MCGILL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY The half-erased,pencilled words above are:- "Tunstall, Farmaduke 17^5 ~ 17?0» F.R.S., F.S.A. etc. Original manuscript notes and additions to the Zoological Works of Thomas Pennant. With 16 (Actually 25 figures} watercolored drawings of Birds. 4 volumes. 25«" • G.A.W* untMli ; qA' , mu. m, clow at. CommjL M CmuuU- ^mn*aH 4 j~~ }(£ujl 'eg/m* 4 muliuiu u S'?? ch dm^iL Jecmi dm slk Sauds Ha- jsftU h S'audo ‘Am \MC Ufa) iUcdj'far 9nday Qutfauj fa Hid ui $cU-j'U L (^iihut>K AfJfdtMuiOo, (Jo t/l Jh GrUUtUi/j) tfl JhXj . 0 W- ffi/ hitd- uu hir-diwJ' AmHtuuC, |W KettetUU Ut /2/^U U t tiiU^ u^ u Jltftt, in tie imlv'tr, &*- mudhuM, uo *0white, dtuiu^ /i/SS^&aty. nhyi mK im J9i& towcj&L ckdM&. ^T50dSlimi&rmaM, ; J He haudmt 9rw*M ttawi Jutim ck (Lit*, Ufa lit, Mu- A OuArftfajU imlrmi A Odd** <, ft. r 0jru JU Ufa m. 4 Bac ddfo*. A Aim. $uum eh i/tmU fio d,*H- *fe#£ ^i' h Un ) Ok CfUtfaJfa fofc (f K^^ J t rCU O lL L ..~.. tL JCb\ma+ ^' 'uiitdi ■'^■/W^ “HMeutdlr- x,\to \ A. jD n j WUk Jit yid- hPMto k{fuuci Aal- Mwtiu', u ^cksUaM^: m ucirn^ ^^^ 5 — Uj( &<£»£, l53Sfc kK*^K%M UU*k.dM t Me f if /k hah due, # Tk. phh foil new, HfWtnc OhtdtaMo. JU- J ^ Ufa.JL (aUt/ 1.'.... (jfb^QjiTZtiXUiailU 'dt/ob&t m lit oLUmcL <&>l aL ■>> utu- f (^OlL \jiA W t UurfttlL V t i / * \ a/n7 ti ~ i Ci 1 i r d 3 J - mtl dui CimuuujcL’ lit %cuno \ . kfAu, he* Hem yvtvw' \SW\s y » M/ | v \ it , f\ 1 . » / , fldk CluMu, %tUaticu,Q, Jum iu two* Made $omi; jW £& u «/UW &Mrtio, dfi iriTiH^r lU 9l Hutu, )> jk /k#a» pi Hi SmMio. Ikhmt — ^udfritAmb; U m ml iWcu* tout 1 UJ-* fruitful JW*C~ fu Battle MheuRM, LJjt Inu&L n (iUnvcuuL '^Jmdtn- OJS&C). Ulf^s-b. tugwell] BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY 591 for the author, and published by T. Cadell and | W. Davies, Strand. | 1809. Collation—1 vol. 4to, pp. lxxxviii and vii. plates. Only two parts of this incomplete work were published. The introduction was not even finished. From the advertisement it would appear to have been published with coloured and un¬ coloured plates. 1823. List of some rare Land-Birds which have been discovered in the neighbourhood of Ashburton. [In Bev. J. P. Jones’s Guide to the Scenery in the neighbourhood of Ashburton , Devon.] Exeter : 1823. 8vo. Not seen. (Contains a list of 43 species.) Tucker (Robert and Charles), ca. 1826 These gentlemen were sons of Dr. A. G. C. Tucker (vide supra), but we are unaware that they did anything more in natural history than is comprehended in their assistance with the undernoted book. 1826. Lists of Birds and Insects of Dartmoor. [In Carrington’s Dartmoor : a Descriptive Poem.] London : 1826. Collation—1 vol. roy. 8vo, pp. cv + pp. 204 + pp. 4 un. and plates. Tudor (John R -), ca. 1883 This author, a writer in the Field newspaper, under the pseudonym of “ Old Wick,” has given a resume of the ornitho¬ logy of the Orkneys and Shetland in some 8 pp. of his book. 1883. The Orkneys and Shetland, their past and present state, with chapters on Geology . . . Floras . . . etc. London (Stanford) : 1883. Collation—1 vol. cr. 8vo, pp. xxxiii+pp. 703, front., maps, and pi. Birds at pp. 211-18. Tugwell (Rev. George), ob. 1904 The Rev. George Tugwell was educated at Eton and at Oriel College, Oxford, and was M.A. of that University (1856). He was Curate of Ilfracombe, and subsequently Rector of Bathwick from 1871 to his death in 1904. He is best 592 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF [TUK STALL known as author of A Manual of the Sea Anemones (1856). He also wrote the North . Devon Scenery Booh (1863), and several works of a theological nature. [1857.] [Edited by.] The North Devon Hand Book : being a Guide to the Topography and Archseology, and an Introduction to the Natural History of the District. London & Ilfracombe: n.d. [1857.] Collation—1 vol. 8vo, title+ pp. 252, with front., map, and 13 pi. Contains a list of birds at pp. 235-40. Idem. 2nd edit. n.d. [I860.] 1 vol. 12mo, pp. xi+pp. 299, with plates. Birds at pp. 271-6. Idem. 3rd edit. Not seen. Idem. 4th edit., 1 vol. 8vo. 1877. Tunstall (Marmaduke), 1743-90 For our somewhat meagre information concerning this eminent ornithologist we are chiefly indebted to the “ Memoirs of Marmaduke Tunstall ” in George Fox’s Synopsis of the Newcastle Museum (1827). Tunstall was born in 1743 at Burton Constable in Yorkshire, and was the son of Cuthbert Constable, by his second marriage, with Ely, daughter of George Henneage of Hainton, Lincolnshire. In 1760 he succeeded to the family estates of Scargill, Hutton, Long Villers, and Wycliffe, and then reassumed the family name of Tunstall, which his father had changed for that of Constable on succeeding to the Burton Constable property in 1718. Being of the Catholic religion, he was educated at Douai in France, and on completing his studies resided for several years in Welbeck Street, London, where he formed not only an extensive museum, but also kept a considerable collection of living birds and animals that he might “ study their habits, manners, and oeconomy.” Here Peter Brown the naturalist had the advantage of his patronage and collection, and from specimens in it were drawn twelve of the figures of birds in Brown’s New Illustrations of Zoology (1776). In 1776, on his marriage with Miss Markham of Hoxly, Lincolnshire, the museum was by degrees removed to Wycliffe, a special room having been erected for its reception ; and it was then turberville] BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY 593 reckoned as one of the finest in the kingdom, at least, as regards the birds.’ His “ printed tract ” Ornithologia Britannica, which was privately published when he was twenty-eight, and his wide circle of correspondents, which included Linnaeus, bear witness to his abilities as a naturalist. He became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries when only twenty-one years of age, and in 1771 was elected F.R.S., but he does not appear to have contributed more than a single paper to the Philosophical Transactions (1783). He died on October 11, 1790, at his seat at Wycliffe and was buried in the chancel of the parish church. On his death his estates passed to his half-brother, William Constable, who survived him but six months. It was while Wycliffe was in the possession of Mr. Constable that Bewick accepted an invitation from that gentleman and spent two months at Wycliffe making drawings from the specimens of birds in the collection. To Wm. Constable, Edward Sheldon succeeded in the possession of Wycliffe, and by him the museum was sold to Mr. Allan of Grange, near Darlington, from whose son it was purchased by the Newcastle Society in 1822, thus forming the basis of the Newcastle Museum. 1771. Ornithologia Britannica : | seu | Avium omnium Britannicarum tarn Terrestrium, | quam Aquaticarum | Catalogus, | Sermone Latino, Anglico & Gallico redditus : | Cui Subjicitur Appendix, | Aves Alienigenas, | In Angliam Raro Advenientes, Complectens. j In tenui labor: at tenuis non gloria—Virg. | London : Printed for the Author by J. Dixwell, in St. Martin’s Lane. MDCCLXXI. Collation — 1 vol. folio, pp. 2 un.+pp. 4. Figure of Water Ouzel on p. 1. A catalogue of birds giving their Latin, English, and French names, with a few short notes. Idem. Reprinted by the Willoughby Society. Edited by Alfred Newton. 1 vol. 8vo. London : 1880. Turberville (George), 1540 (?)-l610 (?) Turberville, or Turbervile as it is sometimes spelt, is more widely known as a poet than otherwise, yet his work under¬ noted is one of the most prized of falconry books. He was a 2 Q A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF [turberville 594 Dorsetshire man, of “ right ancient and genteel family ” (Wood), and was born, it is thought, about 1540 at Whitchurch, being the second son of Nicholas Turberville, or Turbervile, of that place, by a daughter of the house of Morgan of Mapperton. James Turberville, Bishop of Exeter, was his great uncle, while an ancestor, Henry de Turberville, was Seneschal of Gascony. He was educated at Winchester College, became Perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1561, left it next year before he was a graduate, and went to one of the Inns of Court, “ where he was much admired for his excellencies in the art of poetry.” He afterwards became secretary to Thomas Randolph during his embassy to the Court of Russia, and wrote his first volume of poems on* that country. Of his various poetical works and translations, however, we need say nothing here. Little seems to be known of his private life, although, says Wood, “ after his return from Muscovy he was esteemed a most accomplished gentleman, and his company was much sought after and desired by all men.” The date of his death is unknown, but is thought to have been about 1610, or at any rate before the 1611 edition of his Faulconrie appeared. (Cf. Diet . Nat. Biography.) 