s
* . .
4
To
~ : .
Municipal Corporations.
(IRELAND.)
REPORT ON THE CITY OF DUBLIN.
PART II.
33rtgruttu to botſ) #ousts of 33arliament by Command of pig filajesty.
L O N D O N :
PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET,
FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.
*ºne
1836.

M UN I C I PAL CO R P OR AT I O N S,
(IRELAND)
* , ; , . . . . . * * **. , * , , *,
; :
A P P E N D 1 x
TO THE FIRST’
R. E. P. O. R. T
C O M M I S S I O N E R. S.
RE Po RT
T H E CITY OF D U B L IN.
-->
33rtstuted to both Rouge; at 33arliament by Command of Éts ſiſajesty.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET,
J. ty FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.
1836.
KDK
|34 |
, A35%
A 35
A/2 Xº J. LIMITS º
pf, 2.
rº
By Charter . . e - º tº ... 1
By Boundary Act º Q e ... 1
By Police Act Q © © º 1
Limits of Manorial Jurisdictions O ... 2
Parishes * e e sº • 2
II. CHARTERS . e º e ... 2
New Rules . º o o ... 7
Statutes of Geo. II. and Geo. III. o ... 7
Incorporated Guilds . s e ... 7
III. CORPORATE BODY tº * • 7
Title . º tº º º ... 7
Classes and Officers . O • ... 7
ELECTION AND QUALIFICATION of OFFICERS AND
MEMBERs. º e º ... 8
Lord Mayor e & e ... 8
Aldermen . © & © . 11
Sheriffs º e º O . 12
Common-council-men O & . 13
Trial of controverted Elections Q . 15
Recorder . º e e . 15
Deputy Recorder . o e . 16
Coroners . e © º . 16
President of the Court of Conscience . 16
Town Clerks . © sº • 16
Marshal º e Q e . 16
Water Bailiffs Q & s . 16
Sergeants-at-Mace . -> e . 16
Register of Lord Mayor's Court º . 16
Register of Court of Conscience º . 16
Bailiffs of Court of Conscience © . 16
Crier º wº º e . 16
Governor of Newgate and Keeper of City
Marshalsea wº o e . 16
Keeper of Sheriffs' Prison. . º ... 16
Treasurer º e tº ... 16
Other Ministerial Officers . g . 16
Clerks of the Markets º º . 16
Inspector of the Hay Market e . 16
Clerks of the Hay Market . & . 16
Weighmasters of Butter Crane g - 16
Weighmaster of the Green Hide Crame . 17
Master of Works, and Officers of Pipe-Water
Establishment & º e . 17
Freemen, classes of . © tº . 17
Freemen of City at large . & . 17
Fees .. wº º sº . 18
Freemen from the Guilds . e - 18
Fees . & º e . 18
Numbers and condition of the Freemen . 19
No Roman Catholics admitted . . 19
Governing Body. c º wº . .19
Board of Aldermen . & tº . 19
Commons . º © º . 19
Assemblies, and Course of Business . . 19
Abstract . e e º . 20
How dissolved . º s . 20
Post Assemblies . º o . 20
Acts of Assembly. & e . 20
Committees g º & . 20
FUNCTIONS AND EMoLUMENTs of OFFICERs - 21
Lord Mayor • © e . 21
Aldermen . e & . 23
Sheriffs º º * º . 25
Sheriffs’ Office, Officers in ſº . 25
Fees in iº • * ſo . 26
Juries . © © gº . 27
Term Grand Juries & º . 27
Quarter Sessions Grand Juries . . 28
Special Juries, Valuation Juries, &c, 28, 29
Emoluments e º <> , 29
Common-council-men º tº. . . 29
Recorder . • e e . 30
In the Court of Quarter Sessions . . 30
In the Civil Bill Court . es . 31
In the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs' Court . 31
Coroners . e º º • 31
President of the Court of Conscience . 31
Town-Clerks • º e . 32
As Town-Clerks . º tº • 32
As Prothomotaries of Lord Mayor and Sheriffs
Court . º º tº • 32
As Clerks of the Peace and Clerks of the
Crown . & º e . 32
Marshal . & º e . 36
As Marshal o «» tº . 36
As Register of Pawnbrokers & . 36
As Auctioneer of Pledges . . g • 37
Water Bailiffs e to º . 38
co NT ENT s.
Sergeants-at-Mace . ©
Secretary to the Lord Mayor
Register of the Lord Mayor's Court
Register of the Court of Conscience
Bailiffs of the Court of Conscience
Crier of Court of Quarter Sessions
Governor of Newgate º © o
Keeper of the Sheriffs' Prison º o
Keeper of the Marshalsea . tº ©
Treasurer . c cº ſo e
Accountant . o © (º ©
Architect . º o tº ©
Surveyor . • º º e
Law Agents o º º o
High Constable . e tº º
Swordbearer tº o Ǻ º
Macebearer . º º ſº º
Clerks of the Commons º º º
Chaplain . º o dº º
Beadles tº tº te º º
Staff men .. e º o ©
Deputy Clerks of the Markets e o
Other Officers connected with the Markets
Officers connected with the Pipe-Water Esta-
blishment: & © tº ©
Freemen, Privileges of tº * > ©
IV, JURISDICTION & © e e
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION º
Court of Quarter Sessions .
Judges of º º
Jurisdiction º &
Practice of Sittings e
Number of Cases. e
Juries . e º f
Summoner of Witnesses .
Fines ~ tº e
Observations tº º
Rotation, or Crown Office .
Police Offices e &
Lord Mayor’s Court o
Civil JURISDICTION . g
Lord Mayor and Sheriffs' Court
Amount of Jurisdiction .
Judges . º &
Times of Sitting . ©
Motions in Chamber º
Prothomotary e tº
Process . o e
Action . e e
Attachment g e
Return Days e e
Foreign Attachment o
Practice . dº º
Rules e º o
Removal of Causes º
Privilege of a Freeman .
Costs, by whom taxed 9.
Fees reduced © th
Attorneys e tº
Costs to Execution s
New Trials º º
Ejectments and Replevins
Present Scale of Costs and Fees
Trial and Judgment instanter
Record Sittings . ©
Fees of the Sergeants-at-Mace
Civil Bill Court ſº º
Court of Conscience .
Judges and Officers
Times of Sitting .
Corporate Claims .
Appeal .
Practice
Increase of Fees
Summons
Service of
Abuses in
Hearing .
Warrant .
Fees º
Imprisonment
Rehearings
Dismiss . <> &
Splitting Causes of Action
Coal Meters’ Case
Suits against the Bailiffs
No Court Books .
Register's Fees .
Attorneys º
e
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tº
&
º
º
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&
º
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©o.eº.e.ºe.....:ºdeºeeoºº©º.ºº&ººe:.º.º&º
.
CONTENTS.
\,
Page
Observations tº e wº . 55
GAols e Լ te e te . 55
General Superintendence of . * } . 55
Newgate . . tº a ſº ſº . 55
Sheriffs’ Prison wº <º º • 57
City Marshalsea ... Q tº • 58
Smithfield Penitentiary tº tº , 59
Richmond Bridewell tº tº . 59
Expenses of Prisons and Prisoners - • 60
W. MUNICIPAL REGULATIONS º • 61
Poſ,ICE tº s tº & gº ... 61
Statutes relative to the Watch and Police - 61
Police District of Dublin Metropolis . • 61
Divisional Justices . tº g ... 61
Receiver of the Public Office gº . 62
Offices of Police . tº g . 62
Clerks tº cº o º º 62
Office Constables . gº ſº . 62
Peace Officers G tº tº - 62
Patrolling Constables tº tº • 62
Pensions . tº Cº. © . 63
Nightly Watch © g ſe • 63
Police and Watch Establishments . 63, 64
Jurisdictions * •. º ... 64
Observations tº º º • 65
Police and Watch Funds . e . 66
Watch Tax * & tº Q Qº 66
Carriage Tax - º te • 67
– Fines tº d º º 68
Pawnbrokers' Licences . º . 69
Publicans’ Licences º e - 69
Other Licences . tº cº • 69
Fines and Fees at Divisional Offices • 69
Parliamentary Grants - tº - 70
Heads of Expenditure & º - 70
, Buildings a º e º ſº - 70
Law Expenses . © tº - 70
Hue and Cry e º º - 70
Accounts and Receiver º º • 71
Duties of Receiver as to Bridewells . 71
Recent Act as to Licences . º . 72
PAviNG AND CLEANSING, LIGHTING AND IM-
PROVING! • g gº e . 72
Original obligation of the Corporation of Dublin 72
History of the Trusts º © • 73
Paving and Cleansing . <> . 73
Watering the Streets g tº . 74
Composition with the Corporation of Dublin
for certain Pavements . * , . 74
Cleansing º gº Q . 74
Lighting . gº tº tº . 74
Management of the Paving, Cleansing, and
Lighting, &c. consolidated ſº . 75
. Second Composition with the Corporation of
Dublin for certain Pavements . 75
Public Fountains . & Qº . 75
Composition with the Corporation of Dublin
for the Cleansing of the City . . 75
Composition with the Corporation of Dublin
for certain Lights cº © . 76
Agreement of the Corporation of Dublin to
supply Water . º iº . 76
Acts now in force sº wº . 76
Local Limits of the Jurisdiction º • 76
Constitution of the Board of Commissioners - 77
Summary of their Powers . º . 77
Lists of Commissioners from 1807 . . 78
Former Mismanagement . º . 78
Commission of Inquiry and Report in 1826 - 78
The present Board . * > tº a . 78
Improvements effected g tº • 78
Maximum rate of Taxation maintained • 78
Exceptions e ſº ge ... 79
Returns of Income and Expenditure . 80, 81
Income te g * • ‘ - 82
Compositions by the Corporation of Dublin 82
For Paving . g tº . 82
Lighting o º © . 82
Cleansing g gº * • 82
General Paving and Lighting Tax . 83
Rate by Square Measure {e . 85
Rate by Linear Measure © - 85
Practice of the Commissioners in im-
posing Rates ſº . 85
Applotting º o * * . 85
Deductions and Exemptions . ... 85
Collection o e wº . 86
Watering Tax . tº sº . 86
Taxes for “Private Works chargeable” . 86
Fines, Sales of Scavenging Soil, and Mis-
cellaneous Receipts . * . 87
Expenditure on the Establishment . . S8
Annuities º tº º , 88
Salaries of Officers to be appointed by the
Lord Lieutenant e º . 88
, Of Officers to be appointed by the Commis- .
sioners tº e Q . 90
Returns of Officers, their Juties, &c. 93
Page
Incidental Expenses G Q . 96
Expenditure on the Establishment - . 96
Expenditure on the Works . O . 97
Accounts . . . º tºr . 98
. Audit by Imprest Commissioners - . 98
Observations * - Ç © . 98
Liberty Fountains, &c. {º tº . 99
GRAND JURY TAxATION . . Q . 99
Sessions Grand Juries gº º ... 100
Term Grand Juries . . . tº ... 101
, Extent of their controlling Power - , 101
, Public Works Qº g tº ... 101
. Causes of Increase of Taxation - • 102
, Officers of Grand Jury . º ... 102
, Treasurer . . tº ſº ... 103
Secretary gº g ſº • 103
Inspector of Accounts . o ... 103
Collectors of City Rates º • 103
Presentments to other Officers • • 104
sº Salaries of Officers . . g * } lº
. Presentments for other Purposes • • ?
. Amount of all Presentments * ... 105
Taxes, how levied . wº º ... 106
Solvent and Insolvent Arrears gº , 107
. Minister's Money a defective Test . ... 107
Parts of County within Circular Road exempt 107
. Money, how kept, disbursed, and accounted tº
for . . c o tº tº \
Power of traversing Presentments . ... 108
Annual Amount for Four Years • ... 108
CoMMIssionERs of WIDE STREETS tº ... 108
Statutes relating to . ge i.e. ... 108
Number.of Commissioners . Ç . 111
Qualifications e g tº ... I ll
Meetings of the Board wº * ... 111
Officers e ' s tº º . 111
Secretary . . . tº º • 111
Clerks . . © tºp • . 111
Engineer . i.e. º Qº ... l l 1
Treasurer . © & º . 111
Law Agent . & e wº ... I'll
Costs º tº e dº • 1 ll
Payments to Jurors . sº ſº . 112
Funds . . tº º • 112
Rents gº º º wº tº . 112
Balance of Coal Duty sº * . 112
Wide Street Tax . e º • 112
Expenditure * tº ſº • 113
Debt & tº º e . 115
VALUATION of THE CITY for Local Taxation • #3
Minister's Money . tº tº . 115
New Valuation . . sº ge • 115
SUPPLY or WATER . tº g . 117
PopDEL River TAx . wº * . 117
Provisions of the Statutes . * . 117
Board of Commissioners o © . 118
Officers º sº º Q . 118
Inspector . <> º . 118
Secretary . sº c º . 118
Surveyor . o © ge . 118
Collector . o © o . 119
Treasurer . * > º º ... 119
Receipts and Disbursements gº . 119
A Return of Tax and other Monies received
and expended pursuant to the Acts 17 and
18 Car II. c. 21, and Act 36 Geo. III. c. 44;
for preventing the Inundation of the Poddel
river in Dublin . tº tº ſº
Accounts . gº º Ç *
Assessments º * e ve
In respect of St Patrick's Cathedral and
Dublin Castle . © e ©
Upon Houses tº gº ſº wº
Objections and Opposition to the Rate te
Proposed Transfer to the Commissioners of
Paving . tº C & ©
LYING-IN-Hospital. TAxes e o &
Rates on Sedan Chairs tº © *
Rates on Houses in Rutland Square . tº
RATEs on Houses IN MERRION SQUARE e
RATEs on Houses IN MoUNTJox SquaRE AND
FITzwil, LIAMI SQUARE º re
RATEs on Houses IN STEPHEN’s GREEN
QUAY WALI, TAxEs . , s
Taxes in the Liberties
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONs
Blue-Coat Hospital
Charter 23 Car. II. .
Building . *
Original Design abandoned
Objects of . tº
Act of 10 Geo. I. . tº
Right of Governors of Erasmus Smith's Schools
Right of Bishop of Meath
Right of Ministers of St. Werburgh's Parish.
Boys’ Qualification . gº i.e. tº
Governors of . . . tº tº ©
By Charter . . . © © º
By Election . . . . . º Q
(Z
120
121
121
121
121
12]
122
122
122
122
122
123
123
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
125
125
125
126
125
125
| , CONTENTS.
Page Pag
Board of Governors . e Q • 125 Powers of Borrowing . . . tº . 143
Summons of © © de . 125 Fees for registering Licences tº . 143
Proceedings at º © tº • 125 For heaving Ballast . e tº . 143
Nomination of Boys & Q • 126 New Rates of Ballastage and Pilotage . 1.44
Committees © º O • 126 Rates on the Quays west of Carlisle Bridge, &c. 144
Education &c., of Boys. © Q. • 126 Additional Rate-on Kent and Le Favre's Lot 144
Number . O º º • 126 West Quay Walls and Bridges G . 144
Income º º © º . 126 New Rate on the West Quays * . 144
Rents . . & º g . 126 Grand Jury Presentments for the West Quay
Stephen's Green . . © © • 126 Walls and Bridges tº tº . 144
Houses, Smithfield . & © • 126 Separate Accounts for the West Quay Walls
Houses in Church Street, &c. tº . 126 , and for the Bridges Q = g . 145
Lands of Nodstown © © . 126 Advances from Inland Navigation Board . 145
Lands of Cappaloughlin tº tº • 127 Regulation of l’assage Boats gº . 145
Tithes of Mullingar º tº . 127 | Additional Ballastage º * * . 145
Kilcothy . . . tº © • 127 | Additional Tonnage ſº tº - 145
Annuity out of Houses on Wood Quay ... I 27 Extent of the Harbour Jurisdiction . - 145
Stock . . ge tº © • 127 Powers of Borrowing * > ſº - 145
Leases º tº tº © . 127 The Amount restricted to £50,000 . - 145
Letting & tº º g - 127 Sinking Fund te * e • 145
Casual Income tº e e • 128 Power to borrow £10,000 for New Bridge, to
Sheriffs’ and Aldermen's Contributions . 128 o be repaid by Grand Jury Presentments . 146
Bishops’ Contribution gº & • 128 Repair of Bridges . e tº . 146
Fines . o © tº . 128 Sales of North and South Lots regulated • 146
Tolls cº tº Q i º . 128 i Enactments respecting Howth Harbour - 146
Gross Income tº ſº Ǻ • 128 Enactments respecting Dunleary or Kingstown
Late Register, Defalcation of tº • 128 - Asylum Harbour tº - e. . 146,
Present Register, Accounts of * * . 128 Harbour Commissioners . . tº . 147
Audit of . ſº tº e • 128 Works to vest in Dublin Ballast Corporation . 147
Expenditure C º tº a . 129 Tonnage and other Duties applicable to that
Officers tº tº © tº • 129 Harbour . tº o tº . 147
Election of . cº º º • 129 Advance of £100,000 * tº . 147
Register's Salary . & e • 129 Advance of £60,000 tº tº . 147
Duties e º wº º • 129 Charge of £4,000 a-year on Lighthouse Duties 147
Chaplain, Salary of © e • 129 Harbour Master . º g . 147
Qualification of «» © º - 129 Harbour Constables . ſº º . 147
l)uties of . tº we º . 129 Kingstown Act . . g {º . 147
The Schoolmaster . * º . 129 Railway . s e tº . 147
Housekeeper * > g gº . 129 Steam-packet Company . . cº . 148
Surgeon and Physician, Salaries of . . 129 Lighthouses tº gº g . . 48
Organist . g º tº • 129 Former Powers of the Commissioners of Bar-
Servants . C º e • 129 racks ſe ge tº ſº . 148
Gross Amount of Salaries . º . 130 Of the Commissioners of Revenue . . 148
Apartments • tº * * * * • 130 * Of the Commissioners of Customs and Excise . 148
Expense of Boys . tº e • 130 Of the Dublin Ballast Corporation . . 148
Supplies . e © g . 130 Their present powers as to Lighthouses, &c. . 148
Dietary * o tº © • 130 Toimage and other Duties . º . 148
Debt . tº te te . 130 Communication with the Corporation (of Tri-
Foundling Hospital and Workhouse . 130 nity House * * gº . 148
Present mode of appointing Governors . 132 Alteration in Tonnage and other Duties . 149
Receipts and Disbursements * > . 133 Charge of £4,000 a-year on the Light Duties 149
House of Industry . tº tº . 134 Canals ſº * * º . 149
Present mode of appointing Governor - 135 Royal Canal *, tº gº . 149
Receipts and Disbursements º • 135 Grand Canal g tº tº • 149
Mendicity Association tº <> • 136 Docks º & º gº . 149
Richmond Lunatic Asylum . Ç . 137 Grand Canal Docks and Dockage . . 149
Lying-in Hospital . gº sº . 138 Custom House Docks and Dockage . - 149
Other Charitable Institutions tº . 139 Corporate Claims to Harbour Dues . . 149
Mercer's Hospital, Hospital of Incurables, Anchorage . * ** o . 149
Charitable łº º * . 139 Chapter and Guild . * © . . 49
Stevens’s Hospital . * > * . 139 Slippage . * * tº - 150
Hibernian Society for Soldiers' Children . 139 Lord Mayor’s and Water Bailiff's Dues . 151
Hibernian Marine Society . gº . 139 On Oyster Boats . © e - 15 l
Erasmus Smith’s Schools . sº . 139 On Coal Vessels . º tº • 153
RIVER, Port, AND HARBour . wº • 139 Observations se º wº • 154
Charters respecting . • * º • 139 Guild of Merchants’ Fees . wº • 154
Enactments respecting Qº © • 139 Abolition of the Exclusive Privileges' claimed
Corporation of Dublin made Conservators of by the Coal-meters * . 155
the Port, and Ballast Office erected ... 139 Compensation allowed to them ſº . 156
Ballastage . e tº , e ... 139 Coal Tax to form Compensation Fund . 156
Tonnage . tº tº º . 139 Port Duties of the Ballast Board ( > • 156
Pilotage . tº tº * • 140 Ballastage . * º tº ... } 56
Further Tonnage . tº & • 140 Mode of Collecting . º sº . 156
Ballast Office Committee . tº • 140 Pilotage . tº wº * * . 157
Parliamentary Grants * > tº • 140 Tommage . ge * tº - 157
Corporation for preserving and improving the Quayage . º g * - 157
Port and Harbour * > tº . 141 Timber Duties º tº tº • 158
Debt contracted by the Corporation of Dublin 141 Licence Duties dº tº º • 15S
Constitution of the New Body e • 141 Duties applicable to Dunleary Harbour • 158
Ballastage . • s © • 141 Dues at the Ballast Office, Patent Graving
Tonnage . tº tº tº . 141 Slip e tº Q_* © - 159
Wherries, &c. tº tº e e - 141 Dockage . ge & tº • 159
Quayage . º tº © • 14l At the Grand Canal Docks tºp . 159
Pilotage . ge º tº • 141 At the Custom House Docks tº . I 59
Harbour of Dunleary and Dalkey . . 141 Constitution of the Ballast Board . • 159
Powers of Borrowing ſº © . 141 Oath of Office tº * * . 160
Debentures . ſº © º • 141 Materials for the Works supplied by the Mem-
Accounting . Ç tº Q . 141 bers e tº º * . 160
Debt of the Corporation of Dublin charged on Construction of the Oath . * • 162
the Funds e tº * > . 142 Officers e ſº e we . 163
North and South Quay Walls and Lots . 142 Ballast Master tº A ſº • 163
North Lots . © º * . 142 Secretary . e * > dº • 164
Rates on the Acre Lots © g . 142 Secretary’s Clerk . tº tº • 164
Rates on the Foot Lots º • - 142 Bookkeeper and Clerk of the Cheque • 164
Committee of Proprietors . gº . 142 Inspector of Works . e g • 164
Additional Rate for Drainage * > • 143 Assistant Inspector . º * • 164
South Quay, Eastern part . © . 143 Pilot-master º * > gº • 164
New Tonnage Rates, Quayage Duties on Tim- Deputy Pilot-master © º • 164
ber, Stone, &c. , O O • 143 Haven-masters O © © • 164
t
CONTENTS,
V
Page
Supervisors of Ballast Lighters e . 163
Examinators of Light Duties e - 165
Messenger . ... • e tº . 165
Amount of Sa) ºries . ... • º . 165
Pensions and anowances . . e . 165
Business of the Board ū tº . 165
Ballast Department º e . 166
Pilot Department . ... • º . 166
Charge of Pilotage outwards on Colliers - 169
Defence of the Dublin Pilot System . . 169
Harbour . º o o • 170
Principal Works in the Harbour º . 171
Great North Wall . G jº . 171
Dredging . e º tº . 173
Graving Slips o º : . 177
Dunleary Harbour . º º . 179
Miscellaneous s º e ... , 179
Rents © tº º Ç • 179
Fines e º e e © 179
Proprietors of North Lots . . . 179
Balbriggan Harbour © º . 179
Audited Port Accounts . . . . e . 179
Light-houses and Light-ships . . . 180
Collection of the Lights Revenue . . 181
Disbursements e te ſº • 182
Building of Light-ships and Tenders . 183
Beacons . º º º . 183
Pensions and Charities º gº . 183
Incidental Charges . o º . 183
Audited Accounts . º te . 183
Separate Accounts kept º & - 184
Debenture Debt tº º ſº . 184
The Old Debt tº -> tº . 184
Restrictions on the Powers of Borrowing . 185
Consent of Lord Lieutenant & . 185
Consent of Treasury © º - 185
Interest e e e o - 185
Amount of Principal Money tº • 185
Provisions for a Sinking Fund º . 185
Disregard of the Restrictions º . 185
Issue of 255 Debentures º * . 185
Year 1822, 20 Debentures 4 Jan. . - 186
35 30 , , 11 April . 186
55 20 55 7 June . . 186
55 20 , , , 21 June - 186
35 10 53 5 July . • 187
,, . 10 , . 19 July . • 187
55 10 35 26 July . • 187
35 20 35 2 Aug. - 187
55 30 32 27 Sep. • 187
35 15 35 4 Oct. . • 187
Year 1823, 10 33 23 May . - 187
Re-issue of 126 Debentures . e • 187
Further Issue of Debentures in 1833 • 188
March 1, 50 Debentures . • 191
55 8, 30 35 e e . 191
» 15, 70 59 e tº • 191
» 29, 50 , º e . l 91
Practice of raising money on Fictitious Bills 191
Remarks . & e * . 192
Ballast Office Sinking Fund . º . 193
Departure from the fººd, of the Act . 194
Tables of Receipts and Disbursements • 194
General Remarks . w º • 201
FERRIES º e º tº . 207
Metal Bridge e • G . 208
VI. FAIRS AND MARKETS . gº . 209
Tolls and Customs e º . 210
Authority under which claimed tº . 210
Grant of Customs . ... • © • 21 l
Long Enjoyment of Customs º . 21 l
Petition to Irish House of Commons • 21 l
Schedule of Tolls and Customs e . 213
Amount of Tolls and Customs ce . 216
Mode of Collection . º e • 216
Goods by Grand and Royal Canals . . 216
Resistance to the Collection of Tolls . 216
Markets and Market Tolls . º . 217
Authority whence derived . C • 21 7
Market Juries e º © e 217
Number of Markets. º o • 2] 8
Smithfield Market . wº º . 218
Authority exercised by the Guild of Butchers 218
Removal of Pig Market º tº . 219
Smithfield Hay and Straw Markets . . 219
Hay and Straw Inspector, Duties of . • 220
Emoluments tº e * • 220
Amount of Seizures, and how disposed of • 221
Spitalfields Market . e º • 221
Spitalfields Weigh-master, his Duties and
Emoluments º e tº . 22]
Fees & © º © . 221
Kevin Street Market º o . 222
Fish Market * * tº ( ; . 222
Potato Market e te º . 222
Fruit Market e e º . 222
Egg and Fowl Market º º . 222
United Butter Crane, Thomas Street . 223
Butter Taster G tº © . 223
Page
Green Hide Crane º © '. 223
Duty of Green £11de Weigh-master . . 224
Leather Crane º tº & . 224
Corn Market º *º e • 224
º Thomas Street Market . º . 224
Grand Canal Harbour Market © . 224
Corn 12xchange º • º - 225
Assize of Bread, 1 Geo. II, c. 16; 29 Geo. II.,
"c. 11; 19 Geo. III., c. 17; 13 and 14
Geo. III., c. 17; 17 and 18 Geo.III., c. 17;
15 and 16 Geo. III., c. 22; 19 and 20 Geo.
III, c. 20; 21 and 22 Geo. III., c. 29;
33 Geo."l.II, c. 24 © º . 227
Minor Markets, and General Remarks . 227
General Remarks on Markets gº . 227
VII. CORPORATE PROPERTY e . 228
Revenues . ſº e º • 228
Estates ſº † o e . 228
Ancient Revenue . º e . 228
St. George's Rents . e o - 228
All Hallows' Rents . " . e . 228
St. Mary's Abbey and Thomas Court Rents . 228
Rental of the Estate of the City of Dublin . 229
Ancient Revenue . o e . 229
St. George’s Rents . © º . 237
Allhallows, or All Saints’ Res e . 238
St. Mary’s Abbey and Thomas Court Rents - 241
Recapitulation . e ſº . 243
Tenures . e º O . 244
Leases © º * © • 244
Lettings . º º º . 244
Rentals o e g wº . 244
Shippage and Anchorage . º . 245
Amount und Distribution of º . 245
Minister's Money and Church Cess . . 244
Casual Revenue e º e • 245
Fines on Admission of Freemen º • 246
Sesslums’ Fines º e e . 246
Expenditure º e -> • 246
Deut º º (ºr ſº . 246
Tontine º º & -> . 246
Rent and Taxes e º ſº . 246
Casual Expenses and Tradesmen's Bills • 247
PIPE WATER IłEvenue º e • 247
13 and 14 Geo. III., c. 22 . º . 248
15 and 16 Geo. III., c. 24 . & . 248
19 and 20 Geo. III, c. 13; 42 Geo. III.,
c. 1 17 . º e º . 248
49 Geo. III., c. 80 . º © . 249
Metal-main Act º º º . 249
Sinking Fund º º º . 249
Charges made by the Corporation on the Pipe-
water and Metal-main Rates . . 250
Reports of Commissioners of Imprest Accounts 251
Resolutions of Committee of House of Com-
'mons in 1823 cº º 9. . 252
Information in Chancery . & . 252
Answer of the Corporation . g . 252
Decree of House of Lords, 1827 º • 252
Accounts takeu, and Report . º . 253
Sixth Schedule º e º . 257
, Abstract from Eighth Schedule * - 258
Ninth Schedule º º º ... 259
Decree thereon º º º . 260
Pipe-water Rents, Rates, and Amount thereof 260
Supply uf Water . º º - 261
Basins º wº e © . 261
Management and Officers . º . 261
Pipe-water Committee , * « » . 261
Engineer . e º e • 261
Storekeeper and Book-keeper tº - 26 l
Supervisor of Pipe-water Revenue . • 262
Overseer e º º . 262.
Inspector of Pipe-water Collectors . • 262
Collectors . º e -> . 262.
Inspector of Turncocks e º • 262
lºxpenditure, Heads of & © . 262.
1. Rent and Taxes tº º • 262
2. Salaries º tº e • 263.
3. Casual Expenses and Tradesmens' Bills. 263.
4. Weekly Payments to the Commissioners
of Paving o º e º
5. Payments by the Storekeeper . . 263
Other Charges . ſº º . 263
Possible Reduction of the Rates º • 263
General City Accounts © e • 263
Alderman Sir John Kingston James, Bart. in
Account with the Honourable the Corpora-
tion of the City of Dublin. º • 264
Accounts, how kept . º e • 268
PATRONAGE . º & º . 268
Mansion House º o º . 268
lncorporated Guilds. Manorial Jurisdictions 268
APPENDIX I.
GUILDS . e e º © . 269
Order of . e e © • 269
GUILD or MERCHANTs • G • 269
Charters º e ſe © • 269
CONTENTS.
- Page Page
Assemblies . Cº. . © • 270 Weavers "T. º e o • 287
Constitution © º Q - 270 Shearmen; &c. © Q e • 288
Masters aud Wardens, how elected . . 270 Goldsmiths e © º . 288
I)uties of . ſº o • 270 Coopers . d © tº • 288
Privileges of º º º • 270 Felt-makers Q e tº • 288
Salaries' . e o º . 271 Cutlers º e o º . 288
Treedom . º tº te • 271 Bricklayers and Plasterers . © • 288
Two classes of Freemen ſº º • 271 Hosiers º º • º • 288
Admission by Right Ca © • 271 Curriers . o º © . 288
Fees and Stamp Duty © º . 271 Brewers " . • © e . 288
Number of Freemen. º e . 271 Apothecaries © © Q • 288
Oath tº e tº © * > 27]
Exclusion of Roman Catholics tº - 27 I APPENDIX II.
Privileges . º c e . 271
Clerks and Beadle, how elected º - 271 || MANORIAL JURISDICTION OR LIBERTIES 289
Salaries and Duties of . e - 271 Manors comprised within the Liberty of St.
Chaplain . º C e . 272 Sepulchre's . - e e • 289
Representatives in the Common Council . 272 Boundary of the Manor of St. Sepulchre's . 289
Property . º tº e a 272 Wards . e Q Q . 290
Debt e º tº e . 272 CIIARTERs sº º º g , 290
Côal Meters º o º • 273 1st Charter of John . º e . 290
Fees to Coal Meters. te º . 273 2d Charter of John o e , 290
2. Will. IV., c. 21 . ſº º • 273 31 Henry III. tº Q º . 290
Claim for Metage. 6 Geo. IV., c. 107, s. 111. Edward III. º tº tº • 290
2 and 3 Will. IV., c. 90 . º . 273 Richard II. © & e , 290
Mayor and Constables of the Staple . 273 Confirmed by Henry VI. . © . 291
GUILD of TAILons . tº g • 274 Charles I.' . - ſº e . 291
Charters . tº ſº o . 274 Officers, and how appointed . g , 292
7 Henry, 16th July . tº e - 274 Semeschal . o º º , 292
Charter, Car. II. . º & . 274 Deputy . º & e • 292
8 Will. III., 22d June º tºp . 274 Register . o © © . 292
Constitutián º º -> . 274 Marshal . º e º . 292
Master, how elected . e º . 274 Coroner, Weigh-master, and Clerk of the
Wardens, how elected º º - 275 Market . º tºo o . 292
Freedom . Q º º . 275 Constables of the Wards, Secretary, and Col-
Treasurer . º e e . 275 lector e • º e . 292
Côuncil of the House y º • 275 Portreeve' . º © º , 292
Property . Qº e º . 275 Jurisdiction of Libert tº - . 292
Debt . º & º . 275 Courts Leet. o º º . 292
Accounts . e © º . 275 Court Baron º * º . 292
THE or IIER GUILDs GENERALLY . - 275 Court of Record . g e , 292
Charters . g e º - 275 Criminal Jurisdiction º º . 292
Masters, &c., to be of the Trade . . 276 Court Fees . - º o . 292
Apprentices º le º • 276 Civil Bill Jurisdiction g ſº . 292
Quarterage . . e º o . 278 Marshalsea . º • © . 294
State of the Guilds and Interference with Trade 278 Time of Sitting © Q e , 294
GUILD or BRICKLAYER's . e . 279 Attorneys . º e e . 294
GUILD of BUT CH EIts º º . 279 Duty of Seneschal, and Emoluments . . 294
GUILD of GoLDSMIT IIs º º . 279 Register, his Duty and Salary º . 294
Charter, l Car. I. . cº & . 279 Fees ſº e º o . 294
Master’s Oath º º * . 280 Marshal, his Duty and Emoluments. . 294
Constitution º e -> • 280 Coroner º © º * @ . 295
Master and Wardens, Election of . . 280 Constable of the Ward o e - 295
Council te º e Q • 280 Inspector of Lights . e e . 295
Fees or Admission . o º . 281 The Grand Jury . º º , 295
Assay-Master & e º • 281 Secretary of Grand Jury . e . 295
Deputy . . * > tº • . 281 Collector . º º e . 295
Weigher and Drawer gº º . 281 Traverses of Presentments . e . 295
Beadle and Clerk . º º . 281 Paving and Repairing, Cleansing and Lighting 295
Assaying of Gold and Silver Plate, confided to Court-house and Prison & º , 296
the Goldsmith's Company for a term of Years 281 Clerk of the Market and Weigh-master . 296
Salary of Assay-master $ º . 281 Incidental emoluments te © . 296
The Assaying and Stamping of Gold regulated 281 IButter Taster º sº º • 297
Prices payable to the Goldsmiths’ Company Market Juries º sº g . 297
for Gold assayed . & º . 282 Fairs, Markets, Tolls • º . 298
Application of the Moneys received for Assay- Kevin-street Market. dº o . 298
ing . . © © º , 282 Patrick-street Market tº & . 298
Office Hours º Q º . 282 LIBERTY or MANOR OF THIOMIAs Court AND Donor E 298
Books to be kept . gº º • 282 Charters . © tº º . 299
Power to make Bye-Laws . © . 283 Statutes . © tº º . 299
Touch Warden © ę o • 283 Courts . e & © . 299
His Salary . g e º • 283 Court House º G e • 300
Registry of Dealers in Gold or Silver Wares . 283 Seneschal, how appointed . o • 300
Fee ... • º º & • 283 Marshal, how appointed g & . 300
Power of Goldsmith’s Company to appoint Clerk of the Markets e º . 301
Assay-masters of Gold and Silver through- Markets . O tº º • 301
out Ireland º o © . 283 Weighmaster e tº º • 30l
Further Regulations for securing the Payment Disputes with Lord Mayor . o . 301
of the King's Duty g g . 283 LIBERTY or THE DEAN AND CHIAPTER of St.
Per-centage on the Duty granted to the Gold- PATRIck . . . º º . 302
Smiths’ Company . º * . 284 Seneschal . © º © ... 302
Management of the Duties transferred to the MANor or GLAssNEVIN or GRANGE GoRMAN .. 302
Commissioners of Stamps e . 284 Limits of . e tº e . 302
Regulations for Assay-office º . 284 Charter © © º © . 302
Duty of Assay-master º o . 285 Semeschal . © º © . 303
Duty of Touch Warden and Deputy Assay- Register and Marsha •, º . 303
master . e º © . 285 Civil Bill Jurisdiction Q º . 303
Duty of Weigher and Drawer © . 285 Rehearings . © º © - 304
Return of Property by the Guilds . . 286 Court-house º sº © . 304
Smiths © Q e <> . 286 Interference of Lord Mayor. º . 304
Barbers . e º o • 286 Prison Q © e º • 304
Bakers º tº e º . 286 MANOR Court of GRANGE GoRMAN © . 304
Butchers . © º º . 286 MANor of KILMAINIIAM º © . 304
Carpenters . & º . 286 Register and Marshal º º • 304
Shoemakers º c º - 287 Local Taxation of the Liberties © - 305
Saddlers . e © º . 287 Supply of Water . iº e • 305
Cooks and Vintners. º g . 287 In St. Sepulchre's . º º . 305
Tanners . o º º . 287 In Thomas Court and Donore, º . 305
Tallow-chandlers, &c. e º . 287 Liberty l’ountains . tº cº . 305
Glovers and Skinners Q º . 287 Remarks . łº © * . 306
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 117
DUBLIN.
Opportunities were given, as prescribed by the statute, to individuals to appeal to the com-
missioners against the rate of valuation on their houses. Many persons availed themselves of
this power, and the valuation was in some instances corrected on such appeals. Some instances
of apparent inequality of valuation were pointed out to us in the lists, but the general impres–
sion appears to be that, substantially, the valuation fairly represents the relative values of the
houses, &c. comprised in it.
It is of the first importance in any arrangements on the subject of the local taxation of
Dublin that the new valuation should be, in the first instance, adopted as the main basis of
assessment; but there are several considerations to be attended to in adopting that work, which
should be provided for to prevent injustice to individuals.
The chief of these is an inevitable consequence of the principle on which the valuation was
made, as stated to us by the secretary to the commissioners.
Their valuation was calculated on their judgment of the annual value of each house as it
appeared and was occupied at the time of their investigation, supposing it to be let ſor a year,
without considering any prospective deterioration. This mode of valuation necessarily was
calculated to produce, on the whole, a somewhat larger rental than under ordinary circumstances
could be obtained by the proprietors, and to lead to serious inequalities in the course of a few
years between the real and mominal values of houses in declining situations. Some instances
of such changes having taken place since the Report of the Commissioners was made, were
stated to us, and many more changes of a like mature have probably already occurred.
It is not only in the deterioration of the properties valued, that changes are to be noticed.
Many houses, even whole streets, have been built since the Report was made, and others have
undergone material alterations, largely increasing their annual value.
It is obvious, therefore, that power should be given, under any new arrangements, to remedy
these consequences, and to provide for a continued revision of the valuation by competent
authorities.
By the 20th section of the Act His Majesty's castle of Dublin, and other houses belonging
to His Majesty, and all hospitals, were excepted from the valuation. Some other public build-
ings of great extent, as the College, Bank of Ireland, Royal Exchange, Linen Hall, and King's
Inns, were also omitted by the Commissioners, as being in character essentially different from
private dwellings or premises, and (with the exception of the Bank) being exempt from minister's
money. Many of these establishments are, however, at present rated to local assessments, and
the chief commissioner of the paving board enumerated to us assessments of paving tax on
such premises amounting to about 2,500l. per annum, which would be no longer available if the
taxation were to be limited to the buildings comprised in the new valuation. The paving tax
is also chargeable on ground not built upon, and the chief commissioner of the paving board
stated that further charges, to the amount of about 2,000l. were available from such premises,
which are also excluded from the new valuation.
149. The Supply of Water to the inhabitants of the city has long been under the manage-
ment of the corporation of Dublin, who have been enabled by the legislature to levy certain
pipe-water rents or rates. The produce of these rates forms an important branch of the revenue
of the corporation; and as the subject of the rates is much involved with questions as to the
liability of the corporation for mismanagement of the funds and trusts vested in them, we deſer
our statement of the pipe-water affairs to the part of this Report which treats of the property of
the corporation.
150. The Poddell River, which flows, under ground, through a considerable portion of the
southern side of the city, adjacent to the cathedral of St. Patrick, His Majesty's castle of
Dublin, &c., and empties itself into the Liffey, below Essex-bridge, has been the subject of
legislative regulation from an early period.
By the 8 Hen. VII. c. 1, every man who doth dwell or inhabit, or hath a house or shop
upon the Poddell, upon every part thereoſ, shall cleanse and scour the precinct of his tenement
or inheritance to the said channel, as it was of old time, upon pain of 20s, to be levied by the
proctor of the church of St. Patrick for the time being.
By the 17, 18 Car. II. c. 21, the following persons (or five of them, whereof the Archbishop
of Lublin should be ome) were appointed commissioners for preserving the cathedral of St.
Patrick's from ruin or decay, by reason of the nuisance and inundation of the Poddell; viz-
The Mayor of the City of Dublin, His Majesty's Attorney and
The Archbishop of Dublin, Solicitor-General,
Edward, Earl of Meath, The Dean of the Cathedral Church of the
The Lord Chief Justice of Chief Place, Holy Trinity, Dublin,
The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, The Dean of the Cathedral Church of St.
The Chief Baron of His Majesty's Court of Patrick, Dublin, and
Exchequer, The Recorder of the City of Dublin,
His Majesty's Principal Secretary of Slate,
for the time being. Powers were conferred upon them, for enabling them to execute their com-
mission; and (by s. 8) in case they should find that the diverting of the streams could not be
effected without some considerable expense, they were empowered to lay such tax or assessment
upon the dean, dignitaries, and prebends of the cathedral church of St. Patrick, and the
several inhabitants of St. Patrick-street and the close of the cathedral, and on all persons that
live within the liberties of St. Sepulchre's and Donore, or within the level and danger of the
inundation, as they should conceive should be sufficient to defray the charges of making a new
hº
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
SUPPLY of WATER.
PopDELL RIVER
TAx.
Provisions of the
statutes.
DUBLIN.
118 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Board of Commis-
S101101’S.
Officers.
Inspector.
Secretary.
Surveyor.
graft or current, or scouring or cleansing the old grafts or currents, for preventing the inunda-
tion and confluence of waters to the overflowing of those parts; Provided (s.9) that no person
be rated or assessed to the tax in one year above the sum of 5l.; and the commissioners were
authorized to cause the moneys to be equally rated, assessed, and taxed upon the several
parishioners and inhabitants of the places aforesaid; and the same to be levied and collected by
distress and sale of the offender's goods.
By the 36 Geo. III. c. 44, the following were added to the former commissioners:–
The Vicar or Vicars-General of the Diocese The Chancellor of the Cathedral Church of
of Dublin, St. Patrick,
The Archdeacon of Dublin, The Lord of the Manors of Thomas Court
and Domore,
and “the Keeper of the Signet or Privy Seal” is named instead of “His Majesty's Principal
Secretary of State.” The commissioners, or any three of them (save in certain cases) are
empowered to carry the former Act and this Act into execution; and, to raise a fund for the
}. the commissioners, or any five of them, shall, as often as they shall find it necessary,
ay such tax and assessment as they shall think sufficient to defray the expense of the execution
of this Act, upon the dean, dignitaries, and prebendaries of the said cathedral church of St.
Patrick's, Dublin, and upon every house in the liberties or baronies of St., Sepulchre's, and
Thomas-court and Donore, in the said Act named, and upon every house then built, or there-
after to be built, situate in the city of Dublin, or in the adjoining liberties or baronies of St.
Sepulchre's, Thomas-court and Domore, or in the county of Dublin, and which houses were,
or should be also liable to the tax for the support of the workhouse or foundling hospital,
and under which houses the said watercourse ran or should run, or from whence any water
should flow through any sewer or drain into the said watercourse; and upon every house then
built or thereafter to be built on both sides of streets in the city, or in the said adjoining liber-
ties or baronies, or in the county of Dublin, and which houses were or should be liable to the
tax for the support of the workhouse or foundling hospital, the kennels of which streets
empty and discharge themselves into the said watercourse, or into any sewer or drain commu-
nicating with, or leading or running into, the said watercourse.
This tax was not to exceed in any one year 18, in the pound of the respective yearly values or
rents according to which such houses were chargeable to the foundling hospital tax, nor to
exceed 3/, for any one house in one year.
The commissioners were also directed to rate and assess upon the dean, dignitaries, and
prebendaries of the said cathedral church of St. Patrick's, and on His Majesty's castle of
Dublin, and the precincts thereof, comprehended within the places from whence the said waters
descend into the said watercourse, and through which the said watercourse runs, such rate
and assessment as the commissioners, or any five or more of them, should think reasonable; and
they should specify in the order of assessment to be made by them the time when such rate
and assessment should be paid.
The Act enabled the commissioners to appoint an inspector, at a salary not exceeding 10l. a
year, his duties being to view the watercourse, sewers, drains, apertures, and communications,
and to inspect and execute the buildings, works, and repairs ordered by the commissioners for
repairing and preserving it, with powers for emabling him to execute the required works; also,
proper persons to be collectors of the rates, and a treasurer, who was bound (on oath, iſ required
by the commissioners,) on the 1st of March in every year, or oſtener iſ required, to give in a true,
exact, and perfect account in writing, under his hand, of all money which he has received, paid,
and disbursed, by virtue of his office, twelve months preceding the 1st of March, and from whom,
and to whom, and for what purposes, and on what occasion, and at what times.
The Commissioners of this Board, which is almost exclusively composed of official persons,
have neglected, and well-nigh abandoned the performance of their duties altogether. Years have
elapsed without their having had a meeting. There has not been any legal meeting since 1830.
The meetings have sometimes been appointed at the Mansion-house, sometimes at the Sessions-
house, for the sake of having the presence of the lord mayor and recorder, who are members.
Five must be present to make an assessment, but any three can make orders for other purposes;
yet, such has been the difficulty of getting a meeting of the commissioners, that the inspector
habitually executes any matter he thinks proper to be dome, without waiting for an order from
the board.
The Officers of the Board are, their
Inspector,
Secretary,
Surveyor,
Collector,
Treasurer.
The office of Inspector is defined by the statute of 36 Geo. III., as already mentioned. It is
made his duty to execute all buildings, works, and repairs ordered by the commissioners; his
salary not to exceed 101. (Irish) a year. But it appears the Inspector has had, besides, a salary
of 25l. (Irish), as “superintendent” for conducting the works—an obvious violation of the
Statute.
This officer is also the collector, and has, in fact, the management of the entire of the affairs.
He keeps the books called the collector's books, and the books for the expenditure of the
works.
The statutes do not give a Secretary to the commissioners, but the Register of the Diocese of
Dublin has usually acted as secretary, and has received “compensation” occasionally for his
services, 201, or 30l. at a time; no adequate services appear to be rendered.
The Surveyor assists the inspector in preparing an estimate of the probable expense of the
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, IN IRELAND. I 19
DUBLIN.
intended works previously to imposing an assessment, and is paid by an order of the board for
his trouble.
The Collector is paid 7% per cent, upon the sums collected; the allowance was formerly 5
per cent. The present inspector is also appointed collector, but employs a person to do the
duty for him; to this person he pays only 5 per cent, being himself allowed 73 per cent. The
board have not required any security from him, but the person employed by him has given him
seeurity. A former collector was a defaulter, but had given security; and his sureties having
been sued, the amount for which he failed was, after a trial, recovered.
The Treasurer is always one of the commissioners, and receives no salary or compensation.
The deans of St. Patrick, it seems, have usually held the office.
The inspector states, that, as he has received sums on account of the tax, he carried on the
works with them, and accounted with the dean for them; that the dean is seldom in town, but
that when he got a large sum of money (as the 280l. assessed upon the Castle of Dublin) he
handed it to the dean; and when he had not money, and the dean had, he drew further from him.
Upon the death of Dean Keatinge a sum in his hands exceeding 100l., belonging to this fund,
was lost; he died insolvent, and there were no means of recovering it.
The deans keep a book called the Treasurer's book. We had not the advantage of examining
the present dean upon our inquiry.
There have been thirteen assessments under the Act of 1796, six of them at 1s. in the pound;
one at 9d, one at 8d., four at 6d., and one at 4d. The particulars of the receipts and disburse-
ments appear by the following Return:-
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Collector.
Treasurer.
Receipts and
Disbursements.
Q 2
A RETURN of Tax and other Monies Received and Expended, pursuant to the Acts 17th and 18th Chas. II, chap. 21, and Act 36th Geo. III., chap. 44, for Preventing the Inundation of the Poddell River in Dublin
AMOUNT OF TAX AND OTHER MONIES RECEIVED. EXPENDITURE.
Amount A t Received A t of 4-
I R . . . § Total Amount Assº; *ade For For Fº dº..., n: to l Incidental Poundage Deficiencies, OBSERVATIONS.
nterest, Fine, 17, 18 Car. I l. the Valuati Purch ~~~ * tary ſuspector a: - to - -
º º c. 21, i 36 Received. ". ºil." Works. º: of 17 ; and Law Aº * sººn Charges. Cºllector of aS stated II] ToTAL.
and. Geo. III. c. 44. Hospital Tax. xpenses. CI) (la I; CC. of Works. the Tax. Observations.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. E. s. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. d. - z
1795 || This Assessment, made **) 657 13 7 858 8 I S ! £. s. d. f. s. d £. s. d.
to the Act of Charles II. º º e 0 g e e tº e e J e e tº • . . tº tº e & G. 858 8 l Mr. #: º: Inspector and Fº
1796 | Assessment, pursuant to Act 36 - me Shillin: to º gº.º.º.º.º.º. . . .
º } . 1,248 18 ll; . . . ‘....'...}} 630 7 83 558 2 5 22 15 0 | . 20 14 4} . . . & © 123, 19 6 |##########".º.""
1797 © tº 0 & * G 1,225 17 10 © e e At One Shilling, 386 15 9 e tº º e tº e 22 15 0 © e - 2 15 3 9 agº •
#; e e 9 º 843 l 5} . . . At Sixpence." | 583 's 3 | 400 0 8 16 6 22 l 5 0 | . . . 2 3 4 ... : 1; ; } |...tº:
7 tº e º e © º ºs & © e * * * * 450 15 l; © tº e © º e e tº º & º 0. gº º º ’130 13 - A.
1800 tº e º tº tº & 1,433 12 l © e e At One Shilling. 818 3 0 º e Q & tº e - g tº e 3 15 10 tº e e © e a § 3 ; p. v. * ~ **
išni | Interest on Deventures . . . . 7 it 0 | "... © e e e is a e 25l 10 2 | . e is tº 5 13 9 | . . . © e e : e e O § { }}|ºjº
#| ||. . . . . . 15 0 0 | 1,110 4 7 tº e e At Ninepence. 330 l 8 . . . • * * * * * tº tº tº 2 3 4 - e e G § . . .º.º.
18 3 - Q e tº e º e © A-w 10 0 e tº a e & & e e 2 S º - • * * * * * • this löeturn.
#| Duo ... • e e tº ſº o : ; ; ; ), *... " " ' " sº " : : : | * * * | *; ; , º,
1805 a tº gº tº & º 1,363 6 4} . . . . At One Shilling. 21 1 0 , 0} . . . tº e º tº e > tº e ſº 3 & 1 | .. & e e * , ºr ****
łº, A Fine received per Inspector . 1 0 0 tº º e e tº tº º º º 869 6 l l ; e s - & 34 2 6 35 0 0 | | 7 6 e tº ſº º 945 16 lº
0 º tº Gº tº & & to g e Q & © e e - e. 97 4 l; e o e - 35 0 0 e Q e e & © e - - &
1808 || For Sand sold, per Inspector . 9 15 0 585 5 7% tº G º At Sixpence. 566 4 } e º * * * § 3 ; º e - e e s º : }
1809 tº e º 'º º º º e e º ºg tº • e e - tº e e e 35 0 0 º º tº e tº 6 tº e 9 s
1810 • * * © e 678 7 7 tº ſº At Sixpence. 465 12 7 50 0 0 || 35 0 0 || 7 || 9 || 26's 3 | ... ; : }
# © e º e tº e. © s e e e e dº º tº 0 18 3 0 © © º e tº gº º 35 0 0 1 10 4 4- º ſº º º 54 13 4
8 e e - © e tº * * e tº e C e e º e 152 3 6% e 1 l () 0 e tº º 35 0 0 e e e e e tº º º 198 3 6%
1813 © tº e s e G 668 13 4 e e g At Sixpence. 262 l l 1 o tº e - tº e e 35 0 0 || 8 15 10 || 50 2 9 e s > 356 0 6;
#: º º o tº 9 º' e & O e e º e 69 9 0 © * - ſº tº & Cº 35 0 0 || 5 4 0 Q & ©. º. º. i09 13 0.
O © tº 0 e tº e • e e tº º º e º 'º 69 11 7% tº tº º • * 0. tº e 9 35 0 0 e is ſº tº a º © e e 104 l l 71
# e c tº e G. e. 407 3 9 e G e At Fourpence. 301 8 11%. . . . tº e a © a º 35 0 0 | 12 6 33 30 10 6 tº a ſe 376 5 9°
1818 tº g º e © tº © tº º © º º e - ºn tº © º º & © & & © . 33 0 0 tº tº º - tº e I 19 18 9 154 18 9 Dr. Keatinge, Dean of St. Patrick's, and
tº º O & e G e - © º, º º . . . . 2 13 3 tº º º tº e e tº º e 35 0 () tº tº e tº e e e 37 l; 3 Treasurer, died, and the sum of 1191 18s. 9d.
1819 e tº e e © tº 640 2 7 e & At Eightpence. 126 18 11} e 6 & s & © tº Q - 35 0 0 12 16 0 || 48 0 0 222 14 l l k \,. in his hands. The Commissioners, in
1820 tº 9 e e º e tº º ºs º & e º e 26 16 10 e a tº tº º º tº e e 35 0 0 tº º e o e & Téï 16 }} December. 1817, directed the Secretary to
182] º o © e. e. e & © tº a P e 53 9 l () & © tº tº º - tº e Q 35 0 (0 e e e º - write to Meade Hobson, Esq., as Admi;
1822 tº G & e C & 88 9 10 mistrator to the Dean, for the amount; but it
º © Q * c → tº e e 3 l 6 • s e e Gº º e - tº 35 0 0 e tº º tº a tº e s tº 38 l 6 appears that Mr. Hobson had no effects
#: e 0 & C tº º tº o º e e Q © s e e 2 6 11 tº ſº º tº e Q & 35 0 () tº º 0. º e º 37 6 1 l available for the repayment of the sum due.
e tº º © 6 e - e. tº g o * e º 'º 14 13 0 © e e e e tº º e 35 0 0 | . . . tº gº e tº
; tº e ∈ º 865 1 3 e e 9 At One Shilling. 522 2 2 9 tº e 20 15 1 tº e 35 0 0 || 10 6 7%. 64 iž 6 .. e º 1: h
tº e º C. tº e Q e º tº ſº e º 55 0 0} º e e Q © º º 5 e G º 2
1827 e G. & © e • Q º e tº o © e º e 24 8 8" ... º e G ; | } 3 # 0 & t tº e ſº dº ; || ||
40 15 0 |ll,727 9 0 8,743 12 6: 986 0 0 || 609 8 10 | 180 16 3 || 770 0 0 || 107 14 7 || 219 19 0 | 123 8 2 | 11,740 19 43 Irish currency.
1828 10,825 6 84 sº º iſ: 910 3 03| 562 l l 23, 166 18 l 710 15 44, 99 8 10 |203 0 74 113 18 3}| 10,837 16 4 || British Currency.
e Q e tº & e © º e s ſº tº e e º º & tº e * tº e tº º º 32 6 2
1829 © & e tº ſº 756 16 9 tº e e * * * * o 8 & e tº e º Q & O 46 9 2 -
1830 tº e O O 11,582 3 5} At One Shilling. #: ; l, e e Q 3 3 0 & O & 32 6 2 14 18 6 || 58 12 8 & e e 302 14 3 The Amount of Assessment on Dwelling-
1831 37 iž 33 y '4 s g º e pººr aw s a º Q - G 32 6 2 tº e e tº s o e - e. 216 17 2 houses liable to be charged for this year's
ſº e º e 4 © to 37 12 3; & e º 'º 77 8 7 tº e ſº © e Q 32 6 2 gº tº º tº e 109 14 9 Works was 1,016/. 16s. 8d., of which only
1832 l ºsmºs-ºs- & tº e ; § 9d. was . in consequence
• . . . & e © tº 11,619 15 9 tº e e - 18 12 7 e 0 & * G - 32 6 2 e e º, pu jº on to the payment of the
1833 | The Treasurer in advance . . . . . © a 3 16 0 tº 26 13 2 . e G tº Q & 32 6 2 e : : : ". . . ."...ºn.s.º.º.
jº: and the Dean's Liberty,
l 3 5 3. - Tom wheuce the great f tº
1 1,623 l l 9 sºs, 5 a gro 3 of 365 in 2, 166 is Tooa º qua 7 aſ 251 is alſTa is alling To ||...}..."
§

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 121
DUBLIN.
The Accounts of this board have not been audited by the Commissioners of Public Accounts,
nor have the rate-payers had any control over them. The inspector could not inform us where
the vouchers were. In the change of deans, he said, the documents were not taken care of ; the
treasurer's book was all that was looked for. -
The Assessments are made upon a previous report of the inspector as to the state of the
river, accompanied by an estimate of the probable expense of the necessary works.
They are not imposed annually, but when it is considered that a necessity appears.
The assessments consist, by law, of three distinct parts:– -
1st, A rate upon the Dean, Dignitaries, and Prebendaries of St. Patrick's.
2d, A rate upon His Majesty's Castle of Dublin.
3d, A rate upon houses. -
A certain ratio has been adopted for forming these relative assessments; thus
Where the rate upon houses was assessed at 1s. in the pound, 201, have been assessed in
respect of the cathedral, and 280l. in respect of the castle; and
Where the rate upon houses was at 6d. in the pound, 10l. have been imposed for the
former, and 140l. for the latter.
We could not discover upon what principle these assessments were adopted; that in respect
of the cathedral seems much below the fair proportion; a circumstance attributable probably
to the number of clerical commissioners under the Act of 1796.
This rate has not been assessed, individually, upon the dean, dignitaries, and prebendaries,
on whom the statute appears to impose it, but upon the corporation of the dean and chapter;
a result which may be ascribed to the same cause.
Upon the last assessment upon the castle of Dublin, the Board of Works disputed the fairness
of the rate, alleging that in proportion to the extent of ground covered by the castle, compared
with the remainder of the district assessed, the rate was too high: the amount, however, was
afterwards paid. -
In practice, the rates upon Houses have been made upon all houses, the channels in front of
which in the street, or the sewers, communicate with the Poddell river.
An extraordinary state of things has arisen with regard to this rate, from the repeal, in 1822,
of the Foundling Hospital Tax by the 3 Geo. IV. c. 35. The Statute of 1796 directed, that
the Poddell River Rate should not exceed in one year ls. in the pound of the yearly value,
according as the houses were chargeable to the Foundling Hospital Tax, and limited the assess-
ment to houses which “are or shall be also liable” to that tax; and hence serious doubts have
been entertained, whether, as the Foundling Hospital Tax was repealed, and the houses were no
longer liable to its payment, any rate can legally be imposed under the 36 Geo. III. The
commissioners, however, having submitted a case to the attorney-general (Mr. Plunket), he
gave his opinion, that the assessment could still be made on the Foundling Hospital Valuation,
notwithstanding the repeal of the Foundling Hospital Tax; and thereupon they made the rate
of 1829, which is the latest that has been imposed.
This rate consisted of 2,632 items of valuation (dwelling-houses), and amounted to
1,016!. 16s. 8d., exclusively of the sums assessed upon the cathedral and the castle.
Houses which had been built since the last valuation to the Foundling Hospital Tax were
not rated, there being no provision for the purpose. On this account it appears that 145 houses
were omitted from the assessment of 1829 which otherwise would have been rateable; the
number of houses benefited, but exempt on this account, must now be greater.
In imposing this rate there were just five commissioners present, and it was very difficult to
procure their attendance; two or three meetings were called before so many as five could be
got to attend.
The rate met with considerable opposition, and a public meeting of the inhabitants was
held, who memorialized the board. In 1830, a board of three commissioners attended ; a
replevin had issued, at the suit of a party distrained upon for the tax, but the proceedings
were dropped on the representation of the commissioners that they would endeavour to have
some alteration made in the Act, and the duties placed under the commissioners of paving; a
proposal at which some did not appear to be pleased. The general resistance, however, to the
payment of the tax continued ; and after a lapse of four years, Mr. Maguire (the collector
and inspector) considered it useless to proceed further in the collection, and closed the account
on the 25th March, 1833; the gross amount of the tax collected (exclusively of the cathedral
and castle rates) having been 472l. 18s. 10d.
Although the house rate of 1829 amounted to 1,016l. 16s. 8d., as above mentioned, and shown
to us by the inspector, it is otherwise stated in the letter addressed by the commissioners to the Lord
Lieutenant, in January 1830, requesting payment of the rate assessed upon the castle. They
therein say, that they did, “on the 7th day of May last, make an assessment on the estimate
laid before them by their inspector, for works necessary to be done in said river, amounting to
the sum of 823/. 7s. 4d. Sterling; and as directed by the 27th section of said Act, did assess the
sum of 5231. 7s. 4d. on all dwelling-houses situate on the sides of streets in the city of Dublin
and liberties of St. Sepulchre, Thomas court and Donore, or county of Dublin, from which
any water flowed into the said Poddell river; the sum of 20l., on the cathedral church of
St. Patrick; and the sum of 280l. on His Majesty's castle of Dublin.” &
A difficulty appears to exist as to ascertaining the houses liable to assessment in another
respect, namely, from the want of means of ascertaining from what houses the water flows into
the Poddell river, through other sewers or drains; which are for the most part under the
control of other bodies. -
An injustice also arises in taxing houses, the waters from which, or from the kennels of the
streets along which they lie, at the passing of the Act of 1796 flowed into the river from sewers
or drains since stopped up or removed, but which are now discharged by other means: and it is
remarkable, that that Act itself (s. 3) enabled the commissioners “to stop any opening to or
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Accounts.
Assessments.
In respect of St.
Patrick’s Cathedral
and Dublin Castle.
Upon Houses.
Objections and op-
position to the Rate.
DUBLIN.
122 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Proposed Transfer
to the Commis-
sioners of Paving.
LYING-IN-Hos-
PITAL TAxEs.
Rates on Sedan-
chairs.
Rates on Houses in
Rutland Square.
RATEs on Houses
IN MERRION-
SQUARE.
communication with the said watercourse from any house, yard, or other place, through which
any matter may be conveyed to the said watercourses, which may cause obstructions therein.”
It is alleged, that the system of sewers of the Commissioners of Paving is at present deranged,
by the circumstance that they are unable to interfere with the course of the Poddell river, or
make sewers into it, or make use of its waters for beneficial public purposes, although a
proper appropriation of its waters would conduce to the cleanliness of the city, and the health of
the inhabitants.
A correspondence took place early in the year 1830, in which four of the Poddell River Com-
missioners requested the Lord Lieutenant to consider the propriety of having a bill introduced for
an Act to west their powers in the Commissioners for Paving, The Lord Lieutenant referred the
matter to the Commissioners of Paving. They reported, that the requisite repair and cleansing the
river, &c. would amount, in the first instance, to 961/. 0s. 6d., and that the annual cost of its future
maintenance would amount to 120l. ; that it appeared desirable for the public that the proposed
transfer should be carried into effect, the expense attending the care of the river being provided
by a reasonable assessment upon St. Patrick's cathedral and the castle of Dublin, and that the
assessment upon private houses, under the 36 Geo. III. should be abandoned, as they seemed
incapable of paying it; and that with respect to them also, the river was in the mature of a sewer,
which (they were advised) should be a charge upon the general funds of that board; and that
under these regulations, and a fund being provided for the present repair and cleansing, they
did not see any objection to the proposed transfer.
151. In 1785 an Act (25 Geo. III, c. 43) was passed for the lighting and watching of Rutland
Square, and for the better support and maintenance of the Hospital for the relief of poor Lying-
in women in the city. By this Act the Governors of the Foundling Hospital and Workhouse
were required to levy Il. 15s. 6d. per annum for every Sedan-chair kept in the city or within
one mile thereof, except hackney sedan-chairs and those kept by the makers for sale, above all
other sums payable; such sums to be paid over to the Governors and Guardians of the Lying-in-
Hospital, except 6d. in the pound for collecting. The 48 Geo. III. c. 140, s. 64, required the
receiver of the police district of Dublin metropolis to account with the hospital for such sums of
money. By the 25 Geo. III. s. 20, in order to create a permanent fund for lighting the lamps
or globes, which may be placed on the rails or other fence enclosing the garden ground, and
likewise to promote the benefit of the Lying-in-Hospital, all the houses from Nos. 1 to 48
(set forth in the schedule) shall for ever be chargeable and liable to the annual payment of
ls. 9d. for each foot running measure in front, to the guardians and governors of the hospital
for the benefit thereof, and for the perpetual lighting of the lamps on the rail of the said fence,
the same to be paid half-yearly, viz., on the 1st of November and 1st of May; and (by s. 21)
for the due regulation of the lights in the front of the several houses on the East, North, and
West sides of the square, it was enacted, that all lights or lamps erected before those houses
should be lighted by order and under the direction of the guardians and governors of the
hospital; and in order to defray the expense they were authorized to demand, receive, and levy
by distress and sale, the sum of 34s. by the year for each globe, lamp, or lamp-iron, erected by
any inhabitant occupier or proprietor of the said houses in front thereof. By section 22, the
inhabitants of the houses, not exceeding thirty feet in front, were compelled to erect one lamp-
iron, with a proper globe or lamp on the front railing; the inhabitants of houses exceeding
thirty feet, and not exceeding forty feet in front, to erect two; and the inhabitants of houses
exceeding forty feet in front, to erect three. By section 24, the inhabitants from No. 1 to
No. 48, on complying with the requisites of this Act, were exempted from any tax or imposition
whatsoever, imposed by virtue of any law “now in force, or hereafter to be made, for the
lighting or regulating the lamps of the city of Dublin, or any part thereof.” We have already
stated (page 77) the provisions of the subsequent Acts, 47 Geo. III., 50 Geo. III, and 54
Geo. III., bearing upon these enactments, as to the lighting of the square ; and (page 84,) the
mode adopted by the Commissioners of Paving for rating the houses in this square, for paving
and cleansing only.
The above Act of the 25 Geo. III., contained some general regulations as to private and
hackney sedan-chairs, for preventing nuisances to fountains and conduits, and for enabling grand
juries throughout Ireland to present money for support of females to be instructed at this hos.
pital: it also provided that the governors of the hospital should account annually before the
Commissioners of Imprest Accounts, for the several receipts and expenditures of money received
by virtue of this Act or otherwise, on account of the charity, and it enabled them to borrow a
sum of 5,000l. for completing their buildings, &c., and to make bye-laws for the regulation of
their concerns.
The produce of the tax exceeds the expense of lighting the square, and painting and keep-
ing the railing in order, only by a few pounds, as appears by the accounts of the hospital
hereinafter mentioned.
x- w wr-------. —ºr- T; —r—r—r:
152. By the 31 Geo. III. c. 45, certain commissioners were empowered to contract for
making, improving, and enclosing Merrion-square. The number of commissioners, named in
the Act was 23, and the surviving commissioners (five being present) were empowered, upon
notice of the death or resignation of any commissioner, to elect in his place another person, being
a proprieton or inhabitant of any house of the square.
By section 2, in order to create a permanent fund ſor the purpose, all and every the houses and
tenements, &c., on the north, east, south, and west sides (as therein described and set forth in a
schedule) were made chargeable with an annual payment of such sum as the commissioners,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 123
DUBLIN.
or any five of them, should by writing, under their hands and seals, direct and appoint, not
exceeding the rate of 3s, for each foot, running measure, which the fronts contain (as in the
schedule), to the commissioners, for the purpose of completing the enclosure, improving the
inside of the square, and for providing for and paying the necessary rent, and other expenses
which might attend the obtaining the ground within the enclosure; to be payable during 147
years, half-yearly, viz., 1st of May and Ist of November.
The commissioners were empowered to raise money by mortgage of the fund, or debentures
thereon, for the purposes of the Act; and by the 40 Geo. III. c. 62, s. 12, they were required
to account before the Commissioners of Imprest Accounts.
The accounts of the commissioners of this square, published in the 19th, 20th, and 21st
Reports of the Commissioners for auditing Public Accounts in Ireland, exhibit the following
details:— -
RECEIPTS.
Merrion Square Gas Light From º .
Tax. sº. Subscribers. For Keys. Total.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jam. 1830 399 12 0 28 17 10 30 9 0 7 14 6 466 13 4
3 y , , 1831 365 15 4 & e 37 5 6 7 15 6 4 10 16 4
5 2. 2 3 1832 379 1 7 tº tº 49 17 6 8 10 0 437 9 1
DISBURSEMENTS.
Incidents, in-
Salaries cluding Light- Rent. Interest. Total.
ing, Repairs, &c.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. #. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1830 26 5 0 149 7 l l 83 || 6 123 13 94 382 8 2%
3 X } } 1831 2] 0 () 252 l]. I & & 129 5 1 402 16 2
5 5 5 5 1832 21 0 0 153 6 0 138 9 2 41 11 0 354 6 2
The last account shows that the commissioners were in debt, for interest, in January, 1832,
fl;449 15s. 8d.: and that the outstanding debentures of Merrion-square were as follows:–
18 debentures of £100 each, late Irish currency, issued at 6 per cent.,
reduced to 5 per cent., amounting in present currency to . . . . . . . . . 61,661 10s, 9}
25 debentures of £100 each, issued at 5 per cent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307 13 10}
£3,969 4 7,
153. Similar Acts have been passed for the improvement and regulation of Mountjoy Square,
42 Geo. III. (Loc.), cap. 34, and of Fitzwilliam Square, 53 Geo. III. (Loc.), cap. clzxxv.
By the former Act the houses, as set forth in the schedule, were made chargeable by the
commissioners with a rate not exceeding 5s, for each foot in front, to be paid half-yearly, viz.
1st of August and 1st of February, to be applied to pay the yearly interest of money to be
borrowed, and to defray the expenses incident to continuing and preserving the improvements,
and to the duly lighting the railing of the square.
By the latter Act, a like rate, payable for 150 years, was made chargeable, to be paid to the
commissioners, for the purposes of the enclosure, gateway, lighting the same, improving and
ornamenting the inside, and providing all necessary expenses.
The commissioners for Mountjoy Square were 31 persons, and for Fitzwilliam Square were
14 persons, mamed in the respective Acts; and upon any commissioner dying or resigning, or
ceasing to be an inhabitant or proprietor of a house in the square, the surviving commissioners
were empowered to elect another proprietor or inhabitant in his place. The Mountjoy Square
Act directed (s. 12) that the commissioners of that square should not be required to account
before the Commissioners of Imprest Accounts.
154. The Commissioners for the improvement of the Square of Stephen's Green are appointed
under the 54 Geo. III. (Loc.), cap. cxcvii. The lord mayor, the recorder, the city treasurer, the
high sheriff of the city, and representatives in parliament for the city, are ea officio members.
The Act named 21 other commissioners, and provided, that, upon the death or resignation of any
of them, the surviving commissioners (ea officio commissioners excepted), five being present,
might elect some person, being at the time an imhabitant of a house in the Square, in the place
of the person dying or resigning.
By section 6, towards making, completing, and finishing the enclosure and improvement, and
in order to create a permanent fund for the purpose, and for payment of the purchase money of
the ground in the interior, or for the annual rent thereof, all the houses, grounds, lots, and
tenements, surrounding the square (as set forth in the schedule), were made chargeable with
the ammual payment of such sum as the commissioners, or five of them, should direct, not ex-
ceeding the rate of 5s, for each foot, rumming measure, in front, as set forth in the schedule,
payable on the 29th of September and 25th of March. The commissioners were empowered
to borrow money by sale or mortgage of the fund, or issuing debentures thereon at interest.
The commissioners of Stephen's Green are entered in the city rental as tenants to the corpo-
ration of Dublin, for the ground in Stephen's Green, at a rent of 300l. Irish, 276l. 18s. 6d.
British, per annum.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.


RATEs on Houses
IN MoUNTJoy
SQUARE AND FITz-
WILLIAM SQUARE.
RATES ON Houses
IN STEPHEN’s
GREEN.
DUBLIN.
124 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
QUAY-WALL
TAxes.
Taxes in the
Liberties.
CHARITABLE
INSTITUTIONs.
Blue-coat Hospital.
Charter, 23 Cha. II.
Building.
Original Design
abandoned.
Objects of
Act of 10 Geo. I.
Right of Governors
of Erasmus Smith's
Schools.
155. The Quay-Wall Taxes, and the Rates on the North and South Lots, will be mentioned
in the part of this Report which relates to the Ballast Board, under the authority of which
body they are levied.
Those taxes which relate exclusively to the adjoining Liberties will be noticed in our obser-
vations on those districts.
156. The Hospital or Free School of King Charles the Second, commonly called the Blue-coat
Hospital, is the only Charitable Institution with which we find the corporation to be at present
materially connected. It seems to have been originally intended as an asylum for the reception
of aged and infirm poor citizens of the city as well as for a free school for the education of their
children; and the founders, having expectations of receiving contributions sufficient to carry into
execution this extensive design, applied for a Charter of incorporation. Accordingly, by letters
patent bearing date the 5th December in the 23d year of the reign of King Charles II., reciting
the petition of the mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of Dublin, whereby they set forth “that
several of the king's subjects in the said city being charitably affected towards such as through
age, sickness, or other accidents, were reduced to poverty or disabled to gain their living by
their own labour, and piously considering also the great benefit of the good education and
instruction of youth, had proposed the erection and establishing of an hospital and free school
within the liberties of the city of Dublin, and had shown great willingness to contribute to so
good a work, which they hoped to accomplish if enabled to purchase lands, &c. for the
erecting and maintaining of such an hospital and free school, and to make good, wholesome,
and necessary laws for the rule and government thereof,” that monarch granted to the mayor,
sheriffs, commons, and citizens, and their successors for ever, a piece of ground on Oxmantown
Green, near the city of Dublin, on which the intended hospital and free school was then already
ºbegun to be built, “in trust, that the said piece of ground and the building thereon erected
-should for ever thereafter remain and continue a mansion house and place of abode for the
instruction and relief of poor children and aged and impotent people.” *
The charter further granted to the mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens, and their successors
for ever, full power and authority from time to time to place in the school such master or
masters of the hospital, and such numbers of poor people and children, and such officers and
ministers of the hospital and school, as likewise an able, learned, pious, and orthodox minister,
to be approved of by the archbishop of Dublin for the time being, as to the said mayor, sheriffs,
commons, and citizens, and their successors, or such as should be appointed as aforesaid, should
seem convenient; and to remove, as they should see occasion, such master, minister, poor
children, people, or any other officers or ministers, and put others in their place; and to appoint
from time to time fees, salaries, and wages, and such allowances for maintenance, relief, and
instruction of the said master, officers, poor people, and children as to them, the said mayor,
sheriffs, commons, and citizens should seem meet; that the said hospital and free school should
be incorporated by the name of “The Hospital and Free School of King Charles the Second,
Dublin;” and that the mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of the city of Dublin, and their
successors, should be from time to time governors of the said hospital and free school, and of
the lands, tenements, possessions, revenues, and goods to the same belonging; and that the
said governors should be, and for ever continue, by the name of “The Governors of the Hos-
pital and Free School of King Charles the Second, Dublin,” a body politic and corporate,
with a grant of the usual powers and privileges of such corporate bodies.
The governors thus incorporated, having obtained a grant from the corporation of the city of
a considerable property in Stephen's Green and of other premises, and having raised some
money by voluntary contributions, proceeded with the Building of the hospital upon the site so
granted, and according to the design set forth in their petition, on which they expended the
sum of 2,294!.; but the contributions not proving so liberal as was expected, they were unable to
complete the building, and it still remains in an unfinished state.
From this defect of funds, it would appear that the Original Intention of establishing an
hospital or asylum for the aged and infirm was abandoned, and the institution became limited
to its present object, that of a free school for the maintenance and education of children of free-
men of the corporation of the city of Dublin.
The Objects of the institution, as at present constituted, are to receive into the school as many
male children of poor freemen of the city of Dublin as the funds will extend to educate and
maintain in the institution for a limited period, and afterwards to apprentice them out to trades.
Originally it was expected that the hospital would have afforded such accommodation and
relief to 300 boys, but notwithstanding a considerable addition to the number, made under the
provisions of an Act of Parliament, whereby the governors of Erasmus Smith's Schools were
empowered to place in this hospital a certain number of boys, they contributing from the funds
at their disposal to their support, the number is now reduced to 100: of these, the gover-
nors of Erasmus Smith's Schools nominate fifty, ten are nominated by the bishop of Meath
for the time being, two by the ministers of St. Werburgh's parish in the city of Dublin,
and the remainder by the governors of the hospital.
The Act of Parliament, under the authority of which the governors of Erasmus Smith's
Schools place boys in the Blue-coat hospital, is the 10 Geo. I. c. 1, (Priv.) It recites an agree-
ment between the governors of those schools and the governors of the Blue-coat hospital,
to the effect, that the governors of Erasmus Smyth's Schools should out of their funds
pay to the governors of the Blue-coat hospital the sum of 300l. towards building an infir-
mary at the institution; that in consideration thereof the governors of the hospital should
find convenient reception in the hospital for any number of boys, to be named and placed
therein by the governors of the schools, not exceeding twenty, the boys so placed to have the
same reception, maintenance, and clothing, and be every way under the same regulation, as the
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 125
DUBLIN.
other boys in the said hospital are; that the governors of the said schools should pay to the
governors of the hospital, for the maintenance of every boy placed by them in the hospital, the
same rate that the other boys in the said hospital are maintained at, and that such sums as
should be found necessary for such maintenance should be paid quarterly, and the accounts made
once every year; that the governors of the schools should, at their own expense, bind out
every boy that should be placed by them in the hospital, as soon as they should be fit to be put
out apprentice, to such master as the governors of the schools should approve of, and should give
such fees as the governors of the hospital give with the other boys to be put out apprentice by
them; and that the lord mayor, recorder, and two aldermen, to be chosen by the governors of
the hospital, should be standing governors of the schools founded by Erasmus Smyth, and that
four of the governors of the schools, by them to be chosen, should be standing governors of the
hospital; and the act by its provisions confirms and establishes the agreement.
The Bishop of Meath acquired the Right of nomination of boys to the hospital under the
will of a person of the name of Osborne, who contributed a sum of 1,000l. to the funds, in con-
sideration that he, his heirs, and assigns for ever, should have the right of placing ten boys in
the hospital, there to be supported and educated; and of keeping up that number by nominating
others from time to time, as vacancies should occur. Osborne, having exercised the right during
his life, afterwards devised it to the Bishop of Meath and his successors.
The Right of the Ministers of St. Werburgh's Parish was purchased in like manner, but for
what consideration, or at what time, we were not able to ascertain. -
The Boys nominated by the governors of the hospital must be the sons of freemen of the
city of Dublin. &
In those nominated by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's Schools, the Bishop of Meath, or
the ministers of St. Werburgh's Parish, no such qualification is required : but they must be
the sons of Protestant parents.
An examination of each boy by the surgeon and physician of the institution takes place before
he is admitted, and it sometimes occurs that boys are rejected from personal defects.
157. The institution is under the management of the Governors, who are unlimited in
number.
It is difficult to say what members of the corporation of Dublin are under the terms of the
Charter entitled to be admitted as governors. The charter grants, that the mayors, sheriffs,
commons, and citizens of Dublin, and their successors, should from time to time be governors;
but in practice the right has been confined to the mayor, sheriffs, recorder, aldermen, and
sheriffs' peers.
In addition to these, the governors have always assumed to themselves the power of electing
other persons to be governors, at their pleasure. There are, at present, two governors who
have been so elected—the surgeon and physician of the hospital. The late chaplaim and master
was also a governor; but after his election a resolution was passed, that no officer of the institu-
tion should thereafter be elected a governor.
The Trinity Guild, or Guild of Merchants, and a charitable institution not connected with
the corporation, called the Guild of St. Anne, and now supposed to be extinct”, formerly con-
tributed to the funds of the hospital; the Trinity Guild the sum of 20 guineas; the Guild of
St. Amme about 40l. annually; and the masters of those guilds º for the time being,
were admitted as governors: but of late years these contributions have been discontinued, .
in consequence, the masters of them have not been summoned as governors, or admitted to any
of their privileges.
We are unable to discover why the contributions from those guilds have been discontinued.
Neither the register nor any of the governors could tell either under what title they were
formerly paid, or why of late they had ceased; nor does any inquiry ever appear to have been
instituted on the subject, though the payments have been discontinued now for several years.
The Governors assemble at the hospital when summoned; and three, at least (of whom the
lord mayor and one sheriff must be two), are necessary to form a Board.
The Summons is issued by the lord mayor when called upon by the register.
A board is summoned, generally, for the second Tuesday in every month; and at other times
when there is any business requiring the attention of the governors. The summons is, for the
most part, issued some days before the time of meeting; and when there is anything to be done
out of the ordinary routine of business, the object is specified in the summons. The register
prepares the summons, and may insert or omit a notice of the particular objects of the meeting
at his discretion. The boards are generally very thinly attended; and it sometimes happens
that there are not a sufficient number of governors present to form a board. In two years
(1827, 1828,) we find that there were only four meetings of the board.
The Proceedings at each board are entered in a book by the register; and the minutes of the
proceedings of the last previous meeting are read over, before any other business is gone into.
The ordinary business of the institution is then transacted, in the course of which, if any ques-
tion arises, it is decided upon by a majority of votes of the governors present, the lord mayor,
who presides, having, in case of equality, a casting vote. After all other business is over, the
nomination of boys to be admitted into the institution takes place, when there are vacancies.
This nomination (except as to the boys nominated by the governors of Erasmus Smith's
schools, and under the special rights above mentioned) is the privilege of the governors, which
they exercise in rotation.
* We made some inquiries respecting this body, but were unable to arrive at any satisfactory result. We
found manifest evidence of the existence of property belonging to it, in the hands of individuals connected
with former members of the guild, but could not trace the particulars of its disposition. The subject deserves
further inquiry. The guild does not appear to have ever been of a municipal character. We found traces
in the corporate records, of the creation, by Royal Charter, of a somewhat similar body, called the Guild of
St. George, but could not discover any evidence of its existence in modern times. R
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Right of Bishop of
Meath.
Right of Ministers of
St. Werburgh's
Parish.
Boys’ qualification.
Governors of.
By Charter.
By Election.
Board of Governors.
Summons of.
Proceedings at.
DUBLIN.
126 ; REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Nomination of
Boys.
* *-*.
Committees.
Education, &c., of
Boys.
Number.
Income.
Rents.
Stephen's Green.
Houses, Smithfield.
Houses in Church-
street, &c.
Lands of Nodstown.
five years, and receive a good Education in En
The governor whose turn it is to nominate, must attend the board upon the day of Nomina-
tion; otherwise he is passed over, pro hdc vice, and the next in order nominates; the person so
passed over, however, having still the right to the next nomination. The parent, or some other
near relative of the boy, must also attend, and make oath that the boy is the son or grandson
of a freeman of Dublin; and the certificate of admission to such freedom must also be produced:
subject, however, to such qualification, and to a compliance with this form of admission, it is a
matter of right in each governor to nominate, in his turn, to the vacancy; and no investigation
takes place into the circumstances of the boy's parents or friends, or whether he be a proper
object of charitable support and education or not.
It sometimes happens that the board of governors make a special order to admit a boy
recommended to them, by the peculiar circumstances of his case, as a fit object; but this is a
very rare occurrence: and a power of expulsion is occasionally exercised in cases of misconduct,
in the same manner, by special order of the board.
Committees of the governors are appointed for various purposes. That on revenue is the
only fixed or standing committee: three of the members of this committee must countersign the
register's drafts on the bank.
The Boys, when admitted into the hospital, are clothed and supported there for a period of
glish, reading, writing, and arithmetic, and some
in mathematics. At the expiration of this period, they are bound apprentices to different
trades, a sum of 4l. 12s. 4d. being paid as an apprentice-fee with each.
The Number in the institution is at present but 100. It was reduced from 130, about five
years ago, on the representation of the register, who reported, that in consequence of a diminu-
tion of the funds of the hospital, arising principally from the rents of their estate in the county
of Tipperary being badly paid, the income was insufficient to meet the expence of supporting so
many boys; and a resolution of the board was thereupon entered into, that no vacancy should
be filled up until the number should be reduced to 100.
This resolution appears to have been adopted entirely upon the representation of the register.
No inquiry seems to have been instituted by the governors, either into the cause of the rents
being in arrear, nor whether any reduction could be made in the salaries of the different
officers, or other expenses of the establishment: and when it is considered that the income of
the hospital, independent of a casual revenue arising from sums paid on the consecration of
bishops and the election of aldermen, then amounted to more than 1,700l. per annum, and
that one half of the entire number of boys are supported by the governors of Erasmus Smith's
schools—thus leaving, at this time, but sixty-five as a charge upon the funds of the hospital,—
we cannot but think that the resolution was hastily adopted. A motion in February, 1832, to
discontinue certain allowances, in the nature of perquisites, hereinafter mentioned, to the officers
of the institution, until the funds should be sufficient to support 120 boys, was rejected by a
majority of 15 to 1. i
158. The Income of the hospital arises from various sources, fixed and casual.
The fixed income consists of rents of lands and premises in the city of Dublin and county of
Tipperary, and the tithes of the parish of Mullingar, in the county of Westmeath.
The Rents are derived from, -
First.—A considerable portion of Stephen's Green and Oxmantown Green, in the city of
Dublin.
This property was conveyed to the governors of the hospital, by the corporation of Dublin,
about the year 1649. Stephen's Green was, at this time, divided into lots, and almost entirely
granted in fee-farm, at small ground rents, varying from 6s. to 21. The lots were afterwards
let to tenants on building leases, chiefly for terms of ninety-nine years; houses were built
thereon, four or five upon each lot, and on these leases ground-rents were reserved to the ori-
ginal tenants in fee-farm. The governors of the hospital afterwards, by grant or devise,
acquired the interest of the grantees in fee-farm, in some of the lots; and the building leases
originally made of some of the tenements having since expired, new leases have been made,
at improved rents, by which the income of the hospital derived from this property has been
considerably increased, and a further increase may soon be expected.
The gross amount of the rents now payable out of the premises in Stephen's Green and
Oxmantown Green, is 5071. 8s. 9%d.; and there are some tenements out of lease, which will
further increase the amount.
º the course of thirty or forty years, the interest of the hospital in this property will be
very large. -
Secondly—Two tenements in Smithfield, in the city of Dublin, derived under the will of
Bishop Pooley, and producing at present an annual rent of 211. 0s. 11d. As to a moiety of this
property, however, the governors are trustees for the parishes of St. Paul, St. Michan, and St.
Mary, in the city of Dublin; and half the rent is paid over, under the provisions of the will,
annually, to the churchwardens of those parishes respectively, for distribution among their poor.
Thirdly—Several Tenements in Church-street, Leeson-street, King-street, Grange Gorman-
lane, Lurgan-street, and on the Coombe, in the city of Dublin. The hospital acquired title to
these premises from various sources. They are let to tenants at rents amounting to 316!. 6s. 5d.:
formerly they produced more, but a part of the premises, some years ago, was valued and taken
possession of by the commissioners of wide streets; and the sum paid to the governors of the
hospital, as the value of the part taken, was applied in the payment of the current expenses
of the institution, instead of being invested in other property, as it should have been, under the
provisions of the Wide Street Acts. -
Fourthly.—The Lands of Nodstown, in the county Tipperary. This property, which consists
of about 700 acres of land, in the neighbourhood of Cahir, was granted by deed to the governors
of the hospital, by a person of the name of Giles Martin.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 127
DUBLIN.
It appears by a statement of the income of the hospital, published in Whitlaw and Walsh's
History of Dublin, that these lands, in the year 1810, produced an annual income of 1,459/. 7s.
In the year 1820, however, the entire denomination was let to one tenant, for a term of
twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of 1,000l. late Irish currency. This rent was afterwards,
by a resolution of the governors, reduced 10 per cent. ; and in the year 1822 the reduction was
increased to 25 per cent., by which the rent was brought down to 657l. 13s. 10d. The
interest in the lease has since been assigned; and the assignee lately applied for a further
reduction. A committee of the governors was appointed to visit the lands; but at the period
of our inquiry this had not been done, and one entire year's rent was in arrear.
Fifthly—The hospital is also entitled, under the will of a person of the name of Preston,
to one-fourth of the rents of a denomination of land, called Cappaloughlin, in the Queen's
county; which was devised by him to trustees, as to one-fourth, for the benefit of this hospital,
and as to the other three-fourths, for the support of two schools—one at Ballyroan, and the
other at Navan. Some time ago, the commissioners of education took proceedings to obtain
possession of the property, and had a receiver of the rents appointed; and, since the year 1816,
have withheld the proportion of the rents, payable to the hospital, alleging that it became
necessary, about that period, to lay out a considerable sum of money in rebuilding the school-
houses at Ballyroan and Navam, and that the entire of the rents were applicable to this purpose.
The governors of the Blue-coat Hospital claimed their proportion, contending that the expense
of the buildings should be defrayed out of the three-fourths of the rents devised for the use of
the schools, and took some proceedings for the recovery of their share; the matter was
afterwards referred to arbitration, which is yet pending, and the hospital's share of the rents
is still withheld”.
Sixthly.—The hospital is also entitled to the rectorial Tithes of the parish of Mullingar; these
tithes were let in the year 1811 for twenty-one years, at a rent of 350l. per annum. In 1821
the tenant applied for and obtained a reduction of 15l. per cent., whereby the rent was reduced
to 204/. 12s. 4d. At the expiration of the lease in May, 1832, an arrear of this rent, to the
amount of 400/., was due, and the governors came to an agreement with the tenant to remit the
arrear in consideration of her handing over to them the tithe-books of the parish. These books
she returned to the hospital upon oath, and it appeared by them that the tithes receivable from
the parish amounted to 630l. per annum, and a claim to this amount for the years 1832 and 1833
has been made by the governors on the fund granted by government for an advance to the
owners of tithe, under the 3, 4 Will. IV. c. 100. The tithes have since been compounded for
with the parishioners for 4.15ſ. per annum.
The hospital had formerly an interest in a denomination of land called Kilcothy, in the
county of Wexford. It appears from the statement of the income of the hospital, published in
the History of Dublin before mentioned, that these lands, in the year 1810, produced an annual
income of 158l. 2s., but nothing has been received out of them for several years. A reference
has been made to the law agent of the institution to inquire into the title. He has not as yet
reported on the matter; but it is supposed that the interest of the hospital in the lands was
terminable, and has expired. *
An Annuity of 5l. a year was also formerly paid to the hospital out of two Houses on Wood
Quay, in the city of Dublin; but the payment of this has also for some years been discontinued,
and a reference, as to the title, has also been made to the law agent, but no report has been as
yet made by him on the subject.
The governors, under the will of a Captain Hemmings, will become entitled to a sum of
2,000l. on the death of a lady who, under the same will, receives the interest upon it for her life.
The sum is invested in Stock, in the name of the lady, and there seems to be nothing to prevent
her from selling out the stock and disposing of the principal. An attempt was made some
years ago to procure her to join in a transfer to the governors, on their giving her a security for
the payment of the interest; but this she would not consent to, and the governors thereupon
served a notice of their title on the governors of the Bank of England. This, however, from
the rule adopted by the bank, of in no manner recognising trusts, seems a very insufficient
measure, and something should be done to have the property effectually secured.
159. By the original charter of incorporation the governors were prohibited from making any
Lease of the lands or other possessions of the hospital for a longer period than forty-one years
of houses or buildings, or ground to be built upon, and twenty-one years of lands, tithes, or other
hereditaments, and these only either in possession or not above two years before the expiration
of the existing lease, without fine, and at the best yearly rent. And it was further provided,
that no lease should be made to a governor, or to any person in trust for him.
By the Act 10 Geo. I. c. 1, herein-before mentioned, by which the agreement between the
governors of Erasmus Smith's Schools and the hospital was confirmed, the leasing power was
extended, by enabling the governors of the hospital to make leases of waste plots of ground
in the city of Dublin, and suburbs thereoſ, of which no lease should be in being at the time of
the making of the lease, for any term of years not exceeding ninety-nine, at the best and highest
rent to be got for the same without fine.
Under the above powers leases of the property of the institution are now made.
The Letting is by private agreement, a surveyor being sent to value the premises when a lease
expires—never by auction.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
* Since our inquiry, we have learned that an award has been made in this matter, whereby the commis-
sioners of education have been ordered to pay a sum of 1,455l. 8s. 6d. to the governors of the hospital, for
their share of the rents received by the commissioners of education out of these lands, exclusive of a sum
of 6061.4s.2d., returned by the Receiver as in arrear, to one-fourth of which sum, when collected, the
governors will also be entitled.
Lands of Cappa-
loughlin.
Tithes of Mullingar.
Kilcothy.
Annuity out of
Houses on Wood
Quay.
Stöck.
Leases.
Letting.
R 2
DUBLIN.
12S REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Casual Income—
Sheriffs’ and Alder-
men’s Contribu-
tions.
Bishops’ Contribu-
tion.
Fines.
Tolls.
Gross Income.
Late Register, De-
falcation of.
Present Register,
Accounts of.
Audit of.
The Casual Income of the hospital arises, first, from a sum of 100 guineas paid by
each person elected sheriff of the city of Dublin, and 100 guineas by each person elected
alderman of the corporation. The mode in which this revenue is collected is by the per-
son, when he is elected sheriff, passing his promissory mote at twelve months for the sum to
the register of the hospital. In two late instances, when two gentlemen were elected sheriffs
contrary to their inclimation, they objected to serve, and consequently refused to pay, and no
proceedings have been taken to enforce the payment.
Secondly.—Each Bishop in Ireland, on his consecration, pays a sum of 30l. Irish to the hos-
pital in lieu of an entertainment formerly given.
Thirdly.—By the Act of the 42 Geo. III. c. 92, one of the City Pipe-water Acts, the hospital
was entitled to a moiety of all Fines imposed ſor offences against its provisions; but it does not
appear that any sums on this account have ever been paid to the institution, though such fines
have been occasionally imposed; neither was the register, or any of the governors of the hos-
pital whom we examined, acquainted with this right until within the last six months, when the
register stated that he heard of it for the first time. The Police Act, 48 Geo. III. c. 140 s. 29,
seems to have transferred such fines to the fund for defraying the expenses of the public offices.
The hospital formerly received an annual sum of 2001. Irish from the corporation of
Dublin in lieu of certain Tolls, to which the hospital were entitled, but which were afterwards
received by the corporation under an agreement between them and the governors of the hos-
pital, the corporation paying the sum of 200l. to the hospital in lieu thereof. Since the
corporation, in 1818, gave up the collection of all tolls, in consequence of the opposition made
to them, the payment of this sum has been discontinued.
The sums payable from all those sources would show an annual Income of about 1,900l.; but
for many years past there have been very considerable defalcations in the payment of it, and even
still there is a very heavy arrear. Neither is there any correct rental of the property, though
a resolution was some years ago proposed and carried at the board, that a rental should be
made out annually, and should, with the accounts of the register, be printed and distributed
amongst the governors. This has not been dome, and one of the governors stated, that though
he had frequently inquired what the gross annual income of the hospital was, yet that he could
never obtain a satisfactory answer, owing to the manner in which the rents of the estates were
paid. Much of this irregularity is ascribed to the conduct of the late Register and Agent, who,
though previously an efficient officer, was for the last three or four years of his life incapable of
any activity of mind or body, and totally unfit for the duties of the office. He was a person in
whom such confidence was reposed by the governors that no inquiry into the state or circum-
stances of the institution was ever thought of during his life, so much so, that it was considered
invidious even to subject his accounts to investigation. The consequence of this was, that on
his death, in 1829, he was found to be a defaulter to a very considerable amount; and the
irregularity of his accounts was so great that the extent of the deſalcation has never been accu-
rately ascertained. Nor was it of much consequence that it should, as the register died leaving
no property out of which the balance due could have been levied, and he had been permitted to
receive the rents without keeping up the security which he had been originally required to give.
It appeared that he was in the habit of accepting bills drawn by persons who supplied the
hospital with provisions, and at his death a sum of 615l. 18s. 6d. was due to the butcher, and
a much larger sum to the baker, of the establishment, which the governors have not yet been
able to liquidate. The experience derived from these circumstances has made the governors
somewhat more cautious, and the present register and agent has been required to give security
to the amount of 3,000l.; and a resolution has been passed at the board, that all moneys received
by him should be lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the governors of the institu-
tion, and should be drawn out by drafts, signed by three members of a standing committee,
appointed from among them.
The check imposed by this regulation does not seem, however, to be at all sufficient, as the
register is still permitted, motwithstanding this resolution, to retain in his hands a sum to meet
current expenses; and on the amount of this sum no limit appears to be placed. When an
account is to be paid, he draws upon the bank, and procures any three of the committee of
governors to countersign his drafts, which they do without inquiry, upon the responsibility of
his signature. The manner too in which his accounts are audited appears quite insufficient:
he makes out half-yearly a general Dr. and Cº. account, on one side of which he debits himself
with the sums received by him, as well ſor rents as from other sources. The gross amount of
the rents is not brought to the debit of the account, but the register charges himself with such
sums as he receives without reference to a rental. Upon the other side he takes credit for all
payments made by him; and the account so prepared, and copied into a book kept for the
purpose, is submitted to a committee of five auditors appointed by the board. The entries on
the Cr. side of the account are examined by the auditors, and checked with the vouchers, which
are all produced to them; but no inquiry is made into the Dr. side, nor any comparison made
with the books to see that the full amount of the income is charged; the account so exa-
mined is certified to be correct, though it is plain that one side of it is taken entirely upon
the register's statement, without any examination whatsoever. Nor are these audits, such as
they are, regularly made.
The first of the present register's accounts embraced all his receipts and payments for seven
months, from the time of his appointment on the 18th of June, 1829, to the 1st of J anuary,
1830. The next account was from the 1st of January, 1830, to the 25th of March, 1832; and
the third was from the 25th of March to the 17th of July, 1833. The two former accounts have
been audited; but since January, 1833, there has been no audit. One bad effect of such a
mode of making out the accounts is apparent in the large amount of the arrear which has been
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 129 DUBLIN.
permitted to accumulate in the rents. On all the property it is very considerable; but on Rºss
the tenements in Stephen's Green and Oxmantown, where the rents are generally very small &
and the tenants' interests extremely valuable, it appeared by the rent-book, that two, three, and,
in some cases, four years' rent was due by the tenants. The governors at the time of our exa-
mination were not at all aware of this circumstance, nor indeed could they be so, from the mode in
which the accounts were made out, and the nature of the audit. If a proper rental of the pro-
perty were prepared, and the gross amount of the rents brought to the charge of the register, he
taking credit for the arrear, the attention of the governors would be iº drawn to the
state of the property, and such an arrear would probably not be permitted to accumulate. In re-
spect to the tenements in Stephen's Green no good reason was assigned for it. From the small-
ness of the rents, and the great value of the tenants' interest, they ought to be paid punctually.
It would be desirable also that the register's accounts should be printed and circulated, at
least amongst the governors. At present they are made out in a book, which remains in the
custody of the register, and is, perhaps, never seen by any of them but the committee who
make the audit.
160. The income of the hospital is expended,—
1st, In the salaries of the officers,
2d, In the payment of the expense of the boys,
3d, In apprentice-fees, and,
4th, In the payment of the interest on a small funded debt due by the institution.
The Officers of the institution are— Officers.
The register, who is also steward and agent.
The chaplain, who is also master of the school.
The assistant master.
The housekeeper.
The physician.
The surgeon.
The organist.
Twelve female servants.
One messenger, and one labourer.
All the officers are elected by the governors, and hold their situations for life. The servants, Election of.
messenger, and labourer, are employed by the register, and dismissed at his pleasure.
The Register's Salary is 231/.4s. 8d. per annum. He is also entitled to receiver's fees, when Register's Salary-
such are reserved in the leases. The amount of those fees, previous to the present lettings,
was 35l. a year only; but has since been considerably increased, and a resolution has lately
been entered into by the board that no leases shall in future be granted without reserving
a shilling in the pound as receiver's fees. These, when the present leases of the property fall
in, will amount to a considerable sum; and as the register has, besides the above salary, excel-
lent apartments in the hospital, with a garden, and an allowance of coal, this seems to us, and
indeed was admitted by some of the governors, to be a very unnecessary addition to his emolu-
ments.
The Duties of the register, as such, are to summon the board of governors; to attend them; Duties.
and record their proceedings. He also advertises for proposals for contracts for supplying the
institution; receives and lays them before the board; and does other similar offices.
As steward, he has the superintendence of the dietary of the boys, and makes orders for the
sending in provisions and other necessaries by the contractors.
As agent, he receives all the income, pays the expenditure, and keeps the accounts. He is
the principal officer of the institution, and has a general superintendence of it. It appeared to
us, that, independently of the want of a sufficient check upon his accounts, a great deal too much
was left to the control and management of this officer.
The Chaplain and Master has for both offices a Salary of 184!. 12s. 4d. per annum; his salary Chaplain, Salary of.
having been raised from 150l. Irish since the year 1810, though the number of boys has since
that period been diminished by one third. He has also an allowance of eleven tons of coal, and
apartments.
He must be a clergyman of the Established Church, and, under the charter, be approved of by Qualification of .
the archbishop of Dublin for the time being. The charter also prescribes his Duties: viz. “ to Duties of.
read divine service to such as shall be in the hospital, and to catechise such children as shall be
in the school.” Previously to the appointment of the present chaplain, the duty of teaching the
boys was left entirely to the assistant schoolmaster; but a resolution, soon after his appoint-
ment, was entered into, requiring him to superintend and take a part in such duty.
The assistant Schoolmaster has a salary of 166l. 3s. per annum. The contribution from the The Schoolmaster.
Trinity Guild, or Guild of Merchants, to the institution, which amounted to 201, per annum,
also went to the assistant schoolmaster, as a recompence for teaching mathematics; but this con-
tribution has been some time withdrawn. This officer has an allowance of eight tons of coals
per annum, and apartments. .
The Housekeeper has a salary of 801, per annum; an allowance of eight tons of coals, and Housekeeper.
apartments.
The Surgeon and Physician have each a Salary of 36l. 18s. 6d. per annum; they do not reside Surgeon and Phy-
in the establishment, and have no perquisites or allowances. Sician, Salaries of.
The salary of the surgeon has been increased from 30l., since the year 1810; the physician
had at that time no salary. Neither the surgeon or physician visit the hospital regularly, or
except when sent for.
The Organist's salary is 18l. 9s. 3d per ammum. He has no other emolument. Organist.
The amount of the yearly wages of the twelve female Servants is 104!. 6s., and they have Servants.
allowances, in lieu of perquisites; these, together with the wages of the messenger and labourer
Expenditure.
DUBLIN.
130 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Gross Amount.
Apartments.
Expense of Boys.
Supplies.
Dietary.
Debt.
Foundling Hospital
and Workhouse.
amount to 103!. 4s. per annum more. There are some superannuated servants of the establish-
ment who have pensions of 91.4s. each.
The Gross Amount of the above salaries, exclusive of pensions, is 975l. 4s. 4d., a sum which
appears a very extravagant expenditure in the remuneration of persons employed about the
education of 100 boys, supported by charity, and brought up merely to be apprenticed to trades.
The Apartments which are allotted to the officers of the institution would appear, if there
were any other advantageous mode of occupying them, to be unnecessarily extensive. The re-
gister, chaplain, assistant master, and housekeeper, have each a suite, consisting of three sitting-
rooms, three bed-rooms, with separate kitchens, and servants' apartments; and the register has
an office in addition: by these and the board-room of the governors the entire centre part of
the building is occupied. The wings are allotted—one to the infirmary, the other to the boys'
apartments: these consist of several large dormitories, and a day-room. About twenty-five
boys sleep, two in a bed, in each dormitory; and there are three unoccupied at present. There
is also a meat chapel, and an extensive play-ground, besides two excellent gardens for the
register and master. In fact, the buildings and establishment altogether would be sufficiently
large to accommodate nearly double the present number of inmates; and it is much to be
regretted that so fine an institution is not made, as it is capable of being, both from the accom-
modation in the building and the extent of the funds at the disposal of the governors, much
more practically useful.
The Expense of supporting the Boys of course varies in each year, but on an average amounts
to about 26l. a year each. -
The sum contributed by the governors of Erasmus Smith's Schools for the support of forty-
nine boys in the hospital during the year ending January, 1833, was 1397. 12s. -
The following is a copy of the amount of the expenditure for that year:—
Provisions tº * > tº Q & ſº . E900 11 3
Clothing . º o e * g ſº tº 307 9 ||
Soap, candles, and oil . te g gº * tº 143 (; 9
Furniture and repairs . © © & e gº 117 5 3
Stationery, books, and advertising . e * > * 58 || 3
Rents and interest e tº dº p º º 32 17 8
Salaries and wages g s tº © g wº 975 4 4
Contingencies . ſº º º ſº º & |6 || 5 3
Apothecary gº 47 5 10
Average expences, per boy, £26 18 93.
All provisions, clothing, and other necessaries for the institution, except bread, are now sup-
plied by contract; a resolution of the board having been recently passed to this effect. It is
not extended to the supply of bread, for the present, in consequence of the debt due by the
governors to the baker who supplied the institution, incurred in the lifetime of the late register,
and which at his death amounted to a considerable sum. He continues to supply the institution
at the market-price (deducting a small discount), until the governors shall be able to liquidate
the debt, which they are gradually doing; and it is intended then to advertise for proposals,
and make a contract for the supply of this article, as well as others.
So far as we were able to judge, the contracts seem now to be fairly and impartially made;
proposals being advertised for, and the lowest contracts accepted. None of the governors are
now contractors, which formerly was not the case.
A Dietary for the boys has been settled by the physician and surgeon, which is adhered to;
but some check seems to be wanting on the quantity of provisions brought into the institution.
The supply is made at present on the orders of the register, or the housekeeper, without any
restriction or subsequent examination into the quantity ordered.
In fact, the governors do not appear to examine or inquire at all into the details, either of
the income or expenditure; every thing is left under the control and management of the
register, and if he should prove either dishonest or negligent, the institution might be defrauded
to a very considerable amount without any probability of detection.
The Debt upon which the hospital pays interest is a sum of 500l. due by debentures, which
were issued to raise money at the time the building of the hospital was in progress. On a part
of it 6 per cent interest is paid, and on the residue 5 per cent. It would seem that by a
little management this debt might be entirely got rid of; at all events, the interest might with-
out difficulty be reduced: indeed, it appeared to us that the arrears of rents permitted to
remain in the tenants' hands would pay off almost the entire debt due by the institution.
The hospital of King Charles II., though originally intended, as it appears, not only for
the education of children, but also as an asylum for the reception of the aged and infirm poor
of the city, did not subsist long, if at all, for the latter object; and various other institutions
have successively, from time to time, been established with the view of maintaining the poor.
161. The earliest of these was the “Workhouse,” which has, in later times, been denominated
the “Foundling Hospital and Workhouse.” This took its rise from an Act made in the year
1703, (2 Ann., c. 19,) entitled, “An Act for erecting a Workhouse in the city of Dublin, for
employing and maintaining the Poor thereof.” It was thereby declared, that “the necessi-
ties, number, and continual increase of the poor within the city of Dublin, and liberties thereto
adjoining, were very great, and exceeding burthensome, for want of Workhouses to set them
at work, and a sufficient authority to compel thereto;” and a munificent donation and grant
made by the corporation of Dublin, was stated in these words:– “And whereas, the lord
mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of Dublin, for the encouragement of so necessary and
charitable a work, are willing not only to appropriate a piece of ground for a workhouse within
the said city, but also to endow the same with lands of inheritance to the value of £100 per
MUNIQIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 13]
DUBLIN.
annum.” These, it appears, were the walled-in ground at the south-west end of James-
street, and 14 acres of land adjoining thereto, whereon several houses were built. The Act
then constituted a corporation by the name of “The Governors and Guardians of the Poor of
the City of Dublin,” and appointed the lord mayor of the city, the recorder, aldermen,
sheriffs, and sheriffs’ peers, members of the corporation; any contributor of £50 was to be
one of the guardians of the poor; and the managers were invested with powers, to relieve,
regulate, and set at work all vagabonds and beggars who should come within the city and
liberties, to provide materials for setting the poor to work, and to apprehend all idle or poor
people begging, or seeking relief, or receiving parish alms. The only provision made for
children by the Act related to those above the age of five years, who should be left to be
maintained by any parish in the city or liberties, or were unable to support themselves, and
these the governors were authorised to keep in their service until the age of 16 years, and
then to put them out apprentices; and to the governors was committed the care of the main-
tenance of the poor of the city and liberties, of what age or kind soever they should be, infants
under the age of five years only excepted. For the effectual carrying on and maintaining so
good and necessary a work, the Act, in addition to the donation made by the city, provided
other funds, viz., 1st, duties upon licences for hackney-coaches, carts, cars, brewers' drays,
chairs and sedans plying for hire within the city and liberties; and, 2dly, an assessment of
3d. in the pound upon the valuation of the houses, as valued for ministers' money, or other-
wise as therein provided; and it was expressly declared, that these funds should be “for the
use, support, and maintenance of the said poor in the said workhouse.”
In the year 1727, (1 Geo. II. c. 27,) it was found that, notwithstanding the former Act, the
city and liberties were extremely burthened with great numbers of poor and idle vagrants,
many of whom were able to work and earn their bread, if proper care were taken to regulate
and employ them; and for the better regulating of the workhouse and its poor, a new corpo-
ration, under the mame of “The Governors of the Poor of the City of Dublin,” was formed, to
which many new governors were added, and, amongst others, the ministers, for the time being,
of every parish in the city and suburbs. The lord mayor, recorder, aldermen, and sheriffs of
the city, were constituted members, but the sheriffs' peers were omitted. This Act transferred
to the new corporation all the property and revenues of their predecessors, and, in some in-
stances, increased the duties on the licences, in order to raise a further supply for the main-
tenance and support of the poor, it having been found that the city and suburbs had very
much increased since the year 1703, and consequently the poor which might be supported in
the workhouse were then more in number than formerly they had been. Six years were fixed
as the age at which poor children, found or taken up within the parishes, who were unable to
support themselves, should be admitted into the workhouse; and as the exposed or foundling
children, left yearly on the several parishes, were very numerous, and did mostly perish before
they attained the age of six years, for want of due care and provision for them, and it was
manifest that neither the workhouse of the city, nor the fund thereof, was large enough for the
reception or the relief of such foundlings before they attained the age aforesaid, therefore the
parish vestries were empowered to elect, in Easter week, overseers of the poor of the parish,
who should take order for the nursing and maintaining such exposed or foundling children as
were left on the parish, till they should be admitted into the workhouse; and, to enable them
to do so, a parish cess for the purpose was authorised, the overseers paying annual stipends for
the nursing and maintaining of the children. This Act also enabled the governors to depute
persons to apprehend sturdy beggars.
Statutes containing further regulations on these points, were made in the years 1729
(3 Geo. II. c. 17) and 1731 (5 Geo. II. c. 14); and then, for the first time, the workhouse of
Dublin was made a receptacle for foundlings. It was stated that the parish cess for the ex-
posed and foundling children, in many parishes, amounted to more money than what the
parishes had to pay to the workhouse for the adults; and that it was notorious that, to avoid
the expense, a wicked and detestable practice had been carried on in some parishes, if not
throughout the whole city, of “lifting,” or running from one parish to another, the said found-
lings, to the utter ruin and destruction of them; and to remedy this abuse, and preserve the
lives of the children, the governors of the workhouse were directed to receive from the church-
wardens all the children exposed and found in the streets of the city and liberties; and to
enable them to relieve and maintain the children, an additional house-rent of 3d. in the pound,
for every pound of the value of the house, was imposed, and the powers of the vestries, to levy
money to maintain foundlings, were put an end to. It was further ordered, that the money
applied for foundlings should be kept in a separate and distinct account.
In the year 1745 (19 Geo. II. c. 21) it was found, that the tax for maintaining and pro-
viding for foundling children in the city and liberties under the age of six years, had proved
insufficient for that purpose, while the other revenues of the workhouse had, on the contrary,
exceeded, and been more than sufficient to answer the purposes for which they were created,
viz., the relief of the adult poor; and, in order to provide for so good and necessary a work g
as that of taking care of foundling children under the age of six years, the governors of the
workhouse were empowered to apply and expend, from time to time, at their discretion, for
the maintenance and provision of the foundling children, such exceedings and redundancy
as there should appear to be on the other funds and revenues of the workhouse.
In 1749 (23 Geo. II. c. 11) a power was given to the governors to commit beggars and
vagrants, labouring under diseases, and exposing their infirmities, to the workhouse; and
upon the certificate of their physicians or surgeons that the disorder was dangerous or incur-
able, to confine them in some separate house in the city, or send them to the hospital for
incurables. -
This code continued (25 Geo. II. c. 16, 11 Geo. III. c. 2, s. 4) until the year 1772, when
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS,
IDUBLIN.
132 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Present Mode of
appointing Go-
Verſ, OrS.
the whole system respecting pauperism in Ireland seems to have undergone a revision. In
that year three Acts were passed (11, 12 Geo. III. cc. 11, 15, 30); one for regulating the
Dublin Foundling Hospital and Workhouse; the second, for the relief of poor infants deserted
by their parents; and the third, for badging such poor as should be found unable to support
themselves by labour, and otherwise providing for them, and for restraining such as should be
found able to support themselves by labour or industry from begging.
The declared object of the first of these Acts (11, 12 Geo.III. c. 11) was, to reduce the
former Acts respecting the workhouse of the city of Dublin into one, and to avoid the confu-
sion and inconvenience arising from the multiplicity of Acts in force relative to it. By this
Act the two objects of the institution were introduced into its title, and the corporation was
named “The Governors of the Foundling Hospital and Workhouse.” The constitution of
the body was but slightly varied: the lord mayor, the recorder, aldermen, and sheriffs of the
city were continued members: all the property of the former governors was vested in the
new : the maintenance of the children was, in some respects, made the primary object, but the
provision for the adults was by no means excluded: all the former rules and regulations
were adopted, subject to being amended. It was, however, surmised that the reception of
vagabonds and strolling beggars into the same house, or within the same walls with children,
would be manifestly injurious, by the setting a bad example; and therefore it was ordered
that no vagabond or strolling beggar should be sent into the same house, or kept within the
same walls with the children thereby intended to be provided for, but that such persons, when
apprehended, should be sent to Bridewell, or to such other place as the governors should
appoint, separate from the children; and that the said vagabonds and strolling beggars
should be maintained, and set to work, at the expense of the corporation, out of the revenue
thereby granted to them; and the governors were required to make rules and orders for
relieving, regulating, and setting to work, and for the good order and proper management of
such vagabonds and strolling beggars, and their overseers; to provide materials for setting
them at work, and to apply the produce in aid of their revenues. Ample powers also for the
suppression of street begging were given to the governors. It was next provided, that poor
children, under the age of six years, found or taken up within the city and liberties, or sent to
the Foundling Hospital, should be received, and kept there, or sent to nurse therefrom ; and
that all children six years old, and not exceeding the age of eight, presented to the governors,
should, provided there were room, be received into the house. Further funds were provided,
as it was found by experience that the numbers of children had greatly increased, and that
children were brought to the hospital from all parts of the kingdom, and from His Majesty's
neighbouring dominions. The duties upon the licences to hackney coaches, &c., were consi-
derably extended; the two rates of 3d. in the pound were consolidated into one rate of 6d. in
the pound, for every pound of the yearly value of the houses, to be doubled on houses where
strong liquors were sold; and all houses within two miles of the castle of Dublin were sub-
jected to the tax, the buildings in the environs of the city having greatly increased, and the
governors of the foundling hospital and workhouse being necessarily put to a considerable ad-
ditional expense in supporting the foundlings, and maintaining the poor children received
there ; and it was declared, that all these rates and taxes should be vested in the governors,
to be by them applied to the support of the said house, and the education and maintenance
of the children in the house, and sent to nurse therefrom, and to such other uses of the said
house and hospital as were directed by the Act.
In the year 1774 (13, 14 Geo. III. c. 17) it was found that the number of children had
increased far beyond the expectation of the governors, and that the expense of supporting
them had exceeded every provision that could be made, exclusive of grants of Parliament;
and in order that the funds for the support of the foundling hospital and workhouse should be
applied to the proper use, it was ordered that children of the age of three years or upwards
should not be received. º
In the year 1776, (15, 16 Geo. III. c. 25,) for the reasons before assigned for reducing the
age of admissibility, it was provided that no child who should appear to be above one year old
should be received.
In 1785 (25 Geo. III. c. 50) an additional annual tax of 6d. in the pound, on every house
within two miles of Dublin castle, above the value, of £5, was imposed, and the licence duties
on hackney coaches, &c., were further increased.
But in 1787 (27 Geo. III. c. 38) the receipt and management of the duties upon these
licences were altogether transferred from the governors of the foundling hospital and work-
house to the commissioners of police for the city, and have never since been restored.
In the years 1798, 1799, 1800, and 1801 (38 Geo. III. c. 35, 39 Geo. III. c. 38, 40 Geo.
III. c. 33; 41 Geo. III. c. 50) Acts were passed, which had the effect of vesting in 13 indi-
viduals, subject to the control of the lord lieutenant, (three of them to be a quorum, except in
cases where the presence of a greater number is required by this or any other Acts in force as
to the hospital,) the sole and entire direction and management of the hospital, and of all
matters relating thereto, with all the powers and authorities exercised by the former govern-
ors. The Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland is ea officio a governor; vacancies among
the other 12 are to be supplied by election among the remaining governors (five being pre-
sent): but the election is void if the approbation of the lord lieutenant be not obtained, and
he has the power of removing any governor.
Regulations were afterwards made (50 Geo. III. c. 192, 54 Geo. III. c. 128, I Geo. IV.
c. 29, 2 Geo. IV. c. 117) restraining the admission of infants to orphans and deserted chil-
dren whose parents were unknown. The relief has not been confined to the cases of children
connected with Dublin, some of the statutes (6 Geo. IV. c. 102, 9 Geo. IV. c. 87) having for
a time empowered the country parishes to levy sums of money for transmitting their foundings
to the Dublin workhouse.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 133 DUBLIN.
==º
* *
In the year 1822 (3 Geo. IV. c. 35) it was considered, that, as children were brought to Riº
the hospital from all parts of Ireland, and received therein, it was reasonable that the hospital ATIONS.
should not be supported by a tax on the citizens of Dublin only, and, accordingly, the taxes
upon houses in Dublin and its environs were repealed. -
Thus the entire of the original revenue and property, appropriated to the support of the
Dublin workhouse, has been annihilated, with the exception only of the land bestowed upon it
by the corporation of Dublin; the entire of its original plan as an institution for the relief of
the poor of Dublin has been superseded; and the only benefit the city derived from the exist-
ence of the establishment was what it shared in common with the rest of Ireland, in the privi-
lege allowed to its parishes of assessing themselves to the amount of £5, for orphans and
deserted children under the age of 12 months, and transmitting them to the hospital.
The foundling establishment, more or less, since the year 1787, and altogether since the
year 1798, has been under the management of Government, and has been maintained at a
heavy expense to the public. For some years, measures have been in progress, the object of
which is, totally to cut off this item of the public expenditure, and to throw upon each parish
the expense of maintaining its own orphans and deserted children. This was the object of
one of the Acts of 1772, before alluded to (11, 12 Geo. III. c. 15); but it was thereby
directed that not more than the sum of £5 should be allowed for the maintenance and educa-
tion of children deserted and exposed in the respective parishes; and although it was reason-
able to suppose that an annual sum of £5 was intended, yet in legal strictness it has been
considered that the sum could only be raised once, and not annually. (See also the 13, 14
Geo. III. c. 24; 3 Geo. IV. c. 35, s. 4; 7 Geo. IV. c. 72, s. 51; 9 Geo. IV. c. 87.)
The latest accounts of the Governors of the Foundling Hospital, published in the Reports
of the Commissioners for auditing Public Accounts in Ireland, state the following details:–
RECEIPTS.
tºmºsºsº *...*|Rent of Estate |*.*.*| casualties. Total.
£. S. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 || 32,506 0 0 || 109 3 l 2, 138 9 4 127 16 3 34,881 8 8
y 5 1830 31,483 0 0 106 17 44 2,770 0 0 5 1 17 5 34,411 14 93,
5 y 1831 || 30,900 0 0 || 106 17 4. 730 () 0 45 l 9 1 31,782 16 5%
> y 1832 27,824 0 0 106 4 11 215 0 0 38 19 11 28, 184 4 10
DISBURSEMENTS.
Bedding, Furni- School Books
* = -º Provisions. Clothing. Coal, Candles, ture, and House Stationery, and
*} Soap, &c. Ex ºr c. is
ºxpenses. Advertisements.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 || 6,342 3 10 || 4,227 4 ll 1,014 1 7 562 17 10 501 15 11
5 j 1830 5,718 13 5 3,626 8 7 850 5 1 536 0 1 0 637 8 5
2 3 1831 4,949 7 I 2,831 6 5 983 0 I 504 5 () 345 9 6
y 5 1832 3,919 14 7 || 2,474 17 10 558 5 4 444 12 10 356 19 2
Repairs, &c. Infirmary Ex- Ses
fºss Rent. of Buil dings. penses. Law Costs. Miscellaneous.
* £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 56 14 6 1,294 10 7 89 17 4 e tº gº 224 4 10
2 3 1830 56 14 6 1,227 17 5 93 13 0 14 16 8 154 18 9
2 3 1831 56 l 4 6 412 1 5 80 13 5 26 l l 6 132 7 9
} } 1832 56 14 6 630 4 0 80 10 0 8 12 0 130 6 11
A prentice e Nursing ºn,
*= gº i." | “... Annuities. || "...º Total.
Allowances. Country.
£. s. d. £. e. d £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 1,074 6 8 || 2,341 19 5 365 15 5 | 18, 166 5 4 || 36,261 18 2
5 5 1830 1,025 19 4 || 2,346 14 0 || 360 14 4 16,603 5 8 || 33,253. 10 0
5 y 1831 1,775 11 0 || 2, 177 7 6 || 360 14 4 || 17,843 6 7 || 32,487 16 l
5 5 1832 2,000 3 6 || 2, 138 13 3 || 360 14 4 || 15,782 11 7 || 28,942 19 10


The hospital appears to have been divided into the “infant department” and the “grown
department,” and there is a debtor and creditor account of the admissions into each, and of
the manner in which the children are disposed of; there is also a statement called the
“Country Account;” these accounts do not show the comparative state of the total numbers
who are a charge on the institution at corresponding periods, but the following results may be
gathered from the statements:—

Sent to nurse | In Nursery at . In Hall at the iłło Al
before, and paid the tº: beginning of Alºn Total
for in the Year. of the Year. the Year.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 4,392 9 1,243 45 l 6,095
5 5 1830 4,272 8 , 1, 106 555 5,941
5 y 1831 3,991 13 978 14S 5, 130
1832 3,379 7 955 43 4, 3S4
DUBLIN. 134 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
MUNICIPAL
/

REGULATIONS. - g g +: Balance appearin -
* P. ſº* * *::: to remain in .# Total.
e £ }), &c. various Departments.
Year ended 5th Jam, 1829 212 612 5,271 6,095
5 y 1830 249 458 . 5,234 5,941
3 5 1831 217 488 f 4,325 - 5,130
} % 1832. 131 - 531 . 3,722 4,384
The progressive diminution of the numbers on the establishment in the subsequent years.
has, of course, been more rapid; and as the period of closing the institution, as a receptacle
for foundlings, is arriving, a question of much local interest arises, whether the property and
buildings of the hospital are to revert to their original destination as a workhouse for employ-
ing and maintaining the poor of the city, or are to be converted to other uses 7
The sums devoted to this hospital by the recent Appropriation Acts have been
In 1832 by the 2, 3 Will. IV. c. 126, s. 19, £30,892 *
1833 , 3, 4 Will. IV. c. 96, s. 18, £22,000
1834. , 4, 5 Will. IV. c. 84, s. 18, £18,919
* 1835 , 5, 6 Will. IV. c. 80, s. 18, £ 9,000
House of Industry. 162. The Dublin House of Industry was established under the third of the Acts of 1772,
before referred to, 11, 12 Geo. III. c. 30, which provided that there should be, for every county,
county of a city, and county of a town, in Ireland, a corporation for the relief of the poor, and
for punishing vagabonds and sturdy beggars. The chief magistrate, sheriffs, and recorder
and the justices of peace of each county of a town or city were ex officio members of the cor-
poration, which was to be styled “The President and Assistants instituted for the Relief of the
Poor, and for punishing Vagabonds and sturdy Beggars for the county of .” These bodies
were to build hospitals, to be called Houses of Industry for the relief of the poor in their
respective counties, and to be divided into four parts:–one to be allotted to such poor
helpless men as should be judged worthy of admission; another, for the reception of such
poor helpless women as should be judged worthy of admission; one other part for the recep-
tion of men who should be committed as vagabonds or sturdy beggars, able or fit for labour;
and the fourth part, for such idle, strolling, and disorderly women, as should be committed,
and found able or fit for labour: and the class of the helpless poor, to which the attention of
these corporations was particularly directed, consisted of those who had resided for one year
within their respective counties, cities, or towns. Every contributor of £20, or subscriber of
#3 annually, was a member without any election, 23, 24 Geo. III. c. 58. The funds for the
support of the houses of industry, it was intended, were to flow principally from the volum-
tary contributions of the inhabitants, and in aid thereof, it was directed that, upon application
to the bishop of the diocese, he should issue his mandate to his clergy, and require sermons
to be preached for the support of the charity, by the ministers, or some qualified persons to
be provided by them, on such one particular Sunday, between the 1st of January and the 1st
of May in every year, as the bishop should appoint, to recommend the charitable purposes of
the Act to the congregations, and to all the inhabitants of the parishes, and to permit collec-
tions to be made on those days in the churches, and throughout the parishes. -
In 1787, it is recorded (27 Geo. III. c. 57), that, by the care and attention of the Corpo-
ration of the Poor for Dublin, their powers had been beneficially carried into execution, and
that, from various causes, the number of persons to be maintained, and kept to labour, by
that body, had considerably increased, whereby the quantity of ground (two roods) allowed
originally for the sites of houses, to be built in cities and towns, for the reception of the help-
less poor and for the keeping in restraint sturdy beggars and vagabonds, was found insuffi-
cient, and therefore the Corporation of the Poor for Dublin were enabled to take, in addition,
four acres of ground, either in the county or the city.
The Act of 1772 (11, 12 Geo. III. c. 30, s.9) provided, that the grand juries, at every
spring assizes, might present, in every county of a city or town, any sum not less than £100,
nor more than £200 ; and in counties at large, not less than £200, nor more than £400, for
the use of their respective corporations of the poor; but in the county and city of Dublin
assizes are not usually held; the grand juries meet in term time, and grant money in the
Easter and Michaelmas terms, which are called presenting terms.
An Act of 1774 (13, 14 Geo. III. c. 46) recited, that doubts had arisen whether the grand
juries for the county of Dublin were enabled, by the Act of 1772, to present and levy money
for the support of a house of industry in the said county; and it enabled the county grand
jury, in Easter term, in every year, to present such sums, and to hand over such portion of
the money to the corporation of the poor for the city, as should be judged reasonable, in pro-
portion to the number of poor received from the county at large into the house of industr
belonging to the city. An Act of 1784 (23, 24 Geo. III. c. 58) empowers the judge of
assize to direct the grand jury to present such sum, not exceeding £100, as he shall think
necessary for the purposes, in addition to the funds provided by the Act of 1772. By an
Act of 1806 (46 Geo. III. c. 95), the grand juries at the summer assizes are empowered to
present such sums of money as shall, with the sums presented under the former Acts, amount,
\ in any county of a city or town, to a sum not less, in the whole, than £400, nor more than
£500; and in a county at large, to a sum not less than £500 nor more than £700, in cases
where the judge shall be satisfied that the corporation for the relief of the poor is properly
conducted, and that such further sums are necessary, or that it is expedient to provide for the
expense of building a house of industry. The latest Act, passed in 1818 (58 Geo. III. c. 47,
s. 9) provides that the grand jury of each and every county, county of a city, or county of a
town, in Ireland, may present any sum of money not exceeding £500 in the year, over and
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. - 135 DUBLIN.
above and exclusive of any sums which they were by law empowered to present for the sup- Rºßs.
port of houses of industry in Ireland under the former Acts, to be applied towards the -
support of their respective houses of industry.
Doubts have been entertained whether the grand jury of the city of Dublin have any legal Present mode of
power whatever to grant presentments under these Acts; and whether the grand jury of the appointing Go-
county of Dublin have any legal power beyond that conferred by the Act of 1774; but these Vernor.
doubts are not now considered of any importance; for, by the result of a series of Acts passed
in 1798, 1799, 1800, and 1820 (38 Geo. III. c. 34, 39 Geo. III. c. 38, 40 Geo. III. c. 40,
1 Geo. IV. c. 49), the whole management has been transferred to one governor, under the
appointment and direction of the Lord Lieutenant; and the inhabitants of Dublin have been
devested of all control over the institution, and are no longer called upon to make local con-
tributions for its support. - -
The governor of the house of industry has in charge, besides the principal institution,
certain general hospitals attached, and his accounts comprise a statement of the expenses of
those establishments. The Institution is possessed of the following legacies:–Baron Vry-
hoven's legacy, £1,612 10s., 3% per cent. Consols; part of Thomas Barry's legacy,
f:1496 14s. 10d., 3% per cent. Government Stock; General Lyons's legacy, £1,131 10s. 5d.,
3% per cent. Government Stock. The following details are extracted from the Reports of
r)
the Commissioners for auditing Public Accounts in Ireland:—
z
RECEIPTS.
- By Parliamentary | Interest on |Profit on the La- Sundry casual Total
Grant. Legacies. bour of the Poor. Receipts. - g
l - - - £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 || 24,977 0 9 155 17 11 87 2 6 370 17 10 25,590 l8 11
3 × 1830 22,448 9 8 | 75 13, 1 1 72 4 8 3S0 16 2 23,077 4 5
3 y 1831 25,066 4 1 17S ] (; 10 79 7 8 368 () 2 25,692 8 9
5 5 1832 21,293 15 4 91 19 6 78 6 4+ 324 18 8 21,788 19 10;
DISBURSEMENTS.
*-*. Provisions Coal, Soap, Beddin Clothin Premiums Furniture
Candles, &c. & g- 9. ty ****
£. s. d. 6. s. d. £. s. d. f'. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 |10,346 6 8| 1,098 5 ) 494 lb 10 | 1,249 11 7 || 164 17 l l 447 1 9
} 5 1830 10,930 12 11ſ 1,197 9 0 || 485 ) 5 | 1,318 18 0 | 159 15 4 || 245 12 5
j ) 1831 ||10,959 l l 7, 1,263 16 9 || 312 13 2 | 1,008 14 3 . . . . 226 14 7
3 y 1832 ||10,849 7 4 l,207 4 4 || 838 7 11 | 1,657 12 1 . . . 229 19 8
Repairs and Funeral Law Costs Contingen- Gratuities sººnd Rent and
Alterations. Expenses. ClQS. to Nurses. Expenses. Taxes.
£. s. a. ſ. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d. c. s. d. £. s. d. C. s. a
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 994 l 9| 45 1 0 || 3:2 5 0 | 123 18 l 64 2 6 || 62 14 2 |680 5 3
3 y 1830 |1,032 6 2. 52 7 2 || 23 3 3 || 145 l 9 || 58 15 6 || 39 15 3 |698 1 1
5 5 1831 || 959 6 6. 32 4 6 || 31 9 l 109 () 9 || 6 || 1 (; 64 4 0 |722 IS 0
2 3 1832 |1,027 17 2, 44 8 5 || 41 0 0 || 113 17 10 | 66 12 6 | 72 3 8 |707 0 9
Books * Whi tworth º
Printin g Garden Tobacco ch roºle, aud Ri chmond Talbot Officers’
sº and * Expenses and Hººke Surgical Dispensary. Salaries
r * J. Nº s * G V01? - ~! e º
Stationery. Snuff. Hospitals. Hospital.
£. s. d. f. s. d. £. s. d. E. s. d. E. s. d. f. s. d. C. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jam. 1829 || 105 2 1 55 ll 11 136 13 6 686 0 3| 797 5 3; 350 7 92,327 0 6
2 3 1830 | 121 2 || 39 16 () 136 12 9 592 3 11| 858 16 4' 307 I 22,328 l l 4
3 3 1831 || 149 I I III 23 15 2 | 136 10 0 545 14 13,517 19 4 323 4 62,459 8 0 t
} > 1832 || 1 13 17 4|114 18 11 || 139 2 6f 734 18 41,233 3 8 321 10 62,443 12 0
º Institution for Dxtra Accom-
º Menial ...'",” Manufactur- * ** -
ºs- J Relief of , : dat for
Pensions. Offices. Ruºi too. ing Account. gº tºº. Total.
£. s. d £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 691 19 4 | 1,069 13 4 || 216 0 4 || 35 7 3 . . . 22,164 12 0
- 3 5 1830 588 10 I | 1,054 18 0 | 166 18 5 || 24 5 6 919 19 9 |23,525 14 7
5 5 1831 618 2 4 || 95.2 18 8 || 193 16 10 22 2 1 66 8 4 || 24,860 15 JI
2 3 1832 556 2 3 || 946 4 0 | 190 l 6 || 48 3 10 . . . . 23,587 6 6


S
2
DUBLIN. 136 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN CHARGE of THE GOVERNOR.
REGULATIONS. F PERSO CHARGE OF TH -
5th Jan. 1829. 5th Jan. 1830. 5th Jan. 1831. || 5th Jan. 1832.
House DEPARTMENT.
Aged and infirm paupers e o . S41 81 l 850 860
Children º º tº e e º 65 35 33 31
Idiots and incurable idiots in wards and -
Hardwicke cells . © º e º 454 473 472 479
Keepers, nurses, and other servants . . . . 135 13S *~. 137 135
Total . 1,495 | – 1,457 — 1,492 1,505
MENDICANT C1.1.1.s.
Sturdy beggars committed by the magistrates 24 y 24 33 30
Keeper and nurse . e tº ge © 2 2 2 2
- Total . • , | - 26 -* 26 º 35 — 32
Hospita I, DEPARTMENT. - IBeds. Patients. Patients. Patients, Patients.
Richmond surgical hospital . . 112 || 1 || 0 1 || 0 109 12]
Whitworth chronic hospital . 82 80 8 l 82 78
Hardwicke fever hospital . 144 63 80 99 98
Wellesley fever hospital . . 1 13 28 19
Nurses, &c. . º Q e º e 62 56 53 53
Total . º - 343 — 346 *-*. 343 | – 350
Total in chargo of the governor 1,864 1,829 1,870 1,887

The Parliamentary grant in each of the last two years in aid of these charities has been
- £20,000.
Mendicity Associa- . 163. The uses for which the foregoing establishments were originally intended, but which
tion. they have, in a great measure, ceased to answer, are supplied by several voluntary institutions,
the principal and most comprehensive of which is the Association for the Suppression of Men-
dicity. -
When this association commenced its operations in the year 1818, the governors of the
house of industry had ceased to attend to the coercion of sturdy beggars, and there was no
place in the city to which the magistrates could commit those who might be convicted before
them under the provisions of the statutes making the act of begging an offence. It appears
that in 1819, with the view of providing for the admission into the Richmond lunatic asylum
of “curable * patients, the Lord Lieutenant authorized the governors of that asylum to trans-
fer from their surplus funds to the governors of the house of industry fº,000, in part of the
expense of erecting additional cells and other accommodations adjoining the then existing
building of the house of industry, for the reception of “incurable” lunatic patients; the re-
mainder of the expense, £500, to be appropriated from the funds of the house of industry.
In consequence, forty “ cells” were built. In 1820, the Mendicity Association succeeded in
procuring twenty-four of these “cells" to be allocated for the reception of sturdy beggars,
and the laws for the coercion of such offenders, were thereupon again brought into operation.
In 1822, the sixteen additional “ cells" were also, by direction of the Lord Lieutenant, at
the instance of the association, appropriated to the same use. But in July, 1826, the sixteen
additional cells were under an order from the Chief Secretary, appropriated to the reception
of refractory lunatic patients. From that period, the “twenty-four cells” have been the only
receptacle for convicted beggars; and it appears that the magistrates have actually convicted
and committed to them—
In the year 1827 - - - 2,804 In the year 1831 - - - 1,775
32 1828 - - - 2,223 35 1832 - - - 2,550
,, 1829 - - - 2,132 ,, , 1833 - - - 3,287
35 1830 - - - 2,967
The governor has given orders, for the purpose of aiding the objects of the Mendicity As-
sociation, “that when a mendicant, with a child or children, shall be committed to the house,
such mendicant, with not more than two children, may be accommodated in one cell.” Still
the committals are to an amount far exceeding the accommodation; although the cells are
fully occupied, fresh committals are almost daily sent. In one instance, 6th January, 1830,
the governor states, “forty-six mendicants were committed, although the twenty-four cells
were at the time all occupied; it therefore follows,” he adds, “ that numerous instances
have occurred in which beggars have been discharged immediately after having been com-
mitted, and the governor is left no other alternative than selecting from the committals such
cases as appear most flagrant, to occupy the cells of those who may be considered most de-
serving of being discharged.” This state of things is much complained of; many of those
committed, it is stated, return to beg in the streets almost before the face of the officers who
give them in charge, and a large proportion of them cannot be detained by the governor for a
longer period than one might.
The Mendicity House is opened, daily, for the reception of all mendicants; employment
and wages are afforded to those strong and in health, and care and assistance to the sick and in-
firm; all those who are able are required to attend in the morning at the workshops, rooms,
or schools of the institution, returning to their own homes in the evening. Those who are
unable to attend are visited and relieved at home. Some hundreds of strangers, also, are
annually transmitted, at a small cost, to England, and to the interior of the country.
The following extracts from the returns and calculations of the association, in some mea-
sure, show the extent and economy of their operations, which we have considered too remark-
able to leave unnoticed in this Report:-
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 137
DUBLIN.

