90.15 º' University of Michigan ||||||||| 7. º º - º : . -º ºº *s º- * s º - > s -- º º º º Frºm rºup FIRE's IDE LIBRARY, pºisºn Monº ºv- Mºst crowell & Kirkpatrick spangº, onio. November, 1892. --~~~~ sº --~~~~~~~~~~~~~ º ONE HUNDRED SUPERB PHOTOGRAP Vºievºus from A11 parts of the World. º º - asſºsºsºsº sº º Fºsºsºsºs sº ºº: --~~~~~~ Sº |PORTFOLIO OF sues cºlºrToº --~~~~~~~~ - Vº Fºº eace seco ess vess. º ºº: º ºSººsººººººººº. º: º --~~ º º - -- - º º - - : º - - NºNº Nº Nº Nº NºNº NºNº Nº Nº Nº Nº NºNº NN Nº. Ž % º % The Accompanying Engravings are Specimens of the Magnificent Vieus in Our Great Work, º • 2 3. 9 & & THE COMPLETE BOOK CONTAINING OVER FIVE HUNDRED PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS, * 2 º, Embracing the Most Beautiful and Famous Castles, Palaces, Cathedrals, Temples, and Churches of the Old World; 2 2 - , the Romantic Lochs and Bens of Scotland; the Lakes of Killarney; the Picturesque Scenery of the Rhine; 2 % the Snow-Capped Alps; the Magnificent Cities of Italy; the Most Celebrated Sculptures, Paintings, Mosaics, º : and other Works of Art from the Galleries of London, Dresden, Paris, Florence, and the Vatican at % & Rome; the Classic Ruins of Pompeii, Karnak, Egypt, Sinai, and the Holy Land; Mohammedan & º Mosques and Minerets; Indian Temples, Chinese Pagodas, Mexican Idols, and Alaska & * Totems; Arctic Seas and Tropical Forests; Together with the Most Imposing and Costly 2 2 Buildings, Triumphal Arches, Mausoleums, Monuments, and Statues of Every 2 º Country on the Globe, including Public Squares, Parks, Drives, 2 2% Boulevards, and Bird’s-Eye Views of Cities, the whole forming ‘. º º % % sº O W % s & A. PHOTOGRAPHIG. PANORAMA OF • THE - WORLD, . 2 - º s Giving Exquisite Views of Mountain, Lake, River, Forest and Ocean Scenery from every country; Instantaneous Photographs of Street Scenes in the Great % Cities, and Objects of Natural Curiosity, Artistic Beauty and Sublimity everywhere. Designed to take the place of an Extended Tour Around the Globe. % - WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY º - * GENERRL LEW WRLLPICE, & Author of “Ben-Hur,” “The Fair God,” Etc., Etc. Descriptions of every scene prepared especially for this work by a Corps of Talented Writers, among them | REV. WASHINGTON GLADDEN, D.D., REV. RUSSELL CONWELL, D.D., REV. C. H. PAYNE, D.D., LL.D., %. REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE, D.D., HAMILTON W. MABIE, LL.B., LIT.D., HON. W.M. C. P. BRECKINRIDGE, REV. WM. HETH WHITSITT, D.D., REV. S. F. SCOVEL, D.D., LL.D., HON. HENRY WATTERSON, REV. J. H. W. STUCKENBURG, D.D., of Berlin, Germany. O-WE WANT THE BEST CANVASSERS-Q) To engage in selling this wonderful work. Everybody wants it at sight. The minister, doctor, lawyer, merchant, mechanic, farmer, laborer, servant—anybody will go out of his way to examine it. You cannot find a person, no matter what his station in life, who will not thank you for calling his attention to it. It is no ordinary book, nor will agents selling it meet with an ordinary degree of success. SUCH A BOOK IS WELL WORTH TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS, but we have put the price so low that the most unreasonable cannot complain. rite at once for information regarding terms of employment, to MAST, CROWELL & KIRKPATRICK, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. -N º Z % º, ~ poRTFollo OF /.3% º Ile Hundred - Superb Photographs, Embracing Views of Famous Castles, Historic Ruins, Great Cathedrals, Monuments, Towers, Arches, the world’s most noted pieces of Sculpture, Beautiful Landscapes and Mountain Scenery, located in all parts of the world. Each Picture Described in a Concise, Accurate and Entertaining Article, Containing the Knowledge of the World’s Master Minds upon the Subject. Copyrighted, 1892, by Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, Springfield, Ohio. PUBLISHED BY MAST, CROWELL & KIRKPATRICK, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. ELROSE ABBEY, Scot1...AND.—“If thou wouldst view fair Melrose aright, go visit it by the pale moonlight; for the gay beams of lightsome day, gild, but to flout, the MU: ruins gray.” Melrose Abbey, indisputably the finest ruin in Scotland, was founded by David I, in 1136, and when finished, in 1146, was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was almost wholly destroyed under Edward II., but rebuilt in 1326 by Robert Bruce, at a cost equal to $250,000. The style of this beautiful Gothic building is a mixture of the Second Pointed and Flamboyant. It is in the form of a Latin cross, with a square tower in the center 84 feet in height. The entire length of the church is 258 feet, and the breadth of the transepts is 137 feet. The parts in best preservation are the choir, transept, part of the nave, and nearly all of the southern aisle. The choir is in the form of half a Greek cross, and the beautiful fretted stone roof remains. The eastern window, with “slender shafts of shapely stone by foliaged tracery combined,” is very much defaced. The transept is one of the finest parts of the church, and near it is the tomb of the famous wizard, Michael Scott. Within the abbey lie the remains of many a gallant knight and pious priest. Alexander II, is supposed to be buried here, and here is the heart of King Robert the Bruce. Many members of the famous Douglas family lie here, and some members of the old border families. Sir Walter Scott's description of Melrose, found in the “Lay of the Last Minstrel," is one of his masterpieces. . Zºº /2 - 74% º º ENARTH, WALES.—This town is situated at the mouth of the Taff estuary, four miles from Cardiff. It contains about ſoooo inhabitants. The highest point is the Penarth Head, which rises 200 feet and extends some distance out into the sea. On the summit of this eminence stand a hotel and several conspicuous buildings, among them being a church of a somewhat foreign appearance. From a point near this church may be obtained a fine view in every direction. The sea and the estuary of the Taff lie spread out before the eye; the town, part of it on the north and part of it on the south of the Head, can be seen to good advantage; and looking inland to the north andſ west, the beholder catches a sight of some of the scenery for which Wales is justly celebrated. Penarth is the seaside resort of the people of Cardiff, a city of more than too.o.o.o inhabitants. The water is muddy, and the beach is covered with coarse pebbles instead of sand; but salt water swimming-baths have been erected and are largely used during the warm season. Many of the wealthy Cardiffians have residences here. The commercial portion of the town lies on the north side of the Head, where extensive docks have been constructed. On the other side are handsome and comfortable-looking villas, separated from the sea by an esplanade. Just above the esplanade lie the Windsor Gardens, with many attractive walks and delightful views. The cliffs at the east end are especially interesting to the geologist because of their peculiar stratification. ATHEDRAL, SALISBURY, ENGLAND.—Salisbury is one of the most attractive places in England for the traveler. An American finds here one of the most interesting museums in the world, of the traces, one might almost say the prehistoric traces, of American life. The cathedral was founded here in 1219; the bishop of the time transferred the see from Old Sarum, which is accessible by an easy ride. When the see was changed, and Salisbury grew up, Old Sarum naturally declined. At the beginning of the last century the population had almost wholly moved away; by the end of the last century it was, one might say, a desert. So it was that one of the disgraceful features of the English constitution before the Reform Bill of 1831 was the fact that Old Sarum, having but one voter, returned two members to Parliament. This bishop, who moved his see to Salisbury, seems to have been a person of fine taste in architecture; he, or somebody working under him or after him, has left, as the reader may see, one of the most beautiful cathedrals in the world. The Lady Chapel was consecrated as early as 1225; the building was dedicated in 1260, and the whole building is regarded as a perfect example of the pure Early English style. The spire is the highest in England. The history says that a dangerous settling took place within a hundred years of its erection, and it is owing to this that the spire leans a little towards the south. º -- fº TxAFALGAR SQUARE, LONDON.—This is a point of general interest to the sight-seer in London, both from the historical associations which cluster about it, and the modern buildings and statues which are in and near it. The tall monument in the center is the celebrated Nelson Column, built of stone, 145 feet high, and surmounted by a statue of Nelson. The capital, which is of bronze, is made of cannon taken from the French. Four bas-reliefs in bronze adorn the base of the Nile, by Woodington; of Copenhagen, by Ternonth; of St. Vincent, by Watson; and of the death of Nelson, by Carew. Four grand, colossallions in bronze, by Sir Edwin Landsier, crouch at the corners of the base. The column cost $230,000, the 1argest subscription being from the Emperor Nicholas of Russia, $2,500. The fountains are of Peterhead granite. There are four statues occupying pedestals in Trafalgar Square. They are those of Charles I., by Le Soeur; George IV., by Chantrey, which is seen in the distance; General Havelock and Sir Charles Napier. Surrounding the square are many public buildings of interest. - º º º - - - ETH.E.H.E.M.–This town, now called Beit-lahm, is one of the oldest in Palestine, being already in existence when Jacob returned to the country after his stay in Padan- aram. It is situated six miles southeast of Jerusalem, and covers the eastern and northeastern parts of a limestone ridge, which is about a mile in length. North and south of this ridge are deep valleys; the west end slopes down gradually, while the east end is steep and overlooks an extensive plain. Bethlehem is one of the most interesting of all the places in Palestine which attract visitors and worshipers. Here was the home of the Levite, the originator of the idolatry in Micah's house of gods. Here it was that the Levite married the woman whose tragic death caused the destruction of the tribe of Benjamin. This was the home of Naomi, the mother-in-law of sweet-spirited Ruth, who married Boaz here and thus became the grandmother of David. Here was the youthful home of David. Here was the well from which his brave companions brought him the much-coveted draught of water. Here was the home of Joseph and Mary before they took up their abode in Nazareth. Here in a stable was born Jesus, the Christ, and over this village stood the star which the wise men of the East had followed. To this place came the soldiers of Herod and slaughtered the innocent children. Here the shepherds still keep their flocks, and nearly all of the Bible customs are still maintained. There are now about four thousand inhabitants in the town, and an ancient church, built by the mother of Constantine, incloses the cave, or stable, where Christ was born. º -- --- - - -- -- -- -- -- º : i ſº Mosque OF OMAR, JERUSALEM.