1575. The Booke of Faulconrie or Haw- | king; for the Onely de- | light and pleasure of all Noblemen and Gentlemen. | Collected out of the best aucthors, as well Italians as Frenchmen, | and some English practises withall concernyng Faulconrie | the contents whereof are to be seene in the next page followyng. | By George Turber¬ ville, gentleman. | Nocet Empta Dolore Voluptas. | [woodcut] | Imprinted at London for Christopher Barker, at the signe of | the Grasshopper at Paules Churchyarde. Anno 1575. Collation—1 vol. sm. 4to, pp. xiiiun.+ 1 p. blank+ pp. 371 [370] +pp. v un., with cuts. Copy in Brit. Mus. Library. Idem. 2nd edit., “ Now newly revived, corrected, and augmented with many new additions proper to these present times.” London : 1611. Collation—1 vol. sm. 4to, 3 prelim. 11. + pp. 370 + epilogue 2 11. Both this and the first edition are usually found bound up with a work ascribed to the same author entitled The Noble Art of Venerie , or Hunting. The second edition is further distinguished from the first by the cuts on pp. 81 and 112 having the bust of Queen Elizabeth cut out and the portrait of James I. substituted. (transcription of the faintly pencilled title-page opposite. O.A.Y.. MARJIADUKE TUNSTALL of TYCLIFFE LIS. NOTES TO PENNANT'S NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME I * quadrupeds. 1YCLIFFE HALL 1780 - 1790. (Thcf fol 1 owing memoir is excerptsd from the"Synopsis of the Newcastle Museum, Late the Allen, formerly the Tun stall or Ttydiffe Museum etc." hy George T. Pox, NEWCASTLE* 1827*) 2 -. ‘ Jftemotrs OF MARMADUKE TUNSTALL, ESQ. LATE OF WYCLIFFE. 1 he subject of these Memoirs was descended from two of the most ancient and honourable families of the coun¬ ties of York and Lancashire, viz.—the Tunstalls, of rhurland Castle, near Hornby, in Lancashire; and, by the female line, the Wycliffes, of Wycliffe on the Tees, in Riclunondshire. He was also connected, by intermarriages, with several other considerable families, and was duly entitled to a coat of arms with 35 cjuar- terings, as he himself, who was an excellent herald, ascertained and had emblazoned at the Llerald’s Office. In the paucity of materials for his individual history, I shall give a short account of the genealogy and most remarkable personages of the two principal families, as is found in more copious reports, and then proceed to detail such notices of him as the only printed documents which are extant, furnish, with the exception of some additional connecting matter communicated by a friend. The Lords of Wycliffe are traced back to the time of Edward I. Their descendant, William Wycliffe, who died in 1584, and whose monument remains in the church of Wycliffe, had two waves, by the former of which, Dorothy, a co-heiress of Hanlaby, in Yorkshire,; and of the Surteeses, of Dimsdale, he had a son, Francis, ~ to wdiom descended his father’s large estates. At the ve>v\V5 memoirs oe third descent from Francis Wyeliffe, his line became nearly extinct by the death of the only son and heir, Ralph Wyeliffe, a youth of fourteen. 1 his melancholy event took place in ,l,e life-time of his lithe,•, m- scribed*upon his monument, on a brass plate, with t family arms and a youth kneeling at a desk, within the altar rails of Wyeliffe church, the following aftect- 1 n ^<°]tadul p'ho Wiclifo, aetatis suae decimo quarto, anno vero Domini, 160G, die Jannarii quinto, mversa fatorum scrie defuncto filio suo unico superstes pater Guhelmus Wiclifus hoc quantum est monumenti non sine summo rerum humanarum fastidio posuit.—Pietatis et amoris °«To Ralph Wyeliffe, who died in the fourteenth •year of his age, the 5th day of January in the year ot our Lord, 1606, in the inverse series of the tates, his surviving father, William Wyeliffe, erected this monu. ment, such as it is, to his only son, not without great weariness of human affairs, a tribute ot his piety and Two daughters survived the death of their brother, and were joint co-heiresses of the family estates. The eldest, Dorothy, married John Witliam, of Chtfe, Lsq., in Yorkshire; and the youngest, Catherine, Marmaduke Tunstall, Esq., of Scargill Castle, in the parish ot Bar- mingham, Richmondshire, from whence sprung the connection of the two families. The history of the Wyeliffe family is rendered most interesting by its supposed connection with John Wick- liffe,f “ The Morning Star of the Refoi mation, the * Whitaker’s History of Richmonds/, ire, i. p. 199.— Gent. Mag. 18 +~He Xsbom in 1314, in the reign of Edward II. During the i m L j-ejirn of Edward ILI., whose liberal principles admitted greater latitude of discussion in matters of religion than those of his imme¬ diate predecessors or successors, Wickliffe repeatedly dared to ex- h bit h?s freedom of opinion on the abuses of the Papal authority and government. He died a natural death (uncommon m his c.rctuii- stances') in 1387, and was buried m Ins own church, at Luttervvorth, irlLeicestershire, a rectory which had been presented to him by his MR. TLNSTALL. 3 last maintainer of religion (before the general decay thereof) and its firm restorer*” who has long been con¬ sidered as sprung from this family .—(See Fuller's Worthies , i. 327, Tanner , p. 767, &c.) The evidence of this fact is, however, contested by Mr. Whitaker, in his History of Hickmon(hhire, who, however, admits* that Wickliffe must have been born in this neighbour¬ hood at least, as it is specially so recorded by Leland.* The family of Wycliffe existed until lately in the younger branch, descended from William Wycliffe, royal master, as a reward for his able opposition to the Papal claim of Peter’s pence, for the refusal to pay which the Pope had cited Edward to Avignon. Forty years after his bones were taken up and burnt, by order of the Council of Constance.— (Gilpin's Life of Wickliffe.) He wrote a tract on the schism of the Popes; and published a translation of the whole Bible in the English language then spoken ; but not being sufficiently acquainted with the Hebrew and Greek languages to translate from the originals, he made his translation from the Latin Bibles, which were at that time read in the churches. So offensive was this translation of the Bible to those who were for taking away the key of knowledge and means of better information, that a bill was brought into parliament, in 1330, for the purpose of suppressing it; on which the Duke of Lancaster (the King’s uncle) is reported to have said, “ we will not be the dregs of all, seeing other nations have the law of God, which is the law of our faith, written in their own language;” The bill, through the Duke’s influence, was rejected ; and this gave encouragement to some of the Wickliffe’s followers to publish another more correct translation of the Bible. But, in 1408, at a convocation at Oxford, it was decreed, “ That no one should, thereafter, translate any text or holy scripture into English, by way of a book, or little book, or tract; and that no book of this kind should be read, that was com¬ posed lately in the time of John Wickliffe, or since his death.” This decree led the way, as might be expected, to great persecu¬ tion ; and many persons were punished, some even with death, for reading the scriptures in English.— fD'Oi/lep and Mant's Bible. Int.) A portrait of Wickliffe, understood to be painted by Antonio de More, the painter of Queen Mary and several of the crowned heads of Europe, was presented by Dr. Zouch, the late Rector of Wy¬ cliffe, in 173(5* as an heir loom to the Rectory House, where it re¬ mains. It is probably a copy from some illumination in one of Wick¬ liffe’s Bibles, as is conjectured by Mr. Whitaker, who doubts, how¬ ever, if it was painted by More. It is marked with his name on the back of the picture. * Fuller says that the Wycliffe family, in his day (1601), “con¬ tinue a just claim of their kindred unto him.” MEMOIRS OF 4 who died, as stated above, in 1584, by his second wife, who was of the noble blood of Eure. They resided in the town of Richmond, but the family is now extinct by the decease of the last heir.