Net Cost to the
Total Income from Public of the Mendi- | Average -
Subscriptions Qants on the B90ks, Number of Average Cost Total Quantity Average
º including all ordinary º of each Price
YEAR. casual Contributions, expenses, but exclu. Mendicants & of º
and sive of outfit, build- OI). Mendicant per | . of Potatoes
Interest on Legacies. º transmissions, the Books. Annum. Potatoes purchased. per Ton.
kiss 9 i. I o is 8 ºrs ". º 2,624 § º f tons. cwts. qrs. S. d.
, l;) e , 67: 2 - tº tº e cº º
1819 10,477 7 10% 8,892 17 7 1,584 5 12 3% 309 14 0 70 0
1S20 5,722 6 10 4,400 5 0 1,050 4 3 10 377 5 0 49 10
1821 5, 167 5 5 3,697 3 6% 836 4 8 5% 287 2 0 37 8
1822 4, 320 14 8 3,488 6 11% 691 5 1 () 308 l8 0 44 0
1823 3,544 14 10% 4,300 3 5 753 5 14 24 344 8 0 40 7
1824 5,278 15 7 5,859 11 53, 1, 184 4 19 O 721 19 O 65 8
I 825 6,055 6 I 6,625 11 11% 1,335 4 19 3 665 1 0 67 6
f 1826 6,249 3 6% 5,437 18 4 1,288 4 4 5 621 15 0 67 0
1827 7,764 18 3% 6,726 3 0} 1,838 3 13 3 1, 117 15 0 5 l 6
182S 7,457 2 1 7,711 2 10 | 1,728 4 9 5 1,382 5 3 29 O
1829 6,930 4 3% 7,776 9 9} 2,004 3 17 7", I, 483 16 1 42 1
1830 | 10,647 1 24 11,043 3 13, 2,517 || 4 7 9 | 1,684 12 2 55 6
1831 9,547 8 8% 8,559 8 6 2,810 3 3 3} | 1,520 18 0 || 37 93.
1832 6,830 2 1 6,020 12 5 1,917 3 10 7 1,600 5 0 27 10
1833 6,696 8 8 5,799, 6 9 1,784 3 l 4 4 1,583 5 () 34 0
1834 7,011 8 7 6,249 9 8 1,957 3 12 0 # 985 2 1 39 10
^
* For seven months from the 8th of June, 1818.
+ The accounts prior to this are in the late Irish currency, those subsequent in imperial currency.
# 97 tons 7 cwts, oatmeal used in this year.
164. The building of the Richmond Lunatic Asylum in Dublin had been, previously to the Richmond Lunatic
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
year 1815, proceeded upon under the care of the governors of the house of industry; and the Asylum.
money for the building having been included in their estimates was granted to them by Parlia-
ment. In that year, by the 55 Geo. III. c. 107, a separate body, the Governors of the Rich-
mond Lunatic Asylum in Dublin, was incorporated, and placed under the orders of the Lord
Lieutenant; and they were required to account annually before the Commissioners for audit-
ing Public Accounts, for all sums of money received and paid by them out of any fund, public
or private.
A series of subsequent Acts of Parliament (57 Geo. III. c. 106, 1 Geo. IV. c. 98, 1, 2 Geo.
IV. c. 33, 6 Geo. IV. c. 54, 7 Geo. IV. c. 14) empowered the Lord Lieutenant and Council to
order any number of asylums for lunatics in Ireland to be erected and established in and for
districts consisting of one county, county of a city, or county of a town, or of two or more, in
which asylums all lunatic poor within such districts shall be maintained and taken care of;
such asylum for any district consisting of more than one county, &c. to be sufficient to contain
such number, not less than 100 nor more than 150; and for a district consisting of only one
county, &c. to be sufficient to contain such number, not less than fifty lunatic poor, as the
Lord Lieutenant and Council shall direct; and these Acts enabled the grand juries at the assizes,
to make presentments for defraying the expenses of erecting and establishing such asylums,
and for maintaining the same, to such amount, and in such proportions, as shall be directed
by the Lord Lieutenant and Council. Afterwards, in 1830, the 11 Geo. IV. c. 22 (repealing
the 55 Geo. III. c. 107), constituted the Richmond lunatic asylum a district lunatic asylum
for the county of the city of Dublin, and for such other county or counties as should, under
the 1, 2 Geo. IV. c. 33, be constituted with it a district for a lunatic asylum ; and the grand
juries of the county of the city of Dublin, and of the county of Dublin, and of each other
county included in the district, were required to present, to be raised off the city and each
such county respectively for the building, alteration, or repair of the asylum, and for the
maintenance, clothing, and other charges of the patients, in like manner as was provided by
the 1, 2 Geo. IV. c. 33. In 1831, it was found that this building was capable of accommo-
dating a much larger number of lunatic poor than the number limited by the former Act,
and by the 1 Will. IV. c. 13, the restriction upon the numbers was removed.
The 1, 2 Geo. IV. c. 33, s. 5, empowered the Lord Lieutenant and Council to appoint the
governors or directors of every such asylum, and also to appoint eight Commissioners for
general control and correspondence, and for superintending and directing the erection, esta-
blishment, and regulation of all such asylums. It (11 Geo. IV. c. 22) vested the Richmond
lumatic asylum “ in such commissioners as shall, pursuant to the provisions of the said
recited Act of the first and second years of His Majesty, be nominated and appointed for the
district to which the said asylum shall belong, or any three of them, and to their heirs and
successors,” in trust for the uses and purposes of the asylum as such district lunatic asylum.
The counties which have been added in the district to which this asylum is attached are
the counties of Dublin, Wicklow, Meath, Louth, and the county of the town of Drogheda.
DUBLIN.
138 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
*-ā-
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Lying-in Hospital. '
RECEIPTS.
ſº On account of the | From the Friends
*mº Pººy Counties within of Patients, Total.
º the l)istrict. and by Casualties.
f. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s, d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 6,658 0 0 e © 6 134 15 6 6,792 15 6
5 5 1830 6,700 0 0 • & © 116 2 4 6,816 2 4
5 x 1831 6,700 0 0 Q * @ 332 8 4 7,032 8 4
5 y 1832 1,388 0 0 5,334 0 0 108 () () 6,830 0 0
DISBURSEMENTS.
& Stationery, Furniture
~ ; c.; Garden | Rent and º Straight- | Samps, and t
--> Provisions. Expenses. Insurance. Clothing. .# &c. '''.i. and Bed-
Inents. ding, &c.
£. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. ſ. s. d £. s. d. £, s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 2,862 18 0| 57 13 l l 21 12 8 || 815 17 9 || 64 6 3 35 15 0 || 563 10 6
9 3 1830 || 3,032 6 2 47 l.0 l 21 12 8 || 618 12 0 || 58 19 2 26 15 7 || 430 17 2
º 2 3 1831 || 2,986 9 4' 48 14 3 || 21 12 8 || 659 18 l | 89 7 0 || 30 12 4 567 0 1 1
3 5 1832 2,424 8 1. 41 2 6 || 32 3 1 || 512 14 1 || 12 5 0 || 36 1S 4 || 405 3 10
Coals, Cam. | Tobacco Miscella- t Repairs, &c. * - c.
ammºmºs dles, Soap. and néous Ex- #. of Build. sº and Total.
Lamp-oil, &c. Snuff. penses. *Penses. ings. ages. º
£. s. d. f. s d. £. s. d. D. s. d. £. s. d. E. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829 551 5 7 || 65 17 4 || 71 10 3 | 118 17 11 || 491 l 5 1,127 14 116,848 16 0
2 3 1830 ||614 0 || 65 17 4 || 30 16 7 || 98 || 7 |463 6 5 | 1,155 15 36,729 0 1
3 5 1831 564 14 3 || 56 13 0 | 66 19 9 83 19 8 || 558 Il 3 | 1,198 9 96,923 2 3
} } 1832 286 5 l 58 14 4 30 6 6 106 15 0 || 593 l l 9 1,186 6 115,726 13 8
Number of Patients remaining in the Asylum.
5th of January, 1828 . . . . . . . . 282 5th of January, 1831 . . . . . . . . 255
5) 182 e º e º e º 'º & 307 * 35 1832 tº gº tº e º e º & 243
1830 . . . . . . . . 298 1833 . . . . . . . . 262


55
59
165. The provisions of the several Acts of Parliament relating to the Lying-in Hospital, and
the rates and taxes provided towards its support and maintenance, have already been stated
(p. 122). The institution was constituted by royal charter dated, the
under which the lord mayor, sheriffs, and recorder of the city, for the time being, were consti-
tuted governors and guardians of the Hospital.
The following particulars are extracted from the printed Reports of the Commissioners for
auditing Public Accounts in Ireland.
The property of the governors is returned as consisting of the amount of various legacies
and subscriptions invested in the 33 per cents., making a total of £14,518 9s. 9d., and pro-
ducing a yearly interest of £508 2s. 8d. They have another legacy in bank stock of
£276, 18s. 6d., producing £24 18s. 6d. yearly ; a bequest of £500 Irish, at 6 per cent.,
producing £27 13s. 10d. yearly; and ground-rents producing £223 7s.6d. yearly.
, 1757,
Their
“debenture” debt appears to amount to £11,000 Irish, paying interest at 4 per cent.
The Rutland-square tax is not included in the “property” of the Hospital, as it is expended
(all to a few pounds) in lighting the square, and painting and keeping the railing in order.
RECEIPTS.
* ; , 13ed Money,
J. : Rents, and Rotunda |ºllections in inj
. º: Interest on | Rooms and "...". Fº'. * Total.
square lax.] tary Gl securities. Gardens. Benefactions. º:
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829.262 2 34|2,769 7 8 |398 3 l (1,144 17 7 323 19 4,174 7 7 |5,072 17 63
5 5 ,, 1830'312 8 9"|2,608 7 8 |435 7 541,093 18 10 318 3 6%|210 9 l 4,980 15 4
5 3 > y 1831|320 9 7}}),942 12 8 (676 15 2; 1,123 14 5 344 4 14252 18 2 |4,660 14 24
2 3 , , 1832,318 9 5 1,647 2 8 |585 0 • * 19 5 |262 9 0 ||140 12 3 4,395 13 6
DISBURSEMENTS.
'Lighti Rents, Insu- Expenses of - Coal,Soap,
ighting Establish- rance, and | Rotunda, Chapel Sa-Washing, Me dicines. Cºdleś.
Rutland || ment. Debenture Rooms and laries, &c. &c. 1. *land Light-
Square. Interest. Gardens. ing.
£. s. d. £. s. d. C. s. d, . C. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829|270 15 0.546 17 0.693 4 13286 15 8 185 0 10 432 3 10|155 10 l l 294 4 3
2 3 2 3 1830,270 15 0520 2 10610 2 53,269 17 1 |193 9 4 |389 0 10|160 0 2 1299 l? 4
2 3 } } 1831|270 15 0|524 2 1057 | 7 9.4|333 19 7 | 183 13 4 |388 9 || || 50 3 0 |207 17 2
5 5 } } 1832|344 5 0521 2 106.17 10 2+|249 2 3}183 13 4 |367 15 0|142 17 93.197 19 0
Furmit Instruction Building and sº y
Maintenance. ºw. º º ... and A .2| Incidents. | Total.
upils. tising.
£. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d. C. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Year ended 5th Jan. 1829|1,219 11 8 |245 19 3}| 73 16 10 || 542 16 11 57 10 7 || 49 19 0 |5,054 14 II
5 3 , , 18301,152 13 3 207 3 53| 73 16 10 || 445 1 9% 15 14 1 || 40 7 5}|4,648 I 11+
9 3 2 3 1831||1,107 15 2,226 12 0 | 73 16 10 || 510 12 10 || 33 7 1 |128 5 734,710 17 7+
5 5 2 3 18321,094 0 5;|226 19 7 | 73 16 10 || 399 17 9} | 21 19 5 | 19 14 2 |4,460 13 83,


MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. '139
DUBLIN.
166. The other Charitable Institutions in the city are extremely numerous; and are for the
most part supported by private benefactions. A great number of them, however, receive aid
from Parliamentary grants generally included in the Annual Appropriation Acts, and their
accounts have been submitted to the Commissioners for auditing the Public Accounts; the
principal subjects of these grants have been—Mercer's Hospital, Stevens's Hospital, the
Fever Hospital, the Whitworth Fever Hospital, St. Patrick's Hospital, Sir Patrick Dun's
Hospital, the Hospital for Incurables, the Charitable Infirmary, the Westmoreland Lock
Hospital, the Female Orphan House, the Shelter for Females, the Cow-pock Institution.
Of none of these do any of the civic authorities appear to be, ea officio, members; and ſew
of them are regulated by Acts of Parliament. The governors of Mercer's Hospital were in-
corporated by the 23 Geo. II. c. 18; by the 5 Geo. III. c. 20, for establishing public infirmaries
or hospitals in the several counties, it was enacted (s. 13), that the yearly sum of 150l. should
be paid out of the public money to the treasurers of Mercer's Hospital, the Hospital of In-
curables, and the Charitable Infirmary, to be equally divided between them; to be applied
for the physicians and surgeons, or as governors should find advisable, for the benefit of the
hospitals and infirmary and the patients therein. And the grand jury of the city were (s. 14)
empowered to present in Trinity term, yearly, a sum not exceeding 150l., nor less than 75l., to
be paid in like manner, and to be applied in providing food and other necessaries for the
patients, and repairing the hospitals and infirmary and the furniture, and in paying the rents
thereof.
By the 11 Geo. III. c. 6, s. 3, half the penalty for burning bricks in the neighbourhood of
Dublin was appropriated to the use of Mercer's Hospital; but these and similar enactments
seem to be superseded by the provisions of the Police Act already adverted to.
The Governors and Guardians of Stevens's Hospital were incorporated by the 3 Geo. II.
c. 23.
Some of the corporate authorities are constituted members, ea officio, of certain chartered
bodies, the objects of which are rather of a mational than a local description. Thus—
The lord mayor and the recorder are, among others, governors of the Hibernian Society
ſor the care of Soldiers' Children, constituted under charters of 15th July, 1769, and 6th
February, 1808.
The lord mayor and the senior master of the guild of merchants are governors of the
Hibernian Marine Society for maintaining, educating, and apprenticing the Orphans and
Children of decayed Seamen of His Majesty's Navy and the Merchant Service; the charter
of this body is dated 20th June, 1775.
These institutions have been sustained by Parliamentary grants.
The lord mayor and the recorder are also governors of the Schools founded by Erasmus
Smith, Esq., under a charter dated 26th March, 1669. The charitable uses of this institution
were further regulated by a private Act of Parliament, 10 Geo. 1, c. 1.
We did not conceive any of the above institutions, except the Blue-coat hospital, required
of us, under all the circumstances, a detailed investigation into their management; but we
thought it right thus far to motice their past or present connexion with the corporation of
Dublin, and the legislation by which the corporate district has been locally governed and
regulated.
167. The charter of the city of Dublin, dated the 7th November, 2 John, already mentioned,
pages 3, 4,) granted to the citizens a moiety of the river Liffey (Avenlithe) for fishing, and
the charter of the 14th June, 13 Henry III, granted to them that part of the water of the
Liffey which belonged to them, together with a part of the same river which belonged to the
King, excepting certain boat fishings and mill-sites. Under these grants the corporation of
Dublin have claimed the ownership of the soil and bed of the river and port.
The charter of 24 Elizabeth granted to the corporation the office of admiralty wherever the
sheriffs of the city might lawfully receive custom between Arklow and Nanny Water, the
jurisdiction and authority of admiral to belong to the mayor for the time being. The charter
of 13 Charles II. granted to them the ferry over the Liffey, with power to take a fee of a half-
penny of every passenger.
168. The river “ Anna Liffey,” which divides the city of Dublin and “makes the port there-
of,” having become extremely shallow and well nigh choked from the bridge called Farmer's
Bridge, to the bar of the port, to the great detriment of trade, and to the hazard of the shipping
resorting to the city, which mischiefs had been principally occasioned by the licentious and
irregular taking up of ballast and breaking the banks of the channel, for want of proper laws
regulating how and in what manner the shipping resorting to the port and harbour should
demean themselves in relation to their throwing out or taking in of their ballast, by an Act
of the Irish Parliament, 6 Ann, c. 20, passed in the year 1707, upon the petition of the corpo-
ration of Dublin, and at the request of the Lord High Admiral, the corporation were empow-
ered to erect a Ballast Office for the port of Dublin, and were appointed Keepers and Conser-
vators of the Port, with powers of making bye-laws for the government of the office, the cleansing
of the channel, and the securing of ships coming into the port, such bye-laws to be approved
of by the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council. *
The raising and the delivery and receiving back of Ballast in the port was committed to
them and their workmen, exclusively, and certain rates were imposed payable to them for
every tom of ballast delivered or received back. -
And for the mending and cleansing of the river and port, certain duties upon the Tonnage of
vessels coming within the bar, (computed by outward gauging,) and upon lighters, gabbards,
and wherries employed in the port, were imposed and vested in the corporation.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIQNS.
Other Charitable
Institutions.
Mercer's Hospital,
Hospital of Incura-
bles, Charitable In-
firmary.
Stevens's Hospital.
Hibernian Society
for Soldiers' Chil-
dren.
Hibernian Marine
Society.
Erasmus Smith's
Schools.
RIVER, Port, and
HARBOUR.
Charters respect-
1ng.
Enactments respect-
ing.
Corporation of Dub-
lim made Conserva-
tors of the Port, and
Ballast Office
erected.
Ballastage.
Tommage.
DUBLIN. 140 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICI PAL It was directed that the money arising or levied by this Act (incident charges, salaries,
REGULATIONS. bo ſº º
and the necessary expenses of the ballast office being deducted), should be employed in
amending and cleansing the river and port; any overplus to be applied towards the mainte-
nance of the Blue-coat hospital.
In 1719 some trivial amendments were made, 6 Geo. I. c. 15, ss. 6, 7 ; ships bound coast-
ways were made chargeable.
In 1723, 10 Geo. I. c. 3, ss. 23–27, some regulations were made for repressing the
nuisances of fires near to houses lying close to the quays and ships at anchor, and on board of
ships in certain stations, and for the regulation of the channel.
Pilotage. No effectual provision having been made by the Ballast Act, for preventing the many and
great losses happening from the want of skilful pilots to take charge of ships trading to the
port, and from the want of haven masters to regulate the placing of vessels, &c., it was
enacted in 1763, by the 3 Geo. III. c. 15, that the corporation of Dublin, as conservators of
the port, should have the power of licensing 50 pilots and appointing two haven masters, the
latter to take care that certain buoys and floating perches should be placed and constantly
kept up, and to regulate and station the trading ships, vessels, and lighters, within the
harbour.
Trading vessels laden with merchandise coming in or going out of the harbour (except
those laden with coals or corn, trading coastways), were obliged to receive the licensed pilots,
and certain rates per foot for pilotage over the bar, and for pilotage from Poolbeg to the quays,
Further Tonnage. were imposed. Small additional duties on the Tommage of vessels were also charged for the
purposes of this Act.
It was directed that any surplus, after all incident charges, salaries, and necessary expenses
should be answered, should be applied towards carrying on the south wall, then called the
ballast office wall.
Ballast Office Com- And for the constant management and transaction of the matters necessary for carrying
mittee. this Act into execution, a new body, to consist of five aldermen, 10 common council men, and
15 freemen of the guild of merchants, being merchants qualified as thereby directed, and
eligible triennially, by the respective bodies to which they belonged, were empowered to nomi-
nate pilots and haven masters and to regulate their salaries, the allowances for actual pilotage,
and rewards for extraordinary services; also to make orders for their conduct, and for the issue
of money; but this without lessening the general authority of the corporation under the former
Act, or otherwise.
In 1772, by the 11, 12 Geo. III. c. 19, s. 12, eleven members of the committee were em-
owered to do all acts, and five to do ordinary business. !
Parliamentary Several Grants of money were made by the Irish Parliament to the corporation of Dublin,
Grants. to enable them to finish the south (or ballast office) wall.
f'. s. d.
In 1753, 27 Geo. II. c. 1, s. 14 e e gº . 10,000 0 O
1755, 29 Geo. II. c. 1, s. 14 e gº e . 10,000 0 0
1759, 33 Geo. II. c. 1, s. 14 * e g º 5,000 0 0
1761, l Geo. III. c. 1, s. 14 g g ſº tº 5,000 0 0 .
1763, 3 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 13 g g gº gº 4,000 0 0
1765, 5 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 7 g g © © 4,000 0 0
1767, 7 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 7 g tº º tº 5,000 0 0
1771, 11 Geo. III. 3. c. 4 º * & * , 2,669 4 6
1772, 11, 12 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 7 * * sº g 5,000 0 0
1774, 13, 14 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 16 1,500 0 0
1776, 15, 16 Geo. III. c. 8, s. 17 1,500 0 0
1778, 17, 18 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 17 º 1,500 0 0
1780, 19, 20 Geo. III. c. 7, s. 24 ſº 3,000 0 0
Total tº . £58,169 4 6
But the amount actually issued was, as stated in 23, 24
Geo. III, c. 26, s. 5 . es º ſº e #57,169 4 6
By the Acts of 1707 and 1753, the corporation were directed, once in every three years, to
account to the Lord Lieutenant and Council, a duty which they appear to have neglected; for
in 1782 the Parliament (21, 22 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 26), in authorising a further grant of
fº,000 to them, towards carrying on the ballast office wall, made it under the proviso, “that
it should appear they had ºś accounted for the ballast office revenue, pursuant to Act
of Parliament.” And in 1784 (23, 24 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 33,) they not having so accounted,
the grant was repealed, and the £2,000 handed, with £1,000 more, to trustees “for the
purpose of making moorings in the harbour, or improving it, by changing the course of the
river Dodder. In the same year the legislature (23, 24 Geo. III. c. 26, s. 5), adverting to the
provision for appropriating the surplus revenue of the ballast office to the amending and
cleansing of the river and port, and for the use of the Blue-coat hospital, declared that the
duties produced a very considerable annual revenue, and they were, if not duly expended, “an
unnecessary charge on the trade and shipping of the port of Dublin;” and finding that regular
and satisfactory accounts of the duties had not been submitted, and adverting also to the grants
of the £57,169 4s. 6d. and the allocation of the surplus of the pilotage duties for carrying on
the ballast office wall, they sent the corporation to account for all those duties and grants before
the Commissioners of Imprest Accounts.
The result of that account, probably, was not satisfactory; for in 1786 all the former laws
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. I4]
DUBLIN.
vesting any powers in the corporation and others relative to the cleansing and improving the
port, harbour, and river, regulating the conduct of masters and owners of shipping, and securing
vessels trading to the harbour, were repealed by the 26 Geo. III. c. 19, as having been found
ineffectual, and a new body, styled “the Corporation for Preserving and Improving the Port of
Dublin,” was created, to form a new board of management. This Act originated the now
subsisting “ballast board.”
Besides the duties and parliamentary grants, so expended by the corporation of Dublin, it
appears they had borrowed large sums of money for the purpose of building and carrying on
the ballast office wall, (see the 26 Geo. III. c. 32, s. 15,) whereof considerable sums were due
for principal and interest; and their power to charge those sums on the funds granted by the
prior Acts being doubted, Parliament, on the ground that it was just and reasonable that the
several fair creditors, who lent their money for this useful purpose, should be repaid, enacted,
that the just debts so contracted by the corporation of Dublin or their committee, and which
should be certified to have been applied to such purposes, should be a charge upon the funds
for improving the port, harbour, and river. -
The lord mayor and sheriffs, and three aldermen, were associated in the New Body, with
17 other persons.
The lord mayor and board of aldermen were allowed the power of filling vacancies by the
death, resignation, or refusal to act of the three aldermen, named in the Act, and their suc-
cessors, so that there should at all times be three aldermen of the city in the new corporation.
The succession in this corporation, as relates to the other 17 members, was directed to be kept
up by three or more of the members appointing to vacancies, and the board, with the exception
of the members who represent the corporation of the city, are merely self-elected. All the
appointments are for life, save that any member continuing to absent himself from the
meetings for three calendar months, without licence of the corporation previously entered in
the minutes, it is enacted, shall cease to be a member, unless it shall fully appear to the
corporation that he was prevented from attending by sickness.
The new corporation were required, and exclusively empowered, to provide for the raising
of Ballast in the harbour or river, and to furnish to all vessels requiring it, at specified rates;
rates were also imposed for ballast put out. Tonnage duties on Foreign and British
and Irish ships, colliers and coasters, were also charged, and annual duties upon Wherries,
Gabbards, and Lighters.
This Act (26 Geo. III. c. 19) also recited, that several persons residing on the quays on both
sides of the river had theretofore received from ships, coming between the walls of the quays,
different sums of money by way of compensation for keeping the walls and quays in repair,
and for permitting ships to be fastened to rings or posts thereupon, and goods to be landed;
notwithstanding which, the walls and quays were frequently suffered to be in a ruinous and
dangerous condition; and it enacted, that the ballast corporation should repair the walls
and quays within certain limits; Quayage duties were imposed to enable them to make such
repairs; and all other persons were prohibited from levying them.
Offences injurious to the quays, walls, or river, were also made punishable; the jurisdiction
of trying them was in some instances vested in the members of the ballast corporation; in
others, in the lord mayor or justices of the peace.
The ballast corporation were also empowered to license and appoint pilots, and ascertain
their wages, and a pilot-master and haven-masters at salaries of £80 yearly each; the latter
officers being bound to take care that buoys and floating perches were kept upon the north
and south ends of the bank called the Kish, and on the Coddling Patch; and to regulate the
mooring of vessels in the harbour, and remove all obstructions in the navigation.
Trading vessels laden with merchandize (except coals, corn trading coastwise, or fish)
coming to or going from the harbour were obliged to receive a licensed pilot on board, and
were charged specific pilotage rates. Superannuations not to exceed £100 a year, and
allowances for extraordinary services were permitted to be made by the board.
The moneys to arise from the rates, duties, fines, &c., were directed to be applied, after
paying the salaries, rewards, pilotage, and other necessary expenses, in improving and
cleansing the river and port, keeping the walls in repair, and particularly in carrying on the
south wall. -
This Act also stated that the harbour of Dunleary was a landing-place within the port of
Dublin, and of singular use to the trade, by affording a safety to shipping when they could
not get into the harbour of Dublin; and to improve it, and the pier thereof; the ballast
corporation were enabled to raise ballast, and furnish ballast there under the like
regulations as in the harbour of Dublin, and subject to the like charges; and the same
powers and regulations were extended also to the harbour of Dalkey, as it might be found
expedient to fix buoys in the channel between Dalkey and the main, and to improve it so as
to render lying in that road more safe and commodious.
Provision was also made for punishing persons cutting away buoys, buoy-ropes, hawsers,
&c., and buyers and sellers of old ropes or rigging were compelled to take out licences from
the ballast board, and to give securities, and to enter all sales at a public crane, (which, by
the 32 Geo. III. c. 35, s. 36, they were empowered to erect.)
The Act empowered the corporation to borrow money at interest upon the credit of the
payments, rates, duties, and revenues, to enable them more effectually to carry the purposes
of the Act into execution; and to issue Debentures under their common seal for the sums of
money so to be borrowed, in such manner as they should by any bye-law appoint; such
debentures and the sums therein contained to be actual charges and liens upon the rates, &c.
They were directed to account yearly before the commissioners of imprest accounts; and
empowered to order and direct to be paid to pilots, actually piloting ships into or out of the
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Corporation for
Preserving and Im-
proving the Port
and Harbour.
Debt contracted by
the Corporation of
Dublin.
Constitution of the
New Body.
Ballastage.
Tonnage.
Wherries, &c.
Quayage.
Pilotage.
Harbour of Dun-
leary and Dalkey.
Powers of Borrow-
Ing.
Debentures.
Accounting.
DUBLIN.
142 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Debt of the Corpo-
ration of Dublin
charged on the
Funds.
North and South
Quay Walls and
Lots.
North Lots.
Rates on the Acre
Lots.
Rafes on the Foot
Ilots.
Committee of Pro-
prietors.
harbour of Dublin, such sums of money as according to the rates thereby limited should
appear to be due and payable to them for actual pilotage, and also to direct payments to
seamen or others assisting ships in distress. All officers employed in execution of the Act
were prohibited from taking fees or gratuities, except such as should be directed for pilots;
and they were directed to give such security for the discharge of their duties as the
corporation should by any bye-law direct and appoint. , -
This Act further stated that the changing of the course of the river Dodder, so as to
prevent it from discharging itself into the river Liffey and harbour of Dublin, would tend in
a very great degree to the improvement of the harbour by removing the obstruction called the
bar of Dodder; and the ballast corporation was empowered to cut and open a course on
the north side of Ball's-bridge, 68 feet wide at the bottom, for the river Dodder to discharge
itself upon the south strand, southward of the south wall. Provision was also made for a
bridge over such cut or canal to connect Irishtown with Sandymount, and for supplying the
inhabitants of Ringsend and Irishtown with fresh water from the Dodder; and so much of
the sum of £3,000 vested by the 23, 24 Geo. III. c. 1, in trustees, as should remain
unapplied by them after the moorings of the harbour were completed, and the expense
thereof defrayed, was vested in the ballast corporation to be applied by them to the said
purpose. - . - -
A subsequent Act of the same session, 26 Geo. III. c. 32, s. 15, recited that doubts had
arisen whether the Corporation of Dublin, or their committee, were empowered to charge the
Funds with money borrowed by them for carrying on the ballast-office wall, and it enacted
that all just debts contracted by them for that purpose, and “ certified to have been applied
to such purposes,” should be a charge and lien upon the funds for improving the port,
harbour, and river of Dublin.
An Act of 1792, 32 Geo. III. c. 35, recited, that the state of the river was extremely
disadvantageous to the trade and commerce of the port, being choked up with mud and filth,
and that the Walls or Quays were in a dangerous and ruinous condition; and that it was
expedient that the care of the river and walls should be vested in the ballast corporation,
and that a fund should be raised for the purpose, and the parties interested in the works, or
having benefited by the execution of them, ought to contribute towards the fund; and that
the several persons owning or inhabiting houses on the north and south sides of the river
westward of Carlisle-bridge were obliged to maintain the walls fronting their houses at their
private expense, and ought therefore to contribute to the fund on being exonerated from that
liability, and that the proprietors of all the low grounds, on either side, were much interested
in the preservation of the walls, and ought to contribute.
It further recited, that the corporation of Dublin, being seised in fee of a considerable tract
of ground or strand on the north side of the river, had caused it to be surveyed, and by Act of
Assembly, on the 18th January, 1716, directed the strand to be set out and divided into two
classes of Lots, one by the acre, the other by the foot; and the same were afterwards drawn
by the then lord mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, and common-council, and the corporation, by deeds
of lease and release, in the year 1718, granted and conveyed the lots and parcels of ground
to the persons drawing the same ; that of the acre lots, 134 in number, 74 had been enclosed
from the sea, viz., from Nos. 1 to 23, 38 to 49, 50 to 59, 74 to 78, 103 to 111, 130 to
134; lot 77 being marked “city lot,” and reserved to the corporation; that the foot lots were
132 in number; and that the persons in possession of the lots so enclosed, and of the low
grounds on the south of the river, ought to pay towards the fund. -
This Act then vested the care, management, and superintendence of the whole of the river,
and the walls bounding it, and the building and repairing of the walls, from Carlisle-bridge
to Ballybough-bridge on the north, and from the west end of Crampton-quay to the Artichoke
road on the south, fully and exclusively in the ballast corporation.
The Act imposed on the above lots, except No. 77, called the city lot,
On each of the Acre Lots 1 to 23 ſº yearly sum, º #3 IO.S. { and 5 per cent., as
every 24th June, of fees, for collecting.
35 38 25 49 .5 5 3 0 55
55 50 , 59 -
5 5 74 , 78
55 103 , 111 55 2 10 3.5
5 5 130 , I34|
[as corrected in 40 Geo. III., c. 47, s. 22.]
On each of the Foot Lots 1 to 20 2.5 3 l () 5 X
3 > 21 , 40 .5.5 3 0 3.5
5 * 4] 55 56 w 55 - 2 10 55
55 57 35 96 55 2 O 25
5.5 97 3.5 122 55 2 10 .5 5
35 123 , 132 3.5 3 10
In case of non-payment within 21 days, the ballast corporation are empowered absolutely
to sell the lots in arrear, publicly, to the highest bidder, and to convey the interest to the pur-
chaser, paying the surplus of the purchase money, after deducting the arrears with interest
and costs, to the person entitled to the lot before the sale.
By a former Act, of the year 1727, 1 Geo. II. c. 26, it appears that the lots had been
originally granted by the corporation, subject to a rent of £10 a-year for 10 years for each
lot, to be paid as a public fund for enclosing and fencing-in the ground from the sea, and
£13,000 having been paid and laid out, and the work unfinished, it was enacted that the
Proprietors should meet four times a year (on every 1st April, 1st July, 1st October, and
1st January), and constitute 13 or more of themselves to be a committee to manage and
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. • 143
IDUBLIN.
carry on the work; a further rent of £10 yearly for seven years was imposed, and power
was given to sell the lots for arrears.
The Act of 32 Geo. III. repealed so much of that Act as gave to or vested in the
Committee of Proprietors, any power to manage, carry on, or repair the walls, quays, and
banks of the strand, and the flood-gates, sluices, and drains belonging thereto; saving, how-
ever, any powers vested in that committee, or any other person, for the purpose of draining,
preserving, or improving the lots. - !
And the better to enable the committee to drain, preserve, and improve the lots, the
ballast corporation were empowered to levy the Additional Rate of £10 per cent. upon the
yearly sums charged by this Act, payable and recoverable by sale in the same manner, and
to be paid to the committee for the above purposes. * -
The occupiers of ground, houses, and buildings fronting the quays, between the west, end
of Crampton-quay and Carlisle-bridge, and from Carlisle-bridge to the westward point of the
ground belonging to the Marine School, and thence to the eastward end of Sir John Rogerson’s-
quay, and thence to the bridge of Ringsend, were charged with rates of 1s. 6d. per foot, and 5
per cent on the sum payable as fees for collecting, payable every 24th June ; and a sum of
£40 a-year, with the like fees, &c., was charged on the ground fronting to and adjoining the
quay wall, between the bridge of Ringsend and the Artichoke road: these rates and fees, on
the premises at the south side, were made recoverable by civil bill before the recorder of the
city, or by distress and sale of goods found upon the respective grounds or houses.
All former obligations to keep the walls in repair were discharged, and all former taxes
and rates for the purpose were extinguished; and no person, save the ballast corporation,
was permitted to demand of any vessel arriving in the port or harbour any money by way of
portage or quayage, or on account of keeping the walls in repair.
In lieu of the Quayage Rates on ships arriving, granted by 26 Geo. III., the 32 Geo. III.
granted New Rates, in the nature of Tonnage, on every vessel arriving in the port or
harbour of Dublin, or harbour of Dunleary, together with certain duties on Timber, Planks,
Staves, Blocks of Marble, Stone, &c. -
It had been recited in the first section that the landing of such commodities had done con-
siderable damage to the walls, and that the owners would have great convenience from the
execution of the works, and ought to contribute towards them; but subsequent sections
(S. 57–62) made it penal to leave such goods, beyond a short and limited time, on the
quays.
This Act contained a direction (s. 21) that the corporation, out of the first moneys arising
from the said duties and taxes for the preservation of the walls, should pay into His
Majesty's Treasury such sum as should appear to have been laid out in stopping a breach in
the south wall, pursuant to an address of the House of Commons in that session; and, to
enable them to pay this sum, certain parts of the south lots, then in possession of Edward
Kent and Nicholas Le Favre, in which the breach happened, were charged, over and above all
other rates, an additional sum of 2s. per foot until the whole of the sum so laid out in
stopping the breach should be fully paid, either by the additional rate, or by one entire
payment.
It also enabled the corporation (s. 25), for carrying the purposes of the Act into execution,
to borrow, upon the credit of the rates, any sums they should think necessary, at interest, and
to issue debentures for the amount, as under the 26 Geo. III.
They were empowered to sell to the owners of the lots the rates chargeable on them, for
not less than 25 years' purchase; and to treat and agree with the corporation of Dublin with
respect to any payment, tax, rate, or duty, to be paid by them towards carrying on the works;
the Act also compelled the proprietors and tenants of the lots next adjoining the north and
south walls, respectively, to keep the inner wall of each quay in repair. º
The Act contained a variety of minor regulations, for preventing the exportation of street
dirt, coal ashes, paving stones, gravel, and rubbish, and for regulating the export of dung;
it required the pilots, upon obtaining their licences, to enter into security for keeping their
boats in order, &c.; it gave the ballast-master a Fee of 2s. 8%d. for registering the Licences
of rowing-boats, sailing-boats, and wherries plying for hire, at Dublin or Dunleary; and
empowered the ballast corporation to regulate the rates (except as to ferry-boats) for passage
within the port and harbour of Dublin, or within the harbour of Dunleary, and for freight of
goods: it also directed 3d. per ton to be paid to the ballast-master for heaving Ballast on
board vessels where the vessel has port-holes for receiving ballast, or is under 100 tons bur-
then ; in other cases 4d. per ton. The jurisdiction of trying offences against this Act was
vested in the members of the ballast board.
It was expressly enacted (s. 68,) that all sums of money arising, or to be levied, by force
or virtue of this Act, should be applied by the corporation towards the necessary expenses of
and in improving and cleansing, the port and harbour of Dublin and the harbour of Dunleary,
and to no other use or purpose whatsoever; and they were empowered (s. 70, &c.) to pur-
chase parts of the strands for the purpose of making and erecting docks, embankments, and
other works for the improvement of the port and harbour of Dublin, and the navigation
thereof. -
. The 33 Geo. III. c. 54, charged Kent and Le Favre's lots with 5 per cent, on the rate
for collection; and as to all the south lots, gave remedy for the several rates by civil bill, and
by distress and sale of goods found on the premises charged, and, in case of no sufficient
distress found, by sale of the premises themselves.
. The 34 Geo. III. c. 8, contained some provisions against the lighting of fires on board
ships in the Liffey. -
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Additional Rate for
Drainage.
South Quay, east-
ern Part.
NewTonnageRates,
Quayage Duties on
Timber, Stone, &c.
Powers of Borrow-
Ing.
Fees for registering
Licences.
For heaving Ballast.
T 2
DUBLIN.
144 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
New Rates of Bal-
lastage and Pilotage.
Rates on the Quays
West of Carlisle-
bridge, &c.
Additional Rate on
Kent and Le Favre's
Lot.
West Quay Walls
and Bridges.
New Rate on the
West Quays.
Grand Jury Pre-
sentments for the
West Quay Walls
and Bridges.
In the year 1800 several alterations having taken place in the nature and extent of the
trade and commerce carried on to and from the port of Dublin, it was considered expedient to
enact (40 Geo. III. c. 47,) New Rates of Ballastage and Pilotage.
If the master refused to take on board a licensed pilot offering his services, still, the first
(or only) pilot offering his services was made entitled to payment; if a seaman were taken on
board, on account of a licensed pilot not offering within the station, a licensed pilot afterwards
boarding was made entitled to only half the rates. .
Vessels leaving and compelled to return to the harbour, were charged, in addition, one-half
for the pilotage back; pilots taken to sea were allowed 5s. 5d. by the day for the time they
should be detained over 24 hours.
The ballast corporation were empowered to license persons to act as pilots for the before-
mentioned purposes, and also for mooring and unmooring vessels up and down the river, and ren-
dering service to vessels coming in and going out of the harbour, and to ascertain compensation
for such persons, and make bye-laws for ascertaining the qualification of pilots, obliging them
to take apprentices, and to make distributions of earnings among them, and other regulations.
This Act extended the provisions of 32 Geo. III., as to penalties for injuring quays, &c.,
to all injuries committed to the quays, &c., of the Liffey, the harbour of Dublin, and the
strands thereof, commencing on the north from Barrack-bridge, otherwise Bloody-bridge, to
and including the harbour of Sutton; and on the south, from the same bridge, to and includ-
ing the harbour of Dalkey.
It provided that timber, staves, stones, &c., should not be left on the quays longer than
48 hours.
This Act (s. 23) charged the owners of premises on the north of the river from Carlisle-
bridge to Customhouse-quay, fronting the river, with a rate of 1s. 6d. per foot in front, and
five per cent. for collecting; and (by s. 24), in case two-thirds of the inhabitants, &c., of
premises on the north side from Carlisle-bridge to Island-bridge, and on the south from
Crampton-quay to Island-bridge, should agree that this corporation should rebuild or
repair the quay walls, and ascertain the expense by the foot for each house, all were charged
proportionably. -
Another clause (s. 25) empowered a sale for non-payment of arrears, either of the whole,
or a competent part only, of the north or south lots; and lessees of portions of the south lots,
upon returning to the corporation the particulars of the demise made to them, were made
liable only to so much of the rate on the whole lot as their own parts were chargeable with.
An arrear of £968 being due on Kent and Le Favre's Lot, this sum was allowed to be
sunk or funded by an Additional Rate of 6d. per foot, with five per cent. for collecting.
An Act of the same session, 40 Geo. III. c. 73, repealed the additional rate of 2s. per foot
imposed by the 32 Geo. III. on a part of the south lots, on account of the stopping of the
breach in the south wall, and also the direction to pay the amount into the Treasury, save as
to the arrears due on or before the 24th June, 1799.
In 1803, the 43 Geo. III. (Loc. & Pers.) c. cxxviii, vested in this corporation the care,
management, and superintendence of the whole river and walls bounding it, and the rebuilding,
maintaining, and repairing thereof on both sides, from Carlisle-bridge on the north, and from
the west end of Crampton-quay on the south, to Barrack-bridge; and also empowered them
to build, rebuild, repair or improve any bridge or bridges, arch or arches, over the river
within those limits, for which presentments should be obtained from the grand juries of the
city of Dublin and county of Dublin, as therein mentioned.
For enabling the corporation to rebuild or repair the walls, the occupiers of grounds,
houses, and buildings fronting the river between Carlisle-bridge and Barrack-bridge (except
Crampton-quay and Aston's-quay, the walls of which had been already rebuilt,) were charged
to pay to this corporation for ever 2s. per foot by the year, (viz., by equal half-yearly payments
on every 1st August and 1st February,) with five per cent for collecting; this rate was (s.7)
exclusively appropriated to the rebuilding and repairing the walls, and to be applied to no
other use whatsoever; and to be raised and levied as the rate of ls. 6d. on Crampton-quay
and Aston's-quay. - - -
It was apprehended that this rate would not be sufficient to defray the expense of re-
building the walls, and for this purpose, and the building, repairing, and improving of the
bridges and arches, it was enacted (ss. 9, &c.) that whenever the ballast corporation should
lay before the Court of King's Bench, in any Easter or Michaelmas Term, an estimate of the
expense of rebuilding the Quay Walls, and of the amount of the rate of 2s. per foot, and other
funds applicable to the work, and the amount deficient in order to enable them to complete
the work in a reasonable time; or, whenever they should so lay before the Court a plan and
estimate for building or rebuilding a bridge or arch over the river within these limits, or an
estimate for repairing or improving such bridge or arch, verified by affidavit, the Court
should direct the grand juries of the city and of the county to meet in one room, and consider
the plans and estimates; and if those grand juries, or any 24 members thereof, approved of
them, such documents, with their approbation, should be deposited in the office of the clerk of
the Crown, until the next presenting Term; and then the grand juries were empowered, if they
approved thereof, to make presentments accordingly; and they were required to present the
whole amount of the estimate to be raised by equal half-yearly instalments, at every Easter
and Michaelmas Term, on all houses and other buildings within the district of the metropolis,
and to be paid by the owners or occupiers thereof, and for raising such instalments, to present
a rate of a certain sum in the pound, to be levied on the value of all such houses and
buildings, according to the valuation for the watch rate, but not to exceed the yearly sum of
ls. in the pound on such value, or 1s. 6d. for two or more such works at the same time.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 145
DUBLIN.
These assessments, it was directed, should be inserted in the warrants of the collectors of
grand jury cess to be collected and levied by them, like other money presented by juries;
provided, that in all their stages of applotment and collection, these half-yearly rates should
be kept separate and distinct from all other rates and presentments; the collectors were bound
on every Saturday to pay into the Bank of Ireland the amount collected by them under this
Act, on account of the ballast corporation, who were to allow to the treasurers of the city and
county 1s. in the pound on the sums paid in. -
The collectors were also bound to make returns of the persons in arrear for the rates, and
who had become insolvent; with respect to which the grand juries were empowered to act, as
with respect to arrears of any other money presented by them.
The grand jury of the city were empowered to the extent of £100 a Term, and the grand
jury of the county to the extent of £50 a Term, to present for their treasurer and secretaries,
for their trouble and expenses in preparing the lists, returns, presentments, and books
of collection under this Act.
The ballast corporation were empowered (s. 23) to draw on the Bank of Ireland, as the
money arising from these rates was paid in, for payment of the several persons to whom the
corporation became indebted on account of the said works. -
They were directed (s. 25,) for ever to keep a separate and particular Account of the monies
raised, levied, and received by them, by virtue of this Act, for the purpose of repairing and
rebuilding the said walls; and also a separate and particular account of all monies raised,
levied, and received by them, by virtue of this Act, for the purpose of repairing or building
any bridges.
As the river from Carlisle-bridge to Barrack-bridge would be effectually cleansed, and by
the building of the walls kept clean and deep, whereby the port and harbour of Dublin would
be benefited, the directors of Inland Navigation, under the 40 Geo. III. c. , were enabled to
grant to the extent of £15,000 for the improvement of the river by building the walls aforesaid.
It was also directed that none of the rates payable to this corporation by any former Act
should be applied to the purposes of this Act, but be wholly applied to the purposes for which
they were originally granted.
This Act further stated that several very necessary and salutary rules and regulations were,
by the laws then in force, obligatory on the master and commanders of Passage Boats between
Dublin and Great Britain, which were not made sufficiently public; and it directed the mas-
ters or commanders to keep constantly hung up in their cabins such extracts from the rules
as the corporation should furnish to them.
The Act, (s. 29), exonerated and discharged all persons theretofore bound to repair any
part of the walls within the said limits, from all obligations in respect thereof, except the
payment of the rates imposed by this Act.
The sales, which by former Acts were directed to be held at the Tholsel, were transferred to
the Royal Exchange, and three months’ motice of the sale was made sufficient.
The 51 Geo. III. c. 66, granted to the ballast corporation (S. 4), certain Additional Rates
for delivering Ballast within the port of Dublin, or the creeks or harbours belonging thereto,
or within their jurisdiction; and (s. 5) an Additional Tommage on vessels arriving in the
harbour of Dublin, to be collected (as directed by the 52 Geo. III. c. 115, s. 7), as their
other duties, and applied towards the increased expense of raising and procuring ballast, and
to the improvement of the port and harbour of Dublin.
The 51 Geo. III. further enacted (s. 10), that the care, management, and superintendence
of the whole of the river Amma Liffey, and of the quays and walls bounding it, on both sides
of the river, and also of the harbour of Dublin, and of the strands thereof, and of the bays,
creeks, and harbours within the harbour of Dublin, on the north side of the said river, strand,
harbour, and bay, from Barrack-bridge extending to and including the harbour of Sutton;
and on the south side, river, strand, harbour, and bay, from the same bridge extending to and
including the harbour of Dalkey, and the quays and walls called the North, South, and East
walls, and all the bridges then over the river, or thereafter to be erected over it, within those
limits; and the building and repairing of the said walls, and the care and superintendence of
the bridges, should be vested in the ballast corporation; preserving, however (S. 11) the
power of the grand juries to appoint overseers of works for the bridges, under presentments
relating to them.
By this Act, s. 12, the corporation were enabled to take up and borrow, upon the credit of
all or any of the taxes, payments, rates, duties, and revenues, in the 26 Geo. III., 32 Geo. III.,
33 Geo. III., and 40 Geo. III., and this Act contained, with the consent of the Lord Lieu-
tenant, and the Commissioners of the Treasury, any sums of money they should think neces-
sary, at interest, not exceeding 5 per cent. per annum, and for that purpose to issue debentures
of £100, under their common seal, and in form to be directed by their bye-laws; which
debentures, with the interest thereof, and the sinking fund applicable to the reduction thereof,
as by this Act directed, should be actual charges and liens on the said rates, &c., or so much
of them as should be specified in such debentures. Provided, that the money so to be bor-
rowed at any time after the passing of this Act should not exceed in the whole the sum of
3650,000.
The directions for creating the Sinking Fund were as follows:—s. 13, that a yearly sum
equal to the amount of £1 for every £100 of all sums so thereafter to be borrowed should,
from the 24th June 1811, be taken by the corporation from the produce of the rates, &c.,
and be laid out by four equal quarterly sums, on the 29th September, 25th December, 25th
March, and 24th June, or within 30 days after, in the name of the corporation, in the purchase
of 3% per cent. annuities, transferable to the Bank of Ireland, (or such other stock in the
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Separate Accounts
for the West Quay
Walls, and for the
Bridges.
Advances from In-
land Navigation
Board.
Regulation of Pas-
sage Boats.
Additional Ballast-
age. * -
Additional Tommage.
Extent of the Har-
bour Jurisdiction.
Powers of Borrow-
ing.
The Amount re-
stricted to £50,000.
Sinking Fund.
DUBLIN.
146 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Power to borrow
# 10,000 for new
Bridge,
to be repaid by
Grand Jury Pre-
sentments.
Repair of Bridges.
Sales of North and
South Lots regu-
lated.
Enactments respect.
ing Howth Harbour.
Enactments respect-
ing Dunleary or
Kingstown Asylum
Harbour.
public funds as they should think fit); that all dividends which should accrue on such stock,
and from the accumulation thereof, should half-yearly, or as soon as payable, be laid out in
the purchase of stock as aforesaid; and so, from time to time, until the stock purchased should
be worth, to be sold, ºf 100; and that then the stock should be sold, and the money applied
in purchasing such debenture at or under par; and that the debenture so purchased should
be immediately cancelled; and that so, from time to time, a yearly sum equal to £1 for every
f 100 borrowed by and due from the corporation under this Act, should continue to be
invested, and accumulated, and be applied until the whole of all sums borrowed, and to be
borrowed by the corporation, under this Act, should be fully paid off and discharged.
This Act further directed, that no person, being a member of the corporation, should be
elected to any office, place, or employment under it; and that no person holding an office,
place, or employment under it should be elected a member, so long as he held such office.
Also, to simplify the accounts, the Commissioners of the Treasury were empowered to direct
the Commissioners of Imprest Accounts to strike out certain sums which remained in charge
against the corporation for insupers, or charges formerly disallowed, and certain sums
appearing to be debts due to the corporation, but which, from the mature of them, could not
be recovered. - .
The 52 Geo. III. (Loc. & Pers) cap, liii, empowered the grand juries for the city and
county to change the site of a bridge over the river, which had originally been laid out
opposite to the Four Courts, to a point opposite Charles-street or Mass-lane, and enabled the
ballast corporation to borrow money for building the bridge, not exceeding £10,000, at a
rate not exceeding legal interest; and to issue debentures in such manner and form as they
should think proper; and it was enacted, that the money so borrowed should be levied upon
the presentments made for building the bridge by the grand juries, who were required to pre-
sent such further surns of money as should be necessary to pay the interest upon the sums
borrowed, until the principal should be paid by the presentments.
The grand juries were also to present the sum of £1,061 18s. 8d. expended by the bal-
last corporation in repairing Essex-bridge.
This Act proceeded (S. 4) to empower the ballast corporation to prevent and remove all
obstructions, encroachments, and nuisances, on the quays, walls, and bridges of the river
within their care, and to distrain and sell so much thereof, by public cant, as should be
necessary to pay the expenses of removal; also, to expend from time to time, in temporary
necessary Repairs of the Bridges over the river, any sums of money, not exceeding £200 in
a year, out of the funds applicable to rebuilding and repairing the walls of the river
westward of Carlisle-bridge.
The provisions of the 32 Geo. III., 33 Geo. III., and 40 Geo. III. for the sales of the North
and South Lots were amended (s. 5.), and the corporation were authorized, under their
common seal, to convey, in fee simple, the lots, or such competent or convenient parts
thereof, as should be sold for the purposes of those Acts, and to vest the fee simple in the pur-
chaser ; and it was provided, that on the sales, the costs and expenses of dividing and enclos-
ing such part of the lots, together with the expenses of sale, and of delivering possession to
the purchasers, should be deducted out of the produce of the sale; and that if, at the time
appointed for sale, there should not be sufficient bidders, or the corporation should think proper,
they might adjourn the sale; that the sales should be holden at the Royal Exchange, or at
the Commercial Buildings; that notices of the sales should be posted at both those places, and
not at the “Tholsel;” that such notices should be posted three calendar months, and inserted
three times in the “Dublin Gazette” one calendar month at least previous to sale; and posted 21
days, and inserted twice in the Gazette 14 days before; and that the receipt for the purchase-
money in, or endorsed upon the deed of conveyance, should be a discharge to the purchaser,
and that he should hold free from all former incumbrances. And (by s. 12) upon sales, in
case the persons in possession should refuse or decline to give the possession, the corporation
were empowered to issue precepts to the sheriffs, or coroners, commanding them to deliver the
possession to the persons nominated in the precepts to receive it; and those officers are required
to deliver up the possession accordingly, and to levy the costs incurred by the issuing and
executing of the precept, by distress or sale of the goods of the persons refusing or declining
to give possession.
The Act contains also special provisions (ss. 6—11) for the application of money to be paid
for the purchase of lands, tenements, or hereditaments purchased, taken, or used by virtue of
the recited Acts, or this Act, for the purposes thereof, by paying the amount, in certain cases,
into the Court of Chancery, &c.
169. A series of Acts, 45 Geo. III. c. 113, 50 Geo. III. c. 72, 58 Geo. III. c. 61, 4 Geo. IV.
c. 74, (and see the 6 Geo. IV. c. 100, 7 Geo. IV. c. 76, 7, 8 Geo. IV. c. 35, 9 Geo. IV.
c. 75, 11 Geo. IV., I Will. IV. c. 67) have been made for the improving the harbour on
the north side of the Hill of Howth, under the management of boards of commissioners;
by one of which (50 Geo. III. s. 23) the works of Howth Harbour were ultimately to vest in
the corporation for improving the harbour of Dublin; but that clause was afterwards repealed
(4 Geo. IV. s. 19). The power of “self-election” exists in supplying vacancies in the board
of commissioners in whom the works are now vested, (who are commissioners, also, for the
harbour at Holyhead, and for the roads from London to Holyhead, and from Howth to
Dublin); a defect which appears to require legislative correction.
170. Another series of Acts, 55 Geo. III. c. 191, 56 Geo. III. c. 62, 1 Geo. IV. c. 26,
1 Geo.IV. c. 69., were made for appointing Commissioners for erecting an Asylum Harbour for
ships, eastward of Dunleary, within the port and harbour of Dublin, and which is now known
by the name of the Royal Harbour of Kingstown. The works of this harbour were, by the
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 147
DUBLIN.
56 Geo. III. s. 6, vested in special commissioners, to be appointed for the purposes of that
MUNICIPAL
R].GULATIONS.
Act, only until the harbour and works should be fully completed by them; and from the time Harbour Commis-
when they should deem the erection, completion, and improvement of the harbour and other somers.
works completed, testified by their representation to that effect to the Lord Lieutenant, the
harbour, and all roads, piers, quays, works, and other erections and buildings, and the ground
and soil on which they should be erected, are declared thenceforth vested in the corporation
for preserving and improving the harbour and port of Dublin; and the powers by that Act vested
in the commissioners are declared to be thenceforth vested in that corporation, who shall
thenceforth, out of the funds vested in them for improving and preserving the port of Dublin,
maintain the said harbour and works, &c., becoming vested in them, in like manner as they
do the other works within the port and harbour of Dublin.
This Act imposed a schedule of port Duties (which was in part repealed as affecting the
coasting trade, by the 1 Geo. IV. c. 26, s. 7) on the Tommage of vessels, and by way of slip-
page, city dues, and anchorage, and upon entries, invoices, outvoices, bills of views, bills of
health, bonds, certificates, affidavits of registry, licences to navigate, debenture and drawback
papers, and permits, over and above all other duties; to be collected by the collectors of the
port, who were directed to keep a separate and distinct account thereof, under the head of
“Duties applicable to Dunleary Harbour,” and to be paid into the Exchequer. The Lord
Lieutenant was empowered to order to the commissioners an Advance out of the consolidated
fund of Ireland, not exceeding £100,000, net, to be repaid with interest at the rate of five
per cent. per annum, out of the rates imposed on ships and vessels entering the harbour; and
also to make such further advances, from time to time, towards the completion of the harbour, as
the amount of the duties thereby imposed for its support would be sufficient to defray the
interest of, at the rate of £5 per cent, per annum, and a sinking fund of £1 per cent. per annum
upon the whole amount of the sums so advanced. -
A separate account was ordered to be kept in the Exchequer on account of these duties;
and it was enacted, that so much of the money as should be sufficient to pay the interest and
sinking fund upon the sums advanced, should, on the 5th January, in every year, be carried
to the consolidated fund of Ireland; and that the excess also should be carried to the same
fund, in discharge of the principal sums advanced, and of the interest and sinking fund; and
when the whole of the principal sums and interest are discharged, all the duties shall cease,
and no longer be leviable under this Act.
The 1 Geo. IV. c. 69, to provide for the erection of a western pier, charged the duties paid
into the Exchequer to the use of the ballast corporation, under the Light-house Act, 52 Geo.
III. c. 115 (the provisions of which will be presently stated), with a sum of £4,000 annually
for the purposes of the 56 Geo. III. c. 62, to arise upon the contingency hereinafter mentioned;
and it enabled the Lord Lieutenant to advance to the commissioners, out of the consolidated
fund, any sums not exceeding £60,000, Irish currency, net. The charge of £4,000 a-year,
and the duties under the 56 Geo. III., were formed into an aggregate fund, of which a sepa-
rate account should be kept in the Exchequer, in lieu of the former account; like directions
were given for carrying interest and sinking fund, and excess, to the consolidated fund, in
discharge of advances; and it was enacted, that when the whole amount of the advances shall
be repaid, the £4,000 per annum shall revert to the ballast corporation of Dublin, “ and
shall thereafter be applied by the said corporation,” under the directions of the Lord Lieu.
tenant, “in the progressive improvement of the harbours and navigation of Ireland.” The 8th
section provided, that whenever any dues or rates should be imposed on vessels frequenting or
using the said harbour (of Dunleary), as well the said sum of £60,000, to be advanced out of
the consolidated fund, as any sums paid out of the funds or dues of the Dublin ballast cor-
poration, should be charged upon and made payable out of the said dues or rates, previously
to all other charges thereupon, excepting the necessary expenses of maintaining the harbour.
The Lord Lieutenant was empowered (s. 6) to appoint a Harbour Master for Dunleary,
with such salary out of the consolidated fund as he should deem fitting, and with power to regu-
late the mooring, &c., of vessels in or within 500 yards of the entrance of the harbour.
Other regulations were made, and the commissioners were empowered (s.13) to appoint
Constables or peace-officers within the Harbour, as well afloat as on shore, and upon all
the piers and works, for enforcing the rules relating to the harbour, or vessels or persons
resorting thereto (except when under quarantime or belonging to the customs or excise), and
for the preservation of harbour, pier, and works, and the preservation of the peace.
This Act (s. 14) enacted that the ballast corporation might support the harbour of Dum-
leary out of the “light-house duties” arising and coming into their hands after the harbour
should be transferred to them.
171. A recent Act,4, 5 Will. IV. (Loc. & Pers.) cap. x.c., states that the town of Kingstown,
formerly called Dumleary, had greatly increased of late years, and was still rapidly advancing
in size and population, and that the Paving and Lighting Act, 9 Geo. IV. c. 82, had been
brought into operation there, but its provisions were ineffectual for several objects necessary
for the regulation and improvement of the town; and it repealed that Act as to the town of
Kingstown, and made new provisions for the regulation thereof. The 19th section exempts
from the local rate the lands vested in the commissioners under the 56 Geo. IV. c. 62, or
any other Acts, as long as they remain in their use or possession, unless with the previous
consent of the commissioners in writing. The 48th and 72d sections also contain some pro-
visions relating to the commissioners and the harbour, which, in this Act, is called the
“ Royal Harbour of Kingstown.” © g
172. A Railway connecting the head of the western pier of the harbour of Kingstown with the
city of Dublin has been constructed under an Act of the 1, 2 Will. IV. (Loc. & Pers) c. lxix.,
Works to west in
Dublin Ballast Cor-
poration.
Tonnage and other
Duties applicable to
that Harbour.
Advance of
£100,000.
Advance of £60,000.
Charge of £4,000 a
year on Light-house
Duties.
Harbour Master.
Harbour Consta-
bles.
Kingstown Act.
Railway.
DUBLIN.
148 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Steam Packet Com-
pany.
Light-houses.
Former Powers of
the Commissioners
of Barracks.
Of the Commission-
ers of Revenue.
Of the Commission-
ers of Customs and
Excise.
Of the Dublin Bal-
last Corporation.
Their present Pow-
ers as to Light-
houses, &c.
Tonnage and other
Duties.
Communication
with the Corpora ,
tion of Trinity
House.
which the Company have been, by the 3, 4 Will. IV. (Loc. & Pers.) c. xxvii., empowered to
extend. -
173. A Steam Packet Company has been established in the city under the 9 Geo. IV. (Loc.
& Pers.) c. lxvi., and 3, 4 Will. IV. (Loc. & Pers.) c. cxv.
174. We have now to state the provisions of a series of Acts, by, which a branch of the
public service of the most extensive and important description, the affairs of the Light-houses
along the Irish coast, have been placed under the control of the corporation for preserving
and improving the port and harbour of Dublin.
In 1717, an Act was passed, 4 Geo. I. c. 7, for the purpose of vesting imalienably in the
Crown the lands on which light-houses should be built; see also the 21 Geo. II. c. 9, 29
Geo. II. c. 8, s. 4, and 36 Geo. III. c. 22. In 1763, the 3 Geo. III. c. 6, empowered the
Commissioners of Barracks to execute the powers contained in the former Act for purchasing
lands on which light-houses might be built. Some provisions for particular light-houses
were made by the 23, 24 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 31, 27 Geo. III. c. 31, s. 17, 31 Geo. III. c. 16,
s. 162, 32 Geo. III. c. 17, s. 85, 33 Geo. III. c. 4, s. 36, and c. 37, ss. 2–5, 34 Geo. III.
c. 5, s. 44, and 35 Geo. III. c. 41, S. 4. - - t
The 36 Geo. III. c. 18, passed in 1796, recited the want of a light off the coast of Wexford,
which was full of shoals, and that there was not a single light round the north and
western coasts, from the Copeland islands off the county of Down, to Loop Head at the mouth
of the river Shammon. It provided, that the Commissioners of the Revenue might erect a
light-house on the shoals off the coast of Wexford, another on the coast of Mayo, and another
on the coast of Galway. A temporary tonnage duty on shipping was imposed for the
purpose.
Some further grants were made by the 37 Geo. III. c. 4. s. 19, and c. 30, s. 181, 40 Geo.
III. c. 43, ss. 172, 173. -
The 46 Geo. III. c. 106, ss. 75, 76, enabled the Commissioners of Customs and the Com-
missioners of Excise to take lands for light-houses, for the use of His Majesty.
In 1810, the powers contained in the former Acts, and others amending and continuing
them, and the receipt and management of all light-house duties and funds in Ireland, were
transferred by the 50 Geo. III. c. 95, to the Dublim Ballast Corporation, with several enact-
ments for regulation of them. The 51 Geo. III. c. 66 (already mentioned), by ss, 1, 2, and 3,
imposed certain rates on ships passing any light-houses on the coast of Ireland, or the floating
light on the Kish Bank on the south of Dublin Bay, and also on entries of vessels inwards
and outwards, and entries, cockets, or warrants for shipping goods; these provisions of the 51
Geo. III. and the 50 Geo. III. were repealed by the 52 Geo. III. c. 115.
This Act of the 52 Geo. III. for defraying the expense of purchasing ground for, and
building new Light-houses, and for repairing and fitting up light-houses, light-ships, floating
lights, beacons, and sea-marks round the coasts of Ireland, imposed new Tommage Duties upon
vessels passing such light-houses or floating lights, and duties on entering inwards and out-
wards, to be paid to the collectors, &c. of customs, in the several ports of the United Kingdom,
into which any ship, passing any such light-house or floating light, should next arrive; and
by them to be paid into the Exchequer for the use of the ballast corporation, and when
issued by the Commissioners of the Treasury to them (the ballast corporation) to be applied to
erect, establish, maintain, and repair light-houses, light-ships, floating lights, beacons, and
sea-marks, on or near the coasts of Ireland.
The authorities in the former Acts, from the 4 Geo. 1, to the 46 Geo. III., were again, by
this Act, wested in the ballast corporation ; and the receipt and management of all duties
and funds for light-houses continued to them.
It was enacted that it should be lawful for them to repair and maintain all light-houses,
beacons, light-ships, and floating lights, marks, and signs for the sea, in any place on, round,
or near the coasts of Ireland; and, with the consent of the Lord Lieutenant and Commissioners
of the Treasury, to build, repair, and maintain mew light-houses, and to alter the lights in ex-
isting light-houses, and make, erect, and set up so many other light-houses, light-ships, floating
lights, beacons, marks, and signs for the sea in such places of the sea-shore, uplands near the
sea-coasts, forelands of the sea, or elsewhere, for sea-marks, as they should deem requisite,
whereby dangers might be avoided, and ships the better come into their ports without peril.
Whenever they should think it expedient to erect new light-houses, beacons, or sea-marks,
or to alter any existing light-house, &c., they were directed to communicate in writing their
intentions to the corporation of Trinity House, the proposed situation, with the reasons for
the selection, and the nature of the light proposed to be used, and its construction, and the
situation of beacons, &c.; and to furnish all information the corporation of Trinity House
might require. In case that corporation should make suggestions for any alterations or
improvements, of which the Dublin ballast corporation should approve, but subject to the
powers of the Lord Lieutenant and Commissioners of the Treasury, those suggestions should
become binding and conclusive, and be carried into execution. In case the corporation
of Trinity House shall not, within six calendar months after communication made to them,
make suggestions, the , Dublin ballast corporation may consider their communications as
acquiesced in, and (with such consent aforesaid) proceed in the new works, according to the
plan so communicated. Whenever the corporation of Trinity House shall make any sug-
gestion, either as to new or as to existing, or transmit any complaint as to the insufficiency of
any lights, beacons, or marks for the sea, the Dublin ballast corporation shall transmit copies
of such suggestion or complaint to the Lord Lieutenant and the Commissioners of the Treasury,
who may give such directions with respect thereto as to them shall seem expedient; , and the
Dublin ballast corporation shall in all things obey the orders and directions so given, and
proceed therein accordingly.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 149.
The powers of the body under the 26 Geo. III. c. 19, and the Acts amending it, for DUBLIN.
purchasing lands, and the provisions of those Acts requiring them to account to the com-
missioners of accounts, were made applicable to the purposes of this Act. Rºß
The 1 Geo. IV. c. 26, repealed so much of the 52 Geo. III. c. 115, as imposed duties on Al EGUL º:
entries inwards or outwards, or on entries, cockets, or warrants, so far as they applied to *
vessels entering coastways, or goods from one port to another in Ireland. Duties. •
The 1 Geo. IV. c. 69 stated, that after the works authorized by the 52 Geo. III. c. 115 Charge of 4,000l. a.
should be completed there would be a considerable surplus of duties under that Act, over year on the fight
and above what might be necessary for lighting and keeping in repair the several light-houses, Duties.
light-ships, floating lights, beacons and sea-marks; and it therefore made the appropriation
out of those duties of the sum of £4,000 a-year, already mentioned, in aid of the works at
Dunleary harbour; but it was provided, (s. 7,) that the payment of this sum should not
commence until it should appear by the annual report of the commissioners of public
accounts in Ireland that an actual surplus, amounting to £4,000, over and above what
would be sufficient to complete and finish all works begun, or determined to be begun, by
the said commissioners under the authority of the said recited Act, actually existed in the
Exchequer out of the produce of the said duties, and also over and above a sufficient annual
sum for the maintaining of all light-houses, and other works, executed by the corporation
under the authority of the said Act, and such sum as the said commissioners of public
accounts should, upon estimate upon oath, judge expedient or necessary to be reserved for
repairs, casualties, and contingent expenses; and further, (s. 8,) that such sum of £4,000
should not be paid to the credit of the consolidated fund for any year in which it should not
appear by the annual report of the commissioners that such surplus actually existed at the
Exchequer. -
The harbour and river of Dublin are connected with two lines of inland navigation commu- Canals.
nicating, by their main trunks, one on the north and the other on the south, with the river
Shannon, and, by off-branches, with various parts of the country. The canal north of the Royal Canal.
river, called the Royal Canal, was constituted under the 29 Geo. III. c. 33, 30 Geo. III.
c. 20, 32 Geo. III. c. 26, 38 Geo. III. c. 54, and c. 79, 43 Geo. III. (Loc. & Pers.)
cap. xxii., 53 Geo. III. c. 101, 55 Geo. III. c. 182; 58 Geo. III. c. 35.
The canal on the south side, called the Grand Canal, was constituted under the 11, 12 Grand Canal.
Geo. III. c. 31, 29 Geo. III. c. 39, 31 Geo. III. c. 42, 35 Geo. III. c. 44, 53 Geo. III.
c. 143.
This latter navigation includes extensive Docks adjacent to the harbour, the entrance lying Docks.
near the point where the river Dodder empties itself into the Liffey through its ancient
channel. The Grand Canal company have charges for Dockage upon vessels making use Grand Canal
of their Docks, regulated by 31 Geo. III. c. 42. On the northern side of the river, and Docks and Dockage.
adjacent to the Custom House, there are public Docks and warehouses belonging to the port, Custom House
and erected out of the revenue of customs, the charges in which are regulated by the statute Docks and Dockage.
5 Geo. IV. c. 92. R - -
The above being the charters and statutes under which the river, port, and harbour of Corporate Claims
Dublin, and the works connected with them, have from time to time been regulated, and by to Harbour Dues.
which the import and export trade of the city have been affected, we now proceed to state the
actual working of the system in operation as it appeared to us in evidence.
And, first, as to the direct interference of the corporation of Dublin.
We have already incidentally noticed the emoluments, in the nature of port dues, claimed
by the various corporate officers, those of the lord mayor in respect of slippage and anchorage
(p. 22), and in respect of coal vessels, and oysters (p. 23), those of the sheriffs in respect of
slippage and anchorage (p. 29), and of the recorder on the same account (p. 31), and the
several fees claimed now (as well as formerly) by the water bailiffs (p. 39), and the claims of
the coal-meters appointed by the guild of merchants (p. 52, 54).
These corporate claims may be reduced to the following distinct heads:—
. Anchorage.
. Chapter and Guild, called also Chapman Gild.
. Slippage.
. The lord mayor's fees.
The water bailiff's fees.
. The guild of merchants' fees.
1. Anchorage. This is a sum of 3s. 4d. late Irish currency, or 3s. 1d. present currency, Anchorage.
taken from every vessel coming into the harbour. This demand, according to the statement
of the corporate officers to us, is founded upon the right of the corporation to the bed and soil
of the river, and the consideration for it is stated to be the privilege of fixing an anchor
therein.
2. Chapter and Guild. This is a fee of 1s. 73d., late Irish currency, or 1s. 6d. present cur- Chapter and Guild.
rency, also taken from all vessels coming into the harbour. It is payable, not like anchorage,
for every time the ship enters the harbour, but once in the year only. The meaning of the
term and the origin of the claim are not now known among the members of the corporation;
nor is there any service alleged as a consideration for it. It is claimed altogether as a pre-
scriptive right.”
i
..." A payment, called “Chapman Gill” (and so, aetimes “Chaplain Gill”), appears to have been
collected at Carrickfergus, being a fee of 18, annually collected by the sheriffs from each vessel trading
to the port, for the purpose of burying mariners or others who might be cast on shore within the
district. The corporation of that town had a grant of the customs of murage, panage, quayage,
and lastage, of all ships and boats entering the port, &c., in as ample manner and form *:the city of
150 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
DUBLIN.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Slippage.
3. Slippage. This is a sum of 1s. 0d., late Irish currency, or 11d. present currency, taken
from every vessel coming into the harbour. It is claimed upon every voyage, like the an-
chorage. The right to this toll is said by the corporate officers to be founded upon the pro-
erty which the corporation had in certain “slips,” or landing-places, on the bank of the river
p g-p 2
to which vessels formerly came up to discharge, and which were repaired by the cor-
poration.
The banks of the river having been now entirely enclosed by quays built at the public
expense, out of assessments raised under the Acts already noticed, that consideration for the
charge appears to have failed.
The right of the corporation to take these tolls was some years ago disputed, and a suit was
instituted at the instance of the Chamber of Commerce in Dublin to try the right. It termi-
nated in favour of the corporation, establishing their title to the above first three of
these dues.*
Dublin, or any other city or town in Ireland, had or used to have. (See Report on Carrickfergus,
p. 771.) The term seems properly to be “chapman gild,” i. e. toll on merchants or traders; the
Saxon words “ceap,” wares, and “gild,” payment (see Spelman's Glossary, p. 30), are probably those
from which it is derived.
* The Mayor, &c. of Dublin, v. Thomas, tried at bar in the Court of King's Bench, in Michaelmas
Term, 1827, before a special jury of the county of Wicklow.
It was an action of indebitatus assumpsit, to recover the sum of 3s. 4d. for anchorage, &c. &c. &c.
The plaintiffs gave in evidence their charters, already noticed ; a translation of the words “media-
tatem aque” by the words “half of the river,” was objected to ; and it was contended for the
defendant, that these grants could not convey the property in the soil of the harbour.
Burton, J., however, said, there was authority to show that “ aqua,” or “water,” in an ancient
charter, accompanied by possession, would carry the property in the soil.
Several leases of ground at Ringsend, of parts of the strands and islands in the harbour, &c. were
put in, and the recital of the Statute (32 Geo. III. c. 35.) of the seisin of the corporation in the North
Lots was relied on. A witness (Prendergast) who was produced on the part of the plaintiffs, was
objected to as incompetent, being a member of the guild of merchants, and it was objected to the ,
deeds, &c., that no receipt of rent out of the demised premises had been shown. Evidence was given
of the receipt of the tolls on the part of the corporation for many years. As to these points,
The Court said, at the utmost the witness is only entitled to seek to be admitted a member of the
corporation of Dublin. He cannot become a member as of right, as has already been held in this
Court upon a motion for a mandamus (Rea, v. Mayor, &c. of Dublin, Balty's Reports, p. 628). This
guild is a distinct corporation; the witness, therefore, is competent. The Act of Parliament ascertains
the ownership of the soil beyond a doubt, and there is no occasion to show payment of rent under
the leases.
Presentments of Hilary and Michaelmas, 1686, against the corporation and their master of the
works (the outgoing sheriff) for mot repairing the slips, were given in evidence, and received, subject
to objection. *
The plaintiffs also gave certain “perambulations” in evidence, which were objected to, as not
affording any evidence of property.
Among other documents a witness produced the copy of a record from the Tower of London. He
stated, he had gone to the Tower, and to an office in it over which “Record Office” was inscribed ; he
inquired for a particular roll, and was told the one he afterwards copied was the one he sought for ;
on the back of the roll, which was in contracted Latin, was written, “Rot. Patent. :” the person who
showed him the office said he was the proper officer; the witness had never seen him before, but
found him in possession of the office, and, on his demand, paid him his fee of 16s. 8d., &c.
The defendant objected to this evidence as insufficient to let in the evidence of a copy;-the
original ought to be produced ; the witness neither knew that the document he copied was the original
roll, nor that the person with whom he found it was the proper officer.—Adamthwaite v. Synge,
4 Campbell’s Reports, p. 372.
Bushe, C. J. said, that in the case of an action on an English judgment against Lord Donegal, tried -
before him, the evidence certainly went farther ; it was the evidence of a solicitor, who said he had
done business in the office upon other occasions, and knew the office well: however, the Court would
admit the evidence, in the present case, subject to objection.
The defendant produced a witness (Tomlinson) to show that for the last five years these tolls had
not been demanded of vessels arriving in the harbour; he stated he was interested in and a part
owner of vessels trading to Dublin.
The plaintiffs objected to him as incompetent, being himself interested in the result of the suit.
The Court considered, that this being an action for the fees, the verdict in this cause would be
evidence in an action against the witness for a like demand, and they rejected him as incompetent.
The defendant relied on the Ballast Office Acts (above stated), particularly the 26 Geo. III. c. 19 and
51 Geo. 3. c. 66, as divesting any rights the corporation might have had ; and on the absence of evidence
of any grant of such tolls, and the total failure of all service or consideration for the tolls in question.
The plaintiffs contended that the grant of “rationabiles gildas” was in itself sufficient to entitle
them to port dues, as “gild” meant duties, and was not here to be interpreted in its other meaning
of “fraternity,” &c.—Termes de la Ley, 395. Chapman gild fell within the very word of the charter.
Anchorage arose properly from, or in respect of, the property of the soil, and was evidence of it, and
might grow due in respect of the franchise of the port, Hale de Jure Maris, 74; and here they had
given evidence of a title both to the soil and the franchise of the port. As matter of history, their
prescriptive right was recognised in 2 Rolle’s Abridgment, 265, Prescription (E) 5, where it is said,
“It is a good prescription for the corporation of Dublin, that they are owners of the port, and that
f
they maintain perches in the said river, and direct ships in the deep channel, and that they maintain
the key and crane ; and that, in consideration of this, they prescribe to receive of all merchandizes in the
said port 3d. of the pound; for here is quid pro quo, M. 6, Ja. Scaccario, resolved.”—17 Vimer, 264.
But it has since been held that it is not necessary, in the case of port duties, to show that the corpo-
ration are owners of the soil, or that they repair the port; the making a port is itself a consideration,
and it is enough to show a prescriptive title, time out of mind, to such dues,—Mayor of Yarmouth V.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. - I51
These three harbour tolls are brought into the corporation funds under the general name of
“slippage and anchorage,” and are applied exclusively for the private advantage of particular
officers in the manner already noticed by us whilst stating the emoluments of the lord mayor,
sheriffs, and recorder, and which shall be again noticed in the portion of this report which
treats of the corporate property and revenues.
There are two remarkable enactments seeming to contain a recognition of these dues, which
do not appear to have been referred to on the trial of the right; viz. the 56 Geo. III. c. 62,
s. 28, and sched, and 1 Geo. IV. c. 26, s. 7, relative to the duties “applicable to Dunleary
harbour”, granted, amongst other things, upon vessels entering the port and harbour of
Dublin “for anchorage, slippage, and city dues.”
4 and 5. The Lord Mayor's and Water Bailiffs’ Fees. These are of two descriptions, and
are limited to oyster vessels and coal vessels entering the harbour.
The claim upon the Wessels laden with Oysters is said to grow out of an old custom that the
lord mayor and water bailiffs (and some suppose the sheriffs also) should each receive a
certain quantum, or number of oysters, from each cargo imported; the lord mayor, it is said,
in order to ascertain that the oysters are good and wholesome for his fellow-citizens, and the
Eaton, 3 Burr. 1406, 1407. The corporation may have the right, either as owners of the soil of the port,
or of the franchise of the port, or by grant and charter; the King, indeed, is, primâ facie, the
owner and lord of every public sea-port, but a subject may, by charter or prescription, be a lord or
owner of it, Hale, p. 72. The evidence here all goes to warrant the presumption of a prescriptive
title to the corporation; Chad v. Tilsed, 2 Brod. & B, 409, Hillary v. Waller, 12 Wes. 252, Rea, v.
Joliffe, 2 Barn. & C. 54. The Statutes regulating the Ballast Office, &c., 6 Ann. c. 20, 10 Geo. I.
c. 3, 3 Geo. III. c. 15, 26 Geo. III. c. 19, 51 Geo. III. c. 66, have not the effect contended for of
abrogating the rights of the corporation; on the contrary, they are confirmatory of their ownership of
the port. -
Bushe, C. J. (in summing up to the jury) said, It is admitted that the ship in question here is of
a description liable to these demands of the corporation of Dublin, if they be legal. We are of opinion,
upon the charters, that this corporation had an existence before the time of memory, and a capacity of
taking a grant of such port duties as these of chapter and guild, slippage, and anchorage; and we
are also of opinion that the existence of such a grant may upon the evidence be presumed by the jury.
If the jury are of opinion that there has been a uniform usage, a certain demand made on the one
part and acquiesced in on the other for a great length of time, this, in the absence of other proof, is
the strongest possible evidence of the legality of the demand. In addition to this there are other
facts which go to support it, if, in point of fact, the jury are satisfied with the evidence; on the other
hand, it is said there are facts which go to rebut the claims. First, as to anchorage, that is a duty
arising, properly, from the owner of the port allowing to the merchant or trader a liberty of casting
anchor there. If, therefore, either the King granted the port to the corporation, or granted to them
the right of anchorage, a legal foundation for the claim is undoubtedly laid. As to the grant of the
port, the perambulations given in evidence will probably be considered as perambulations of boundaries
of the same nature as are referred to in the charter of John, so early as the reign of Henry II. The
lease of 1582, executed in the reign of Elizabeth, is consistent with this view of the case. The
evidence as to the receipt of this duty, called anchorage, extends from 1762 to 1822, a period of 60
years; and from the uniformity of the fact, and the satisfactory nature of the proof, the jury are
clearly at liberty to presume that it had a legal origin. From 1762 to 1779 only does it appear not
to have been received separately, but to have been “lumped” with other claims. Secondly, as to the
fee called chapter and guild,—this turns upon the same grounds as the claim for anchorage; the origin
of it is undoubtedly obscure, and it requires ingenuity to suggest an explanation as to its probable
inception; it makes, however, no difference. which of the suggestions may be considered correct, if it
be, either, a duty granted by the Crown before time of memory, or a part of the composition originally
imposed for the usage of the port; and as to the obscurity of the term given to it, it is a just obser-
vation that that very obscurity is evidence of its antiquity. The acquiescence in this payment is
denied, and it is said that it must be shown, to prove acquiescence, that the party making the demand
has made it specifically, and that the other party has specifically acquiesced in that particular demand.
That principle is well founded, but it is to be inquired whether its application to this case can be
sustained ? Chapter and guild is payable only once a year, although the vessel may return to the
port 20 times within the year. It is said that it appears the collector (Hamerton) once increased the
fee, and that the foundation of uniform usage is taken away. But he (Hamerton) may have been
wrong; the question for the jury is, whether the sum of 3s. 4d. was the sum uniformly demanded by
the corporation of Dublin for anchorage as such, and uniformly paid to them for anchorage as such,
and whether ls. 7%d. was the sum uniformly demanded by the corporation for chapter and guild as
such, and uniformly paid to them for chapter and guild as such ; as to this there is no question from
1782 to 1822, a period of 40 years; and if the jury believe this evidence they will be at liberty to
presume a legal origin to this demand, in like manner as to the other port duty of anchorage. Thirdly,
the remaining consideration respects the claim for slippage, which is distinguishable in some respects
from the others. In its nature it is a demand from the owner of the banks of a river (not in right of
the port or its franchise, but of the banks), for the liberty of landing goods on the banks of the
owner, with the assistance of slips provided on the banks by the owner. In addition to the general
evidence given in support of the port duties, the plaintiffs have relied on grants from the Crown
to them of the banks of the river by name, and on evidence of enjoyment by them of those
banks; they have proved their property in premises, both at the north and the south side of the
river Liffey, and leases made by the corporation to different persons of grounds upon the banks,
and rents still received under them. Another branch of their proofs consists in the present-
ments made against their officers for not repairing these very slips. Then, what evidence has been
given of the receipt of the slippage by the corporation? They have proved leases of the slip-
page of Wood quay and Merchants' quay from 1765 to 1779, at £3 per annum, in the name
of perquisites of slippage; after that, Hamerton appears in the receipt from 1783 to 1823, and he
says his predecessor received these dues before him. An objection, however, in point of law, has
been made to this case of slippage; namely, that in 1786 the Ballast Board (under 26 Geo. III, c. 19)
took the slips into their care, out of the hands of the corporation, and that thereby an ë", was put to
DUBLIN.
MUNTorpaº.T
REGULATIONS.
Lord Mayor's and
Water Bailiffs'
Dues.
On Oyster Boats.
I52 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
sº
DUBLIN.
water bailiffs, as providing “planks;”—persons having also full liberty to come up to the quay
and land there, for all which, it is said, they gave these fees to the officers of the corporation.
The “certain number” given to the lord mayor appears to be not accurately settled, being
variously stated at 400, 500, and 600. It is not taken with reference to the amount of the
cargo, but so many out of each boat, without reference to the number carried, or the capacity
of the bóats. The number taken by the water bailiffs seems likewise unascertained. They
are stated to be the persons who ought to collect these dues, and usually, it is said, the boatmen
brought their basket of oysters to the mansion-house without the interference of the lord
mayor. In some years the claim has not been attended to by the mayors, but instances have
occurred in which it was threatened, that if the contributions of the oysters were not made, the
boats (usually anchored above Carlisle bridge) would be drifted down below the bridge.
Another mode of compulsion, stated to have been adopted against this class of traders, was, the
summoning them before the lord mayor under the Statutes inflicting a penalty for having fires
on board vessels in the river, and having the penalties inflicted and enforced. The advantages
derived to the corporate officers appear to be of very trivial amount, while the tax, said to
amount to a sum of £8 a year, is imposed upon a class of poor men but ill able to bear it.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
the dues which the corporation of Dublin claimed in respect of them. The opinion of the Court is,
that that is an unfounded objection; that the operation of that Statute was merely to take away
the superintendence over the quays and slips which the corporation had theretofore used, but that it
did not take away any antecedent right of the corporation, if they had it, to the slippage.
Jebb. J.-I concur in the observations made by my Lord Chief Justice, and I think it unnecessary
to dwell much upon any part of the case. One topic, however, I think deserves peculiar notice, I
mean the doctrine of presumption; it is a doctrine which in my mind in cases of this kind, and under
circumstances such as appear here in evidence, ought to have a very favourable reception from a jury.
It is a doctrine upon which, in many instances, titles entirely rest. If this were the case of an estate
in lands, this long enjoyment would be a complete bar to any adverse claim ; it would not be a ques-
tion of presumption to be left to a jury, but they would be bound by the evidence, because by the
statute law a possession of 60 years gives a complete title; but for demands like those which are
involved in this suit it is otherwise; the party who makes the claim is bound to satisfy a jury, that
there was, before the time of legal memory, in the time of Richard I., a grant from the Crown sufficient
to warrant it. Courts of law, in order to put such claims on a proper foundation, have acted in some
degree in analogy to the laws which protect landed property, and where they find evidence of enjoy-
ment for such a length of time, as, in the case of landed property, would bar an adverse claim, they
are in the habit of telling, not perhaps of directing, a jury, but of telling them, that such enjoyment is a
strong foundation for their presuming a title which would account for the long enjoyment. The
principles on which both, the Statutes of Limitation, and the doctrine of presumption, rest, are the same:
the ground of the presumption is, that it is not to be supposed, that the exercise of a right for a great
many years could have continued, unless that right had a legal commencement. The policy is like-
wise the same, namely, that it would be most mischievous that individuals could be deprived of their
property, if in the course of time they should happen to lose or be deprived of their title deeds. The
present case affords a strong illustration of the wisdom and justice of the doctrine of presumption;
because, it appears, the most important of their charters (that of Henry II.) is not in the possession of
the corporation, nor elsewhere to be found save in a recital of a charter of John, which, itself, is not in
the possession of the city. So, a charter of Edward I. appears not to be in their possession.
Burton, J.—It is not necessary for me to make many observations. I concur in the directions in
point of law given by my Lord Chief Justice, and in the observations he has made upon the evidence.
It is not probable I shall be able to give any material assistance to the jury; but I think I may, in
the compass of a few observations, suggest what, in my apprehension, they are bound to give attention
to. There has been a vast deal of discussion (very naturally gone into) employed in attempting to
satisfy the jury, that the corporation of the city of Dublin have been, time immemorial, owners of
the port, or that they are not only owners of the port, but, in addition, owners of the soil and bed of
the river; and on these grounds the jury have been called upon to find in their favour upon the claim
of anchorage, and two others, chapter and guild, and slippage. As to anchorage, if the corporation of
Dublin have been, time immemorial, owners of the port, or of the bed of the river, their claim must,
undoubtedly, if otherwise well founded, appear strong; but on the one hand, even though the corpo-
ration were not the owners of the port, nor the owners of the bed of the river, yet they may have been
entitled to this duty of anchorage from time immemorial, because the port and the bed of the river
originally belonged to the Crown, and the Crown may have granted the duty of anchorage to them ;
on the other hand, although they were the owners of the port and the proprietors of its soil, they
might not, necessarily, have been the owners of anchorage; they would have no right by reason of
such property in the port or the soil to establish a general tax: their property in the soil would enable
them to sustain actions of trespass against those who fixed anchors in their soil without their licence,
but they could not impose a tax. Thus, them, in either view of the case, the jury are bound to
consider whether the corporation have or have not been, from time immemorial, entitled to anchorage
in the port of Dublin. There is strong evidence of ownership, and it is difficult on any supposition,
but that of their ownership, to account for much of the evidence; but if it were only proved that they
were owners of the port, and there were no evidence of their right to anchorage, the jury would not
be warranted in finding its existence. There is evidence that for many years this demand has been
taken ; the jury must believe, 1st, that that evidence is true; 2dly, that the receipt was a continua-
tion, and not a commencement of the duty in question, and that it has existed (as they may infer)
from time immemorial. As to chapter and guild, it is a remarkable claim, and one that, in my
apprehension, deserves peculiar consideration, for if it be not a fabricated, and be an ancient claim,
it can only be valid as a port duty, or, at least, as a duty granted to the corporation in respect of
their interest in the port. There are strong circumstances to show that it is not a fabricated claim ;
for if it be alleged that it commenced in 1762, nothing can be more extraordinary than that it was
then invented: the term is an ancient one, a term long since lost except where preserved by local
usage; it has been traced in our books with but little success; probably it might be traced farther;
for instance, inquiries at Bristol (from which this corporation seems to have been modelled) might
tend to elucidate the subject; it is not a charge made in respect of tonnage, nor is it made for every /
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 153
The claims upon Coal Vessels are, to the lord mayor, a sum of 2s. 6d. of the late Irish cur-
rency, or 2s. 3%d. of present currency, and to the water bailiffs a sum of 6s. of the late Irish
currency, or 5s. 6; d. of present currency, upon all coal vessels entering the harbour.
These charges are stated by the officers of the corporation to be in consideration of tubs,
and scales . weights, furnished to the masters of such vessels for the purpose of measuring
Or wº the coals, which the water bailiffs claim an exclusive right to supply, and of the
general jurisdiction over vessels in the river exercised by the lord mayor.
The custom has long been for the corporation to appoint some officer of the customs to
receive these several pecuniary dues, a practice arising from the facility afforded of receiving
them at the custom-house when the vessels enter. The water bailiffs have an office at which
the captains of coal vessels, when they enter the harbour, are to apply for the authorized
ship which passes the bar, but for a ship passing the bar, and then having liberty to come to the port,
free of this claim, any number of times in the year; its name is remarkable, and bears the stamp of
antiquity. This duty the jury must also believe to have been received immemorially. The only
remaining duty now in question is that of slippage, and there are circumstances in the case, with
respect to it, which deserve a distinct consideration. Naturally, the mind would ascribe to it this
origin,-that, if the corporation did construct slips, they took this duty as a compensation from the
vessels which made use of them. If that were the nature of the payment, the claim must fail, for the
duty would go with the slips, and would be payable only to those to whom they were transferred,
and who prepared them for the service to which they had first been appropriated. But the claim here
is that every ship, subject to some qualification, not belonging to the point in question, is to pay this
slippage; and the consideration is, that, before time of memory, some expenditure was necessary and
was made by the corporation for the convenience of merchants resorting to the port; no one, now,
can tell what that was, but it must have been before time of memory, for the claim of slippage cannot
be valid unless enjoyed from time immemorial. There is one thing more which appears to me an
extraordinary circumstance in this case, and that is the Ballast Office code. It appears, in my concep-
tion, that that code tends to support strongly a part of the plaintiffs’ case; for it shows, clearly, that
the corporation of Dublin had antecedent rights in the port. They were the persons who applied for
this code ; they complained to the Legislature that they had not the means of making the harbour suf-
ficiently commodious. The corporation may have been blamed ; but it does not follow that the cor-
poration, by reason of their prescriptive rights, in defiance of winds and tempests, and every other
accident and fatality,+were bound to make the harbour as commodious in all respects as it possibly
could be made. They were not bound to that extent. They had a right to apply to the Legisla-
ture; and therefore nothing in that circumstance strikes me as operating to disprove the existence of the
right to the port dues in the corporation. The extraordinary thing is this, that when such large duties
were laid on the subject, it was not thought right to make the new duties the only duties to be paid;
and that the schedules of duties from time to time imposed in this code were not substituted for all
other claims. This was not dome, nor is it contended that the pre-existing dues of the corporation
were replaced by the mew duties, but it is argued that these acts show that such dues never existed.
But the 10 Geo. III. contains an express saving of the rights of the corporation, and the subsequent
Acts do not repeal the 10 Geo. III. at all.” Perhaps the corporation at that time gave away some-
thing, as well as got something, and, in this way, the Legislature may have been satisfied, that they
provided sufficiently for making the river more commodious than before, and that they might still
leave to the corporation the enjoyment of these dues.
Vandeleur, J.-I entirely concur in the directions of my Lord Chief Justice; and I will add nothing
to the observations already made except upon the one point on which the defendant’s counsel rested so
much, I mean the view taken of the Ballast Office Acts from the Statute of Anne to the Act of 1811,
insisting upon a construction in point of law, and inference in point of fact from them. On the best
consideration I have been able to give to these Acts, I have come to the conclusion that there is
nothing in their policy or in their principle inconsistent with the present claims of the corporation of
Dublin, but that they rather confirm them; for they do take notice of the rights of private individuals,
and provide that they shall not any longer levy quayage, after the repairs of the quays are transferred
to the Ballast Board.
On the part of the Defendant the following objections were taken at the conclusion of the case:–
I. That the lease of 1582 (to N. Ball) ought not to have been received in evidence.
2. That Tomlinson had been improperly rejected as incompetent. *
3. That in point of law, the Ballast Office Acts by their operation taken together, put an end to all
and every of the claims.
4. That as to slippage, the jury were misdirected, it having been treated by the Court as a claim of
a port duty, whereas if it had any legal existence it was not as a port duty, but, upon the evidence, in
the mature of toll-thorough, or as quayage; and that if taken as toll-thorough, the right ceased when
the consideration ceased ; and as quayage, it was expressly taken away and extinguished by the Act
26 Geo. III. c. 19.
5. That as to anchorage, also, the jury had been misdirected, having been informed that it might
exist without ownership in the port, and that the Crown might have imposed anchorage as a tax;
whereas, in point of law, neither the Crown, nor the subject by grant of the Crown, could have imposed
a tax for anchorage without the consideration of casting anchor: and all the King’s subjects having the
right of entering all ports and sailing up and down, and anchorage being a duty payable for the pri-
vilege of using the bed and soil of the river for the purpose of casting anchor, unless the jury believed
that this was the consideration for the payment they could not find in favour of it.
Verdict for the Plaintiffs.
Goold, Serjt., Bennett, Scriven, Arthur Hamilton, and Abbott, for the Plaintiffs.
Joy, A. G., Blackburne, Serjt., Wallace, Perrin, Holmes, O'Connell, and Foot, for the Defendant.
* There is not any Act of the 10 Geo. III. The 10 Geo. I. c. 3, does not contain any saving of the rights of the corpo-
ration of Dublin. The 3 Geo. III. c. 15, s. 17, contained a proviso, that any right then legally vested in them should
not be taken away or lessened; but this Act was repealed by the 26 Geo. III. c. 19, s, 1 ; and, by s. 33, no person (save
the Ballast corporation or their officers) shall demand or receive any sum of money whatever for quayage, or for or on
pretence of keeping the walls of the quays in repair, or of permitting any ship or vessel to be fastened to the said walls, or
any of them, or of permitting any goods to be (anded from any such ship or vessed on the said quays, or any part thereof.
DUBLIN.
MunicipAL
REGULATIONS,
On Coal Vessels.
f54 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
DuBLIN.
T. MUNICIPAL.
REGULATIONS.
Observations.
Guild of Merchants’
Fees, -
scales and weights, &c.; but the fees are exacted whether they do or do not in fact
apply there.
About the year 1824, the payment of these dues was resisted, and the right of the cor-
poration to take them was disputed. The corporation summoned the persons refusing to
pay to the court of Conscience, and, there, decrees were given against the captains of the vessels.
for the amount of the dues claimed. The Chamber of Commerce undertook to try the right
for the captains of the vessels, and employed counsel to attend the court of Conscience;
but the president refused to hear him on the question, declaring, that he considered it “a
court of equity and a court of justice, not a court of law.” . An application was then made to
the court of King's Bench for a prohibition to restrain the president of the court of Con-
science (that being a court of the corporation itself) from entertaining such suits. Upon the
discussion of the order requiring the president to show cause why the prohibition should not
issue, the court of King's Bench put the parties under terms to select a case, and try the
right of the corporation to the dues claimed. A case having accordingly been selected, it
was tried before a jury of the county of Dublin, and their yerdict was against the corporation.
But that verdict was set aside by the court of King's Bench, who conceived, that, as the case
was one of great magnitude, it deserved a second investigation; and they granted a trial at
bar, before a jury of the county of Wicklow, which, as already mentioned, terminated in 1827 .
in favour of the corporation, as regarded their rights to the dues called anchorage, chapter
and guild, and slippage. The declaration in that case contained, besides the first count, which
was for anchorage and slippage, and the third count, which was for chapter and guild,
a second count for the lord mayor's and water-bailiffs' fees; but it was discovered, at
the trial, that the vessel upon which the case had been selected was not a coal vessel, but a
common merchant vessel, and the defendant in the action obtained a verdict on that count.
This was for some time considered as a defeat of the corporation claims as to the lord-
mayor's and water-bailiffs' fees. The collection of all the corporate dues had been discon-
tinued for about four years (1824 to 1827), and although the collection of the slippage and
anchorage, and chapter and guild, was resumed upon the verdict obtained upon the trial at
bar, a period of two years more elapsed before it was attempted again to levy the lord-mayor's
and water-bailiffs' fees.
The corporation then addressed a petition to the Lords of the Treasury, stating that they
had a prescriptive right to these dues, and requesting permission for their receiver to receive
them at the custom-house; and they were, thereupon, authorized to have their office for
the purpose at the custom-house. -
The corporation having thus again appointed a receiver of their dues at the custom-house as
before, a petition, it is stated, was presented to the Lords of the Treasury, complaining that
they were receiving more than the verdict they had obtained warranted. The corporation
answered, that they obtained a verdict for all the fees or dues claimed upon merchant vessels,
but that there were other dues claimed on coal vessels, which did not and could not then come
before the court, inasmuch as nothing was at issue but the dues payable on merchant vessels,
but that the dues claimed on coal vessels rested on the same grounds as the other dues.
The exaction of these dues, and the mode of collecting them, are subjects of dissatisfaction
with persons connected with the shipping interest of the port. Several other imposts are
represented as having been formerly enforced, such as, upon vessels carrying slates and rock
salt, 4s. 4d. ; upon British vessels carrying general cargoes, 3s. 4d. ; upon herring boats of
the larger class, 2s. 2d.; of the smaller class, having only one mast, 8d. ; potato boats, it is,
also stated, were charged: those branches of trade which the legislature most anxiously
relieved from the imposts they provided, seem to have been those principally selected as the
subjects of the corporate exactions. The corporation always appointed officers of the customs,
or persons immediately connected with the collectors of the port, to receive them, and allowed
them a large per centage upon the collection; and it was by the evidence of those persons
they contrived to establish at the trial their rights to the three items upon which the verdict
was given in their favour. All these exactions have been completely abandoned, except
those upon oyster boats, and coal vessels; the great expense of litigating questions of this
kind has deterred parties from entering into further contest with the corporation; but their
rights are not conceded, and, as they were forced upon the trial to rest their claim
to the slippage, &c., not upon any ground of service performed or consideration given
for the tax, but as a general prescriptive port duty, it is conceived that the claim of the
corporation to other dues, chargeable merely upon particular classes of vessels, and in respect
of services which the traders are disposed rather to repudiate than to avail themselves of,
must be extremely questionable. At all events, the right still remains without the sanction
of any verdict in its favour. -
The amount of these dues levied, and the application of them among the officers of the
corporation, will be stated in the portion of this report which treats of the corporate reve-
nues. It is enough here to state, that no part of the amount is laid out upon any useful work
for the improvement of the port and harbour.
6th. The Guild of Merchants' Fees. These fees affected the coal trade only, and were,
for many years at least, levied under colour of metage or measuring. These, like the other
similar claims of the corporation, have been the subject of litigation. The guild of merchants
appointed persons called “master measuring porters,” or “coal-meters,” who claimed a right
to a fee of 6d. of the late Irish currency, or 53d. of present currency, upon discharge of every
ton of coal imported into the city of Dublin, whether for immediate sale, storage, or private con-
sumption, as for metage. They demanded these fees of the masters of the vessels discharging,
and were in the habit of levying them, when refused, by the process of the court of Conscience.
In 1826 this course of proceeding was resisted, and a case was brought before the court of
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 155
King's Bench (Cairnes v. Whelan, Batty's Reports, p. 647, Hudson and Brooke's Reports,
vol. i. p. 552) upon a motion for a prohibition to restrain the president of the court of Con-
science from making a decree. -
On the part of the master of the vessel it was stated, that the amount of these fees had been
varied and increased, from time to time, from 1d. to 2d., 3d, 4d., and 6d. per ton; that in
former times a pretext for the claim was afforded to the coal-meters, in their trouble and
service in superintending the “measuring” of coals in proper and legally-stamped vessels (see
6 Geo. I. c. 2, I Geo. II. c. 21, 33 Geo.III. c. 40), as a fee from the purchaser of coals; but
since the Act for uniformity of weights and measures, (5 Geo. IV. c.74), the selling of coals
by “weight” had been almost entirely substituted for the mode of selling by measure, and the
office of coal-meter had become unnecessary. -
On the part of the coal-meter it was stated by the clerk of the guild of merchants, that,
during his recollection, for forty years, the guild had uniformly had and exercised the right
of appointing persons from time to time, who were sworn as coal-meters and master measuring,
porters, to deal fairly and honestly between buyers and sellers of coals, corn, salt, pork, and
other measurable commodities, as well by sea as by land, within the city of Dublin and the
liberties thereto adjoining, and to fix and vary the wages for such coal-meters, according to
the circumstances of the times; that those rights of the guild had not been questioned until
within a few years; that on search among the ancient records of the guild, the right to appoint
such coal-meters, and fix their wages, appeared to have been exercised by them in the year
1441, when wages were fixed for them, far exceeding, as he believed, the present rate of
wages; that these records showed the rights to have been continued from time to time, and
that Queen Elizabeth, by her charter dated the 14th of October, 19 Eliz., granted by autho-
rity of parliament, confirmed to the guild, for ever, this right and privilege among other their
ancient rights and privileges; that it appeared by many subsequent entries of bye-laws and
orders of the guild, that they continued to use and exercise those privileges of making appoint-
ments of master measuring porters, increasing their number and fixing their wages, and of
increasing such wages in a manner suitable to the circumstances of the times, and to the
depreciation in the value of money; that in 1677 the wages were 2d. per ton, but there was
no entry at so low a rate as 1.d.; that 2d. per ton appeared to have been the wages until
January 1794, when the guild appointed 15 additional porters in consequence of the increase
of coal shipping, and at the same time their wages were necessarily increased to 3d. per ton;
that in April 1798 they were raised to 4d, and in July 1802 to 6d. per ton, the object of
the increase being to render the coal-meters more respectable and independent in the discharge
of an important public duty. The Act of the 33 Geo. III. c. 40, was relied on as sanctioning
the usage, which enacted (s. 8.) that “the master measuring porters,” superintending the
admeasurement of coals on board, should strike the measuring vessel in a particular mode,
and should make good deficiencies, so that the purchasers of coals should have homest measure ;
imposing a penalty for obstructing them in the discharge of their duty. It was also insisted,
that the attendance of the officer was as necessary, and the fee for his attendance as legitimate
for superintending the sale of coals by weight, as by measure; that certain duties of customs
having been imposed upon coals, culm, and cinders, it was provided by the 6 Geo. IV. c.
107, s. 111, that the commissioners of customs should appoint coal-meters in the service of
the customs, for every port, to “measure or weigh” all coals, &c.; and to this was added a
proviso that the enactment should not “extend to repeal, or in any way alter or affect, any right
of appointment of any meters, possessed under any law or charter by any corporate body,”
which went not only to recognise the corporate right of the guild, but also showed the right to
mete coals by weight as well as by measure.
The court, upon the argument, intimated their desire that the legality of the fees in dispute
should be tried in an action; and an action was brought in the name of the coal-meter against
the master of the vessel, but judgment was obtained in it as in case of a monsuit. The court then
decided upon the original application for a prohibition on grounds already mentioned in this
report (pp. 52, 54), holding, that—as it appeared that the coal-meter, in measuring the cargo,
made a rest whenever he had earned about 30s, by his superintendence of the measurement,
and demanded payment of that sum, and then sued separately for each sum so demanded in
the court of Conscience, which had a jurisdiction to the extent of 40s. only,–this was a
“ splitting” of the cause of action, and a prohibition should issue; it also appeared that al.
though the legality of the fee had been contested, the court below had not in any manner tried
the question, and on this ground, also, it was held that a prohibition lay.
Notwithstanding these proceedings the levy of the coal-metage was continued. In 1832,
the several Acts of the parliament of Ireland imposing restrictions upon the coal trade were
repealed by the 2 Will. IV. c. 21. This Act provided, that on a conspicuous place
of every vessel in which coals should be publicly offered for sale in any port, harbour, or river
in Ireland, there should be affixed a label describing the denomination of such coals, the place
whence brought, and the price at which they were offered for sale; imposing, for any omission
or false statement, a penalty of £5, to be given to the houses of industry in Dublin or Cork,
or to the county infirmary or hospital elsewhere; and it was enacted, that for the purposes of
this Act any offence committed in violation thereof in any harbour, port, or river, or within
five miles thereof, should be considered as committed within any county, county of a city,
or county of a town, containing or contiguous to such harbour, port, or river. 0.
This Statute further enacted (s.3), that nothing therein should affect any power or authority
by law then vested in any corporate or other body, or any person or persons; and (s. 4), that no
porter, carman, meter, or weighmaster, however licensed or appointed, should, under any
pretext whatever, interfere in or meddle with the sale, measurement, weighing, delivery, or
DUBLIN,
MUNICIPAL.,
EEGULATIONS.
Abolition of the
exclusive Privileges
claimed by the
Coal-meters.
156 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
DUBLIN. storage of coals, save upon request, and by desire, of the buyer or seller thereof ; nor sue for,
MUNICIPAL demand, or take, any fee, payment, or reward whatsoever, under pretext of being so licensed
Rºßs, or appointed, save when so employed by the buyer or seller; and that it should be lawful to
employ, and pay by agreement, any other persons for weighing, measuring, loading or car-
riage of coals, any law, statute, or usage notwithstanding ; provided, however, that this should
not be held to bar the claim of any meter or weighmaster to compensation by reason of the loss
of any fee or reward he was entitled to before the passing of this Act. -
A subsequent Act of the same session, 2, 3 Will. IV., c. 90, authorized the Commissioners
of the Treasury to grant Compensation to the inspectors and coal-meters of the city of
Dublin, and to impose a rate upon coals imported into the port of Dublin to provide a fund
for such compensation.
The annual payments authorized by this Act were:—
Compensation
allowed to them.
The Annual Sum of
To the principal inspector * - wº sº iſ - £112 15 0
, the inspector and book-keeper º º sº sº 236 8 O
,, each meter, in receipt of full emoluments:—
16 at - - &º gº tºº sº * * * 51 12 O
24 at - - - º º tºº wº º 43 0 O
18 at - s sº º tº º º º 21 10 0
,, each meter appointed to be put on full, upon death or
removal of others sº º sº gº gº dº 12 0 ()
,, each superannuated meter - * jº sº tº 38 0 0
If any person entitled to such compensation, appointed to any office under His Majesty's
Government, shall procure any income or sum of money, it shall be lawful for the Commis-
sioners of the Treasury to deduct such sums from the compensation; and they may require
from the meters returns of their fees as derived from the metage of coals, and revise and
alter, but not increase the compensation.
Coal Tax to form To provide a Fund for the Compensation, a duty of 4d. per ton was imposed upon all
gºmation coals, not the produce of Ireland, imported into the port of Dublin, and expressed in the
Ulſl Ol,
certificate required by 6 Geo. IV. c. 107, to be delivered by the fitter, coal owner, or his
agent, to the collector or comptroller at the port of shipment, (see s. 120; of that Act, and
6 Geo. IV. c. 101, schedule (E); but coals for the use of glass, sugar, and salt manufacturers,
distillers, brewers, calico printers, iron, brass, and metal founders, paper, woollen, linen,
cotton, stuff, and hat manufacturers, dyers, chemical workers, and other manufacturers
requiring coals for the use of their manufactures, solely, were exempted. The duty is made
applicable to no purpose whatever, save the payment of the compensation; and the Commis-
sioners of the Treasury are required from time to time to reduce the sum to such less sum as
may be required for paying the compensation; and as soon as the several persons to whom
the compensation is granted shall die, or eease to be entitled to receive it, the duty is no longer
to be payable or collected.
Port Duties of the We now proceed to those matters connected with the harbour in which the interference of
Ballast Board. the corporation of Dublin is only indirect or partial, viz., through the corporation for preserving
and improving the port and harbour, commonly called the Ballast Board, in which they have
six representatives, viz., the lord mayor, the sheriffs, and three of the aldermen.
Ballastage. 1st. Ballastage.—The following are the rates imposed for ballast delivered or put out
- within the harbour of Dublin, or any creek or harbour thereto belonging :—

40 Geo. III., 51 Geo. III. Total
...??, si," e.g. s. 13" | late fish dº.
and Sched. A. | additional. Currency.
For ballast delivered to vessels belonging to d d d
Great Britain or Ireland, or the British planta- S. Cº. S. (1. 8, Cl. 8. d.
tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . per ton 1 6 0 2 1 8 1 6%
For ballast delivered to foreign vessels ... do.. 2 0 () 6 2 6 2 3;
For heaving ballast on board, such sum as the
corporation can reasonably procure the same
to be done for, not exceeding per ton 0 6 gºsº 0 6 0 5%
[This charge, we are informed, is 3d. per ton.]
For ballast put out of any vessel belonging to
Great Britain or Ireland, or the British plan-
tations . . . . . . . . . . tº e º v e º e e s e e & . . . per ton 0 8 tºº 0 8 0
For ballast put out of any foreign vessel. . do.. 0 10 gºsº 0 10 0
t
7
9
Mode of collecting. The ballastage is payable when application is made for the ballast at the office of the
ballast-master, by whose clerk it is received, and returned to him daily.
The usual course in levying the charges payable to the Ballast Board is this, the master
of the vessel states that he wants to clear out; reference is made to an invoice-book, kept in the
office, to ascertain whence he came; the tonnage is ascertained from the register, if the
vessel be British, from a measurement of the Ballast Office, if foreign. A clearance is then
made out containing the amount of the several charges for ballast, pilotage, tonnage, and
quayage. This note is checked and entered by the clerk of the check, and, if an order for
ballast be contained, it is included in a return made by him of the vessels and amount of
ballast required, which he transmits to the supervisor of ballast lighters, to whom that return
is the authority to give the ballast.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 157
DUBLIN.
2d. Pilotage.—The rates for pilotage are charged by the 40 Geo. III. c. 47, s. 2, and R#&s.
schedule B, upon the following vessels bound to receive and take on board a pilot, duly Pilot
licenced as such by the ballast corporation; viz., all vessels coming to or going from the Ilotage.
harbour of Dublin, not in ballast, above 50 tons burthen, except vessels laden with coals
tråding coastways, fish in bulk, or potatoes, and also, such vessels under 50 tons burthen, or
in ballast, as shall require and take a pilot on board. The charges are made by the foot, for
every foot of water the vessel shall then draw, and so on in proportion for half a foot of water
in all cases, but without allowances for odd inches over or under half a foot; viz.
INWARDs.
. . g Late Irish Present
Foreign Vessels. Currency. Currency.
- - --- -- --- -- - s. d. S. d.
Coming over the bar, from without The Banks - - per foot 6 0 5 6%
3 5 Jy from within The Banks - - - 5 y 4 0 3 84
». 5.5 from within The Heads - - 2 3 3 0 2 94
From Poolbeg to the quays (in all the above cases) - 3 y | 6 1 4%
British or Irish Ships (eacept laden as above).
Coming over the bar, from without The Banks - - per foot 3 0 . 2 94
5 J yy from within The Banks - - - J } 2 0 I 10+
95 r 5 y from within The PHeads - - - 3 2 I 0 . 0 || 1
From Poolbeg to the quays (in all these cases) - - ,, 1 0 . 0 1 1
If laden with Coals, not coming from any part of Ireland, and on all Coasting Vessels.
Coming over the bar, from without The Banks - - per foot 2 0 1 10}
3 > •2 from within The Banks - - - 9.5 I 0 . O II
2, 5 y from within The Heads - - 2 3 1 0 , 0 1 1
From Poolbeg to the quays (in these cases) - - - 3 y 0 6 0 5%
OUTwARDs.
Foreign Vessels, laden with Merchandize.
From the quays to Poolbeg * “º , º - sº per foot I 6 1 4%
From Poolbeg over the bar * sº * > tº JJ I 6 I 4}
Foreign Vessels, in Ballast.
From the quays to Poolbeg • - dº *º per foot 1 0 . 0 11
From Poolbeg over the bar º gºe wº dº 2, I 0 0 1 1
British or Irish Vessels.
From the quays to Poolbeg tº * * tºº sº per foot 1 0 . 0 11
From Poolbeg over the bar * - sº tºº tº , 1 0 0 1 1
3d. Tonnage.—The following rates are charged for every voyage upon the tonnage of all Tonnage.
vessels coming into the harbour; the tonnage to be computed by outward gauging of the
vessels, which the ballast master and other officers appointed for the purpose are empowered
to make.

