aw» . .Hu , 4. w": , .~ Mg {+15 F232;, ' ?1F.'f‘<"' “ $.56‘ . ‘MW: . . w . n _ <. ‘ _ ,, . ‘ , . 2b . . . . , £4. . , . ‘ .....¢ . . . , ,.1¢ a . (Cfi ‘ . 7 ‘any Trwrfiwwt . ‘ ‘ . . ‘ . ‘ ‘. ~ , "cw? “WK . ‘ . . , _ , ‘ V . . . , , , ,. ‘ Mm“ , .1). \ .M .. L. F. . flqmimww . . .. .. . i . v . .. v . . v . .(. mfir'dv ‘ , . > 44 , 4 . 3 ‘ .n nwfiubflflfii ‘ a v 9 ‘ ‘V . ‘ ,iv 2“ .vmwumm. §_L~fl1vwhfllulluum. a? . I.) , \i . “ §mm2rnum€ , Mm ,Jmwwmvmwwwuvgw fiwwmr wwmfinfi . . . . . . ma? . . “a? )9. 2. vzsflwrliei ,hxinnmwfi V ‘ ‘ . m * . . , . 7 ~ .lJ .. > .n l ‘ . . ‘ V . < v liiilillidnmi KM,‘ ‘I 4 Y “I . 1 . . ‘ .1 : ,- i‘ ‘flak. i i THT ‘a... . ... hdyrl- 5.31.2.1‘ 5.4%‘ I n ‘It. . J29...‘ 2,225 :: . V v . In’! ‘ kl§§tlléfifllriiihfitlll¢i .1} .1... ., ‘ aflknaii .5113.‘ . . h . . .2 . Bum, ‘ V In . ‘ ‘ .Wn muwwiri-wnn , . 3 . , v . 1: a .. .H hldfluvr... . {nut . \mP-lnag' . I. . .wmmflwn-wxJmfi ,1 | v 1.6.. H4558.» Jua ‘ . _. R s. 5 ts \ ‘:ibflv. [IR ‘ . 1 ... i. .t .1! Hr; v v v , ‘V . . ‘11: .w £5... 0! . .. Y Ifirvu thvztzrxz 1: ‘ 1 AEHBLJ} fr. E... 9.3.? "n, 5% .10?! $52.!» ‘ l . $.31 h‘vwhvnvk? 22 “({1} 4915.590‘) iv! *1!‘ lint, \ . . ‘ if I, ». , iv.’ 1 . #6.}. Vii-L u). . . ‘ .1 A r 03f)».- . . {In .3 , . .‘ {.Jr .. k7 ‘\. ¢ ‘Ill , ‘ x V (“#1 . . , , i»: l... || F. T‘ , {11.18.}!!! , ‘a 1%.‘. , ‘ . ‘ < l v. . .p» ‘ , Kg 1“ i1 tillll, . 1 in ‘ . l . .itifilflifiill?‘ .ufl'liicl tam».- ' ‘ . . JvixLul FX‘iL , v v )5 :1 ill-flak). .( .r. a’ . , v ' Elli . i! . ,ii 1.. ~. I. . . Ii m bull‘. . Linqkhmflhuillflnl ‘ I!‘ n‘ .kiwmvigli it {:2}! , :i .1.‘ rinnkcvsvxzl . 142%.? . 1 .I . a‘ . . . _ . "ERR ta» . _ e\ H1 .141..." $101.)! in“. JEflwhh-Qfifalliunkfifllgg In! . . . . , L .13 ‘ . . ‘ v (.1. 1.1.13, L, 1% 4L...’ -.~ _.¢1L-:\. \1 , ‘4.19121 v». LmruL‘w‘N‘ My 4.).‘ L I llLb. ‘Hulk! ‘I'll! . ¢ w;\vtali0n.unHuw-.\l .\ 4 ‘ k . a . 11;!!!’ '1‘): “Plan lulufiilfuk Tub“ lg}! \lm‘khnb W. ll. 8271 11 _ ‘It: . 11.0w‘... fflvllhillll.‘ null‘)?! . . v v v ,. r)?»w.%ul|\nu\l~|ln ‘FCnHHWHHIuFIIIMQHlIh tuuvnunl§hnrlz|ilwmnflhhvnmnndhnhtlpnk .ahmfl... , , v . "3.14% Mg! Huh“) , , . , ‘ , 1%: i. ‘ . .-| i . It, . . . . n33? 1.3.3? 81a... ' at)“ 111 7.\ [JV ii‘! 9| Eeaififlrlztiliifiuuu a: ‘Flliil...itjflflu.kuv\li . L1 i C ‘ ‘iii: \l‘u» ‘ l. v . gkx‘nwfimibwdnuvl » .Pvwmmlrazz.) . _ A m x. “3.. 4, UK .iwmkmnwhf, fimifidfifirvhfln¥1913£3¥§~fimruii¥ L ‘ ddfln'dlini . . . . .. . 2.. £11.“: IL}! ‘I! 1 I s . . i “ .1 \ S. {- ... .r v, .. I f . 2511“ \ .142... 1 1.1 I!“ IV»... |§tfky~li ‘ . . Ii Phi‘! wmmqu (n2 Gnu ‘ . Hmwxnmiwvdink .44.’? . .z w .. ! .té Quu'w‘izlxli :17 wufimmbnhar v}! .rdxfiillrhukr v . ii?!“ 31!: .4 . .8? r. (R. ‘mums; .. n L v Mu». at. . 0w . s i V 41. .i e “K's-$11.0! .flmwahfil. glnnifivuv “up. ‘ "$11.0 0a ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ . ‘ ‘ l ‘ .r- L ‘ . ‘ .v . . ‘ T .. r [\l .‘ . - .t). , .b. .6, i klwl, . . \ ~n\\\|!-U\I¢\l Aalfiallli‘r" , .21 ‘. \ :11 \ ¢|¢2dsllnx1llifil 4.51.1.1, 11!. I; v v all!!! at: i . ,v . v , V . ‘ . v ; , ‘ . . 1 . , ul‘avnv‘nllir El aluiluivutis v Ollt-QlullllllihlE-l , . 4 v . . 0 rlbJklgiinAfl‘lflfliilwuigingtg . . . ‘ll lugfllnhuflflflufionfl\fifiufik. ‘Bud’ , . v Zr!‘ \1. ‘lg avail-‘Nu! v .. . ,__ w lm-Lqvl‘flrvlilz Il'lall‘l'lldilllliriallul‘lifl-NUNIII . V a; . ‘ , ‘It!!!’ , ‘ \l‘nl-Ilvli I! ‘no. ‘to? ‘Elli-Bali!‘ I!‘ .5 lqliulillni. I I . . 