followed his late cap-
tain, now an admiral, into the flag-ship, the Prince George, 110,
where he became the messmate of his late Majesty. In 1781 he
distinguished himself in the command of an expedition which de-
stroyed a formidable flotilla of the enemy, in North America, and
was deservedly promoted to the rank of commander on Jan. 18th,
1782. He, after this period, served in the Bonetta. On June 4th,
1789, at the earnest recommendations of King George III and the
Duke of Clarence, he attained post-rank, and commanded the South-
6

1769.]
441
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

ampton; and, in 1790, the Niger. In 1793 he went into the Lon-
don, 98; and afterwards, in the Galatea and Boadicea, performed
distinguished services, until, in March 1801, he received his appoint-
ment to the Superb, 74, a ship in which he was engaged in actions
as brilliant as successful: on July 12th, 1801, when Sir James
Saumarez destroyed two Spanish three-deckers, and took a French
74-gun ship, St. Antoine ; and on Feb. 6th, 1804, when the French
squadron were signally defeated by Sir John Duckworth, off the
island of St. Domingo, a striking anecdote is related of Captain
Keats. He lashed a portrait of Lord Nelson to the mizen-stay;
the officers on the quarter-deck took off their hats, the marines sa-
luted, the band changed the tune from “God save the Queen” to
“Nelson and the Nile", a roar of cheers burst forth from the ex-
cited crew, and was continued, while the Superb led the van, until
,
it was lost in the thunders of the cannonade. The Patriotic Fund
presented to him a testimony of their admiration of his gallantry;
the thanks of parliament were offered to him; and Sir John Duck-
worth, in his despatch, wrote in these handsome terms: “I cannot
be silent, without injustice, as to the firm and manly support for
which I was indebted to Captain Keats, and the effect that the sys-
tem of discipline and good order, in which I found the Superb, must
ever produce; and the preeminence of British seamen could never
be more highly conspicuous than in this contest." In 1807 he
hoisted his flag, and was present at the blockade and siege of Copen-
hagen; in 1808 he carried off the Spanish army, under Marquis de
la Romana, from Nyborg; in 1809 he was second in command in
the expedition to the Scheldt; and in 1810 was engaged in reliev-
ing the siege of Cadiz. In July 1811 he sailed, as second in com-
mand on the Mediterranean station, under Sir Edward Pellew; but
was compelled, on October 12th, owing to shattered health, to re-
turn to England. In Feb. 1813 he was appointed governor of New-
foundland. His body was outworn; and, in 1816, he struck his
flag, and retired to the neighbourhood of Bideford, Devon. In 1818
he was promoted to be major-general of the royal marines, a corps
of which he had been colonel during thirteen years. In 1821 he
became governor of Greenwich Hospital. A marble bust, by Behnes,
in the great hall, was erected by the civil and military officers of
the hospital, to commemorate his “improved system of victualling
the pensioners”. He married, June 27th, 1820, Mary, daughter of
Francis Hurt, Esq., of Alderwasley, co. Derby. This great man
died on April 5th, 1834, at the advanced age of 77; and he was
buried in the chapel on April 12th. The king himself attended the



442
[1772.
THE ROLL OF
obsequies of his old messmate, one second to none of England's
naval worthies, and raised a marble monument by Sir Francis Chantry
to his memory; it bears this inscription, “ This marble is erected
by King William IV, to the memory of Sir R. G. Keats, G.C.B. ;
governor of this hospital, who was his majesty's shipmate and
watchmate, on board the Prince George, of 110 guns; in which the
admiral served as lieutenant, and the king as midshipman, from
June 1779 to November 1781. In commemorating this early period
of their respective careers, the king desires also to record his esteem
for the exemplary character of a friend, and his grateful sense of
the valuable services rendered to his country by a highly distin-
guished and gallant officer." His arms were, ermine; three moun-
tain cats, argent: to which was added, in augmentation, in 1808,
on a canton, argent, the Spanish colours, and an anchor surrounded
by a wreath of laurel. He received also the motto, "Mi patria es
mi forte”, in allusion to his relief of the Spanish army.
+ BOYS, THOMAS (1770): proctor, 1791.
+ OAKLEY, SIR HERBERT, Bart. (1770), D.D. 1817.
+ GRATTAN, JOHN, B.C.L. (1771): prizeman at Oxford, Eng-
lish prose, “Sculpture”, 1775.
| HUDDESFORD, GEORGE (1771), M.A., 1780 : author of the
Wycchamical Chaplet”, and “Salmagundi”.
S SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY, Earl of (1772), Co. Præ.
S WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE (1772), Bart., Admiral, M.P.,
G.C.B., was descended from the Cornish family of Borlase on his
mother's side. He removed from Mr. Princep's school at Bicester
to Winton; but fixing his heart on going to sea, he went on board
the Alderney, sloop of war, commanded by Captain O'Hara. He
wisely determined, after his first cruize, to enter himself at Em-
manuel College, Cambridge, where his tutor was the well-known
botanist, Mr. Martyn. Having come of age, and succeeded to his
fortune, he bought the Isle of Lundy; but the news of the American
war having reached him, he exchanged his favourite yacht and
island for the lieutenant's cabin and the quarter-deck of H.M.S.
Nonsuch. He afterwards sailed as commander in the Helena ; and
in 1781 received post-rank, serving successively in the Ariadne,
L'Aigle, and Winchelsea. After the declaration of peace, he mar-
ried a daughter of General Clavering. In 1774, he sat as member
of parliament for Marlow; and in the following year was created a
baronet. In 1780, he was re-elected for Marlow. For his services
while in command of the Flora on the coast of France, he received
in 1794 the grand cross of the Order of the Bath. In 1795, he
1772.]
443
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

sailed as commodore in La Pomone, to disembark emigrants in
Quiberon Bay, and took Fort Penthièvre. In 1796 he represented
Nottingham. He now, in the Canada, 74, joined the Brest fleet,
under Lord Bridport; and being off the coast of France, with a
squadron, on Oct. 10th, 1798, engaged and took La Hoche, com-
manded by M. Bompard, and three French frigates, carrying troops
and stores to effect a landing on the coast of Ireland. The House
of Commons gave him a vote of thanks on the occasion of his vic-
tory. In 1802, he was again returned for Nottingham. At the
time of the peace, he hoisted his flag as rear-admiral, was admitted
privy-councillor, and went to St. Petersburg as ambassador, Sept.
5th, 1802. He died Feb. 27th, 1822, in Sir Richard Keats' apart-
ments, at Greenwich Hospital; and on March 5th, his remains
were removed from his house in Upper Grosvenor-street, to the
family vault at Stratton Ardley, Oxon.
| BRAGGE-BATHURST, Hon. CHARLES (1772), of St. James's
parish, Bath ; Lord Bruce's silver-medallist; D.C.L. 1814; eldest son
of Charles Bragge, Cleve Hall, Gloucestershire, and Anne, daughter
of Benjamin Bathurst, of Lydney, F.R.S., member of parliament for
Cirencester, Gloucester, and Monmouth; nephew of Allen, Earl
Bathurst. Having been called to the bar, he was for some years
leading counsel at the Gloucester quarter sessions. Earl Bathurst,
lord chancellor, nominated him clerk of the Presentations. In 1796,
he sat as member of parliament for Bristol; and Dec. 14th, moved
the amendment in favour of the ministry against Mr. Fox's motion,
carrying the division by a majority of 104. In 1797, he acted as
chairman of the committee appointed to examine into the state of
the Bank of England. In 1799, he served as chairman of the com-
mittee of supply. On Nov. 21st, 1801, Mr. Addington (whose
sister Charlotte Mr. Bragge had married, Aug. 1st, 1788) appointed
him treasurer of the navy, and at the same time he took his seat in
the privy-council. In 1802, he was re-elected for Bristol; but in
June 1803, retired in favour of Mr. Tierney, but again was chosen
for that city in August; having, during the vacancy, been chosen
secretary-at-war, an office which he retained until May 1804. In
April 1805, voted with Mr. Pitt in the amendment touching Lord
Melville's impeachment. On Oct. 24th, 1804, he assumed the name
of Bathurst by royal licence, having succeeded to the estate of
Lydney. Between Oct. 27th, 1806, and 1810, he was master of
the Mint; and from June 22nd, 1812, until Jan. 1823, chancellor
of the Duchy of Lancaster. He was elected for Bristol in 1806,
1807; Bodmin, 1812; Harwich, 1818. In 1826, he received a

FF

444
(1776.
THE ROLL OF
pension of 3501. His widow was granted 10001. a-year after his
decease, on Aug. 20th, 1831, at Lydney Park.
* WILLIAMS, GEORGE (1773), D.Med., 1788, son of a clergy-
man in Hants. He was long remembered for his talent of re-
citing verses out of the “Iliad” at Winton. He gained a scholar's
gown at Corpus Christi College, in Oxford, where he was after-
wards a fellow. He became fellow of the College of Physicians of
London; in 1789, was elected physician of the Radcliffe Infirmary;
in 1796, Sherardian and Regius professor of botany; and in 1811,
keeper of the Radcliffe library. He was also a delegate of the
University press. He died Jan. 7th, 1834, in High-street, Oxford.
§ CHERNOCKE, JOHN (1774), Co. Præ., F.S.A., was born
Nov. 28th, 1756. He gained the silver medal. In 1774, he en-
tered at Merton College, Oxford. His darling wish was to enter
the royal navy, but unhappily he was thwarted. He was the author
of the valuable “Biographia Navalis”, 1794, in 6 vols.; a “His-
tory of Marine Architecture”, 3 vols.; and “Life of Lord Nelson”,
1806. He died May 16th, 1807.
† CUMMING, JAMES (1774), Aulæ Præ. : prizeman at Oxford,
English prose, “Architecture”, 1776; and English verse, “ The
Spring", 1776.
| LOWTH, THOMAS HENRY (1774): prizeman at Oxford, Latin
verse, “Rei Nauticæ Incrementa”, 1773; Lord Bruce's gold me-
dallist, 1770.
* HOPKINS, JOHN, A.M. (1774), of Christ's College, Cam-
bridge; seventh wrangler.
† ALCOCK, CHARLES, B.C.L. (1774): prizeman at Oxford,
English verse, Navigable Canals”, 1774; archdeacon of Chi-
chester. He was the intimate friend of Bishop Huntingford and
Lord Sidmouth.
+ BUSBY, WILLIAM BEAUMONT (1774), D.D., 1807: chaplain
of the House of Commons; dean of Rochester; canon of Windsor
and Canterbury.
S YOUNG, WILLIAM, Admiral (1775). He entered the navy
in 1777, serving on the West India station; and in 1800, in the
Egyptian expedition. He was resident agent of Transports at Dept-
ford, from 1805 to 1830. He died Feb. 11th, 1846, aged eighty-six.
† WHITE, JOHN (1776), B.C.L., 1781: canon of Sarum, 1804.
† LE MESURIER, THOMAS, M.A., (1776): Bampton lecturer,
1807.
* BOWLES, W.LISLE, M.A.(1776), of King's Sutton, Northants,
born Sept. 25th, 1762: scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1781 ;
chancellor's prizeman for Latin verse, on the “Siege of Gibraltar”, ,
1780.]
445
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

1783; vicar of Bremhill, Wilts, 1804; of Cricklade, 1792; rector
of Dumbleton, 1797; canon of Sarum, 1828; chaplain to His Royal
Highness the Prince Regent, 1818. This amiable man was the
author of poems published at intervals between 1798-1833; “Scenes
and Shadows of Days Departed”, 1837; the works of Pope, 1807;
“Life of Bishop Ken”, 1830-1; “Annals of Lacock Abbey”, 1835.
He died April 7th, 1850.
Ş BATH, THOMAS, second Marquis of, K.G. ; lord-lieutenant and
custos rotulorum, co. Somerset; F.S.A., F.L.S. He died March
27th, 1837.
† SMYTH, PHILIP, M.A. (1777), author of poems.
S HAWES, HERBERT, D.D. (1777), canon of Sarum.
* LAVIE, SIR THOMAS, Capt. R.N. (1778), of Putney, Surrey,
received the honour of knighthood, having taken, in the Blanche, 38,
on July 18th, 1806, the French frigate, La Guerrière, 40. He was
present also at the surrender of the Presidente, 40, in Sept. 1806.
COOPER, CROPLEY ASHLEY (1779): born Dec. 27th, 1768,
at 24 Grosvenor-square. He entered at Christ Church; and, after
having made the grand tour, was returned for Dorchester, Jan. 30th,
1790, a borough which he represented for twenty-one years.
He
succeeded to the earldom of Shaftesbury, on May 14th, 1811, and
thereupon resigned his office of clerk of the Ordnance. On Nov.
10th, 1814, he was nominated chairman of committees, an appoint-
ment which he adorned by his strong common sense, knowledge of
statute law, and uncompromising impartiality. The Society of Par-
liamentary Agents evinced their sense of his integrity of character,
by commissioning Horsley in 1845 to paint his portrait. He died
in St. Giles' House, Cranbourne, Dorsetshire, June 2nd, 1851. He
married, Dec. 10th, 1796, Anne, daughter of the Duke of Marl-
borough. In 1851, both Houses of Parliament presented addresses
to the crown, praying for a retiring pension to the noble earl.
* NOTT, GEORGE FREDERICK (1780), D.D., 1807, F.S.A.:
fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford; Bampton lecturer, 1802 ;
preceptor to Her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte; privy-
councillor; of Stoke Canon, Devon, 1807; vicar of Broad Windsor,
Dorset; canon of Winchester, 1810; rector of Haritsham and Wood-
church, 1812; editor of the works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey,
and of Thomas Wyatt, 1815, 2 vols., 4to. To him the cathedral of
Winton owes its last and substantial repairs. He died Oct. 25th,
1841, aged seventy-three.
S STURGES[BOURNE], WILLIAM (1780): Co. Præ.; entered
Christ Church, Oxford; barrister at law, 1793; member of parlia-