By the Bw the Total
26 ºn, s1&ºiſ, iºn d.
c. 19, s. 29. | c. 56, s. 5. Currency. º
- s. d. 8. d. s, d. 8. d.
Foreign vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . per ton 1 0 0 6 I 6 I 4}
Vessels belonging to His Majesty's subjects, ex-
cept vessels entirely laden with coals, and
coasting vessels from any part of Ireland, per ton 0 6 O 3 O 9 0 8+
Vessels from Great Britain laden with coals, - tº * +
and coasters from any part of Ireland. . per ton 0 4 0 2 O 6 0 5}
The master of a vessel, inward bound, who is directed by the Act to take on board a pilot,
and who shall refuse to employ a pilot duly licensed and offering his service, is bound to pay
the rates. If a vessel shall have taken on board a fisherman or seaman, within the station for
pilots to cruise, on account of a licensed pilot not having appeared within the station, a pilot
afterwards boarding is entitled to receive but at the rate of one-half. If the pilots, through
distress of weather, are unable to board, and shall lead the vessel into safety, they are entitled
to such rewards as the ballast corporation shall think fit, according to the nature of the
service rendered. A vessel, having taken a pilot on board, compelled to return to the har-
bour, and brought in by the pilot who took charge of such vessel out, is obliged to pay, for
such pilotage back, one-half the sums appointed for piloting out; and, going out and requiring
a pilot, the full sums before specified for that purpose. Ships in ballast, and requiring a
pilot, in or out, are prohibited from taking any unlicensed pilot: and to prevent masters of
vessels, after being piloted out, refusing to put the pilot on shore, or carrying him to sea, they
are charged with 5s. 5d. by the day for all such time as the pilot shall be detained on board
above twenty-four hours.
4th. Quayage—In lieu of the quayage of 5s. for every voyage imposed on all vessels
(except colliers and coasters) by the 26 Geo. III., a further tonnage-duty was granted by the
32 Geo. III. c. 35, s. 17, for every
M. C. I.
voyage, as follows:
X
Quayage.
DUBLIN. 158 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS. & - . . Late Irish Currency.
Every ship laden with coals, and every coasting vessel arriving in the s. d.
port or harbour of Dublin, or harbour of Dunleary - per ton 0 1
Every other ship or vessel - - * > - - sº 33 0 2
Timber Duties. 5th. Duties on timber, stone, &c.—The following duties are, under the 32 Geo. III.,
c. 35, s. 19, to be paid at entering the cargo at the custom-house, on the following goods
arriving on board any vessel in the port or harbour of Dublin, or harbour of Dunleary:-
Upon timber of all kinds:— -
Planks or blocks of mahogany, and of all other Late Irish Present
kinds of wood - tº -> º tº - Cº. Currency.
Boards of all kit tº- es. --> --> - S. Ol. S. a.
gº of al kinds * * - sº sº _{per ton 0 6 . 0 53
Bricks º - • • • tº º .**
Blocks of marble and of all kinds of stone -
Iicence Duties. 6th. Licence duties.—The following charges were imposed by the 26 Geo. III., c. 19, s. 30,
and 32 Geo. III., c. 35, s. 52:-
Late Irish Currency.
Fine, Per * For Registering.
Every wherry, while kept on the river, port, or s. d. S’
harbour - tºº º wº- 5 0 . 5 o e -
Every gabbard and lighter (other than the
lighters belonging to the ballast-office) - 10 0 . 10 0
Every row boat, sailing boat, and wherry plying
, for hire within the port and harbour of Dub-
lin, or harbour of Dunleary - gº - - º tº-
Puties applicable to The Duties applicable to Dunleary Harbour are as follows:
Dunleary Harbour.
© *
- 2 8%

56 Geo III., c. 62, s. 28, and 1 Geo. IV., c. 26, s. 7.
6 Geo. IV., c.107, s. 100.
For sº I 0
any goods at any custom-house within entry
the port and harbour . . . . .
For each invoice, outvoice, coast-cocket,
For all entries, inwards or outwards, º
cross-channel cocket, general receipt, to- - |(Repealed so far as applying to
bacco or other receipt, and luggage per- vessels entering inwards or out-
mit, at such custom-house . . . . . Each 2 0 wards, coastways, or goods
brought from any port in Ire-
to any other port in Ireland.
For each coast permit and cross-channel
Schedule.
Duty. British Cur. Exemptions, Exemptions.
S. d.
For every vessel belonging to sº On the '...} "O 6 -
entering the port or harbour of Dublin . ſthen, perton. -
For every vessel belonging to his Majesty's
subjects entering the port or harbour,
save those freighted with coals, and car-
rying coastways . . . . . . . © tº 0 4
For every vessel freighted with coals, and -
for every vessel coming coastways from ! |ſ All trade and vessels
any port in Ireland, entering the port or - Repealed as to vessels com- || #9" one Port of the
harbour . . . . . . . . . © e O 2 { :ep yº ºr rº United Kingdom to
ing coastways • - || another deined tol
land to Dublin, or from Dublin
| Ditto
permit . . . . . . . . . © º 2 0 Ditto
For each bond, inwards or outwards, save
masters' and mates’ bond . . . . . . . . 2 0
For each bond called a master’s and mate's
bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6
For masters' and mates' certificate, and for
certificates of registry . . . . . © & 7 6
For each ship entering the port and har-
bour, for anchorage, slippage, and city Repealed as to vessels en- |
dues . . . . . . . . . . tº G 7 6 tering inwards or outwards
- coastWays . . . . .
For each bill of view, store note, and for
the papers called debenture papers and
drawback papers, and for every affidavit
of registry and bill of health . . . Q tº 2 6
For every licence to navigate • ? e º, e 10 0
For every transire certificate . . . . . . . 10 0
be “coasting.”
Ditto
|Due
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND 159 DUBLIN.
& g - MUNICIPAL
The Lighthouse Duties are as follows:– REGULATIONS.
52 Geo.III., c. 115, s. 2 and s. 5. 1 Geo. IV., c. 26, s. 7. 6 Geo. IV., c.107, s. 100.
h Duty. Br. Cur. Exemptions. Exemptions.
tº a tº º s. d.
For every British or Irish ship or decked, For every ton bur-
vessel, navigated according to law, which || then, and in re- f
shall pass any light-house or floating light|| spectofevery such
[on the coast of Ireland], whether the light-house or ; 0 0}
ship or vessel shall be inward or home-|| floating light, and | i
ward bound, or on a foreign voyage or|| every time of pass-
sailing coastways . . . . . . ." ing the same .
For every foreign ship or decked vessel ||
passing as aforesaid . . . . . . . . Ditto . . . 0 0}
For every entry inwards and entry out-\|Where the value of)| Repealed so far as applying
wards of any ship or vessel in any port| such goods shall}| 0 6 || to any ship or vesséſenter:
- . - tº gº All trade and vessels
of Ireland . . . . . . . . ſ. not exceed £5 . ing inwards or outwards, “... port of the
And upon every entry, cocket, or warrant, in |where the value of l y . or to º United Kingdom to
any such port for shipping goods, in-U '' º . . 2 0 jº. another deemed to be
wards or outwards, or from any port in : ſº." SIſla É. a.º.º. iºniº “coasting.”
Ireland to any other port therein . . e tº any other port therein . .

The Dues taken at the Patent Graving Slip erected by the Ballast Corporation, as settled
by their own authority, are as follows:—
For hawling up . . . . per ton.
For the first 14 days . . . per day.
Afterwards, the lower rate of per day.
We may here mention the Dockage Dues taken at this harbour as connected with the
present subject, although not within the jurisdiction or receipt of the Ballast Board.
Dues at the Ballast-
office Patent
Graving Slip,
The Dockage (and Wharfage) Dues, under the 31 Geo. III., c. 42, s.9, to be collected by Dockage.
the Grand Canal Company for vessels coming into or going out of their docks, or unlading or At the Grand Canal
putting on shore, or lading or putting on board, any goods within the docks, were as fol- Docks.
lows:—
Duty not exceeding Rates actually taken.
For every Irish ship or vessel coming into S. d.
the floating docks . . . . . . . Per ton 0 6
For every other ship or vessel . . . . & e 1 0
For every ship or vessel coming into or Such graving-dock rates as
ing th ing docl b & e are paid or received for like
using the graving docks © ºf º º purposes at Liverpool. d
{g º harf
For all goods landed or discharged upon sº º º *:::::::
any of the quays or wharfs belonging to taken or received for goods
the floating docks, to the extent of 40 tº gº loaded or discharged upon
feet, on the north and west quays . . any quays or wharfs at the
port of London.
At the Custom-

The Dockage Rates at the Custom-house Docks, under the 5 Geo. IV., c. 92, are,
Duty not exceeding Rates actually taken,
Upon all ships entering to discharge or re-)|For every week after the]| s. d.
ceive goods, and remaining longer than } expiration of such six weeks,). 0 0}
six weeks • 2 e o e s s • for every registered ton .
tº te º For everv week from the
Upon light ships permitted to enter suchll time jº, *}| 0
dock for the purpose of laying up . . ſ gistered ton © a º 0%
house Docks.

We have already in some measure described, at least so far as the enactments on the subject
o, the Constitution of the Ballast Board, or Corporation for Preserving and Improving the
Port and Harbour of Dublin, in which are now vested the management and revenues of the
port, river, and harbour of Dublin, together with the trusts and funds arising in respect of
the quays and bridges of the river, and those of still greater importance arising in respect of
the light-houses around the whole coast of Ireland, and in whom the future care of the great
harbour of Kingstown or Dunleary is ultimately to vest. This constitution, and the results
of it, are viewed with considerable dissatisfaction by members of the mercantile body, and by
the public generally. We have seen that it consists of three portions:–
The first comprises merely the three annual chief officers of the corporation of Dublin
the lord mayor and sheriffs), who have little, and at all events only temporary influence
there; and, in consequence, do not in general form attending members of the board during
their years of office.
The second comprises three aldermen of the city, elected for this office by the board of
aldermen, and who, when elected, sit for life. -
*-
Constitution of the
Ballast Board.
X 2
DUBLIN.
I60 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
T MUNICIPAL
. REGULATIONS.
Oath of Office.
IMaterials for the
Works supplied by
Members.
The third and most numerous class of which the Ballast Board consists, is composed of
17 individuals, nominated to the office purely by a system of self-election, which the statuta-
ble constitution of the board sanctions. This constitution imposes no qualification. It is
not necessary that the individual selected to fill a vacancy should be a mercantile or nautical
man, or represent the shipping interest, or in any way be connected with the city or its trade.
A plan, however, of constructing the board, is said to have been adopted and acted upon, viz.,
of electing one nobleman, and four gentlemen of rank out of trade, and the remaining mem-
bers from merchants and shipowners. - •
Any member who neglects to attend to his duty for a period of three months is removable.
At the time of our Inquiry the Earl of Meath and Earl of Longford were stated to be the
only members not merchants or traders. They had not attended as required by the Act.
Neither they nor any other members who neglected to attend appear at any time to have been
removed for their non-attendance. -
The board meet, at their house in Westmoreland-street, in the city of Dublin, on every
Thursday for business connected with the light-houses, and on every Friday for business con-
nected with the port of Dublin, and oftener if occasion require. On those two days the
accounts of the respective departments are submitted. Books of proceedings are kept, one
for each department. The presence of three members is necessary to form a board; from
five to seven usually attend; the third member entering the room takes the chair, and, as
chairman, signs every account which passes the board. There is no gratuity paid for
attendance, nor fine for non-attendance. -
Two other very influential bodies in the city are so connected with the Ballast Corporation
as very much to increase the influence which its members possess; those are the Board of
Directors of the Bank of Ireland, and the Council of the Chamber of Commerce; and the
mutual power of the individuals seems very much to be consolidated by a course of using the
self-electing powers of the Ballast Corporation in favour of those who belong to those bodies.
At the time of our Inquiry it appeared that the following gentlemen were members of all
these bodies, viz.:- * * . -
Arthur Guinness. Thomas Crosthwait.
William P. Lunell. Thomas Wilson.
The following were members of the Ballast Corporation, and of the Council of the Chamber
of Commerce :-
Simeon Boileau.
Charles Haliday.
The following were members of the Ballast Corporation, and Directors of the Bank of
Ireland :—
Thomas Sherlock.
George Frederick Brooke. | George Roe.
And, besides, four other gentlemen were pointed out to us as Directors of the Bank of
Ireland, and members of the Council of the Chamber of Commerce.
This connexion was stated as a ground why the Council of the Chamber of Commerce had
not proved so effective a control over the Ballast Board as might otherwise have been
expected. - -
The Bank Directors possess a considerable power over the mercantile body of Dublin;
and in the constitution of the Ballast Board it is considered that the “ Bank Director
Party” have obtained a predominant influence. -
The members of the body are bound, before they proceed to execute the purposes of the
Act, to take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation:—
“I do solemnly promise and swear that I will faithfully and impartially, according to the
best of my skill and knowledge, execute the several powers and trusts committed to me in
and by an Act, &c., intituled, &c., without favour or affection, prejudice, or malice: AND I do
solemnly swear that I have not entered, and that, during my being a member of the cor-
poration appointed by the said Act, will not enter into any contract, directly or indirectly, for
evecuting the purposes of the said Act, or any of them, or for supplying any material for
carrying on or executing the same, nor will I be engaged in any security for any person or
persons holding, or who shall hold, any office by virtue of the said Act, or for any person
or persons entering into, or who shall enter into, any contract relating to the execution of any
part of the said Act. So help me, God ſ” ‘.
Notwithstanding this solemn obligation we found that members of the board were in the
habit of supplying materials for carrying on the works to a very considerable extent.
Thus, in the accounts for the year ended the 5th of January 1833, we discovered the fol-
lowing items, under various heads of account:—
1st. Messrs. George Drewar and Sons; Mr. George Drevar, an export provision merchant,
one of the firm, having become a member of this board in the year 1831.
Graving slip— £. s. d. £. s. d.
A buoy, May 21 e gº tº se * 16 1 2
Harbour—
Buoys, January 61 . . tº e © 30 2 10
June 4 gº • º wº º 56 6 6
October 29 . • º º º 20 18 7
Pilot Boats—
Buoys, June 9 º g e tº tº II 19 8
— 135 8 9
Carry forward Q tº f 135 8 9
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 161. DUBLIN,
MUNICIPAL
£. s. d REGULATIONS.
Brought forward © . 135 's 3
Light-houses— £. s. d.
Arran Island . º e ' s • e 4 5 0
Cape Clear ſº º • ‘ e e * > 4 5 0
Eagle Island º º e º 44 17 4
Innistrahul e e s e º " s 4 5 0
Eagle Island . & e . . . . . . 12 14 8
Maidens Q e g º ſº dºs 62 4 0
South Rock e e º º e . . 20 6 4
Skelligs . g O * tºp © e 16 19 8
sºiled - o e • " e " ºn 30 18 4 .
Ditto e e º º º e ‘ e 12 14 8
Tusker . - © ge e e * 12 14 8
Tory e • º º º tº e 8 10 O
234 14 8
Relief— -
Beef and Pork º • ' s - º 19 6 4.
3P 3.9 º & e º º º 7 6 O
Star— © & e o º e ū 13 15 11
Pork º º º • * e e 7 6. 0 \
Sea-gull—
Beef, &c. gº cº Q º e © 19 11 4
Brilliant—
Cooperage and Provisions . sº º º tº 48 18 10
Light-houses and Light-ships' Stores . . . . . 53 15 IO
• Supply . -> º . . . . . . . . . 1 9 10
Santa Margaretta—
Beacon & º e e o • 45 4 4
Burford t º *
Ditto & cº • . & • . 3 I 6
Bºmsºmºmº 219 15 II
fº&Q 19 4
2d. Messrs. Boileau and George; Mr. Simeon Boileau, a druggist, one of the firm,
having become a member of the Ballast Board in 1831.
Dredging Barge— £. s. d.
Paints, November 26 * 2 7. 2
Graving Slip— -
Paints, November 26 © g º ſº 8 I6 9
Harbour—
August 15 º e e º º e 3 15 S
December 29 º • º gº º º I I 9
North Quay Wall— - - > *
November 26 . º e g e so 10 5 II
Pilot Boats—
December 22 . º tº v e . . 6 7 2
— 32 14 5
Light-houses—
Ardglass º º . e e . | 4 II
Arranmore e º e ſº tº- º I3 10 7
Arran Island . º e • e º I2 6 3
Balbriggan º e e e e te 7 16 3
Carlingford © º sº * tº º 45 16 8
Carlingford Lough . º . º e 9 || 6
Cape Clear e º º e * º 17 10 II
Clare Island . º º º º * > 16 4 9
Cork º e -> º º º º 49 |4 6
Copeland º º e º º º 13 15 II
Dunmore we º wº tº º ſº 5 16 O
Duncannon º <> e º e º 3 12 I
Howth Bayley . º e º º * 12 3 2
Howth Pier se º © º º . . 10 16 2
Hook º º º º cº & e 1S 4 II
Innisgort º º º º º e 10 18 3
Innistrahul © º e e º <> 18 O 4
Kinsale Q º e º e 17 16 7
Killaduane © e gº º & º 10 19 4
Killibegs Q e gº º e º 17 10 3
Loughswilly . e e º G 11 2 8
—— 324 12 0
Carry forward º fº357 6 5
DUBLIN. 162 TEPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
Rššs. f. s. d. f. s. d.
Brought forward wº gº 357 6 5
Loophead wº tºo tº sº º ... ſºl9 15 3 *
Eagle Island . o ſº { . © ſº 5 7 8
Maidens e gº & tº º ... 106 6 0
Mutton º º e ge º º 10 6 6
North Wall . º º º te ge 8 10 6
South Rock . gº º tº g & 20 6 4
Poolbeg sº gº tº a º o tº 3 1 5
Skilligs º º o © tº de 42 14 2
Tusker sº gº º º sº o 20 9 7
Tory tº ſº * , * gº tº e 92 13 7
Wicklow tº, o g gº º gº 34 16 2
Relief . tº tº o ſº º * x ſº 14 2 11
Star . o w * e . s ge © 14 12 2
Seagull wº g g tº Q tº te 13 11 1
Brilliant & º tº * * tº sº 10 4 8
Supply g e gº g gº º wº 3 16 9
420 14 9
#3778 1 2
3d. Messrs. Wilson, Son, and Co.; Mr. Thomas Wilson, an import and export timber
merchant, one of the firm, having been elected a member of the Ballast Board in 1821.
Graving slip— . s. d.
Timber, December 7 © ge ſº C. 61 19 8
February 22 º e cº º 45 0 9
— 107 0 5
Harbour—
Timber, October 15 . gº g º Q 19 15 8
February 11 c ſº g wº 21 7 3
— 41 2 11
Light-houses— *
Eagle Island. Timber o g tº . 227 7 10
Glyne Head . © g tº © gº 18 4 8
tºmºsºms 245 12 6
#393 15 10
4th. Messrs. L. Crosthwait and Sons; Mr. Thomas Crosthwait, an import and export
merchant, and iron-founder, one of the firm, having been elected a member of the Ballast
Board in 1826.
Graving Slip— £. s. d.
Metal castings, December 27 . * tº 57 11 O
Iron work, March 13 º Ç 4. dº 26 3 4.
smºsºmºmºsºmsºmºsº 83 14 4
Light-houses— - *
Eagle Island . sº Q tº e . 522 II 2
Hook . e • . g • . 11 19 11
Killibegs. Iron works . g e tº 12 I 10
Eagle Island 95 g * g . 519 12 3
Maidens e º gº tº g º 1 1 7
Sligo . º g º o *g . 397 I 11
Tory . gº g © º º ſº | 6 6
emºsºm-º: 1,465 15 2
Oil Store . ge e º º g & 58 9 2 58 9 2
#1,607 18 8
Sonstruction of the The members of the board stated to us that the “contract” to which they understood the
‘Oath. Oath to apply was a public written contract; a contract, whether by public advertisement or
in any other way; and that they did not conceive a verbal agreement for the supply of
materials to be within the terms of the oath; an order given by an officer of the board for any
articles, supplied pursuant to the order, they did not conceive to be within the oath; an engage-
ment, under a penalty, to supply any particular article for any given time, or to make any
particular work, they conceived was a contract within its meaning.
No bill was ever objected to at the board on the ground that it contained a demand for
materials for carrying on any works supplied by a member of the board, or by a firm to
which a member of the board belonged. No objection was made to the gentlemen so sup-
plying articles to the board sitting at the board when their bills were presented and passed.
One gentleman (Mr. Drevar) indeed stated that he generally made it a practice not to be at
the board when his bills were presented; but the others stated that they acted under the
impression they entertained, whether right or wrong, as to the meaning of the oath, and never
absented themselves upon account of their bills having been furnished. They have even sat
as chairmen upon the examination of their accounts, it being the peculiar duty of the chairman
(who is the third gentleman entering the board-room) to scrutimize the accounts, and to initial
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 163
DUBLIN.
them for payment if unobjected to. On one day a gentleman passed, in this manner, forty-
one bills, furnished by the firm of which he was a co-partner.
Mr. Boileau said, “My firm had been, for twelve years before I became a member of the
board, in the habit of supplying the corporation with different articles, so long ago as 1818.
I was elected a member of the board in 1831. I never supplied any articles under an
contract, in the sense in which that term has been before explained; and we are in the habit of
supplying other firms with similar articles. No member of our firm was, at any time before,
amenber of the ballast board; the goods were supplied to order of Mr. Halpin and Captain
Grantham.”
Mr. Wilson stated,—“I attend to one branch of our business; it consists of various depart-
ments; I take one or two to myself; my partner takes others. Amongst the latter the timber
business falls more particularly under my partner's superintendence, and it so happens that
not, in my recollection, have I, individually, ever made a sale of any article to the superinten-
dent of the works of the corporation; and, so far from attending a board on a day when
accounts of mine were to be passed, I have been, in most cases, ignorant that even purchases
had been made from my house. My particular attention is directed to the West India busi-
ness, and my partner's to the timber business.”
Mr. Thomas Crosthwait made the following statement:-" Light-house lanterns used to be
furnished before I became a member of the board, (I think two or three were so furnished,)
by the firm of Leland Crosthwait and Sons, which, in the manufacture, was composed of T.
Crosthwait and L. Crosthwait, jun. My father, L. Crosthwait, the elder, was then a member
of the board, but was not a partner in that business. We were all three partners in general
business, under the firin of Leland Crosthwait and Sons, but, by a private arrangement
between us, the department from which the light-house lanterns were supplied belonged to
Thomas and Leland, junior. We extended the manufacture to Chapelizod, and took a man,
a millwright, of the name of Thomas Kearney, into our employment; he had done work, I
understand, before for the ballast office; and Mr. Maquay was anxious the light-houses
should be done in Dublin. Mr. Maquay was a member of the board, and it was from a con-
versation with him that the first work was done at Chapelizod for the ballast office, previous
to my being a member of the board. When the work was undertaken there I was no member
of the board. I stated to Mr. Halpin that I never would meddle with the prices; that, having
got the lanterns made elsewhere, he could best know whether the board would be benefited by
getting them made at Chapelizod or not. After I became a member of the board I never ap-
plied to have any work done. I never undertook to investigate any of the prices, merely
stating to Thomas Kearney that he must keep them as moderate as possible, and telling Mr.
Halpin on no account to get any work done unless it was decidedly for the advantage of the
board. It is fair to say there was an advantage I did conceive I had out of the transactions,
which was, having a large manufactory (a large flax-spinning mill), requiring constant
repairs, it was an object to me to keep good workmen together; and I was enabled to keep a
greater number of men constantly employed, whom I occasionally employed in the repairs of
the machinery. I wish to state further, that in the course of my experience in machinery, these
twenty-two or twenty-three years, I had not so good a workman or so clear-headed a man as
Kearney. If I was intending to make money of the board I never would have undertaken to
do the work in that way. Mr. Halpin was aware of the cost of the article; I was not at the
time I undertook it: if I had heard of a surmise that there was any impropriety in so sup-
plying the articles I should have at once stopped supplying them; I did so the moment a
surmise of the kind was expressed.”
MUNICIPAL.
REGULATIONS.
The Officers of the establishment (not including the persons engaged in the execution of Officers.
the works) are as follows:—
Ballast-master.
Secretary.
Secretary's clerk.
Book-keeper and clerk of the cheque.
Inspector of works.
Assistant inspector of works.
Pilot-master.
Deputy pilot-master and inspector of quarries.
Two haven-masters.
Two supervisors of ballast-lighters; one of them also pay-clerk.
Examinator of light duties. --
Two assistant examinators of light duties.
Messenger and inspector of nuisances.
The Ballast-master is the general head of the office; all receipts and disbursements pass Ballast-master.
through his hands. He gives daily attendance, and references are made to him on all occa-
sions; he receives all accounts of demands on the board, which come to him certified by the
officer who has immediate cognizance of the department to which the accounts relate; they are
examined by him, or his private examining clerk, under his inspection: these accounts are
made up, when marked by him, weekly, and returned to the secretary with a docket,
and by him submitted to the board for their order for payment. When the accounts have
passed the board, the ballast-master again receives them, and pays the amount to the several
individuals. vºy
Applications for ballast are made at his office; the amount of the ballastage is required at
the time; it is received by a clerk of the ballast-master, and returned to him daily.
DUBLIN.
164 . . REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL.
3REGULATIONS.
Secretary.
Secretary’s Clerk.
Book-keeper and
Clerk of the Cheque.
Inspector of Works.
Assistant Inspector.
Pilot-master.
Deputy-pilot-
master.
Haven-masters.
His receipts are paid into the Bank of Ireland, to the credit of the corporation, on every
Saturday. * .
The ballast-master had the apartments in the house in Westmoreland Street attached to his
office; but some years ago the board sanctioned an arrangement between him and the
secretary, to allow the secretary to occupy them.
As ballast-master, and as an allowance for his three clerks, he has a salary in the port
account of £332 6s, a-year, and another salary in the lights' account of £432 6s. a-year.
The ballast-master receives besides, to his own use, the sum of 5 per cent. paid upon the
several local taxes on the lots and quays; he pays a salary to another person for collecting
these rates, and has a surplus profit, without trouble, of £70 a-year.
The Secretary has a salary of £184 12s. 4d. a-year in the port account, and another salary
of £184 12s. 4d. a-year in the lights' account; and has, besides, the apartments, and allow-
ances for coals, and 40 guineas a-year for providing house servants. He has a Clerk paid, by
the board, £35 a-year charged to the port account, and a like sum charged to the lights' account.
The Book-keeper and Clerk of the Cheque has a salary of £100 a-year in the port account,
and another salary of £100 a-year in the lights’ account. *
The Inspector of Works, besides a residence at the stores, and 30 guineas a-year as an
allowance for keeping a horse, has a salary of £184 12s. 4d. in the port account, another of
fº26s. in the west quay walls' account, and a third of £369 4s. 8d. in the lights' account.
He resides in Dublin at the North Wall, and the works in the port are under his superin-
tendence. He visits the light-houses round the coasts generally twice a-year; he reports
annually to the board on the state of the works, and, when application is made for a new light-
house, he examines and reports upon it. 4. - -
The inspector has a general control over all the works, and has the power of making orders
without the direction of the board, particularly as to the supplying of materials. New works
are not undertaken without the direction of the board; but where immediate repairs are neces-
sary, as from the breaking down of a sea-wall, he has orders to get them done without waiting
for a reference to the board. -
Materials are not supplied by contract, nor advertised for ; in few instances have works
been done by contract, the board itself generally undertaking the execution. The selection
of the materials and of the persons to supply them is left to the inspector, the board not giving
any directions upon the subject. This is, consequently, an office of the utmost importance and
responsibility. -
The Assistant Inspector has a salary of £50 a-year in the port account, and another salary
of £200 a-year in the lights’ account. The inspector himself is not an engineer; he was brought
up as a builder. His son, the assistant inspector, has been educated as an engineer. Pre-
viously to his appointment there was no professional engineer in the employment of the board.
He entered on his office about the year 1830. - -
There was formerly a “store-keeper,” who had charge of all stores for the lighters, and pur-
chased materials under the directions of a committee of the board. The person who last held
this office stated to us that there were no checks upon him but his own accounts or his own
books, one against another; the public, he said, were, in a great measure, dependent on his
honesty and care. He had a salary of £78 a-year, a house in the Ballast-office Yard on City-
quay, and coals. During his term of office the members of the board did not, to his recollec-
tion, ever supply stores. *
This office was abolished about the year 1828, as unnecessary, and the business of the
lighters was transferred to the yard adjoining the slip at the north side of the river. The in-
spector of works seems, at first, to have undertaken the duties which the store-keeper pre-
viously discharged; but, in some time after, he had his son appointed as an assistant under
him. The suspended store-keeper attributes his removal to his having acted in a manner
independently of the inspector of works, and to the wish of that officer to obtain the entire
patronage and control over the ballast-office business, and to get his son into office. He
urges the necessity of establishing a proper system of checks on the stores, and of having
regular store-books kept.
The Pilot-master has a salary of £69 4s. 8d. a-year in the port account, and is also super-
intendent of light-ships, at a salary of £76 18s. 4d. s -
He has also £30 (Irish) in addition to his salary, under the heads of premiums and rewards.
The harbour-master of Kingstown (appointed by the commissioners of that harbour) is
appointed, by the ballast board, Deputy Pilot-master, and pays the pilots; he has no emolu-
ments as such, but he is paid, as inspector of the quays at Bullock, £92 a-year.
There are two Haven-masters, or harbour-masters, with salaries of £73 17s. each.
The neglect of duty by these officers was loudly complained of The ship-captains conceive
it to be the duty of these officers to attend on the river, at the least, from about half-flood to half-
ebb, for the purpose of appointing stations for the vessels, and keeping a clear channel. This is
done at other places, as at Belfast, Cork, &c.
The captain of the William Fawcett steamer, who had been constantly resorting to the
port for about five years, and from sixteen to eighteen times in the year, stated that he never
saw them perform any duty, except twice. On the one occasion they removed him from his
birth to make room for a Government steamer, which had come in with troops, although, at the
time of his removal, the troops had all got out; on the other occasion, Jupon a complaint being
made, one of the harbour-masters came to see whether the pilot did his duty in placing
the vessel in a proper station. He said he had known several instances of inconve-
nience arising from the absence of these officers; his vessel had often been obliged to be out-
side another vessel when it was her right to be alongside the quay; timber vessels had been
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 165 DUBLIN.”
g e tº ſº º g a tº MUNICIPAL
allowed to discharge alongside the quay, and to have timber floating in the river or projecting REGULATIONS.
from the quays, to the inconvenience of his and other vessels, facts also attested by others.
On one occasion his vessel got on shore from the neglect of the harbour-master; there was suffi-
cient water in the river, but it was blocked up by vessels which ought to have been anchored in
a different position, so as to leave a passage free. He complained to the Ballast Board, who
called up the harbour-master, and told him to remedy the evil in future; but this did not
appear to be followed by any alteration in practice, or increase of attention.
Some of the witnesses whom we examined ascribed the inefficiency of the harbour-masters
to the lowness of their salaries: they said that one of them, being the owner of several
vessels, could not, as a person possessed of property, be expected to devote the necessary
attention to the duties of the office for so small a sum; that the other was an old man;
and that constant and vigilant attendance was requisite to regulate the vessels, and keep in
their places the buoys, which were often displaced, and the removal of which frequently
occasioned accidents. The inconvenience arising from the want of proper regulation of the
vessels occurs both between the walls and below them, but principally below them, where the
colliers bring to anchor. At the quays, when a large steamer comes up, there is no berth for
her; a vessel, with her cargo discharged, is lying there; the captain of the steamer has no
power to remove her, not even to slack a rope from her ; the harbour-masters are not to be
found; and it depends on the civility of the master whether or not he will give place to the
vessel arriving, which is often obliged to lie outside, and at great risk, where the vessel is a
heavy one. -
On the other hand respectable persons deposed to what they considered the efficient dis-
charge of their duties by the harbour-masters; that they had often, particularly the senior
master, been seen actively employed in the discharge of those duties, although they never
had been seen on the river in boats; that though they had no office of their own on the quays,
where the vessels coming up the river had need of them, they had an office at the Ballast
Board House, and were to be heard of at the Ballast Office Yard, City-quay; that upon
vessels coming up the river, and waiting for the coming of the harbour-masters, berths had
been provided for them; but they had not been generally known to interfere in removing
vessels which lay in the middle of the channel. It is admitted indeed that attendance at might
is ºny. and is not given; and trading vessels and steam-vessels frequently come in at
Iilght. -
‘it seems that one effective harbour-master, with the command of a boat on the river, could,
by proper attention, discharge all the requisite duty.
There are two Supervisors of Ballast Lighters: one of them has a salary of £92.6s. a-year, Supervisors of
and a residence at the Ballast Office Yard; the other has a salary of £70 a-year as supervisor, Ballast Lighters.
and, as pay-clerk, a further salary of £45 a-year in the port account, and of £10 a-year in -
the lights’ account. * - -
It is the duty of the supervisors to measure all foreign ships, to ascertain the tonnage, and
to see the vessels ballasted.
One of the supervisors is also pay-clerk: the other is stationed at the Ballast Office Yard,
and is supposed to have the general superintendence of the gabbard-men and boat's crew
employed in the supply of ballast, and he keeps their accounts. He has also the charge of the
buoys, and other matters deposited at the Ballast Office Yard. The duty of fixing the buoys
belongs to the harbour-master.
There are three officers, a principal and two assistants, employed as Examinators of Examinators of
Light Duties; the principal has a salary of £150 a-year; the assistants have £70 a-year Light Duties.
each. /
The Messenger has £17 a-year in the port account, É6 a-year in the west quay walls’ Messenger.
account, and £6 a-year in the lights' account: he has also £6 a-year as inspector of nui-
sances in the port account. -
The Amount of Salaries, exclusively of allowances, is as follows:— Amount of Salaries.
f. s. d.
In the Port Account tº ſº º tº © . 1,425 15 4
, West Quay Walls • te Q * sº 98 6. 0
, Lights tº © tº tº e º . 1,704 || 4
f:3,228 2 8
There is a Pension List for disabled and superannuated workmen; it amounted to Pensions and Al-
£2.14s. 9d per week. Persons were placed on it by the special orders of the Board. lowances.
Weekly allowances are also made, on orders of the Board, to workmen meeting with acci-
dents, and gabbard-men.
The Business despatched by the Ballast Board and their officers can best be treated of Business of the
under the heads of the different objects for which the several duties and rates vested in them Board.
were imposed; and with the view of discovering how far each particular tax received by
them, compared with the expenditure which might be supposed to be incurred, peculiarly
with regard to the trusts and purposes for which that tax was imposed, yielded a profit or
produced a loss, we entered into a particular examination of their accounts for the year ended
5th January, 1833.
M. C. I. * , Y
DUBLIN.
166 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Ballast Department.
The receipts and expenditure in regard to Ballast, in 1832, were-
Receipts for ballast to vessels heaving in and £. s. d. £. s. d.
heaving out 4 × º ... • , ſº c 7,678 9 6
\ 35 , on shore ſº º • 21 10 0
- 7,679 19 6
Expenditure for ballast-raising . & ‘. . . 2,939 () 6
2.5 ballast lighters . , - & 2,315 0 6
35 ballast on shore . . . ſº 164 4 1
w - - - - 5,418 5 I
Leaving an apparent profit of © º in . É2,261 14 5
But, as the expenses for establishment, pensions, charities, printing, stationery, &c., must
be considered, of course the real profit is not nearly so great.
The reason of the excess of expenditure, stated under the head of ballast on shore, is, that
the Board have thought proper to charge the Grand Canal Company for dredging at the
entrance to their docks, and to place the expense not to the account of the harbour, but as if
the work were done for the private benefit of that company. The charge was, for 5,477 tons,
£148. 9s. 7d. The Grand Canal Company had not paid this demand.
The charge for ballast supplied to shipping is 1s 8d. (Irish) for the material, and 3d.
(Irish) for heaving, making 1s. 11d. per ton. This is considered too heavy a charge; it is
contended that it ought not to be more than the article actually costs the Ballast Board to
supply it; especially because, as a tax, it presses most upon the traders least able to bear it,
viz., those having no cargoes. -
We were informed that in London the ballast is not heaved by the corporation, but the
ship-owners employ persons to put it on board; and that in Bristol and Liverpool it is sup-
plied by private agreement with individuals, the price or charge fluctuating according to
circumstances. There, in general, one ship can get it from another; but that cannot be
done in Dublin : if the vessels have ballast to put out, they must get it done by the Ballast
Board, who charge 9d. per ton for removing it into the lighter; and those vessels which
require ballast are bound to take it from the Ballast Board, who have their charge again for
supplying it and heaving it on board.
Stones serve as ballast, but they must be taken as a cargo : thus limestone, paving-stones,
&c., are exported; but if they do not fetch a price at the port to which they are taken there
will be no saving, the vessel being charged as “in cargo;” and consequently the practice of
exporting those commodities does not prevail to any extent.
A prohibition, as we have stated, exists on the export of manure, which it appears to us
ought to be removed; the street manure, particularly, would answer for ballast; and the
scavenging of the city might thus become a profit instead of a charge to the citizens. The
Paving Board, since the streets have been “Macadamised,” have sold the street manure at a
low rate; its price would be raised by allowing a free export—am advantage which those on
whom the local tax is levied are entitled to. The removal of the restriction has been objected
to, as likely to affect the supply of manure from the city to the adjacent country; but the
actual operation of such restrictions, and of excessive local port charges generally, ought to be
attended to. The result commonly is, that the inward freight to the port is increased, and
thence comes an increased price of commodities imported. Thus, here, ballast is an unpro-
ductive cargo; street manure would answer the purpose of ballast, and would be a productive
cargo. The inward freight is increased from the necessity of taking and paying for ballast,
instead of taking a cargo of street manure. Colliers are obliged not only to pay for ballast,
but to defray a charge for removing it when they reach their port of destination; and hence
the price of coals in Dublin is enhanced. The policy of such restraints upon free intercom-
munication seems no longer maintainable. a
For carrying on this branch of business there are 16 lighters, and six gabbard-men attached
to each, exclusively employed in dredging ballast and shipping it. -
Filot Department.
A boat's crew is also kept, who are employed to see that the buoys are properly fixed, and
that the gabbard-men do their duty in proper working ground.
Ballast is usually delivered at the Ballast Office Y ără, on the City-quay. Sometimes it is
sent to vessels that will not steady without it; when steadied they are brought down to the
yard for the rest of the supply required.
The 'supply of ballast to the shipping is admitted to be regular. t
The receipts and expenditure in respect to Pilotage, in 1832, were—
From the masters or owners of vessels for inward or outward £. s. d.
pilotage . º © o º tº o º • 5,010 16 7
From pilot-boats, proportion of earnings gº o º • 495 9 II
fº,506 6 6
Pilotage repaid to pilots . s o © & g © 4,886 11 5.
Pilot-boats, repairs, &c. . sº º º e te e 32] 1 4
Pilot station, Poolbeg, to take outward pilots out of ships . © 172 9 8
Superannuated pilots & & § º Q o © 93 0 0
2 5
£5,473
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 167
DUBLIN.
To this, if we add the salary of the pilot-master, even exclusively of a share of the general
expenses, a loss appears to be sustained upon the pilotage. It is alleged that the rates
of pilotage are so low that the Board will not make further deductions from the pilots than
thev do. -
†. whole of the pilot system connected with the port of Dublin is the ground of serious
dissatisfaction, and is alleged to be worse conducted than any other similar establishment in
the kingdom. - -
The pilots have been divided into two classes, termed river pilots and sea pilots.
The river pilots take the vessel down; they go only as far as the Dublin lighthouse at
Poolbeg, so that the vessels going out have no pilotage at sea. -
The sea pilots bring the vessels up the river; but many of them are said to be very incom-
petent and defective in skill as to the navigation of the harbour and river. We were informed
they had frequently run the William Fawcett steamer aground when she ought to have got
up, and when there was sufficient water in the river. The captain stated that he conceived
he could not, when the pilot came on board and took charge of the vessel, take the charge out
of his hands; for he should have done it at his own risk, as, if any accident happened, the
owners could not in that case recover upon the insurance.
The ignorance of the sea pilots as to the navigation of the river is considered so great that
the captains of the steam-vessels which resort to the port seem in general to put no confidence
in them. Coasters (which class now, since the 6th Geo. IV. c. 107, includes all vessels from
one port to another in the United Kingdom) are not, we were told, obliged to take pilots on
board going to London; and, consequently, a spirit of dissatisfaction is created among those
who, there, are free from an impost which, here, they are compelled to pay, whether they
take the pilots on board or not; and it is alleged that a pilot is more required in the port of
London than at Dublin. All that the Ballast Board look to, it is complained is, that the
gºve are paid. Some masters of steam-vessels pay the pilots, and will not allow them
on board.
The mature and merits of the complaints upon the subject of the pilotage here cannot be
properly understood without some description of the harbour and bay of É. and of the
dangerous banks which obstruct its entrance and the approaches to it, particularly from
the southward.
Dublin harbour is, properly, the channel of the river Liffey, which has been quayed on
both sides through the city. On the south side the wall has been extended from Ringsend to
the Poolbeg lighthouse at its extremity, three miles in length. s
A rough mole, called the Great North Wall, has been carried across the strand on the north
side from the shore, near Clontarf, towards the Poolbeg lighthouse.
About halfway from the lighthouse, on the south wall, is the fort called the Pigeon House;
and in the channel between these is the anchorage called Poolbeg, where vessels may lie in
15 feet at low water. A quarter of a mile below the Pigeon House there was a shoal, called the
Ford, across the channel, the deepest water on the north side being three feet at low water.
From this to the Pigeon House dock is the anchorage called the Pigeon House Hole, with 12
feet water. Above the Pigeon House the channel becomes narrower and shallower.
The bay of Dublin is five miles and a half wide at the entrance between the point of Howth,
called the Baily and Dalkey Island, in a s.s.w. direction; three miles and a quarter deep from
this line to the Poolbeg Light, at the end of the South Wall; and six miles deep to the Quay
Light, at the end of the North Quay, opposite Ringsend.
About four miles without the bay is the northern end of the bank called the Kish, which is
the head of a range of dangerous banks called the Irish Grounds, extending along the coasts
of Wicklow, at the distance of about seven miles from the shore.
Halfway between the Kish and Poolbeg Light is Burford Bank, a narrow ridge stretching
across the mouth of the bay for a mile, on which there are barely three fathoms water, and at
the south end two and a half only at low-water springs. There is also, S.S.W. half a mile
from the Baily Light, a bank called Rossbeg, on which the least water is two fathoms and
a half.
A broad strand, called the North and South Bulls, occupies all the upper part of the bay;
the tail of the sand called the North Bull, running athwart the entrance of the Liffey, forms
the bar of Dublin, on the shoal part of which there are from six to seven feet at low water of
ordinary springs. -
The range of sandbanks to the southward of Dublin bay runs, with some interruptions, as
far as Arklow. The northernmost, called the Kish, rums with two fathoms S. by W. two miles to
its middle, where there is only one fathom. From its south extremity there is a swatchway
with mine fathoms, one mile and a quarter south, to the north end of Bray Bank, which runs S.W.
one mile and a half, nearly to the Codling Ridge, with one to three fathoms. The Codling
Ridge consists of three separate banks formed of stone and gravel, having in some places only
six feet. It extends three miles s.E. Three miles south of the Codling Ridge is the South
Ridge, with from four to five fathoms, and the swatch has seven fathomson either side. Three
miles to the S.W. are the small banks called the Wicklow Banks or India Grounds, about
two miles in length. The channel within the banks has, in general, 15 fathoms, and sound-
ings pretty regular towards the shore. The Moulditch Bank, south of Bray Head, with two
to three fathoms only, runs N.E. one mile and a half from the shore. The Horse-shoe Bank,
on passing Wicklow Head, extends sw. above a mile, and has five feet on it near its north
end, which is its most shallow part. Some rocks near Dalkey Island, the Gray Stones
south of Bray Head, and the Wolves Rock south of the Horseshoe, also obstruct the naviga-
tion. Two leagues from Wicklow Head, S.E. by E., and five miles from the coast, is the north
end of Arklow Bank, another ridge stretching 11 miles N.N.E. and S.S.W.; ". º northern
-º-
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
I)\UBLIN.
168 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
"MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
extremity are four feet on it, and at its southern from 8 to 18 feet. Off Kilmichael
Point, one mile from the shore, is the north end of Kilgorman Bank, running sw. by s. five
miles. It has six feet at the north end, and three fathoms at the south end, opposite to Courtown.
Kilmichael Bank lies inside. The Rusk and Ram, a narrow sand, begins about half a mile
off Cahore Point, south of Courtown, and extends four miles s. by w. Its north end has six
feet on it. Two miles to the south, and running two leagues N.E. by sw, is a ridge called the
Black Water Bank, with two to three fathoms. In the swatch between are patches called the
Money Weights, with 8 to 12 feet water.
The Tusker Rock lies outside all these banks, about five miles from the shore. Halfway
from the Tusker to the shore is a long narrow sand, called the Bailies, on which are six feet
water, its north end reaching to the Splough, a rocky shoal about a mile S.E. from Greenore
Point, on which are only three feet water. Four miles N.N.E. of the Tusker, and as much E.
of Greenore Point, is the south end of the New Ground, a shoal which runs one league to the
N.E., having ten feet water on it. About two miles N.E. of Greenore Point is a shoal called
Holden's Bed. It lies s.W. and N.E., and is three miles long and one broad. Near its sw.
end are seven feet water on it, and on other parts from two to two and a half fathoms. Between
Holden's Bed and Wexford entrance is the Dogger Bank, commecting the south or Rosslare
point with the bar.
None of the harbours which range along this line of shoals are capable of affording shelter
for the larger class of vessels resorting to the port of Dublin.
Wicklow harbour is only fit for small vessels, having but eight feet on the bar at spring
tides, and four or five at neaps. A vessel may stop in the bay in three or four fathoms in
westerly winds. t
Arklow harbour is fit only for boats, and the passage to it is crooked and liable to shift.
Wessels lie about a mile E. or s.E. of the Arklow river in from five to eight fathoms.
Courtown harbour has lately been formed for small craft, with two rough piers, and a floating
dock inside.
Wexford has a large and capacious harbour, but the access to it is obstructed by a bar, on
which there is sometimes not more than seven feet water; and in the passage to Wexford there
are several sandbanks, which, as well as the bar, are liable to shift, and render the harbour
difficult of access, and even dangerous to a stranger.
It is evident that the terms of the Act of Parliament regulating the charges for pilotage
contemplate that the Dublin pilots ought to go outside the banks we have described, to the
full extent. That they neglect this duty is indisputable. The charges for pilotage we have
seen are divided into “inside” and “outside” pilotage, and the decision as to what is “outside”
and what is “inside” pilotage has been a ground of complaint, as well as the neglect to perform
properly the duty for which the charge is imposed.
The captain of the Innisfailsteamer, plying from Cork, stated that he did not object to the charge
for pilotage on steamers generally for duty performed or offered to be performed; he thought it a
fair charge on steamers for river services, merely as a protection to underwriters; but he thought
it unfair as it had been usually charged here. The steamers were usually two, three, or four
hours within the banks, coming up from the southward, when hailed by the pilot-boats. After
passing the banks the navigation is safe up to Kingstown harbour: to a stranger the great dif-
ficulty is the getting inside of those banks. He never sees the Dublin pilots till off Bray
Head or Killimey; they are of no service there. When hailed by the pilot-boat within a mile
or two of Bray Head he had been charged “outside” pilotage; it had been ruled against him
that that was outside pilotage. The rule enforced by the officers of the Ballast Board, he said,
was this—that what is above Bray Head they hold to be bay pilotage, subject to 2s. per foot
only on “natives;” but what is below Bray Head, viz., where the church of Bray is hid by
the head, they charge us outside pilotage, subject to 3s. per foot. At that point where the
church of Bray is hid by the head the vessel is four miles within the banks abreast, and 30
miles within them to the southern entrance, viz., Arklow or South Bank.
Even as to the river navigation, the captains of the steam-vessels in a short time become
better acquainted with it than these pilots; and, notwithstanding their doubts as to the effect
in regard to insurances, they commonly take the charge of the ships themselves as they come
in, from a conviction of the necessity of not intrusting them to the pilots, who generally give
up, from a sense of their own incompetence. Indeed, as to the larger class of steamers, these
pilots are ignorant of their management, and unable to take charge of them.
The pilots, notwithstanding, usually obtain from the captains the formal certificates that
the pilot has performed his duty, boarding at one place and leaving at another, i. e. at the
quays; the pilot being ready to perform his duty as well as he can, the captains think them-
selves justified in signing these documents.
The captain of the Innisfail, upwards of six years in the service, and trading every week,
informed us, that, for the last 18 months, he had not taken a pilot on board; for the first six
or 12 months he took them on board constantly, but very seldom since, having no con-
fidence in them. When hailed by the first pilot-boat, he signs a certificate, on being presented,
specifying on a printed form the place where he is hailed; in these forms he strikes out the
word “piloted,” and writes “spoke;” he also puts “ spoke” for “boarded,” and strikes
out the words “ left at,” so that, the pilots being paid on these certificates, the Board ought
to be apprized of the places where the pilot-boats speak his vessel, and of the little use
that is made of them. As a class, he considered them an inefficient, nerveless, frightened set
of men, and said that no mischief had happened to his vessel in this harbour except when he
had taken them on board.
Another master of a steam-vessel deposed, that for two years he had not taken a pilot on
board, considering them of no use. When he had a cargo on board, and was hailed by them,
J
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN TRELAND. 169
DUBLIN.”
he always signed their pilot notes; but when he had not a cargo, he always declined to do
so, and also when he had dropped anchor in Kingstown harbour before being hailed. In one
half of the voyages made by him he escaped the charge for pilotage from the pilots not
attending.
In bad weather the pilots are scarcely ever to be found. When it blows fresh, and con-
stantly at night, they go into the harbour.
There were formerly six pilot-boats; the number has been reduced to four. Six, we were
informed by practical men, are still required. Frequently the pilots are not to be had until
the vessel has arrived in Kingstown harbour.
There are three appointed stations for the pilot-boats, called the North Station, the Bay
Station, and the South Station.
The selection of the cruising stations is objected to. The boats seldom go below Bray
Head. They ought to cruise as far as Tusker on the south : the greater part of the trade
comes from Dublin from that side, and there the greatest danger lies from the banks on the
coast south of Dublin, which commence, as we have stated, at Tusker, and extend to Arklow
and Wicklow.
The whole body of pilots are looked upon as inefficient, illiterate men. The division of
them into sea pilots and river pilots, which is quite an arbitrary rule of the Ballast Board, is
extremely prejudicial to the service. In the navigation on the high seas the river pilots are
useless. In the river navigation the sea pilots are ignorant of the channel; but it is con-
sidered that if they had the conducting of the vessels down the river as well as up, they would
become more conversant with their business than many of them appear to be.
The Dublin Harbour Acts contemplate the having apprentices bound to the pilots to learn
their business, and to secure proper skill in it; but those provisions are not acted on, although
it appears to be the practice elsewhere to adopt this course, and even to send the pilot-boats
to cruise, with the apprentices, about the neighbouring coasts. It is the opinion of persons of
experience, that the pilots here ought to be acquainted with every harbour on the opposite coast
where their service might be required; but it is questioned whether any of them would be
able to bring a vessel safe into any neighbouring port.
Until the year 1824 the pilotage was regulated, as to receipts and disbursements, by the
pilot-master; it was then for the first time brought into the books of the office, and received
and disbursed by the corporation. They do not derive a profit, but rather, as we have seen,
lose by it. \
i. pilot-boats are now the property of the corporation, who retain two-tenths of the pilots’
earnings for the support of the boats; this does not meet the capital employed and money
expended in keeping the boats in repair. The remainder of the pilotage is paid over weekly
to the respective boatmen.
The Pilotage outwards in some cases operates as a grievous tax; for instance, upon ves-
sels laden with limestone, usually exported to Scotland, and charged 2s. per foot of the ves-
sel's depth in the water.
Colliers, going outwards, are not obliged to pay pilotage, being usually counted as vessels in
ballast; but if they take any quantity of goods of a general cargo, however small, they become
chargeable. If the masters take stone as ballast they are charged for pilotage, and as they,
in general, know the river as well as the pilots, from frequenting the harbour so much, they
complain much of the charge. . There is no question but that, if it were not for this, they
would much more frequently take stone for ballast.
The pilot-master defended the existing practice against the objections made to it.
He stated that the pilots are principally appointed by the Board on his recommendation;
the deputy pilot-master also assisted in the selection of pilots, and the examination as to their
fitness; both were employed in seeing that the pilots did their duty; that the present number
of pilot-boats, with the addition of two or three pilots, which the corporation intended to make,
were quite sufficient for the harbour; and that the four present pilot-boats were equal to the
four they had before; that a great many of the complaints as to the inefficiency of the pilots
were groundless, and to free the masters themselves from blame, for they often interfered with
the pilots, and caused the ships to get aground.
He said that he resided at Raithmines, a village lying inland, and south of the city; his
office was at the Ballast Board; he was always at the office on Thursday and Friday (Board
days), being bound to attend the Board on those days, unless on light-ships' duty, and was
there also every day unless otherwise engaged. He did not consider himself bound to attend
at any particular hours; the office hours were from ten to three, and he attended them
generally every day; he attended to give orders for stores to the pilots, and he regulated any
difference which might arise on pilot-notes, with reference to the charges; he usually spent
three or ſour hours each day at the office, besides which his duty called him off to Kingstown,
and the four light-ships which were under his care.
He said, “When a fleet is expected the four pilot-boats are out. There are always three
at sea. They should be so. There is sometimes a little neglect; sometimes one of these
meets an accident which obliges her to come in. It sometimes, but not frequently, happens
there are only two at sea. It has been made a subject of complaint that there were no pilot-
boats to be met with ; but very unfoundedly very often: These complaints arise from the
steam-boats, which go too fast for them, and they know the harbour so well that they do not
require them. I think it is the pilots that have reason to complain of the steamers, for making
away from them. The pilots are only paid for the vessels they bring in, and they lose by
every vessel that comes in without them. The pilots have no fixed salary; they have merely
what they earm. The steamers, escape all expense whatever of pilotage if they do not take
a pilot on board. If a pilot is near enough to hail them the steamers are then obliged to pay;
-msm-
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS,
Charge of Pilotage
outwards on Col-
liers, &c.
Defence of the Dub---
lin Pilot System.
DUBLIN.
170 , REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Harbour.
but sometimes they escape this by altering their course when they see a pilot-boat, which they
do at a considerable distance, and thus avoid them. The hailing must be heard; it is not by
signal. It never happens that a steamer is hailed from the shore. The pilots, in fine weather,
sometimes go out in a boat and hail the steamers, in which case they are obliged to pay. In
calm weather, when the pilot-boats cannot sail, the men are obliged sometimes to row out
seven or eight miles to meet the steamers. However calm the weather and however well
acquainted the steamer might be with the harbour, she would be obliged to take the pilot
aboard if near enough to hail her. -
“I have heard from the masters of vessels that they have taken charge of their own vessels
rather than have them in charge of the pilots who were on board. I believe that they some-
times do so, but that they should not; there are not better pilots in the world than in the
port of Dublin. I think the steamers require more care than the ordinary vessels which fre-
quent the harbour, and generally draw more water than the ordinary vessels; but there are
large timber ships which frequent the harbour and draw more water. The pilots are not
afraid to take charge of them. - -
“it might have happened, and does happen sometimes, that there is no pilot-boat for hours
together in the bay. Sometimes this happens from neglect. They are always punished when
it is discovered. Quite as much neglect happens in all the harbours over the globe. There
is no means of guarding against it but by a strict watch over the pilots. There is no superin-
tending boat to see the pilots on their station. Waving the expense, it would be a good idea.
to have such a boat.
“The instructions are:—for one (pilot-boat) to go in the N.E. direction, as far as the Rock
of Bill, which is 15 or 16 miles from Dublin, but not to go beyond it; the next station is, the
s.w.. for the second boat, to cruise as far as Wicklow Head, between 24 and 30 miles from
Dublin; the third boat is stationed in the bay, generally, to cruise about between Howth and
Dalkey, so as to pick up any ships that the other boats might miss.
“The distance from Dublin to the Tusker Rock is 70 or 75 miles. Cruising so far could
not be done; it would not pay. The vessels would miss the pilot-boats; they would get past
them. There are very few vessels come to the port of Dublin in that direction. It is mostly
vessels going to Liverpool and Scotland that touch upon Tusker. The foreign vessels coming
to Dublin pass there; but they are very few in number, and, in thick weather, would always
pass the boat. Neither do vessels want a pilot-boat so far out from Dublin. I have never
heard of accidents happening from the want of a pilot-boat there. The few that have hap-
pened have generally been occasioned by the foggy weather. A pilot-boat could not keep
her station there in stormy weather. With a fair wind a pilot-boat could go to Tusker in
about seven hours. If not fair, it might take two days. The Liverpool pilot-boats are sta-
tioned at 60 miles distance from Liverpool, but these are sheltered by harbours on the coast
and the shore. The same pilot-boats could not hold their station at the Tusker Rock.”
He did not know the origin or reason of dividing the pilots into sea pilots and river pilots;
it was an old plan; they might be blended; and there was no reason why one pilot might not
act as sea and river pilot. The river pilots are better off than the sea pilots; all vessels
above 50 tons, with cargoes on board, are obliged to take a river pilot, and they all take them,
however well acquainted the master may be with the harbour, in order to guard against the
insurance risk. The river pilots get 2s. a foot on the draught of the vessel, whatsoever it may be.
He computed the profits of a river pilot to be £120 a-year; he considered that the nine river
pilots were sufficient, but that they had a great deal to do. The situation of sea pilot was not
very valuable not much sought after.
He admitted that, in point of fact, the steamers do not derive any advantage from the em-
ployment of the river pilots. On the large steamers of 13 feet draught the charge is £1.6s. ;
and though there are masters who do not know the river, and to whom, of course, the pilots
are really useful and necessary, it is yet a frequent subject of complaint by masters of vessels,
and especially of colliers that take stone ballast, that they are obliged to employ the river
pilots without having occasion for their services.
The receipts and expenditure, in respect of the Harbour tonnage duties, in 1832, were—
By receipts 16 Foreign vessels. . . . . 3,045 tons, at 9d. per ton.
35 199 British vessels on foreign voyage 34,225 do.
55 1,934 Colliers . . . . . . . 230,878 6d.
35 1,333 British coasters. . . . . 187,652 do.
25 432 Irish coasters . . . . . 33,133 do.
(86 Dunleary.) £. s. d.
Total vessels, 451,663 tons 11,713 I 2
Differences on foreigners . . . . . . . . . 247 16 7
#11,960 17 9
(N.B. This item of differences on foreigners arises from a Treasury
Order, or Order in Council, by which vessels of certain foreign nations
were ordered to be put upon the footing of natives; the Board were directed
to abate so much of the local tax, and to charge the Trinity-house with
the difference annually.)
Expenditure by harbour . . . . . . . . . f.7,469 11 10
55 dredging barge . . . . . . . 1,133 12 0
59 Great North Wall . . . . . . . 160 13 5 8,763 17 3
- Apparent profit . . . . . . f:3,197 0 6
The charges arising from the debts and embarrassments of the Board are principally attri-
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 171
DUBLIN.
puted by them to their expenditure on the Great North Wall, which, as they allege, they under-
took for the benefit of the harbour. The charges for interest on the entire debt exceed the
above apparent profit, being upwards of £4,000 a-year.
The principal Works carried on in the Harbour under the direction of the Ballast Board,
within the last 20 years, have been the Great North Wall, the dredging of the harbour to
deepen it, and the graving slips. -
The Great North Wall was undertaken with the view of deepening the harbour. The cost
of the work has been £103,054 19s. 11d. expended from 1819 to 1824, exclusively of annual
charges in other years seldom exceeding £100. - -
The plan of the Great North Wall is said to have been originated at the Ballast Board; to
have been by them submitted to the Government; and by the Government referred to the
Board of Inland Navigation. These communications began in the year 1801, and were con-
tinued in 1803, 1804, and 1805. In 1814 the Ballast Board ordered a survey of the North
Bull, and in 1816 plans and estimates were required. In 1819 they resolved to proceed with
the work, consulting Mr. Giles, Captain Whidbey, and Mr. Telford, engineers, in the course
of its execution. -
The propriety of the work, on which so large an expenditure has been made, is a matter
much controverted amongst persons connected with the port. -
It seems indeed generally considered that the construction of the Great North Wall has
given an improved channel; and it is admitted that the river does not afford sufficient back
water to scour the channel without artificial means. t
It is alleged, however, that there is no harbour on which so much money has been laid out
with so little result; and by many the work is still considered an imprudent speculation.
Engineers differed about it at the time it was undertaken: the proposed object was to deepen
the old channel and to remove the bar to a greater distance; and though there is a deeper
channel, yet it is said to be marrower, not exceeding 120 feet in breadth, so that a large vessel
cannot tack if it be blowing strong; a bank, too, which did not exist before, made its appear-
ance, and though this bank has been removed by dredging, yet some are not without appre-
hensions as to further formations of a like description, and conceive that the wall will ulti-
mately be of injurious consequences to the harbour; and in that case the expense of removing
it, if that should become necessary, would exceed, it is said, the cost of erection.
The present inspector of works (Mr. Halpin) was in office when this work was designed, and
gave us the following account of it:-"The Board had on the subject the opinion of all the
first engineers of the day, and of the Directors-General of Inland Navigation; Mr. Rennie
visited it, and Sir Thomas Hyde Page visited it; Captain Bligh, and others. The plan
recommended by the Directors-General of Inland Navigation was followed; they also con-
sulted the same engineers; Captain Daniel Corneille was their engineer; I superintended the
work while in progress. It is complete as originally planned. It never was intended to raise
the outer part higher than at present, being left down to let the ebb of higher tides pass over
so as to prevent the current at the lighthouse from being too great. The wall has had the effect
of giving a more direct channel with an increased depth of water on the bar. In the present
channel, by Captain Bligh's survey, there is now an increase of from four to five feet, leaving
eleven feet at low water. That increase has been progressive. I have not been on it to
examine particularly this year, but I was there a few times last year, and cannot say if it is
still on the increase. Captain Bligh's survey was in 1800. The increase was ascertained in
1832 and 1833. The present channel is a new and more direct channel than the old one. The
old channel remains, partly, nearly the same. I attribute the increase to the direction given
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Principal Works
in the Harbour.
Great North Wall.
to the tide by the building of the Great North Wall. It also keeps out of the harbour the
sand which is thrown on the North Bull, which formerly was thrown into the channel of the
river. It was in the old channel the improvements were expected when the work was planned.
The operation of the North Wall upon the harbour was different from what was expected.
The wall has given an increased current in the flood tide and on the ebb. The sand removed
off the bar has been thrown on the North and South Bulls; there is an additional accumula-
tion of four feet and upwards on the North Bull; not so much on the South. From all the
soundings taken, it does not appear to have had the effect of diminishing the depth of water at
the back of the bar; I have heard statements to the contrary. The present channel was not
used before the work commenced; not in its present direction, but more to the northward; it
was called the Old East Channel. The Old South Channel is nearly stationary. There was
a bank found inside the lighthouse after the erection of the Great North Wall; it has been
removed by dredging; the accumulation was taken away in two months in the present year;
it had been about ten years in forming, supposing it to have been caused by the Great North
Wall. It was occasioned by the construction of the wall. The erection of the Great North
Wall has made the channel inside the lighthouse more direct, and the increased current will
keep the channel open. The wall has not had the effect of deepening the channel inside the
lighthouse, but as they deepen it by dredging the wall prevents the sand from filling it up
again. I have heard it said that the wall has had the effect of producing accumulation of
sand in other parts of the harbour, I know of none save the bank inside the lighthouse, and
that has been removed. There were partial banks made from time to time in the progress of
the work, and the Board consulted engineers on the subject, who advised them to proceed.
The wall was finished in 1823, the bank was removed this year (1833) in two months. There
is now very little accumulation inside the low part of the Great North Wall. There was a
high accumulation formerly. I attribute to the operation of the North Wall the casting of
the sand upon the North Bull, and the clearing of the new channel. Mr. Rennie's opinion
(which is in print) as to the best mode of improving the harbour was not adopted by the
Board. I do not think that the effect of the Great North Wall will be to make another bar in
DUBLIN.
172 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
. MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS,
-
the deep water; the soundings made by the Board do not show this. There is another reason
which, in my opinion, will prevent the bar from increasing, that is, there is a current to the
east with the ebb tide, which runs for mine hours, which carries the sand out, seaward, by
Sutton and Howth, while the flood tide runs in but for three hours in that direction.”
* The Ballast Corporation referred us to the following documents, as justificatory of their adoption
and execution of the plan of the Great North Wall. -
SIR, - Dublin, 6th May, 1819.
WE have, in obedience to the directions of the Board, viewed the North Bull, both at high and low water,
and we have jointly settled our opinions upon the most eligible situation and direction of the proposed wall,
or embankment, from the shore of Clontarf towards the Spit Buoy.
The leading objects to be attained by this wall or embankment are–
First, The sheltering of the harbour. -
Secondly, The prevention of the sands passing from the North Bull into the harbour; and
Thirdly, To admit as great a body of tide water as possible into the harbour, and to return the same past
the lighthouse, within such limits and in such direction as will produce the best scouring power to deepen
the bar, with the least obstruction to the navigation into the harbour.
To effect these objects, we are of opinion, “That in the probable event of the south wall being hereafter
extended from the lighthouse towards the bar, and the embankment on the north side being also carried
to the bar,” the present works should commence by embankment, from near the west end of the Sand
Island, and pursue a straight line between a point “ 500 feet west of the eastern side of the road leading
from Cold Harbour to the Green Lames,” and the Spit Buoy, which will be s.E. # E. true bearing.
This straight line we propose to extend to the distance of 2,000 yards south-east from the shore of Clon-
farf, and there to commence a parabolic curve towards a point due north of the lighthouse, by which curve
the direction of the ebb-current will be graduated to a suitable course for effecting the best scour at the
entrance of the harbour and upon the bar; and the proper width of the entrance will be practically deter-
mined as embankment proceeds, by its operation upon the current in the channel. The direction of the
above line will likewise be well adapted to obviate the ravages of the south-easterly winds upon the
embankment. - -
We are likewise of opinion that a causeway, for an access to the works, should be made across the north
gut or channel, between the Sand Island and Clontarf shore, in the same direction as the straight line of
the embankment. This causeway should be formed at each side of the gut, by embanking, and supported
in the middle (for the space of 200 yards) upon open piling, through which the tides will still have passage,
and the channel be thereby kept open. - -
We have the honour to be, Sir, &c.
(Signed) FRANCIs GILEs.
To John Cossart, Esq. GEORGE HALPIN.
&c. &c.
*-mm-mmº
SIR, Dublin, 10th August, 1822.
IN consequence of your requisition, I lost no time in making a journey to Dublin, and have to acknowledge
the receipt of yours of the 8th, containing instructions from the corporation to inspect the port of Dublin,
and report upon the state of the works now carrying on for its improvement, the effects they have already
produced, and what, in my opinion, is likely to be the result of any other operations which I may think
proper to recommend. - - -
I was glad to find the Great North Wall in so forwärd a state, having already been carried for a distance
of about 5,500 feet to its full height, and about 1,500 feet further to the level of high water meap tides; also
about 500 feet more to the level of half-flood, all of which seems to have been performed substantially and
with economy. The effects of this wall, in its present state of progress, are already very evident; for the sand
banks in the interior having been deprived of their usual supply from the Great North Bank, have already
been lowered more than three feet on an average, while the part of the bar which is immediately opposite
the present harbour mouth has likewise been lowered from six ſeet six inches, to eight and even mine feet;
whilst the western part of the bar, which is adjacent to the old channel, is remaining seven and seven feet
six inches only; so that already a direct entrance is formed of sufficient depth for most of the vessels which
frequent the port of Dublin. - • -
But, notwithstanding the great extent to which the North Wall has been successfully carried, I consider
the entrance still considerably too wide to produce the full effect of deepening the bar, or forming a perfect
and direct channel within the Great South Wall—objects so essential to the perſecting the general entrance
of the port. I therefore strongly recommend that Mr. Halpin may, as he has very judiciously proposed,
be authorized to add a still further extension of about 500 feet to the Great North Wall, to be carried forward
with great caution, observing the effects produced upon the current of the flowing and ebbing tides during
the ensuing winter; and this extension should not for the present be raised above the level of half tides,
until the above-mentioned effects have been fully and carefully ascertained, after which the most advisable
measures for completing this great work, both as to shape, extent, and height, may, with propriety, be
determined. 4.
With regard to the changes which have already taken place, both within and without the pier heads,
they are precisely what might be expected, and in truth desired. Any quantity of sand which can be
carried from the comparatively small space within the piers, the harbour mouth, and spread at large over
the Great Bay, can produce no visible or injurious effect. It would, in my opinion, be desirable that sand
from any quarter would accumulate on the south side of the extremity of the head of the south or light-
house wall, because this would tend to guide the ebb tide in a more direct channel ſrom the entrance,
instead of the present very inconvenient and crooked one. *
With the precautions which Mr. Halpin is now taking of shoeing the mound upon which the lighthouse
stands, with rubble stones finding their proper slope, no danger need be apprehended to that useful edifice.
(Signed) THOMAs TELFord.
To John Cossart, Jºsq. &c. &c.
Ballast-Office.
SIR, Dublin, 20th September, 1822.
A GREEABLE to the request you have made in your several communications to me by the directions of
your Board, I beg you will please to inform them that since my arrival in Dublin I have taken a general
view of the harbour, as well as the new embankment. But before I give my opinion on the subject, I beg
to offer a few remarks upon the bar harbour in general. Bars of harbours are more or less deep according
to the quantity of back water that is discharged out of them. The formation of bars is caused by river and
tide water; they, in their course to the sea, being loaded with alluvial matter, by soil being washed from the
country and dirt from the towns as they proceed to the sea. -
Those waters then receive a sudden check, by striking a large body of sea water at a right angle, which
probably may be motionless, and prevents, in a great degree, the river and harbour waters continuing their
course, and, consequently, the alluvial contents of them must fall to the bottom and form the bar, which is
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 173
DUBLIN.
The work of Dredging the harbour, to deepen it, has recently been carried on by two steam
dredge boats, together with 50 common dredge boats, of which 46 were constantly at work;
23 of the common boats were constantly employed in dredging, the other 23 in taking away
the ballast raised by the steam dredge boats; six other common dredge boats were, at the
time of our Inquiry, in progress of being built.
i. * of the formation of the bar at Dublin, and on that principle every bar in the world is so
OTIIlêOl.
I have said before that bars of harbours are less or more deep, according to the quantity of back water
they contain to keep them down. The sluggishness of the river Liffey, and the shallowness of the harbour,
from the light-house up to the city, both combined, do not produce back water enough to scour away the
bar, and therefore an increase of it is wanted.
This appears to have been foreseen by your Board, by causing the present embankment to be made on the
sand banks from Clontarf shore towards the light-house, and I must confess a bolder measure, or one of
more value to the port of Dublin, could not have been produced, and a measure calculated to give the port
all it wanted, that of deepening the bar; and it is my firm opinion a more judicious plan could not have been
suggested, or better carried into effect, by the able and persevering talents of Mr. George Halpin.
This embankment, I have reason to expect, will, by drawing in the flood tide, be the cause of scouring out
from within it large bodies of mud and sand which will be replaced by water, and will assist in scouring
down the bar. And I think it very likely that the Spit Sand will in time be so washed away as that vessels
will be enabled to anchor and take shelter under the head of the embankment; and whilst this is going on,
the embankment will stop the progress of the sand from moving from the North Bull up the harbour, and
will, at no great distance of time, become good grazing land.
These are the good effects that I make no doubt, will be produced by the embankment.
I beg to recommend that the passage under the bridge of embankment should be kept open, as there is a
channel that runs some distance along shore to the northward that contains much water, and as this water on
the ebb tide runs to the westward and joins the harbour tide, it makes some addition to the back water.
Having given you fully my ideas on the effects of back water, and what I expect will be produced in con-
sequence ef the erection of the embankment, I have now only to say what I think ought to be done.
The information I have received states that the Spit Sand and other sands within the embankment are
reducing, that a new channel on the bar has been found, and with deeper water in it than what the old
channel contained; and it appears that this alteration has been produced since the embankment has been
brought so near the light-house. This being the case, and exactly what it was expected the embankment
would produce, I beg to say, I am fully of opinion, under these circumstances, that no further extension of
the embankment should be made, but wait and see what effect the present extension of it will produce,
before anything else is done, excepting levelling the outward end, by filling up the uneven surface at the
top and sides.
(Signed) John WHIDBEY.
To John Cossart, Esq.
&c. &c.
SIR, North Wall, 15th January, 1833.
CoNFORMABLY to the directions I have received, (having read and considered a published memorial from
Richard Bourne, Esq. to the Lord Lieutenant, requesting the exertion of his Excellency’s influence to inquire
into and forward the project of a ship canal from Dublin to Kingstown harbour,) I have the honour of laying
before you the following brief statement of facts, the consideration of which should not be omitted in forming
any plan having in view the professed object of the proposed ship canal.
I am the more induced to this from a knowledge that various misrepresentations have been made from time
to time concerning the harbour of Dublin, some of them intimating that it has not improved, nay, that it has
deteriorated, and that the various works effected have been fruitless. Previous to pointing out the inaccuracy
of such statements, it may be well briefly to review the progressive changes which have taken place in this
port within the last 30 years.
. Before the year 1800, and for some time afterwards, the bar of Dublin formed a serious obstacle to entering
the river, the course past it was circuitous, shallow, and liable to alteration. The river, which Captain Bligh
describes as “filled up with sand at low water, except a small channel near the wall, irregular in its depth,
and where very few ships can find a place to lie afloat at low water,” was obstructed by banks and shoals;
of these the ford having on it but six feet at the low water of spring tides, crossed the channel between the
Pigeon-house and Poolbeg. Westward of this the river shoaled up to the Green Patch, a bank between the
Pigeon-house and Ringsend, which was of considerable extent, in the direct passage, and had on it but from
18 inches to three feet at the low water of spring tides, forming the greatest hindrance to vessels passing up
the quays, those of sharp build having constantly to wait below it for the spring tides, or unload part of their
cargoes into lighters. The wall from the Pigeon-house to the light-house was, where most exposed, low, and
wanted backing. The quay walls were of rubble masonry in a ruinous state, and requiring a constant heavy
expenditure for repairs. The banks of the river at the quays were uneven, covered with quantities of stone
and shingle, and ill adapted for the grounding of vessels. w
To facilitate the transactions of commerce and improve the city, the old quays were taken down and the
present built. To those who have seen the former it is unnecessary to state how great was this improvement.
The corporation for improving the port, after collecting all the necessary information, and obtaining the
advice of the most eminent scientific and practical men of that day, determined on the erection of the Great
North Wall. This work was commenced in 1820. It was a S. S. E. direction from the Clontarf shore towards
the Poolbeg light-house, forming a pier of better than a mile and a half in length. By this it was purposed
to confine the tide of ebb and direct it on the bar. As its primary effects and increasing depth over the bar
were found to take place in the line of the present channel, and where, when the wall was commenced, there
was a depth of only from five to seven feet, it subsequently increased to seven and nine feet. There was also
a diminution of the breadth of the bar: this progressive deepening has continued up to the present day, inso:
much that there is now a channel across the site of the bar, which in its shoalest part has from 11 to 12
feet depth at the low water of spring tides, and an average depth of 14 feet throughout its length, having
directness, depth, and breadth, which were all wanting in the former southern channel. An inspection of the
charts made at the periods alluded to will more fully show this important change. &
This course of improvement was not, in the mean time, confined to the bar; the depth has been consi-
derably increased throughout the whole river channel from Poolbeg to the city quays. In Poolbeg anchorage,
which is now much better sheltered by the raising and proper backing of the light-house wall, and con-
struction of the Great North Wall, there is an average depth of 14 feet at the low water of spring tides. The
Ford Bank has been dredged away—the channel deepened and straightened up to the Pigeon-house, and
thence to the Green Patch Bank, which has nearly been cut through by one dredging machine, and the
lighters now working on it. The additional steam dredge which has been built, and will shortly be ready,
will expedite this improvement. By excavating with these dredges there will be a passage through the whole
length of the Patch Bank this spring, and a channel made from the Pigeon-house to the North Wall, having
seven feet as its least depth at the low water of spring tides, and 150 feet at its width. Even now the greater
portion of the vessels trading to Dublin can, at high water of the poorest neap tides, pass up % river, the
M. C. I.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Dredging.
DUBLIN.
174 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Dredging machines (steam dredging vessels) are stated to have been in use (as at Glasgow,
where they deepened the river four feet) for more than 12 years; they were not applied in the
river at Dublin until within two years before our Inquiry. Before the use of these we were
informed no instruments were employed for deepening except the ballast lighters, which, for
improved state of which is evinced by the larger class of vessels which enter it, by the infrequency of acci-
dents, and the discontinuance of the use of merchant lighters, which were formerly indispensable. With the
present machinery a channel eight feet deep at the low water of spring tides, would be carried up to Carlisle
Bridge in a few years. The steam packets are, however, at present in some measure water-borne at their
berths near the quays (at low water). Of the little injury sustained in this way the public have had a
strong instance in the Thames, London steam trader, lately coppered on the Ballast Office Graving Slip, the
keel, bottom, and old copper of which were unbroken, in good preservation for the time they had been used,
and had received no injury from a six years' trade between this port and London that would not have been
incurred in a deep water harbour.
Along the quays the banks have been greatly lowered and levelled, and all stones and inequalities
removed.
The graving slip was finished last year; it is capable of taking up steam vessels of the largest class, which
cannot be repaired elsewhere in Dublin. Since its completion it has been generally occupied by vessels of
from 300 to 500 tons’ burthen, and is likely to prove most useful to the port.
But it is now asserted by some, that this progress of improvement avails nothing, and cannot eventually
produce adequate convenience for the wants and interests of the commerce of this city, and that, abandoning
all that has been done, a more expeditious plan should be followed—that a ship canal should be formed from
Dublin to Kingstown. I say, abandoming all that has been done, for there is little doubt that Captain Bligh
predicated truly in writing—“I impress it strongly as a principle, that a canal and the Liffey would destroy
each other, as both would be too expensive to keep up, and the general bias would at last go in favour of the
latter.” This talented officer was appointed by Government to survey Dublin bay, and suggest plans for
the improvement of the harbour, of which he necessarily acquired a thorough knowledge. Whether his
assertion as to the probable determination of public opinion, be correct or not, the abandonment either of
the river or canal would not the less take place. -
As a reason for undertaking some such plan as the proposed canal, it has been urged, that no expenditure
can render the Liffey navigable at low water up to the quays. Even admitting this assertion, the objection
will appear frivolous, when it is considered that the harbour of almost every commercial port in Great Britain
is tidal, that is, can be mavigated by vessels of a large class only at or near high water. The commerce of
Liverpool is carried through a dangerous channel, which cannot be passed at low water. This is also the
case at London, Bristol, &c., the access to many of which is more difficult than to Dublin.
Some of the proposers of a ship canal to Kingstown Harbour have an opinion, that on its being made, the
necessity for dredging would cease. This would not follow. The mud and sands brought down by the
Liffey in floods are at present partly deposited on the banks and strand, but would be confined to the canal,
if connected with the river. Should it not be connected with the river, the custom-house docks and ware-
houses, and the warehouses of the different steam companies on the north side, should be virtually relim-
quished, and other exceptionable consequences follow.
Several projects for a ship canal from Dublin to the deep water in the bay have at various times been
put forward—among which was a recent one by the late Mr. Killaly. . Its defects were pointed out by Mr.
Nimmo, in a report submitted by him to the Chamber of Commerce in 1831. The latter also gave a plan,
the expense of which was hastily estimated at £500,000. A knowledge of the localities will show any pro-
fessional man the utter inadequacy of this sum to execute so extensive a project.
But when it is considered what has been effected, within a few years, for the harbour, with comparatively
slight means,—the raising of the lighthouse wall,—the building of the Great North Wall,—the quays, the
new graving slip, the forming a good channel north of the bar, deepening the river through its whole length,
lowering and clearing the river banks,—it may be confidently expected that the progress of the present
operations, principally of the river excavation, would in a few years effect a great improvement in the port,
and deepen the river channel, so as to give a greater depth at high water than it is proposed to maintain in
the canal, and a sufficient depth at low water to keep vessels afloat or water-borne, having a much greater
breadth than could be given to a canal, and which would not cause a greater expense in keeping open than
does the present channel.
I abstain from any observations on the mis-statements which have been made of the revenues and expen-
diture of the port, leaving this duty to the department to which it more directly attaches. *
I trust these remarks will be viewed in the light they are offered, not as intended to decry the merit of any
project having so praiseworthy an object as the benefit of the commerce of this city, but solely in the hope
they may prevent erroneous impressions being formed from interested or careless statements, and contribute
to induce due inquiry and consideration, before it is contemplated to abandon the experienced advantages of
the present operations, consistently pursued.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient humble Servant,
John Cossart, Esq. (Signed) GEORGE HALPIN.
&c. &c. i *
SIR, North Wall, 7th March, 1833.
CoNFORMABLY to the directions of the board of the 1st instant, I have read the memorial from the London
and Dublin Steam Marine Company to the Lords of his Majesty’s Treasury, complaining of the state of the
river Liffey channel, and suggesting that a ship canal to Kingstown harbour should be substituted for the
present river navigation. Thereon I have the honour to submit the following additional observations,
referring to my report of the 15th January, made by order of the Board, in consequence of a memorial to his
Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, from Richard Bourne, Esq.
In that report I noted the former state of the river—its present condition—the works proposed—and the
well-grounded hope of their effecting a further considerable increase of depth throughout the river. To this
great object of increasing the depth of the channel, so as to keep pace with the important improvement in
the depth of water on the bar, noticed in my former report, the corporation have been lately enabled to extend
their principal attention, in consequence of the completion of the Great North Wall, of the extensive works
for the improvement of the quays, and of the new graving slip.
In the memorial it is stated that the channel now being cut between the Pigeon-house and the North Wall,
is rather injurious than serviceable. This is certainly a mistaken assertion, and cannot be borne out by an
examination either of the bed of the river or of the state of the steam and other vessels frequenting the port.
The limits of the excavation have been most carefully buoyed, and, with ordinary precaution, there is no
reason to apprehend the taking place of accidents by vessels grounding on its edge: improvements of a
similar nature necessarily for a time present some inconvenience. Of vessels being in any degree strained or
injured there have been very few instances, nor can I discover grounds for the assertion set forth in the
memorial, “that several vessels have been either overset or sunk in the excavation.” Ships passing too late
on the tide, or incautiously stretching their tacks too far on the banks running north and south of the buoyed
channel, may be thus left aground at low water.
|
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 175
DUBLIN.
some years, were armed with buckets for lifting the sand; in the accounts, however, we find
the “Patrick Steam Dredging Wessel” charged for from the year 1813 to the year 1829.
Until within the last four years the dredging in this harbour had been generally with a view
to the raising of ballast, and very little was done in the way of deepening the channel; but a
With respect to the small bank referred to in the affidavit annexed to the memorial, it was laid down on
the lithograph, published by the Board, giving a comparative view of the bar channel, in the years 1800, 1818,
and 1831—a few of the unfinished proof impressions, not intended for circulation, did not show this shoal.
The smallness of the scale on which the plan was printed, doubtless caused Captain Head to overlook its
actual insertion in its true position and extent. It has been well known to the pilots, and occasionally marked
by buoys, but as they were constantly carried away, and from the extreme narrowness and softness of the
bank, no injury having ever been sustained, it was deemed unnecessary to continue the buoys. The shoal
is a small ridge, very narrow on top, falling rapidly on both sides, and the depth on it has continued nearly
the same for the last three years—it lies from Poolbeg light-house N.N.W. distant 360 feet, and from the
Great North Wall distant 800 feet; the channel north of it, which is that generally used, has a depth of 16 feet
and upwards at the low water of spring tides, and the south channel a depth of 12 feet and better, both suffi-
ciently wide to admit of any vessel working into the harbour.
In the report before referred to, I have considered how far the present river navigation is capable of such
improvement as would render it a suitable passage for the commerce of the city, whether a ship canal be
necessary, and how far the various estimates for such a project would be adequate for its completion.
A survey has been making of the channel between the Pigeon-house and the North Wall; the weather has
prevented its being carried as yet sufficiently into detail; it will, however, in some measure, serve to show
what has been done, and what still remains to be performed.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your very obedient Servant,
John Cossart, Esq. * (Signed) GEORGE HALPIN.
&c. &c.
SIR, ſ Ballast Office, Dublin, 5th March, 1833.
As directed, we have read the paragraph extracted from the memorial to the Lords of his Majesty's Trea-
sury, from the London and Dublin Steam Marine Company, and beg leave to report to the Board—
That it is our opinion, that the excavation now making, to deepen the channel between the Pigeon-house
and North Wall Point, has by no means rendered the passage more difficult or dangerous ; on the contrary,
we think it a great improvement, it giving a deep waterway for its length, and may be used for vessels to
anchor im, when too late on the tide to pass up to the docks or quays, and as it is regularly buoyed, can cause
little danger to vessels, where proper care is taken.
We are not aware of the accidents said to have taken place, viz. that a vessel grounded during the night
and fell over on her beam-ends into one of these excavations, on which a brig belonging to Youghal, and a
Scotch vessel, having struck, were sunk. We have made inquiry of the pilots, and of the masters of several
colliers, but could not learn that any such accidents have occurred ; and it is not probable they could have
happened without our knowledge, nor have we heard of any accidents of a like nature.
Vessels passing without a pilot or experienced person on board, may, now and then, ground unevenly,
owing to the dredging work being, as yet, unfinished; but it must result from ignorance of the channel, or
carelessness on the part of those on board. We are not aware of any vessel having thus been seriously injured.
The steam vessels of the memorialists may sometimes have taken the ground when the deepest channel has
been filled by other vessels, but we cannot learn that they have in any case suffered serious injury from the
inequalities of the dredging holes. * -
We are, Sir,
Your very obedient Servants,
(Signed) J. GRANTHAM, Pilot Master,
THOMAs PHEPOE, Harbour Master.
John Cossart, Esq. ALEXANDER DONAL, Harbour Master.
&c. &c.
SIR Ballast Office, Dublin, March 11, 1833.
HAVING laid before this Board your letter of 21st ultimo, transmitting a memorial of the directors of the
London and Dublin Steam Marine Company on the subject of the navigation of the river Liffey, and the
expediency of making a ship canal from Kingstown, and requesting that a report should be given by this
Board on the allegations therein, for the purpose of being laid before the Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's
Treasury:
I am ordered to state to you in reply, that the Board is happy to have this opportunity of laying the required
information before their Lordships, and of offering an assurance of their readiness to add any other detail
which may be deemed useful. They have at all times felt it incumbent on them, and particularly so at
present, to satisfy his Majesty's Government, as well as the public at large, that the duty confided to them
has been performed with the utmost vigilance and fidelity, and with the aid of the most eminent skill they could
r0CUll’e.
p The subject matter of the memorial has been very lately under their consideration—a similar one having
been presented to his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, and its allegations and the plan of a ship canal having
been very fully discussed at a meeting of the council of the Chamber of Commerce of Dublin, held for that
purpose, and the inspector of works having been on that occasion directed to draw up a comparative report
of the state of this harbour, as formerly and at present circumstanced, which, it is conceived, gives much of
the information required for their Lordships. I now have the honour to inclose a copy. I also beg to inclose
a copy of a report made by the inspector of works, subsequently to the receipt of your letter, together with
one from the pilot and harbour masters, relative to the accidents to vessels alleged by the memorialists, and I
am, to request you will submit these documents to their Lordships. g
A reference to them will show what has been, even within the recollection of almost every one, the miserable
condition of the port of Dublin—its dangerous bar, passable only at top of tide—the insecure and limited
anchorage within, where vessels of any material size were obliged to be lightened before they could attempt the
marrow and shoally channel, through which the unsafe lying in the river and its ruinous places of discharge
were to be reached, and their Lordships will afterwards find what has been already effected in the removal of
those evils, so destructive to life and property, and so discouraging to trade. By the means of the Great North
Wall, a deep and direct channel is now formed across the bar, having water capable of floating a class of
vessels formerly unseen in this port. The anchorage within is extended, and safe for shipping, should it be
requisite, after their arrival, to delay their progress to the place of discharge. The various shoals are to a
considerable extent removed, and every remaining obstacle is daily decreasing, either through the accelerated
force of tide, or the application of powerful steam dredges in addition to the ballast lighters. The new quay
walls now afford good moorings and commodious places for unloading and taking in cargoes, and the ine-
qualities and dangerous matters which occur in the bed of the river, particularly after floods, are carefully
removed. A patent graving slip, for the repairs of the large-sized steam and sailing vessels which now
frequent the port, was provided at the earnest solicitation of the merchants and ship-owners, so soon as it was
A.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
DUBLIN.
176 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
progressive improvement has been effected within that time. On the Green Patch, which was
one of the greatest impediments, and where there was only from 1 ft. 6 in. to 2 ft. at low
water, there is now generally, according to the Inspector of Works, from 9 ft. to 12 ft.
From the end of the North Wall to the Pigeon-house he says a deepening has been
effected in the same period from 3 ft. or 4 ft., which was the depth, to 13 ft. or 14 ft. at low
water, and he expected in another year to have a channel from the Pigeon-house to the
extremity of the North Wall of from 150 ft. to 200 ft. in breadth, and from 10 ft. to 12 ft. deep
at low water in the shallowest part, and, when that was completed, to deepen a part between
the Pigeon-house and the Light-house across what is called the Ford; the depth there at low
water being from 8 ft. to 9 ft., to be deepened to 12 ft., the standard of the present operations.
The tide rises at an average spring tide 12 ft., and at an average neap tide 10 ft. at the point
of the North Wall.
But the depth is still insufficient for vessels of the larger class. The captain of the William
Fawcett, steamer, one of the largest draught of water of any vessel coming to the harbour, draw-
manifest that such an accommodation would not be constructed by individual means; and at the present
moment the most energetic measures are taking to keep equal pace at every point, and to complete a further
deepening of the channel, so as to afford an uninterrupted course, at any time of tide, for the great majority
of vessels now trading to the port. &
The memorialists allege that the works carried on by this corporation “have failed to realize expectation.”
How far their expectation extended is not stated; and the Board, therefore, are unable to admit or deny that
fact. But this summary of existing evils, which, considering the avowed object, must be assumed to be the
whole case that can be made out, is so short of those formidable omes which at no distant period caused a
waste of life and property and paralyzed enterprise, and are now so happily mitigated if not altogether removed,
that the Board cannot discover in the memorial sufficient grounds for abandoming the port of Dublin, and
adventuring public money in the speculation of a ship canal. In this opinion they feel warranted by the
judgment of every experienced ship-owner and merchant they have been able to consult, and that of the intel-
ligent engineers that have been hitherto called in.
Supposing funds were obtained to construct this canal, and that it was completed, (the practicability of
each being very questionable,) but a very small number of vessels would be likely to avail themselves of the
canal; the London and Dublin Steam Company's vessels would certainly be suited to use it, but they make
a very small portion of the steam and sailing vessels to whom the present river navigation is far preferable,
and from whom no complaint has as yet been heard of.
Their Lordships will observe that the Board have had an investigation made of the accidents alleged to
have taken place: though great doubts exist as to their “frequency,” which would not, it is conceived, as
the memorialists affirm, on that account “cease to attract attention,” it is to be regretted that accidents will
be possible, through carelessness, in the very progress of improvements; and notwithstanding the persons
employed have used every precaution within human foresight. The Board wish that their Lordships shall have
their respectful assurance that the utmost pains are taken to call the attention of masters of vessels and that
of the pilots to the warning buoys, and also that every exertion is making to finish those parts of the exca-
vations in the channel which are likely to be the means of injury.
I have now to express the confident hope of this Board, that, in fulfilling your request, the foregoing obser-
vations will, at the same time, serve to evince to their Lordships the zeal which is felt in this corporation to
promote the improvement of the port of Dublin, and to bring before their view how much has been already
successfully executed, and the encouraging prospect in a consistent and vigorous prosecution of the present
IIlêa.SUlrCS.
I have the honour to be,
&c. &c.
Right Hon. T. S. Rice, - (Signed) John Coss ART, Sec.
&c. &c. -
SIR, Salisbury-street, Strand, London, 30th September, 1833.
AGREEABLY to the instructions which I received from the Ballast Office, on the 30th ultimo, to make more
particular surveys than I was able to do, in June last, of the channel from Dublin light-house to Poolbeg, I
have taken exact soundings of it, and compared them with my soundings of 1818 and 1819, from which I find
the following results:—
First, that the depth of the above channel is generally increased, particularly in the middle and upon the
north side of it. -
Secondly, that the North Spit “Sand-bank,” which had long existed on the north side of the above channel,
and was still there in 1818 and 1819, is now washed away, and from five to seven feet depth below my datum
of low water spring tides created in its place, while the navigable width for vessels working into and out of the
harbour between Dublin light-house and Poolbeg is thereby extended about 150 yards. .
Thirdly, that the small sand-bank, which was lately formed on the north-west side of Dublin light-house,
called the “Mumbles,” has not only been removed, but the soundings at that place have also been deepened
from one to two feet below their former depths in 1818 and 1819. This latter improvement has been wholly
effected by the engine dredging barges.
The “Mumbles Bank" consisted of clean coarse sand, and was formed during the construction of the Great
North Wall, apparently by a lodgment of the heaviest particles of sand from the North Spit while that bank
was in progress of being washed away by the strong tidal scour which the Great North Wall had occasioned,
and as this scour must continue so as to prevent the return of the North Spit, the Mumbles Bank is in conse-
quence not likely to be formed again.
The additional depth obtained at the entrance of Dublin harbour, the dispersion of the North Spit Sand-
bank,--the deepening of the sea bar, which was ascertained by me in June last to be from four to five feet
lower than it was in 1818 and 1819, together with the sheltering of the harbour and the prevention of sand
passing from the North Bullinto the harbour, are improvements entirely arising from the establishment of the
Great North Wall; and although the formation of the Mumbles Bank was a temporary consequence of that
work, yet this is now quite removed and is unlikely to return. The utility of the Great North Wall, as pro-
posed by Mr. Halpin and myself, in our joint report upon it, dated 6th May, 1819, is therefore abundantly
proved, and affords a strong encouragement to continue the work of deepening the interior of the harbour by
the engine dredging barges belonging to the Ballast Board, the efficiency of which having been so fully mani-
fested, I feel no doubt of their power to deepen the channel between Poolbeg and Carlisle bridge, as far as
the general navigation to and from Dublin can require, and in the first instance I recommend that the
ºns work be applied unremittingly, when weather will permit, in improving the channel over the Green
atch.
I remain, Sir,
Your very obedient Servant,
John Cossart, Esq., (Signed) FRANCIS GILEs.
Secretary to the Ballast Office Board of Dublin.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 177
DUBLIN.
ing 13 ft. of water, stated that he found it impossible to come up the river at neap tides. The
captain of the Royal Tar stated that its draught had been limited to 13 ft. 4 in. from a considera-
tion that it would not be safe for a vessel drawing more water to navigate the river at ordinary
times. * - +. #
The new channel, which is to the northward of the old, is considered a dangerous place for
a vessel to take the ground, owing to the bottom being uneven : this seems to have arisen
from not sufficiently shifting the dredging vessel, and from a difficulty in at all deepening a
channel by means of these machines without making unequal excavations in the bottom. The
William Fawcett, steamer, suffered from these inequalities, she having been strained. In the
harbour of Glasgow the inequalities were removed by dredging in the same place over and
over again. At the time of our Inquiry they were stated to exist principally along the place
called the Green Patch for the length of a mile or better, and extending in breadth across the
whole width of the new channel.
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
The banks having a tendency to forming again, continued dredging will be requisite to
preserve the channel open.
The first steam dredging barge cost in 1830, 1831, 1832, £6,803 6s. 11d. ; the first cost .
of the second barge is stated at £5,000.
There are two places in the river where either part of the old walls or some other hard
substance lies at the bottom, one opposite Burgh Quay, the other opposite the King's Yard
on the North Wall; it is said that it might endanger the foundations of the quay to remove
them, but no effort had been made, nor had the Inspector of Works even ascertained the
nature of the obstruction, although much complained of. When there is a fresh in the water,
and the mud is washed off, vessels have been injured at these points, and their cargoes
damaged. If these nuisances cannot be removed, it is considered the harbour-masters ought
at least to have them buoyed, or marked, and to warn vessels off from them.
Several witnesses deposed that within their recollection nothing had been dome to improve
the state of the river between Carlisle-bridge and Ringsend, and that many vessels had been
injured in consequence of the neglected state of the channel there. The Inspector of
Works also stated that this part of the river (in which principally vessels resorting to the port
are moored) had been left untouched; not dredged or deepened generally, though from time
to time obstructions had been removed by the steam-barges. -
It is admitted by the Inspector of the Ballast-office Works that, if the entrance to the Grand
Canal Docks was direct from the river, they might be made more available to the trade of
Dublin. At present there is always an accumulation of filth at the entrance, and he says it
must be so from its position, being just where the river recedes, but that this would not be the
case if the entrance to the docks was direct through the South Quay Wall, which, he thinks,
could be effected at a moderate expense; and if the entrance were good, they are undoubtedly
well circumstanced for the trade of Dublin. - -
The Grand Canal Company were said to have contemplated the erection of a slip at their
docks; but he considered it could not be done there without further deepening the 㺠and
the approaches to them. The bed of the river opposite the Ballast-office slip has been deep-
ened very considerably. '.
For dredging the river opposite the Grand Canal Docks a charge has been made against
the company of proprietors of that canal; the reason alleged for this is “ that the Board do
not consider it part of the navigation of the river.”
A Graving Slip for the Ballast-office lighters was erected in 1826, 1827, at a cost of
fº,061. 11s. 7d. »
The public graving slip cost in 1830, 1831, 1832, £14,455.6s. 4d. Including 1833, the
total expenditure on it was £15,232.4s. 3d. ; the receipts, since its completion, £454. 17s. 4d.
The site of the slip, and some lots adjoining, on which they have enclosed two store-yards,
was purchased from the corporation of Dublin, by the ballast corporation, by inquisition.
The patent slip was erected on the plan of the patent of Mr. Morton, and the metals of the
slip were laid down by him. It is considered to be well erected and to answer the intended
purposes effectually, and of great benefit to the port.
A separate account has been kept of the income and expenditure of the slip, and it has
hitherto paid the annual expenditure (not including the interest of capital). Vessels of 800
tons burthen can be repaired on it; 440 tons burthen is, however, the largest register coming
to the port. Previously to its erection steam or other vessels of a large class could not be
repaired at Dublin. Three vessels can be on the slip together.
The charges for quayage are kept partly under the general port account, and partly under a
separate account (as prescribed by the statute we have mentioned), called the West Quay
Wall Account. - -
In the port account the receipts and disbursements for quayage in 1832 were as follow —
tº e £. s. d. E. s. d.
Receipts, from 37,270 tons (foreign vessels) at 2d. per ton 2,023 17 6
,, . 451,663 , (other vessels) at la: ,,
35 duty on timber, staves, stones, &c. . . . . 433 19 3
. . - . 2,457 16 9
2.5 tax on north side . . . . . . . 29I 8 8
55 , South side . . . . . . . . .381 5 3
— 672 13 II
Carried forward . . f.3,130 10 8
Graving Slips.
Quays.
DUBLIN 178 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
^
rººs. - - . Brought forward . . . . . . . £3,130 10 8
- Expenditure on North Quay Wall . . . . . . . £404 12 10 -
- 25 Pigeon-house Wall. . . . . . . 18 12 3
3.5 South Quay Wall . . . . . . . 31 19 3
* — 455 4 4
There was besides a sum of £29. 2s. 11d. received for the committee of proprietors of the
North Lots, but not handed over to them within the year: no actual revenue arises from that.
In the West Quay Wall account:— º
- f'. s. d.
£. s. d.
Receipts by tax . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 12 |
Expenditure on the works: gabbardmen . . . . . 274 7 5
35 workmen . . . . . . 793 19 4
5.5 bridges . . . . . . 94 15 6
33 materials . . . . . . 35 9 9 .
J — 1,198 12 0
32 salaries . . . . . . . . . . . 100 14 6
Total expenditure . . . . . . £1,299 6 6
The amounts of the annual assessments upon the North and South Lots, and upon the
premises in front of the quays, are as follow:— -
Irish Currency.
ity. S. . £. s. d.
On 134 acre lots . . . . . . . . . . . 211 10 0
On 132 foot lots . . . . . . . . . . . 334 0 0
On Eden Quay . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 16 9
— 604 6 9
Aston's Quay to Benson-street, Benson-street to º 530 11 9
corner, with £40 on interior adjoining Artichoke-road. ſ
- 530 11 9
- 1,134 18 6
The assessment for the West Quay Walls . . . . . . . . . 820 0 0
Total . . . . . f. 1,954 18 , 6
On some of the premises assessed we found very considerable arrears accumulated, and
allowed to continue : thus—
f. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Kent's lot, arrears on 24th June, 1832 . . . 201 10 0
35 then accrued . . . . 6 10 0
208 O 0
Paid for the current year . . . . . 6 10 0
Arrear . . . . . . . . . 20I 10 0
Robert Harty and Davis's lot, arrear for 17 years 110 10 0 A
5 5 for current year . 6 10 0 *
— 117 0 0
Paid for the current year . . . . . 6 10 o
- Arrear . . . . . . . . . . 110 10 0
Another lot similarly circumstanced . . . . . . . . . . 110 10 0
It was complained to us that the taxes had, in some cases, been allowed to run in arrear for
years, and had them been levied as continuing charges upon some occupier coming into pos-
session long after the arrear had accrued. In one case an arrear of 21 years was in existence.
In the above case of Harty and Davis's lot an old arrear is allowed to remain on the pre-
mises; the Commissioners of Paving, who recently obtained the possession, pay only the accru-
ing gales of the tax. The suspension of the arrears was obtained upon a negotiation and
interview with Alderman Harty, one of the parties concerned; the precise ground of this
proceeding is not stated on the minutes of the Board.
The expenditure in the port account upon the various quay walls, &c., has amounted, within
20 years, to about £90,000; but no accurate result can be deduced from the accounts.
According to them the cost of the North Wall reached from £50,000 to £60,000 within the
last 20 years, but the real expense of building the quay wall could not have been anything
like that. The apparent amount of the charge arose from this, that the expenses of dredging
in the harbour were for years charged under the head “North Wall” in the accounts, on the
ground that the stuff raised by dredging was required for backing the North Wall and filling
the quay.
Thus the charges were entered:— HARBOUR. NORTH WALL.
£. s. d. . S. d.
In 1828 . . . . I80 14 0 6,547 12 6
1829 . . . . 188 19 2 5,989 3 9
1830 . . . . 5,783 13 10 756 10 3
1831 . . . . 5,694 19 9 661 15 2
1832 . . . . 7,469 11 10 404 12 10
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 179
DUBLIN.
The entire of the ancient quay walls have been thrown down and re-constructed, extending
five miles and a half in length. The principal part of the work has been executed since the
year 1800. - • • tº
These quayage taxes, as well those on the tonnage of shipping, those on timber, stone,
&c., as those on the adjoining proprietors, are considered unjust.
The tonnage quay tax upon foreign vessels being double that imposed upon coasters is con-
sidered a grievance operating prejudicially to the trade of the city; for the greater part of the
foreign traders go into the docks and do not use the quays, and consequently are subjected to
the impost without any benefit. - -
The duties on timber, stones, &c., are a good deal complained of. They are, in fact, a tax
raised off one or two branches of trade. -
The tax-payers state, also, that from the length of time during which the tax has been col-
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
lected, the expense of building the quay-walls must have been paid for ; that from the sub-
stantial manner in which they are built, no considerable repairs can be required for many
ears to come. The owners and occupiers of the ground complain, further, that they have
}. dispossessed, under the Ballast Office Acts, of any exclusive right they had to the quay-
walls, as their rights of slippage, and putting up posts for vessels to moor to, for which they
were paid; and that the quays being now, as it were, the common property of the citizens of
Dublin, the high road running between the grounds of the tax-payers and the quay-walls, and
being open for the common advantage of all persons to ship or land goods, the rate ought not
any longer to be levied upon their premises exclusively.
The old harbour of Dunleary, which lies with the great Asylum Harbour of Kingstown,
remains under the control of the Ballast Board, who receive the duties on vessels there, and
make some repairs.
For Dunleary harbour the receipts and expenditure, in 1832, were: £. s. d.
The receipts; on 86 vessels (colliers) for tonnage, quayage, and ballast . 527 2 1
The expenditure; entirely for ballast supplied there . . . . . . 190 5 8
Profit . . . . . . £336 16 5
The receipts not above specified were, in 1832:. *
. £. s. d.
Rents receivable . S. . . . . . 123 15 9
Interest of sinking fund . . . . . 106 2 7
Fines . . . . . . . . . . II, l 4
Casual receipts . . . . . . . 42 6 10
e #383 6 6.
For expenditure not above-specified: -
£. s. d.
Interest on ballast-office loan . . . 3,518 12 10
Sinking fund . . . . . . . . 361 2 7
Discount on bills payable . . . . 321 7 9 :
*====º #4,201 3 2
House and concerns at Bullock . . . 27 11 0
Rents . . . . . . . . . . 335 0 9
Life-boats . . . . . . . . . 92 3 8
Ballast-office house . . . . . . 362 10 7
Incidents . . . . . . . . . . 139 7 2
Pensions and charities . . . . . 472 17 2
Printing and stationery . . . . . 155 16 10
Premiums and rewards . . . . . 35 5 4
Stamps . . . . . . . . . 59 || 0
Superannuated allowances . . . . 6 5 0
Salaries . . . . . . . . . 1,496 0 4
—£3,202 8 10 -
f7,403 12 0.
The Rents, amounting to £123. 15s. 9d., arise from a profit on premises in Cope-street,
formerly taken to build a ballast-office, but abandoned as an inconvenient situation.
The Fines are imposed on masters of vessels, &c., for breaches of the ballast-office laws;
they are imposed by the Board, upon summoning of the parties, and trial, the statutes giving
them this jurisdiction.
They appoint an inspector of nuisances, whose duty it is to report on nuisances on the
quays; he gets half the fine.
We have already noticed the receipts of the Ballast Corporation, in trust for the committee of
the Proprietors of the North Lots.
Dunleary Harbour.
Miscellaneous.
Rents.
Fines.
Proprietors of
North Lots.
Th9 ballast-master stated to us that the duties collected at Balbriggan Harbour are payable, Balbriggan Har-
under an Act of Parliament, to the “Hamilton family,” which we have not been able to bour.
trace; that they are the same dues as collected in the port of Dublin; and that by the Act
they are received by a custom-house officer at Balbriggan, and by him handed over to the
j. Board, who, again, pay them to Mr. Hamilton, to be expended on the pier, under their
control. The Ballast Corporation have no profit on the transaction; sometime back there was
an annual survey of the pier by the inspector of works, the ballast-master, and pilot-master;
but there had been nome for some years before our |...}.
The state of the Port Account for the year ended 5th January, 1833, which we examined, Audited Port Ac-
as audited by the Commissioners of Public Accounts, was this:—
counts,
DUBLIN.
180 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Light-houses and
Light-ships,
£. S. d.
The total real receipts for the year appeared as . . . 29,307 9 11
The disbursements . . . . . . . . . 29,786 9 2
Excess . . . . . . 478 19 3
The balance “to the credit of the public” at the com- -
997 12 11
mencement of the year was . . . . . . .
At the conclusion of the year . . . 3,662 14 8
This apparent increased credit was the result of the following dealings:
The Board discounted, at the Bank of Ireland, fictitious bills between º fºl& 000 o 0
secretary and the ballast-master to the extent of . . . . . 2
Of these they repaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000 0 0
Balance, for bills discounted . . . . f:3,000 0 0
They also borrowed from Mr. William Peter Lunell, º £5,000 0 0
member of the Board, from 11th September, 1832 . 3.
Ditto ditto from 28th August, 1832 . . 3,000 0 0 -
- tºº 8,000 0 0
Total borrowed . . . . . . . . £11,000 0 0
They repaid to the light-house account, “borrowed” in 1830 2,436 10 2
Ditto ditto ditto 1831 3,259 0 1
5,695 IO 3
They lent to the light-house account . . . . . . . . . . 2,160 8 9
O
*=s
7,855 19
And the accounts are thus reconciled:
Balance at the commencement of the year tº gº tº gº © tº º 997 12 11
Borrowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,000 0 0
Repaid and lent . . . . . . . . . . . 7,855 19 O
- 3,144 1 0
4,141 13 11
Excess of disbursements beyond receipts. . . . . . . . . . 478 19 3
Balance at the close of the year . . . . . . #23,662 14 8.
This balance was composed as follows:
Cash to port account in Bank . . . . . . . . 2,665 l 9
Ditto ballast-master . . . . . . . . 438 19 3 .
- e — 3,104 1 0
Henry Harrison . . . . . . . . . . . 124 17 6
John Dyas . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 15 5
235 12 II
Pilotage paid for Commissioners of the Navy . . . 57 6 8
Salvage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O II 2
& 57 17 10
Disallowances in 1829 . . . . . . . . . . 265 2 5
Ditto 1830 . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 6
265 2 11
f3,662. 14 8
The claims in respect of Harrison and Dyas were stated to be old disallowances, and alto-
gether desperate. The 51 Geo. III. c. 66, s. 15, states, that in these accounts certain sums
remained in charge for insupers, or charges formerly disallowed ; and also certain sums which
appeared to be debts due to the corporation, but which, from the nature of them, could not be
recovered; and to simplify the accounts the Commissioners of the Treasury were empowered
to direct those sums to be struck out of the accounts. *
Upon the disallowance in 1829 we found the following report of the imprest commissioners
on the account for the year ended 5th January, 1830: .
“We have disallowed on this account £263. 2s. 5d., a charge for law costs, being expenses
for soliciting a bill in Parliament in the year 1821, and which bill was not passed into a law;
because no previous communication was proved to us to have been held with the executive
Government on the subject, and we do not recognize a discretion in a local board, without its
sanction, to incur such an expenditure.
“ (Signed) DoNAGH O'BRIEN, Secretary.”
No steps whatever appear to have been taken to make this disallowance available to the
ublic: the commissioners have continued it in their accounts from wear to vear.
5
The receipts and disbursements of the Light-house Fund in the year ended 5th January,
1833, were as follow :
RECEIPTs.
£. s. d. É. s, d.
By light-house duties from British ports . . . . . . 28,932 12 10
Ditto ditto Irish ports . . . . . . 10,350 9 6 *
Carried forward . . 39,283 2 4
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 181
DUBLIN.
- £. s. d.
Brought forward . . 39,283 2 4
By rents receivable . . . . . . . . . £22 10 0
By casual receipts . . . . . . . . . . . 384 2 3
- 406 12 3
£39,689 14 7
ExPENDITURE. 2
Disbursements on 40 lighthouses, viz.
BUILDINGS.–Five lighthouses in building.
- f. s. d.
Eagle Island . . . . . 5,453 19 11
Larne * * º ºſ e tº 287 19 8
Slyne Head . . . . . 4,367 4 0
Sligo . . . . . . . 440 4 7
Tarbert . . . . . . 627 1 5
— 11,176 9 7
Eleven lighthouses, building, repairing, &c.
Cape Clear . . . . . 68
Clare Island . . . . . 324 1 7
Cork . . . . . . . 1,588 16 0
Hook Tower . . . . . 86 1 4 3
Tory . . . . . . . 5,396 12 11
Innisgort . . . . . . 163 6 10
Innistrahul . . . . . 175 10 11
Killibegs . . . . . . 1,413 16 11
Maiden Rocks, two lighthouses 939 0 l
Poolbeg . . . . . . 412 8 S
11,180 12 6
22,357 2 1
Ordinary expenditure on 35 . -
lighthouses, including the
11 last-mentioned and 24 . . . . . . . . 11,639 19 6
others . . 33,997 || 7
Disbursements on supply" lighthouse store-delivering vessel:
Building and outfit . . . . . . . . fº,861 5 5
Ordinary expenditure (part of the year only) 372 19 9
3,234 5 2
Disbursements on light-ships: *
Building and outfit of “Brilliant” . . . 3,648 lb 1
Ordinary charge:
“Relief,” Kish Bank . . fºl,085 11 2
“Star,” Arklow Bank . . 938 14 5
“Seagull,” Connybeg Rock 1,225 17 1
- 3,250 2 8
— 6,898 17 9
Light-ships discontinued . . . . . . . . . . I00 I5 I
— 10,233 18 0
Disbursements on beacons . . . . . . . . . . 308 I 9
Ditto printing, &c. incidents, and oil-store . . 1,526 3 3
Ditto - pensions, charities, and Superannuations . 176 16 4
Ditto salaries . . . . . . . . . . 1,706 9 10
— 3,717 Il 2
Total . . . #47,948 10 9
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
The collectors of customs in every port of the United Kingdom collect the Lighthouse Collection of the
Dues payable upon the Irish lighthouses.
In Ireland the collectors transmit the amount collected to the bank of Ireland to the credit
of the teller of the Exchequer, whence it is drawn from time to time by the ballast corpora-
tion; they also certify their accounts on oath, and transmit the counterpart of each light-
house receipt passed by them to the ballast-master in Dublin, in whose office they are
“checked,” to see that they tally with the accounts transmitted to the Treasury.
The collectors in the British ports transmit the amounts received by them to the ballast-
master in Dublin, and their accounts and certificates in like manner, quarterly; these are
“checked” in like manner.
In ports where the receipts are trifling the accounts and remittances are made only half
earlv. -
y †. money collected in the British ports is all transmitted to the ballast-master direct
in bills.
The collectors are furnished with maps containing the lighthouses marked on them; and they
are directed to charge for the number of lighthouses each vessel must pass on the direct course.
The ballast-master corresponds with the several collectors, and points out cases where the
proper charges appear not to have been made. .
The annual amount remitted from the Irish ports is computed at £9,000 a-year, from the
ports of Great Britain at £30,000 a-year. 2 A
Lights' Revenue.
DUBLIN.
- 182 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
gºr
MUNICIPAL
3REGULATIONS.
Tisbursements,
TErection of
Tighthouses.
The lighthouse dues connected with the port of Dublin usually amount to 1d, a tom on
British and Irish vessels, i. e. for four lights, including the Poolbeg, Bayley and Kish lights.
Colliers are charged a certain sum yearly ; but if the vessel has any goods on board, save
coals, however small in quantity, the full tonnage duty is. charged; the owners complain of
this. The colliers sometimes carry 50 or 60 tons of bark, and (as in the case of Whitehaven,
with which there is a very scanty trade, except in the article of coals,) the charge then presses
heavilv.
vºl. going to Drogheda even, or to Wicklow, are subject to this tonnage duty.
The charge in respect of the Skerries light, which is private property, under the 3 Geo. II.
Eng. c. 30, affects a large proportion of the vessels trading to Dublin; this charge being in
itself 1d. a ton, enhances considerably the lighthouse charges, and is considered a grievance.
All the Disbursements of the lighthouse funds pass through the ballast-master's hands; the
accounts first “pass the Board” in the same manner as those of the port of Dublin accounts
already described. . . . . . . . .
The average annual expenditure of the lighthouses and light-ships in being at the com-
mencement of 1833, was computed at about £16,000, for their support and casual ordinary
repairs merely; a sum which must of course increase as additional lighthouses are erected
and completed. -
The recommendations for the Erection of Lighthouses, we were informed, have generally
emanated from the ship-owners, or those interested in a particular place; although sometimes
the Board have suggested the propriety of such a work on their own judgment. They order a
survey and report to be first made by the inspector of works; they then correspond and com-
municate with the corporation of Trinity House, and with the Irish Government, and do not
adopt the plan of a new lighthouse without their concurrence. 4 *
In a late instance, on a memorial from the traders and merchants of the port of Sligo, and
those concerned in the Clyde trade, for a lighthouse on a particular site, the inspector, on the
reference to him, differed from them as to the site. The Trinity Board appointed a depu-
tation to visit Sligo : they recommended three lighthouses to be erected; one was on the site
recommended by the memorialists; none of them was on that selected by the inspector.
The number of lighthouses round the coast when this department was transferred to the
Ballast Board in 1810, was 15; at the time of our Inquiry there were 35 used as lighthouses,
besides five then in progress; and, notwithstanding the number, we were told that it was still
considered that there were still points requiring lighthouses, and that applications were made
to the board for erecting them. -
In March 1833, the Ballast Board made the following statement to Mr. Secretary Stanley.
MEMORANDUM.
Ballast Office, Dublin, 2d March, 1833.
LIGHTHOUSE 1) EPARTMENT.
JUNE, 1810—By an Act, 50 Geo. III. c. 95, the whole of the lighthouses then erected on the coast
of Ireland were transferred from the care of the Commissioners of Customs to that of the corporation
for preserving and improving the port of Dublin. *
The number of lights then established was 15; of these, eight were found to be so circumstanced,
either from bad condition of the buildings or objectionable situation, as to require new towers, which
has been since then effected in the most permanent manner. The mode of illuminating throughout
the entire was of the most indifferent kind, in some by candles, and the remainder bad oil in ill-con-
structed lanterus and lamps. - |
The apparatus of the whole has since then been made on the most approved construction, and such
a system of regularity enforced in the attendance, by persons carefully instructed previous to getting
them in charge, as to give well-grounded confidence that the highest state of efficiency has been and
will be preserved.
In addition to the before-mentioned lights, 24 new establishments have since then been added,
making 36 lighthouses and three floating-lights, now well illuminated, a list of which will be found
herewith.
It may be proper to observe that the fund provided for this service being proportionable to the
number of lights of which the shipping could avail themselves, the receipt at the outset of this corpo-
ration’s proceedings was very limited, and particularly so when compared with the great outlay re-
quired before the duties could become productive : it is satisfactory to find that the whole of the pre-
sent works, floating-lights, and the necessary establishments have been completed without borrowing,
or even great protraction of time, when the numerous difficulties to be encountered in such under-
takings is considered.
In addition to the lights now exhibited round the coast, the corporation has at present in progress
of building—
*
Two lighthouses on Slyne Head,
Two ditto on Eagle Island,
Three ditto on Sligo Bay,
One ditto on Larne,
One ditto on Tarbert, -
They have also, for the further protection of shipping, erected various beacon towers and perches
round the coast, laid down buoys, and attached alarm-bells to the lighthouses and ships, to be rung
on occasion of fogs; they have also published a chart of the entire Irish coast for the use of mariners,
a work calculated to afford such accurate information as is not to be found in any other at present
extant, and it is disposed of at a price considerably under what it could be otherwise procured for.
The income consists of a charge of one farthing per ton for each sea-light passed by British vessels,
and one halfpenny by foreigners. A considerable improvement has been lately made in the mode of
collection, and the duties are now promptly and correctly received, and the expenditure on the whole
of the foregoing is conducted under the immediate scrutiny of the Board, before whom every account
and detail must pass, and every position throughout the entire range is subjected to frequent and
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 183 DUBLIN,
_*.
minute inspection by the officers of the corporation, and occasionally by some of its members: as to Rººks,
the probability of the period when all the necessary works in this department shall be completed, it is
wholly impracticable at present to judge. The Board are now engaged in making investigations and
surveys relative to lights, for the establishment of which applications have been received from the mer-
cantile and shipping interests; and as funds and time will admit, it is highly probable that several
additional lights will be found necessary and advisable, in particular on those parts of the western
coast now dangerous for strangers to "approach, and where valuable asylums and trading harbours
might be afforded by an expenditure of this nature.
The cost of erecting a small lighthouse is stated at £5,000; it varies with the situation, &c.
When several lighthouses are erected together the charge on shipping is generally limited
as for but one light.
Considerable sums are incurred for law costs upon the purchase of premises, and inqui-
sitions held for the purpose, and for compensation to the proprietors, in addition to the
expenses of the building of the several lighthouses; thus in the instances of three lighthouses,
in building in 1832, as already mentioned, the following sums were paid in 1831, viz. –
jagle Island :— £. s. d.
Compensation to proprietors . . . 400 0 0
Law costs . . . . . . . . 163 19 0
Slyne Head:—
Compensation to proprietors . . . 200 0 0
Law costs . . . . . . . . 171 0 0
Tarbert:—
Compensation to proprietors . . . 210 0 0
Law costs . . . . . . . . 190 11
The cost of building the Supply lighthouse store-delivering vessel, by agreement, was Build; iohf.
only £1,600, and, º Sundry ... and allowances, º: settled º £ičiz. 93. 9d. §º.
actually paid. W -
The further costs for outfit were as follows:—
4
£. s. d.
Sundry iron, and metal work and cables . . . 285 15 4
Sails and covers . . . . . . . 443 8 2
Copper, mast, blocks, and cordage . . . . 378 19 11
Paints, keather, casks, block-work, &c. . . . 28 l8 I
Expenses and insurance—Shoreham to Dublin 40 18 5
Freight of anchor . . . . . . . . . 12 14 10
J. Halpin, travelling expenses . . . . . 53 0 1 1.
#31,243 15 8
Building . . . . 1,617 9 9
Total . . . . . fº,861 5 5
The Brilliant was built in Dublin at the rate of £14 per ton, and being 143 tons the
building (after a deduction) cost £1,983. She was built as an extra ship, and sailed on the
3d October 1832, to relieve the Seagull. The cost for building, outfit, &c. in that year
amounted to £3,648. 15s. 1d.
The ordinary expenditure is kept in the accounts under distinct heads; thus in the
Relief (1832)—
£. s. d.
Men's wages . . . . . . 366 17 4
Lighting, and materials for lighting 287 9 2
Materials for ship . . . . . 165 17 10
Provisions . . . . . . . 265 6 10
fºl,085 11 2
Nine Beacons were erected on different parts of the coast for the sum of £308. 19s. in 1832. Beacons.
The Pensions and Charities were paid in a great number of small sums to the widows, &c. Pensions and Cha-
of persons injured at Tusker and Skilligs, 10 in number, and to five others on petitions. There rities.
were three superannuated light-keepers in 1832, and two only at the time of our Inquiry;
the superannuated messenger who obtained £25, in this account, was the same person as was
provided for in like manner in the port account.
Among the Incidental Charges for the year 1832 was the expense of a chart of the coast of Incidental Charges.
Ireland, which cost £788. 16s. 2d.
In the same year a sum of £12. 15s. was received for sale of 17 copies of the chart at 15s. each.
The state of the Lighthouse Account for the year ended 5th January 1833, which we Audited Accounts,
examined, as audited by the Commissioners of public accounts was thus:—
Balance in favour of the public at the commencement f'. s. d.
of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,029 3 7#
Borrowed from the port fund . . . . . . . . . . . 2,160 8 9
9. £. s. d. 10,189 12 4;
Tisbursements . . . . . . . . . 47,948 10 9
Receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,689 14 7
Excess . . . . . . . . 8,258 16 2
Balance in favour ofthe public at the close of the year . . . . £1% 16 2;
2 A 2
!
DUBLIN.
184 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Separate Accounts .
kept.
Debenture Debt.
The Old Debt.
This balance was composed of— f. s. d.
Advance to R. Howard for building lighthouse at Tarbert . . 1,575 0
Advance to G. Halpin, for lighthouse purposes . . . . . 200 0 0.
Ballast-master, in his hands. . . © e º 'º º I55 2 6
G. Robinson, due by him . . . . . . . . . . . 0 12 9
Disallowance on account of 1831 . . . . . . . . . 0 0 113
- - . - £1,930 16 23
The Accounts of the Ballast Board are kept under the three general heads of income and
expenditure already noticed, viz.
1st. The Port Account.
2d. The West Quay Walls.
3d. The Lights.
The books in which these accounts are entered are kept by an officer called the “book-
keeper and clerk of the check.” Accounts are kept as between the Ballast Board and the
Bank under three columns headed as above; and the like accounts are kept with the ballast-
ImaStel'. - * * *
The ballast-master's account is his account of sums received by him by order of the Board,
for drafts on the Bank, and his disbursements thereunder.
The accounts have been audited by the Commissioners of imprest and public accounts in
the manner already noticed. ; : -- * *
The Ballast Office Debt appears to have commenced not originally under the borrowing
powers given by the 26 Geo. III. c. 19, s. 67, but by loans from Government of £10,000 in
1789, and £10,000 in 1790; and for discharge of this debt the corporation in 1790 issued their
first Debentures, and from thence until the passing of the 32 Geo. III. c. 35, they raised
money and incurred debt as follows:— .
AT 4 PER CENT.
Irish Currency.
1790 . . 200 Debentures of £100 each . . 20,000
95 dº * l 16 * * = 93 - - 55 º Q º I 1,600
1791 . . 174 • 55 2, . . . 17,400
1792 . . Sl » 55 © s tº 8,100
571 Debentures. Total debt . . f.57,100
- - Annual charge . . 2,284
The above debts were probably incurred with reference to the statutes 27 Geo. III. c. 25,
and 30 Geo.III. c.25, the former of which enabled the Lord Lieutenant to issue £10,000, upon
the application of any corporation, for preserving and improving any port and harbour whose
funds should produce £4,000 a-year, subject to a charge on those funds of 4 per cent. interest,
and 2 per cent, for a sinking fund annually; and the latter of which enabled such corporation
themselves to borrow money at 4 per cent. per annum, provided the sum to be borrowed
should not be greater than a sum the interest of which, at that rate, should not exceed half the
funds arising to such corporation out of their duties and rates; and if default should be made
in payment of the interest, the ballast-master should give the holder a certificate of the arrear,
which the vice-treasurer of Ireland should pay; and the funds of such corporation were then
charged with 5 per cent. to the Crown as a fund to discharge the future interest; and so soon
as money was raised by this Act equal to the principal sums specified in the debentures issued
under the former Act, those former debentures should be paid off.
The 35th section of the 32 Geo. III. c. 35, seems to have been introduced for the purpose
of restoring to the corporation the power they had under the 26 Geo. III. c. 19, s. 73, of bor-
rowing any sums of money on the credit of their rates at interest not exceeding legal interest.
They accordingly raised as follows:—
AT 5 PER CENT.
1793, Three debentures of £1,000 each . . . 3,00
, Debentures payable 24th June, 1795 . . 6,700
1794, 25 52 1800. . 1,800
f; 1 1,500
The above were paid off as follows:—
1795, Debentures then payable . . . . . . 6,700
1800, 35 35 © º º ºs 1,800
1806, Three debentures of £1,000 each . . . 3,000
#11,500
AT 6 PER CENT. *
1794, Debentures . . . . . . . . . . . 11,700
1795 55 . . . . . . . . 10,000
1796 » . . . . . . . . 10,200
1797 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,100
1798. 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1800 J.2 tº e º e º e º & 500
#34,600
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 185
DUBLIN.
In 1814 this sum of £34,600 also was paid off under the following circumstances, stated to
us by the ballast-master:- *
“The Pigeon House Basin and premises were originally the property of the Ballast Board,
and erected by them about the year 1798. Lord Castlereagh, on the part of the Government,
waited on the Board, and demanded the possession of them for the purposes of military
defence; and the result was, that the possession was given up to the Government. The
matter lay dormant for several years, when an arbitration was entered into to ascertain the
compensation to be paid to the Board. The arbitrators awarded compensation ultimately,
and the sum received was £100,183, and a deed of conveyance was executed. The first act
of application of that fund was to pay off the said £34,600.
“The residue of the compensation fund of £100,183 was vested in Government 5 per cent.
stock, which, in the first year, produced £2,692. 10s. interest. This stock was sold out from
time to time up to 1821, and the money applied to the erection of the Great North Wall, and
certainly also, I decidedly say, upon the other works of the corporation, for it was not specially
allocated to anything.” -
In 1811 the original lighthouse duties were granted by the 51 Geo. III. c. 66, and by the
same Act additional rates of ballast, tonnage, &c., and by the 12th section, after a reference
in the 10th to the Acts of the 26 Geo. III., 32 Geo. III., 33 Geo. III., and 40 Geo. III., it
was recited that the corporation might find it necessary, in order more effectually to carry into
execution the purposes of the said recited Acts and of this Act, to borrow money upon the
credit of the rates, &c., arising under the recited Acts and this Act. Five restrictions were
then imposed.
1st. That the borrowing should be with the Consent and approbation of the Lord Lieu-
tenant or other chief governor or governors of Ireland.
2d. That it should be with the Consent and approbation of the Lord High Treasurer or
commissioners for executing the office, or three of them. -
3d. That the Interest should not exceed 5 per cent. per annum upon debentures of £100
each to be issued pursuant to the recited Acts.
4th. That the money so to be borrowed at any time after the passing of this Act should
not exceed in the whole £50,000.
5th. That a Sinking Fund applicable to the reduction thereof should be established as
follows:—a yearly sum equal to £1 for every £100 of all sums so to be borrowed, from the
24th June 1811, to be taken by the corporation from the produce of the rates, &c., and laid
out by four equal quarterly payments on every 29th September, 25th December, 25th March,
and 24th June, or within 30 days thereof, in the purchase of 3% per cent. annuities, transfer-
able at the bank of Ireland, or other stock in the public funds there; and also that the divi-
dends, from the accumulation of such stock, should half yearly, when payable, be laid out in
like manner; and when the stock should amount to a sum worth, to be sold, £100, then such
stock to be sold and the money to be applied in purchasing the debentures at or under par,
and so on from time to time until the whole of the sums borrowed, and to be borrowed under
the authority of this Act, should be fully paid off and discharged.
The Ballast Board have since borrowed money without regard to these Restrictions.
They began, in 1821, in prosecution of their favourite scheme, the building of the “Great
North Wall,” and proceeded as follows:—borrowing
AT 5 PER CENT.
1821, On 50 debentures º & O & © 5,000
1822 ,, 195 ,, . . . . . 19,500
1823 , 10 55 tº tº e º 'º 1,000
#25,500
On the 23d July 1821 a resolution was passed at a special meeting (six members present)
in these words: “to raise a sum of money upon debentures now in the Bank of Ireland.”
After some summonses and postponements, it was ordered, on the 12th October 1821, that an
application be made to the Bank of Ireland for a loan of £3,000 on the security then in bank,
the property of the corporation, and the note of the secretary. And it was resolved that
Messrs. Crosthwaite, Lunell, Goff, and Dravar should be a committee to look into the differ-
ent Acts relative to borrowing money, and to report. On the 19th October they reported, and
it was resolved that the sum of £20,000 be received agreeably to the Report; that 200
debentures for £100 each be prepared under the directions of the same committee, and that
they be empowered to affix the corporation seal to them. On the 26th October the 200
debentures were presented sealed, and the consideration of issuing them postponed, the same
committee to lay on the table a statement of the average revenue and expenditure of the cor-
poration, and the probable demands on the corporation, and the means of meeting them.
The following proceedings then took place:–
“Minutes 14th November, 1821.
“Six members present.
“Your committee having prepared a statement of the revenue and expenditure of the corpo-
ration, as respects the port fund from the period commencing 5th January, 1815, to 5th January, 1821,
also a statement of the revenue and expenditure for three quarters of the current year, as also the
particular heads of ordinary and extraordinary expenditures during same period, all of which accom-
pany this Report, and from which they have extracted the following results:— -
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
Testrictions on the
Powers of Borrow-
ing.
Consent of Lord
Lieutenant.
Consent of Trea-
sury.
Interest.
Amount of Princi-
pal Money.
Provisions for a
Sinking Fund.
Disregard of the
Restrictions.
Issue of 255 De-
bentures.
DUBLIN.
186 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
- MUNICIPAL
JREGULATIONS.
fºg.