* The estates passed by intermarriage to the Tunstalls. I next proceed to the family of Tunstall, “ who long flourished at Thurland Castle, in wealth and honour, and produced several characters of name in English history.” Sir Thomas Tunstall, who was an adherent of the House of Lancaster, had a grant from Henry IV. to inclose the manor of Thurland Tunstall, in Lancashire, and to fortify it. Hence the origin of Thurland Castle. He afterwards attended Henry V. to the battle of Agincourt, and was rewarded with the town of Ponthever, in France. Richard Tunstall, his grandson, was a man of great renown, and created a Knight of the Garter through the liberality of Richard III., though he had been a firm Lancastrian before, as were the whole fa¬ mily from the time of his predecessor, Sir Thomas Tun- stall, who received the boon of his Monarch, as above related. That “ stainless knight,” Sir Brian Tunstall, as he is called, nephew of the last-mentioned Richard, was a valiant soldier, and died fighting in the battle of Flodden Field, where he commanded the Lancaster men ; and he is understood to have been the only Eng¬ lishman of rank, who died in that battle.f It is, however, * Thomas Wyeliffe, Esq. of Gayles, who lately died at Richmond, f Then good Lord Marmion, by my life ! Wclcome to danger’s hour ! Short greeting serves in time of strife : Thus have I ranged my power. Myself will rule the central host. Stout Stanley fronts their right, My son commands the vaward post. With Brian Tunstall , stainless knight , Lord Dacre with his horsemen light Shall be in rear-ward of the fight. And succour those that need it most. Marmion , canto vi. sec . 24. “ Sir B. Tunstall, called in the romantic language of the time ‘ Tunstall, the undefiled,’ was one of the few Englishmen of rank slain at Flodden. He, perhaps, derived his epithet of ‘ undefiled', MU. TUN STALL. 5 doubted, by Whitaker, if he was ever knighted, or that his body was transported to Tunstall church, as tradi¬ tion has asserted.* His son, however, was a true knight, and, probably, he who is styled Knight of Rhodes. Next follows the elder brother, as. he is con¬ sidered by the late genealogists, of Sir Brian, viz. the celebrated Cuthbert Tunstall, Bishop of Durham. The legitimacy of his birth has been called in question by some, on the assertion of Leland, who was his cotem¬ porary. He is considered the son of one of Conyers’ daughters, of Hornby Castle. “ Such has ever been,” says Mr. Whitaker, “ the chastity of English women in the higher ranks, that there have been few natural chil¬ dren so well born on the mother’s side as Cuthbert Tunstall. At Hackforth, in an adjoining township, he was certainly born, his mother having, probably, been sent away from Hornby for the greater privacy.” He was born in 1475, and being educated for the church, first at Baliol College, Oxford, and afterwards, on ac¬ count of the plague, at King’s Hall, Cambridge, he passed through various ecclesiastical preferments, until in 1522, he was consecrated Bishop of London, from whence he was translated to the see of Durham, in 1530. “ Tunstall was one of those few and gifted men, who, in head and heart, adorned the mitre. In an age of persecution, and invested with princely power, he was no persecutor. A sincere Catholic, he applied the flames, not to men, but to books.”)- “ Bishop Tun¬ stall,” says Mr. Hutchinson,j: “was an accomplished, learned, and excellent prelate, and author of many valuable works, highly beloved, admired, and praised by all his learned cotemporaries, both at home and abroad; among whom were the great Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, and Dean Collet, and by many other illustrious persons, who have all been lavish of their from his white armour and banner, the latter bearing a white cock about to crow, as well as from his unstained loyally and knightly faith .”—Sir Walter Scott's Note on Marmion. * Whitaker, Richm. ii. p. 271-275. + lb. p. 52, 53. J Hist, of Durham , i. p. 440, 6 MEMOIRS OE encomiums on him.” He lived in difficult times, an( liis history is chequered with many changes of opinion, which, in the progress of the reformation, it became a - most necessary to adopt. On the whole, he was ratliei disposed to bend and conciliate; though, at one time, he went so much in opposition to the court, as to suitei deprivation of his see, and to undergo imprisonment, in the Tower, for two years. He was restored on the accession of Mary, with whom he sided, but being again called on, at the accession of Elizabeth, for another re¬ cantation, in subscribing to her supremacy, lie declined making it at his late period of life, though by no means a friend to the see of Rome, the abuses ol which he was well convinced of, and he was, therefore, finally deprived of his see a second time, which event, he survived about a year, dying in 1559, in his 85th year.* Bishop Tunstall, though a churchman, was frequently employed, much to his honour, in foreign embassies of great weight and moment. In 1516, he accompanied Sir Thomas More, as ambassador to the Emperor Charles V., then at Brussels, where he became ac¬ quainted with the great Erasmus, who speaks of him in the most flattering terms, as a man, “ than whom this * It was during his episcopacy that the first appointment of the Dean and Chapter of Durham took place, in consequence of the surrender into King Henry YIlI.’s hands of the priory of Durham, amongst those of the larger monasteries of the kingdom. By the act of parliament, which vested all religious houses, with their pos¬ sessions, in the crown, the King, on the 12th May, 1541, founded the Cathedral Church at Durham, and appointed a dean and twelve prebendaries therein for ever; dedicating the church to the (rlory of Christ, and the honour of the blessed Virgin, by the name of the Cathedral Church of Christ and blessed Mary, the Virgin. The King appointed the surrendering prior, Whitehead, the first dean, and twelve of his fraternity, prebendaries, and granted them a common seal, with power to the dean, for the time being, to ap¬ point inferior officers and ministers of the church. By letters patent, he, at the same time, endowed the church with all its former possessions; and few, if any, such appropriations as this, at Dur¬ ham, were made out of the dissolution of religious houses, w hich took place at that time.— See Hutchinson's Durham , i. p. 423, 424. ? MU. TUNSTALL. 7 age possesses none more learned, better, or more hu¬ mane.” When Bishop of London, he was sent by the King to the Diet, held at Worms; and again, in 1525, he went with Sir Richard Wingfield to Spain, as am¬ bassador, a second time, to the Emperor Charles V., on the memorable occasion of mediating for the freedom of Francis I., of France, taken at Pavia, in all which he was selected on account of his superior abilities.* “ His accomplishments were both great and various; he was a scholar, a man of business, a civilian, a states¬ man, and a divine. His knowledge of the Greek language was critical; he was not unskilled in the He¬ brew ; he wrote a clear and intelligent work on arith¬ metic; lie perfectly understood the mathematics (such as they were) of the age; and, in addition to all which, was an eloquent and impressive speaker. “ I shall conclude this account of him with the short and elegant character given by Sir Thomas More. 4 Ton- stallo, ut nemo est bonis literis instructior, nemo in vita moribusque severior, ita nemo est usquam in convictu jucundior.’ ”f An intermarriage with the family of Scargiil, of Scar- gill Castle, in the parish of Barningham, Richmond- shire,J having added that domain to the Thurland Tunstall property, these both continued in the Tunstall family for three or four generations. Francis Tunstall alienated Thurland Castle, with other large possessions, early in the reign of James I.; when it became, or soon after, the property of a branch of the Girlingtons, a * Mr. Tunstall presented Mr. Hutchinson, for his History of Durham, with the portrait of his ancestor. Bishop Tunstall. The original picture is now in the possession of the Rev. James Raine, of Durham, who purchased it at the sale of the furniture of Wyelitfie Hall, in 3824, together with the emblazoned coat of arms of Mr. Tunstall in thirty-five quarterings; to whom I am indebted for the loan of the latter for this work, and for several particulars noticed in these Memoirs. f Whitaker, ii. p. 53. J Viz. of Sir Marmaduke Tunstall, with Mary, daughter and co¬ heiress of Sir Robert Scargiil, Knt. He died in 1556.— Mr, Tun - stall's Remarks in Nichols , vol, viii p. 323. MEMOTRS OV 8 family since gone to- decay and extinct, who held it lor two generations.