’ ** " A iU vr ima cj I Ik It 1.0 fi H fcf P-l J !z w 1 \j ‘ BROWNE (Sir Thomas) contd. 4500. Another copy. This does not contain the rare [inserted] leaf of errata, nor the leaf with the printed label for the back. [W. O.] FROM THE LIBRARY OK SIR WILLIAM OSLER.Rart. OXFORD r->JWr- 36 J. & J. LEIGHTON, Ltd. '*7 2-7 210 BROWNE (Sir Thos.) Hydriotaphia, Ume-Buriall, or a Discourse of the Sepulchrall Umes lately found in Norfolk, together with the Garden of Cyrus . . . £8. Ss. 1658 Sm. 8vo, panelled calf, gilt lines, frontis. backed with old paper, large copy with the book list at end, followed by an orig. blank. First ed. with p. 202 mispr. 102. The Hoe copy brought £25. by auction and another sold by auction Feb., 1920, for £22. 10s. : another recently priced £18. 18s. Keynes 93. 35 25 ancie^ X>pO^ St- G^ St- GO ,GO°^ nna otdVdS 5s. dW<* s S3- a acco 1 “"SS^ jSS^.V* 4 - \640 \a*S e v lb e .nba^V ’ lS f e ^ etotX St°^f^ a - v?as ab orvg- A 5 ^ V de ® ta ' itott l^5; . v. v Get*! trea tlse JGsed HYDRIOT APHl A, ‘V'RZ^EJBVKMLL, OR, A Difcourfe of the Sepulchral! Urnes lately found in NORFOLK. 'Together with The Garden of Q T % V OR THE Quincunciall, Lozenge, or Net-work Plantations of the An¬ cients, Artificially, Naturally, ' Myftically Confidered. With Sundry Obfervations, By Thomas Browne D.of Phyfick, L O J(.!Z)OK, Printed for Hen. Brome at the Signe of the Cun in lvy~lane. 1658, TO MY Worthy and Honoured Friend THOMAS Le Qbut that thefe fhould arife fo opportunely to ferve your fel f, was an hit of fate and ho¬ nour beyond prediction. We cannot but wifb thefe llrnes mighl have the effeft of Theatrical veffels, am great d Hippodrome llrnes in Rome 5 to re found the acclamations and honour dui unto you .But thefe arc fad and fepulcbra Pitchers, which have no joyful voices filently exprefling old mortality, the ru ines of forgotten times, and can onl fpeak with life, how long in this corrup tible frame, fome parts may be uncor rupted } yet able to out-laft bones lonj unborn, and nobleft pyle e among us* We prefent not thefe as any ftrang fight or fpeftacle unknown to your eye who have beheld the beft of Urnes, an noble Dedicatory t 15 ;| . noblefi: variety of Aflies 5 Who are your j (elf no (lender matter of Antiquities, x andean daily command the view of fo u many Imperiall faces 5 Which raifeth your thoughts unto old things, andcon- [j fideration of times before you, when e- ai ven living men were Antiquities; when „ the living might exeeed the dead, and to 1 depart this world, could not be proper- j ly faid, to go unto the f greater number, t Abut ad And fo run up your thoughts upon the | ancient of dayes, the Antiquaries trueft j .object, unto whom the eldeft parcels are p young, and earth it felfan Infant; and „ Without 8 Egyptian account makes but w ,.. j fmall noife in thoufands. makes the We were hinted by the occafion, not world fo , catched the opportunity to write of old ^ nyywrs j things, or intrude upon the Antiquary. , We are coldly drawn unto difcourfes of Antiquities, who have fcarce time before c us to comprehend new things, or make out learned Novelties. But feeing they ! arofeas they lay.almoft in filence among ' Vts, a t lead: in fliort account fuddenly paf- | fed over; we were very unwilling they (hould die again, and be buried twice a- mongus. A 3 Befide j the TLpijlle * Wherein M Vugdale hath excel¬ lently well endeavour¬ ed, and worthy to be counte¬ nanced by ingenuous and noble jperfons. Befide, to preferve the living, and piake the dead to live, to keep men out of their Urnes, and difeourfeof humane fragments in them, is not impertinent unto our profeffion 5 whofe ftudy is life and death, who daily behold examples of mortality, and of all men leaft need artificial memento’s, or coffins by our bed fide, tomindeusofour graves. Tis time to obferve Occurrences, andl let nothing remarkable efcape us $ The Supinity of elder dayes hath left fo much in filence, or time hath fo martyred the Records, that the moft h induftrious heads do finde no eafie work to ere£t new Britannia. ’Tis opportune to look back upon old times, and contemplate our Forefathers. Great examples grow thin, and to be fetched from the palled world. Simpli¬ city flies away, and iniquity comes at long Andes upon us. We have enough to do to make up our felves from prefent and pafled times, and the whole ftage of things (carce fervetb for our inftrudion. A compleat peece of vertue muft be piadc up from the Centos of all ages, as as Dedicatory 4 as all the beauties of Greece could make it but one handfome Venus. ci When the bones of King Arthur were n digged up*, the old Race might think, ilnthetime if they beheld therein fome Originals of I themfelves , Unto thefe of our Urnes Qmbden. i none here can pretend relation, and K C an only behold the Reliques of thofe * perfons, who in their life giving the Laws unto their predeceffors, after long a obfcurity, now lye at their mercies. ii But remembring the early civility they 1 brought upon thefe Countreys, and for¬ te getting long palled mifchiefs 5 We mer¬ it cifully preferve their bones, and piffe l not upon their alhe 9 . In the offer of thefe Antiquities we til drive not at ancient Families, fo long ti out-laftedby them} We are far re from t ere&ing your worth upon the pillars of f your Fore-fathers, whofe merits you 1: illuftrate. We honour your old Vir- U tues, conformable unto times before ft you, which are the Nobleft Armoury, it And having long experience of your r friendly converlation, void of empty Formality, full of freedome, conftant A 4 and the Epiftte,8cc. and Generous Honefty. I look upon ruptwt'ri* y° u as a Gemmeof the k Old Rock,and pufiinrifji. muft profefle my felf eventollrne and ! A it**,* Your ever faithfull Friend, and Servant, Thomas Urovme* TO MY t » Worthy and Honored Friend NICHOLAS BACO^f of (jillinghaut Efqujre. t/4d I not obferved that a Pur- * PUmfSu^ blinde men have difcourfed Cabtm > fcc * f well of fight, andforne* with- tvMnj' j M out ijfue, excellently of Gene- >sse# rit ' ton . / t fj at was never ma¬ iler of any confiderable garden , had not attempted this Subjell. Sat the Earth is the Garden of Nature , and each fruitfull Countrey a Par adi/e. Diofcorides made tnoU of his Obfervations in his march about mth Antonius j and Theophraftus raf¬ fed his generalities chiefly from the field. Befide we write no Herb all, nor can this « Befleri Volume deceive you, who have handled the ^ ortu i c maffiefl thereof : who know that three d Folios are yet too little , and how New fteamm Her bats fly from America upon us , from t'r- - SMy wor¬ thy friend M.O roodier an ancient and learned Botanift. f As in Lon* don and di¬ vers parts, whereof we mention none, left wefeem to omit any. TheEpiftle perfevering Enquirers, and e old inthofe Singularities, we expett fuch Defcriptions. wherein? England is now fo exaff, that it yeelds not to other Countreys. We pretend net to multiply vegetable divi- ftons by Qttincuncial and Reticulate plant s’-, or erect a new Phytology . T he Field of knowledge hath been fo traced 3 it is hard to faring any thing new. Of old things we write fomething new, if truth may receive addition } or envy will have anything new } ft nee the Ancients knew the late Anatomicall difcovtries 3 and Hippocrates the Circu¬ lation, Tou have been fo long out of trite learn - ing, that ’tishard to finde a fubjeU proper for youj and if you have met with a Sheet upon this , we have miffed our intention. In this multiplicity of writings bye and barren Themes are befi fitted for invention \ Sub¬ jells fo often difour fed confine the Imagina¬ tion, andfix oar conceptions unto the notions of fore-writers. Be fide ^ fuch THfcourfes al¬ low excur(ions, and venially admit of colla- terall truths , though at fonte difisnee from their principals. Wherein if we fometimes are not fingle-i buterre tHippocratet de fuperfie- utione, dt **'* w . c deutititme. by great § exampL Dedicatory. He that will iUuftrate the excellency of this order 3 way eajily (ail upon fo jpruce a Subje& 3 wherein we have not affrighted the common %eader with any other Diagramms y then of it felf , and have induflrioufy declinedilln - (lr at ions from rare and unknown plants. 