FF 2

446
[1781.
THE ROLL OF
ment for Hastings, 1798; for Christchurch, Bandon Bridge, Ash-
burton, and Milborne Port; under-secretary of state under Mr.
Pitt's administration until 1806. He sat at the Treasury board
from 1807 until 1809. In 1814, he became privy-councillor, and
one of the commissioners for the affairs of India; from 1816 to 1821,
one of the three salaried commissioners. In April 1827, he was
made secretary of state for the Home Department; but in July,
succeeded Lord Carlisle, as first commissioner of Woods and Forests.
He retired from office in June 1828, retaining the office of lord
warden of the New Forest. He was a commissioner of poor-law
inquiry. He died Feb. 1st, 1845, aged seventy-six.
S RAPER, HENRY, Admiral of the Blue, Nov. 23rd, 1841. He
entered the royal navy in Feb. 1780. In the Cambridge, 74 guns,
he
was present at the relief of Gibraltar, and was wounded off the
Doggerbank. He acted as signal-lieutenant on board the Queen
Charlotte, in the memorable action of June 1st, 1796. Having been
appointed major of signals on board the Vasco-de-Gama, one of
the Portuguese allied fleet, the court of Lisbon, on his retirement,
presented him with a dress sword, with a handle of gold set with
diamonds. In 1799, on Dec. 17th, he maintained a spirited action
in the l' Aimable, 32 guns, with a French frigate, a corvette, for thirty-
five minutes. This distinguished officer was the author of an able
work in 1828, entitled “A New System of Signals, by which Colours
may be wholly dispensed with”. He died April 5th, 1845.
† ABBOTT, CHARLES (1780), D.D. 1802; F.L.S.; author of
" Flora Bedfordiensis”, 1798; and “ Parochial Divinity”, 1807.
Master of Bedford School.
S STAMFORD & WARRINGTON, GEORGE HARRY (1780),
sixth Earl of: lord-lieutenant of Chester; died 1845.
§ WOLLASTON, CHARLTON B. (1781): Co. Præ.; A.M. of
St. John's College, Cambridge ; recorder of Dorchester; deputy
judge-advocate general.
S TYRRWHIT JONES, SIR THOMAS J. Bart. (1781), of Stan-
ley Hall, Salop: high-sheriff of Salop, 1816; member of parlia-
ment for Bridgenorth, 1818-20; died 1839.
S WILSON, General Sir ROBERT (1781), the son of Benjamin
Wilson, the eminent painter. He served in Flanders in 1794; in
Ireland, 1798; in Holland, 1799; at the Cape of Good Hope,
1806; in command of the Lusitanian legion, which he had raised
in 1808-9 in Spain and Portugal. He nobly distinguished himself
at Burgos, and in Russia, Poland, Germany, France, with the Rus-
sian army, and with that of Austria in Italy. On Dec. 29th, 1835,
1782.]
447
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

he was appointed colonel of the 15th Dragoons; in 1814 he was
created grand cross of the Red Eagle of Prussia, first class of St.
Anne of Russia, and knight commander of the order of Maria The-
resa; and in 1813 knight commander of St. George, for his services
in the campaigns of 1812-3; in 1811, commander of the Tower
and Sword, for his services in the Peninsula; he was also nomi-
nated knight of the Crescent, for his gallantry in Egypt. He had
the honour of rescuing the emperor of Germany from the French
cavalry, and received the gold medal of Villiers-en-couché as a
mark of the sovereign's high estimation of his courage; and also of
being decorated with the gold cross of St. George by the Emperor
Alexander, in the presence of the Imperial Russian Guards. From
1818 to 1831 he represented Southwark. He was the author of
“ An Historical Account of the British Expedition to Egypt”,
1802; “ An Inquiry into the present state of the British Army”,
1804; “An Account of the Campaigns in Poland; “A Sketch of
the Military and Political Power of Russia”. He was governor of
Gibraltar from Oct. 4th, 1843, to Nov. 21st, 1848. He died on
May 8th, 1849, aged seventy-three, and is buried in Westminster
abbey.
† BLAIR, WILLIAM, M.A. (1781): proctor, 1797.
S CARRINGTON, SIR EDWARD (1781): a judge in India.
S VANSITTART, General (1781), of Bisham abbey.
† BLACKSTONE, HENRY (1781): university prizeman for Eng-
lish essay, “ Dramatic Composition", 1785.
† RUSSELL, THOMAS (1782): author of “Sonnets and Miscel-
laneous Poems”, London, 1789, edited by Archbishop Howley.
* BURRARD, Rev. Sir GEORGE, Bart. (1782), of Walhampton,
Hants; chaplain in ordinary to the Queen.
* ROSE, Right Hon. Sir GEORGE HENRY (1782): deputy lieu-
tenant of Hants; LL.D. of St. John's College, Cambridge, Oct.
23rd, 1807; minister at Washington, 1787-8; paymaster of the
forces, July 7th, 1804; envoy extraordinary at Munich, Jan. 31st,
1814; Berlin, Sept. 10th, 1815, to Sept. 14th, 1822; member of
parliament for Christchurch, 1818-1830, 1837-1844; for South-
ampton, 1794-1818; G.C.H.; privy-councillor, 1818; clerk of
parliaments; and editor of the “ Marchmont Papers”.
† CHAMBERLAYNE, WILLIAM (1782): M.A. 1793; member
of parliament for Christchurch, Hants, 1800-1802; for Southamp-
ton, elected 1818, 1820, 1826; when King George and Queen
Charlotte visited Winton, he delivered the oration of welcome to
their majesties.


448
[1788.
THE ROLL OF
| ANDERSON, GEORGE, M.A. (1786), the son of a poor pea-
sant, at Weston, Bucks, was educated in New College School, and
Wadham College, Oxford. He died at the early age of thirty-six,
or he would probably have been one of the most eminent of English
mathematicians. He held the office of accountant-general; and
edited the “ Arenarius" of Archimedes.
§ GOWER, RICHARD HALL, H.E.I.C.S.: the improver of the
log; author of a “ Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Seaman-
ship. Died, aged sixty-five, in 1833.
S SHANNON, HENRY, Earl of: clerk of the Pells in Ireland;
lord-lieutenant of co. Cork. Died 1842.
S OGLANDER, Sir WILLIAM, Bart. : member of parliament for
Bodmin, 1807-1812.
S JERVIS, EDWARD J., Viscount St. Vincent.
S MONTAGU, WILLIAM, Duke of Manchester : colonel of the
Huntingdonshire militia ; governor of Jamaica, 1808; postmaster-
general, Sept. 27th, 1827; lord-lieutenant of co. Huntingdon; col-
lector of customs. He died March 18th, 1843, aged seventy-two.
† WETHERELL, ROBERT, B.C.L. (1784): canon of Hereford.
+ HEATHCOTE, GILBERT, M.A. (1785): archdeacon of Win-
chester; editor of the “Harmonia Wykehamica”.
| BINGHAM, RICHARD, B.C.L. (1785): canon of Chichester,
1807.
S LEMPRIERE, JOHN: a native of Jersey; D.D. 1803; master
of Abingdon School, 1792; master of Exeter School ; author of the
well-known dictionary “Bibliotheca Classica", 1788; “Universal
Biography”, 1808; rector of Meeth, 1811; and Newton Petrock,
Devon. He died Feb. 1st, 1824, in Southampton-street, Strand.
§ LEEDS, Sir GEORGE, Bart. : born 1773; died July 19th, 1838.
S OWEN, Sir WILLIAM, B.A., Bart. : bencher of the Middle
Temple ; born 1775.
S ERSKINE, David M., Baron: envoy extraordinary to the
king of Bavaria, Jan. 1828-1843; minister plenipotentiary to the
United States, July 22nd, 1806,
| EKINS, FREDERICK, D.D. (1786): dean of Sarum.
.
† BROUGHTON, BRIAN, M.A. (1787): proctor, 1803.
S DALBIAC, Sir JAMES CHARLES (Oct. 10th, 1788), of Thread.
needle-street, London, co. Middlesex. He was the eldest son of
Charles Dalbiac, Esq., of Hungerford Park, Berks; born in 1776.
His military career began in the same regiment of which he
became the colonel. In 1793 he entered the army as a cornet, in
the 4th or Queen's Own regiment of Light Dragoons, and served
1788.]
449
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

with it through the campaign of 1809; and on July 27th and 28th
in the battle of Talavera, the hardest fought of modern days.
During the winter of 1810 he was employed in the lines of Lisbon,
and in the spring of 1811 was in command of his regiment at
Campo Major, Los Santos. On April 11th, 1812, he was engaged
in the brilliant cavalry action at Herena; and on July 22nd, in the
great battle of Salamanca. He had married in 1805, Susan Isa-
bella, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Dalton, Sleningford Hall,
Yorkshire; this heroic lady, although of a delicate constitution and
gentle temper, had shared his hard couch and soldier's fare during
two campaigns, and now, nerved by affection for her husband, rode
through the midst of the enemy's fire unappalled, for hers was a
love stronger than the fear of death. The name of “Salamanca "
was added to those of “ Talavera” and “ Albuera”, already borne
on the standards and appointments of this distinguished regiment.
During the years 1822, 1823, and 1824, he was the military com-
mandant of the northern district of Goojerat, in Bombay. On his
return from India in 1825, he became by brevet major-general, and
was appointed in 1828 to the command of the Dublin garrison and
district, which he held until 1830, when he was made inspector-
general of cavalry in Great Britain ; this distinguished appointment
he held until Dec. 31st, 1838. In 1831 he received the order of
knight-commander of Hanover; and sat as president of the court-
martial after the Bristol riots. From 1835 until 1837 he sat as
member of parliament for the borough of Ripon. On Jan. 28th,
1838, he succeeded to the rank of lieutenant-general, at the same
time with his brother-Wykehamists, Sir John Colborne, and Sir
Alexander Woodford. From 1838 until his death he was president
of the acting committee of the consolidated board of general officers.
On Jan. 11th, 1839, he was gazetted to the colonelcy of the 3rd or
Prince of Wales' Dragoon Guards; on Sept. 30th, 1842, he re-
turned to his old regiment as colonel. He was the author of a
military catechism for the use and instruction of young officers and
non-commissioned officers in the cavalry. He was called hence to
the land wherein there is no more war, on Dec. 8th, 1847. He had
outlived by two years the age allotted to the life of man.
He was
taken from his rooms in the Albany to the family vault of Kirkling-
ton, co. York.
† WOOL, JOHN, D.D. (1788): author of the “King's House at
Winchester”, a poem, 4to. 1793; rector of Winslade; Blackford,
Somerset, 1796; author of Memoirs of Dr. Warton, 1806; master
of Midhurst School, 1799-1806; master of Rugby, 1807-1828;

450
[1791.
THE ROLL OF
during his mastership the school was rebuilt, and the number of
boys increased to 380. He died at Worthing, Nov. 23rd, 1833.
† WELLS, GEORGE, B.C.L. (1789): canon of Chichester.
| KERRICK, WALTER JOHN, M.A. (1789): canon of Sarum.
† DUNCAN, JOHN SHUTE, D.C.L. (1789); keeper of the Ash-
molean Museum, 1823-1826.
† PENROSE, THOMAS, D.C.L. (1790): Newdigate prizeman,
1790.
† WALKER, JOHN, B.C.L. (1790): the first editor of the
“ Oxford Calendar”, and the “Oxford Herald”. Author of “Col-
lections from the Gentleman's Magazine”, and “ Oxoniana”, in
4 vols. 1808.
* CARMAC, Major-General Sir BURGESS (1790): created a
knight of the order of King Charles III of Spain for his services in
the Peninsula ; on Aug. 3rd, 1815, he was aide-de-camp to the
Marquis of Wellesley in India; he served in the 25th Dragoons;
18th Foot, and the 1st Life Guards. He died Nov. 17th, 1845.
S INGRAM, JAMES (1790): D.D. 1824; president of Trinity
College in Oxford, 1824; F.S.A. He was born at East Codford,
Wilts, on Dec. 21st, 1774. He, while fellow of Trinity College,
became an assistant-master at Winchester. In 1803 he was elected
professor of Anglo-Saxon; and in 1807 he published his “Inau-
gural Lecture on the Utility of Anglo-Saxon Literature”; and in
1809 edited Quintilian, “De Institutione Oratoriâ”; in the same
year
he was nominated a master of the schools under the new sta-
tute, and in 1815 was elected keeper of the archives. In 1823 he
edited the “ Saxon Chronicle", and in 1837 “ The Memorials of
Oxford”, 3 vols. 8vo. He died Sept. 4th, 1850.
* SEATON, Baron (1791) JOHN COLBORNE, created Dec. 14th,
1839, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., G.C.H., K.M.T., K.S.G.; lieutenant-ge-
neral; colonel of Her Majesty's 26th regiment (Cameronians);
governor-general of North America, 1838; lord high commissioner
in the Ionian Isles, Feb. 24th, 1843-1849. He served at Corunna,
and commanded a brigade at Albuera on May 22nd, 1811, it form-
ing the head of the second division; and maintained the heights
with the 31st regiment. He, then being lieutenant-colonel of Her
Majesty's 52nd regiment, carried the redoubt of San Francisco by
storm on Jan. 7th, 1812, at the head of the light division. Lord
Wellington, in his dispatches, says: “I cannot sufficiently applaud
his conduct on the occasion”. He was severely wounded in the
storming of Ciudad Rodrigo on Jan. 20th. In 1813 he commanded
a brigade of the light division, and was present at the
.
passage of
1793.]
451
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

the Nive, Dec. 13th, 1813; and the Nivelle, Nov. 13th; at Orthes,
Feb. 28th, 1814; and Toulouse, April 12th, 1814. He wears the
gold cross and three clasps, and the Waterloo and Peninsula
niedals for his services. When in command in Canada, by ener-
getic measures, he quelled the formidable rebellion of 1838. At
the battle of Vera, on Oct. 8th, 1813, while accompanied only by
one of his staff, his brigade-major, and half-a-dozen riflemen
hastily collected, Sir John Colborne captured a strong mountain
battery and three hundred men; he crossed suddenly the march of
the retreating garrison, and boldly riding up, desired them, with
signal presence of mind, to lay down their arms. They obeyed.
At the battle of the Nivelle, Nov. 1813, while his intrepid brother-
Wykehamist, Sir Andrew Barnard, was pursuing the enemy with
his riflemen, Sir John Colborne made use of a similar stratagem:
three times the head of his column was swept away, when, ad-
vancing, he waved a white handkerchief, and summoned the com-
mandant of the redoubt, which he was attacking, to surrender;
the Frenchman had lost only one man, but surrendered; two hun-
dred of the gallant 52nd had fallen. He commanded that regiment
at Waterloo.
+ SMITH, SYDNEY (1791), of Woodford, Essex: M.A. 1796 ;
curate of Netheravon, Amesbury, Wilts ; tutor of the son of Mr. H.
Beach, member of parliament for Cirencester during five years;
curate of the Episcopal church in Edinburgh, where he was one of
the chief promoters of the “Edinburgh Review”; and preacher at
the Foundling, Berkeley and Fitzroy chapels. He became a lec-
turer at the Royal Institution on the belles lettres. In 1806 he
became rector of Foston in Yorkshire. Of his “ Letters of Peter
Plymley”, twenty thousand copies were sold. Canon of Bristol; St.
Paul's, 1831 ; rector of Combe Florey, Somerset, 1829. He died in
Green-street, Hyde Park, aged seventy-seven, on Feb. 21st, 1845,
and is buried in Kensall Green cemetery. Mrs. Austin is engaged
in writing a biography of this brilliant and engaging writer.
† GARNIER, WILLIAM (1792): M.A. 1797; canon and chan-
cellor of Winton, 1800.
§ ACLAND, General (1793): aide-de-camp to his father, Sir
William, in Ireland; he joined the Guards, and was dangerously
wounded at the landing in Aboukir Bay.
S MYERS, Sir WILLIAM (1793): killed in command of the
fusileer brigade at Albuera, May 16th, 1811. The Duke of Wel-
lington, at a Waterloo banquet, said that “the service had suffered
no greater loss, since the army had taken the field, than in young
Myers."