Year 1822.
20 Debentures.
Year 1822.
30 Debentures.
Year 1822.
20 Debentures.
Year 1822. '
20 Debentures.
YEARS ENDING
5th Jam. 1816. 5th Jan. 1817. 5th Jan. 1818. 5th Jan. 1819. 5th Jan. 1820. 5th Jan, 1821.
£ s. d. £ S. d. £. s. d. £ S. d. £ S. d. | f s. d.
*.*.*.*.*.*}|30,250 6 7 |26,898 16 28,484 10 3,26,244 19 6 20,128 510 |25,627 14 11
venue received . . .
14,168 7 9 || 4,508 11 7 || 1,032 2 7 || 1,932 0 2 13,656 13 6 |11,595 16 0
2,162 0 0 || 2,618 0 0 || 2,300 0 0 || 2,134 0 0 || 2,660 0 0 || 2,294 0 0
Ordinary Expenditure .
Interest paid on 4 per
cent. Debentures . .
cable to extraordinary
Uses . . . . .
Actual extraordinary
Expenditure . . . .
Balance in hands of º
Corporation . . . .
13,919 18 10 || 9,772 4 6 |15,152 7 8}|12,178 19 4 |12,811 12 4 11,737 18 11
}
}
Surplus Revenue º
}
7,628 12 5 12,079 2 03/25,204 12 10 |23,113 2 4 |13,679 4 º29,092 9 5
68,384 16 2466,081 18 7356,029 13 6345,095 10 6344,227 18 9:26,875 8 3}
“From their enquiry into the revenue and ordinary expenditure of such part of the current year as
has elapsed, they estimate that the result of the year will nearly correspond to the amount of those
items in the last year, excepting dividend received on 5 per cent. stock, £1,112.12s., and payment
from commissioners of customs £1,000, each of which now cease, as also that of the interest payable
on 4 per cent. debt amounting to £57,100, and that the surplus of revenue applicable to extraordinary
uses may be stated at £9,000; they also find that a debt of £11,000, due to the corporation by the
commissioners of wide streets, is a part of the balance stated to be in favour of this corporation 5th
January, 1821, of which that £3,000 only is likely to be repaid during the current year, and also
there are other sums in that balance amounting to £3,565. 12s. 2d. not available for present uses.
they thus far deduct from said balance the amount of means not now tangible, say £11,565 12 2
Leaving the amount of the balance available during the present year . . . . 15,307 17 I
To which is to be added the estimated supplies of the years as above . . . . 9,000 0 0
Making the net amount of funds available to extraordinary uses and new works . 24,307 17 1
“Your committee have also ascertained that the amount already expended during
the years on extraordinary uses and new works, and the debt incurred on this
account, amounts to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“And that it will be further necessary during this year to expend on same and to
give security to what is already commenced, a sum estimated at . . . . 10,000 0 0
30,190 18 0
“Making in the whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .940,199 18 0
“There will therefore be a deficiency to be provided for of £15,892. 0s. 10d.
“Your committee are instructed that the works now in course of execution are of so important a
nature as to warrant an anticipation of the surplus revenue, and they therefore recommend that a sum
of money be borrowed on the security of the port fund duties, as directed and provided for by the
several Acts of Parliament; that debentures for £100 each, subject to 5 per cent. interest, and to such
amount as may be deemed advisable by the board, be issued, and that they be disposed of in the public
stock market at a rate not less than par, and that for the gradual repayment of the debt thus in-
curred, and until such debt be totally discharged, a sum of money, equal to 1 per cent. on the amount
so borrowed, be each half year invested in the public funds, and that so soon as a sum not less than
£1,000 be accumulated, it shall be applied in paying off an equal sum of said debentures to be pub-
licly drawn by lot, and that this resolution be made known to the purchasers of debentures to be sold.
“Resolved,—That the recommendation of the committee respecting the mode of issuing debentures
be assented unto. wa • * -
“Resolved,—That the provision for a sinking fund of 2 per cent. per annum on the amount to
be now borrowed be assented unto. . . . . -
“Resolved,—That it is expedient to borrow the sum of £20,000 for carrying on the works of this
corporation, and that 50 of the debentures presented on the 26th ultimo be now signed by the ballast-
master and secretary, and then handed to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the
public stock market at a price not under par, the proceeds thereof to be lodged in the Bank of Ire-
land to the credit of the corporation, and that the remaining 150 debentures be given in charge to the
seal keepers, to be issued when further directed by the board.
“Minutes 4th January, 1822.
“Resolved,—That 20 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market at a price not under
par, the proceeds thereof to be lodged in the Bank of Ireland, to the credit of the corporation.
“Minutes 11th April, 1822.
“Resolved, That 30 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market at a price not under
£105 per cent., and the proceeds thereof to be lodged in the Bank of Ireland, to the credit of the cor-
poration, and that the seal keepers do give said 30 debentures to the ballast-master.
“Minutes 7th June, 1822.
“Resolved,—That 20 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market, at a price not under
£105 per cent., and the proceeds thereof to be lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the cor-
poration, and that the seal keepers do give said 20 debentures to the ballast-master.
“Minutes 21st June, 1822.
“Ordered. That 20 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market, not under £105. 10s.,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 187
DUBLIN.
and the proceeds thereof lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the corporation, and that the
seal keepers do give said 20 debentures to the ballast-master. -
“Minutes 5th July, 1822.
. “Ordered,—That 20 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons to be disposed of in the public stock market, and not under £105. 10s, each, and
the proceeds thereof lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the corporation, and that the seal
keepers do give said 20 debentures to the ballast-master.
“Minutes 19th July, 1822.
“Resolved,—That 10 of the debentures be issued by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Co. to be disposed of in the public stock market, not under £105. 10s., and
the proceeds thereof lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the corporation, and that the seal
keepers do give said 10 debentures to the ballast-master. -
“Minutes 26th July, 1822.
“Resolved,—That 10 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Co. to be disposed of in the public stock market, not under £105. 10s., and
the proceeds thereof to be lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the corporation, and that the
seal keepers do give said 10 debentures to the ballast-master. -
“Minutes 2d August, 1822.
“Resolved,—That 20 of the debentures be signed by the ballast-master and secretary, and handed
to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market, not under £105. 10s.,
and the proceeds thereof be lodged in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of the corporation, and that
the seal keepers do give said debentures to the ballast-master.
“Minutes 27th September, 1822.
“Resolved,—That the sum of £10,000 be raised, and that 100 five per cent. debentures for £100
each be prepared under the direction of Mr. Drevar and Mr. Lunell, and that they be empowered
to affix the corporation seal to them and have them ready for the signature of the ballast-master
and secretary on the next board day, Resolved, when perfected, that 30 debentures be handed to
Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market at a premium not under
five and a half per cent. -
“ Minutes 4th October, 1822.
“Ordered,—That 15 debentures be directed to be sealed and signed by the ballast-master and
secretary, and handed to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to be disposed of in the public stock market
at a premium not under five and a half per cent, and that the sum of £1,500 be paid to the light-
house fund, in discharge of so much borrowed therefrom. Draft No. 145 was accordingly signed
for £1,500.
“Minutes 23d May, 1823.
“Mr. Wilson reported the delivery for sale of 10 debentures of £100 each, agreeably to order of
24th January last, being part of 50 named therein.
“ Minutes 3d December, 1824,
“Mr. Lunell reported that there were in the safe 45 five per cent. debentures of this corporation,
which would not now be wanting, and suggested their being cancelled.
“Ordered, That Mr. Lunell be requested to see the same cancelled.
The interest of money having fallen the Ballast Board resolved to reduce their interest, and
accordingly, in lieu of the above £25,500, they issued &
AT 4 PER CENT.
#3.
1824, 255 Debentures of £100 each, 25,500
- Annual charge . . . 1,020
In the same year a further Issue of Debentures took place under circumstances extremely
peculiar. At an early date we find the following entry:—
. “Minutes 30th January, 1824.
“The Ballast Master submitted the following Accounts agreeably to the order of the Board
dated the 9th instant. -
“RETURN to an Order of the Corporation for Preserving and Improving the Port of Dublin, dated
the 9th January 1824, directing that there be laid before the Board, an account of .
* * £. s. d.
1. The sums now borrowed by the Total 5 per cent. debentures issued commencing
corporation on debentures November 1821 to 9th August 1823, No. 1 to
bearing 5 per cent. per annum. 255, both numbers included for £100each 25,500 0 0
2. The sums now borrowed by the Total of 4 per cent. debentures issued to the
corporation on debentures public—571 at £100 each . • . 57,100 0 0
bearing 4 per cent, per annum. - –4
Total debenture debt . tº © , 82,600 0 0
3. The annual income of the cor- Account herewith. Total receipts for one year
poration port account under to the 5th Jan. 1824 . (e. º . 29,934 14 4
the different heads for the last
three years.
4. The annual expenditure of the Account herewith returned. Total disburse-
corporation under the differ- ments one year to the 5th Jan. 1824. . 37,287 16 2
ent heads for the last three *
years.
MUNICIPAL. "
REGULATIONS,
Year 1822.
20 Debentures.
Year 1822.
10 Debentures.
Year 1822.
10 Debentures.
Year 1822.
20 Debentures.
Year 1822.
30 Debentures.
Year 1822.
15 Debentures.
Year 1823.
10 Debentures.
Re-issue of 126 De-
bentures.
. .DUBLIN. 188
REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS. £ d.
3. The amount of the present To Bank of Ireland borrowed from, on secre-
debts and engagements of the tary’s notes with collateral security . . 10,300 0 0
corporation on port account. Light house fund borrowed therefrom 1,000 0 0
Total 11,300 0 0
6. An account of all debentures of Cannot answer: but beg to state that it appears
this corporation now lying in from the interest numerical book, that there
the safe, and which have not has been lodged in the Bank of Ireland to
been issued for sale. meet sums borrowed, viz. -
Debentures No. 567 to 571 5 debentures 500 0 0
Ditto 577 to 622 46 ditto 4,600 0 0
Ditto 661 to 735 75 ditto 7,500 0 0
Lodged in Bank of Ireland 126 ditto. . £12,600 0 0
Further Issue of
Debentures in 1833.
bearing 4 per cent. interest.
For the above I think the acknowledgement of
Mr. Williams was taken a great many years
since, and deposited in the office safe.
“Ballast Office, Jan. 14, 1824. WILLIAM BIGGER, Ballast-master.”
“It appearing by the foregoing accounts that the sum of £11,300 is now owing as therein stated,
and it also appearing that 126 debentures bearing 4 per cent. interest, were executed at sundry
periods, and lodged in the Bank of Ireland as collateral security for the sums borrowed from that
company;
“Resolved,—That instructions be given to Messrs. Gibbons and Williams to dispose of the said
126 debentures in the public stock market, provided a rate not less than par can be obtained; and
“Resolved,—That Messrs. Crosthwait, Lunell, and Drevar, be appointed a committee to receive
the produce of the above debentures, and having paid the demand due to the bank of £10,300, as
well as that to lighthouse fund of £1,000, and received the debentures, to deliver said debentures to
Messrs. Gibbons and Williams, and lodge the balance of proceeds in the bank for account of the
corporation.”
The earliest instance of “borrowing money upon bills payable” (a practice we shall further
advert to) appears to have been on the 26th February 1789; on that day the following reso-
lutions were entered into :—
“Ordered, That the keepers of the seal be desired to affix the seal of the corporation to 30 deben-
tures, each conditioned for to payment of the sum of £100, with interest at the rate of £4 by the
£100 by the year, for the purpose of raising money for carrying on the works.
“Ordered, That the ballast-master do lodge the said debentures in the Bank of Ireland, and pass
his mote for the corporation for the sum of £1,000, payable in two months, which mote he shall dis-
count at the Bank, and receive its amount, charging the discount to the amount of interest.”
The 126 debentures appear to have been composed of
5 Debentures, 567 to 571, “Returned by Edward Whitton, 24th December 1792, and
lodged in the Bank of Ireland in 1806.”
6 33 577 to 582, “Lodged in the Bank of Ireland for safe keeping, 12th
December 1806.” -
40 35 583 to 622, “Lodged in the Bank of Ireland as a collateral security for
• . the ballast-master's notes, 24th December 1792.”
[N.B. Nos. 623 to 660 had been cancelled by order of the cor-
poration.]
25 33 661 to 685, “Lodged in the Bank of Ireland, 27th June 1795.”
20 32 686 to 705, “Lodged in the Bank of Ireland, 27th May 1797.”
30 & 4 706 to 735, “Lodged in the Bank of Ireland, 25th June 1798.”
I26
The bond fide debt consisted them of the 571 debentures numbered from 1 to 566, and
from 572 to 576, inclusively.
There were thus issued further
AT 4 PER CENT.
. 12,600
504
In 1833 the Ballast Board adopted the following further proceedings:–
1824, 126 Debentures
Annual charge
The committee appointed on the 1st February instant report as follows:—
“Having entered into the inquiries directed by the board, and ascertained such matters as the
ballast-master and the inspector of works could furnish from their several departments, they beg
leave to report the information they have obtained in the following arrangement.
“The probable expense of keeping up the present works, and the ordinary charges of the part
which must be provided for making the estimate extend to the present and next four years.
“The probable cost of the objects of improvement already undertaken, or in contemplation, and
the length of time which should be appropriated for their completion provided sufficient means exist.
i. The present debenture and floating debt, and, lastly, the means available to defray these
charges.” f
h The works under the care of the corporation, in the port department may be classed under three
eads, viz.:-
1. The walls of the river Liffey, and the bridges to the westward of Carlisle Bridge, and the clear-
ing of the river within its walls. -
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 189
DUBLIN.
2. The walls of the river to the eastward of Carlisle Bridge, the north and south quay walls, and the
graving slip and yards. - -
3. The Great North Wall, the Pigeon-House road and wall, and the Dunleary and Bullock con-
Cel'I)S. - -
In the first class, the probable outlay of this year will be £1,200, and for the next four years £800
say an average of £880 annually. In the second, the expense is estimated at £450 for the present
and each of the next four years.
In the third class, the additional building and repairs at Bullock will cause an additional charge of
£300, making the estimate of the whole for this year £600; and for the succeeding four years £300,
it is expected, will be the annual charge, making an average annual cost of £360. l
The ordinary charges are estimated for the present year at the same amounts as the cost during
the past year, and they are not expected to vary much during the next four years; they are as follows,
Vl2. e
#. s. d.
Ballast-office house 349 6 10
Salaries . • . e • g 1,496 0 4
Printing and stationery . , - , , , 215 7 10
Incidents tº • • . . . . 149 17 2
Interest on 4 per cent, debentures £95,200 3,808 0 O
Rents payable .. s s º 335 0 9
Pilotage • . e • • 4,886 11 5
Pilot-boats • , & ... • e 33] 1 4
Pilot station at Poolbeg . . . . . . 172 9 8
Superannuated pilots º º º © 93 0 0
Life-boats - º º e 92 3 8
Pensions and charities . tº e 472 19 2
Tensions and rewards º • º º 35 5 4
Ballast raised for ships . . e º 2,939 0 6
Ditto for Dunleary º tº tº 190 5 8
Ditto for demand on shore • º * 164 4 1
Repairs for ballast lighters tº © © 2,315 0 6
These four last items are repaid by the ballast
duties, received in the state of income.
º w wº 255 0 0
Sinking fund º
2018,258 14 3
The interest on floating debt cannot be stated, as depending on the pecuniary measures to be
determined on by the corporation.
The remaining head of charge, viz., the works undertaken and in contemplation, your committee
cannot estimate with equal chance of precision as to the cost or time to be occupied ; they therefore
must offer the best statement in their power, any such being subject to unforeseen events, from the
station of the work. - -
The only object of magnitude which now remains incompleted, of the plans of improvement to the
harbour long since determined on by the corporation, is the clearing and deepening of the channel
from the bar to the quay walls. The new quay walls, and the Great North Wall, had occupied the
Board for a series of years, and the utility as well as permanence of these works, with measures to be
now adopted, with undivided attention. - - -
For the completion of the improvements in the channel with decided prospect of success, already
considerable progress has been made, notwithstanding the necessity imposed on the Board in 1831 to
construct a graving slip suitable for the accommodation of the large class of steam and sailing vessels
which can now enter this harbour, and to effect which, without relaxing in the work of deepening, it
became unavoidable to incur a floating debt of some magnitude.
In the present year an additional steam dredge of enlarged power, and fourteen new mud floats,
will be employed in addition to those of last year. The expense of this very energetic proceeding,
will, in the opinion of your inspector of works, be ultimately less burthensome than by adopting a
slower process, while the advantages calculated on to the shipping will be much earlier reached; and
his expectation is, that the present efforts will, within a period not exceeding five years, (in the two
first of which essential progress can be made,) produce a safe channel from inside the bar to the
quay walls, with at the least nine feet depth throughout at low water, making a depth of twenty feet
at spring tides, together with the prospect of this improvement being equally permanent as it must
be important to the port of Dublin.
£. s. d.
The new steam dredge No. 2 will cost this year º e 5,000 0 0
Fourteen new mud floats . º º º o 3,500 0 0
8,500 0 0
The expense of working the present steam dredge No. 1 last year amounted to 1,127 II 10
The labour in lighters and floats carrying sand e © e 7,489 11 10
Working steam dredge No. 2 this year will cost º º - º 1,200 0 0
Additional labour in floats half the above cost º º e º 3,744 15 11
* 13,561 19 7
Supposing these last four sums be expended in the present and next four years” .
amount . . • , º º • • wº e ve 77,809 17 II
First cost amount as above & º de Q -> e w 8,500 0 0
86,309 17 11
Will make an annual outlay of . º o o e © . #17,261 19 7
A lesser annual expenditure on this work is still within the option of this Board, but it is the
M. C. I. 2 B
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
DUBLIN.
196 REPORTs FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
opinion of your committee, that the proposed time of six years from the present date will enable your
inspector of works to attain completion with most economy of the fund. *
No other works appear to be in completion. It is suggested by the inspector of works, that some
addition to the Great North Wall will be likely to succeed the deepening of the channel, but time
will best point out the results of what is now doing. f
- £” S. d.
The debt of the corporation to 5th January, 1833, consists of 4 per cent, debentures 95,200 0 0
A floating debt now subject to 5 per cent. o . . G o fºll,839 ll 3
Your committee will now proceed to lay before you the means available to defray these charges.
The income of the past years is believed to be a reasonable criterion of the probable receipts of this
year, and of the four succeeding.
The particulars are as follows:—
£. s. d.
The Tonnage duties . • . tº e ë 11,960 17 9
Quay wall taxes . . • Q wº ſº tº 3,130 10 8
Committee of proprietors . . º tº 29 2 II
Casual receipt . e tº º º g 48 15 10
Graving slip . wº sº tº tº ſº 174 14 6
Rents receivable • • º c • * 123 15 9
Pilot-boat earnings . ſº g s tº * 495 9 11
Ballast duties from ships . e e tº 7,678 9 6
Ditto from Dunleary . . . gº • •e e 527 2 1
T)itto sold on shore . . . * "se º 21 10 O
These three last sums are subject to the cost of
raising, as stated in ordinary charges.
Pilotage . . ſº º tº e ſº g 5,010 16 7
This is repaid to the pilots, as stated in ordinary
charges. -- -
Estimated income . '• o tº , º £29,201 5 6
In recapitulation it will thus appear, that the cost
of keeping up present works for the present and
next four years is estimated at average • * 1,690 0 0
Ordinary charges for same time . º c 18,350 14 3
Making ſº 19,940 14 3
Which sum being deducted from . to - * 29,201 5 6
- Leaves . £9,260 11 3
applicable to works of improvement in the harbour, subject, however, to the present floating debt of
£11,839. lls. 3d. -
The proposed expenditure on this head, if decided on by the Board, will on an average amount to
£17,261, 19s. 7d. during this and the next four years, which would leave a deficiency at the end of
that time of £51,846. 12s. 11d., together with the amount of interest from the present time on the
portions of that sum now due, and the remainder when raised. The sinking fund applicable to the
paying off the present debenture debt of £95,200 amounts to £3,528. 1s. 11d., which is at present
vested in 3% per cent. stock.
Your committee are not apprized of any other funds which can be looked forward to; and the
most eligible mode by which this sum could be procured, would be, in their opinion, by borrowing
under the powers vested in the corporation, either under the special Act of Geo. III. cap. sec.
which empowers money to be raised at any rate not exceeding legal interest, or under the general
Act of Geo. III. cap. Sec. , which empowers the corporation (in its present circumstances as
having a sufficient income applicable to paying interest) to raise money at 4 per cent., in which case
Government became security to the holders for the interest.
The sum required this year will be about £30,000, and the whole sum with interest will be from
£55,000 to £60,000.
And your committee now beg leave to submit the foregoing as their report.
Ballast Office, (Signed) NATHANIEL SNEYD, SIMEON BOILEAU,
February 15, 1833. ARTHUR GUINNESS, WM. P. LUNELL.
Minutes, 22d February, 1833.
REPORT ON THE LEGAL POWERS OF THE CORPORATION TO RAISE MONEY ON LOAN.
By the Act 26 Geo. III. c. 19, being the Act under which the present Ballast Office Board was
incorporated, and by the 68th section thereof, the corporation was empowered, in order to carry the
purposes of the said Act into execution, to borrow any sum or sums of money they should think
necessary upon the credit of the revenues to arise by that Act, at interest not exceeding legal interest,
and to issne debentures in such form as the corporation should appoint by any by-law or by-laws
to be entered into pursuant to the directions of said Act, which debentures should be liens upon said
revenues, or so much thereof as should be therein specified.
By the 30 Geo. III. cap. 25, sec. I, a general power was given to any corporation then in being,
for the preservation Ör improvement of any harbour for which duties had been or should be granted,
such duties not being less in annual amount than £4,000 (late currency), to raise upon loan deben-
tures such sum or sums of money as such corporation should think proper for those purposes (pre-
servation and improvement of harbours), at any rate of interest not exceeding £4 per cent, per
annum; provided the interést of the money to be borrowed should not exceed half the funds arising
to such corporation out of such duties. “ •s - -- -
By the Act 32 Geo. III. cap. 35, sec. 25 power, is given to the corporation to borrow money upon
the credit of the taxes and revenues to arise by that Act, to carry the purposes of that Act into execu-
tion, and to issue debentures according to the provisions contained in the 26 Geo. III.
By the Act 51 Geo. IIT. cap. 66, sec. 12, to enable the corporation to carry into execution the
Acts therein recited, (viz. 26, 32, 33, and 40 Geo, III.) power is given to them to borrow money
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN HRELAND. 191
DUBLIN.
on the credit of all or any of the taxes and revenues in said Acts or this Act, with the consent of the
Lord Lieutenant, at interest not exceeding £5 per cent. per annum, and to issue debentures for the
Sal), e.
By the Act of the 52 Geo. III. cap:53, sec. 2, power was given to the corporation to borrow any
sum not exceeding £10,000, to build a bridge opposite Mass Lane, upon credit of grand jury pre-
sentments. -
The foregoing are the only Acts which I find, under which the corporation is authorized to borrow
money; and the purposes of the last-mentioned Act having been effectuated, the powers thereby given
have of course ceased. -
February 21, 1833. (Signed.) WILLIAM GoDDARD, Law Agent.
“Minutes, 22d February, 1833.
“The Board having been specially summoned for the final consideration of the Finance Com-
mittee Report, received on the last day of meeting, and to determine on such measures as might be
deemed necessary thereupon, the following resolutions were moved and passed.
“Resolved,—That it is expedient and desirable to continue the works for improving the harbour
now in progress, on the same scale of outlay as at present. &
“Resolved,—That to enable the execution of the foregoing resolution, it will be necessary to bor-
row within the present and next four years a sum of about £60,000, and that the income of the cor-
poration will be sufficient to secure that sum after the payment of the interest to which it is now liable,
together with other unavoidable charges; and that, provided said sum can be borrowed at a rate of
interest not exceeding 4 per cent. per annum, the corporation is empowered to do so under the
30 Geo. III. cap. 25. &
“Resolved,—That a sum of £40,000 be forthwith borrowed at a rate not to exceed 4 per cent.
interest per annum, for which sum debentures shall be issued pursuant to 30 Geo. III. cap. 25 ; and
that a committee, to consist of Mr. Smeyd, Mr. Guinness, Mr. Lunell, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Crosthwait,
and Mr. Boileau, be appointed to report on the measures requisite to carry this resolution into effect,
and that they be empowered to apply to the Bank of Ireland, or elsewhere, as they may deem
advisable, for the purpose of obtaining the most advantageous terms for the corporation.”
“Minutes, 1st March, 1833.
“The committee appointed on the last day to advise measures relative to the sum of money to be raised
on debentures reported that it will be necessary to direct a sufficient number of debentures to be printed,
and it is submitted that they should be in a similar form as those last issued by the corporation, and for a
sum of £100 each, to bear 4 per cent. interest, and to be numbered, commencing from the number next
succeeding that of the last issued debentures, and sealed with the seal of the corporation. That it is
recommended to issue such amount of those debentures as may seem proper for sale by Messrs. Gib-
bons and Williams, stockbrokers, and that they have instructions to sell same, provided they can obtain
a premium of at least 10s. per cent, ; and should this not be found practicable at the present time, and
that the demands on the Board require to be provided for, then that the ballast-master shall dispose
of same to the Bank of Ireland at any rate not under par : which having been read and considered,
“Resolved,—That 200 debentures be forthwith printed and numbered as recommended by the
committee, and that the seal of the corporation be affixed to same, and that they be placed under the
care of the ballast-master to await the order of the Board; and it appearing that the sum of £5,000 is
now necessary to be provided. .
“Ordered, That the ballast-master shall direct the stockbrokers, Messrs. Gibbons and Williams,
to dispose of £5,000 of the above 4 per cent. debentures on the Stock Exchange at a premium of not
less than 10s. per cent. ; and should same not be found practicable, the ballast-master is to offer same
for disposal to the Bank of Ireland at the best rate he can obtain, not under par, and to place the
proceeds to the credit of the corporation. -
“March 8, 1833.—30 Debentures disposed of as above.
“March 15, 1833.−Ordered, That 70 debentures, in addition to those previously ordered, be
offered to the Bank for sale at par, in case Messrs. Gibbons and Williams cannot dispose of them
at Once.
“March 29, 1833.−Ordered, That the ballast-master do dispose of £5,000 of 4 per cent. deben-
tures now deposited in the safe, in the same mode as last, and that the key-keepers do deliver them
to him, the proceeds to be placed to meet the demands reported by the ballast-master.”
It appears upon the face of the accounts that at the time when the debentures were issued
in 1833 (say 20th March 1833) the expenditure of the money to be borrowed had actually
been anticipated. The corporation had in bank only 712. 8s. 7d. in the West Quay Walls
account, and 1,063l. 5s. 2d. in the lights' account. In the port account
S.
They were in debt © º &” ** 2,603 2 1
And they had, coming due, engagements all
on the port account . • * • I'
4,961 18 4
£8,371 4 3
| 3,000 0 0
16,233 2 7
—e-ºf
#18,836 4 8
By this course of dealing, the question as to the propriety of entering into the loan must
have been nearly prejudged before the act was done.
Debentures to the amount of £20,000 were thus issued in 1833. This, as we were in-
formed, was done partly for the purpose of purchasing a new steam engine and dredge barge,
and partly to pay a debt contracted with the Bank of Ireland. * - I -
A practice grew up of having bills drawn by the secretary and accepted by the ballast-
master, under the authority of the Board, generally at three months: on these bills advances
were obtained from the Bank of Ireland, on which the Ballast Board paid 5 per cent. In one
year there have been bills from £10,000 to £15,000 in amount afloat. This system has been
resorted to for many years. 2 B 2
MUNICEPAL
REGULATIONS.
50 Debentures.
30 Debentures.
70 Debentures. º
50 Debentures.
Practice of Raising
Money on Fictitious
Bills.
DUBLIN. 192 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL e * ſe *
REGULATIONs. The course of the bill-dealing was described as follows:
The secretary gets an order to draw a bill on the ballast-master, which the ballast-master
accepts. The time of the bill's running has been regulated according to the wants of the
Board, formerly at 2 months, but latterly at 3 months. The bill is placed to the credit of
the corporation in the bank-book, and the discount carried to their debit. If funds do not
come in at the expiration of the bill sufficient to meet it, the Board orders a new bill to be
drawn and discounted in the same manner. The rate of discounting bills was 4 per cent,
but has lately been 5 per cent. *
The extent to which this practice has been carried will appear from the following return :
|BILLS PAYABLE. £. s. d.
1820 No debt existed on this account.
1821 Bills discounted during this year '. Ç 18,000 0 0
Bills paid 55 º 9,000 0 0
9,000 0 ()
1822 Bills discounted * º º e * } . 30,000 0 O
^. 39,000 0 0
Bills paid . º © tº # sº º . 33,000 0 0
6,000 0 0
1823 Bills discounted 27,900 0 0
33,900 0 0
Bills paid . & Ö º e gº . 23,600 0 0
10,300 0 0
1824 Bills discounted º tº tº *g & Nil 0 0 0
10,300 0 0
Bills paid 10,300 0 0
0 0 0
1825 Bills discounted «» © ſº ſº wº 4,900 0 0
Bills paid te © wº te tº tg 3,500 0 0
Irish 1,400 0 0
British 1,292 6 2
1826 Bills discounted º g tº º tº 1,000 0 0
2,292 6 2
Bills paid . º tº º g © 2,292 6 2
0 0 0
1827 Bills discounted • • ſº * gº Nil 0 0 ()
Bills paid dº * o g tº © INil 0 0 0
1828 Bills discounted tº * e © * ſº . 1,000 00
Bills paid o tº e ſº tº O & 1,000 O 0
0 0 0
1829 Bills discounted & Q © O tº, Nil 0 0 0
Bills paid . & tº o © . Nil 0 0 0
1830 Bills discounted º ſº tº © Nil 0 0 ()
Bills paid . * o tº Nil 0 0 O
1831 Bills discounted g © gº o º 6,000 0 0
Bills paid . © te e & © 3,000 0 0
3,000 0 0 .
1832 Bills discounted to July © tº e º . 14,000 0 0
17,000 0 0
Bills paid to May tº © g Q 6,000 O 0
Debt on this account at time of borrowing £8,000 from Mr. Lunell 11,000 0 0
1832 Bills discounted during remainder of this year . 12,000 0 0
23,000 O 0
Bills paid during remainder of this year . “. o . 17,000 0 0
6,000 0 0
1833 Bills discounted Nil 0 0 O
6,000 0 0
Bills paid º tº Q º & 6,000 0 0
0 0 0
Extracted from the books of this department.
J. HANKs,
Ballast Office, Dublin, Clerk of Cheque and Bookkeeper.
16th January, 1834.
Remarks. This practice of raising money upon the ballast-master's bills appears, from entries we have
already stated, to have prevailed from an early date; no legal authority seems ever to have
existed for it; enactments were made from time to time permitting this corporation to raise
|
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 193
DUBLIN.-
money in particular modes and under particular restrictions, which they do not seem at all
times to have regarded. At first, instead of raising money directly on the debentures from a
lender, they appear to have created a number of these documents to an amount treble that
which they considered requisite to be raised, and then themselves to have mortgaged these
(their own) obligations, which never had been in the hands of a holder, as securities for their
officer's bills. More than 30 years afterwards they got back these debentures, and negotiated .
them to the public in the Stock market, as if they had been actually issued under the powers
of the Act at the time of their date; and, still more, they did this after an Act of Parliament
was passed, wholly altering the powers of borrowing formerly conferred on them, and giving
to others a control over them, which, by this device, they evaded. After withdrawing from
the bank, these debentures on the strength of which they had originated this system of
dealing, they continued to raise money on their fictitious bills alone, without any reference to
the forms required. They proceeded in this course until the amount of their bill transactions
became too heavy for their credit, and then they called in aid the funds of one department to
sustain the other, in contravention of the positive directions of the legislature that they should
be kept separate and distinct; and one of their own members was induced to go largely in
advance to them. The debt thus accumulating, which they styled their “floating debt,”
having become no longer manageable on the same plan, they again resorted to the issue of
º but still without attending to the directions given them in the statute 51 Geo.
I. c. 66.
It might have been expected that this departure from the limits which the precaution of
the legislature had imposed on them would have been discovered and checked upon the
examination of their accounts by the Commissioners for auditing the public accounts, to whom
they have been annually submitted. But no such result took place; and indeed, had the
system even been questioned, or the accounts been disallowed, no practical consequence would
probably have followed, as the audited accounts of nearly every public board we have seen
seem to demonstrate. -
The 200 debentures issued in 1833 were not issued, in course, to individuals lending
money on their security; but, “in consequence” (as stated to us) “ of the difficulty of
raising money upon them with sufficient expedition in the market,” were handed to the
Bank of Ireland, who gave credit for them in the bank account, at par, in two items, viz.
* * s, d.
The 1st, 20th March, 1833, cash for 150 Ballast-office deben-
tures, of £100 each . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000 0 0
The 2d, 1st April, 1833, cash for 50 debentures, of £100 each 5,000 0 0
£20,000 0 0
The debt to Mr. Lunell contracted in 1832 was discharged out of this fund as follows:
gº S. d.
23d January, 1833, Principal repaid . . . . 4,000 0 0
35 55 , Interest . . . . . . I55 9 8
23d March, 1833, Principal repaid . . . . 4,000 0 0
55 55 , Interest . . . . . . . 30 2 9
There were thus issued, at 4 per cent.—
- #. s. d.
1833, 200 debentures at £100 British 20,000 0 0 (British currency.)
21,666 13 4 (Irish.)
Annual charge 800 0 0 (British.)
866 13 4 (Irish.)
Thus besides the former debt of £57,100, the issue of debentures, subsequently to the
passing of the 51 Geo. III. c. 66, amounted to—
f
1824 . . . . . . . . 25,500
5 5 . . . . . . . . 12,600
1833 . . . . . . . . 21,666
l
:
:
Total £59,766, 13 4 Irish currency.
Thus mearly all the restrictions imposed upon the Board by the 51 Geo. III. c. 66, have
been disregarded.
On mone of these occasions was any application or communication made to the Lord
Lieutenant, or to the Commissioners of the Treasury, nor their consent or approbation obtained
or asked. - - - *
The amount borrowed subsequently to the Act had already, at the time of our Inquiry, ex-
ceeded £50,000, and resolutions were entered into for raising further loans to a large amount.
No sum whatever had been applied in pursuance of the Act in the reduction of the debt
so incurred. A fund indeed, called a Sinking Fund, but very different from that directed by
the statute, had been made up; the scheme of it was as follows:—
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
*
We have above set, forth the Report of a Committee, and resolution of the Board, dated Ballast Office sink-
14th November, 1821, when it was determined to raise £20,000 by debentures, and to form a ing Fund.
Sinking Fund of 2 per cent. per annum on the amount borrowed, by investing 1 per cent.
each half-year in the public funds, and, so soon as a sum not less than £1,000 accumulated
to apply it in paying off an equal sum of the debentures to be drawn by lot. But the inten-
tion of investing 2 per cent. annually in place of 1 per cent. has not been acted on.
What has actually been done towards constituting a Sinking Fund is this:–In 1822, an
investment of £120 in 3% per cent. Government Stock, was made for the year 1821;-in
DUBLIN.
194 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
Munronpai,
REGULATIONS.
Departure from the
Directions of
Act.
Tables of Receipts
and Disbursements.
1823, investments were made of £120 for 1822, and of £200 for 1823;-in 1824, there was
an investment of £200 for that year;-in 1825 and 1826, there was not any investment ;-
in 1827, three sums of £255 (British), making £765, and in each subsequent year sums of
#255 have been invested. The dividends on the Stock purchased have been, from time to
time, added in making these investments, and hence an accumulation of the fund has accrued
as shown in the following Table.

BALLAST OFFICE SINKING FUND.
Cash Invested. -
- - º Stock Purchased. i.
t Principal Money. Dividends received, - Total.
£. s. d. £, s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
1822. 120 0 0 e Q 120 0 0 130 2 10
1823 320 0 0 6 16 9% 326 16 º 35] 17 5
1824 200 0 0 8 8 8% 208 8 8% 216 13 2
I 825 Nil. 24 9 0 24 9 0 24 3 0
1826 Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil.
Irish. 640 0 0 39 14 6 679 14 6 722 16 5 -
British, 590 15 5 36 13 5 627 8 10 667 4 8
1827 765 0 0 58 7 6 { 823 7 6 885 11 3
1828 255 0 0 57 5 4 312 5 4 332 3 0
1829 255 0 0 65 19 5 320 19 5 325 0 3.
1830 255 0 0 80 5 1 335 5 I 338 13 0
1831 255 0 0 92 10 10 347 10 10 384 8 11
I832 255 0 () 106 2 7. 36I 2 7 396 19 3
1833 ; 255 0 0 120 0 4 375 () 4 394 7 11
£ 2,885 15 5 617 4 6 3,502 19 11 3,724 8 3
This mode of constituting and keeping the Sinking Fund differs in several essential par-
* ticulars, affecting the public interests, from the mode prescribed by the Act of Parliament
51 Geo. III. c. 66, s. 13.
In the first place, the Ballast Board have thought proper to lay out in investments the sum
of 1 per cent. on the sums borrowed only in respect of 255 debentures of £100 each, and
have not invested any money in respect of the 126 debentures for £100 each which they
afterwards issued. * ..."
Secondly, The investments which they did make were not made quarterly, but, at the least,
annually, and for two years they neglected this duty nearly altogether. The accumulation
of the Sinking Fund, such as it was, has by this means been materially retarded.
Thirdly, No step whatever has been taken in applying the Sinking Fund to the reduction
of the debt, and this is not a merely formal neglect, for the Ballast-office debentures bear an
interest of 4 per cent, whilst the Stocks bear an interest of 33 per cent. only.
If all the provisions of the legislature had been carried into effect, the debts incurred from
1821 to 1824 would have been reduced by a sum of about £6,000, instead of having a fund
of only £3,724. 8s. 3d. Stock applicable to their reduction. -
The further debt of £20,000 incurred in 1833, also required the application of the same.
principle for its extinction.
The entire Ballast-office debt may now be summed up as follows:—

- -- Principal Debt. Annual Charge.
Irish British Irish British
Currency, Currency, Currency. Currency.
£. £. £. £. s. d. i
Debt of 1790-91-92 . . . . . . . 57, 100 | . . 2,284 2, 108 6 2
,, 1824, New Debentures . 25, 500 | . . l,020 | 1,033 16 ll
, - Old ditto 12,600 e e 504 | 465 4 7.
,, 1833 . . . . . . . ſº e 20,000 tº e 800 0 0 -
i Total annual charge £4,407 7 8 ||
The following Tables show the Receipts and Disbursements of this Corporation for a
period of 20 years, under the three general heads of account in which their books are kept.
WEST QUAY WALLS AND BRIDGES ACCOUNT.
RECEIPTS for Twenty Years, ended 5th January 1833.
DISBURSEMENTS for Twenty Years, ended 5th January 1833.
* Zºra º Building and º e
N * Anna Liffey Richmond ‘y e iſlo. Casual s: Richmond Whitworth -
Year ended. Foot Tax. Cess. Bridge. Whitworth Bridge. Receipts. Total. §epal. to Bridge. Bridge. Sundry Bridges. ToTAL.
Quay Walls.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. 3. d. £. . s. d. £. s. d.
5th January . 1814 891. 14 8 º 4,123 8 10 * º “e 5,015 3 6 744 5 10 351 10 1 © e. { Queen's Bridge } l, 104 3 ll
2 3 1815 810 3 6 7,398 12 9 || 4,091 6 0 o tº º 12,300 2 3 6,853 17 6 176 13 11 tº Q { oº:: } 7,040 12 ll
Old Brid
> y 1816 68] 4 2 © tº 3,618 2 6 e & e & 4,299 6 8 710 18 7 129 19 | II 18 6 { §ºs. } 945 4 6
Queen’s Bridge
2 3 1817 | 1,759 l 6 tº e 1,900 5 0 4,346 5 3 & 6 8,005 11 9 || 1,908 3 3 26,463 6 10 || 470 18 w| re. Bridge | 28,888 3 ll
36 7 4
Queen's Bridge
1818 588 2 1 1 || 1 ,800 r: 5,958 16 6 690 17 1
5 x 2 13 1 54 4 6 |{From Richmond Bridge º 8,865 6 0 1,883 10 6 2 14 2 659 12 10 Barrick Bridge 3,268 14 2
463 9 0 31 19 7
5 5 1819 598 13 2 2,983 16 5 • 5,766 12 7 tº e 9,349 2 2 | 1,968 10 11 º 26,320 14 10 { Qº } 28,556 13 ll
4 Queen's Bridge
402, 14.2
2 3 1820 859 16 6 3,001 4 11 º 5,964 18 6 e e 9,825 19 11 || 6,696 10 ll e e 39, 9 s Bºgº 7,715 7 0
Carlisle Bridge
11 0 1
5 5 1821 950 7 10 | 1,812 18 11 e 5,442 5 6 1,107 18 l 9,313 10 3 || 1,045 17 6 & 1,373 13 7 º e | 2,419 11 1
539 14 2 g &
2 3 1822 1, 175 1 0 º tº ºr |** fe Q 1,966 8 3 307 3 9 tº º 33, 14 4|{ cºs ) sº is a
251 13 1 *
} > 1823 389 11 4 º 99 18 3 e & 989 9 7 497 11 7 º tº 40 2 8 © e 537 14 3
Queen’s Bridge
2 > 1824 || 829 12 l e & 829 12 1 565 2 7 & Cº. 45 15 8 |º] 3,238 11 2
1,266 13 6
3 5 1825 | 1,119 7 4 • * © º º tº e & 1,119 7 4 646 12 ll tº Q 153 1 2|{ cºise } 1,072 16 2
X 3 1826 858 10 6 © e e tº g • * 858 10 6 852 16 6 © a . . . ºf sm an
Late Irish Currency | 12,011 6 6 16,997 6 1 || 13,787 6 10 28,833 12 9 1,107 18 l 72,737 10 3 || 24,681 2 4 27, 124 4 1 || 30,002 2 I 4,501 12 7 86,309 1 I
In British Currency 11,087 7 6 15,689 16 5 12,726 15 6 26,615 13 4 1,022 13 7 || 67,142 6 4 || 22,782 11 4 || 25,037 14 6 27,694 4 11 4, 155 7 0 79,669 17 9
5th January . 1827 816 2 6 º º º e © tº tº s 816 2 6 613 1 6 º ºg tº o © e 613 l 6
> 5 1828 737 19 0 º & o e º e º 737 19 0 630 17 8 º -> & e e 630 17 8
2 3 I829 853 4 1 º tº dº e & C 853 4 1 5] 1 3 1 e ‘º © Q e & 5] 1 3 1
2 3 1830 841 6 3 º ſe º o te º 841 6 3 421 9 4 º º • © e © 421 9 4
} } 1831 842 19 7 tº º © e 842 19 7 658 17 4 e & © º Q & 658 17 4
2 3 1832 774 18 6 e ºf e G 774 18 6 621 13 7 Q a e Q © 621 13 7
2 3 1833 713 12 1 e ‘º tº G & Cº 713 12 1 1,299 6 6 C & * @ e & 1,299 6 6
16,667 9 6 15,689 16 5 12,726 15 6 26,615 13 4 1,022 13 7 || 72,722 8 4 || 27,539 0 4 || 25,037 14 6 27,694 4 11 4, 155 7 0 84,426 6 9
§

198
APPENDIX TO REPORT FROM COMMISSIONERS, &c.

L I G HT I) U TIES.
RECEIPTS FOR TWENTY YEARS, ENDED 5TH JANUARY 1833.
Light Duties.
Year ended. Casual Receipts. ToTAL.
British. Irish.
{ * £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
| 5th January, 1814 8,123 3 2 33,946 16 9 478 19 3 42,548 19 2
5 5 1815 6,319 16 0 21,009 10 11 234 11 11 27,563 18 10
2 3 1816 9,191 7 5 28,876 11 2 41 7 2 38,109 5 9
2 3 1817 10,296 19 10 24,503 7 4 90 3 9 34,800 10 11
3 3 1818 8,386 5 0 25,148 15 10 43 9 9 33,578 10 7
> y 1819 11, 161 17 5 24,391 9 1 144 4 7 35,697 11 1
5 3 1820 12,263 17 3 29,227 5 9 297 6 4 41,788 9 4
5 5 1821 12,031 l 2 23,131 12 10 382 18 8 35,545 12 8
5 5 1822 10,907 19 1 23,982 3 0 149 16 0 35,039 18 1
3 5 1823 11,439 4 7 22, 179 10 5 90 7 10 33,709 2 10
2 3 1824 12,535 12 0 18,981 1 7 65 6 1 31,581 19 8
y 5 1825 14,697 19 3 13,505 11 0 161 0 8 28,364 10 11
2 3 1826 14,213 3 10 10,259 3 6 155 16 1 24,628 3 5
Late Irish Currency 141,568 6 0 299,142 19 2 2,335 8 l 443,046 13 3
British Currency . 130,678 8 8 276, 131 19 2 2, 155 15 2 408,966 3 0
5th January, 1827 27,551 7 7 8,788 1 6 48 19 11 36,388 9 0
5 5 1828 23,718 15 2 9,474 0 9 182 2 1 33,374 18 0
3 5 1829 24, 230 13 3 10,332 4 4 76 7 6 34,639 5 1
| 3 5 1830 26, 191 l 2 12,249 2 9 900 17 10 39,341 1 9
2 3 183] 28,758 7 6 9,209 13 6 253 2 11 38,221 3 11
2 3 1832 31,309 15 6 11,090 12 2 178 13 4 42,579 1 0
2 3 1833 28,932 12 10 10,350 9 6 406 12 3 39,689 14 7
321,371 1 8 347,626 3 8 4,202 11 0 673,199 16 4
APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND.
195
RECEIPTS FOR TWENTY YEARS, ENDED 5TH JANUARY, 1833.
RECEIPTS ON ACCOUNT OF THE PORT OF DUBLIN.
BALLAST. PILOTAGE. Misceli,ANEous. IN TRUST For oth ERs.
- º Tonnage. º #.. Received from Receipts ToTAL. º: g ToTAL.
*:::::::::* |Out of Ships. On Shore. Pilotage. º on I imper, &c. Licences. Fines. Rents Kºi. º iºn upon Works ºf º
&IlCl OIl LOanS, executed, &c. North Lots.
36 S. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. f s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. | f s. d. 6 s. d. £ s. d. £ s, d. £ 8, d. £ s. d. £ S. d £ s. d. £ 8. d. £ s. d.
Year ended Pigeon-house
5th Jan. t Premises. Sundries.
1814 8, 132 1 8 32 16 8 25 5 0 10,184 18 6 3,576 6 103 145 13 9 || 8 0 0| 3 0 0 605 7 4 4 19 0100,183 0 0 e . 122,900 7 9, 38 6 9, 19011 8123,129 6 23.
1815 9,532 17 1 25 0 8 202 14 10 11,057 11 0 || 3,026 4 83 200 l 11 || 2 0 0 . . 218 0 6 7 9 8 e - 2,692 10 0 || 13 5 1|26,977 15 53 20 17 11 190 14 3 27, 189 7 73
1816 10,848 19 2 16 12 8 || 273 5 0 # © & 11,715 13 6 3,558 11 10 | 194 17 9 . . 28 0 5, 225 2 0| 324 12 4 e e 2,962 14 8 . . 30,148 9 4 || 41 6 s 60 10 7|30,250 6 7
1817 9,417 18 4 34 0 8 35 15 0 : & 10,201 12 3 || 3,689 4 0 || 357 3 1 || 9 0 0| 5 0 0 150 0 6 31 5 "comine. 2,887 10 0 26,818 9 5 80 6 8 . . . 26,898 16 1
† - of Customs. º,
1818 9,805 16 8 31 6 8 59 10 10 § º º 10,104 & 3 2,835 & 8 || 510 4 0 || 3 0 | .. 181 17 6. 293 2 11| 1,000 0 0 || 2,682 5 23: 521 0 0 28,027 15 8; 40 2 2 416 12 5 28,484 10 3} #
1819 8,208 17 l 19 14 8 || 169 14 6 # º 10,321 13 9 3,323 17 10 || 440 4 9 || 5 0 0 . . 175 5 0 19 5 10 1,000 0 0 || 2,344 3 7 26,027 17 0 || 53 12 s 163 9 10|26,244 19 6 5
1820 9,659 11 8 13 15 4 5] 5 6 i © & 11,25] 16 9 || 3,971 0 0 || 488 19 9 . & © 206 14 O 95 17 4| 1,000 0 0 || 2,000 0 0 | 139 9 10 28,878 10 2 | 66 6 10, 183 8 10 29,128 5 10 º
1821 8,720 0 0 19 16 4 21 15 0 # 9,731 ll 9 || 3,533 7 7 || 448 8 5 || 4 0 0 . . 136 7 6|| 132 14 º 1,662 10 0 25,410 10 10 || 61 7 5, 15516 & 25,627 14 11 | #
1822 7,554 l 3 18 17 4 210 4 7 (i. 9,529 8 3 || 3,205 11 6 524 14 8 ... 36 13 5 134 2 01,424 4 || 5,000 0 0 | 665 6 8 . . . 28,303 3 9 54 3 0 159 8 0 28,516 14 9 º
1823 9,426 7 1 12 4 0 97 l 8 11,644 0 9 || 3,578 7 6 591 8 5 31 18 0 134 2 01,078 13 4| 19,500 0 0 || 656 3 0 te 46,750 5 9 || 33 3 11 214 13 8 46,998 3 4 |-
1824 8,146 6 10 11 10 8 98 5 10 © 10,720 6 0 || 4,266 0 8 || 459 4 5 ||10 0 0 33 12 6 134 2 0 60 18 0 1,000 0 0 || 215 13 3 | 206 13 6 25,362 3 8 || 115 9 8, 186 7 9 25,664 11 1
1825 8,622 17 6 13 0 0 | 161 0 0 || 4,015 5 4 © e 10,893 6 9 || 3,494 17 7 || 478 6 3 || 2 0 0| 39 13 11 134 2 0 940 5 2. 12,600 0 0 42 9 10 || 232 2 3 41,669 6 7 || 79 19 2. 216 17 J| 41,966 2 10
1826 8,087 3 0 15 2 0 || 266 5 4 4,371 4 7 © e 10,542 18 6 || 3,368 3 2 || 463 16 4 | . . . 20 0 3| 134 2 0 224 0 9 & © Q @ 520 0 0 28,012 15 11 || 45 3 9, 174 5 3| 28,232
Hº! 116,162 17 4 263 17 8 1,672 3 1 | 8,386 9 11 ... 137,899 1 0 || 45,426 0 11 5,303 3 6 43 0 0|197 18 62,569 4 44,637 8 3142,283 0 0 18,811 6 231,632 10 8485,288 I 4}| 730 6 O2,312 16 0.488,331 3 113
c.} 107,227 5 2 | 243 11 83 1,543 10 6 || 7,741 7 7 ... 127,291 8 6 || 41,931 14 8 |4,895 4 9 |39 13 10,182 14 02,371 11 84,280 13 9||131,338 3 1 |17,364 5 9 |1,506 19 1447,958 4 0 || 674 2 52,134 17 10.450,767 4 3
1827 8,788 0 8 Il 17 2 47 5 0 || 4,058 12 3 e & 10,860 10 7 || 3,812 19 4 || 494 6 8 23 17 11 123. 15 9. 6 17 9 © e Under name of 28,228 3 1 69 9 8 132 19 6 28,430 12 3
& Sinking Fund.
1828 6,716 8 9 16 6 8 48 8 4 || 4,340 10 3 © 11,098 19 8 || 3,235 18 2 || 435 4 7 . | 32 10 0 123 15 9 248 10 1] tº dº 58 7 6 | 1.42 15 8, 26,497 16 3 || 62 9 9| 199 11 8| 26,759 17 8
1829 6,469 18 4 || 11 4 I 40 4 2 || 4,780 1 0 © e 11,547 19 6 3,377 6 8 || 469 1 9 ... 23 l 10 123 15 149 4 5 Q & 57 5 4 © 27,049 2 10 || 55 0 8, 101 8 0| 27,205 II 6
1830 8,048 5 9 7 16 4 31 14 2 || 5,046 11 5 e Q 12,648 16 6 || 3,416 10 1 || 535 17 10 | ... | 11 0 6 123 15 9 33 10 in e e 65 19 5 . . 29,969 18 8 || 34 18 4| 108 8 4 30, 113 5 4
1831 7,605 15 2 6 17 8 39 8 4 || 5, 145 4 1 © e 12,475 4 6 3,594 9 10 || 517 2 9 .. 8 0 0 123 15 9. 35 1 8 Q & 80 5 1 220 17 9| 29,852 2 7 || 51 18 11| 266 13 5. 30,170 14 11
1832 6,419 4 10 9 10 1 49 5 0 || 4,938 8 6 || 382 5 11||11,655 17 3 || 3,032 17 11 || 442 10 9 .. 1 0 0 123 15 9. 19 16 1 o º 92 10 10 Bw Gravi 27, 167 2 11 || 24 10 10 106 16 3| 27,298 10 0
y ºraving
1833 7,668 4 5 10 5 1 2, 10 0 | 5,010 16 7 |495 9 ill 11,960 17 9 3,130 10 8 527 2 1 | .. 6 9 0|| 123 15 9| 42 6 10 o 106 2 7 1." 4| 29,278 7 0 || 29 2 11 . . 29,307 9 11
158,943 3 1 || 317 8 9, 1,821 5 6 || 41,061 11 8 || 877 15 10,209,539 14 3 || 65,532 7 4 8,316 11 2 39 13 10,288 13 33,238 1 114,816 2 * 3 1*17,824 16 6 12,045 8 10646,000 17 4 1,001 13 63,050 15 0650,053 5 10

2 C
* Increased by £20,000 in 1833, making a total of £151,338 3s. 1d.
APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 196

DISBU RSE MENTS FOR TWENTY YEARS, END E D 5TH J A N UARY 1833.
DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF THE PORT OF DUBLIN. - r --
BALLAST. PILOTS. HARBOUR. QUAYS AND LOTS. MISCELLANEOUS.. . - - *. | In Trust for others
Year W. I e
ended R E t F. t Dunleary
* - º - t #St. HTOIl * - e - - - -
tº º Pilot Super- Sundries, Steam º - G epaymen Sundries, Pensions Super- Premiums Ballast Offi House and Rent Printing - - Interest Discount ToTAL. º º GRAND TOTAL.
5th * Lighters. On Shore. Pilotage. Pilot Boats. Station at amºa Harbour. Nºwn. and . Dredging Piºus sºwn. tº: age North. South. Nº. Enclosing Harbour. Salaries. and annuated R : *. Cè *::::::: Pººl. St and Incidents. Life Boats. OI! on Sinking Fund. Sundries. i º: Balbriggan
January J Poolbeg. Pilots. Graving Slips. Vessels. Duty. Crab Lake. - Lots, &c. Charities. Officers. €WäI'CIS. £it iſºll HIOCI). ationery. Debentures. Bills. - North Lots. Harbour.
£. s. d.] §. s. d. £. s. d.ſ. 6. s. d. 6. s. d. £. s. d. 6. s. d £. s. d. £. s. d: £. s. d: £. s. d: £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.ſ. f. s. d: £. s. d: £. s. d. 4. s. d.ſ. 6. s. d.ſ. 6. s. d. 6. s. d. 6. s. d: £. s. d. 6. s. d £. s. d £. s. d: £. s. d. 6. s. d. E. s. d. E. s. d. c. S. d. 6. s. d. - £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
- “Patrick.” w - - - -
1814 || 3,471 11 1 3,105 4 3 21 4 5|| ſ 32 10 0|| 186 5 8 tº gº tº tº 6,742 2 2 500 14 8 {) 15 0 º 8,301 0 5| 2,134 16 1 411 2 7| 1,165 5 0 • ? 1,593 5 0 243 9 7 125 0 0) 279 13 6 317 14 11. 720 7 9| 249 17 5 332 11 7| 416 11 5, 88 12 4 5,400 17 5 tº º º º º, 36,260 16 84 272 7 3|| 36,533 3 1.1%
Pigeon-house -. - tº º } sº
- 3. - - - Debentures
: º 328 13 9 tº paid off. *
1815 4,030 12 7 3,162 18 9, 169 2 6 35 15 0|| 275 10 3 º ºg wº.h"|} 459 17 § 185 1011 117 3 9| . . 3,207 16 3. 505 I6 3| 42 12 8 442 16 11|| 19 8 9|| 1,611 18 4, 192 6 8, 165 0 0 384 4 6 367 2 2. 237 9 9 253 17 8, 222 4 8. 286 3 6 56 19 1| 2,217 0 0} . . . . .34,600 0 0|| 55,372 19 4 9 @ 74 18 3| 55,447 17 7
Basin. -
1,794 17 5
* - : 2 2 - - }
1816 |4,657 is 3,747 7 8 is, i. 6 48 15 0|| 422 2 11 tº º 112 8 8| 963 15 5 75 7 0 150 A 2; . . 1,255 19 7| 5,253 16 1. 64 4 8: . . 41 17 3| 1,675 5 0 218 18 2 280 0 0; 451 19 2. 280 17 1| 89 18 2. 271 17 5. 302 18 71,072 I 3 32 13 8. 2,162 0 0 . . © tº tº º 23,799 14 6 © tº 180 17 8|| 23,980 12 2
1817 | 4,098 6 6 5,389 15 8, 21 6 3 a 65 0 0|| 300 8 0} 109 12 5] . . 918 3 3| 37 10 2. . . º & 4,896 10 0 5,457 3 4. 95 11 0 & ſº 170 19 9| 1,724 15 7. 223 14 8 505 0 0 54 9 || 703 4 7. 44 9 3, 175 1711. 210 16 7 398 2 10 || 384 14 9, 2,618 0 0 tº e • * 28,603 11 7 28,603 11 7
- - º º * 3 e º º e }
1818 || 4,260 0 6 1,875 7 4| 35 10 5 - 81 5 0|| 193 4 10 16 4 10] . . 214 15 2. 32 19 11. 41 6 8 . . ||15,324 6 0} 9,032 15 10 86 12 11 521 0 0|| 144 7 || 1,763 19 10, 198 15 9 463 8 5ſ 30 0 0| 469 12 8| 67 0 10 253 15 8, 200 16 3| 413 7 11 90 11 1, 2,300 0 0 . . . tº gº & 38,111 4 11 416 12 5i, 38,527 I? 4
X- Pilotage not brought to Account.< Interest on 2 tº e }
497 16 3 - * - Stock.
1819 3,533 11 4, 2,784 12 6 20 19 1 7s 0 | 662 7 3 ſº ºn tº º 386 12 9| 121 16 2 251 18 3] . . 4,239 9 917,945 7 4. . . * > 167 8 2|| 1,749 7 5 313 7 11| 125 0 0 44 7 3| 497 1 613 10 10| 36 3 6, 177 15 4 776 14 9 || 133 13 11, 2,134 0 0 . . © 2 25 0 0|| 36,928 19 9 tº º I63 9, 10; 37,092 9 7
1820 || 4,173 I 7 3,516 7 3| 30 18 0 78 0 0|| 1,236 19 6, 2,341 11 9] . . . 985 19 || 73 13 11 382 10 1] . . 3,658 19 9| 4,060 8 0 . . © º 178 12 9|| 1,713 13 8. 276 16 || 57 6 11| 63 10 11] 267 7 10 2,724 13 6 411 11 10, 175 15 8. 261 7 4 71 19 2 2,660 0 0} . . º 29,401 4 7 || 425 15 4 183 8 10|| 30,010 8 9
* ſº te 5
... " - Law Costs }
o º tº º 2 tº iº & º º º 219 0 245 8 9 131 19 66 3 6 t º
1821 3,820 17 11, 2,593 11 s 13 5 10 96 12 0|| 1,054 14 0| 24,666 11 9 953 3 9 76 7 6 117 5 3 3,213 13 8 129 16 0 140 7 9|| 1,777 3 8. 292 10 l 5 1 11 260 15 4 325 14 11 | 162 8 8 2,294 0 0 . . tº e II0 12s 2|| 42,762 9 5 66 6 10 155 16 8|| 42,984 12 II
* - & © tº e tº ſº & ºn tº º 3 298 7 3. 105 38 0 -
ise 3,448 11 9| 1,852 4 2. 134 2 1 104 0 || 588 & 9 34,590 16 3 1,206 8 9 107 2 5 2,649 2 9 133 1 2 226 2 I,782 12 10 2s, 14 s 6 5 1 11 9 1 11 10 131 9 10 401 8 7 || 171 19 10, 2,304 0 0 170 1 6 . . 603 8 8|| 51,707 14 6 61 7 5 159 8 0 || 51,928 9 11
1823 3,935 9. If 1,455 9 3| 69 15 0 105 1 8|| 288 12 6 30,652 1 8] . . 944 2 11| 162 7 4. . . tº ºt 2,869 9 5| 79 12 3| . . © C. 258 0 9|| I,783 19 1| 278 0 8 iº & 137 3 4 223 8 8 313 6 8 66 3 6, 210 0 1 304 4 6 148 18 3| 2,476 15 0 -
2 } .* 5 Survey of - -- j - 2 - º 2 * * * * * 'le....|*.* iſ 0 || 11s 10 214 is 47.5%
- Harbour. - - º -
1824 3,250 5 3, 2,879 5 9| 93 17 11|J ||| 94 5 0|| 519 19 7| 5,713 9 2 1,501 16 7. 1,031 8 5ſ 1 4 0 27 7 9] . . 4,057 17 4 8 8 0 5,597 0 8 . . 185 5 Iſ 1,723 8 1| 322 16 9. . . 58 8 7 871 2 10 85 18 1 381 Il 19, 201 13 8. 213 11 6 || 61 13 11, 2,537 5 0 338 14 || 320 0 º 35,627 14 10 || 148 13 7, 186 7 9|| 35,962 16 2
º Store Yards. 3. y
º s º º tº º º tº 368 4 3 66 ſ & - º Law Costs.
1825 3,387 13 43,076 12 5, 192 18 3| 3,863 8 6 tº ºn 157 1 5 97 10 0|| 347 12 7 5,090 9 4, 594 3 9, 1,291 17 0 55 17 11 406 5 4|| 4,283 1 8, 103 1 3, 2,294 5 7 183 13 6|| 1,714 5 5. 323 14 11 º 62 18 S 65 17 0 3 6, 212 18 10| 292 3 8 130 4 5|3,753 10 0 3 19 5, 200 () () #. 18 2| 32,748 10 1 79 19 2. 216 17 Iſ 33,045 6 4
- - - - OIll IS Oll
- & © z & © tº G Q º a 37 264 4 7 22 1 38 P- - Debentures.
1826 3,085 7 9| 3,629 8 7 132 2 6|| 4,206 6 3 169 13 3| 104 0 0|| 554 9 11, 192 7 9 . . 1,085 8 3 150 5 2 197 9 2, 4,278 17 9, 858 7 O 316 0 0| 315 18 5|| 1,644 2 8] 303 10 7 137 6 3 22 14 4 1 11 10: 205 8 3, 165 17 5 | 120 18 2, 4,089 10 0 56 2 9 . . 637 10 0|| 27,304 18 7 © º 174 5 3| 27,479 3 10
{º}9,163 4 939,068 4 10 1,192 13 9|| 8,069 14 9 . . 326 14 8 1,020 13 s 6,630 10 9.103,373 4.11 4,332 0 217,183 14 2. 1,473 14 8. 1,195 13 4| 603 14 662,236 4 446,702 & 7, 8,907 10 |2,129 11|2,032 i 1022,257 16 7| 3,468 16 6 1,720 15 4 1,959 12 24,674 Il 10, 5,222 1710, 2,996 7 3 2,845 4 sº,327 9 7, 1,655 7 3/36,946 17 § 1,002 is a slo o 0|40,525 13 5|485,895 15 93| 897 12 º 2,399 2 8||489,192 11 23
c.}|45,381 9 036,062 19 10 1,100 18 10|7,448 19 9 . . 301 12 0 942 & 5, 6,120 911, 95,421 9 2 3,998 15 615,861 17 9. 1,360 7 5 1,103 13 10ſ 557 5 8||57,451 2 542,186 17 2 8,222 6 3, 1,965 6 5ſ 1,968 i 8|20,545 13 9, 3,201 19 9, 1,588 8 0, 1,808 17 4|4,314 0 2 4,821 2 7|2,765 7 7. 2,626 8 44,917 13 6 1,528 0 734,104 16 || 925 10 z soo is 4|37,408 6 3|448,519 3 10 || 828 ll 9| 2,214 11 8||451,562 7 3
t 2 2
Graving Slip - a'
- for Lighters. - ---
1827 | 3,482 14 9 3,037 2 7| 40 7 11|| 4,262 6 8 tº º 160 9 11| 96 0 0|| 236 17 11 59 10 5 2,251 11 10 909 3 8, 151 19 5 37 4 I 64 14 7| 6,841 2 11| 114 6 2. . . tº Lº 178 7 11|| 1,426 13 9| 299 11 10 e ſº 30 18 10 243 3 4 36 15 3 61 l 8, 187 14 6 148 3 10 117 6 10, 3,505 15 5 12 12 0 27,993 18 0 132 19 6|| 28,126 17 6
- tº © º tº * * > & tº 3
1828 526 17 9| 3,043 14 31 19 1|| 4,233 4 7 . . 165 11 : 4 727 7 10 15 4 4 7,315 13 1. 66 10 10] . . 80 0 0| 40 2 9] ... • 27 13 10 286 7. 2 24 0 8 352 4 8, 188 &
- 2, as iſ ,018 14 a 1 1|| 4, * 185 4 9, 102 0 || 53 4 809 19 9 103 8 6 16 13 iſ 7,315 13 11 4 | is is a 1,400 m 296 is --- 12 10; 216 10 0 || 83 4 1 3,517 12 10 . . 823 7 6 Fine 27,248 11 8 || 111 3 11| 199 11 8|| 27,569 7 3
1829 - 4,868 - 0 & ſº 0. 58 4 8 401 0 7 47 13 2, 61 - - IIlêS.
2,525 0 0| 2,856 12 6 25 12 9|| 4,868 12 1 18 11 0, 203 18 1ſ 108 0 0|| 180 14 0 59 7 10 89 2 2 682 IZ 4 35 5 5| 10 5 9 0 16 iſ 6,547 12 6 72 l 7 42 18 4|| 167 2 10|| 1,419 0 4 256 15 5. 32 6 8 1 8, 201 13 1. 407 1 9 || 102 4 10| 3,509 9 9 6 18 1 - 312 5 4 2 6 2 25,312 11 1 & © 101 8 0|| 25,413 19 1
1830 3,047 19 1 3,516 5 2 19 9 3|| 5,003 0 3 17 6 93 0 0|| 188 19 2 57 12 8; 71 6 1| 603 15 5| 50 10 11 18 1 1 Tº º 5,992 19 1 55 13 8 tº º tº ſº. 256 1,419 0 4, 306 4 10 & © 50 10 11; 366 8 4 946 16 6. 368 18 6, 201 18 6
} 3. 3. 383 17 3. 169 18 7 93 Dredging 10 1 3 15 1|| 1,41 - 279 13 0 91 5 1 3,478 5 7 . . 320 19 5] . . 27,359 3 0 89 19 0 108 8 4|| 27,557 10 4
1831 939 10 6: 2,715 18 7 2 11|| 5,075 13 83 13 10 90 6 7||Barge, No. 1. 3 11 56 10 3 0 27 13 10 323 2 3 43 10 7| 61 8 - -
2,939 10 6: 2,715 1 50 2 11 1,724 6 2 93 0 0|| 5,7 59 17 0|{Patent Slip. |} 4,608 || 0 90 5 1 5 13 1 9 14 3|| 756 10 3 1 13 l! . . - G 204 14 8|| 1.473 14 2. 358 6 4. . . l 210 i4 7 2
5 J j ,72 * * * * } ºj” l J * H 65 7 8 || 119 15 10| 3,426 12 1. . . 385 5 1 - - || 36,400 9 6 || 114 8 8. 266 13 5|| 36,781 11 7
1832 & • * 2 24 7 10ſ). * tº º ſº tº 7 13 10; 308 14 4ſ 38 () 7| 6 & ‘w -
2,553 4 5 2,327 I 5 146 14 1|5,112 12 2 1,408 11 1, 175 2 3 96 0 0 º 19 9 82 11 *{sº 19 |}1,061 13 11] 236 6 10, 18 9 2. 19 14 9|| 661 15 2. 70 6 4 - 31 5 O|| 161 3 4|| 1,499.10 0 403 14 1 27 13 l i 8, 178 9 2 102 12 6 37 18 l 3,466 3 5 53 16 8 347 10 10 . . || 33,426 1 4 24 10 10 106 16 3| 33,557 8 5
3 5 10 0 - ſº 2 10 27 ſº wº Stamps.
isºs |2,939 0 |2,287 5 4 1944 |4,886 in 5 & 1 & 172 9 s 98 0 |7,469 in 10 160 is ſon: ". |}1,133 12 0 18 12 3. . . C & 404 12 10| 31 19 3. . . g 190 5 & 1,496 0 4, 472 17 2 6 5 0 35 5 4 362 10 7 11 0 335 0 9, 155 1610| 139 7 2 | 92 3 s 3,518 12 10 321 7 g 361 2 z º."; * 9 2 | . . . . || 29,787 9 2
A- * 6. 605 9 pº pº -
65,395 16 055,846 19 9, 1,579 8 11||40,890 19 10 3,866 7 o 1,543 19 º 1,828 3 5||25,840 17 7, 95,964 6 221,796 6 125,588 8 11, 2,046 15 10 1,208 12 º 668 19 3|85,971 8 942,629 8 I 8,222 6 3| 2,519 9 º 3,281 4 5|30,680 3 8 5,596 s 2 1,626 19 0] 2,066 18 7 6,605 6 5,985 10 4 4,055 18 2, 3,951 7 105,476 9 5 || 2,191 19 058,526 8 0 1,320 5 3,091 6 137,470 3 5||656,047 7 7 || 1,168 14 2, 3,130 8 * 10 7
2 D
APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. . - 199

L H G H T S A C C O U N T.
DISBURSEMENTS FOR TWENTY YEARS, ENDED 5th JANUARY 1833.
- LIGHTHOUSES.
Year * - º - r = -
ended 5th - -
J. & • 4All. • All * g ingford - * * * - 1 - re - - tº * tº * & - ings- || --. . & tº * -
anuary Ardglass Arranmore. Arran Island. Balbriggan. Cranfield. culingford. º: Cape Clear. cº º Charlesfort. Cork. Copeland. Dunleary. Duncannon. | Dunmore. º * Howth Head. #.º Howth Pier. Hook. Innistrahul. Innishgort. Kinsale. Kiłkadraane. º Killybegs. Loophead. | Loughswilly. Larne. * * North Wall.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. . a. º. º. aſ e. g. al e, , a] e. ... a c. ... a c. ... a c. . a. £. s. d: £ 3, d. 6 s. d. E. s. d: £. s. d £. s. d: £ 3, d. f. s. d. 6. s. d, e. s. d. e. s. d. E. s. d. e. s. d. 6 s. d. E. s. d £. s. d. 4. s. d, e. s. d. 4. s. d. t. s. d:
1814 • * 481 4 0 . . 397 9 10) 643 11 0 . . . tº ſº. . . 326 15 8! . . . . 1:10 18 7, 247 3 11, 2, 159 17 8, 164 5 10 157 1 7 . . tº º 395 13 3 6,549 9 6 . . 1,581 13 11 5,810 19 1. . . 7,157 12 3 tº º º, ſº tº º 49s 6 & 248 15 5. . . . . . . & ſº 5 12 8
1815 . . . . . . 285 14 7 52 10 11 72 11 11| 133 19 4. . . tº ſº © tº 313 4 9 92 8 0 18 0 7. 175 10 4 3,895 2 4 116 15 9 34 4 7 . . tº C. 92 2 4| 4,550 8 3. . . 456 19 9| 315 5 2. . . 3,350 -3 6} . . tº º tº gº 268 10 11j 426 13 10 . . . . . . . . 5 12 8
1816 • * 124 6 0 . . 55 7 0; 588 17 9 . . tº º ſº tº 308 17 11] . . 33 17 l; 1,793 17 8 3,123 10 10 , 51 13 3 23 15 0 . . . © º 90 0 0| 600 19 5 - e. 413 0 8| 373 ll 8 . . 470 1 3 tº G • e - e. 1,389 7 6 2,374 16 2. . . . 1,703 5 4: . . 5 12 si
1817 288 8.4 569 is 6' 1,098 is 5 4 10 2 1,29, 14 iſ . . tº e 768 14 8, 309 16 2 25 19 4, 23 15 0| 2,840 7 2 928 4 11. 47 1 1 81 7 1. . . tº º 137 19 4, 237, 16 11 . . 590 9 2. 276 18 1 . . 374 14 10 ! . . • * 1 s • 1,041 5 11 1,816 18 9 . . 1,226 2 5 . . . 5 12 8;
1818 197 18 3, 1,530 16 4 3,108 1 3| 43 2 6, 899 0 º tº º tº 2,349. 4 8. 313 2 10| 2,417 4 0 25 1 7| 1,075 14 7 752 17 6. 49 9 5 109 13 4. . . tº º 119 11 O 281 6 5 . . 468 5 11. 856 9 8 . . 1,035 in 5 tº tº gº tº Q 581 16 6 889 7 8 . . 716 19 4. . . 5 12 8
1819 200 15 7 717. 5 10, 1,927 5 I 114 6 1 499 13 2. . . tº dº 5,525 1 0 318 15 9 2,548.17. 9| 66 1 0, 249 4 4. 533 17 3 85 1 4 116 7 9] . . Q. C. 58 4 || 654 6 2. 297 4 6 747 15 5| 550 8 6. . . 1,115 12 6 e G • ‘e • . 482 10 0; 255 10 1. . . 373 16 4. . . 26 12 8
1820 lsº 17 5 1,711 12 7| 438 17. 8 1,395 13 4. 432 14 7 27 9 4. . . 545 8 6. 388 6 8, 1,495 18 7 65 14 2. 269 17 5 822 13 10 78 14 0 264 6 8 . . tº º 90 12 0 828 9 10, 306 16 3. 607 10 2 717 1 4 . . 779 13 7 | . . • • e - 480 1 -9| 279 10 3| . . 193 9 9 . . 104 9 4
1821 189 9.8 1,366 15 5 622 15 6' 968 3 s. 558 16 3 6,587 1 4 . . 706 Il 4. . . . 1,115 13 7 .90 7 1| 308 17 8 778 15 7, 83 4 9 85 15 0 . . • * 1,174 4 | 1,085 & 2 676 16 5 487 12 9 502 10 2 . . 644. 4 3 tº º • • • * 449 }4 4 395 6 || . . 586 13 10 . . 6] 3 0
1822 204 12 5 585 6 4' 617 in 10 214 10 4, 56, 17 4, 6,180 12 0 . . 563 0 10} . . . 525 1 0 90 5 0 274 10 3 695 - 0, 8: 82 0 3 100 14 0 . . . . 22 17 d 450 4 in 541 14 8. 381 in a 794 16 s . . 838 11 2 2,228 1 10 . . tº º 1,445 16 4 373 17 4. . . 359 13 3 12 10 7| 525 13 9
1823 216 9 6 591 14 0 562 14 10 465 8 8; 435 4 2. 7,270 ré 6 . . 454 i4, 3] . . 422 19 9| 67 0 10, 294 9 7" 483 14 1: 78 17 7 82 7 3. . . . . . . . . 491 6 10 493 12 7| 604 3 9| 455 12 3. . . . 654 7 6 1,397 17 529 6 . . 1,150 18 l 310 3 11 . . . 315 16 6. . . 1, 170 16 0
1824 15715 6 591 16 6. 503 4 2. 134 19 4 426 10 4 3,132 9 6 . . 587 12 2 . . 746 3 6 120 6 || 247 19, 7' 468 10 || 56 14 6 92 3 11 . . tº C. . . 344 16 5. 269 15 0. 615 5 1. 1,336 19 9 . . . 827 in 11 | 1,452 13 10 . . . . . 488 15 3| 324 10 0 . . . 316 9 5 6 5 8, 285 18 1
1825 190 1 2 1,423 17 4 457 5 2. 221 17 0 351 5 6' 2,014 2 2 . . . 426 3 7 . . 644 - 7 10 66 5 3 228 6 5 653 kā 2: 68 2 8 97 6. 2 . . C - . . . 748 9 gl 195 9 & 749 7 o' 730 11 g . . . 581 in 3 | 1,266 7 . . . . . 677 19 10 292 18 7 . . . 271 7 I () 3 19 10 108 4 8
1826 521 11 3 526 15 8 469 0 6, 151 8 6. 39 19 4, 1,237 1 6] . . 447 11 6 • ‘ e 539 18 7 50 15 6, 282 3 4 482 15 8 63 17 8 81 19 1 50 10 2 . . . • e | 568 8 & 192 & 2, 576 10 o' 545 in 18 0 0 1,778 1 2 | 405 8 9 . . . . . 826 15 S. 330 3 3. . . 303 3 8, 2,503 17 8, 111 15 4
Late Irish - gº jºy - - .. - - - . - - - - º, - - - - . .
É.} *** *** * * * * * * * * * 6,887 87%,4913 4|. . . 12,374 2 & 2,278 19 10,574 in in 858 7 g 8,288 2 315,778 15 7. 1,025 is 1 1,327 5 50 10 2 . . . 2,181 2 illz,401 & 0 2,973 16 s s,280 14 inha,366 is 1 is 0 0 19,607 15 7, 8,750 a slºg 1 g . . 9,7s, is 4 s,sis 11 4 . . 6,366 17 8. 2,526 13 9| 2,422 16 2
In British t * - - - - . . . . . - -- s. . - - •. .
gº) 2,101 16 || 9,698 18, 8 9,099 18 9, 3,950 4 7 6,338 1s 824,415 0 7 ſº 11,422 5 5| 2,103 13 7, 9,761 – 3 4 792 7 2 7,640 11 314,565 0 5 946 19 8ſ 1,224 19 9| 46 12 5. . . 2,013 7 216,062 14 9| 2,745 I S. 7,643 15 412,338 9 10 16 12 4, 18,099 10 9 6,230 18 625 16 9. . . 9,029 9 3| 7,678 13 6 . . 5,877 2 5 2,332 6 6 2,236 8 9
1827 | 163 19 5 456 1 2 436 8 4, 196 5 10 . . 1,974 13 3. . . . 385 15 2. . . 600 3 11 53 18 8 248 7 10 489 10 2 53 16 4 87 6 2. 306 4 6 . . . . . 428 9 9. 204 2 iſ 737 & 1 507 110 460 4 g| 1,082 10 2 369 16 3. . . . . . . 337 1 10 220 19 7 . . . 331 13 1. 6,866 10 10 120 2 5
1828 143 14 4 370 2 4 475 19 0 162 10 7 . . 562 10 3. . . . 270 0 11] . . . 467 l l 75 3 l 169 kb 8 421 1 iſ 64 10 4, 82 11 3| 143 17 0 . . . . . . 370 3 & 265 9 2 54s 11 of 499 2 3 481 is 7 329 4 2 286 6 . . . . . . 352 19 9, 228 13 9| . . 257 2 9 6,771 12 6 84 0 6
1829 133 5 6' 399 2 0| 453 9 8, 162 11 3} . . 477 17 6. . . . 445 4 8: . . 442 14 3| 76 5 3| 210 13 3. 501 2 10 66 16 8, 141 11 3}. 122 0 3. . . . . . 516 in a 268 14 iſ 442 10 g 594 3 2 1,120 12 7 637 8 4 || 292 12 9 . . . . . . 438 15 11 330 14 9 . . 302 5 4 8,796 14 5| 83 3 4
1880 171 13 5 407 19 10 496 l l 220 10 7 . . . 599 12 9 2,098 7 : 4) 669 12 8 . . 550 & 10 126 12 2. 217 4 4 832 12 in 96 3 & 113 10 & 16 s 8 . . • * 460 17 11 288 0 6 766 0 0 613 12 10 1,116 6 11 703 12 3 342 15 2. . . . 510 13 0. 504 9 0 253 1 5. . . 324 4 8 5,958 0 0 180 15 2
1831 || 145 18 7 355 19 11 588 1 0 151 17 2 . . 632 7 4 2,613 18 9| 471 15 3. . . 476 16 || 91 14 9, 279 7 5 1,184 H1 1 68 0 6 123 5 5 136 16 6. . . . . . 404 11 4 246 9 8 727 4 4 684 & 2 692 9 5 667 16 2 | 848 16 || . . 3,389 7 6 595 18 11. 416 8 1. . . 358 13 6 3,395 12 0 74 5 0
1832 156 10 5 366 19 3| 492 5 10, 177 10 7 . . * * * 495 6 % 868 & 1 . . . 1,964 11 6 104 0 5 2,392 12 7 771 13 5 33 18 2 105 8 9. 148 0 1,252 15 7 . . . 430 3 10, 297 5 9 913 10 0 613 7 3 287 17 7. 698 15 6 403 17 11 . . . 4,157 11 11 508 5 2. 295 17 8 . . 440 15 5. 2,737 14 0 148 9 10
1833 : 113 15 9 286 11 6 465 18 10 139 17 0 . . 594 11.11, 192 8 7 1,036 ll 3. . . 721 11 s 2 103 0 3 1,787 4 8: 460 H2 6 . . 82 14 9, 116 iO 6, 5,453 19 11 . . 365 14 4. 236 l l 560 1 10, 574 0 7 818 & 9 587 10 11 || 255 0 11 . . 1,763 11 4 389 0 3 252 10 2. 287 19 8 310 1 4 1,725 6 9. 163 8 6
| 3,130 13 612,341 14 312,508 2 ºf 5,161 7 7 6,338 18 830,144 13 11 5,400 0 1015,569 7 5 2,103 13 714,934 3 2 1,423 1 * 18 019223 4 5, 1,330 4 11. 1,961 7 9. 1,166 12 0 6,706 15 & 2,013 7 219,039 7 0. 4,551 4 312,338 19 416,424 6 0 4,494 5 9 23,006 8 3 | 8,529 19 126 16 9ſ 9,821 3 812,356 0 || 9,676 18 11. 287 19 8 8,201 18 638,583 17 0 3,090 13 6
2 E
APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND.
200.
** L I G H T S A C C O U N T S-(continued).
DISBURSEMENTS FOR TWENTY YEARS, ENDED 5th JANUARY 1883. *
LIGHTHOUSES. LIGHT SHIPS. * - - - - - MISCEL OUS
Year Tenderst ------- - º - i. 3tº:
- - €11018): 'S tº 0 Tender to - -
ended 5th tº † Commissi G ToTAL
. | Skelli ſº Wicklow Lighthouses. * .. - * * * * Light Shi - III'llSSIOIl General eneral - Printin Super- Pensions | Premiums “.
r Poolbeg. South Rock. Slyne Head. | Sligo. Tusker. Tory. Tarbert. § Richmond. Relief. Star. Seagull. Brilliant. 1g ps. || Beacons Bullock OIl g Account, g Rents 3. ---> p - * º -
January ; - (Two). É 1811 and Buoys. | Harbour. |Light Duties, Discount. A* Lighthouse Oil store. pººl. | st i. Salaries. º cº R º Incidents. Sundries. -
* - British. g Stores. ationery. ightkeepers. aritløS. €WàI’Ois.
* tº tº * tº * & * 3. . d. £. * # * tº * ſº - !. iº º :- & s . : - : -- - l
£. s. d £. s. d. 6. s. d. , 8. s. d: £ 3 - £. & . s, d.l £, s, d - £. s. d.ſ. f. s. d.ſ. 6. s. d: £. s. d: £. s. d: £. s. d. f. s. d.ſ. f. s. d.ſ. f. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £, s. d. &. s. d. £. s. d.l. £. s. d.l £. s. d. £. s. d.l É. s. d.l £. s. d. £. s. d. f. s. d. £. s. * £. s. d. £. s. d.
. * - - - Road to Howth
. . . . . . 9,185 10 0 . . & Cº. i Bayley. .
1814 6,418 14 * 1,105 18 k 6 • . i ,18 1. 517 3 11 tº º 2,809 9 5 tº Q , G tº tº gº tº gº tº tº º tº tº tº º tº º º & 1,046 15 2 tº º e." 123 6 6 655 0 0} . . . 107 5 3. . . 425 6 8 1,280 0 10 || 50,641 1 0
- e Ç tº º * > 9 223 18 3 & g { } T tº º - •
1815 4,851 16 9. 1,941 13 10 ſº 676 l 2} . . 1,833 10 3 tº ſº. © & ſº º tº e & *...: tº tº º tº dº 6,557 1 104 120 18 9, 30 l. 7, 157 14 2 78 4 2 687 10 0 . . 214 15 7 . . 711 16 63 747 8 5 || 42,493 10 11
© tº . . 12,103 4 2 . . * . . sº - . .
1816 380 .." 521 3 7| . . --~ 796 II 1 tº º 1,472 3 7| . . • * tº tº tº gº • * & 9 tº tº tº º {º ſº 2,780 16 9 2 13 9| 294 14. 9. 127 6 2 86 6 3 771 5 0 2 16 10 141 9 2 37 10 0 1,352 5 1 286 2 9 || 34,681 7 11
- . . 1,556 10 6] . . tº º * : - - ; s - - - - - - - I
1817 188 19 6 572 13 5; . . tº tº ~~ - 715 13 4 || . . . 1,138 14 6: . . tº º e º & ©. . . || 1,032 3 6] . . 136 6 0 . . 3,041 is 6 139 14 § 413 8. § 187 12 2 71 16 s 1,211 15 4 11 5 9. 194 14 * : * | * * * 9 5, 6 || 24,859 11 3
- tº ſº . . . 994 14 4. . . . . . Store Yard.
1818 1,353 16 11 625 11 3: ... • 3,122 14 10 $ 2 1,202 15 8 . . tº e tº ſº tº º § -º 125 18 7 . . 167 14 2. . . 2,102 19 10 tº º 445 15, 2} . . 112 g : 1,109 13 s 40 11 g 194 9 6 - . . . 284 Il 9 1,187 4 3 || 39,89° 17 °
º iº - 873 & tº * * 3. - * - . g 3 -
1819 3,881 9 0. 610 12 10 tº º cº º ; 9 11 10,598 II 3 ſº tº 1,395 12 10 tº º tº º tº º Q & * * 820 14 10 25, 5 7. 223 4 5) . . tº ºr tº Tº 18] 1, 4, 187 12 2. 159 9 7| 1,090 18 8 26 7 4, 166 8 7 . . #77 5 8 353 13 l || 38,235 18 3
d º o © ſº 679 9 4 º tº tº .. - - - - - ---
1820 |13,037 7 1. 19 5| - • 3,327 4 9 . . || 2,311 19 || . . tº º tº 9 tº tº º º 2,056 7 2, 5,377 17 245 5 2. . . tº ſº tº º 36 3. 8] . . . 130 3 5| 1,090 18 8 66 17 4 151 0 4 • * 495 12 8 241 IO 3 || 43,182 15 2 |
P. tº º tº ſº 824 12 4 tº º tº º . .
1821 5,682 18 4, 2,197 16 9| 99 3 2. . - 999 II 10 . . || 1,613 15 2. . . tº º º, ſº tº Q tº º 66 12 9. 1,131.18 O 240 12 0 . . tº º, tº º 5 11 10 315 s 4 134 is 1,128 s s ss 7 4 139 10 0 . . 38112 7 || 100 4 2 | * * *
dº tº . . . 797 16 5. . . tº º ‘. - - 147 0 3
1822 || 7,213 14 5) 495 9 6 3,726 6 10 - 1,205 5 8 & e 1,312 12 7 tº ºf tº º & ſº tº tº gº 379 8 10 10 9 3| 217 18 3. . . tº º © tº 8 13 10 - . 85 1 1 1,140 18 8 88 7 4 113 5 0 2 5 6' 282 5 10 { * 36,332 6 10
- * * - . * . 3. * 24 16 11
! . . tº dº 628 16 4 tº gº. º, º - {} - '•.
1823 | 1,055 0 4, 576 2 7 3,912 7 9 1,500 3 7 || . . || 1,921 13 7 . . tº; tº º' tº º tº º 176 5 10 . . . 228, 15 3. . . tº Q. ſº ſº. 14 0 1 315 8 '4. 119 19 4, 1,140 18 8 84 12 4, 112 18 3. . . . * * * ** tº 30,608 10 11 ||
g is . . . . 602 11 11 . . tº º . - * - Store Yard. || || -
1824 2,790 4 9, 1,231 6 1 3,726 3 7 . 1,023 12 8 tº º 1,047 10 0 . . tº C tº ſº r • * ſº tº 3,513 13 9}, . . 250. 13 11: . . tº e tº ºr 3 10 6 - . 90 18 s 1,357 10 0 95 5 6' 145 0 0 100 0 0| 248 17 3 3 13 29,764 17 7
1825 1,898 5 7 2,007 19 6 2,311 19 9 - - º º 695 2 5 © º tº tº 806 6 3 1,127 8 10] 1,476 4 7 2,869 5 11 -- - - 25 2 5 .
5 } | - - Q Q 3. Q ºf 2 * *. -, ſº tº & Cº. 348 13 2. . . . 293, 18 11 . . tº º, . Q 12 4 6 315 s 4 133. 4 3 1,354 7 6 85 5 0 90 0 0 100 0 0 380 7 1 || Lºy,Cºts...}|*,971 ° 7 |
Fal #: - 271 2 2J
– . - alCOIl. - argaret º
- | tº tº tº dº 927 18 9 * . L. tº garet, - w . - - Stone Yard.
1826 876 13 8 667 15 7| 4,350 0 3 811 1 5 || 510 17 7| 1,181 11 2 . . 3,612 5 5, 4,201 8 9 . . . 491 3 " 195 17 0 . . . 284. 5 0 12 18 ll Q 1. tº º 8 13 9] . . 163 15 8 1,357 10 0 83 0 0 76 10 0 . . 232 11 10 21 15 I || 33,156 3 1
Late Irish - . . 89,093 14 8. . . tº tº - . - . || - -- . . . . - - - ,
à. 49,629 2 8|14,009 2 1018,086 1 4 - . º 26,100 1 9}|| 510 17 7|20,368 16 8 Q & 5,088 10 0 7,070 14 s tº º , 491 3 10 8,715 15 5, 6,545 10 6, 2,288 13 1. 12 18 11 14,482 16 11}| 1,310 2 1 1,453 18 11 1,606 9 8, 1,509 1 414,096 14 10 672 15 9. 1,847 6 11] 239 13 6|5,503 19 3} 5,158 19 4 ||458,744 l 4
In British . . 36,086 10 6 tº º * F tº - - i. r - : e -- - - - -
º,sil 10 212,931 10 316,693 18 2. . . 3. * 7 9 471 11 7||18,802 0 0} . . 4,697 1 6 6,526 16 10 . . 453 8 2 8,045 6 6 6,042 0 5 2,112 12 1| 11 19 0 13,368 15 8 || 1,209 6 6 1,342 2. 1: 1,482 18 2. 1,392 13 813,012 7 6 621 0 8, 1,705 & 11| 221 6 75,080 11 7 || 4,762 2 6 ||423,456 l 3 ||
sº º tº ſº 622 3 1 tº gº * @ * - - I, - * '. - -
1827 676 17 7 435 17 11 9,667 13 2 .. 798 16 3 69 5 4|| 1,088 15 8, 2,641 17 1 1,543 3 3 1,532 12 4. . . 260 19 .0|| 578 14 3. . . . 18716 || 183 10 11 tº º- tº º 8 13, 1] 291 3 0 323 4 7, 1,509 14 11. 72 5 0 78.8 0 . . 284 0 9 º º 40,325 18 7
* 8 0 1 - -
tº tº tº C 645 4 3} . . & a - , ºf B 'A' | | | | * in a ..}º º! -
1828 349 6 9. 399 0 4, 5,794 2 2 ; : 1,132 7 10 | lº, | e G 3,202 12 6 975 7 6 1,177 18 5 . . 229 is 0 166 10 0' . . tº º 298 5 3 ºf º tº º 4, 11 9 - . 186 6 6 1,476 10 8 61 16 6| 66 8 9 - - 333 5 7 tº ſº. 31,484 18 10
- Q & tº 647 2 5. tº ſº. . tº º - 10 10 0 - - . || | - - .
1829 298 I 9 518 16 5 4,730 2 2 • 1,083 g a {i,s} 6 |} Q & 962 12 11 901 9 10 1,000 11 5. . . 479 16 || 280 16 11 . . . . . . 98 3, 11 tº... tº º º 3, 2, 4, 291 3 0 237 19 3 1,476 10 8 61 16 4 81 8 9 • 255 17 3 * tº 32,180 0 11
- tº º s & 74 8 924 5 © º - - ! . - . -
1830 2,278 0 9| 464 8 3,373 18 7 º 6 0 15 10 - 1,032 19 0 tº it tº ºt 1,437 14 5, 988 17 s 1,209 19 10 . . 284 4 10|| 794 5 6' . . tº . . tº º º tº ſº 9 2 0 . . 277 1 3| 1,544 8 61 16 : 80 18 10 344 17 10 e e 34,607 7 4
- tº ſº º, tº 720 9 || 2,764 16 11 1,276 7 0 - - , A * * . . . . . .” . . - . - -
1831 | 1,439 1 3: 531 6 1 1,273 l 5 - 3. 1,026 8 7 tº gº . . 1,376 7 4 I, 119 17 3| 1,246 3 4. . . 245 17 1|| 798 11 11] . . tº ... .º tº º gº tº º ºg 275 14 0 291 3 o' 310 8 1 1,704 4 6 57 4 1 112 14 8 . . . * * * &. º. 36,272 11 5
- 19 | - ſº tº 54 17 9| 4,606 17 - - * * . - - -
- i - 50 1 d -- - - Chart of Coast
- - aw -g rº ** * ! Z. 656 4 Il 5,804 - - - - --- - | 1 oo; 17 1 ". . - . . - 37 16 8 of Ireland. -
1833 673 4 5 384 19 5 1,017 0 104,367 4 0. 440 4 7 656 4 || 5,804 18 5 627 5 682 4 2 | Supply. | tº ºr 1,085 11 2 338 14 § 1,225 17 || 3,648 is 1 50 14 1|| 308. 1 9 . . tº º tº º tº gº. tº ſº; 107 10-11] ... . 127 4 4, 1,706 9. 10R Messenger. 132 14 8 . . 447 4 9 788 16 2)|| 47,948 10 9
r 3,234 5 2. - - 3 *. 6 5 0 - Stamps.
- - - 55 7 1
61,901 10 316,178 9. sº 0 9| 7,136 4 1 440 4 741,878 11 1014,101 8 4|2,195 9 2 30,552 & 2 || 5,000 • *.* 15 8||11,661 12 311,088 12 : 114,962. 13 11| 3,648 15 1| 2,298 3 * iſ 6,042 0 & 2,299 8 2. 591 10 1 13,368 15 8 | 1,209 6 & 2,249 18 6. 2,647 10 2 3,117 11 1024,137 4 g| 1,023 7 11, 2,361 7 3 221 6 77,969 1 9 5,606 ° 9 |388,112 19 5