* His son Marmaduke, probably to repair his father’s improvidence, married Katherine, a co-heiress of Wycliffe, as before stated, and as an additional act of prudence, he purchased of Dorothy, the other co-heiress, his wife’s elder sister, the moiety which had jointly descended to her. He, however, suffered severely in Cromwell’s time by sequestration, and was obliged to compound for his estate, f I now come to our Mr. Tunstall. Marmaduke Tunstall, Esq. late of Wycliffe, was born in 1743. He w r as the great great grandson of the last named Marmaduke Tunstall, the first owner of Wycliffe of the name, and was himself the son of Cuth- bert Constable, of Burton Constable, near Hull, Esq. by a second marriage with Ely, daughter of George Henneage, of Hainton, Esq. a Catholic family, in the county of Lincoln. His father, who w T as the son of Francis Tunstall, of Wycliffe, Esq. had, in consequence of succeeding, in 1718, to the estate of Burton Consta¬ ble, in Holderness, left him by his maternal uncle, Wil¬ liam Constable, Lord Viscount Dunbar* changed his name for that of Constable.;): Marmaduke was his second son (his only one by his second marriage), and w-as born at Burton Constable, then his father’s residence. In his early infancy he lost his father, who died in 1747, when he was only four years old. Fortunately he was not deprived of the maternal cares of his other * “ Thurland Castle was lately in the possession of the Evelyns, of St. Cleer, in Kent, who sold it about 1768.”— Mr. Tunstall in Nichols , ut supra. “ The manor of Thurland was afterwards sold, whether immediately I do not know, to the family of Welsh, who sold it again, with the advowson of the Parish Church, to Miles North, Esq. in the last generation.”— Whit. Rich. ii. p. 273. f Whit. Rich, in tab. vol. ii. p. 270. — Nichols, v. p. 341. J He had previously married Amy, daughter of Hugh, 2d. Lord Clifford, of Chudleigh In Devonshire, to which family (the Cliffords) the estates of Burton Constable and Wycliffe have now descended by an entail made by his son, William Constable, Esq. who died in 1791, and who, after his own relations, inserted in the entail those of his mother.— Rev . J. Rainc. MR. TUNSTALL. 9 /( j parent, who must have early instilled into him those prin¬ ciples of virtue, which marked the conduct of his mature years. Under her direction, as his natural guardian, though probably with the concurrence and aid of his uncle, whose heir he was to be, he was sent for his edu¬ cation to the college of Douay in France, where he was always distinguished for mild manners and retired and studious habits. At what age he went there, or how long he remained, I have not been able to ascer¬ tain.* When lie was seventeen, he succeeded, in 17G0, to the family estates of Scargi 11, Hutton Long Villers, . and Wycliffe, by the decease of his uncle, Marmaduke + 1 unstall, Esq. who died a bachelor in his 89th year, and who had settled those estates on his brother Cuthbert (our Marmaduke’s father), and his issue male by his second wife. He then resumed the name of Tunstall, as directed by his uncle’s deed of settlement, instead of Constable, by which he was born.f Two years after coming to his fortune, he lost his mother, who died in 1762, and thus totally deprived of parental care, with an ample fortune, he might easily have fallen a victim to the excesses of youth, had not those principles conti¬ nued to operate, which had been so carefully inculcated in his tender years. An early-formed taste for literature * I find, however, from his own writings, that he was in London in the winter of 1754-55-56, when he was 11—13 years old, and therefore he did not probably go to France until after then.— See Tunstall, M.S. t The aforesaid deed of settlement is dated August 21, 1734, and recites, that his brother, Cuthbert Constable, had only one son by his then late wife, who, upon the death of the said Cuthbert, his father, would be entitled to a considerable real estate, by virtue of the will of the Right Hon. William, late Lord Dunbar (viz. the estate of Burton Constable), and, that the said Marmaduke Tun¬ stall, the uncle, was then seized of a considerable real estate which, upon his death, without issue, he had agreed to settle upon his said brother, and his issue male, by any after-taken wife, such issue taking upon them the name of Tunstall on coming into possession; and also reciting, that the said Marmaduke, the uncle, was not then disposed to marry, but was desirous that his brother should marry again for the support of the name and family of the Tunstalls, See. See. , jrfLt f r, , — Stem* * ^* * w /i/O / ^^7 A '*' ^7 ]0 MEMOIRS OF and science supplied the vacancy of leisure, and pre¬ vented the necessity of having recourse to less worthy pursuits. When he was only twenty-one, we find him elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, in Lon¬ don, of which he became, by his attention to the sub¬ ject of antiquities, a worthy and esteemed member. After finishing his education, he resided for several years in London, in Wellbeck-street. Here it was he commenced forming the Museum, where the opportunity was afforded him of procuring subjects in every branch of natural history. These were not confined to preserved specimens, but he kept an extensive collection of living animals, particularly birds, which enabled him, as he himself observed, “ to study their habits, manners, and ceconomy.” It was here that Brown had the advantage of his patronage and collection ; and the names of Mr. Moon, Mr. Tennant, and others, as collectors of natural history, are to be found connected with him at this pe¬ riod. It was during this time also, that lie considerably improved and enlarged his house at Wycliffe.* In 1771 ' he removed there, on his marriage with Miss Markham, the daughter and co-heiress of-Markham, Lsq. of Hoxly, in Lincolnshire, which estate was then sold-, and is now the property of Lord Yarborough. The Museum was removed to Wycliffe also, though not immediately, nor until he had completed buildings suitable to receive it, viz “ a handsome, large, airy room, in the back of the house, much better than that in London,” which was about the year 1780 or 1781. Soon after, we find him congratulating himself on the extent of his collection, which, with the exception of Mr. Green’s, of Litchfield, and ol Dr. Latham’s, he considers the best, out of London, in the kingdom, at least of birds. In a letter to Dr. Latham, written about this time, he says, “ I have, unfortunately, no ornitho¬ logist in my neighbourhood to help me out, nor are * These alterations must have been made before or about 177o, as Mr. Pennant, in his Tour to Harrogate in that year, speaks of it as a new house.— Vide infra . MR. TTJN ST ALL. 11 there naturalists of any kind in this country, though the clergyman of the parish” (Dr. Zouch) “ is a very good botanist. The history and ceconomy of the horse and dog must be excepted, which are scarce known better in any part of the kingdom, as also of the fox. As I have not a very strong sight, I cannot always make out satisfactorily the birds I see in the neighbourhood. I was, from my earliest years, an ardent pursuer of the natural history of birds; and I am sorry to say, that, notwithstanding I have never desisted prosecuting the same fayourite study, I find some of my very juvenile observations superior to many made in riper years.” Mr. Tunstall continued a firm Catholic, as his imme¬ diate ancestors had been, notwithstanding the example held out to them in the history of their presumed pro¬ genitor, John Wickliffe* J3ut this did not prevent him being on the most intimate terms with Dr. Zouch, the incumbent of Wycliffe, the similarity of whose pursuits, in their fondness for Natural History, was a sufficient bond of attachment. This connection was the more honourable to them both, as Dr. Zouch had succeeded to the living of Wycliffe in opposition to Mr. Tunstall. He had been presented by the University of Cambridge, on the ground of Mr. Tunstall, the patron’s personal incapacity as a papist. The family had made several conveyances of the advowson, but it was doubtful whe¬ ther any of them were bond JidLe , or only in trust. A caveat was put in against Dr. Zouch’s presentation, and he filed a bill in Chancery to compel a disclosure of secret trusts; but Mr. Robinson (the son of the late in¬ cumbent), for whom the presentation was supposed to be intended, dying six weeks after his father, the oppo¬ sition was dropped, and Dr. Zouch’s presentation took effect.* * Michaelmas Term, 1769.