7 our dt/cerning judgement fo well acquain¬ ted with that Jludy, will expetf herein no mathematical! truths 3 at well underjlandtng how few generalities and 11 V finita’s there b RuIes are in nature. How Scaliger hath found ex- without ex ceptionsin mo ft Vniverfals o/Ariftotle and Cc P tl0ns * Theophraftus. How Botanica.il Maximes muft have fair allowance , and are tolerably currant s if not intolerably over-ballanced by exceptions. You have wifely ordered your vegetable deltghts 3 beyond, the reach of exception. The Turks who pafft their dayes in gardens here 3 will have Gardens alfo hereafter , and de¬ lighting in Flowers on earth, ntujl have Lil¬ lies and Rofes in Heaven. In Garden De¬ lights 'tis not eafte to held a Mediocrity • that infmuating pleafure isfeldome withoutfome extremity. The Antients venially delight¬ ed in flourijloing Gardens $ Many were Flo- rifts that knew not the true ufe of a Flower And in Plinics dayes none had Uireftly trea- I T ulipo m noil mankinde, and the living creation ; "iihes not wholly elea ping, except the bit Ocean were handfomely contem¬ ned by a mixture of the frefh Ele¬ ment. Many have taken voluminous pains to etermine the ftate of the foul upon dif- ’nion j but men have been moft phanta- ':icali in the lingular contrivancss of their Wporalldiffolmion: whifeft the fobrefi: iations have refted in two wayes,of hm- lle inhumation and burning. That carnall interment or burying Jas of the elder date* the old examples t Abraham and the Patriarchs are fuffici- ht to illuftrate; And were without com- etjtion, if it could be made out, that A~ : -tm was buried near DamafctUy or Mount according to fome Tradition. °d himfelf, that buried but one 5 was leafed to make choice of this way, colic- ible from Sclipture-expreffion, and the B a bos Hydriot aphid, hot conteft between Satan and the Arch- Angel, about dillcovering the body of Mofes. Bur the pradice of Burning was alfo of great Antiquity, and of no (lender extent. For (not to derive the fame ’from Hercules ) noble defcriptions there are hereof in the Grecian Funerals of He tner , In the formall Ohfequics of Patr* elus, and Achilles ; and feme what elder in the Theban war re, and folemn combufti' on of Menecem, and Archemorus, contem porary unto Jair the Eighth Judge of If rael. Confirmable alio among the Tn jans i from the Funerall Pyre of Hcftft burnt before the gates of trey. And tit b burning of Penthijilea the i/ifnjzotte^ Queen: and long continuance of thst piadice, in the inward Countries of Afu\ * Ammia- while as low as the Reign of jf ulsanpi linus^Gum ^ nc ^ c that the Kmg of Chionia c burnt lb hmn King body of his Son, and interred the allies iJ of c hionu a vcr U rn e. r f jrT")S! The lame pradice extended alfo fan * Amoidis Weft *, and befides Herulians , Getes , am Thracians, was in ufe with mod of tk & Q^Cala- bcr. lib. i. Montanis Com me *r. Celts, Sarmatians Germans , Gauls, Dattl l.l Gvral- Swedes, Norwegians ; not to omit fome of thereof among Carthaginians and A* ricaffl dtis Kirk- niannus. d r 2. Tabu!, part.i- d e jure f cro. Hcniiiicin njornnim in urbc nc fcfeJito, neve uriro* tom 2 . Rogum afeia ne pol CO. *Vrne-Buriall. tiCMSi Of grcaicr Antiquity among the Romans then moft opinion, or Plwy ft ems to allow. For (btfide the old Table Laws of burning d or burying within the City, of making the FuneraJI fire with plained wood, or quenching the fire with wine.) Manlius the Conful burnt the body of his Son : Nut** by freciall claufe of his W ill, was not burnt but buried ; And R mus was (olemnly buried,according to thede- lcription of Ovid c , , to.4. Item vigencri Annotat. in Livium & Al<=v L 01 co * „ Bofcinut cum d.rr^ero. * u" !,L A u /"^ UC "' h DeFaft. lib 4 cum Car. Neapol anapt^. Md.ta Aamma ,c«q. Cornelius Sylla was not the fir ft whofe body was burned in Rome t but of the Cornelian Family, which being indiffe¬ rently, not frequently ufed before 5 front that time fpread, and became thepreva- lent praftice. Not totally purfued in the higheft runne of Cremation; For when even Crows were funerally burnt. Popped the Wife of Nero found a peculi¬ ar grave enterment.Now as all cuftonies were founded upon fome bortome of Rea (on, fo there wanted not grounds for this; according to feverall a pprehenfions of the tnoft rational! diflolution. Some B 3 being Uydriotaphia , being of the opinion of Thdesjh&t water was the originall of all things .thought it ynoftequall to fubmit unto the principle of putrefa&ion, and conclude in a moift relentment.Others conceived it moft na¬ tural to end in fire, as due unto the mafia principlein the compofition,according to the do&rine of Heraclitus. And there¬ fore heaped up large piles, more aftively to waft them toward that Element, whereby they alfo declined a vifible de- generation into worms, and left a lafting parcell of their com petition. Some apprehended a purifying virtue in fire, refining the grofler commixture/ and firing out the iEthereall particles fo deeply immerfcd in it. And fuch as by tradition or rationall conje&ure held any hint of the finall pyre of all things; oi that this Element at laft muft: be too hard for all the reft 5 might conceive moft na- naturally of the fiery diftolution, Others pretending no natural grounds, politick- ly declined the malice of enemies upon their buried bodies. Which confidera- tion led Sylla unto this pra&ife; who haring thus ferved the body of Marius, could not but fear a retaliation upon 1 his *V me-Bur tall* his own; entertained after in the Civil! wars,and revengeful contentionsof Rome t But as many Nations embraced, and many left it indifferent, fo others too much' affefted, or ftri&ly declined this pra&ice. The Indian Bracbtnans feemed too great friends unto fire, who burnt themlelves alive, and thought it the no- bitft way to end their dayes in fire j ac¬ cording to the exprefiion of the Indian, burning himfflf at Athens *, in his laft words upon the pyre unto the amazed fpe&ators, Thus I make my felfe Im¬ mortal/. But the Chaldeans the great Idolaters of fire, abhorred the burning of their carcafles, as a pollution of that Deity. The Perfian Magi declined it upon the like fcruple, and being only follicitous a- bout their bones, expofed their titlh to the prey of Birds and Dogges. And the Terfees now in India y which expofe them bodies unto Vultures, and endure not fo much as feretra or Beers of Wood, the proper Fuel! of fire, are led on with fuch niceties. But whether the ancient Germans who burned their dead, held any fuch fear to pollute their Deity of Herthsts , or B 4 the f And therefore the Infcri- prion of his Tomb m% made ac¬ cordingly. Nic.Damafi\ 8 1 Hy dr iot apbia y the earth, we have no Autheotick conje¬ cture. The Egyptians were afraid of fire, not as a Deity, but a devouring Element, mercilefly