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 20I
DUBLIN.
The proceedings of the Ballast Board are evidently viewed with considerable jealousy by a
large proportion of those whose interests are affected by the exercise of the authorities
confided to them as a corporation. This result seems, in part, attributable to the constitution
of the body, which, being almost exclusively self-elective, is not subjected to any direct control
either of the citizens or of the persons interested in the trade and shipping of the port; in part,
also, it seems attributable to the course of conducting their works and dealing with their
funds, in which they have persevered for a long series of years; a course, in some respects,
certainly not in conformity with the code of laws by which they ought to have been governed,
and, in other respects, of at least questionable and problematical expediency.
"Some complain that whilst the members, individually, are of the highest respectability, their
duties are such as most of those who compose the Board are not competent to discharge.
Some degree of nautical skill or information, it is contended, is requisite to the proper dis-
charge of the functions committed to them with reference to lighthouses, the placing of buoys
and beacons, the establishment of floating lights, and the pilotage of the port; and it is said
it would be desirable that they should themselves inspect, and be qualified, on inspection, to
judge of the propriety of the works, and not be altogether dependent upon the reports or
opinions of their officer.
Again, the whole business and execution both of their works in the harbour and of the light-
houses round the coasts of Ireland are confided by the Board to the management of a single
officer, and it seems scarcely possible that the whole can be properly executed, or properly or
economically managed.
The ordering of stores and all kinds of articles for the use of these extensive works appears
to be confided exclusively to the same officer. There are no contracts, no advertisements for
proposals, no public competition, nor any private competition other than what the inspector
may afford in his individual endeavour to get the goods at as low a price as he can. When
the dealer calls for payment there is no investigation; the inspector certifies that the goods
have been supplied, and that the prices are correct; and upon his certificate the bills are
ordered to be paid.
The not attending to applications requesting that the supplies should be opened to public
competition, the possibility of loss from the want of such competition, and the peculiar circum-
stances under which articles had been supplied by members of the Board, and by others sup-
posed to be favoured by them, had, we found, caused a suspicion to attach as to the motives
of even those respectable individuals of whom the body was composed. -
Instances of this imputed favouritism were alleged and brought forward on the one hand,
and repelled on the other, and explanations were given to show that those who made the accu-
sations were under misconceptions in some of their allegations; but we do not think it likely
that the public generally can be satisfied while the course of dealing disclosed to us is per-
severed in. -
We particularly mention an instance, not as one of those in which any imputation was cast,
but as one which, from the magnitude of the sums of money involved, and from its relating to
an article (oil), in the supply of which to another body (the Paving Board) the grossest mis-
management was disclosed upon a former investigation, exemplifies the great importance of
the question to the public interests. -
A single house, in a single year, was paid the following sums, under the various heads of
account, for oil supplied to this corporation:-
Messrs. RATHBOURNE.
1832. Port Account.
Ballast-office House. f'. s. d.
12 gallons oil, 24th December 4 i 0
Oil, 10th February . . 4 J 0
,, 12th March . 2 O 6
,, 30th April ſº | 16 6
,, 27th September . 3 13 0
, 5th January. I 16 6 f'. s. d.
17 8 6
Dredging-barge:
Oil, 29th December . . fºj 1 3
,, 11th February 10 2 2
,, 19th March . 3 () 10
,, 25th April . . 3 O 10
,, . 1 th March . tº º ºs º º 3 () iO
, 24th September & ſº tº º º 6. I 8
,, 3d December . . . º 12 3 0
,, 17th December . 3 O 10
wº- 45 11 5
Pilot Station, Poolbeg:
Oil f() 13 6
3.5 O 13 6
3 y tº 0 12 2
5 y * () 12 2
53 e l 4 4
52 & O I 2 2
4 7 10
\ Carried forward . . 67 7 9
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
General Remarks. '
2 F
DUB.E.E.N.,
202 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNIGIPAL.
R.EGULATIONS.
- fº. 3. d.
Lighthouse Account: Brought forward g 67 7 9
Ardglass . f'46 9 9
Arranmore 123 7 10
Arran Island . . . . . . 197 11 2
Balbriggan . . . . . . . . .42 17 1
Carlingford . . . . . . . 258 13 11
Carlingford Lough . . . . . . . 76 5 11
Cape Clear . . . . . . . . . 199 I 7
Clare Island . . . . . . . . 230 14 3
Charlesfort . . . . . . . . 47 14 l
Cork . . . . . . . . . . 77 16 4
Copeland. . . . . . . . . 245 6 3
Dunmore . . . . . . . . 39 16 3
Duncannon . . . . . . . . 30 13 9
Eagle Island . . . . . . . . . 24., 6 0
North Bayly . . . . . . 186 13 2
North Pier 109 || || 1
Hook . . . . . . . . 170 16 10
Innisgort . . . . . . . . . .60 15 S
Innistrahul . . . . . . 226 15 2
Kinsale 231 12 6
Kilkadraam . 131 18 2
Killybegs . 183 12 4
Loughswilly . 110 0 2
Loophead 137 I 3 9
Marders . 4S8 16 0
Mutton . . 128 17 4
North Wall . . . . . . . . 17 3 11
5.5 tº º e º e s et & I.3 7 4
3.5 *s 16 8 2
3.5 16 14 3
— 3,871 0 10
Poolbeg . . . . . f.33 7 7
55 . . . . . 30 19 10
53 . . . . . 124 6 1
tº smºsºsºsºmºmºsº 188 13 6
South Rock . 91 10 |
Skelleys . . 309 17 8
Slyne Head . 37 19 9
Tusker 214 5 9
Tring 152 17 11
35 ° e 152 11 10
Wicklow . 338 19 II
“ Relief” . * fºl& 4 2
53 . . . . . 24 12 1
3.5 . . . . . 38 5 10
25 . . . . . 39 16 3
95 . . . . . 36 3 3
— 157 1 7
<< Star” , , . . f. 20, 13 0
55 . . . . . 41 0 7
g $º 61 13 7
“Seagull” . . . f24 5 4
53 . . . . 31 12 0
&ºm====ºmºsºme 55 17 4
“ Brilliant” 121 10 8
ſº * fº,523 5 3
This house, exclusively, has been supplying oil to the Ballast Board for upwards of seven
years.
The following was the statement made to us on the subject of the supply of this article by
the inspector of works –“The supply of oil has latterly been got from Henry Rathbourne,
Essex-street, for the last four or five years. The practice is to send to the agent in London
and Liverpool once a-year, to get the prices from three or four of the most respectable houses
in the trade, and then to get one from him. We do not get any from other houses in Dublin:
some years ago we did. There is no other house in Dublin, extensively engaged in it, who
could give the supply. The annual supply is upwards of 70 tuns. It is all got in Dublin,
and sent to the lighthouses. I do not know that the London prices are communicated to
Mr. Rathbourne. I have often got supplies from London, but not for the last five years. I
have never seen the London prices; I cannot tell whether there is a discount on the article.
The article supplied by Rathbourne is generally very good; it is very seldom complained of
The oil is supplied under the name of the best sperm oil. It is entered in my books as received
on board the ship, . The consumption of the lights is “checked' by so many burning at the
same time, under the care of different persons. The “check is, first, the delivery of the cask
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 203
DUBLIN.
on board the ships; and, next, the light-keeper measuring it, to see that he has got the supply
sent. Mr. Rathbourne's account comes to me, and I ascertain if the number of casks corre-
sponds with the number supplied. ... I have nothing to do with the price. Before the lights
became so numerous we got supplies from other persons in Dublin; we never got supplies at
any of the out-ports in the neighbourhood of the lights. I do not think we could get supplied
at them. I have not heard that the price of oil got here is so much as 1s. 6d. a gallon higher
than the same article can be got for in London; I think it impossible. The price this year is
5s. per gallon. The supply is furnished in summer, and the account is sent in soon after.”
The following instance also deserves notice:
A merchant many years engaged in the importing of flag stones from England deposed
to us that quantities of the materials imported by him had, from time to time, been sold at his
trade-price to a person who afterwards supplied them to the Ballast Board; and he stated that,
had he been applied to by the Board, he could have supplied them with the very best materials
at those prices; but he never had been so applied to, nor had he ever seen an advertisement
calling for proposals for such supplies. In not getting such materials directly from the
importer a loss must, of course, be sustained.
In the execution of the Great North Wall a large portion of the stones used in the work were
brought from quarries which the corporation were possessed of at Bulloch and Sandy Cove, at
the opposite side of the bay. They paid for these 2s. per ton for delivering them on board the
craft which was to carry them to the work; they paid 1s. 6d. per ton for the freight of them
to hired boats, or to boatmen on board the corporation boats, for carriage to the works; and,
besides, they paid 3d. per ton upon the stone, brought to the works by boats, for discharging.
Thus it would appear that the corporation paid 3s. 9d per ton for the stone supplied from
their own quarries; at the same time the price for stone supplied from the quarries of others,
at Howth and Raheny, was fixed not to exceed 2s. 9d per ton, and this was made subject to
a drawback of 2d. per ton for improving the roads in the neighbourhood.
An individual (Mr. Gilbert), who entered into a contract to supply stone at 2s. 9d per ton,
stated that this deduction of 2d. per ton amounted to a sum of £427 against him in six
months. The persons from whom this deduction was enforced were required to sign receipts
for the full amounts of their respective accounts. The ground of this proceeding was to provide
a fund for the repair and improvement of the roads; but it was principally applied in the for-
mation of a road of the length of a mile and a half, which appears not to have been a public
road, and was made along the strand. There was another road, which, though longer, was
considered by some easier to horses drawing stones to the works; but the inspector of works
interfered to prevent the parties from using any road but the line he prepared for them, and
they considered themselves under the necessity of submitting, as he had the power of preventing
their further supplying of stones to the work. An influential member of the Board was stated
to possess a property in the neighbourhood which was benefited by the making of this road.
No complaint of this deduction was made to the Board at the time; the quarry-man before
referred to stated that he took his quarry at the rent of £150 a-year, and that he expended
from £60 to £70 in implements, &c. When he objected to the deduction the ballast-master
informed him that he might discontinue if he pleased, but that he would be discontinued if
he did not submit to the deduction. He afterwards memorialized the Board for repayment,
but they answered that they did not consider themselves bound to pay him, although some of
the ea officio members of the Board expressed their dissatisfaction at the mode in which the
question was disposed of by those who appeared to them to govern its proceedings.
There was not any written order of the Board, authorizing the deduction, sent to the bal-
last-master, but he stated it was made “with the cognizance of the Board.” The payment of
the 2d. per ton does not appear in any of the books of the Ballast-office, nor the application of
it. The officer states that he kept a private account of it, and handed it over to gentlemen of
the neighbourhood as trustees of the road, considering it as a “subscription,” by the persons
who supplied the stone, for the repairs of the road for their own accommodation.
The non-execution of the works conducted by the Ballast Board, by previous contract, has
been the subject of much observation. It is insisted that no new work of magnitude ought to
be undertaken in a harbour of this kind—no experiment tried—without a rigid investigation,
open to the public, so that the plans of operation might be fully canvassed, and all the dif-
ferent interests concerned in the event or propriety of such a speculation should have a full
opportunity of understanding and canvassing it.
The objection made to executing the works by previous contract is, that it is difficult to
get them done so permanently by contract as they ought to be ; and that the saving made by
the contract would be more than lost in the quality of the work.
In the lighthouse department, part of the buildings at Sligo, and the lighthouse at Tarbert,
two towers on the Shanmon, and five towers near Waterford, have been built by contracts.
In the buildings carried on by the Board in this department a foreman, at 73. a-day, and
a clerk of the works, at 5s. 6d. a-day, are appointed, who certify the accounts, which, when
examined by the inspector, are certified by him to the Board. He makes no investigation of
the accounts, except as to the prices. They are furnished usually once a fortnight; but, in
remote situations, sometimes not for six weeks or two months. -
It is the duty of the inspector to visit the works during their progress. The period of these
visits is left to himself; he goes, he says, as often as possible.
The upper parts of the works, and the most important, are generally prepared in Dublin;
the expenses of the freight of the stone are considerable, but it is alleged to be less than
might arise from the opening a quarry where there was none before.
In the harbour department the only works undertaken by previous contract have been the
building of Richmond Bridge and Whitworth Bridge, and the quay wall at Merchants’
Quay. The inspector has given the following account of his mode of proceedy;º
2 F 2
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
DUBLIN.
204 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
“When a work is undertaken under my inspection alone, and not by contract, the Board
generally ask me for an estimate of the probable amount, which I give. The estimate con-
tains no specification of the work. These estimates are not. filed or kept in the office. The
reason is, the Board have confidence that everything will be done in the cheapest and best
manner, keeping in view the goodness and durability of the work, and that, if a saving can be
made, it will be made. They keep the contracts and specifications of the contractors. There
could be now no means of ascertaining on what estimate the work was undertaken, except
from my recollection; no such evidence could be had if I died; I have In O . books containing
any entries of those estimates. I do not give the estimate in detail, but may give in a gross
sum. I generally do this in person, in the Board-room. e e e
“The new graving slip was undertaken about four years ago; I think the first estimate was
about £12,000. I did not give any second estimate. I do not think I gave that estimate in
writing. I framed the estimate from the plan selected. The plan did not contain a specification,
nor was any annexed to it. I did not frame a specification myself in forming my estimate. I am
so much accustomed to building sea-walls, that I had the matter sufficiently in my view to
enable me to form an estimate. The Board repeatedly inspected the premises, and undertook
the matter on a very mature deliberation. They did not examine into the details of the esti-
mate, having confidence in me, and in the verbal statements made by me. The statement was,
in the first instance, of the expense of the whole, including Mr. Morton's charge. That esti-
mate contained no detail, nor did it contain or refer to any specification. No specification
was made, as the work was not to be done by contract. The estimate included the deepening
of the river in front of the slip. The estimate did not specify how much would be the cost of
deepening the river, and how much of the slip. It was a rough estimate of the gross sum
without any details. The Board did not complain of the cost of the patent slip exceeding the
estimate. It did exceed the estimate. They did not complain, as they were well aware
every exertion was made to keep down the expense. There was no complaint at all about it.
Some of the Board almost constantly visited the graving slip while in progress.
“I rebuilt the east point of the North Wall for less than the sum estimated. That was a
verbal estimate.
“As to lighthouses, I sometimes give a verbal statement, sometimes by letter, as to the
probable expense. - -
“The Board has never adopted an estimate from any other person in opposition to me.
“They generally require to know the time a work will take in the execution. I do not give
any security for my general duties, or for any particular work, not being, directly or indirectly,
concerned as a contractor, and not having anything to do with the receipt or payment of the
moneys. -
“All that I state in an estimate is, that the Board employing their own people, and getting
their own materials, the work will probably cost a certain sum. -
“The plans of the Great North Wall comprised estimates of the work, but no individual
contracted for the entire. There was not any contract for supplying stones to that work.
I remember Mr. Gilbert supplying stones. I think the price was 2s. 9d per ton. It was
open to any person to send stone, and no persons were bound to send more than they
pleased themselves. I have heard Mr. Gilbert complain of stoppages being made from him.
I never heard of any one else but Mr. Booker complaining. I do not recollect Mr. Gilbert
speaking to me. When the cars first commenced bringing stones to the wall, they had, after
a little time, torn up all the road in the neighbourhood. A deputation of the inhabitants
came to the office to complain, and, in consequence, I got directions to call the persons sup-
plying stones together. I did so, and told them, by direction of the Board, it was necessary
they should contribute towards the repairs of the road, for their own convenience and advan-
tage; 16 per ton was named by the Board; they agreed to pay the penny; it was afterwards
found insufficient, and the complaints of the gentlemen in the neighbourhood still continued,
and, in consequence, I was desired to call them together again, and state this to them, that it
would require 2d. per ton; they agreed to it. Mr. Gilbert was not at this time a person Sup-
plying stones; but, soon after the 2d. per ton was agreed to, he furnished stones.
“The rebuilding of the quay walls continued for several years. I made no estimate, when
the rebuilding began, of the gross sum which the whole would cost, nor any estimate of any
particular part. The whole was thrown down, and reconstructed, extending five miles and a
half. There were orders made by the Board, from time to time, for rebuilding it. These
orders were, not for laying out any specific sum of money, but for doing a certain quantity of
work. The Board determined the quantity they would undertake in any one year by a refer-
ence to the quantity, and the cost of it, done in the year preceding, and to their funds. They
generally asked me how much a certain number of feet would cost. The work consisted of
the constructing of new quays in front of the site of old ones; raising and levelling the roads;
and backing behind the new wall, from Barrack-street to the North Wall at one side, and from
Barrack-street to Ringsend on the other. A small part of it, previously to my time, was
done by contract; I began in 1800.
“In my time no part was done by contract except Merchants' Quay. The only part that
has failed, is that which was done by contract. This was a part near where the City of Bristol
steam-packet stores now are. Some members of the Board inspected the work, while in pro-
gress, very often. They did not employ the aid or advice of any person in the business of an
architect or builder, except myself, on the north quay wall. They confided the entire manage-
ment of it to me; but there was a constant attention to it by some members of the Ballast
Board.
“The expenditure of the quay wall was managed thus:—every week a return of the work-
men employed went forward, certified by me as inspector of works. It was delivered by me,
or by a clerk in my employment, to the ballast-master, to put it in training to go before the
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 205
DUBLIN.
Board. If it was correct he would send it forward; if incorrect he would send it back. His
right of inspecting extended only to seeing that it was drawn up in proper form, and the sums
properly totted.
“The form of the return is a printed one. It has sometimes, not often,_perhaps not more
than three or four times in a year, happened that such a return has been sent back. This
has arisen from an occasional mistake in calculation. It is generally correct as to form.
“The ballast-master hands the return to his clerk, who makes an entry of it in his books;
and the clerk makes up a docket of the several accounts, and returns it to the ballast-master,
who sends it forward to the Board at their next meeting. The accounts and returns are
annexed to the docket; they go with it to the Board.
“The Board then go through the accounts and returns with the docket, and compare them
together. I have occasionally seem one of the members with the accounts in his hand, and
the other checking them off in the docket, according as they are compared. This examina-
tion consists in ascertaining whether the docket contains a true statement of the accounts and
returns. I believe they further investigate the prices of the accounts of goods furnished.
“My returns, with reference to the north quay walls, were principally for workmen,
labourers, and mechanics. With respect to materials, the persons who furnished them, (brick,
stones, lime, &c.,) sent in their accounts. They furnished their accounts to me, or to the clerk
of the ballast-master in the office in my absence. If the accounts are furnished to the ballast-
master's clerk in my absence, I examine them when I come to the office. I compare the
account with my order for the goods, and the receipt of the person to whom they are delivered.
I also compare them with the foreman's book; I mean, with the book of the foreman who is
concerned in the particular work. The party leaves the order and the receipt, pinned or
folded together, with the account, at the Ballast-office. I take the account with the order and
receipt to where the foreman's book is, and compare them with his entry. There are no stated
periods for examining those accounts with the foreman's book. Those accounts have been
frequently erroneous. They have sometimes contained overcharges, rather of the quantities
than anything else. When I have examined, I certify then that they are correct. I write
the certificate at the foot of the account. The certificate attests the amount of the goods fur-
nished, and the propriety of the charge as to the price. I always personally examine the
account with the foreman. His book contains nothing but the fact of the receipt.
“As to the charges, I have on my recollection the agreement made; they are not so many
as that I cannot recollect them. There is not any entry made by me in any book of the
prices at which articles are to be furnished. I cannot ascertain, except from memory, the
propriety of the charges as to price, if the account be a new one. If the party has furnished
goods before, I can refer, in case of doubt, to his former account. There are books kept at
the office containing entries of the amount of all accounts. The particulars of these accounts
are not entered. The tot of them is; the accounts are filed, and at the end of the year trans-
mitted to the public account office. The only test of the accuracy or propriety of the accounts
furnished are the former accounts, as kept, when articles have been ſurmished before, and my
memory when the account is a new one.
“The Board do not always call me before them when examining and passing the accounts
of goods furnished, and returns of workmen; they often do. If anything in the accounts strikes
them the price is high, or the quantity great, they call on me for an explanation. There is a
standing order, that all persons shall attend on Board days.
“It has never happened that any further examination was made upon any account or
returns, except a verbal communication with me in the Board-room. I now allude to all the
works in which I have been engaged.
“There is no person, except myselſ, to check the expenditure, or the accounts, or the
returns, except the Board.
“I keep no books or entries of any kind, except connected with the graving slip, or the
oil. Both those classes of books are kept at the graving slip by my assistant. He is an
officer of the Board. He is my son. There is, in fact, no book kept by me relating to goods
furnished, or to the workmen, except the foreman's books.
“There is a foreman and pay-clerk in each department of work in the country. In the
country, the foreman and the pay-clerk keep each a separate book. In Dublin, the foreman's
books contain entries of the men's time, and of the goods furnished. In Dublin, the pay-
clerk's books contain, as I believe, entries of all receipts and payments. In Dublin, the pay-
clerk enters only payments to workmen. In the country, they enter the payment both for
workmen and materials. In Dublin, the pay-clerk has an officer on Rogerson's Quay. There
is only one pay-clerk in Dublin; he pays each man in presence of the other, at the place
where they are employed. There is, generally, a small wooden shed at the works where this
is done. In Dublin, the foreman's book contains entries of time, and goods furnished. In the
country, they contain men's time only. In the country, the pay-clerk's books contain the
goods ſurnished, and copies of all returns sent to Dublin. The persons who ſurmish goods are
paid by the ballast-master when the amount is ordered by the Board.
“Except the entries of the tots of the accounts and the return, there are no entries relating
to the goods furnished, or to the workmen employed. The books of the pay-clerks and of the
foremen are deposited in the Ballast-office, when the work is closed. It is an invariable practice
so to deposit these books. I do not believe the pay-clerk's books and foreman's books relating
to the North Quay Wall, were deposited at the Ballast-office. I do not know where they are.
The ballast-master has charge of all the books in the office.
“If these books were regularly kept, they would constitute a check on the inspector's certifi-
cates to the returns and accounts. -
“The Board never referred to them, nor.ſound it necessary.
“I return to the Board every week an account of the persons employed, and the sums to
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
206 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
"REGULATIONS.
the cheapest.
the other stores. There is a fixed allowance of provisions, generally from 1% lb. to 2 lbs. a-day
be paid them. That account states what they are employed at. Generally speaking, I do
not report the progress of minor works as they proceed.” - -
With reference to the evidence given as to the course taken by the Board in executing their
work, not by previous contract (with few exceptions), but by days' work, it was observed to us,
on the part of the Board, that this had arisen from a conviction on their minds, that, bein
works of a nature requiring permanency to the utmost extent, it was more likely that that
object would be attained by that mode of proceeding; that they felt quite content to leave the
many and great works that they had perfected to speak for themselves, comparing the actual
cost with their value, or comparing them with similar works executed in any other part of the
empire; that this mode of proceeding, on the part of the Board, had now been in course for a
period of upwards of 30 years and publicly known; that their accounts had been regularly
furnished to the Government through the Board of Imprest Accounts, and, up to the present
time, there never had been any objection made to them relative to their mode of management
as above referred to ; and they included the lighthouses of Ireland as works which could be
better executed by days' work than by contract; they referred to the reports of the engineers
on the state of the harbour, and their representation to Mr. Secretary Stanley in March, 1833,
as constituting the ground on which they stand as to the opinions advanced of the propriety
of adopting another mode of dealing for the supply of articles and undertaking of works, and
as showing that they were right in giving the preference to the mode of dealing which they
had adopted; , it had been the opinion of the Board throughout; and as to the part of the
evidence which pointed to the great trust reposed in one of their officers, that the Board acted
for the best, with the desire of serving the public; that officer (Mr. Halpin) had served the
Board for upwards of 33 years, maintaining an unimpeached character; that they felt it to be
their best policy to remunerate that officer liberally; with that view they recommended, some
years ago, to the Lord Lieutenant, a considerable increase of his salary, which was agreed to:
they conceived that the extent of this remuneration, together with his high character, furnished
the best security for the trust reposed in him; and they rested upon these matters as showing
that the confidence placed in the inspector was deserved.
However well founded may have been the reliance placed by the Board on their officer, it
is evident that under their system (or rather their total want of system), they have, in case of
his decease, absence, or incapacity, no organization for controlling the expenditure, nor means
for carrying on their works, without intrusting to some other person the extraordinary powers
which they have thought themselves justified in reposing in Mr. Halpin. -
They are in the habit of reposing a trust somewhat similar in another officer, the inspector
of light-ships and pilot-master, who has the ordering of stores and supplies. Each light-ship
has a captain and a crew of from 10 to 13 men and boys on board. The captains make mostly
returns, to the inspector, of the stores, provisions, &c., on land, who either gives an order on
certain tradesmen, or goes himself to see the order executed. The stores are not supplied by
contract, but a certain set of tradesmen (a baker, brewer, butcher, provision merchant, &c.)
are appointed by the Board. The inspector (Captain Granthem) stated,—
“In the article of ropes, the price is always the same ; that is, if there is an advance by
one, there is by another, There are but two in Dublin, and I always try to get the best or
I do not think that ropes could be furnished cheaper by contract, nor any of
of meat per man. The allowance of bread and other provisions is not limited. They are
allowed every comfort; waste alone is guarded against. Each ship costs for its maintenance
from £1,200 to £1,300 a-year. I am sure that if the provisions were furnished by contract,
an inferior kind would be supplied, and, in the long run, dearer.”
Sails are supplied in like manner, not by contract.
Another source of complaint against the Ballast Board arises from the amount of the
charges upon shipping in the port of Dublin as compared with other ports; and from the
weight of the annual burthen on the Port Fund for the payment of the interest on the Deben-
ture debt, it is considered probable that many years must elapse before any adequate reduc-
tion in the harbour taxation can be effected.*
* The following statements were handed to us:—
Particulars of all Charges on the Brig “Queen Adelaide,” 279 tons, Register, Inwards and
* Outwards at Dublin. £. s. 6
Tommage duties 9d. per ton . o o º 10 9 3
Quay walls, 2d. per ton * • 2 6 6
Ballast 100 tons, 1s. 8d. e o º 8 6 8
Heaving ditto, 3d. ſº e º 1 5 0
Pilotage inwards, 3s. per foot 2 2 O
Ditto outwards, 2s. e * e 1 0 ()
Irish º Q 25 9 5
British e -> 23 10 3
Tonnage duty on timber, 6d. . o º o 6 19 6
Inwards—
English lights © e o 1 3 3
Irish ditto . © g 4 l 4;
Small's and Skerries' ditto Q º & tº º 2 6 6
Greenock Bill º º Q º I. I. 1 0
Dumleary dues, 4d. . o • – e º 5 2 6
City ditto . & o º •, © 0 5 6
Report g & º o º º 0 2 0
Carried forward
4
5
1
l
0
%
f MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 207
DUBLIN.
The captain of the Innisfail steamer (plying between Cork and Dublin weekly) computed
that the charges on the proprietors of that vessel for pilotage alone amounted, for 12 months,
to £105; the charges altogether, including quayage dues, ballast dues, &c., amounted to
upwards of £7 weekly; at Cork they did not exceed a guinea and a half each trip. There
he found the accommodation superior beyond all comparison. Since the arrival of the first
large steamer there, both channels of the Cork river had been deepened from 3 to 5 feet
where the foundation permitted it, for nearly two miles below the city; five constant berths,
for the Bristol, London, Liverpool, and Dublin steamers, had been provided; and the zeal
and attention of the harbour-master, who was to be found at all hours of the day or might,
were very remarkable. But at Dublin, the river from the bridge to the end of the north wall,
all required deepening; the “laying” was so bad that the steamer was sometimes an hour
and a half afloat before she could be wound for starting; owing to the accumulation of mud
on the outward side, which might have been kept down by proper dredging; there were
upwards of 1,200 yards of quay above the mouth of the royal canal, which might be divided
so as to afford convenience for parties frequenting the port. All such regulations were
neglected; when vessels came in no order was preserved, and there was much unpleasant
squabbling for berths; empty vessels were suffered to occupy quay berths to the prejudice
and inconvenience of the trade, and the Ballast Board gave no redress on complaint of the
facts, nor took any pains to inform themselves as to what ought to be done for the convenience
of traders frequenting the port; the harbour-masters left the quays and river neglected; and
particularly in the season for importing timber, from rafts of an unreasonable size lying
outside the vessels, badly secured, and constantly adrift, and from beams projecting over the
quays, damage had in several instances been incurred.
Large vessels have been known to take lower freights from timber ports to the outports, as
Waterford, Limerick, Cork, &c., than they would to Dublin; for instance, charges from
Quebec to Limerick and Waterford have been but £1. 16s. or £1. 17s., when to Dublin
fl. 18s. and £1.19s. were paid. The weight of port charges at Dublin, and the difficulties
of the navigation are assigned as the causes of this, for otherwise the freights, it is conceived,
ought rather to be lower to Dublin than to the outports.
Many of the taxes at the port of Dublin are, besides, complaimed of for special reasons,
which we have already noticed when treating separately of each. The tax in respect of
Dunleary harbour vessels coming to Dublin are obliged to pay, whether they go into that
harbour or do not; and where they do not this charge also is considered a grievance.
Many of the grounds of these complaints the Ballast Board might themselves have re-
moved; others, it is thought, though immediately in the province of the Legislature, might
have been removed had the Board made proper representations respecting them. Whilst
the members are admitted to be respectable individuals, who give (and give gratuitously) a
fair degree of attention to the despatch of the routine business of the Board, they are regarded
as not sufficiently alive to the complaints of the traders and shippers resorting to the port; as
attending, indeed, formally to the receipt and disbursement of large revenues derived from a
system devised under circumstances very different from those now in operation, but not
effectively to the devising of alterations of practice or of policy suited to the great shipping
and commercial interests intrusted to their care, or to the actual condition of those for whose
benefit the trusts they administer were created.
Under the charter of 13 Charles II., which granted to the corporation of the city of
Dublin the ferry over the Liffey, with power to take a fee of a halfpenny of every passenger,
several ferries in various parts of the river have been enjoyed by them.
Ferry boats are still maintained at three points, all below Carlisle Bridge.
The Act 17, 18 Geo. III. c. 10, (repealing the 3 Geo. III. c. 36, and 15, 16 Geo. III. c. 28,)
for making and repairing the circular road round the city, had appointed the members of both
houses of parliament, the lord mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city, the rectors and vicars
of the several parishes, and certain justices of the peace for the county of Dublin and city of
Dublin, with the persons named in or elected under the 3 Geo. III., trustees of that road.
The 40 Geo. III. c. 74, however, altered that appointment, constituting the chancellor, the
chief justices, and chief baron, and chancellor of the exchequer, and seven others to be nomi-
nated by the Lord Lieutenant, directors for executing the powers conferred by these Acts.
Outwards— Brought forward £45 I 10%
Skerries’ and Small's lights . gº ſº º 2 6 6
Irish ditto . º o tº e . . 4 1 4%
English ditto tº is g & e 0 17 5
Report © © º e o te 0 4 0
#952 11 2
Comparative Statement of Port Charges in the following Ports:—
Dublin. Ballast to colliers, 1s. per ton.
Coasters, 7d. per ton Ditto to foreign ships in the river, 1s. 3d. ditto.
Foreign, 11d. ditto | Ballast Office, Dunleary. | Ditto ditto in dock, 1s. 7d. ditto.
Ditto, 4d, ditto Heaving ballast, 6d. to 8d. ditto.
If laden with timber, 6d. per ton extra. Bristol.
Ballast, 1s. 8d. per ton l Pilotage, 2s. to 4s. per | Dock dues, coasters, 6d. per tom.
Heaving ditto, 3d. ditto } foot. Ditto, foreign, 2s. to 3s, ditto.
All in Irish currency. Pilotage and ballast per agreement.
London. Liverpool.
Foreign, 7d. per ton. Dock dues, coasters, 6d. per ton.
Ditto, 9d. ditto, dock dues if entered. Ditto, foreign, 1s. to 3s. per ton.
Pilotage from Downs to Gravesend, 15s. per foot. Pilotage, 9s. per foot.
Ditto from Gravesend, 4s. 6d. per foot. Ballast per agreement.
MUNICIPAL.
REGULATIONS.
FERRIES.
IDUBLIN.
208. REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
MUNICIPAL
REGULATIONS.
1Metal Bridge.
The 11th section of the 17, 18 Geo. III. c. 10, recited that the right of establishing a ferry
or ferries over the river Anna Liffey, from the Old Bridge in the city of Dublin to the town
of Ringsend, belongs to the lord mayor, sheriffs, and commons, and citizens of the said city;
and that the ferries over the said river, and the right of establishing ferries over the same from
Essex Bridge to the said town 6f Ringsend, was then (A. D. 1778) granted and demised by
the said lord mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens, to John Jones, of the city of Dublin, Esq.
for a term of years, of which there were about 20 years unexpired; and the said lord mayor,
sheriffs, commons, and citizens, and the said John Jones, had respectively consented and
agreed to demise to the said trustees (of the Circular Road) a passage or right of ferriage
over the said river, opposite or near to the Marine Nursery, (near which, at the river, the
Circular Road commenced,) for such terms and subject to such rents as thereinafter mentioned.
The Act then provided that J. Jones, his executors, &c., should, at the request of the trus-
tees, grant a lease of a ferry, and right of establishing a ferry over the river opposite, or near
to the Marine Nursery, for such term of years as he or they should then have in the ferries
over the river; and that the corporation of Dublin should seal a like lease or grant to the
trustees for such term as they should require, not exceeding 70 years, and to commence from
the expiration of the lease of the ferries them in being and made, to J. Jones, upon each of
which leases should be reserved such annual rents, payable to J. Jones, his executors, &c.;
and the corporation, during the respective terms as should be adjudged or awarded by a jury
to be impanelled, &c., in the manner directed by the 3 Geo. III. c. 36, as to juries for valuing
grounds. The rents so to be reserved were charged upon the tolls of the ferry to be esta-
blished at or near the Marine Nursery, and the first annual payment of the rent was made
payable on the 1st of January, after the ferry should be opened for passengers. The trustees
were bound to deliver counterparts of the leases to J. Jones, and to the corporation. If
J. Jones or the corporation should neglect or decline to execute leases as aforesaid for two
months after request, then the trustees were empowered to establish a ferry, and ferry boats
for carriages, horses, mules, and other cattle, and passengers, as if the leases were actually
executed, paying such rent as should be awarded by a jury.
By the 36th section the trustees were empowered to establish a ferry boat, or ferry boats, for
carriages over the river, opposite to or near the Marine Nursery, and to make such convenient
ways, passages, and defences to such ferry boat, or ferry boats, as they should think neces-
sary, (provided no such works or defences should be carried within the then walls of the
river, without the consent of the pilot committee of the city of Dublin,) and to empower any
person to demand and take (before passage of the ferry) the following tolls and duties:—
For every horse, mare, or gelding, or other cattle . . . . . . 2d.
,, . coach, berlin, chariot, calash, or chaise . . . . . . 12
, , two-wheeled chaise, or chair . . . . . . . . . 6;
, , sedan chair • e º 'º º tº º ... 3
, , four-wheeled cart, with six-inch wheels . 4.
, , two-wheeled cart, with six-inch wheels . . . . . 2
,, car e & © e º ºs é º e O 2
l
, , loeſ’SOI] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The tolls and autº authorized by this Act, as well the above as those in respect of the
Circular Road, were granted for 41 years from the 1st of May, 1778. The Act, 17, 18
Geo. III. c. 10, (which does not appear to have been in other respects temporary) seems to
have been considered as a temporary Act, for by the Amending Act, 25 Geo. III. c. 56, s. 10,
it is enacted, that that Act (25 Geo. III.) shall have continuance during the time the 17, 18
Geo. III. should “ continue to be in force, and no longer.” The subsequent Act, 40 Geo. III.
c. 74, gave a new list of tolls, but they seem to be only tolls payable on the road, and do not
include any toll on persons or passengers. This Act directs, that this Act and the Acts of
the 17, 18 Geo. III. and 25 Geo. III., and all other Acts relating to said road, “shall be and
continue to be in force until repealed by any future Act or Acts of Parliament.” This does
not appear to have been a sufficient enactment for continuing the ferry tolls beyond the term
of 41 years, specified in the 17, 18 Geo. III. ; the right to take which must have terminated
on the 1st of May, 1819, no subsequent statute appearing to have continued them.
In 1790, by the 36 Geo. III. c. 1, s. 31, a sum of £7,500 was granted to John Jones,
Charles Heatty, John Heatty, Henry Heatty, Edward Ryan, and Elizabeth his wife, Richard
Jones, and Jane Rogers, to make good the loss they had sustained in the ferries over the
Liffey by the building of Carlisle Bridge.
The lease to J. Jones must have expired about the year 1798. A lease of the ferries
appears afterwards to have been granted by the corporation to two of their members, Messrs.
Beresford and Welsh, upon which the rent mentioned in the city rental is received. Since the
making of this lease, a Metal Bridge has been erected over the Liffey, at a point between
Carlisle Bridge and Essex Bridge, at which a ferry boat was formerly maintained. The same
toll is taken at this bridge as was formerly levied at the ferry, viz. one halfpenny from each
passenger. The bridge is a great convenience to passengers on foot, for whom alone it is
opened. The toll, however, seems to want a legal sanction, no Act of Parliament having been
obtained to authorize it. The Irish Road Acts, indeed, 5 Geo. III. c. 14, s. 18; 13, 14
Geo. III. c. 32, s. 20; 19, 20 Geo. III. c. 22; and, finally, the Subsisting Road Act, 36
Geo. III. c. 55, s. 57, authorized the owners of ferries over rivers to erect and support bridges
at their own expense over such rivers in place of such ferries, and to take and receive for
passing such bridges such tolls and no more, as they were entitled to receive for passing such
ferries, so as that such bridges should not obstruct the navigation of the rivers, such tolls to
be recoverable as is prescribed by the Londonderry Bridge Act, 30 Geo. III. c. 31, and with
power to the grand juries of counties to purchase the properties of such bridges in order to
open the same, free of tolls, for the benefit of the public; but these enactments except from
their operation, “cities and towns corporate.” :
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 209
DUBLIN.
VI-FAIRS AND MARKETs.
A Fair is held annually at Donnybrook, a small village about two miles from the city, but
within the limits of the corporate jurisdiction. The following has been furnished to us by the
owner of the fair, as an abstract of the title under which it is held. We have not found all the
charters referred to.
By charter dated 20th August, in the 16th year of his reign, King John granted to the
citizens of Dublin the right of holding in any place within their liberties a fair for eight days,
beginning on the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross (the 3d May) in every year, with
all liberties and free customs belonging to any fair. This charter is alleged to be in the Close
Rolls of the Tower of London.
Henry III., by charter dated 28th May, in the 36th year of his reign, after reciting the
above-mentioned charter of King John, and that it had been represented to him that it
would be more convenient to the citizens to have the fair held later in the year, and for a
longer period, granted to the mayor and citizens that it should be held thereafter for fifteen
days, commencing with the Feast of the Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr (7th July).
By a charter dated at Odiham, 27th June, 8 Edward I., that King granted to the mayor
and citizens that the said fair should be held for fifteen days, viz., the Vigil (10th July), the
day, and the morrow of the Translation of St. Benedict the Abbot, and twelve days after, for
ever; and by a further charter the period of holding this fair was again changed to the day
of the Decapitation of St. John the Baptist (29th August), and fourteen days after. The
fair-day is, in fact, the 26th August.
The above-mentioned abstract further states, that the corporation conveyed their right of
holding the fair to a family of the name of Usher; and it appears that, by deeds of lease and
release, bearing date the 23d and 24th of December, 1748, Henry Usher granted several
denominations of land at “Donabrooke,” “together with the green of Donabrooke aforesaid,”
to Catharine Downes, her heirs and assigns, “excepting and reserving unto the said Henry
Usher, his heirs and assigns, the benefit and profit of holding the yearly fair in the usual
place on the green of Donabrooke aforesaid.” e tº
The right to the fair so reserved came by descent to Sir William Wolseley, Bart., by whom
it has recently been conveyed to John Madden, Esq., the present proprietor, who is also lessee,
under the Downes family, of the Fair Green and other lands adjoining.
This fair is a place of festivity and amusement to the citizens of Dublin, rather than one of
business. The quantity of cattle sold is inconsiderable. Tolls are collected according to the
schedule annexed. The profits of the fair to the proprietor arise principally from the stand-
ings for tents and the various places of exhibition which are hired during it. They amount
to about £400 per annum, of which not more than from £5 to £15 are from tolls. The cor-
poration receive no direct income from the fair; but a fee of from £3 to £5 is paid to the
Iord mayor's secretary for each licence granted by him to the owners of places of amusement.
Although by the latter charters the time for holding the fair is fifteen days, it seldom lasts
more than a week or eight days, the lord mayor always interfering at the end of that period
to prevent its continuance: this is felt as a hardship by the proprietor. With reference to the
transaction of the ordinary business of fairs and markets, such as buying and selling of cattle
and other commodities, the lord mayor has unquestionably no right to abridge the period
granted by the charters; but he interferes as keeper of the peace within his jurisdiction, con-
sidering himself bound to do so, a large concourse of people being brought together, to the
danger of the public peace. The fair is admitted by the magistrates to be productive of a
great deal of idleness, debauchery, and vice, and by many is considered a positive nuisance,
and its abolition therefore desired. On the other hand, it may well be doubted how far it is
either prudent or proper to interfere with what is unquestionably to a very numerous class of
the citizens of Dublin a source of innocent relaxation and amusement; and if it were thought
desirable to abolish it altogether, it is to be remembered this could not be done without con-
sidering the rights of the proprietor. -
A portion of the city police attends during the day-time to preserve order, but, until this
year, the force has been always withdrawn at night, when their presence would be most
desirable. i
This is the only fair held within the jurisdiction of the corporation. There are two other
annual fairs at Rathfarnham and Palmerston, held within three miles of the Circular Road, to
which the city police jurisdiction extends, and so far under their cognizance.
The following is a copy of the schedule of tolls and customs of Donnybrook, delivered to
the clerk of the peace of the city, pursuant to the 57 Geo. III. c. 108.
“A list of the tolls and customs paid and payable at the fair of Donnybrook, county of
the city of Dublin, pursuant to charter:—
s. d.
For every horse, mare, mule, gelding, or ass, sold ſº * > © O 6
For every ditto swapped or exchanged, 6d, each º & * I 0 |
For every cow, bullock, or bull, sold g & © © g 0 4
For every ditto, ditto, 2 years old, sold ſº * & gº & O 3
For every ditto, ditto, 1 year old, sold e & & tº & 0 2
For every sheep sold g * tº te 0 L
For every pig sold º g o * e º º tº 0 1
For every calf sold ge g º º tº tº tº º 0 1
Hawkers pay, according to the articles they have to sell, from 2d, to 18.
Standings, according to the ground they occupy, from 6d. to 3s.
Donnybrook, Jan. 29, 1818. John and PETER MADDEN, Proprietors.”
M. C. I. 2 G
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
DUBLIN.
21:0 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
TFATRs Ann
MARKETS,
Tolls and Customs.
Authority under
which claimed.
- &
The corporation of Dublin long enjoyed, and still claim, the right of levying Tolls and Cus-
toms, under the name of “customs of the gates.” . These tolls were claimed by prescription,
and, in different suits respecting the right to take them, were variously stated by the corpora-
tion as “toll thorough,” and also as “toll traverse,” the soil of the streets being alleged to
belong to the corporation. The collection of these tolls was strongly resisted about the year
1818, and very riotous proceedings and serious conflicts occurred in consequence of the resist-
ance. Suits were commenced, in some of which the corporation were plaintiffs, in others
defendants; but none were brought to trial, and the right of the corporation remains
undecided.
The collection has altogether ceased since 1823. The right to collect tolls, however,
is still insisted on by the corporate functionaries, and the collection is now only discon-
tinued from their inability to enforce it, at least to an amount sufficient to realize a surplus
income, over and above the charge by law imposed upon the corporation in respect of this
branch of their revenue. The facts connected with this charge, (being £2,000 a-year, payable
to the commissioners of paving in consideration of the cleansing of the city,) and the litigation
connected with it, in the course of which the corporation have established their exemption
from the charge in the event of their not receiving the revenue of tolls and customs, have
already been stated in this Report, (pp. 82, 83.) *
...The corporation rely on the charter of 28 Charles II. as a confirmation of pre-existing rights.
We subjoin in a note an abstract of the charters, and other corporate records, relating to this
subject.* -
* Hen. II., 1173–Grants customs, liberties, and privileges of Bristol.
Hen. II, 1173–Frees citizens from pontage, pavage, and all other customs.
Rich, I., 1193–Hospitallers to pay customs. &
John, 1200.--Templars and hospitallers to hold neither person nor house exempt from common
customs but one only.
John, 1200.-Moiety of river Avenaliffe to fish on. -
Ed. I., 1282.-His discharge to the city of their transgressions in taking 4d. for every cart-load of
grain coming to the city. .
Ed. I., 1284.—Inspeximus of several grants of Henry III., viz., a grant, at 200 marks a-year, of the
city and one-half of the river which helonged to the King, (one-half having been before granted
by King John,) except certain boat-fishings and mill sites.—Grant to build a bridge.
Ed. II., 1308–Grant of a moiety of the river Annaliſfe.
Ed. II., 1312–An order to the mayor and bailiffs, to regulate the taking of customs from merchants.
from Bristol, according to the statute formerly made for that purpose.
Ed. II., 1315.—A release to the city of £240 for four years.
Ed. II., 1316–Grant of confirmation of half of the fishery of the river Liffey.
Ed. II, 1317-Grant that the city might take 4d. for every cart-load of grain coming into the city.
Ed. II, 1317,-Grant of indemnity for so doing.
Ed. II., 1322–Charter describing the particular customs to be taken of goods coming to be sold in
the city from the citizens of Bristol, for four years.
Ed. III., 1336–Charter describing the customs to be taken of goods coming to be sold in Dublin,
to hold for ten years and no more, towards the building of the Tholsel, and repairing the walls.
and towers of the city of Dublin.
Ed. III., 1336–A charter of the same King and same date, for limiting the city customs to be
taken of several kinds of commodities coming to be sold in the city of Dublin—for a horse-
load of corn, #d. ; for every ox, cow, or calf, #d., &c. Granted for paving the streets of
Dublin.
Ed. III, 1343.-Grant of particular customs to be taken of several certain commodities, coming to
the city to be sold.
Ed. III., 1343.−Two grants, same date, of the petty customs, for repairing the walls and paving the
streets of Dublin, for ten years in reversion.
Ed. III., 1345.--Of divers customs for five years. \
Ed. III., 1346.-Ascertains customs to be taken of goods coming to Dublin to be sold, which are
limited to five years.
Ed. III., 1354.—Of 100 marks in fee farm.
Ed. III., 1356.—That merchants be free from customs of prize wines, and that merchants who,
had paid for wines in Wales and Cornwall should not pay again in Ireland.
Ed. III., 1358.-Divers customs for 15 years.
Ed. III., 1358.—Of customs to be taken of goods coming to the city to be sold; enlarged to a
further time.
Ed. III., 1358.-Of the petty customs for paving the streets.
Ed. III, 1363.−All merchants who buy or sell in the city to contribute to the tollage and charges of
the city, in proportion to the goods bought or sold with other citizens.
Ed. III, 1363.−An exemplification of several grants of the customs of Dublin.
Ed. III., 1372–A mandate to Asheton, Justice of Ireland, to take an inquisition. Inquisition found
on oath that it would be no damage to the King or others, nor to the injury of any other cities,
boroughs, or towns in Ireland, for the King to grant to the mayor, citizens, and commons in
Dublin, the customs and duties of all kinds of merchandize brought for sale, as well coming as
going, by land or sea, between Skerries and Allercomshed or Arklow, as of all other mer-
chandize within the said city, and that the mayor, &c., may have the custom of murage and
pavage to them and to their successors for ever, according to the letters patent of the King,
granted by Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
Ed. III., 1374.—Citizens to be free from murage and all customs through the whole kingdom.
Ed. III., 1374.—Confirming letters, and granting further the tolls and customs of passage, pont-
age, lastage, pavage, murage, &c. and all other customs throughout all his land of England,
Normandy, Wales, Ireland, and elsewhere throughout his dominions,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 21]
DUBLIN.
The letters patent of Charles II. referred to in the early part of this Report, grant and con-
firm to the corporation the customs called the Customs of the Gates, for things brought into
the city or suburbs, there to be exposed for sale, and also for such things as should be carried
out of the city; and then, after alluding to the several grants previously made by the Kings
and Queens of England for the pontage, murage, and pavage of the city, and that doubts had
then lately arisen of the validity of those charters, they provide that the profits of the customs
for seven years should be disposed of to such public uses for the benefit of the corporation as
the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland should think fit. .
The mode in which the appropriation of the customs during this period was made by the
Lord Lieutenant, has already been stated in this Report, (p. 6.)
There is no subsequent appropriation of them. -
But whatever be the authority whence the collection of tolls and customs in this city
was derived, whether from prescription, as is alleged, or by inference from some of the charters,
or by usurpation, as is more generally believed, the collection of them existed uninterruptedly
from the very earliest period to which the corporation records refer, till the period of their
abandonment in 1823.
During the last and preceding century, the oppressive exactions made by the corporation
officers in the collection of these tolls were a constant subject of complaint. The journals of
the Irish House of Commons are full of references of, and reports on, petitions upon this head.
The following extracts from them, while they show that their right to collect tolls was fully
recognized by the House of Commons, evince at the same time how productive the system
adopted by the corporation was of extortion and abuse. i
“2 Die Septembris, 1662, O. S.
“Reported from the committee of grievances, that in obedience to an order of reference
upon a petition exhibited by several persons against William Harvey, scavenger of the city
of Dublin, for exacting more toll upon all sorts of grain and malt than of right did appertain;
and having heard both parties and their witnesses, what could be said or proved therein, did
Ed. III., 1375–Grant of the customs of Dublin and the port thereof, and other ports between
Skerries and Allercomshed or Arklow, called the new great customs and petty customs, toge-
ther with a seal and power of appointing a collector. ,
Rich. II., 1378.-Foreign merchants to be liable with citizens to taxes and other duties incumbent
on the city, according to quantity bought and sold. -
Rich. II., 1378.-Confirming that city should receive customs of all vendible things coming to the
- city, for 24 years, as they formerly held the same. -
Henry VI., 1438–Grant in aid of fortifying the walls and paving the streets of the said city, the
usual customs and duties on merchandize, and all other wares exported from and imported
into said city by sea or land, and also into the ports of Howth, Baldoyle, Malahide, Portrane,
Rogerstown, Rush, and Skerries, for the term of 40 years. • *
Henry VI., 1442.-An inspeximus of King John's charter. The city customs granted in considera-
. tion of 20s, paid into the Hanaper. • *
Henry VI., 1455.-Grant of £6 a-year for repairing walls.
Henry VI., 1459.-Grant of £6 a-year out of fee farm rents for 40 years, towards repairing walls.
Ed. IV., 1464.—Grant of £30 a-year out of fee farm rents of city, for repairs of walls, gates, and
trenches thereof. -
Rich. III., 1485.-Release of £49 6s. 8d. yearly, part of 200 marks yearly, crown rent for 60 years,
towards walling and paving the city.
Henry VIII., 1516–Award on dispute between the mayor and commons, and the abbot and convent
of St. Mary's Abbey, as to certain rents claimed by city of lands in possession of convent, and
the privilege of having a boat for fishing on the river Liffey, and some customs of fish.
Henry VIII., 1516–Grant to mayor, &c., to have customs of all boats plying between the Nanny
Water and Arklow Head. -
Henry VIII., 1524.—Award concerning custom called toll boll.
Henry VIII., 1527–Act of council at Westminster forbidding custom of wines and other merchan-
dize to be let to farm, but an overseer to be appointed of King's customs of all merchandize
brought to Dublin, &c. -
Henry VIII., 1527.-Decree concerning prize wine, payable to Sir Piers Butler, and his ancestors.
Henry VIII., 1527.-A bond of arbitration between abbot and convent of St. Thomas the Martyr
and the city, touching custom of toll boll, and a boat to fish on the city water; the ordering
of the water coming from the Dodder to the city.
Henry VIII., 1527–A bond to perform said award touching toll boll.
Henry VIII., 1538.-Inspeximus of Rich. III.'s charter as to £49 6s. 8d., and Henry VIth’s charter
as to 20s.
Ed. VI., 1548.-Release of £40 6s. 8d. and £20 fee farm rents.
Eliz., 1573.-Grant of several customs on goods exported and imported to the city.
Eliz., 1582.-Grant of 4d. custom for every sheepskin exported to Chester or Liverpool.
Charles I., 1632–Grant of 3d. custom for all goods exported or imported ascertained by certificate
from Bristol. - -
Charles II., 1665.-Grant of a ferry over the Liffey at rent of £4 per annum. The ferry to be
attended from an hour before sunrising to an hour after sunsetting. No other person to keep
a ferry-boat, or carry for hire, between Dublin bridge and Ringsend. #
Charles II., 1676–Charter granting customs of the gates to the city.
Charles II., 1676–Appointed by Lord Lieut. Essex, and council of overseers, for receiving and
returning the customs of the gates of the city, and applying £100 thereof for seven years,
towards the repair of bridges, &c.; the remainder of the profits of said customs to be applied
towards erecting a new bridge over the Liffey. - f
George I., 1726–A weekly market for corn; days, Mondays and Thursdays ; with all tolls and
customs thereunto belonging.
FAIRS AND
MARKETS,
Grant of Customs.
Long enjoyment of
Customs.
Petition to Irish
House of Com-
IClOſlS.
2 G 2
DUBLIN.
212 - REPORTs FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
FAIRS AND
MARKETS,
find, That anciently, and of right, there was no more toll due than as much as could be
taken out of the sack with the hand to the wrist of the arm ;' and it appearing that toll is
now, and of late hath been taken by two toll dishes, the one containing about five pints and
a half, and the other about four pints and a half. “That anciently, no toll was taken but in
the market, and upon market days,’ but of late toll hath been taken by force, without respect
to the market or market days, and in all places within the jurisdiction of this city, as well
without as within the city. “That anciently the sword bearer took but so much out of each
parcel of wheat as was necessary for a sample for the mayor, to put an assize upon bread;
but of late he hath exacted two handfuls, without which he has refused to give a ticket to the
countryman to carry out of the market his corn; all which said particulars were judged by
the said committee to be grievances.
“Ordered, upon question, that this House do agree to the report of the committee of
grievances, and hereby vote the several particulars, so reported, to be public grievances.
“ Ordered, upon question, that William Harvey, scavenger of the city of Dublin, and the
sword-bearer to the mayor of the said city, be attached by the serjeant-at-arms, and brought
to the bar of this House as delinquents, for exacting and taking of excessive toll for corn
brought to this city; and that the speaker sign a warrant to that purpose.”—V. 2, p. 159.
- “ 29 Die Decembris, 1662, O. S.
“Ordered, upon question, that the petition of the mayor of the city of Dublin, about taking
toll from the corn sellers coming to the markets of the said city, be referred to the considera-
tion of the under-named committee.”—(Fifteen persons named.)
“Ordered, upon question, that Edward Clarke, committed prisoner by order of this House
to the serjeant-at-arms, upon a contempt upon his exacting toll from corn sellers coming to
the markets of this city, contrary to a former vote of this House in that behalf, be forthwith
set at liberty; the mayor of Dublin, &c., having, by their petition, humbly submitted the
whole matter to this House, and prayed his enlargement.”—V. 2, p. 140.
- “ Marti, 1663, O. S.
“Report from the committee appointed to take into consideration the petition of the mayor
of the city of Dublin, &c., concerning the regulation of the toll; that, after great debate
about the same, they agreed upon the particulars following:—
“That the toll taken for the corn brought to and sold in the market of Dublin, out of
every barrel of wheat, bere, and barley, be a sealed quart, struck; and out of every barrel of
all other grain, three pints struck; and for the better regulation thereof, ‘No toll be taken
for corn bought in the country, and brought to the city for the private spending in a family.”
“The toll of corn not to be taken in any other place but in the market, or where it is
housed.
“The toll of the sword bearer is disclaimed by the petitioners.
“ The taking of any more than one toll of corn for the same corn is disclaimed by the
petitioners; only the farthing a sack of corn for the custom of the thorough toll is to be taken.
“No toll to be taken in the market but in the presence of the owner or servant.
“That corn brought into the market, and paying toll, but not sold, may be either left in
the Town Hall, or carried away by the owner.
“That no money be taken for putting the unsold corn in the common room.
“Sir William Davis, recorder, assured the House, that when the toll came to be taken
according to the manner proposed in the report, ‘The tax now laid upon the inhabitants of
this city for cleansing the streets, would be taken off.” - -
“Ordered, upon question, that this House do agree to the above report of their committee,
and that his grace would be pleased, by act of state, to empower the persons concerned to
take and receive the toll, as it is therein expressed, and not otherwise.”—V. 2, p. 296.
, - f “ 26 Die Octobris, 1692, O. S.
“Reported from the committee of grievances, that they had come to the several resolu-
tions following:— - |
“Resolved—That the taking of a pint of corn by Alexander Gordon, sword bearer of the
city of Dublin, by colour of his office, out of every barrel that comes to the said city, or the
liberties thereof, is illegal, extortious, and a great grievance.
“Resolved—That the taking of more than one sealed quart, struck, out of every barrel of
wheat, rye, bere, and barley, and the taking of more than three pints, struck, out of every
barrel of other grain brought to and sold in the market of Dublin, was, and is, illegal, oppres-
sive, and a great grievance. •
“Resolved—That the taking of the toll by Thomas Rogers, one of the toll-gatherers of
the city of Dublim, by the two brass measures unsealed, produced before the committee, each
of which contains about two quarts, out of each barrel of wheat and all other grain brought
into the city of Dublin, is illegal, and a grievance.”—V. 2, p. 612, 673.
“ 17 Die Septembris, 1693, O. S.
“Reported from the committee of grievances, that they had taken into their consideration
the matter concerning Alexander Gordon, of Dublin, and had come to the resolution follow-
ing, viz.:
“Resolved—That it is the opinion of this committee, that the taking of a pint, or any other
quantity of corn, out of each sack, by Alexander Gordon, his deputy, or any under him, by
way of toll or otherwise, is extortious and illegal, to which the House did agree.
“Ordered—That Alexander Gordon be taken into the custody of the serjeant-at-arms at-
tending this House.”—V. 2, p. 688.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 213
DUBLIN.
º “ 26 Die Septembris, 1695, O. S.
“A petition of Richard Smith, John Stubbs, and others, on behalf of themselves and others
of the city of Dublin, now on the table, complaining of an undue exaction of toll or duty by
one William Cloud, an under-officer of the lord mayor of the city of Dublin, from the peti-
tioners, to their great oppression, read.
“Ordered—That the examination and consideration of said petition be referred to the com-
mittee of grievances, and that they report their opinion thereon to the House.”—V. 2, p.688.
- “I2 Die Octobris, 1695, O.S.
“Reported from the committee of grievances, that they had come to a resolution concern-
ing the toll taken by the city of Dublin, as followeth :
“Resolved—That it is the opinion of this committee, that the taking of more than one
sealed quart, struck, of Winchester measure, out of every barrel of wheat, rye, bere, and
barley, and the taking of more than three pints, struck, out of every barrel of other grain
brought into, and bought and sold in the city or liberties of the city of Dublin, was and is
illegal, oppressive, and a great grievance.
“A petition of the lord mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of said city, being likewise
presented and read, praying they may be heard at the bar of the House by their counsel, as
to the said toll : - *
“Ordered—That the consideration of the said report be adjourned till Thursday morning
next, and that the city be then heard by their counsel at the bar of this House, as is desired.”
“ 21 Die Novembris, 1695, O. S.
“The House proceeded to the consideration of the report from the committee of grievances,
concerning the toll of this city.
“And a motion being made, that the city be left to law, to try their right to the toll of all
grain demanded by them and the quantum, is passed in the negative.”
- “ 6 Die Octobris, 1703, O. S.
“ Doctor Coghill reported from the committee of grievances, that they had come to several
resolutions, which he read in his place, and afterwards delivered in at the table, where the
same were again read, and are as follow :
“Resolved—That it is the opinion of this committee, that the receiving or exacting toll or
custom for cattle in any market, town, or place where the same are not sold, is a grievance.
“To which resolution the question being put, the House did agree.
“Resolved—That it is the opinion of this committee, that the receiving any toll or custom
for the driving cattle or carrying any sort of goods through any market town or high road,
where the same are not to be sold, is a grievance; except where the persons receiving such
toll do, and ought to repair bridges, on account of receiving the same.
“To which resolution the question being put, the House did agree with an amendment:
“Resolved—That it is the opinion of this committee, that the receiving or exacting of toll
or custom for the bringing of any goods whatsoever into any market town where the same are
not to be sold, is a grievance.”—V. 3, p. 36.
-- - “ 28 Die Februarii, 1703, O. S.
“Resolved—That no toll ought to be paid for driving any cattle or carrying any goods to
or from any city, corporate town, or other place where the same are not to be sold, unless.
such city, or corporate town, or other place, at their own cost, and not at the charge of the
county, repair and keep up some public bridge, over which the said cattle or goods do pass.
“Resolved—That exacting or taking such toll or custom is against the law, and a high.
misdemeanor.
“Resolved—That it is the duty of the justices of Her Majesty's court of Queen's Bench,
(every term,) the justices of assize in their several circuits, and the justices of peace at their
quarter sessions, to give in charge an Act made in this kingdom, in the 25th year of the reign.
of King Henry VI., entitled ‘An Act that nome should take custom but within cities,
2 × 2
boroughs, or merchant towns, where there is authority to take customs.
The Act of 4 Anne, c. 8, was passed to remedy the evils complaimed of in the last two
extracts; but in Dublin, as elsewhere, it failed of its effect.
In the year 1795 another investigation appears to have taken place in the House of Com-
mons upon the right of the corporation to collect tolls, and resolutions were entered into by a
committee of the House, called the Committee of Grievances, condemnatory of the conduct
of the corporation; but, on the resolutions being proposed to the House at large, they were all
negatived.
From the year 1763 to the period at which the collection of these tolls and customs ceased
the following Schedule was acted upon by the toll collectors. It was printed by the autho-
rity of the corporation, and a copy posted at the several toll-houses. Members of the cor-
poration have alleged the existence of older schedules, and that the charges are less in the
modern schedules; but the number of articles in the old schedules is admittedly fewer—
many of them articles now unknown.
A Docket of the Customs of the Gates belonging to the City of Dublin.
At a post assembly held at the Tholsel of the City of Dublin, on Monday the 13th day of June,
1763, the following order was conceived, relative to the undermentioned Docket, to wit:
“That from and after the 24th day of June, 1763, all goods and merchandizes that are really the
FAIRS AND
MARKETS,
Schedule of Tolls
and Customs.
DUBLIN.
214 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
FAIR's AND
MARKETS,
property of any freeman of this city, do pass custom free, into and out of the city, provided such:
freeman do certify to the collectors of the customs, the quantity and quality of such goods and that
they are his property; and if any freeman of this city shall presume, after the said 24th of June, to
certify that any goods are his property which are actually the property of any other person not free of
this city, in order to defraud this city, or their farmers, of the customs of such goods, such freeman to
be proceeded against by the city agent, as Mr. Recorder shall advise, in order to his being disfran-
chised for such fraud and breach of oath. *
“And it is further ordered, that from and after the said 24th day of June, all raw hides going out
of this city to any of the adjacent liberties to be tanned, shall be free from custom going out; that
bark going out of any of the adjacent liberties, to be made use of for tanning, shall likewise be free;
that all iron going out to the several mills near the city, to be manufactured, and returning into this
city manufactured, shall be likewise free from custom; that all salt, manufactured in Ireland, shall be
free from any custom; that all goods going to be manufactured, and the materials made use of
therein, shall be free from custom, if they are to be returned to this city manufactured; and that the
committee be empowered to regulate the docket accordingly.”
A - - Of every horse load of cheese, twopence
Of every sack of ashes, one halfpenny Of every calf, one halfpenny
Of every car load of apples and other fruit, two- || Of every car to be sold, one halfpenny
pence Of every kish of charcoal, three halfpence
Of every horse load ditto, one penny Of every horse load ditto, one halfpenny -
Of every flasket ditto, on one car, one halfpenny, Of every car load of candles or soap, threepence
not exceeding the price of a car load Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every barrel of ale coming in, brewed without | Of every large hair cloth, one penny
the city or liberties adjoining, twopence Of every car load of cradles, twopence
B Of every car load of chairs, twopence
Of every dozen of chairs, one penny
Of every bag of corker, one penny
Of every sack of cutlins, one halfpenny
Of every car load of cyder, threepence
Of every single dozen ditto, on one car, not ex-
ceeding the price of a car load, one penny
Of every kish of Kilkenny coal, one penny
Of every dozen of woollen cards, one penny
Of every hundred of conyfell, one penny
Of every barrel of corn, as wheat, oats, &c., one
Of every tub of butter, one penny
Of every crock or basket of ditto, containing ten
pounds or upwards, one halfpenny
Of every load of deal boards, exceeding six, one
penny
Of every load ditto, under six, one halfpenny
Of every car load of brushes, twopence
Of every horse load ditto, one penny
Of every back load ditto, one halfpenny
Of every horse load or car load of bed mats, two-
pence farthing
Of every back load ditto, one penny E
Of every barrel of bark, one halfpenny Of every horse load of eggs, one penny . .
Of every sack of green beans or peas, one half. Of every clieve load ditto, on backs, one halfpenny
penny F
Of every bull, bullock, or cow, one penny
Of every sack of button moulds, twopence
Of every fitch of bacom, one penny
Of every horse load of brooms, one halfpenny
Of every car load ditto, twopence
Of every car load of brandy or other spirits,
threepence - - -
Of every runlet ditto, on one car, one penny, not
exceeding the price of a car load
Of every dozen ditto, one penny, not exceeding
the price of a car load
Of every pedlar's box carried on his back, one
halfpenny -
Of every car load of brass, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every horse load of dead fowl, twopence
Of every clieve of chickens, carried on backs or
arms, one halfpenny -
Of every dozen of dead fowl, on one car, one
penny, not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every car load ditto, threepence
Of every horse load of fish, one penny
Of every car load ditto, twopence
Of every salmon, one farthing
Of every small basket of fish on one car, one
halfpenny, not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every trail of figs or raisins, one halfpenny
Of every horse load of feathers, twopence
Of every car load ditto, threepence
Of every single brewing pan, twopence * G
Of every car load of baskets, twopence Of every crib of glass, twopence
Of every car load of boymore, twopence Of every back load ditto, one halfpenny
Of every car load of bent, one halfpenny | Of every load of grass, one farthing
Of every sack of brogues, one penny Of every goat or kid, one farthing
Of every car load of bays, serges, friezes, stock- || Of every gage of all sorts, twopence
ings, &c., threepence - Of all manner of grain, per barrel, one farthing
Of every pack of flannel, twopence
Of every bundle ditto, one penny H
Of every horse load of friezes, serges, &c., two- Of every bag of hops, threepence
pence Of every pocket of hops, twopence
Of every car load of heel blocks, or patten boards, Of every small parcel ditto, on one car, one penny,
not exceeding the price of a car load
twopence
Of every car load of bulrushes, twopence | Of every horse load of hats, threepence
Of every back load ditto, one penny Of every back load ditto, twopence
Of every car load of brussels, threepence Of every dozen of hats, on one car, one penny,
Of every piece of buckram, one penny not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every horse load of earthen-ware, one penny Of every cow or bullock hide; tanned or untanned,
Of every car load ditto, threepence one halfpenny, not exceeding sixpence in the
Of every bedstead, one halfpenny whole, on one car,
Of every dozen of barrows, one penny Of every car load of herrings, fourpence
Of every barrel ditto, twopence
C Of every mease ditto, on one car, one penny, not.
Of every car load of cheese, threepence exceeding the price of a car load
Of every hundred weight ditto, one penny, not Of every hog or pig, one halfpenny • * *
exceeding the price of a car load Of every sucking pig, one farthing. &
l
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND.
215 DUBLIN:
“Of every load of broad hoops, twopence
Of every load of small hoops, one penny
Of every load of hay, one farthing
Of every firkin or runlet of honey, one penny
Of every crock of ditto, one halfpenny
Of every car load of horns, threepence
Of every bag of harefell, one penny
Of every cart of hay, one penny
I
Of every car load of iron, threepence
Of every horse-back load ditto, twopence
Of every bar ditto, on one car, one halfpenny, not ;
exceeding the price of a car load
Of every bundle of nail rod iron, one halfpenny
Of rod iron per hundred weight on one car, one
penny, not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every new iron pot, one halfpenny
Of every bar of old iron, one halfpenny
Of every car load of iron mine, one penny
Of every hundred of horse shoes and cart clouts,
three farthings
Of every hundred of iron shovels or spades, three |
halfpence
Of every car load of iron pots, threepemce
Of every horse load of ditto, twopence
Of every hundred trips and brand irons, one half-
penny
Of every dozen of gridles, one penny
Of every car load of nails, threepence
Of every horse load of mails, twopence
Of every hundred weight ditto, on one car, one
penny, not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every hundred weight of wrought iron, on one
car, one penny, not exceeding the price of a car
load
K
Of every keeve, one penny
L
Of every car load of lead, threepence
Of every lamb, one farthing
Of every car load of dressed leather, sixpence
Of every horse load, threepence
Of every leaden vessel, one penny
M
Of every car load of merchants' goods, not herein
particularly specified, being the property of one
person, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every bundle ditto, or what a man carries under
him, one penny
Of every barrel of malt, one farthing
Of every mill wheel, twopence
Of every mill stone, threepence
Of every barrel of meal, one halfpenny
N
Of every car load of nuts, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every bag ditto, one halfpenny
O
Of every hogshead of oil, threepence
Of every runlet ditto, on one car, one penny, not
exceeding the price of a load
Of every barrel of oil, twopence
Of every car load of oysters, twopence
Of every horse load of ditto, one penny
Of every car load of onions, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every flasket ditto, on one car, one halfpenny,
not exceeding the price of a car load
P
Oſ every sack of potatoes, one halfpenny
Of every car load of pewter, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every car load of paper, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every car load of plants, one halfpenny
Y
}
i
FAIRS AND
Of every barrel of white peas, one farthing MARKETS,
Of every barrel of pitch or tar, twopence
Of every car load of white rods, twopence
Of every ditto green, one penny
Of every barrel of rape seed, three halfpence
Of every horse load of rabbits, twopence
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one penny, not
exceeding the price of a car load
Of every car load of rushes, twopence
S
Of every barrel of salt, twopence
Of every hundred weight ditto, three farthings
Of every car load of sheep skins, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one penny, not
exceeding the price of a car load
! Of every horse skin, one farthing
Of every car load of lamb skins, threepence
Of every horse load of ditto, twopence
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one farthing, not
exceeding the price of a car load
For every car load of slink lamb skins, or kid,
twopence
Of every horse load ditto, one penny
Of every back load ditto, one halfpenny
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one farthing,
not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every car load of calf skins, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, two pence
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one penny, not
exceeding the price of a car load
Of every load of barrel staves, one penny
Of every load of straw, one farthing
Of every car load of rabbit skins, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every man’s back load ditto, one penny
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one halfpenny,
not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every sheep, one farthing
Of every dozen of stockings on one car, one penny,
not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every load of silver mine, threepence
Of every load of flag stones, one penny
Of every load of slates, one penny
Of every load of marble stones, twopence
Of every load of grinding stones, one penny
Of every car load of basils or pelts, threepence
Of every horse load of ditto, twopence
Of every dozen of ditto, on one car, one farthing,
not exceeding the price of a car load
T
Of every hogshead of tobacco, threepence
Of every horse load or back ditto, twopence
Of every single roll ditto, on one car, one farthing,
not exceeding the price of a load
Of every hogshead of tallow, threepenee
Of every barrel of ditto, twopence
Of every cake ditto, on one car, one halfpenny,
not exceeding the price of a car load
Of every load of made timber ware, twopence
Of every load of timber, one penny
Of every load of tazles, twopence
Of every back load ditto, one penny
Of every car load of turnips, parsnips, and carrots,
one halfpenny
Of every car load of trees, twopence
Of every horse load of ditto, one penny
Of every back load ditto, one halfpenny
Of every timber stutch or chest, one penny
Of every load of tin, one penny
W
Of every hogshead of wine, threepence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence
Of every single hamper ditto, twopence
Of every dozen ditto, on one car, one penny, not
exceeding the price of a car load
Of every runlet of wine, one penny
Of every pack of wool, threepence
DUBLIN.
216. REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Amount of Tolls
and Customs.
Mode of Collection.
Goods by Grand
and Royal Canals.
Resistance to the
Collection of Tolls.
Of every horse load of wool, twopence A docket of the petty customs of the markets.
Of every pocket of ditto, on one car, one penny, *
not exceeding the price of a car load Qſevery car load of fruit, twopence
Of every car load of wadd, threepence - Of every high load of ditto, one halfpenny
Of every hundred of bees' wax, threepence Of every flasket of ditto, one halfpenny
Of every car load of worsted, threepence Of every butter standing, per week, twopence
Of every horse load ditto, twopence | Of every root standing, per week, twopence
Of every hundred of yarn, one penny Of every standing for fowl, per week, twopence
N. B. All goods coming in for private use to Of every standing in corn-market, per day, one
be exempted from custom. penny
Examined by • Of every car load of hay and straw, at Smithfield,
ALLEN and GREEN, Town-clerks. one halfpenny
The docket of Toll of every single barrel of grain,
at the gates belonging to the city of Dublin.

W heat. Oats. Bere. Malt. | Meal.
lb. oz. lb. oz. lb. oz. lb. oz. lb. oz.
3 10 || 2 4 || 2 12 || 2 || || 2 9
Barley. | Flour. | Rye or Meslin. Crush.
Ib. oz. lb., oz. Ab. oz. Alb. oz.
2 12 || 2 7 3 9 3 12
For some years previous to the abandonment of the tolls and customs by the corporation,
they produced an income to them of £5,000 a-year, late Irish currency, out of which they were
bound to pay to the Paving Commissioners, as stated in that part of our Report relating to
that corporation, a sum of £2,000. But the gross amount levied on the citizens of Dublin
under this head was far more considerable: £5,000 a-year was the met rent paid to the corpora-
tion by their lessee or toll-farmer ; and a recent lessee admitted that the net profit to him and
his co-lessee over that sum, was in one year between £1,500 and £1,600, besides which were
the expenses of collection, and other incidental expenses, amounting to between £700 and
£800 a year more, thus making a gross sum of £7,200 or £7,400 per annum; and if to this
we add the enormous exactions motoriously practised by the toll collectors at the several sta-
tions, it will be easily admitted that the burthen was not thrown off till it became too heavy to
bear, and that it required but little excitement to induce a general resistance to so odious and
oppressive an impost, collected upon an authority at best doubtful, and applied, for the most
art, to purposes any thing but useful to the citizens of Dublin.
These tolls were collected at “toll-houses, or custom-gaps,” at seven different avenues lead-
ing into the city, generally on the confines of the county of the city; but sometimes, where se-
veral branches diverged from the county into the city, the toll-house was placed at the point
of divergence, so that the collection was actually made in the county; and the country people,
who were generally aware of this illegality, occasionally refused payment unless the toll col-
lector accompanied them to the verge of the city bounds. On the other hand, the toll-houses
were in some instances far within the actual county of the city, so as to bring them closer to
the bounds of the city as built upon, leaving a considerable portion of the county of the city,
not built upon, toll free. By the resolution of the House of Commons of 1662, it appears
that the tolls were only collectable properly at the gates of the city. In fact the position for
the toll-house appears to have been selected where most toll could have been collected, without
regard to the strict legal right; for in the case last referred to of the toll-house placed within
the city bounds, which was at Leeson Street entrance, tolls were collected on goods both going
out and coming in from the fair of Donnybrook, although Donnybrook is within the city, to
an amount, it is said, of £160 annually—a practice totally indefensible.
Almost all the toll on corn was paid in kind. l
Freemen of the corporation were exempt, and goods coming into the city for private use were
likewise exempted. Other goods were specially exempted by various Acts of Parliament, such
as linen by the Linen Acts, &c. To ascertain the correctness of the exemption was another source
of vexation and annoyance: a course of cross-questioning by the collector, sometimes too an
examination of the goods, took place. And although it does not appear that (latterly at least)
the system so generally practised elsewhere in Ireland by the collectors of tolls, of swearing
persons as to the truth or falsehood of their statements, prevailed here, it may well be ima-
gined what unseemly exhibitions the Dublin system must have produced. .
By the 11, 12 Geo. III. c. 31, s. 29, goods brought by the Grand Canal were
exempted from all toll or custom; by s. 15 of 30 Geo. III. c. 29, an Act for the
better enabling the Royal Canal Company to carry on and complete the Royal Canal
(an Act, like the former, for the encouragement of inland navigation and trade), there is
an express provision, that nothing in the said Act contained “shall extend or be construed to
extend to the depriving the corporation of the city of Dublin of any toll or custom that they
have hitherto been entitled to receive on goods brought into or carried out of the county of the
said city of Dublin.” So that while goods coming in by the said canal on the south side of
the river were especially exempt from tolls, those coming in by the canal on the north side
were left to the exactions of the corporation. *
The collection of these tolls, at all times a source of dissatisfaction, was openly resisted
about the year 1813. Refusal to pay the tolls was followed by an attempt to enforce them on
the part of the collectors, by distress. Assaults were the necessary consequence. When the
persons charged with these assaults were brought before the then recorder (Sir Jonas Greene),
he refused to try them, alleging that it would be an indirect mode of trying a civil right,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 217
DUBLIN.
namely, the right to receive the tolls, from which it is not too much to infer, that he, although
the counsel for the corporation, thought their claim questionable. Continual riots and breaches
of the peace occurred at the toll-houses. The country people on market days sometimes
collected their cars together, and proceeding with them in double lines to within twenty or
thirty yards of the toll-house, they galloped the horses through, overcoming any obstacle
attempted to be placed before them. Scenes like these were perpetually occurring, till the
corporation were obliged finally to abandon the collection.
Besides the difficulty in the collection of the tolls, another motive appears to have influ-
enced the corporation in the abandonment of their claim. Out of the produce the corpora-
tion were bound, as has already been stated, to pay £2,000 a-year to the commissioners of
paving for the cleansing of the city; and when the amount of the tolls began to fall short
of this, they had no further interest in their collection, and, besides, they considered that by
continuing the collection, they would furnish evidence against themselves in the proceedings
adopted by the commissioners of paving for recovery of the £2,000 a-year charged on this
TeVCIlue.
The collection of the tolls on goods by the Royal Canal was abandoned much earlier
(1816), although the corporation, in this instance, had the indirect sanction of the Act of
Parliament, before referred to.
The amount of toll exacted by the corporation may appear from this, that a boat load of
corn of fifty tons paid to them £10, while it paid to the company for forty-eight miles, £3 6s.
8d. The Canal Company feeling how much the levying of these tolls affected their interests,
stimulated some of the traders on the canal to resist the payment as an illegal exaction; and
accordingly, in the year 1817, an action of trespass was brought against one of the toll-collectors
and the treasurer of the corporation in the Court of Common Pleas, Pilsworth v. Lacy and
Archer. After repeated efforts to delay the progress of the suit on the part of the corporation,
and an offer on the part of the plaintiff to refer the decision of the right to the recorder, which
was declined, they at length suffered judgment to go by default, and damages to the amount
of £50 were awarded against the corporation by a sheriff's jury. The plaintiff in this action
had been paying to the corporation for some years from £500 to £700 annually for corn, &c.
With a view to resuming the collection of the tolls, an influential member of the aldermanic
board (Alderman John Claudius Beresford) suggested, in his evidence before a committee of
the House of Commons on tolls and customs in 1830 (printed in 1834), that the canals,
which nearly surround the city, should be made the boundaries for this purpose; that the
toll-houses should be placed on the bridges, and that an efficient police force should aid the
corporation in the assertion of their rights. The same gentleman alleges as a reason for re-
assuming the collection of them, that the citizens of Dublin would thus benefit by a diminu-
tion, to the extent of £2,000 per annum, of the paving tax. It is almost unnecessary for us
to say, that we cannot concur in recommending a course which, there can be no doubt, would
be productive of a repetition of those scenes we have described, and of the most general dis-
satisfaction among the citizens.
Certain charges called Tolls are still collected in several of the markets of Dublin.
They, however, now form no part of the corporate revenue. They are all payable to
private individuals, but licensed by and under the sanction of the lord mayor. They seem
to be properly stallage rents or cranage fees. Stallage rents for some of these markets were
formerly paid to the corporation.
We have not been able to trace the Authority whence the power to hold markets within the
city was originally derived. No such general authority appears to be conferred by any of the
charters except that of James II., whereby the power of holding a market within the city, its
liberties, and suburbs, was expressly given to the corporation. But as this charter is not con-
sidered to be of any validity, none of the markets held within the city are traceable to this
origin. The only reference to be found in the other charters on the subject of markets is the
grant already noticed, in the charter of George I. to the corporation to hold a free market for
corn every Monday and Thursday, and take to their own use the tolls and customs of the
market. This, as well as the statutes establishing and regulating the corn market, will
presently be further noticed. -
By the second charter of Edward III., already noticed, a grant is made to the mayor and
citizens of the assize of bread and beer, and the custody and assay of weights and measures,
and all other matters appertaining to the office of the market, and that all profits from the
assize and assay may belong to the mayor and citizens, in aid of the city revenue. And
amongst the functions of the lord mayor already mentioned, this officer is created by the
charter of Henry V. escheator and clerk of the markets, which, of course, presupposes their
legal existence. As such, he exercises a very general superintending power over all the mar-
kets within the city. A special oath is administered to him to see that reasonable rates are
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Markets and
Market Tolls.
Authority whence
derived.
paid on all manner of victuals, to take the assize of bread, ale, and beer, and to see that true
weights and measures are employed in the city; and his duty in this respect is particularly
noticed by the judge, before whom he is sworn into office.
He is, as already mentioned, aided in the discharge of this branch of his functions by the
deputy clerks of the market and market juries; and for the special regulation of Smithfield
hay and straw markets, an inspector is appointed and four weighmasters, the mode of whose
appointment has already been stated, and whose duties, functions, and emoluments will be
presently noticed.
The authority of the Market Jury is derived from the 73d sec. of the 13, 14 Geo. III., c. 22,
which, after reciting that, from the increase of Dublin, the lord mayor was unable to attend so
strictly to the inspection of the markets as usual, and to perform the other duties of his office,
requires the sheriffs to return to the quarter sessions from time to time 48 of the most respectable
Market Juries.
DUBLIN.
218 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
FAIRS AND
TMARKETS.
Number of
Markets.
Smithfield Market.
Authority exercised
by the Guild of
Butchers,
citizens of the said city, 24 of whom are to be sworn as a market jury for the city, to execute
the office of a market juror; and any three of them are required and empowered to visit the
markets and shops, &c., where provisions are sold, and if the provisions be found unwhole-
some or fraudulently made up, they are empowered to seize them and the persons exposing
the same to sale, and bring both before the lord mayor, who is enabled to condemn the provi-
sions, and impose a fine to the extent of fl0, on the persons so brought before him. The
jurors are protected from molestation in the execution of their duties, and a penalty to
the extent of £5 is imposed on each juror duly summoned, who neglects to execute the office.
Market juries are accordingly sworn under this Act at each general quarter sessions. It is
asserted that jurors occasionally assume the power of deciding without reference to the lord
Iſla VOI".
. }. lord mayor, it is alleged, does not sufficiently often or actively interfere in the regula-
tion of the Smithfield markets: the butter cranes and green hide cranes are particularly
under the respective weighmasters of each. te e
The corporate authorities claim the power of holding markets in particular places, and of
removing them at the discretion of the lord mayor. We have already alluded briefly to the
exercise of this power, and shall advert to the particular instances of it hereafter. .
There are three principal wholesale markets held within the circular road:
- Smithfield market. -
Spitalfields market.
Kevin Street market.
There are besides,
- A wholesale fish market.
A potato and fruit market.
Egg and fowl market.
A corn market.
Two butter cranes.
A green hide crane.
And about 11 retail markets, principally for the sale of flesh
meat and other provisions, exclusive of several detached
butchers’ shops in various parts of the city. g -
The cattle, hay, and straw market at Smithfield, and the potato and fruit market at Green
Street, are peculiarly said to be corporate markets, being held, as is alleged, on the estate of
the corporation. The fish market not long since held in Pill Lane, was also so considered,
but it has recently been removed, and its present site and the sites of the others are, generally,
the property of private individuals.
The site of Smithfield Market is considered to be the property of the corporation, as
part of their manor of Oxmantown. Here is held the great cattle market for the city, and
also a hay and straw market; the cattle market on two days in each week, Monday and
Thursday, and the hay and straw market every Tuesday and Saturday. The sale of cattle
and sheep in Smithfield is, to some extent, regulated by various Acts of the Irish Parliament.
The first of these Acts, 10 Geo. I., c. 10, directs the time and the manner in which the
markets are to be held, and sales commence, and prohibits the sale of cattle on the road
within the distance of six miles; all salesmen, who are in fact the brokers of the market, are
required to give security by recognisance to the lord mayor in the sum of £500, conditioned
to account honestly, and to pay to their employers the amount of sales, and to sell openly and
without fraud; the recognisance to be deposited in the tholsel office, to be perused and made
use of without fee or reward, as occasion may require. By the 23 Geo. II., c. 15, the amount
of this security is increased to £1,000, and a penalty of £100 is imposed on any salesman,
who shall act as such without giving the required security. By the 4th section of the first-
mentioned Statute, a penalty is imposed on any salesman endeavouring to hinder an owner
from selling his own cattle.
Both these Acts were temporary, but made perpetual by 29 Geo. II. c. 8; and by the
31 Geo. II., c. 8, the further restriction was imposed on salesmen of not being graziers them-
selves, under a penalty of £5 per week. Each salesman, or salemaster as they are now
called, pays a fee of 13s. 4d. to the town clerk, on getting a certificate of having lodged the
required security, and a fee of five guineas to the lord mayor for a licence. We have not dis-
covered by what authority these fees are claimed, or the certificate or licence required; the
before-recited Acts of Parliament make no mention of either.
There are about ten acting licensed salesmen in Smithfield, who charge a commission to
the seller of 2% per cent. on the sale. It is said that there are persons who act as such
without the licence of the lord mayor, and without entering into the required security.
Some years since an attempt was made by the then lord mayor to have the penalties of the
23 Geo. II. c. 8, enforced against them; with what success we were not in formed. Owners
sell in the market without the intervention of a salesman.
The Guild of Butchers exercise, through their master and wardens, and, as they allege,
under a power invested in them by their charter, and with the approbation of the lord mayor,
a peculiar jurisdiction over the cattle market. Not having had access to the books and
charters of the guild, we are not able to state how far this claim is founded, but the exercise
of this power is a subject of great complaint on the part of the sellers, and appears to us
very objectionable. . *
When a beast purchased in the Dublin market is slaughtered, if it be found that the animal
has received an injury not apparent at the time of sale, the corporation of butchers, on
the complaint of the purchaser, claim the right of adjudicating upon the amount of abate-
ment or allowance to be made to the butcher by the grazier or seller; they appoint an in-
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 2.19
DUBLIN.
spector (a butcher) in each flesh market of the city to view the carcass, and, on his report
of the injury sustained, the master and wardens give a certificate, that they have viewed the
carcass, and adjudicate on the amount of the allowance to be made; for this certificate they
exact a fee of two shillings. . - -
The sellers, upon whom this expense falls, complain that there is a leaning in the guild
towards, the butcher (the purchaser), -that the amount allowed is frequently too great-
and further, that the injury which the animal may have received is often occasioned by the
neglect of duty of the corporate officers in not paying more attention to the accommodation.
of the public in the market itself, or by the violence of those employed by the butchers in
driving the cattle from Smithfield. The payment of the sum adjudged by the guild of
butchers is therefore frequently resisted, and it is then enforced by a summons to the É. of
Conscience, where the original dissatisfaction is aggravated by a supposed partiality in the cor-
porate court towards the decision of the guild.
No such deduction is made at Liverpool market, and this, amongst other reasons, is as-
signed by some graziers as a motive for giving it the preference over the Dublin market. The
quantity of cattle of all descriptions sold here, either for exportation or home consumption, is
very considerable, and the accommodation in the market place by no means adequate. There
is no inspector of the cattle market, and during several months the greatest disorder and
confusion is said to prevail there on market days, from the want of space and proper classi-
fication of the cattle. The neglect of this market by the corporate authorities has been fre-
quently made a subject of remonstrance, and though occasionally attended to, is still the cause
of much complaint. -
In the year 1825, on a memorial from the salesmasters of Smithfield, a certain portion of
the market place, or rather one of the principal avenues leading to it, called the Hay Market,
was allocated by the lord mayor for the sale of pigs. But this removal not producing the
satisfaction that was anticipated, inasmuch as it impeded one of the entrances into the market
place, another change was made in the year 1828, which, whether from the manner in which
it was effected by the corporate functionaries, or from its interference with the interests of the
pig factors living on the spot who were more immediately concerned, has been the subject of
much complaint against the corporate authorities, and of a great deal of conflicting evidence,
both before two committees of the House of Commons, and before us.
With a view, as stated on the part of the corporation, to the better accommodation of the
public, the lord mayor in the latter year removed this market to an enclosed yard in May
Lane adjoining Smithfield, but forming no part of the public market place. It was the pri-
vate property of three members of the corporation as lessees, who imposed certain charges for
the use of it. In the former market places at Smithfield no compulsory charge was made to
the public beyond the commission to the factor on the sale, and a charge for pennage to those
who used the pens. This removal, which was not effected without considerable resistance on
the part of the factors, and the employment of force by the lord mayor, was a source of
great dissatisfaction to the frequenters of the market. It is said that many dealers resorted in
consequence to other markets; and the provision contractors complained that the supply to
Dublin became therefore deficient. Partly owing to the charges made in the new market,
partly perhaps to the injury done to the factors and to some of the inhabitants of the neigh-
bourhood by its removal, partly perhaps under an impression that the object was to serve the
owners of the new market who were members of the corporation and not to benefit the public,
the right of the lord mayor to remove the market became questioned, and in the year 1830
two actions were brought against his lordship in the Court of Common Pleas. A verdict for
£100 was had against the lord mayor in one, which was an action of trespass for forcibly
entering the plaintiff's premises (an enclosed yard to which the factors agreed to resort,
rather than to that selected by the lord mayor); in the other action, which was more
immediately to try the right of removal, there was a verdict for the defendant. Examinations
were lodged, and indictments were preferred by the corporate officers against one of the
principal persons in promoting this resistance, but those were not proceeded with. The
market has since been restored to its former situation in the hay market, where its inconve-
nience to the public is unquestionable. - -
The Hay and Straw Market at Smithfield is held on every Tuesday and Saturday. This
market has been also the subject of legislative regulation. By the 4 Geo. I. c. 11... s. 12,
continued by 7 Geo. II. c. 15, and by 11 Geo. II. c. 11, continued and amended by the 25
Geo. II. c. 15, each car load of hay and straw, brought for sale within the city of Dublin or
liberties thereof, or liberties of St. Sepulchre's, Thomas Court, or Donore, was required to
be 4 cwt. at 112 lbs. to each cwt., and in default the lord mayor, the semeschals of the
respective liberties, and all justices for the county, were empowered to seize such defective load
of hay or straw, and impose a penalty of 2s. 6d. a load on the owner; one moiety whereof was
to go to the informer, and the other moiety to the poor of the parish. If the seizure took .
place on the view of the lord mayor, seneschals, or magistrate, the moiety which should
otherwise go to the informer, was to be applied to the repairs of the highways in the county
and suburbs and liberties; and similar penalties were imposed by these Acts for fraud in
making up the article. Until the year 1814 hay and straw were generally brought into
Smithfield market in small loads, not exceeding the weight required by the preceding
statutes, 4 cwt. ; although occasionally double loads of 8 cwt. were to be had. In
that year, under the authority of Alderman Beresford, then lord mayor, four weighing -
machines were erected in the market place, by the deputy clerks of the market, and at their
private expense. They were appointed weighmasters for the purpose (one to each); and, a
charge of one farthing at first, but afterwards of one halfpenny, per cwt. was fixed by the
lord mayor, and apparently acquiesced in by the farmers, as a proper remuneration to be
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Removal of Pig
Market.
Smithfield Hay and
Straw Markets.
H 2
DUBLIN.
220 - REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Hay and Straw In-
spector, Dutiés of.
Emoluments.
paid by the public to the weighmasters for the cost of weighing and giving a certificate of
weight to the purchaser. Since that period hay and straw are brought to market in loads of
any quantity the farmer thinks proper; and the change of system has been most advantageous
to the public. The statutes of 4 Ann. c. 14, and 25 Geo. II. c. 15, appear to limit the charge
to la: a load. -
It is insisted by the corporate authorities that all hay and straw sold in Smithfield must be
brought to those weighing machines which are sanctioned by the lord mayor, and a ticket of
the weight obtained from the corporate weighmaster.
At the weighhouse a register is kept of the number and weight of each dray or cart fre-
quenting the market, and a corresponding metal number to be affixed thereto is provided, for
which a fee of 2s. 6d. is paid to the weighmaster. The gross weight of the load and cart is
ascertained on its coming to market, and the previously registered weight being deducted, on
the met result, the halfpenny per cwt. is charged to the purchaser. Frauds are sometimes
detected, such as changing the numbers, and adding to the weight of the cart after registry;
but should the purchaser suspect this he can have the cart reweighed after delivering the
articles. Unsold hay and straw are not weighed or charged for.
The number of these weighing machines being, it is alleged, found insufficient for the
public accommodation, private weighing machines were set up in the neighbourhood, but
without the sanction of the corporate authorities. These were permitted to be used by the
public without interruption for some time; but in 1833 the then lord mayor compelled all
those who brought hay or straw to the private weighing machine to have it reweighed at the
corporate machine, and to pay the charge for weighing there: and the police, by his direc-
tions, prevented persons from going to the private weighing machine, alleging that, as clerk
of the market, and under the authority of 26 Geo. III. c. 41, he had an exclusive right of
appointing the persons who were alone to weigh for the public. -
An action was recently brought in the court of King's Bench against the lord mayor to
try this right; a verdict was had for the defendant under the directions of the judge who tried
the case, but subject to the opinion of the court; and the case, after argument, has been
decided in his favour.
Although the weighmasters of the hay market are sworn on receiving their deputation to
perform the duties generally of the clerk of the market, and to adjust the weighing machines
with the standard weights, this latter duty devolves on the inspector; and their duties are in
practice confined to keeping the weighing machines, weighing the hay and straw, and giving
the ticket of weight. - -
Their annual emoluments from fees on weighing probably amount to about £100 each,
after deducting expenses and paying each £25 to the inspector.
The duty of the Hay and Straw Inspector is to regulate this market, and adjust the weighing
machimes with the standard weights; to examine all hay and straw brought there for sale, so
as to ascertain whether sound or unsound, or fraudulently made up; and if defective in these
respects, to enforce the provisions of the Acts of Parliament already referred to.
He has two assistants, sometimes more, who are sworn to the faithful discharge of their
duty by the lord mayor, and the beadles of the respective parishes of St. Paul's and
Michan's act as auctioneers upon sales.
His salary is £100 a-year, paid in equal portions by each of the four weighmasters of the
market; and he considers himself also entitled to the moiety of all fines imposed by him,
although he states that he has never appropriated any portion of them to his own use, but
paid the fines as well as amount of seizures over to the two parishes in which the market
place is situated.
The present inspector was appointed fourteen years since by the then lord mayor, who was
his brother-in-law, and he has been reappointed by every lord mayor since. He was an officer
in the army. He is not a member of the corporation.
The duties of such an office are necessarily obnoxious, however faithfully and carefully
discharged; and, accordingly, we found great dissatisfaction as to the manner in which they
were performed. Doubts have been raised as to the legality of his authority, and open resist-
ance to the exercise of it has been evinced. However, on an indictment against the party so
resisting, the judge who tried the case sustained the authority of the officer, the traverser
pleaded guilty, and the resistance has ceased. The system in itself seems very objectionable,
and is the source of frequent complaint. -
It is objected, and with reason, that the power of deciding on the quality of the hay or
straw (for which, if found defective, the owner is subject to a penalty to a certain extent at the
discretion of the inspector, besides the forfeiture of his property) should not be left to a single
individual, perhaps incompetent, but, at all events, appointed annually at the will and pleasure
of each successive lord mayor, and uncontrolled by the intervention of a market jury or any
similar check. *
It is also complained that the hay and straw are thrown down for inspection by the orders
of the inspector in the open street, no matter what the state of the street or of the weather
may be ; and should it be found not seizable, either as fraudulently made up or defective in
quality, the owner is left to reload it as he can, at great inconvenience, some expense, and
probable injury to the article.
It is stated that this arbitrary course is adopted at the suggestion (not on oath) of persons
employed as assistants by the inspector, who go through the market for the purpose, and
whose remuneration is derived from the produce of the seizure, and who have exacted
gratuities, by way of bribe, from the owner, or salesmaster on behalf of the owner, to relieve
them from this annoyance, even where the commodity may be of the very best quality: should
the hay or straw be seized as fraudulently made up, or defective in quality, it is sold by auction,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 22] DUBLIN.
. tº & g e g FAIRS AND
bought by jobbers, and resold in the market to the public, and so far the public are not MARKETs.
benefited by the exclusion of an unsound article. ©
Another and very general course of complaint with respect to the hay and straw market is,
that from the absence or inefficiency of the day police, a system of plundering the hay and
straw brought to market has been practised to a great extent, not only in the market place,
but in the streets and avenues leading to and from it. The factors of the market were at one
time under the necessity of subscribing to pay a private watchman for the protection of the
hay and straw ; two or three policemen are now appointed to this duty.
The number of weighing machines is said to be insufficient, by which great inconvenience
and loss of time are produced; and for this, as well as the cattle market, the place itself is too
small for public accommodation. |
It has been suggested to us, that no seizure should be made without the intervention of
a market jury, or some similar tribunal ; that a large covered place should be provided for
examining the hay and straw, where there should be assistance given gratuitously to the owner
if the article was not found fraudulent; that even damaged hay should be permitted to be
sold, if offered for sale as such; that the number of weighing machines should be increased,
and the market place enlarged, and that there should be an efficient market police.
The disposal of the hay or straw seized by the inspector, is not provided for by the Acts
authorizing the seizure; but in practice, the produce of it when sold, is allocated by the
inspector, in the same way in which the moiety of the penalty is given by the Acts, namely, to
the poor of the parish, or rather of the two parishes, on which the market place is situated.
The amount of cash paid over on account of the seizures to each of the two parishes of Amount of Seizures,
St. Michan's and St. Paul, for four years, was as follows:— and how disposed
To St. Micham's, 1830 . . . . . . f. 17 3 6 of.
1831 . . . . . . 10 16 0 tº
1832 . º e tº sº © 8 7 6
1833 . • . . e. º e º 18 4 7
54 11 7
Like to St. Paul's parish dº © tº º ©. 54 l l 7
iſ 109 3 2
The above is the net amount of the sales and fines imposed, after deducting the expenses
attending seizure and sales; but the gross amount is much more considerable. By a return of
seizures made by the inspector from the 4th of September to 21st of December 1833,
itappears that the gross produce, during that short period, was £30 l l 9
Out of which was paid to the poor but . * sº tº 13 7 3
Leaving for the Expenses cº * > fºl'7 4 6
distributed partly, as fees to the assistants to the parish beadle, who acts as auctioneer, and
to the weighmasters of the market. The productiveness of the sales is also affected by efforts
made by some of the inferior factors to prevent persons from bidding at them. The resistance
formerly made to these seizures and sales has not been made of late years.
There is an appeal allowed to the lord mayor from the decision of the inspector; but it is
seldom resorted to.
Spitalfields Market is situated in the manor of St. Sepulchre's within the jurisdiction of Spitalfields Market.
the archbishop of Dublin; but a city crane is kept there, and by the Butter Acts of 1782 and
1812 the officers of it, a weighmaster and a butter inspector or taster, are appointed by the
corporation. The rent and taxes are paid by the weighmaster. The seneschal of the arch-
bishop and the market juries of the liberty still preserve their jurisdiction over it in other
respects, and all weights and measures must be sealed or stamped by their authority.
It is a butter, bacon, and potato market, and for the sale of provisions generally. The
situation and arrangements of it are sufficiently convenient, and it is much frequented.
The Duties of the Weighmaster are altogether confined to those which his name of office spitalfields' Weigh-
indicates. master, his Duties
He has the power of appointing a deputy. The present weighmaster's son acts as such, and and **
he has two clerks, three scale porters, and other assistants of that class.
The present weighmaster was appointed in 1813, but not until the 19th of August. He is
a member of the corporation.
His emoluments are derived from Fees payable at the following rates:— Fees.
For weighing every sack of potatoes . e sº ſº tº 2d.
55 5.5 bowl or cool of butter & sº tº ſº 2
5.5 55 draft of bacon consisting of three flitches . 2
55 53 carcass of hung beef wº º e º 5
2.5 firkin of butter tº * > 3
The average amount of these fees is stated by the weighmaster to be £300 a-year. By the
printed returns to the House of Commons, made by him preparatory to the last Butter Act,
the emoluments averaged for seven years, ending 1827, £421 per annum upon the entire.
The average of his emoluments as weighmaster of butter amounted to £62. 18s. annually-
He has received compensation under 10 Geo. IV. c. 41, as follows:— -
For 1830 . e & & . £22 I 10
,, 1831 Q * > s tº tº 34 6 10
t ,, 1832 . e º . . , 34 12 4
• * ,, 1833 º © wº • - 32 7, 2
Total 123 8 2
DUBLIN,
222. REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Kevin Street Mar-
ket.
Fish Market.
Potato Market.
Fruit Market,
Egg and Fowl Mar-
ket.
I
The exactions for weighing other commodities at this market are manifest evasions of the
Acts restricting the charges of weighmasters, 4 Ann. c. 14, and 25 Geo. III. c. 15.
Until within the last six or seven years the weights used in this market were sealed with the city
seal, but the clerk of the market to the liberty of St. Sepulchre's having then claimed the
privilege of performing this duty and receiving the fees consequent upon it, all weights and
measures must be sanctioned by his authority. -
Kevin Street Market is a very extensive hay and straw market, as well as for the sale of
potatoes, fowls, eggs, and other provisions. This, though jº, considered a city market,
and one of its principal sources of supply, is within the liberty of St. Sepulchre's, and is
alleged to be altogether exempt from the corporate jurisdiction. The officers of it, a weigh-
master and butter taster, are appointed by the archbishop of Dublin. The lord mayor,
however, claims a right to superintend it, and have the weights and measures used there
sanctioned by his authority. &
The very unseemly exhibitions, which the assertion of this right has sometimes produced,
will be noticed in the account of the manorial jurisdiction, where also will be given a more
particular account of its regulations and also the duties and emoluments of its officers.
The wholesale Fish Market was, until lately, held on the corporate estate in Pill
Lane. On an application from the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, who represented it
as a nuisance, it was recently removed by the lord mayor to an adjoining enclosed yard,
in Boot Lane, the property of two members of the corporation. The removal of this market
was at first resisted by the factors, and when prevented from frequenting the old market in
Pill Lane, they set up a market of their own rather than go to that which was provided by
the lord mayor; but finding the new market more convenient, and the charges not greater.
than those in Pill Lane, the buyers and sellers have latterly adopted the lord mayor's market.
It is sufficiently commodious, and the charges for the use of it are moderate.
The great Market, for the sale of Potatoes, on the north side of the river, is in one of
the avenues to the Little Green, called.Petticoat Lane. A small portion of the present site is
corporate property, and was the ancient potato market of the city. It is now rented from the
corporation by two persons who are joint weighmasters and clerks of the market under the lord
mayor, and who also are lessees of the remaining portion of the market to a private individual.
The rent and taxes of the market amount to £242. 6s., independently of the expenses of
scalemen, clerks, repairs, &c. The market is commodious, and the avenues to it convenient.
Factors are also employed here between the seller and purchaser.
The charges to the public for weighing at the scales are 2d. per sack or basket actually
weighed, which, it is alleged by one of the weighmasters, is barely sufficient to cover the
expenses of the place. The same person alleges that considerable impositions are practised
on the poor of Dublin in this, to them, necessary article of food, by a system which prevails at
this market of getting, contrary to the provisions of the Act of Parliament, only one of several
sacks weighed as a sample-sack, and them inducing the purchaser to buy a number of sacks on
the same crane weight on the supposition of their all being of equal weight, when in fact they
are very deficient, and he proposes to obviate this by making it compulsory to have every sack
weighed. He proposes a reduction of 1d. in each sack to be weighed over 23 cwt., and one
halfpenny per cwt. on each sack under that weight.
By the 25 Geo. II, c. 115, s. 12, it is enacted that all potatoes shall be weighed at the
beams of the place without fee, and the lord mayor is bound to provide a public beam and
scales, and to give the purchasers of this necessary article of food the benefit of the foregoing
enactment; but so far from this being the case, private individuals are enabled by the corpo-
ration to profit by this evasion of their duty.
The Fruit Market is held also in a part of the Little Green; but since the opening of the
Northumberland Market (a private speculation of a gentleman of the name of Classon, who
has induced several of the dealers to come to his market), the old fruit market is less
frequented.
The Egg and Fowl Market is also a continuous part of the Little Green, situate in Halston
Street. The site is the joint property of one of the aldermen and another individual. Their tenant
is the clerk of the market, licensed by the lord mayor, who receives 10. for every 120 eggs, and 1d.
for every dozen fowl, or for a lesser quantity, from the farmer on going into the market. The
wholesale purchasers, who afterwards retail them in the market place, pay him besides from
ls. 6d. to 2s. 6d. stallage per week. !
Amongst the returns made by the several clerks of the peace in Ireland to the House of
Commons, and printed in 1830, of the several schedules of tolls lodged with those officers,
pursuant to the directions, of the 57 Geo. III. c. 208, is the following schedule of the tolls
collected in the markets of Dublin, (p. 70). By a notice, signed William Clarke, and dated
18th June, 1818, directed to the corporation and clerks of the peace, and given in the same
return, it appears that Mr. Clarke had experienced difficulty in collecting the tolls, from the
schedule not being lodged with the clerks of the peace, and posted in the public markets, as
required by the before-mentioned Act, and was not in the due and full receipt of the tolls and
customs therein mentioned; and that, inasmuch as the corporation of the city of Dublin have
not complied with the provisions of such Act, in respect to the markets hereafter mentioned,
he, in obedience to said Act, so far as he was enabled or empowered by the said corporation to
deliver in such schedule accordingly, therewith and thereby delivers in a schedule of the tolls,
customs, and duties of the markets in Green Street, Halston Street, Petticoat Lane, and Mary's
Lane, in the city of Dublin, claimed, by said corporation, as appears by the public proclamations
of the lord mayor, copies whereof.were in his possession; and Mr. Clarke, by his notice,
further called on the corporation to.put the said schedules in the markets, or that in default
thereof he should do so himself, in order to guard against the penalties of the Act.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND.
DUBLIN.
223
Schedule to which the foregoing notice refers.
. POTATO MARKET. d.
For peckage, and handing each sack of potatoes 3 cwt. and upwards". 3
For each cleeve or basket under 3 cwt. e 2
For each small cleeve or basket I
Factors for selling each sack or cleeve “º º 6%
PoulTRY AND EGG MARKET.
Eggs, per hundred . l
Fowls, per dozen tº º e º 'º gº l
BUTTER MARKET.
All draughts under 1 cwt. . © º ºs e g g tº , 3
Ditto 1 cwt. and upwards . . . . . . . . . . 4
FRUIT MARKET.
For every dozen maggins of raspberries tº e º º ºs & 1
5.5 basket of currants, cherries, strawberries, or gooseberries . I
,, . kish of ditto . . . . 5
,, hand-basket of small fruit . 0%
5.5 small cleeve . gº tº I
, second size ditto 1}
55 third size ditto sº e º 'º e º & 2
35 kish of apples, if more than one on a car . 3
, carload of apples . . . . . 6
.59 small basket of nuts * > 1
55 cleeve of ditto e e º 'o º 3
5.5 basket of wall-fruit or hothouse fruit 2
55 article not herein enumerated . . . . . . . . . . . 1
GREEN and ARCHER, Clerks of the Peace, City of Dublin.
Besides the City Crane at Spitalfields, there were formerly three, butter cranes in the
City; one in Thomas Street, one in Queen Street, and the liberty crane of Thomas Court
and Donore. To the two first, which were within the city, the weighmasters were appointed by
the corporation, and the last being within the jurisdiction of the Earl of Meath's liberty of
Thomas Court and Donore, the weighmaster of it was appointed by the Earl of Meath. In
the year 1819, at the wish of the magistrates, and for the benefit of the export trade in butter,
all three were united in one crane, called the United Butter Crane, now held at Thomas Street,
and the three weighmasters continued to receive the fees and emoluments jointly, which by
returns to the House of Commons in 1828, amounted to £173. 1s. 1d. a-year each on butter
for export, and £20 a-year each for “open butter.” i
They have received as compensation under the 10 Geo. IV., c. 41, the following sums, viz.
For 1830 £157 2 6
,, 1831 231 14 6
,, 1832 284 15 4
,, 1833 262 I.G 0
£986 8 4
Under the Butter Acts, a Butter Taster was appointed for the united crane and Spitalfields,
first by the lord mayor and board of aldermen in 1816, and then by the seneschal of Thomas
Court and Donore, nominating the same person, so far as his authority was concerned, in
1819. His duties, which are discharged by him in person, are to examine all butter exposed
for sale in the markets.
From the returns ordered by the House of Commons to be printed in 1829 relative to the
butter trade, the net average amount of these fees to the inspector for seven years, ending
1827, appears to have been £343. 8s. annually.
The number of casks of butter tasted and proved by him in that period was 367,399, so
that his charge must have been 26 per cask, the legal charge, by the 52 Geo. III., c. 134,
s. 13, being only 16, for tasting, proving, and marking the quality. He alleges his fees
“were regulated at different meetings of the mercantile body, publicly summoned in the
years 1814 and 1815, by the then lord mayors Beresford and Shaw, for the object of
making the office independent, and to compensate for the heavy expenses of branding in
Dublin, otherwise, and in other ports, not required by the inspector.”
Compensation under the 10 Geo. IV., c. 41, was granted to him as follows, viz.:
For 1830 fº 90 4 3
,, 1831 132 6 0
,, 1832 251 8 2
fº473 18 5
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
United Butter
Crane, Thomas.
Street.
Butter Taster.
The Green Hide Crane, in Bonham Street, is on the estate of the corporation, and was Green Hide Crane,
probably established there as a public crane on the passing of the 8 Geo. I. c. 7. S. 11. This
Act directed that no green hides or calf skins should be sold in Dublin or liberties adjoining,
except by weight, and at a public place appointed by the lord mayor or seneschals. And by
the 12th section, sworn weighmasters were to be appointed there by such lord mayor or sene-
schals respectively, and were to have one farthing a hide for the performance of their duty. The
Act was continued, and the fee raised to one halfpenny, by the 10 Geo. I. c. 9, s. 23, 24. It
is now held by lease by the weighmaster, under the circumstances already stated, in reference
to the appointment of that officer (page 17); so that it is in fact his private property, and
DUBLIN.
224 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
FAIRS AND.
MARKETS.
Duty of Green Hide
Weighmaster.
Leather Crane.
Corn Market.
Thomas Street
Market.
Grand Canal Har-
bour Market.
it is fitted up at his expense. Except in the months of November and December, when there
is an extraordinary press of business, the accommodation at the crame is sufficient, and the
situation of it is convenient to the trade. * *. -
The Duty of the weighmaster, as regulated by the several statutes already referred to,
is not merely to weigh the hides, but to examine into and punish frauds in them, to inspect the
quality of them, and to adjudicate on the proper allowances to be made, in case of disputes
between the seller and the trade: if either party is dissatisfied with his decision, there is
an appeal to a committee of seven tanners, formerly appointed by the lord mayor, but now
summoned by the weighmaster. -
Under the 39 Geo. III. c. 61. s. 2, the last of the before-mentioned Acts, the market is to
be held at particular hours, on four days in each week, and penalties are imposed for
selling at any other place, or at any other time, than that specified in the Act; but the crane-
master states, that he is obliged to give, either by himself or his deputy, a daily attendance at
the crane. -
His emoluments are from fees, according to the following scale: it is not posted in the office.
For weighing and inspecting each draft, consisting of five Salt Hides . . 6d.
If consisting of kips, (a lighter description of Hide,) . . . . . . 9
Calf Skin, for inspecting, 2d. per doz.
» , weighing, 2d. per draft.
Horse Skins #d, or 1d. each for inspection. -
For fresh Hides (of cattle killed in Dublin) ; d. per Hide for inspection.
Besides the foregoing fees, which are alleged to be the usual ſees received for fifty years,
and to be lower than those charged at Cork and Limerick, the present weighmaster derives
an additional income of about £50 from letting part of the crane, as stores to the trade, and
from charges for storage for hides left in the crane beyond a certain period. After deducting
all expenses, including a salary of £80 a-year to his deputy, the office is worth to the present
possessor about £300 a-year.
The present deputy is son to the weighmaster.
It has been mentioned that the Acts regulating this office are no longer in force, although
their provisions appear to be still acted upon. The provisions of these Acts have been in
themselves found defective, and several meetings of the trade have lately taken place to con-
sider the propriety of petitioning the Legislature for their amendment. The great object is
alleged to be to vest more summary powers in the weighmaster, or his deputy, for the punish-
ment of frauds.
The importance of the tanning trade to the city of Dublin is such as to demand immediate
attention to the wishes of the manufacturers in this respect.
Under the general authority of public weighmaster, the lord mayor, some years ago, licensed
an individual to open a public crane for weighing tanned hides: the premises were this indi-
vidual’s private property, and he incurred considerable expenses in fitting them up; but the
trade considering that this public crane afforded them no advantages beyond what their re-
spective cranes afforded, were unwilling to submit to the tax which the use of it would have
imposed, and they accordingly combined against the owner. It is now given up.
The charter of George I., as already stated, empowered the corporation to hold a free
market for corn every Monday and Thursday, and to take to their own use the tolls and
customs of the market. -
By the 16th section of the 25 Geo. III. c. 62, (an Act for the encouragement of agricul-
ture,) it was enacted that the mayor, recorder, aldermen, sheriffs, and representatives in Par-
liament, of and for every seaport, town, or city, and the knights of the shire for the several
counties contiguous to such town or city, all for the time being, should be commissioners for
providing a proper and sufficient place for holding the corn market therein, and that all the
powers contained in several Acts of Parliament (those constituting the Commissioners of wide
streets,) should be vested in the new commissioners, or any seven or more of them, for the pur-
pose of procuring such market place, and of making wide and convenient passages thereto.
By the 17th section they were enabled to procure ground by lease or otherwise in per-
petuity, (not to exceed two acres,) and passages of 50 feet in width.
The 18th section of this Act directed that the lease of such ground should be made unto,
and the rents thereof be payable by, the corporation of such town or city; and that all grounds,
houses, or tenements which should be purchased as aforesaid, should be paid for by, and be
vested in, the said corporation, for the sole purpose of being applied for holding a regular
weekly market of corn therein; and that so soon as the said corporation should cause to be
erected, or there should be otherwise erected thereon, all necessary buildings and conveniences
for the sale of corn, the corn market of such town should be duly and regularly held therein,
and in no other place. º -
By the 20th section, the grand jury of the county of the town or city were enabled at one
or more assizes to present such sum as should appear to them to be necessary, upon an
affidavit and plan being laid before them, for erecting the several buildings, walls, fences, and
railings, on such grounds; and also to present from time to time such sums as should appear
necessary for repairs, &c., and likewise a sum of £60 for the salary of a clerk or one or more
bailiffs, for cleansing, sweeping, and taking care of such market.
A market-house was erected in 1725 by the corporation of Dublin, for the sale of corn in
Thomas Street, and continued there until removed about the year 1814 by the commissioners
for making wide and convenient streets in Dublin, when the present corn exchange was erected
as hereinafter noticed.
By the 26 Geo. III. c. 21, s. 41, reciting that the owners of the several commodities brought
by the Grand Canal had been put to very considerable expense by being obliged to convey
such commodities to the several markets in the said city appointed for the sale thereof, whereby
MUNICIPAL COIRPORATIONS IN IRELAN D. 225
DUBLIN.
the advantages of water carriage were greatly diminished, and the prices of such commodities
increased, it is enacted that all commodities whatever, brought by the said Grand Canal to
the said city, might be sold upon the banks or quay of the said canal, near James's Street,
commonly called the Canal Harbour, and that said bank or quay should be deemed a legal
market for the same, any law, custom, franchise, or usage, to the contrary notwithstanding.
And that the corn, &c., sold there should be entitled to the same bounties (given by former
statutes) as if sold in Thomas Street, or any of the other markets in the city of Dublin.
By the 42d section of said Act owners and ſactors were directed to make returns to the
proper officers of all commodities sold, and were made subject to the same regulations and
restrictions as the owners of all such commodities sold in any of the other markets of the said
city were then liable to.
And by the 43d section it was directed that corn, meal, malt, or flour, should be sold on
said bank or quay only on Tuesdays or Fridays, or such other days as the lord mayor of the
city of Dublin should appoint, not being less than two in each week; and the clerk of the
markets of the said city was required to attend the sale of corn on the said banks by himself
or his deputy.
By the 24th section of 30 Geo. III. c. 30, it was enacted that to enable the lord mayor of
the city of Dublin to make certain corn returns with greater convenience and accuracy, and for
the better regulation of the corn market of said city, that Wednesday and Friday should be
the market-days at the market-house in Thomas Street, and Tuesday and Thursday only in
each week should be the market-days at the Grand Canal Harbour, on which days respectively
it should be lawful for every species of corn and grain, meal and flour, to be brought to and
sold in said markets.
Both those markets are now discontinued, and the general corn-market of the city of Dublin
is held at the Corn Exchange, on Burgh Quay.
From the very remote situation of both Thomas Street and Grand Canal Harbour
Markets, and the control exercised over the merchants by the corporation through the lord
mayor and clerk of the market, much inconvenience was felt by the trade; to remedy which, as
well as to evade the payment of toll claimed by the corporation on all corn sold in the market,
it had been for some time in contemplation to erect a building of their own for the purposes
of their trade, and where all corn might be bought and sold by sample.
The Legislature appears to have countenanced this proposed alteration of system, for in
1814, by the 2d section of the 54 Geo. III., c. 81 which empowered the collector of the port of
Dublin to receive a certain duty of 2s. 6d. on every entry inwards and outwards in the port
of Dublin, imposed by the 45 Geo. III. c. 18 (except as in the said Act is excepted), and
pay the same to his Majesty's Exchequer, the Commissioners of the Treasury were to pay 6d.
thereof to the trustees of the Royal Exchange in Dublin, for keeping same in repair, and the
remaining 2s. were directed to be paid to the use of the corporation, for erecting buildings for
commercial purposes in Dublin, to be by them applied in manner required by the said recited
Act of the 45 Geo. III. “ until any corporation should be established for the purpose of
erecting a corn exchange in the city of Dublin; and, whenever any such intended corporation
should obtain a charter of incorporation from his Majesty's heirs, &c., them the commissioners
were to pay said last mentioned 2s. to said last mentioned corporation, to be applied by said
corporation, in the first place, to discharge any debt due from the said corporation for erecting
buildings for commercial purposes in Dublin, and the remainder of such sum to be applied
towards discharging the interest of such sum or sums of money, not exceeding £15,000, as
should be borrowed for erecting and finishing such corn exchange, and towards the discharge
of the principal sum so borrowed, and for no other purpose; and to be duly accounted for
before the commissioners for auditing the public accounts.”
Shortly after the passing of this Act, (in 1815,) a joint-stock company was formed and
incorporated by Royal Charter on the 6th May same year, under the name of “The Corn-
Exchange Buildings' Company of Dublin.”
By this charter, after reciting the petition of certain persons therein named, “ either
actually engaged or interested in the purchase and sale of grain, malt, meal, and flour,” in
behalf of themselves and other persons, merchants connected therewith, being traders of the
city of Dublin; and setting forth that the convenience of said trade within the said city of
Dublin, and the intercourse of all persons connected therewith, would be essentially promoted
by the founding of buildings to be appropriated to that purpose, situate in a convenient part
of the city, and that they had subscribed sums of money in shares of £50 each towards a
capital stock for the foundation and support of such an establishment, and that a committee
(which they had appointed) had agreed for the purchase of an extensive lot of ground on
Burgh Quay, whereon to construct a suitable building, and had received and were ready to
expend part of their subscription; the petitioners were incorporated “for the purposes of
founding, constructing, regulating, and maintaining all such buildings and other improve-
ments as they, or their successors in their corporate capacity, should deem necessary for the
convenience of commercial dealing and intercourse, and for the accommodation of persons
exercising trade, and particularly the corn trade, within the said city of Dublin.” A committee
of fiſteen directors was to be chosen annually by ballot, by and from amongst the company, to
manage its affairs. Their capital was not to exceed £15,000, unless increased by two suc-
cessive general assemblies to £30,000, which was to be its utmost limit. The committee
were empowered to demise, alienate, or mortgage any part of the grounds, buildings, or
revenue, by a previous order of one, and a subsequent ratification of another, general assembly;
and the committee were further enabled to appoint a treasurer, secretary, and other officers.
The company, after their incorporation, proceeded to erect the present Corn Exchange.
They borrowed a sum of £15,500, which, with their own capital of £6,000, and the produce
of the duties given by the 54 Geo. III. c. 81, above referred to, were, however, insufficient to
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Corn Exchange.
2 I
- DUBLIN.
226 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
complete the building and the purchase of the ground. The 54 Geo. III. c. 81, was but
temporary; and by the 8 Geo. IV. c. 128, reciting, amongst other things, that the debt re-
maining undischarged in respect of the said Corn Exchange amounted to the sum of £7,800,
and that the public credit was pledged for the payment of the said sum of money so bor-
rowed, (with other sums,) and that it was expedient that same should be discharged, the
Commissioners of the Treasury were empowered to advance out of the Consolidated Fund to the
company a sum sufficient to complete it, on a mortgage of the 2s. duty granted to them by
the 54 Geo. III.; and the building was soon after completed. By an increase of their capital
stock to £12,000, on terms advantageous to the subscribers, and the annual produce of the
2s, duty given to the company under the Act, they were enabled finally to discharge their debts
in 1827; the dividend on their stock is payable from the stallage or standings in the
Exchange, and the rent of apartments connected with the building.
The whole cost of the purchase and building was about £25,000.
The days on which it is open for the sale of corn are Tuesdays and Fridays, from eleven to
one o'clock. All corn is sold by sample.
The lord mayor and corporation officers have no control whatever over this establishment.
On its first formation they claimed the right of sending their own clerk of the market and inferior
officers to preserve order, but the company would not permit their interference. An officer of the
corporation, the clerk of the corn table, however, attends there to receive and make the returns
of sales as directed by the Bakers' Act (45 Geo. III. cap. cvi., Loc. & Pers.); but his attendance
is only permitted there by the company for public convenience, and so jealous are they of any
interference on the part of the corporation, that when this officer, on the printed returns made
by him to the lord mayor, subscribed himself clerk of the corn table and comptroller of the corn
market, they insisted on the disuse of the latter designation. -
It is worthy of observation that, although the charter of Geo. I. grants to the corpora-
tion the right to hold a corn market with all tolls, and though the 25 Geo. III. c. 62, directs
them to hold a corn market, none such is in fact now held. The Corn Exchange is not, legally
speaking, a market, nor is the right to hold a market given to the company by their charter.
In 1767 a sum of £13,286. 18s. 4d. was granted by the Parliament of Ireland (7 Geo.
III., c. 1, s. 7), to the commissioners of wide streets, “to enable them to purchase grounds for
the purposes of widening the streets, accommodating the Castle, and erecting an exchange on
Cork-hill, opposite Parliament-street;” and in the same session an Act was passed (c. 22,)
“ for promoting the trade of Ireland, by enabling the merchants thereof to erect an exchange
in the city of Dublin.” This Act states that the money was granted at the instance of the
merchants of the city of Dublin, and that a convenient and proper exchange for the merchants
and traders at Dublin to meet in and transact business was greatly wanted, and the said
merchants had endeavoured with great care and assiduity to collect a fund for the building,
and were willing to erect it and keep it in repair; and as it was necessary that the ground
should be appropriated for the purpose for ever, and that some select body of merchants and
traders, with others, should be wested with powers to plan out, erect, and complete the
building, and from time to time, for ever, to repair and keep it in order, it was directed that
the commissioners of wide streets should convey the ground unto the guild or corporation,
called The Masters, Wardens, and Brethren of the Corporation of Merchants, or Guild of
the Holy Trinity of the City of Dublin, and their successors, for ever; and it was vested in the
guild for the sole purposes and uses of this building; and sixteen of the merchants, the
lord mayor, sheriffs, the city representatives, the city treasurer, and the senior master of the
guild of merchants, were constituted trustees for its regulation, and were incorporated as such.
A mode of filling vacancies, by the guild of merchants, was appointed, and the trustees were
empowered to take securities and enter into contracts relative to the execution of their trust;
to nominate a treasurer, clerk, or register, and other necessary officers and servants, with
suitable salaries and wages, to hold during their pleasure, and to make bye-laws for the regu-
lation of the exchange and the government of their officers and servants. A
In 1819 an inconvenience arose from the enactment in the 7 Geo. III., c. 22, requiring
that the merchants to be elected should have the allowance of 6 and 10 per cent, at the
Custom-house as wholesale merchants, which had ceased by law, and there were then 8
vacancies in the body of 16 elective trustees; and by the 59 Geo. III. (Loc. & Pers.) c. lxx.,
it was enacted, that by public notice in the “Dublin Gazette” there should be convened at the
common hall of the guild of merchants an assembly of such brethren of the guild, not less
than 30, as should be bond fide wholesale import merchants of the city, and not retailers of
any goods, wares, or merchandize whatever, for the purpose of electing so many merchants,
being free of the said guild of merchants, not being retailers as aforesaid, but being actual
bomá ſide wholesale import merchants, and having been so for three years last past, as should
be requisite to fill the vacancies. The masters and wardens of the guild were to convene such
assemblies within 10 days, or at furthest a month, after notice given them by the surviving
trustees, or any seven of them ; and, if such elections were not duly made by the assemblies of
the guild at the expiration of that time, the trustees themselves were empowered to supply
the vacancies at a meeting to be convened in the trustees' room at the Royal Exchange by
public advertisements in the newspapers, and by summons.
A duty of 1s. was imposed on every entry inwards in the port of Dublin, save port entries
and of coals, in 1784, by the 23, 24 Geo. III., c. 20, ss, 2, 3, to be paid to the trustees
towards discharging debts contracted by them for building and furnishing, and for repairs.
This duty was continued annually, and directed by the 26 Geo. III., c. 11, to be accounted
for before the Import Commissioners, and increased to 1s. 6d. by the 36 Geo. III., c. 2, and
37 Geo. III. c. 3, and to 23. by the 38 Geo. III. c. 5, and to 2s. 6d. by the 39 Geo.III. c. 8,
40 Geo. III. c. 4, 41 Geo. III. c. 17, 42 Geo. III. c. 31, and so on to the 45 Geo. III. c. 18,
already mentioned.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 227
DUBLIN.
By the 36 Geo. III., 37 Geo. III., 38 Geo. III., the trustees of the Exchange were directed
to apply the surplus of this duty, after payment of the debts, and repairs to Exchange, “to
the use of the several merchants and traders who have entered into subscriptions for erecting
buildings for commercial purposes.” By the 39 Geo. III., 40 Geo. III., &c., 2s. of the
2s. 6d. duty were allocated for the Commercial-Buildings' Company, and 6d. to the Trustees
of the Royal Exchange, and it was continued by the 45 Geo. III. c. 18, and 54 Geo. III. c. 81,
as we have above stated, until the incorporation of the Corn-Exchange Company.
The Assize of Bread within the city and county of Dublin, and liberties thereof, is now
regulated by the 45 Geo. III, cap. cvi., Loc. & Pers. (the Baker's Act,) which, after repealing
the several Acts of the Irish Legislature on the same subject enumerated in the margin, as
having been found ineffectual, directs, among other things, (6th section,) all merchants, &c.,
who import flour, wheat, or meal of wheat, into Dublin, to make returns on every Friday in
each week, on oath, to the lord mayor, of the quantities sold by them in the preceding week,
specifying the description of flour, &c., the price, and the names of the persons to whom sold.
By the 7th section returns are likewise required, on oath, from the respective clerks of the
markets, to the lord mayor, and the semeschals of St. Sepulchre's, and of Thomas Court and
Donore, of the quantities sold in their respective markets, specifying also the quality and price;
and by the 8th section the bakers are empowered to appoint, at their own expense, a superin-
tendent of their own to check those returns, and superintend the striking the assize of bread. By
the 11th section the collector of the port of Dublin is required to return to the lord mayor, weekly,
an account of the quantity of flour, &c., imported, and the names of the persons who import same;
and, by the 12th section, entries of all such returns, and the middle price of wheat as ascertained
therefrom, shall be made by the lord mayor, in a book to be kept at the market-house, to which
all persons are to have access. By the 13th section each baker is to make a weekly return,
according to a certain printed form given in the Act, of all meal and flour bought by him, and
he is bound to take an oath to act in conformity with the Act of Parliament. Various penal-
ties are imposed for fraud or violation of its prohibitions, and directions and powers given to
the magistrates to detect those frauds, and enforce the penalties. The lord mayor is (sec.
33) directed to strike the assize of bread on every Friday from the average price of wheat,
and of all kinds of flour fit for making of bread, as ascertained from the preceding returns,
according to a table annexed to the Act, and the price and assize so set takes place, and is in
force, from the Monday following till the next assize shall be set. Bakers are, by the 44th
section, bound to buy only in the public corn market, except corn imported, which may be
bought from the importer, and no market is to open till after the ringing of a bell at 11 o'clock
each market day.
Under this Act the bakers appoint a superintendent of corn returns, who attends at the *
Corn Exchange, and checks the returns made by the corporation officer. The returns re-
quired from the corn-factors are not made.
The Minor Markets of Dublin do not require any detailed notice. They are all private
property, but under the jurisdiction of the market juries and of the lord mayor, whose duties,
in respect to them, have been already referred to. -
The general state of these markets is discreditable to the municipal authorities. They are
confined in space, and the approaches to them narrow and inconvenient. Sufficient attention to
cleanliness is by no means shown. There are no public slaughter-houses, and those used by
the butchers in the vicinity of the markets are a serious nuisance in the neighbourhood. By
the ancient oath administered to the chief magistrate of the city he was enjoined “to see the
market kept decent and in order, that there be no carrion or stinking meat sold, no false weights
or measures kept amongst the sellers, whereby the buyers may be damaged, but to take all
such away, and to be given to the poor of that parish in which the same be forfeited;” and,
again, “not to suffer any cattle to be slaughtered within the walls;” and, although this oath is
no longer administered to the lord mayor since the establishment of market juries, on whom
much of the duty has devolved, attention to the state of the markets is still considered to form
an important part of his functions, and he, in fact, exercises a very general authority over them.
The extent of patronage which the markets afford to the corporation will appear from an
enumeration of the officers appointed by them, namely:—
Deputy clerks of the market º g © 4
Smithfield hay and straw weighmasters tº tº 4
35 2 x inspector * |
Weighmaster of butter crane º g |
green hide crane g { } ©
leather crane (when in existence) .
25
3 y
being 11 officers directly
nominated by the corporation or the lord mayor. The lord mayor, besides, exercises the
power of granting or withholding at pleasure licences to hold markets in the case of the lessees
of the
Fish market.
Potato and fruit market.
Egg and fowl market. *
With this power and authority, and with the large funds so long at the disposal of the cor-
poration, it has long been felt by the public, and we think justly, that, had the corporation
been more strongly impressed with a regard for the comfort and convenience of their fellow-
citizens, efforts would have been made to imitate the examples set by the corporations of
London and Liverpool, and other great towns in England, with respect to their public markets.
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
Assize of Bread.
1 Geo. II. c. 16.
29 Geo. II. c. 11.
19 Geo. III. c. 17.
13 & 14 Geo. III.
c. 47. 17 & 18 Geo.
III. c. 17. 15 & 16
Geo. III. c. 22. 19
& 20 Geo.III. c. 20.
21 & 22 Geo. III.
c. 29. 33 Geo. III.
c. 24.
Minor Markets, and
General Remarks.
The exercise of the alleged power in the lord mayor of removing the markets as he in his General Remarks
discretion, thinks fit, has been recently the occasion of much dissatisfaction and complaint. A on Markets. 4
2 I 2
DUBLIN.
228 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
FAIRS AND
MARKETS.
CoRPoRATE PRO-
PERTY.
Revenues.
Estates.
Ancient Revenue.
St. George’s Rents.
All Hallows’ Rents.
St. Mary’s Abbey
and Thomas-Court
Rents.
good deal of conflicting evidence has been given on the subject before a Committee of the
House of Commons in 1830, (printed by order of the House in 1834,) and much also has
been laid before us on the same subject. The potato market has been removed from the
ancient market-place in the Little Green, or Green Street, to May Lane, and again restored.
The fish market from Pill Lane to Boot Lane; and the pig market, first, from one part of
Smithfield to another (the Haymarket); thence to May Lane, and again restored to the Hay-
market. All these changes were effected with much difficulty, and after considerable resist-
ance offered to the corporate authority; the use of the police force sometimes was resorted to,
and each market day exhibited a scene of violence. On one hand corrupt motives were at-
tributed to the lord mayor for the change, which was stated to be uncalled-for and injurious,
and intended either to benefit the property of himself or of his friends, members of the corpo-
ration; while the lord mayor, on the other hand, and his partisans, allege that the sole motive
was to benefit the public. We have not ascertained that any direct personal motive could
have influenced these acts on the part of the lord mayor, although the fact of the proposed
new markets being all the property of members of the corporation is undoubted. However, the
struggle has for the present terminated by the restoration of two of the markets to their
old sites; the third, the fish market, being the only one in the change of which the public
seem to have acquiesced. But the dissatisfaction still continues; nor can this be wondered
at when, in addition to the usual prevailing causes of jealousy towards the corporate autho-
rities, it is found that, in reference to the markets, the same individual who, as lord mayor,
enforced, at the head of the police of the city, the removal of the market one year to a
favoured spot; in the next, as President of the City Court of Conscience, compels the pay-
ment of the arbitrary charges imposed in the newly-created market, to which the public are
compelled to resort. *
VII, CORPORATE PROPERTY.
The Revenues of the corporation are considerable, and are derived from various sources, viz.:
first, the rents of their estates; secondly, the tolls or duties called slippage and anchorage,
collected from vessels entering the river Liffey ; thirdly, a small annual sum received for
minister's money and church cess out of the lands of Clonturk; fourthly, a casual revenue
arising from fines on renewals of leases, fines on admissions of freemen, and fines imposed at
the quarter sessions; and, fifthly, the rents or rates for supplying the city with water, called the
Pipe-water Revenue. The corporation also, until lately, collected certain tolls, according to
the schedule, of which a copy has been given in this Report. Goods of freemen and goods
coming into the city for private use were exempted from these customs. They were collected
until the year 1818, and produced a revenue of about 5,000l. per annum, out of which, under
the provisions of the statutes already referred to in pages 75, 82, &c., the corporation paid the
sum of 2,000l. to the commissioners for paving, lighting, and cleansing the city.”
The rents received by the corporation arise from four distinct Estates, the denominations
of which, in the city treasurer's accounts, are as follow :-
First, Ancient Revenue.
Second, St. George's Rents.
Third, All Hallows or All Saints' Rents; and,
Fourth, St. Mary's Abbey and Thomas-Court Rents.
The first estate, called the Ancient Revenue, consists of premises in and near the city, the
ferries on the Liffey, and two payments, one of 500, and the other of 300l. per annum, of late
Irish currency, made from the Irish Exchequer.
The corporation claims a prescriptive title to the ground and houses comprised in this portion
of their estates. The ferries are claimed under the grants of the river Liffey made by John
and Henry III., but seem more properly derivable from the grant of the ferry by Charles II.
The gross amount of the rents of this estate, as returned by the city treasurer in a rental
annexed to his accounts for the year ending the 29th September, 1834, is 8,798/. 19s. 5d.
St. George's Rents are the rents of some tenements in the city of Dublin. They amount to
2137, 19s. 4d.
All Hallows or All Saints' Rents arise from certain lands formerly the possessions of the
dissolved monastery of All Hallows, granted to the corporation by Henry VIII. They consist
of lands at Baldoyle, about six miles from Dublin; the lands of Clonturk, Donnecarney,
Colganstown, and Ballycullen; and several valuable tenements in the city. The rental of this
property, by the account to 28th September, 1834, is 4,535l. 15s. 8d.
St. Mary's Abbey and Thomas-Court Rents are derived from premises in the city, formerly
the possessions of the dissolved monasteries of the Virgin Mary and St. Thomas, and were
granted to the corporation by Elizabeth and Charles I. .
The property is entirely situate within the city, and its rental, by the same account, is
1,385l. 6s. 4d.
The gross amount of the rents of these several estates is—
Ancient Revenue & o e © © . £8,798 19 5,
St. George's Rents ſº tº ſº © e e 213 19 4
All Hallows or All Saints' Rents . & • © 4,535 15 8
St. Mary's Abbey and Thomas-Court Rents . o 1,385 6 4
£14,934 0 94
We annex a copy of this rental.
* The following sums are credited in the treasurer's accounts as received for tolls in the years
1815 . e © . £4,867 10s. 0d.
1816 . . . . 4,867 10 0
1817 . . . . 3,750 0 0
A RENTAL OF THE ESTATE OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN FOR ONE YEAR,
ENDING 28TH SEPTEMBER, 1834.
ANCIENT REVENUE.
* - - - * f.
- y Arrears due Arrears Half-vear to Half-vear to Arrears due . .
Original Tenants' Names. Holdiugs, where situated. Yearly Rents. 28th Sept. 1833. received. 29th ja. 25th i. iša. 25.34. Abatements.
Irish. British. British. - British. British. British. British. … British,
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d
1 | Richard Ginn Tower over St. Audeon’s . 1 5 0 1. 3 1. tº º • . . 0 11 7 || 0 11 6 • • •
2 John Esmond . Tenement near Newgate . 40 0 0 36 18 5% • . . • . . . 18 9 3 18 9 24 • * , º
3 || J. and J. Wills . House, Thomas street 6 0 0 5 10 9 2 15 4} || 2 15 4% 2 15 4}. • . . . 2 15 4%
4 || William Ellis Ground, Oxmantown 38 10 0 35 10 9 * - . . 17 15 4} | 17 15 4% • . . . • *
5 | Lord Santry . Ground, called the Pill 8 0 0 7 7 S. 3 13 10 • 3 13 10
6 || Sir William Usher Island behind his house } 0 () 0 18 5% O 9 3 0 9 24 • . •.
7 | Sir William Davis Ground behind Hogan-green 9 0 0 8 6 2 4 3 l 4 3 1 . . . •.
8 || Sir J. Rogerson Strand behind Lazor's-hill 200 0 0 | 184 12 4 © 92 6 2 92 6 2 © e * @
9 | Richard Norton Ground west of the bridge 5 0 0 4 l 2 4 * @ 2 6 2 2 6 2 tº e ©
10 || Sir William Usher Ground near his house - 2 0 () 1 16 11 . . 0 18 5; 0 18 53, ... • -
11 | Arthur Dawson Fish-market, Ormond-market 50 0 0 46 3 ]. 23 l 64 • . . e tº • e " 69 4 74
12 Lady Massarene º Loughboy . . . . 6 0 0 5 10 9 2 15 4, 2 15 4} 2 15, 4% • - 2 15 4% e -
13 | Richard Ginn . . Tenement, Hammond-laue 7 0 0 6 9 3 16 3 1 16 3 1 || 3 4 7% 3 4 7% tº e e G
14 | Patrick Grogan Town Ditch, Wormwood-gate 81 0 0 74 15 4% - e. º 37 7 8, 37 7, 8 ... • e G
15 St. Andrew’s Parish Church and church-yard . 0 3 4 0 3 ]. O 6 2 - -, tº º tº gº O 9 3 tº º
16 || Jonathan Armory Strand, north side of Liffey 2 10 0 2 6 2 tº º • • 1 3 ]. 1 3 1 * @ © Q
17 John Murphy House in High-street - 30 0 0 27 13 10 13 16 ll 13 16 11 I3 16 II 13 16 11 • *. • *.
18 || Richard Jackson Do. (reset, now No. 291) g ºf & 24 18 5% . . º • . 24 18 5 e e
19 | Do. . . Do. do. . . e & tº s 30 9 2% e G e - 30 9 24 •. •
20 | Joseph Hearne . Corn Market . º º 35 0 0 32 6 2 96 l8 6 . . • - • e 129 4, 8 • •
21 | John Barlow Ground, Schoolhouse-lane 6 6 0 5 16 4 2 18 2 2 18 2 2 17 2 2 19 2 • *. •. •.
22 | His Majesty Out of the Irish Exchequer 500 0 0 || 46], 10 9 . . & & 230 15 4% 230 15 4% • *. , *.
23 James King Part of wall, North-gate . 1 0 0 0 18 5, s ſº * @ 0 18, 5% tº e
24 Mary Byrne Commons’ Bake-house 8 () 0 7 7 S tº tº 3 13 10 3 13 10 • *. * -
25 | Doctor N. Forster Town Ditch over Dames-gate I 17 S 1 14 9 I0 8 6 © º - º gº 12 3 3 & ©
26 M. Pierson * Part of Town Wall and Ditch 5 0 || 0 4 12 4 tº e 2 6 2. 2 6 2 G - © e
27 | Earl of Limerick Part of City Water, James's-street 6 0 0 . 5 10 9 * * 2 15 4; 2 15 4% & © & ©
28 John Smith Izod’s Tower º tº o 1 0 0 0 18 5} 2 15 4} • * • gº 3 13 10 6 º'
29 || James King Part of City Wall, North-gate () 5 0 0 4 7% 5 6 2; • * º 5 10 10 • .
30 | Isaac Ambrose . tº Ground, left side of Fyan's Castle 13 0 0 12 0 0 6 0 0 • * | 6 0 || 0
31 || John Temple and wife Part of Hogan-green - 40 O 0 36 18 5; 18 9 3 18 9 2% º
32 | Thomas Pleasants Ground, Capel-street 18 0 0 16 12 4 8 6 2 8 6 2 • .
Carried forward . 1,036 9 6, 232 12 10} | 38 8 11 473 16 7 461. 16 9 291 17 2 0 &
;
:
g

g
ANCIENT REVENUE–Continued.
Arrears due Arrears Half-year to Half-vear to Arrears due . . . .
Original Tenants’ Names. Holdings, where situated. yearly Rents. 28th Sept. 1833. received. 29th §: 1838. 25th i. 1834. 28th Sept. 1834. Abatements.
Irish. Eritish, British. British. British. British. British. British.
£. s. d. £. s. d £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Brought forward . . . . . [1,036 9 6% 232 12 10} 38 8 11 473 16 7 || 461 16 9 291 17 2 e Q
33 | Richard Geering Ground, opposite St. Stephen's Church 6 18 0 6 7 4% e v e e 3 3 84 3 3 8 || . . © tº
34 | Henry Temple . re . Ground, Oxmantown • , º & 5 0 0 4 12 4 tº e 2 6 2 2 6 2 º º © ºf
35 | L. Gardiner and Mrs. Mercier | Ground behind Lazor’s-hill 3 O 0 2 15 4% © e 1 7 84 1 7 8 © º
36 | Robert Dixon . | Part of Souter's-lane 4 0 0 3 13 10 © tº º I 16 11 I 16 11 © e
37 William Quail . House in High-street . 20 0 0 18 9 2% & e 9 4 7% 9 4 7 º º • *
38 His Majesty . Out of the Irish Exchequer & 300 0 0 || 276 18 5% º © e. 138 9 2. 138 9 3 • * , • *
39 || Benjamin Everard . Ground, Glassmanogue . . 3 O 0 2 15 4% e © e 1 7 84 º e 1 7 8 & 9
40 | Anthony Barkey . Ground, Blind-quay º 0 15 0 0 13 10 © tº e 0 6 11 0 6 11 • - . .
41 Hugh Cumming . Do. . o º 49. 9 6 4 8 T2 0 tº- © & 4 6 0 tº gº 4 6 0 e
42 | Hosea Coates . Do. . ſº & © 12 0 0 11 1 6% º 5 10 9} 5 10 9 tº e - tº ſº,
43 || James Mullen . I Do. . e ſº 7 10 0 6 18 5% © e 3 9 3 e 3 9 24 tº e
44 Darby Egam . Ground, South Strand . 29 II 8 27 6 2 v tº e 13 13 I 13 13 I • . -
45 | Thomas Ellis o Do. . º & e O 5 0 0 4 7% 0 13 10, º • * , e tº 0 18 6 © e
46 | Thomas Wilkinson º Do. . º e * . 16 11 8 15 6 2 & g © 7 13 1 | 7 13 I * @ ©
47 | Nathaniel Dyer . I Do. . © º } . 18 13 4 17 4 7% * = 8 2 4 8 2 34] 1 0 0 &
48 John Variels . I Do. . º . 0 5 0 | 0 4 7% & e 0 2 4 0 2 3, º º
49 John Taylor . Do. . 0 5 0 0 4 7% e 0 2 4 0 2 34 • º
50 | William Wilde . Do. . º O 5 0 0 4 7% • * 0 2 4 |: 0 2 34 ſº e G
51 | Anthony Barkey . I Do. . º 0 5 0 0 4 7% tº e 0 2 4 0 2 34 º & sº
52 | Arthur Lamprey . I Do. . ºr & º ſº 4 14 0 4 6 9 º a º 2 3 4%| 2 3 4% & s
53 | Barnaby Middleton . Do. . º * tº. . 0 5 0 O 4 7% © ºn tº e 0 2 4 0 2 3} • e & a
54 || Jane Jacob . . Seven feet of Blind-quay . e 3 0 0 2 15 4% e e & Gº e 6 - & © 2 15 4 & ©
55 | David Latouche . | Part of City Wall, Castle-street'. 6 - 0 0 5 10 9 & a e tº 2 15 4% 2. 15 4% & vº • e
56 James King . . . Shed, south side of Newgate 2 0 0 1 16 11 º e & Cº. 0 18 5% 0 18 54 • p ^ e
57 | Richard Faulkner Ground, north side of Coombe . . 10 0 0 9 4 7} | 18 9 3 © e & Cº. & e 27 13 10%
58 || Benedict Arthur Part of Booter's-lane (now 296 & 305) sº º & e tº e º º tº e & © • • •- s
59 Corporation of Carpenters Ground, Oxmantown • . || 0 3 4 O 3 1 0 3 1 O 3 1 0 1 6% 0 1 64 e e * @
60 | L. Jones and wife Part of Eazor's-hill º p 5 0 0 4 12 4 * @ a tº e 2 6 2 | • * , 2 6 2 tº gº
61 Augustin Thwaites Part of Back Blind-quay . . 20 0 0 18 9 3 tº e • * 9 4 7% 9 4 7% e G © e.
62 | David Read Part of Blind-quay . º . 10 3 4 9 7 84 4 13 10 4 13 10 4 13 10% 4 13 10 tº g tº gº.
63 John Daniel Ground near City Stables º 3 O 0 2 15 4% I 7 e - º e - • * - 4 3 0} º
64 | Sterne Tighe The Old Bridewell . 24 0 0 22 3 I º & © 11 I 63; 11 1 64 • * ſº
65 | Eliza Walker Part of Souter's-lane º 2 I 0 0 2 6 1% © º o | 3 || 1 3 0} © & . tº
66 || William O’Neill . Ground, Little Booter's-lane . 10 0 0 9 4 7% © 2 º & 4 12 4 4 12 3; * @ e
67 | Samuel Sandwith , Lots 26 and 27, South Strand . e 5 5 0 4 16 11% o º 2 8 6 2 8 5% * As tº e
68 || Ballast Office , , Ground, South Strand . g . 5 0 0 4 12 3% © • * 2 6 2 2 6 1% º Q i. e.
69 || William M*Gowan . Part of Cow-lane . • * , 7 0 0 6 9 2% 40 tº * * 3 4 7% L. : : 3 4 7 • .