—The University of Cambridge and Thomas Zouch filed.their bill against Marmaduke Tunstall, charging several deeds to have been made upon private trusts for Papists, and that the said Marmaduke Tunstall .was then seized, but being a Papist, was disabled to present, and by law the said University be¬ came, and were, the lawful patrons of the church of Wycliffe for 12 MEMOIRS OF Mr. Tunstall seems to have been a most amiable character, highly respected for his liberality and the taste of his pursuits, the testimony of which is to be found repeatedly in the works of Mr. Pennant, and Dr. Latham, and the letters of Mr. Allan, Mr. Watson, and others. His attachment to Natural History must have been early excited, as his printed tract on British Birds was published at the age of twenty-eight. The extreme rarity of this treatise of Mr. 1 unstall on British Birds* (which was not published for sale) in¬ duces me to give in this place an analysis of its contents. The work is written in Latin, and consists of four pages only of letter-press, in imperial folio, preceded by the following title:— 44 Ornithologia Britannica , seu Avium omnium Britannicarum tain Terrestriutn quam Aquati - carton Catalogus , Sermone Latino , Anglico , et (jallico redditus: cui subjicitur Appendix Aves alienigenas in the present term only, and had executed a presentation unto Thomas Zouch,—they, therefore, prayed the said several deeds to be de¬ clared fraudulent and void, and the presentation of Thomas Zouch established. To this bill answer was put in, but the cause never came to issue, being abandoned by the defendants, and, therefore, Mr. Zouch was instituted and inducted. It appears, also, that in Easter Term, 10th Geo. III. John Burdon declared, in a Quare imp edit, against the Bishop of Chester, the University, and Thomas Zouch, for the last presentation, stating his title to be an assignment from the Executors of William Lodge, the Assignee of a deed of the 25th July, 1763, but Burdon also deserted this action. The several pre¬ sentations returned by the Bishop of Chester’s Secretary are as follows:— 31st May, 1704.—The University of Cambridge, on the death of John Chapman, presented Francis Smales. In 1731.—The Crown presented Thomas Robinson, by lapse. loth May, 1769.—On the death of Thomas Robinson, the Uni- versity of Cambridge, on account of Mr. Tunstall’s disability, claim¬ ed that term, and presented Thomas Zouch. The foregoing extracts of deeds, I am enabled to make by the favour of the Rev. John Headlam, the present incumbent of Wy- cliffe, to whom, as well as for several other points of information, I am’ indebted for his liberal communication. * I am enabled to give this account of it from a copy of Mr. Tunstall’s work, lately presented to the Literary and Philosophical Spciety of Newcastle, by Mr, Brockets MR. TUNSTALL. 13 Angliam raro advenientes complectens In tenui labor at tenuis non glorfci.—V irg. London : Printed for the author , by J. Dixivell, in St. Martin's Lane, 1771. At the head of the first page is a characteristic print of the Water Ouzel, male and female, as large as life, beautifully engraven by P. Mazell, from a painting by P. Brown, the author of Illustrations of Zoology , which Brown must have made from the specimens in our pos¬ session, as is shewn by the attitudes. Then follows a list of British Birds, divided into four columns, the first con¬ taining the genus, and the others the trivial names in Latin, English, and French, which, as is stated in a note, are taken for the most part, the Latin from Lin¬ naeus or Pennant’s British Zoology , and the French from Brisson’s Ornithology . Of the species which mi¬ grate, a single or double asterisk marks the vernal or autumnal migration. In his arrangement he has followed nearly that of his friend Pennant in his second edition of British Zoology , published shortly before, in 1768 and 1769, in three volumes, 8vo. with a volume of illustrations, in 1770. It is as follows:— I. Aves Britannicae terrestres, including 23 Genera, in the follow¬ ing order :—Falco, Strix, Lanius, Corvus, Picus, Jynx, Cuculus, Sitta, Alcedo, Pyrrhocorax , Certhia, Tetrao, Otis, Columbus, Turdus, Sturnus, Alauda, Hirundo, Motacilla, Loxia, Fringilla, Emberiza, Par us. II. Aves aquaticae. 19 Genera. Div. I. Fissipedes. Gen. 1 — 7- viz. Ardea, Scolopax, Tringa, Haematopus, Charadrius, Rallus, Gallinula. Div. II. Pedibus pinnatis. Gen. 8—10. viz. Phalaropus, Fulica, Colymbus. Div. III. Pedibus palmatis. Gen. 11—19. viz. Recurvirostra, Alca, Mergus, Larus, Sterna, Procellaria, Merganser, Anas, Pelecanus. Appendix.— Aves raro in Britanniam advenientes, et quae vix un- quam ibi nidificare cognoscuntur. 1. Terrestres.—Nutcracker, Roller, Hoopoe, Little Bustard, Rose- coloured Ouzel, Chatterer, Hawfinch, Pine Bullfinch, Cross- bill, Greater Brambling or Snow Bird. 2. Aquaticae.—Spoonbill, Crane, Stork, Egrette, Great White Heron, Little Bittern, Red Sandpiper. MEMOIRS OF 14 On the above composition the following remaiks oc¬ cur:—Though Linnaeus’s twelfth edition of Systema Naturce had been published four years before Mr. Tunstall’s work, he has shewn considerable freedom ot opinion in his adoption of genera. Amongst these arc found Pyrrhocorax, Gallinula, and Phalaropus, three genera which have "been adopted by modern systema- tists. Pyrrhocorax is mentioned by Ray as the trivial name of the Cornish Chough. Gallinula, as a genus he took from Ray also;* and Phalaropus from Brisson. It is worthy of notice, that Mr. 1 unstall preceded Latham and Cuvier in the use of these generic terms; though the credit of their adoption is given bv Tcmminck to his more copious followers. He also adopted Mergus from Brisson for the Divers, in which he included the Guillemots, or Uriae of Brisson; and Merganser for the Goosanders. Besides this testimony of the learning of Mr. I un¬ stall, there is sufficient reason in the notices of the learned friends, with whom he corresponded and held commu¬ nication, amongst whom was Linnaeus himself, to justify the opinion of his attainments. He was elected a Fel¬ low of the Antiquarian Society of London, in 1764, and of the Royal Society, 1777-+ I have been able to find only one paper of his writing in the transactions of the latter Society,]; which is an account of lunar rainbows, an uncommonly rare phenomenon,§ three of which, in one year, he was an eye witness of. “ The first was seen 27th February, 1782, at Greta Bridge, Yorkshire, be¬ tween seven and eight at night, and appeared in tolera¬ bly distinct colours, similar to a solar one, but more f a i n t; the orange colour seemed to predominate. It happened at full moon, at which time alone they are said to have been always seen. Though Aristotle is saicj * Raii Av. p. 40, 113, f Nichols viii. p. 473. t See Phil. Trans. 1783. The same was, however, witnessed in this neighbourhood, on Saturday evening, 25th November, 1825, which was seen by many. —See Newcastle Chronicle . Mr. tunstall. *! F IS to have observed two, and some others have been seen by Snellius, &c. I can only find two described with any accuracy, viz. one by Plot, in his History of Oxfordshire , seen by him in 1675, though without colours; the other, seen by a Derbyshire gentleman at Glapwell, near Chesterfield, described by Thoresby, and inserted in No. 331, of the Philosophical Transactions . This was about Christmas, 1710, and said to have had all the colours of the Iris Solaris. The night was windy, and though there w as a drizzling rain and dark cloud, in which the rainbow was reflected, it proved afterwards a light frost.” Two others were afterwards seen by Mr. Tunstall; one on July 30, of the same year, which lasted about a quarter of an hour, without colours. The other, which appeared on Friday, October 18, w T as “ perhaps the most extraordinary one of the kind ever seen. It lasted from nine o’clock until two of the morning, and exhi¬ bited all the brilliant colours of a solar rainbow, though somewhat fainter. No lunar Iris that I ever heard or read of lasted near so long as this, either with or with¬ out colours. It is a singular circumstance, that three of these phenomena should have been seen in so short a time in one place, as they have been esteemed ever since the time of Aristotle, who is said to have been the first observer of them, and saw only two in fifty years; and since, by Plot and Thoresby, almost the only two Eng¬ lish authors, who have spoke of them, to be exceeding- rare. They seem evidently to be occasioned by a re¬ fraction in a cloud or turbid atmosphere; and, in gene¬ ral, are indications of stormy and rainy w eather : so bad a season as the late summer having, I believe, seldom occurred in England.”* This is all the communication made by Mr. Tunstall to the Royal Society, though in one of his unpublished letters he proposes to transmit another paper shortly, which, from the date, he w r as probably prevented doing by his death. There are some corrections of his for a * Tunstall in Phil. Trans . ut supra .— See also Gent. Mag . for 1788, where is an account of another. 16 memoirs of future edition of Camden’s Britannia , inserted in Nichols’ Literary Anecdotes , vol viii. p. 321. It was at once honourable to the head and heart ot Mr. Tunstall, that, though of very retired habits, lie was on intimate terms with men of the most amiable and learned characters Of these the Rev. Daniel Wat¬ son, Rector of Middleton Tyas, was not the least deser¬ ving. I extract from Mr. Watson’s letters to Mr. Allan the following remarks relating to Mr Tunstall:— “May 11, 1784.