confuming their bodies, and leaving too little of them ; and therefore fcy precious Embalcnents, depofiture in dry earths, or handfome inclofure in glafles, contrived the notablefi wayesof integrall confervation. And from fuch ^Egyptian fcruples imbibed by Pythago- tasi 'w may be conjectured tbatN«»/* and the Pvthagoricall SeCt firft waved the fi¬ ery folution. The Scythians who fwore by winde and Iword, that is, by life and death, were fofarrefrom burning their bodies, that they declined all interrment, and made their graves in the ayr: And the Ichthy~ ophagi or filb-eating Nations about JE- gypt, affeCt cd the Sea for their grave: Thereby declining vifible corruption, and reftoring the debt of their bodies. Whereas the old Heroes in Homer, faez- ded nothing more than water or drown¬ ing 5 probably upon the old opinion of the fiery fubftj nee of the foul, onlyex- tinguifbable by that Element j And there- 'Vrne Buriatt. therefore the Poet emphatically impli- eth the totall deftru&ion in this kinde of death, which happened to Ajax Oileua 8. The old * Balea'iapi had a peculiar mode, for they ufed great Urnes and inuch wood, bur no fire in their burials, while they bruited the fiefh and bones of the dead, crowded them into Urneg, and lajd heapes of wood upon them. And the* Chmois without cremation or urnall interrmentof their bodies, make ti'e of trees and much burning, while they plant a Pine-tree by their grave, and burn great numbers of printed draughts of flaves and horfes over it, civilly con¬ tent with their companies in effigie, which barbarous Nations exa& unto re¬ ality, Chriftians abhorred this way of obfe- quies, and though they ftickt not to give their bodies to be burnt in their lives, detefted that mode after death; affe&ing rather a depofiture than abfum- ption, and properly fubmitting UDto the lenience of God, to return not unto a- (hes but unto duftagaine, conformable unto theprattice of the Patriarchs, the interr- * Which Manias rcades * Diodor vu Siculus. * Ramufms in Navigate Hydriotaphidy Kartialis the Eifllop Cyprian. eerrmentof our Saviour, of Peter, Paul, and the ancient Martyrs. And lo farrc at laft declining promilcuous enterrment with Pagans, that fome have fullered Ec« clefiaftica! cenfures, for making no fcru* pie thereof. The Muffelman beleevers will never admit this fiery refolution. For they hold a prefent trial from their black and white Angels in the grave; which they muft have made fo hollow, that they may rife upon their knees. The Jewifh Nation, though they cn tertained the old way of inhumation, yet fome times admitted this practice. For the men o r JabeJl) burnt the body of Saul. And by no prohibited pra&ice to avoid contagionor pollution, in time of pefti- lence, burnt the bodies of their friends h . io. And when they burnt not their dead bo¬ dies, yet lometimes ufed great burnings near? and about them, deducible from the expreHions concerning Jeforam, Se- dechtas , and the fumptuous pyre of A fa: 'Sueron.in And were fo little averfe from‘Pagan viw. jui. burning, that the Jews lamenting the death of Ctefar their friend, and revenger on Pompey , frequented the place where his » Am6fr6. ^ f Vrnc-Btiriall . his body was burnt for many nights to¬ gether. And as they railed noble Monu¬ ments and Maufohettms for their own Na¬ tion k , fothey were not lcrupulous inc- redttng fome for others, according to the praftice of D«mel , who left that laft * §ng fepulchrall pyle in £cbhta»a 3 for the Medea# and Per ft an Rings K But even in times of fubje&ion and hotteft ufe, they conformed not unto the Romane pra&ice of burning; whereby the Prophecy was (ecured concerning the body of Chrift, that it (fcould not fee corruption, or a bone ftiould not be bro¬ ken j which we beleeve was alio provi¬ dentially prevented, from the Souldiers fpear and, nails that part by the little bones both in his hands and feet ; Not of ordinary contrivance, that it (hould not corrupt on the Croffe, according to the Laws of %omane Crucifixion, or an hair of his head perilh, though obferva- ble in Jewilh cuftomes, to cut the hairs of Malefaftors, Nor in their long co-habitation with ./Egyptians, crept into a cuftomeof their exaft embalming, wherein deeply flafh- ing the mufcles, and taking out the brains II * As that magnifi¬ cent fepul« chraJ Mo¬ nument e- refted by Simon. Mach.1.13 l KcL]dL Lib. 10. - Antiq. 13 Hydriotaphia, braids and entrails, they had broken the fubjeft of fo entire a RefurredHon, nor fully anfwered the types of Enochs Eliah, or Jonah, which yet to prevent or reftore, was of equall facility unto that rifing power, able to break the faf- ciations and bands of death, to get clear out of the Cere-cloth, and an hundred pounds ofoyntment, and out of the Sepulchre before the (tone was rolled from it. But though they embraced not this practice of burning, yet entertained they many ceremonies agreeable unto Greece and Romans obfequies. And he that ob- ferveth their funerall Feafts, their Lar mentations at the grave, their mufick, and weeping mourners^ how they clo? fed the eyes of their friends, how they waChed, anointed, and kiffed the dead; may eafily conclude thefe were not meere Pagan-Civilities. But whether that, mourn full burthen, and treble cal¬ ling out after Abfalont i had any refe¬ rence unto the laft conclamation, and triple valediction, ufed by other Na¬ tions, we hold but a wavering conje- &ure. Civilians Z>rne-B ttriall. Civilians make fepulture but of the Law of Nations, others doe naturally found it and difcover italfoin animals. They that are fo thick skinned as ftill to credit the ftory of the Phoenix , may fay fomething for animall burning: More ferious conjeftures finde fome examples of fepulture in Elephants, Cranes, the Sepulchrall Cells of Pifmires and pra¬ ctice of Bees 5 which civill fociety carrieth out their dead, and hath exequies, if not interrments. CHAP; *4 Hydrictaphia, CHAP. II- f H E Solemnities, Ceremonies, Rites of their Cremation or enterrment. (o folemnly delivered by Authours, we (hall notdifparageour Reader to repeat. On¬ ly the lad and lading part in their Urns, collected bones and Allies, we cannot wholly omit, or decline that Su >je&, which occafion lately prefcnted, in fome difcovered among us, Ina Field of old walftnpham, not ma« hy moneths pad, were digged up be¬ tween fourty and fifty Vrnes, depofited in a dry and fimdy (bile, not a yard deep, nor farre from one another: Not all ftri&ly of one figure, but mod anfwer- ing thefe described : Some containing two pounds of bones, didinguifhable in skulls, ribs, javves, thigh-bones, and teeth, with frefli impreflions of their ^ In one Befides the extraneous fcncmeby lubltances. like peeces of final] boxes* frL7 thy ^J 0 ^«handfomeIy wrought, handles , D r Thomat 01 duall brafle mdruments, brazen nip- Z't nl l yo( pers , V and in one kinde of Wdfin&hm. opale *, Near t Vrne*BHriaU. Neat the fame plot of ground, for a- bout fix yards compafle were digged up coals and incinerated fubftances, which ebegat conje&ure that this was the VJlrind ipr place of burning their bodies,or fome [facrificing place unto the Ma»es 9 which .was properly below the furface of the ground, as the Art and Altars unto the (gods and Heroes above it. That thefe were the Vrnes of Romanet Ifrom the common cuftome and place where they were found, is no obfeure conjecture, not farre from a Romano Garrifon, and but five Miles from Bran* ! ca&er, (et down by ancient Record un¬ der the name of Brannodunum - And ! where