AN ILll'STRATED SKETCH BOOK OF RILEY COUNTY, KANSAS, THE ''JBlize JElzbljoTi Cozzixty, )) COME AND SEE US. MANHATTAN, KANSAS. Published Jan. 1881, by THE NATIONALIST, a Weekly Republican Newspaper, ALBERT GRIFFIN, ED. f, te^ld to cCiVQalf«poWs usuasljy.s^nt out. State: of the annual exhibJ(!ioil of ''I'h^lBluo^iid '. .'if siich a'fi,aper suits ; Kansas Valley Poultry and Pet Stock Assoc'ia- posted upon the drift of aflairs in "the skirmish- line State," you can send your money or a post- office order lo ALBERT GRIFFIN, Man/uitian, Kansas. _ ,'feaper suits you, plate' CO niin^\Wst some day, or wish to keep tion," and of the annual fairs of " The *lue and Kansas Valley Agricultural Society." In these various organizations almost every subject of interest to the husbandman is discussed — and generally with intelligence— for itisundoubted- P '>3 5*^ The State of Kansas. " Four hundred miles long, two hundred miles wide, four thousand miles deep, and as high as the stars," is Hon. John A. Anderson's descrip- tion of Kansas — the "Central State" of the Union. Called into existence by the act re- pealing the Missouri compromise, its cradle was rocked alternately by bor- • i< • i uffians and free-soilers, who, by rill ]ia:htof burning cities and cabins, for ■ ) ' for the possession of the young ch'.i'i. How the contest ended is a matter of history; and, as is not unu- sual, when the right triumphs, even the defeated faction ultimately became more than reconciled to the result. This bai^tism of fire and blood in in- fancy was but a prelude to the civil war it hastened, and in which Kansas took so active a part. The records show that Kansas furnished more vol- unteers, in proportion to her popula- tion, than any other State ; and that a larger proportion of their bones wore left in Southern sepulchres. Since "Johnny came marching home" she has, if anything, occupied even a still more prominent position than before in the eyes of the Nation, and, during the past ten years, in spite of the financial crash, drouth and grasshoppers, has grown faster than any other State has ever done. In 1870, her population was 364,399 and in 1880 it is 996,616. In 1870, her prop- erty assessed for taxation amounted to $92,528,990.83 and in 1880 to $160,570,- 761.43. In 1870, she had 2,068 public schools, against 6,215 in 1880; children in attendance 63,218, against 124,084; and the value of school buildings in- creased from $1,520,041.40 in 1870, to $41,633,044.71 in 1880. The increase in a few agricultural products from 1874 to 1880— kindly furnished by Maj. J. K. Hudson, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture — is as follows : FARM PRODUCTS. 1©74. 1875. Winter Wheat... Kye Spring Wheat — Corn , Barlev Oats.". Buckwheat Irish Potatoes... Sweet Potatoes.. Sorgliuni Castor J5eaiis Cotton Flax Hemp Tobacco.: Broom Corn Millet and llungariau Timottiy Meadow- Clover Meadow. Prairie Meadow. ■.f 5,794, t 2S1). i 1.837, 12,2S3, 329, 4,064. I 170. ; 1,247. 249. ; 540, I n-1. I ■"■ 205. llti. I 29. 123, C)25, 252. 21.5. 1,421, Total.. 008.00' 117.00 603 00 142 00 4SS.00 424.00 499.00 .■^17.. 50 211.00 338.00 005 00 (;57.00 704 00 ,.')()0.00 ,384.00 ,317.00 ,781.00 ,817.00 ,756 00 ,746.00 $ 9,457,5.-)9. 862,953. 1,892.816. 19,07 l.(i98. 1.004.295. 2,396,257. 236,201 . 1,415,763. 300.884. 1,149,030. 388,813 29,780. 475,455 315.906 21,001. 579,655. 1,113,326, 170,466. 107,621 2.980,405, 1S76. $10,286, 1,442. 2.126, 19,217, 882. 2,707. 79. 2,674, 202. 839. 281, 15. 617. 79, 77. 452, 1,237, 129. 68, 2,103, 942 34 054 70 ,.■^38 55 ,332.24 590.00 736.51 032.37 264 90 432 69 147.02, 191 99 ,979 40 437.63 ,260 68: ,432 90 ,524 85 ,588 99 ,093.43 ,754 95 ,660.25 1877. 1878. f 9,002,508. 806,092. 2.577.620. 20,200,184. 582,977. 2,050,001, 46,380. 2.050.078 201,928, 1,195,065, 578,350, 10,159. 305,875, 99,453, 53,083. 634,414, 1.705,583, 225.202, 107,302 2,432,000 20 $15,058, 81 810 521 2.782, 92! 17,018. 502, 2,937, 08, 1.683 224. 106. 44,8. 424! 29, 40. 602, 1,782, 302 13/. 3,157 ,406.8- ,602.41 ,599.9, ,968.7! ,260.3:- ,900.6: ,742.51 ,9:^6.0, ,846.0 ,783.2- ,618.:W ,792.36 ,770.,"<8 ,244.40 ,933.10 ,458.76 ,555.30 ,241.52 ,154. 4n ,557.81 1879. i;io,087, 2i>4, 2,361, 26,562. 360. 3,397. 37, 2,177. 197. 1.224, 766, 3, 022, 3:!, 55, 283, 2,042, 483, 152, 3,017, 403.09 ,103.60 ,307.45 ,674.46 ,046.00 ,416.::J3 ,175.84 ,564.. 55 ,407.29 ,656.57 ,143.:^7 ,023.06 ,256.02 ,472.78 ,675.35 ,330.13 ,275.72 ,812.15 ,503.95 ,472.42 ••i;a9,920.734,00 $43,970,494.28 $45,581,926 39!$45,597,051.2l|$49,914,434.3i^j $60,129,780.73 The actual increase has been greater than these tables indicate, for it com- mences in the period of high prices and ends just when they were lowest. Increase in Live Stock. LIVE STOCK. 1874. Horses .f 10,391.633 Mules and Asses 1,388,142 Milch CoWS.f iqi9d97^ Other Cattle. ( i l^.'^4-2(.j Sheep 16H,67ti Swine 2,073,174 Total .f 27,746 898 1875. if9,875,245 1,622,660 5,747,215 2,187.862 247.501 2,077,871 1876. 1877. 1878. ifll 814 6i)5;.$13,266,4't0!.^16.467.00(' l.H49.470! 2 283,960| 3.042.300 6,363,672! 7.325 9761 7,442.266 9.467.000 10,386,920' 12,423,242 351.706 513.975 731,280 2,642,840 ! 5.638,8961 6,094,724 1879. 1880. .117,537.364 $19,849,806 4,158.480 4,664.240 8,964 540 15,706,632 1.091,517 7 586,964 9.899,280 17,968.128 1.492.722 7,689,780 $21,758,356 ,$32,489,293 $39,4l6,167|$46 210.812:.$55 045.497 $61,563,956 Kansas is the most intensely radical State in the Union — using the term radical in a non-partisan sense. She exemplified this trait during the "early days " by the earnestness with whLeh she struggled against slavery and re- bellion ; and in the later days, she marches as directly upon the enemy's works as then, and strikes as strongly from the shoulder. Believing it best for all concerned that every lamily should have a home, her constitution expressly exempts a homestead from sale under execution. Despite this wise provision there are, and always will be, some who know not where to lay their heads, but the number is much less than it would be if every Shylock were permitted, in all cases, to exact his pound of flesh. Knowing that ignorance is a misfor- tune to individuals and an injury to communities, her laws imperatively command all having control of chil- dren to give them a certain amount of schooling. Of course, there will con- tinue to be those wlio will not know enough to come in out of the wet, but they will not be as numerous as they would be if the strong arm of the law did not reach forth to compel unwilling parents and guardians to feed the minds as well as bodies of the children coinmifted to their charge, Kealizing that iutcmiierance is a ter- rible evil, and that it could not exist but for the custom of dram-drink- ing, slie has decided that no man sliall have a right to make a business of pan- dering to and extending a habit that causes so much misery and crime. To make assurance on this jwint doubly sure, she has just added to her consti- tution a provision that reads: "The manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors shall be forever prohibited in this State, except for medicinal, scien- tific and mechanical purposes." JnO State has ever taken such a step before, but he will not prove a i)rophet who predicts that no other State will dare to follow where Kansas leads. That the measure referred to will put a stop to all drinking and drunkenness no one believes, but it will unquestionably di- minish the vice and the number of sa- loons it sustains, help to make the business of drunkard making disrepu- table and the practice of dram drink- ing unpopular, (thus diminishing the temptations that beset the pathway of the young,) and tend to draw to this State an increased proportion of tem- perance men and women. Of course, no State could make such truly wonderful progress as Kansas has done wnthout the possession of great physical advantages and attrac- tions, but the character of a people is of more importance than that of the soil. The love of liberty and devotion to principle, directness of purpose, un- daunted courage and indomitable per- severance that started so many of the pioneers to this State, and sustained and gave them the victory over so many discouraging circumstances, were the same qualities that enabled the early settlers of New England, to make their steril States chief seats of wealth, intelle(;tual activity and social culture. Probably Missouri has greater "natural " advantages than any other State in the Union, but the Bourbon- ism of her population has so retarded her progress that, although she has had nearly fifty years the start, her young sister is even now but slightly behind Character of Kansas People. her in wealth and population, and ahead in everytliing else that is cWsira- ble. This matter is referred to here, sim- ply because the question " why Kan- sas has grown so " cannot be correctly answered if it is ignored, and because the saliejiteliaracteristics of the people they will have as fellow citizens is one of tlie most important points to be con- sidered by men seeking new homes for themselves and families. As a rule, a wide awake, pushing man will prosper most, financially, be best con- tented and develop most rapidly men- tally and morally, in a community of kindred spirits. Such men, acting to- gether, will succeed even among rocks or sands, and when nature helps will, as they have done in Kansas, astonish the world. But, besides being inhabited by a really superior class of people, Kansas has unusual natural agricultural ad- vantages. The soil of the eastern third of the State cannot be surpassed in depth and richness by that of an equal extent of territory in any State of the Union ; and, although it grad- ually becomes thinner and lighter as the great plains are approached, even the most westerly counties have what would almost anywhere be called a good soil. The climate also is mild, healthful and invigorating, and farm- ers can work out of doors more days in the year than anywhere east of the Mississippi. It is true that Kansas is subject to occasional drouths. The rainfall is not as great here as in some localities — but there are many who know that too much rain is as hurtful as too little. By reference to the meteorological ta- bles, printed further on, it will also be seen that our most abundant rains come in the seasons of the year that thej' are most needed, viz: sjDring and summer ; and it is a well known fact that our soil can stand drouth better than that of most eastern States. The statistics of production published in this work demonstrate that the rainfall has been sullicient to produce good crops — and it might be jjertinent- ly asked hoiv much more does a farmer need? It must also be remembered that the climatic conditions of Kansas and their influence on vegetation are just beginning to be understood and regarded. It has only been since the panic that they have been carefully studied, and, even if the prevalent opinion that they are steadily changing for the better is not well founded, the increase of knowledge must lead to in- creased certainty, and still greater suc- cess in agricultural operations. We do not wish to be misunderstood, and thei'efore repeat that this country is subject to drouths which materially di- minish crops and sometimes almost destroy them ; but she does not suffer as much from that cause as many sup- pose, and this drawback is not as seri- ous as some with which other sections are afflicted and from which Kansas is exemi)t. The chief inducements offered by Kansas to farmers from the Eastern States are the superior character of her lands ; their present cheapness and prospective rapid rise in value"; the healthfulness of her climate for both man and beast; the moral, intel- ligent and progressive character of her peoi)le ; and the high character of her schools, churches and social elements. To the townsman she offers, upon this foundation, openings in almost every line, in rapidly growing communities, where the steady increase in popula- tion is of itself suflticieut to insure a good business, in a short period, to com- petent parties. 