–The most conspicuous object that attracts the traveler as he approaches Jerusalem is the Mosque of Omar, lifting its dome heavenward. The Temple Area, within which the Mosque stands, is regarded as one of the most sacred spots of earth. It is the historic Mount Moriah, where, nearly thirty-seven centuries ago, Abraham's faith received the severe test. On this spot three holy temples have stood: that built by Solomon and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 588 B. C.; that built by Zerubbabel seventy years later; and finally the Temple of Herod, rebuilt a few years before the coming of Christ. The inclosure now embraces an area of some thirty-five acres, nearly quadrangular, and surrounded by lofty and massive walls. The Mosque stands on an elevated platform, twelve feet above the surface. It was built, according to tradition, by the Caliph Omar, or, as some say, Caliph Abd-el-Melek, in the seventh century. It is octagonal in form, and its diameter is about one hundred and seventy feet. The lower part is constructed of various colored marbles; the upper part is pierced with fifty-six windows of brilliantly-stained glass. The whole is surmounted by a large, richly-gilded dome, supported by piers, with arches resting on columns of porphyry. The interior is ornamented in gilt stucco in arabesque style. The entire structure presents the appearance of dilapidated splendor. Among many foolish traditions connected with the spot, one sight commands respectful attention. Beneath the lofty dome lies open to view a huge mass of rock, the veritable rocky ridge of Mount Moriah, and supposed to mark the very spot where Abraham bound his son Isaac, and where the “Altar of Sacrifice.” of the Temple stood. It seems to well deserve the name it bears, the “Sacred Rock.” NYSDODNAN, LAND's END, ENGLAND.—Cornwall is the most southwesterly of English counties, and Land's End is the extreme southwest point of Cornwall. Its chief wealth is derived from mines, the most important being of copper and tin. The Phoenicians went to Cornwall in very ancient times to procure the last-named metal. The general aspect of this county is very dreary, a ridge of bleak and rugged hills stretching through its whole length. The coast is wild and dangerous, and innumerable shipwrecks have occurred there. Not more than one hundred years ago many of the people made their living by picking up the goods washed ashore after a storm, and by plundering the bodies of the drowned, so that a “Cornish wrecker” became a byword. It was to such men as these, and the rugged miners, that John Wesley loved to preach. The people are still chiefly occupied in mining and fishing. The coast from a distance presents the appearance of an enormous wall, dark and forbidding. The water of the English Channel is intensely green. The smaller rocks, as one approaches them closely, seem rough, black and cruel. There are numerous and expensive lighthouses in this vicinity. One at the Scilby Islands cost $2,000,ooo. It has been rebuilt five times, having been in every case destroyed during a storm. The Eddystone Lighthouse, off the coast of Cornwall, is a famous beacon. º LERGYMEN WHO OFFICIATED AT ROYAL THANKSGIVING SERVICE.-We see in this picture a group of the highest dignitaries in England—the group of clergy who officiated at the Royal Thanksgiving Service in honor of the Queen's Jubilee, held in Westminster Abbey, in 1887. Those wearing embroidered robes are Bishops—the title of the highest order of clergy in the Christian church; those at the ends wearing less elaborate robes are Archdeacons, the ecclesiastical dignitaries whose jurisdiction is immediately subordinate to that of the Bishop. Behind, in quite plain robes, are the Chaplains to the Bishops. Quite in the center, wearing a small cap, is Dr. Bradley, the Dean of Westminster. Next to him, to the left as we look at the picture, stands the Archbishop of Canterbury, with head uncovered and holding a book in his hand. Next to the end, on the left, is Archdeacon Farrar, whose face is perhaps better known to Americans than any of the others. The fourth from the left is the Archbishop of York. Next to the Dean of Westminster, on the right, is Dr. Temple, Bishop of London, wearing an immense collar of ermine. Behind him, with head uncovered, is the Canon Cheadle. Behind the Bishop of London, on the other side, is the Reverend Flood Jones, but we are able to see only his head. Next to the end, on the right of the picture, is Canon Price. There are twenty-nine Bishops in England and twelve in Ireland. There are but two Archbishops in England, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York. £MPLE OF JUPITER, BAALBER, SYRIA.— The Temple of Jupiter stands upon the same platform with the Temple of the Sun at Baalbek, near the Mountains of Lebanon. Although it is considerably smaller, it is the most perfect ruin of all ancient temples in Palestine. It is considerably larger than the Pantheon at Athens, and is often compared to it by travelers in its style of architecture. It is about 225 feet long and 120 feet wide. It had fifteen beautifully-wrought columns on each side, about 40 feet high. Nothing in the city excels the delicacy and skill displayed in the carvings on the architraves, pilasters, panels and cornices. The scrolls of acanthus leaves, with figures of children, singly and in groups, intertwined with the forms of panthers, have been extensively copied in the finest buildings of the world. The keystone in the doorway, which fell during the earthquake of 1759, was II feet high, 12 feet thick and 6 feet through. Upon it was carved, with marvelous fidelity to nature, a large eagle with outspread wings, holding in its claws a staff and in its beak twisted garlands. This spread-eagle, with its streaming ribbons, is the one most usually copied in patriotic designs. The building has been used as a fortress during many wars, and has also been robbed of its finest carvings. The ruins of the Temple of Jupiter, like those of the Temple of the Sun, are scattered about through a region about two miles square, which was formerly inclosed by a massive wall. Broken statues of gods and heroes lie scattered about in the rubbish and thickets. ABYLONIAN MARRIAGE MARKET.-Edwin Long was born at Bath, in 1829, and studied painting under J. Phillip, in London. In 1857 he went to Spain for the purpose of studying the works of Velasquez, and spent considerable time in Madrid and Seville. Seventeen years later he made an extended tour through Egypt and Syria, studying localities and archaeological remains for subsequent use upon canvas. From the material gained during these two journeys Long has made his pictures and his reputation. His most -- successful historical paintings are, “An Egyptian Feast,” “The Assyrian Captive,” “An Ancient Custom,” and “The Babylonian Marriage Market,” the subject of this sketch. It depicts a striking and not unusual scene in ancient Babylon. A dozen female captives are being sold as wives to the highest bidder. While awaiting their turn they are seated in characteristic attitudes in a row facing the ºpectators. A female slave is withdrawing the drapery from one who is already upon the dais to be bidden for. Note the various expressions of the human wares for sale, from the form bowed with grief or shame at the extreme right, to the lump of vanity who gazes at her own image in a hand-glass at the opposite end of the row. This remarkable picture brought, at the Hermon sale, in 1875, the large price of $33,000. Long has also considerable reputation as a portrait painter, and was made a member of the Royal Academy in 1876. Babylon, the city in which this scene is supposed to have taken place, was at one time the capital of a great Asiatic empire and the metropolis of the world. It lay on both banks of the Euphrates River, and was surrounded by a brick wall forming a square, the distance around which was 56 miles. The thickness of the wall was 85 feet, and the height 335 feet. On the wall were 250 towers, arranged along the edges. The population was at least 1,500,000, and might have been much greater. Extensive remains of Babylon still exist. BERHOFEN, LAKE THUN, AND STOCKHORN MOUNTAINS, SWITZERLAND.—Our photograph illustrates a view of Oberhofen, a lovely Swiss village on Lake Thun, near the center of that mountainous region known as Berner Ober/and, about 20 miles southeast of Berne, Lake Thun, Io miles long, 2 miles wide and I,896 feet above the level of the sea, is one of the twin lakes which regulate the upper course of the redoubtable Aar, the second largest river in Switzerland, which rises in the Bernese Mountains and carries the waters of fourteen cantons to the Rhine. The background of our picture affords a view of the Stockhorn Mountains, with their “perspectives of pleasant glades” and lofty summits, covered with a white drapery of snow, and having the look of an aerial fortress hanging like a mirage between heaven and earth. Their abrupt turnings, their domes of snow, and obelisks and pyramids of ice, present a picture of measureless grandeur and sublimity, in no sense less fascinating and inspiring than when those Alpine defiles echoed with “the first cry of awakening, and the first challenge of triumphant liberty.” - LION, LAKE LEMAN, SWITZERLAND.—When tourists who are weary of the incessant round of travel want to rest, and enjoy the beauties of Nature and the grandeur of Alpine scenery without working too hard for it, they go to Glion. Situated at the southern end of Lake Geneva, in the beautiful Pays de Vand, it commands from its lofty situation a most comprehensive and Lake Leman extends like a glittering crescent towards the north. Directly below are the red-tiled roofs of a dozen pretty towns, with their surrounding fields and vineyards, while remote and pure as crystal is the snowy summit of the Dent du Midi. Glion used to be a simple little village, with a winding street shady with chestnut trees, and reached from Montreux by a path entrancing view. There were no luxurious hotels, and no exacting visitors to fill them; nothing but pure air, plenty of goats' milk, grapes, in their season, and glorious flowers. The narcissus especially grows in such profusion that the fields appear to be covered with snow, and the perfume haunts not only the air, but the milk and butter produced there. Too many people have seen and loved Glion. Now there are hotels and the pneumatic inclined railway shown in the picture, and crowds go every winding up the side of the mountain. - - - year where formerly there was but a handful, - ISMEER, NEAR GRINDELWALD, SWITZERLAND.