the adjoyning Towne, contain' ing feven Parilhes, in no very different found, but Saxon Termination, ftill re¬ gains the Name of Burnham , which being an early ftation, it is not improbable the neighbour parts were filled with habi¬ tations, either of Romanes themfelves, or Brittains Romantfed , which obferved the Romane cuftomes. Nor is it improbable that the Romanes early poffefled this Countreys for though «wre meet not with fueh ftritt particulars of r. 1 ')% ft:)J of theft parts, before the new Inftituti.' on of Con(lantine y and military charge o( the Count of the Sax on (bore, and that about the Saxon fnvalions, the ‘Dalmatia Horfemen were in the Garrilon of Bran- cafler : Yet in the time of Claudius , Ft- fyafiAH) and Severm , we finde no letlt then three Legions difperied through the Province of Britain. And as high as the Reign of Claudia a great overthrow was given unto the Icf>i by the Rom ant Leutt oant ofloritn. Not long after the Countrey was fo molefted, that in hope of a better ffate, Praftaagu* bequeathed his Kingdomeunto Nero and hisDsugh ters 5 and Boadtcea his Queen fought the laft decifive Battle with PanlintJ. Af¬ ter which time and Conqueft of Agrictlt the Lieutenant of Fejpa fan, probable it is they wholly pofieffed this Counrrey, or¬ dering it into Garrifonsor Habitations, beft fuitable with their fecurities. And fo fome Romani Habitations, not impro¬ bable in thefepam, as high as the time of Vi?Jj>a'?an , where the Saxons after fear¬ ed, in whole thin-filfd IV\appes we yet finde the Name of Walfingbam, Now if the Iceot were but gammadims, Anco^ mans. Hydriotaphia , *Urne •Bur i all ,. »«»/, or men that lived in an Angle wedge or Elbow of Brittain^ according to the Originall EtymoJogie, thiscoun- trcy will challenge the Emphaticall ap¬ pellation, as mod properly making the Elbow or Iken of Icenia. That Britain was notably populous is undeniable, from that expreffion of c4mpron Governour thereof, was able to make m n as f* x - r fome refiftance, and after endeavoured to burn the Danijh > Navy. How the Romanes left fo many Coynes inGotintreysof their Conquefts, feems of hard refolution, except we confider* hovv they buried them under ground, when upon barbarous invalions they were fain to defert their habitations in moft part of their Empire, and the flriftnefTe )r their laws forbidding to transfer them o any other ufes j Wherein the d Spartans d Plut. fo , were lingular, who to make their Copper Honey ufelefle, contempered it with vi- C 2 nfigar, 20 Hydriotapbia , negar. That the Brittain left any,fame wonder 3 fince their money was iron, and Iron rings before C rhiritet in And beyond the content of Urnes, in Amfl. the Monument of Cbild with fmall Tinfeli parcels; uncer- ctmtftdvn «* tain whether from the earth, or the firfi mixture in them. Among thefe Urnes we could obtair no good account of their coverings; On* ly one Teemed arched over with fome kinde of brickwork. Of thofe found at "Buxton fome were covered with flints, foroe in other parts with tiles, thofe at Yarmouth Cafter, were clofed with Rom uni bricks. And fome have proper earthen covers adapted and fitted to them. But in the HomericafiWme of Patroclue , what¬ ever was the folid Tegument, we finde the immediate covering to be a purple peece of filk .* And fuch as had no co- peece Hydriotaphia , Urne Bur iall. i Vers might have the earth clofeJy prefled into them, after which difpofure were probably fome of thefe, wherein we f found the bones and allies halfmortered i tintothe fand and fides of the Urne 5 and li fome long roots of Quich, or Dogs-grafs £ wreathed about the bones, t No Lamps, included Liqubrs,Lachry- t matories, or Tear-bottles attended thefe [ rurall Urnes, either as facred unto the * Manet, or pafiionateexpreflionsof their 0 furviving friends. While with rich 3 flames, and hired tears they folemnized their Oblcquies, and in the mcft lament- it ed Monuments made one part of their ( Infcriptions e . Some fin'de fepulchrall *Cumii i Veflels containing liquors, which time ( hath incraflated into gellies. For befide ii thefe Lachrymatories, notable Lamps, i with Veflels of Oyles and Aromaticall ■ Liquors attended ooble Ofluaries. And fome yet retaining a * Vinofity and ; lpifit in them, which if any have tafted they have farre exceeded the Palats of Antiquity.Ltquors not to be computed by years of annuall Magiftrates, but by great conjunctions and the Fatal! periods D Of King- / '*S 7 f About five hundred years. Plato. 5 Vinum 0- pimir.ianrm annorum centum . Petrom h 1 2 r Tabul, 1.x i.de Ju¬ re facro . A r cvf aurum addiWj aft quoi euro denies i in- Ih e\ unt , im cum illo fep elite fy #-*w, Je fraude efto* 1 Pli r.J.xvi. Jmei £i/a& aguth nu m tnerai 7heo~ fhrajlus . k Sm iiti- Hydriotapbiity Kingdomes f , The draughts of Confu- lary date, were but crude unto thele, and Opitman § Wine but in the mutt unto them. In fundry Graves and Sepulchres, we meet with? Rings, Coynes, and Chali¬ ces; Ancient frugality was fo fevere, that they allowed no gold to attend the Corps, but only that which ferved to fatten their teeth Whether the Opa¬ line ttoneinthis Urne were burnt upon the finger of the dead, or caft into the fire by fbme affe&ionate friend, it will confiftvvith either cuftome* But other ircinerable fubftances were found lo frefhjthat they could feel no findge from fire. Thele upon view were judged to be wood, but finking in water and tried by the fire, we found them to be bone or Ivory. In their hardnefle and yel¬ low colour they moft refembled Box, which inoldexpreffions found the Epi- thete ' of Eternall, and perhaps in fuch confervatories might have patted uncor¬ rupted. That Bay-leaves were found green in the Tomb of S. Humbert k , after an hun¬ dred and fifty years 3 was looked upon as *Vrne‘BurUU. as miraculous. Remarkable it was unto old Spe&arors, that rheCypreffeof the Temple of Diana, , laded fo many hundred . years: The wood of the Ark and Olive Rod of Aaron were older at theCapti- i ™y- But *^e Cypreffe of the Ark of Noah } was the greateft vegerable Anti- quity, if Jo/ephtfj were not deceived, by • fome fragments of it in his dayes. To omit the Moore-Iogs, aid Firre-trees found under-ground in many parts ,of • England ; the undated ruines of windes, f “ouds or earthquakes; and which in Flanders ftill fhew from what quarter , ™ e y as generally lying in a North- Eaft pofition J . But though we found nit thefe peeces to be Wood, according to firft appre- henhon, yet we milled not altogether of fome woody fubftance jFor the bones were not fo clearly pickt, but (ome coals were found amongft them 5 A way to 'make wood perpetual!, and a fit aflo- ciat -or metal 1, whereon was laid the foundation of the great Spbejiqn Temple, and which were made the Iafting ,tpfts 9 f Boundaries and Landmarks; WniJeft we look on thefe, we admire D 5 nos 33 ^ c . A-’, ' \ > . ' n At Elms ham „ Hydriot aphid , not Obfervations of Coals found frefh, -of Berin- after four hundred years" 1 . In along gucctontiu deferred habitation" , even Egge-meis fyro '“ b - n ’‘ have been found frefh, not tending to corruption/^ . , In the Monument of Ring Childenc{ s the Iron Reliques were found all rufty and crumbling into peecees, But out little Iron pins which fattened the Ivon works, held well together, and loft not their Magneticall quality, though want¬ ing a tenacious moifturc for the nrmei union of parts, although it be hardly drawn into fufion, yet that metall loot fubmitteth unto reft and diflolution. In the brazen