10 Eiley County Riley County. To be an average county in such a State as Kansas would be very credit- able, but to take rank as the best in a competitive examination is an honor that belongs to none but Riley county. • She is emphatically and truly "the blue ribbon county." Last winter the Western National Fair Association offered a premium of $1,000 to the Kansas county making the fullest and best general display of its products at its Fair to be held at the celebrated Bismarck Fair Ground in September last. The exhibition was a magnificent affair, exceeding any- thing ever before seen west of St. Louis. Eight counties entered the list of competitors, and the "Blue Ribbon" was awarded to Riley county, not only by the unanimous vote of the judges but by the universal testimony of the spectators as well. Throughout the vast crowd the name of Riley county was in every mouth. Everywhere one went, questions and remarks were overheard such as "Have you seen the Riley county display?" "Isn't that Riley county exhibit wonderful? " "I never saw anything equal to it!" "The cornstalks were not spliced, for I examined them carefully joint by joint!" "What beautiful stone!" " The Riley county stock display al- most equals that fi-om all the rest of the State! " " What an infinite vari- ety of things there are in the Riley county department, and how tastily they are arranged ! " Pages might be filled witli admiring comments, and it can be trutlifully said that Riley county bore the same relation to its competitors at the Bismarck Fair that Kansas did to other States at the Centennial. We copy the following account from the report made by W. C. Johnston in The Nationalist : As many of your readers are doubt- less aware, the Blue & Kansas Valley Agricultural Society decided, about three weeks since, to compete for the premium offered by the National Fair Association at Bismarck for county displays. After much discussion in the Executive Committee, and a great deal of discouraging encouragement by the citizens generally, a few of our society people set to woi'k distributing circulars, asking our farmers to send the best specimens of their vegetables, fruit, stock, plants, etc., for the pur- pose ; and, in addition, the Society's representatives made personal solicita- tions through the county. As time wore on, our good people became more patriotic, li'om the enthu- siasm of those directly engaged ; and the influx began of flowers, fruits, veg- etables, and innumerable questions, that required the almost constant time of our genial treasurer to answer. The irrepressible Levi Woodman was se- cured to gather the goods in; and, on Wednesday last, two car-loads of the vegetable productions of Riley county were shipped to Bismarck. Prof. Henry Worrell, of Topeka, had signified his willingness to make a de- sign and superintend the construction of the exhibit ; and, to the chaste beau- ty and richness of his design, we are largely indebted, in securing the atten- tion of the throngs who passed con- stantly from Tuesday morning until Saturday night. The building used was four hundred feet long by twenty-six feet wide, and fourteen feet high. Each county was assigned a si)ace on one side only, of forty feet, and allowed to pile up its goods six feet from the wall, thus leav- ing a passage way of thirteen feet through the center of the building from end to end. Beginning at the west end, Wyandotte county had the south side ; next came Montgomery. At this point broad doorways were cut through the sides of the building. East of tlie doorway was the exhibit from Cherokee county. On the Jiorth side, opposite Wyandotte Mas Linn county, then Douglass ; across the doorway, Riley, then Clay. * * * Coming again to our own county, we enter the south door in the center of Bismarck Fair Report. 11 the building and are confronted by the seventy-five feet of Moorisli arches, surmounted by a blue ground bearing yellow stars t'and the words, " Riley County." The name and stars were created with finely cut straw, which our girls cut for us at the Coliseum, while their escorts were discussing watermelons and what to wear at the fair. First, came flowers beautifully arranged on Avix-e stands, and rising in an immense pyramid nearly to the roof. These were the representations of our many beautiful collectious in Manhattan. The jjlants numbered about one hundred varieties. In front, on a convenient shelf, were found thirty-three varieties of the native woods of our county. On shelves, ei- ther side of the window, were piled jellies and preserved fruits, the product of the adept hands and educated brains of Riley county's talented housewives, possibly assis'ted by their comely daughters. There were of this condi- ment only one hundred and thirty- seven varieties. In the same section were samples of Avines, honey, silk cocoons, butter, cheese, sorghum, buck- eyes, seedling apples, horseshoes of polished steel that add to the go of Riley County's flying steeds — the hand- iwork of Mr. Hays. These beautiful specimens of skilled labor were much praised and admired by the lovers of the equine. The third section contained one hun- dred varieties of apples, twenty of pears, twelve of grapes, nine of peaches and pawpaws, and the celebrated Bluemont plums which Dr. Blachly has cultivated to a high degree of i^er- fection and beauty, derived, as the name indicates, from the lofty bluff north of town. Against the wall, were suspended tiles of the six countv pa- pers ; viz., Nationalist Enterprise, IndustriaUst, Gleaner, Independent, and Telephone. These were approijri- ately surrounded by twenty varieties of grasses, in bundles, wreaths and festoons. \Ve interpret this as a shin- ing light that the intelligence of Riley county i)ermits to illuminate her wild surroundings. Our newspapers were flanked on the one side by a specimen of sod corn from the prolific valley of the Wild Cat, measuring thirteen teet, planted June 1st, and harvested in September. On the other side, were two massive columns of the beautiful white maguesian limestone with which our blufls abound. This was cut and built, by the Ulrich brothers, of JNIan- hactan stone, lime and sand ; and, as some of our friends explained, would have been moistened with the limpid waters of the Blue only that we lost our barrels. The next divisions were occupied by Dr. Blachly 's elegant collection of stuffed birds and animals, and con- tained eighty-eight specimens of birds varying in size from the small and beautiful humming bird to the nuijestic American eagle. Of the animal kind, there were shown seventeen specimens, the smallest a mole, the largest an an- telojse. We leant that a number of these were bought by the State Uni- versity. This was a center of attrac- tion to an eager throng, aitd vied with the vegetable department next to them in which was a card with the words, " Hancock 84," "Garfield 94," while a small green one above, whiclt had evi- dently not attained full growth, was la- belled "Weaver." These names, of course, were applied to the mamntoth squashes on which the cards were hung. Some of our English cousins, of the nabob variety, who accompanied the Forney Excursion, could only ejaculate in wide mouth wonder, " Wliy, it beats Co vent Garden." This aggregate of vegetables was simply wonderful, and contained the following vatieties : Squashes, eleven ; pumpkins, four ; Osage orange, one ; growing cotton, one; castor beans, one; radishes, five; okra, one ; horse radish, one ; Russian sunflowers, two ; beets, eight ; toma- toes, three ; kohl rabi, two ; potatoes, Irish, sixteen; potatoes sweet, five; turnij)s, fiv« ; asparagus, two ; carrots, three ; parsnips, one ; egg plant, three ; peppers, six ; watermelons, two ; musk- melons, two ; cabbage, four, etc. Some of otir competitors were unkind enough to ask if we had any vegetables left in Riley county. They were in- formed that, if they were short in dis- play of samples, we would spare them a few carloads. In the next section were samples of twelve varieties of corn, from the di- minutive poj) corn to the long sixteen foot stalks that our exhibitors said could be most easily gathered with a step ladder, or utilized as lightning rods. Twenty-six varieties of wheat ; five grades of flour from tl\e Purcell Elevator Co.'s Manhattan Mills, cheap enough to please the most miserly and fine enough to tickle the palate of an epicure ; two varieties of Indian meal, fottr samples of soft, creamy, white bread of the flour from the above mills ; buckwheat, two varieties ; growing millet, six feet high ; barley, one ; rye, three ; oats, six ; beans, six ; white clover, one ; peanuts, one ; rhubarb, three ; chard, one ; watermelons, pump- kins, squashes, etc. This is about what space our show was expected to cover ; and at this 12 Bismarck Fair Report. point we suspended operations on the cedar festoons which we had lavishly decorated, and began stringing green and red apples on wires for the contin- uation of our large and, we thought, handsome line of home grown products. On the posts we jjlaced samples of growing sorghum, corn, broom corn, grape vines, Osage hedge, fruit trees, etc., showing enormous growths, or large fruitage. Some of our incredulous visitors asked us how long our huge squashes had been growing and were answered, a period of tijue varying from a few months to two and a half years. When we had filled about twice'our allotment of space and placed cards bearing the legend " Riley County" on each post, in a conspicuous location, we began sorting articles in the annex as we called it. This was in many respects a reproduction of tlie former in kinds, only that our grains, fruits or vegeta- bles were shown in other forms, and with additional kinds or varieties. That you may get an idea of the com- pleteness and the care which had been exercised in getting everything of its kind, we enumerate without regard to number, the following, as taken from our inventory : Tobacco, millet, cotton, grapevines, hops, artichokes, potatoes, onions, rice corn, six varieties soft peach, apple, plum, catalpa and other trees, showing in most cases remarka- ble growths, hay, brick, box elder, ash, hemp, and forest tree seeds, such as oak, walnut, hickory, redbud, buckeye, &c. Sonie of our neighbors had the cheek to insinuate that we were for- tunately located near enough to the Agricultural College, so that we had a heai-ty assistance from their experi- mental groves, grains, &c. To this, of course, we entered a denial. Others gently intimated that the Railroad had kindly collected our samples along the line, and that they liad used discrimi- nation fovorable to our county. This latter was so ridiculous that it caused a rii)i)le on the placid features of the deniz 'US of Riley. Adjoining our buildhig on the north were forty coops (jf poultry, many of which bore red or blue ribbons. Sev- enteen of the fine horses, sixty choice hogs, thirty-two head of cattle, added to the laurels we bore triumphantly away. A complete list of the awards in this part of our display cannot be given as it has been impossible to see a large number of our exhibitors, many of whom are at Kansas City, Burlin- game, etc., in quest of further honors. As an evidence of wliat was done it mav suffice to say tliat Bill & Buruham secured the first premium on Kansas herd, C. M. Gifford receiving the sec- ond, while his two year old bull re- ceived the honor of a red ribbon over the crack herd of Potts of Illinois. C. E. Allen received fourteen ribbons on Poland China hogs, several on chickens etc. Rollins, Corbett, Marsh and other exhibitors of jjoultry were equally fa- vored. In fact, all who made exhibits from Riley county came home bearing blue and red trophies of the competitive contest. The notoriety our exhibits made as- sisted our people to make good sales of their products. For examijle, Mr. Al- len tells us he sold pigs, at prices vary- ing from $15 to $25. Others, no doubt, did equally well. To those who worked early, late and persistently, the credit of our success is, in a great measure, due ; and they should have the thanks of the people of the entire county, and no doubt they will. Some ludicrous scenes were en- acted during our competition wiiich served to enliven the time, and relieved us of the monotonous task of answering all the questions that human ingenuity could suggest. For example, we were asked if we did not receive aid last spring, "Where is Riley county?" "Can you sj^are us some seeds?" " Are these the same goods you exhib- ited at the Centennial ? ' ' and so on ad infinitum. Charges of every conceivable kind were made by our unsuccessful com- petitors ; viz., that the exhibit was collected from the College farm ; that it was a railroad collection, extending from the Blue river to the moimtains ; that the goods were shown at the Phil- adelphia exposition , etc. We had some one of our number always ready to en- lighten the multitude, and to the latter accusation, simply replied that the goods M^ere as good in quality as in quantity and variety, as no other com- petitor could show vegetables and fruit which had kept equally well ; tliat the goods might also be prehistoric ; were exhumed in 1854 at the county organ- ization, and would be again exhibited at the next Centenjiial. One enthusi- astic gent from the