452
(1796.
THE ROLL OF
S BARNARD, Sir ANDREW (1793): general, Nov. 11th, 1851;
born 1773; G.C.B. 1840; G.C.H. 1834; entered the army as an
ensign in the 90th foot in 1794; in 1837 he was advanced to the
colonelcy of the 1st battalion of the Rifle Brigade, which he had
commanded during the last four years in the Peninsula war and at
Waterloo. He received his ensign's commission Aug. 26th, 1794 ;
he served in St. Domingo from April to Aug. 1795; in Sir Ralph
Abercrombie's expedition to the West Indies; and at the reduction
of Morne Fortunée; in 1799, in the expedition to the Helder; and
was present at the actions of Aug. 27th, Sept. 10th, Oct. 2nd and
6th. He was decorated with the orders of St. George of Russia,
Maria Theresa of Austria, etc.; and clasps for his eminent services
at Barossa, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Nivelle,
Orthes, and Toulouse; he was commandant of the British division
of Paris in 1815. He was appointed groom of the bedchamber to
George IV in 1821; equerry in 1828; clerk marshal on the acces-
sion of King William IV; and lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hos-
pital in 1849.
* GIBBS, HARRY (1793), M.D., M.R.C.S.; house-surgeon of
St. George's Hospital, 1802; physician to the Princess Galitzkin,
1806; chief-inspector of the Baltic Fleet Hospital; knight of Rus-
sia, Jan. 7th, 1836; commander of the order of St. Anne, Jan. 19th,
1820; councillor of state, Dec. 31st, 1826; commander of the
order of St. Wolodimer, Jan. 21st, 1829.
S MALMESBURY, JAMES E. H., Earl of: governor of the Isle
of Wight.
S TONSON, WILLIAM, Baron Riversdale: colonel of the South
Cork militia. He died April 3rd, 1848.
S LEA, HENRY FLEMING, Viscount Hereford : privy-council-
lor; captain of the hon. corps of Gentlemen-at-arms. He died
May 31st, 1843.
† DUNCAN, PHILIP BURY, M.A. (1792): keeper of the Ash-
molean Museum, 1826. He munificently founded the Duncan
prize for mathematics in 1841; and this is but one of his eminent
services to the Wykehamical body.
† EVERETT, WILLIAM, M.A. (1795): proctor, 1809.
S KNATCHBULL, Right Hon. Sir EDWARD, Bart. (1796):
privy-councillor; represented Kent in parliament during six parlia-
ments; and on Dec. 23rd, 1834, was appointed paymaster-general
of the forces; re-appointed to the same office in 1841. He died
Sept. 21st, 1849.
S BROGRAVE, Sir John, Bart. (1796.)
1797.]
453
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

S BROOKE, RICHARD GREVILLE (1796): Earl of Warwick.
S STRACHAN, Sir John, Bart. (1796.)
S COPE, Sir John, Bart. (1796): of Bramshill, Hants.
S HAWKINS, Sir J. C., Bart.
S CAREY, PETER, General: of Her Majesty's 84th regiment ;
he entered the army in 1795.
† PROWETT, John, M.A. (1792): author of poems.
* BISSHOPP, Sir CHARLES CECIL, Bart. (1793), D.C.L., 1810.
| RICHARDS, WILLIAM PAGE, D.C.L.(1794): master of Tiver-
ton School.
† ATKYNS, HENRY (1795), M.A., 1810; canon of Chichester ;
university prizeman, Latin verse, 1796, “Coloni in Africæ oram
occidentalem missi”; author of poems.
'
| EVERETT, WILLIAM, M.A. (1795): proctor, 1809.
* ROGERS, Sir John LEMAN, Bart., Co. Præ. (1795). He was
a well-known composer of cathedral music and madrigals: died Dec.
10th, 1847.
S WOODFORD, Sir ALEXANDER, Lieutenant-General (1796):
served in the 9th regiment in North Holland, and was severely
wounded on Sept. 19th, 1799 ; in the Coldstream Guards at the
siege of Copenhagen, in 1807; as aide de camp to Lord Forbes on
the staff in Sicily, in 1808, 1809, 1810; he commanded the light
battalion of the brigade of guards at siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, Bada-
joz, Salamanca, Madrid, and at the siege of Burgos; the 1st bat-
talion Coldstream Guards, at Vittoria, San Sebastion, Nivelle, the
Nive, and Bayonne; the 2nd battalion at Waterloo, the occupa-
tion of Paris and France : he has received a gold medal and two
clasps for Salamanca, Vittoria, and Nive, the silver war medal for
Ciudad Rodrigo and the Nivelle, and the order of St. Maria Theresa
and St. George for Waterloo ; he is K.C.B., 1831; G.C.M.G., 1832;
colonel of her majesty's 40th regiment of infantry, 1842: he was
governor of Gibraltar from Feb. 28th, 1835, to Oct. 4th, 1842;
commander of the forces in the Ionian Isles; and aide-de-camp to
King George IV.
† RATHBONE, John EGERTON (1797): university prizeman,
1798, Latin verse, “Vis Magnetica”.
† GOODENOUGH, JOHN JOSEPH, D.D. (1797): master of Bris-
tol School; silver medallist.
† BATHURST, HENRY (1797), B.C.L., 1804: chancellor of
Norwich; archdeacon of Norwich, 1811; author of “Memoirs of
Bishop Bathurst, 1837.
S JOHNSON, Sir HENRY ALLEN, Bart., M.A. (1797), knight

454
[1801.
THE ROLL OF
Grand Cross of the military order of the Netherlands; student of
Christ Church, Oxford; university prizeman, English verse, “Voy-
ages of Discovery in the Interior of Africa”, 1806; tutor to the Here-
ditary Prince of Orange, whom he accompanied as aide-de-camp;
he entered the 81st regiment in Sicily, then forming part of the
army under the command of Lord Wellington. He served in the
campaigns of 1811, 1812, 1813, and wears the war-medal with five
clasps for Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, and the
Pyrenees.
* REPTON, EDWARD (1798), M.A., 1817, of Magdalen College,
Oxford; chaplain of the House of Commons; canon of Westminster.
† CHANDLER, GEORGE (1798), D.C.L.,1824; dean of Chiches-
ter, 1830; Bampton lecturer, 1825.
* BUCKLAND, WILLIAM, D.D. (1798), of Axminster, Devon;
F.R.S., M.R. Instit. de France; M.D. Univ., Bonn; canon of Christ
Church, Oxford; dean of Westminster, 1845; professorof mineralogy,
1813; and geology, 1818. He gave his valuable geological collection to
the university of Oxford in 1823. Author of “Reliquiæ Diluvianæ”,
1823, and the “Bridgewater Treatise on Geology and Mineralogy”,
2 vols., 1837; dean of the order of the Bath.
+ BUTSON, JAMES STRANGE, M.A. (1798): canon of Kilconnell,
May 1st, 1809; archdeacon of Clonfert, Dec. 1812; canon and pro-
vost of Kilmacduagh, and canon of Kildare, July 31st, 1817.
† BATHURST, BENJAMIN (1799): secretary of Legation at the
Court of Stockholm, 1805; envoy extraordinary on a secret mission
to the Court of Vienna, 1809.
† WARD, John GIFFORD, M.A. (1799): dean of Lincoln, 1845.
§ INGLIS, Sir ROBERT HARRY, Bart. (1799), D.C.L., 1826; of
Christ Church, Oxford, F.R.S., F.S.A.; member of the council
of King's College, London; professor of antiquity, R.A., 1850;
member of parliament for Dundalk, 1824-6; Ripon, 1826-8; for
Oxford University, 1828-51.
S GORDON, Lord ALEXANDER (1799).
& CALTHORPE, GEORGE, Baron.
NINETEENTH CENTURY.
† WILLIAMS, PHILIP, D.C.L. (1800): recorder of Winchester;
Vinerian professor, 1824-43.
HASTINGS, Sir THOMAS (1801): captain in the royal navy,
in command of the gunnery ship the Excellent, and captain-super-
intendent of the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, April 13th, 1832,
1806.]
455
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

-Aug. 1845. This gallant officer's services have been ably chronicled
by Mr. O'Byrne. He commanded a gun-boat at the siege of Flush-
ing; and was engaged in several brilliant boat actions in the Medi-
terranean in 1812-3. He was first lieutenant of the Undaunted when
she conveyed Napoleon to Elba.
* SHERER, MOYLE, Major (1801): author of a “Life of the
Duke of Wellington”, “Religio Militis”, “Maria of Meissen”,
“Story of a Life”.
| BANDINEL, BULKELEY (1802), D.D., 1823; Whitehall
preacher, 1810; proctor, 1814; keeper of the Bodleian Library, 1813.
† BRERETON, John, D.C.L. (1803): master of Bedford School.
+ HUNTINGFORD, THOMAS, M.A. (1803): precentor of Here-
ford.
| HARTWELL, Sir HOULTON, Bart. (1803).
S ROSEHILL, Lord, R.N. (1802): lost on board the Blenheim,
in the East Indies.
S GLENTWORTH, Viscount (1802).
† HILL, JUSTLY, M.A. (1802): archdeacon of Bucks; author
of a “Life of Bishop Shirley".
* ARNOLD, THOMAS, (Feb. 4th, 1804), born at Cowes, Isle of
Wight, June 15, 1795: D.D., 1828; scholar of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, 1811; first class, classics, 1814; prizeman, English
essay, 1815; fellow of Oriel College, 1815; prizeman, Latin essay,
1817; head-master of Rugby, 1828 ; regius professor of modern his-
tory, 1848. Author of an edition of “Thucydides”, 1830; “ History
of Rome”; “Lectures on Modern History''; and“Sermons”, 1829.
He died June 12th, 1842. Mr. Stanley's admirable biography of
this eminent man, to whom public schools owe a debt of lasting gra-
titude, renders any notice here unnecessary and inexpedient.
* HAYTER, WILLIAM GOODENOUGH (1804), of Trinity Col-
lege, Oxford : second classman, P.C., Feb. 11th, 1848; Queen's
Counsel; bencher of Lincoln's Inn; judge, advocate-general, Dec.
30th, 1847-May 30th, 1849; secretary of the Treasury, May 22nd,
1849.
S POPHAM, WILLIAM, Rear-Admiral (1804): was present at
the reduction of the Cape of Good Hope, and of Buenos Ayres, and
at the siege of Algiers.
† WETHERELL, JAMES (1805): canon of Hereford.
† PRICE, A. C., M.A. (1805): proctor, 1820.
† CLARKE, LISCOMBE, M.A. (1806): fellow of Winton, 1814;
canon and archdeacon of Sarum.
S M TAGGART, Sir J., Bart. : member of parliament for Wigton.




456
[1806.
THE ROLL OF
BRADSHAW, G. P., K.H., Major-General : he served in
the expedition to Madeira, 1807; to Walcheren, 1809; in the
landing at Ter Vere, and the siege and bombardment of Flushing;
in the Peninsula from June 1811 to the end of the war, being pre-
sent at the assault of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz, for which he
wears the war medal with two clasps; at the Bidassoa and Adour ;
and the blockade of Bayonne.
Ş ROLFE, ROBERT M., Baron Cranworth (1806); Co. Præ.;
LL.D., of Downing College, Cambridge ; wrangler, 1812; privy-
councillor; baron of the Court of Exchequer, Nov. 11th, 1839; vice-
chancellor of England, Nov. 13th, 1850; Baron Cranworth, lord jus-
tice of the Court of Appeal in Chancery, Oet. 8th, 1851.
* LEAR, FRANCIS, D.D. (1806): fellow of Magdalen College ;
dean of Sarum.
S EMPSON, WILLIAM, A.M. (1806), of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge: F.R.S.L. ; professor of laws at Hayleybury College.
S BOSCAWEN, Hon. J. EVELYN, M.A. (1806): fellow of All
Souls' College, Oxford ; canon of Canterbury, 1822.
§ LOPEZ, Sir RALPH, Bart., B.A. (1806), of Brasenose College,
Oxford; member of parliament for Devon, 1847; and for Westbury.
Assumed the name of Lopez by royal sign manual.
* HOSKINS, HENRY, M.A. (1806), of Oriel College, Oxford :
canon of Wells, 1828; and Hereford, 1817.
S BARTHOLOMEW,John, M.A. (1806), of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford: canon of Exeter, 1847; archdeacon of Barnstaple, 1847.
S LOWTHER, GORGES PAULIN, M.A.(1806), of St. Mary Hall :
canon of Sarum, 1841.
* FOWLE, FREWER WILLIAM, M.A. (1806), fellow of Exeter
College, Oxford : canon of Sarum, 1841.
§ LAW, Hon. CHARLES EVAN, A.M. (1806), of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge: K.C., 1829; recorder of London, 1833; member
of parliament for Cambridge University, 1835, 1837, 1814, 1817;
bencher of the Inner Temple ; commissioner of Bankruptcy. He
died Aug. 13th, 1850.
S ROBBINS, THOMAS WILLIAM, Major-General : he entered
the army, Sept. 26th, 1807; he served in Sicily in that year with
the 1st brigade of Guards under Sir John Moore; subsequently with
the 7th Hussars in the Peninsula and France, at Pampeluna, Orthes,
Toulouse; in Flanders, in 1815; he was engaged at Quatre Bras;
commanded a squadron of the rear-guard at Genappe, and was
severely wounded at Waterloo. He wears the war-medal with two
clasps for Orthes and Toulouse.
1810.]
457
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.

Among other distinguished officers occur the names of Captain
Walker, of her majesty's 23rd Fusileers, killed at Pampeluna ;
General Tickell, H.E.I.C.S.; and Captain Brian, adjutant of the
Grenadier Guards, who fell at Talavera.
S METHUEN, Baron Paul (1806): lieutenant-colonel of Wilts
Militia; Baron Methuen, July 13th, 1838; member of parliament
for Wilts, 1812, 1818, 1832, 1835.
§ LEFEVRE, Right Hon. CHARLES SHAW, A.M. (1806): fellow
of Trinity College, Cambridge; lieutenant-colonel of North Hants
Yeomanry; high steward of Winchester; speaker of the House of
Commons in three parliaments, 1839, 1841, 1847; member of par-
liament for Downton, 1830; for Hants, 1831.
Ş ADDINGTON, HENRY UNWIN : envoy to Hesse Cassel, Feb.
18th, 1828; minister plenipotentiary at Madrid, Dec. 7th, 1829-32;
under-secretary for Foreign Affairs, March 4th, 1842; again in 1852.
S WREY, Sir BOURCHIER P., Bart. (1806), D.C.L.
I CARNEGIE, W.HOPETOWN (1806), Lord Northesk, May 28th,
1831.
* LASCELLES, CHARLES F. R. (1806): lieutenant-colonel of
Grenadier Guards; he served in the Peninsula, 1813-14, and at
Quatre Bras, Waterloo, and Peronne; he has a medal and two clasps
for Nivelle and Nive.
Ş HUNTINGFORD, HENRY, B.C.L. (1809): fellow of Winton,
1814; canon of Hereford, 1838; editor of “ Pindari Carmina”, 1814.
| BAKER, JAMES, M.A. (1809) : chancellor of Durham, 1818.
S BAYLY, Sir John, Bart.
† PARKER, W. H., M.A. (1809): canon of Norwich.
S SCOTT, Sir EDWARD D., Bart. : member of parliament for
Lichfield.
Ş ARNOLD, Lieutenant-Colonel ROBERT: he served first in her
majesty's 4th Foot; in 1812 in her majesty's Light Dragoons; in
1815 in her majesty's 10th Hussars; and in 1826 in the 16th Lancers.
He served in the Peninsula between 1811-14, and was wounded
severely at Badajoz and Vittoria, and at Waterloo was shot through
the body while charging a French square at the head of his troop.
At the time of his death he was serving as brigadier with the army
of the Indus. He died at Cabul on Aug. 20th, 1840.
S BARING, Right Hon. Sir FRANCIS T., Bart., D.C.L. (1810),.
of Christ Church, Oxford: double first classman; lord of the trea-
sury, Nov. 24th, 1830—June 1834; secretary to the treasury, June
6th, until Nov. 1834; again, April 21st, 1835, lord of the treasury,
Aug. 28th, 1839; chancellor of the Exchequer, Aug. 26th, 1839–