peeces we admired not the duration but the freedome from vm and ill favour; upon the harde ft attriti¬ on, but now expofed unto the piercioy Atomes of ayre, in the fpaceof a fe# moneths, they begin to fpot and betray their green entrals. We conceive no! thefe Urnes to have defcended thus naked as they appear, or to have entred theii graves without the old habit of flowers The lime of Philop&men was lo laden with flowers and ribbons, that it afford edno it felf. The rigid Lpiti- *Vrne-BnrialL £«/allowed Olive and Myrtle, The A- thenuns might fairly except againft the pra&ifeof Democritus to be buried up in honey j as fearing to embezzle a great commodity of their Gountrey, and the beftofthat kinde in Europe. But Plata feemed too frugally politick, who al¬ lowed no larger Monument then would contain for Heroick Verfes, and defign- ed the moft barren ground for fepulture : Though we cannot commend the good- nefleof that fepulchrall ground, which was fet at no higher rate then the mean falary of Ju'l.as. Though the earth had confounded the allies ofthele OfTh- aries, yet the bones were fo fmartly burnt, that fome thin plates of brafie were found half melted among them .* whereby we apprehend they were not of the meaneft carcafies, perfunttorily fi¬ red as fometimesin military, and Com¬ monly in peftilence, burnings j or after the manner of abjeft corps, hudled forth and careltfly burnt, without the *Suct Ap „ . I: was plaied e before them. Old confide- |fl barbaious ■i paftime atFeafts, when men flood upon a rolling Globe, with their | necks in a Rope, and a knife in their hands, ready to cut it when the ill ftone was rolled away, wherein if they failed,, they loft their lives to the laughter of their fpetf ators At hen ms. 5 rations made few memento's by Iculs and ir bones upon their monuments. In the m^Egyptian Obelisks and Hieroglyphicall in figures, it is noteafie to meet with bones. eThe fepulchrall Lamps fpcak nothing i Jefie then fepuhure 5 and in their literall t draughts prove often obfeene and antick 1 peeces: Where we finde DM. f it is ob- f r „ • £ vious to meet with facrificing patera s, fiw, > and vefiels of libation, upon old fepul¬ chrall Monuments. In the Jewiflb Hy- pog i who had rathe fight of the Vas VQrinum , or veflell fjvvherein they burnt the dead, found in ex Mania. HiheEfquiline Field at might have V- Erat olifforded clearer folution. But their in- )natisf:ftion herein begat that remarkable invention in the Funerall Pyres of fome Princes, by incombuftible Iheets made combureren - rlwitha texture of Asheftos , incremable tMU Cap rfe flax, or Salamanders wool, which quilfna^' sprelerved their bones and allies c incom- CTo t mixed. # How the bulk of a man fliould link coiiditu eintofo few pounds of bones and alhes, T”™ tmay feem ftrange unto any who conli- [dersnot itsconftitution, and howflen- :< 3 er a made will remain upon an open tand urgtng fire of thecarnall compofiti- *Otd bone; according to Lyftrvs , Tbofe of young pcrfons not tab nor fat according tq^Cofumbus b Tn \nta. Grace. c Thucydidct. d Laurent, Valla. € ‘EkclJq/a* i %v%*. Hydriot aphid 9 on. Even bones thetnfelves reduced in to allies, do abate a notable proportion. And confifting much of a volatile fait, when that is fired out, make a light kind of cinders. Although tfeir bulkbedif- proportionable to their weight, when the heavy principle of Salt is fired out, and the Earth almofl: only remaineth; Obfervable in fallow, which makes more Afhes then Oake9 and difeovers the com¬ mon fraud of felling Aflies bymeafure, and not by ponderation. Some bones make beffc Skeletons a > fome bodies quick and fpeedieft afbes: Who would expeft a quick flame from Hydropicall Heraclitus ? The poyfoned Souldier when his Belly brake, put out two pyres in Plutarch k. But in the plague of Athens c s one private pyre lerved two or three Intruders 9 and the Sara¬ cens burnt in large heaps, by the King ofCafttle d , (hewed how little Fuell fuf* ficetb. Though the Funerall pyre of Vatroclus took up an hundred foot e , 1 peece of an old boat burnt Pompey, And if the burthen of ifaac were fufficient for an holocauflj a man may carry his ownc f* From 45 Zlrne-Bitriall* From animals are drawn good buttl¬ ing lights, and good medicines ! againft burning 5 Though the feminall humour feetrsof a contrary nature to fire, yet the body compleated proves a combu- ftible lump, wherein fire Andes flame even from bones, andfometuell almoft from all parts. Though the § Metropo¬ lis of humidity Teems leaft difpofed unto it, which might render the fculls of thefe limes lefle burned then other bones. But all flies or finks before fire almoft in all bodies: When the com¬ mon ligament is diflolved, the attenua- ble parts afeerd, the reft fubfideincoal, calx or allies. To burn the bones of the King of d £- cLow for Ly me, feems no irrational 1 fe¬ rity^ But to drink of the alhes of dead relations % a paflionate prodigality. He that hath the afbes of his friend, hath an everlafting treafure : where fire taketh leave, corruption flowly enters ; In bones well burnt, fire makes a wall a- gainft it felf \ experimented in copels, and teft3 of metals, which confift of luch ingredients. What the Sun compound- eth, fire analyfetb, not tranfmuteth. 9 That f Spi ran. AlbfiwU sThc brain, Hi^ocraus^ ? Antes 2.*. c As Arte* mi ft a of her Hus' bard M&ti foluj * *' Siflt v'u- tor. Hydriotapbia , That devouring agent leaves almoft all- wayes a morfell for the Earth, whereof all things are but a colonie; and which, if time permits, the mother Elemeof will have in their primitive mafle a- gain. He that looks for tlrnes and old fepul- chrall reliques, muft not fieekthem in the ruines of Temples: where no Reli¬ gion anciently placed them. Thefe were round in a Field, according to ancient cultome, in noble or private burial]; the old praftife of the Camanita, the f amily of Abraham , and the buryinr p ace ofjajua, in the borders of his pol- lellions ; and alio agreeable unto Romm praftice to bury by high-wayes, where¬ by their Monuments were under eye: Memorials of themfelves, and memento’, mor [ aIl i y . Int ° Ji ving palXengers; whom the Epitaphs of great ones were fam to beg to Ray and look upon them. A language though fometimes ufed, not o proper in Church-rnfcriptions«. The fenfible Rhetor,ck of the dead, toexem- plarity of good life, firft admitted the oneso pious men, and Martyrs within Church'wals; wh »ch in feeding ages crept Z>rne-Bnriall. :rept into protnilcuous praciife. While izonflantine was peculiarly favoured to be Admitted unto the Church Porchjand the thus buried in England was in the fed ayes of Cutbred. $ Chriftians difpute how their bodies Km ^ j Tiould lye in the grave. In urnall en- JuntT " ftferrment they clearly efcaped this Con- et:roverfie .