classic shades of Manhattan, lustily informed the crowd of curious seekers of knowledge that the " Banner county was equallc;d only in beauty, productiveness and fertility by the Garden of lilden." Our reviling rivals were informed tliat peoi)le, not nature made the county ; and that if, fortunately, the intelligent, enterpris- ing people of Riley county laad settled among them, their county would have been made the thing of beauty that ours is. A number of gentlemen, and some Bismarck Fair Report. of the beauty of this locality, industri- ously circulated a brief description of tlie blue ril)bon county, so tliat its loca- tion, topograpliy, advantajj^es and wauts are to-day at the firesides of tiie wliole countiy. Tliat one of the prime motives of tlie j)rojectoi's will attain its full fruition is already evidenced by the numerous letters received, aslving the price of land, and seeking other channels for investment in our midst. A correspondent of the Kansas City Journal, in the course of a full descrip- tion of the display, says : When it is remembered that Riley county is eighty miles west of Bis- marck Grove, the enterprise of its citi- zens must be commended for a display, so vai'ied and large that there are still unopened forty crates of fruit, twenty crates of grain, there being no need of a larger display than that already opened. The credit of the whole of this splen- did exhibit is largely due to the Blue and Kansas Valley Agri(niltural Socie- ty, of which W. C. Johnston is Secre- tary. Full justice could not be done to the Riley county exhibit without a more extended notice of tlieir superior entries of stock. The splendid sliowing which this county has made at this fair will do much toward bringing in the immi- gration which they so greatly desire. The Blue and Kansas Valley Agri- cultural Society, which was mainly instrumental in w'orking up their tine exhibit, is composed of an energetic number of men who are determined that the manifold advantages of their section of country shall be made known, and its unbounded resources developed. They want thousands of farmers and stock raisers to settle in their county, where land is compar- atively cheap, where their unlimit- ed water power offers facilities for fac- tories of various kinds. Their exhibit of farm products and of fruit bear witness to the truthfulness of their claim, as to their fruit and grain raising capabili- ties. But their special ambition is to i:)lace themselves first in rank as stock raisers. A correspondent of the Chicago In- ter-Ocean commences a three-column description of Riley county as follows : Much has been said, through the press and by railway advertising, in regard to the wonders of Kansas as a grain and stock-producing State. Of- ten, very often, the articles were pen- ned by men who were by no means familiar with their subject, and rather 13 overstepped the limits of truth in their vivid but interesting descriptions. Now, it is iiot fiction, however plaus- ible it may be, that the immigrating pul)lic want regarding this or any otli- er Slate, but facts garnered with care, veriticd l)y ac-tual observation, and au- thenticated l)y individual research. Such will your corrt s|)on(k'nts end(;av- or to give in tlie following review of Riley county, whicli, everything con- sidered, is the peer of any county in tlie State for tlie investment of caj^ital or the establishment of a western home. A glance at the map will show the admirable situation of this beautiful tract of land. In tlie very center of the two great valleys of the' State —the Kansas and the Blue— but little over one hundred miles west of the Missouri, possessing within its limits the laud most suitable for agriculture and stock producing, a never-failing water pow- er, creeks, springs and brooks, the finest quality of limestone in the State, a good material for brick, and many advantages yet to be enumerated, it is but little w^onder that her energetic people CARRIED AW^AY THE PREMIUM, offered by the Western National Fair Association, at their first annual fair, held at Bismarck Grove, Lawrence, for the most complete display of the prod- ucts of a county in agriculture, stock, minerals, building materials, etc. All visitors at tlie great exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, will remember with what wonder thej- gazed at the excellent display of the agricultural and mineral products of this great State ; but when we noted the pre- mium exhibit mentioned, and Jiad the pleasure of visiting daily their fair this week, and seeing added to the above their magnificent herds of thorough- bred stock, w'e concluded that those M'ho admired the Centennial display only compassed a part of the sources of wealth to Kansas. Many other counties have as rich soil as ours, but none richer. Some have less bluff land, but they do not have our splendid stone. None are healthier, and some less so — especially in the southern part of the State. And the history of the past seems to estab- lish the fact that, in the superior char- acter of our population we more than make up for all supposed deficiencies. In the pages which follow the special characteristics of Riley county will be 14 Location, Water Courses, Eto. set forth, and the attention of all seek- ing homes in the west is called to them. Care has been taken NOT TO EXAGGERATE. It is not claimed that this is a Para- dise. It is not true here that "if you tickle the earth with a hoe it will laugh with a harvest." It takes labor, aud a great deal of it, to secure a crop. The farmer who wants to make money by sitting in his easy chair, should buy a ticket for Utopia instead of Manhattan — but those who are satisfied with a fair return for well directed effort will do well to "look at our lands before purchasing elsewhere." LOCATION. Riley county is bounded on the north by Pottawatomie, Marshall and Wash- ington counties, on the west by Clay and Davis, on the south by Davis and Wabaunsee, and on the east by Wa- baunsee and Pottawatomie. It is lo- cated about one hundred miles M'est of the Missouri river, and is the second county south of the Nebraska line. As near as can be ascertained, it is the ge- ographical center of the United States, and is therefore justly entitled to the appellation "Hub of the Universe," which has been arrogantly appropriated by a town on the coast of Massachu- setts called Boston. WATER COURSES. The Kansas river, the second largest in the State, runs through the southern portion of the county; the Big Blue river — the largest stream of clear water in the State — separates it from Potta- watomie county on the east; Swede, Fancy, Baldwin, Mill, Tuttle, and Pfeil creeks flow into the Big Blue; Deep, Wild Cat, Seven Mile, Three Mile and McDowell creeks empty into the Kansas; and Timber creek runs in- to Davis county and the Republican river. Nearly all of these streams have branches, and there is no quarter section from which one of them cannot be reached by a few miles travel. Springs are abundant, and well water is obtained in most cases at a depth of about twenty-six feet on the river bot- toms, and from thirty to eighty feet on the uplands. ELEVATION AND AREA. Manhattan City is 926 feet above the level of the sea, and the highest hills in the county exceed this some- thing over two hundred feet. The county contains 394,880 acres of land, of which between 75,000 :and 100,000 are under cultivation. The State Board of Agriculture estimates the bottom lands at twenty per cent and the upland at ^ghty per cent. There is not an acre of swamp land in the county. CHARACTER, SURFACE, SOIL, ETC. Along the Kansas and Big Blue •rivers and Fancy creek are broad belts of nearly alluvial land, varying from half a raile to four miles in width. Along the smaller streams the width of bottom land is considerably less, and it diminishes as they are ascended. THESE BOTTOM LANDS must be seen to be appreciated. No mere sketch can do them justice. The late lamented N. C. Meeker, the founder of the Greeley (Colorado) Colony said, some years ago, that there was not an- other valley in the world, of the same size, which, in point of beauty and ag- ricultural wealth, could compare with the valley of the Kansas river. It is the boast of Riley county that a goodly proportion of her territory is of these and similar unsurpassed bottoms. On the east, the Big Blue river passes to the north along almost the entire length of the county ; on the south it is inter- sected east and west by the Kaw val- ley ; the north and south centers of the coujity are again intersected by beauti- ful valleys of the Fancy and Wild Cat creeks respectively, and their tributa- ries, w^hile the valleys of numerous smaller streams cut the county in many different directions. But we do not wish to be understood as asserting that these bottom lands are in any marked degree superior to the upland pi-airieS. We are simply presenting the matter as it strikes the immigrant and visitor; but it is only justice to say that there Is not a single point of advantage Character of Soil, Etc. 15 claimed for the "bottoms" which is not as strongly claimed for the upland prairies, THE SOIL of the bottom lands varies greatly in depth, as does its chemical composi- tion and physical characters. This soil — meaning by this term the dark, friable, superficial stratum or strata, largely of organic origin, to wliicli this term is generally ajiplied — is often ten and fifteen feet in depth, and some- times no more than two or three feet ; but, most commonly perhaps, it over- lays the subsoil to the depth of four to six feet. But the chemical and physical character of this soil deserves more particular mention. Let it be under- stood that our Kansas soils, are not of that greasy, pasty character peculiar to the Ilhnois and Indiana prairies, which soon reduces sidewalks, fences and even houses to the somber color of the soil. Our Kansas soils while very rich in decomposed organic matter, are abundantly supplied with mineral ele- ments, sand and clay, to say nothing of the rarer minerals, which makes them really strong loam lands rather than muck. A chemical analysis of these soils, made some time ago at our Agricultural College, shows them to be peculiarly rich in those rare elements of fertility, potash and phosphoric acid, the proportions of these often being two or three times greater than those ordinarily found in the best eastern soils. In proof of the wondrous fertili- ty of these soils we need only cite to the practical farmer the fact that, after they have been farmed twenty or more years, according to a s\'stem which has for its object simply and alone, to draw from the soil the largest possible crops without replacing it with any form of fertilizer, the idea of man uriug has not yet forced itself upon the farmer. In some cases a predominance of sand gives looseness to these bottom lands ; in others they are tough and tenacious, from the presence of clay, and agam it is often difficult to distinguish which of these elements predominates. They are nearly always well di-ained, and consequently hold their moisture in the hydroscopic form, and resist the effects of drouth in a manner quite be- yond the comprehension of those who have had no experience in farming in Kansas. For the production of the great staple — corn — they are nowhere excelled, and the only wonder is that their improvement has not gone on with even greater rapidity than it has, THE UPLAND PRAIRIES. These bottoms are flanked on cither side by bluffs that are sometimes both rocky and precijiitous, and it is a com- mon mistake of writers and tliose not fa- miliar with the country, to suppose that all the land back ft-om the streams is of this character. In actual fact these bluff lands usually extend but a short distance, and, as one passes away from the streams, they rapidly give place to smooth and level or gently undulating prairies, the very perfection of farming lands ; so that our bluff lands, while occupying a very prominent position in the landscape when the observer is traveling along the Kansas Pacific railway or the water courses, in reaUty cover an inconsiderable portion of the country. These bluff lands, however, are far from being waste lands; they are covered during the summer season with the sweetest and most nutritious grasses, excellent sijrings of the best water burst from their sides at frequent intervals, and the well wooded ravines wliich frequently intercept them fur- nish the most perfect shade and shelter for domestic animals. The day is not far distant when the bluff lands of Riley county will be occupied to the last rod as pastures — excepting the por- tions devoted to orchards and vine- yards. The soil of the uplands