—He writes with some glee of the Antiquary Society being in a flourishing state, and of the Earl of Leicester becoming President, and the Duke of Montague and our present Premier (Mr. Pitt), lately becoming members in the illustrious crowd. And then he goes on to ask me if I would choose to be one; and says, he should be happy to be my godfather; and pays me a profusion of compliments I am no way entitled to. 1 pay as little regard to feathers as most men, and yet I would, on no ac¬ count, affront so valuable a friend. « He is commenced politician; and thinks taking silks, wines, and oils from France, on a preference given to our woollen and hardware, would be advantageous. The Spital Fields manufac¬ turers and the Portuguese would be the only sufferers. The former might be better employed, and the latter are an ungrateful people. He does not like the talk of lowering the duties on such pernicious liquors as tea, and increasing the tax on windows.”* D. \\. “ June 3, 1784.— He has again named the Society. I told him, that, except sometimes stumbling upon the true reading of a Ro¬ man inscription or coin, I had no knowledge of any thing else that was antique, and was so lazy, that I should only be a disgrace to my godfather, I am, indeed, under great obligations to him. He sent me two massy volumes in French lately, which have been very entertaining. I remarked to him, on Buffon’s Supplement, ‘ that an Englishman would express himself full as much to his purpose in one page, as a Frenchman does in three; and, that what run off and pleased in French, would be fulsome circumlocution and tau¬ tology in English P His answer is, ‘ your remarks on the French - language are extremely just. The expressive conciseness and energy of English is the most preferable ; yet there is something very fas¬ cinating in the elegant, though diffuse, style of the French. The English is sometimes chargeable with, £ Dum brevis esse volo , obscu - ras Jio .’ ” D. W. * Mr. Tunstall here discovers a scintillation of our present liberal policy ; and has the credit of projecting ideas in Political (Economy, as well as in Natural History, which have been subsequently adopted. MR. TUNSTALL. 17 This amiable man did not long continue to be an or¬ nament to society and a benefactor to his neighbourhood. Probably sedentary habits had induced a temperament, unfavourable to long life. He died suddenly on the 11th Oct. 1790, in his 48th year, and was buried in the chancel of his own church of Wycliffe, on the 18th. No monumental inscription has as yet been placed in the church to his memory, though often talked of. The only local record of respect is to be found in the church register, where, after the entry of his burial, is added, “ Multis ille bonis Jiebilis occidit , cc NulliJiebilioi' quam mihi .* T. Z.” —A tribute of affection from his friend Dr. Zouch, by whom he was much esteemed. A letter of Mr. Watson’s to Mr. Allan thus describes the event: Oct . 17,1790.— Dear Sir, —You would be shocked at the sudden loss of our good and valuable friend, Mr. Tunstall. On Tuesday I had a letter, by the order of Mrs. Tunstall, informing me of it. It was only on the Friday evening before, that he wrote me a kind and long letter, asking us to dine before his old friend Joe left us. This letter was the last action of his life; and in it he gave an instance of strong friendship for my family, by telling Horace to make use of his name to Captain Gell, if he went on board his ship, saying how intimate he and the Captain were at Sir Harry Hunloke’s. I wish¬ ed to pay a tribute to his memory, but know not whether I am not precluded by some friend of his in some of the Newcastle papers. D. W. Though posthumous eulogies are not always penned in the language of truth, the following characters of Mr. Tunstall, which are given by Dr. Whitaker and Mr. Nichols, as drawn by the hand of friendship, bear the internal evidence of correctness. They are, besides, not inelegant pieces of composition, and 1 insert them, as they will, at least, furnish a better account of his habits aud opinions than I am able to procure elsewhere. “ Character ofMat m a duke Tunstall , Esq . of Wycliffe Hall , supposed to be written by the late Dr. Zouch. “On the 11th Oct. 1790, died at Wycliffe Hall, * Horace, lib. i. car. 24,1. 9. D 18 MEMOIRS OF Marmaduke Tuns tall, Esq. F. 11. and A. SS. The death of this truly amiable gentleman cannot be enoug i regretted. In the privacy of an elegant retirement he was a most munificent patron of learning, being evei Feady to encourage and reward merit. His knowledge was uncommonly extensive. In a clear comprehension of every branch of Natural History he particulaily ex celled. He corresponded with most of the learned men of his country, and with many foreigners of distinguished character in the republic of letters. The celebrated Linnaeus honoured him with singular regard. No hour of the day was by him appropriated to frivolous dissipa¬ tion. His mind was always active, always engaged in the research of useful truth. Great as his literary abili¬ ties were, he was possessed of more valuable accomplish¬ ments,—a sw r eet affability of disposition, an engaging urbanity of manners, and enlarged liberality of thought. The words of passion and resentment never dropped from his lips; he was all mildness and benevolence. His deeds of charity were many; he was literally the poor man’s friend.”* “ Character of the above M. Tiinstall , Esq. by the late Rev. D. Watson ,+ Rector of Middleton Tyas . “On Monday, lltli day of October, 1790, died at Wycliffe Hall, in Yorkshire, the ancient seat of the family of Tunstall, M.armaduke *1 unstall, Esq. aftei only two hours’ illness, which makes the blow more se¬ verely felt by his afflicted lady, whose constant and affectionate attention to him, together with a taste like his own for retired life, rendered them perfectly happy in each other. Had it not been for this predilection for retirement, their suavity of manners and cheerful polite conversation would have been a great acquisition to society. “ He was F. R. and A. S. and was honoured with # Whit. Rich. ii. p. 37» + This composition is attributed by Nichols to Rev. Dr. Pegge, and apparently correctly so, as in a letter of Mr. Watson’s he ad¬ verts to Dr. P. undertaking it .—See Lit. An. viii. pp. 341, 4?3. MTI. TUNSTALL. ID the correspondence of many distinguished literary cha¬ racters both at home and abroad. He has left a noble library, many of the books of the best editions, and very scarce and curious. His very large collection of fine and valuable prints does equal honour to his good taste; and such was the pleasure he took in the study of Natural History and Antiquities, that few private gentlemen are in possession of a Museum containing so large a collec¬ tion, especially of the feathered race, or of so rich a cabinet of antiques. “ He was a steady Roman Catholic ; but always spoke with great respect of the Church of England. Nor was he an enemy to any society of Christians, whose prin¬ ciples are not inimical to the British constitution, which he loved and revered ; but could not help expressing his hopes and wishes for a time, when he thought it might still be improved by holding out its blessings to all, who should from the heart pledge themselves to be faithful to it. He was a friend to establishments in religion, but a warm advocate for a general toleration. He spoke with abhorrence of religion being taken up as the livery of a party. He lamented the progress of infidelity both amongst Protestants and Catholics, and especially amongst the latter of the higher orders in France and Italy, which he attributed to a neglect of the scriptures, and to a preference given to metaphysics and flimsy systems of philosophy. “ His morals were the morals enforced by our con> mon Lord and Saviour, in the Sermon on the Mount. He was a friend to merit in distress, however distant the object. And, it is hard to say, whether his domestics, his tenants, or the poor, will most lament his death. In a word, this excellent man believed what he pro¬ fessed, and acted upon principle; and though his mode of faith was in many articles different from mine, may my soul be with his. “ A CLERGYMAN cc Of the Church of England.”* # Whit. Rick. it. p. 38.—Nichols, viii. 4/3.