458
[1812
THE ROLL OF
Sept. 3rd, 1841; first lord of the Admiralty, Jan. 18th, 1849; mem-
ber of parliament for Portsmouth, 1826-51.
S ABBOTT, JOHN HENRY (1810): second Baron Tenterden,
Nov. 4th, 1832.
Ş AWDRY, Hon. Sir John (1810): Co. Præ. ; of Oriel College,
Oxford; chief justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature of Bom-
bay; Hon. D.C.L.
$ TYRRELL, Sir John T., Bart. : member of parliament for
Essex, 1832-1852.
S WILLOCK, Sir HENRY: knight of the Lion and Sun; he was
selected as one of the officers to organize the Persian army; he
formed and commanded a very fine body of cavalry, of eminent ser-
vice against the Russians; he was subsequently employed as chargé
d'affaires at the Court of Persia.
§ LABOUCHERE, Right Hon. HENRY (1810): lord of the Ad-
miralty, June 4th, 1832—Dec. 23rd, 1834; vice-president of the
Board of Trade and master of the Mint, May 9th, 1835–Sept. 21st,
1841; under-secretary for the Colonies, 1839; president of Board
of Trade, Aug. 29th, 1839—Sept. 3rd, 1841; chief-secretary for
Ireland, July 1846—July 1847; president of Board of Trade, July
22nd, 1847; elder brother of the Trinity House; member of parlia-
ment for St. Michael's, 1826; for Taunton, 1830.
† LEE, HARRY, B.D. (1811): canon of Hereford.
Ş SEYMOUR, Rev. Sir J. HOBART, Bart. (1812), M.A. of Exeter
College, Oxford; canon of Lincoln, 1827; and Gloucester, 1829.
† MARTIN, GEORGE, M.A. (1812): canon of Exeter, 1816; chan-
cellor, 1820.
S D'ESTE, Sir AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, Colonel: son of his royal
highness the Duke of Sussex; K.G.H.; equerry to the king ; served
first in the 7th Royal Fusileers; was present at the attack upon
New Orleans, as aide-de-camp to Sir J. Lambert; deputy-ranger of
St. James's and Hyde Parks.
Ş ASTLEY, JACOB, Baron Hastings.
S STRUTT, JOHN JAMES, Baron Rayleigh.
S KENNAWAY, Sir John, Bart.
Ş MEREWETHER, H. A., D.C.L. (1812): serjeant-at-law; town
clerk of London.
S DE LA FELD (1812), M.A., count of the holy Roman empire;
knt. of the order of St. Sepulchre; canon of Middleham, 1842.
S FORD, RICHARD (1812), of Trinity College, Oxford, M.A.;
author of the “Handbook for Spain", 1845; “Gatherings from
Spain", 1847; and various articles in the “Quarterly Review”.
1816.]
459
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
| HARE, AUGUSTUS W., M.A.(1812): author of "Parochial Ser-
mons”, and “Guesses at Truth”.
S DAVIS, Sir John E., Bart., F.R.S. (1813): formerly minister
plenipotentiary in China; governor and commander-in-chief at Hong
Kong; author of “China and the Chinese”, “ China during the War
and the Peace”, “Sketches of China”, etc.
† ERLE, WILLIAM, Hon. Sir (1813): member of parliament for
Oxford, 1537; justice of the Common Pleas, Nov. 7th, 1844; of
Queen's Bench, Oct. 27th, 1846.
S WILLIAMS, Sir EDWARD VAUGHAN, Knt. (1814): justice of
Common Pleas, Oct. 27th, 1846; author of an edition of “ Saunders'
Reports”, 1824; an edition of “ Burn's Justice”, 1836; and a trea-
tise on the Law of Executors”, 1837.
† ALLEN, ROBERT, B.C.L. (1814), canon of Chichester, 1841.
§ SHERIDAN, CHARLES BRINSLEY (1814), gold medallist of
Trinity College, Cambridge; author of “Songs of Greece”, 1829;
articles in the Edinburgh and Westminster reviews.
S WOOD, Rev. Sir John Page, Bart. (1814), Co. Præ., LL.B.
S ROUND, CHARLES, M.A. (1814), Co. Præ., of Balliol College,
Oxford; first classman, classics, 1818.
S WOOD, Sir WILLIAM PAGE, LL.B.(1814), Hon. D.C.L., Oxon;
Co. Præ.; member of parliament for Oxford city, 1847; solicitor-
general, March 28th, 1851; queen's counsel; fellow of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge; wrangler, 1824; vice-chancellor of the duchy of
Lancaster.
§ HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR, D.D. (1814), student of Christ
Church, Oxford ; silver medallist, 1817; canon of Lincoln, 1832;
chaplain in ordinary; author of "A Church Dictionary”, and “Ec-
clesiastical Biography''.
Ş HEATHCOTE, Sir WILLIAM, Bart., D.C.L. (1814), Co. Præ.,
1816; gold medallist, 1817; fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford ;
first classman, classics, 1821; member of parliament for North Hants;
founder of the Heathcote Prize, given between 1832 and 1846.
| ORMEROD, THOMAS H. (1816), chancellor's prizeman, Latin
verse, “ Titus Hierosolymam expugnans”; and Newdigate, “The
Coliseum”, 1818.
S BARLOW, Sir J. OWEN, Bart.
S FLEETWOOD, Sir P. H., Bart., author of "Observations on
Capital Punishment”, etc.
† JACKSON, GILBERT C. (1816), archdeacon of Bombay.
S LOWTHER, A. J. PENNINGTON, Baron Muncaster, born Dec.
14th, 1802.

GG

460
[1819.
THE ROLL OF
Ş SAUNDERS, AUGUSTUS P., D.D. (1816), student of Christ
Church, Oxford ; first classman, classics, 1822 ; head-master of
,
Charter House School, 1832.
S MALET, Sir ALEXANDER, Bart. (1816), B.A., Christ Church,
Oxford ; minister plenipotentiary at the court of Wurtemberg and
Baden, Sept. 17th, 1844.
* MILL, Sir John BARKER, Bart. (1816).
§ ELTON, Sir E. M., Bart. (1816).
† TWISLETON, FREDERICK, D.C.L., Lord Saye and Sele (1817),
treasurer, 1832; and canon, 1840, of Hereford. Lord Saye and
Sele now gives books as prizes at the end of every
half
year.
† GRANT, ROBERT, B.C.L. (1817), fellow of Winton, 1828;
canon of Sarum, 1845.
† ROBINSON, Sir GEORGE, Bart., M.A. (1817), canon of Peter-
borough, 1844.
§ BRIDGES, Sir BROOK W., Bart, M.A. (1818), fellow of Mer-
ton College, Oxford ; deputy-lieutenant for Kent; member of par-
liament for Kent, 1852.
+ YOUNG, RICHARD, M.A. (1818), proctor, 1832.
† URQUHART, HENRY JOHN, M.A. (1819), gold medallist,
1815; prizeman, Newdigate, “Iphigenia of Timanthes”, 1819.
* FEARON, FRANCIS, B.D. (1819), fellow of Emmanuel Col.
lege, Cambridge; canon of Peterborough.
* SEWELL, RICHARD, D.C.L. (1819), fellow of Magdalen Col-
lege, Oxford; university prizeman, English verse, 1825, “Temple
of Vesta at Tivoli”.
S SEWELL, WILLIAM, B.D. (1819), Co. Præ., 1821 ; fellow of
Exeter College, Oxford ; first classman, classics, 1827; prizeman,
English essay, 1821 ; Latin essay, 1829; examiner, 1832; profes-
sor of Moral Philosophy, 1836; author of “Horæ Philologicæ,”
1830 ; “Sacred Thoughts”, 1835; “Popular Evidences of Christi-
anity”, 1843; “Christian Politics”, 1844; “Christian Morals”,
1840; “Conversations with a Brahmin”; “Sermons to Young
Men", etc.
§ CONNELLAN, CORRY (1819), M.A., Co. Præ., 1822; silver
medallist, 1822 ; secretary to Lord Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland.
S KNATCHBULL, Sir Norton J., Bart. (1819).
Ş ELLIOT, JOHN LETTSOM, Hon. Sec. of the Wykehamical
meetings in London.
§ ELLIOT, Sir HENRY MIERS, K.C.B. (1819), secretary to the
government of India, 1828.
1823.]
461
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
.
)
S GASELEE, STEPHEN, M.A.(1819), of Balliol College, Oxford;
sergeant-at-law, June 19th, 1840.
§ CHANDLER, Rev. John, M.A. (1819), author of a “Life of
Wykeham".
§ JEBB, Rev. JOHN (1819), formerly prebendary of Limerick;
author of “ The Choral Service of the United Church of England
and Ireland”, “ Letters on the State of the Church”.
S HEAD, Sir EDMUND, Bart. (1819), fellow of Merton College,
Oxford ; first classman, classics, 1827; an examiner in 1834; poor
law commissioner, Nov. 25th, 1841, to Dec. 17th, 1847; lieutenant-
governor of New Brunswick in Oct. 1841. He is the author of the
“Handbook of Spanish Painting”.
| MITFORD, Hon. John T. F., M.A. (1820), Lord Redesdale;
appointed chairman of committees of the House of Lords, on the
death of the Earl of Shaftesbury, 1851.
+ DEANE, HENRY, B.C.L. (1821), canon of Sarum.
† WICKHAM, EDWARD, M.A. (1821), chancellor's prizeman,
Latin Essay, 1823.
† PILKINGTON, CHARLES, B.C.L. (1822), canon of Chiches-
ter, 1850.
† MEACH, WILLIAM J. (1823), proctor, 1837.
§ POLE, Sir John DE LA, Bart. (1823.)
WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER, D.D. (1823), Co. Præ. ;
fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; gold medallist, 1824; first
classman, classical Tripos, 1830; chancellor's medallist, 1830;
prizeman, Latin ode, 1827-8; Porson's prizeman, 1828 ; examiner,
1834-5; public orator, 1836; head-master of Harrow School; ca-
non of Westminster, 1844; author of "Athens and Attica”, “ Theo-
philus Anglicanus”, “The Canon of Scripture”, “Lectures on the
Apocalypse”,“Memoirs of Wordsworth”, sermons, and several con-
troversial works.
§ WORDSWORTH, John, A.M. (1823), Co. Præ.; fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge, 1830; Bell's scholar in 1825; Porson's
prizeman, 1826.
S MERRIMAN, Ven. N. J., M.A. (1823), archdeacon and canon
of Cape Town.
S MACLEANE, ARTHUR J., A.M. (1823), of Trinity College,
Cambridge; principal of Brighton College.
§ ENCOMBE, Lord (1823), member of parliament for Truro, 1830,
second Earl of Eldon.
Ś WILMOT, Sir John EARDLEY, Bart. (1823), gold medallist,
1828 ; chancellor's prizeman, for Latin verse, 1829.

G G2

462
(1828.
THE ROLL OF
Ş BATHURST, Sir FREDERICK H. H., Bart. (1824), captain,
Grenadier Guards; deputy-lieutenant for Wilts.
+ TREMENHERE, Hugh S., M.A. (1826), author of “Notes
on Public Subjects”, and the “Political Experience of the Ancients”;
government inspector of schools.
§ CARDWELL, EDWARD, M.A. (1826), M.P., was secretary
the Treasury, Feb. 4th, 1845, to July 7th, 1846; member of parli-
ament for Clitheroe, 1842; and for Liverpool, 1847; fellow of Ba-
liol College, Oxford; double first classman, 1835. In conjunction
with Lord Mahon, left editor of his papers by the late Sir Robert
Peel, Bart.
† GRANT, ANTHONY, D.C.L. (1827), archdeacon of St. Alban's;
chancellor's prizeman, Latin essay, 1830; Ellerton prizeman, 1832;
Bampton lecturer, 1843.
† STACPOOLE, ANDREW, D., M.A. (1827), silver medallist; ;
proctor, 1843.
§ BEAMES, THOMAS, M.A. (1827), of Lincoln College, Oxford;
preacher of St. James's, Westminster; chaplain to Montagu Gore,
M.P., high-sheriff of Somerset, also a Wykehamist; author of the
“Rookeries of London”, second edition, 1852.
† MACINTOSH, ROBERT J., M.A. (1827), author of a "Life of
Sir James Macintosh”; lieutenant-governor of St. Kitts.
S PALMER, ROUNDELL (1828), Co. Præ.; gold medallist, 1829;
M.A., 1836; formerly scholar of Trinity College, Oxford; fellow of
Magdalen College, Oxford ; first classman, classics; prizeman, Latin
verse, 1831 ; Latin essay, 1835; English verse, 1832; Ireland scho-
lar, 1832; Eldon law-scholar, 1834 ; queen’s counsel, 1849; mem-
ber of parliament for Plymouth, 1847.
§ WARD, GEORGE, R.M. (1828), Co. Præ., of Trinity College,
Oxford; gold medallist, 1829; editor of “Magdalen College Sta-
tutes", 1840; “ All Souls' College Statutes”, 1841; “Statutes of
Corpus Christi College”, 1843; deputy high-steward of Oxford. He
died May 23rd, 1846, aged forty-six.
§ GASELEE, BINSTEED (1828), Co. Præ., of Balliol College,
Oxford ; double first classman, 1833.
S LOWE, ROBERT (1828), Co. Præ., M.A., of University Col-
lege, Oxford ; first class, classics, 1833.
§ LE BRETON, W. CORBET, Ven., M.A. (1828), fellow of
Exeter College; dean of Jersey.
S ARGLES, MARSHAM, M.A.(1828), of Merton College, Oxford ;
canon and chancellor of Peterborough.
S KENSINGTON, ARTHUR, M.A. (1828), fellow of Trinity Col-
1835.]
463
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
lege, Oxford ; first class, classics, 1836; University prizeman, Latin
verse, 1834; Eldon scholar, 1837.
§ PAULET, Sir HENRY C., Bart. (1828), captain 2nd Dragoon
Guards.
§ ABDY, Sir THOMAS NEVILLE, Bart. (1828), member of par-
liament for Lyme Regis, 1847.
* GRAHAM, JOHN (1828), of Wadham College, Oxford; prize-
man, English verse, 1833, “Granada”.
§ GORE, Sir St. GEORGE, Bart. (1828).
† HUGHES, JAMES R., M.A. (1829), canon of Chichester, 1847.
Ş BOYLE, Hon. R. T. CAVENDISH, M.A. (1829), chaplain in
ordinary
# BROME, Viscount (1830).
§ LITTON, EDWARD A., M.A. (1830), first classman, classics,
1835; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford; vice-principal of St. Edmund
Hall; author of the “ Church of Christ in its Idea, Attributes, and
Ministry”, 1851.
§ SILCHESTER, Lord, Earl of Longford (1831), captain, 2nd
Life Guards.
S PENROSE, F. C., A.M., (1833), of Magdalen College, Cam-
bridge; author of an “Inquiry into the Principles of Athenian Ar-
chitecture”, 1851.
S DARELL, Sir HARRY, F.C., Bart. (1834), lieutenant-colonel,
7th Dragoon Guards.
§ DE CRESPIGNY, Sir CLAUDE W. C., Bart., (1834).
S BAGOT, ALEXANDER (1834), captain, 15th Regt. N.I.; aide-
de-camp to Lord Gough, and to Marquis Dalhousie; he wears a
cross for Gwalior; a medal and clasps for the battles of Maharaj-
pore, Moodkee, Sobraon, Chillianwallah, Goojerat, and Ram-
naggur.
§ TROWER, CHARLES F., M.A. (1834), Co. Præ., chancellor's
prizeman, 1838; first classman, classics ; Vinerian scholar, 1840;
fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
WELLS, EDWARD, D. Med. (1834), Radclyffe's Travelling
Fellow.
§ LE BAS, C. S. (1834), a judge in India.
S ARNOLD, MATTHEW, M.A. (1835), fellow of Oriel College,
Oxford ; prizeman, English verse, “Cromwell”, 1843.
Ş ARNOLD, THOMAS, M.A., fellow of University College, Ox-
ford; first classman, classics, 1845.
† MAY, H. T., M.A. (1835), proctor, 1849.
§ FANSHAWE, FREDERICK, M.A. (1835), Co. Præ., 1838 ;