is similar to that of the bottoms, with the exception that it generally contains more clay and less sand. Crops on the high lands are less often injured by frosts than are those on the low lands, and are also less often damaged by the wet spells that sometimes afflict even Kansas. They, however, suffer more from drouth and winds. Value of Land. VALUE OF LAND. River bottom lands can be purchased at from $8 to $40 an acre, but it is safe to say tliat, within ten years, they will command from $50 to $150 an acre. First class upland can now be pur- chased at from $3 to $20 an acre, and blufl land at from $1.25 to $8. All of this land is rising rapidly in value and much of it will soon quadruple in i^rice. There is also a small quantity of bluft" land still open to entry under the Homestead law. We do not, however, advise non-residents to buy land here or elsewhere, simply as a matter of speculation. Fortunes are sometimes made in that waj', but, as a matter of fact, take the nation over, much more has been lost than made. Landed property, like all other kinds, needs the constant oversight of the owner. The "speculator's" land is very apt to be robbed of its timber, fencing, etc., unnecessarily cut up with roads, as- sessed at high rates for taxation, and, in case of litigation, the s^'mi^athy of the community is against the " foreign laud shark." But the actual farmer avoids many of these dangers, and, be- sides obtaining an income from year to year, can in this section at least, be sure of an increase in the salable val- ue of his property, during the next few years, that will be so much extra gain — amounting to from one hundred to one thousand per cent on his original investment. FARM CROPS. Corn — Is the staple product of this section of Kansas. In this part of the State it is a sure crop. Of coui'se, it does better some years than others, but even in IStiO, the jnost disastrous season 'ever known here, some farmers made about half a crop. With fair cultiva- tion the yield— taking the seasons through — averages from thirty to sixty bushels to the acre. It sometimes goes as high as eighty bushels, and has been reported as high as one hundred. Choice land, with really good cultiva- tion, will average from fifty to eighty bushels to the acre. Wheat — Does fairly well on new ground for two or three years — produc- ing from fifteen to thirty bushels to the acre. After that it is generally consid- ered an uncertain crop, but we have a few farmers who raise good crops al- most every year. Bye — Is a sure crop, and yields well, but is sown mainly for fall and spring ♦ pasturage — for which purpose it is gaining in favor. Oats — Vary greatly. Some succeed with them admirably while others do not. We^put them down as, at present, an uncertain crop. Barley — Often yields a large crop, but it is hard to save it in a first class condition. Buckwheat — Does well, usually, when the curing season is favorable, but there is not a great deal raised. Tame Grasses — In consequence of the abundance of the native " blue stem," covering the unbroken prairie, which makes excellent hay, but little attenti(m has been paid to tame grasses, until within a few years. Hungarian and millet both do well, and a large quantity is now raised. Alfalfa and orchard grass also do well, and Prof. Shelton, of the Agricultural College, has had good success with red clover. We incline to the opinion that if our native meadows were top dressed, occa- sionally, they would yield more hay than do most tame grasses. Irish Potatoes — Are in quality from fair to very fine. During favorable seasons they yield heavily, but the late varieties are considered uncertain. It all depends on the weather — the rain- fall. Sweet Potatoes — Are a good quality for this far north, and yield well, and the crop seldom fails. Sorghum — Is a sure crop, and quality good. The impetus lately given to sorghum by the success of the attempt to make sugar from it has been felt in this vicinity, and the quantity raised is increasing rapidly. Broom Corn — Is another sure crop, immense quantities of which are raised farther west. Agricultural Products. 17 Tobacco — Does well, but not much is raised. Castor beans, hemp, artichokes, and a great number of other articles have yielded well for a crop or two, but have not been tested sufficiently for us to feel like making any positive state- ments in regard to them. Silk. — The mulberry tree is a native and does well, and silk worms are re- markably healthy and productive. No one here has gone into silk raising as a business, but the experiments made prove that it can be done successfully. In Franklin county, a Frenchman, named 31. de Bossiere has, for several years, made it profitable. He says that Kansas ought to become a great silk producer. VEGETABLES AND MELONS. Vrgetablcs. — Cabbages, tomatoes, on- ions, turnips, beets, squashes, a^g plant, pie plant, cucumbers, peas, beans, celery, radishes, carrots, pars- nips, sage, and a great variety of other kinds, do well in good seasons. Melons. — Watermelons, muskmel- ons, nutmeg melons, cantaloupes, etc., usually do well, and are of fine quality. FRUITS. Nearly all the fruits usually grown in this latitude, do well in Riley county. We sometimes have late frosts in the spring that greatly injure the fruit crop, but it is very seldom, if ever, that all kinds are destroyed by frost in the same season. Many people j^lant fruit trees and get little or no fruit, and then blame the country when they are themselves at fault for not taking care of the trees. Apples — (irow thriftily and bear pay- ing crops when varieties are planted that are suited to our climate. Some of the best varieties are : for summer. Early Harvest, Caroline, Red June, American Summer Pearmain and Sweet June; autumn. Maiden's Blush, Lowell, P^ameuse and Gramar's Pearmain ; winter, Rawles' Genet, Winesap, White Winter Pearmain, Jonathan, Ben Davis and Domine. PeoA^— Have not proved as profitable as apples, being more liable to be killed by frosts in spring, but a few varieties, as the Bartlett, Louise, Bonne de Jer- sey, Flemish Beauty and Seckel often yield good crops, and are well worth planting. PfdchcK — (irow well and yield large crops about two years out of five, or when not killed by cold weather. Plums. — The Miner and some varie- ties of our wild plums are well worth cultivating. The finer kinds of gar- den plums are not generally satisfac- tory. CArrr/ex.— Early Richmond, English Morello, and others of the Morello fam- ily are grown to a considerable extent. Orctpes. — Almost sure to yield pay- ing crops every year. Very seldom an entire failure. Among the best vari- eties for general cultivation are Con- cord, Dracut, Amber, Hartford, Dela- ware and Catawba. Straivberries — If thoroughly culti- vated through the season and protected by a light mulch in winter, usually yield paying crops. The kinds that have generally given satisfaction are Hovey's Seedling, Wilson's Albany, Charles Downing, and Kentucky. Blackberries. — The Kittatinny and Snyder have proved hardy and good. Easpberries. — Of the blackcaps, the Mammoth Chester and Doolittle have proved hardy and good, and Davison's Thornless does well when in larotected situations. The Turner does the best of the red varieties. Goosebei'i'ies. — Only seedlings of our native gooseberries, as Houghton and Pale Red, or American Seedling, have proved worth}' of cultivation. Currants. — Our summers are rather hot and dry for currants, but if planted on the north or east side of a stone fence, will often do very well. Indeed, it can be safely said that al- most all kinds of small fruits do well. GENERAL REFLECTIONS. In regard to agricultural crops, veg- etables, melons, and fruits, it is safe to say, in general terms, that everything does well liere that comes to perfection anywiiere in the same latitude and al- titude east of the Rocky ]Mountains, and does not need a humid atmosphere. 18 General Beflcctions on Crops. In our specifications we have been timber. careful to keep within the bounds of The most abundant native woods, truth and soberness. The usual cus- are : Cottonwood, oak, elm, black wal- tom is to claim the largest and best nut, soft maj^le, hackberry, box elder, crops as a fair average, but we do not hickory, locust, ash, linn, coffee bean, care to deceive any one by raising false sycamore and mulberry — about in the expectations, and have erred, if at all, order mentioned. These, and many in underrating, rather than overstating other varieties, grow very rapidly, and the yield and quality of crops. Riley any one who buys a prairie claim, can, county is not a garden of Eden, but within a very few years, have all the farming, properly attended to, by those wood he wants, provided he will spend who understand it, has been profitable a little labor in planting trees — or tree in the past, and, for reasons given fur- seeds — and protecting them until they ther on, will be more so in the future, get a good start. In three years stove It is but fair, however, to add that a wood can be raised, and in five years, large proportion of the failures of the some varieties Avill be as big as a man's past twenty years have been the result leg. of a slipshod style of farming ; of un- meteorological. dertaking to do something without Our winters are usually mUd. About anything to do it with ; reckless ex- ^^^ year in ten ice does not form more traVagance ; and of efforts to farm by than three inches thick, but, most sea- men who know nothing about the sons, there are one or two spells during business. Many men try to cultivate which ice from tour to seven inches fi-om- sixty to one hundred acres apiece, thick can be housed. The heat of sum- and invariably raise less, especially in ^er is tempered by breezes from the untavorable seasons, than they would mountains, and sultry nights especial- if they did not spread themselves over ly ^^e rare. During much of the so much land. Some, with no money, spring and autumn, the temperature is stock or tools, and with but Uttle ex- ^'^^l^y dehghtful. It has a soothing perience in roughing it, have gone onto ^nd, at the same time, exhUarating in- bare land, and undertaken to farm Huence on the human system that can- with bare hands. Others spend all ^'^^ ^^ described, and must be lelt to their profits and more on expensive ^« appreciated. The unenjoyable fea- machines, to remain exposed to all tures of the climate are the liabihty to kinds of weather, until they rot or rust sudden changes, and the strong spring out. Another class " want to own all and lall winds. It is the almost uni- out doors," and consequently have no ^'^I's^l testimony of those who have money to invest in stock, the raising lived here a year, that we have a really of which is the most profitable branch delightful cUmate, and it is certainly of farming. And still another class, ^i^t surpassed anywhere east of the (and a large one, too) the members of Rocky mountains. The meteorological which do not know a plow from a cul- ^^^^^^ ii<-'Pt at the State Agricultural tivator, not only undertake to make a t'ollege snows that, during the past living by farming, but refuse to learn twenry years, the temperature for the anything except by experience ; and tlitlerent months has been as follows : when they have failed, either curse Januarv "'^""^3 ^T'' Kansas, or go around growling that i^euruury oS.M "farming doesn't pay." Here, as ev- Marcu 41. a4 erywhere else, men need not expect to April .w.uy , ' ,, , ^ , XI ■ May bo.ul succeed unless they understand their j ^^^^, --^ ,jy business, and conduct it upon business July /U.4U principles. Here, as everywhere else, Augusi ii.Z'ii the most successful farmer is the man tteptember tJT.oU , , • 7 7 1 , . n. J October 06A6 who uses his /icaa as much as his hands. is'ovember 40.27 December 29.27 Meteorological. 19 Kansas has the reputation of being a drouthy country, au 6.761 5.02 5.65 4.16 12.71 8.48; 3.92 4.91; 3.78 4.49 Julv 4.82 Ausust .70 2.43 5.2l! 4.25 5.32 1.64 .25 1.40 8.76 2.781 2.1)6 1.61i 8.51 3.2s September 3.50 .5.72 1.83 4.571 1.92 5.70 1.85 4.00 2.85 3.111 1.52 3.22 4.30] 2.53 3.27 October .91 2.51 .43 5.06: 1.20 2.76 4.20 .22 1.04 1.61: 9.07 1.06 2.63 2.20 2.13 November .49 2.17 1.19 .131 1.96 .82 2.12 .34 1.75! 1.90 1.90 7.83 1.97 1.66 December .... .57 26.50 .81 24.12 .52 28.22 .45 21.19 .35 29.76 .95 35.78 1.67 .67 .78 .. .! 