* Though we decline the Re¬ ligious confide?ation, yet in cemiteriall Kind narrower burying places, to avoid cconnr.on and crofle pofition, a certain iak)fture were to be admitted. Which e- , Kn Pagan civility obferved, The Perfi- tpjlay North and South, The Me gar i- s| tm and Pbznieiant placed their heads Into the Eaft: 7 he nAihenians^ Ibme think, towards the Weft , which Chriftians (ftill retain. An dBedi will have it to be the pofture of our Saviour. Tfaache gfwas crucified with his face towards the pWeft, we will not contend with tradition jjand probable account; But we applaud ^otthe hand of the Painter, in exalting jhis Crofle lo high above thole on cither Jide 5 fince hereof we finde no autben- -rick account fn hiftory, and even the .crofles found by Helena pretend no fuch if diftin- s lion. To be knav d out of our graves, to have our (culs made drinking-bowls,and our bones turned into Pipes, to delight and fport our Enemies, are Tragiqall a- bominations, elcaped in burning Bu¬ rials, Urnall enterrments, and burnt Re- liques lye not in fear of worms, or to be an heritage for Serpents; In carnall ft pulture, corruptions feem peculiar unto parts, and fome fpeak of fnakes out o: the fpinall marrow. But while we fup pofe common wormes in graves, us nr eafie to fiude any there 5 ,fe w in Church yards above a foot deep, fewer or now in Churches, though in frefh decayed bodies. Teeth, bones, and hair, give the moft lafting defiance to corruption In au Hydropicall body ten years bn- tied in a Church-yard, we met with a fat concretion, where the nitre of the Earth, and the fait and lixiviods liquor of the body, had coagulated large lump of fat, into the confidence of the hard- eft caftle-foap 5 whereof part remaineit with us. After a battle with the Fth ■ ffiki *Urne-BurUU. 4^ • ft&m the Roman Corps decayed in few, dayes, while the Perjim bodies remain* w ed dry and uncorrupted. Bodies in the ^ fame ground do not uniformly diflolve, & hor bones equally moulder 5 whereof ia. in the opprobrious difeafe we exped no g long duration* The body of the Mar- quelle of Dorfet feemed found and hand- ® fomely cereclothcd, that after feventy "Of Thmai Tt eight years was found uncoirupted c * all Common Tombs preferve not beyond whole ;-o- 'c powder: A firmer confiftence and com- Juried" 8 « page of parts might be expe&ed from A- i^o. was el refadfion, deep buriall or charcoal. The ^° t 3 h “ ? tisgreateft Antiquities of mortall bodies cutring o- h may remain in putrified bones, where- pen 01 the in of, though we take not in the pillar of ec Lots wife, orMetamorphofis of Orteli- fed and t, us d , fome may be older then Pyramids, "^nipfed tf in the putrified Reliques of the genera! 1 the flefh * iii inundation. When Alexander opened "® n t e h d ar ' l)u[ w the Tom b of Cyrus ^ the remaining bones colour^ d difeovered his proportion, whereofur- proporti- ;1( nail fragments afford but a bad conje- li diure, and have this difadvantage of like an ,[ ordinary » corps newly to be interred. Burtons defcript.of Leiceflcrfbirc . * In hi? 1 Afap of Rujjia* grave E Hydriotapbia , grave cnterrments, that they leave us ig¬ norant of moft perfonall difcoveries, For fince bones afford not only re&i- tude and (lability, but figure unto the body; It is no impoffible Phyfiog- nomy to conjefrure at flefhy appen- dencies; and after what fbape the mufcles and carnous parts might hang in their full confidences. A full fpread Canola (hews a wcll-fhaped horfe be- hinde, handfome formed fculfs, give fome analogic of flefhy refemblance. A criticall view of bones makes a good diftinttion of fexes. Even colour is not beyond conjecture 5 fince it is hard to be deceived in the diftin&ion of 2 (e- * Th e p oe t i ro s fculls. . e Dantes Chara&ers are Dante in his to be found in fculls as well as faces. Purgatory, Hercules is not onely known by his foot, found glut- Other parts make out their compro- tuea re° P° rt * ons s and inferences upon whole or and exte- P arts * And fince the dimenfions of the nuated,that head meafure the whole body, and the fee concei- J have a e u' m the j 5ie « co [ and that it waseafic ° r u!" athei , r faccs; M bein g made by thei SS' :, f “VJ^c ,r cheeks^rching over the Eye brows to the nofe, and aZulr^t yeS mak ! n S ° ?. which makes up Onto. Farean I'occhm mtfamitom *****' mMn ' Ugg * huomBtn ' hiUria figure Vrnt-BmUU. Hi C ’ figure thereof gives conje&ure of the principal! faculties; Phyfiognomyout* lives our felves, and ends not in graves. Severe contemplators obferving thefe lafting reliques, may think them good monuments of perfons paft, little advan¬ tage to future beings. And considering that power which fubdueth all things un¬ to it /elf that can refume the/cattered Atomes, or identiSe out of any things conceive it fuperliuous to expedt a re- furredbon out of Reliques. But the foul fub/ifting, other matter clothed with due accidents, may falve the individuality; Yet the Saints we obferve arofe from graves and monuments, about the holy City. Some think the ancient Patriarchs fo earneftly defired to lay their bones in Caman r as hoping to make a part of that Refurredrpp, and though thirty miles from Mount Calvary, at leaft to lie in that Region,which fhould produce the fir/t-fruits of the dead. And if accord¬ ing to learned conjefture, the bodies of men /hall rile where their greateft Re¬ liques remain, many are not liketoerre in the Topography of their Refurredti- E 2' on " Ift I/St s 'r r„.'T ■■ T J . \ Hydriotaphia, on, though their bones or bodies be after tranflated by Angels into the field of £- %echiels vifion,or as fome will order it, in¬ to the Valley of Judgement, or Jehof^ phat. CHAP. e Vrne-BuriaU+ CHAP. IV. C Hriftians have bandfomely glofled the deformity of death, by careful conlideration of the body, and civil rites which take of brutall terminations. And though they conceived all reparable by a refurre&ion, caft not off all care of enterrment. And fince the afhes of Sacrifices burnt upon the Altar of God, were carefully carried out by the Priefts, and depofed in a clean fieldj fince they acknowledged their bodies to be the lod¬ ging of Chrift, and temples of the holy Ghoft, they devolved not all upon the fufficiency of foul exiftence ? and there¬ fore with long fervices and full folemni- ties concluded their laft Exequies , wherein a to all diftinftions the Greek t devotion feems mod pathetically cere- Gracum < monious. ptraJ.Qear Chriftian invention hath chiefly dri- "xffuiamm. ven at Rites, which fpeak hopes of an- E 3 other 1 Rituah 3 $ Hydriot aphid^ other life, and hints of a Refurre&ioq. A nd if the ancient Gentiles held not the immortality of their better part, and fome fubfiftence after death 5 in feverall rites, cuftomes, a&ions and expreflions, they contraditted their own opinions: wherein Democritus went high, even to the thought of a refurte&ion b , as lcof- ^Simiijs fingly recorded by Pliny. What can be I'omijfaZe'- more exprcffe than the expreffion of mocrito mm- pbocyllides c .«* Or who would expert mn’uvixit f rotn Lucretius d afentenceof Scclejiaftes} ipfe . Qum. Before Plato could fpeak, the foul had Himtnt'if* w,n 8 s ’ n Homer ^ which fell not, but flew e 8 ; iitwi out of the body into the manfions of the vitam mor- dead 3 who alfoobferved that handfome c/55.' diftin&ion of‘Demos and Soma^ for the *K*i body conjoyned to the foul and body ^ e P arate< ^ from it. Lucian fpoke much truth in jeft, when he faid, that part of Hercules which proceeded from Alchme- yj^hl'v. na P e rifhed, that from Jupiter remained fadeinccps] immortal!. Thus c Socrates was coti- r(, , rf > df m rent that his friends fhould bury his bo- terra quod dy, fo they would not think they buri- 1 fuit ante J Irittrrm, &c, Lucrer. * Plato in Pbitd. ed 55 ZJrne BuriaU. | ed Socrates , and regarding only his im- ti mortall part, was indifferent to be burnt i or buried. From fuch Confiderations fen Diogenes might contemn Sepulture. And [dbeing fatisfied that the foul could ioc not perifh, grow careleffe of corporall ; 0 enterrment.The Strides who thought the fofouls of wife men had their habitation a- u bout the moon ^might make flight account a (Of fubterraneous depofitions whereas the pPythagorians and