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IFELAND.
231
DUBLIN:
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ANCIENT REVENUE–Continued.
Arrears due Arrears Half-vear to Half-year to Arrears due
Original Tenants’ Names. Holdings, where situated. Yearly Rents. 28th sept. 1833. Received. 29th śiš3.25ºjša. |2s. Sept. 1834. *
Irish. British. British. British. British. British. British. British.
‘. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. | #. s. d. | #. s. d.
Brought forward. . ... . [4,352 3 2; 1,240 2 6 253 8 41,835 2 10 1,669 4 10 |1,585 1 8%. 61 0 8%
195 || Hugh Crothers . Ground, Lurgan-street . . . g 5 0 0 4 12 3 2 6 0}| 2 6 0% 2 6 2% tº e 2 6 0% s
196 || John Beatty Three Lots of Ground, Exchequer-st. . . 48 3 0 44 8 11% e - - as tº 22 4 6 22 4 5% º e s
197 | St. Paul's Parish • Ground, Oxmantown º 0 5 0 0 4 7% 0 ll 64 • * * tº s 4 e 0 16 2
198 || Sir William Worthington Do. . * . © . º & 37 9 2 34 11 6 17 5 9 || 17 5 9 || 17 5 9 tº e 17 5 9
199 || Michael Dwyer . House, Trinity-street (now 295) tº º e - 46 3 1 tº º * = a • 46 3 1
200 || John Willis Do. • © . º º 34 2 6 3] 10 0 sº 15 15 0 15 15 0 | • *
201 | Thomas Barker . Do. . º º 35 0 0 || 32 6 24 & © 16 3 ]. 10 3 1% • . .
202 || John Shea. House, College-green '70 () 0 64 12 34 258 9 2 tº º . . " | 323 1 5%
203 || David Courtney. Ground, Oxmantown e ‘ 15 4 6 14 l 1 tº e 7 0 6, 7 0 64 tº e
204 || Frederick Darley Ground, Little Ship-street º “ 13 I 0 0 12 9 3 * 6 4 74 6 4 7%
205 Do. º e e Do. . º o & e 15 0 0 13 16 11 6 18 5% 6 18 5% ->
206 || Bartholomew Herbert. Do. . . tº , & w © . 6 6 0 5 16 3 2 18 ly 2 18 14| e
207 || DO. . . Do. . e • -> 14 8 0 13 5 10 6 12 11% 6 12 10% º
208 || Robert Boylan . Ground, North King-street 25 I6 0 23 16 3% 11 18 2 11 18 1%
209 || Robert Mallett . Ground, Exchequer-street. 21 12 0 I9 18 10 | 9 19 5 9 19 5
R210 | John Still. Ground, Cuffe-street 3 15 0 3 9 2 1 14 7. 1 14 7
211 || James Fagan Ground, Bonham-street 12 0 0 11 1 7 5 10 9% 5 10 9%
R212 | Bryan Murphy . Ground, Skinner-row º 40 15 6 37 12 9 18 16 4} 18 16 4%
R213 | Thomas E. Thorpe Do. 41 I4 ll 38. 10 9 19 5 4. 19 5 4% Q
R214 || William Craig . Do. . . G e © . 34 IQ 0 32 5 24 tº - e - 16 2 7, 16 2 7 º
215 | Timothy Cahill . Ground, Grafton-street . 47 6. 0 43 13 2% 2] 16 7 || 2] 16 7 21 16 7; 11 16 7 • * º
216 || John Adam Do. 42 14 0 39 8 3} * @ • - 19 14 2 tº º 19 14 13. º
217 | Drury Jones Do. 104 10 0 96 9 3 tº a . e - 48 4 74 48 4 7% • s' e
218 || William Fry Do. 51 14 0 47 14 5% 23 17 24, 23 17 2, 23 17 3 23 17 24 e &
219 || Thomas M'Cready Do. . * . º º º 52 16 0 48 14 9 . . . e - 24 7 4% 24 7 4% e º
220 | Richard Manders Ground, west end James's-street 37 10 0 34 12 4 34 12 4 || 34 12 4 17 6 2 17 6 2 G º
221 | William Roe . House, William-street . º 7 6 3 6 15 I as e e - 3 7 64 3 7 64 e &
222 || George Wildridge Do. . . . . . © 5 II 104 5 3 3 2 11 74 2 11 7% e tº e
223 Do. e * Do. . . . . . gº © 7 O 3 6 9 5}, 3 4 9 3 4 8% & & ©
224 || James Troy Do. . . . . . 11 6 33 10 8 11% 5 4 6 5 4 5% & © º
225 | Drury Jones . . Do. . © o 25 4 0 23 5 23, 4 12 74 11 12 7 º & e
226 Do. º e Do. . . . o I7 6 6 15 19 10 7 19 11 7 19 II tº e e
227 Do. ſº . Do. . . . . & 21 6 7 19 13 9 9 16 10% 9 16 10% tº 6 º
228 Do. . House, Exchequer-street . II 5 0 10 7 84 5 3 10% 5 3 10 • * •
229 Do. . . Do. & , º, º º 13 10 0 | 12 9 24 6 4 7; 6 4 7 ſº º
230 | Do. ſº g º Do. . . . . . © e I5 15 0 14 IO 9 7 5 4% 7 5 4% o e
23| | Do. º o o Do. . wº º © © 9 15 0 9 0 0 4 10 0 4 10 0 º •
#
232
233
234
235
236
R269
R272
R273
R274
Drury Jones ,
Do. o & •
Do. © • s
John Stamper .
Do. . . •
William Humphrys
Hugh Crothers . -
Prudence Payne *
William Bond e
Do,
Do. & º
Richard Skellern
Do. © º •
George Cumming *
Sarah Gartside . . .
Mary Read • •
Com” of Stephen's-green
Lord Viscount Merrion
Sir John Rogerson
Thomas Kennan
Francis Castro .
William Walshe.
James Stanley :
Sir George Whiteford .
George Home
J. T. Burnett
Thomas Mason .
Jeffrey Foot . .
Richard Jackson
Rev. M. Webb .
William Barrington
Caroline Carnes.
Samuel Linfoot .
Edward Bambrick
Do. e &
Charles Alder .
Joseph Wright .
Do. º wº
James Woods .
Edward Butler .
Elizabeth Moore
Christopher M'Auley
Leland Crosthwaite
House, Exchequer-street . * | 15. 0 0 || 13 16 11 6 18 5%. 6 18 5% wº
Do. º 15, 0 0 13 16 11 6 18 5% 6, 18 5%
Do. . . º • * tº . 15 0 0 13 16 11 6 18 5, 6.18 5% •
Ground, St. Andrew-st. and Church-lanel 35 0 0 32 6 2 º 16 3 I | 16- 3 l o
Ground, Church-lane . . gº . 35 0 0 32 6 2 º | 6 3 1 16. 3 1 i.e.
Ground, Merchants’-quay. 5. 0 0 4 12 4 o 2 6 2 2. 6 2 º
Ground, North King-street 51 3 9 47 5 0 tº. tº 23 12 6 23 12 6 &
House, College-green o e 113 15 0 || 105 0 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 e
Ground, west side of Kevin's Port 21 0 0 19 7 8 9 13 10 9 13 10
Do. . º º º s . 18 15 0 17 6 2 8 13 1 8 13 1
Do. . e º º g . 27 15 0 25 12 3% º “e 12 16 2 12 16 14 • -
Ground, near Montague-street . 6 15 0 6 4 7% 12 9 3 & © . . . tº º 18 13 10%
Do. . de e º 11 5 0 10 7 8 20. 15 4 20 15 4 5 3 10 5 3 10 tº e
Ground, near Cuffe-street. 18 15 0 17 6 2 tº tº & e 8 13 l 8 13 I tº
Do. 6 15 0 6 4 7 º 3 2 3; 3 2 3} .
Do. . º . g . tº e 3. 10 0 3 4 8 {º tº º I 12 4 1 12 4 tº º
Ground, Stephen's-green . tº . 300 0 0 || 276 18 6 138 9 3 || 138 9 3 || 138 9 3 tº º 138, 9 3
Murragh and Prize Maze, Ringsend . . . 2 0 0 1 16 11 • e G 0 18 5% tº º 0 18 5%
Mill Stream, Dames Mills, now 287 * e • * Q - e e & Co tº e -
House, Fishamble-street . 26 O 0 24 0 0 - © • - © 12 0 0 12 0 0 º
House, St. Andrew-street. 45 10 0 42 0 0 21 0 0 21. 0 0 |^ 21 0 0 21 0 0
City Ferries . º 335 0 0 || 309 4 7 & © Q & 154 12 4 || 154, 12 3 e &
Ground, Barrack-street O 5 0 0 4 7% 0 2 3}| 0 2 3% 0 2 4 | • * 0 2 3%
Ground, College-green II8 16. 6 || 109 13 9 º tº gº 54 16 10%| 54 16 10% & e
House, St. Andrew-street . 52 0 0 48 0 0 24 0 0# 23 19 11%
House, Essex-quay . 50 0 0 46 3 l 23 I 6%. 23 1 6}
Do. . . . . SO 0 0 | 73 16 11 36 18 5%. 36. 18 5%
House, Essex-bridge y p ... 100 0 0 92 6 1% 46. 3 1 46. 3 0} tº e
Do. . 9 º wº o . 80 0 0 73 16 11 tº 36 18 5}| 36 18 5% ſº ºn
Do. . . . . . . 54 11 0 || 50 7 1 º e ſº 25 3 6%. 25. 3 6% e e
House, Essex-quay . © 4- 85 2 0 78 1] I 157 2 2 157 2 2 Remitted. 78. I 1 1
Do. . -ºp , ſº 30 0 0 27 13 10 º © 13 16 11 13 16 11 tº º • a
House, Essex-street 100 0 0 92 6 l; g- 46 3 I 46 3 0 0 0} • e
Do. . Jº • gº ..o gº . 87 10 0 80 15 4% 58S 2 64 e G e ‘º 668 17 ll
Do., set conditionally . te , 30 0 0 27 13 10 . e 6 º 27 13 10 &
House, Essex-street, now 293 . e º ' • * 33 4 74 tº Q tº e 33. 4 7% &
House, Essex-street 45 10 0 42 0 0 e 21 0 0 21 0 0 e - e
Do. 35 4 0 || 32 9 10 16 4 ll 16 4 11 º
Do. 29 0 0 26 15 4, 13 7 8%. 13 7 8 e
Do. • * º 23 12 6 21 16 1% e e 10 18 I 10 18 0} & © * *
Do., now No. 311. 20 0 0 18 9 24 55 7 7% e - e cº- 55 7 74; 18 9 24
House, Essex-street 35 0 0 32 6 1% e tº 16 3 1 16 3 0} tº o . . .
Do. . gº 27 6. 0 25 4 0 º 12 12 0 12 12 0 e
Carried forward . . 7,258 12 8, 2,671 17 34 690 15 4 3, 142 2 4 (2,889 3 1 |1,937 16 3 158 0
i
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-
§



ANCIENT REVENUE–Continued.
* Arrears due Arrears Half-year to Half-vear to Arrears due
Original Tenants' Names. Holdings, where situated. Yearly Rents. 2s.'...a. ſ. 2.;3|2sº. 2s...}.4. Abat".
Irish. British. British. British. British. Pritish. British. British.
-- £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Brought forward . . tº º 7,258 12 8% (2,671 17 3}| 690 15 4 3, 142 2 4 2,889 3 1 1,937 16 3 158 1 0
R275 Drury Jones . o House, Essex-street e . 52 6 6 48 6. 0 tº e. © e 24 3 0 24 3 0 • - © e
R276 || Barry Warren . • Do. . o º 60 0 0 55 7 84 © s g 27 13 104; 27 13 10 e tº • .
R277 | Patrick Coyle . Do. . o º o 52 0 0 48 0 0 96 0 0 tº e • * 144 0 0 o
R278 Robert Dudley . o Do. . g e Q - || 1 || 7 6 J 0 10 0 tº e 5 b () 5 5 0 © e *
R279 || Jonathan Buckley . Do. . O . 20 0 0 18 9 24 © e s e 9 4 7% 9 4 7 | e O © e
R280 | Andrew Coffey . e Do. . & o 8 0 0 7 7 84 3 13 10 3 13 10 3 13 10} 3 13 10 • * © e
28] | Jonathan Deverell Green Hide Crane . O 113 15 0 105 0 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 tº e 52. 10 0 e G
R282 Joseph Bergin . ſº Ship-street . e 25 0 0 23 1 7 103, 17 I • e tº º tº º 126, 18 8 e º
283 || Alderman A. B. King. Premises, Temple-bar . º . 40 0 0 36 18 6 36 18 6 º * • * 73, 17 0 º
284 || Lord Fitzwilliam s Merrion (formerly paid to the High 10 0 0 9 4 7% 50 15 5 º: © e & 60 0 0}
Sheriffs). - - - - - e
285 | Thomas Blair . º Aston's quay . º 32 16 0 30 5 5 105 19 5 || 105 19 5 15 2 9 15 2 9. © º º
R286 | Henry Roe and Co. . Ground, Temple-bar º © e tº º 200 0 0 •A e e tº 100 0 0 || 100 0 0 e & e G
R287 | Incorporated Society . Mill Stream, Dames Mills º tº º 20 0 0 tº e o 10 0 0 . . 10 0 0 • *
R288 || Patrick Fay . º House, Castle-street, formerly A. Rev. No. 87 . 100 0 0 50 2 6 º 40- gº ºr tº dº 150 2 6 © e
R289 | Christopher Sharpe . Exchequer-street, formerly Meyler, Nos. 174 and 175 50 0 0 & e 25 0 0 25 0 0 • e © 2
R290 | John Franklin . e North Lotts, formerly A. Rev. No. 181 & e 30 0 0 & e e - 15 0 0 ] 5 0 0 & o
R291 || James M*Mullen House, High-street, formerly Jackson, A. Rev. Nos. 20 0 0 10 0 0 10 : 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 • iº
18 and 19. - - - ſº
R202 || James M*Donagh Ground, St. Andrew-st., formerly A. Rev. No. 120. 50 0 0 & e 25 0 0 25 0 0 º &
R293 | Isaac Warrell . s Essex-street formerly 267 o & 13 0 0 Q & e 6 10 0 6 10 0 © Q © to
R294 | Matthew Cunningham Exchequer-street . 3 3 174 and 175 . 50 0 0 100 0 0 25 0 0 © e. © e 125 0 0 e G
R295 || James Birch . © . Trinity-street , , 199 • º 57 0 0 & © e 28 10 0 28 10 0 © e tº º
R.296 || Laurence Finn . . . | Bishop-street , , 58 . 40 0 0 & e e e 20 0 0 | 20 0 0 a & e Լ
R297 || William Rigby . Exchequer-Street . º , , 174 and 175 I0 0 0 10 0 0 || 10 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 © e e e
R298 || Sarah Bentley tº Ground, part of the Pipes, , , 182 …) 12 10 0 | 2 10 0 12 10 0 6 5 0 6 5 0 © a tº º
R.299 || David M'Cleery. e St. Andrew-street. º 9 3 Morgan's º 40 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 © 20 0 0 • * '
R300 | Lewis Martin . º Do. e o g , , Do. o 45 0 0 45 0 0 Half-year remitted. tº e 67. 10 0 22 1 0 . ()
R301 || Christopher Sharpe . Shakspeare Gallery º 9 3 174 and 175 2 1 0 0 tº o Commenced Sept. 29, 1833. 10 10 0 • * 10. 10 0
R.302 || George Jones . • Stephen-street . Q , , . I 10 © © 38 0 0 tº e a tº 19 0 0 19 0 0 || - • * o -
-R303 || Thomas Chiswell e Do. . º o o , , 110 O O 35 0 0 | Rent commenced 25th March 1833 gº tº 35 0 0 • * *
R304 || John Fox . - e Do.. e o o , , . 110 o 40 0 0 Do. 5 y 1834 so • * 40 0 0
R.305 || Catherine Thomas . Bishop-street tº © 3 3 58 º o I6 6 8 Do. 2 3 1832 e | 6’ 6 8 • a
R306 || Mary Byrne . º St. Andrew-street. o , , . Morgan's 3I 10 0 Do. 3 5 1833 e 31 10 0 º
R.307 | Frances Potter . e Do.. o te o , , Do. © 55 0 0 Do. . . 3 2 e 9 & 55 0 0 e ‘s
R308 || James Craig , º Do. . © o e , , Do. o 52 10 0 Do. 3 3 e v p 52 10 0
i
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17 10 0
R309 | Stephen George Moore . | St. Andrew-street ... formerly Morgan's O 35 0 0 | Rent commenced 29th September .. o O 17 10 0
R310 || John Walton . Q sº Do. . © º © , , 169 o o 65 0 0 Do. 24th June 1833 © tº 32 10 0 32 10 0
R3] 1 || John Allen o O Do. . © º o , , 272 o o 20 0 0 Do. 25th March 1833 • * 20 0 0 ſe
8,798 19 5%. 3,369 4 04: 930 8 7 |3,681 5. 48,27 7 4,028. l 2}| 281 S 1 0
Additional Arrear on New Lettings, Nos. 305 and 310 & O 65 1 8 || 65 1 8 Arrears received . . º © © 995 || 0 3
Half-year to 29th Sept. 1833 . . 3,681 5 4
Arrears due 28th September 1833 e 3,434 5 8; 3,434 5 8, 995 10 3 Half-year to 25th March, 1834 . 3,247 7 43
Over received on No. 168 . © © © 0 0 0} • ‘ Arrears due 28th Sept. 1834 . . 4,028 1 2),
£. 12,233 5 24 £. 12,233 5 2
ST. GEORGEPS RENTS.
- sº Arrears due Arrears Half-year to Half-year to Arrears due
- - - Yearly Rents. J. - g Abatements.
Original Tenants’ Names. Holdings, where situated. y 28th Sept. 1833. Received. 29th Sept. 1833. 25th Mar 1834. |28th Sept. 1834.
Irish British. British. British. British. British. British. British.
- £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d £. s. d
1 Joseph Barrett . . House, Castle-street , 50 0 0 46 3 1 e G tº o 23 1 6% 23 l 64 • * e
2 || John Lloyde e tº Do. - o 35 0 0 32 6 l; tº O 16 3 I 16 3 0} © º e
3 Joseph Ridley . o º Do. e " Q 45 0 0 41 10 9 e • 20 15 4} | 20 15 4% º a &
4 || William Andrews & º Do. . . tº © º tº 30 0 0 27 13 10 - c. e 13 16 11 13 16 II º e e G
5 || John Donnelly . . Ground, north side Thomas-street 57 16 0 53 7 I • • & 26 13 6 26 13 7 © º º
6 | Christopher Usher . House in Castle-street 5 0 0 4 || 2 4 © º º 2 6 2 2 6 2 - Q & &
7 || William Usher . º Ground in Cook-street 9 0 0 8 6 2 Q 4 3 1 4 3 I & O
£. 213 19 4; o 106 19 8 || 106 19 84 o
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ALLHALLOWS, OR ALL SAINTS’ RENTS.
Arrears due Arrears Half-wear to Half-wear to | Arrears due
Original Tenants’ Names. Holdings, where situated. Yearly Rents. 28th sept 1833. Received 29th šiš3. 25th jºija.los. gº, alsº
Irish. British. British. British. British. British. British. British.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Earl of Charlemont . . Lands, Donnecarney e © . 836 6 0 || 771 19 4% © & © e 385 19 8%. 385 19 8 e - - • *
William Usher . g . Lands, near Donnybrook. º , 100 0 (0 92 6 2 e © º 46 3 I 46 3 1 | s & C &
John Furnace . º . Lands, Baldoyle and Warren . . |172 10 0 || 159 4 7 e tº © o '79 I2 4 '79 12 3 & e . .
John Wynne tº . I Do. . º © ge º . 12 15 6 1I kö 10 tº e © tº 5 17 11 5 17 11 e & †
Charles Boyd . e . Do. . º w s • . 22 14 6, 20 19 7 & C tº e - 10 9 9% Qº e 10 9 9
John Adamson . g * - Do. . º o • º . 17 11 0 16 4 0 o tº a 8 2 0 G e 8 2 0% . .
Do. • • • . I Do. . g © e . . . 26 0 1%. 24 0 1% 12 0 1 12 0 0} • . & e
Do. . . . . . . . Do. . . . . . . . . 29 5 5 || 27 0 5 * @ tº & 13 10 24; 13 10 23, • * • *
Reilly William Templeton . Do. . . º • a © . 22 14 9 20 19 9 10 9 10} 10 9 10%| 10 9 10% . . | 10 9 10} º
Thomas Adderly . . . . House and Demesne, Baldoyle . . . . . 85 6 3 78 15 1 - © " a e 39 7 64; 39 7 63, . . •
Charles Napper. w . Ground, George's-lame . . e . 16 10 0 15 4 7% • e • • 7 12 4 7 12 3% G. & •
Do. º e e . Do. . . . º º . 12 0 0 11 1 6% • a 9 e 5 10 g 5 10 9 tº o Q &
Thomas Barber . ſº . Do. . º s te & . 15 0 0 13 16 11 tº e tº e 6 18 5% 6 18 5% o & e
Henrietta Lemaistre . . Do. . º º g º . 14 5 0 13 3 I • O . . 6 11 64 6 11. 6; o tº º
John Reynell . o . Ground, Castle-street . º . 10 0 0 9 4 7% * * & e 4 12 4 4 12 3% © º
Do. º º e © Do. . º wº º * & 8 0 0 7 7 8 18 9 2 18 9 2 |. 3 13 10 3 13 10 s o o
William Lemaistre . . . Ground, George's-street, South . ...] 23 8 2 21 12 13, tº º e G 10 16 I ºn tº 10 16 0% • g
Lundy Foot sº . Do. . e e º e . | 18 19 10 || 17 10 7% & e º e 8 15 4 8 15 3% * @ tº e
Thomas Barber. & . Do. . wº º º - . 22 10 6 20 15 10 o º 10 7 II 10 7 11 tº e
Do. e o e tºo Do. . - s e © . 22 10 6 20 15 10 10 7 11 10 7 11 &
William Dawson e . I Do. . º • . - . 15 0 0 13 16 ll 6 18 5% 6 18 5% & e
John Rosavo . o . I Do. . - º º - . | 1 || 5 0 10 7 8% 5 3 10% 5 3 10 º
James Bamber . º . Do. . º * º - . 8 8 0 7 15 2 3 17 7 3 17 7
Neptune Vero . e . I Do. . e º º - . 7 5 3 6 14 1 3 7 Q} 3 7 O º º
John Franklin . e ſº Do. , -> º e © º 4 15 0 4 7 8 • e 2 3 10 2 3 10 • a .
Thomas Keating . . . . Do. . º º º - . 6 0 0 5 10 9 19 7 7, & e a s 24 18 4%
John Faucitt . . . . Do. . . . . . . . 10 14 6 9 18 0 . . " e 4 19 0 4 19 0 tº gº
John Rosavo . g . Do. . & º * - . . 8 11 0 7 17 10 e 3 18 11 3 18 11 º
William Adair . º . Do. . e "e * ~ . . 8 10 0 7 16 11% & 3 18: 6 3 18 5%
Thomas M*Mahon . . Ground, Grafton-street . - . . ] 5 17 0 13 14 1% e 6 17 | 6 17 0}
Do. º e tº . Do. . © & w e . 17 12 0 16 4 11 tº e 8 2 5% 8 2 5%
Alderman Darragh . . . Do. . . . . . . . 19 16 0 | 18 5 6% tº 9 2 3i. 9 2 3 G * †
Alderman Crampton . * Do. . - • * e º . 16 5 0 15 0 0 e 7 10 0 7 10 0 © º e
John M*Grath • Do. . & * e º . 16 16 0 15. 10 13, º 7 15 I 7 15 0} e - s
Do. . . . . . Do. . . . . . . 17 0 0 || 16 12 3% & 8 6 2 8 6 1% tº º gº
Do. - º e - Do. . • g º - . 18 8 0 16 19 8 o 8 9 10 . 9: 9 10 & © & ©
Do. & º º & © Do. º & - * - º º - ve 19 11 0 18 0 11 gº o © 9 0 5% 9 -0 5% © e tº e
Jacob Jolly o e - Do. . º g & & 21 17 0 | 20 3 4% 10 1 j 10 I 8 º As ºf
William Gibson ; • . Ground, Grafton-street 18 19 6 17 10 4 8 15 2 8, 15 2 8 15 2 8 15 2 tº º
William Carter . g e Do. e e 14 7 6 13 5 5 tº e º s 6 12 8} 6 12 84 © º
William Evans : e . Do. . ë s º 5 3 6 4 15 7 14 6 9 & • . e e 19 2 4
Thomas M*Mahon . : | Ground, Chatham-street . 7 7 34 6 15 II 3 7 11}| 3 7 11% tº tº
James Horan . g º Do. tº & 5 14 0 5 5 24, 2 12 73, 2 12 7
Do. . . . . . Do. . . . 5 14 0 5 5 2% 2 12 74] 2 12 7
Precious Clarke. e . Ground, Pitt-street . 5 0 0 4 12 4 2 6 2 2 6 2 º
Fergus Fowler . e . Ground, Chatham-street 6 15 0 6' 4 7% © 3 2 4 3 2 34
Do. º o wº º Do. . e 7 5 0 6 13 10 tº º tº ge 3 - 6 11 3 6 11
John Haydon . tº : I Do. . o º . e e 8 0 0 7 7 8 3 13 94 3 13 94 .3 13 104 3 13 94
William Gibson. te . Ground, Grafton-street, see also No. 1 18 || 17 16 6 16 - 9 I * - e G 8 4 6} 8 4 6%
John Haydon . • . Ground, Chatham-street . º 9 5 0 8 10 9 4 5 4}| 4 - 5 4% 4 5 # 4 5 4% º
William Millikin ; : I Do. g e 5 5 0 4 16 11 • . 2 8 5}| 2 8 5% gº º
John Darragh . g º Do. 5 15 6 5 6 7% 2 13 3% & & 8 gº tº 7 19 11
William Millikin e tº Do. . te e 9 O 0 8 6 1% tº a º 4 3 ]. 4 3 0% • *
Do. º º o : | Ground, Pitt-street . 6 () 0 5 10 9 º 2 15 4% 2 15 4% *
Thomas Truelock e º Do. e 3 5 0 3 0 0 1 10 0 I 10 0 e
Precious Clarke. gy º Do. 4 10 0 4 3 ]. º 2 I 64 2 l 6; .
John Darragh . o . Do. . º 3 12 0 3 6 5% o 1 13 2, . . l 3
William Evans . e . Do. . & . tº 2 6 0 2 2 5% e I 1 3 e - l 2%
William Fernsley o . Ground, Chatham-street . 3 16 0 3 10 2 l 15 1 I 15, 1 w
Do. . . . . . Do. o 5 0 0 4 12 3% 2 6 2 2 6 1%
Joseph Higginson . º Do. . e . 5 10 0 5 1 7 2 10 94 2 10 9%
Thomas Truelock º . Ground, Pitt-street. 3 10 0 3 4 8 1 12 4 I 12 4
Do. g & e e Do. . º e 3 0 0 2 15 5 {- 1 7 84 I 7 8% º
James Horan . e e Do. I 17 O 1 14 l; 4 5 3% e ºf g & 5
William Millikin e e Do. 3 10 0 3 4 7% 0 0 2 0 0 2 l 12 4 1 12 3}
Thomas Truelock º . Do. 3 10 0 3 4 74 º l 12 4 I 12 3%
Do. tº & º e Do. 3 10 0 3 4 7% 1 12 4 1 12 3%
Do. . . . . . Do. 3 10 O 3 4 7% 1 12 4 1 12 3% ©
John Darragh . tº . Do. 3 0 0 2 15 4% 1 7 84 a & I
Do. º - º º Do. . º & . º tº 2 15 0 2 10 9 1 5 4} e & l
Ambrose Leet . e . Ground, Dawson-street . º . 80 0 0 73 16 II 36 18 5% 36 18 5% º
Joseph Kelly . & . Part of Lands, Ballycullen º . 103 1 10; 95 3 2% s e • e 47 Il 8 || 47 11 7%
James Hamilton tº . Do. . º * . & ... [I75 4 6 16]. 14 11 80 17 5% 80 17 5, 80 17 5% 80 17 5%
Bernard Foy . e & Do. . e º º º . 45 14 10 42 4 5% 21 2 24; 21 2 24; 21 2 3 21 2 24
John Garnet . e e Do. . e º º o . 72 ió 9 67 4 8 & e e de 33 12 4 33 12 4
Timothy Mahon º . Ground, Bow-bridge º º . 18 11 6 17 2 II e 8 11 5% S 11 #
Manders and Glennon º Do. . gr © -> º . 77 10 94 71 ll 6 35 15 9 35 15 9
Stewart King . g . Ground, Baldoyle . e º . 113 15 0 || 105 0 0 tº º © e 52 10 0 52 10 0 º
Colonel Sherlock e . Colganstown & º e ... [355 10 0 328 3 I I64. 1 6; 164 l 6, 164 l 6% e & 164
PQ. . . . . . . . . Ringwood . . . . . 132 0 0 | 121 16 11 60 18 5; 60 18 5%: 60 18 5% gº & 60
Richard Sherwin e . House, Golden-lane e º . 28 0 0 25 16 11 • * * © e 12 18 5, 12 18 5% º
Carried forward , . . . . 2,835 4 1 || 414 6 2 | 373 4 241,332 17 4 1,159 10 11%. 328
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ALLHALLOWS-Continued.
Arrears due Arrears Half-vear to Half-year to Arrears due
Original Tenants' Names. Holdings, where situated. Yearly Rents. 25.33. ... 25.jś3.|2:... iśl. 2:...| Abatements.
Irish. British. British. British. British. British. British. British.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Brought forward . . . tº e 2,835 4 1 414 6 2 | 373 4 241,332 17 4 |1, 159 10 11}| 328 5 1 tº e
R. 82 | Ford Crosby o House, Golden-lane 28 0 0 25 16 II e G tº c 12 18 5% 12 18 54 tº º &
R 83 | Thomas Mulhall Do. 20 0 0 18 9 3 e & tº e 9 4 7% 9 4 74 & Cº. tº gº
R. 84 || Do. * & Do. 19 0 0 17 10 9 e & tº º 8 15 4} 8 15 43, a º &
R 85 George Cummins Do. . 20 0 0 18 9 3 º º tº e 9 4 7% 9 4 74 © & *
R. 86 || Thomas Ball Clonturk 133 4 0. 122 19 0% tº gº c s 61 9 6% 61 9 6 tº ſº ę
R. 87 Do. * e Do. 29 4 0 || 26 19 1 e dº tº º 13 9 6ſ, 13 9 6, e tº º
88 Charles Connolly Do. 17 0 0 15 13 II a º e - 7 16 11} 7 16 11, o © e
R. 89 | Thomas Kirwan. Do. 50 0 0 46 3 1 e & tº º 23 1 6, 23 l 6, & & e
R. 90 | Edward Hughes Do. 12 0 0 11 I 6% e tº tº º 5 10 94 5 10 9 © &
R 91 || John Duval . Do. 94 9 6 87 4 1% • * e ſº 43 12 0} 43 12 I . ©
R 92 || Andrew Coffey . Do. . e tº º e 34 0 0 31 7 8 * * e e 15 13 10 15 13 10 tº tº g
R. 93 John Woodhouse Do. . º {º gº ^e gº tº 50 1 10 Q as e e 25 0 11 & sº 25 0 11 * @
R 94 | Do. e * Do. * © o 52 10 0 e Q of e 26 5 O * 26. 5 0 &
95 || William Benson. Do. 4 0 0 3 13 II tº gº & & 1 16 11, †e 1 16 11% ſº
R 96 || Alexander Hawthorn , Do. 15 0 0 13 16 II e e e 6 1S 5], 6 18 5% © tº &
R. 97 || J. C. Beresford . Do. I30 0 0 | 120 0 0 tº e 4 60 0 0 tº º 60 0 0 is c
R. 98 Do. tº & gº te Do. 58 0 0 53 10 9 g © 26 15 4% tº e 26 15 4% • .
99 || Rev. J. Barlow (School-house) Do. e tº tº º sº Q tº e ge e * * © e
100 | James Scarlet ſe * Do. e ‘º º e wº wº }r tº c tº tº
R101 | John Curtis Do. II IO 0 10 12 4 © © a 5 6 2 5 6 2 © tº
R102 || Richard White . Do. . te tº 42 0 0 38 15 4% * & e & 19 7 8, 19 7 8 º e • Q
R 103 || John Chebsey Do., now No. 119. e & tº º 115 7 84 © a & e 115 7 84 tº º
R 104 | Elizabeth Meehan . Do. . & º 46 17 6 43 5 4% 64 18 0} e & e tº 108 3 5 gº º
R105 || James Keith . iº d Do. 11 0 0 10 3 ]. • g e ºf © tº e & 10 3 I © e
R 106 || Alexander Hawthorn . Do. . & * 35 4 0 º e © º 17 12 0 17 12 0 tº e tº º
R107 | Neil John O'Neill Do., now No. 120 . & e 187 17 5} & © © e & 187 17 54 ©
R108 || John Woodhouse Do. . e * & © 107 6 3 9 @ gº e 53 13 1, Q is 53 13 1. ge
R 109 || William Jameson Do. . te e e tº 171 16 10 | 158 12 5% | 158 12 53, gº º © e 317 4 II ce
R110 || John Byrne Do., now Nos. l 15, 116, and 117 e e tº º { } e ſº tº º © & ſº tº 0 e
R. 111 | Denis Lenehan . House, George-street tº & 40 0 0 36 18 5% o º 18 9 3 18 9 24 © e tº
R112 || Edward Singleton Premises, High-street 30 0 0 27 13 10 . . e tº 13 16 11 13 16 11 e ‘º e Q
R113 | William Grant . House, Chatham-street 33 0 0 30 9 2% 15 4 7 15 4 7 15 4 7% e G 15 4 7. e G
114 | Earl of Charlemont Lands, Donnecarney e * , 123 9 0 || 113 19 1 & O g 56 19 6%. 56 19 6} tº gº tº e
R115 | Samuel Young . Clonturk, formerly Allhallows, No. 110 gº 74 18 3 104 || 6 6 tº e * , . . "| 179 14 9 tº e
R116 || James Byrne l)o. 2 3 1 | 0 {º Q 46 5 2 23 2 7 tº gº ſº 69 7 9 to e
Rl 17 | James Scarlet . Do. 9 3 110 tº iº 85 19 0 111 16 7%| 17 19 II o 179 15 sº © e
Grafton-street, reversionary lease. See Allhallows,
t
R118 || Thomas Walker. 20 0 0 Q & * @ 10 0 0 10 0 0 • * . .
No. 49—William Gibson. -
R119 | Charles Carolin. ge Clonturk, formerly No. 103 . © © O 50 0 0 25 0 0 || 25 0 0 25 0 0 . . 25 0 0 C &
R 120 || William Butler . Do. 2 3 107 © Q & 43 5 1 © s - tº º To commence 25th March 1834. 43 5 1
4,535 15 8 |1,220 2 13ſ 430 17 842,028 0 941,523 18 231,729 16 0 43 5 1
Arrears due 28th September 1833 © . 1,220 2 1% Arrears received . g © . 430 17 8%
- - - - Half-year to 29th Sept. 1833 2,028 0 9%
Half-year to 25th March 1834 . 1,523 18 2%
Arrears due 28th Sept. 1834 . . . [1,729 16 0
£. 5,755 17 9% £5,755 17 9%
ST, MARY'S ABBEY AND THOMAS-COURT RENTS.
§ tº Arrears due Arrears Half-vear to Half-year to Arrears due
Original Tenants' Names, Holdings, where situated. Yearly Rents, 28th Sept. 1833. received. 29th §. išs. 25.4, 25.j4. Abatements.
Irish. British. British. British, British. British. British. British.
* - £. s. d. £. s. d £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
1 | Patrick Aylmer. House and garden, Church-st., now 73 © º e e 4 3 0} & O e & & 8 4 3 0} tº
2 | Francis Humphrys . Do. . e * † ſº . 59 18 5 55 6 2% tº ſº g 27 13 13, 27 13 1 • * ©
3 | N. Cavanagh Do., now No. 72 . tº tº * & * * º gº º tº dº ge e o
4 || Ralph Gregory . Ground, Merchant’s-quay. 4 10 2 4 3 I 4 3 1 wº a & e ºt 8 6 2
5 | William Jones House, Thomas-street 32 II 2 30 l I & e * 15 0 64, 15 0 6%
6 Do. . . . Do. . . 30 19 II | * 28 12 3 e º & e 14 6 13, 14 6 1%
7 || Keane O'Hara , Dames Mills . * wº 20 0 0 18 0 23, tº ge © e 9 4 7% 9 4 7
8 Joseph Andrews. House, &c., Church-street 26 5 0 24 4 7% tº º º e 12 2 4 12 2 3%
9 || John Oldham . Ground, Lincoln-lane 17 | 3 15 15 1 & Cº & O 7 17 64 7 17 64 tº e
10 | Richard Workman House, Castle-street. I8 0 0 16 12 34 7 18 24 © e e e tº a 24 10 6
11 || Edward Torton . Concern, Nicholas-street . 16 0 0 14 15 4% 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 84 7 7 8 e de
12 || John Cooke Messuage, Church-street . 14 0 0 12 18 5% tº 6 9 3 6 9 24
13 || George Sutton . House, Nicholas-street 21 15 8 20 2 2 e 10 1 1 10 1 1 tº &
14 | Richard Grady. Do. 18 14 0 17 5 24 tº º 8 12 74. & º 8 12 7
15 || Benjamin Ward. Do. . e & 20 13 3 || 19 1 5} a • 9 10 8% 9 10 9 e
16 || James Dexter Ground, Church-street o . 25 0 0 23 1 64 e tº ll 10 9} Il 10 9 e e
17 | Mary Dalton Tenement, Fishamble-street º . 30 0 0 27 13 10 e ſº g 13 16 11 13 16 11 tº e
18 || Benjamin Archer Ground, Church-street, now 70 and 71 e Q gº º 27 13 10 e e tº tº e 27 13 10
19 John Phibbs . Two houses, Nicholas-street . 15 2 0 13 18 9 tº e O 6 19 4% º ºg 6 19 4%
20 | Rev. T. M*Donnell Tenement, Cook-street . ge © 5 0 0 4 12 3% * 2 6 1% 2 6 2 e tº
Carried forward . . . £.|375 10 10 346 3 11 5] 5 10 7 7 8 162 19 10} | 147 6 9 80 5 6 Q
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H
ST. MARY'S ABBEY AND THOMAS-COURT RENTS-Contenwed.
Arrears due Arrears Half-vear to Half-year to Arrears due -
Original Tenants' Names. Holdings, where situated. Yearly Rents. 28th Sept. 1833. received. 29th §: 1833. 25th i. 1834. 28th Sept. 1834. Abatements. . -
- Irish. British. British. British. British. British. British. British.
w £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. | #2. s. d £. s. d.
Brought forward . . . .375 10 10 || 346 3 11 5] 5, 10 7 7 8 || 162 19 104 || 147 6 9 80 5 6 * e
21 | Willian) Browne House, north side, Castle-street. 24 0 0 22 3 I II. I. 6; - tº O & e - 33 4 74 …º º
22 John Cooke Ground, James's-street 6 7 6 5 17 8 e 9 2 18 10 2 IS 10 • 2 to ſº.
23 George M'Quay Ground, Thomas-street ... º . 12 0 0 11 1 6 • ? 5 10 9 5 10 9 & As • *
24 | Rev. H. Ware . Tenement, Castle-street º . 18 0 0 16 12 4 © e e 8 . 6 2 8 6 2 e & g
25 | Richard Power . House, north side, Castle-street. 30 0 0 27 13 10 © . g. º 13 16 II 13 16 11 º • Q
26 John Donnelly . Ground, Thomas-street . º . . 49 17 6 46 0 10 tº º º 23 O 5 23 O 5 * * * >
27 | Arthur Guinness Holding, called the Pipes. , ºv . 10 0 0° 9 4 7% , 9 º' º -4 12 34 4 12 4 a º e G
28 John Hart Ground, Basin-lane º , º I () 0 0 18 5% 21 4 7 © tº gº ſº tº 22 3. 04 tº º
29 || Arthur Guinness Ground, near James's-street . . 1 0 0 0 18 5% • - º O 9 3 0 9 24 • *- e sº
30 Jos. Rose. e Two Lots, Blackhall-stree º ... 9 18 0 9 2 9 & e 4 11 4% 4 11 4% tº e • , tº
31 || Robert Walker . Five do. & º º & . 27 10 0 25 7 8 12 13 10 & © 38 J 6 sº
32 Do. . Five do. - 9 13 6 8 18 7 4 9 34 • & tº Q O 13 7 10; & a
33 Do. º Fifteen do. 23 9 6 21 13 4} | 10 16 8 10 16 8 || 10 16, 8 10 16 84 • e ©
34 Jos. Ashley Three do. . º º - , 15 15 0 14 10 9% e tº e º 7 5 5 7 5 4% e e º
35 | William Cope Three Lots, Upper Bridge-street . 68 5 0 63 0 0 3I 10 0 31 10 0 || 31 10 0 3I 10 0 © e
36 | Thomas Potter . One do. º º º º . 27 9 0 25 6 10 * g. º, º – 12 13 5 12 13 5 * @ .
37 || William Cope One do. 19 10 0 18 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 © tº º
38 John Langan . One do. 19 10 0 18 0 0 tº e - «» 9 0 (0 9 0 0 © e -.
39 Gerald Dillon . One do. 18 0 0 16 12 4 º 8 6 2 8 6 2 o º
40 | Patrick Tommins One do. tº º º º . 18 0 0 16 12 4 9 @ 8 6 2 8 6 2 tº ſº. Q is
41 Gerald Dillon . A lot of ground, Bridge-street . . 17 1 3 15 15 0 tº e 7 17 6 7 17 6 º º © &
42 Do. © º Do. . & º e . 17 1 3 I5 15 0 e 7 17 6 7 17 6 º tº e
43 | Charles Ryan Do. 17 | 3 15 15 0 a & 7 17 6 7 17 6 © e e e
44 Do. º Do. 17 1 3 15 15 0 e ‘º 7 17 6 7 17 6 e O e &
45 Do. º Do. 17 I 3 15 15 0 tº º G - 7 17 6 7 17 6 tº e © tº
46 || William Cope Do. 23 5 0 2] 9 3 10 14 74 10 14 74 10 14 7% 10 14 74 o . .
47 | Do. º Do. 20 18 6 19 6 34 9 13 13, 9 13 1% 9 13 2 9 13 1% º © a
48 Do. Do. 36 II 6 33 15 24 16 17 7 | 16 17 7 16 17 7; 16 17 7 & © º e
49 Do. º Do. * I5 18 9 14 14 24 7 7 I 7 7. I 7 7 1% 7 7. I O C &
50 || Allan Foster Do. 3] 10 0 29 I 6% tº º s & 14 10 9} | 14 10 9 O e
51 | Thomas Potter . º Do. 12 15 0 11 15 4% º 5 17 8% 5 17 8 º G
52 Gerald Dillon . © Do. 17 I 3 15 15 0 © 7 17 6 7 17 6 º ©
53 Do. . & Do. 17 1 3 | 15 15 0 e 7 17 6 7 17 6 © & .
54 Do. º e e Do. 17 5 0 15 18 5 & 7 19 3 7 19 24 o • *
55 | Sir William Worthington Do. 15 0 0 13 16 11 ey 6 18 54 6 18 5% e © &
56 Do. e º º Do. 19 10 0 18 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 g º
57 | DO. Do. 18 15 0 17. 6 2 8 13 I 8 13 1. & O

58 || Sir William Worthington A lot of ground, Bridge-street 24 0 0 22 3 1 0 0 4 0 0 4 11 1 64 || 11 1 6% © e
59 || Thomas Potter . º Do. . g g º 18 15 0 17 6 2 e tº e - 8 13 1 8 13 I tº e • Q
60 | Sir William Worthington Do. . & e 20 14 0 19 2 2 9 11 1 9 11 1 9 II 1 & e 9 II. I. Q @
61 | Philip Cassidy . House, Cook-street. e * . 17 3 0 15 16 7% • . . . 7 18 4 7 18 3} © e we g’
§ º Sullivan . i. º n-Street ..) & Purchased by the Commissioners of Wide Streets.
g º º 2 º º -
R. 64 Nicholas Flemming House, Cook-street 36 0 0 33 4 7% * 16 12 4 16 12 3% º © gº
R 65 | Patrick Clarke . House, Thomas-street 76 0 0 70 3 ]. & 35 l 6% 35 1 6% º * -
R 66 || Benjamin Connor House, Castle-street 30 0 0 27 13 10 13 16 11 13 16 II gº º ©
R 67 || Jonathan Revell House, George's-street 57 8 4 53 0 0 & 26 10 0 26 10 0 º e
R 68 | Patrick Taaffe . Late Mercer's Holding 10 16 8 10 0 0 • 5 0 0 || 5 0 O º © g
R. 69 || William Connolly Cook-street . º º & 15 3 4 14 0 0 - e. & Cº. 7 O 0 7 0 0 º & ©
R 70 | James Costigan. Church-street, formerly No. 18 . e Q 15 0 0 7 10 0 || 7 10 0 7 10 0 7 10 0 2 • •
R 71 | Michael Hearn . g Do. 3 5 18 . g º 25 0 0 * @ º 12 10 0 12 10 0 * tº e
R 72 Deborah Long . * Do. 5 5 3 . © e 12 0 0 © e 6 0 0 6 0 0 tº e Q Q
R 73 || Edward and J. Conlan Do. 3 3 l . g 2I 0 0 To commence 29th Sept. 1833. 10 10 0 10 10 0
1,385 6 4% 213 15 7 |120 8 2 | 643 I 104 || 617 18 4 207 3 7% 10 10 0
Arrears due 28th Sept. 1833 ę 213 15 7 Arrears received Q º 120 8 2
Over-received on No. 15 © 0 0 0} Half-year to 29th Sept. 1833 e 643 l 104
Half-year to 25th March 1834 © e . 617 18 4
Holdings so marked (R) are subject to the charge of receiver’s fees. Arrears due 28th Sept. 1834 º . . 207 3 7,
£1,599 2 0 £1,599 2 0
RECAPITULATION.
Arrears due - º Half-wear to Half-wear to Arrears due
DENOMINATIONS. Yearly Rents, 25.33, Arears received. gºs. 25.34. 2s. 4. Abatements.
- British. British. British. British. British. British. British.
-- £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
ANCIENT REVENUE 8,798 19 5} | 3,434 5 84 995 10 3 || 3,681 5 4 || 3,247 7 4% 4,028 1 24 281 1 0
St. GEORGE's RENTs 213 19 4% tº º e de 106 19 8 106 19 84 e tº tº, º
ALL HALLOWS 4,535 15 8 1,220 2 13, 430 17 8% 2,028 0 9} | 1,523 18 24 | 1,729 16 0. 43 5 1
ST. MARY's ABBEY 1,385 6 4% 213 15 7 • 120 8 2 643 l 10% 617 18 4 207 3 7% 10 10 0
bº) 14,934 0 10 || 4,868 3 5 | 1,546 16 1% 6,459 7 8% 5,496 3 73 || 5,965 0 10 334 16 1
Deduct Abatements . 334 16. I - -
b- - Arrears received . º G • 1,546 16 13,
bº) 14,599 4 94 Half-wear to 29th Sept. 1833 6,459 7 §
Half-year due 28th September, 1833 . sº & © e 4,868 3 5 #. ea. O 5th Nº. h 1834 tº 5. - º
Over-received on A. Revenue, 168, and St. Mary's Abbey, 16 -> 0 0 1 alf-year to 25th March, I ,496 3 7%
£| 19,467 8 34 £ 19,467 8 3%
i
:
§

DUBL IN.
244 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Tenures.
Leases.
Lettings.
Rentals.
The management of these extensive properties devolves chiefly on the committee for inspect-
ing city leases and the finance committee; the duty of the city treasurer in respect of them
being merely to collect the rents.
The Temures upon the estates are of three descriptions: first, grants in fee-farm or
leases for lives, renewable for ever, or for very long terms of years; secondly, leases for three
lives, with covenants for a renewal within a certain term of years; and, thirdly, leases for
ninety-nine years. • * :
The grants in perpetuity, and for long terms of years, are of ancient date; none are known to
have been made within the memory of any person living. The persons now holding under the
corporation have very valuable properties in them.
The leases for three lives, with covenants for renewal, were granted between sixty and seventy
years ago.
The term within which the tenant had the right to a renewal of his interest was seventy
years, consequently, these leases have lately been gradually falling in, and the city estates must
rise considerably in value on the determination of them.
The present city treasurer stated, that in twenty years he expects that the property of the
corporation will be increased 15,000l. a year.
The term mow granted by the corporation, and which has been generally adopted since the
year 1819, under the terms of the trust-deed of that year, hereinafter noticed, is ninety-nine
€a I’S.
y That deed contains a power to make leases for any term not exceeding ninety-nine years, or
for three lives renewable within seven years.
Fines may be taken under the provisions of that deed on the making or renewal of leases;
but they must be applied in liquidation of the debt provided for by it, and they must not be
taken so as to reduce the present rents. -
There is a standing order of the commons, of Christmas, 1738, that no lease be re-
newed that has a longer term than ten years unexpired, except for such houses as must neces-
sarily be rebuilt before the expiration of the lease, and where the tenant shall give security to
do so. -
The town-clerks, who have the custody of the city leases, make up from time to time reports
of leases near expiring, which they furnish to the committee for inspecting such leases. The
general practice of the corporation at present is to advertise for proposals for the tenements to
be let, which proposals are considered, in the first instance, by a sub-committee appointed by
the committee of city leases and finance, who report thereon to the committee of city leases.
This committee reports its approbation of the proposal to the common council, where it is
considered by the board of aldermen, and, if approved by them, is sent to the commons for
their confirmation or rejection. The Lettings were formerly by public auction, and it is one of
the standing orders of the commons that no petition be allowed by that house for letting any
of the city lands or houses out of lease till the same be first advertised in the public papers to
be let by cant to the highest bidder. It is considered by the officers of the corporation that the
system of letting by proposal produces better rents than were obtained by auction.
It is required, as a condition of each proposal, that the tenant shall pay one year's rent in
advance, to be allowed him in the last year of the term.
The tenant is also required to pay the costs of the leases, which generally amount to about
eighteen pounds; this sum, however, includes the stamp duty. The leases are prepared by the
town clerks, and the costs include a fee of two guineas to the recorder for perusing the lease,
and two guineas to the city surveyor for a map of the premises.
There is no restriction as to the persons to be received as tenants, nor is there any rule
prescribed for giving a preference to members of the corporation. In practice, however, it is
stated that, caeteris paribus, they obtain a preference, and some years ago a practice prevailed of
abating the rents, which was very injurious to the estates. Persons who conceived they had a
certain degree of interest in the corporation attended the auctions, and bid or sent in proposals
for premises to be let, at rents considerably beyond the value, and, having been accepted as
tenants at the rents so offered, afterwards applied for and, by their interest amongst members
of the corporation, succeeded in obtaining abatements. Under leases so obtained a considerable
portion of the corporation property is now held, and though the practice does not prevail to the
same extent at present, and is in some measure prevented by the provisions of the deed of 1819,
yet abatements still appear in the treasurer's account almost every year.
Rentals of the estates are printed annually with the treasurer's accounts, stating, in the
above form, the names of the original tenants, the general situation of the holdings, the rents
payable, received, and in arrear, to the 28th of September in each year, and the abatements,
if any, made to the tenants.
They furnish, however, very little information as to the actual occupiers and local position of
the different holdings; and they do not, in any instance, state the terms of the demise.
With the view of ascertaining the extent and present condition of the city estates, Alderman
John C. Beresford was employed by the corporation, a few years since, to examine and arrange
all their papers and records,--to regulate their accounts in a proper series from the beginning,
and to trace the original boundaries of their estates from description-books of their mature and
value, –to ascertain if any had been lost, and to make out a new and correct rental.
He was engaged in these inquiries a considerable time, and received from the corporation,
from time to time, considerable sums of money for his own trouble and for the expenses of pro-
secuting the inquiry, but was prevented from completing it by the refusal of the Commons to
sanction any further expense on the subject. Part of these sums was expended in searches
among the records in the Tower and elsewhere in London; and the alderman succeeded in
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 245
DUBLIN.
arranging and making out a full abstract of the various charters of the corporation. He also
made out a new and complete rental of the city estates, with a map exhibiting the exact
local position of each holding, and had prepared three volumes of description-books, showing
the date, tenure, tenant, and rent of each holding, its description and boundaries, with maps,
and observations on the mature of the premises, and buildings on them, showing how far they
have at any time been increased or diminished within the records of the corporation, and a
general description of the holding before its subdivision into the several denominations under
which it is now let. The work is, however, incomplete. Nothing has been done by the corpo-
ration in consequence of this inquiry, nor has any alteration been made in the form of the
printed rental.
The importance of acquiring accurate information as to the state and condition of the city
estates is apparent from the statement made to us by Alderman Beresford, that he found, in the
course of his inquiry, the boundaries of city properties in many instances considerably altered
or diminished in some places, showing that the corporation ought to have twenty-six or twenty-
seven houses where they now have only one, from changes made in the descriptions in the course
of successive renewals. He did not, however, find any instance of this mature occurring within
sixty years. .
The divisions of the properties he states not to be accurate, and many holdings to be mis-
placed in the printed rentals.
172. The tolls called in the accounts of the corporation Slippage and Anchorage consist of
the five distinct charges already noticed:—
1. The slippage.
2. The anchorage.
3. The fee called chapter and guild.
4. The lord mayor's fee.
5. The water bailiff's-fees. They are all included in the general denomination of slippage and
anchorage. \
The amount of the sum collected for these dues varies of course according to the state of trade;
but of late years it has been between 1,300!, and 1,400l. a year. With the exception of a sum
of 10l. paid annually to the nurse-tender of the city marshalsea, and 5l. reserved to meet occa-
sional expenses in that prison, the entire amount of these tolls is divided amongst the lord mayor,
the recorder, the sheriffs, and water-bailiffs.
The scale of distribution amongst them was not very clearly stated to us.
It appears, however, that out of the net receipts paid to the treasurer, after deducting the
expenses of collection, a sum of 800, is allotted to the lord mayor, of which the lord mayor
of the year receives 600l., and 200l. is applied in paying an arrear of their proportion of
this money which former lord mayors were deprived of during a period of four years, in
which the slippage and anchorage dues were not collected by reason of the litigation above
mentioned.
To make up the deficiency thus occasioned, an arrangement has been made, by which 200l.
is deducted from the sum to which each lord mayor is entitled out of this fund. But as the
amount so deducted from him is afterwards to be paid out of a similar deduction from some
future lord mayor, the payment to him is in fact only deferred for a few years, and thus a con-
tinuing arrear of so much of the lord mayor's share of these dues is established. This has been
before noticed in our account of the income of that officer.
After payment of this sum, the residue is divided amongst the recorder, sheriffs, and water-
bailiffs, each of the above classes being entitled to is. 3d. of the sum collected for one of the
above dues, and the water-bailiffs being entitled to the entire residue (after the above mentioned
deduction for the lord mayor) of the others.
In the year ending 28th September, 1833, the slippage and anchorage produced the sum
of 1,3591. 11s. 2d., which was paid as follows:—
To the Right Hon. C. P. Archer, one year, to 28th September, 1833 £653 10 9
Sir E. Nugent, balance of salary as past lord mayor . º & 97 10 0
Alderman Montgomery, as past lord mayor, two quarters * c 86 17 0
The recorder, his proportion to 24th June, 1833 . gº º ſº 22 2 1,
High-sheriff's ditto ditto . tº * & tº 22 2 3
Water-bailiff’s ditto ditto . © tº cº e 231 4 6
Jane Dunleavy, nurse-tender to Marshalsea, one year, to 25th March, -
1833 . • Ö & tº © * g ſº 10 0 O
f 1,354 Il 2
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Slippage and An-
chorage.
Amount and distri-
bution of.
173. The revenue stated as Minister's Money and Church Cess, is a small annual sum paid Minister's Money
to the corporation by the occupiers of the lands of Clonturk, in the parish of Drumcondra, in the and Church Cess.
vicinity of Dublin.
This sum, which is in lieu of the vicarial tithes, was formerly payable to the vicar, who is ap-
pointed by the corporation, but desiring to make a better and more certain provision for him
the corporation some time ago took the collection of the minister's money and church cess into
their own hands, and in lieu thereof pay the vicar a salary of 75l. per annum.
The fourth source of revenue above mentioned, being the Casual Revenue derived from fines on Casual Revenue.
the renewal of leases, and on the admission of freemen, &c. is, of course, variable in amount.
The treasurer's account also, under this head, includes all sums raised by the issue of deben-
tures, or otherwise borrowed; so that though as a source of income the casual revenue is incon-
siderable, the accounts sometimes shew very large sums under this head.
DUBLIN.
246 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Fines on Admission
of Freemen.
Sessions' Fines.
Expenditure.
Debt.
Tontine.
Rent and Taxes.
Thus, in the account ending 28th September, 1833, the casual revenue appears thus:
£. s. d.
Received for 100 new 6 per cent, debentures, No. 1,–100 º 10,000 0 0
Interest on a portion thereof e tº * 28 3 9
Fines in Lord Palmerston's case . • • o * © 65 6 2
Mrs. Paumier's remewal fine e tº ge © • Q 8 13 O
# 10,102 2 11
The debentures above mentioned are part of those for 30,000l., issued under the trust-deed of
1832, hereinafter noticed; and under the same head, in the account ending 28th September,
1834, there appears an entry— -
“Received for fifty new 6 per cent, debentures, No. 101 to 150 inclusive, 5,000l.,” being a
further issue of them. -
The Fines payable to the corporation on the Admission of Freemen have been already specified.
The amount of income derived from them is but small, and varies very much in different
years, the fines remaining frequently for a long time unpaid after an order for the admission of
the freemen has been made, until a contested election, or some other object, makes it important
for the persons admitted to perfect their title. 4.
In the year 1832 it was but 33l, ; and since that period, up to September, 1834, nothing was
received.
The Sessions' Fines are also very small, and, from their nature, still more variable.
In 1832 a sum of 28l. was returned by the treasurer as received on account of those fines, but
nothing since that period; so that this head, as a source of revenue, is almost nominal. The
fifth head of income, being the pipe-water revenue, together with the expenditure under it, re-
Quires separate consideration, and will be found hereinafter noticed.
160. The manner in which the above income is expended will be most clearly seen by a
reference to the treasurer's accounts, where it is arranged under various heads. First, the
Expenditure in the payment of interest on the corporation debt, and of certain annuities for
money borrowed by them in the nature of tontine.
The sums paid under this head in the year ending the 29th of September, 1834, appear on
the treasurer's account as follows:—
Amount of interest on 4 per cent. city bonds, one year, due 29th -
of September, 1833, and 25th of March, 1834 . ſº e fº/,534 1 II
Ditto on new 6 per cent, ditto, due December,1833, and June, 1834 673 6 10
Tontine remitted Mr. Schultes, for dividends due and payable in
London, December, 1833, and June, 1834 . © * © 2,540 15 4
Ditto paid to nominees resident in Ireland, and payable in Dublin,
to June 1834 wº g e & tº & tº e 22 AO 10
£10,770 14 8.
The Debt of the corporation is of very long standing, and its origin is not now known. It has
been much increased of late years, and in the year 1819 it became necessary to make some
provision for its security, and for the regular payment of the interest upon it; for this purpose
a deed was executed whereby the corporation conveyed all their estates, except the pipe-water, to
certain trustees, upon trust, to pay the interest on the above debt, and bound themselves not
to make any disposition of the property which would lower the rental; and in case any fines
should be received, that they should be applied in liquidation of the debt.
The first item in the above account is the interest upon the debt secured by this deed, amount-
ing at 4 per cent. to 6,534l. 1s. 1%d. per annum.
After the execution of the deed of 1819 the corporation still continued, from year to year, to
expend more than their income, by which a further debt accumulated, and they were obliged to
borrow further sums, and for this purpose agreed to issue further debentures for a sum of 30,000l.,
and, to secure the payment thereof, entered in 1832 into another deed of trust, whereby they
conveyed the equity of redemption of the same estates as were contained in the deed of 1819 to
new trustees, to secure the payment of the interest on the debentures, and thereby bound them-
selves not to borrow any further moneys until they should have a clear surplus of 1,000l. a year
of income above their expenditure.
The debentures were accordingly sealed, but lå,000l., only of them have been issued; the
residue remain with the treasurer locked up, and not to be issued without an Act of Assembly
first obtained for the purpose.
The annual interest payable upon this debt is 673!. 6s. 10d., being 6 per cent, on the deben-
tures issued in 1832.
The Tontine debt was created about the year 1775, when the corporation had occasion to
borrow a sum of 60,000l. Of this a sum of 30,000l. was raised upon single lives in three
classes, 10,000l. in each, at 5 per cent. Being unable to raise more at this rate, the corporation
offered to give double lives at the same rate, and thus raised 15,300!, in one class, and 7,700l. in
another. In these latter classes the persons advancing the money were allowed to nominate
two lives instead of one. Thus a sum of 53,000l. in all was raised.
The annual amount of the annuities paid on this account by the corporation is 2,563l. 2s. 9d.
INone of the classes have as yet fallen in by the expiration of the lives nominated, but the
first class of single lives is now reduced to four or five, and may soon be expected to expire.
The next head of expenditure consists of a number of small sums paid for Rent, Taxes, and
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 247
DUBLIN.
Insurance upon premises, either occupied by the corporation or remaining on their hands
untenanted. r
The amount of the various payments made under this head for the year ending the 29th
September, 1834, was 471. 18s. 8d.
he next head of expenditure is that of Casual Expenses and Tradesmen's Bills.
The items charged under this head, for the year ending the 29th September, 1834, are as
follows:— .
Composition to Commissioners of Paving, &c. for one year, ended
25th March, 1834 e ſº © tº & * > * ... ſº.276 18
Ditto, for lighting . e g e cº • & © te 18 9
Sir Thomas Whelan's expenses going to London . © © . 300 0
Richard Saunders's repairs at Drumcondra Church o º . 414 0
*Alderman Beresford, per Act of Assembly . . . º © . 593 10
§
à
O
0
9
Sundry expenses for ditto tº º e e 8 18 3
Balance to clerk for ditto. ſº e tº g Q gº g S 6 ||
For search at Tower º º g * & © * ſº 5 5 O
Arthur Neville, for maps, &c. . tº gº ę & e . 100 0 0
Ditto, balance for ditto . O & tº e © e . 160 0 O
Green and Archer, per Act of Assembly, 1833 . © & . 136 16 0
John Mallett, expenses going to London . ſe © e . 300 () ()
George Hallahan, ditto . tº e [… ** wº e . 300 0 0
Charles Thorpe, painting, &c. at Mansion House . © te . 156 10 0
Ditto, at Record Room . • • gº © e º c 10 0 0
Repairs of houses in Church-street . e tº e cº gº 2 14 8
Sundry postages . . g e & º 2 18 7
Carriage of tontine parcels © ve o & sº º tº | 6 8
Pells and poundage at Treasury & e e Q o . 24 9 8
A. M.Mullen, inclosing Old Bridewell * Q & º tº 8 0 O
Ditto, Balance of work at Mansion House . tº ſº ſº * 58 16 0
Brass stamp for new 6 per cent, debentures . o tº * tº () 6 6
Edward Lynch, for injury dome to premises on triennial visit to the
boundaries. . . . tº º tº G de © e 5 0 0
Sundry keepers of city property º & º tº tº . 83 10 10
Five hundred rent-notices. e o º º e e g | 1 ()
George Faulkner, for stationery, &c. . tº ſº * e * 2 13 7
Ditto, printing annual accounts. © & g º g e 20 0 O
Ditto, interest books, &c. . te © e ſº º o gº 2 14 0
Ditto, printing, &c. ordered at Easter and Michaelmas Assemblies, 1833 133 3 2
Ditto, ditto, ordered at Easter Assemby, 1834 e * © . 62 0 5,
Ditto, rent-dockets, &c. . Q e © e © * tº 3 8 || 1
Ditto, printing and stationery, treasurer's department gº e & 3 8 9
D. M'Cleery, providing candles to Christmas Assembly, 1834 . * 5 () ()
John Mallett, as per order {º • © e tº gº 17 14 84
William Mallett, for iron work . º & tº * gº . 14 18 13,
Sundry advertising . tº gº g * tº gº tº 16 6 6
Recorder, attending contested elections at Commons ſº e º 21 0 0
William Wilson, for slaters' work & º e tº gº . 99 7 7
E. Drake, plumber's work at Mansion House dº dº © . 33 10 0
Painting the statue of King William III. . ſº * te º 5 5 0.
Evening Mail, per order . ſº e iº tº º º . 40 12 0.
John Semple, architect’s fees . te ſº cº © e . 37 IO ().
Messrs. Carolin, carpenter's work tº o • gº tº . 63 18 8
Samuel Madder, receipt-stamps. tº * e * * . 74 6 1%
Altering two brass stamps tº tº e ſº º e gº 0 2 .0
Jonathan Sisson, per order of Christmas Assembly, 1833 o . 11 5 0
E. Tresham, transcribing documents . © tº º tº e 10 0 0
J. Hamilton, amount of account, per order of Midsummer Assembly,
1834 © dº { } gº wº tº o Q & . 15 1 0
W. Tighe, fumigating Assembly House © tº g te º 3 3 O
Sundry law costs . & {{ © tº * º 990 7 7
On account of turnpike bill, per order of Assembly Q e g 5 0 0
The next head of expenditure is that of the slippage and anchorage dues, which has been
already noticed, and the next is the expenditure connected with the pipe-water revenue, which,
with the income derived from it, requires a separate consideration.
161. The corporation of the city of Dublin has been for several centuries seised of a water-
course from the River Dodder to the city. Of the origin of their title to it, and whether in its
creation it was expressly subjected to any trust for the use of the citizens, we have no direct
information, but the preamble of the statute 7 Geo. I. c. 16, which was the first Act passed
* In part of his charge for making out the rental already noticed.
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Casual Expenses
and Tradesmen's
PIPE-WATER
REVENUE.
DUBLIN.
248 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
13,14 Geo. III. c. 22.
15,16 Geo. III. c. 24.
19, 20 Geo. III. c. 13.
42 Geo. III. c. xcii.
to protect the rights of the city to the watercourse, imports an original dedication of it to
public uses. -
It is as follows:—“Whereas the city of Dublin hath for many ages past been seised and
possessed of a watercourse taken out of the river Dodder, and now beginning at the weir at
the foot of Ballyrudery hill, between a house now called Ashworth's New Paper-mill, and one
other stone house, belonging to Sir Thomas Domville, and the aforesaid hill; which water-
course from thence goes into and through the lands of Temple-oge and other lands to the city
of Dublin, which is the chief supply of water, not only for the inhabitants of the city but also
for His Majesty's castle of Dublin, and which without it would suffer exceeding great preju-
dice;” and, after reciting several nuisances on the watercourse, and diversion of the water, the
preamble concludes thus:—“So that in the summer season there is not sufficient water to serve
its inhabitants, or to extinguish any fire; and forasmuch as it is of absolute necessity that all
cities and great towns should be plentifully supplied with sweet, wholesome, running water for
the service of its inhabitants.” -
After this recital the statute enacts, that the lord mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of
the city of Dublin, and their successors, shall and may, peaceably and quietly, have, hold,
occupy, possess, and enjoy the aforesaid ancient watercourse, and gives them powers to enter
lands, to amend and preserve it, make new passages, &c. &c. -
In commexion with this watercourse the corporation, at an early period, constructed various
works for supplying the citizens with water; but, from the increasing extent of the city, this
source, in the latter part of the last century, became insufficient for the augmented consumption;
and an agreement was entered into between the corporation and the Company of Undertakers
of the Grand Canal, “that, in consideration of the subscribers to that canal supplying the city
with such a quantity of water, thereinafter to be ascertained, as should supply the several
inhabitants thereof, the city should pay to the said subscribers 10 per cent. upon the gross pro-
duce of the revenue that should arise to the city from the sale of the said water.” This agree-
ment was to commence the 1st day of May, 1776, and it was ratified and confirmed by Act of
Parliament, 13, 14 Geo. III. c. 22, s. 33.
The corporation expended considerable sums in these works, in which they were in some
years aided by parliamentary grants; the total amount of which grants, to the year 1777,
appears to have amounted to the sum of . In that year an important change took place
in the system of supply. The corporation appears previously to have only supplied such of
the citizens with water as chose to purchase it at certain prices; but the inhabitants at large
were not under any obligation to incur the expense.
In 1776 the Act 15, 16 Geo. III. c. 24 was passed, by which, after reciting that water
had not of late been sufficiently supplied to the inhabitants of Dublin, occasioned by the great
increase of their numbers, and the insufficiency of the works formerly constructed to supply
such a number; and reciting the ancient title of the corporation to their watercourse, and
that they, at a great expense, had made a basin or reservoir for water and other works, and
had, to promote a supply of water adequate to the comsumption of the inhabitants, entered into
the contract with the Grand Canal Company; therefore, to enable the corporation of Dublin
more effectually to carry the said laudable purposes into execution, and that the inhabitants
might have a regular, sufficient, and constant supply of pure water, it was enacted that every
owner or occupier of every house in the city of Dublin should, from and after the 25th of
March, 1777, provide a branch or leaden pipe to convey water from the several main pipes
then laid or thereafter to be laid in the several streets, alleys, &c. into such house. By sec. 2
every owner or occupier was required to pay the rates or rents expressed in the Act to the
corporation for each house, the better to enable that body to contract new mains of larger
dimensions, and extend the said works. By sec. 11 the corporation was empowered to borrow
on security of the rates such sums “ as they shall find necessary for the purposes of this Act.”
A subsequent Act of the Irish Parliament (the 19, 20 Geo. III. c. 13), and an Act of the
United Parliament of 42 Geo. III. c. xcii., explain, amend, alter, and extend the powers given
by the Act of the 15, 16 Geo. III. c. 24. -
It is important, with reference to the subsequent account of this estate, to observe, that what-
ever may have been the expenditure of the corporation out of their other funds upon these
works prior to 1776, and which they allege to have been considerable, no provision is made by
15, 16 Geo. III. c. 24, or any other Act upon the subject, for repayment or compensation
to them on that account, and the rates granted to commence from the 25th March, 1777, are
clearly for prospective services, and not for remuneration for past; nor is there any power
given to the corporation to borrow money on the pipe-water rates or rents, for the purpose of
reimbursing it for its expenditures on the works prior to the 25th March, 1777; and no par-
ticular profits or profit-rents are stipulated to be allowed or retained by the corporation, as for
the use of the watercourse, reservoir, and water-works which then existed.
It appears, however, that immediately or very soon after the first Pipe-Water Act, com-
mencing in March, 1777, (15, 16 Geo.III. c. 24,) became productive of revenue, the cor-
poration not merely assumed a power of applying to its use, or adding to the rents of its
private estate, such surplus as might remain after effecting the objects of the Act, but appro-
priated a specific sum of 1,500l. per annum to its own use, or in aid of the revenues of its
estate ; not for expenses incurred by it subsequent to the Act, but as a remuneration for alleged
expenditure for years before. This appears by an extract from the pipe-water accounts, dated
18th January, 1779, in the following words:– “Your committee came to a resolution, that for
the future no part of the pipe-water revenue, or any money borrowed for the works, be appro-
priated to any other use, save the several uses of carrying on their works, paying their officers,
&c., until they have discharged the several sums borrowed on that credit, except the sum of
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 249 .
DUBLIN.
1,500l. annually, to be paid to the city treasurer for the use of the city, in part compensation
for several sums expended by them, previous to the late account, upon the said works.”
In pursuance of this resolution the corporation charged the pipe-water rates from their com-
mencement on the 25th March, 1777, to the 25th March, 1809, a period of thirty-two years,
with 1,500l. per annum; and, no annual surplus of pipe-water rents existing to pay such a
sum, applied moneys from time to time, borrowed under colour of the purposes of the Act, 15.
16 Geo. III, c. 24, to pay this 1,500l. a-year, voted by itself to itself, and unsanctioned
by any legislative enactment. This 1,500l. a-year was drawn partly from the pipe-water rates
or rents, but principally from the moneys borrowed on the security of these rates, viz., 1,500l.
for the first fourteen consecutive years, from March, 1777, to March, 1791, except in the year
1783, when the corporation drew only 918, making an aggregate sum of 20,418l. In 1797
it drew for its private purposes 4,0731. in 1800, 4,000l. ; in 1809, out of moneys then
recently borrowed, 19,100l.; making together 47,5911.
Supposing the corporation entitled to draw 1,500l. annually, for thirty-two years, this sum
voted to itself, as its rent, would amount to 48,000l., to and for the 25th March, 1809; and the
sums appropriated to its use being 47,591 l., if the claim were just, there would be only a deficit
to that day of 409!.; but, by claiming interest on arrears of rent from the day it became due
until the day it was paid (a claim justly stated by the commissioners of imprest accounts to be
illegal, novel, and unsupportable), the deficit or arrear of rent to that period was claimed to be
13,161 l, instead of 4091, the real deficit, if the rent were justly payable.
162. In the year 1809, the Act of 49 Geo. III. cap. lxxx. (Loc. and Pers.), for the better sup-
plying the city of Dublin with water, commonly called the Metal-main Act, was passed, which,
after reciting in the preamble that, by the Irish Acts of 15 16 Geo. III. c. 24, 19, and 20 Geo.
III, c. 13, and by one other Act of 42 Geo. III. cap. xcii, certain rates and powers were given
to the corporation of Dublin, for effecting the several purposes by these Acts intended, and after
also reciting that it was expedient to secure a more ample and permanent supply of water to
the inhabitants of Dublin, and to prevent the frequent breaking up of the pavement of the streets
of that city, for repairing the pipe-water works thereof, that #. considerable, expensive and
permanent alterations and improvements should be made in said works, by making additional
reservoirs, and by substituting cast-iron or metal service-pipes, instead of timber pipes then in
use; and, after further reciting that the rates, then payable for the sale of water in the said city,
were wholly insufficient to defray the expenses of such new and necessary works, enacted, that
from and after the passing of the Act, and during the continuance thereof, the corporation of
Dublin should be empowered to take certain new rates in the Act specified from the owners of
all dwelling-houses in the city, over and above all rates or rents then payable for a supply of
pipe-water, under the three Acts recited, or any of them.
By the 11th and 12th sections of 49 Geo. III. the corporation was empowered to borrow, at
interest, upon the joint credit of the rates or rents granted by the three recited Acts, and of the
new rates granted by the Metal-main Act, at different periods mentioned in that Act, several
sums of money, not exceeding in the whole 32,200l., for the purpose of making the reservoirs
and laying the cast-iron or metal mains in that Act mentioned; and by the 13th section of the
Act, after reciting that there was a debt of 67,800l. secured by the rates or rents granted by the
previous recited Act of Parliament (viz. the Pipe-water Act), and that it was expedient to
provide a fund for the redeeming and discharging the same, viz., the said 67,800l., and all
such further sum and sums of money as might thereafter be borrowed, viz., the 32,200l.,
under the provisions of that Act, on the credit of pipe-water works, it was enacted that the
treasurer of the corporation of Dublin, for the time being, should annually retain out of the
rates or rents granted by the Metal-main Act, the sum of 2,000l., together with such sum or
sums as should be equal to the interest payable on all such sum or sums of money as should
coRPORATE
PROPERTY.
49Geo.III.cap.lxxx.
Metal-main Act.
thereafter be borrowed under the provisions of the Metal-main Act (viz. 32,200/.), which
sum or sums of money, so to be retained by the city treasurer, should be appropriated and
applied as a sinking fund, to pay off and discharge the said sum of 67,800ſ. (the pipe-water
debt then due), and the money to be thereafter borrowed (the 32,200l.), under the provi-
sions of the Metal-main Act; and that these sums so retained by the city treasurer should
be, from time to time, laid out by him in purchasing in the securities granted or passed for such
debt or debts; and that the said treasurer should also, from time to time, retain and keep all
such interest-moneys as should become due and owing upon all such securities, sum and sums
of money, as he should from time to time so purchase in or pay off and discharge, and apply
the same, from time to time, to the further aid of the said sinking fund, in the same manner
as the sum of 2,000l. per annum, the first sum provided for said fund.
By the 14th section of the Act 49 Geo. III., the rates thereby granted are declared to be
only for the objects expressed in that section, and not to be subject to any deduction or per-
centage whatsoever, save for collecting the same; and are not to be deemed or taken as rates or
rents for supplying the inhabitants of Dublin with pipe-water, or for the sale thereof; and the
treasurer of the city is required by the same section to keep distinct and separate accounts of
the rates thereby granted, and to pay and apply the same in payment of interest, in laying down
metal-main and service pipes, and making additional alterations and improvements in these works.
With respect to keeping the separate accounts so directed of the metal-main rates, the late
treasurer of the corporation did not comply with this requisition for the first series of five years,
the pipe-water and metal-main accounts being blended. e
By the 15th section of the Act, the corporation was required, once in every year, to furnish
the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, to be laid before Parliament, with a distinct account of all
moneys received under that Act, and also under the recited Pipe-water Acts, and the
manner and way in which the same had been expended or received. But, from the passing of
the Act in 1809 until the year 1818, no such account as directed by this section 3 Mlaid before
/
Sinking Fund.
- * DUB LIN.
250 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
coRPORATE .
PROPERTY.
Charges made by
the Corporation on
the Pipe-water and
Metal-main Rates.
the Lord Lieutenant by the corporation. In that year, for the first time, eight accounts were.
laid before his Excellency, which were all transmitted to the commissioners of imprest accounts
at the same time, viz., on the 18th day of July, 1818, for audit and report.
The 18th section of the Act directs that if there should be any surplus of money received by
the corporation, under either the Metal-main Act or the Pipe-water Acts, more than should be
duly expended for the objects and purposes directed by these Acts, so often as the same should
exceed 500l., that such excess should be added to the sinking fund, and to the three sources
before provided in the 13th section of the Act.
The 17th section directs, that the metal-main rates should stand security for the principal
and interest moneys theretofore borrowed by the corporation, on credit of the pipe-water works
of the city, which, as we have seen, included large sums appropriated by the corporation to its
own use, under the alleged claim of rent before noticed.
The 21st section declared, that the recited Pipe-water Acts are not repealed by the Metal-main
Act: and the 22d enacted, that the Metal-main Act should continue in force until the sum of
67,800l., theretofore borrowed on the credit and under the powers of the Pipe Water Acts, and
32,200l. permitted to be borrowed by the Metal-main Act, were both discharged by means of
the sinking fund, and no longer. -
There were thus four distinct heads of provision made, to form the sinking fund to extinguish
the pipe-water debt of 67,800l. due on the passing the Metal-main Act, and the debt of 32,200l.
permitted to be created, and since created, under the powers of that Act, making together
100,000l. Three of these heads were certain in their effects, as to the time of extinguishing
the debts; and, if these alone had been applied for the purpose, the time of extinguishment was
precisely ascertainable. One, the fourth head, was contingent.
The first, by s. 13 of the Act, 2,000l. per annum out of metal-main rates.
The second, by same section,--such sum or sums of money directed to be retained by the
city treasurer as should be equal to the interest of such sum or sums of money as were per-
mitted to be borrowed by the Metal-main Act, making in the whole, when the last sum per-
mitted to be borrowed was borrowed, 32,200l. t
The third, by same section,-the amount of the interest of every sum or sums of money
aid off, from time to time, by the operation of the sinking fund, until the whole of the old
debt of 67,800l., and the new debt of 32,200l. (100,000l. in the whole), was extinguished.
The fourth, by the 16th section,-the surplus, if there should be any surplus, of the several
sum or sums of money to be raised by the corporation of Dublin, under the, Metal-main Act, or
the several Pipe-water Acts, more than should be duly expended by the corporation for the
objects of these several Acts, as the same should exceed the sum of 500l., such excess, from time
to time, to be also added to the sinking fund.
This last or fourth source for extinguishing the old and new debts was contingent; and it is
highly probable the Legislature did not expect that the sinking fund should ever receive any aid
from it. The aid was to be only on a contingency, which the Legislature seems to consider
doubtful—viz., that there should be any surplus whatever of either the pipe-water rates or rents,
or the metal-main rates or rents, remaining unexpended on the necessary works; but merely to
spur the corporation to lay out all rates or rents, except such parts as were specially appro-
priated to form a sinking fund, on the objects of the several Pipe-water Acts, and the Metal-main
Act—viz., the procuring an ample supply of water for the inhabitants of Dublin, and effecting
the several works necessary for the purpose.
The sinking fund, however, was unaided by this fourth or contingent source, not from the
operation of these causes, but from the corporation, who were the trustees of these revenues,
having diverted a great proportion of them to its own use, and to objects unconnected with the
special purposes for which they were expressly granted.
163. In the first place, they immediately increased the rent or tribute from the inhabitants of
Dublin, which the corporation had voted to itself in 1779, from 1,500l. a year to 2,500l. They
also increased the appointments of several of their officers out of these revenues; and the better to
effect the payment of these charges, and to continue as long as possible the Metal-main Act, which
was not to terminate till, by the operation of a sinking fund, 100,000l. was paid off, they not
only did not aid the sinking fund by the fourth contingent source before mentioned, but did not
even apply the whole of the three certain sources which were to effect the extinguishment of
this debt; for the sum or sums cqual to the interest of the sum or sums of money permitted to
be borrowed by the Metal-main Act, and directed by that Act to be retained by the city treasurer'
to aid the sinking fund, were not retained by him, or applied in aid of that fund, nor was any
sum of money whatever applied to the extinguishment of the debts for the first two years after
the Metal-main Act was passed.
It further appears that the lord mayor and city treasurer formerly received a poundage of
5 per cent on all sums, which was equally divided between them. Shortly after the passing
the statute of the 49 Geo. III., by Act of Assembly, for the purpose, as expressly stated, of
increasing the city revenues and lesseming expenses, the report of its committee for effecting
these purposes, made in the following words, was adopted:—
“Your committee are of opinion that it would be much for the advantage of the corporation
to pay the lord mayor the sum of 1,000l. and the city treasurer the sum of 1,000l., annually, to
be charged proportionably on the city and pipe-water funds, as salaries, in lieu of any claim
hereafter to be made for poundage or agency; that sum appearing less than the sums paid to
them for poundage on the average of the last four years.”
By the special provisions of the 49 Geo. III. s. 14, the rates or rents thereby granted are
not subject to any deduction or per-centage whatsoever, save for collecting the same: and the
sum of 32.2001, permitted to be borrowed by that Act being strictly appropriated, no pound ge
ought to have been taken out of these rates or rents, or the moneys borrowed under that Act.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 251 DUBLIN.
The pipe-water revenues never, in any of the eight years from 1809 to 1817, much exceeded º *
12,000l.; the substituting a salary of 1,000l. cannot, therefore, be justified on a principle of . tº
economy.
It is observable that the language of the order is, that a salary in lieu of poundage should
be proportionably charged on the city private fund and pipe-water fund, but we find that, in fact,
the salary has been charged equally on both funds.
For the first three years after passing the Metal-main Act in 1809, this poundage, or com-
muted salary granted in lieu of poundage, appeared to the corporation sufficient remuneration
for the services of its treasurer. In 1812, however, it thought proper to grant him, by Act of
Assembly, an additional salary, as an accountant, of 300l. per annum, which was then voted to
him, to be paid until September, 1815, but has since been discontinued. -
164. The eight accounts furnished by the corporation in the year 1818 having been, as stated, Report of Commis-
referred to the commissioners of imprest accounts, were investigated by that board, who made ºf Imprest.
their report on them on the 3d day of April, 1819. The Report was printed by order of the Accounts.
, House of Commons of the 8th June, 1819. In the above account of the pipe-water and metal-
#. rates, and the proceedings of the corporation, we have adopted the substance of that
eport. !
Acting on the principles stated in it, the commissioners disallowed the claim of the corpora-
tion to the rent of 2,500l. charged from 1809, but did not interfere with that of 1,500l. charged
from 1777 to 1809, conceiving that not to be within their power to determine on, as being
comprised in the old pipe-water debt recognised by the 49 Geo. III.
They further disallowed all sums received as for the salary of the lord mayor beyond the
actual amount of poundage on the old pipe-water rates, and also the sum of 300l. voted to the
treasurer as an accountant from 1812 to 1815.
With reference to some other charges for salaries, they reported, that, as by the Metal-main
Act considerable additional works were to be executed, the annual expense of labour was of
course greatly increased, that moderate additional salaries appeared to have been given to the
engineer, to two overseers of work, to the storekeeper, and two inspectors of turncocks, persons
immediately connected with the execution and superintendence of works, and they had therefore
allowed these increased salaries, and a commuted allowance, or salary of 200l. per annum, to the
town-clerks, in lieu of their professional fees or charges for their services rendered in the execu-
tion of the Pipe-water and Metal-main Acts, as it appeared to them that the average remu-
neration for certain services under the Pipe-water Acts amounted to 158/. 7s. 7d., and that it
was given in evidence to them, that the difference between that sum and 200l. per annum was
far short of what ought to have been paid for the additional and indispensable services of those
officers under the Metal-main Act.
The appropriation of the metal-main revenues, especially by the 14th section of the Act,
being very strict, the commissioners of imprest accounts doubted their powers of allowing the
foregoing increased salaries and commuted salary, and thought it right to consult the Attorney-
General on the subject, who was of opinion, that, “ though they were only authorized to allow
credit for the balance of the rates and rents specified in the Act of Parliament for expenditures
of laying down metal-main and service-pipes, or making the additional alterations and improve-
ments in the works referred to in the Act, exclusively of the collection of the rates and rents, yet
that it was his opinion, that the acts and services of all persons necessarily employed in or about
the doing of these Acts, to the execution of which the rates are appropriated, and without which
acts and services the purposes of the Act either could not be executed or properly executed,
must be reasonably remunerated and allowed for, as part of the necessary expenditure under the
Act, and that, therefore, if the dutics and services rendered were such as must necessarily have
been performed by some person, in order to a due execution of the works to be executed under
the Act of Parliament, that a compensation for these services, iſ moderate and reasonable, ought
to be allowed by them, if otherwise, not.”
Credits were given in the accounts, terminating September 1816 and 1817, for balances of in-
terest in an account current between the corporation and their treasurer, which they considered
inapplicable to the accounts, and therefore struck them off.
They further report, that it appeared to them, that the three ascertained sources of extin-
guishing the pipe-water and metal-main debts from the commencement of the account for the
first five years, terminating the 28th of September, 1814, ought to have reduced the debt
from 100,000l. to 80,000l., as appeared by the schedule, marked (A), annexed to their report,
whereas the debt was only reduced at that period to 95,700l., being 14,900l. less than ought
to have been discharged to that period.
They also report that, on the appointment of the then treasurer of the city in 1814, instead
of a debt which ought not to have amounted to more than 80,000l. he found a debt of
95,700l., but, in a certain degree, following the steps of his predecessors, he had only paid off
in the three years of his treasurership, from September, 1814, to September, 1817, the termi-
nation of the accounts, on which they reported, 9,000l. ; that, had the sinking fund been
properly applied as by law directed, the debt (unaided by the fourth or contingent source)
would have been only 64,600l. on the 28th September, 1817, whereas on that day it actually
amounted to 86,700l., being 22,100/; less than ought to have been discharged. The amount of
their disallowances on the eight accounts was 23,2617, 18s. 9%d, and the balance struck by
the commissioners in favour of the public on the last of the accounts was 25,610, 16s 6d.
They further stated, that, had the sinking fund been allowed to operate as it should, the
whole of the debt would have been extinguished in the year 1826, and that it was estimated
that fifty-six miles of metal mains would complete that one object of the Act, and that it
appeared to them that, on the 28th of September, 1817, eighteen miles, four furlongs, twenty-
three perches, and one yard only of those mains were laid. 2 M 2
DUBLIN.
252 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Resolutions of Com-
mittee of House of
Commons in 1823.
Information in
Chancery.
Four accounts of these revenues, from 1817 to 1821, were afterwards audited by the com-
missioners of imprest accounts, from which, also, they struck off all sums claimed on any
of the objectionable grounds already stated. . . . -
This subject formed part of the objects of inquiry of the Committee of the House of Com-
mons on the local taxation of the City of Dublin in the year 1823, and that Committee agreed
to the following resolutions:—
“Resolved, that it is inexpedient to examine witnesses respecting the pipe-water and metal-
main taxes; as it appears by the reports of the commissioners for auditing public accounts
that continued misapplications of public money are considered by the commissioners to have
occurred, and as the whole subject is fully set forth on the face of their reports.
“Resolved, that it is necessary, on the part of the public, that immediate P. should
be taken, at law, for the purpose of bringing this matter to a close, and ascertaining what sums
remained due on the foot of those accounts; and what right or title the corporation possess in
the pipe-water estates.”
165. Attempts were made to have a suit for those purposes instituted by Government, but,
the application proving unsuccessful, it was determined, by those inhabitants who had given
attention to the subject, to proceed with an information in the Court of Chancery against the
corporation; a fund was raised by public subscription to defray the expense, and the informa-
mation was accordingly filed by the Attorney-General, at the relation of certain persons, in
1823, and has been since vigorously and effectively prosecuted to a final decree in the House
of Lords, on the 1st of April, 1835.
Answer of the Cor-
poration.
The information stated in substance the matters we have above detailed, and that the rates
levied by the corporation from 1809 were abundantly sufficient to answer all the purposes of
the Metal-main Act and the other Acts therein recited, if properly applied; and, after
charging various defaults and misapplications of the funds, prayed, that the corporation might
be declared trustees of the rates and rents mentioned in the Act of the 49 Geo. III. for the
uses and purposes therein declared, and that the trusts thereof might be carried into execution;
it also prayed an account of those rates and rents—of the moneys borrowed under the Act, and
of the sinking fund, and money applied in payment of the interest and principal, as directed
by the provisions of the Act and the proper application of the balance.
The corporation put in their answer on the 10th February, 1824. They denied that they
were trustees of the rates, and claimed the watercourse and works, as well the ancient works as
those to be completed through the medium of the metal-main rates, to be their property,
unfettered by any trust whatsoever; and they submitted that the uses and purposes specified in
the Metal-main Act were not charitable uses.
They relied on the furnishing of the accounts to the lord-lieutenant, as directed by the Act,
as a bar to the jurisdiction of a Court of Equity, and objected to the disallowances made by the
commissioners of imprest accounts, insisting that the charges so disallowed were not improper
or unreasonable. -
The cause was heard before Lord Manners, on the 21st and 22d July, 1824, and his lord-
ship decreed, that the information should stand dismissed, with costs, for want of jurisdiction.
Decree of House of
Lords, 1827.
The relators appealed to the House of Lords against this decree, and it was reversed on the
11th May, 1827. The case is reported in the first volume of Mr. Bligh's New Series of
Reports of Cases in the Houses of Lords, p. 312. The following is the order made on this
OCC%lS1OI] ...—
166; “It is ordered and adjudged by the lords spiritual and temporal in Parliament assem-
bled, that the said decree complained of in the said appeal be and the same is hereby reversed.
And it is declared, that by the terms of the Act of Parliament of the forty-ninth year of the
reign of his late Majesty King George III., in the pleadings mentioned, and entitled ‘An Act
for the better supplying of the City of Dublin with Water, the respondents, the mayor, sheriffs,
commons, and citizens of Dublin, are bound to account for and apply the several rates and rents
in the said Act mentioned in the manner expressed in the said Act, so far as the said Act relates
to such rates and rents respectively. And it is further ordered, that it be referred to one of the
masters of the said Court of Chancery in Ireland to take an account of the sums of money
regeived by the said respondents, or by any person or persons by the order or for the use of the
said respondents, in each year, from the time of the passing of the said Act, for or in respect of
the rates and rents granted by the said Act, and of the application thereof respectively in each
year, and º of the expenses incurred by the said respondents in each year in making
reservoirs and laying cast-iron or metal-main and service-pipes, or other alterations and improve:
ments authorized by the said Act; and to state the balances of such account appearing at the
end of each year respectively; and also an account of all sums of money which the said
respondents borrowed at interest upon the credit of the rates and rents granted by the said
Act and by the Acts therein recited, and which were necessary for the purpose of making such
reservoirs and laying such cast-iron or metal-main and service-pipes; and also an account of
the several demises or mortgages of the said rents, or any parts thereof for such purposes, and
of the costs of such demises or mortgages, and to whom such demises or mortgages have been
made, and for what sum or sums respectively; and whether such sum or sums of money so
borrowed exceeded or fell short of the several sums authorized by the said Act to be borrowed
in the several years therein mentioned respectively. And it is further ordered, that the said
master do inquire and report the nature and particulars of the debt of 67,800l. in the said Act
mentioned, and to whom such was due, and how secured, and at what rate or rates of interest;
and whether a fund has been duly provided according to the directions of the said Act for
Fedeeming and discharging the same; and all such further sum and sums of money as have
been borrowed for the purposes and within the several periods authorized by the said Act; and
whether the treasurer and treasurers for the time being of the said respondents, the mayor,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 253
DUBLIN.
sheriffs, commons, and citizens of Dublin, have annually retained out of the rates or rents
granted by the said Act the sum of 2,000l., together with such sum and sums of money as would
be equal to the interest on all such sum and sums of money as have been borrowed under the
provisions of the said Act; and whether all such sum and sums of money, by the said Act directed
to be so retained, have been appropriated and applied as a sinking fund to pay off and discharge
the said sum of 67,800l., and all such other sum and sums of money as have been borrowed
under the provisions of said Act; and whether all such sum and sums of money so directed to
be retained and appropriated have been for such purpose laid out in purchasing securities
flºº or passed for the debt and debts in the said Act mentioned, or any of such debt or
ebts; and whether all such interest money as has become due and º on all the securities,
sum and sums of money so purchased in, paid off and discharged, has and have been applied in
aid of the said sinking fund, according to the directions of the said Act; or whether the whole
or any, and what parts or part, of . sum and sums of money have or has not been applied as
directed by the said Act, and how the same respectively have or has been applied. And it is
further ordered, that the said master do inquire and report whether the treasurer and treasurers
of the said respondents, the mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of Dublin, for the time being,
has or have kept such separate and distinct account, as directed by the said Act, of the receipts
and produce and amount of the rates and rents granted by the said Act, and received under and
by virtue thereof, and has or have paid and applied such part or balance thereof as from time to
time remained after retention of the several sum and sums of money directed to be otherwise
applied, as in the said Act mentioned, in payment of the interest from time to time due on the
money mentioned in the said Act to be then due, and owing or borrowed under the authority of
the said Act, and in laying down cast-iron or metal-main and service-pipes, or otherwise making
such additional alterations and improvements in the works in the said Act mentioned, and in
increasing the sinking fund created by the said Act; and whether any deduction has been made
from the said rates and rents, save for collecting the same; and, if any, what deduction, and on
what ground; and whether any surplus has been at any time or times, and when, received by the
said respondents, the mayor, sheriffs, commons, and citizens of Dublin, or on their account, more
than had been from time to time duly expended as directed by the said Act; and whether such
excess has at any time or times, and when, exceeded the sum of 500l. ; and whether such excess has
been from time to time added to the sinking fund created by the said Act, and paid and applied in
like manner as the said annual sum of 2,000l. is by the said Act directed to be applied; and whe-
ther the whole of the sum and sums of money due, as in the Act mentioned, and borrowed under
the authority of the said Act, has been fully paid and discharged; or whether any and what parts
or part thereof remain or remains due and owing, and to what amount, and why the same have or
has not been paid or discharged. And it is further ordered, that the said master do take an
account of the costs, charges, and expenses in preparing, drawing, obtaining, and passing the
said Act, and certify whether the same have been paid and ‘discharged, and when and in what
manner; or whether any and what parts or part thereof remain or remains due and unpaid, and
for what reason. And it is further ordered, that the said master do inquire and certify whether
the several additional works and improvements intended to be provided for by the said Act have
been completed, or whether any and which of such works and improvements have not been
completed, and why the same have not been completed, and what remains to be done in respect
thereof; and in case any of such works and improvements have not been completed, it is
further ordered, that the said respondents be at liberty to lay before the master such statement
as they may be advised to make respecting the same; and that the said court do all such things
as shall be necessary to carry this order and judgment into execution, reserving to the said court
the consideration of further directions, and the costs of the suit, till aſter the master shall have
made his report.”
The cause was accordingly proceeded in, and the accounts taken as directed by the decree of
the House of Lords; and, after a lengthened examination of witnesses, the master in the cause
made his report in the year 1831. We annex the following summary of the material findings
and schedules of this report:-
167. First Finding.—I find that the defendants, by their treasurer, received on account of
sums borrowed under 49 Geo. III. c. 80, in the year commencing 20th May, 1809, and ending
May, 1810, the following sums: viz. 7,200l. in September, 1809, and 5,000l. in February, 1810,
making 12,200l. And that shortly previous to passing said Act of 49 Geo. III., they raised on
the credit of the pipe-water rates 1,000l. and 10,000l., to enable them to erect two basins, and
to proceed with the other necessary works by said Act contemplated; and which sums I find they
had been applying to the erection of said basins and other works in said Act of 49 Geo. III.
mentioned. But foertify, that in proceeding to take the accounts directed, great difficulties have
arisen in ascertaining the exact balance properly chargeable against the defendants, at the com-
mencement of the Å. 49 Geo. III., as to the expenditures of said two sums of 1,000l. and
10,000l., both by reason of defendants having terminated their annual accounts in September, and
not in May, in each year; and also by reason of said decree not having authorized me to take an
account of the receipts and disbursements prior to the passing of said Act, and which it would
have been absolutely necessary to do for several years antecedent, in order to ascertain such
exact balance. It was agreed upon and consented to by both plaintiff and defendants, that
there remained on the 29th September, 1809, a sum of 4,021. 16s. 6d., in the hands of said
defendants, applicable to the execution of the works in said Act of 49 Geo. III. mentioned.
And it was also consented, that the accounts should commence on that day: and I therefore
find, that the said defendants, by their treasurer, had in their hands on said 29th September,
1809, the aforesaid sum of 4,021 l. 16s. 6d., to which I have added the sum of 12,200l. bor-
rowed as aforesaid, making together 16,221/. 16s. 6d. And I further find, that said defendants,
from said 29th September, 1809, to 20th May, 1810, applied out of said sum, in payment of
CORPORATE
PROPERTY,
Accounts taken
and Report.
PUBLIN.
254 REPORT FROM COMMISSIONERS ON .
*re-
, CORPORATE -
‘PROPERTY.
interest on the debt them due, and also in payment of costs of obtaining said Act, for filling
and preparing debentures or mortgages of said sums so borrowed, and in making reservoirs and
laying down cast-iron pipes, and other alterations and improvements authorized by said Act,
the sum of 9,385l. 11s. 2d. And I find that, after deducting same from said sum of
16,221/. 16s. 6d., there remained a balance in the hands of the treasurer of said defendants,
on the 20th May, 1810, amounting to 6,836l. 5s. 4d. on said metal-main account. And I
further certify, that though there is not any express direction in the aforesaid decree, to take
any particular account of the rents or expenditures of the pipe-water rates or rents as such; YET
.inasmuch as said Act of 49 Geo.III. c. 80, in the 15th section, enacts, that the said lord mayor,
sheriffs, commons, and citizens of the said city, do and shall, once in each year, furnish, or cause
to be furnished, unto the Lord Lieutenant, or other chief governor or governors, to be by him or
them laid before Parliament, a full, true, and distinct account of the Several sum and sums of
money received by them, or on their account, under and by virtue of said Act of 49 Geo. III.;
and also, under and by virtue of the several Acts therein recited, and of the manner and way in
which same have been paid, expended, and applied; and also, in and by the 16th section,
further enacted, that if there should be any surplus of the several sum and sums of money so
received by them, or for or on their account, under the said Act 49 Geo. III., or the said recited
Acts, more than shall be duly expended by them as in said Act before mentioned, then, and as
often as the same shall exceed 500l., such excess shall, from time to time, be added to the
sinking fund thereby created; and inasmuch as the said decree directs that I should inquire
whether any surplus had been at any time or times, and when, received by the said defendants,
or on their account, more than had been duly expended by them, as directed by said Act; and
whether such excess had, at any time or times, and when, exceeded the said sum of 500/.;
and whether such excess had been.from time to time added to the sinking fund, created by said
Act; I HAVE, for the purpose of COMRLYING with the directions of said decree, in relation to
such excess, and to ascertain said sinking fund, found it necessary also to take an account of
the receipts and expenditures of the pipe-water rates and rents in each year, since the passing
of the said Metal-main Act. And I find that there was chargeable against said defendants on
said 20th May, 1810, the sum of 3,296/.4s. 8d., being the balance of the pipe-water receipts
over the expenditure, to said 20th May, 1810, on foot of the pipe-water account (and which sum
I find was applicable to the purpose of carrying on the several works directed by said Act of
49 Geo. III. c. 80), the particulars of all which receipts and expenditures, both on foot of said
metal-main and pipe-water accounts, are respectively set forth in the lst and 2d schedules
hereunto annexed, and to which, as part of this my report, I beg leave to refer.
Second Finding.—I find that the said defendants, by their said treasurer, did, in the several
years, from the year commencing 20th May, 1810, and ending 20th May, 1827, both inclusive,
at which last-mentioned period it was consented and agreed upon as aforesaid, that said accounts
should terminate, receive the several sums of money following: that is to say—
In the year commencing 20th May, 1810, and ending 20th May, 1811, under the said Act
of 49 Geo. III., the several sums enumerated, making together 17,324!. 0s. 11d., and that
they applied 18,127. 1s. 10d., from which, having deducted said 17,324/. 0s. 11d. received,
there remained a balance of 803!. 0s. 11d., on foot of said metal-main accounts and dis-
bursements for said year, in favour of said defendants; and having deducted said balance of
803!. 0s. 11d. from the sum of 6,836!. 5s. 4d., being the balance of said metal-main receipts over
the disbursements, chargeable against said defendants on 20th May, 1810, as hereinbefore stated,
there remained on said 20th May, 1811, a sum of 6,033/.4s. 5d., chargeable against said
defendants on the metal-main account, applicable to the purposes of said Act of 49 Geo. III.
And I also find, that the treasurer of said defendants had in his hands, on said last-mentioned
day, 710l. 4s. 3d., being the balance of the pipe-water receipts, chargeable against them on
foot thereof, over and above expenditure, up to said 20th May, 1811; to which I have added
the aforesaid sum of 3,296l. 4s. 8d., being the balance of said pipe-water receipts and expendi-
tures for the preceding year, said sums making together 4,006l. 8s. 11d., applicable in like
manner as the aforesaid balance of 6,033l. 4s. 5d., to the purposes of said Act of 49 Geo. III.
Third Finding.—After giving the details of receipts and expenditures for the year ending
20th May, 1812, the master finds a balance of 2,377!. 1s. 73d, in favour of defendants, on the
metal-main account, and a balance of 7,446l. 15s. 1%d. against said defendants, on the pipe-
water account, applicable to the liquidation of the said sum of 2,377.l. 1s. 7%d, then in favour
of defendants on the metal-main account; and also applicable to the purposes of the said Act
of 49 Geo. III.
Fourth Finding.—After giving the details of the receipts and expenditures for the year
ending 20th May, 1813, the master finds a balance of 11.409/. 10s. 7d., including the said
balance of 2,377.l.. 13.7%d., for the year ending 20th May, 1812, in favour of defendants; and
a balance of 8,6521. 2s. 7d. against said defendants, on the pipe-water account, applicable to the
liquidation of the balance in favour of defendants on said metal-main account, so far as same
would extend. W
Fifth Finding.—After giving the details of receipts and expenditures for the year ending
20th May, 1814, the master finds a balance of 4,196.15s. 53d. against the said defendants, on
the metal-main account and disbursements; and that such balance being deducted from the
balance on this account of the preceding year, left a sum of 7,212, 15s.1%d. in favour of said
defendant, on the metal-main account. And the said master further finds the balance
chargeable against said defendants, on foot of the pipe-water account, including that of the
preceding year, of 13,931 l. 16s. 243, applicable to the liquidation of the aforesaid sum of
7,212!. 15s. 1%d.; and also to the purposes of the said Act of 49 Geo. III.
Miº Finding.—Gives the details and balances of each year, from 20th May, 1814, to 20th
ay, 1824.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 255
º
!
DUBf HM.
Part of Siath Finding—I find, that in the year commencing 20th May, 1824, and ending
20th M ay, 1825, the said defendants, as aforesaid, received sums amounting to 11,2837. 11s. 2d.
and applied sums amounting to 11,921. 24d., from which, having deducted the said receipts,
there remained a sum of 6371. 9s. 03d, in favour of said defendants; which, being added to the
balance of 9,751. 14s. 11d. in their favour, on foot of the preceding year's account, left a
balance of 10,389/. 3s. I lºd. in favour of said defendants, on foot of said metal-main receipts
and expenditure, to and for said 20th May, 1825. And I find that the balance chargeable
against said defendants, on foot of the pipe-water rates and expenditure for said year, endin
20th May, 1825, amounted to 5,752/. 8s.; which, being added to the balance of 55,731. 9s. 6d.
chargeable against them on foot of the preceding year's pipe-water account, made 61,4831, 17s.6d.
chargeable against said defendants, and applicable to the liquidation of the balance of 10,3892.
3s. 11%d., them in favour of said defendants, on foot of said metal-main account, to and for said
20th May, 1825; and which, being deducted, left a surplus balance on foot of both said rates of
51,094!. 13s.6%d., chargeable against said defendants, and applicable to the purposes mentioned
in the 13th and 16th sections of said Act of 49 Geo. III. ; the particulars of which said several
sums received and applied in each and every of said years, together with the balance for or
against the said defendants, at the end of each year, on foot of each of said respective rates and
rents, are set forth in the first and second schedules hereunto annexed, to which I refer.
Note—The before-mentioned balance of 51,094l. 13s.6%d, with its interest, having been
sufficient to pay off the debt of 100,000l., and left a balance of 1,536!. 3s.6%d. against
defendants after such discharge of said debt, the master took the account for the two
subsequent years of 1826 and 1827 separate and apart, it being, as in the previous part
of his report, consented between the parties in the cause that the accounts should stop on
the 20th May, 1827; and the balance found by the master's report for the said years
1826 and 1827 against the defendants is 14,986l. 9s. 53d., including the before-mentioned
balance of 1,536/.3s.6%d. Wide Fifteenth Finding of Master's Report, after given.
Seventh Finding.—Finds the sums borrowed by the defendants under the Act of 49 Geo. III.,
and the Acts therein recited, amounted to 32,200/.; and it also finds it was applied to the pur-
poses directed by the said Act, and that the said sum was secured by mortgages for 100, each,
issued under the seal of the corporation, and made payable to John Carleton, their treasurer;
and that the costs of same amounted to 4,0697. 19s. 2d.
Eighth Finding.—I further find that the mature and particulars of the debt of 67,800l., in
said decree mentioned, were as follows, viz. –That of 19,100l. raised in February, 1809, part
of said debt was alleged to be due to the corporation for arrears of an annual sum of
1,500l. appropriated by them pursuant to an Act of Assembly of the said corporation, made on
the 11th January, 1779; whereby it was resolved, “That for the future mo part of the pipe-
water revenue should be appropriated to any use, save the several uses of carrying on the works,
paying officers, &c., until they have discharged the several sums borrowed on the credit thereof,
except the sum of 1,500l. annually to be paid to the city treasurer for the use of the city, in part
compensation for the several sums expended by them previous to the late Act (meaning
15, 16 Geo. III. c. 34) upon the said works.” I find that 37,700l., other part of the said
debt, was raised at various times intermediate between the years 1776 and 1809, both inclusive,
and charged on the funds granted by the several former Acts of Parliament; but for what par-
ticular purpose same was raised I am unable to set forth, no evidence thereof having been laid
before me. And I find that the residue of said debt consisted of a sum of 11,000l., which I find
the said corporation raised in February, 1809, for the purpose of purchasing grounds for basins
and reservoirs, and for the expenses in forming them. And I find that all said sums were
secured by writings under the seal of the corporation, called debentures, and made payable to
the several persons, and for the several sums, mentioned in the fourth schedule. And I find
that the said debentures were originally issued to the several persons to whom they were
respectively made payable; but whether the said several sums thereby secured were actually
due to said several persons, or that full or any value was given for such of them as constituted
the aforesaid debt of 37,700l., of the application whereof no evidence was given, as before-
mentioned, does not appear by any evidence save the presumption arising from the several
debentures being entered in said debenture-book. And I find that the sum secured by each
debenture is now due to the holder thereof; said debentures being, under the 15, 16 Geo.III. made
transferable by endorsement.
Ninth Finding—I further find that a fund has not been provided, according to the directions
of the said Act of the 49 Geo.III., for redeeming and discharging the said debt of 67,800l., and
the said sum of 32,200l. borrowed as hereinbefore mentioned for the purpose and within the
several periods authorized by the said Act, save as to a sum of 25,500l. hereinafter more par-
ticularly mentioned and set out in the fifth schedule hereunto annexed. And I further find
that the treasurers of the said defendants have not annually, as directed by the said’Act, retained,
out of the rates and rents granted by the said Act, the sum of 2,000l., together with such
sum and sums of money as would be equal to the interest on all such sum and sums
of money as have been borrowed under the provisions of said Act, and have not kept
all such interest money as would become due and payable upon all such securitics, sum and
sums of money, as he or they ought to have purchased in or paid and discharged as directed by
said Act. And I therefore find the said defendants have not applied the same from time to time
to the further aid of the said sinking fund in said Act mentioned, in the same manner as the
said sum of 2,000l., and which sums, by them not applied as directed by said Act to be applied
in aid of said sinking ſund, amounted on the 20th day of May, 1825, to the sum of 74,500l.,
being the difference between the beſore and hereinbefore mentioned sum of 25,500/. and the
sum of 100,000l., to which sum said sinking ſund would on said last-mentioned day have
amounted, as appears by the second part of the eighth schedule hereunto annexed. And I find,
that of said sum of 74,500l., a part thereof, amounting to the sum of 24,941/. 10s., was applied
gº ag-sºº, º sº sº. * * * * ºf
º
[NBOPER:Fºº,
DUBLIN.
256 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
in payment of interest that accrued due on said debt of 100,000l., but which would not have so
accrued if the aforesaid directions of the said Act relative to said sinking fund had been complied
with; and that of the residue thereof, amounting to the sum of 49,558l. 10s., a part thereof,
amounting to 39,000l. 3s. 3d, was by them applied in manner specified in the sixth schedule
hereunto annexed; and to which I beg leave to refer, but for which I have not given them credit,
conceiving that they were not properly entitled thereto under said decretal order; but how or in
which manner the residue thereof, amounting to the sum of 10,558l. 6s. 9d., has been applied.
I am unable to set forth, no evidence thereof having been laid before me.
Tenth Finding—I further find that the several sum and sums of money, by the said Act
directed to be so retained, have not been so retained by the said defendants, nor have the
same been appropriated or applied as a sinking fund to pay off and discharge the sum of
67,800l., and the said other sum and sums of money, amounting to 32,200l., under the pro-
visions of the said Act; and that consequently the several sum . sums of money so directed to
be retained and appropriated have not been, as directed by the said Act, laid out in purchasing
in the securities granted or passed for the said debt and debts in the said Act mentioned, or
any such debt or debts. But I find that sums amounting to the sum of 25,500l., and specified
in the said fifth schedule, and which is the sum adverted to in a former part of this my Report,
have, in the years 1811, 1812, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, and 1821, been
applied in the purchasing in of certain of said securities, and for which sums I have given the
said defendants credit in the said first schedule to this my report annexed, and to which I beg
leave to refer.
Eleventh Finding.—I further find that no part of the interest money, which became due and
owing on all or any of the securities, sum and sums of money, so purchased and paid off as
aforesaid, have or had been applied in aid of the said sinking fund by the said corporation or
their said treasurer, according to the directions of the said Act.
Twelfth Finding—I further find that the treasurer of the said corporation did not keep
such separate and distinct accounts as directed by the said Act of the 49 Geo. III., of the
receipts, and produce, and amount of the rates and rents granted by the said Act, and received
under and by virtue thereof, from the passing of the said Act down to the 29th day of Sep-
tember, 1814; but I find that on the appointment of the defendant, Alderman William Henry
Archer, as treasurer to the said corporation, which took place in said year 1814, he commenced
to keep such separate accounts from said 29th day of September, and that he and the succeed-
ing treasurer have since continued to keep same, as directed by the said Act. And I find that,
inasmuch as the said treasurer did not retain the several sums as directed by the said Act, as
before stated, he had not at any time in his hands such ascertained excess as was thereby
contemplated, and therefore did not apply such excesses as the said Act directed should be
applied in the manner thereby directed; but I find that the said defendants did in fact, from
time to time, lay out and apply several sums in laying down cast-iron or metal-main and service-
pipes, and in making other additional works, to the amount as in my said first schedule is
particularly mentioned.
Thirteenth Finding—I further find that various deductions had been made by the said
corporation from the said rates or rents granted by the said Act of the 49 Geo. III. other than
for collecting the said rates or rents, and that said deductions are as follow ; that is to Say, sums
which they applied in payment of increased or additional salaries to officers and servants, salaries
to newly created officers, and in payment of salaries to superannuated officers, and their widows
and families, and such like purposes, all which are particularly specified in the seventh schedule
hereunto annexed, amounting in the whole to the sum of 14,6531. 7s. 2d.; and for which Sums,
though not admissible credits against the said metal-main rates, I have given them credit
against the pipe-water rates and rents, considering that the same were reasonable allowances,
and the plaintiffs not objecting thereto, and which credits are comprised in the said second
schedule to this my report annexed, and to which I beg leave to refer.
Fourteenth Finding.—I further find that of the sum of 67,800l. due, as in the said Act of the
49 Geo. III. mentioned, and the sums amounting to 32,200l., borrowed under the authority
of the said Act, and amounting together to the sum of 100,000l., only the sum of 25,500/. here.
inbefore mentioned, has been paid and discharged; and that the sum of 74,500l. of said debt
remains yet to be paid and discharged. And I find that the said debt of 100,000l. has not been
paid and discharged, by reason of the corporation not having retained and applied the several
sums granted by the said Act of 49 Geo. III. in the manner by said Act directed; but having
taken the aforesaid metal-main and pipe-water accounts in the manner directed by the said
Act, I THEREBY ASCERTAINED, and accordingly certify, that if the said defendants had complied
with the several provisions of the said Act of 49 Geo. III. in the manner thereby directed, as
set forth in the first part of the eighth schedule hereunto annexed, and to which I refer, they
would have had in their hands, in the several years hereinafter particularly mentioned, excesses
over and above the sum of 500l. (after the due expenditure) of both said rates and rents, pro-
perly applicable to the aforesaid sinking fund, and forming the fourth source provided by said
Act in aid of said fund, the several sums following; that is to say:—
In the year ending 20th May, 1815, a sum of £2,504
39 29 20th May, 1816, 22 4,160
39 59 20th May, 1817, 29 3,710
29 25 20th May, 1818, , 1,586
J9 39 20th May, 1819, , 1,044
Jy Jy 20th May, 1820, , 2,384
JJ 39 20th May, 1821, , 1,194
gº , 20th May, 1822, , 0,486
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND, 257 DUBLIN.
The particulars whereof I have set forth in the second part of the eighth schedule hereunto º
annexed, and to which I beg leave to refer; and I have thereby likewise ascertained, and certify, º
that by the operation of said sinking fund, if same had been duly provided and applied as
directed by said Act, the whole amount of said debt would have been fully paid off and
discharged upon the 25th day of March, in the year 1825. *
Fifteenth Finding—I further find that, although the debt and interest thereupon ought to
have been paid off and discharged, and that there ought to have been a balance of 1,536l. 3s.6%d.
in the hands of the treasurer of the said defendants, if they had applied the balance of
51,094!. 13s.6%d., set forth in the second schedule, from time to time as the same had accrued,
pursuant to the provisions of the said Act, as appears by the ninth schedule to this my Report
annexed; yet they continued to levy and receive the rates and rents granted by the said Act of
the 49 Geo. III. for two years longer, to the 20th of May, 1827. I have therefore, by the
consent of both parties as aforesaid, continued to take the account of both rates to and for
the said 20th May, 1827, as far as regards the receipts of both rates and expenditure upon
the works in said Act mentioned, and also upon the pipe-water works; and I find that
on foot of the said metal-main account there remained on said day a balance of 2,816l. 4s. 43d.
chargeable against the said defendants; and on foot of the said pipe-water account there remained
a balance in their hands of 12,1701. 5s. 1d., subject to the decision of the court, touching the
right of the defendants thereto, said two sums making a total of 14,906!. 9s. 53d, as appears by
the first part of the said eighth schedule hereunto annexed.
Sixteenth Finding.—I further find that the costs, charges, and expenses incurred in the pre-
paring, drawing, and passing the said Act of 49 Geo. III. amounted to the sum of 1,5991.7s.3d.,
and that the same had been paid and discharged by said defendants, or their treasurer, in the
year 1809; and I have accordingly given them credit for the same in the first schedule to this
my Report annexed, and to which I beg leave to refer.
Seventeenth Finding.—And I further certify, that the said defendants have failed to comply
with the provisions of said Act of 49 Geo. III. c. 80, so far as regards the liquidation of the debt
of 67,800l. and the sum of 32,200l. borrowed under the provisions thereof; yet I find that they
have fully complied with the provisions thereof, so far as regards the laying down metal-main
and cast-iron service pipes, inasmuch as I find that on the 30th day of March, 1823, they had
laid down metal-main pipes to the extent of thirty-two miles, five furlongs, and eleven perches;
from thence to 20th May, 1827, twenty-two miles, six furlongs, and thirty-two perches, making
on that day a total of fifty-five miles, four furlongs, and three perches; and that in the month
of June, 1827, the whole estimated length of fiſty-six miles was completed; at which period I
find they had remaining in their stores metal pipes sufficient to cover an extent of two miles,
three furlongs, and three perches, and for the cost of which they have got credit in the first
schedule hereunto annexed. And I further find that they have since laid down the whole of
said pipes as aforesaid remaining in their stores, and also additional pipes, making a quantity in
length of seven miles and thirty-five perches over and above the length originally estimated of
fifty-six miles, and which excess appears to have been rendered necessary by reason of the
iºs extent of the city, several new streets having been built thereon since the passing of
said Act. ~#-
The following are the most material parts of the Schedules annexed to the Report.
THE SIXTH SCHEDULE,
Containing an Account of the various Sums applied by the Defendants in the manner herein specified, for which they
have not got credit for the reasons assigned in said Report.
METAL-MAIN ACCOUNT.
£. s. d. £. S. d.
Payment to William Jameson, Accountant . e ... 109 4 () Brought forward e . 7,914 3 3
PIPE-WATER ACCOUNT. Rent of £2,500 per annum for the City JWater Course, viz.:-
Difference between Salary of #! per annum to ". Lord » £ S. d
Mayor and Treasurer, and the Poundage allowed in Second t : ,] ... º tº ºf e
jºi. ...” S £. s. d. One year to Midsummer, § ge e º ; } º
From Sept. 29, 1809, to May 20, 1810, one year 322 15 4 3 5 3 5 1813 g º o 2500 0 0
5 5 1810, 3 2 1811, , , 473 3 7 y 5 5 5 1814 º º º 3:00 0 0
2 3 1811, 3 5 1812, 2 40 l l 4 10 5 5 5 5 1815 e º o 3500 0 0
J } 1812, , , 1813, , , 467 13 6 5 y ... iśis . . . 2300 0 o
5 2. 1813, 5 y 1814, , , 42.5 16 6 5 5 5 5 1817 g & e 2300 0 0
3 2 1814, 9 3 1815, , , 375 3 5 j 3 5 y 1818 e º 2300 0 0
5 y 1815, 5 5 1816, , , 463 5 7 5 5. > y išić . º e 3.300 () ()
5 5 1816, 5 y 1817, 5 2 % : º º 1820 º º e 2,500 0 0
y 1817 5 y 1818, , , 530 1 '**'. * ify 5. " e • ?:
.. išić, 5 5 1819, , , 560 0 10 Half a year to December, 1820 . º . 1,250 0 0 26,250 0 0
5 5 1819, > 5 1820, , , 4S1 15 4 avy 4-
3 y 1820, 2 5 1821, , , 512 8 3 -
5 3 1821, 3 y 1822, , , 505 9 5 153 years interest, from 29th September, 1809, to 25th
2 3 1822, 3 5 1823, , , 558 11 3 March, 1825, on £5,200. Debentures issued beyond the
, 9 1823, > 2. 1824, , , 474 18 7 debt of £67,800 recognized by the 49th Geo. III, and
5 5 1824, y 5 1825, , , 422 17 () for the amount of which the Defendants have not given
7,443 13 0 credit to the public at £6 per cent. per annum . . 4,836 0 0
Four Perambulation Dinners © º e gº º 327 6. 3 -*.
Law Costs to Allen and Greene . º º º o 34 0 0 || Total Amount to 20th May, 1825 o o © . 39,000 3 3
Carry forward º Q . 7,914 3 3
2 N
TXUBLIN. 258
REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
are-
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Showing in one view the Receipts and Expenditures for and on acco
Geo. III. c. 80, and by the Acts therein recit
ABSTRACT OF THE EIGHTH SCHEDULE,
provided for the Expenditure on the Works, the Payment of the Debt of 67,800l.,
provisions of the said Act, with Interest which had accrued thereon.
unt of the Rates and Rents granted by the Act of 49
ed; and also showing the Balance in the Defendants' hands, after having
and 32,200l. borrowed under the