1.55 .91 .62S .90 Total 32.89 18.66 17.98 43.341 43.79l39.il 36.131 The year 1875 was much dryer in the immediate vicinity of Manhattan than in any other portions of the State. It has long been tiie prevalent OY^in- ion that the amount of rainfall increases with the increase of the settlements, but this we are inclined to doubt. It is, however, unquestionably true that it is more evenly distributed— that is, there are more frequent, but lighter, rains. Because of this feet, and the increased amount of j)lowed land, a much greater proportion of the rain soaks into the ground, and the springs and small streams do not go dry as often as formerly. The experience of the eastern States that are being de- nuded of their timber is exactly re- versed here, and, as more orchards and shade trees are planted every year, and the area of cultivated land is constant- ly increasing, it is safe to assume that the climatic conditions will continue to improve in the future. LIVE STOCK. All the counties west of Riley have a herd law, and, in consequence, are not so well adapted for stock raising. More native cattle are shipped from Manhattan, than from any other point on the Kansas Pacific railroad,''^ and this interest is steadily increasing. Our farmers are devoting themselves more and more extensively to the rais- ing and feeding of stock, and it will not be many years before we will buy more stock food than we sell. Many of the highest priced beef cattle bought in the Kansas City market have been purchased from Riley county. PACKIXG HOUSE NEEDED. In this connection we wish to say that there is no better point in the country than Manhattan for the estab- lishment of a large packing house, to run summer and winter, and pack both cattle and hogs. An immense number of animals are raised in this immediate vicinity, and we have direct railroad connection with all the sources of sup- ply as well as tlie various markets. Ice, labor, and everything else that is needed, can be procured in abundance at low rates. THOROUGHBRED CATTDE. The raising of first class beef cattle is very profitable, but bl(joded stock is more so. Our farmers are rapidly dis- carding scrubs, and confining them- selves to grades and thoroughbreds, 20 A Thoroufjlibrcd Stock Center. and there are now so many breeders of note in this vicinity that, everywhere, Manhattan is recognized as "the blooded stock center" of Kansas. Messrs. Bill & Burnham, C. E. Allen, A. W. Rollins, C. M. GifFord, Wm. P. Higinbothani, J. J. Mails, C. E. Mails, J. J. Lovell, Geo. T. Poison, J. C. Neal, Ex-Gov. N. Green, Short Bros., Gen. Caseniejit, E. Huse, S. A. Sawyer, W. Marlatt, the Agricultural College, Hon. Welcome Wells and other breeders, have estab- lished such a reijutation that stock men from other parts of the State are preparing to locate in this neighbor- hood, because of the well known fact that, where the most and best breeders live, there the largest number and best buyers go. Blooded stock is now ship- ped from this county to all i)arts of Kansas as well as to Colorado, Texas, Missouri and other States, and the de- mand exceeds the supply. The most of our herds are small but they are rajjidly increasing in size. There is, however, still room tor a hundred or two more breeders. Such a concentra- tion would bring a more than corres- ponding supjily of purchasers, and thus increase the profits of all. In consid- ering the advantages of this county for stock raising purposes, the fact that the State Agricultural College is located here must not be overlooked. It does much to elevate the tone and aspira- tions of farmers hereabouts ; the Pro- fessors are of great service, in the way of giving information and advice on mooted points, and every student car- ries home with him glowing reports of the stock he has seen. Attention is also called to our railroad advantages tor shipping jjuri^oses. The most of our thoroughbred cattle are shorthorns — some of wliich are of the finest strains — and there are also a few Jer- seys, Devons, Galloways and Holsteins. It seems to las that more attention should be paid to the latter breeds and the Herefords, Ayreshires, etc. No one breed possesses all the good points, and, as thoroughbred stock increases in popularity, the demand must increase for all breeds especially fitted for certain purposes. SWINE. There are few vStates in the Union whose hogs are as uniformly good as are those of Kansas. It is a common remark of traveling men tliat they have not seen a poor hog in the State. In swine, as in cattle, Riley county is far ahead of all competitors. At the great fairs, at Bismarck Grove, Kansas City, Topeka and elsewhere, our exhib- itors generally carry away the most of the premiums. Nearly, if not all of the cattle breeders heretofore named also raise pure blooded hogs, and there are many others besides. The races are Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chester Whites, Essex, New Jersey Reds, etc., but the first two largely predominate. There seems to be no end to the demand. And, in view of the su^jerior healthful- ness of Kansas stock, we feel confident that our hogs will always command the highest prices. HORSES AND MULES. The climate of Kansas is unsurpassed for the production of first class horses and mules. Our dry, bracing atmos- phere is just what is needed to develop muscle and lung power, and it has al- ways been noted that, in this State, horses are unusually free from disease. Unfortunately, when Kansas was first settled, Indian ponies were so cheap that they came into general use, and long delayed the introduction of larger breeds. Of late, however, the improve- ment of our horse stock has been quite rajDid. Good stallions are now becom- ing common, and a few men are col- lecting fine brood mares for the purpose of making a business of horse raising. Gen. J. S. Casement (one of the Case- ment brothers who ironed the Union Pacific railroad) has a large farm near Manhattan that he is stocking for this purpose ; and others are talking of do- ing the same thing. It costs no more to raise a horse, after it is foaled, than an ox ; and it can be sold for double the money. When carried on by those who understand it, the business must be exceedingly profitable, and we feel Horses and Mules. 21 confident that it is bound to develop very rapidly. Already horses have been jnirchascd in tliia vicinity to be shipped to England, and the time is not far distant when Kansas horses ■will ttecoiue noted tlie world over, Ibr sound- ness, speed and endurance. We urge educated liorsemeu to investigate this matter, with perfect assurance that they must become satisfied that no other section offers equal advantages to tins for the raising of No. 1 horses and mules. SHEEP. As yet, Kansas has not gone largely into sheep, and this industry has been somewhat in disrepute, because of the fact that a number who tried it failed. But, in every such instance that we know of, the loss was occasioned by the fact that unacclimated sheep were brought here by men who knew no- thing about them, and then turned loose, without shelter, and sometimes without food, to winter themselves as best they could. Whenever properly selected and attended, to sheep have done remarkably well, as will be tes- tified to by the Winkler Brothers, of Winkler's"^ Mills, Geo. Lyle, Riley Center, W. F. Vance, Grant P. O., H. A. Stiles, Pavilion, and others. As yet, they have been attacked by no dis- ease except scab, which is easily cured. The dreaded toot rot, and mouth and lung diseases are. unknown. Sheep increase with wonderful rai^idity, twins being common, and triplets not un- usual. Those who make it a business say there is more profit in sheep than in any other kind of stock, and the number of flocks is steadily increasing. To those who understand and like sheep — and are willing to give theni the care they need — we say unhesitat- ingly, you can make as much money in that business here as in any other locality on the continent. |POULTKY. All kinds of poultry do well in Ivan- sas, and quite a number of gentlemen in and about Manhattan are devoting themselves to the introduction of \m- proved breeds. There is, however, still room for more, especially in the line of turkeys, geese and ducks. During the greater ]>art of the year, jioultry and eggs bring good prices, and the rapid development of the mountain mining region causes the demand to increase fainter than the supply. JNIore attention should be paid to this department, for there are few things that are more profitable. The raising of poultry should be promoted to the dignity of a regular business, instead of being treated as an insignificant adjunct of farming. p]ven with the small atten- tion paid to it, the exjiort of eggs and poultry from Riley county is immense — and rapidly increasing. BEES, During the past few years bees have been introduced, and have been re- markably successful. The swarms in- crease rajiidly, are very healthy, and already honey, of good quality has be- come an article of exjjort. STONE AND LIME. The bluflTs that skirt the Big Blue river, and also those on either side of the Kansas, for a few miles east and west of ^lanhattan, contain the hand- somest and best stone in the State. It is a magnesian limestone of a beautiful grayish white color, and is easily worked. It retains its original color well, does not crumble, and will take a high polish. Some of it that has been in buildings for twenty years, has un- dergone absolutely no change. It is found in layers of from two to thirty- six inches thick, crops out along the sides of the bluflTs, and sometimes covers their tops. It is largely used for building and fencing, and a consid- erable (juantity is shipped to points east as far as Kansas City, Mo., and west as far as Salina. Xd county in the State has as much stone l"ence as Riley — and as our ground never heaves, these fences when properly put up last for ages. There are also more stone houses in Riley county, in proportion to its population, than in any other county. Superior lime is made in this county, and large quantities are shipped from 22 Stone and Lime. Manhattan. In addition to the com- mon article, a finishing lime is also made, that is equal to the hest Alton lime. This business is steadily mcreas- ing, and bids fair to become an impor- tant item. OUR RAILROAD SYSTEM. After all that can be said against railroads and their management has been adniitted, the fact still remains that they are a good thing. Indeed, they may be said to have become a ne- cessity. Many illusions in relation to them have been rudely dispeled of late ; they are cursed from early morn, 'till dead of night, but, nevertheless, no one would consent to their annihilation. The great problem before the people to- day is how to deprive their managers of their power for evil without too great- ly diminishing their capacity for good— but that is a subject we shall discuss in The Nationalist, not here. In most sections of the Union, at the present time, there is absolutely NO SUCH THING AS COMPETITION between railroads. Occasionally there is a fight, for a short period, between two or more roads, but it is usually to "compel a division," or to enable a strong concern to cripple or gobble a weaker rival. In Kansas that phase is about passed. All our roads are now controled by two combinations, viz: the Jay Gould syndicate and the Atch- ison, Topeka & Santa Fe combination ; but EACH OF THEM has a road in Riley county— and what- ever benefits can flow from that fact will accrue to us now, and will contin- ue to do so, for each one of these syndi- cates controls hundreds of millions of capital, and can neither be broken down nor swallowed by the other. We have no railroad center, but one of our roads passes through and the otlier terminates at Manhattan. These lines are both in the southern part of the county, but the Junction City & Fort Kearney road runs near the western boundary, the Central Branch of the Missouri Pacific near the northern line, and the Kansas Central terminates at Garrison, just across the eastern line. About one-half of our people live with- in five miles of a depot ; three-fourths within ten miles, and nineteen-twenti- eths within fifteen miles. When the Manhattan, Alma & Burlingame road is extended up the Blue (as it certain- ly will be before long) none of our farmers will be twelve miles from a depot. The combination of various roads under one management HAS ITS ADVANTAGES as well as disadvantages. They can be run more cheaply and can, and some- times will, do a portion of their busi- ness at less rates than they could under the old plan ; rolling stock can be in- terchanged more easily and thus some- times vexatious delays be prevented ; and freight and passengers that pass over two lines can often be transferred with less ditficulty and delay. Indeed, it makes all the connected lines virtual extensions, with the exception that a change of cars may be necessary. The roads running out of Manhattan, or running in connection with them, pass through EVERY COUNTY IN THE STATE that has any considerable settlement, except Lincoln. The Gould roads pass through forty-seven counties, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe roads through forty-three counties. Our bus- iness men thus have unsurpassed facil- ities for reaching all parts of the State, with their products, or to buy from others. INIoreover, each set of these roads connects with a network of other lines running in every direction and connecting us with all parts of the Union. The lines controled by what is known as THE GOULD SVNUTCATE comprise three vast combinations, viz : 1. The Wahdxh, Si. Louh d- Pacific, whicli owns an intricate system of lines from Toledo, Ohio, to the Missouri river and connects with Gould's Kansas roads, but does not enter the State. 