—Eismeer is the German equivalent of Mer de Glace, both meaning a “Sea of Ice;” but the glacier to which the name Eismeer is applied is not the one that creeps down the side of Mont Blanc, but is found in the Canton of Berne. Grindelwald is famous for its two glaciers, the upper and the lower, and the latter accumulates in a large basin of neve before it descends into the valley. This forms the sea, or lake, of ice, and a visit to it is very interesting. From the inn on the Baregg, 5,400 feet high, a fine survey of the glacier may be had. Near the Eismeer is the stone chalet of Zasenberg, 6,000 feet high, surrounded by pastures and occupied by shepherds in the summer. Far below the point reached by our guides in the picture, all vegetation has disappeared, and on every side tower huge and wild masses of ice. The view is bounded by the imposing summits of the Eiger, Schreckhorner and Fiescherhorner, all fine peaks belonging to the Bernese Oberland. When a glacier is to be crossed, the party is roped together, so that should one slip into a crevasse, or deep crack in the ice, the others may pull him out. One guide, armed with pickax and alpenstock, and sometimes with a ladder, goes ahead and cuts steps in the ice for those who follow him. On the whole, the Swiss guides are a set of honest, brave and often intelligent men, who discharge the duties of their arduous and dangerous calling with great skill and fidelity. | I OMBS OF THE MAMELUKES, CAIRO.--When Genghis Khan overwhelmed Europe in the thirteenth century and carried numbers of the inhabitants into slavery, the Sultan of Egypt bought 12,000 of them, had them instructed in martial exercises, and made a regular corps of them. Under his successor they overturned the government, murdered the Sultan, and made one of their number Sultan of Egypt. The rule of the Mamelukes lasted for 263 years. Southeast of Cairo lie the Mameluke Tombs, in a state of ruin, not one of them being entire. The minarets are perfect in beauty and the domes handsome. Who were their founders or what their dates is uncertain, but they belong to the period of the Babarite Memlook Sultans. They are shown in the picture on the left. MOSQUE OF THE SULTAN KALAOON, CAIRO-Two mosques, one the mausoleum of E1 Melek el Mansoor Kalaoon, form part of the once renowned Muristan, or mad-house and hospital, built by that prince. Each of them is highly interesting. The entrances are right and left of a long passage, with an open roof, into which you go below a fine portal ornamented with black and white marble. The mausoleum is in a better state of preservation than most of the mosques of Cairo. In the center is the tomb, guarded by a wooden screen, around which four granite pillars support an octagonal structure with pointed arches. The walls are adorned with inlaid stones, one of the patterns being the name of Mahomet repeated four times, so as to make a square. This mosque is much visited, especially on Saturdays, by sick persons. - - ATIONAL Monum ENT, THE HAGUE, HOLLAND.—The monument on the left was erected in 1869, commemorative of the restoration of the Dutch independence in 1813, and the return of William Frederick, Prince of Orange and Nassau, from England. It is surmounted by a fine bronze figure typifying Holland Victorious, while another bronze figure of the Prince stands with uplifted arm on the front of the pedestal. The monument was designed by Pieterzen and the bronze figures are by Jaquet and Kempen. It stands in the center of the Oval Plein. MONUMENT TO STEIN, BERLIN.—Baron Heinrich Frederick Vom Stein was a celebrated Prussian statesman, born at Nassau in 1757. Having been appointed president of the Westphalian Chambers in 1796, he displayed superior administrative talents. He was minister of commerce, customs, etc., at Berlin, from 1804 to 1807, and became prime minister after the peace of Tilsit. He helped to abolish feudal privileges, and reorganized the political system of Prussia on a more liberal basis. These and other reforms constituted what is called “Stein's System.” The enmity of Napoleon caused Stein to be removed from office and exiled. He retired from public life in 1815, and died in 1831. Twenty-four years after his death his appreciative countrymen erected this fine monument to his memory. It stands in the Donhoff Platz, opposite the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, and was designed by Schievelbein and Hagen. I Hiſ TEYLER MUSEUM, HAARLEM, HOLLAND.-Haarlem is not on the frequented route for European tourists, but it is well worth visiting, with it - architecture, its sabot-shod peasant women and its tulip-fields. One cannot know what the cultivation of tulips means until after a visit to º F º ..". Dutch florins (about $20,000) has been paid for a single rare bulb. Among other interesting things to be seen in this old Dutch city is the Te 1er Museum. orty-four thousand promotion of learning. It was founded by an opulent merchant, after whom it is named, Pieter Teyler Van der Hulst, born 1702, died 1778 *. .." * for the paintings by Dutch artists; a remarkable collection of prints or engravings, and is especially rich in the works of A. Ostade. There is isoame º º ams a few good among the latter, one or two remarkable specimens which, Cuvier has said, have added greatly to the store of human knowledge of prehistoric animals. One .."." and fossils; a fossil saurian, which was discovered in the celebrated quarries at Maestricht, in 1766, and presented to the museum. There is also a libraryi - - these is the jaw of and a laboratory well stored with philosophical instruments. y in connection with this institution, P2 º & - of RE DAME CATHEIDRAI, PARIS.–This cathedral stands upon ground that was once the site of a Roman temple. A church dedicated to St. Stephen is said to have been erected upon the same spot about 365, but the cathedral itself was built during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is 426 feet long by 164 feet wide, and has five naves running the whole length of the building. The central fleche, which was only recently restored, is 312 feet high. The principal facade, one of the most beautiful that has come down to us from the middle ages, is worthily crowned by two massive square towers. The transept has also two facades which, while less imposing, are more richly decorated with chisel work. It is in the Gothic style. The aisles around the choir are paved with stone and black marble. An immense vault extending the entire length of the building, was constructed in 1666, for the interment of chaplains. The organ is 45 feet high and 36 feet wide, and has 3,484 pipes. The arches are pointed and the piers are circular pillars. The pillars of the aisles are alternately circular and clustered. The interior of the cathedral is not so rich in decorations as the exterior, though the columns, arches, stained-glass windows and wood-carvings inside are exceedingly beautiful and interesting. The chapels contain a number of monuments and fine frescoes. One of the towers has a bell brought as a trophy from Sebastopol, and the other has the great Bourbon de Notre Dame, one of the largest bells in the world. THE ZEPHYR, CUPLD FISHING. THE CLOSED FLOWER. ATHEDRAI, STRASBURG, GERMANY.-The Strasburg Cathedral, on the left, is one of the noblest Gothic edifices existing. It was begun in IoI5, on the site of an earlier church built by Clovis in 496. The structure of the church is only describable by means of a picture. Words can convey no idea of the massive proportions, the rich windows, and the light and delicate stonework. The most remarkable object of interest inside the church is the wonderful Strasburg clock. The hours are struck by a figure of Death, while a boy, a youth, a man and an old man represent the quarters. The quarters are struck by an angel, while a genius reverses the hour-glass. In an upper recess is a figure of Christ, and at twelve o'clock the twelve Apostles issue from a side door and pass before the Christ, making obeisance; then a figure of a cock flaps its wings and crows. CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME, CHARTRES, FRANCE:-This beautiful church, with its two unequal bell towers, the largest 400 feet high, its three rose windows 40 feet in diameter, and its stately statues, merits a lengthy description. It has been partially destroyed by fire and rebuilt three times since its erection in the ninth century. The west front, as it now stands, bears a triple portal of pointed arches. Above the door is the image of Christ in a noval, with the symbols of the four evangelists around. The rose window in the west front is a chef-d'oeuver in itself, illustrating not only Bible scenes, but different trades, showing that their guilds were probably donors of the window. ſº ALTMARKT, DRESIDEN.-Dresden, the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, is situated in a richly cultivated and beautiful valley, on both sides of the River Elbe. On the left bank is the Alstadt, on the right the Neustadt. Three fine stone bridges here span the Elbe and connect the different divisions of the city. The old bridge, also called the Augustus Bridge, was built in the thirteenth century, restored in the eighteenth, and partly blown up by Marshal Davoust in 1813. It is 1,420 feet long and has sixteen arches. It is most solidly constructed, so as to resist the force of the spring freshets of the Elbe, which, during the time of melting ice, often rises very suddenly and has a current of great violence. This bridge was originally built with money raised by the sale of dispensations from the Pope for eating butter and eggs during Lent. From its center one of the best views of the city can be obtained. Half a mile below is a still finer bridge, over which passes a railway connecting all the routes leading to and from the city. On account of its delightful situation and the many objects of interest it contains, Dresden has been called “the German Florence.” The Altmarkt (Old Market), a view of which is given on this page, is an interesting part of Dresden. The statue shown is a figure of Germania, erected in memory of the Franco-Prussian War. It was modeled by Henze and executed in Carrara marble, by Cellai. On the pedestal are allegorical figures of Peace, National Defence, Science, and Enthusiasm. º I HE WINE-CELLAR.