—For another short character of Mi*. Tunstall, see Gent . Mag. for 1700, vol. lx. p. 959 20 MEMOIRS OF In addition to these evidences of the merits of Mi** T(install, I cannot resist subjoining the short, but strik¬ ing testimony of Dr. Whitaker; and we have only to regret, that he did not live to fulfil the intention therein expressed of a detailed account of Mr. Tunstall, which his style and acquaintance with the subject would have rendered doubtless highly interesting. “ The descents of this manor,” says the author, in his account of Wycliffe, 66 are regularly traced in the an¬ nexed pedigree. But the promiscuous and undistin¬ guishing commemoration of a pedigree is for ordinary men. The late amiable man and excellent naturalist, Mr. Tunstall, is entitled to a particular memorial, which will be given in the appendix to this volume.”* Mr. Tunstall having died without issue left both his estates to his half brother, Wm. Constable, Esq. of Burton Constable, who survived him only six months, and who left all his property to his nephew Edward and Francis Sheldon, Esqrs. in succession. The former * The work of Dr. Whitaker, to which I am greatly indebted, merits a particular notice in this place. It is entitled, “ A History of Richmondshire, in the North Riding of York; together with those parts of the Everwickshire of Domesday, which, form the wapentakes of Lonsdale, Ewecross, and Amunderness, in the coun¬ ties of York, Lancaster, and Westmoreland. By the late Thomas Dunham Whitaker, LL. D., F. R. A., Vicar of Whalley, and of Blackburn, in Lancashire. Printed for Longman & Co., London; and Robinson and Hernaman, Leeds, 1823.” In 2 vols. folio, on demy paper, 251. 4s.; royal paper, with proof impressions of plates, 50l/8s. This work is illustrated with 45 plates, engraved in the very best style of the art, by 18 of the first engravers, from beautiful drawings by J. M. W. Turner, Esq. R. A., and Mr. Buckler; and with nu¬ merous wood cuts of castles, forts, and antiquities, by Mr. Branston. It includes the History and Antiquities of an interesting district, holden formerly under one common Lord, where, in their magnificent castle, which they built on the Swale, the Earls of Richmond held splendid courts, and maintained a port little inferior to that of royalty, until the title merged into royalty itself in the person of Henry VII., son of Margaret, the celebrated Countess of Richmond. It was re¬ vived by James I. in the person of his kinsman, Stuart, Duke of Lennox, but becoming again extinct in 1672, passed once more by investiture 1675, into blood royal in the present family of Lennox descended from Charles II. » MR. TUNSTALL. 21 on coming into possession of Wycliffe in 1791, sold the Museum, library, and pictures. Mr. Allan was the purchaser of the Museum, and Mr. Todd, of York, bookseller, of the books.* On their death without issue male, the estates were entailed to the Cliffords of Tixall in Staffordshire, a younger branch of Lord Clifford's family, from which family Mr. Constable himself was descended by his mother’s side.f In pursuance of this entail, the estates of Scargill and Wycliffe, together with that of Burton-Constable, passed in 1821, to Sir Thos. Clifford, of Tixal, who took the name of Constable. This Sir Thomas Constable was originally Mr. Clifford, of Tixal, and he was created a baronet in 1814, at the special request of the late King of France, on his leaving England, to whom he had paid great attention during his residence here. On his death, the estates descended to his son, the present owner, Sir Thomas Aston Clif¬ ford Constable, who is a minor. It appears, therefore, that the family, now possessing the Wycliffe estate, does not inherit the blood either of the Constables, Tunstalls, or Wycliffes. The Scargill estate has accompanied the Wycliffe ever since Marmaduke Tunstall, of the former place, married the daughter and co-heiress of William Wycliffe, of Wycliffe. Mr. Tunstall’s lady lived with him at Wycliffe till his death in 1790, in a very secluded state. During her widowhood she resided in different religious houses; at one period at Cocken, in the County of Durham, and she died at Sales House, near Shipton Mallet, in * Mr. Todd sold the books jointly with some other libraries, by a catalogue published in 1J92 .—See Nichols' Lit. An. vol. viii. p. 753. f See the connexion of the families of Constable and Clifford in the annexed table. The present noble family of Clifford is a younger surviving branch of the Cliffords, whose ancestor, Fitz- Ponz, came in with the Conqueror, descended from a common an¬ cestor (Roger, Lord de Clifford, temp. Ric. II.) with the elder branch, the late Earls of Cumberland, who, with their ancestors, were Lords of the manors of Hart and Hartlepool for three centu¬ ries. See Sir Cuth. Sharp’s Hist, of Hartlepool , p. 21—45, with a table of pedigree of the elder branch of Clifford. The chief seat of the present Lord Clifford is at Ugbrooke, near Chudleigh, in the county of Devon. 22 MEMOIRS OF Somersetshire, in October, 1825, having survived her husband 35 years. The description of the residence of Mr. Tunstall I extract as follows:— . “ The beauties of Teesdale are nearly concentrated m the three contiguous parishes of Brignall, Rokeby, and Wycliffe. “ Wycliffe is the “ Cliff by the Water” an etymology strikingly adapted to the character of the place. Tew situations of a retired character can surpass those of the Manor-House, the parsonage, and the church of Wy¬ cliffe, in which all the unmeaning features of a level country are completely excluded, while the eye is limited to the banks of the Tees, which have not yet ceased to be deep and precipitous, and brows hung with native and luxuriant woods, which are only interrupted by masses of rock.”* Mr. Pennant thus writes. “ About half a mile from Greta Bridge, on the Tees, is Wycliffe, a new house, belonging to my worthy and respected friend, Marma- duke Tunstall, Esq. of the parish of the same name. The celebrated John Wycliffe, the proto-reformer, took his name from this place, being that of his birth. He bravely withstood the incroachments of the mendicant orders, at length attacked the tenets of the church of Rome, and had the good fortune to die in peace in 1384; leaving his bones for his adversaries to wreak their revenge on, 42 years after, by taking them up and bummer them to ashes.”— Pennant's Tour from Alston Moor to Harrogate in 1773, p. 44. Mr. Tunstall’s own description is as follows:— « My house is beautifully situated on the banks of the Tees, a romantic rocky river dividing this county from the Bishoprick of Durham, sometimes nearly destitute of water, and perhaps the very next day, rolling a rapid stream, breaking against the rocks, and rising in billows like a tempestuous sea. I am, you see, consequently on the northern verge of Yorkshire, about nine miles North * Whit. Rich. viii. p. 89/. MR. TUNSTALL. 23 West from Richmond, and about four South East from Barnard-Castle in Bishoprick of Durham.— Mr. T.’s Letter to Mr. Latham, M. S. I shall close my account of Mr. Tunstall with the following original letters of his, which have not been before published, furnished me by Mr. Bewick; and I take the opportunity of adding also three letters from Mr. Pennant to Mr. Bewick, as not uninteresting to the student of Natural History. Messrs. Bcilby and Bewick . Gentlemen, I duly received your’s of the 31st ult., as also the prints for the Lapland Tour * which demand my grateful thanks ; think them very finely executed, especially the birds, which are not peculiar only to the high northern latitudes ; the Kader is undoubtedly the Wood- Groose of Pennant, the Cock of the Wood of most authors, and lately, at least, existing in the highlands of Scotland, and called in the Gaelic or Erst tongue, Capercalley, is still found in several parts of France, Germany, Switzerland, &c.; the Orre is undoubtedly our Black Cock, though the tail is more curled than usually found in ours, probably an accidental variety, most likely the effects of age, as in those wild parts, they frequently arrive to a greater age ■ have heard observed here by sportsmen, that the tail grows more curled by age; the Inorypa is, I think, undoubtedly the Scotch Ptarmigan ; the Hierpe I am not so^clear about, but am apt to think it the Ptarmigan in its brown plumage. I approve of your idea of putting the Chillingham bull and cow into one plate, and that a copper one. I should like to have about sixty impressions taken off and sent me with the plate, when finished together with your account, which I will immediately discharge the’ amount of. Am glad you like the box engraving, it was intended for a cut in Ariosto or Tasso, and probably all in that edition were done in the same manner. The sooner you can compleat and send me the plate and impressions, the more you will oblige, Gentlemen, Your obedient and very humble servant, MAR. TUNSTALL. Wycliffe, Nov. 6, 1788. * This refers to “ Consett’s Tour through Sweden ,, Swedish Lap- land, Finland, and Denmark, in 1786, made in company with Sir Henry George Liddell, Bart, the account of which is printed in a thin 4to. volume by R. Christopher, Stockton, in 1789, with engravings by Mr. Bewick and his partner, Mr. Beilby. It contains three plates of the birds referred to by Mr. Tunstall, found at Tornao, in Lap- land, and one of the rein deer, with views of the midnight setting 24 MEMOIRS OF Gentlemen, .. « Am much obliged to you for the impressions you sent me, whic t are v”y well executed ; ‘the lion has a fine effect mh.