2. The Union Pacific, from Omaha, Neb., to Ogden, Utah Territory. It has three lines in Kansas, viz ; the *S'^ Joseph and Wei[ontana Territory, and another is under way fin- Portland, Oregon. Negotiations are also pending for the consolidation of the Fnion Pacific, Central Pacific and Southern Pacific of California. 3. The Missouri Pacific, which runs from St. Louis, via Kansas City, Leav- enworth and Atchison to St. Joseph, Mo., has lately purchased several Kan- sas roads, viz : The Central Branch Di- vision of the Missouri I'acitic which runs from Atchison through Nemaha, Mar- shall, Washington, Cloud, Mitchell, Osborne, Smitli and IMiillijis counties, with Itranches into Washijigton, Re- public and .lewell counties. A l)rancli from Holden, Missouri, runs through Miami county to Ottawa, and is to be extended to Burlingame or 'I'opeka, or both. From Sedalia, Missouri, a branch of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad runs, via Fort Scott, to Parsons, in Tjabette (M>unty, where it connects with the main line that runs from .Junction CJity — twenty miles from Manhattan — in a southeasterly direction, througli Morris, Lyon, Cof- fey, Woodson, Allen, Neosho and La- l)ette counties, to Denison, Texas. Arrangements have already been con- summated for extending it to a connec- tion with the Southern Pacific and also to Laredo, on the Rio Grande, and probably to the city of Mexico itself. The M., K. & T., and its branches, are now called the Kansas and Texas Di- vision of the iSfissouri Pacific. The above is a mere outline of some of the principal roads controled by these vast comliinations, all of which are run in harmony with each other. There is nn jarring or rivalry between them, for they are all controled by the same master mind. THE A., T. & S. F. COMBINATIOX. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company was organized under the laws of Kansas, and commenced business with a road about sixty miles long, from Topeka to Emporia. It has gone on building with steadily increas- ing rapidity, and is now probably the second largest railroad combination in the world. Its main line runs from Atchison and Kansas City, via Tope- ka, to Puelilo, Colorado, and El Paso, in the Rio Grande Valley, on the border of Mexico. It has charters from the Mexican government, under which it is building on to the City of Mexico, and Guaymas, on the Gulf of Califor- nia. It has effected a combination with the St. Louis & San Francisco, which has a road in operation from St. Louis to Vinita, Indian Territory, and to Wich- ita, in this State, by which it gets a land grant enabling it to build from a point on its main line in New Mexico to San Francisco, and the surveys are 2i Th« A., T. 6c S. F. Combination. now being prosecuted. In Kansas, its main line runs through or into Atchi- son, Jefferson, Jackson, Douglas, Shawnee, Osage, Lyon, Chase, Marion, Harvey, Reno, Rice, Barton, Pawnee, Ford, Foote, Sequoyah, Kearney and Hamilton counties. A branch rims from Burlingame, in Osage county, through Wabaunsee, to 3R(nhattan, in Riley county. From Emporia a branch runs south, through Greenwood and Elk counties. From Florence a branch runs west, through Marion, McPherson and Rice counties, and another south into Butler county. From Newton, a branch runs south, via Wichita, through Cowley, to the south line of the State, with another branch to Wellington, in Sumner county. This Company is also in friendly relations with the Kansas City, Lawrence and Southern, and the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf roads that run through Johnson, Miami, Franklin, Anderson, Linn, Bourbon, Allen, Neosho, Craw- ford, Cherokee, Labette, Montgomery, Wilson, Chautauqua, Elk, Butler, Cow- ley, Sedgwick, Sumner and Harper counties. The stock of the above named roads and that of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, is owned by sub- stantially the same parties ; and at the date of this writing arrangements are being perfected for their consolidation into one grand company. The Chica- go, Burlington & Quincy folks own a large number of lines in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Nebraska, and, within two or three years, this combination will have a continuous line from at least as far east as Chicago to two or three ports on the Pacific. One result certain to SPEEDILY FOLLOW this expected consolidation of these in- terests is the extension of the Manhat- tan, Alma & Burlingame road from Manhattan up the Big Blue river, to Beatrice, where it will connect with the Nebraska system of the C., B. & Q. A road-bed is already graded on twenty-eight miles of this route, and six miles of it is ironed. In addition to the general reasons calhng for a con- nection of the two systems by a cross road is the fact that it will give the Nebraska roads a direct line to the nearest coal fields, greatly reduce the cost of running them, keep a cer- tain and lucrative trade to themselves, and transform an unprofitable branch into a paying road. OUR REASONS for going into details about railroad matters, is, that our section offers great advantages for carrying on certain lines of business^ that require connections with distant markets, and we wish to impress upon all the fact that we can ship east, west and south by direct lines, and soon can to the north also. So long as the present railroad system continues, our section will suffer no more from its defects than every other locality, and when the laws of the land properly limit the power of corpora- tions, we will be benefited as much as others. LTnder neither system will we be deprived of our advantages, and the only probable change will be a change for the better. THE BARGE SYSTEM. During the past few years the system of floating barges, loaded with grain and other heavy and bulky products, down the Mississippi river to New Orleans, has been rapidly developing, and it will ultimately reach enormous proportions. It has also been tried with success on the Missouri river, from Kansas City to St. Louis, and bids fair to soon become an established business. Before the days of railroads, steamboats repeatedly ascended the Kansas river as far as Manhattan, and we are strongly inclined to the opinion that the barge system will some day be appUed to the Kansas river, at least as far up as ]Manhattan. The river is al- ready dammed at Lawrence, for man- ufacturing purposes, and, within a few years, dams will also be built at Topeka and other points. This will ensure a sufficiency of water at all times, and, by means of locks at the dams, the river could be easily and safely navi- gated. This is one of the possibilities, if not probabilities, of the future, which will give us direct water transporta- tion to the Gulf. The railroad situa- The Barge Sygtem. 26 tion is awakeniug the country to tho healtiipulnkss. necessity of improving our water-ways. Kansas is unquestionably a liealthlul That much will be done is certain, and country, and Kiley county is, in this the only question in doul}t is as to liow resiiect, surpassed by no other sec- general the movement will become, tion of the State. It is also improving In our judgment, the next twenty-five from year to year, for the malarial dis- years will seetiie internal water trans- eases incident to the opening up of a portatiou of the United States increased new country, are steadily diminishing, from ten to fifty fold, with an almost it is not, however, asserted that Kan- corresponding increase in the number sas is an earthly Elysium in which of utiUzed water-ways. " sickness and sJrrow^, pain and death, QUALITY AND COST OF BUILDINGS. are felt and feared no niorc." Peoj^le In consequence of the superior char- ^" ^^^ ^^^k here oftenerthau they wish acter and cheapness of our stone, lime *« (especially when they violate all of and sand, the buildings in Riley county ^^^^ ^^^s of life) and our cemeteries average well in quality— and this is es- P^ove that they sometimes die. What peeially the case with those erected ^^'^ ^^^'^^ is that the proportion of sick during the last ten years. The follow- People (and, consequently, of deaths) ing figures will enable mechanics to ^^ smaller in this section than in most estimate the cost of building in Man- ^^■^^^' P'*i'*» o^ *^® Union, and that hattan— and the figures will not vary ^^^^ ^^ *^e most fatal and loathsome much in other parts of the county : diseases are either unknown or uncom- ,. , „ ^ ^0. ,-,^ <,« mon here — and that because of the Excavating for cellars, .etc., per yard, !|:.lu(^^ .20 , Stone— ilolivered— per perch m@ .50 climate. Dr. H. S. Roberts, of Man- Brick — ijer thousand 6.50(a) 8.00 !,,++„„ i„+„ r* „ -^ j. n ^i tt Pint lumber— framing— per 1,000ft.. I8.oorgt2o.oo rattan, late Jr'resiclent ot the Kansas ^S do M('^^Z St^te Medical Association, has fur- siding do 18. 00(^00. 00 nished US the following statement upon feuciug do 1S.OO(((,21.00 x, . i • j. x , • , Walnut lumber 45.oo@-5.oo t^iis subject, to which we mvite care- Oak lumber ^ r^,^^^,'^! f"! attention : Shingles— per thousand 2.50® 4.00 Lath . "^o . r • , '^-^^ In the strict sense of the term there Plastering— including materials— per ,, .^. ,. ,, .» '^"f^"' van! .35 are no " prevailing diseases ' ' in this Painting— two coats— including paint locality. The malarial influence how- per yard ..,-,,,,, '^^^ "^^ ever, pertains and shows itself with al- Sand— per load— (about 2o bushels) de- 1^ xf .■ . ^ xicn^xi »iiucia liVered . .25 "^ost every aflTection to a greater or less extent, but during no season for a num- w AGES. ^jpj. Qf yenrs has there been ague to any During the past year wages per day considerable extent ; so that life, on our have been about as follows : ^i\^f bottoms, at the present time, doea not become equivalent, as formerlv, to Masons and stone cutters ?2.oo@2..50 one or more attacks of malarial fever S"nterf'^"■^. :::;.. ::::;:::;:;;:l5o each year of typhoid fever, the Plasterers 2.00 cases are so few, and those imported as Painters H^!^^-~l *» make the general rule that it doea Blacksmiths . , I.a0(aj2.00 „„+ ^^.4„f Axn^ii.^ +k^,.„ i i ^"cb Tinners '2.00 Dot exist. W hile there have been occa- Wheeiwrights i.50@2.oo sional cases of diptheria, it has never Two-horse team and man 2.oorfl.2.5o swept as au epidemic. Cascs of nneu- '^::^f". ::;.;:::::::;;;;::::::;:::; • '^2:00 moma, erysipelas and spotted levir are Dav laborers 1.25 occasional, but rare. On account of ^' ""•■■""» -;l^|-nn *^e altitude and the prevailing drv at- w!;s;;;!™!^n ■::;:;:::::;;::::::: :?ll{:oo mosphere, this locality is attracting, Farm iiamls- i)er month 14.00^.18.00 and should attract, persons in incipient House servants-per week ^ i.50'*:i.oo consumption to a residence which al- ^^S^^^r^r':^.^::::::::::::-''-^'^^::^ xnost citaimy means theWS^g of ^ ^ „ . , that disease in its first stage. For per- In a few cases, for special reasons, gons aflected witii nasal catarrh our higher, and in others lower, wages are wanters are usually rather severe, on paid. Masons can work out of doors account of our having from one to tliree from two-thirds to three-fourths of S'l^nffor^oH \'l.^o"''?f ' i ^^.