tranfeorporating Phi- ^lofophers, who were to be often buri- f^ed, held great care of their enterrtnent. ^And the Platonicks rejected not a due f t |care of the grave, though they put their yaffles to unreafonable expectations, in n their tedious term of return and long fet ^revolution. m Men have loft their realon in nothing mlo much as their*religion, wherein ftones | ( and clouts make Martyrs 5 and fince tjie .religionof onefeems madnefieuntoan- ff other, to afford an account or rationall ,ju of old Rites, requires no rigid Reader 5 That they kindled the pyre averfly, or turning their face from it, was an handfome Symbole of unwilling-mini-? ftration ; That they waftied theiT bones E 4 with Uydriotaphia , nos te ordi - quo natura fertnittet JefAcmur, with wine and milk, that the mother wrapt them in Linnen, and dryed them in her bofome, the firft foftering part, and place of their nourifhment; That they opened their eyes towards heaven, before they kindled the fire, as the place of their hopes or original!, were no im¬ proper Ceremonies. Their laft vale- spate, valt, di&ion f thrice uttered by the attendants was alfo very folemn, and fomewhat an* fwered by Chriftians, who thought it too little, if they threw not the earth thrice upon the enterred body. That in ftrewing their Tombs the Romans af- fe&ed the R,ofe, the Greeks Amaranthu and myrtle; that the Funerall pyre con¬ fided of fweet fuell, Cyprefle, Firre, Larix, Yewe, and Trees perpetually verdant, lay filent expreflions of theit furviving hopes : Wherein Chriftians which deck their Coffins with Bays have found a more elegant Embleme. For that he Teeming dead, will reftoreitfelf from the root, and its dry and exuccous' leaves refume their verdure again 5 which if we miftake not, we have alfo obferved in fures. Whether the planting of yewe in Churchyards, hold not its original! from e Vrnc-Buriall. from ancient Funerall rites, or as an Em- bleme of Refurredion from its perpe¬ tual verdure, may alfo admit conje- dure, They made ufe of Mufick to excite or quiet the affedions of their friends, ac¬ cording to different harmonies. But the fecret and fymbolicall hint was the har- monical nature of the foul $ which de¬ livered from the body, went again to enjoy the'primitive harmony of heaven, from whence it firft defcended; which aceoJding to its progreffe traced by anti¬ quity, came down by Cancer, and amend¬ ed by Cafricormu t They burnt not children before their teeth appeared, as apprehending their bodies too tender a morfell for fire, and that their griftly bones would fcarce leave feparable reliques after the py- rall combuftion, That they kindled not fire in their houfes forfomedayes after, wasaftrid memoriall of the late afflict¬ ing fire. And mourning without hope, they had an happy fraud againft excef- five lamentation, by a common opinion that deep forrows difturbed their 1 fu mm> ghofts 3 . rtlidt That X h Ruflia* «/, &c. Hydriotaphta, That they buried their dead on their backs, or in a fupine pofition, feems a- greeable unto profound fleep, and com¬ mon pofture of dyings contrary to the moftnaturall way of birth; Nor unlike our pendulous pofture, in the doubtfull ftate of the womb. Diogenes was An¬ gular, who preferred a prone fituatioa in the grave, and fome Chriftians h like neither, who decline the figure of reft, and make choice of an ereft po¬ fture. That they carried them out of the world with their feet forward, not in- confonant unto reafon : As contrary un¬ to the native pofture of man, and his produ&ion firft into it. And alfo a- greeable unto their opinions, while they bid adieu unto the world, not to look again upon it; whereas Mahometans who think to return to a delightfull life again, are carried forth with their heads for¬ ward , and looking toward their houfes. They doled their eyes as parts which firft die or firft difeover the fad effefts of death. But their iterated clamations to excitate their dying or dead friends, or ‘Vrne-RnriaE. W *Sr revoke them unto life againj was a Vanity of affe&ion 5 as not presumably 1 gnorant of the critical! teds of death, °by apportion of feathers, glades, and Reflexion of figures, which dead eyes re- I Srefent not; which however not ftrift- 1: y verifiable in frdh and warm cadavers , 13l :ouId hardly elude the ted, in corps of , r our or five dayes. II That they fuck’d in the lad breath of f:hcir expiring friends, was furely a pra- dice of no medicall inftitution, but a ™oofe opinion that the foul paded out u ihat way, and a fondneffe of affe&ion 'from fome * PythagoricaH foundation, | that the fpirit of one body paded into ^another 5 which they wilhed might be ^heir own* k That they powred oyle upon the pyre, %as a tolerable pra&ife, while the inten¬ sion reded in facilitating the accenfion , ! But to place good Omens in the quick and Speedy burning, to facrifice unto the windes for a difpatch in this office,was a I* low form offuperdition. The Archimime or Jetfer attending She Funerall train, and imitating the Speeches, gefture, and manners of the e: * " de- 59 * Franecfct Perucei. Pompe fn+ ntbru Hydriotaphidy deceafed, was too light for fuch folcm- nities , contradicting their Funerall Orations, and dolefull rites of the grave. That they buried a peece of money with them as a Fee of the Elyjian Ferri- wan , was a praCtifc full of folly. Bui the ancient cuftome of placing coynes in confiderable Urnes, and the prefent praCtife of burying medals in the Noble Foundations of Europe , are laudable wayes of hiftoricall difcoveries, in acti¬ ons, perfons, Chronologies *, and po- fterity will applaud them. We examine not the old Laws of Se¬ pulture, exempting certain perfons from burial 1 or burning. But hereby we ap¬ prehend that thcfe were not the bones of perfons Planet-ftruck or burnt with fire from Heaven: No Reliques of Trai¬ tors to their Countrey, Self-killers, or Sacrilegious Malefactors; Perfons in old a pprehenfion unworthy of the earth condemned unto the Tartara’s of Hell, and bottomleffe pit off 7 *f o,from whence there was no redemption. Nor were only manycuftomes que- flionable in order to their Obfequies, but alfo ZJrtte-Bwriatt. Hlfo fundry pra&ifes, fi&ions, and con¬ ceptions, discordant or obfcure, of their late and future beings; whether unto -ight or ten bodies of men to adde one Sf a woman, as being more inflamma¬ ble, and unftuoufly conftituted for the setter pyrall combuftion, were any ra- M f;ionall pra&ife: Or whether th^ com¬ plaint of Perianders Wife be tolerable, bhat wanting her Funerall burning (he ^fuffered intolerable cold in Hell, accor¬ ding to the conftitution of the infernall fooufe of Plato , wherein cold makes a great part of their tortures; it cannot 3 pafle without fome queftion. ift Why the Female Ghofts appear untp before the Heroes and malculine Spirits > Why the Pfyche or foul of Tt- Wefias is of themafculine gender; who I being blinde on earth fees more then s all the reft in hell; Why the Funerall us Suppers confifted of Eggesj Beans } Smal- • lage, and Lettuce, fince the dead are ft made to eat Afyboicls about the Elyziatt if* medows ? Why fince there is no Sacri¬ fice acceptable,nor any propitiation for f the Covenant of the grave; men fet up : the Deity of CMorta, and fruitlefly ado- i red tiydriotapbh^ red Divinities without ears ? it canno! efcape fome doubt. The dead feehi all alive in the bu- mane Hades of timer % yet cannot well fpeakj prophefie,or know the living, ex- cept they drink bloud, wherein is the life of man. And therefore the