464
[1844.
DISTINGUISHED WYKEHAMISTS.
Heathcote prizeman, 1838; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford; first
classman, classics, 1842; chancellor's prizeman, Latin verse, 1841.
† CRIPPS, HENRY W., M.A. (1836), author of a “Treatise on
Ecclesiastical Law”.
§ DICKINS, WILLIAM, M.A. (1837), Co. Præ., 1839 : fellow
of Merton College, Oxford ; first classman, classics, 1846.
§ OGLE, RICHARD J., M.A.(1838), first classman, classics, 1848;
fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford; commoner tutor. This promis-
ing scholar lies buried in cloisters.
Ş BELLERS, ROBERT B. (1839), captain H.M. 50th foot, has a
medal for Punniar, 1843; and medal and three clasps for Moodkee,
Ferozeshah, Aliwal, and Sobraon, 1845-6.
S THRUPP, FRANCIS J., A.B. (1839), Duncan prizeman, 1842;
Heathcote, 1844; first classman, classical Tripos, and wrangler,
1849.
* BLACKSTONE, CHARLES, B.A. (1840), scholar of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford; Newdigate prizeman, “ Columbus in
chains”, 1848.
§ SCLATER, PHILIP L. M.A. (1841), scholar of Corpus Christi
College, Oxford ; first classman, mathematics, 1849.
* RIDDING, GEORGE, B.A. (1842), fellow of Exeter College,
Oxford ; Maltby prizeman, 1846; Heathcote prizeman, 1845 ; first
classman, classics, 1851; Craven scholar, 1851.
† WHITE, HENRY M., M.A. (1842), Heathcote prizeman, 1836;
first classman, classics, 1842; Johnson scholar, 1843; Hebrew scho-
lar, 1846; canon of Cape Town, 1852.
* FURNEAUX, Henry, B.A. (1841), scholar of Corpus Christi
College, Oxford; Goddard scholar, 1846; first classman, classics,
1851.
& BEAUMONT, Sir GEORGE H., Bart.
* RAYNES, WILLIAM, A.B. (1844), of Clare Hall, Cambridge ;
Maltby prizeman, 1848 ; Latin ode, at Cambridge, 1850 ; first class-
man, classical Tripos, 1852.
* GARDINER, SAMUEL, B.A., of Christ Church, Oxford ;
Duncan prizeman, 1841 ; first classman, classics, 1851.
>
CONCLUSION.
465
THESE pages will recall to Wykehamical readers
the sense of pain and loneliness, almost of desertion,
which attended their first parting from home for any
lengthened period, and entrance upon the little world
of a public school; the necessity of making friend-
ships, conciliating kindness, and of exertion to eman-
cipate themselves from the roughs of subordinate
place: they will recall the joyous peals of “ party
rolls” and “packing-up”, and the longings for the
final“ leaving” of school for the serious entrance
upon life; and also the pang of regret with which,
on the last night of the half, they actually took
leave of friend and rival, and even of the comparative
stranger-junior, according to custom. Passing years
throw a solemn and affectionate interest over the
place where we first made the friendship that pro-
mised to last out our time, and cannot be revived on
this side the grave; the place where, from careful
and anxious masters, we learned those lessons which
nerve us for the battle in the great world, wherein,
upon a larger stage, and in more intense degree, are
reproduced the pains and pleasures of boyhood; the
place where the character of the man was formed.
To the old Commoner many objects of interest are
lost,—the elms, and long seat, the ball-court, and
cloisters, the conduit, galleries, and“ toys”—wainscot-
ted hall, with their remembrances of the “peals” at
the end of the half-years; the illuminations and shout-



466
CONCLUSION.
ings when the medals, or “Heathcote”, were in Com-
moners; and the merry cry of “ Collier's up!" when
the London coaches, with cheery bugle, and four fast
bays in new shining harness, rattled up to the door of
“Wickham’s”; while phaetons and gigs lined College-
street and Kingsgate-street, to convey their happy
freights on the roads to Whitchurch or Southampton.
Still the cordial friendships, the “sweet, familiar com-
panions”, survive, made within those walls ; still, for
scholar and commoner alike, the sight of college tower
warms the heart, and all the characteristics of the old
scenes live in his recollection with a vividness which
time cannot dim or obliterate, for they retain the
charm and freshness of the morning-time of our
years ; like the recognition of freemasonry, they cling
to the memory in the most distant land, and amid
all the shifting events of life; so that the name of
Wykehamist, to all who have been at Winchester,
is the sure passport to enlist kindly feeling, despite
every difference of age, or position, or opinions,
for it ever seems to involve an indelibly dear and
holy tie.
We part with regret from a subject so interesting
to a Wykehamist, the history of the most ancient of
the royal schools of England, the parent of Eton, and
the model of Westminster, the two sister-colleges, and
other later foundations.
We have observed in the case of Winchester only
the results of the wise system that aims at the inculca-
tion of generous emulation and enlarged sentiments ;
a system the distinctive feature of England, the most
liberal education in Europe, wherein religious in-
CONCLUSION.
467
struction, and not intellectual training, forms a para-
mount feature. “ Præsentes regulas, ordinationes, et
constitutiones, et statuta sic per nos edita”, says Wyke-
ham, (and Henry VI repeats his words) “ ad Dei
laudem et gloriam, Divinique cultus ac scientiarum
augmentum, studiique scholastici profectum, necnon
ad præfati Collegii commodum et decorem valere, et
perpetuis durare temporibus, ac robur incommutabilis
firmitatis volumus obtinere.” Well might his affec-
tionate son say with a just pride: “Omnis certi pa-
rentis nostri conatus ad nihil aliud collimat, quàm ut
in alumnorum suorum pectoribus omni doctrinæ et
pietati, imò Christo Ipsi, domicilium construat.”—N.
Harpsfield, Hist. Angl. Eccles. p. 554, Duac. 1622.
“ Neither do I doubt”, says old Stow, of Wykeham,
“ but that he, that thus lived, is now with God,
Whom I beseech to raise up many like bishops in
England.”
In the public schools the seeds are sown of a ripe
harvest, when the age of reflection shall arrive; the
memory is stored with sterling principles and precepts
to guide their children in after-life. It is only in
maturer years that the full benefits are appreciated.
Here the boy is taught a modest reserve, and yet just
self-reliance, in the collision with the members of a
great assemblage of boys, spirited, intelligent, and
possessed with a common feeling of attachment to the
place wherein they are nurtured, pervading all who
come within its sphere, yet drawing closer the ties
of love of home, increased by an absence not so
protracted as to induce alienation or forgetfulness.
To the novelty and expectation of the boy newly




468
CONCLUSION.
come, succeeds the experience which makes him re-
turn the second time with a heavy heart; the neces-
sary restraints, the trials and inconveniences of the
junior, and the calls for continued application made
upon the elder, make all long for the day when their
school days shall terminate. Yet in the retrospect of
a good, diligent, and honourable boy, all his early
troubles are forgotten and lost in the sense of grati-
tude for the advantages which he enjoyed, never so
well known as when he was on the eve of removal
from them. The attachment of the good to their
nursing mother, as well as the success of those who
have risen to distinction, is at once the ornament and
the testimony to the excellence of the system pursued
therein. Unlike ordinary schools, independent of the
rare popularity of a master, or the precarious success
of a few scholars, they are secure in their ancient
character and sustained reputation. Every such
school can point in its rolls to a long line of the re-
presentatives of each successive generation, a tradition
of well-known names, a family enlarging itself with
years, clinging to the place of ancestral education,
about which endearing memories have grown up:
each member feels himself one of a venerable lineage,
a far-reaching ancestry, which no modern school, how-
ever richly endowed, or governed by eminent masters,
can offer as a stimulus to its children. For it must be
ever remembered that these foundations are perma-
nent and stable; and time, which sets an end to pri-
vate seminaries, one by one, however eminent or suc-
cessful for a period, accumulates fresh interest and
additional causes for affection and esteem, as years go
CONCLUSION.
469
by, about public establishments designed to have an
existence as lasting as that of the country, for whose
advantage they were endowed by their patriotic
founders.
A higher cause than that of literary advancement
is served in these foundations,—benefit to the people,
civil and moral. Unmanly bashfulness is laid aside;
the inertness of the sluggard is quickened into action;
thoughtless presumption and prejudices are worn off
by collision with the many, the mind is expanded,
the judgment cultivated, the character matured, under
the guidance of a system designed to lead to all that
is great and good, both in public and in private life.
Here is the place for training the inexperienced to
deal with the different characters and tempers with
which the man will be sure to meet; of preparation
for the rivalry and competition which exist in pro-
fession, station, and conflict of opinions; and of ex-
perience beforehand of the weaknesses to which he
must be indulgent. The early subordination to con-
stituted authority, the investiture with responsible
powers of government, the mingling with others in
a position where a high code of honour is observed,
and manliness, talent, industry, and character, are the
only recommendations for place and esteem ; the en-
durance of petty hardships, the conflict with difficulties
proportioned to a youthful age—inure to strength of
mind, and discipline the growing boy for the future
work, grave duties, severe trials, the stern realities, and
constant struggle, that inevitably await him when he
enters upon elder manhood and the world,--wherein
the eyes of his fellows, jealous of the reputation of




470
CONCLUSION.
their school, will sympathize with him if deserving,
and disown him if unworthy of regard.
The whole tendency of the system, so congenial to
the English mind, is to repress little-mindedness, ec-
centricity, self-sufficiency, sullenness, and conceit; to
stimulate a fair spirit of rivalry in the attainment of
the rewards offered without restriction to industry,
and privileges felt upon reaching the highest class; in
which energy and perseverance are kept on the alert by
the eager competition of those beneath closely pressing
upon those above. For this reason, public schools
will ever maintain their popularity, in a country where
the chief places in Church and State are not heredit-
ary, but lie open to the best man, be he poor or rich,
well or meanly born.
Of course, the public schools do not monopolize all
the worth and wisdom of the students of England, edu-
cated after a different and more private manner; but
certainly the number of men of eminence produced by
the four great schools, constitutes a markedly large
proportion of the whole number of illustrious charac-
ters. Yet, it must ever be borne in mind that the true
value and chief advantage of public schools is not to be
restricted to this superiority in producing distinguished
persons in the highest ranks of Church and State; we
must regard them as they promote the formation of
the characters of those less eminent in public life, who
guide, improve, and adorn the numberless humbler
spheres of usefulness, domestic and social, by culti-
vated tastes, liberality of sentiment, manly bearing,
general intelligence, and ease when mingling in the
highest circles of society; having learned here, more-
CONCLUSION.
471
over, an abiding love to the established institutions
of the nation, the constitution of the country, and
the religion of our fathers.
It will be found that Winchester, which has never
numbered more than two hundred boys at one time,
and that only at rare intervals, in the present century,
has produced its fair proportion of worthies, when
we compare it with the lists of eminent men produced
by other foundation schools, or the progress of educa-
tion among the people. It has always had numbers
so limited, as to admit of each individual being under
the head master's superintendence, and receiving a
personal influence from his character: the grave in-
conveniences inevitably attendant on the fluctuations
of the unlimited expansion of a school, having thus
been avoided.
Long may we remember our peculiar hymns and
anthems, the well-known Domum, and the sweet-
toned Grace; long observe the cheerful gaudy day
and annual meetings; long may they be preserved to
our ancient foundation, which has won by its merit
the additional name of a royal seminary. May it for
ever flourish, indelibly impressing and elevating the
youthful mind by the extent and grandeur of its asso-
ciations, its magnificent courts, its solemn cloisters,
its spacious school-room, its stately hall, its holy
chapel, its inspiring traditions and lasting influences;
and sobering the thoughtless, who feel adopted
into the chain of an old illustrious race, amidst the
relics of a great past. Long may we be able to point
to the fields in which our boyish sports were held, the
seat in which we sat at chapel, the school where we



472
CONCLUSION.
learned the beauties of ancient learning, the scenes
where the friends and companions of our younger
days were with us, and heard the lessons of those who
made our hearts throb with their earliest noble and
generous emotions; where are carved the names of
great fathers, links in a long ancestral pedigree, and
where our children shall be taught; where the germs
of some of our first affections, beyond our lessons,
were planted—the centre from which our sympathies
have extended into circles ever widening with time.
Long may Winchester enjoy the privilege of being
governed by masters, rendered independent by an
ample foundation, devoting all their thoughts to the
unselfish work of education. Wykehamists themselves,
possessed with a deep interest for the character of
their own nursing-mother, and therefore displaying a
peculiar regard and tenderness towards those com-
mitted to their charge, such as no stranger could ever
feel—a carefulness to maintain a high standard of
public opinion in the school, of which the surest
means is an honourable body of proficient fellow
workers. May it preserve its old appropriate sources
of learning, and a higher and holier aim than that
of mere cultivation of the intellect—the formation of
the religious character as well, a discipline calculated
to foster that sobriety and self-command in temper
and manner, which distinguish the English gentle-
man, while his studies keep pace with the progress of
society, and adapt themselves to the peculiar wants
of successive ages. May the words of the founder
never be forgotten by any who bear the name of
Wykehamist.
CONCLUSION.
473
“ His igitur super Dei gratiam salubriter ordi-
natis dicti nostri collegii custodi, et sociis, ac omnibus
aliis commorantibus in eodem juxta informationem
Christi, tanquam Ejus discipulis Divinum obsequium
commendamus, pacisque et unitatis fædus, et perfectæ
vinculum charitatis. Amen.”

mmmm NETVITERUM
W IN
lin
wim
MEER
RAICLE
WGMASON


APPENDI X.
I.
(Referred to page 268.)
Domum.

JOHANNES READING.
Moderato.
CANTUS. 1-2
a
ALTUS.
Con - ci-na-mus,
-
so - da - les ! E - ja! quid si -
TENOR.
Bassus.
Dra
le -
- mus? No
bi - le can - ti-cum dul - ce me-los, Do - mum,
CHORUS
itt
Dul
ce Do - mum, re
so - ne-mus. Do mum, Do-mum,dul - ce Do-mum,
-
HII

ii
APPENDIX.
PP
1
Do - mum, Do- mum, Dul
ce Do-mum, Dul - ce, Dul
ce
23
Dul - ce Do - mum,
Dul - ce Do - mum
re
So - ne
-
mus.
II.
(Referred to page 203.)
Hymnus Matutinus.
This tune is called Ilsley, and was written for the 100th Psalm, in Bishop's
Collection published in 1702; the melody assigned to the Tenor voice.
JOHANNES BISHOP.
Cantus.
ALTUS.
英
​OD
TOO
-9
9
bg
Jam
lu
cis
or
to
si de
re,
CO
TENOR.
Bassus.
00
APPENDIX.
רון

To
OD Å 00
De
um
pre
ce
mur
sup
pli
ces,
D#
8
3

ub
91-97
Ut
in
di-
ur
nis
ac
ti -- bus
d
로
​d.
100
Nos
ser - vet
a
no
cen
ti
- bus.
d
d
5
M
न
2.
Linguam refronans temperet,
Ne litis horror insonet;
Visum fovendo contegat,
Ne vanitates hauriat.
3.
Sint pura cordis intima,
Absistat et vecordia,
Carnis terat superbiam,
Potus cibique parcitas.
4.
Ut cùm dies abscesserit
Noctemque sors seduxerit,
Mundi
per abstinentiam,
Ipsi canamus gloriam.
5.
DEO PATRI sit gloria,
Ejusque soii FILIO,
Cum SPIRITU Paracleto,
Et nunc, et in perpetuum.

iv
APPENDIX.
III.
(Referred to page 200.)
College Grace ante
Grace ante Cibum.
JOHANNES READING 1686–1692.
ORATIO.
-C
Benedic nobis, Domine Deus ! atque iis donis
Tuis quæ de Tuâ largitate sumus sumpturi, Do
per Jesum Christum
MI
NUM
NOS
TRUM.
VERS.
te
OD
glc
to jest
A
men.
Benedictus sit Deus in
do . nis
-
SU
IS.
le
o
RESP.
CANTUS.
Altus.
4
Et sanc - tus
in
om - ni- bus
0 - pe
ri-bus
Tenor. 23
Bassus.
APPENDIX.
V

VERS.
E
jus. Adjutorium nostrum est in nomine Do
mi
ni.