Total Receipts to 20th May, 1825.
356,087 18 8
356,087 18 8
Receipts. --- FXPENDITURE.
Balance in hand, 1– sinking Fund to lºº.
29 September, 1809. On Metal-Main g pay off Debt, uº. On Metal-Mai On Pipe-Wat
Sums borrowed peri Rates and Pipes º: º, as per 2nd part of º Stly §. {US {llll wº. ja
1st Schedule. l ºils 2nd Schodule. 8th Schedule. Schedule per lst Schedule. Schedule.
~& £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. if . s. d. ºis 㺠i g 4% ; 3.
From 29th Sept., 1809, to 20th May, 1810 | 16,221 16 6 . tº º 7,570 6 1 ge e 4, 9; : } 2
*** ***.*.*.* | *ś , , gº o 1, ſº iſ is 3:3: " || #|}}}}} . , 1%; ; ;
3y 1811, 53 išić good o 0 liot; 17 ii 12,359 is 10° 3,374 9 9 || 3:03 ||Zºº; , ; 1) # 39.9 12 .3
fº ſº
1812 iši; ſojº o 0 || 10.0% is 7 || 10,371 is 3 3,938 0 0 || 9,123 |13,886 14 § 9,666 .5 %
35 y 59 5 5 J r r: *
35 1813, 53 isiſ 2.36 g 7 ii.74% 'i 2, ii.916 4 10 || 4,412 Q 2 | }}} | {:}; ; ; ; ; ;
32 1814, sy 1815 tº º ii.303 A 7, 12,653 li 33 7,300 Q 9 || 4% 1933 14 ..., 7%. 3 #
39 1815, 55 1816 gº tº 10,410 13 6 || 10,984 13 5 9,244 0 0 || 4,369 767 7 10%| 7,010 7 3%
33 1816, 53 1817 & © 10,046 7 3 | 10,800 12 5 9,100 0 0 3,811 1,167 18 4%. 6,738 11 9
25 1817, 95 1818 tº gº 9,456 3 5 9,389 16 10}| 7,300 Q Q 3,265 | 1,828 16 3 6,421 7 10
35 1818, 95 1819 e Q Šii. 3 0 || 9,514 is gift 7,100 Q Q 3% #3; # 4, § 3 ;
52 1819, 35 T820 e G 9,930 2 6 || 10,378 10 11 8,800 0 0 || 2,401 2,700 12 24 6,370 2 9
53 1820, 5 y 1821 tº º 9,740 12 6 10,326 2 7 8,000 0 0 1 1,873 || 3,757 15 10%. 6,432 15 7
55 1821, 35 1822 & e 9,456 5 5 9,898 19 7} 7,700 Q Q 1,433 4,763 5 4 || 3,474 15 7;
55 1822, 55 1823 e 8,138 12 ll 9,326 0 10 7,646 0 0 || 1,050 4,233 12 6 5,082 6 2
| * 1823, 53 1824 gº º 10,441 18 6 10,584 17 5 8,078 0 0 3.9 9,259 0 0 5,219 12 4}
55 1824, j} 1825 © º ii.333 ii. 2 ii.306 in 2 5,276 0 0 || 265 || 7,880 & 2, 3,864 9 2
150,781 10 4, 169,048 2 2 100,000 0 0|51,042 |95,946 10 3 |107,564 4 8}
Received for Debentures * tº . 36,258 6 1
Ditto for Metal-Main Rates • * . 150,781 10 4}
Ditto for Pipe-Water Rates . ſº . 169,048 2 2% -
Interest on Debt . Q . 51,042 0 0
Bºº on Metal-Main 95,945 10 5
Ditto on Pipe-Water Works . 107,564 4 8%
354,551 15 13
Balance, being excess of Re-
ceipts over Expenditure. 1,536 3 63.
METAL-MAIN ACCOUNT.
PIPE-WATER ACCOUNT
Receipts. Ixpenditure. Receipts. Expenditure.
To bal R Def £. s. d. £. s. d, . f. s. d. f. s. d.
, To balance of Receipts in Defendants’ hands, being entirely
mººse 1,536 3 º -Q e e G tº dº
One Year, from 20th May, 1825, to the 20th May, 1826 . 11,268 9 3 || 9,152 5 4}|12,647 Z 2 5,649 8 0
Ditto, from 20th May, 1826, to 20th May, 1827 © . 10,195 0 10 || 11,031 3 10}|10,800 15 4 || 5,628 9 5
22,999 13 7} tº @ 23,448 2 6 e tº
By TotalExpenditure for Two Years, to 20th May, 1827 . & e 20,183 9 3 tº gº 11,277 17 5
To Balance, being Excess of Receipts to 20th May, 1827 . tº tº 2,816 4 4} g 12,170 5 1
22,999 13 7}|22,999 13 7}}23,448 2 6 23,448 2 6
To Balance, being Excess of Metal-Main Rates. . . 2,816 4 4}
Ditto Pipe-Water Rates . . . . 12,170 5 1
Ditto of both Rates to May, 1827 . . 14,986 9 5}
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. - 259 DUBLIN. '
—º
* * COREPORATE
- - PROPERTY,
w THE NINTH SCHEDULE,
Being a Comparative Statement of the First and Second Schedules of the accounts of Receipts and Expenditures of the
Metal-Main and Pipe-Water Rates, as proved by Defendants, with Result of Eighth Schedule, being Expenditure of
both said Rates, as the same should have been made. The Receipts being in each set of Schedules similar in amount,
and showing that if the balance of 51,094l. 13s.6%d. set forth in said Second Schedule had been properly applied pursuant
to the provisions of the Act of 49 Geo. III., the entire of the Debt of 100,000l., and the Interest thereon, should have
been paid on the 25th March, 1825, and have left a surplus of 1,536l. 8s. 6%d., and also showing the balance of both
said Rates to and for the 25th May, 1827. . -

Result according to the First and Second Schedules. Result according to the Seventh Schedule.
£. s. d. - - £. s. d.
To Balance in hands, 29th September, To amount of Receipts to 20th of May,
I809 . º º º º tº 4,021 16 6 1825, the same as stated in the first and
# Sums borrowed e • g . 32,236 9 7 second Schedules, as particularized at
Received for Metal-Main Rates to 20th - contra side . * tº e . 356,087 18 8
May, 1825 . º o º . 150,781 10 4} | .
- 187,039 16 5%
Received for Pipe-Water Rates to 20th
May, 1825 . º º ſº . 169,048 2 2
To amount, Total Receipts to 20th May,
1825 . tº e © . 356,087 18 84 356,087 IS 8
Eapenditure to the 20th May, 1825. Expenditure to the 20th May, 1825.
£. s. d. £. S. d. - #. s. d. £. s. d.
By Sinking Fund to re- By Sinking Fund Debt
deem Debt . . 25,500 0 0 redeemed . . 100,000 0 0
Interest on Debt . 75,983 10 0 t Interest on Debt till re-
Expenditure on Metal- deemed º . 51,042 0 0
Main Works . . 95,945 10 5 Expenditure on Metal-
Expenditure on Pipe- - Main Rates, per con-
Water Works. . 107,564 4 8, tra. sº 95,945 10 5
Expenditure on Pipe-
Water Works, per
Total of Expenditure to 20th May, 1825 304,993 5 I
- Contra . • . 107,564 4 8:
%
§
Balance of both Rates against the De- -
fendants to 20th May, 1825, agreeably ./ Total amount of Expenditure to 20th -
to 6th finding of foregoing Report .. 51,094 13 6; May, 1825 . • • . . . 354,551 15 13,
Balance of both Rates against the De-
fendants to 20th May, 1825, Debt and
Interest provided for agreeably to the
15th finding of the foregoing Report 1,536 3 6;
Receipts to 20th May, 1827. Receipts to 20th May, 1827.
3. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. S. d.
To Balance not brought By Balance brought for-
forward . º gº 0 0 0 ward . º . 1,536 3 6;
Received for Metal-Main Received for Metal-Main
Rates, two years . 21,463 10 I Rates . º . 21,463 10 1
Received for Pipe-Water Received for Pipe-Water
Rates . * . 23,448 2 6 Rates . e . 23,448 2 6
*-*-e - 44,911 12 7 g- 46,447 16 l;
Eapenditure. Eayenditure.
£. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £.. s. d.
By Interest on Debt of By Interest on Debt,
74,500l. for two years, none, it being re-
4,141/. . © . 8,282 0 0 deemed o º 0 0 ()
Expenditure on Metal- * Expenditure on Metal-
Main Works . . 20,183 9 3 Main Works, per
| Expenditure on Pipe- Contra . º . 20,183 9 3
Water Works . . 11,277 17 5 Expenditure on Pipe-
— 39,743 6 8 Water Works, per
Contra . º . 11,277 17 5
To Balance of both Rates against De- 31,461 6 S
fendants, for two years, to 20th May, -
1827, agreeably to the 6th finding of Balance of both Rates against the Defen-
the foregoing Report - © . 5,168 5 ll dants for two years to 20th May, 1827,
agreeably to the 15th finding of the
foregoing Report, of 2,816l. 4s. 4d.
and 12,1701, 5s. 1d., making . . 14,986 9 5%
2 N 2
DUBLIN.
260 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Decree thereon.
Pipe-water Rents;
Rate and Amount
thereof.
The defendants took several exceptions to this Report, the chief of which was to the dis-
allowance of the sum of 1,500l. a-year, claimed as for the rent of the works erected by the
corporation prior to the passing of the Act 15, 16 Geo. III. c. 24. The cause was heard
before the Master of the Rolls, when the several exceptions were overruled; and by the Decree
made on that hearing on the 7th July, 1831, it was declared that the metal-main tax ought
to have ceased on the 20th May, 1825; and it was ordered that the corporation should,
within six months, pay off and discharge the sum of 74,500l. (the amount of the pipe-water
debt then remaining due) to the holders of the securities or debentures for that sum ; and
the corporation were ordered to pay the relators the costs of the suit, as between solicitor
and client, except as to some charges made by the information, in support of which no
evidence had been given.
From this decree the corporation appealed to the House of Lords; and, shortly after the
decree had been pronounced, they endeavoured, in form, to comply with its direction to pay
off the debt of 74,000l. by a new issue of debentures on the security of the pipe-water rates;
an operation which, if successful, would have made the decree practically inoperative to the
relief of the citizens, being merely a substitution of a new debt, charged on the same funds,
for the old one which the decree had ordered to be discharged. An information was imme-
diately filed, in the name of the Attorney-general, to restrain the issue of such new deben-
tures, and an injunction accordingly was granted by the Master of the Rolls. w *
The appeal was finally heard in the House of Lords, and a decree made on the 1st April,
1835, by which the decree of the Master of the Rolls was affirmed with costs.
The results of these proceedings are, that the metal-main tax has altogether ceased, and
the debt of 74,000l., which ought to have been discharged out of that tax, must now be paid
by the corporation out of their general estates, and cannot be charged on the pipe-water
rents; and it appears to be established that the pipe-water works are held, and the rents
received, by the corporation as trustees for the public. -
The Pipe-water Rents are now rated and collected according to the following scale, being
that fixed by the statute 42 Geo. III. c. 90 (Loc. and Pers).
Irish Currency.
For every house paying less minister's money than 10s. “s . £0 10 0
25 55 , 10s. and less than 15s. . Q © . I 5 0
25 55 ,, 15s., or any greater sum o o . I 10 0
These rates are imposed on every house in a street in which a main has been laid down,
whether the inhabitants take a supply of water or not.
Manufacturers, and others requiring a supply of water for other than domestic purposes, are
charged annual rents, which vary from 10s. a-year to 12l., according to circumstances and the
quantity of the supply. This is regulated according to the number, and dimensions of the
pipes; and it is complained that the sums charged have been considerably increased of late
years. -
Under the 15, 16 Geo. III. c. 24, the jurisdiction of the corporation to levy the
pipe-water rents was limited to the city of Dublin. The subsequent statute, 19, 20
Geo. III. c. 13, extended this power by comprising “the city of Dublin, its liberties and
suburbs, and such parts of the county of Dublin as were contained within those limits.”
The 22d section of this latter Act recognises the title of the Earls of Meath, Lords of the
manor of Thomas Court and Donore, to part of the watercourse of the river Dodder, “be-
gimming at the place called the Tongue, which divides said watercourse between the liberty
and the city of Dublin.”
By the statute 28 Geo. III. c. 50, to remove all doubts as to the extent of the limits and
places intended to be comprised within the districts mentioned in the former Acts, the cor-
poration were empowered to extend their works, and lay down main-pipes in all parts of the
city of Dublin, and the suburbs thereof, lying within the Circular Road, except the liberties of
St. Sepulchre's, St. Thomas Court, and Donore; and the powers of the former Acts, as to the
levy of rates, &c., were declared to extend to those limits. The 6th section of the Act further
empowered the corporation at any time, on a petition from two-thirds of the inhabitants of
any street or lane in the liberty of St. Sepulchre's, to lay down pipes and convey water
thereto, and to enforce the payment on each house, in said street or lane, of the sum charge-
able on every house in the city of Dublin.
The corporation are empowered by 19, 20 Geo. III. c. 13, s. 16, in cases of houses not
rated for minister's money, to have them valued for pipe-water rent by sworn valuators
appointed by the corporation. There appears to have been much irregularity and uncertainty
in having valuations made under this power : it is now under the control of the supervisor.
There is not any limit to the period for which an arrear of pipe-water rent may be reco-
vered; and instances of arrears of this tax for several years being enforced from the occupier
which had been suffered to accrue during the occupation of former tenants, have been stated
to us. The exercise of the powers of the corporation in enforcing arrears in such cases has
been long a subject of just complaint; and there seems no reason for the distinction in this
respect between this and other city taxes.
The corporation may enforce payment of the pipe-water rents by distress, or may cut off
the supply of water. This power is given to them by the statute 19, 20 Geo. III. c. 13, s. 5.
The number of houses actually in charge for pipe-water rent was returned to us as being
12,832. It will be observed, on referring to the head of this Report relating to the new valua-
tion, that this is much less than the number of houses comprised in that valuation, the number
of the latter being 17,324. The difference is accounted for by the circumstances, that the
new valuation extends to the outer line of the Circular Road, while the corporation is limited
to places comprised within that road; and that every part of the city and liberties is com-
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 26I
DUBLIN.
prised in the new valuation, whereas the corporation can only levy rent in those places and
streets where their mains have been laid down. The number, 12,832, of houses paying pipe-
water rent are thus classed :— -
Houses paying the maximum rate of 11. 10s. . & º . 3,910
35 3.9 medium rate of ll. 5s. Q ſº • , g 4,045
55 55 minimum rate of 10s. * > © e . 4,877
making the total of the pipe-water rent as assessed 13,362. 15s. Irish, or 12,334l. 17s. present
currency. -
The following are the gross receipts of pipe-water rent for the seventeen years ending
June 24, 1832:—
1816 © O . # 1 1,442 5 0 1825 ve º . £12,147 0 10%
1817 © © . 10,398 13 4 1826 o $º . 11,437 1 2
1818 º © . 9,770 5 0 1827 © . . 11,771 4 7
1819 tº Q . IO,229 17 0 1828 Qe Q . 13,036 3 0}
1820 º º . . 10,387 13 0 1829 e 14,365 18 4%
1821 º º ... 10,394 16 6 1830 Q 13,385 7 0
1822 © º . 9,747 7 7 1831 tº º . 13,384 19 8
1823 wº o . 11,445 3 5 1832 º ſº . 13,951 14 2.
1824 © O . 12,244 3 2
These sums are in the late Irish currency.
The sums paid to the corporation by the commissioners of paving have been already
stated and explained in the preceding part of this Report which relates to that Board.
The Supply of Water to the rent-payers is but partially provided from the ancient water-
course. The deficiency was formerly met by water-works erected by the corporation at
Island Bridge, to raise the water of the Liffey; but these works have been long abandoned,
and the principal supplies of water are now furnished from the surplus waters of the Grand
and Royal Canals, under agreements made between the corporation and the directors of those
CORPORATE
| PROPERTY
Supply of Water.
navigations. These agreements are for limited terms of years; of that with the Grand Canal
Company, about thirty years are now unexpired; of that with the Royal Canal, about
thirty-three. For this supply the corporation pays to the Grand Canal Company the sum of
123 per cent. on the gross pipe-water revenue of the entire city, and to the Royal Canal
Company the sum of 15 per cent. on the gross produce of that revenue from the supply on
the north side of the Liffey. The agreements contain special provisions as to the mode and
quantity of the supplies.
There is not any complete map of the pipe-water works; the execution of such a map was
represented to us by the officers of the establishment as very desirable, and appears to be
essential to the proper conduct and regulation of the works. -
For the purpose of removing difficulties in the purchase of grounds proper for Basins or
reservoirs, which might furnish a better supply of water to the city and the liberties thereto
adjoining, the lord mayor, sheriffs, city treasurer, and senior master of the works of the city
for the time being, were, by the 33 Geo. III. c. 56, ss. 73–78, appointed commissioners for
making basins and reservoirs for the better supply of Dublin with pipe-water, and were incor-
porated with powers to lay out, where and in what manner such basins and the banks and
enclosures and premises appurtenant thereto, for management and preservation thereof, should
be made; to purchase lands adjoining the grand canal (as the commissioners of wide streets
might purchase by inquisition, &c.), to the extent of two acres, on the S.W., S.S.E., and N.
sides of Dublin, and to convey over their estate to the corporation of the city of Dublin, for
the use of the pipe-water works of the city and of the liberties thereto adjoining, that corpora-
tion discharging out of the pipe-water revenue the purchase-money and expenses.
By the 42 Geo. III. c. 92, ss. 20–23, 49 Geo. III. c. 80, ss. 18–20, these powers were
extended for the making or enlarging of basins or reservoirs on the S., and S.W., and S.E., and N.,
and N.E., and N.W. sides of the city, provided that the lands for each basin, &c., should not ex-
ceed two acres.
The Management of the details of the pipe-water estate, including the general superin-
tendence of the works, and the consideration of applications for reduction and abatements,
is vested in the Pipe-water Committee of the common-council, constituted as we have already
described: their time of meeting is weekly, on every Monday, but they do not always meet
each week. - -
We have already, in page 8, enumerated the officers specially connected with this esta-
blishment.
The functions of the Engineer are to lay out new works, and direct and superintend their
execution. He attends the committee on each day of meeting. The duties of this office are
not now considerable, from the complete state of the basins, mains, &c.; they were of much
importance in the designing and progress of the improvements made under the Metal-main
Act. The present engineer was elected in July, 1832; he was then one of the high sheriffs
of the city. He was an engineer and architect by profession.
The salary of this officer is 250l. of the late Irish currency, with an allowance of 25l. for
a house.
The Storekeeper is also Bookkeeper as to all matters connected with the stores and works.
His principal duty, in addition to the taking charge of the stores and materials, and keeping
accounts of them, is to prepare weekly bills of disbursements for wages, and other minor
expenditure, the amount of which he receives from the treasurer, and pays.
Basins.
Management and
Officers.
Pipe-water Com-
mittee.
Engineer.
Storekeeper and
Bookkeeper.
DUBLIN.
262 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Supervisor of Pipe-
water Revenue.
Overseer.
Inspector of Pipe-
water Collectors.
Collectors.
ºlor of Turn-
S.
. . coc
Expenditure,
Heads of.
First.—Rent and
Taxes.
The salary of this officer is 100l. of the late Irish currency, with an allowance of 25l. Bri-
tish for a house. -
The Supervisor keeps the books and accounts of the Pipe-water Revenue; these accounts are
very voluminous and laborious, there being, in fact, a separate account opened annually for
every house in charge for pipe-water rent. The accounts are balanced and closed after the
24th June in each year. This officer sees that the collectors have given the securities required
of them, and furnishes them with the books for collection. Each collector receives two books
of receipts containing fifty in each; these books, when all the receipts are given from them, are
returned to the supervisor, with a receipt from the city treasurer for the amount paid to the
Bank of Ireland by the collector. The supervisor ascertains the accuracy of the collector's
payments, by comparing this receipt with the aggregate of the sums appearing on the
collection books to have been received, deducting from the latter the per-centage allowed on
the sum collected; and by the same documents his office forms a check on the treasurer's
accounts. The supervisor also keeps books of account for each of the six districts of collec-
tion into which the city is divided ; and a duplicate book is kept for his district by each
collector. There are some minor details of business performed by this officer, but he does
not keep any accounts of the expenditure of the pipe-water revenue. The accounts of this
officer appeared to be kept with great care and scrupulous accuracy; they show for every
house supplied with pipe-water the charges on it, abatements and payments, and the arrears
due; and the present officer stated to us, that he could furnish for twenty or thirty years, if
required, the account of any particular house within the city. In a few instances, during our
inquiry, reference to these accounts became necessary for some years back, and the required
information was promptly supplied. -
This officer is also accountant to the corporation; his salary is 300l.
There were formerly two Overseers of the works, one for the north, the other for the south side
of the city; there is now but one. The business of this officer has diminished by the completion of
the works. His duties are to superintend the laying down and keeping in repair the mains and
pipes through the city, to obtain permission from the Paving Board to open the streets for those
purposes, and to see all works properly executed under the directions of the engineer.
His salary is 120l. of the late i. currency, and he has an annual allowance of 25l. of
the present currency for a house.
The office of Inspector of Pipe-water Collectors is a new office, instituted about the year
1825, upon the death of the late supervisor. There was at that period a large arrear of
pipe-water rent due, and it was considered expedient to appoint some person to see to its
being got in. Accordingly this office was instituted, and a member of the common-council
elected to it, at a salary of 2007, of the late Irish currency. It is alleged that the office was
designed to be merely temporary; as the gentleman appointed was not required to vacate his
seat as a member of the common-council, according to the regular course, in case of any
member of that body appointed to an office under the corporation. The office and the salary
are still continued. The duties appear to consist chiefly in the examination of memorials
preferred to the committee for remission or abatement of pipe-water rent, and reporting to
the committee thereon, and in reporting on any complaints made against the collectors,
It was stated by this officer, and by the supervisor, that their official duties so exclusively
engaged their time, that they could not attend to any other business. It was, however, ad-
mitted by both, that they attended occasionally on valuation juries, a duty which it appeared
in some weeks had occupied five days, between the hours of twelve and three o'clock each day.
The salary of the inspector of pipe-water collectors is 200l. of the late currency.
The functions of the Collectors of pipe-water rent are implied in the title of their office.
They are remunerated by a per-centage of 5l. per cent, on the collections. All the collectors
are stated to be freemen.
The duties of the Inspector of Turncocks are to attend to and redress all complaints of
defects or irregularity in the supplies of water to individuals, and to see that the persons em-
ployed in opening and closing the cocks attached to the mains perform that duty. These
persons are called turncocks; the regular number of them is six.
The salary of the inspector of turncocks is 110l. 15s. 4d. He is provided with apart-
ments in the City Assembly House, and has an allowance of coals.
The Expenditure of the pipe-water revenue is classed in the city treasurer's accounts
under the following heads:—
1. Rent and taxes.
2. Salaries.
3. Casual expenses and tradesmen's bills.
4. Weekly payments to the commissioners of paving.
* 5. Weekly payments made by the storekeeper.
The interest of the pipe-water debenture is, under the decrees in the metal-main suit already
stated, a charge on the general estates of the corporation.
The principal Rent paid by the pipe-water establishment is a sum of 100l. of the late currency,
charged by the corporation for a proportion of the rent of the City Assembly House, where the
business of the pipe-water committee has for some years been conducted; the entire rent paid
by the corporation for this holding is 150l. a-year. We have noticed the payment of 50l. a-
year by the lord mayor for the rent of the Court of Conscience, which is also part of the
holding, and the corporation, therefore, has such parts of the building as they require for
civic purposes rent-free.
The business of the pipe-water establishment was formerly conducted in a separate building,
for which they paid the rent of 100l. ; the change was made in the year 1810.
The other rents paid out of the pipe-water revenue are,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 263
DUBLIN.
f. s. d.
For the City Basin ....... 25 17 0
Basin Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 4
The taxes are those of the City Assembly House, which are charged by the corporation to
the pipe-water account.
The Salaries are those of the officers we have mentiomed, and a salary of 500l. a-year, of the
late currency, charged to this account for the lord mayor, as chairman of the pipe-water com-
mittee, and of 300l., of the present currency, to the city treasurer.
The head of Casual Expenses comprises the cost of materials for the works, printing, fees on
valuations of houses, and costs. The costs paid to the relators in the metal-main cause and
the costs of the corporation in that suit have been charged to this account; improperly, it
would seem, as the final decree in that cause has established that the pipe-water revenues are
mot chargeable with the debt, which has remained undischarged, in consequence of the mis-
application of the proper funds by the corporation. Those costs therefore should, we appre-
hend, be more properly charged to the corporate estate. & -
The Weekly Payments to the Commissioners of Paving are incidental to the laying down
and repair of the mains; being for the expenses of breaking up and replacing the pavement
on those occasions. They vary considerably; the average taken for a year appears to be
about 31, 5s. per week. The expense of laying down a pipe from the main pipes is defrayed
by the occupier of the house, to which it is laid; it varies between 21. and 37.
The weekly Payments by the Storekeeper average about 26l. per week. They are for sala-
ries and wages of turncocks, and other inferior officers and labourers employed in the works.
The interest of the pipe-water debentures is not now chargeable to this revenue; and the
only other Charges, besides those enumerated under the foregoing heads, are the per-centages
paid to the Grand and Royal Canal Companies.
Assuming, what seems conclusively established by the decree of the House of Lords, that
the corporation are only trustees of the pipe-water works and revenue for the public, it would
seem to us that considerable Reduction might be made in the Rates at which the water could
be supplied to the citizens. The following is a view of the me; revenue and specific charges
in this department for the year 1832, as we find them in the city treasurer's accounts:—
RECEIVED. PAID.
f'. s. d. £. s. d.
From Collectors. . 12,116 4 0 Rents and Taxes. . . . 165 7 8
From Commissioners of wi n Salaries . . . . 2,081 17 8
Paving . © 300 0 0 Casual Expenses and Trades-
From Commissioners for - men's Bills (exclusive of
Fountains . . . . 138 9 2; Costs of Metal-main Cause) 431 8 I
To Commissioners of Paving 169 10 2
Per Storekeeper . . . . . 1,376 19 10
Balance mixed up in the
other Accounts of the Cor-
poration . . . . . 8,329 9 94
12,554 13 24 12,554 13 2,
The balance of the account for 1833, on a similar calculation, is 8,75ll. 7s. 2d.
Thus it appears, that, without making any allowance for the reduction of expenditure
in salaries and otherwise, about two-thirds of the entire receipts are a clear profit over
the actual expenditure; and that the citizens of Dublin might be supplied, as they are at
present, with water, at one-third of the rates now collected, or, on the present number of
houses in charge, at an average of about 7s. per house. A witness, examined before us,
calculated the possible reduction to an average of 5s. ; but his calculation was founded on
the number of houses comprised in the new valuation.
The revenues of the corporation from rents, &c. and the pipe-water rents are consolidated
in the treasurer's annual accounts, made up to the 28th September in each year; this consoli-
dation has been made by authority of an Act of Assembly of the 25th August, 1828. The fol-
lowing are copies of these consolidated accounts for the five years ending September 28, 1834.
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Second.-Salaries.
Third.—CasualEx-
penses and Trades-
men’s Bills.
Fourth.-Weekly
Payments to the
Commissioners of
Paving.
I'fth.-Payments
by the Storekeeper.
Other Charges.
Possible Reduction
of the Rates.
General City Ac- ;
Counts.
DUBLIN.
264 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
ALDERMAN SIR JOHN KINGSTON JAMES, BART., IN ACCOUNT WITH
, Dr. Commencing 29th September, 1829,
- º 3. s. d.
To Amount borrowed from Sir John Kingston James, Bart., for the
payment of interest, &c. . . tº g o tº o . £6,000 0 0
Net amount of rents and arrears received, from 29th September, 1829, to 28th
September, 1830 cº * e , ſº gº c & tº © • • 14,160 l l 2
Cash received, redemption rent, ancient revenue, Nos. 18 and 19 . £10 0 0 • , .
Ditto ditto ditto No. 181. o • 15 0 0
*====== 25 0 0 .
Amount of capon money .. º © © tº © º ... 102 9 9
32 receiver's fees & º . . Ö * º * > . 178 10 1 1%
y? minister's money . to © o e tº Q . 60 18 2%
y 2 church cess . e sº ſº © g gº • 30 19 6
smsºmº 372 18 5
Slippage and anchorage © * > de © e © e © o * > 1,406 12 4
Freemen's fines, as returned by Messrs. Greene and Archer, town clerks, to
April, 1830 . g * . © © tº tº º © e c º 81 15 0
Received from the Right Hon. Jacob West, Lord Mayor, for rent of Court of
Conscience, ending September, 1831 . e & Cº. © G º © c 46 3 1
Received from collectors on pipe-water account * tº º O gº © 11,514 17 9
Ditto ditto metal-main account © º º o © e 825 17 7
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, &c. being per-centage on watering the streets 185 17 8%
Ditto ditto, for water supplied from fountains . º © e wº 138 9 2%
IDitto ditto, for repair of injury done to works in Cole's Lane . • & 9 18 3
Balance due Sir John Kingston James, Bart., City Treasurer, on 28th Sept. 1830. 2,217 5 10
f' 30,985 6 4

To
Commencing 29th September, 1830,
To Amount borrowed from Sir John Kingston James, Bart., for the
£6,000 0 0
1830, to 28th
payment of interest, &c. . tº tº g e * o
Net amount of rent and arrears received, from 29th September,
September, 1831 º e o gº • * * e e
Cash received on account of ancient revenue, No. 58 ejected .
Amount of capon money º e ſº tº º o ... ºf 90 16 3
5 y receiver's fees tº e ſº © a tº e . 182 0 2 .
92 minister's money . º * º gº º . 43 l 8 1
9 y church cess. º tº © wº . 21 12 13;
Slippage and anchorage º † e ſº Le « . tº Q G º
Cash from the Right Hon. Sir Robert Harly, Bart., Lord Mayor, for rent of the
Court of Conscience . • , º, tº e ſº e ſº wº © º
Received from collectors on pipe-water account º e © tº Q
Ditto ditto metal-main ditto tº º º © © wº
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, being per-centage on watering the streets
Ditto ditto for water supplied to fountains º
Ditto ditto of Wide Streets, being valuation of property in
Wine-Tavern Street Ç * > tº © wº tº º º • *
Balance due Sir John Kingston James, Bart., City Treasurer, on 28th Sept. 1831 .
:0
£. S. d.
13,933 7 3
50 0 0
338 6 8
1,248 l 10
46 3 1
12,556 14 1
214 5 1
332 6 11
207 13 93
688 12 4
1,949 0 1 1
31,564 Il 1 l;
Commencing 29th September, 1831,

Amount borrowed from Sir John Kingston James, Bart., for the
payment of interest, &c. . . . tº º
º * * f'6,000 0 0.
Net amount of rent and arrears received, from 29th September,
1831, to 28th
September, 1832 * > tº º ge © © i.e © e * gº
Amount of capon money tº sº g gº º © e . f. 92 2 3
55 receiver's fees o º º º º gº . 208 10 9
, minister’s money. w tº tº g tº & . 64 l l 10%
32 church cess º tº g º º º tº . 32 15 7%
Slippage and anchorage e tº © g © © © 1,421 9 3
Cash received from Alderman Tyndall, for repairs of Marshalsea 15 0 0
Casual revenue . © <> • o © {º gº º tº © &
Freemen's fines, as returned by Messrs. Greene and Archer, to
September, 1832 tº Q gº tº de e * c . f. 23 0 0
Sessions' fines, ditto, to August, 1832 . & gº . 28 0 0
*
Cash received from Right Hon. Sir T. Whelan, Lord Mayor, for rent of the Court
of Conscience . © tº * de * « » gº o º tº ſº
Sundry rents received as for the last year ſº * ſº o wº © º
Cash received from J. Smith, A. Rev. 239, a fine on reversionary lease £30 0 0
Ditto ditto T. Walker, All Hallows, 118, ditto . . T 00 0 0
Ditto ditto from collectors, on pipe-water account, includ-
ing £3. 1s. 9d. from Mr. Sherrard tº e tº e º o e ©
Cash received from Commissioners of Paving, being per-centage for watering the
streets, to 5th April, 1832 . tº e i.e. * & º o e
Cash received from ditto, for water supplied to fountains, to 25th March, 1832 .
Balance due Treasurer, 28th September, 1832 . © tº º Q © ©
f
£. s. d.
13,902 2 5%
398 0 6
|
1,436 9 3
598 0 8
61 0 0
46 3 1
496 8 1
130 0 0
12,116 4 0
300 0 0
138 9 2%
4,012 3 0
33,635 0 3
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 265 DUBLIN.
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
THE HONOURABLE THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. \ º
and ending 28th September, 1830. Cr.
£. s. d.
By Balance due Sir John Kingston James, Bart., per last auditor's report . e Q 502 l 6%
Cash paid to the Lord Mayor for capons . - º e º e e º 102 9 9
Amount returned by Messrs. Greene and Archer, as paid by them, to April, 1830 . 33 17 9
Cash paid interest and tontine © º º o º º e º . I 0,960 16 0
Ditto on account of slippage and anchorage . . . . . . 1,592 8 10%
Ditto rents and taxes . . . . . . . . . . 397 12 7%
Ditto salaries, city officers tº * > © o º º º º Q 1,330 7 3
Ditto casual expenses and tradesmen's bills o © © e e e 2,157 2 9
Ditto interest on pipe water debentures . • • -> o o o 4,195 16 6
Ditto rents and taxes, pipe water account . tº o e © © © 171 0 7
Ditto salaries ditto . º º Ç º tº © º 2,396 2 3
Ditto casual expenses and tradesmen's bills, pipe water account . º tº 2,746 11 2%
Ditto commissioners of paving, weekly bills o e º © o © 200 12 2
Ditto storekeeper's weekly bills, pipe water. º o © © e º 836 19 9
Ditto Mr. Wood’s balance of works at James's-street basin . © © o 864 15 5
Ditto Grand Canal Company, 12% per cent. on gross revenue, to 24th June,
l 829 . º * º º e º º gº º © º © 1,657 12 1
Ditto Royal Canal Company, 15 per cent. on north side, to 24th June, 1829 . 838 19 10
36|| 30,985 6 4
and ending 28th September, 1831.
By Balance due Sir John Kingston James, Bart., per last auditor's report. © ſº 2,217 5 10
Cash paid Lord Mayor for capons . © Ǻ º º © Ç e © 90 16 3%
Ditto interest and tontine º º © © e º sº º . 11,426 14 9
Ditto slippage and anchorage . o o e e º e e º 1,248 l 10
Ditto for two city debentures; Nos. 783 and 1325, leaving £566. 18s. 10d. in
favour of liquidation account . * > e & tº º e o o 156 6 8
Ditto rents and taxes on city account . © & © © * > º e 375 2 5
Ditto salaries, city officers. © © º o º © e º ſº 1,144 1 7%
Ditto casual expenses and tradesmen’s bills. º º º º º c 2,330 19 10
Ditto interest on pipe water debentures . © º º º © *> 4,154 5 4
Ditto rents and taxes, pipe water account . o o © © e © 165 9 6
Ditto salaries ditto © o o -> e º º 1,769 2 1
Ditto casual expenses ditto o º © º e e e 1,640 3 8
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, weekly bills © © ºp tº © o 123 19 53
Ditto storekeeper's ditto º © e tº O © 741 13 l 1
Ditto Grand Canal, 12% per cent on gross revenue to 24th June, 1830 . º 1,544 9 3
Ditto ditto on watering streets, to 5th April, 1831 . o º º 41 1 0 1 1
Ditto Royal Canal, 15 per cent. on north side, to 24th June, 1830 . º e 787 15 l ()
Ditto ditto 15 per cent. on watering tax, to 5th April, 1831. º e 25 8 6
Ditto interest on deferred warrants, due 31st December, 1831 º e o 278 6 3
Ditto principal and interest on deferred warrants, payable 31st December, 1831 1,302 18 0
if 31,564 l l l l;
and ending 28th September, 1832. Z
By Balance due Sir John Kingston James, Bart., per last auditor's report . © © 1,949 0 11
Cash paid Right Hon. Sir T. Whelan, Lord Mayor, for capons . & º º 92 2 3
Ditto interest and tontine e e © º o º « » º . 10,868 l l 2
Ditto slippage and anchorage . º © e º © e º © 1,436 9 3
Ditto for city debentures, Nos. 716, 781, 2072, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, and
2185, leaving in favour of liquidation account £63. 18s. 6d. . Q e º 623 0 4
Ditto rent and taxes, city account . º ſº © º * > cº º 391 || 5 3
Ditto salaries ditto sº © º e © Q • º 1,061 18 7%
Ditto Messrs. Greene and Archer, on account of sundries, as per Act of
Assembly e º © º e o e º º © º <> 61 0 ()
Ditto casual expenses and tradesmen's bills o º o o e e 1,560 2 1
Ditto interest on deferred warrants, due 31st December, 1831 º © & 264 7 5
Ditto principal and interest on ditto . e © º º º º º 1,218 2 6
Ditto interest on pipe water debentures, &c. tº ge º © º o 3,103 13 1?
Ditto rents and taxes, pipe water account . e © O Ç © -> 165 7 8
Ditto salaries ditto © Q o -> « » º e 2,081 17 8
Ditto casual expenses and tradesmen's bills © sº º º e © 4,879 2 4
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, weekly bills . e º º © © 169 10 2
Ditto Storekeeper's ditto º o © & º º 1,376 19 10
Ditto Grand Canal, 12% per cent. on gross revenue, to 24th June, 1831 . o 1,544 8 5
Ditto Royal Canal, 15 per cent. on north side . © © © e o 787 11 3
*-* $| 33,635 0 3
M 2 O

DUBLIN,
REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
266
ToonFor AT;
PROPERTY,
^.
ALDERMAN SIR JOHN KINGSTON JAMES, BART., IN ACCOUNT WITH THE
To
Dr. Commencing 29th September, 1832,
3. s. d. ,
To Amount hitherto borrowed from Sir John Kingston James, Bart., for payment of
interest * . © tº © tº º gº G sº & sº C 6,000 0 0
Nett amount of rents and arrears . dº º sº © o © * g 13,360 5 9
Amount of capon money . . º cº gº gº tº º ... ºf 89 13 1
22 receiver's fees . o © tº sº * * . 184 0 10%
9), ministers' money . © * > ſº C \º © . 39 l 0 9%
23 church cess o o gº º © cº º - 20 0 7
* =s=} 333 5 4
T Slippage and anchorage tº © © º ©º º :^ 1,344 l l 2
Cash received from Sir E. Nugent, for Marshalsea . © • 15 0 0 *
* gººmsºmºmºsºs 1,359 11 2
Sundry rents, as and for last year ve tº º & Cº. Yº ſº tº 438 13 2
Casual revenue tº wº tº © • º C * > e lo & 10,102 2 11
Cash from Lord Mayor (Archer), for Rent of Court of Conscience . º tº 46 3 1
Ditto collectors on pipe water account . Q ºz o * *º & 11,188 l 0
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, per-centage on watering, to 5th April, 1833 . 300 0 0
Ditto ditto for supply to fountains, to March, 1833. © º C ſº 138 9 2%
f 43,266 11 7%
Commencing 29th September, 1833,

Balance due by Sir John Kingston James, Bart, treasurer, 28th September, 1833 5,268 16 10%
Net amount of rent and arrears . gº ſº g tº & º sº 13,502 7 5%
Amount of capon money . . . tº tº º tº tº ... ſº 90 3 11
32 receiver's fees e º gº Q g º º - 183 l l 6 |
92 ministers’ money. º tº © © © g . 33 12 7
92 church cess. gº * e tº sº <> © • 17 l 5
- snº=s* { 324 9 5
Slippage and anchorage ſº © tº © tº * @ 4 a 1,262 4 4
Cash from Alderman Montgomery, for Marshalsea . sº e • 15 0 0
*sº 1,277 4 4
Sundry rents received as and for the last year . . . º A- « » tº Ö. 55] 19 |
Casual revenue . * > & iº © tº & tº tº © tº tº 5,000 0 0
Cash from Right Hon. Sir George Whiteford, Lord Mayor, for rent of the Court
of Conscience, to September, 1835. . Q tº º tº & º gº 46 3 1
Ditto from collectors on pipe water account . o º * > * & º 11,937 3 9
Ditto from the Commissioners of Paving, &c., per centage on water supplied to
streets, to 5th April, 1834 . e te gº * > Qº e tº o tº 300 0 0
Ditto for supply to fountains, to 25th March, 1834 . te & a • gº 138 9 2}
if 38,346 13 2}
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 267 DUBLIN.
CQRPORATE
- - - • . . . —T- PRQPERTY.
HONOURABLE THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN–continued. - .
and ending 28th September, 1833. Cº.
}
: e £. s. d.
By Balance due Sir John Kingston James, Bart., per last auditor's report . © & 4,012 3 0
Cash paid Lord Mayor (Archer) for capons & o e © © © • I 89 13 1
Ditto interest and tontine, city account º tº º AA © sº . 10,949 14 3%
Ditto one year's interest on Powel's legacy . º 6 © AP * º 36 18 6
Ditto slippage and anchorage' . º • * º e G o • | 1,354 l l 2
Ditto repayment of sum borrowed from Treasurer © º © gº <> 6,000 0 0
Ditto rent and taxes, city account . . . 4 × o © AP ſº 438 7 7%
Ditto salaries . º tº e © O º & & Aº & © 1,892 7 0}
Ditto casual and law expenses o © © º º ..º © sº 3,179 5 4%
Ditto principal and interest on deferred warrants, due 31st December, 1832 . 1,734 4 10
Ditto interest on ditto © © © o º º º © & º 258 16 2
Ditto ditto on pipe water debentures . © © © sº © o © 1,939 6 13
Ditto rents and taxes, pipe water account . tº & g <> & º 169 8 6%
Ditto salaries, ditto . © e © 49 e -p *. © º º 1,169 6 0
Ditto casual and law expenses, ditto . … e º Aº Ot 9. 42 1,314 18 4
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, weekly bills . gº tº … 4- © 190 1 1
Ditto Storekeeper's ditto . e . . e º º 4-2 © o 836 9 1
Ditto Grand Canal, 12% per cent. on gross revenue, to 24th June, 1832 . •, 1,609 16 3
Ditto Royal ditto, 15 per cent. on north side, to 24th June, 1832 . º 42 822 8 3
Balance due on this account, including £73, 18s. 6d. in favour of liquidation
account . O O © © 40 * © © $2 © gº o 5,268 16 10%
f 43,266 11 7%
and ending 28th September, 1834.
By Cash paid Right Hon. Sir George Whiteford, Lord Mayor, for capon money • e 90 3 ] I
- Ditto interest and tontine . • & . . & « » o º º 11,122 8 6}
Ditto one year's interest on Powel's Legacy. º © tº © © ę 36 18 6
Ditto slippage and anchorage . º º a º º © • © 1,272 4 4
Ditto rents and taxes • e © © º º O © o 49 448 12 2
Ditto salaries . © © e © & C º º º º & 2, 182 4 5
Ditto casual and law expenses . e © 4- º º © e © 4,613 13 9%
- Ditto principal and interest on deferred warrants, due 31st December, 1833 . 1,484 1 l 9
Ditto interest on ditto • , . . . º © º tº © ſº © 232 1 3
Ditto ditto on pipe water debentures . © o ._º © © 40 1,600 16 0}
Ditto rents and taxes, pipe water account . e e Aft * s © 190 1 2
Ditto salaries ditto © e © .º. * o . 2,850 4 3 i
Ditto casual and law expenses ditto © o Q o e e 488 15 3
Ditto Commissioners of Paving, weekly bills e gº e e o 42 142 8 7
Ditto Pipe water Storekeeper's ditto © .C. º º © © 929 0 1 0
Ditto Grand Canal, 124 per cent. on gross revenue, to June, 1833 . º e 1,564 19 2
Ditto per centage on watering streets, to 5th April, 1833 . o * O 96 8 10
i Ditto Royal Canal, 15 per cent. on north side, to 24th June, 1833 . dº e 801 8 10
º Ditto per-centage on watering streets, to 5th April, 1833 . . & © « » 60 3 0
| By Balance in hand, including £73. 18s. 6d. on liquidation account . º {2 . 8,139 8 7
39 38,346 13 2}
2 O 2
**~ * - .
268 REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
DUBLIN.
**-m-
CORPORATE
PROPERTY.
Accounts, how
kept.,
PATRONAGE.
Mansion House.
Incorporated
Guilds. Manorial
Jurisdictions.
The balance in the treasurer's hands on this last account considerably exceeds the amount
of the security given by that officer.
It is obvious, from inspection of these accounts, that in the last five years the expenditure
of the corporation has exceeded the income, and has rendered it necessary to issue a consider-
able portion of the debentures provided for by the second deed of trust. The balance stated
to be in hand in September 1834 must, in fact, be considered as merely signifying so much
of these debentures or of the proceeds of them. Had the debentures not been issued, the
corporation would have been, on all the payments entered on the credit side of these accounts,
indebted to the treasurer in the sum of £8,860. 11s. 5d. ;
The deferred warrants mentioned in the accounts constitute a portion of the debts of the
corporation; they are orders on the treasurer for payment of sums due to their officers at
specific dates, more or less remote. * † -
The Accounts of the corporate estate and pipe water revenue are kept by the city treasurer
and the accountant, and are annually audited by a committee of the common-council, after
which they are printed and distributed to the members of that body. They are not published
in the newspapers or generally circulated among the freemen.
. The present system adopted in keeping the accounts is founded on a report of the Finance
Committee made in August 1828, and appears well calculated, in the hands of efficient officers,
to secure accuracy in the accounts, and prevent misapplication of the corporate funds.
That report recommended certain rules and regulations for the future government of the
treasurer's department, which were .# adopted by the common-council, and are now
observed by that officer. The principal regulations are,
That the accountant of the pipe water establishment is to be likewise the accountant for all
the other revenue belonging to the corporation.
That he should check the treasurer's accounts, and show that all moneys received on the
corporation account are regularly lodged to their credit in the Bank of Ireland; that no money
is drawn from their account except for corporate purposes, and previously sanctioned by acts
of assembly; and that the balance to their credit in the Bank of Ireland, at all times, agrees
with the balance chargeable against the treasurer.
That he should keep a book whereby the corporation should be at all times enabled to see
the disposable balance in the hands of the treasurer, the funds likely to be shortly available,
and the demands that exist against the said balance and funds.
The remaining regulations are more minute; they relate to the particular accounts to be
furnished by the treasurer and accountant to the corporation, and to the mode of keeping and
balancing the accounts weekly by those respective officers, and the distribution of receipts to
the collectors. - - -
We have not had evidence of the detection of any defalcation or error in the treasurer's
accounts since the failure of the treasurer in the year 1814.
In the inquisition finding the possessions of the dissolved monastery of Allhallows, which
were granted to the city, several ecclesiastical rights of presentation are found to have been
in the gift of that religious house. At present the only livings known to be in the gift of the
corporation are those of Rathdrum, in the county of Wicklow ; Taghadoe, in the county of
Kildare; Rathmacnee, in the county of Wexford; and Drumcondra, in the county of Dublin.
The following are the ecclesiastical possessions found by the inquisition to have belonged to
the monastery, and to have been granted by the letters patent of Henry VIII. to the corpo-
ration:— -
The rectories of Ballycullan; Clogheranhide; St. George, Dublin; Clontorke; the grange
of Baldowill (Baldoyle); of the Holy Saviour, in Glandelagh; Rathdromin and Killagh, with
the appurtenances, in the county of Dublin; the rectory of Taghdow, in the county of Kildare;
the rectory of Rathmany, with the appurtenances, in the county of Wexford; and the rectory
of Rathbarry, with the appurtenances, in the county of Cork.
The next presentation to the living of Rathdrum was sold by the corporation some years
since for £3,000. The present incumbent was presented under that purchase.
The Mansion House is a considerable building, the property of the corporation, appropriated
to the residence of the lord mayor during his year of office. It is kept in repair and furnished
out of the fund called the Junior Aldermen’s Fund, already alluded to in our account of the
election of aldermen : the taxes imposed on it are defrayed by the corporation.
We subjoin in an Appendix two separate Reports; the first on the several incorporated
Guilds of the city; the second on the adjacent Manorial Jurisdictions.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND, 269
DUBLIN.
A P P E N D I X.
APPENDIX I.
GUILDS.
1. THERE are in the city of Dublin twenty-five minor Corporations or Guilds, which, although
connected with the corporation at large, are constituted by distinct charters, and governed by
officers of their own appointment. In the following list, these corporations are enumerated in
the order of precedence of their representatives in the common-council of the corporation at
large:– -
larg . Merchants or Guild of the Holy Trinity.
. Tailors, or Guild of St. John Baptist.
Smiths, or Guild of St. Loy.
Barber-Surgeons, or Guild of St. Mary Magdalen.
. Bakers, or Guild of St. Anne.
. Butchers, or Guild of the Virgin Mary.
. Carpenters, Millers, Masons and Tylers, or Guild of the fraternity of the blessed Virgin
Mary, of the house of St. Thomas the Martyr.
. Shoemakers, or Guild of the blessed Virgin Mary.
. Saddlers, Upholders, Coach and Coach-Harness Makers, &c., or Guild of the blessed
Virgin Mary. -
10. Cooks, or Guild of St. James the Apostle.
11. Tanners.
12. Tallow Chandlers, or Guild of St. George.
13. Glovers and Skinners, or Guild of St. Mary.
14. Weavers, or Guild of St. Philip and James.
15. Shearmen and Dyers, or Guild of St. Nicholas.
16. Goldsmiths, or Guild of All Saints.
17. Coopers, or Guild of St. Patrick's near Dublin.
18. Felt Makers. *
19. Cutlers, Painters, Paper Stainers, and Stationers, or Guild of St. Luke the Evangelist.
20. Bricklayers and Plasterers, or Guild of St. Bartholomew. \
21. Hosiers, or Guild of St. George.
22. Curriers.
23. Brewers and Malsters, or Guild of St. Andrew.
24. Joiners, Coylers, and Wainscotters.
25. Apothecaries.
First in importance, as in station, is the Guild of Merchants. It is a very ancient guild,
and by some of its officers is supposed to have existed by prescription. The earliest known
Charter relating to it is one of King Henry VI., and bears date the 30th day of June, in the 29th
year of his reign (A.D. 1451). This charter ordained that certain persons therein mentioned
should be “a Fraternity or Guild of the Art of Merchants of the City of Dublin,” by the name
of “the Masters and Wardens of the Fraternity or Guild of the Holy Trinity of Dublin.” It
empowered the brethren to elect, in every year, two masters and two wardens from amongst
themselves, to have the government and supervision of the guild, and the guardianship of its
property. It further ordained “that no foreigner should buy in retail, or in gross, within the
said city, or within the suburbs or franchises of the same, any merchandise, except from the
merchants of the city, dwelling within the city or its suburbs; and it enabled the masters and
wardens, on conviction, to commit, under the common seal of the guild, to the city prison, such
foreigners as should be found offending, to be detained there until delivered by the warrant of
the masters and wardens. -
Queen Elizabeth, by a charter bearing date the 14th day of October, in the 19th year of
her reign, (A.D. 1577,) inspected and confirmed the foregoing charter, and granted that the
guild might be “one body corporate, and one perpetual community of itself for ever, by the name
of the Masters, Wardens, Brethren, and Sisters of the Fraternity or Guild of the Holy Trinity,
Dublin,” and conferred upon the guild the power of purchasing lands, licence for putting
lands into mortmain being first thereunto had. It ordained that the members of the guild
only should have the power of buying and selling in gross, or by retail, all and singular merchan-
disewhatsoever (all manner of victuals only excepted) which in future might happen to be brought
into the city, suburbs, liberties, or franchises of the city of Dublin, or into the limits, bounds,
circuit, or precincts of any of them, as well by sea, as by land; and that no foreigner, stranger
merchant, or any other person or persons whosoever, who were not or should not be elected,
or admitted into the same fraternity or guild, might buy or sell, or offer to be sold, any mer-
chandise (except as before excepted), in gross or by retail, within the city or its suburbs,
franchises or liberties, or within the circuit, ambit or precinct of the cathedral churches of St.
Patrick of Dublin, or nigh Dublin, or within the place or places commonly called “the Bishop's
Glebe,” or within the circuit, ambit or precinct of the cathedral church of the Holy Trinity
within the said city of Dublin, commonly called “Christe's Church,” or within the ambit or
Prºg } St. Sepulchre, or of the abbey of St. Mary the Virgin, or of the * called
tº Wºº e = * @ 2
GUILDS.
GUILDs.
Order of.
GUILD of MER-
CHANTS.
Charters.
29 Hen. WI, 30th
June.
19 Eliz, 14th Oc-
tober.
\ DUBLIN.
270 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
GUILDS.
Assemblies,
Constitution.
Masters and War-
dens, how elected.
T)uties of
Privileges of.
“Thomas Court,” or within any other places, glebes, glebe lands, farms or other places what-
soever, situate, lying or being, within the ambit, limits, circuit or precincts of the said city, or of
the liberties or franchises of the same, except from or to a merchant or merchants of the same
fraternity or guild, under pain of forfeiture of all and singular the merchandise otherwise
bought, or sold, or put to sale, or offered to be sold.
It ordained that all merchant strangers and other persons whosoever, who were not elected
or admitted into the guild, from time to time, should carry all their merchandise whatsoever
(except as before excepted), brought within the city, or its suburbs, liberties, or ſranchises, whe-
ther by sea or by land, to a place within the city, called the Common Hawle” of the same
city, or to some other convenient place or places within the said city, or the suburbs, franchises,
or liberties thereof, which the masters and wardens of the fraternity or guild aforesaid should
appoint, under pain of forfeiture of all and singular the merchandise put in other places; and
in the aforesaid place called the “Common Hawle,” or in some other place for depositing
merchandise appointed by the masters and wardens of the guild only, and not elsewhere, under
pain of forfeiting the merchandise, that said foreigners, merchant strangers, and all other per-
sons not admitted, or elected, should sell their merchandise; and in the same place or places
where those merchandises were so deposited, from time to time, they should remain, be kept,
and exposed to be sold, and not elsewhere within the city, the liberties, or franchises of the
same, or within any of the place or places, limits, ambits, or precincts aforesaid; nor should
such merchandise be carried away from the same place or places within the space of forty days,
without the special licence of the masters, wardens, and their successors for the time being, in
writing, thereunto first had and obtained, under pain of forfeiture of all the merchandise con-
veyed or carried away without such licence. It gave to the masters and wardens and their
successors power to search, and to appoint officers to search, within the city and its franchises,
whether foreigners, merchant strangers, or any other persons not admitted to the fraternity,
should have done, or procured others to do, with any merchandise otherwise than in the said
clauses, grants, and prohibitions, is specified, and prescribed to be done; and iſ by such
search they should find any merchandise bought, or sold, or put in other places, or in any
manner used contrary or otherwise than as aforesaid, that then it might be lawful for them to
seize and retain the same to the use of the guild. It gave to the masters, wardens, brethren,
and sisters the power of making laws and ordinances for the government of the guild. It
empowered the guild for any offences perpetrated within the limits aforesaid by any foreigner,
merchant stranger, or any other person whomsoever, not elected or admitted into the guild,
against any clause in this charter, or against any other privileges used by the guild, to inflict
punishment by fine, bodily imprisonment, or otherwise, without let or impediment of the
Queen, her heirs and successors, or her or their justices, sheriffs, bailiffs, or other officers or
ministers whomsoever; and it gave to the guild the amount of all fines and forfeitures to be
expended for the use of the fraternity.
This charter was some years ago discovered, amongst those of the city of Dublin, in the
record room belonging to the corporation at large. It was restored to the guild, and is now,
together with some ancient journals and other documents, in a depository belonging to the
guild, and in the charge of its officers.
The stated days of meeting for the despatch of the ordinary business of the guild, are, the
Mondays previous to the quarterly assemblies of the corporation of the city; and extraordinary
meetings, termed “Post Halls,” are held as often as it is supposed that occasion requires.
The latter are convened by the master or by requisition, subscribed by not fewer than forty free
brothers, and the purpose for which the meeting is required is specified in the notice, and
no other business is transacted at it. At the quarterly meetings freemen are admitted, reports
of committees received, and the affairs of the guild regulated. Matters relating to commerce
are seldom discussed, while political questions are frequently entertained.
There is also an annual meeting, on the first Monday after Michaelmas-day, for the election
of masters and wardens; and in every third year there is a meeting, in the month of November,
for the election of persons to represent the guild in the common-council, in obedience to the
precept of the lord mayor of the city; the day is fixed by the senior master of the guild.
This guild consists of two masters, two wardens, and brethren and sisters, without restriction
as to number. There are also two clerks, a beadle, and a chaplain.
The Masters and Wardens are annually elected, by the body at large, on the first Monday
after the 29th of September, and are sworn into office at the succeeding Michaelmas quarterly
assembly. There is a rule entered on the journals, that no person shall be elected master or
warden unless he first became free in this and not in any other guild. There have, however,
been some deviations from this regulation. The junior master is usually elected senior master;
and the senior warden junior master. When there is a contest, the election is by ballot.
The senior master, presides at all assemblies of the body, and acts as treasurer of the guild.
He accounts, on quitting office, and his accounts are audited by a committee appointed for the
purpose.
The junior master and the wardens perform little duty; they are stated to be assistants
of the senior master.
The senior master is ea officio a trustee of the Royal Exchange, and a governor of the
Hibernian Marine School. He also claims to be a governor of the Blue Coat Hospital, and
was recognized and acted as such until very recently, but his right to do so is now disputed.
He also exercised the privilege of putting one boy into the Blue Coat Hospital, provided a
vacancy occurred during his year of office, and the guild paid 201. annually to the mathe-
matical, master of the school of the hospital. This payment has been discontinued, and the
master is no longer permitted to send a boy to that establishment. The senior master has the
Power of recommending one person to his freedom in the guild.
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 271
DUBLIN.
Neither masters nor wardens are now in receipt of any Salaries or emoluments. The senior
master formerly received a salary of 30 guineas a year, and was paid 4 guineas “for gloves;”
and the wardens received 2 guineas each, also, “for gloves.” These payments have been dis-
continued. The senior master also received a fee of 12 guineas on the election of each coal-meter.
Admissions to Freedom occur only at the quarterly assemblies. There are Two Classes of
Free Brethren, namely, those admitted as of right, and persons admitted by grace especial.
Admissions as of Right are consequent upon birth, marriage, and servitude.
The right of admission by birth is in practice in this guild confined to sons born subsequently
to their fathers' admission to the freedom of the guild, that by marriage seems to be extended to
the husbands of all the daughters of a free brother, and the right by service is restricted to those
who have served under indenture to a free brother. The general rule is, that the apprenticeship
should be of seven years, but persons are sometimes admitted after a service of only five.
The Fees at present payable on admission “as of right,” that is, by birth, marriage and
servitude, are—
f s. d.
Fine to the guild © s º © te" tº e . 2 0 0
Fee to the clerk º º º © º & & . I () ()
Fee to the beadle Q © * O Q_\ º & ... O 3 6
#33 3 6
Stamp-duty . <> ©. A. º $º º © . 1 0, 0
f'A 3 6
And, on admission by “grace especial,” additional stamp-duty . 2 0 0
f6 3 6
There is added, in the case of admission by virtue of servitude, 13s. 4d. for enrolling
the indenture of apprenticeship, if this has been dome; or ll. 6s. 8d. in the event of the
indenture not having been enrolled. Until about ten years ago, a further fee of 4!. was
taken on admission.
There are at present about 900 brethren and one sister of the guild; the majority are not
connected with commerce, and cannot be truly described as “merchants.” This is the obvious
consequence of the present modes of admission, the right of sons and sons-in-law of freemen
to be admitted without reference to their being engaged in mercantile pursuits, necessarily
introducing into the guild a number of persons wholly unconnected with trade.
Persons are also elected “by grace,” without any professional qualification; so that those
admitted in consequence of service are the only persons necessarily connected with trade, or
belonging to the class of which it was plainly intended that the guild should be exclusively
composed. Even in cases of admission by service, persons frequently obtain their freedom in
consequence of apprenticeship, who have for years abandoned all mercantile pursuits, and are
not “merchants” at the time of their admissions.
In the Oath taken on admission the following passage occurs: “You shall take no apprentice,
“but if he be free born ; that is to say, no bondsman's son, and for no less term than seven
“ years. Within the first year you shall cause him to be enrolled; and at his term's end, you
“shall make him free of the city, if he have well and truly served you.” The general inter-
pretation put upon this oath is, that by persons “not free born,” are meant Roman Catholics,
and that this passage of the oath interdicts the taking of an apprentice of the Roman Catholic
persuasion.
—”
GUILDS,
Salaries.
Freedom.
Two Classes of
Freemen.
Admission by Right,
Fees and Stamp
Duty.
Number of Free-
II]6. Il.
Oath.
Eleven Roman Catholics obtained the freedom of this guild shortly after the relaxation of Exclusion of Roman
the penal code in 1793, but none have since been admitted, although applications have been
made. Roman Catholic merchants are probably deterred from applying for their freedom,
by a conviction that their applications would not be successful. There are many Roman
Catholic merchants of high respectability in the city of Dublin. The vast majority of the
leading Dublin merchants are not members of the guild. It is generally understood that not
only Roman Catholics, but also Protestants, professing political opinions at variance with those
of the corporation, have been, and are, studiously excluded.
Admission to the freedom of this or any other guild is not in practice allowed to confer the
right to freedom of the city at large; it is merely recognized as affording a claim to such
admission. The course of the application for admission to the city at large, and the pro-
ceedings thereon, have been already detailed.
Unless admitted as a freeman of the city at large, a brother of the guild is not permitted
to vote at the election of representatives to serve in the common-council; but he exercises all
the other privileges of a freeman of the guild. e
These privileges are now confined to eligibility to its offices, and a right of attending at its
meetings, and acting in the detail of the business of the corporation. The charter privileges
of exclusive trading have long been obsolete.
Admissions were formerly much more numerous than they have been of latter years.
Applications for admission were commonly made to a considerable extent, immediately before
the holding of elections for members to represent the guild in the common-council, or the city
in Parliament. *
The Clerks and the Beadle are elected by the body at large, to serve during good beha-
viour. The clerks have a salary of 462. 3s. Id. a year, besides ſees on the admission of free-
men. They attend and enter the proceedings at the assemblies of the guild.
w
Catholics.
Privileges.
Clerks and Beadle,
how elected.
Salaries and duties
of.
2 P 2
PUBLIN.
272 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
GUILDS.
Chaplain.
Representatives in
the Common Coun-
cil.
Property.
Debt.
The Beadle receives a salary and allowances amounting together to 36, 18s. 5%d. annually;
and he has, besides, apartments in the hall, free of rent. The principal duty of the beadle is
to serve summonses for, and attend at meetings of the body. -
A Chaplain is appointed to the guild, whose sole duty is to preach an annual sermon on
Trinity Eve, for which he receives a yearly sum of 21. 10s.
This guild sends thirty-one, representatives to the common-council of the city at large.
They are chosen triennially, and the election is by ballot. The attendance of electors is
always numerous, generally exceeding 600 persons. The candidates and the representatives
are frequently persons wholly unconnected with mercantile affairs. Each candidate deposits
with the clerks of the guild a sum of £20 of which a portion is returned, in the event of his
being unsuccessful.
There is always a contest for the representation, and there are generally at least thirty-five
candidates for the thirty-one vacancies. The number of its representatives gives to this guild
a very preponderating influence in the common-council, of which the other guilds are exceed–
ingly jealous; and the description of persons selected as representatives gives to it, even more
than the other guilds, the appearance of an exclusive and political body.
The functions of this guild in electing trustees of the Royal Exchange have been already
noticed. - - 4. * • . , #
The House of Commons having, by order of the 1st of August, 1833, “required from
each municipal corporation in Ireland a return of the charitable funds and other property in
its possession, order, or disposal; the manner in which the same had been acquired; the
purposes for which the same were given, and the mode in which they were then distributed and
applied,” the guild of merchants made the following return:—
The guild have not, nor ever had, any such charitable funds.
The guild's only property is as follows:–
#. buildings in the city of Dublin, let to tenants, and producing 45l. 4s. 7%d.
per annum. - -
The guild's present hall, on Wellington Quay, Dublin, now in its occupation.
Two very ancient silver cups, and some furniture.
The above property was acquired by purchase at different periods.
The rents of the above holdings are distributed and applied by the guild in payment of
the salaries of its officers.
The guild had for several centuries a property arising from the elections of coal-meters,
and from admissions of freemen, of which it has been deprived by Acts of Parliament
lately passed, and for which it is entitled to fair compensation.
T. and J. ALLEN,
5th March, 1833. - Clerks of the Guild.
This guild receives rent for the use of its hall from several guilds, which have no meeting-
places of their own. Its income at present amounts to 110!, per annum. The disburse- .
ments consist, amongst other matters, of the following annual sums, namely:—
£. s. d.
Salary to the Clerks . & e • © tº , . 46 3 I
Ditto to the Beadle e Ç e . . . . 36 18 5%
Ditto to the Chaplain . º e gº & cº Q
Treat to the Boys of the Blue-Coat Hospital, Trinity Eve . 12 0 | 0
The guild owes a debt of 300l. late currency (276l. 18s. 5%d. British), secured by mort-
gage on their hall, the annual interest of which is 18l. late currency. The disbursements
amount to a sum of * cº * > º Q tº . £198 0 0 per annum.
Income e © © © º e . 110 0 0
lºssºmsºmºsº
Annual Deficiency • . º tº ... f.88 0 0
The income was formerly much greater, admissions to freedom being more numerous, and
an additional fee of 4l, being exacted on each admission; and coal-meters, when elected by the
guild, paying a fee of 24!. 13s.6d, each on their admission. While the fund was in a pros-
perous condition, the guild paid 20. a year to the mathematical master of the school of the
Blue-Coat Hospital, and 801. a year to widows and reduced members of the guild. The
* of these payments has been consequent upon the diminution of the income of the
guild.
* In addition to the sum of 276/. 18s. 5; d. due on mortgage of the hall, as already stated,
the guild owed, as the officers allege, the following sums to December, 1833.
* £. s. d.
Three years' interest on the mortgage, about te . . 49 17 0
To the Clerks of the guild, to October, 1833 • - . 103 13 5%
To the Beadle, about . e e * > & © . 20 0 0
Taxes on the hall, about e (* - e. & ſº . 20 0 0
Costs of law proceedings, about . tº * º . 200 0 0
Making together, and including the mortgage . © 670 8 11
Which debt is annually increasing by the sum of 88l., being the amount of the excess of
expenditure beyond the income.
The law costs included in the debt now due by the guild were incurred in resisting the claim
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 273
DUBLIN."
of a dismissed coal-meter to be restored to his situation; and besides the above sum of 200l.,
that litigation cost 366l. 3s. 10%d., of which 2291. 5s. 11d. came out of the funds of the
guild, and the residue, amounting to 136l. 17s. 11%d., was contributed by the coal-meters.
It does not appear that the coal-meters had any immediate interest in resisting the claim of
the discharged meter; but they were required to contribute by the coal committee of the
guild. It was stated that it has been usual they should do so, and that in former cases they.
bore a moiety of the expense of all litigation arising out of the claims of the guild upon the
coal ships trading to the port of Dublin.
It has been already mentioned that the Coal Meters of the city of Dublin were appointed by
the guild of merchants, and up to the passing of the Act of 2 Will. IV., they had the
exclusive metage of all coal sold in the city. They were generally, of late years, about one
hundred in number, eighty of whom were acting meters, and twenty superannuated: the latter
were paid half the emoluments of the office, by the persons elected in their stead. The fee
to the guild on the election of each coal-meter, was 24!. 13s.6d., and the average income
produced by these fees was estimated at 981, a year. There was much canvassing for the office.
among the members of the guild; and it was not unfrequently made the subject of sale between.
the meter retiring and the person seeking the office.
The Fees payable to the coal-meters by the captains of coal ships were fixed by a bye-law
of the corporation, dated the 18th May, 1827, at 6d. per ton.
By the Act 2 Will. IV. c. 21, entitled “An Act to repeal several Acts of the Parlia-
ment of Ireland, imposing Restrictions upon the Coal Trade, and to regulate the same,” the
office of coal-meter is virtually abolished, and no coal-meter has been since appointed. That
statute enacts (section 5) that no porter, carman, meter, or weighmaster, howsoever licensed or
appointed, shall, under any pretext whatsoever, interfere in or meddle with the sale, measure-
ment, weighing, delivery, or storage of coals, save upon the request and by the desire of the
buyer or seller thereof; and that no person shall sue for, demand, or take any fee, payment, or
reward whatsoever, under pretext of being so licensed or appointed, save when and so far as he
may be employed by such buyer or seller as aforesaid. And that it shall and may be lawful
to employ for the weighing, measuring, &c., any other person or persons whatever, and to make
with such other person or persons any private or special agreement for his or their wages or hire,
any law, statute, or usage to the contrary notwithstanding.”
Since this Act has come into operation, the guild have abstained from any interference with
the coal trade of the city.
The claims heretofore made by the guild and their officers upon coals and coal vessels, were
subjects of constant dispute, and led to a great deal of litigation.
In the year 1825, the officers of customs being about to appoint persons to collect the
crown duty on coals, imposed by a then recent Act of Parliament, the guild of merchants pro-
posed to the commissioners to furnish them with returns, to enable them to charge the duty, at
#d. per chaldron returned; the money to be lodged by the commissioners in the Bank of Ireland,
to the credit of the masters and wardens of the guild. The commissioners replied by letter to
the proposal, stating that the board would pay the meters at the same rate as the meters were
paid for the same duty in the port of London, and which was stated to be 3d. per chaldron.
Upon this letter the guild allege they acted in furnishing the required returns; and in the
month of June, 1833, they put in a claim against the commissioners of customs for the cer-
tificates furnished of the metage of coals in the port of Dublin, from the 5th of July, 1825,
when the Act alluded to came into operation, to the 23d of August, 1831, when the crown
duty on coals to this port was repealed.
The quantity of coals meted during that period is stated to be 1,240,648 chaldrons, which,
at the rate of ¥d. per chaldron, makes the sum of £2,584 13s. 8d., and this is accordingly the
amount of compensation claimed.
The Act 2, 3 Will. IV. c. 90, after reciting the Act 2 Will. IV. c. 21, enables the
Treasury to grant compensation to the inspectors and coal-meters of the city of Dublin, and
imposes a rate of 4d. per ton on coals, not the produce of Ireland, imported into Dublin, to
provide funds for such compensation.
The payments authorized by this Act to be paid to coal-meters are as follow :-
To each meter in receipt of full emoluments, the annual sums following:—
t f. s. d.
16 at e © e gº © * > . © tº G 5] 12 O
24 at gº º º & º ſº & sº * > 43 () ()
18 at * © º * º © e e © 2I 10 0
To each meter appointed to be put on full, upon death or removal 12 0 0
of others, the ammual sum of cº t º e. © } -
To each Superannuated meter, the annual sum of * © 38 0 0
On every Michaelmas quarter-day this guild elects a Mayor and two Constables of the
Staple. The retiring lord mayor and sheriffs of the city are generally elected. There is no
duty now performed by these officers, but it appears by ancient records in the town clerk's
office that for some centuries judgments, called “Statute Staple,” were entered in the books of
the staple; and the town clerk stated that he recollected searches to have been made in those
books for judgments to affect property within the city. The entries of such judgments
appear to have been discontinued for nearly a century.
Except as to the elections of a mayor and constables, there are not any records relating to
the guild of the staple in the possession of the guild of merchants. Searches in the statute
staple books were made by the town clerks, who charged a sum of 13s. 4d. for each search.
This guild is evidently declining. Since the passing of the 2, 3 Will. IV., c. 21, it
may be said to have no connexion, as a body, with the trade of Dublin; and the great ma-
——-mºss sº-
GUILDs.
Coal Meters.
Fees to Coal Meters.
2 Will. IV. c. 21.
Claim for Metage.
6 Geo. IV. c. 107,
S. l l l .
2, 3 Will. IV. c. 90.
Mayor & Constables,
of the Staple. * *
Dúſ BLIN.
274 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
GUILDs.
GUILD OF TAILoRs.
Charters.
7 Henry, 16th July.
jority of its members, and even some of its representatives in the common-council, are not
merchants by profession. In ancient times, the guild exercised its chartered privileges of
excluding foreign merchants from trading within the city, and of confiscating their goods in
cases of infringement of those privileges, but such power has long been disused; and the
guild, as at present constituted, does not exist for any purposes connected with the advance-
ment of commerce, and is looked upon as a merely political body.
The Guild of Tailors appears to have been established by one of the Henries. There
is extant on the exchequer roll of the thirty-third year of Queen Elizabeth a charter of incor-
poration, dated “16th July, 7 Henry,” but the number of the King is obliterated. This
charter empowered John Talbote and others to found a guild of the art of tailors of the city of
Dublin, to be named the Fraternity or Guild of St. John the Baptist. It enabled the guild to
choose, from amongst themselves, annually, a master and two wardens, who were of the art
of tailors of the city and its suburbs, for the government of the guild; the master, wardens,
and brethren, to assemble at convenient times to regulate the guild. It conferred upon the
master and wardens power to inquire into all offences connected with the art, and to punish
offenders by fine or by imprisonment within the prison of Dublin, there to be detained until
liberated by warrant from the master and wardens. It gave to the master and wardens full
cognizance of all disputes between tailor and tailor and their apprentices and servants. It
ordained that apprentices before being bound should be brought before the master, wardens,
and clerk, of the guild, and if found to be of free condition, of the English nation, and of good
Charter, Chas. II.
8 Will. III. 22d
June.
Street, Dublin; a rent of 3s. 4d. a year, payable by
conversation, to be received as apprentices, and their indentures enrolled before the master and
wardens within a year; any indenture not according to said form to be invalid, and the person
taking an apprentice contrary to the prescribed forms to pay half a mark to the use of the
fraternity. It further ordained, that runaway apprentices might be arrested, upon a certifi-
cate under the common seal, wherever they should be found within or without the liberties of
Dublin, and prescribed the term of apprenticeship to be seven years, and declared, that, that
term being perfected, the apprentice should be brought by his own master, and by the master
and wardens of the guild, to the guild-hall of Dublin, and there be received to the freedom
of the city, in the presence of the mayor and bailiffs of the same city; and that none should
be admitted to the freedom of the city without the assent of the master and wardens and
other discreet persons of the same art residing within the city. It ordained, that no one
should exercise the art of tailoring within the city or suburbs unless judged sufficiently skilful
by the master and wardens, and admitted to the freedom of the city; and gave power to the
master and wardens to elect a clerk and as many serjeants and beadles as they should deem
necessary; and it exempted the master and wardens from being placed on juries of attainder
or inquisitions within the city and suburbs, or being made collectors or receivers of any of the
King's rents, customs, or other revenues within the city.
This guild subsequently obtained other charters, and particularly one from Charles II. The
last legal charter is one which bears date the 22d June, in the 8th year of King William III.
This charter recites the prior ones, and the privileges thereby conferred, and amongst others
the privilege of purchasing lands to the value of 40l. per annum, of inquiring into all trespasses
of tailors, their servants and apprentices, and of punishing by arrest fugitive apprentices, and
the provision, that apprentices having served seven years should be brought by their masters,
and the master and wardens, to the guild-hall of Dublin, and be sworn in free of the city by
the mayor and bailiffs thereof; and that none should receive the freedom of the city, without
the assent of the master and wardens of the guild; and that none should exercise the trade of
tailor within the city or liberties, without the consent of the master and wardens. It recited
that the corporation were possessed of the following property, namely, several houses and a plot
of ground in Back Lane, Dublin; a house, garden, and a plot of ground, in Oxmantown,
Dublin; a rent of 20s. per annum, out of a place called the Shatt Clap Mill, in St. Patrick
Kennedy, Esq. out of a holding
by St. Andrew's Church, Dublin; the town and lands of Baskin, in the county of Dublin; and
several houses, gardens and plots, in and about Wicklow town; and it confirmed all former
charters and grants. It empowered the master and wardens to enter into any house in Dublin
or the suburbs, where they might suspect that any clothes were making by a person not free of
Constitution.
Master, howelected.
the guild, and to take the work from such person, and keep it until claimed by the right owner,
who was to prove his title thereto before the master and wardens. It prohibited the magistrates
of Dublin from interfering in such cases, and declared that no person should make apparel for
man, woman, or child, without licence from the master and wardens, and that transgressors should
be prosecuted at quarter sessions; and it empowered the master, wardens, and brethren to make
bye-laws for the regulation of the guild, and of the trade.
The charters of the guild are kept in a chest for the preservation of their records which has
three locks of different constructions upon it, and the master and wardens have a key each. A
similar practice prevails in the other guilds.
This guild consists of
1 Master,
2 Wardens, and
Brethren without limit as to number.
The officers are—
A Treasurer
A Clerk, and
A Beadle.
There is also a “ Council of the House.”
The course of Election for a Master is as follows:—On the day of election the “Council of
the House” sit apart from the body at large, and send down three names of persons who have
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 275
leen wardens, and are of the council, to the general assembly of the body; the assembled body
termed “the hall” have the power of rejecting all, or of selecting one of the persons whose names
are sent down by the “council.” In the event of the three persons whose names are sent down
by the council being rejected, three others are transmitted by them to the “hall,” and so on
until a master is elected. -
The election takes place early in June, and the master is sworn on the 24th of the same
month. He now performs no other duty than that of presiding at the assemblies of the guild,
and he has no salary, fees, or emoluments. The master is elected to act for one year.
The course of election for one of the two Wardens is the same as that of the master, except
that six names are sent down by the council. There is no qualification save that of being a
member of the guild. The second warden is nominated by the master. The wardens
are appointed for one year, and are merely the assistants of the master. They have at pre-
sent neither salary nor other emoluments. -
Admissions to Freedom are of two sorts, namely, as of right, and by grace especial; admis-
sions of right are consequent upon birth, service, and marriage. Applicants for admisssion
send petitions, termed “beseeches,” to the clerk of the guild, and the question of their admis-
sion is put from the chair at the ensuing quarterly meeting of the body at large, A strong
sectarian feeling pervades in this as in all the other guilds, and one Roman Catholic only has
been admitted to the freedom of it, since the relaxation of the penal code in the year 1793.
The trade is numerous in the city of Dublin, and the majority of it are not members of,
or connected with the guild; and it did not appear that the trade derives the slightest advan-
tage from the existence of the guild.
Persons are admitted to this guild before they are admitted to the city at large; but they are
not sworn until after they pass the city, the guild acting in this respect upon the order of the
corporation at large, of which mention has been already made.
The Treasurer, Clerk, and Beadle are elected each during pleasure by the entire guild.
By the constitution of the guild the master is the treasurer, but a person appointed to that
office accounts in the master's name, and is remunerated by 5 per cent. on his receipts.
The salary of the clerk is 20!, a year; that of the beadle twelve guineas; the duty of the
former is to keep the books and record the proceedings of the guild, and issue summonses,
which are served by the beadle, who also attends at all assemblies. -
The “Council of the House” are elected for life by the guild at large. The persons to
be elected must have served the office of master.
This guild is possessed of landed property, the greater part of which is mentioned in the
charter of William III. In addition to the rents of that property, they receive two guineas
a year from each of the other guilds who meet in their hall.
The guild is in debt. Some years since, they borrowed a sum of 300l. late Irish currency,
which is stated to have been expended in repairing their hall, and for which they granted a
mortgage on their property in Church Street. They have paid the difference between 300l.
Irish and 200l. present currency, and the latter sum is now alleged to be due to their treasurer,
as assignee of the mortgage, and he receives interest on it at the rate of 6l. per cent.
The disbursements are— *
fº. 3. d.
Interest on the mortgage, per annum i.e. © © . 12 0 O
Clerk’s salary . . e tº g & ſº . 20 () 0
Beadle's ditto . ſº * & º ſº º . 12 12 0
Quit-rent for the hall, &c. * © & tº . . 0 lº! 11
Allowance for coals for the hall o Ç º e * >
To Master, for quarterly dinners, per annum . º . 8 8 O
For printing summonses, &c., per annum . wº & . 3 (0 :0
And one guinea is allotted for the burying of every freeman who dies in reduced circum-
stances. There was formerly a list containing the names of reduced brethren, and of the
widows of freemen who died in necessitous circumstances, and they were relieved out of the
funds of the body; but this charity has been discontinued, owing to the reduced state of the
finances of the guild. .
The Accounts are audited by persons appointed for the purpose; and there have latterly
been small balances in favour of the corporation, amounting, on an average, to about 20/.
a year, which sum is retained by the treasurer in liquidation of the mortgage.
The provisions of the charters of the other guilds are very similar to those of the charters
to the corporation of tailors, conferring upon the brethren privileges of exclisive trading, and
upon the officers magisterial powers. The limits, however, by which these privileges and
powers were circumscribed, are of very unequal extent; in some instances, as in the charter
to the Coopers, they were confined to the city and its suburbs, while in others, (the greater
number,) they included, with the city, the district lying within a given number of miles,
without regard to such limits being extended beyond those of the corporation at large. The
limits prescribed by the charter to the saddlers are the most extensive, reaching to the distance
of fifteen miles beyond the city, in every direction, and, of consequence, running into several
counties, and interfering with different jurisdictions. Next in extent were the limits of the
cutlers, which comprised a circuit of seven miles round the city, and the others vary from
one mile to six. • -
The Charters also differ in the amount to which the power of acquiring landed property is
limited. The highest permission is for £300 a-year. £40 per annum is commonly the sum.
The following are the charters of the remaining guilds, as far as we have been able to dis-
‘COWel":-
DUBLIN.
—-º-sº
GUILDS. --
Wardens, how
elected.
Freedom.
Treasurer, &c.
Council of the
House.
Property,
Debt.
Accounts.
THE OTHER GUILDS
GENERALLY.
Charters.
DUBLIN.
276 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
GUILDs.
cooks º \s " ) 1 Jac. I.
. 7
Tanners . . . ..& 4 Jac. II.
7
Guilds. Charters. Guilds. Charters.
[Hen. II. (23 Hen. "CIl-
Smiths, &c. |; Edw. . Carpenters, &c. . | rolled Rot. Pat.
- Car. II. 27 Eliz. m. 9.
Barber-Surgeons. ſº #: VI. (5 Edw. IV.
- tº Shoemakers | Hen. VIII.
- - 4 Jac. II.
Bakers ſ E. IV
Saddlers, &c. º Car. II.
Butchers . © . 36 Car. II. 4 Jac. II.
22 Hen. VII. Coopers . © . 18 Car. II.
7 Eliz. *mºnº -
4 Jac. II. Feltmakers tº . 19 Car. II.
Edw. I. Cutlers, &c. . . 22 Car. II.
Bricklayers & Plasterers 22 Car. II.
* Edw. III.
Tallow Chandlers º Car. II. Hosiers . Q . 4 Jac. II.
Edw. I. Ö • T
Glovers and Skinners | Jac. II. Curriers . o ... Will. III.
. 1 Anne. .
| Brewers and maltsters . (22 Car. II.
- - Hen. II. (IGing's Letter to *:::...} 8 Will. III.
Weavers . tº : 4 Jac. II
{} 4 Jac. II.
- Joiners, &c. G e e
'Shearmen and Dyers { 12 Will. III.
Goldsmiths e . 13 Car. I. | Apothecaries . . 20 Geo. II.
The existing state and the constitutions of these several bodies are so similar, that to describe
each in detail would lead to needless repetition. Except the guilds of merchants and of shoe-
makers, each of the twenty-five guilds consists of one master, two wardens, and an indefinite
number of brethren ; those of the merchants and shoemakers differ from the others only
Masters, &c., to be
of the trade.
Apprentices.
in having two masters instead of one. The officers are generally elected in the same
Iſla Illſle]". - - -
The charters direct that the masters, and wardens shall be chosen from the freemen, and in
some instances ordain, in express terms, what in every case they plainly intend, namely,
that the persons to be elected shall be of the trade over which they are to preside. This
most important restriction has been, and is, frequently, overlooked, and the violation of it
has contributed as materially as any other circumstance to the total disconnexion of the cor-
porations from the trades which they originally comprised. An instance was mentioned to
us which illustrates the consequences of such a departure from the spirit of the charters. It
was stated that about thirty years ago the master of the guild of bricklayers was called upon
by Government to inspect and report upon some public buildings, then recently erected, when
it was discovered that the master was by profession an attorney. There are, in many instances,
several “faculties” incorporated together, whose trades bear little affinity towards each other;
when more than one are incorporated together, they are entitled to supply officers in rotation.
In one guild (the smith's, &c.) there are fourteen “faculties” or trades incorporated.
The charters generally confer upon the master, wardens, and certain persons mentioned by
name, and their successors, the power of admitting to the freedom of the guild without pre-
scribing that the persons so to be admitted shall be of the trade; but from their contents it is
evident to us that such only were intended. By the charters to the joiners, the power of
admission is given to the master and wardens, for the time being, or the major part of them.
The charter states that they “may admit such person or persons to be brethren of the said
corporation as they shall think fit.” We were not able to discover the origin of the claims for
admission to freedom of the guilds by reason of birth or marriage, the right consequent on
apprenticeship being the only one expressly conferred by the charters. There is some differ-
ence in the practice of the guilds as to the extent to which they admit the claims by birth and
marriage. In some guilds they concede the right to all the sons of a free brother, and even
to his grandsons, while in others they limit it to such of the sons as were born after the
‘parent was himself admitted to the guild.
With respect to apprenticeship, the charters provide that the proposed apprentice, prior to
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 277
DUBLIN.
his being bound, shall be brought before the masters and wardens of the guild in which his
master's trade is incorporated, “and if he be found of free condition of the English nation, and
of good conversation,” (and, in some of the later charters, “ of the Protestant religion,”) “and
not otherwise, he shall be bound for seven years, and his indentures enrolled by his master
within twelve months, and that at the end of his apprenticeship he shall be brought by his
master before the city authorities, and by them admitted to the freedom of the corporation at
large.” Some of the charters, as those of the curriers and joiners, declare that every person
admitted of the guild shall also be free of the city; and the majority of the charters direct
that no brother of the guild shall, without the assent of its officers, be admitted to the freedom
of the city at large. Although the charters and the oath taken by the master require that
he should, at the termination of an apprenticeship, take the person who had served it to the
city authorities and demand for him his freedom, in practice he seldom does so, and the freedom
of the guild, obtained 'by apprenticeship, is not allowed, by the corporation at large, to convey
a. . to the freedom of that body; it is merely admitted to confer a claim, as already
noticed.* .
* The following extracts from the depositions of officers of the Corporation before the Committee
of the House of Commons on Municipal Corporations, 1833, state the peculiar constitution of the
Corporation of Dublin, and its minor guilds, in reference to admissions, in respect to “claims as
of right,” not recognised as “rights.”
The Right Hon. C. P. Archer, Lord Mayor. - -
Sir John Kingston James, Bart., Treasurer, one of the Aldermen.
Mr. George Jackson, of the Town-clerk's Office, one of the Law Agents.
4767. By what title does a person become a freeman of the city of Dublin —(Sir J. K. James.)
There are three different modes of admission; one by birth, one by service, and another what is
generally called by grace especial, or special grace. - -
4768. Must a person who claims by birth be the son of a person born in Dublin?—Born not
necessarily in Dublin, but born, his father having been free at the time of the birth of the child.
4769. Then he must be the son of a freeman P—Yes. - . .
4770. Are all sons free ?—All sons may seek their freedom by a certain process; they all have
the privilege of claiming their freedom from the corporation.
4771. When a freeman by birth claims his title, is it acknowledged as of right?—There is a veto,
which has been exercised time immemorial, I believe, on the part of both houses, for the corporation
of Dublin sit differently from what probably other corporations do.
4772. Is that veto frequently exercised ?–It is sometimes exercised, no doubt, but not what I call
frequently. g *
4773. FXercised do you think in the course of each year?—No, I do not know that there has
been a refusal each year. -
4774. Upon what grounds generally is this veto enforced 2–With respect to that I probably
cannot give a direct reason, because each person composing the distinct houses may have his own
reason for voting pro or con. ſ'
4775. Is the veto simply given without any reason assigned 2–Exactly ; it is necessary probably
to tell the committee the upper house, as it is called, the lord mayor and board of aldermen, sit
separately from the commons; the board of aldermen, when questions arise, divide ; and the com-
mons decide by ballot. -
4776. How are persons made free by servitude 2–A person who has served seven years to a free-
man may claim his freedom.
4802. When a person claims his freedom by birth does he seek it in the same guild to which his
father belongs 2–Yes, he does, generally speaking.
4803. Are there not many who are free of particular guilds, but who, being merely free of such
guilds, did not formerly exercise any right of voting for Members of Parliament 2—They did not
exercise, nor have they the right of voting for representatives. -
4804. In order to be entitled to vote for the representatives it was necessary to be free of the cor-
poration at large —Yes.
4805. Are there not many persons in the predicament of being free of a particular guild only 2–
Yes, there are sonne. .
4806. Particularly Roman Catholics; is there a single Roman Catholic free of the corporation at
large 2–No, I believe not. \
4811. In most of these guilds they recognise the right of birth or servitude?—Yes.
4812. But these rights are not recognised as conferring an absolute title by the corporation at
large P-No.
4816. Those persons’ names, as the committee understand, having passed the guild of one cor-
poration, must first be submitted to the upper house, (the lord mayor and board of aldermen,) and, if
it passes that house, then it goes down to the commons, composed of the sheriffs and the commons? "
—Yes. * -
4817. Supposing it does not pass the upper house, is it at any time submitted to the commons f
—No ; the upper house exercise the privilege of rejecting at once such a person.
4818. Have the upper house an absolute veto upon the admission of any person to the freedom P
—Yes. *
4819. Do you not call those “beseeches 2"—Yes.
4820. Does not the beseech ever come before the commons in the first instance, before it goes
before the board of aldermen —Not in the ordinary way. If there was a beseech rejected, I will
suppose by the board of aldermen, probably a person in the commons might move that the beseech
of such a person should be again submitted to the lord mayor and board of aldermen for their con-
sideration. -
4821. It originates at that period with the commons, and is sent up to the board of aldermen, with
the power of rejecting or admitting 2—Yes.
4873. Supposing that a person were desirous of becoming a freeman of the guild of merchants,
*/
GUILDS.
DUBLIN. 278 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
TGUILD’s,
{}uarterage.
-**-
There is a distinction made between brethren who first become free of a particular guild,
and those who are admitted to its freedom from other guilds; the former are called original
brethren, the latter quarterly brethren; the only practical difference between them is, that
the quarterly brethren are not permitted to vote at elections for common-councilmen.
A sum varying from one to about three º is collectable quarterly from the brethren of
the guilds, but of late years it has not been regularly collected, and little, in point of fact, has
been received. It would seem that the officers have been, in many instances, deterred from
enforcing the collection by the apprehension of rendering themselves unpopular, and thereb
prejudicing themselves at elections (as for common-councilmen, &c.) at which the brethren
are entitled to vote. -
either by birth or by servitude, or grace especial, to what body of that guild must he make his appli-
cation to obtain such admission ?—To the whole body assembled. They have their own particular
hall and particular arrangements, and an application is addressed to the master and wardens of the
guild of merchants generally.
4874. As far as the guild is concerned, there are masters and wardens, and the whole freemen
belonging to that guild, which is one body, who in common hall exercise the right of admitting or
not any individual who claims by birth, servitude, or special grace, to become a member?—Yes.
4875. Supposing a man to have what we call an inchoate right of becoming a freeman by birth,
have the guild power of saying to such an individual, “You shall not be a freeman of the guild f"—
They have exercised the power frequently. I fancy they have the right. I should have mentioned
before, in the detail of the business, which is very extensive in that guild, as in every other guild,
they have what is called a council of the house, to whom names are submitted prior to the quarter-
day, on which they are generally brought forward, and the detail of business goes through that
council of the house, and is brought before the master, wardens, and brethren of the guild of merchants,
on quarter-day. | -
4876. Has that definite body, composed in the way you have stated, the power of preventing such
an application for the freedom being submitted to the general body?—I think they have ; I think
they have exercised that power.
4877. Could you have your application brought forward adverse to the opinion of that council 2–
You could ; when the brethren at large would come together each member would form his own vote,
only the guild at large would have the power of deciding.
4922. Was there not a decision in the Court of King's Bench upon the subject of the power of the
corporation in admitting or rejecting whom they pleased ?—(Mr. Jackson.) There was. The Court
decided that the corporation had the right of admitting or rejecting, as they pleased, any person.
4924. Are the committee to understand that the person who desires to become a freeman of the
corporation at large, in respect of a claim of birth or servitude, must, before he petitions the corpora-
tion at large, have become a freeman of some particular guild?—(Sir J. K. James.) Certainly.
4925. May it not therefore happen that a person shall have become a freeman of a particular
guild, and paid his fees for such admission there, and afterwards be refused to be admitted a freeman
of the corporation at large, and so remain only a freeman of the guild 2–Certainly.
4926. Was that the case of the person who went before the Court of King's Bench?—Yes.
4927. Can a person claim to be admitted a freeman of the city at large by birth or by servitude 2–
No, it is merely a favour.
Mr. James Vance.
6046. Are you an attorney and solicitor at Dublin?—I am.
6047. Are you a member of the corporation ?—I am a freeman of the city of Dublin.
6048. How long have you been so P-More than 25 years.
6050. Were you free of any of the minor guilds 2—Certainly. - -
6051. What?—The guild of St. Loy, the corporation of Smiths. I was obliged to be admitted.
into that before I was entitled to my freedom of the city.
6052. Did you hold any office in that guild?—I did; I was clerk to the guild for some years.
6053. Have you got the oath administered in that guild to the freemen?—Yes, I have.
6054. Will you produce it?—(The witness handed it in.)
6055. Is this a part of it: “You shall not take any apprentice but of the Protestant religion, and
for no less than seven years,” &c. —That is part of the freeman's oath. It is in the guild.
6056. Every Protestant becoming a freeman in that guild is under the necessity of taking that.
oath P-Certainly.
6057. When was that oath established?—I have no idea; a great many years ago.
6058. It is a very old oath?—Very old.
6059. As far as you know it continues to be the oath to this day —It does.
6064. How many persons did that guild consist of 2 do you know how many it consists of now 2–
I should think between 300 and 400; but it is only by guess.
6065. It is one of the most numerous guilds 2—It is.
6068. No Roman Catholic can be in it 2—There are two Roman Catholics in it.
6069. Did they take that oath 2–No ; there is an oath particularly for them, under an Act of
Parliament. They forced their way in by mandamus.
6070. The right by birth and servitude is admitted in that guild 2—No, I cannot say that.
6071. It must have been, if they obtained a mandamus.”—The guild was not able to defend it;
they had no funds.
6072. Those two Catholics have not been admitted free of the city at large?—No.
6073. Has any other freeman of that guild been refused the freedom of the city at large 2—I do
not know that.
6074. According to your recollection there has not ?—No.
6075. Have either of those two persons applied for their freedom?—Yes; one of them brought a
ºnandamus against the corporation, and there was an argument in the Court of King's Bench.
6076. What was his name 2—Adcock.
6077. He did not succeed 2–No, he did not.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 279
DUBLIN.
The following was handed in to us, as an analysis of the State of the Guild of bricklayers and
plasterers in August, 1833, and we have no reason to believe it an unfair specimen of the
state of these guilds generally:—
; * É An Analysis of the State of the Corporation of Bricklayers and Plasterers
# # on the 24th Day of August, 1833. .
gº ń. i.
5 ... 10 Carrying on business. -
9 .. 6 Qut of business and in other employments.
2 .. 5 Working journeymen.
2 Absent in England.
16 . . 23 Total, 39 bricklayers and plasterers.
7 Lord Viscount Ingestrie, the Recorder, a Sheriff's Peer, the Marshal of Dublin
(J. John Butler, Esq.), the Inspector of Prisons (Sir Edward Stanly, Knt.), a
Clergyman, and a Surgeon.
11 Aldermen.
2 Barristers.
13 Attorneys. -
11 Clerks, or in other employments.
6 Architects. - -
9 Carpenters, or builders.
2 Painters.
2 Metal sash-makers.
2 A coal-factor and a hatter.
65 Total of unqualified persons.
There are some Acts of Parliament, such as the 3 Geo. II, and 11 Geo. III., regulating
the trade of brickmaking in Dublin; but no allusion is made in them to the Guild of Brick.
layers. However, some proceedings have of late years been taken by Mr. B. Pemberton, as
master of the bricklayers, to enforce the statutable regulations with respect to bricks. With
this exception, and those of the proceedings of the corporations of butchers and goldsmiths, the
guilds do not interfere in the regulation of trade, and exercise no influence whatever upon it.
The Guild of Butchers is, by the charter of Charles II., made to consist of a master, three
wardens, fifteen assistants, and a commonalty, all, except the last, to be annually elected, and
by its exclusive clause it prescribes that no person, not a freeman, shall exercise the trade
of a butcher, or expose meat for sale within the city of Dublin, or within one mile about the
city, except on the usual market days, without the licence of the corporation, on pain of a fine
of forty shillings. It ordains that no ox, bullock, or cow, under four years old, be killed and
GUILDS.
State of the Guilds,
and Interference
with Trades.
GUILD OF BRICK-
LAYERS,
GUILD OF
BUTCHERs.
exposed for sale under a like penalty, and that every person, not a freeman, exposing for sale
any flesh meat on a market day, shall bring the hide with him under a like penalty for each
default; and it gives a power to the master, wardens, and commonalty, (the master and two of
the wardens being present,) to make bye-laws and to impose fines upon offenders; and it
authorizes the master, wardens, and assistants (the master and two wardens being always
present) to hear all cases of trespass, extortions, breaches of bye-laws, and other offences
touching the art of butchering, and to punish same by imprisonment or fine, the fines to be
applied to the use of the corporation.
The officers of the guild of butchers were repeatedly called upon to attend our Inquiry,
but they declined doing so. Our investigation, as to this guild, was therefore necessarily
imperfect; but it has appeared in evidence before us that a peculiar jurisdiction is exercised
by it in relation to the markets. Where cattle are sold to a butcher, should he complain to
the officers of the guild of the state of the carcass, the master and wardens examine it,
and sign a report upon it, and frequently award damages to the butcher, which he thereupon
deducts out of the price he agreed to pay; or, if he has previously paid, compels the seller to
repay him, by suit in the Court of Conscience. The exercise of this privilege is very generally,
and, we believe, very justly, complained of by the farmers who resort to the Dublin markets;
and the guild have an interest in encouraging such proceedings, as they receive on each report
a sum of two shillings. It would seem that about 600 of such reports are annually signed, as
by the return of property made by the clerk of the guild to the House of Commons, in the year
1833, the average amount of these fees is stated at 60l. The impression is very prevalent that
injustice is dome by the exercise of this jurisdiction.
The strongest sectarian feeling pervades all the guilds, and with the exception of three, who,
by a mandamus, (which was not defended,) forced their way into the Smiths', there are no
Roman Catholics free of any of the guilds. Protestants of political principles different from
those of the majority of the corporation are equally excluded. Mr. Jordan Lambert, one of
the officers of the smiths', stated, on oath, that the guild “ did everything in their power to
keep out Catholics and bad Protestants.”
The Guild of Goldsmiths is intimately connected with the trade, and therefore requires a
separate notice.
By the Charter of Charles I., William Cooke, goldsmith, and others, are constituted a fra-
termity and body corporate, by the name of the Wardens and Community of Goldsmiths of the
GUILD OF GoLD-
SMITHS,
Charter, 1 Chas. I.
"DUBLIN.
280 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
GUILDS.
Master’s Oath.
onstitution.
Master and War-
dens, Election of.
Council.
City of Dublin; and four persons are named as wardens, and they and their successors are
directed to take an Oath in the following terms: “You, and every of you, shall swear to be
true and faithful unto the King our Sovereign Lord, his heirs and successors; you shall not be
against his profit nor advantage, but that ye shall be to the advancement of his crown as much
as in your power shall be; furthermore, you and every of you shall duly and truly execute
and perform the office of wardens of the Company of Goldsmiths, and, in that place or office
whereunto you and every of you are now appointed, you and every of you shall faithfully and
uprightly behave yourselves. Ye shall therein to every person and persons who shall brin
..or cause to be brought unto your hands, within your office, any manner of silver-plate to be
tried or touched, or any weight, called Troy weight, to be asseized according to his Majesty's
standard, use yourselves in the due execution of the same according to right, equity, and
justice; and also that you, or any of you, do not sett, or by your powers do not suffer to be
sett, the King's Majesty's stamp, called the Harp Crowned, now appointed by his Majesty,
on no manner of plate of silver unto you brought unto your said office by any manner of
person or persons, unless the said silver-plate be in every part and parcel thereof according to
his Majesty's standard, called eleven ounces to pennyweight; and in case it be under, and not
of the said fineness, you and every of you shall cause it to be broken ere ever it pass your
hands, whose plate or of what value soever it be. And you, and every of you, shall also make
true and diligent search from time to time, as often as need shall require, for all deceivable
wares of gold and silver, and do and perform all other things whatsoever touching the said
office, according to the law, and according to the purport of his Majesty's grant, in that
behalf made unto the said Company of Goldsmiths, without fear, favour, love, hatred, or
affection, by you or any of you to be borne to any manner of person or persons. So help your
God, and the contents of this book.”
The charter further directs that the company shall elect four wardens annually, in like
manner as is done by the Goldsmiths’ Company in London, and with the same powers, and
that they (the company) shall make regulations for the trade, but such regulations not to be
valid until they are approved of by the two Chief Justices and Chief Baron of the Exchequer,
and laid before the Lord Lieutenant in Privy Council. It ordains that the wardens shall
have scrutiny or assay of all gold and silver wrought or offered for sale in Dublin, and in all
fairs and markets throughout Ireland, and shall correct and punish all delinquencies therein,
with the aid, if necessary, of the mayor and sheriffs of Dublin, and of the magistrates of fairs
and markets elsewhere, with power to break all deceptive wares, and to punish the makers and
venders thereof; and to punish all makers and venders of deceptive gold, silver, gems, precious
stones, pearl, or coral, according to the laws, statutes, and ordinances in that behalf named,
and to seize, break, and render unsaleable any deceptive wares as aforesaid: that they shall
cause all wares wrought within three miles of Dublin to be assayed in their common hall,
and, if found correct, to be stamped with their mark: that they should have all rights and
powers exercised by the company in Iondon, or by any company of goldsmiths in England
or Ireland; that the goldsmiths in all towns in Ireland shall observe the regulations of
Dublin; that one or two goldsmiths from every town in which the art is practised should
proceed to Dublin, to make themselves acquainted with the touch of gold and silver, and with
the punch, a crowned harp, as is the custom in London; that no goldsmith shall work up or
sell wares of gold of less value than 22 carats, and shall not use “sotheraumell or stuffings”
in their works beyond what is necessary for their finish; that they shall not charge beyond
the rate of 12d, the ounce for gold, beyond the fashion, above what it would be valued at the
King's mint, under forfeiture of the value of such article; that they shall not make or sell
any wares of silver of less value than 11 ounces and two pennyweights, nor take beyond the
rate of 12d. for every pound weight of silver wares, besides the fashion, more than its value at
the King's mint, and shall not expose for sale any silver wares until the workman thereof
shall have affixed his own private mark on such part as can conveniently bear it, under
penalty of forfeiture of the ware; that the wardens shall have power to seize wares deceptively
stamped, and confiscate same, and that one-half of the value of the forfeiture shall go to
the King, and the other half to the person who has been injured by the fraud; that no one
shall be admitted to the freedom of the company until he shall have proved the service of an
apprenticeship of seven years, and that he has wrought a piece of work of silver called his
“masterpiece,” to be approved of by the wardens for the time being ; and it ordains that the
wardens and company shall be obedient to all regulations to be thereafter made respecting
the art by the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council.
The senior warden is now called the master, and the corporation consists of the master, three
wardens, a council, and brethren or freemen, without limit as to number. The inferior
º are, an assay-master, a deputy assay-master, a weigher and drawer, a clerk, and a
ea. CIIC.
For the Election of a Master, the master in office and the three wardens return a name
each to the council of the house; the council select two out of the four, which they send down
to the hall, and the freemen there assembled elect one out of the two sent down. The War-
dens are elected in the same manner, each for a term of three years, and it so occurs that
one only is elected annually.
The master and wardens seldom interfere in the assay-office, the duties originally performed
by them being now discharged by the assay-master, and weigher and drawer.
The Council of the House consists of past masters and wardens, and principally regulates
the affairs of the corporation.
Freemen are admitted of right, or by grace especial, and the claims by birth, service, and
marriage are admitted here as in other guilds. It was stated that, in the month of April
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. # 281
DUBLIN.
W
1833, there were about 89 freemen, of whom about 69 were resident in Dublin. The great
majority of them are unconnected with the trade.
The following are the Fees payable on Admissions:—
Fees on freedom by birth: - £. s. d.
- Beadle's fine payable to the corporation . tº I 10 0
Clerk gº º º º Ǻ e © sº 0 16 3
Beadle . o tº • © • - tº O 3 9
Stamp and admission º Atº tº gº • 1 0 0
Fees payable to the city for freedom, having passed the guild :
Town clerk's fees on lodging certificate of freedom to guild
- to be admitted free of city . tº & & gº I 17 7
Fees on freedom by service :
Beadle's fine . & º wº te ſº & I 10 0
Clerk, if indenture enrolled . & . . . £0 16 3 -
If not enrolled . * > º * > * . I 16 3 \
Beadle . tº * > ... • , • * > tº ſº ſº O 3 9
º tº * * tº I 0
Stamp on admission . • .
Fees payable to the city for freedom, having passed the guild:
- Town clerk on lodging certificate of freedom to guild to be
admitted free of city º <> gº t tº ſº I IQ 7
Fees on freedom by grace : º -
Beadle's fine . ſº dº º tº tº tº . 10 0 0
Clerk . {º • • tº tº tº e - 0 16 3
Beadle . wº e º tº e tº 4 × º O 3 9
Stamp . (º sº e ge • sº s tº 3 O 0 W
Fees payable to the city for freedom, having passed the guild:
- Town clerk's fee on lodging certificate of freedom to guild to
be admitted free of the city gº º e tº sº 3 19 8
The Assay-master is elected during good behaviour by the corporation at large. He has
a salary of £100 a-year, and emoluments consisting of his fees of office, &c., to the amount
of about £200 more. - - -
The Deputy Assay-master is connected with the revenue, and is appointed under the Act,
(47 Geo. III., sess. 2, c. 15,) by the corporation at large; in form he is appointed for one
year only, but he is annually re-elected. -
For the collection of the King's duty on wrought plate, he is paid by Government, out of
his receipts, £70 late Irish currency, per annum; in addition to which he receives £36
annually from the guild: he has no fees.
The Weigher and Drawer is elected by the guild at a salary of £70 a-year. He receives
no fees, but has apartments belonging to the guild rent free.
The Beadle and Clerk are elected in the same manner, and hold during good behaviour;
the beadle's salary is £20 per annum, and he receives a similar sum for assisting in the assay-
office. The clerk's salary is £20 per annum, together with fees on admission to freedom.
These fees, however, have scarcely amounted to £5 a-year for the last ten years. The present
clerk is also law agent to the corporation.
By the 3 Geo. III. c. 3, s. 30, &c., (1729,) duties were imposed upon Gold and Silver Plate,
wrought or manufactured, imported into Ireland, or wrought within it, for a term of 21 years; and,
for the better securing the duty, goldsmiths, silversmiths, &c., were prohibited from selling plate
until it should be assayed, touched, and marked as thereby directed; and it was enacted that
all gold or silver plate, during the term of 21 years, should be assayed by the assay-master,
then or thereafter to be appointed by the fraternity or company of goldsmiths in the city of
Dublin; and after such assay, if such gold plate should be found conformable to the standard
of 22 carats of fine gold in every pound troy, and such silver plate to the standard of
11oz. 2dwts. fine silver in every pound troy, then the same should be touched by the wardens
of the said fraternity or company, and marked with the marks then used for that pnrpose; and
then the duty should be paid to the assay-master, who was required to stamp the plate as the
Commissioners should appoint, and to pay the duty into the Exchequer, the officer stamping
the plate being empowered to retain a yearly sum of £20 for his salary, for the execution of
his office. By the 15 Geo. II. c. 6, s.4, the Commissioners were empowered to grant an addi-
tional Salary to the Assay-master, not exceeding £20. These duties were appropriated to the
Commissioners (for inland navigation, &c.) appointed under that Act. These duties were
further continued for 21 years by the 23 Geo. II. c. 5, 25 Geo.II. c. 10, s. 22, and for seven
years by the 11, 12 Geo. III, c. 4, and for seven years by the 17, 18 Geo. III. c. 16.
The 23, 24 Geo. III, c. 23, repealed the 3 Geo. II. c. 3, and all Acts continuing and amend-
ing it, so far as respected the Assaying of Gold or regulating the sale thereof, and established
three standards of fineness, viz., of not less than 22, 20, and 18 carats of fine gold in every
pound weight troy, and prohibited sale, exchange, or export of manufacture of gold of other
standards, and until marked, assayed, and stamped as thereby directed, on pain of forfeiting
such gold, or the value thereof, and also the sum of £10. -
This Act then regulated the marks to be put by the makers on gold manufacture for the
GUILDS.
Fees on Admissions.
Assay-master.
Deputy.
Weigher and .
Drawer.
Beadle and Clerk. .
Assaving of Gold
and Silver Plate
confided to the
Goldsmiths' Com-
pany for a term of .
years.
Salary of Assay-
master.
The Assaying and
Stamping of Gold
regulated.
DUBLIN.
282 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
GUILDS.
Prices payable to
the Goldsmiths'
Company for Gold
assayed. -
Application of the
Moneys received for
Assaying.
Office Hours.
Books to be kept.
several standards, and required that it should be stamped at the assay-office in Dublin, with
a harp crowned, or at the assay-office in New Geneva, in the county of Waterford, with a like
harp, and a bar across its strings, excepting, however, rings and other small articles. Among
other regulations it was directed that persons manufacturing gold should enter impressions
of their new marks or punches, with their names and places of abode, in either of those assay-
offices, upon paying 5s, to the assayer or wardens, who were required to make the impressions
on pewter or copper, and to make entries of the marks, names, and places of abode, &c., in a
book to be carefully kept for that purpose, if such owners were resident in Dublin or New
Geneva. In case the gold assayed should be found less than the particular standard, then t
was to be assayed a second time on the same day; and, if required, a third time, which third
trial should be made, if in Dublin, on the “hall-day” next following; and, if found composed
of infirm fineness, it was to be defaced and broken, and returned to the maker, who should
pay for the assaying and additional assaying, but not for stamping. The warden, deputy
warden, or assayer, was empowered to refuse to permit the wares to be stamped if adjudged
by him too much charged with solder, or not to be forward enough in the workmanship. In case
of his suspecting that other metal was contained inside he was authorized to cut the gold, and
if there should be found other metal, or gold less in firleness than the standard marked, then
such ware should be broken and defaced, and the warden, deputy warden, and assayer, were
authorized and directed to deface and break it, and it was forfeited to the company of gold-
Smiths in Dublin, or to the corporation of New Geneva, according as it should be brought to
either of the assay-offices respectively; the produce to be applied towards defraying the ex-
penses of such assay-office, but with power to the company of goldsmiths to remit the whole
or part of the forfeiture to them, if, upon examination, they should find that there was no frau-
dulent intention in the maker; but, if no fraud should be discovered, then the warden, deputy-
warden, or assayer, should forthwith make recompense in money to the owner to the full amount
of the damage done, and charge it to the account of the expenses of the office.
If any gold ware should be injured at either of the assay-offices, and complaint be made by
the maker or owner, the wardens of the company of goldsmiths, or persons to be appointed by
the corporation of New Geneva, were required to judge of the complaint, and to make full
recompense in money to the persons whose work should have been injured by the marking of
the same for such injury; and the wardens, &c., should, as they should judge right, either
charge the same to the account of the expenses of the assay-office, or deduct it from the wages
or salary of the person in the assay-office who should, by stamping, have injured the gold
Wal’e.
The Prices for the Company to take bringing Gold ware to be assayed, or assayed and
stamped, were regulated not to exceed the following:—
For assaying any piece or pieces, or parcel of gold marked of any
one of the standards, and brought at the same time - º - 1s. 0d. per oz.
For stamping sº - º º º - sº - - 0 3d.
But no single parcel to contain more than 60Z., except containing a single piece of work.
The warden, &c. was empowered to refuse to assay and stamp the gold wares, until such
prices should be actually paid. -
In case the Moneys allowed to be taken by the company for the Assaying, or assaying and
stamping, should be more than sufficient to defray the necessary expenses of the assay-office,
then the overplus money should be applied to the prosecution of offenders against the Act;
and if such prosecutions should not require the whole of such overplus, then the overplus
money might be applied to the use of the company, or the support of the decayed brethren
thereof.
The warden and assayer of the company were required, from time to time, to make six in-
dented trial-pieces, two of each standard, to be publicly assayed at the hall of the company,
on six days’ public motice, one of each standard to be delivered to the assayer, and the other to
the assayer (if any) of New Geneva, to be deposited in their offices as guides for trying
late.
p It was directed that the office of the company should be kept open during such hours, not
less than two in the day, and during so many days, not less than three in each week, as the
company should appoint by public advertisement, for the purpose of receiving and taking in
manufactures of gold or silver to be assayed, or assayed and stamped, in the office. A Book was
ordered to be kept, whereinshould be entered (under the three heads of the respective standards)
the names of the owners of the gold wares assayed, with a corresponding number, the day on
which assayed, the weight, and the assortment, and an account of the quantity, also of the
deficiency in the fineness (if any) of the gold wares defaced and broken; an account of the
moneys received for assaying, or assaying and stamping, of gold wares; and an account of the
officers' and servants' salaries and wages, and of all other incidental expenses attending the
same. Every member of the company should have free access to the said books, and to the
inspection thereof.
No assayer was allowed to discover, by description in words or otherwise, to any person, any
patterm of gold plate or other ware brought to the office, or permit it to be viewed by any
person but the wardens and other persons necessarily employed in the office.
The punches or stamping instruments were to be locked up in a box, with two different
locks, one of the keys to be kept by the wardens, deputy-wardens, or touch-warden, and the
other by the assayer; and punches, &c., were not to be taken out of the boxes but in the pre-
sence of one of the wardens or deputy wardens, and one assayer; and the gold wares
to be stamped in the presence of two or more of the wardens or deputy wardens, and one
assayer. -
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 283
DUBLIN.
A penalty of £200, and loss of office, was imposed for violating the duties thus
‘prescribed. -
An appeal to the company of goldsmiths was given to any person who should think himself
aggrieved by any act or determination of any warden, deputy warden, or assayer of the com-
pany, and their determination was made final and decisive. -
A Power was given the company of making Bye-laws, rules, and orders, for the well-govern-
ment and management of their officers, and for fixing the time and manner for receiving in
and delivering out plate brought to be assayed; and for every other purpose relative to the
conduct or management of the office, so as they should not contradict this Act, or the laws of
the realm.
And as the attendance of a Touch-warden or an assistant assay-master was necessary at the
assay-office in Dublin, as well for the purposes of this Act as for the assaying and levying the
duties on silver ware, the company of goldsmiths was empowered to appoint annually, and as
often as there should be a vacancy, a proper person, who should have been bred to and worked
in the trade of a goldsmith or silversmith, to be touch-warden or assistant assayer; and the
officer appointed to stamp or mark plate by virtue of the 3 Geo. II. c. 3, was to detain, out of
the duties on wrought silver plate, the yearly sum of £70 for the Salary; and the touch-warden,
or such officer as the Commissioners of Inland Navigation should appoint, was directed to
execute the duty of the inspector of duties on wrought plate. -
No merchant, manufacturer, or Dealer in Gold or Silver Wares, was permitted to sell or
expose to sale, buy, exchange, or export any wares made of gold or silver, or of both, or any
jewels, either set or unset, unless he should first register his name and place of abode with
the company in a book to be kept for that purpose, paying a Fee of 1s. to the person entering
the same, and so on every change of abode.
No assay-master or touch-warden, or weigher or drawer of gold, in the assay-office of
T]ublin, was permitted to exercise the trade or occupation of a goldsmith or silversmith. -
The duties upon wrought and manufactured gold and silver plate granted to the Inland
Navigation Board by the 3 Geo. II. c. 3, were further continued by the 26 Geo. III. c. 38, for
21 years from the 25th of March, 1786; but by the 29 Geo. III. c. 33, so much of the 26 Geo.
III. as continued those duties was repealed, and by another Act of the same session similar
duties were granted to the Crown.
In 1807 an Act was passed, 47 Geo. III. s. 2, c. 15, reciting that the laws then in force for
regulating and securing the collection of the duty payable to his Majesty on gold and silver
plate, wrought, made, or manufactured in Ireland, had been found insufficient. By this Act
so much of the 3 Geo. II. c. 3, as related to gold and silver plate was repealed.
It was then enacted that every person who should sell or make gold or silver plate in Ire-
land should obtain a licence for the purpose from the Commissioners of Excise, as directed by
the 47 Geo. III. s. 1, c. 35, on which a duty had been placed by the Act, c. 18, of the same
SeSSIOI).
It was further provided that all Gold and Silver plate wrought, made, or manufactured in
Ireland should be assayed by the Assay-master appointed by the fraternity or company of
goldsmiths of the city of Dublin, or by a deputy Assay-master or other officer, to be appointed
y the said fraternity or company in such parts of Ireland as they should think fit; and if
such gold plate should be found conformable to the three standards of not less than 22, or 20,
or 18 carats of fine gold in every pound weight troy ; and if such silver plate should be found
conformable to the standard of 11oz. 2dwts. fine silver in every pound weight troy;-then the
same should be touched by the assay-master, or such deputy assay-master or other officer, and
marked with the marks in the said respective cases by law required, and then or thereafter to
be used for that purpose; and, after the same should be touched and marked as aforesaid, the
assay-master should thereupon stamp or mark, without fee or reward, the said plate, with
such stamps and marks as were then in use, or as the Commissioners of Excise should devise
and appoint.
This Act directed that the assay-master, and every deputy assay-master, or other officer so
to be appointed, should be sworn to the due and faithful execution of his office.
Every working goldsmith and silversmith, or manufacturer of gold or silver, was required
to send with every parcel of gold or silver to the assay-master, deputy assay-master, or other
officer, a note or memorandum, fairly written, containing the day of the month and year, the
Christian and surname of the worker or maker, and place of his or her abode, and also all the
species of such parcel of plate, and the number of each species, with the total receipt of the
parcel, and the sum payable to his Majesty for duty thereupon; and, also, with the parcel, pay
the duty to the assay-master, &c. A mark of the King's head was appointed to signify pay-
ment of the duty, which was to be paid previously to the marks, and a receipt to be given
for it; and the assay-masters and the company of goldsmiths were made accountable for
the duty. .. -
Whenever gold or silver plate should be sent to be marked and assayed in any unfinished
state, so that a diminution in the weight must necessarily remain to be made before it should
'be finished, the assay-master, &c., was directed to make to the person bringing the plate a
deduction of one-sixth part of the duty, and, at the bottom of the note or memorandum to be
kept, express the deduction and allowance of the duty; but this did not extend to silver plate
of less than loz. troy, or any fractional part of an ounce.
This Act contained directions that the assay-master should file the notes, and keep accounts
of the duty received, and lodge his books and the duplicates of his receipts quarterly with the
goldsmiths' company, for the inspection of the Commissioners of Excise. If required by the
company, he was bound to pay the duty weekly to them, and they were bound in two days
to pay them over to the collector of excise at Dublin, and in two months after each quarter-
GUILDs,
Power to make
Bye-laws.
Touch-warden. ,
His Salary.
Registry of Dealers
in Gold or Silver
Wares.
Fee.
Power of Gold-
smiths' Company to
appoint Assay-
masters of Gold
and Silver through-
out Ireland. .
FurtherRegulations.
for securing Pay-
ment of the King's
Duty.
• DUBLIN.
284 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS ON
GUILDS.
Per-centage on the
Duty granted to the
Goldsmiths’ Com-
pany. ;
Management of the
Duties transferred
to the Commission-
ers of Stamps.
Regulations for
Assay-office.
day deliver to the Commissioners true copies of the accounts, and pay any balance appearing
due; and in like manner the deputy assay-masters, &c., were directed to make weekly payments
to the collectors of their districts, and quarterly returns, and lodge their books with such
collectors.
The Commissioners of Excise, it was enacted, should make an allowance out of the Duties to
the Goldsmiths' Company for their expenses, pains, and trouble in the execution of this Act,
after the rate of 1s. in the pound for all moneys received by any collector of excise, and duly
accounted for under the Act.
The Management of the Duties granted by the 47 Geo. III. c. 18, s. 1, upon gold and silver
plate, and by the 55 Geo. III. c. 19, on licences to sell or make gold and silver plate, which
had been saved by the 6 Geo. IV. c. 81, s. 35, was, by the 6 Geo. IV. c. 118 (5th July,
1825), transferred from the Commissioners of Excise to the Commissioners of Stamps. In-
deed the whole of this department seems naturally to belong to the Commissioners of
Stamps, and there is no good reason for leaving any branch of it under the control of a local
bodv.
º, following Regulations for the Assay-office were settled between the Commissioners of
Stamps and the corporation in the month of December 1825, and have since been posted
there:—
“The corporation having received a communication from the Commissioners of Stamps,
expressing a desire, on the part of the Government, to assimilate the manner of assaying and
collecting the duty, &c., on plate, in Dublin, to the practice of the London Assay-office,
have (with the approbation of the Commissioners of Stamps), at a Post Hall held in Golden
Lane, on the 5th day of December, 1825, unanimously adopted the following regulations,
which our assay-master is hereby instructed to carry immediately into effect:
“The assay office to be open for receiving work on the following days in each week, viz.
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, from nine in the morning till ten, and
no work to be received, on any account, after that hour.
“The following days to be kept as holidays:–
“Ash Wednesday, King's birth-day, Good Friday, Easter Tuesday, Easter Wednesday,
Whitsun Tuesday, Whitsun Wednesday, swearing in Wardens and Officers, Lord Mayor's
Day, Christmas Day, and the three following days. e
Article 1st. “No work to be received from any person, unless he shall be licensed by the
Commissioners of Stamps to make or sell gold or silver plate, or unless he shall state on the
back of the tickets sent with the work the name and residence of the person for whom the
plate is made, and, if such last-mentioned person should not be a licensed silversmith or a
watchmaker, the work not to be assayed.
2d. “Every workman, previous to sending work to the hall, to enter his name, place of
working and residence, and the mark of his initials, in a book kept for that purpose, before he
is suffered to have his work touched; and if, at any time, his mark punch shall be worn out
or damaged, the assay-master not to suffer his work to be assayed or marked until such work-
man enters a new mark punch.
3d. “Every workman to send with each parcel of silver two notes plainly written or
printed, stating the day of the month and year, and Christian and surname of the party, his
residence, and a description of the work, with the name and amount of the duty; and, in
case the notes shall not agree with the work so sent, such work to be returned to the workman,
with the notes for correction: every workman to send the exact amount of the duty, and also
the money without requiring change, or the work will be returned.
4th. “Every workman to stamp the initials of his name on every piece of plate sent to be
assayed, and, in case the same are not struck plain, the assay-master not to suffer it to be
touched, but to return it. *
5th. “The workman to send his large and small work in separate parcels; all the parts
which are to be attached to any piece of plate to be sent at the same time, viz., watch-cases,
bowes and pendants; tea-pot, nuts and screws, &c.; the following articles to be considered
large work, table spoons and forks, tea-pots, sugar-basins, milk-ewers, and all other large
late.
p 6th. “ The assay-master not to take in any work but what is in such a forward state that
the marks to be impressed thereon may not be damaged or defaced in the finishing.
7th. “Several assays to be made from each parcel of gold or silver, and no work to be
allowed to be marked until such work be reported to be of the standard required by law; and
in case any work is reported to be in doubt, the work to be retried next hall day, and not
before.
8th. “All work sent to be assayed and marked, and found not to be of the standard, shall
be broken, and the money paid for touching such plate shall be forfeited by the party, the
duty only to be returned.
9th. “No allowance to be made to the workman under one ounce, but the full duty to be
paid for all pennyweights; the work to be weighed, and the pennyweights to be ac-
counted for.
10th. “The dies to be regulated the same as in England.
11th. “The marks to be changed annually on the 28th day of May, and all the old marks
to be defaced in the presence of the master and wardens.
12th. “ The engraver of the marks to examine the dies at least once every week, to see
that they are in good order, as well as to enable him to identify the marks, in case any fraud
may be practised.
13th. “The following duties to be paid on all pennyweights under one ounce, per
annexed table:—
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 285
DUBLIN."
f dwfs. d. dwts. d.
- l o 0% 11 ſº 6%
2 g l; 12 wº 7%
\ 3 © 2 13 © 8
4 2% 14 8%
5 3 15 tº 9
6 3} 16 e 9%
7 & 4}. 17 ... 10}
8 º 5 18 . 11
9 º 5% 19 . I l;
10 : 6 20 12
14th. “. Every workman coming or sending for his work to send a receipt, being a coun-
terpart of his note sent in with his work in the morning.
15th. “That the deputy assay-master do hold one of the keys of the box containing the
punches, and the commissioners of stamps or their officers another, and that the assay-
master do keep said box, under lock and key, in the iron safe. w
* “Duty of Assay-master:-
“To assay all work brought to the office on the days appointed for the purpose.
“To examine such work as shall be brought to the office, in order to prevent any abuses
or advantages that might be taken by manufacturers, and also to assist in determining
the proper allowance made on the gross weight by the weigher and drawer to the
workmen. .
“To receive his Majesty's duty, payable on such work as shall be stamped, and also the
touch-penny.
“To account with and pay to the master, in presence of the corporation, on quarter-days,
that part of the touch-penny which he is obliged to pay by articles.
“To make assays of all gold and silver that shall be sent to said office, agreeable to the
following rates:—
s. d.
“To assay for Free brothers' silver g © * 0 2
& & 25 Quarter brothers’ ditto º 0 4
& Gº 22 Persons not following the business . º O 5
& © 35 Gold and parting assays tº © 1 0
“Assaying gold and silver to be taught the freemen at three guineas each, the assay-
master paying all expenses.
“To keep one of the keys of the punch-box.
“Duty of Touch-warden and Deputy Assay-master:-
“To attend with the weigher and drawer at nine o'clock in the morning.
“To stamp gold and silver manufacture when reported standard by the assay-master, and
to break or deface all such work as shall be deficient in fineness.
“To keep one of the keys of the punch-box.
“To assay gold and silver during any indisposition of the assay-master.
“To put the assays in the fire.
“To examine gold work brought to the assay-office, and not to strike the marks on the
same if there shall appear to be more solder than is necessary, and to see that the standard
is marked on each parcel of work, and to break the same if deficient in fineness.
“To keep an account of gold and silver assayed and stamped each day, the owner's name,
assortment, weight, standard, &c., and report if deficient in fineness, number of trials, sums
received for stamping and assaying the same, and to keep an account of the incidental
expenses of the office. --
“To enter the mark-punches of gold manufacturers in copper, and also to make a like
entry of said mark-punches, with the owner's name and place of abode, and the time of such
registry, in a book kept for that purpose.
“To take an account, each hall-day, of every parcel of silver work, and the assort-
ment sent to the office; the owner's name, gross and net weight, and number of trials;
report if deficient in fineness, weight of silver work broke, and to make up said accounts
quarterly. -
“To keep the registry-book for entering the names and places of abode of dealers in gold
and silver throughout the kingdom of Ireland.
“Duty of Weigher and Drawer:-
“To break silver manufacture when reported worse than standard, according to the assay-
master's article with the corporation. *
“To attend every hall-day in his office at nine o'clock in the morning to receive the work.
“To weigh the work and enter the gross weight, and, with the assistance of the assay-
master, or, in his absence, of the assistant assay-master, to strike the work, and to assist in
determining the proper allowances to be made the workmen for finishing.
“To draw and scrape the work in the presence of the assay-master or assistant, (after ten
o'clock, when the office is shut,) to fold the drawings and scrapings up in paper with the owner's
name and date thereon. -
“To hold the work for the touch-warden for him to strike the marks.
“To enter the net weight of each man's work, and the amount of the touch-money, in books
kept for the purpose, and to make a return to the corporation every quarter-day.
“To return the work when broke or hall-marked.”
M. C. I. 2 R.
GUILDS.
Duty of Assay-
master.
Duty of Touch-
warden and De-
puty Assay-master.
Duty of Weigher,
and Drawer.
286 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
'GUILDS.
Return of Property
by the Guilds.
Smiths.
18arbers.
Bakers.
Butchers.
The officers of the assay-office do not exercise any jurisdiction over plate having the English
hall-mark. y * *
To the order of the House of Commons already mentioned, requiring “a Return of the
charitable funds and other property in the possession, order, or disposition of each municipal
corporation in Ireland, the manner in which the same have been, acquired, and the purposes
for which the same were given, and the mode in which they are now distributed and applied,”
all the Guilds, except the tailors and joiners, made returns. The return of the merchants has
been already given, those of the other guilds are as follow : «
CoRPoRATION of SMITHs, OR GUILD OF ST. Loy.
The corporation of Smiths have no fund for charitable purposes. The funds in possession of
the guild are, -
In Bank of Ireland, about £127 0 0
In hands of Mr. James Scarlett, Clontuk-lodge, Brumcondra 90 () ()
In hands of Mr. John Patteson, of Prussia-street º © 20 0 ()
In Mr. Joseph Smyth's hånds, with interest © & gº I03 0 O
:5340 0 0
This is as near as I can ascertain it. From Mr. Joseph Smyth I never could get an
account; he was treasurer before I came into office.
* WILLIAM JORDAN LAMBERT,
3d April, 1833. - Clerk of Guild.
CorporATION OF BARBERs.
This corporation is not in possession of any charitable fund, or any other property
whatsoever. -
WILLIAM CLINTON,
1st April, 1833. - Clerk of Guild.
* Conromation of BAKERs.
No charitable funds or other property in the possession, order, or disposition of this corpo-
ration. º -
{ * F. J. CARD,
16th February, 1833. - Clerk of Guild.
CoRPORATION OF BUTCHERs.
This guild has no property whatever, nor any funds but what are derived from quarterage
and reports, which are applied in paying the expenses of the guild, and are as follow:
By quarterage © tº tº se º gº Q. . E15 0 0
By reports . tº o tº gº º c g wº 60 0 0
Annual amount of funds . gº tº . E75 0 0
What are here termed reports are documents signed by the master and wardens of the
guild, stating the damages awarded on cattle, sheep, pigs, calves, &c., the butcher who
bought the same, the salesman from whom purchased, and by whom fed ; each report being
charged 2s. for viewing, serving, &c. - *
The sum derived from this source is equally divided between the clerk and beadle of the
guild, and is liable to considerable variations.
, The annual average amount I think to be about . tº ... f60 0 0
To the clerk, exclusive of reports e g wº • , e. 20 0 0
To the beadle, exclusive of reports tº * > º º 12 0 0
Hall rent, and other expenses attending the same tº, wº 5 0 0
Stationery . º ©, • º « . • tº tº, 1 1 ()
Total amount of expenses . & º 98. 1 0
Deducting amount of fund . & tº 75 () 0
Leaving a deficiency of tº º . #23 l () -
which has been generally made up by subscription. All other officers of the guild serve
gratis. -
WILLIAM BULL,
4th March, 1833. f . Clerk of the Guild.
*Carpenters.
Corporation of CARPENTERs.
This corporation is possessed of a hall in St. Andrew's-lane, in the city of Dublin, erected
by them on a lot of ground which they purchased in the year 1704 for that purpose. They
mortgaged the building, and some houses which they then held in St. Thomas-street, for a
term of years, long since expired. The hall is at present in a very ruinous state.
This corporation is also possessed of a lot of ground on Arbour-hill, granted to them by the
corporation of Dublin, for the purpose of erecting an alms-house for decayed freemen and
their widows, which has been accordingly built by subscription. The salaries of the officers
of the corporation are paid, for the use of the hall, by the guilds of chandlers and hatters, who
have no hall, the rent of the ground-floor under the hall, and by quarterage, at the rate of
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 287.
DUBLIN-
2s. per annum, payable by the brethren of the corporation. The corporation is possessed of
no other property whatsoever. - -
# s BLENT WooDs, -
19th February, 1833. . tºmºmºsºmsº - Clerk of Guild.
g CoRPORATION OF SHOEMAKERs. *
There are no charitable funds in the possession, order, or disposition of this corporation.
They hold two houses in Castle-street, under a conveyance in fee, executed to them in the
twelfth year of Henry the Sixth, by the executors or trustees named in the will of one Galfred
Parker. They also hold two houses in High-street, under a lease granted to them, dated the
20th June, 1745, by Quarle Somerville, Esq., at £30 a-year, for 900 years; and the purposes
to which such rents and profits are applied appear by a printed account of the treasurer of
said guild for the last year, transmitted herewith. - . -
- JoHN DoolEY, !Mast
C. S. MURPHY, } ,8.SterS.
SAMUEL Dool.EY, Warden.
THOMAs DoolEy, Clerk of Guild.
CoRPORATION of SADDLERs.
This corporation has no charitable funds, nor any other property whatsoever, in possession,
order, or disposition.
x GABRIEL WHISLER, Master.
JoHN SHAw, Ward
11th March, 1833. º JosTPH HENRY CALLAGHAN, } al’OleIlS.
CoRPORATION OF Cooks AND WINTNERs.
This corporation has not any charitable funds nor other property in its possession, order, or
disposition. - -
JoHN WIBER,
gººmsºmº Clerk of the Guild.
CORPORATION OF TANNERs.
This corporation has not any charitable funds or other property in its possession, order, or
disposition, save what the members thereof subscribe to remunerate their officers for their
domestic services. *
- - GEORGE IRWIN,
23d February, 1833. Clerk.
CORPORATION OF TALLow-CHANDLERs, SoAP-BoILERs, AND WAx-LIGHT MAKERs.
This corporation has neither charitable funds nor other property in their possession, order,
or disposition.
- JAMES REARNEY,
22d February, 1833. - Clerk of the Guild.
CoRPoRATION OF GLOVERS AND SKINNERs.
The corporation have made a diligent search from the earliest period downwards, and were
unable to discover that they were in possession of any property whatever, either charitable
or otherwise.
JoHN JONES, Master. -
HENRY HEMPSTON, Ward
26th March, 1833. SAMUEL FIGGIs, } al"ClCIlS.
CoRPORATION OF WEAVERs.
The corporation is possessed of a guild-hall, on the Comb, and two houses adjoining thereto,
which were built by subscriptions from the opulent freemen of the guild and others; the guild-
hall for holding its meetings, and the adjoining houses, one intended for an alms-house for
reduced free brothers, the other for a school for poor children of the working weavers, and
those branches depending on them, without religious distinction: the entire concerns subject
to £10 per annum, late currency.
In the year 1776, and for some years prior and subsequent, the corporation conducted a
lottery to support their two charities, which they pursued until stopped by Parliament pro-
hibiting all lotteries, and which, aided by some few subscriptions from opulent individuals,
supported said charities.
Shortly after the Act prohibiting lotteries, this corporation was reluctantly obliged to close
the school-house, and let it for £18 per ammum, late currency, in order to pay the rent of the
concerns and taxes thereon. • - t
On the ceasing of said lottery, the balance remaining was lodged in three and a half per
cent. Government stock, amounting to £314 14s, producing £1 10s. 4d. per annum, present
currency, which sum, with £18 rent, are the only permanent funds possessed by the corpo-
ration, and appropriated as aforesaid.
The incident expenses of the corporation are chiefly supported by a quarterage, paid by
the solvent freemen, of 6%d. per quarter, and by fees of one guinea on admission of freedom by
birth or service, and two guineas by grace especial.
* * * + GEORGE IRWIN, .
8th April, 1833. Clerk of the Guild.
y
Shoemakers.
Saddlers.
Cooks and Wintners.
Tanners.
Tallow-chandlers,
&c,
Glovers and Skin-
Ile I'S,
Weavers.
2 R 2
DUBLIN.
288 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
GUILDS.
Shearmen, &c.
Goldsmiths.'
Coopers.
Felt-makers.
Cutlers, &c.
Bricklayers and
Plasterers.
Hosiers.
Curriers.
Brewers.
Apothecaries.
CoRPORATION OF SHEARMEN.
This corporation is not possessed of any property whatever.
GEORGE PARKINson,
24th February, 1833. Clerk of the Corporation.
CoRPoRATION OF GoLDSMITHs.
The corporation of Goldsmiths of the city of Dublin were incorporated by charter granted by
his late Majesty, King Charles II., and by their charter are entitled to be paid 1d. per ounce
on all gold and silver sent to the assay-office of the corporation to be assayed and touched.
The corporation are also entitled, under an Act of Parliament passed in the 27th and 28th
years of the reign of his late Majesty King George III., to the payment of five per cent. for
collecting the duty payable to his Majesty on wrought plate sent to the assay-office of the
corporation to be assayed and touched.
The corporation are entitled to a yearly profit rent of £15 13s. 9d., arising out of premises
in the city of Dublin of uncertain tenure, and to the dividend arising from the sum of
f'94 6s. Iłd., three and a half per cent. Government stock, the property of the corporation,
against which there are several outstanding demands due by the corporation, in consequence
of the decrease in the revenue by the falling offin the manufacture of plate.
The corporation derive no revenue from any charitable donation; and the income which
they receive from the above sources is applied in the payment of the rent and taxes of the hall
and assay-office, providing necessaries for the process of assay, and in stamping of the
work sent to the assay-office, payment of salaries to the several officers of the corporation, and
those employed in the assay-office, receiving the duty payable to his Majesty on wrought
plate, and keeping the accounts thereof, as also in the payment of annuities to the distressed
widows of deceased freemen.
THOMAS WILSON,
Clerk of the Guild.
23d February, 1833.
CoRPORATION OF Coopers.
This corporation has not been in possession of funds or other property since the year 1805,
in which year I was elected their clerk, and on the 22d July, 1830, their treasurer.
John PASLEY,
Guild Clerk and Treasurer.
CoRPORATION OF FELT-MAKERs.
The said corporation were in or about the year 1770 bequeathed by ancient members of the
guild two legacies, one for £50 and the other for £100, Irish currency, upon trust to convert
the same, and in the month of December in every year to distribute the interest among the
poor persons, both male and female, belonging to the corporation, which has been done without
any deviation to the present time, and the principal now stands vested in Government
SecurltleS.
The only other property the corporation possess is a sum of £50, which in the year 1789
was raised by a subscription amongst the then members of guild, and converted to raise a fund
to pay the rent of the hall in which the corporate meetings are held, to which purpose the
interest has been ever since applied. - THOMAS NoFRIs, Clerk.
CoRPORATION OF CUTLERs, PAINTER STAINERs, AND STATIONERs.
Nil. >
PATRICK MURRAY,
Clerk of the Guild.
CoRPORATION OF BRICKLAYERS AND PLASTERERS.
The guild or company are not possessed of any funds or property whatever, and they support
their expenses and pay their officers by annual subscriptions from among themselves.
16th February, 1833. WILLIAM WHITE.
CoRPORATION OF Hosiers.
\ No property whatever.
John RICHARDSON,
Clerk of the Guild.
18th March, 1833.
- CoRPORATION OF CURRIERs.
This corporation have not any property whatever in their corporate capacity.
GEORGE FAULKNER.
CoRPORATION OF BREWERs.
There are no charitable funds or other property in the possession, order, or disposition of
this corporation. SAMUEL AICKIN, gº
1st March, 1833. Clerk of the Corporation.
CoRPORATION OF APOTHECARIES.
This corporation are not, nor never were, in possession of any charitable funds, nor are they
at present in possession of any property whatever.
- JAMEs KENNEDY,
26th February, 1833. Clerk of the Guild.
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 289
DUBLIN.
APPENDIX II.
MANORIAL JURISDICTIONS OR LIBERTIES.
WITHIN and adjoining to the city of Dublin are five local jurisdictions, which are in many
respects exclusive, and independent of the authority of the corporation. Four of these extend,
in part, within the limits of the county of the city, but all are so connected with the exercise of
the municipal authority of the corporation, that, in reference to the purposes of our Com-
mission, we have deemed it our duty to make inquiry into, and report upon them.
The districts over which these local jurisdictions extend are called liberties or manors; they
3.I’é— -
1st. The liberty of St. Sepulchre.
2nd. The liberty or manor of Thomas Court and Donore.
3rd. The liberty of the Deanery of St. Patrick. •
4th. The manor of Glassnevin or Grange Gorman, and liberty of Christ
Church.
5th. The manor of Kilmainham.
There was formerly a sixth, the manor of Mary's Abbey, but the exercise of all manorial
jurisdiction therein has long ceased.
The first three are popularly called the Liberties.*
These separate jurisdictions generally originated in grants from the Crown to the respective
lords of the manors or districts which are comprised within them. There is a strong resem-
blance in the constitution of them all, and it will therefore be necessary only to describe
one of them in detail, and afterwards notice any variations in the constitution or practice
of the others. We shall take, first, St. Sepulchre, as being the most important.
1. The liberty of St. Sepulchre, or the Archbishop's Liberty.
MANORIAL
JURISDICTIONS.
The liberty of St. Sepulchre comprises within its jurisdiction several Manors, some of Manors comprised
which are at a considerable distance from Dublin. They are—
The manor of St. Sepulchre, city and county of Dublin.
The manor of Tallaght, county of Dublin. ,
The manor of Rathcoole or Clondalkin, county of Dublin.
The manor of Shengyhill or Shankill, county of Dublin.
The manor of Ballymore-Eustace, counties of Wicklow and Kildare.
The manor of Castlekevin, county of Wicklow.
The manor of Swords, including Lusk, Clonmelkin, and Rush, county of Dublin.
The manor of Finglass, county of Dublin. -
The manor of St. Sepulchre is situated on the south side of the city; it includes some por-
tion of the county of the city, but is principally in the county of Dublin. By the statute
13, 14 Geo. III., c. 34, s. 2, that part of it which lies to the north of the Circular Road,
including the precincts of St. Patrick's cathedral, was constituted a separate barony of the
county of Dublin, by the name of the Barony of St. Sepulchre. It comprises part of the
parish of St. Peter's, the entire of the parish of Nicholas without the walls, and the old
parish of St. Kevin. Until the time of the Reformation the old parish of St. Patrick
formed a part of the manor of St. Sepulchre, but at that period this parish was erected into
a collegiate church, and created a distinct liberty, by the name of the Liberty of the Dean
and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of St. Patrick, and as such will be hereinafter
noticed. *
The Boundary of the Manor of St. Sepulchre, as distinguished from the other manors
composing this liberty, was stated by the register of the manor to embrace the southern side
of Bishop Street, and the western side of Redmond's Hill to Kevin's Port, to the eastward
by Protestant Row to Harcourt Street, and along the rear of St. Stephen's Green, south, to
within two doors of Hatch Street, along the bounds of the city towards Donnybrook; thence
to Miltown, along the river Dodder by Rathgar Lane to Rathfarnham Road, which it crosses;
thence to Kimmage Road, where it meets the liberty of Donore; thence down Harold's Cross
to New Street, the west side of Harold's Cross being the boundary of Donore; thence to the
Cross Poddle, (now Dean Street,) north side up Francis Street to within a few doors of
Thomas Street; thence eastward to part of Cutpurse Row, along the rear of Back Lane,
including Blackhall Market; thence at the rear of some houses in Patrick Street, including
about half of Bull Alley, which it crosses; thence at the rear of some houses in Patrick
Street, and the front of the remainder of Patrick Street towards the church, until it arrives
* An exemplification of a record, dated in the reign of Edward III., states Thomas Court and
Mary's Abbey to be within the “liberties of the city.” There is also extant a record of 1381, being
an insperimus of a commission of perambulation, and the execution thereof, for ascertaining the mears
and bounds of the “city liberties,” and what part of St. Thomas Court was within the same, and of a
mandate or writ of inquiry of encroachments on the liberties of the city, and a return thereon of en-
croachments by the abbot of St. Thomas. A record of 1587 also exists of an action of trespass, in
which Brabazon was plaintiff and Conram was defendant, for a trespass on the plaintiff’s close at
Pipes, in the county of Dublin; but the defendant’s counsel showing that Pipes was within the “liber-
ties of the city of Dublin,” the jury found for the defendant.
The “liberties of the city,” mentioned in the 10 Geo. I. c. 3; 11 Geo. II. c. 11, s. 10; 11 Geo. II.
c. 13, s. 3; 11, 12 Geo. III. c. 11, s. 50, and several other Acts, are evidently distinguished from the
liberties of St. Sepulchre's, of Thomas Court and Donore, of St. Patrick’s, and of Christ Church,
which are described as liberties “adjoining” the city,
within the liberty of
St. Sepulchre.
Boundary of the
Manor of St. Se-
pulchre.
, DUBLIN.
290 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
* MANORIAL
...JURISDICTIONS.
Wards.
CHARTERs.
1st Charter of John.
2d Charter of John,
31 Henry III.
Edward III.
Richard II.
at Kevin Street; thence eastward nearly opposite Cathedral Lane, to the rear of Bride Street
opposite Peter Street; thence along Bride Street (west side) until it meets the north corner
of Bishop Street.
The precincts of the liberty of the Deanery of St. Patrick (the former parish of St. Patrick)
are, as already stated, included within these bounds. . **
The portion of the manor of St. Sepulchre within the county of the city is small, but the por-
tion between the bounds of the county of the city and the Circular Road is considerable,
comprising a great part of Harcourt Street, part of Leeson Street, Camden Street, part of
Charlemont Street, Charlotte Street, a modern-built and wealthy district, besides part of
Kevin Street, Patrick Street, Kevin's Port, New Street, and other inferior streets; beyond the
Circular Road it includes Richmond Street, part of Charlemont Street, Peter's Place, and
several other streets. -
It is nominally divided into four Wards.
1. The New Street ward.
2. The Poddle ward.
3. St. Kevin's within the line.
4. St. Kevin's without the line, (the line being the Circular Road.)
But these divisions, although continued in name, have now no practical object.
The manor of St. Sepulchre is the principal of the several manors already mentioned in
the counties of Dublin, Wicklow, and Kildare; parts of these liberties are distant 30 or 40
miles from Dublin. * -
Each of the several manors of which this liberty is composed is a distinct manor, and by
charter to be governed by a local officer, called a portreeve, to be appointed and sworn into
office at each Easter leet, to hold for a year, and until another should be appointed in his
place by the semeschal of St. Sepulchre's, as the principal semeschal of the liberties, to
whom they are all amenable.
The portreeve of Swords, a small town about seven miles from Dublin, is the only one of
these local officers now appointed; he is still sworn in annually before the seneschal of St.
Sepulchre's.” - - *
The population within this liberty is estimated at 50,000. They are all subject to the
jurisdiction of the seneschal of St. Sepulchre's, and, in fact, almost every court-day, persons
are processed from the distant manors of Tallaght, Ballymore-Eustace, Rathcoole, and
Swords, and instances are not uncommon of persons being summoned to the Semeschal of
St. Sepulchre's Court from distances of 17 or 18 miles from Dublin. The inhabitants, for
the most part, are very poor.
This extensive local jurisdiction is claimed from prescription and Charter. The principal
charter is dated at Dublin, 16th September, in the 11th year of the reign of Charles I., and
enrolled (Rot. Pat.) 11 Charles I., p. 1, m. 39. It recites, by inspearimus, several ancient char-
ters, commencing with the reign of King John, all in the form of grants to the Archbishop
of Dublin, who is lord of the several manors composing this liberty.
The first of these is a Charter of John, Earl of Morton, and Lord of Ireland, witnessed by
Theobald Walton and others, but without date, which grants and confirms to John, Arch-
bishop of Dublin, and his successors, all liberties and free usages granted by John's prede-
cessors to the Archbishop and his church; and that they may have courts and judgment of
their own men, as well in the city as in extern lands.
Another Charter from John, son to the King of England, and Lord of Ireland, witnessed
at Dublin by W. de Flamare and others, also without date, in consideration of the scarcity
of the people and poverty of the church of Dublin, grants to the same Archbishop the
bishopric of Glendallough, with all its appurtenances and liberties, and free customs, free and
clear of all exactions and secular services.
A Charter dated at Westminster, 20th October, 31 Henry III., confirms the aforesaid
concessions, confirmations, and collations; and these privileges were again confirmed by
King Edward III.
In Alen's Register, in the possession of the Archbishop of Dublin, p. 63, d., there is an
entry of an inquisition made at a parliament of Trisdeldermod, the Wednesday next after the
feast of the Trinity, 48 Hen. III., before Richard de Russell, Chief Justice of Ireland, and
others, finding that Luke, Archbishop of Dublin, predecessor to Fulco, held pleas of the
Crown in his court, as of death, murder, slaying of Englishmen, and all others; theft, robbery,
duel, of land, and of felony, abjuration of fugitives to the church in the lands of the Arch-
bishop, of drownings and accidental deaths, without the King's coroners, and all other pleas
except four, viz., forestalling, rape, treasure-trove, and arson, and that the King's officers gave
their writs at the Archbishop's mansion, at St. Sepulchre's, to his bailiffs, and that Fulco made
no surrender of the said rights and liberties. And in p. 69, d., in a return of a jury at Swerdes,
on the Morrow of St. Martin, 4 Edw. IV., finding that the Archbishop of Dublin has “furce,”
coroners, takes wrecks of the sea and Weym, holds “Pleas de vetito namio,” hues and
bloodshed, holds Englishmen in prison, and levies fines on them, pro burgatoribus recepta-
toribus et usuris; has the correction of bread and beer, and the ell, weight, bushel, and
gallon, by the King's standard, and under his seal; holds all pleas in his court, except
forestalling, rape, arson, and treasure-trove. º
King Richard II., by letters patent, dated at Kilkenny, 5th April, 18th year of his reign,
after reciting that Robert, Archbishop of Dublin, and his predecessors, claimed to have
* See Report on the Borough of Swo, ds, Appendix to the First General Report, p. 259.
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 291
DUBLIN.
within all his domains and manors the liberties therein written, viz., “Sok and Sak, Tol and
Theam, Infangthef and Outfangthef, pleas de morte hominis,” of murder, slaying of Eng-
lishmen, and of all manner of robberies, larcenies, duels of Englishmen, and of all others
within their lordships and manors, abjuration of fugitives and felons flying for sanctuary to the
holy church; the liberty of taking in their courts fines and redemptions for felonies com-
mitted within their domains and manors; to condemn and outlaw felons in their courts; to
have day, year, and waste; to make coroners, and have the inspecting and burying the
English, and all other drowned and killed by mischance, by their coroner, without the King's
coroner; to have the corrections of artificers and labourers within their lordships and manors; to
hold all pleas of the Crown, except four, viz., forestalling, rape, treasure-trove, and arson; to
have their courts, with all the foregoing privileges, held by their own seneschal or sene-
schals, to be appointed from time to time at their pleasure; to have the return of all writs,
&c., within the domains and manors, and crosses of the archbishopric; views of frankpledge;
the assize of wine, bread, ale, weights and measures, to the exclusion of the Royal clerk of
the market, except that once in the year he was to see and examine the standard of the Arch-
MANORIAL -
JURISDICTIONS, ,
*-*-*
bishop; to do all that which to the office of clerk of the market and keeper of the measures
within the manors and crosses aforesaid appertained: and further reciting, that they had within
said manor all pleas to a court baron belonging; the privilege of having a boat on the Anna
Liffey; that they and all their men and tenants should be free of toll, pavage, murage, &c.;
to have a market within their manor of Swords on every Monday, and a fair there on the Eve
of St. Columb and eight days after; to hold weekly markets and annual fairs at Lusk, Bally-
more, and Staghconnel; an annual fair at Dublin on the Eve of the Translation of Saint
Benedict, and for the day of said feast; to have free warren and wreck of the sea; also pillories,
tumbrels, and thewen, in St. Sepulchre's, Swords, Finglass, Clondalkin, Ballymore, Sonegh-
kill, and Castle Kevin : this monarch granted and confirmed all said franchises, liberties,
privileges, usages, and customs, to the Archbishop and his successors, in all the above-men-
tioned places. *
The foregoing liberties and privileges are recited by inspearimus, and by authority of a
great council, held at Drogheda, and thence adjourned to the city of Dublin; again con-
firmed by Hen. VI., in the 29th year of his reign, to Michael, the then Archbishop, and his
successors, for ever. - -
King Charles I., by his charter of the 11th year of his reign above noticed, after reciting
the foregoing charters, stating that Lancellot, them Archbishop of Dublin, claimed by the
foregoing letters patent and confirmations, and by prescription and usage, from time
immemorial, the enjoyment of all these franchises, in all the manors and lands of the arch-
bishopric, naming, and particularly describing, the situation of the manor of Saint Sepulchre,
as extending, amongst others, through the entire several precincts of the several parishes of
Saint Nicholas without the walls of Dublin, Saint Patrick and Saint Kevin, near the city
of Dublin; and stating that the Archbishop and his predecessor had ever enjoyed therein a
common open market on every day in the week, except Sunday, in shops, &c., and in the
open streets on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays; and that he and his pre-
decessors had always had, in all places within their domains, manor lands and fees, and the
crosses of said archbishopric, their courts of record before their semeschal or seneschals for all
pleas of the Crown, and all personal pleas arising and depending between any persons within
said liberty, and a Marshalsea or common gaol for the entire archbishopric within the
manor of Saint Sepulchre; that the chief seneschal was keeper of all writs, books, records, &c.,
and had sole power and authority to engross and enrol writs and records by himself, or suffi-
cient clerks to be by him appointed from time to time at his pleasure, and likewise had the
appointment and removal of inferior officers of said courts, viz., attorneys and criers, serjeants,
tipstaffs, and bailiffs, and was guardian and conservator of the peace within all the manors,
&c., of the archbishopric, and exercised jurisdiction of all pleas of the Crown, except the four
already mentioned; and of all personal pleas, with like jurisdiction, in all respects, as other
justices of the peace in the county of Dublin : that the semeschal had power, by the usage
aforesaid, to hold a gaol delivery within a month next after Easter and Michaelmas, and
might appoint a portreeve annually, and administer an oath of office to each of said port-
reeves, in each of the aforesaid market towns of the county of Dublin, who, after taking
said oath, should have the power of a justice of the peace within the liberty; ratified and con-
firmed every thing above specified, except the power of granting the peace to felons, and the
open market in the manor of St. Sepulchre. He then granted felons’ goods, &c., and also
all fines and forfeited recognizances of whatever mature and kind, and for whatever cause im-
posed, to the Archbishop and his, successors, to have and receive same to their own use, as well
by their own hands as those of their bailiffs, and also by the hands of the sheriff of Dublin, the
sheriffs of the counties of Wicklow and Kildare, and all other counties, and expressly directed
that no justice of the peace of the counties of Dublin, Kildare, or Wicklow, or county of the
city of Dublin, or other officer, shall interfere within the liberty, unless in default of the Arch-
bishop's seneschal. He granted two fairs, with tolls, stallage, &c., and a court of Pie Poudre,
in the manor of St. Sepulchre, to be held for four days after each Trinity and Michaelmas
Term, saving the right of the dean and chapter of St. Patrick, which had been created a sepa-
rate liberty in the reign of Edward VI.
This charter further grants a market, with tolls, in and within Kevin Street, near the city.
of Dublin, on every day in the week, except Friday and Sunday.
Many of the important privileges mentioned in these charters have been disused of late
years; but the powers still exercised within the Liberty are very extensive :
1st. In the administration of justice by the Archbishop's courts.
Confirmed by
Henry VI.
Charles I.
DUBLIN. 292 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
* —-mºsºmº.
TMANORIAL * e g tº a º Us --
Jurisdictions. 2d. In the inspection and regulation of the markets within the Liberty, and of the weights
and measures used therein. § - -
3d. In the taxation of the inhabitants for the purposes of cleansing and lighting certain dis-
tricts, and abating nuisances, &c., through the medium of the Liberty grand jury. • *
Officers, and how The Officers of the Liberty are—
appointed. . A seneschal and his deputy.
Register.
Marshal. - *
Coroner.
Weighmaster.
Three constables to each of the four wards.
Secretary to grand jury and collector.
Clerk of the market.
To these may be added the portreeve of Swords, as already mentioned.
Seneschal. The Seneschal is appointed by the Archbishop, to hold during good behaviour. It has
always been the practice to appoint a barrister, though this qualification is not a provision of
any of the charters. The appointment is confirmed by the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's,
and by the dean and chapter of Christchurch.
Deputy. The seneschal has a power, which is generally exercised, of appointing a Deputy. The
present deputy is a barrister; the deputy is seldom called upon to act. • •
Register. The seneschal has also under the charter the power of appointing the Register, who is always
an attorney of the superior courts. He holds his office during good behaviour.
Marshal. The Marshal is appointed by the Archbishop, who also appoints— tº
Coroner, Weigh- The Coroner, Weighmaster, and Clerk of the Market, all which offices are generally united
master, and Clerk in Oſle person. *
of the Market. The Constables of the Wards are annually presented by the grand jury and seneschal,
Constables of the tº * † ſº * * * * grº • * & ! . . . ." p “,
which body likewise appoints the Secretary of the grand jury, and Collector of the grand jur
Wards, Secretary, e o b 8 Jury
and Collector. cess, who holds during good behaviour. -
Portreeves. The Portreeve of Swords is appointed by the semeschal, who has, as already noticed, the
like power of appointing portreeves of the other manors, at each Easter leet. •.
Jurisdiction of The Jurisdiction derived from the charters extends to holding courts leet, courts baron, a
Liberty. court of record, and a court of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery ; and, besides, there is—
The Civil-Bill jurisdiction given by statute.
Courts Leet. Courts Leet are regularly held at every Easter and Michaelmas, when grand juries are
sworn in before the seneschal; and upon this occasion market juries are also sworn under the
special authority of the 3d sec. of the 27 Geo. III., c. 46.
Court Baron. The semeschal formerly sat once a week, and adjudicated on summonses, as in a Court of
Conscience, upon all claims under £5 late Irish currency; but since the extension of the Civil-
Bill jurisdiction to the Dublin manor courts, as hereinafter noticed, this Court of Conscience
- jurisdiction has been discontinued. -
• Court of Record. A Court of Record is held within the liberty by the seneschal, the jurisdiction of which extends
to all personal actions, and to an unlimited amount; and ejectments were formerly brought
here, though the practice has long been discontinued. - - .
The proceeding is by writ of capias or by attachment of goods. Formal pleadings are filed
according to the course of the common law, and must have the signature of counsel. Attach-
ments are not issued for demands under £10, and an affidavit is required that the debt
amounts to that sum, and (pursuant to 36 Geo. III., c. 39, s. 3) that the defendant resides
within the jurisdiction, or that the cause of action arose there. Bail must be given, who must
justify before the seneschal, Tuesdays and Fridays are law days, on which rules may be
entered.
The record business of this court is very trifling, and much confined to issuing capiases on
cognovits for the purpose of procuring discharges under the Insolvent Debtors' Acts. Causes
are sometimes, though seldom, removed by certiorari and habeas corpus. Cases occasionally
proceed to joining of issue, but are generally then settled by the parties: in fact, no record
has been tried by the present semeschal since his appointment.
‘Criminal Jurisdic- The Criminal Jurisdiction of the semeschal has been exercised so lately as the year 1803,
tion. when a conviction took place for forgery, but is now totally disused. It extended to all cases
affecting life and limb, except the four pleas already stated.
Court Fees. From a comparison of the present practice with a table of the Fees taken by the several
officers of the Courts of the liberties, returned to the Irish Parliament in 1717, pursuant to a
then recent Act, it appears that fees, exceeding in amount those mentioned in the table, have
been taken latterly by all the officers except the present semeschal. He, on his appointment,
reduced his own fees to the standard of that period; but he stated to us that he did not consider
himself justified in enforcing a similar reduction of the fees of the other officers of the court,
against a practice which long usage appeared to him to have sanctioned. The costs of a
judgment on cognovit are about £1.7s.
Civil-Bill Jurisdic- The Acts 25 Geo. III., c. 44, and 27 Geo. III., c. 22, which gave the Civil-Bill Jurisdiction
tion. - to the several other manor courts in Ireland, expressly exempted the manor courts within the
county and county of the city of Dublin from their operation; but by the 7 Geo. IV., c. 41,
amended by the 7, 8 Geo. IV., c. 59, that exemption was taken away. This newly-acquired
jurisdiction in the manor courts differs from the Civil-Bill jurisdiction exercised by the assistant
barrister for other counties in these particulars:–1st. That all cases are necessarily tried by
jury; 2d. That the amount for which a civil bill may be brought is only limited by the extent
to which each manorial jurisdiction is limited by the patent or charter creating it, and which,
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 293
DUBLIN.
in the Dublin manor courts, generally is unlimited; and, 3dly, That it is sufficient to give the
assistant barrister jurisdiction that the defendant resides within his county, while in the sene-
schal's court the defendant must not only reside, but the cause of action must accrue within
the jurisdiction, although, from the inconvenience attending this restriction in practice, very
slight evidence is required of the latter. - -
By the 2d section of 7 Geo. IV., c. 41, an appeal from the seneschal's decree is given to
the Judges of the superior courts at Nisi Prius after every Easter and Michaelmas Term. By
the 3d section the mode of service of the summons is directed. By the 4th section the sale
of goods seized under an attachment is prohibited, if bail is offered. The costs of proceedings,
when the sum recovered is under 40s., are left to the discretion of the seneschal, who, with the
Jury, may direct the payment of the amount of the decree, when under that sum,
by weekly instalments; and to ensure the fulfilment of these provisions, the seneschal, if
not a barrister of three years' standing, is, by the 6th section, required to give security by recog-
nizance. This Act was amended by the 7, 8 Geo. IV., c. 59, which by the 1st section requires
that, when the debt to be recovered exceeds £10 and does not amount to £100, the summons
should be served seven days before the appearance; if it exceed £100, fourteen days, and
provides for the mode of service of the summons in certain cases. Cases of £10 and upwards
are not to be tried till the court day after appearance. The fees to be paid by the suitor are
regulated by the 5th section. And in cases of prisoners charged on execution for sums under
§ the creditor is compellable to allow his debtor 2s. 6d. per week during his confinement.
Since the passing of these Acts the proceedings by civil bill, from their simplicity and
cheapness, have almost entirely superseded the old common law course of proceeding in these
manor courts, although the rights of all manor courts having unlimited jurisdiction were
specially preserved to these jurisdictions by the 6th section of the latter Act. The proceedings
by civil bill are now, in fact, the ordinary business of these courts.
The course of proceeding, except where altered by the foregoing provisions, is precisely
similar to that of the assistant barristers' court; all cases are tried by jury, who may be com-
pelled to attend from the most distant parts in the liberty, but are generally summoned by
the marshal from the respectable inhabitants of the neighbourhood of the court-house. They
are fineable for non-attendance; and it is sometimes found necessary so to enforce attendance,
as the jurors do not receive any remuneration. The decree of the seneschal is directed to the
marshal, and returnable next court day, and on being signed, may be immediately executed;
but in practice this, in the court of Saint Sepulchre's, is not generally permitted. The provisions
of the 2d section of 7, 8 Geo. IV., c. 59, enabling the court and jury to direct the payments by
instalments of sums recovered under 40s., are frequently extended in practice very advantageously
to larger sums; but this can only be done by consent of the plaintiff. Rehearings of a case
are discouraged; very few instances of them occur, and only by consent of parties. When an
appeal is lodged, bail must be given as prescribed by the 2d section of 7 Geo. IV., c. 41.
It is not considered necessary under the civil bill jurisdiction that the bail should be resident
within the liberty. They must justify before the semeschal, unless the parties consent that this
should be done before the register, and a certificate of bail is given, which stops all proceedings
under the decree. A deposit is sometimes left with the marshal, to prevent any proceeding
under the decree until the appeal is lodged. *
If there is an affirmance of the decree on appeal, the party may issue execution thereon
against the body or goods in any county in Ireland, notwithstanding the limited jurisdiction
of the liberty court; but the party has his election to proceed on the bail bond, and this he
generally does in the superior courts.
If there be a reversal of the decree, nothing more is heard of it in the inferior court. When
a decree is renewed, a fee of 6d. is payable to the semeschal, which he allows to the register.
The following Return shows the quantity of business done in the manor court of Saint
Sepulchre's for the three years 1831, 1832, 1833:
Date. sº .." i. Lecrees. Dismisses. Appeals. Alºne
1831............... 650 563 166 7 26 S
1832. . . . . . . • e º e o e º e 600 534 146 6 30 7
1833. . . . . . . . . 9 : * ~ e e 709 502 196 8 33 7
Total in three years 1,959 1,599 508 21 89 22
The costs of the proceedings by civil bill in this and the other Dublin manor courts, as pre-
scribed by the foregoing Acts of Parliament, are as follows:
On any sum recovered not exceeding £10— s, d.
For the summons “º º º 2 ()
,, entry thereof . º e 2 0
,, decree . e dº º 4 6
*
Total gº º 8 6
On any sum recovered exceeding £10, and not exceeding £100—
An additional shilling on the summons and on the decree,
Making the entire costs e e ... 10 6
On any sum recovered over £100–
An addition is made of 2s. to the summons, and 28. to the decree.
Making the entire costs º g g 12 6
M. C. I. 2 S
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION.