—In this picture we see a reproduction of a painting now in the Galleria Moderna, by a prominent and rising Florentine artist, Francesco Vinea. It bears a strong resemblance to several other works from his brush, partly because the costumes in all of them are those of the sixteenth or seventeenth century, and partly because the men and women in one look very much like those in another. In fact, they sometimes seem to be the same in face and dress, the attitudes and surroundings alone being different. Music, love and wine are prominently represented in all of them. The best that can be said of the subject of this picture, as of the others of the same kind, is that it is coarse; the worst that can be said of the manner in which the artist has performed his work is that it indicates genius and a high degree of skill. Three friends, two of them young men, the other past middle age, have met to pass the hours away in a wine-cellar kept by two pretty sisters. The time is spent in drinking and boisterous merriment, enlivened by music. The artist has given the closest attention to the minutest details. The strong light in the foreground reveals objects with marked distinctness; but farther back in the cellar only the faint outlines of a wine-barrel can be seen. Vinea was born at Forli, in central Italy, in 1846. The place of his birth has produced a number of famous men. His paintings command the highest prices, and are often sold long before they are begun. TTEMPT AT A RECONCILIATION.—BY PIO RICCI.-This picture, of which our photograph is an excellent a reproduction, is a most charming one, and a good specimen of the style and composition of the artist Pio Ricci. The whole story is told by the position of the figures. He-the young husband, probably—is leaving in a pet, since his wife refuses to become reconciled after their quarrel. The old lady, with an appreciation of the humor of the situation, has caught his hand in order to draw him back, and seems to say: “Forget, forgive; conclude, and be agreed.” We can easily prophesy a happy ending to this lovers' quarrel, and can as easily imagine the beautiful coloring which there must be in the textures of the decorations and the costumes. The details are all good. From a work-box on the table a bit of lace hangs down, and even the candle with its drippings of wax is faithfully portrayed. The pose of the figure in the foreground and its drapery are admirable. IELD OF WATERLOO, BELGIUM.–Waterloo is celebrated as the scene of the greatest battle of modern times, fought on the eighteenth of June, 1815, by Napoleon and the Duke of Wellington. The illustration represents the monuments which commemorate this event. The mound of the Belgian Lion in the center is 200 feet in height and was erected upon the spot where the Prince of Orange was wounded during the battle. The Lion was cast by Cockerill, of Liege, with the metal of captured French cannon, and is said to weigh twenty-eight tons. The French soldiers, on their march to Antwerp, in 1832, hacked off a part of the tail, but Marshal Gerard protected the monument from further injury. The Obelisk was erected to the memory of the Hanoverian officers of the German Legion, among whose names that of the gallant Ompteda stands first. Opposite to it rises a pillar to the memory of Colonel Gordon, bearing a touching inscription. Both these monuments stand on the original level of the ground, which has here been considerably lowered to furnish materials for the mound of the Lion. The mound commands a magnificent panorama of the battle-field. With this battle the star of Napoleon set forever, and that transcendent military genius, before whose prowess the thrones of Europe had tottered and fallen, was now to be a lonely exile on a barren rock in mid-ocean, nevermore to lead his legions to victory. This battle closed that long series of wars that had devastated Europe, but had given to France a military prestige greater than any she ever had had before. The Battle of Waterloo marks the close of a series of events which, beginning with the French Revolution, had deluged Europe with blood, and raised upon its ruins a military despotism, with Napoleon as its central figure. c ALACE OF THE NATION, BRUSSELS.–Brussels, the capital of Belgium, the residence of the royal family and the seat of gºvernment, abounds in, beautiful buildings. The Palace of the Nation, shown in our illustration, is among the most imposing of the structures devoted to public purposes. It was erected in 1779–83, from a design by the celebrated architect Guimard, for the assemblies of the old council of Brabant, and was used as the palace of the States General from 1817 to 1830. It is at present the regular place of assembly for the sittings of the Belgian Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The pediment is adorned with very beautiful allegorical designs made by Godecharle in 1782, and illustrative of the administration of Justice. The interior of the main building was entirely destroyed by fire in 1883. THEATER ROYAL. BRUSSELS--Our illustration represents the splendid structure dedicated to dramatic art, and which is known as the Royal Theater de la Monnaie. It is an imposing structure, fronted by a colonnade of the Ionic order of architecture, designed by the Parisian architect, Damesne, in 1817. The tympanum contains an exquisite bas-relief executed by Simonis in 1854, and represents the histrionic expression of the human passions. In the center, Harmony surrounded by allegorical figures of heroic, idyllic, lyric and satiric poetry. On the left, Love, Discord. Repentance and Murder. On the right, Lust, Covetousness, Falsehood, Hope, Grief and Consolation. The interior, which was remodeled after a fire in 1855, is decorated in the Louis XIV. style and seats 2,000 spectators. - - º Tºº Tºº Tºmº º AINZER SCHLOSS, VIENNA.—This photograph places before us one of the numerous beautiful and costly palaces to be seen in Wien, as the Austrians call their capital = city. A glance at the picture is sufficient to show that the structure is in every respect a magnificent one. The architecture is most beautiful, the materials the finest, and the ornamentation so elaborate that the whole seems a vast and splendid work of art. At either end of the palace we can catch a glimpse of the dense foliage of the great forest trees by which the surrounding grounds are shaded. In front of the entrance we get a clearer view of the beautiful lawn, artistically laid out in walks and driveways. The shrubbery, statuary and beds of flowers are tastefully arranged, and produce a fine effect. So perfectly has the camera done its work that we can distinctly see the different shades of marble of which the palace is constructed, and the delicate and beautiful figures that have been wrought by means of combinations. We can even distinguish between the dark green of the shrubbery and the brighter green of the grass; and the various hues of the flowers are so nearly reproduced by light and shade that we could almost guess their names. From the clock that surmounts the building we can easily tell the hour and minute at which the photograph was made. The palace stands on a terrace a few feet higher than the surrounding grounds. Two handsome, graceful figures are seated above the entrance. Tułkish LADY OF RANK.—This picture shows us an inmate of the harem of a Turkish nobleman. The life of a woman in Turkey, as well as in all Mohammedan countries, differs very greatly from the life of a woman in Christian lands. Among the Moslems the women are practically slaves. Few of them are able to read. At the age of twelve a girl has learned how to cook, sew and gossip, and is ready to be married. After marriage she is subject at all times to the will of her husband. The most of her life is spent inside the harem walls, where no man except her husband is permitted to enter. If she appears in public her face must be closely veiled. In the harem with her are numerous other women, all wives of the same man. Their time is largely spent in sleeping, smoking and quarreling; frequently several of them intrigue together for the purpose of alienating the affections of their common husband from some new favorite whom he has recently introduced among them. The moment a man tires of a wife he can send her away. His will is the only law of divorce. The Koran allots one third of Paradise to good women; but most Turkish men interpret this in their own way and exclude all their wives from Heaven. Many of the harems kept by wealthy Turks are splendidly furnished. Rich carpets or rugs cover the floors; there are luxurious divans, heavy silverware, the finest cut glass, magnificent chandeliers, and wonderful mirrors. The favorite wives of the harem are arrayed in beautiful and costly garments, their hands, arms, throats and ears sparkling with jewels. Every luxury that money can provide is lavished upon them—save only the luxury of being free and intelligent. EIDELBERG CASTLE, GERMANY.-The chief building at Heidelberg, and indeed its chief attraction for strangers, is this famous castle. It is situated on the Castlehill, more properly called the Jettenbuhel, 330 feet above the Neckar, a confluent of the Rhine. It was begun about the end of the thirteenth century. Elector Rupert greatly improved it, and erected the Rupert's building in the early part of the fifteenth century. Succeeding electors of the palatinate did much for it, especially Frederick V. It suffered greatly during the thirty years' war (1612–1648), but was restored by Charles Louis (1650–1680). It was dismantled by the French in 1689, and again in 1693. In 1764 it was struck by lightning, took fire and its destruction completed. The chief parts of the castle are Rupert's building; the octagonal tower; Otto Henry's building (said to be the finest example of Renaissance architecture in Germany); Frederick's building, the finest part, forming the northern portion of the whole, and adorned with a large number of imposing statues. Entire walls still remain, some of which are roofed in to admit of being applied to use. This is the case with the central front, which was not materially injured by the fire. It is now occupied as a museum of pictures and of relics of antiquity. Its vast extent, its magnificence, its beautiful situation, its interesting history, render it by far the most noteworthy, as it certainly is the grandest and largest, of the old castles of Germany. HE SCHONE BRUNNEN, NUREMBERG-This picture, perhaps more than any other in the collection, seems to take us back to the Middle Ages; for Nuremberg was founded in Ioso, and more than any other town in Germany keeps it medieval appearance. The Shone Brunnen—literally beautiful fountain—was erected in 1385–96, by Meister Heinrich der Balier, and was completely restored in 1821. It is a Gothic pyramid 63 feet in height, and adorned with numerous figures. The statues below represent seven electors and nine heroes— Charlemagne, Godfrey de Bouillon, Clovis, Judas Maccabaeus, Joshua, David, Caesar, Alexander, Hector. The statues above represent Moses and the seven prophets. On the northwest side of the iron railing around the fountain is a small movable iron ring, which the traveling apprentices of Germany regard as the cognizance of the city. The church to the left is the Frauen-Kirche, erected in 1354–61. It has a beautiful facade, and the portico, with its rich sculpturing was added at a later date. The high altar-piece, a winged picture on a gold ground, is the finest work of the Nuremberg school in the first half of the fifteenth century. The interior also contains specimens of the art of Adam Krafft and of Wohlgemuth. - TUDIO OF EDOURDI GELLI, ON THE VIA MARSILIO FICINO, FLORENCE.