11.01:: uni: 11' ...v Inn-PH: J. ‘ , V ‘ “\wuhtlia unvnn .i .. < ‘ iii“ all I!!! it‘. . . . ans-rill . 1.51191 7 I. ire-ling“: .1‘ “ .mwtivirtw amwmuuw‘alunlnxlrun‘iln . E .. ‘ #Illiir ; ., . , \ . ‘ V . .. . viukil! If; Isl-ll _ . , I . v . : I . luv * . . , Illa .Hl rnwfilnbfliM , \IIVL-fluzii nU-Jviual'l ‘ v I ‘ . \ u u ‘I a ‘ ‘IllilJHull . , . .iirrii‘ , ..~ . . ‘Jlli-Jllllfxn! ‘1% , V, » e: 1. )6 ‘ 2w ‘v3.11. Lift. ‘J 50“ y no N ‘ $53.1, ill. wolf?! _‘ uflainfiizz \l..\ c1234 . . . x , , . 3, afiug. . * . .2 . _ . .3”, 4 a, i. ‘ .,.‘\1|‘.....‘ >, It. 1‘ .Llvzyx I4. V1,?!“ :IzlPl , iilft~ .31.. 3 x: .. .31.‘!(i .\$§\|\¢;.v ‘Ill \ ‘1, "t F. ii 711%.]. z \‘ .3 113‘ 111)»! \ ($201 21.1 V . . . 1.1211131‘ ;\..\ .E.EEEE.EEEEEEE W.,_._,__,=-E.._W.M._..V_.__EEE.EEEEEEEEEH .3 _ *5 .5 i F: ‘VF. llllllllllllllllllll l: !L . Vul" Tm Ml . mum 'ffl'w ijfifififififim ' l unnuunnunnunuunF- mum in ll_|ll_llllll , v-|‘ '- Ila u I ‘. ._ u- , 4| », w... “LWJILULWAILV -’ huunnn 1flflfiflflfi. innunnnngggmguuuugm FT‘ or Y- ‘.1 L - r - V mum“ mmimammwnm .‘l -r- ‘ V frliii LU] IJLILUULHIJLI!" ' ‘Kimmy ’._'-‘.“Ih‘-*~~--.'----_ Illllluillllllllllllllllllll ‘fl-v—p- —-, l! ==_==.=. . . . ; .. ‘w‘.==_=.= _,:==_ ‘- vllllllll r"r" HI‘ Q‘TKMHMIHMII. JUJI _.=M_H_.=,_~_.._§..m_¢__._._r._,._q_§._..___ >1 =i_._._,§=._.__.= Egdawaflamv Egg .a_§m_._b=.._._,.= gig“: .I 5 E! ii RFC... M ‘ ~‘L3Qc"~” — ~!w . 1 ' “ " ‘1 i y ‘n ’ ‘x "I? K‘ ~_ I‘ A: it. ‘in! I _“ _ ¢ 9 31;," ‘L ’ var.’ $Ynu§ », q);‘;‘.: H 3 ‘ ‘If ' ' 1‘ ¥. 1*, ‘ M ‘ $\', 0 - PAL “ ‘M‘v i _" ‘a . .. N W. ff, 'Q» ~31 M v» .iaww :9‘? I.» ‘ v ' ~ *3?“ ,u i 33,» ‘qgjgfiim- "913%; g y: w‘; ,U‘Lr» H A \ {H I I w n, , . . , > _. . - . ¢ -_ _ _ . \ 5%? &# figu$w$vq r¢<"J1” _n p u. ; _ fi'é‘fl? m" “*1 <‘ < f 1» = ‘ . -d a‘ , \1 K a’ ‘ 1 “I; ' W’ 1 “P X ,f'x 4" - V , ~v ,*K. J“; U ‘IV " ‘ ‘ H: , t ,‘f- i I : ‘ 2" i‘ Y , 1 i i . 4 g‘. g I ‘ ~ v ‘ , ‘~- n ~ . 1 1 . A ,- Ex - U. S. Minister to Colombia JAMES T. DU BOIS ON COLOMBIA’S CLAIM AND RIGHTS e'Qo.‘ . . ‘to O...‘ .Q'...‘ "ff-r" \‘ ""“**"J'J2.W§WWW W '’ 37 new EX-U. S. Minister to Colombia JAMES T. DU BOI'S ON Colombia’s Claims and Rights Hallstead, Pa., July I, 1914. I was in the Department of State in 1903 where the press announced that the mailed hand of the‘ United States had stopped Colombian soldiers from suppressing a revolution on the Isthmus of Panama. Amazed at this enterprise I said to those present: “This, if true, is a shocking in- justice to Colombia and the United States must pay dearly for it in the end.” Three years ago, when I was asked to go to' Bogota as Minister, I frankly stated muy sincere sympathies for Colombia and was informed that friendly relations with that country were desired by the United States, and that my sympathies were no bar to my mission. ‘* An impartial investigation at Bogota, running over a period of two years, confirmed my sym- pathies, and convinced me that, instead of “black- mailers” and “bandits,” the public men of Co- lombia compare well with the public men of other countries in intelligence and respectability, while the social life is as refined and cultured as can be found in any capital in the world. Bogota is called the Athens of South America. . ' Impressed by the humillation and sufferings that had befallen Colombia by the act of 1903, I have worked unselfishly for the true interests of the United States in Latin America by