^f^ ^^^^^^ ,, . ,. -r. J • ... -1. not SO afieeted, the attack of influenza their time. Board m private famdies ig easily thrown oflf, rarely resulting in ranges from $3.00 to $4.00 per week. serious disturbance. Diarrhoea and 26 S'incidc (Old Homicide. dysentery are easily liaiidled, while Asiatic cholera and sni all-pox are uu- knowu in our midst. SriCIDE AND HOMICIDE. Every year thousands of eastern peo- ple coni)nit suicide and scores of thous- ands are killed by their friends. It is well known that the climate of the eas- tern states is almost certain to develop the disease of consumption in all who have a tendency to it ; and that recov- ery from it there is impossible. But, nevertheless, myriads of people who know that the seeds of consumption are in their systems, and that their germination is only a question of time, refuse \a) heed the teachings of common sense, which command them to seek a home in a climate that strengthens the lungs instead of weakening them. With the chances ten to one against them — and their own lives the stake — they recklessly bet on the exception, or despairingly dig their own graves. To wilfuly close one's eyes so as not to see a danger known to be but a few steps ahead — to deliberately deceive one's self— is idiotic folly ; and to give up without a struggle is cowardice. There is not an honest physician living who will not say to every person with con- sumijtive tendencies, "the most sensi- ble course for you to pursue is to re- move to a more congenial climate 6e- fore the disease begins to develop in you;" but, nevertheless, hundreds of thousands refuse to take the advice, or wait — and wait — and wait — for a more convenient season, that never conies, or comes too late. It is bad enough when the lives en- dangered belong to the fools who in- sanely take the risk ; but, unfortunate- ly, there are millions of helpless women and children who are chained to [xjsts of danger by the husbands and fathers who control their actions. 1 1 does not help the matter to say that the victims are not aware of their dan- ger, or do not know that there is a pos- sibility of escaiie. The responsibility rests upon the head of tlie family, and he cannot shirk it. If, knowing his wife to have a tendency to consump- tion, a husband — because of supposed pecuniary interests — keeps her where that disease is almost sure to carry her to an untimely grave, when, by a re- moval to another locality, the chances in her favor would be greatly increased, he by that act sells her life for the hope of gain. When a father, knowing that the taint of consumption is in his chil- dren's blood, keejjs them where they will be in the most danger, instead of taking them where they will be safest — and does this because he thinks he W'juld lose money, or some other object of desire, by a change — he thereby sells the lives of his children. Of course, most men do not realize this ; but their obtuseness does not alter the facts. The person who, being able to prolong or save a life committed to his keeping refuses or fails to do so, is responsible before God for the unnecessary or has- tened death ; and no plea of business interests will change the facts. KORTrXATKLV, a realization of these truths, and of the folly and wickedness of disregarding them, is gradually permeating the minds of even the most fossilized. In conse(£uenc8, of late years, people are more generally selecting homes with reference to health ; and of those who are already diseased a still larger pro- portion are removing to localities where their enemy will have the least possi- ble advantage over them. TO EASTERN CONSUMPTIVES we say : If you dread cold weather, make Florida your home. Its warm equable climate is just the thing for you. But if, when not sick, you enjoy cool weather, we say unhesitatingly, come to Kansas, and it will do you good. Our dry, bracing atmosphere is very strengthening to the lungs ; and, while ])reserviug or recovering health, you can also make money and enjoy life. We cannot, however, leave this branch of the subject without urging those with tendencies to any fatal dis- ease not to wait until it has developed, even in its inci2:)ient stages. In this matter an ounce of prevention is worth a whole ton of cure. And we wish also to add that we do not chaz'ge that New For Fjdstcni Consu/nptives. England is, in general, an unliealth- ful section for those wliose lungs are sound and in whose families there is no trace of the dread disease. A RELAY HOUSE. At present, C'olorado is the great central resort for invalids, and its pop- ularity will increase as years roll hy. Many, however, are injured by going there without making a stop on the way. The elevation is so great that a too sudden transition sometimes results fatally. Invalids would freciuently find it much to their advantage to spend a few weeks in Kansas on the way. De- cidedly THE BEST COURSE is to come to some such place as Man- hattan, remain a few days or weeks, or months, then purchase a team and trav- el the rest of the distance in easy stages camping out at night. If an agreeable party can be made up and a tent or two procured, so much the better. With your own conveyance you can travel where you please and when you please, and at the end of the season will have saved money, even after having sacri- ficed, heavily on the team and camp equipage which should be brought back to the point of dei^arture, for sale. SANITARIUMS. There is no better place than Man- hattan, in all Kansas, for the establish- ment of hospitals, hygenic institutes, etc. It is accessible by rail, from all directions ; its climate is good ; it is ele- vated but not too high ; the surround- ing scenery is the most magnificent in the state ; there are fine drives in every direction ; two rivers tempt the boatman and fisherman; there are numerous churches ; and the com- munity is unusually intelligent, moral and cultivated. MANUFACTURING. We can well remember when many Kansans, even, laughed at the idea that there would ever be any consider- able amount of manufacturing done in this State. "We have neither water power nor coal, in workable veins," they said, "and, without them, what we do will have to be done by hand and horse power." But they were mistaken— that is all. Kansas has both, and the day is coming when she will be nearer the front than the rear rank of manufacturing States. And it can be added that, as in njost other resiiects, so in this, Riley is surpassed l)y none of her sister counties. WATER POWEIi. Josiah Copley, formerly a Ilegent of the Agricultural College, and now a resident of Pittsburg, Pa., was, we be- lieve, the first one to call attention to the fact that the Kansas, Big Blue and Republican rivers are remarkably constant streams. Even when many of the creeks which flow into them are dry on the surface, the rivers are not greatly reduced in volume— and this is esijecially true of the Big Blue. Most of our creeks sometimes become entirely dry in places, but the rivers named do not diminish in size as much as do most of those in other States. Two theories are offered in exjjlauation of this ftict: 1st, That, during dry weather, the water of the springs and creeks flows beneath instead of above the surface — and it is undoubted- ly the case that some of them do. 2nd, That a portion of the waters of the Platte, in Nebraska, (whose bed is above the level of our Kansas rivers) flow under ground and eventually come again to the surface in the valleys of the Blue and Republican. There are some curious facts to sustain this theory, but whether it is correct or not, it cannot be denied that, for some rea- son, the rivers mentioned are unusu- ally reliable streams. KANSAS SLOPES downward to the east, from Fort Riley to the Missouri at the rate of more than two feet to the mile, and the slope from north to south is much more rapid. In both cases the rise increases in rapidity as one travels west or north. All the rivers in Northern Kansas have been dammed, and it has been demon- strated that, when properly built, dams will remain, and that the water does not pass underground around them (as it does in some valleys.) At Law- rence there was a stone bottom half 28 Water Power. way across, and for the rest of the dis- tance a foundation for the dam had to be made in the river bed ; and the suc- cess of the experiment proves that it will be safe to dam tiie river wherever there is sufficient fall. THE KANSAS IN RILEY. The Kansas river can and will be dammed at three different places in this county. In Zeandale township, eight miles east of Manhattan, there is a rock bottom nearly across the river, and a considerable fall. Opposit the city of Manhattan there is also a rock bottom one-lialf way across, and al- though there may be no rock bottom near Ft. Riley, the fall would justify a dam. These three dams would secure a fall of forty or fifty feet, and would afford an immense amount of power. THE BICi BLUE was dammed at Rocky Ford, four miles north of Manhattan, fourteen j^ears ago, and a large grist mill has l)een in operation there ever since. The river can also be dammed at Manliattan, Stockdale, Randolph and Mariadahl, securing some fifty or sixty feet fall in all. Fancy Creek, Wild Cat Creek and Deep Creek also afibrd good mill privi- leges. We are certainly within bounds when we say that Riley and Pottawatomie counties have twice as much water power as any other two counties in Kansas, and it would prol)ably be safe to say three times as much. Three- fourths of it is at or within a few miles of Manhattan, and it is sufficient, if properly utilized, -to give employment and support, directly and indirectly, to at least fifty thousand people. We know of no point west of the Missis- sippi river that will compare with it, and the attention of capitalists and manufacturers is earnestly called to this locality. BITUMINOUS COAL. There is no coal in workable veins in Riley county. Two or three mines have been opened in Pottawatomie county, but it is not yet known wheth- er or not they will pay for working. At Leavenworth, one hundred and fif- teen miles east, on the Union Pacific railroad, a profitable mine has been worked for several years, and another shaft has been sunk on the grounds of the penitentiary, which will soon fur- nish large quantities for sale. The M. A. & B. R. R. strikes the center of the Osage coal fields at Burlingame, fifty- seven miles southeast from Manhat- tan. The veins in this region range from twenjty to forty inches thick, and they sujDply the bulk of the coal now used in the State. The thickest veins and the best quality of coal are found in the south east corner of the State, and are distant from Riley county, by the Kansas and Texas division of the Missouri Pacific, from one hundred and fifty to two hundred miles. Some coal is also brought in from Colorado, where seams are found from five to twenty feet thick. Our coal is of about a medium qual- ity, and, as new veins are constantly being opened indifferent localities, it is certain that we shall not lack for that necessary .article. Even with an abundance of water power, coal is a necessity, and the fact that we have it in al)uudauce within our reach in three directions, is a gratifying fact. This year the price of Kansas coal, at Man- hattan, has been §G.OO a ton, delivered, but it is not probable that these l^rices will be maintained. It will not be long before the law will prevent railroads from charging their pres- ent extortionate rates of transportation — and then we will have cheap coal. RAW MATERIALS. Flour mills, starch factories, sugar mills, straw and wood paper mills, packing houses, glue factories, soap factories, etc., etc., can obtain all the raw materials they need, in this im- mediate vicinity, and, in a short time, woolen mills can also. In addition, our railroads, that run in every direc- tion, would enaljle manufacturers lo- cating here to draw upon every section for their special products. In this con- nection it must not be forgotten that, although we have no real competition Manufacturing Advantages. 