-Modern taste ignores almost entirely the old esthetic and religious aspects of art and confines itself a great deal to the delineation of subjects taken more from the realm of real life, and aims at naturalism. This modern spirit has produced an entirely new school of Italian painting and sculpture, and present-day art has its distinguished laborers in this new field of artistic effort. Amongst the painters of this school, Edourdi Gelli occupies a high rank. He is endowed by Nature with so wonderful a facility of design, and such a keen sense of color, that his methods of composition are highly original. His intellectual range, subtle humor and general refinement of style, added to his technical skill, seem likely to place him at the head of the picturesque-historical school of modern painters. He paints directly upon the canvas without making cartoons or studies, drawing rapidly with his brush, finishing each portion as he goes along, never beginning a new subject until the one in hand is finished. Distinguished art critics have said that Gelli's work is destined to take as high a position as those of Fortuny or Meissonier. With Gelli every effort is a study for something superior to the last, and his progress has been surprisingly rapid. To consummate manipulation of his colors, he adds a refined selection and treatment of subjects, C. HRIST BEARING THE CROSS—BY RAPHAEL.—“Christ Bearing the Cross” is one of Raphael's most celebrated paintings. It was painted when he was in the frivolous society of the Rome of Leo X., so we see how serious his studies must have been. The subject is treated with warmth and eloquence, and is far more pathetic than his “Entombment,” with which it is often compared. Eugene Muntz, an authority on Raphael, says of this picture: “The figures we see in the foreground form but the tail of the procession which winds into the distance through the undulating landscape. The artist has chosen the moment when Christ is sinking beneath his burden, and the Virgin, overcome with grief, helplessly stretches out her arms to her son. The expression of these two faces is admirable; in that of Christ a touching resignation is combined with the physical suffering, while the mother's features, on the other hand, show nothing but grief. The despair of the holy women is rendered with no less eloquence, and forms a most striking contrast to the roughness of the executioners, whose muscular frames are emphasized by the artist, as if to accent the brutal nature of the triumph as much as possible.” The picture is also noted for the vicissitudes through which it has passed. It was executed by Raphael for the monastery of Santa-Maria-della-Spasimo at Palermo. The ship on which it was taken encountered a fearful storm and was shipwrecked. The story goes that nothing escaped but the picture, which was entirely unharmed. The pope returned it to the monks, who sold it, in the seventeenth century, to Philip IV. Ever since it has formed a part of the royal collections at Madrid. OYAL. SLEIGH, KING LOUIS OF BAVARIA.-The relics of royalty are always interesting, but when a king loses his scepter and becomes a broken-down monarch, such relics have a melancholy interest attached to them. One of the most interesting rulers who have surrendered their crowns during this century is King Louis of Bavaria. He was really an amiable old gentleman, not very strong in the head, but with no very great faults. Ordinary men sow their wild oats pretty early—say by thirty-five or forty—but poor Louis committed his worst follies at sixty, after twenty-one years of peaceful and prosperous reign. He was very fond of the fair sex, and delighted to entertain them and grant their every wish. He was also very fond of sleighing, and had constructed at enormous cost this highly ornamental sleigh, in which to gratify his rather harmless taste in that direction. Nor can we blame him much, for who does not delight to wrap himself in a warm robe, and even in an ordinary sleigh, glide behind a swift horse over the glassy, smooth snow? Nothing can compare in poetic grace with the sleigh as it slips noiselessly along, with no other sound than the airy syllable of the bells as they tinkle in the icy air of night. And a sleigh-ride in such an equipage as this must have been a thing long to be remembered. How the King must have flashed by, muffled close in brilliant skins, and how the crowds must have shouted with far-resounding hilarity as the Royal Sleigh passed by. º º - --- ºlº. - --- --- - - º º tº º º º - |ºl. ONUMENT TO LEOPOLD I., BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.–Located in the midst of a beautiful park set apart as pleasure-grounds, and standing on an eminence overlooking the park, is an elegant monument erected to the memory of Leopold I., King of Belgium. The monument was completed in 1889, and is surmounted by a lofty Gothic canopy resting on massive round pillars, somewhat in the style of the Albert Memorial in London. Upon the apex of the tower is a winged figure of Victory bearing the flag of Belgium. The statue is a lifelike representation of the king, and is by the celebrated sculptor, W. Geefs. The king stands in an attitude of repose, his right hand resting upon the constitution and holding in his left a military cloak. A winding staircase ascends to the base of the spire, and from this position a fine view of the city is obtained. Port E. DE HAL, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.-This interesting relic of medieval days is located at the southern extremity of the innertown, and is the sole remnant now existing of the ancient fortifications of the city. It was erected in 1381, and is noted as the Bastile of Belgium, having been the scene of many atrocities during the Belgian reign of terror. It is a huge square structure with three vaulted chambers, one above the other, and a projecting tower. The interior was fitted up in 1847 as a Museum of Weapons and Antiquities, and contains much of the paraphernalia of war used in the Middle Ages. Besides this there are numerous works of art covering various periods up to the eighteenth century. 3. HIATER OF BAccHUS, ATHENS, GREECE.—This theater is situated on the eastern slope of the Acropolis in Athens. The ruins are well preserved. In earlier times the theaters of Athens were built of wood, but the fall of one of these caused the erection of a marble theater on the site above described, which had been already consecrated to Dionysus, or Bacchus. The building was doubtless a simple structure with an auditorium, an orchestra and tiers of rock-hewn seats; the stage, with its furniture, was of wood. The traveler of to-day sees the original seats, with a row of marble thrones designated by letters cut into the marble, for the occupancy of state officials and various orders of priests. The orchestra floor, the elaborate masonry of the stage and other interesting features are also preserved. These decorations are, however, supposed to have been the work of a later age. The original theater was completed under the administration of Lycurgus, 337 B. C. Excavations made in 1862 brought to light the present remains. The restoration of the theater, with its sculptures as now seen, was probably the work of the second or third century A. D. Bacchus is the noisy or riotous god; he is also regarded as the god of tragic art and the protector of theaters. - ATE To IMPERIAI, PALACE, DOLMA BAGTCHE.-The palace at Dolma Bagtche is the winter home of the Sultan of Turkey. It is situated on the Bosporus, in the city of Pera, and is the largest marble mole that is reflected in the waters of the strait between Seraglio Point and the mouth of the Black Sea. The facade, nearly half an Italian mile in length (about 2,800 feet), is turned toward Asia, and can be seen a great distance, shining white between the blue of the sea and the dark green of the hill upon which it is located. The palace is what would be called a multiform edifice, as the different parts are unconnected, presenting a confusion of styles, the Arabic, Greek, Gothic, Turkish, Roman and Renaissance, all mingled together. The tout ensemble, however, is rich and impressive, and so replete with a magnificent profusion and perfection of ºrchitectonic effects, that it seems almost impossible that a quiet Armenian architect could have conceived it. From every side of these snow-white royal buildings, enameled like Jewels, open divine views of the Bosporus, whose invigorating air spreads through all the recesses of the royal pile a delicious freshness from the sea. The interior corresponds to the exterior—a perfect maze of bewildering conceits and fabulous splendor. The gate illustrated in our photograph is monumental and highly ornamented, and seen from the foot of the hill, looks like a triumphal arch. - - Nile. Kait Bey, from whom it takes its name, was one of the last independent Mameluke sultans of Egypt. By his diplomacy and generalship he offered successful resistance to the Turks, inflicting severe losses on their armies; and it was not till after he had been deposed that they obtained control of Egypt. During the latter part of his reign he became unpopular with the Mamelukes, who had raised him to power. They refused to carry out his undertakings, and finally compelled him to abdicate in favor of his son, a boy of fourteen years. The Mosque of Kait Bey, like many of the other buildings of its period, was seriously damaged by a long period of neglect and decay, and was only recently rescued from becoming a complete ruin. It is seventy-eight feet long and sixty-six feet wide. The attics have mostly fallen in, but a graceful minaret still remains. The door is forty-five feet high, and covered with bronze. The principal arches, which approach a horseshoe shape, are beautifully ornamented. The pavements and walls are covered with fine mosaics. The mambar, or pulpit, is richly embellished with wood-carving. Opposite to the kibla, or place of prayer, is a gallery reached by the staircase to the minaret. Mºº OF KAIT BEY, CAIRO.-This structure is small, but was once very handsome. It is situated in the southwestern part of the city, at no great distance from the HE SHECHEM PENTATEUCH.—This is a photograph of an old and very remarkable manuscript, now preserved at Nablus, the ancient Shechem, in Samaria. It is a roll of yellowish-brown parchment, ragged, patched, and discolored by age, and about fifteen inches wide. The rods on which it is rolled project on each side so as to protect the parchment. The writing is in the Samaritan characters, gold being used instead of ink. The manuscript is a copy of the Samaritan Pentateuch, and dºers materially from the jewish Pentateuch, from which the first five books of our English Bible are translated. The Samaritans claim that this roll was made in the thirteenth year after the Children of Israel took possession of Palestine, about 3,000 years ago. This is believed to be false, though its age is not thought to be less than a thousand years. PALMYRA, SYRIA.