trying to secure a settlement of our unfortunate dif- ferences on a broad and just basis, and the new Treaty will accomplish the result. I deeply re- gret the antagonism to it displayed in certain quarters and I deplore Colonel Roosevelt’s bitter and misleading attack embodied in his recent public statement. Direct Beneficiaries Fomented the Revolution He says: “The people of Panama were a unit in demanding the revolution”. I“ say, and can prove it, that a handful of men, who were to be the direct beneficiaries of the revolution, con- ceived it, and not the hundredth part of the in- habitant of the Isthmus knew of the revolt until an American OffiCQI', in the uniform of the United States army, raised the flag of the new republic. “We never fired a shot at any Colombian,” says Colonel Roosevelt. True, but the execution of the orders of President Roosevelt to the American warship was an act of War, and if the Colombian soldiers had attempted to suppress the conspiracy they would have been captured, or driven into the sea, or killed, because that is the way our brave marines have of doing things when they are let “loose.” Again he says: “His attitude was absolutely in accordance with the principles of the highest international morality." Colonel Roosevelt’s useul life challenges the admiration of men, but ) a-l Page Missing in Original Volume Page Missing in Original Volume Page Missing in Original Volume Page Missing in Original Volume bodied in Article First and nowhere else in the agreement. The opposition to this feature, on the ground that it is an apology, is not just and is not in the true interest of the United States. It is an un- reasonable interpretation of a chivalrous act toward a weaker nation which is in deep distress because of an incident in which we were inti- mately associated, a chivalrous act which is in strict accord with the principles of the highest international morality. If the Anglo-Saxons are to live in harmony with the Latins on this conti- nent they must treat them with absolute justice, just as we shall exact justice from them. Article Second is essentially the same as the one President Roosevelt aproved in the Root— Cortes treaty of 1909, and the Fourth Article is also similar to an article of the same treaty. Thus these two articles are, perhaps, beyond the criticism of Colonel Roosevelt, as he approved both five years ago. Why Colombia is Entitled to $25,000,000 As the Third Article is the most important feature of the Treaty, I consider it last. This article has been placed in the “Blackmailer’s Club” by Colonel Roosevelt with some harsh- ness. He says that we might as well give Co- lombia forty millions as twenty—five millions, because she is not entitled to a cent. Is he right? Under the contract of 1847 Colombia ceded the Trans-Isthmian Railroad Company to the Panama Railroad Company for a period of nine— ty-nine years, and for this Colombia was to re- ‘ 7 ceire $250,000 annually during the life of the contract. At the time of the separation of Pa- nama there were remaining sixty-four annuities- unpaid, amounting to $16,000,000. The conces- sion also insured to Colombia reversionary rights in the Panama Railroad at the expiration of the: contract in 1967. The physical value of the railroad, shortly after the revolt, was placed at $16,446,000. In. addition Colombia claims that she is entitled to