RESP.
f
Org
Qui
fe
cit
се
lum et
ter - ram, Qui
atl
fe
cit
се
- lum
et
ter
ram.
VERS.
ta
Sit nomen Domi
ni
be
ne
dic
tum.
DE

vi
APPENDIX.
RESP.
fi
终
​Ex
hoc
nunc
us
que
in
se
cu - la,
$
d.
f
id
us
que
in
se - cu - la
se - cu
lor
um.
A - men.
d.
ORATIO.
Agimus Tibi gratias, omnipotens Deus,
pro fundatore nostro, Gulielmo de Wyke-
ham, reliquisque quorum beneficiis, hìc ad
pietatem et ad studia literarum alimur; ro-
gantes ut nos, his donis Tuis ad Nominis
Tui honorem rectè utentes, ad resurrectionis
Tuæ gloriam perducamur immortalem, per
JESUM Christum....
Do
mi
num
nos - trum.
-
D:
RESP.
5
e
A
men.
A -
men.
d
APPENDIX.
vii

Moderato
3
4
TO
Fac Re - gi - nam
sal - vam,
Do
mi
ne,
da
3:3
4

ud
建
​pa - cem
in
di
- bus
nos
tris,
d
Ə*
et ex-au - di
nos
in
die
quo - cun - que, in
.
VO -
感​。
ca
mus
Te,
et ex- au
di
nos
in
add
d.

viii
APPENDIX.
P
G
[ [
die
quo. cur
que,
Te,
in - vo
- ca
mus,
d
Te
P
d
PP
T
Te,
Te,
Te
in - Vo
са
mus,
Te.
ppa
E
be
A.
men,
A.
men.
d
6
APPENDIX.
ix
IV.
Prayers in Commoners'.
THE LORD'S PRAYER.
O LORD, we beseech Thee, mercifully hear our prayers,
and
spare
all those who confess their sins unto Thee; that
they, whose consciences by sin are accused, by Thy merciful
pardon may be absolved, through Jesus Christ our Lord.
O God, by Whose almighty power and merciful goodness
the events of life are directed, to Thee we render most un-
feigned thanks for the preservation with which Thou hast
protected us through this day past.
Thou knowest, O God, the secrets of our hearts, and the
frailties of our nature; but for Christ's sake forgive what-
ever thou hast seen irrational, immoral, or irreligious in our
conduct.
Inspire our souls with an earnest desire to flee from sin
and to follow righteousness. Impress on our thoughts this
awful truth, that there can be no peace for the wicked.
Cherish in our hearts a spirit of faith and obedience towards
Christ our Redeemer; and give us grace so duly to meditate
on the end for which our life has been prolonged, that we
may endeavour more and more continually to promote thy
glory, the good of mankind, and the salvation of our own
souls.
To Thy gracious protection do we commend ourselves,
our relations, and friends, through the perils and dangers of
the approaching night. Refresh, we beseech Thee, our
bodies with necessary sleep; but more especially preserve
our souls from all things that may tend to corrupt them.
In the depth of darkness, during our wakeful hours, cause
us to remember, that in power and knowledge, Thou art


II

х
APPENDIX
every where present, and that to Thy sight every thought,
word, and deed of mankind, must always be open. Olet
the consciousness of Thy omnipresence dwell so deeply and
constantly in our minds, that no temptations may prevail on
us to do evil: and fill us with such a love of Thy goodness,
and dread of Thy displeasure, that at all times, and in all
places, whether in secret retirement or public intercourse,
whether in the darkness of night or the light of day, we may
so endeavour to keep Thy holy commandments, as finally
after this life to partake of immortal happiness, through the
merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, Who died for
our sins, Who rose again for our justification, and Who ever
liveth to make intercession for us.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God,
and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with us all ever-
Amen.
more.
INDEX
OF THE CHIEF MATTERS AND NAMES.

Abergwilli, Wykeham Canon of, 18. Chancellor, Wykeham's breakfast as
Amicabilis Concordia, 141.
new made, 32.
Aswardby, Wykeham Rector of, 21. Chandler, Dr., 323.
Audit-room, 208.
Chapel of Winton, 121; at New Col-
Aut disce, 227, 235.
lege, 325.
A-wood, Anthony, 319, 416.
Charles II requests a Fellowship for
a follower's child, 320.
Bancroft, Archbishop, 149.
Charles V visits Winton, 144.
Barnard, Sir A., 452.
Charlton, Bishop, 7.
Barton, Dr., 196.
Charters of Winton, 116, 126, 134.
Beavers, 237, 311.
Chichely's Chest, 317, 363.
Beaufort, Cardinal, 284, 345.
Chronicles recited in Hall, 324.
Beckington, Bishop, 138, 364.
Cibber's statue at Winton, 231
Beds of straw, 196.
Circum going, 196, 202, 215.
Benefices held by Wykeham, 23. Cloisters, the, 256; a Class in School,
Beverley, Wykeham Canon of, 18, 24. 240; Cloister Time, 240.
Bible, read in Hall-time, 151, 201. “Clump” planted, 175.
Bilson, Bishop, 164, 375.
Cole, Dr. 347.
Bingham, 263.
College Life in the Seventeenth Cen-
Black-death of 1349, 8.
tury, 313.
Black Prince appoints Wykeham his Collins, W., 191, 431.
executor, 51.
Collyer tortured in New College, 335.
Bloody Hand, legend of, 226.
Commemoration of the Founder, 216-8.
Botetourt, Lord, 175.
Commoners, 149, 183; number of boys
Bowade, W. and A., grand-parents of in, 229; Custom in, 265; Com-
Wykeham, 1.
moner speaking, 240.
Boy-Bishop at Winton, 205.
Commons in 1630, 309.
Bridgenorth, Wykeham Chaplain of, Common-Time, 239.
9, 25.
Conduit, 198.
Browne, Sir T., 413.
Consecration in New College Chapel,
Bruce, Lord, 173.
330.
Buckingham, Bishop, 7.
Cornelius, Lecturer of New College,
Burgess, Bishop, 386.
290.
Burton, Dr., 221.
Cornwall, C. W., 434.
Bute, Lord, 173.
Coryat, G., 293.
Courtenay, Archbishop, 7, 56.
Campeden, John, 96, 119, 125. Cranlegh, T. de, 120, 345, 363.
Castles of the See of Winchester, 47. Cranmer's Visitation, 151.
Catalogue, ancient, of books at Win- Cricket Matches, Public School, 182.
chester, 244; at New College, 285
Cecil, Letters from Winchester to, Dalbiac, Sir Charles, 448.
158, 164.
Dallam, 329.
Chamberlayne, W., 175, 447.
Dibdin, C., 435.
Chambers at Winton, 195-7, 225-6; Domum, 200; Legend of, 266.
at New College, 303.
Donatus, 192.

xii
INDEX.
Duns Scotus, 318.
Jam lucis orto sidere, 199, 203.
Drake, verses on Sir F., 165.
James I visits New College, 294.
Dress of the Scholars in College, 133, James, Dr. T., 299, 409.
217, 250, 317.
Johnson, Christopher, 195.
Dublin, Wykeham Canon of, 25. Junior of Sixth Chamber, 197.
Eagle in Chapel, 216.
Keats, Sir R., 440.
East Window of Winchester, 219. Ken, 380; his organ, 196.
Easter-time, 240.
Edward III, 8, 36, 54.
Langham, Archbishop, 34.
Edyngdon, Bishop, 7, 18, 20, 30. Latin Prayers, 156.
Election, 172, 191-3.
Library of Winton, 209, 243.
Elizabeth, Q. 156, 293, 309; College, Lichfield, Wykeham Canon of, 13.
149.
Lincoln, Wykeham Canon of, 20, 24;
Eliz. et Jacobi, oration founded, 166. Archdeacon, 21.
Eton College, 135-6; 140, 144, 156, Llandewi, Wykeham Canon of, 18.
182, 290.
Lollardism in New College, 283.
Evening Hills, 240.
London, Dr., 318, 347.
Expenses of food, 76, 79, 80.
Longe, family name of Wykeham, 3.
Eyre, Christopher, 221.
Love, Mr., 172.
Lowth, Bishop, 219, 385.
Fiennes, Colonel, 172.
Lydyatt, T., 409.
First peal, 195.
Fish-days, 156.
Magdalen College, Presidents of, 290.
Fleshmonger, Dean, 196, 200, 336, 394. Malmesbury, Earl of, 436, 452.
Ford, W. 148.
Maltby, Bishop, 239, 388.
Fox and Burton Exhibitions, 239, 423. Manners makyth man, 87.
, .
.
Founder, portraits of the, 189, 307. Mant, Bishop, 388.
Froissart mentions Wykeham, 29. Marshall, J., 400.
Fromond, 240.
Martyn, T., 398.
Mary, Queen, 154.
Garnet, H. 403.
Medals, 173, 174, 177, 238.
Gatherings, 240.
Menheniot, Wykeham rector of, 26.
Gaunt, John of, 45, 53. Entertained at Middle-gate tower, 194.
New College, 283.
Minstrels entertained in College, 207.
Gloves, given as presents, 307, 317.
More, Warden, 195, 352.
Gosberkirk, Wykeham rector of, 21.
Greek addresses to Q. Elizabeth, 157. Neale, T., 398.
Green, Organ builder, 216.
New College, why so called, 111; its
Grocyn, W. 393.
statutes, 276 ; lands and a site pur-
chased, 277-80; first stone laid, 281;
Hall of Winchester College, 151, 200;
the entrance of the Society, 282;
visited by John of Gaunt, 283; pri-
of New College, 322.
Harding, T., 397.
vilege of presenting the Fellows for
ordination and for their degrees
Harmar, Warden, 350.
without examination, 289; exempt-
Harpsfield, J., 397; John, 398.
ed by the King Henry VI from
Harris, organ builder, 216; Warden,
taxes, ib.; its revenues 26 Henry
294.
VIII, 290; visited by Queen Eliza-
Hastings, Wykeham Canon of, 21.
beth, 293 ; by King James I, 294;
Head Masters of Winchester, 355.
Prince Ulric, 299; occupied by Par-
Henry IV, 91; VI, 136, 140; VII and
liament, ib.; ancient customs, ib.,
VIII, 144.
314, 317; chambers, 303 ; library,
Herbert, Sir E., 419.
305 ; the chequer, 306; statistics of
Hereford, Wykeham Canon of, 18.
commons, 309-312; its chapel atten-
Hills, 263.
ded by the University, 314; rules of
Holmes, Dr., 410.
Hostiarii, eminent, 148, 221, 362, 400.
the founder, 315; drilling in the
quadrangle, 319, 321 ; the hall, 322;
Hyde Abbey School, 177.
Gawdy day, 325; the chapel, ib. ;
cloisters, 333; tower, 334.
Irstead, Wykeham rector of, 9. Norris, J., 420.
INDEX.
xiii

Northampton, Wykeham Archdeacon Spence, Jos., 428.
of, 21.
St. Cross, Wykeham reforms, 49.
St. David's, Wykeham, Canon of,
Onslow, A., 426.
St. George's, Wykeham, builds the
Organ at Winchester, 215, 216; at cloister of, 17.
New College, 329; Ken's, 196. St. Martin's-le-Grand, Wykeham, dean
Otway, T., 420.
of, 14, 19.
St. Mary Winton College, in Win.
Patronage of Winchester College, chester: its cause pleaded at Rome,
268; of New College, 338.
74; first stone laid, 120; first fel-
Peake's Mass, 5.
lows admitted, 121; receives certain
Philips, J., 422.
endowments, 123; and exemptions
Philpots, J., 397.
and special privileges, 130; the
Pictures in Warden's Gallery, 189; at number of its members, 131; who
New College, 303.
are sworn in by Wykeham's com-
Pitt, Christopher, 427.
missioners, 134; visited by Henry
Pitts, J., 404.
VI, 136-40; amicabilis concordia
Plague of 1362, 20.
between Winchester and Eton, 141;
Plays in College Hall, 204.
visited by Henry VII, by Henry
“ Pot", 263.
VIII, and Charles V, 144; its reve-
Prefects, form of making, 229.
nues at the time of the Reforma-
Privileges of New College, 289, 204, tion, 145; receives an act of royal
299.
favour, 150; visited by Archbishop
Pulham, Wykeham, rector of, 10. Cranmer, 151; by royal commissi-
Pulpiteers, 240.
oners, 153; by Queen Mary, ib.;
by Queen Elizabeth, 156; the scho-
Queenborough Castle, Wykeham's lars' triumph in a bardic trial, 165;
а
work at, 17.
occupied by the judges at Sir W.
Quarries at Quarrer used by Wyke- Raleigh's trial, 165 ; visited by Arch-
ham, 48.
bishop Matthew, 169; King Charles
I, 170; by Archbishop Bancroft,
Radnor, Earl of, 322.
149, 170; by Archbishop Laud, 170;
Rebellions, 176, 178.
by King Charles II, 173; important
Redesdale, Lord, 438.
parliamentary grant, 174; visited
Reynolds, W., 293.
by King George III, 174; rebellion,
Richard II, 61, 62, 66, 71, 75, 84, 280. 176-178; expenditure of, 179.
Rivers, Lord, 174.
St. Paul's, Wykeham Canon of, 18,
Rod invented by Warden Baker, 352. 19, 24; consecrated in, 34.
Ryves, Bruno, 412.
St. Stephen's, Wykeham Canon of,
21; visitor of, 51.
Sarum, Wykeham Canon of, 19, 24. Stapleton, T., 401.
Saunders, N., 400.
Statutes of Winton, 225, 276; of
Scholars' reply to Queen Elizabeth, Oxford, revised by Wykehamists,
151; bill, 166; going a hunting, 290, 299.
167, 207.
Stempe, Warden, 160.
Scholarships at Winton, 239.
Stewards of Winton, Lords Treasurers,
School-room, building of, 229.
208.
Seals of Wykeham, 2, 36.
Sudbury, Simon, 34.
Seaton, Lord, 450.
Sustern Spytal, 116.
Second peal, 196.
Symbols over chambers, 194.
Sewell, W., 460.
Shaftesbury, Wykeham Canon of, 19;
Earl of, 176, 422, 445.
Tabula legum, 235
Sherlock, R., 417.
Te de profundis, 203.
Sidmouth, Lord, 439.
Thurnburn's Chantry, 222.
Sidney, Sir H., 399.
Tomb, Wykeham's, 97, 98, 172.
Smith, Sydney, 451.
Toy-time, 240.
Somerville, W., 424.
Treasurers, Lords, Stewards of Winton,
Southampton, burning of, 6.
208.
Southwelſ, Wykeham Canon of, 24. Treaty of Bretigny, Wykeham wit-
Speeches of Wykeham, 38, 40, 42.
nesses, 15.