—We have here a picture of the ruins of Palmyra, once a great and splendid city, founded by Solomon, and known as “Tadmor in the Desert.” The site of the ruins is an oasis in the Syrian Desert, about 150 miles northeast of Damascus. The city owed its prominence to the fact that it was on the route followed by caravans between the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf. Its greatest prosperity was reached in the third century of our era, during the reign of the beautiful Zenobia. But this queen refused to acknowledge the Roman supremacy, and was taken as a captive to Rome, her armies having been defeated and her city destroyed. The ruins of Palmyra were first made known to the modern world in 1691. They consist of countless columns of white marble extending for a mile and a half, a great number of tomb towers, and the remains of a splendidtemple. ERUSALEM FROM THE MOUNT of olives. The most commanding point from which to view the holy city is to-day, as it always has been, the Mount of Olives. This sacred elevation is situated a little distance east of Jerusalem, and from almost any position on its ridge, extending a long distance north and south, a good view of the C city can be had. No other point surpasses that which the traveler reaches on his way from Bethany, where the road makes a sharp turn and the city, in all its beauty, bursts suddenly upon the view. Standing here to-day, the scene is inspiring. The three paths leading from the valley of the Kedron up the slopes of Olivet are distinctly marked. The spot that tradition points out as Gethsemane nestles in solemn beauty on the mountain side, while its venerable gnarled olive trees fill you with awe. Before you is the eastern wall of the Temple Area, with the “Beautiful Gate,” now closed; inside rises the lofty dome of the Mosque of Omar, glistening in the sunlight; the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Tower of David, the Hill of Zion, with its Caenaculum, and the more modern Hospices outside the western gate of the city, together with multiplied minor structures, all meet the eye, forming a picture of rare interest and beauty. But far surpassing the view of modern Jerusalem was that which met the eyes of Jesus and the twelve on the morning of his triumphant entry into the city, preceded and followed by the shouting multitudes. There, on her holy hills, sat like a queen the City of the Great King. There rose in stately beauty the matchless Temple, afire with the glow of the morning sun. There, too, were the towering castles and the sumptuous palace of Herod, and the green parks and the bustling city all aglow with life. Jesus himself was overpowered by the view, and broke forth in that memorable lament over the certain passing away - of all this surpassing glory. The Crusaders, many centuries later, standing on this very spot, gave vent to their enthusiasm in a loud cry, “Jerusalem! Jerusalem!” - º HE VISION OF ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI.-None but those fortunate enough to have seen the original * painting can conceive of the soft, mellow, yet rich tints of the clouds and the radiant celestial light, in this picture. The figure of the Infant Savior appears in the center of a golden roseate haze, around which float myriads of seraphs and cherubs, while St. Francis, in a supplicating attitude below, receives the holy manifestation with thanksgiving and praise. The legend, of which this picture is the representation, is the foundation of the Order of Franciscan Friars, which has flourished in Italy since the twelfth century. They live on alms alone, being sworn never to own or use any personal property, and wander from place to place in devout meditation. Murillo, the celebrated master, to whose brush we owe this chef-d'oeuvre, was a Spaniard, born at Seville, in 1618. As a colorist he surpassed all artists of his time. His productions are remarkable for originality, fidelity to nature, freedom of touch, softness, splendor, and harmony of color. He was patronized by the King of Spain, and adorned the churches of Madrid, Seville and Cadiz. - º º º - CHINESE P. HIEST.S. - - - CHINESE PLAYING “GO” (CHECKERS.) - º º Wºw ONA, MARIPOSA GROVE, CALIFORNIA.—This magnificent specimen of the big tree (Sequoia giganſea) belongs to the Mariposa Grove, in western California. There are eight or nine groups of these trees, the most famous being known as the Mammoth Grove of Calaveras. This contains about ninety immense trees, stands 4,370 feet above the sea, between the San Antonio and Stanislaus Rivers, and was discovered in 1850. The tallest tree yet discovered measures 352 feet in height; our specimen is 275 feet high and 28 feet in diameter, and its age is probably about 1,300 years. A passageway has been cut through the stem, and a carriage with a pair of horses has no difficulty in entering it. The growth of the mammoth tree is fast when young, but old trees increase with extreme slowness. The timber is not of great value. These trees, although imposing from their vast size, have little beauty, owing to the scant foliage of the short boughs. The big tree belongs to the same belt as the sugar pine, Douglas spruce and pitch pine. It is exclusively limited to California and to the Sierra Nevada, and the only other species of the same genus—the redwood—is peculiarly a coast-range tree. The big tree does not succeed in the Atlantic states. Some are believed to be of vast age, perhaps 3,000 years or more. - - - - UMBIAN EXPOSITION, ATCHICAGO, 1893. T -º-, i. LADIES OF THE ENGLISH COMMITTEE OF THE world's COL I, CAPITAN, YOSEMITE, CALIFORNIA.—This picture is a faithful photographic shadow of this giant battlement of Yosemite Valley. It is a plain, severely simple, glacier-sculptured face of granite, the end of one of the most compact and enduring of the mountain ridges, standing there in supreme height and breadth, and smiling in the midst of the gorgeous splendors of light and shadow which the falling sun casts on it. This granite colossus rises 3,300 feet in almost a perpendicular line, without a visible break through which a squirrel might climb or a sparrow fly, and is bare of all life save here and there a nestling raceme of deer-weed, and the Paleozoic memories that have cast their wrinkles upon it from the earliest seethings of foretime. Its terribly perpendicular distance baffles all visual computation. The mighty pines and firs which grow along its edge seem like mere cilia on the granite lid of the great Valley's upgazing eye. The name of this giant granite dome is supposed to be that of the Valley's tutelar deity, but which a Mission Indian of Spanish dialect has translated “El Capitan,” signifying the idea of Divine authority implied in Tu-toch-anula, the legendary God of the Valley. REXEL, INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA.—The Drexel Institute has been founded by Anthony J. Drexel, of Philadelphia, for the promotion of education in art, science and industry. The chief object of the institute is the extension and improvement of industrial education as a means of opening better and wider avenues of employment to young men and women. It is the founder's desire that the plan of organization should be comprehensive, providing liberal means of culture for the masses by means of lectures, evening classes, library and museum. The institute is situated on Chestnut Street, at the corner of Thirty-second street, the location having been chosen as being the most central and convenient of access from all parts of the city. The building is in the style of the classic Renaissance. It is constructed of light buff brick, with terra-cotta ornamentation of a darker color; the base is of rock-faced granite. The principal entrance is on Chestnut Street, by a richly-decorated portal, 26 feet wide and 35 feet high, which admits to a portico enriched with colored marbles and paneled oak ceiling, and this in turn opens into a spacious entrance-hall, the ceiling of which is supported by pillars of red Georgian marble. Beyond is a great central court, 65 feet square, the entire height of the building, and covered with a decorated ceiling, the center of which is filled with stained glass. A double marble stairway leads from the end of the court, and arcades support and inclose the broad galleries which surround the court on the second and third floors. From these galleries open the class-rooms, laboratories and studios, all of which are lighted from the exterior of the building. The auditorium seats 1,500 persons, and has a fine organ. REXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA.—Within the memory of many Philadelphia was as to its architectural features an old- fashioned Quaker City. The impetus given, however, to improvement by the Centennial Exhibition and the industrial development of the city in more recent years, have caused great advances to be made in architecture. A marked feature of its commercial changes has been the growth of large private banking institutions. Many of the buildings of these institutions are erected in a style of costly magnificence. Of recent private structures of this character, one of the finest is the building shown in our illustration, which is the property of the well-known firm of Drexel & Co., at Fifth and Chestnut Streets. It is a white marble edifice, eight stories in height, containing 460 rooms and covering a floor surface of 190,000 square feet. The ground floor only is occupied by Drexel & Co., the upper portion being rented for offices, - - - º - º "Tºº- º º -- §AMBRIA IRON WORKS, JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.—Our illustration presents a view of one of the largest plants of its kind in the United States. Originally started forty years ago for the production of iron rails, it has been gradually changed to a steel producer exclusively, and now makes steel of almost every variety. The product consists chiefly of steel T rails, with the necessary splice-bars, bolts and nuts; also street rails of various sections. The Gautier Steel Department produces about 8,000 tons per month of merchant bar-steel of all kinds, such as tire, toe-calk, machinery, carriage-springs, railroad-springs, hoe, rake and fork steel, agricultural steel, such as finger-bars, knife-backs, rake-teeth, carrier-teeth, spring harrow-teeth, seat-springs, plow steel, such as flat and finished plow shapes, cold rolled steel shafting, steel harrow discs, barbed-wire fencing, etc. Some idea of the magnitude of the works may be realized by the following statement: The finished steel product of all the works now averages over Looo tons per day, consuming about 5,000 tons per day of raw material, nearly all of which is produced by the company's operations, from its ore mines in Michigan and coal mines and coking plants in the Connelsville district, and other plants in various places. The company employs about 8,000 men, and its pay-rolls average the enormous sum of $350,000 per month. - -> - IRour OF SIOUX INDIANS.