several millions of dollars for that part of her national debt incurred in the interests of Panama before the revolution, a claim which was .re-- cognized in the treaty of 1909, made under‘ the Roosevelt Atrninistration. Altogether these- claims total about $36,000,000. But ex—President Roosevelt insists that all of the civil rights, titles. and pecuniary interests of Colombia passed to- Panama at the moment of actual separation, and. therefore the Third Article of the treaty is a. direct attempt to blackmail the United States. The truth is the ownership and these rights were virtually recognized by the Roosevelt Ad- ministration itself. Colombia, by an agreement concluded en 1880, contracted a debt of $3,000,000 with the railway company, amortizable in twen— ty-nine years by the company’s $250,000 annual payments. The amortization actually proceeded and the debt would have been liquidated in 1909.. After that date the company would have had to. resume the payments of the $250,000 annuities,~ ‘ until 1967, when, under the terms of the contract,.. the railroad, with all its appurtenances, would have become the absolute property of the Rep»- ublic of Colombia. 8 Colombia’s Right of Ownership Recognized To prove that our Government virtually re— cognized the inalienable civil rights of Colombia to the royalties and incidentally to the rever— sionary rights it may be stated that the amort- ization could not have been terminated until 1909. But as the United States prevented by physical force the suppression of the insurrection on the Isthmus by Colombia six years before the debt could be entirely paid, and never attempted to exact the six missing instalments of the amortization, they recognized Colombia’s right of ownership. Therefore to deny the legitimate material claims of Colombia would not be in accordance with the principles of even common commercial integrity. Under my instructions to settle our unfortun- ate differences with Colombia I was authorized to consider the possible arbitration of the just— iciable claims of that country to reversionary rights in the Panama Railroad, the arbitral court to be limited in its scope of inquiry. It is gen- erally believed that such a court would have given a verdict in favor of Colombian claims. I do not believe there is any doubt of it. In the spirit of justice, therefore, the United .States, now in undisputed possession of the Pa- nama Railroad, should compensate Colombia for the annuities which she is entitled to receive and also for the reversionary interests in the railroad. To say that these lawful interests passed to Panama at the separation is as unjust 9 as it would be to say that we have dischargedtetggf ' ‘ obligation to one man by paying what he was la ' fully entitled to into the hands of another a " 4 A Matter of Simple Justice . ‘( These and other material claims of Colombi ,. justify the indemnification article of the Treaty'li’ j; to say nothing of the tremendous territorial loss)‘ and humiliation that Colombia has sustained. I The time is not distant when Latin America} y, will have a hundred million of people, inspired, by new conditions of national and commercial“... z” 5'2‘ life. Those now living feel that the Panama incident is the only real injustice commited by the Uinted States against the Latin-Americans people. The Treaty will correct that feeling and ‘ greatly change the sentiment that is now run- ning heavily against us in all South America, and; place this country and Colombia upon that i'P-‘i friendly footing so greatly desired by the people ' of both nations. If any person believes it is pleasant for me to oppose a great leader whose fortunes I devotedly followed for ten years, and for whom I have‘ profound esteem, he is radically mistaken. I am I, a Republican and have been all my life, and I 253$???