DUBLIN.
294 APPENDIX To REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERs
as-
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION.
Marshalsea,
Time of sitting.
Attorneys.
Duty of Seneschal,
and Emoluments.
Register, his Duty
and Salary.
Fees.
Marshal, his Duty
and Emoluments,
All the seneschals agree in considering that this table requires revision, the amount being
quite too high on . sums, and, as they say, too low on sums of large amount.
The highest sum for which a civil bill was brought was £60, and the lowst 1s. The great
proportion of civil bills is for sums under £10. -
By a return taken from the Marshal's book, and furnished by the register, it appears that
the numbers committed to the Liberty Marshalsea for five years were,
In 183] . te tº º º --> º 90
1832 . tº ſe t -ty © •º 98
1833. º ‘e º * - •º ... 103
1834. “e Ö © •º tº tº 90
1835 . • e Q ‘e <- e 86
*
Total in five years . re - 467
t £. s. d.
Of these 1 was committed in execution for © e © Yg 324 19 5%
1 5.5 35 - • . •º 280 lo 6
I 3. 119 8 8
5 35 * - e º
51 were committed for sums varying from £20 to £100,
47 for sums varying from £10 to £20.
366 for sums varying from 12s. 8d. to £10.
The seneschal sits for the trial of civil bills generally once a fortnight, except during the law
term. The days of sitting, which are usually Tuesdays, are always notified, at least one court
day, sometimes two or three court days, previously; the hour of sitting is 10 o'clock: the
business is generally disposed of in one day.
Attorneys practise in the seneschal's court, and occasionally barristers. There are five or
six attorneys on the rolls of the court : they must pay £20 stamp duty on admission:
they are required to be attorneys of the superior courts, and none but those are entitled to
practise in this manor court. It is acknowledged that they receive higher fees than the
statutes allow, the statutable fees being, as they allege, totally insufficient as an adequate
remumeration for their services. -
The principal duty of the Seneschal is to preside in the courts held within the liberty.
He is the sole judge. He receives and decides on appeals from the market juries and
clerk of the market. He is by charter a justice of the peace within the liberty, but does not
act in that capacity. There is not any salary attached to the office: his entire emoluments are
derived from the court fees, and are about £120 a-year. The present seneschal, Joseph
Radcliffe, Esq., has filled the office since 1826: he is a practising barrister: he was not of three
years' standing at the bar at the time of his appointment, and, according to the provisions of the
statute 7 Geo. IV. c. 41, sec. 6, gave security in £500 for the due performance of his duty,
and to answer for damages for misconduct.
The duty of the Register is to attend at all the sittings of the court. At court leets he
swears the grand and market juries, the constables of the ward, the clerk of the market and
coroner, &c.; he enters the proceedings of the court leet in a court book commonly called the
grand jury book, prepares the presentments and the jury process, and, in case of traverses to
presentments, enters them for trial.
As connected with the functions of the market juries, the register is bound, by the Market
Jury Act, in the absence of the seneschal, to decide on the propriety of seizures made by the
jury, and he superintends the distribution of the articles seized.
On the civil bill side of the court, the register fills and issues the summonses, enters them
for hearing, prepares the issue papers, records the verdict, makes up the decrees and dismisses,
and in general receives the appeals; sometimes the appeals are received by the seneschal in
his own house, upon which occasion the register attends him there, and fills up the bail-bonds,
which are witnessed by him or his clerk. The register also keeps the court book, a duplicate
of which he is bound to return to the clerk of the peace at quarter sessions.
On the record side of the court, the register issues all writs, files affidavits, proceedings,
and bail-pieces, enters up all rules, in fact, acts as the filacer of the court. The duties of
this department are now, from the decrease of business, very trifling.
The emoluments of the register are principally derived from fees on the civil bill side of
the court, which are, as regulated by the Acts of Parliament giving that jurisdiction, two
shillings for each entry of a cause; they are considered by the semeschal so inadequate a
remuneration to the register, that he allows him a portion of his own fees.
A charge of four-pence is made by the register to the suitor, though not allowed by the
statute, for filling up the summonses. This is sanctioned by the semeschal, in order, as he
stated, to guard against the frequent inaccuracies which occurred in the process when the
party filled a summons himself. -
On the record side the fees payable to the register on each proceeding are considerable,
but, from the small quantity of business done, their annual amount is very trifling; from the
market-jury duty he derives no ſees or salary.
The Marshal summons the grand, and market, and petit juries, and executes the process of
the courts. He is also keeper of the liberty gaol or marshalsea. In the execution of the
process he is assisted by under bailiffs, generally of his own nomination, but sometimes nomi-
nated by the party. He has the storage of goods taken under attachment process, and
CXecution. -
His emoluments are derived from fees,”
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 295 DUBLIN.
-r
The office of Coroner was vacant for several years past. It has been recently filled up by Jºšs
he appointment of the clerk of the market, but he has never performed any duty connected ; +\alu •
with the office; and there is no salary annexed to it. His predecessor has held inquests Coroner.
within the liberty; this was about forty years ago. -
The Constables of the ward formerly acted as a police for the district, and by the Police Act Constable of the
it was made necessary to return their names to the head police office of the city. They are Ward.
now appointed merely for form's sake, and although sworn into office regularly before the sene-
schal, they never act, and the return required by the statute is never made.
Until lately an Inspector of Lights was appointed by the grand jury, at a salary of £20 Inspector of Lights.
a-year; but since the introduction of gas this officer has been discontinued.
The Grand Jury, consisting of twenty-three in number, is summoned as incident to the The Grand Jury.
court-leet, which is held before the seneschal at every Easter and Michaelmas. The jurors
are summoned by precept, directed to the marshal, under the hand of the seneschal, and return-
able to him. They continue in office six months, meeting from time to time as occasion may
require. The business of the grand jury is to present the constables for the four wards, to pre-
sent nuisances, such as falling houses, decayed walls, &c., and to present the necessary sums
to be applotted on the liberty for lighting those portions of it which are outside the Circular
Road, and not within the Paving Board jurisdiction, and some trifling sums for other purposes.
The composition of this grand jury is said to be very respectable, and they are stated to be
anxious to retain their power of taxation for the foregoing purposes, and most reluctant to
permit the interference of the Paving Board.
The presentments must be all fiated by the seneschal. The liberty grand jury cess is
applotted on the inhabitant householders. The rate of assessment, until the year 1833, was
three shillings for each shilling ministers' money; it has been raised to 3s.6d., owing to the
introduction of gas.
The annual amount of the presentments is about £250; until this year it was not more
than £200. -
The Secretary of the Grand Jury is paid an annual salary of £10 late Irish currency, raised Secretary of Grand
by presentment. The office is generally, though not uniformly, held by the register of the Jury.
court. He keeps the accounts, and when audited by the grand jury and fiated by the sene-
schal, makes the orders for payments to the contractors and others entitled to receive them.
He also issues summonses to the grand jury to assemble for the dispatch of business, and for
each meeting is allowed a fee of 2s. 6d. in addition to his annual salary.
To collect the grand jury cess, there is a Collector appointed by the warrant of the seneschal Collector.
and foreman of the grand jury; he receives a percentage of one shilling in the pound on the
receipts. He gives security. There is no treasurer, so that the amount collected generally
remains in the hands of the collector. The result of this has been that the late collector was
' enabled to abscond with upwards of £200 of the presentment funds, and from some technical
difficulties in the way, and the apprehension of incurring costs for which it was thought the
grand jury had no power to present, it has not been deemed prudent by the semeschal to
enforce the payment of that money from the surety, although considered solvent.
It is intended, henceforward, to lodge any balances in bank.
The collector's accounts are audited by the grand jury and semeschal.
Traverses are sometimes entered to the presentments for pulling down old houses. These Traverses of Pre-
presentments, from the decaying state of part of the liberty, the grand jury is frequently called sentments.
on to make. The traverses have seldom been tried, the object of entering them being gene-
rally to obtain time for making repairs, which, if sufficient assurance be given of an intention
to remove the apprehended dangers, is generally allowed.
If the nuisance be continued, the marshal proceeds to abate it. The grand jury usually
examine a qualified person, as to the state of the premises, before they make the presentment,
and the exercise of this power is, from the decaying state of this part of the town, found
beneficial. t
Those parts of the liberty which lie within the Circular Road are under the jurisdiction of Paving and Repair.
the Paving Board, who are empowered to pave, cleanse, and light them. We have already lºsing and ,
noticed the practice of that body (p. 85) as to imposing rates within this district; they do not * ting.
assess premises beyond “the extent of the pavements, shingling, or gravelling, and the public
lights,” maintained by them, and do not carry on those works in all directions to the extent
of the Circular Road; and a considerable portion of this liberty, within that limit, is conse-
quently not attended to by them. The remainder of the liberty is paved and repaired under
the authority of the county grand jury. The 26 Geo. III. c. 14, s. 63, which limited the
amount of money to be raised at each presenting term on the baronies of the county of Dublin,
specified the sum of £78. 12s. as the extent to which the county grand jury might assess the
barony of St. Sepulchre's, being, as already mentioned, that part of the liberty which lies
within the Circular Road.
We have already mentioned (pp. 74, 75) the Acts under which the liberties were originally
lighted, which were revived by the 23, 24 Geo. III. c. 54, for 21 years from the 1st of May
1784. Afterwards, by the 39 Geo. III. c. 56, s. 34, which refers to the former Acts, and
recites that the liberty of St. Sepulchre's “has been and now is without lamps to light the
same,” it is enacted, that the semeschal, by and with the approbation of the grand jury of the
liberty, “shall have full power and authority to erect and fix lanterns or lamps, of such di-
mensions, and at such distances, and to continue for such periods, and to remove or take down
the same, as to him and them shall seem most fit, and to applot and levy the expense thereof
upon the inhabitants of said liberty in such mammer as ministers' money is now raised within
the same, and likewise shall have full power to pave and cleanse the said liberty, and applot
the expense thereof in manner aforesaid.” This Act was temporary, but made perpetual by
the 40 Geo. III. c. 62.
2 S 2
DUBLIN.
296 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
MANORIAL
Júſ RISDICTION,
Court-house and
Prison.
Clerk of the Mar-
ket and Weigh-
master.
Incidental Emolu-
ments.
A trifling annual presentment of £5 is made by the leet grand jury towards cleansing the
streets of the part of the liberty outside the Circular Road.
A portion of the liberty outside the Circular Road is lighted under the leet grand jury pre-
sentments, as already stated. The lighting is now by gas supplied by contract, but for several
years after the introduction of gas into the interior of the city, this district remained without
the advantage of the improved lighting.
A commodious Court-house and a Prison have been recently built by the Archbishop,
for the use of the liberty, and to this prison all persons arrested under the process of the court
are committed. The prison is occasionally visited by the seneschal, and is stated to be kept
clean and in repair. The male and female prisoners are separated; each have a common
hall. -
The marshal of the court is keeper of the prison. The number of prisoners varies consider-
ably; the greatest number is generally at the approach of the sitting of the insolvent debtors'
COurt.
The number of pauper prisoners is very small. This is partly attributable to the present
seneschal's practice of enforcing the payment by the creditor of the weekly allowance of 2s. 6d.,
called “groats,” provided for prisoners confined for debt under £10 by the 7th sec. of
7, 8 Geo. IV. c. 59. These pauper prisoners are maintained partly by the light bread, and
other provisions, and the produce of light weights, &c., seized by the market juries and not
re-adjusted; any deficiency is supplied by the Archbishop.
The Clerk of the Market is appointed by the Archbishop, during good behaviour. He
holds his appointment under seal, ratified by the dean and chapter of Saint Patrick, under
which he is designated “head bailiff of the semeschal courts, of the liberties and lordships
and manor courts, clerk of the markets, &c.” He takes an oath of office before the seneschal
on his appointment; the same person is always appointed Assay-master or Weigh-master
within the liberty. • w
His duty as clerk of the market is to superintend the markets within the liberty, and to
accompany the market juries on their inspections. }
As assay-master or weigh-master, he inspects and regulates the scales, weights, and measures,
and affixes the Archbishop's seal to authenticate them, besides which he keeps a public crane
for the weighing of all merchandise brought there. He has an office called the clerk of the
market's office, where he has three clerks and three scale porters under him; the latter are
sworm before the seneschal. -
He has a power of appointing a deputy. The present weigh-master acts in person; he was
deputy to his predecessor.
He has no fixed salary, but derives his emoluments from fees on the cranage of goods,
and the stamping and sealing weights and measures. He takes
2d. for weighing and branding each cask of butter for exportation (under Butter Act).
1d. for weighing each cool (of 56 lbs.) of butter.
1d. per draft for lard.
ld. per draft for bacon, three flitches to the draft.
1d. per draft for hams (nine hams to the draft).
1d. per barrel of corn.
These fees are taken by him as weigh-master.
As clerk of the market he receives the following fees on sealing, signing, and adjusting
weights and measures:–
. d lbs.
S. Cb.
I 3 for each weight of tº º • gº tº * … - 56
0 10 - gº Kºe - - sº tº sº * – 28
0 8 - - - - - - - - - - 14
0 6 - sº gº gº º º tº & ºn º gº - 7
0 4 - ſº tºº * * * gº tº tº tºº - 4
O
4 all lower weights.
2d. for sealing and signing each measure of whatever size.
On copper measures the charges are— gals.
1 0 for a measure of sº tºss wº ºn tº º ſº
0 6 - sº tºy * , º gº tº * sº - 1
0 3 for all inferior measures.
The fees taken by this officer, particularly those which he exacts as clerk of the market, are
excessive in amount. We think it enough, here, to refer to our observations on similar
exactions made in other places, particularly in our Report on the Borough of Armagh,
pp. 682, 683, where the legality of them is fully discussed.
All weights and measures within the liberty are systematically required by him to
be brought into his office and sealed once a year: if not brought in, and on the visit
of the clerk of the market and market jurors found deficient, they are seized. The standard
weights by which they are adjusted are kept in the court-house. They were purchased in
London at the expense of the Archbishop. An appeal is sometimes made to the seneschal.
The income of the clerk of the market from this source is about £200 a-year. The present
possessor of the office is by the terms of his appointment bound to pay £30 a-year to his pre-
decessor (who was superannuated) during his life. -
Besides these fees of office the present weigh-master and clerk of the market has,
under a particular arrangement made between him and the late Archbishop of Dublin, a
stallage rent on the use of stores in the weighhouse payable by those resorting to it. There was
previously no public weighhouse within the liberty, and the Archbishop induced the clerk of the
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 297
DUBLIN.
{
market to take a lease of the present weighhouse, and get it fitted up for the use of the public;
agreeing that on his death, or resignation, his successor should have the power of taking pos-
session of it for the same public use, on the payment of the sum expended on its improvement,
which was ascertained and limited in amount. It is convenient for the public. A public
crane and weights, compared with the standard weights, are kept there. He has also a profit
on the sale of weights and measures which have been seized as light, and readjusted.
In the year 1827 a Butter Taster and Cooper was, for the first time, appointed by the
Archbishop of Dublin for the liberty of St. Sepulchre's. From a return made by him to the
Government and ordered by the #. of Commons to be printed in 1829, it appears that
his emoluments for the year 1828 amounted to £106.
. By the 3d section of the 27 Geo. III. c. 46, (the General Market Jury Act,) it is enacted,
that the marshals of the liberties of Saint Sepulchre's, and of Thomas Court and Donore re-
spectively, should summon and return to the seneschals of the said liberties respectively, at the
Easter and Michaelmas courts leet to be held for said liberties respectively in every year,
upon precepts to be issued to the respective marshals of said liberties by the respective sene-
schals thereof, 36 of the principal inhabitants of each of said liberties; 12 of whom should be
sworn in open court as a Market Jury for each of said liberties, by the seneschals of said liber-
ties respectively at the Easter and Michaelmas courts leet for said liberties, one by one, that
he should well, truly, and diligently execute the office of a market juror in said liberty,
within three miles of the Circular Road round Dublin, without favour or affection, malice or
ill will, to any person or persons whatsoever. And the said market jurors for the time being
for the said liberties of Saint Sepulchre's, and Thomas Court and Donore respectively, or any
four or more of them, were thereby empowered and required at seasonable hours to visit the
markets, storehouses, working houses, cellars, and shops, as well of bakers as other people in
such liberties respectively, as far as three miles from the Circular Road round Dublin, where
bread, provisions, or victuals should be sold, and to inspect the quality and weight of such
bread, provisions, and victuals, and likewise to examine the scales, weights, and measures, in
said liberties; and in case said jurors rºspectively, or any four or more of them, should find
any unwholesome or bad bread, provisions, or victuals, or any bread, provisions, or victuals,
fraudulently or illegally made up, of bread deficient in weight, or not having the baker's name
thereon in legible characters, or any Fraudulent scales, or any weights or measures not agree-
ing in weight and contents with the standard weights and measures established by authority
in said liberties, or any weights or measures not sealed by the respective clerks of the market
belonging to the Lord Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Meath, or any provisions or
victuals in the hands of any forestaller; then and in every such case, the said jurors,
or any four of them respectively, were thereby required and empowered to seize such bread,
provisions, and victuals, and the person or persons exposing the same to sale, or claiming to
be the owner or owners thereof, and likewise all fraudulent scales, and all weights and mea-
sures not agreeing with the standard weights and measures established by authority in said
liberties, or not sealed by the respective clerks of the market of the said Lord Archbishop of
Dublin and the said Earl of Meath, and immediately, or as soon as conveniently could be, to
carry or cause to be carried such bad provisions and victuals, person or persons, scales,
weights, or measures, before the seneschal of such liberty for the time being, who was thereby
empowered, besides condemning the articles seized, to impose at his discretion any penalty
not exceeding £5 on such person or persons, and to commit to prison for non-payment.
Directions are also given by the Act, for the disposal of the fraudulent provisions or weights
so seized, and of the fines imposed, amongst the poor of the parish, and the prisoners of the
liberty marshalsea.
The seneschal is empowered to impose a penalty of £4 on jurors not attending. The
jurors are required to continue in office from leet to leet; four of them form a quorum. The
jurors are exempt from service more than once in the year.
By the 4th section of the same Act, the register may be appointed to perform these duties
in absence of semeschal; he generally is the officer who acts.
These market juries are now regularly sworn at each court leet and perform their prescribed
duties, accompanied by the clerk of the market or his deputy, visiting occasionally the villages
of Finglass, Stillorgan, and even Tallaght, which is beyond three miles from the Circular Road,
but within the liberty. A difficulty is sometimes experienced in procuring the attendance of
jurors, the duty being a disagreeable one; and it is therefore sometimes found necessary to
enforce their attendance by fine. The duty, however, is on the whole stated to be satisfac-
torily performed. -
The bread and other provisions seized are disposed of, first, in remunerating the scale.
porters at a certain rate in value per day, and the remainder is distributed, according to the
directions of the Act, amongst the poor prisoners of the liberty marshalsea, if any ; if not,
amongst a certain number of poor persons placed on what is called the poor list of the liberty.
The jurors sometimes assist in the distribution; but the duty generally, in fact, devolves on
the register.
This mode of remunerating the scale porters is very objectionable.
If light or unsealed weights, false scales or measures are seized, the light weights are some-
times sold as broken iron to the public, and sometimes to the clerk of the market, who, after
re-adjusting them, re-sells them, from which is derived part of the profits of his office. If not
light, but merely unsealed, they are generally returned to the owner on being properly sealed
and payment of the expense and fees. The produce of the old weights is applied to carriage
hire for the jurors in their visits to distant parts of the liberty, and by the second section of
the Market Jury Act to relief of the poor prisoners. When the fund has been adequate,
beds and blankets have been bought for the poor in the marshalsea.
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION.
Butter Taster.
Market Juries.
DUBLIN.
298. APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERs
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION. .
Fairs, Markets,
Tolls.
Kevin Street
Market.
Patrick Street
Market.
LIBERTY or MANOR
OF THoMAS CourT
AND DonoRE.
The exercise of the power of seizing weights, as not conformable to the proper standard.
or as not being sealed by the clerk of the market of the liberty, conferred by these sections of
the 27 Geo. #. c. 46, on the market juries of the liberties of St. Sepulchre's, and of Thomas
Court and Donore, was recently questioned, and has been made the subject of a judicial de-
cision in the Court of King's Bench in the case of Doyle v. Darlington, reported in 2 Hudson
and Brooke's Reports, p. 223, in which case the court fully recognized the general authority
of the market jurors of the liberty of St. Sepulchre's in these respects, under that Act, as still
ºins notwithstanding the new Act for uniformity of weights and measures, 5 Geo. IV.,
c. 74. -
The charter of Charles I. gives to the Archbishop the right of holding two Fairs within
the manor of St. Sepulchre's, and a Market with Tolls in St. Kevin Street, every day in the
week except Friday and Sunday, and in St. Patrick Street on Friday. - :
The fairs are not held, nor are any tolls collected; but there are the following extensive
markets within the jurisdiction of the liberty, viz.:
Kevin Street Market,
Patrick Street Market, and
Spitalfields Market.
This latter, though held within the liberty, and still under the seneschal's authority, and
visited by the clerk of the market and market jutors, is one of the city markets, and has been
already alluded to under that head. -
Kevin Street Market is the principal market, south of the river Liffey, for the sale of the pro-
duce of the county of Wicklow and the adjoining parts of Kildare and Dublin, and one of the
great supplies of the city. It is a hay and straw market on two days in the week, (Tuesday and
Saturday,) and on two other days a butter and corn market: large quantities of fowls, hams,
and potatoes are sold there. A considerable part of this produce is exported to England.
By a return furnished by the clerk of the market, it appears that the average weekly sales,
during a period of seven years, ending 1834, were
Of butter, 700 cools per week, or 36,400 per annum. ,
Dead fowls, in value from £400 to £1,600 per week, \ring the season; besides live fowls.
Of oats, 150 barrels per week. v
Of potatoes, 40 barrels per week.
Of hay, 100 loads, (each 4 cwt.)
Of straw, 40 loads, (each 4 cwt.)
The hay and straw market is held in the open street, which is not so convenient as might
be desired; but no better accommodation, it is stated, can be had in the immediate neigh-
bourhood, without considerable expense; and, by the charter, the markets must be held in
Kevin Street.
The weigh-house is situated here, and affords sufficient accommodation for the public ; the
circumstances under which it has been provided, have been already detailed.
The weighing of the hay and straw sold at this and other markets in the city and liber-
ties, is regulated by 4 Geo.I. c. 11, s. 22, 11 Geo. II. c. 11, s. 10, and 25 Geo. II. c. 15. It
continued to the period of our Inquiry to be the practice at Kevin Street to sell, as already
mentioned, small loads of only 4 cwt. each, to the great waste of time, labour, and expense;
but there has been lately a weighing-machine erected in front of the market-house, which it is
hoped will lead to an amendment of the practice. - -
A penalty of 2s. 6d. a load and forfeiture is levied under one of these Acts (25 Geo. II.
c. 15, s.9) for fraudulent or light loads, and is sometimes enforced by the clerk of the
market. One half of the produce of the sale and penalty, after deducting expenses, is given
to the informer, and the other half to the poor of the parish.
The conviction must be had before the semeschal, which, from his not being always at
hand, is attended with public inconvenience.
Patrick Street Market, which is held under the Charter of Charles I., is an extensive flesh-
market. It is partly in the liberty, and partly in the city jurisdiction. It is much frequented
by the poorer classes of the inhabitants of the city. Its appearance is not creditable to the
authorities of either liberty or city, partly, perhaps, owing to the conflicting jurisdiction of both.
The situation is convenient. -
. The Liberty, or Manor of Thomas Court and Donore, is situated partly in the county
of the city, and partly in the county of Dublin; Thomas Court being within the city boun-
daries, and Donore in the county, of which it was made a separate barony by the 13, 14
Geo. III. c. 34, s. 2. It lies to the south of the city, adjoining the liberty of St. Sepulchre's,
on the west. W
It comprises the greater part of St. Catherine's parish and the centre of St. Luke's, includ-
ing, within its limits, upwards of forty streets and lanes of the city of Dublin, as built upon,
and about 22,000 of its poorest inhabitants. .
The following streets and parts of streets are stated by the marshal to be within the manos:
of Thomas Court:
Thomas Court, from the Court House to St. Catherine's church.
Thomas Street, south side from Thomas Court to Meath Street.
Meath Street, to Coombe.
Hambury Lane, from Street to Thomas Court.
Earl Street (south), ditto ditto.
Cole Alley, ditto to Pimlico.
Elbow Lane, ditto ditto.
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAN D. 299
DUBLIN.
Engine Alley, from Street to City Boundary.
Crostick Alley, ditto ditto.
Flag Alley, ditto ditto.
Coombe (north side), from Ash Street to Pimlico.
Pimlico.
John Street, from Pimlico to Summer Street.
Summer Street, to Marrowbone Lane.
Pool Street, from John Street to Braithwaite Street.
Braithwaite Street, from Summer Street to Pimlico.
Tripoli, near Court House.
Marrowbone Lane, as far as Donore Boundary.
Taylor's Lane, off Marrowbone Lane.
School Street. º -
Crane Street, to Boundary Stream, Colman's Brook.
Ransford Street, from Thomas Court to Portland Street.
Portland Street. - -
Bond Street, Grand Canal Harbour.
And the following Streets and Lanes and parts of such in the Manor of Donore:
Coombe 㺠side), from a certain boundary on Cross Poddle to Ardee Street.
Skinner's Alley, from Coombe to New Market.
Fordam's Alley, ditto . . ditto.
Brabazon Street, ditto to Brabazon Row.
Brabazon Row, from Brabazon Street to New Market.
Ardee Street, from Coombe to Mill Street.
New Market, from Comber Street to Ward's Hill.
Mill Lane, from New Market to Mill Street.
Ward's Hill, from New Market to New Row.
New Row, from Coombe to Mill Street.
Mill Street, from New Row to Ardee Street.
Mill Lane, from New Market to Mill Street.
Sweeny's Lane, off Mill Street.
Tanner's Row, from ditto.
Black Pitts, from New Row.
Chamber Street, from Ardee Street to Ormond Street.
Ormond Street, from Weaver's Square to Cork Street.
Weaver's Square, from Ormond Street to Brown Street.
Brown Street, from Weaver's Square to Love Lane.
Love Lame, from Cork Street to Green Villa.
Cork Street, from Ardee Street to Diping Bridge (Boundary).
Parnel Place (Boundary).
Harold's Cross (ditto) part Earl of Meath, part Archbishop of Dublin.
Thomas Court is nominally divided into four wards; viz.
Upper Coombe Ward, -
Lower Coombe Ward,
Thomas Court Ward, and
Pimlico Ward;
but these divisions are now of no practical utility.
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION,
The liberty was originally created by a Charter from King John, granted to the monastery Charters.
af Thomas Court. On the dissolution of the monasteries, Henry VIII. in the thirty-fifth
year of his reign (1585) granted the possessions of this monastery of Thomas Court to the
ancestor of the Earl of Meath, now lord of the manor, and confirmed to him and to his heirs
all the privileges of the ancient Charter. It is now popularly called the Earl of Meath's
Liberty. Most of those privileges have fallen into disuse.
The 26 Geo. III. c. 14, s. 63, which limited the amount of money to be raised at each pre-
senting term on the baronies of the county of Dublin, specified the sum of £144. 10s, as the
extent to which the county grand jury might assess the baromy of Donore.
The 33 Geo. III. c. 56, ss. 66, 67, empowered the grand juries of Thomas Court and
Donore to present money to repair the foot and carriage ways within the barony of Donore,
and to contract for such repairs; but provided, that this should not exonerate the barony from
the payment of its proportion of presentments on the county at large.
The Officers of the liberty are:
A Semeschal,
A Register,
A Marshal,
Clerk of the Market, and
Weighmaster.
Courts Leet are still held before the semeschal at Easter and Michaelmas, when grand and
market juries are sworn in; the latter under the authority of the 3d section of the 27 Geo. III.
c. 46, (the Market Jury Act, already mentioned.)
The grand juries do not now exercise the powers of taxation given by the 33 Geo. III.
c. 56, the greater part of the liberty being within the Circular Road, and, as such, placed
within the jurisdiction of the Dublin Paving Board, by the 47 Geo. III. (Loc. & Pers.)
Sess. 2, cap. cis, as stated above, p. 76.
The functions of the grand jury are now confined to the presenting of nuisances, and appoint-
Statutes,
Courts.
DUBLIN.
300 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
MANORIAL
JURISDICTIONº.
Court House.
Seneschal, how ap-
pointed. -
Register, how ap-
pointed.
Marshal, how ap-
pointed.
ing of petty constables to the four wards of Thomas Court; the latter duty is merely formal, as
the constables, though sworn, and though they receive their warrants signed by the seneschal,
do not act. The presenting of nuisances is still found beneficial, as from the decayed and
decaying state of that part of the town, danger might arise from the falling down of old
houses, &c., which the occasional exercise of this power prevents. The grand jury personally
inspect the nuisance, and if their presentment be fiated by the semeschal, which is necessary,
it is abated; unless the danger is removed by the owner repairing the premises, which usually
occurs. The grand jury continues in office six months, and is generally composed of respect-
able persons possessed of property in the district. The seneschal has on one occasion found
it necessary to enforce attendance by fines.
Besides the court leet, the seneschal holds a court for the trial of causes by civil bill, and
a court of record for all pleas, where the realty is not concerned, to an unlimited amount.
The nature of these two jurisdictions is similar to that already described as belonging to the
liberty of St. Sepulchre's. -
Attorneys of any of the superior courts are permitted to practise here without the necessity
of a special admission, as in St. Sepulchre's.
The number of summonses and attachments issued, and of cases tried, and decrees pro-
nounced in the last three years, are as follows:

Date. - sº* * Causes Tried. | Decrees signed.
1831 . . . . . . . . . . 300 4 229 113
1832 . . . . . . . . . . 200 3 154 59
1833 . . . . . . . . . . 203 0 143 61
Total . . . . 703 7 526 233
From the 5th of January, 1831, to the 28th of December, 1833, the total number of decrees
and attachments issued was 208; of these were executed—r
Decrees against the body . . . . . e . 144
55 goods ë • * > tº sº 60
Attachments against the body . © e º © 1
55 goods . g • ſº © 3
Decrees are often left in the hands of the plaintiffs, who receive the amount by weekly
instalments. - * -
The highest sum for which a summons had issued, was £75; in one instance a summons
was issued for 2s., but the practice was interdicted by the seneschal, who obliged the party
to pay his own costs. 4
The great majority of cases is for sums under £1, and about one-fourth of the entire number
for sums under £2. - - - -
Attachments have issued for between £200 and £300; only one attachment, issued within
the last three years, proceeded to final judgment; it was for a sum of £27. 13s. 1d. Judg-
ment was had by default; the writ issued on the 3rd of August, and by the course of the
court, execution might have been had on the 7th of September. The taxed costs in this case
amounted to £13. 10s. 23d. -
The costs at the civil bill side of the court are regulated by the Act giving the jurisdiction,
and already detailed in the report on the court of St. Sepulchre's.
The present serieschal, considering the costs oppressively high on small sums, has reduced
them on all sums under £2 to 5s. 6d., being a reduction of 3s. on the statutable costs. Re-
hearings are never permitted. There is no regular process-server in this or any of the manor
courts; but the seneschal has empowered the court-keeper to act as such in all cases, and to
receive a fee of 6d. for his trouble from the plaintiff, which is not recoverable against the
defendant. Proof of service of the process must be made by the court-keeper.
There is a Court House belonging to the liberty. Lord Meath has recently expended
£200 upon it: it is convenient, and in good repair.
The Seneschal is appointed by the Earl of Meath during good behaviour; he has no salary;
his emoluments arising from the court fees amount to £ .
The present seneschal, Thomas L. Kelly, Esq., is a barrister; he has been appointed a
magistrate for the county since his appointment as seneschal.
He has a power by the charter of appointing a deputy, of which the present semeschal has
not availed himself. He sits at eight o'clock every Wednesday morning. Sometimes the
business has occupied the whole day, and an adjournment has taken place; but usually it
does not occupy an hour. Besides presiding as judge in this court, he occasionally visits the
markets in person; and there is an occasional appeal to him from the decision of the clerk
of the market and market juries: all seized provisions are distributed under his directions.
The Register is appointed by the seneschal; he is a practising attorney of the superior
courts. He has no salary, and his emoluments, which arise from fees, are under £20 a year.
The Marshal is appointed by the seneschal; his fees, which are 1s. on entry of the pro-
cess, and a small per centage on the execution of the decrees of the court, amount to about
£20 a year. On the civil bill side they are regulated by the Act; under attachments they
vary from 6d. to 10d. in the pound on the produce of the sale.
If goods are seized under execution, they are brought to the “marshal's store,” a public
office near the court-house, the rent of which is paid by Lord Meath; they are sold at the
end of four days if the debt is not paid.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 301
- DUBLIN.
The marshal resides there, and claims storage for all the goods in his custody.
If the execution be against the person, the debtor is brought to the county gaol at Kilmain-
ham, if taken in Donore which, is in the county, or to the city gaol at Newgate if taken in
Thomas Court which is in the city portion of the liberty.
The marshal sometimes gets a shilling fee for a certificate on the discharge of a person
from custody. There was formerly a marshalsea for the liberty; but it has been abolished
since the Prison Act, 7 Geo. IV. c. 74.
The number of committals within the last three years has been forty-four.
In that period only six prisoners applied for the statutable pauper allowance.
The Clerk of the Market is appointed by the seneschal; he has similar duties, and his
emoluments are derived from the like source, as those of the clerk of the market in the liberty
of St. Sepulchre's.
The following (which are alleged to be the ancient fees) are the fees for sealing and adjust-
ing weights: they vary somewhat from those in St. Sepulchre's, but seem equally questionable
in point of legality. The list is posted both in the court-house and office of the clerk of the
market.
For Sealing only.
S. d. 3. d.
112 lb. metal . 2 6 112 lb. O 8
56 lb. do. . I 3 56 lb. . tº tº . 0 4
28 lb. do. I O 28 lb. . º . . 0 4
14 lb. do. O 8 14 lb. . • - 0 4
7 lb. do. . • . 0, 6 7 lb. . 0 2
4 lb. do. . g - 0 6 4 lb. . 0 2
2 lb. do. . e ... O 4 2 lb. 0 2
1 lb. do. 0 4 l lb. 0 2
MEASURES.
- 3. d. s. d.
One gallon 0 6 Half pint 0 2
Half gallon ... O 4 Naggin 0 2
Quart . © te ... O 2 | Half naggin 0 2
Pint O 2
The emoluments are about £40 a year; a portion of them is derived from a privilege given
the officer of adjusting and sealing weights which are found to be slightly defective, or un-
sealed by accident, and not from fraud. The practice is objectionable, as giving the officer
a direct personal interest in the seizure.
The Markets within this liberty are not of the same importance as in St. Sepulchre's.
Meath Market, in Hanbury Lane, is the only flesh market of any extent; and the hay and
straw market, held latterly in New Market, is a very trifling one. A public weigh-house
has been established there recently by the Earl of Meath, but is seldom resorted to.
There is a butter-crane in Thomas Street within the liberty, which being united with that
of the city of Dublin, is called the United Butter Crane. Lord Meath, under the authority
of the 52 Geo. III. c. 134, s. 28, appoints a Weighmaster to this butter crane, who receives
the fees of the office. By returns made to Parliament, and ordered to be printed by the
House of Commons, 16th March, 1829, these fees amounted, on an average of the then last
seven years, to £193. 8s. 13 d. a year.
There is a grant of a fair to be held at Donore (Rot. Pat. 26 Car. II. p. 4, m. 6, 7), and
of tolls by a former patent of Elizabeth; but the fair is not held, nor are the tolls collected.
Lord Meath has under his patent a right to hold markets on Tuesdays and Fridays, and four
fair days in the year. None are held.
The market juries of the liberty are stated to be of a respectable class, and useful to the
public; but it is not always easy to procure an attendance of jurors, and fines are sometimes
imposed to enforce it: they do not visit the whole extent of their jurisdiction; they are always
accompanied by the clerk of the market. The seized provisions and produce of unsealed and
fraudulent weights are distributed by the seneschal under his own directions every Wednes-
day to some of the charitable institutions of Dublin, there not being any prison within the
district to which they could be sent under the directions of the Market Jury Act. A portion
of these seizures is also distributed weekly, sometimes oftener, amongst a number of persons
placed in what is called the “Poor List” by the seneschal. The clerk of the market, or
market jurors do not receive any remuneration for the discharge of this branch of duty; but
a portion of the seized bread or other provisions is always given to the scale porters by way
of wages, there being no other mode of remunerating them: this is very objectionable.
The same complaint is made here as in the liberty of St. Sepulchre's, with respect to the
interference of the lord mayor in the exercise of his magisterial functions; and it is found
equally harassing to the inhabitants of the district, and prejudicial to the public at large.
Each of the last three lord mayors claimed jurisdiction over the Thomas Court portion of
the liberty, as appertaining to the city of Dublin. On one occasion the lord mayor asserted
his authority as a justice of the peace of the county. Two different instances lately occurred
where inhabitants of the liberty were compelled to have their weights sealed both by the
seneschal and by the lord mayor, and to pay the fees for sealing to both. This claim of
jurisdiction by the corporation is of ancient date.
M. C. I. 2 T
MANORIAL"
JURISDICTION.
Clerk of the
Market.
Markets.
Weighmaster.
Disputes with Lord
Mayor.
302 APPENDIx TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERs
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION.
LIBERTY OF THE
DEAN AND CHAP-
TER OF ST. PA-
TRICK. .
Seneschal.
MANOR of GLAss-
NEVIN, or GRANGE
GORMAN. .
Limits of.
Charter.
\
The Liberty of the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick is a small district, partly within the
city boundaries, and partly in the county of Dublin; it once formed a part of the liberty of St.
Sepulchre. It was formerly the parish of St. Patrick, and was erected into a separate liberty,
and a collegiate church, at a very remote period. It is known by the name of the Liberty of
St. Patrick's Close, the Precinct or Close of St. Patrick's Cathedral, but more popularly by
the name of the Deanery. It contains the cathedral church of St. Patrick, and annexed to
it the parochial church of St. Nicholas without, including parts of Patrick Street and Kevin
Street, Patrick's North and South Close, Glandelough Alley, Myler's Alley, Mitre Alley,
Canon Street, Bride Street, from opposite Peter Street, where the Liberty of St. Sepulchre
terminates, to the house at the corner of Bull Alley (part of which house is in the city, and
part in the deanery, the shop being divided by the boundary line), thence down to Patrick
Street, one or two houses on the opposite side of which are within the boundary. *
It forms part of the barony of St. Sepulchre (by the 13, 14 Geo. III. c. 34), in th
county of Dublin, except a very small part near Bull Alley, towards the north-east, gained to
the city bounds, it is said, by encroachment. The population is small and very poor. There
are not more than 24 good houses in the entire deanery; and the whole extent is about 5% acres.
The exclusive privileges which have been long enjoyed within this liberty are not trace-
able to any distinct source, and are claimed to exist by prescription. The dean and chapter
have long exercised the power of holding courts-leet at Easter and Michaelmas, and appoint
their own seneschal. These powers and privileges are recognised by several Acts of the Irish
Parliament, and, until the year 1832, the grand jury of the court leet were summoned by the
seneschal, and regularly met to applot upon the inhabitants of the deanery district the due
proportion of grand-jury cess leviable upon them by the Term grand jury of the county of
Dublin, of which the deanery formed a part. This power has since been taken away;
and the deanery grand jury having, in fact, for a long time previously, no other duty to per-
form, have not since met. A court for the recovery of debts was formerly held before the
seneschal; but no such court has been held for several years, and this liberty affords a sort
of sanctuary against the payment of small debts. Dishonest debtors are known to seek
shelter within this district from the adjoining liberties of St. Sepulchre, and of Thomas Court
and Donore, and also from within the city of Dublin boundaries, thus escaping all those
jurisdictions, to none of which they are amenable after ceasing to reside within them.
There is still a Seneschal, J. D. Clarke, Esq. He is appointed by the dean and chapter of
St. Patrick's. He is a practising barrister, and receives a salary from the dean and chapter
of £10, late currency, per annum. He has not any duties to perform as semeschal. .
A register and marshal are also appointed ; but since the discontinuance of the grand
juries these officers have no salary or emoluments.
The register has a privilege of a seat, with the semeschal, in St. Patrick's cathedral.
A constable was formerly appointed, who received £1 a-year from the grand jury.
The inconvenience of this petty jurisdiction has been long felt. The Archbishop of Dublin
has frequently attempted to resume his jurisdiction over this district, as part of his ancient
manorial possessions, but his attempts have always been resisted, successfully, by the dean
and chapter. It appears to have been the intention at one time (1757) of the Archbishop of
Dublin to prefer to Parliament a bill for the extinction of this liberty, as injurious to the
public interests; but, on the dean and chapter undertaking to defend their rights, the intention
seems to have been abandoned. For a full account of these differences we refer to Mason's
Antiquities of St. Patrick's Cathedral, p. 20.
This manor comprehends a considerable portion of the modern city of Dublin. By a return
from the register it is stated to contain, to the north of the river Liffey, the whole of the
wealthy and populous parish of St. George (including within it Mountjoy Square and several
of the adjacent streets) as far as the north side of Frederick Street, Great Britain Street, from
the Rotunda, and the north side of Summer Hill; the parish of Grange Gorman, within which
are Grange Gorman Lane, Manor Street, Prussia Street, Aughrim Street, the populous
village of Phibsborough, which may be considered a part of the city itself, and the parish of
Glassnevin. Its limits are also said to extend over the barony of Coolock, which compre-
hends the villages of Howth, Baldoyle, Raheny, Artane, Clontarf, Richmond, Drumcondra,
Santry, Cloughran, and St. Margaret's, many of which are very populous; the barony of Cas-
tleknock, containing the village of Blanchardstown and parish of Castleknock, Barberstown,
and, to the south of the river, the important villages of Kingstown, Killiney, Dalkey, Stillor-
gan, and other places of minor note as far as Bray, all in the barony of Rathdown, are al-
leged by the seneschal to be included, and jurisdiction is exercised over them; and, in addition
to this extensive district, extending six or seven miles to the north of Dublin, and nearly ten
miles to the south, over which the jurisdiction of the manor court is stated to have been actually
exercised from time immemorial, it is considered by the seneschal that the jurisdiction,
although not claimed, includes the city of Dublin itself. We have not been able to obtain a
copy of the charter, which, under the 2d sec. of the 27 Geo. III, c. 22, should be lodged with
the clerk of the peace; but the semeschal informed us that the exact boundaries of the liberty
are not laid down in the charter from which the jurisdiction is derived otherwise than as enu-
merating the several manors included therein; the names having, he says, become obsolete, it
would be difficult now to ascertain from them the precise limits of the ancient jurisdiction.
The authority under which this jurisdiction is exercised is stated to be a Charter granted by
King James I. (1603) to the then newly-incorporated body, the dean and chapter of the cathe-
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 303
DUBLIN.
dral of Christchurch, who are lords of the manor of Glassnevin, and the other manors within
the liberty. This charter is alleged to contain inspeximuses of charters of Henry VIII.,
Mary, and Edward, granted to the prior and convent of the cathedral church of the Holy
Trinity, to whom the present corporate body succeeded, and whose possessions they obtained
on the Reformation; and to confirm all the former grants made to the convent.
. The power of holding courts-leet given by the charter, and the criminal jurisdiction, if ever
exercised, have fallen into total disuse; but, it is said, the records show entries of the holding
of courts-leet at no very distant period. The civil jurisdiction is now the sole business of the
manor court, the officers of which are— - .
- A Seneschal,
Register, and
Marshal.
The latter has a bailiff under him. -
The Seneschal is appointed by the dean, and chapter of Christchurch at their will and
pleasure, but he generally holds for life. His duty is to preside as Judge of the manor court.
He is not paid any salary by the dean and chapter; his emoluments arise entirely from court
fees. These now amount annually to at least £300, and are increasing with the business of
the court. The seneschal has the power of appointing a deputy, which appears to have been
always exercised. The deputy is a barrister, and dissatisfaction was expressed at his appoint-
ment, he being an occasional practitioner in the court. The present seneschal, Henry Cole, Esq.,
was deputy to his predecessor at the time of his appointment, which took place in 1827. He
is a barrister, and one of the divisional police magistrates of the city of Dublin.
The Register is appointed by the dean and chapter, and the Marshals appointed by the
seneschal. Their respective duties resemble, in every respect, those already described as be-
longing to the like officers in the manor courts of St. Sepulchre, and Thomas Court and Donore,
except that, there not being any courts-leet now held within the manor of Glassnevin, no duty
in connexion with that branch of jurisdiction is performed by them.
The emoluments of the register from court fees are about £80 per annum, besides other
incidental advantages; those of the marshal about £50 a-year.
The marshal gives security in two sureties for £50 each.
The principal, and indeed the only jurisdiction now exercised within the liberty worthy of
notice, is that of holding the Civil Bill Jurisdiction given to the Dublin manor courts by
the 7 Geo. IV. c. 41. The ancient course of proceeding by capias and attachment of goods,
although still occasionally exercised, it is said, beneficially to the suitors, has, since these enact-
ments, been almost totally abandoned, and it is discouraged by the seneschal, as he alleges, on
account of the costs, which are as high as those of the superior courts. The seneschal sits for
the hearing of civil bill cases on every Friday in each week, at half-past nine o'clock, in Dorset
Street, within the Circular Road, and at three o'clock every second Friday at Kingstown, about
six miles on the south side of Dublin, to which the sitting of the court for the district has been
transferred by the present seneschal from the Black Rock, where it was formerly held. The
jurisdiction is unlimited in point of amount, and, with respect to the nature of the action, unre-
stricted, but in fact no case touching the realty is entered upon. The records contain instances
of trials for £200, and the present seneschal frequently disposes of cases to a large amount,
to the extent of £60 and £70; but the great proportion is of cases under £5, and generally
for servants' wages. Bail are required to be resident within the manor.
The following return from the register shows the quantity of business done in the three
years 1831, 1832, and 1833:—
TNo. of Civil Bill Processes | Same in § Same in Total Number of Processes
issued in the Year 1831. 1832. 1833. | issued for the last three Years. :
About 1,132 { 984 997 - 3,113
No. of Cases actually entered same in Same in Total Number of Cases entered
for Trial in 1831. 1832. 1833. for Trial the last three Years.
| >
976 827 - 84] - 2,637
f |
No. of Appeals Same in ‘Same in 'ſ Total No. in
in 183]. [. 1832. . . 1833. three Years.
i ºf About ten of which were reversed, the
26. 19 - 25 i. 70 { greater number without prejudice.
| Rehearings in t 3. Same in - Same in Total No. in
1831. 1832. 1833. three Years.
12. 14 6 & 32 ſThese rehearings were in order to
i. r º prevent appeals. -
MANORIAL
'JURISDICTION,
Seneschal.
Register and Mar-
shal.
Civil Bill Jurisdic-
tion.

2 T 2
DUBLIN.
304 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION,
Rehearings.
Court-house.
Interference of
Lord Mayor.
Prison,
MANOR CourT OF
GRANGE GoRMAN.
MANOR OF KIL-
MAINHAM,
Register an 1 Mar-
shal.
There has been but one trial of a record during the last three years, and about four courts
of inquiry; in these cases the jurors are paid. # -
The highest sum sued for which a civil bill was brought during the last three years was
£67. 14s.2d., but there have been various processes issued for sums above £10.
The register says he often gives processes to poor persons who are unable to pay.
Rehearings of a case are encouraged; this is said by the seneschal to be on the recom-
mendation of Lord Plunket, when Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, as a course more
satisfactory than the appeal given by the statute. On the rehearings the case is heard as a
new case, with new fees payable to the seneschal and other officers of the court. There are
about ten attorneys registered on the records of the court, and none others can practise under
the record jurisdiction; but all attorneys of the superior courts can practise at the civil bill
side.
There is no regular Court-house within the manor; and in consequence of this defect the
semeschal sits both at Dorset Street and at Kingstown surrounded by the jury, the suitors, and
the public, in a common public house, to the scandal of the administration of justice, and to
the great discredit of all parties whose duty it is to prevent so unseemly an exhibition. The
seneschal states that he has been prevented from having a court-house built by an expectation
that the Legislature would abolish the manor-court jurisdiction; but it must be admitted that
a more suitable place than a public house should be procured in the mean time for holding a
court of justice. The rent of the apartments is ºf by him. The Bishop of Kildare, who
is Dean of Christchurch, has been memorialed by some of the inhabitants on the subject
without effect.
Here, as in the liberties of St. Sepulchre, and of Thomas Court and Donore, the authority of
the corporation and of the semeschal are sometimes found in collision; not as in the liberties, with
respect to the market jury jurisdiction, for none such is exercised in Grange Gorman, but with
respect to the jurisdiction of the court. Not long since the seneschal and register were sum-
moned by the president of the Court of Conscience to his tribunal, and a decree pronounced
there against the register, for fees taken in the semeschal’s court. The claim was dismissed as
against the seneschal, but enforced against the register. }
There is no Prison or Marshalsea now ; there was formerly. All prisoners committed under
the decrees of the court are sent to the county gaol at Kilmainham. -
The whole course of administering justice in the Manorial Court of this liberty was the
subject of much complaint in evidence before us. It was alleged that the juries were of a
very inferior class of persons, generally labourers and servants, (a class particularly objection-
able in this court, where the suits instituted are, for the most part, for the recovery of wages,)
and it was added that they were not always sober while performing their functions—a charge
to which the localities of the courts, both at Dorset Street and Kingstown, being public
houses, may, perhaps, have given rise. Charges of extortion were made against the inferior
officers of the court, one of whom, a former marshal, was admitted to have been dismissed for
misconduct in this respect. It was alleged that the amount of the decree, which is some-
times lodged with the register on occasion of appeals, was not afterwards forthcoming when
required by the successful party. Complaints were made that the marshal's store, to which
goods seized under the court process were brought, was not sufficiently made known to the
suitors; and that, there being but one in the extensive district comprised within the liberty,
goods might be brought from very distant places to it, to the great inconvenience, and per-
haps loss of the owner; that immediate executions were permitted to issue on the decrees of
the court, whereby the party might be deprived of the benefit of the appeal given by the
statute. The seneschal himself was inculpated in these charges, not only for tolerating their
various alleged abuses, but for issuing decrees signed by himself, and left in blank to be
filled up by his deputy or register. All these charges and insinuations were indignantly
denied by the semeschal.
The Manor of Kilmainham lies west of the city of Dublin, embracing Irwin Street, part of
James's Street, and other minor streets, forming continuous portions of the city, between the
boundaries of the city, properly so called, and the Circular Road. No portion of it is within
the county of the city; it extends westward into the county as far as Chapelizod and Lucan.
Lord Cloncurry is lord of the manor, and appoints the seneschal. The present seneschal,
John Finlay, Esq., is assistant barrister for the county of Leitrim. He holds a court for the
trial of civil bills under the recent statutes, sitting in the county court-house at Kilmainham,
about six times every quarter, on days previously fixed and notified by the seneschal.
The quantity of business is very trifling, not exceeding one hundred causes in the year.
The jurisdiction is unlimited, but the greater part of these actions are for sums under £5.
The court is alleged to be preferred to that of the chairmaan of the quarter sessions, who also
sits at Kilmainham. The greater frequency of its sittings, and its having the advantage of
trial by jury, are stated as the reasons for this preference.
The same person fills the situation of Register and Marshal of the court, to which he was
appointed by the seneschal, on condition of receiving only the fees of the marshal. These, as
well as the other court fees, are those given by the 25 Geo. III., the old Manor Court Act.
The emoluments of this officer are about £13 a-year. The present register and marshal is
also the register of the manor court of Grange Gorman.
ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 305
DUBLIN.
The Local Taxation of these liberties is principally of four kinds: viz. First, that which is
MANORIAL
JURISDICTION.
peculiar to the liberty of St. Sepulchre's; Secondly, that to which parts of some of these liberties Local Taxation of"
are subject as composing portions of the county of the city of Dublin; Thirdly, that to which the Liberties,
other parts of them are subject as composing portions of the county of Dublin; Fourthly,
that to which parts of them are subject as composing portions of the city of Dublin as
bounded by the Circular Road.
The first, second, and third are different kinds of grand jury taxation, and have been
mentioned under that head, at p. 99 of the Report, and in this Appendix.
It has been already stated that certain parts of the liberty of St. Sepulchre's, including the
liberty of the deanery of St. Patrick's and the liberty of Donore, were created separate
baronies of the county of Dublin, and the proportions of grand jury cess leviable upon these
districts were fixed.
The mode of applotting and levying the amount, which was different from that prescribed
for the other baronies of the county, was directed by the 46th section of the 26 Geo. III. c. 14.
This section enacted that the treasurer of the county should cause warrants to be delivered
to the seneschals of the respective liberties, setting forth the sums to be raised, and requiring
them to pay same to the treasurer four days before each Easter and Michaelmas term;
the semeschals were empowered to appoint two of the inhabitants of the district to applot the
amount of the warrant on the several householders and landholders; and the seneschals were
empowered to compel the collector or churchwardens of the district, who collected the minis-
ter's dues or watch-money, to levy the sum applotted.
But now, by the 2 Will. IV. c. 13, the county grand jury appoint collectors for these, as for
the other baronies of the county, to whom the treasurer issues his warrant, and the collectors
are bound to deliver a transcript of the warrant to the seneschal, whose duty it is to summon
the inhabitants, requiring them to meet and choose applotters to applot the cess, which is to be
applotted, raised, and levied, in the same manner, and subject to the same regulations, as in
the other baronies of the county.
The taxes affecting these liberties as composing portions of the city within the Circular
Road, have already been mentioned under various heads, as under the head of Police, p. 61
of the Report; Paving, Cleansing, and Lighting, p. 72; the Commissioners of Wide Streets,
p. 108; the Poddell River Tax, noticed p. 117, principally affected portions of the liberties;
the general regulations of the city respecting the Supply of Water have been mentioned under
the head Pipe Water Revenue; in which regulations this peculiarity exists, that the
liberties of St. Sepulchre's, Thomas Court, and Donore, are excepted out of the district
within the Circular Road, wherein the corporation of Dublin were authorized to extend their
works and lay down main pipes
The sixth section of the Act which made this exception, 28 Geo. III. c. 50, empowered
the corporation at any time, on a petition from two-thirds of the inhabitants of any street or
lane in the liberty of St. Sepulchre's, to lay down pipes, and] convey water thereto, and to
enforce the payment on each house, in such street or lane, of the sum chargeable on houses in
the city of Dublin. g
The 22d section of the 19, 20 Geo. III. c. 13, recites, that the Earls of Meath, lords of the
manor of the liberty of Thomas Court and Donore, had for many ages been seized and pos-
sessed of part of the water-course of the river Dodder, beginning at the place called the
Tongue of said river, which divides said water-course between the liberty and the city of
Dublin, and were ammually at a very great expense in repairing the banks of said river, and
putting in pipes for the convenience of the inhabitants of the liberty; and that the inhabitants
had not of late been sufficiently supplied with water, occasioned by persons damming up and
stopping the current of the water, breaking down and destroying the banks, ditches, and fences,
quarrying and raising stones near the banks, making flood-gates, holes, cuts, and putting in
pipes, making sewers, and drawing off the water of the water-course of said river, and by pri-
vately and secretly affixing to and inserting ferrules or branches into the water-course, or main
pipes of the liberty, and otherwise diverting the water, and suffering the same to run to waste
without the knowledge, privilege, or licence of the Earl of Meath, his agents or officers appointed
for taking care of the said water; and that many persons throw in, wash, dip, scour, beat, and
steep, within the water-course, linen, cotton coloured with dye stuffs, and skins, garbage, and
commit several other muisances to corrupt and foul the water, to the hazard and danger of
the lives, health, and safety of the inhabitants.
To prevent such offences the Act then imposed on every person so offending a penalty of
20s., one moiety to be paid to the use of the Blue-coat Hospital, and the other moiety to the
informer, to be recovered before the semeschal of the liberty, or before any of his Majesty's
justices of peace for the county of Dublin, or county of the city of Dublin, where the offence
should be committed.
The supply of water to the inhabitants of this liberty from this water-course appears to
remain a matter of private regulation between the lord of the liberty and his tenants; it
was stated to us that his Liº was under the obligation of supplying pipe-water for the
premises occupied by his tenantry.
The poor of the district, however, suffered considerably from the want of an adequate
supply of water ; and with the view to the removal of so great an evil, in the year 1816, by the
56 Geo. III., c. 142, s. 28, a sum of £6,000 (Irish currency) was granted for the purpose
of constructing Fountains in the Liberties of the city of Dublin, and for the supplying of the
poor inhabitants with water. -
In August, 1818, Alderman John Alley, (then lord mayor of the city,) Major Alexander
Taylor, and Alderman Mark Bloxham, (the two latter being commissioners of paving
Supply of Water.
In St. Sepulchre's.
In Thomas Court. "
and Donore.
Liberty Fountains.
306 APPENDIX TO REPORTS FROM COMMISSIONERS
MANORTAL
JURISDICTION.
Remarks.)
for the city,) were appointed commissioners for erecting fountains in the Earl of Meath's
liberties. * ,
Their estimate of the expense appears to have amounted to £7,790. 12s. 10d., exceeding
the amount of the grant to the extent of £1,790. 12s. 10d., for which, it is alleged, the
Government undertook to provide, upon the expenditure of the grant. -
Besides this expenditure in the actual construction of the works, a permanent annual
charge was incurred for water and for ground to form a basin or filter; and an agreement for
the former was entered into with the Grand Canal Company for the consideration of £120
per annum; Government, as we were informed, at the desire of the company, guaranteeing
the payment of it: and for the basin a lease was taken by the commissioners of a piece of
ground in Whitehall-street, at £25 per annum, the payment of which was also, it is stated,
guaranteed by the Government, by whom both these rents have since been paid.
Two other annual charges were established at the same time—the salary of a treasurer £30,
and of a secretary £20, both, it is alleged, sanctioned and paid by Government in like manner,
so that the province of the commissioners was confined to the disbursement of the grant of
f6,000 in the construction and maintenance of the works.
In 1829, the commissioners first appointed being all deceased, and “the fountains erected
by them being the only channel for supplying with pure water the inhabitants of that very
populous neighbourhood,” the Lord Lieutenant appointed the present commissioners of
paving to superintend the fountains in the liberties, which trust they accepted.
The expenditure was accounted for before the commissioners of imprest accounts, and the
balance in favour of the public at the close of the account for the year ended 5th January,
1829, appears in the 18th report of those commissioners, p. 12, to have been £394.6s.
The subsequent published accounts state the following disbursements:—
Year ended 5th January, 1830. £. s. d. £. s. d.
Paid for plumbers' work, and repairs to fountains, &c. 49 19 6
— 49 19 6
Yeam ended 5th January, 1831. '
Paid commissioners of paving for repairing openings
over water-works. wº e dº º . 34 15 11
For repairs of fountains and water-pipes. e ge 3] 14, 1]
Sundry works at the basin and tank . . . . . 180 5 ()
William Tassie, for estimating, &c., the works at the
basin º tº º tº wº º wº 9 0 0
Salary to basin-keeper, &c. . º © sº g 15 () ()
270 15 10
Year ended 5th January, 1832.
Paid commissioners of paving, &c., for repairs over -
openings made in the street . e - Q . 3 6. I
For repairs of fountains, water-pipes, &c. • gº 39 18 6
Salary to basin-keeper and turncock tº dº • 10 0 . () -
i - 53 4 7
373 19 II
Balance in favour of the public gº sº 20 6 I.
fº! 6 ()
The commissioners stated to us that at the time of our Inquiry their account stood as
follows:—
Debt due at the time of their appointment, 23d May, 1829, and £. s. d.
subsequent expenses, since paid • ‘º , º sº ..º Aº 390 8
Balance . º- • Q © Q, * © . . © g º 3, 17
§
4
394 6 0.
8
Debt since contracted and not paid. © tº *. 9 º 45 1
Deficiency to meet outstanding claims . fºl. 4 4
The commissioners represented the state of the fund, by letter, in January 1833, to the
Government ; and in reply to their representation they were informed that the cost of
maintaining the said fountains should be defrayed from local funds, and that the Lords of the
Treasury would not lay an estimate before Parliament for such purposes.
Under these circumstances the commissioners have questioned whether the fountains in the
Earl of Meath's liberty are such as come under their control and management as com-
missioners of paving; whether they are empowered, as such, to apply the supply of water
for which they pay, under the 90th section of the 47 Geo. III., cap. 109, the annual sum of
fl 30 (Irish) to the corporation of the city of Dublin for the supply of water to fountains or
conduits, which, by the 89th section of that Act, they were empowered to erect in any place
within the Circular Road; and whether, as commissioners of paving, they can defray the cost
of erecting or maintaining such fountains, or of maintaining the agreements with the Grand
Canal Company, and for the rent of the ground occupied by the basin, out of the revenue
derived from the paving and lighting tax. -
Having detailed the origin, nature, and practice of these several manorial jurisdictions so

ON MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND. 307 DUBLIN.
far as they appeared to us to relate to the municipal authority of the corporation of Dublin Júšn.
as actually exercised, or in any altered state of the corporation likely to be exercised over
these districts, we shall conclude by submitting a few general remarks upon them. They
are all remnants of the feudal polity in which they originated, the object of which was to
make a powerful individual, or ecclesiastical corporation, responsible for the good order of the
particular district which was their private property, and for which purpose it became neces-
sary to invest those individuals or corporate bodies with the extraordinary powers which they
possessed under their charters, and any encroachment upon them seems to have been care-
fully guarded against in the subsequent grants of the crown to the City. (See charter of
John, p. 3.) From the earliest period to which our records reach, we find these peculiar
jurisdictions productive of jealousies and perpetual hostility: these record sattest the constant
interference of the authority of the Crown, or, in those days, the still more formidable power
of the Pope, to settle their disputes, either about boundaries or jurisdiction. Originally, in
all probability, both were defined with sufficient accuracy; but in progress of time, and in the
advance of improvement, the districts adjoining the city, which at first were valueless,
became inhabited, and, perhaps, objects of contention for the feudal services which the
inhabitants were called upon to perform. But, whatever may have been their utility in
former days, it appears evident that they are productive of great present inconvenience, and
that these manorial jurisdictions are not suited to the altered circumstances of modern times.
As a mere topographical division, whether for the purposes of taxation, local government,
or the administration of justice, nothing can be more incongruous and inconvenient. At the
time of their formation, in all probability, the streets of the city were confined to the space
comprised within its walls, and these several liberties were principally agricultural districts
adjoining. Now, large portions of the city, as built upon, are comprised in the same districts
with rural districts of great extent, some at very remote distances from Dublin, and even in
different counties. Others embrace large portions of what is popularly and properly, though
not legally, the city of Dublin. The wealthy parish of St. George, containing Mountjoy
Square and several of the handsomest streets of Dublin, is within the manor of Grange
Gorman, while the liberties of St. Sepulchre, and of Thomas Court and Donore, include
the majority of the poorest of its population. For some purposes those portions of the liber-
ties and manors within the Circular Road are, as has been noticed, placed by statute within
the city of Dublin, and under the municipal authority, while for other purposes they are still
exclusive; and so ill ascertained is the extent of their jurisdiction, that the semeschal of one
of them (Grange Gorman) claims an authority over the entire city of Dublin itself, while the
lord mayor has directed summonses from his Court of Conscience to the officers of the sene-
schal's court for acting within their proper jurisdiction, as a usurpation on the authority of the
corporation.
The collision of magisterial authority between the seneschal and market jurors of the liber-
ties on the one hand, and the corporate functionaries on the other, has also been already
referred to. It is superfluous to remark how discreditable such scenes are to the community in
which they occur; yet, from the nature of these manorial jurisdictions, and the irregular
boundaries of the city, they seem inevitable. With the best intentions to discharge an important
public duty over what ought naturally to be his province, the lord mayor (perhaps inadvertently)
passes the confines of one of these manorial jurisdictions, in which the semeschal and his market
juries claim exclusive cognizance. Breaches of the peace thus sometimes have taken place
between those who are sworn to be its preservers, and the inhabitants of the district are ha-
rassed by a conflicting authority, and sometimes have been twice taxed for the same purpose
under the alleged sanction of the law.
The defects in the original constitution of the manor-court jurisdiction, and the abuses.
which are known to exist in such courts in many parts of Ireland, have been long a subject
of complaint, and have been pointed out in many of our local Reports. The Dublin Manor
Courts have not, however, shared generally the same censure with the other manor courts in
Ireland; partly, perhaps, from the circumstance of their being more open to public scrutiny
than those in the interior of the country, but much also, as we apprehend, from their being
always under the superintendence of a professional Judge, more fitted by his education and
habits for the discharge of such a duty, as well as bound, from regard for his character, to a
more rigid observance of it. However, as has been seen, neither are the Dublin Manor
Courts altogether free from objection and complaint. The provisions of the Manor Court
Acts are not always complied with. In no instance is the patent creating the manor lodged
with the clerk of the peace, as required by statute.
We have no hesitation in saying that it is desirable that, in any new arrangement of the
municipal authority of the city of Dublin, these local jurisdictions should be either abolished,
or put on a totally different footing.
It is to be remembered that almost all these local courts have, in the adjudication of ques-
tions of property, an unlimited jurisdiction in point of amount, and unrestricted as regards the
nature of the action, except that generally they cannot enter on questions affecting real pro-
ert V.
p ūder the respective charters or patents creating them, the jurisdiction in criminal matters
extends to almost all offences; and although the exercise of this power is now unknown,
the power is still claimed, and up to the year 1803 was actually put in force in the liberty of
St. Sepulchre.
In two of these manorial jurisdictions courts-leet are still held, where grand juries are sworn,
and under the directions of the seneschal exercise the power of abating nuisances, thereby
affecting property in a considerable degree, and one of these leet grand juries (St. Sepulchre's)
makes presentments, taxing the inhabitants within their jurisdiction to a large annual amount.
DUBLIN.
308 MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN IRELAND.
MANORIAL
- JURISDICTION,
The very important powers exercised by the market juries sworn within these liberties have
been already noticed in detail. Ö
All these varied and extensive powers are exercised directly, or controlled by an officer
appointed by an irresponsible individual, or ecclesiastical corporation. The most unfit persons
might thus, at caprice, or for the personal advantage of an individual, be appointed to preside
in a court having almost unlimited power over the persons and property of the King's subjects.
The mode of remunerating these officers by fees is very objectionable, and has already been
condemned by the Legislature as a mode of payment to the highest judicial officers.
We are not insensible to the great advantage which, as cheap local tribunals, these manor
courts afford to the poorer classes; but, in recommending their abolition, we would suggest,
as a substitute for them, that an extended jurisdiction should be given to the Recorder; that
it should be rendered imperative on him to sit at least once a week for the trial of civil bills;
that his jurisdiction should be assimilated to that prescribed for the assistant barristers; that
residence of the defendant, alone, should be required to give jurisdiction; that there should be
a scale of fees, gradually ascending in a certain ratio, to be paid into the Treasury, and not to
the Judge; that process-servers should be appointed as in the Assistant Barristers' Court,
who should give security for their good conduct; that the power of attaching goods should
be placed º: restriction; that the Marshal's stores should be in a public place; and that,
for the convenience of the suitors, the Recorder should sit alternately at the north and south
sides of the river. 4.
Suitable Court-houses should be built for the purpose, and the reprehensible practice of
holding a court for administering justice in public houses should be abolished. Such would
be an ample provision for the city; and with respect to those parts of the liberties outside the
Circular Road, and within the county of Dublin, the chairman of Kilmainham might, under
similar restrictions and powers, sit in different districts of the county, as at Howth and
Kingstown, Swords and Rathcool.
... Under such regulations, the collisions of authority which now disgrace the city would no
longer ensue; and the burdens of taxation, which now press unequally on different parts,
would be equalized. The administration of justice to the poor would be placed in the hands
of competent and responsible tribunals, and a uniform system of local government would
be established in this large metropolis.
LoNDON: Printed by W. Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street,
For His Majesty's Stationery Office,
ERRATA AND ADDENDA
TO THE
REP o RT on THE CITY OF DUBLIN.
Page 2, paragraph 5. In the list of parishes insert “St. Mary” and “St. Mary's, Donnybrook.”
Page 6, paragraph 26. The charter described as granted in the thirteenth year of the reign of George
II. ought to have been stated as granted in the thirteenth year of the reign of George I.
9 y
Page 38, line 52. For “each” read “one.
Page 46, lines 29, 30, 31. Dele “The general period for which the sessions have been latterly
adjourned is one month, never for any shorter period; but adjournments have been made for
five or six weeks, which is represented as being considerably longer than in any former recorder's
time:” and read as follows: “With respect to the Sittings and Adjournments of the Sessions,
the evidence given by the present recorder before the Select Committee of the House of Commons
on Municipal Corporations (in 1833) was as follows:—
“5078. Does the recorder attend once a month 2–I have sat every month since my appointment as recorder in the
month of March 1828, except on one occasion, when I was prevented by illness.
“5079. What is the average duration of those monthly Sessions?—During the quarter months the court sits, or, at
least, I, as recorder, sit the greater part of each quarter month. . At those sittings the court tries cases where parties
are in custody as well as where they are out on bail; besides which the court sits, or has sat since the election of the
present recorder, every month for the trial of prisoners, and at every sitting the court delivers the gaol.
“5100. Have you now any arrears of business in your court 2—None.
“ 5101. When you first took office did you find it in a different state 2—Yes, I found a large arrear in traverse for
bail business.
“5] 02. Is the quantity of business such as to render the adjournment from month to month expedient 2—I think it
expedient in consequence of the large number of prisoners to be tried.
“ 5103. Has that practice been introduced by you ?—Yes; the court used to sit at irregular periods, and I have
established the practice of sitting from month to month; and on each occasion I continue sitting till the prison is
entirely cleared of prisoners. *
“5104. How many days' duration, generally speaking, are the monthly sittings 2—Generally four or five continuous
days.”
The statement of the officer of the court upon the same subject was as follows:—
“There are now four General Quarter Sessions held in the year, and the adjournments from them. Mr. Walker was
recorder when I came into office. The court them generally sat once a fortnight by adjournment.
“ Each sitting generally lasted for a day. There were occasions when it might be shorter or longer.
“It frequently happened in Mr. Walker's time that an arrear took place; but it was very triflung. Arrangements
were made for trying the prisoners as soon after committal as conveniently could be. A day was taken previous to the
sitting of the court as the day after which prisoners who came in should not be tried. The substantial arrear was composed
principally of those persons who came in after that fixed day, and their trial was postponed to the next Session. The
general day of sitting was every second Tuesday. The interval after the day fixed before trial was only two or three
days. That was a generally understood arrangement. If a party, either prosecutor or prisoner, wished to have a trial
brought on, arrangements would be made to have the trial brought on. The average number of cases in the calendar
at each sitting, and disposed of in some way, was 50 to 70. The calendar was generally, I think, made up to Saturday
night. I have never known Mr. Walker at any one time to sit more than one day, no matter what the weight of the
calendar was. I do not know whether that was a rule or not. We generally got through the calendar in one day.
“The court sat more frequently after Sir Jonas Greene came into office. He sat more than one day, consecutively.
He had no regular system of adjourning.
“The adjournments were in some instances to a longer period than when Mr. Walker was recorder. There was a
considerable arrear of business left at Mr. Walker's decease; that arrear was never got rid of while Sir Jonas Greene was
recorder. Some of what Sir Jonas Greene found in arrear, he left in arrear; these were not custody cases. There was
no arrear of custody cases at Mr. Walker’s death, because he appointed Sir Jonas Greene his deputy, and he got rid of
all custody cases, and tried also some bail cases, while he was deputy; the arrear consisted of bail cases. Sir Jomas
Greene was about seven years recorder. There were some individual bail cases in arrear at Sir Jonas's death, which he
found undisposed of at Mr. Walker's death. -
“I think there were adjournments in Sir Jonas Greene’s time to three weeks—not longer. He has come up in the
intervals between his towns of the circuit. He never adjourned for a whole circuit. He did not clear the gaol at each
sitting. He did not always dispose of the calendar then ready. He sometimes sat two days, consecutively. There have
been instances in which he sat three days, consecutively, but rarely. In point of practice, he has sat once, twice, or
thrice a-week. Sir Jonas Greene did not allow sufficient time, in his sittings, to get rid of all the cases for trial. That
irregularity of the adjournments continued during the whole time of Sir Jonas's recordership. The prisoners somewhat
increased, in point of numbers, not in any remarkable degree, in Sir Jonas's time; and he, decidedly, had a slower
method of doing business than Mr. Walker. From 80 to 100 was, perhaps, the number of days in the year in which the
Criminal Court then sat.
“The committals were numerous at that time, almost in every day of every week; matters in that respect have not
much mended. There was always quite sufficient business in the fortnight's sittings, in Mr. Walker's time, to occupy a
day; and always business, in Sir Jonas's time, to occupy him during the days he appointed.
“Many of the offenders tried at the Recorder's Court are juvenile. Grown persons are sent to the Richmond bride-
well, with a view to their improvement. I understand that both there and in the l’enitentiary they receive moral and
religious instruction. Prisoners before trial are, generally speaking, confined in Newgate, unless in cases of very young
persons or females, whom the magistrates, sometimes, send to the Penitentiaries. I am not aware of the intermal
management of Newgate prison; I understand there is a schoolmaster attached to the gaol. I believe it to be important
that the confinement in Newgate,” before trial, should be as short as possib’e, with a view to the prisoner, if guilty, being sent
to those places where there is a possibility of his improvement. It is generally supposed that Newgate is a very bad place
for the confinement of prisoners.
“At present there are twelve sittings in the year. There are four General Quarter Sessions early in the months of
January, April, July, and October ; the days are fixed, and to be found in the Directory. At these sittings all business
ready for the court is transacted. These Quarter Sessions last several days. January Sessions end about the end of the
month, and an adjournment of a month takes place, ending in the latter end of February, from thence to the latter end of
March, and then to the Quarter Sessions of April. There are, generally speaking, some days intervening between the
Adjourned Sessions of the latter end of March and the Quarter Sessions of April. There are four sessions commencing
on the quarter-days; those are the longest sessions in the year, and at the end of each quarter the business is all dis-
posed of. In the first adjournment the only business to be done is the cases which occur in the interval and during that
* See the lamentable condition of this gaol, and the evils consequent upon the not more frequently disposing of the
custody cases stated above, p. 56.
2
\ t
sitting. There is no business whatever left undisposed of at the end of those sessions. There are none but custody
cases disposed of in the Adjourned Sessions, unless it should happen that a bail case was specially fixed for that ad-
journment. The bail cases occur only at the Quarter Sessions. The longest period a person can be kept in gaol previous
to trial is a month, generally speaking, and that month is counted from the day of the prisoner’s committal. The cus-
tody cases greatly preponderate over bail cases; I think in the proportion, at all events, of five to one.
“This arrangement of trying cases has prevailed since the present recorder disposed of the great arrear which sub-
sisted at his appointment. This alrear he cleared by sitting three or four days together in the week until he got rid of
it. This, as I recollect, lasted between one and two years. º
“Those new arrangements were made, l believe, about two or three years ago, previous, as I recollect, to the present
recorder being made a Member of Parliament, and immediately after his getting rid of the arrears. The uncertainty of
the time of the sittings was a subject of general complaint amongst the aldermen, grand jury, prosecutors, and several
other persons: some known period was very much wished for. I know that complaint to be made in Mr. Walker's time.
In his time the complaints were made principally with relation to bail and traverse cases. As to them, all was uncer-
tainty as to the time of trial.
“There is more certainty at present than in Mr. Walker's time. There is, generally speaking, a day fixed for hearing
the bail cases at the General Quarter Sessions. The custody cases being then light, in consequence of the previous
adjournment coming so close, sometimes not many days intervening. The usual number of bail cases, at each General
Quarter Sessions, is from 60 to 100. I think they generally consume two or three days. What I mean by saying that
the Quarter Sessions last to the end of the month is, that they are the heaviest sessions, there being civil bills, eject-
ments, and appeals tried by the recorder, after disposing of the bail cases and custody cases ; and after trying the civil
bills and appeals, he again resumes the hearing of custody cases, which, when the sessions commence (which is some-
times the case) on the 13th, 14th, or 15th of the month, protracts the session to near the end of the month. The Civil
Bill Court sits on the 20th or 21st of the month; the business generally occupies two days.
“There are some cases of offences against strangers, as, for instance, of pockets picked, in which it is inconvenient
to have the trial postponed to the next Adjourned Sessions.
“The average number of custody cases at each of the adjourned sittings, is from 150 to 200. They are generally
disposed of in three or four days.
“The civil bills and civil bill ejectments never take more than two days.
“The longest interval between two adjournments within the last two years, was more than five, and less than sia weeks.
I think there was no interval so long as that while either Sir Jonas Greene or Mr. Walker was recorder.”
In page 52, line 8. After “appointed,” add, “according to the 3d section of the 31 Geo. III. c 16,
by the prothomotaries of the Courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas, the Clerk of the Pleas
of the Exchequer, and the town-clerk of the city for the time being, or any three of them, and
removable by the recorder for misbehaviour. In case of his not being so appointed, this officer,
by the 4th section.of that Act, is to be appointed.”
In the same page, line 10, in lieu of “paid on such proceedings in the Civil Bill Courts of Assistant
Barristers,” read “formerly paid on proceedings by civil bill before the Judges of Assize under
the 2 Geo. I. c. 11, s. 10.
In page 76, line 34, for “s. 30” read “s. 3.”
In page 116, line 39, for “St. Thorny” read “St. Mary.”
At p. 154, between the paragraph ending “as other dues,” and that beginning “The exaction of
these dues,” insert, *
Besides the fees upon coal vessels of 5s. 6%d, said to be in consideration of the tubs, scales, and
weights furnished, the water-bailiffs have also exacted another charge of 1s. for “slings,” without
which the tubs used in weighing would be useless. The only difference made as to this charge is,
that it is not enforced unless the party actually takes the slings; the other fees are taken whether the
tubs, &c., are supplied or are not.
At p. 179, 12 lines from the bottom, insert,
Among the casual receipts sums have been received for premiums on debentures issued at times
when, owing to the credit of the corporation, and the state of the money-market, their securities were
above par; these sums were either allowed by the Bank of Ireland, or obtained through the stock-
brokers, Messrs. Gibbons and Williams, as follows:
Debentures. #.
per cent. premium on . 31 . . . . . 31
# , , 2 3 2 2 19 . . . . . 28
2 3 , , , ; 20 . . . . . 60
3 3 2 3 2 2 30 . . . . . 150
, , , , , , 20 . . . . . 100
S.
1821. Nov. 24, Bank .
I
2 3
1822. Jan. 12. 2 3
June 8, G. and W.
5 2. Bank .
, , 29, G and W.
July 6, Bank .
:
l
2 3 9 3 2 > 20 (less commission.) 106
2 2 2 3 2 3 20 . . . . . 110
, , 20, , , . . . 2 3 2 2 2 2 10 . . . . . 55
Sept. 14, G. and W. 2 3 2 2 > 9 30 . . . . . 165
Oct. 12, G and W. 5%. , , 2 2 2 3 45 . . . . . 247 l.
1823. July 26, G. and W. 5 2 2 2 3 2 2 6 (less commission.) 29
Aug. 7, G. and W. 5 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 ditto . . . . 19 1
*sº
255 £1,102 11 4
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REPORT ON THE CITY OF DUBLIN.
PART II.
ajtgtp.
L ON DO N :
PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMEORD STREET,
TOR IIIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
1836.