xiv
INDEX.
Trelawny, Bishop, 197.
Trusty Servant, 209.
Tub, the, 200.
Ulric, Prince, 299.
Uvedale, Nicholas, 3, 89, 199.
Varying, 240.
Visitors of the St. Mary Winton
Colleges, 343.
Vulgus, 240.
.
Wardens of Winchester, 352; of New
College, 345.
Warden's Hostel in London, 254.
Warden pie, 335.
Warham, Archbishop, 200, 322, 399.
Warren, Sir J. Borlase, 442.
Warton, Dr., 196, 359.
Waynflete, Bishop, 89, 135, 137, 143,
290, 322, 365.
Weelkes, 216.
Wells, Wykeham Provost of, 21, 25.
Westbury, w., 136, 391.
Weston, T., 135.
Wherwell, Wykeham Canon of, 19, 25.
White, Bishop, 156, 373.
Whitehead, W., 429.
Williams, Mrs., 166.
Wilson, Sir R., 446.
Winchester, 113, 115; House, 85.
Windsor Castle, 11, 13.
Wyccliffe libels Wykeham, 29.
Wykeham, William de; born in the
year 1324, at Wykeham, Hants :
the son of John and Alice Longe,
1; enters the service of Sir Nicho-
las Uvedale, ib.; becomes a scholar
in the cathedral school: his piety
in boyhood, 3; enters the household
of Bishop Edyngdon: is said to
have studied at Oxford, 7; intro-
troduced to King Edward III, 8;
parson of St. Michael's, Irstead, and
chaplain of Bridgenorth, 1349, 9;
has the custody of the manor of
Rokeford, 1350, is rector of Pul-
ham, 1357, 10; clerk of the King's
works at Henle and Yeshampstead,
May 10, 1356, and surveyor of works
at Windsor, Oct. 30, 1356, 11; and
of all the royal castles and divers
manors and parks; which he re-
signed shortly after: receives a
certain salary, 12; ranger of the
forest of Windsor, 13; his works at
Windsor, ib.; canon of Lichfield,
March 1, 1359, ib.; keeper of the
king's lands, 1359, 14; dean of St.
Martin's-le-Grand, May 5, 1360, ib.;
his munificence displayed there,
ib.; present at the ratification of
the treaty of Bretigny, October 24,
1360, 15; co-warden of the forests
this side of Trent, June, 1361, 16;
Parker's silly story about Wykeham
at Windsor, ib. ; surveyor of the
king's works, 1361, 17; employed
at Queenborough castle, ib.; builds
the cloister of St. George's Chapel
at Windsor, ib.; canon of Hereford,
Abergwilli, Llandewy Brewi, Bever-
ley, Oxegate, ordained acolyth, 1361,
18; canon of Totenhall, of Ruyl,
of Shaftesbury, Bromyard, Wher-
well, Sarum, St. David's, 19; or-
dained subdeacon, and priest, 1362,
20; canon of Lincoln, ib. ; signs
several state documents, ib.; rector
of Aswardby, Wodeland, and Gos-
berkirk, Co. Lincoln, 21; canon of
York, 1362, ib.; of Hastings, 1363,
ib.; of St. Stephen, Westminster,
ib. ; Archdeacon of Northants, and
of Lincoln, ib.; Provost of Wells,
ib.; present at Edyngdon's resigna-
tion of the chancellorship, ib.; the
Pope addresses letters to him, ib.;
justiciary of the royal forests, 22;
the keeper of the privy seal, ib.;
signs state documents,ib.; addressed
by the Pope, ib; holds the manor
of Harcumby, ib.; Commissioner
to treat on a truce with Scotland,
and for the ransom of David II,
1365, ib. ; President of the Council,
ib.; return made of his benefices,
ib.; Canon of Southwell, 24; St.
Patrick's, 25; rector of Menheniot,
26; receives commendation from
the Pope, 27; guardian of Sir
Philip le Vache, ib.; libelled by
Wyccliffe, 29; mentioned by Frois-
sart, ib.; receives the manor of
Henley and a royal salary, 30;
elected Bishop, 1367, 32; consti-
tuted lord chancellor, ib., his offi-
cial breakfast on the occasion, 33;
consecrated Bishop of Winchester,
Oct. 10, 1637, in St. Paul's Cathe-
dral, 34; the banquet at Lambeth,
35; Wykeham receives the tempo-
ralities, Oct. 12, ib.; enthroned at
Winchester, ib.; is declared by the
king to have acted unimpeachably
in his offices, 36; his seals, ib.; he
makes a speech at the opening of
parliament, 1369, 38; and at the
close of the session, 40; receives a
grant of lands, 41; resigns the
great seal, March 14, 1371, 43; a
tower at Windsor Castle named
INDEX.
XV

after him, 44; summoned to a great between the king and lords appellant,
Council at Winton, ib.; desires his 71; receives Sir R. Bealknappe's
clergy to take precautions against a hostel, ib.; is chosen Lord Chan-
French invasion, in 1373, ib.; cellor, 72; his specch in parlia-
named by the Commons one of a ment, 73; testimony of the king to
Committee of Supplies, 45 ; appoint- his fidelity, 74; Wykeham opens
ed by John of Gaunt a trustee of parliament with a speech, ib.; re-
his affairs, ib.; desired by the Pope ceives lands, ib.; resigns the great
to promote peace between England seal, 75; entertains the king at
and France, ib.; assumes the ad- Wolvesey, 76; has robes of the
ministration of his diocese, and re- Garter, 82; rebuilds the Nave of
pairs the dilapidated Episcopal pro- Winchester Cathedral, 83; pays
perty of his see, 47; holds a visita- £1000 to the king, 84; present
tion, 48; reforms St. Cross' Hospital, when the lords were sworn in West-
49; visits St. Stephen's College in minster Abbey, ib.; excuses him-
Westminster, 51; named his ex- self from attending parliament, ib.;
ecutor by the Black Prince, ib.; and convocation, ib.; delivers the
impeached by John of Gaunt, 53; pall to Archbishop Arundel, 85;
his temporalities are seized, 55, 58; present at Richard's abdication, ib.;
he retires to Merton Priory and and in parliament, 86; and at the
Waverley Abbey, 55; excepted from coronation-feast, 87; his sayings,
a general pardon, 56; Bishop Cour- ib.; his kindness to some French
tenay vindicates his character before
monks, 88; to Bishop Rusbrook,
the clergy, ib.; the convocation ib.; to his tenants, ib.; to the
demand his presence, 57; his Cathedral of Winchester, ib.; to
honourable reception at St. Paul's, Devereux, ib.; and the monks of
ib.; the people of London desire a Selborne, ib.; his gratitude to the
fair tribunal for his trial, 60; his Uvedales, 89; his hospitality and
temporalities restored on hard noble acts, ib.; names coadjutors,
terms, ib.; he is reconciled to the 90; founds chantries in Suthwyk
king, ib., has the grant of Hitchin Church, ib.; his devotion and filial
Manor, and buys lands at Elyng love, 91; his chantries at Windsor
and Windsor, 61; attends the coro- and Winton, ib.; his will, 92, 96;
nation of Richard II, and is declared his death, 94; his chantry, 96; his
by the king innocent of the charges tomb, 98; his noble reply to Edw.
made against him, ib.; the Com- III, 114; purchases land for his
mons petition that the pardon foundation at Winton, 116; ap-
should be confirmed under the
points a master of the school at
great seal, 63; appointed Commis- Winton, 119; a letter of Wykeham,
sioner, 65; lends money to the 124; benefactor of the University
king, 66, 70; visits St. Augustine's of Cambridge, 277; lays the first
Monastery, 66; witnesses the treaty stone of New College, 281; his
to the king's marriage, 67-8; ap- reply to the envious courtiers, 284.
pointed again a Commissioner on Wodeland, Wykeham rector of, 21.
several occasions, ib.; resists an Woodford, Sir A., 453.
application from the lords marches, Wootton, Sir H., 405.
68; condemns Wickliffe's opinions, Wordsworth, Charles, 224, 362;
,
69; intercedes for Dr. Ryggs, ib.; Christopher, 460.
sits as arbiter between St. Frides- Workmen impressed, 13, 48.
wide's Priory and the University of
Oxford, ib.; and in a contested
election of a Provost at Oriel Col- York, Wykeham Canon of, 21, 24.
lege, Oxford, ib.; presides in con- Young, Edward, 424.
vocation, ib.; signs a treaty with Young, Dr., 240.
the king of Portugal, 70; sits as a
Commissioner, ib.; acts as mediator | Zouch, Dr., 300, 412.

ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA.
97
Page 4. For "Alice", read "Agnes”.
“
21. After “Wodeland”, read [Sept. 23, 1361], and after “Gosberkirk”,
[Oct. 15, 1361. Harl. MS., 6951, f. 111.]
23. For “ lord chancellor, etc.", read “lords chancellor and treasurer".
>
9
135. For “Warden, 1443", read “Provost, 1443".
137. For “illustissimus", read “illustrissimus”.
» 204. For “jd. fune". read "jo."
224. For“ baptizatus”, read “ baptizatos”.
329. Add “Wm. Finch, manciple, gave two candlesticks for the Altar,
since stolen; he died in 1695".
„ 458. Awdry, add, first classman classics, 1816; Fellow of Oriel College.
3
99
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H.R.H. THE PRINCE ALBERT, K.G., D.C.L.

THE REV. THE WARDEN OF NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD.
THE REV. THE WARDEN OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE.
THE REV. THE HEAD-MASTER OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE.
Abbiss, Rev. John, M.A., Northampton Square, London,
Acton, Rev. John, M.A., Hartgrove, Shaftesbury.
Adams, Rev. Simon Thomas, M.A., Great Horwood, Bucks.
Adams, Rev. Henry Cadwallader, M.A., Fellow of Magdalen
College, Oxford
Adams, Rev. Henry Willoughby, M.A., Sibbertoft, Northampton.
Adams, Coker, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Alcock, Rev. Charles, M.A., Midhurst, Sussex.
Allen, Rev. Robert, B.C.L., Athenæum Club, London.
Andros, Thomas, Esq., Guernsey.
Argles, Rev. Marsham, M.A., Prebendal House, Peterborough.
Attfield, Rev. William, M.A., Bath.
Austen, Rev. George, M.A., Portsdown Lodge, Portsmouth.
Austen, Henry E., Esq., Lincoln's Inn, London.
Austin, Rev. William E. Craufurd, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of
New College, Oxford.
Awdry, Hon. Sir John Wither, D.C.L., Notton, Chippenham, Wilts.
Bagot, George Talbot, Esq., Oxford and Cambridge Club, London,
Baker, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Whitburn Rectory, Sunderland.
Baker, Rev. Frederick Walter, M.A., Beaulieu Rectory, Hants.
Baker, Rev. James, M.A., St. Peter's College, Radley.
Bandinel, Rev. Bulkeley, D.D., Oxford.
Barchard, Francis, Esq., Horsted Place, Sussex.
Baring, Right Hon. Sir Francis Thornhill, Bart., M.P., Stratton
Park, Hants.
Barnard, Lieut.-General Sir Andrew Francis, G.C.B., G.C.H.,
Royal Hospital, Chelsea.
K K

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Barter, William, Esq., Sarsden, Oxfordshire.
Bartholomew, Ven. Archdeacon, M.A., Morchard, Crediton, Devon.
Bastard, Baldwin J. Pollexfen, Esq., (9th Regiment).
Bathurst, Algernon, Esq., Lincoln's Inn, London.
Bathurst, Rev. Frederick, B.A., St. Peter's College, Radley.
Bayly, Rev. William Goodenough, D.C.L., Midhurst.
Bayly, Rev. Edmund Goodenough, M.A., Bournemouth.
Beames, Rev. Thomas, M.A., St. James', Westminster.
Beaumont, Sir George Howland, Bart., Cole-Orton, Leicestershire.
Bedford, Rev. James Gover, M.A., Twyford, Winchester.
Bellers, Captain Robert Bridges (50th Regiment).
Bennett, George, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Bigg-Wither, Rev. Harris J., M.A., Worting Rectory, Hants.
Bird, Rev. Godfrey, M.A., Great Wigborough Rectory, Essex.
Birley, Rev. Robert, B.A., Lea, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire.
Birley, Alfred, Esq., Ford Bank, Manchester.
Birley, Arthur, Esq., Ford Bank, Manchester.
Birley, William Hornby, Esq., Broom House, Eccles, Manchester.
Blackstone, Alan Cornwall, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Blagden, Rev. Thomas Nixson, B.D., Washington, Sussex.
Bliss, Mrs., Hursley, Hants.
Blunt, Edward Walter, Esq., Kempshott Park, Hants. (2 copies).
Boger, Walter D. Esq., Wolsdon Antony, Devonport.
Bramston, Thomas William, Esq., M.P., Skreens, Chelmsford.
Bramston, William Mondeford, Esq., Skreens, Chelmsford.
Bridges, Sir Brook William, Bart., M.P., Goodnestone Park, Kent.
Bridges, Rev. Alexander Henry, M.A., Horsham, Sussex.
Brodie, Alexander, Esq., Lincoln's Inn, London.
Bulwer, William Gascoyne, Esq., (Scots Fusilier Guards), Upper
Seymour Street, Portman Square, London.
Burrows, Arthur, Esq., Lincoln's Inn, London.
Cranworth, Right Hon. Lord, Upper Brook Street, London.
Chichester Very Rev. The Dean of, The Deanery, Chichester.
Carter, William Hammett, Esq., Barnstaple, Devon.
Cherrie, Rev. Henry Curtis, M.A., Burghfield Rectory, Berks.
Chester, Greville J., Esq., Kirby Cane Hall, Norfolk.
Chute, William Lyde Wiggett, Esq., The Vine, Basingstoke.
Clark, Rev. John Dixon, M.A., Belford Hall, Northumberland.
Clay, James, Esq., M.P., Montague Square, London.
Colston, William Hungerford Morris, D.C.L., New College, Oxford.
Copleston, Edward Arthur, Esq., St. Martin's Place, London.
Cordery, James, Esq., Weatherall House, Hampstead.
Corkran, Charles, Esq., Long Ditton, Surrey.
Cornish, Rev. Richard Pering, M.A., Bickington, Ashburton, Devon.
Cowburn, Rev. Allan, M.A., Humber Rectory, Leominster.
Cox, Samuel, Esq., Beaminster, Dorset.
Crawford, William Andrew, Esq., Winchester.
Currie, Leonard, Esq., Clarendon Place, Hyde Park, London.
Currie, Lieutenant Leonard Douglas Hay (19th Regiment).

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Durham, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Auckland Castle,
Durham.
De La Feld, The Count, Littlehampton, Arundel, Surrey.
Darnell, Rev. William, M.A., Bamburgh, Belford, Northumberland.
Daubeny, Rev. George William, LL.B., Seend House, Melksham.
Davis, Sir John Francis, Bart., F.R.S., F.S.A., Hollywood,
Gloucestershire.
Davison, Rev. Robert John, M.A., Bromsgrove, Worcestershire.
Deane, Rev. Henry, B.C.L., Gillingham, Dorset.
Deedes, William, Esq., M.P., Sandling Park, Kent.
Deedes, John, Esq., The Temple, London.
De Crespigny, Sir Claude Champion, Bart., Champion Lodge,
Surrey.
De Romestin, Augustus Henry E., Esq., St. John's College, Oxford.
De Winton, Rev. Walter, M.A., Llaistephan House, Hay, Brecon.
Drake, Charles Cutcliffe, Esq., Springfield, Barnstaple, Devon.
Du Boulay, John Thomas, Esq., Exeter College, Oxford.
Du Buisson, Rev. Edmund, M.A., Hampton Bishop, Hereford.
Dunbar, George Ramsay, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Duncan, Philip Bury, Esq., Westfield Lodge, Bath.
Dyneley, Charles, Esq., Doctors' Commons, London (2 copies).