“ have been urged not to make this statement public, because a successful issue of the treaty will help the Wilson Administration. ' I do not care to live to greet that day where‘ my love of party smothers my love of justice and halts my courage in doing what I believe is right 1: ,l .for the true interests of my country. JAMES T. DU BOIS. IO In :Mlqrziqnvwlih . r vhi. u. . . ififiiwrarnbhfirh . .1 n Ill lllgllllllll MIclHleAN 34 ll. it I'll Ill’ ,7, 42.,“ "trainer Jilin. L .L Nmvtunikllirvs 1‘. .. zllxwlltlw. "w xfii‘fllll. . lull quilt-l . . , .. ._ f. , . ¢ . . Lila-tin‘ . . . . . . . .. . . . , . ailing . lit-(.1; . . . . . . : ‘ii . J . . . . . in .I .- I‘illllllll'lll . . . v t .al . IL!!! I‘ ill-‘ital’. lull . Sill All! I Innuwwnuttlllsnxifltll . n" . f :‘211. - IT)‘ a .6 . 605?... a lli Illlllilllllvlllliflllrllio . 1. v‘(|~,4: < . 3‘... 3v:- ll 1.21:. 30.514.05.210 070k; .fifi: .. {h . . Mail ...w... ..l; . “.... .. , .....fiw ..rreimwfi . . . when .i . ‘ ‘mung-#7.‘ If a . ...... sea... .. that; ...R. ......»v. M . .v a- . ewe ..l. .1 luvlilvnx. kins-:1 i. i . .. . flflizfla . fin“. .11 .. . Ifiitli ...“..u. . v .iwwwflumul Am. \. iaaMrWx . ,. mmrw . mmrhihwuli . . “.3 ..l. . wull'mmzuwfi ll ,. . 3MP. .. . . k wfifllffi nalxphlillia. i . in. blew/“Wear? L. (“it P . 1th.. .hllll. . \.J J. L1 hl|li1l now-F, mum .. .. .. . . . 3w» n . .. nwuk Erma-“#091 ...»Wfih one i . : ififibfiafit: ....zil ‘manual!!! l mr! . it. “Malia-‘PEER LN fi . . alavfli... ... lllll . ihlrl avgifiu. i... in; flu .: 8:11 . . . a... . .. .. ... . ...... ... H .. ‘null/Ll- 9...... . f... .. . . i...) an‘ .Huwamw. ..wwwhawiwnugmmmflhvwuwmfa ,, .. . . . . dim “ ..n ...dol ..éaorzl wane”... szemmmwwfhl .m i . . 95v . ... .. F... .623». . . . i M»? . . . d. . .Fv . .. r. i .. , iulilniiiwfiwmmwwruni .. tnlmflwwfifimf 1 \ l . V. lluuhwmwuwwfinmwwwflv . . an...’ “awn ...nli‘uu“ il l . . . .Bnimmusnllglljij.i .Hina. .. ......ll . ...: . .3 . wwTmmtqe-M (l n . . W . and . ) a .1343 1 . .{MHW . a‘ . . . amen MK .. l, 2% “flaw. lltllv in“: \II. 1 v i tullbnrmmhwuvwwflwwihé. l . l. in?“ on..." B: nuatkummnufiwuflvrfl. , 3,...“ .33.. . a we... nominate“... ; \. ....flnnnllhq. IV cm... .4; .. . .wrmmmflillflmmfli .Wgmm. Lwd it . Nmmmi. Walttlixnflnanulirvo Lwvlqiilulgg . .. l IPouTilllmtlfin...» . ll . lsllmwkpoasiitmifldnifiii.lnivu .. .. H .. . ; u~ \l {HMJR Y Jaw ... . . . vnmwfw . M nwi Ti. mmmmu 5.10. t . . , , . . . ... rut/mun. ...wtmummai ... ..Wmmwiua... exam ummdfl . . ......cwnflifimufldu. 2.: ...n ' flew? ' . . a. i .. :1 .Mwmuruu "#2.? .....W. . l . i. .. 0151.1- .1 . . . ..cnufmfitawwm. . . Kev... . . .. .l -.lhhlihti. . \ .rvxufiflmmmitllllhw l . ...ma... . - 2. #3.}.- .. . ...ll . i > .. . mic‘ , .t i . . . . . . . . ._.. 1.8.“! .lluli. . . . . . . 1 in...) fulfil. QJR inl. nméulku. w/Qilli , .. . . . . _ . fluamfl. .uwwnflin... .KwwmflhLflhmmmzrmw .26. l . . . . c. L. 14..., “snarl fin.“ 3% . laullm» rah