{W the bear is very curious, I never saw the figure of it betore. Am tdso oWiged t^ on the account of the wdd cattle at T ei.rli’s of Lyme, have been told they were at Mr. bei,li s Hi.d .Leigh, also in Cheshire, but on enquiry found it » mistahe^ The cuts for me beg maybe done in the manner you think will have die best effect. Have no objection to what youpr^f for the plates being made use of in a particular account of them , bl ^ have collected many anecdotes about them, most of which I already communicated to you, and hope to be -ble to procure mor , nronose making up a small memoir, to send to Sir Joseph t San , thePresident of the Royal Society, of which Inna‘ it probably may be ready for the next winter, and should be sorpit should y be anticipated by the publication you mention; but afte that, it is of no importance. Remain Your obliged humble servant, * MAR. T UNSTALL. TVtirliife. Feb . 11, 1789, Gentlemen, I duly received the six impressions of the Chillingham Lull, on vellum they were rather relaxed and a little rumpled in the coin¬ ing the fi-ure is well engraved, and has much expression ; would have I think fifty impressions taken off, half with and half without the border^ail o/stroAg good paper; should be glad to have printed under them Bull of the ancient Caledonian breed, now at Uul- Unsham Castle, Northumberland. I understood by your last that both bull and cow were to be in one plate, which would have made the expense much less; can say nothing about the cow, till I know the price of this engraving, which I desire you will send me, as also of the specimens taken off, both on vellum and paper, which I will then send a note for the payment of. Remain till then Gentlemen, Your most obedient humble servant, Wycliffe , July 15, 1789. When will your work on quadrupeds be compleated? On again lookin" at the engraving, I think the shading of the muzzle rather too faint and there seems to be a white line straight down from the mouth • but this last may probably have happened in the.taking off, though observable in all; can it be meant to shew the foam ? sun at Tornao, the entrance into Upsal, and portraits of Sighre and Amcia, two Lapland women brought to England by the tourists, and sent back “ in comparative opulence,” to their native mountains by Sir H. Liddell. It is a work in some demand from its rarity. TM3E,mMSS ©S’ THE ©TMmTEMST©©, Quarterly / TUX STALL ]2 ('OXSTABLE Kj D'OTRJS a/sumeJ I by ('mstablc The fourth as the First 2 SC ARGIL .3 WYCLITF \ Plaice j Burt ox <, ('UMBERWORTH 7 LASeELLS B PhURAVLLLE brings /// 9 Kyme i lO El IRE brings in 11 ETtz Ethel 12 J.1ZOURS 13 Frrz Walter 14 Cmeyney 15 VESCY brings in 16. A TOX brings in 17 ] VESCY i« Fit z Jonx 19 17 is ox 20 JVEVII. brings in 21 Walt he of 22 OLnNEVIL 23\BlILME R 2 *\ Ribald 2.5 GLAXVILLE 26 Ward 27 Pl.EXKEXSOP 2H SCROOPS afBOLTOX brings in 29 Del A Poole 30 UAS TAX HE vel RASTIHGS WlXGFIELD Ttttoft Badlfsmerf. S CROOFF oft ' PS.4LI.and 35 WAXTOX Ci )t Ctjcall SLtforarp. * 1 ^- wm YiV v -'*' ■ CATALOGUE OF VALUABLE BOOKS & MANUSCRIPTS, LATE THE PROPERTY OF Sir F. A. T. C. CONSTABLE, Bart. (Of Burton Constable and, Aston Hall, North Ferriby, East Yorks.) Formed originally by SIR WALTER ASTON, First Lord Aston, Ambassador to Spain temp. K. James I. Ilk/' v ' t> c'> 7/>' /^.W rA>;? ti» jsm iM0 Y ?§J mm iif rati k<^X '4 k-'VV/Vr'X j$£$ Bags of Sale. First Day . Monday, November 6th . Lots 1 to 369 Second Day . Tuesday, November 7th . Lots 370 to 739 rJ 1 tss THE TIXALIj LIBEABY. CATALOGUE OF Valuable Moolis # JjJatttistrijjts LATE THE PROPERTY OF Sir F. A. T. C. CONSTABLE, Bart. (Of Burton Constable and Aston Hall, North Ferriby, East Yorks.) Formed originally by SIR WALTER ASTON, First Lord Aston, Ambassador to Spain temp. K. James I. COMPRISING A LARGE NUMBER OF Important fnglw|> Historical & ferate Manuscripts, INCLUDING An Illuminated MS. by Wm. Bowyer, Keeper of the Archives in the Tower, done for the Earl of Leicester; English Chronicles by Matthew of Westminster and others ; Fine Illuminated Hor^e and other Service Books ; Gospels and Epistles in Early Northern English ; Lydgate’s Story of CEdipus ; Ledger Book of St. Agatha s Abbey, Bichmond, co. York ; Three Fine Illuminated Heraldic MSS. ON VELLUM, BY SlR BEVILL SKELTON, TEMP. JAMES II; COLLECTIONS ON Family History, Visitations, Pedigrees, Ordinaries of Arms, Orders of Chivalry, etc., many from the Collection of John Anstis , Garter King-at-Arms ; Josephus in French, Verard 1492, printed upon vellum and ILLUMINATED ; COUNTY HISTORIES AND TOPOGRAPHICAL W ORKS ; aston ^>tate papers (Many unpublished); SECOND FOLIO SHAKESPEARE; A SERIES OF J. E. RIDINGER’S ENGRAVINGS OF WILD ANIMALS; ETC. WHICH WILL BE SOLD BY AUCTION, BY MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE, 3 btctx 0 tteerB of ^tiierarii ^properln & Wtorks xlloslratiiie of ilje Jnte AT THEIR HOUSE, No. 13, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C. On MONDAY, the 6th day of NOVEMBER, 1899, and following Day, AT ONE O’CLOCK PRECISELY. MAY BE VIEWED TWO DAYS PRIOR. CATALOGUES MAY BE HAD. DRYDEN PRESS : J. DAVY & SONS, 137, LONG ACRE, W.C. 519 Pennant (Thos.) British Zoology and Quadrupeds, numerous plates , interleaved with numerous MS. notes and additions by Marmaduke Tunstall , and numerous additional plates inserted , half bound, in 9 vol. uncut 4 to. 1781, etc. (|^|t/' ^ oi ' «v ' ' v —■" - — w /I*' w V I. V« ^ ’ 4^- m^OUud^UilhL^ ~ ^ . 'V^s : "JLftifcUitltkil- mda- w AcfltMr tct/idcL dhuOMt Quhlrmi * 1 ' f < lvt w (^I'Ullij^ (idJ (jf^JjAxb trfut> hanuacUdo ^iMtak.Or trfuo Qm tlfiUiauc (WA tf&lMteu (jutfarfu \ k a . 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Sol t UlltyC) - luuJrati JftivL $Ufic /t til ^(Jhuuuu^ IpQftfr/hi lA ( kdUfuau > it C uJr rl/Hx &uUmh Cm tyu/L _ iU uSfkpVDt lu i lkulm%m' fwn %Miut <^£i/j6 - * . 1 ■ • ‘ , J.L ,. to • PUJL fptk&h \ (cfifiymc m m UMLtobfin )}\CidaHi ohmstaL U\ (Shut cbhL- t hWfo ft IfUuiiAahb lit /&; — Jii^fiL' y /'' /, jCuiucL ly cui ttctyicuuj'cuia, (fu jmrt- « Muu^t kfoUuiv tycitot ftCffln ~ %t tAa Z e «& fcj 4 , «I k kiun,u tiTi I7GO t&*** tuc - Qurf lie lltuius cliett ul 1790 (luor uioSjuL fyjjiivL krftojttyt • ItfAutuuc, tfiiiL Luu&d'Mi "in-//it muuuii fruit IMUWWLUU u)flk /«V% Oufiti^iihuU.cpfi^ fcOefaMmvt** tiillwrL 4 27, *» * P ert of the annotated catalogue of birds, descriptive of the Tunstall m collections in that institution. (June 2nd., 1922. C.A.W.) 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I -Uh. ~Ki4/Gu) h The following are remarkable inftances of / Jj fecundity : At Pipe Hall, near Litchfield, a 7^ heifer of Mr. Weetman’s, which had never calved before, arid is only three years old, has . f//_ „ thJ/~)V / r I / rJo l brought into the world three cow'cah'es, which I are new. a week old, and quite healthy; and ' there is now a Cow in the parifh of Norton in J 1 the Moors, which has had 13 calves in four 1 years ; the fir ft year fhe had two, the next ( th:ee, and the two laft years file had lour each ^ year, all alive and heali hy hLt j^thc) (l ct/S) ififp ycry ^ 0. %to(jsy l odUcijt, lo jlmyjL 3# J hL Y't^ /<,JiW 2 4 ^ 4 ^<^ko ^Pc/Q/YjK 7 ' YU 7 *^ XA 74 H* h-ealfind, C dc -4 3 ? /C it cr, ci fc X «3 LL<_ jj (Jyyv^ixh^^cj yWn Ct_-,' a^\~<~ failltS Vi dAh 0-uJj J r hndL- (t dh^ aV^V~, ftruV* Art ! ff>iu have b-en palled under me Great vSea! of this kingdom, graoting the Deanry ot his Ma- jelly’s C thedral Church o; St. Patrick, in the eiocefs of Ardagh, to ttoe Reverend Charles Morgan, A. M. jfl Munich , April 22. The Supreme Council of Vicariat was opened on Monday lail with great folemnity. Tiie procefiion was led by the Ad¬ vocates/ Regi iters* and Secretaries, who »ere followed by the AlTeiTors, Baron Hovel, Count Thurheim, Baron Braun, MefTrs. von Wallow, (jy~C c^k~ ^fa 1 ’ /gtc^y [y ^ 3 f h r 'A'. / .' / . —. To \ 6?, A-' vv (fa)C O^CtA^ (xh I'h S : ’ 4 ?. * ,J j 1 I'Jffif || I ^, tx’ /^fcTjC C^.Y^CrLje < /T CVl^ - J h\A^c aJ 1S /v/> /I, 'jA h r krst'i 7 / 2 p t>/ / /Ji_ Ltzd /L h'- x /. I > LI. „ - / / i) i (JVTa/ 1 . $ /C ' | ; ^x ; i : || ' ^ 1 ~]J& 4 . Ccnro kwo cU~ ^ I'fCN fcdli T A1\x C'l\ j\/\rx T^kc^ j j/ hd~A.t- (yj” ^0 JAy cXk /i '‘r • ^ Trl (k i ^7^>vfev^. 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