foufeof VencUpes Paramours conduced by Mth eury chirped like bats, and thofe whicl followed Hercules made a noife but like a flock of birds. The departed fpirits know things pad and to come, yet are ignorant of thing! prefen t, Agamemnon foretels what fliould happen unto Vljjfes , yet ignorantly en¬ quires what is become of his own Sod, TheGhofts are afraid of fwords inft- fner, yet Sybi&a tels JEneas in Virgil^ the thin habit of fpirits was beyond the force of weapons. The fpirits put off their malice with their bodies, and Cgfar and Tevspey accord in Latine Hell, yet Ajax in Homer endures not a conference with Vlyffes : And Deiphobus appears all man¬ gled in Virgils Ghofts, yet we meet with perfeft fhadows among the wounded ghofts of Homer, Since Charon in Lucian applauds his ^ condi' *Vrne-Burial !. Ijcondition among the dead, whether it be handlbmely laid of Achilles , that li- foving contemner of death, that he had lffi rather be a Plowmans fervant then Em- ij:perour of the dead ? How Hercules his 3 jjfoul is in hell, and yet in heaven, and [$fulitfs his foul in a Starre, yet feen by y&neas in hell, except the Ghofts were , 8 but Images andlhadows of the foul, re¬ ceived in higher manlions, according to the ancient divifion of body, foul, and r^mage or fimulachrum of them both. The particulars of future beings muft needs dark unto ancient Theories, which Ghriftian Philofophy yet determines but 5 in a Cloud of opinions. A Dialogue be¬ tween two Infants in the womb concer¬ ning the ftate of this world, might hand¬ somely illuftrate our ignorance of the l pext, whereof methinks we yet difeourfe j r in Vlatoes denne, and are but Embryon , Philofophers. I, Pythagoras t (capes in the fabulous hell Dante a , among that fwarm of Philo- 1 Delinfer- j/ophers, wherein whileft we meet with " 0,cutt - 4 ' pj Plato and Socrates , Cato is to be found in no lower place then Purgatory. Among [.all the fet, £/w»r#/ismoft confiderable, whom ''*S V Hydriotaphia , whom men make honeft without an Ely %ium, who contemned life without en¬ couragement of immortality,and making nothing after death, yet made nothing ol the King of terrours. Were the happinefle of the next world asclofely apprehended as the felicities o: this, it were a martyrdome to live; and untofuch asconfider none hereafter, i: muft be more then death to dye, whicl makes us'amazed at thofe audacities, ths! durft be nothing, and return into theii Chaos again. Certainly fuch fpirits ai could contemn death, when they ex¬ pected no better being after, would hair fcorned to live had they known any. And therefore we applaud not the judg¬ ment of Machiavd, that Chriftiaoity makes men cowards, or that with th( confidence of but half dying, the defpi fed virtues of patience and humility have abafed the fpirits of men, whicl Pagan principles exalted, but rather re gulated the wildenefle of audacities, i the attempts, grounds, and eternallfe quels of death 5 wherein men of th boldeft fpirits are often prodigioufly t( snerarious* Nor can we extenuate th valoc ‘Vrne'BuriaU* ; i valour of ancient Martyrs, who con- '« temned death in the uncomfortable fcece b of their lives, and in their decrepit i Martyrdomes did probably lofe not ma¬ ny moneths of their dayes, or parted tti with life when it wasfcarce worth the tt living. For ( befide that long time paft K; holds no confederation unto a {lender ife time to come) they had no fmali dif- , t advantage from the conftitution of old ies, age, which naturally makes men fear- j i full 5 And complexionally fuperannua- ated from the bold and couragious iej thoughts of youth and fervent years, ild But the contempt of death from corpo- )ii rail animofity, promoteth not our fe- ie j licity, They may fet in the Orche- \ffira, and nobleft Seats of Heaven , who have held up (baking hands ih the u|. fire, and humanely contended for am gl°ry* , Mean while Epic urns lyes ceep m ^ Dantes hell, wherein we meet with ,j c Tombs enclofing fouls which denied 1 their immortalities. But whether the ji virtuous heathen, whohved better then | he fpake, or erring in the principles of 66 Hydriotaphia , himfelf, yet lived above Philofophets of more fpecious Maximes, lye fo deep as be is pi iced j at leaft lo low as not to rife againft Chriftians, who belee- ving or knowing that truth, have laft- ingly denied it in their pradife and convention, were a quaery too fad to in¬ fill on. But all or mod apprehenfions reli¬ ed in Opinions of fome future be¬ ing, which ignorantly or coldly be- leeved, begat thofe perverted concep- tions. Ceremonies, Sayings, which Chriftians pity or laugh at. Happ are they, which live not in that difad vantage of time, when men couli lay little for futurity, hut from rea fon. Whereby the nobleft minde fell often upon doubtfull deaths and melancholly Diflolutions j Witl thefe hopes Socrates warmed his doubt full fpints , againft that cold potion and Cato before he durft give the fa tall ftroak fpent part of the night ii reading the immortality of pW there by confirming his wavering hand untc the ammofity of that attempt. VmBntUU. foo , ** fa Vie ft ftone that melao* as choly can throw at a man, to tell him I* ne is at the; end of his nature; or that there is no further ftate to come, un* f e to which this leemes progreftionall, jtc and othcrwi(e made in vainej With- out this accompliihment the natural! i „ expectation and deftre of fuch a ftate e ^ j fe _ hut a fallacy in nature, unfatis- jri »ed Gonhderators; would quarrel! the uc( J^ ticC or their conftifutions, and reft itt co l nten t that Adam had fallen lower, [at thereby by knowing no other Origi- i naU, and deeper ignorance of them-' Cdi cIvc ?> * he y mi ? ht ha ve enjoyed the’ s happinelle of inferionr Creatures; i,*." tranquility poiTeffe their Con- ^ ftttuttons, as having not the appre- V * j 10 , 11 to deplore their own natures. And being framed below the circum¬ ference of thefe hopes, or cognition ; of better being, the wifedom of God jji p at h necemtated their Contentment : , Eut the fuperionr ingredient and ob- feured part of our felves , whereto aU P«fent felicities afford no refting contentment, will be able at laft to F * tell Hydriot aphid) tell us we are more theu our prefect felves * and evacuate fuch hopes in the fruition of their own accomplilh- ments. €H AP. *Vrne-BuriaU. CHAP, V, N Ow fiace theft dead bones have already out-lafted the living ones of Methufelth , and in a yard under ground, and thin walls of clay, out-worn all the ftrong and fpecious buildings above it * and quietly relied under the drums and tramplings of three conquefts; What Prince can promift luch diuturnity un¬ to his Reliques, or might not g!ad- ly fa y, * Sic ego componi verfus in off'll velint. Time which antiquates Antiquities, and hath an art to make duft of all things, hath yet fpared thefe minor Monuments. In vain we hope to be known by o- pen and vifible confervatories, when to be unknown was the means of their con¬ tinuation and obfturity their proteftion : If they dyed by violent hands, and were tbrufl: into their llrnes, theft bonesfbe- come confiderable, and fome old Phi- lofophers would honour a them, whole F 3 fouls * T ibul- lus m a Oracula Chaldaica cum fcholiis Tfclii 6 * }'ht\honis f B hi hl 7 T 0 V m 'lav (riofjLa, A>vycu r%tpcJ 7 i\cu> Vi corpus relirqnen - tium anims furiflim *. 7P * In the ffalme of Mofes. rAccord- ing to the ancient A- rithmetick of the hand wherein the little finger of the right hand Con- trafted,fig* nified an hundred* Pkrius in &i