Eastwick, Captain William J., Sloane Street, London.
Edmonds, Lieutenant Richard E. Pell (52nd Regiment).
Egerton, Rev. John, M.A., Vale Mascal, Bexley, Kent.
Egerton, Philip Reginald, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Eliot, Edward, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Elliot, John Lettsom, Esq., Pimlico Lodge, Westminster (4 copies).
Elliot, Sir Henry Miers, K.C.B., Foreign Secretary to the Govern-
ment of India.
Elliot, William, Esq., H.E.I.C.S., Madras.
Elliot, Lieut.-Colonel John, Barley House, Plymouth.
Elliot, John, Junior, Esq., University College, Oxford.
Elliot, Henry Lettsom, Esq., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Ellison, Rev. Henry, M.A., Brington, Northampton.
Erle, Hon. Sir William, Park Crescent, London (2 copies).
Escott, Robert Kirkpatrick, Esq., Ongar Hill House, Addlestone
(2 copies).
Evans, Herbert Norman, Esq., Hampstead.
Everett, Edward, Esq., Harnham Cliff, Salisbury.
Fane, Rev. Frederick, M.A., Corfe Mullen, Dorset.
Fanshawe, Rev. Frederick, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Exeter
College, Oxford.
Fanshawe, Arthur Adolphus, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Fanshawe, Henry Leighton, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Farrer, Oliver William, Esq., John Street, Berkeley Square, London.
Fearon, Rev. Henry, B.D., Loughborough, Leicestershire.
Fisher, Albert Bulteel, Esq., Poulshot Rectory, Devizes.
Ford, Richard, Esq., Park Street, London.
Fowle, Rev. Fulwar William, M.A., Amesbury, Wilts.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Fox, Rev. Edward, B.A., New College, Oxford.
French, Rev. Thomas Lee, M.A., Thrandeston Rectory, Scole,
Suffolk.
Freshfield, Edwin, Esq., Trinity College, Cambridge (2 copies).
Frith, Rev. William Armetriding, B.A., Perry Barr, Birmingham.
Furneaux, Henry, Esq., Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
Gale, Rev. Thomas Hinxman, M.A., Godmersham Vicarage, Kent.
Gale, Frederick, Esq., Gray's Inn, London.
Garnier, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Upper Harley Street, London.
Gauntlett, Rev. Frederick, M.A., Fladbury Rectory, Worcestershire.
Gibbs, Harry Leeke, Esq., M.D., F.R.C.S., Exeter (2 copies).
Giffard, Rev. Jervis Trigge, M.A., Long Ditton Rectory, Surrey.
Gilpin, Henry, Esq., Wilton Crescent, London.
Goodden, Rev. Charles C., M.A., Montacute Vicarage, Somerset.
Goodlad, Richard Redfern, Esq., Hill Place, Bishop's Waltham,
Hants.
Grant, Rev. Robert, B.C.L., Fellow of Winchester College.
Grant, Edward Piers, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Greene, Rev. Henry Burnaby, M.A., Longparish Rectory, Hants.
Griffith, Rev. Charles Arthur, M.A., New College, Oxford.
Griffiths, Rev. John, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Wadham College,
Oxford.
Gunner, Rev. William Henry, M.A., College, Winchester.
Gutteres, Rev. Frederick E., M.A., Kingsbridge, Devon.
Hale, Robert Blagden, Esq., M.P., Alderley Park, Gloucestershire.
Hall, Rev. Edward Duncan, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke College,
Oxford.
Hansard, Richard James, Esq., M.R.C.S., Oxford (2 copies).
Hanson, George W., Esq. (9th Regiment B.N.I.)
Hanson, John O., Jun., Esq., Dorset Square, Regent's Park,
London.
Harrison, Rev. John Butler, B.D., Evenley, Northamptonshire.
Hastings, Captain Sir Thomas, R.N., C.B., Ordnance Office, Pall
Mall, London.
Hawley, William Henry Toovey, Esq., Southsea.
Hearn, Rev. Thomas John, M.A., Roxwell Vicarage, Essex.
Heathcote, Lieutenant George Parker (52nd Regiment).
Heathcote, Gilbert Vyvyan, Esq., Hursley Park, Hants.
Henning, Frederick C., Esq., Dorchester.
Hessey, Rev. James Augustus, D.C.L., Head-Master of Merchant
Taylors' School, London.
Hill, Charles John, Esq., St. John's College, Oxford.
Hill, Nicholas Frank, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Hilliard, George, Esq., Hungerford, Berks.
Hodges, Rev. Frederick A. Parry, D.C.L., Fellow of Winchester
College.
Hood, Lieutenant Francis Fothergill (64th Regiment).
Hook, Rev. Walter Farquhar, D.D., Leeds.
Hoper, George, Esq., Thornhill, Tonbridge Wells.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Hoskins, Rev. Henry, M.A., North Perrott Rectory, Somerset.
Howman, Rev. Edward J., M.A., Bexwell Rectory, Norfolk.
Hunt, Rev. Augustus Archer, M.A., Tipton Parsonage, Ottery
St. Mary, Devon.
Huntingford, Rev. George William, M.A., Littlemore, Oxfordshire.
Huntingford, Rev. Edward, B.C.L., Brook Green, Hammersmith.

Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, Bart., M.P., Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire.
James, Henry, Esq., The Close, Exeter.
Jebb, Rev. John, M.A., Peterstow Rectory, Ross, Herefordshire.
Johnson, Sir Henry Allen, Bart., K.W.N., Gresford Lodge,
Wrexham, N.W.
Kekewich, George Granville, Esq., Summerlands, Exeter.
Kelson, Thomas Mortimer, Esq., Folkington Rectory, Sussex.
Kendall, John, Esq., Bishopsthorpe, Yorkshire.
Kittoe, Rev. Edward H., M.A., Chadwell Rectory, Grays, Essex.
Knatchbull, Sir Norton J., Bart., Mersham Hatch, Kent (2 copies).
Knatchbull, Rev. Wyndham, D.D., Smeeth Rectory, Ashford, Kent.
Knight, Brook J., Esq., Godmersham Park, Kent.
Knight, Edward, Junior, Esq., Chawton House, Hants.
Labouchere, Right Hon. Henry, M.P., Overstowey, Somersetshire.
Lambert, William C., Esq., Knowle House, Wimborne, Dorset.
Lawrence, John Trevor, Esq., Ealing Park, Middlesex.
Lee, Rev. Godfrey Bolles, M.A., New College, Oxford.
Lee, Rev. Sackville U. B., M.A., Exeter.
Lee-Warner, Rev. Daniel H., M.A., Walsingham Abbey, Norfolk.
Lefevre, Right Hon. Charles Shaw, M.P., Heckfield Place, Hants.
Littlehales, Charles, Esq., M.D., Winchester.
Littlehales, Lieutenant George Richard (12th Regiment).
Long, Walter, Esq., M.P., Rood Ashton, Wilts.
Lopes, Sir Ralph, Bart. M.P., Marristowe, Devon.
Lowndes, Samuel, Esq., Bruton Street, Berkeley Square, London.
Luttmann-Johnson, Rev. William H. R., M.A., Binderton House,
Sussex.
Lyttelton, Hon. and Rev. William Henry, M.A., Hagley,
,
Worcestershire.

Mackenzie, Henry, Esq., Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, London.
Maclachlan, Rev. Archibald N. Campbell, M.A., St. Cross,
Winchester.
Macrorie, William Kenneth, Esq., Brasenose College, Oxford.
Magnay, Charles, Esq., Charles Street, Westbourne Terrace, London.
Malleson, Edward, Esq., Queen's College, Oxford.
Mapleton, Rev. James Henry, Sen., M.A., Coundon, Warwickshire.
Mapleton, Rev.James Henry, Jun.,M.A., Tarrington, Herefordshire,
Martin, William, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Master, Rev. William, B.C.L., Bucknell Rectory, Oxfordshire.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS,
Meade, Rev. De Courcy, M.A., Monmouth.
Mears, Rev. Henry, M.A., Stowe hill, Bury St. Edmonds.
Merchant Taylors' School, Library of, London.
Merriman, Rev. Henry Gordon, M.A., Bridgenorth.
Michell, William, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Mildmay, Humphrey St. John, Esq., Shoreham Place, Kent.
Mill, Rev. Sir John Barker, Bart. M.A., Mottisfont Abbey, Hants.
Miller, Rev. Edward, B.A., New College, Oxford.
Millett, Charles, Esq., Maiden-Erlegh, Berks.
Mills, Charles, Esq., Camelford House, London.
Milne, Rev. John Haworth, B.A., West Farleigh, Kent.
Moberly, Rev. Henry Edward, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of New
College, Oxford.
Moberly, William Henry, Esq., Southampton.
Monteath, Lieutenant Archibald Douglas (3rd Dragoon Guards).
Moore-Stevens, John Curzon, Esq., Winscott House, Torrington,
Devon (2 copies):
Morres, Rev. Robert Elliot, B.A., Ashcott, Glastonbury.
Morres, Elliot James, Esq., Matthew's Green, Wokingham.
Morshead, Frederick, Esq., Kelly, Tavistock, Devon.
Northesk, Right Hon. the Earl of, Rosehill, Hants (2 copies).
Nelley, Major John Peter, Malta.
New College Library, Oxford.
Newbolt, Rev. William Henry, M.A., Paulerspury, Northampton-
shire (2 copies).
Ogle, John W., Esq., M.D., Queen Street, May Fair, London.
Ommanney, Octavius, Esq., Bryanston Place, London.
Palmer, Roundell, Esq., M.P., Q.C., Upper Harley Street, London.
Papillon, Rev. John, M.A., Lexden Rectory, Essex.
Parke, William, Esq., Eaton Terrace, Eaton Square, London.
Parker, James, Esq., Baddon House, Essex.
Parker, Rev. Frederick W., M.A., Welsh Pool, Montgomeryshire.
Paul, Rev. George W., M.A., Finedon Vicarage, Northamptonshire.
Paul, Josiah Tippetts, Esq., Tetbury, Gloucestershire.
Payne, Rev. Edward, M.A., Swalcliffe Vicarage, Oxfordshire.
Payne, Rev. John Vaughan, M.A., St. Petrock's, Exeter.
Phillips, Rev. Frederick Parr, M.A., Montague Square, London.
Pickwick, Major, Bathford, Bath.
Pilkington, Rev. Charles, B.C.L., Stockton, Warwickshire.
Pode, John Duke, Esq., Exeter College, Oxford.
Porcher, Charles, Esq., Clyffe, Dorchester.
Porcher, George Dupré, Esq., Oxford and Cambridge Club,
London.
Powys, Rev. Lyttelton Charles, B.D., Stallbridge Rectory, Dorset.
Price, Aubrey Charles, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Prower, Rev. John Mervin, M.A., Purton, Wilts.
Quicke, Rev. Andrew, M.A., Fellow of Winchester College,
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
Roxburghe, Her Grace the Duchess of, Floors Castle, Roxburghshire.
Rashleigh, Rev. George Cumming, M.A., Fellow of Winchester
College.
Reid, Joseph, Jun., Esq., Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, London.
Richards, Rev. William Page, D.C.L., Stoke Abbott, Dorset.
Ridley, George, Esq., Charles Street, Berkeley Square, London.
Risley, Rev. William Cotton, M.A., Deddington, Oxfordshire.
Robinson, Francis Edward, Esq., Exeter College, Oxford.
Roe, Henry Farwell, Esq., Gnaton Hall, Devon.
Rose, Rt. Hon. Sir George Henry, G.C.H., Sandhills, Christchurch.
Rowden, Rev. George Croke, D.C.L., Temple Grove, East Sheen,
Surrey.

Saye and Sele, Right Hon. and Rev. Lord, Broughton Castle,
Oxfordshire.
Seaton, Right Hon. Lord, G.C.B., G.C.H., Deer Park, Devon.
Salmon, Rev. Henry, M.A., Swarraton Rectory, Hants.
Salmon, Rev. Henry Thomas, B.A., Swarraton Rectory, Hants.
Sangster, Alexander, Esq., Kennington Terrace, Vauxhall, London.
Scarth, Rev. Henry M., M.A., Bathwick Rectory, Bath.
Schomberg, Joseph Trigge, Esq., Pelham Crescent, Brompton.
Sclater, George, Esq., Hoddington House, Hants.
Sergeant, Oswald Pattisson, Esq., Broughton, Manchester.
Sewell
, Rev. James Edwards, M.A., New College, Oxford.
Seymour, Rev. Sir John Hobart Culme, Bart., M.A., Northchurch,
Northamptonshire.
Sherer, Rev. George, M.A., Marshfield Vicarage, Gloucestershire,
Sherer, Henry William, Esq., Inner Temple, London,
Shipley, Lieutenant William Davies (58th Regiment).
Shirley, Rev. Arthur George Sewallis, M.A., Stinsford Vicarage,
Dorset.
Short, Ambrose, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Shute, Thomas Deane, Esq., Bramshaw Hill, Lyndhurst, N. F.
Shute, Lieutenant William Gordon (28th Regiment).
Skrine, Rev. Harcourt, B.A., Sunbury, Middlesex.
Smith, Charles John, Esq., Russell Square, London.
Sotheby, Rev. Thomas Hans, M.A., Milverton, Somerset.
Spicer, Rev. William Webb, M.A., Itchen Abbas, Hants.
Spicer, Rev. Newton, M.A., Byfleet Rectory, Cobham, Surrey.
Standidge, Charles Watson, Esq., Camberwell, Surrey.
Stanton, William Darke, Esq., Haywardsfield, Stonehouse,
Gloucestershire.
Stephens, Charles, Jun., Esq., Early Court, Reading.
Stratton, Freeman Richard, Esq., Hythe, Southampton.
Streatfeild, Rev. William, M.A., East Ham Vicarage, Essex.
Swete, John Beaumont, Esq., Park Place, Torquay, Devon.

Tenterden, Right Hon. Lord, Wilton Street, London.
Talfourd, Hon. Sir Thomas Noon, D.C.L., Russell Square, London.
Teale, Thomas P., Jun., Esq., Albion Street, Leeds.
Teesdale, John Marmaduke, Esq., Fitzroy Square, London.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
Theobald, Charles, Esq., Winchester.
Thomson, Guy, Esq., Baldon House, Oxford.
Thrupp, Joseph Francis, Esq., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Thursby, Walter, Esq., Leamington Hastings, Warwickshire.
Townsend, Rev. Charles, M.A., Rectory, Kingston-by-Sea, Sussex.
Tozer, Henry Fanshawe, Esq., Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
Tripp, Rev. Henry, M.A., Sub-Warden of St. Columba's College,
Ireland.
Tuckwell, William, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Upton, Rev. William Judd, M.A., Greasborough, Yorkshire.
Upton, Rev. James S., M.A., Wentworth, Yorkshire.
Veale, Rev. William, M.A., Trevuyler, Penzance, Cornwall.
Wadeson, Edward Weyman, Esq., Doctor's Commons, London.
Walcott, Captain, R.N., Winkton House, Ringwood, Hants.
Walford, John Desborough, Esq., College, Winchester.
Walker, George Alfred, Esq., Wadham College, Oxford.
Warry, George, Esq., Shapwick, Glastonbury.
Webster, Edward Mercer, Esq., Brasenose College, Oxford.
Wickham, Rev. Edward, M.A., Wokingham, Berks.
Wickham, Rev. Edmund Dawe, M.A., Godstone, Surrey.
Wickham, John, Esq., Batcombe, Somerset.
Wickham, Henry John, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Wilde, Charles Norris, Esq., Russell Square, London.
Willes, Edmund Henry Lacon, Esq., Queen's College, Oxford.
Willes, Lieutenant John Irwin (69th Regiment B.N.I.)
Williams, Rev. David, B.C.L., Winchester.
Williams, Rev. Henry Blackstone, M.A., Fellow of Winchester
College.
Williams, Philip, Esq., Gedling Rectory, Nottingham.
Wingfield, Rev. Harry Lancelot, B.A., New College, Oxford.
Wingfield, Edward, Esq., New College, Oxford.
Winwood, Henry Hoyte, Esq., Exeter College, Oxford.
Withington, Thomas Ellames, Esq., Merton College, Oxford.
Wood, Rev. Sir John Page, Bart., Glazenwood House, Essex.
Wood, Sir William Page, M.P., Q.C., Great George Street,
Westminster.
Wood, Rev. William Paul, M.A., Manaton, Devon.
Woodford, Lieut.-General Sir Alexander, K.C.B., G.C.M.G.,
Somerset Street, Portman Square, London.
Wordsworth, Rev. Charles, M.A., Warden of Trinity College,
Glenalmond, Perth.
Wordsworth, Rev. Christopher, D.D., Cloisters, Westminster.
Young, Rev. Newton Barton, M.A., New College, Oxford.

ALSO, BY THE SAME AUTHOR,
ST. PAUL AT ATHENS.
A SACRED POEM.
HAND-BOOK FOR ST. JAMES'S, WESTMINSTER.
SKEFFINGTON, 192, PICCADILLY.
MEMORIALS OF WESTMINSTER.
[Illustrated.]
THE ENGLISH ORDINAL, ITS HISTORY, VALIDITY, AND CATHOLICITY.
WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
[In preparation.]
F. AND J. RIVINGTON, WATERLOO PLACE.

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