–The Sioux, or Dakotas, were originally on the head-waters of the Mississippi, but were gradually driven westward by the advance of civilization till they occupy the region of the Upper Missouri. They are the most extensive of western tribes. There are six great Council Fires, the first four of which are called I-san-to, or People of the Leaves, from their preference for the forest over the prairie. The history of the Sioux nation is a long list of feuds and massacres of the whites, and a record of unparalleled cruelty. Their very title suggests the names of Powder River, the Felterman massacre, Black Hills invasion and General Harney's defeat. It was the Sioux who, under Sitting Bull, exterminated General Custer and his entire command in the memorable disaster on the Little Big Horn River in June, 1876. GROUP OF BIACKFEET INDIANS.—The Indians in the lower picture are a branch of the great Algonquin family. The home of the nation was originally in the far Northwest, between the two streams of the Saskatchewan, two hundred miles west of Lake Winnepeg. At one time, a feud arising among them, a part of the tribe emigrated to the south near the Missouri River; and this migration occurring in the fall, after the prairies had burned over, the soot upon their leggins caused them to be called Blackfeet. Their friends, the Crow Indians, originated this title. There are now about 20,000 Blackfeet in the United States. They pluck out the beard and the hair, except what is reserved for a scalp-lock. of Jerusalem. For the first two hundred years the history of the Knights Templars is the history of the Crusades. After being identified with the chronicles of aii the civilized countries on the globe, and interwoven with the names of princes, soldiers and statesmen for generations, it has at last come down to us at the beginning of the twentieth century, still active, still zealous and beneficent. There is no more stirring scene or one more attractive to the practical American than a street parade such as is depicted above. The scene is Broad Street, Philadelphia. On the left is the Opera House, one of the largest in the United States, with a stage 107 feet long and seating-room for 3,500 people. The street is lined with the typical Philadelphia homes of red brick with white shutters. At the extreme end of the vista we see a portion of the famous and costly City Buildings, which have been the “white elephant” of the Philadelphians for so many years. The “Mary Commandery” is Philadelphia's pet lodge, and the pride taken in its glory is depicted on the faces of the crowd that throng the sidewalk. Kº: TEMPLARS' PARADE, PHILADELPHIA.—The Knights Templars are a military order founded in the twelfth century for the defense of the Latin Kingdom º HIE CAPITOL, WASHINGTON, D. C.—The Capitol stands on the brow of a hill which rises 90 feet above the Potomac River, and covers nearly three and three fourths acres, and the grounds around it comprise forty-six acres. It has a rustic basement supporting an ordonnance of pilasters rising to the top of the two stories above, on which is the entablature, and a marble balustrade surmounts the whole. Its entire length is 726 feet; width, main building, 12.1% feet; of each wing, 239 feet; and of each corridor, 56 feet. Rising like a guardian genius, overlooking the surrounding country, is the great dome, crowned by a huge bronze statue of Freedom, an object of classic symmetry and imposing beauty. This vast sphere of iron weighs 3,576 tons. Nine years were required for its construction, and it cost $1,250,000. At the main entrance to the Capitol is a colossal allegorical group representing the “Genius of America,” and above the door a laurel-crowned bust of Washington cut in stone. On the big bronze door, weighing 20,000 pounds, are designs in high relief representing events in the life of Columbus and the discovery of the American continent. The interior is profusely decorated with historical and allegorical paintings and figures. The corner-stone of the Capitol was laid by Washington, September 18, 1793. When the British troops invaded the city, August 24, 1814, “this citadel of Yankee Democracy” was burned, but the walls were saved. From the ruins arose the magnificent structure seen in our photograph, costing over $15,000,ooo, and surpassing in classic profile any architectural pile in the world. P4 -> ASHINGTON MONUMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C.—This shaft, the loftiest artificial structure in the world, is a national memorial to the “Father of His Country.” Its - erection was approved by congress in the latter part of December, 1799, only a few weeks after the death of General Washington. The project remained in ºt Stat until 1833, when prominent persons undertook to raise the necessary funds by subscription for its erection, resulting in a fund of $230,000. The corner-stone was laid jul I848 Le accordance with Masonic rites. During the following eight years the shaft was carried to the height of 156 feet, when work was suspended for lack of funds cºº ; its completion 1876, reaching the pyramidian, or roof of the shaft, in August, 1884. It was dedicated with imposing ceremonies on February 22, 1885. Its height jº foundation, is 592 feet. The base is 55 feet 1% inches square. At a height of 500 feet from the ground the four sides of the monument are 35 feet wide. This s dare forms . base of the pyramidal top, which terminates in a metallic point constructed of the largest piece of aluminum ever made. The lower portion is constructed of blue º and #. º of *. º º memorial jº". º by States and cities of the United States, by foreign countries, and by various societies, form a part . e interior lining, all properly inscribed and so arranged as to be plainly seen in ascending the monument. The total c - “the world's greatest cenotaph” is beautiful beyond conception. P y -> total cost was about $1,500,000. The prospect from the top of - - - --- - - Tºkee STATUES IN THE CAPITOI, AT WASHINGTON.—In the Old Hall of Representatives in the Capitol at Washington are the three statues seen in the picture on this page. When Senator Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont, was a member of the House, he suggested that this hall be used as a statuary-room, and that “each State should be permitted to send the effigies of two of her chosen sons, in marble or bronze, to be placed permanently here.” This has been complied with, and Vermont sent the statue of Ethan Allen, one of her distinguished sons, which is shown in the picture on the left. It is of colossal size, and the artist is Larkin G. Mead. Connecticut sent Roger Sherman, the shoemaker, afterward lawyer, judge, delegate to Congress, one of the Committee of Five, and signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was born in 1721, died in 1793. The artist, E. E. Ives, a native of Connecticut, made the statue in Rome, and it was unveiled in 1872. Rhode Island sent the statue of Major-General Nathaniel Greene, who was born in 1742 and died in 1786. The sculptor was Henry K. Brown, and the work is dated Rome, 1869. The hall in which these statues are placed resembles an ancient Grecian theater. It is 95 feet long and 60 feet in height. Twenty-six pillars and pilasters of Potomac marble support a dome with painted caissons. A cupola, painted by Bonani, an Italian, admits light from above. Under an arch near the dome is a colossal figure of Liberty in plaster. On the entablature is sculptured in stone the American eagle in the act of taking wing. It is by Valperti, an Italian. º º TATE, WAR AND NAVY BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. c. –Three of the oldest departments of our government are housed in the grand new building which occupies a place west of the White House, corresponding to the Treasury on the east. It is built of granite, in the Roman-Doric style. Its four facades are counterparts of each other. This magnificent structure is entirely fire-proof, and by reason of its combination of the massive proportions of the ancient with the elegance of the modern school, is regarded a perfect specimen of architecture. Its length is 567 feet; width, 342 feet, and greatest height, 128 feet, $10,000,000 were expended in its construction. *- º -- - - - - c) REASURY BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C.—The capital of the United States is now conceded to be one of the finest cities in the world. The streets are of magnificent width, well calculated to show to advantage the public buildings, in which are domiciled the various departments of the administration of the government. The plan of the city is regular and symmetrical, radiating from the Capitol and running in the direction of the points of the compass. The United States Treasury Building is located one and one half miles west of the Capitol buildings, at the corner of Fifteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. It is an imposing structure, built chiefly of granite, in the Ionic style of architecture, and measures 468 feet in length by 264 feet in width. It has an interior courtyard for the purpose of giving sufficient light to the five hundred rooms which the building contains. The entire cost of the structure was six million dollars. From this building the entire financial system of the government is directed by the Secretary of the Treasury and a small army of clerks and assistants. Here the paper currency of the country is printed and the plates from which the impressions are taken guarded with sleepless vigilance. To this building the old, worn-out, ragged currency finds its way to be exchanged for new, crisp bills, executed in the highest style of art. ONNER LAKE, CALIFORNIA.—This pretty sheet of water, among the Sierra peaks, is celebrated for its trout, its picturesque beauty and its sorrowful associations. Back in the forties a party of emigrants, led by one Donner, the godfather of the lake, was on its way across the range to the coast. Delays in those days were more than dangerous; they were fatal. The first snow-storm of the season caught the belated party on the shores of this lake and blocked their further progress. Provisions grew scanty and gave out; the cold increased, and the snow-drifts piled higher and higher. It is a sad chronicle of suffering and death. When the weather abated there were but sixty left of the eighty-four who had so bravely started out. So the lovely shores, now so sweetly mirrored in the glassy water, became the burial-place of those unfortunate people. Just before reaching Donner Lake the trains on the Central Pacific road pass a mass of precipitous rock over an abyss two thousand feet below. Along this pass are thirty-four miles of snow-sheds, which cost the company $350,000. On account of this necessary precaution against avalanches, much of the striking Sierra scenery is lost. Donner Lake is 7,200 feet above sea-level, and is five miles long and one and a half miles wide. The shores are gravelly, and great forests of pine, fur and tamarack surround the lake. Its depth is about 250. feet. Bierstadt, the well-known artist, visited Donner Lake and transferred some of its beauties to canvas. º: - TEAMER LANDING, FORT WIRANGELL, ALASKA.—Fort Wrange11 was founded in 1834, by order of Baron Wrange11, then governor of Russian America. It was first known as the trading post of St. Dionysius, later as Wrangell, and the prefix Fort was added when the United States garrisoned it with two companies of the twenty-first infantry. Wrangell has a fine situation, encircled by mountains and snow-peaks, and lying on a land-locked harbor. The Indian village straggles along the shore, and before the new house which has replaced the hut belonging to one of the chiefs, we see two fine specimens of the totem pole. These are tall cedar posts, carved with faces of men and animals, and they represent events in the history of the family. They are erected only by the wealthy and powerful members of the tribe, and when two columns are erected before one house, one shows the descent on the female side, the other on the male side. The totem poles are generally erected by the Thlinket Indians. INDIAN AVENUE, SITE A, ALASKA.—Sitka, the capital of Alaska, is most beautifully and picturesquely situated. Looking from the deck of the steamer approaching it, we see its moss-covered roofs, the green dome of the Greek church in the center, and the old castle on a rock at one side. Right behind rise wooded mountains, and higher still those covered with snow; and in the bay in front of the town are dozens of green islands. Our view is taken from Indian Avenue, near the government quarters, and shows us a part of the church at the end of the street, and the mountains behind. There are still 200 Greeks at Sitka, and their church is 80 years old. ERMIT RANGE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.—The highest point of this range is about 5,000 feet above the general level. It stands on one side of Roger's Pass, through which a railroad has been built across the Selkirk Range. Both the Selkirks and the Rockies, which are here separated only by the valley of the Columbia River, are noted for their marvelous scenery. This region is fast becoming known to the world; hotels are being built at the most interesting points, and tourists are learning that they can find here not only a delightful summer climate, but scenery equal to the finest in the Old World. British Columbia, Soo miles long and 3oo wide, has been called the Alpine province of Canada. It abounds in mountains, rivers and lakes. Here rises the Columbia, the largest American river flowing into the Pacific Ocean. From its source at the base of the Rocky Mountains it runs 200 miles in a northwesterly direction, and then flows southward into the United States. In some places it widens into lakes many miles in length. Like all the other streams of this region, its course is marked by numerous falls and rapids, which, while adding to its picturesqueness, seriously interfere with navigation. The first part of its course is through a deep and narrow valley. Just before turning southward it cuts its way through the Selkirk Range, and thence its course for a long distance is between lofty, snow-clad mountains. Nearly all the streams of British Columbia are gold-producing. The first white inhabitants of the province were miners, attracted by the discovery of gold there in 1856. Since that time large quantities of the precious metal have been collected. OW RIVER AND TWIN PEAKS, NORTHWEST TERRITORY, CANADA.—This picture shows a scene in a region of North America that was until recently almost unknown. Bow River rises in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, about 150 miles north of the line between the United States and Canada. After winding its way in a southeasterly direction, its waters unite with those of other streams to form the Saskatchewan, and eventually find an outlet into Hudson Bay. It is a beautiful river, and takes its name from its many windings and doublings, which resemble an ox-bow. Its current is fed by the melting of numerous glaciers on the slopes of the Rockies. Until a few years ago its wide valleys were the grazing-ground of immense numbers of buffaloes, but these have disappeared. The country around the point where Bow River emerges from the mountains is full of natural wonders, resembling those in Yellowstone Park. There is fine scenery, lofty mountains crowned with snow-wreaths, glacier-fed torrents plunging down steep and rugged slopes with a voice of thunder, and immense rocks standing out in bold relief and carved by Nature's hand into strange, fantastic shapes. There are also numerous hot springs, and among other wonders, a mountain 4,000 feet high, whose summit is an almost perfect representation of an enormous castle. Perhaps the greatest curiosity of this region is a large cave containing a pool of water almost warm and so buoyant that on plunging into its depths a man floats like cork. c HE TOBOGGAN CLUB--This is a picture of winter life in Montreal. Canada is the home of the Snow-king. During part of the fall, the whole of winter, and until late in the spring he holds uninterrupted sway. In no other country do the people—all classes, ages, and sexes—engage so extensively in outdoor sports as do the Canadians during this season of the year. With them winter is the time for amusement, and none know better how to take advantage of it. The people of Montreal surpass all others in their zei for winter sports. The first snow-fall acts as an intoxicant. Business is neglected and everybody goes mad. The streets are gay with life. The crunching of snow, the jingle of sleigh-bells, and shouts and merry peals of laughter fill the air. The whole population seems to be out of doors. Everybody belongs to a snow-shoe or toboggan club, and hasºns to join his friends and begin the exhilarating sport. The hills were formerly the only toboggan-slides, but as there were too few of these for all, somebody introduced the Russian plan of erecting a high wooden structure, up one side of which the toboggan is dragged, and down the other side of which the tobogganist shoots with frightful rapidity. The toboggan is simply a piece of thin board bent up at one end. Some hold but one person, others are long enough for a dozen or more. On dark nights the tracks are lighted by torches stuck in the snow, and huge bonfires are kept burning nearby. Some of the slides are very steep and look dangerous, and the sensation of rushing wildly down hill on a narrow piece of board is toothrilling ever to be forgotten. º KING WILLIAM III., HOLLAND. QUEEN VICTORIA, ENGLAND. EMPEROR WILLIAM. GERMANY. EMPRESS OF GERMANY. PRINCE ALBERT VICTOR. PRIME MINISTER AND PRINCE CONSORT, RAINILAIARIVONY, MADAGASCAR. º º NASR-ED–DIN, SHAH OF PERSIA. KING CHULALANGKORN, sia M. - QUEEN MARGARET, ITALY. KING LUDWIG II., BAVARIA. RING ALEXANDER I., SERVIA. RING CIIARLES, PORTUGAL, GROVER CLEVELAND. J. M. RUSIK. GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN. WILLIAM McKINLEY, JR. , CHIEF JUSTICE FULLER. - - JAMES G. BLAIN NSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS Nº NººSººsz, ~ : . O o O O - - º | Uſºſolſ) 1CUU|176 S &lrºſſ) 1ſ) €SCI11 OU1Oſ)S €CIölſ)t E31ſ)O11) 2% * O º - & %. 2 % - 2 % - s º IT STANDS WITHOUT A RIVAL. A BOOK THAT IS TAKING EVERYBODY BY SURPRISE. 2 % º % - 2. 2% - º % % OVER 500 SUPERB PHOTOGRAPHS OF NOTED SGENES, % 2×3 % % - % * FORMING THE MOST INSTRUCTIVE AND ENTERTAINING WORK OF THE CENTURY. % % - * % % z . It will please the ladies, educate the children, and enable tired husbands and fathers to forget the traces the º image, in the º and there he shudders at its perversion in the * % trials and worries of life as they turn its bewitching pages and allow themselves to be taken captive Bushman of Australia or the Digger Indian of America. The vine-clad hills of France give place * % by the wonderful scenes presented at every step. One moment the reader is among the icebergs of to the cheerless steppes of Russia; the bright fields and the green forests of the Northwest to the % % the polar seas, and the next, traversing the luxuriant forest of the tropics. From the crowded deep gloom and clinging parasites of the dismal º: he palace of a Caesar is succeeded by º - 2 streets of London and Paris, surging with human life, he passes to the silent sands of the Great the cottage of a peasant; the mist of Niagara by the stream of the Great Geyser. From lake to 2% % Desert. Now he is eating his noonday meal in a Paris cafe; anon he is breaking bread with the mountain, from river to sea, from temple to abbey, from city to country, the reader is carried as in º 2 fº % º º º: * * t in a Mºº hº and º t e is *...". º a. º º !. º:lº. º: ºº tººl he * º circuit of the º and 2 % an Apache blanket, wi is feet to a blazing camp-fire. om the rippling waters O e Bay O seen the most interesting e most notable an he most marvelous sights of every land º % Naples he ascends to the glowing crater of §...}. The breeze that but a moment ago fanned civilized or uncivilized.” g y - º- : his cheek on the Adriatic is now wafting to his nostrils the spicy odors of the South Sea Islands. The descriptions of these scenes read like a romance. Legends of mountain and glen, of feudal º % The cry of the osprey that comes to his ears above the roar of the surf at St. Paul de Loanda is but castle, of gloomy prison and of frowning tower, are embalmed in these superb photographs and 2. an echo of the eagle's scream that startled him on the Righi. From the paintings and statuary in crystallized in the rippling music of the entrancing descriptions accompanying them. To see these º * the Vatican and the Louvre, he turns to the sacrificial stones and the idols of Mexico. Here he pictures and read these descriptions is almost as good as to visit the scènes themselves. % * º SCE ES O EWE Y LiR D Is a Royal Oblong Folio, 11% by 14% inches in size, containing over 500 magnificent, photographic views, F M - With a Masterly Introduction by that Prince of Writers, GENERAL LEW WALLACE. It is printed on the finest quality of heavy, enameled paper, elegantly and substantially bound, and the descriptions are the best work of the most famous literateurs and travelers of the day. The quality of paper used in the different styles is precisely the same, the only difference being that it is a trifle lighter weight in the half morocco and cloth-bound books. s º % % * : * 4 2 % ~ º ~ 2 % * % º 2 PRICES AND STYLES OF BINDING. s * Best English Cloth, Gold Side Stamp, Headband, Plain Edges, Finest Enameled Paper, - - - $3.75. º . 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