29 in railroad rates, there are few other lo- calities that are any better off— and that when transportation is regulated by law, sueh legislation cannot but benefit us as much as any other sec- tion. We have direct lines in almost every direction, and, when transporta- tion companies are not permitted to discriminate for or against any person or place, and are compeled to accept a fair remuneration for their services, our manufacturers will have an equal chance, in that respect, against the world. UNLIMITED MARKETS. The manufacturers who go into busi- ness in this county will have unlim- ited markets. In addition to our own State, with its million of inhabitants, there is Texas to the south, Nebraska to the north, and the mountain region to the west, all of which territory is tilling with astonishing rapidity. The mountain region especially, will soon consume all that half a million people can manufacture, and this is the most westerly county in Kansas that can possibly become a manufacturing cen- ter. With the railroads conii)eled to deal fairly by all, Riley county manu- facturers will always be able to sell all they can make, and more. CAN BUILD CHEAPLY. As will be seen by the figures given elsewhere, factories and mills can be built cheaply here, and the same is true of dams. Stone of any desired size can be obtained from two to thirty' inches thick ; and stone, lime, sand and labor are low. CLIMATIC HELPS. For many kinds of manufactures, our dry atmosjihere is just what is wanted. Moreover, it keeps the work- men healthy, and does not, for much of the time, interfere with labor, either in or out of doors. CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE. The inhabitants of this county are, in the main, intelligent, industrious, moral and wide awake — indeed, just such a class as furnishes the best hands for vocations requiring mind as well as muscle. In addition, the Agricultural College brings to tliis vicinity a large number of enterprising young men and women as students, who, when they leave that institution, become clioieo hands. Educated workmen are what manufacturers need ; and it is no small advantage to have an industrial college at hand turning out educated mechanics from among whom the best can be chosen. COMMERCIAL MORALITY, ETC. Taken as a whole, the business men of this county enjoy an enviable repu- tation for honesty, sagacity and pru- dence. There has never been, in the entire county, a financial failure of any magnitude, and of the small ones very few have been tinctured with fraud. Most of our merchants and others do business on their own capital, and an unusual proportion own their stores and dwellings. ISIanhattan, twenty- five years old, and containing over two thousand inhabitants and $433,001) worth of taxable property, has, in all that time, lost less than $15,000 by fire, and the rest of the county has been equaly fortunate. We doubt if an- other county in the Nation can show a better record in this respect. There are three strong banks in Manhattan that afford all the facilities needed in this direction, and they are prepared to increase their caiiital indeflnilly. GENERAL REMARKS. Other points, bearing upon the ques- tion of manufactures, are brought out in other parts of this work, and need not be repeated here. Taking every- thing into consideration , we feel confi- dent that Riley county presents splen- did openings tor a great variety of manufacturing enterprises — and that she will become the manufacturing center of the State. We do not advise men who know nothing about manu- facturing to come here and invest their money in such enteriirises. It would be folly in them to do so anywhere. But those who understand what they are about, and have business capacity and capital, ought to do well here. At any rate it would be wise for them to come and look the ground over. 30 Politioal and Social Influence. POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE. Riley County is now and always has been radicaly Republican. The fol- lowing table, giving the the votes re- ceived for each of the Presidential can- didates, and for and against the amend- to the constitution prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating lic{uor as a beverage, shows the rela- tive strength of the three parties, and the position of the people on prohibi- tion : O P ""^ o o a H -" =; = "^ p "■ Mantiattan, Citv. 1st Wanl 1)4 31 21 92 49 2ii^ ^ ^ s '5^ S > ?^ ►"^ T. ^ < S m <^ ^ ^^^ < s M f^ ^ ^ < ^ H ^ H s < 3^ ^ ^ ^ ^ < :^ H ^ < ^ Q ?: ^ < ^ Q f<. ^ 32 The Beautiful City. "The Beautiful City." Manhattao, the capital of Riley county, often, and justly, called "The Beautiful City," is undoubtedly the handsomest place of its size in Kansas. A staff correspondent of the Chicago Inter- Ocean says in that paper : Manhattan was a genuine surprise to us. We expected an usual western town : we found it exceptional, inas- much as it partakes largely of the character of older eastern cities. It is located at the continence of the Big Blue and Kansas rivers, which are spanned by four very excellent iron bridges, and the view of the city oi: valleys from any of these is simply ad- mirable. The streets are wide, well graded ; the buildings largely of their superior stone ; the residences bespeak- ing the culture and refinement of the people, by their tasty appearance and liberal adornment of shrubs and trees. Everything has a cleanly and thrifty appearance ; no rookeries or tumble- down buildings to disgrace their streets. Manhattan is built on an almost lev- el plain, a little more than one mile square. About one hundred rods south, across the Kansas river, Mount Prospect rises, almost perpendicularly, to a hight of two hundred feet or more above the river ; while, on the north- ern edge of the townsite, Bluemout, only a trifle less steep and about as high, stands guard over the Big Blue, whose waters wash its base. THE VIEW from these eminences— and especially that from Mount Prospect — is unques- tionably the most magnificent that can be found in Kansas, and has few rivals anywhere outside of strictly mountainous regions. It is truly per- fectly enchanting. To the northward, from Mount Prospect is seen the lovely valley of the Big Blue— more bewitch- ing than tliat of the Mohawk— through which the winding river swiftly glides to "Trysting Point," where it nestles in the bosom of its mate, while the tuneful voices of birds, the gentle rustling of leaves, and the rippling, gurgling notes of the liquid lovers themsely-es, as they joyously start for their home in the sea, are forever singing " a marriage song of the wa- ters." To the east and southeast, the unrivaled valley of the Kansas, dot- ted, and checked, like that of the Blue, with farm houses and fields, reaches as far as the eye can penetrate — and still further, on, and on, and on, to the Missouri on the one hand, and " the great plains ' ' on the other. This valley is destined to be the garden of the State, and lucky is the man who has a home therein. To the westward, the plain gradualy rises into hills, on one of which is located the Kansas State Agricultural College, while oth- ers are appropriated for residences. This section could not have been better arranged tor suburban homes, and, in time, it will all be appropriated for "country seats." Looking down, the city itself is almost directly under your feet, and the mingling of sub- stantial hotels and stores, tasty churches and cozy residences, all em- bowered in trees, shrubs, vines and flowers, makes almost every one ex- claim : Indeed, this is "the beautiful, city." Three avenues, one hundred feet wide, run east and west, and four, north and south. The intervening streets are sixty feet wide. The town lots are 50x150 feet, and the blocks are 315x400 feet, with a fifteen foot alley running east and west through their center. There are two parks — one on the Kan- sas river, entirely unimj^roved, and one of forty acres, in the western part of the town, and which is now used as a fair ground. In addition, five whole blocks and seven parts of blocks have The Beautiful Oity. 33 been reserved for public uses. IVIany of the streets are bordered with rows of maple, elm, black walnut, box el- der, ash and other varieties of shade trees ; and it is hoped that before many years elapse, the whole town will be well shaded. The number of houses that are built of stone or brick gives the town an unusually solid and thrifty appearance. The grounds about the dwellings are fixHjuently so covered with trees, shrubs and flowers, as to indicate refinement of taste, as well as good sense. Indeed, everywhere the visitor goes his eyes are filled with sights calculated to impress on his mind the conviction that the jjeople of Manhattan settled here with the inten- tion of remaining, and have, in conse- quence, made houics lor themselves. POPULATION. Manhattan was laid out in 1855, but grew quite slowly until the building of the Kansas Pacific railroad in 1866. In 1870 it had 1,173 inhabitants, and the census this year gave 2,104. The original white settlers of Man- hattan came mostly from Ohio and more eastern States. Of the foreign- born residents, the Scandinavians are most numerous, and then come Eng- hsh, Germans and Canadians, with a few Irish and French. As a rule, our peojile are intelligent, moral, indus- trious and thrifty; and, in conse- quence, a smaller proportion of the real estate of this county has been sold for taxes than in almost any other that has been settled as long. Religion and Morality. The people of Manhattan are above the average of the inhabitants of western towns in respect to morality and religion. Many of the earliest settlers were true Christians, and their influence will never cease to be felt. There are now nine church buildings, and two or three additional organiza- tions. We append a short description, in the order of their erection. METTIODISTS. Tlie First Methodist Episcopal church was organized April 30, 1855; a church was built in 1857, and occupied until last fall, when the society re- moved to a new stone building, costing, with the lots, about ten thousand dol- lars. It is the handsomest church, of its size, in the State ; is heated with a furnace scats ; comfortably about two hundred and fifty in the main audience room, but by crowding and throwing open the parlors, two hundred and fifty more can be acconamodated. This church has been ministered -to by the following pastors, in the order named, viz: Rev. C. H. Lovejoy, during a part of 1855; Rev. Joseph Denison, D. D., during the balance of that year and 1850; during 1857, N. Traffcon ; 1858, Joseph Denison ; 1859-60, J. Paul- son ; 1801, J. T. W. Auld and T. H. Mudge; 1802-3, R. L. Harford; 1864, B. C. Dennis; 1805-06, N. Green; 1867-08, R. P. Duvall; 1869, G. S. Dearborn; 1870-71, J. M. Sullivan; 1872-74, S. W. Lloyd; 1875-76-77, R. Wake ; 1878-79-80, E. Gill. The pres- ent membership is two hundred and forty-eight. Preaching twice on Sun- day ; prayer meetings Wednesday and Thursday nights. Sunday school after morning service. The usual church societies and committees are kept up. In this couueotion, a tribute is due to Rev. E. Gill, who, in addition to dis- charging the ordinary duties of a pas- tor to the entire satisfaction of the church, has exhibited unusual execu- tive ability in securing the erection of the handsome new church. The Second M. E. church (colored) was organized in 1866, as a mission church ; and a frame building, 30x40 feet, capable of seating one hundred persons, was erected the same year. It has fifteen members, and Rev. J. S. Griflfing is, and has for several years been, pastor. Preaching twice on the Salibath and prayer meeting Wednes- day night. Sabbath school after morn- ing service. The African Methodist Episcopal Ziou church was organized Oct. 1879, and a ft-ame building, 24x30 feet, erected 34 Methodists. last summer which will scat about on hundred people. It lias twenty mem- bers, and Rev. Oscar Haskins is pastor. Preaching twice on the Babbath, and Sunday school in the morning. CONGREGATIONALISTS. The Congregational church was organized January 6, 1S56 ; a stone building, erected in 1858 and enlarged in 1878. It will seat about two hun- dred and forty persons in the main au- dience room, and, including the lecture room, three hundred. It has one hun- dred and fifty-eight members. There is preaching twice on Sundays ; prayer meeting Wednesday night, and Sun- day school after morning service. The pulpit has been occupied by the follow- ing pastors : Rev. C. E. Blood, from 1856 to 1862; Geo. A. Beckwith, from 1862 to 1867; R. D. Parker, from 1867 to the present time. There are the usual church societies. EPISCOPALIANS. St. Paul's Episcopal church was or- ganized in May, 1858, and an excellent, stone, gothic church, 35x45 feet, erected in 1860. It seats about two hundred persons, and is worth, with lots, furni- ture, pipe organ, etc., about $5,000. It has fifty-eight members. Preaching on Sunday, and Suuday school after morning service. The pastors have been: Rev. N. O. Preston, from 1858 to 1861, and from 1864 to 1866; J. H. Lee, from 1866 to 1869; D. W. Coxe, from 1869 to 1872 ; J. P. Fugett, from 1873 to 1874 ; James H. Lee, from 1874 to 1875, and from 1876 to the present time. They have tlie usual church so- cieties. IJAl'TrSTS. The Baptist church was organized August 14, 1858, and a stone church 26x40 feet, was built in 1866. It seats about two hundred persons. Preach- ing twice on Sunday prayer meetijig Wednesday night, and Sunday school after morning service. Tliere are the usual church societies. The number of church members is sixty. The i:)astors have been : Rev. jM. L. Wisner, M. J. Kermott, J. M. Lackey, E. Gale, 1. Sawyer. D. D., J. D. AVoods, S. Pills- bury and J. G. Maver. PRESBYTERIANS. The Presbyterian church was organ- ized April 18, 1867, and a substantial stone building erected in 1870, at a cost of $7,000. It has been recently repaired, elegantly finished inside, and a graceful spire erected upon the corner tower — the latter at the expense of Messrs. Stingley & Huntress. A fine chapel, with lectirt'e room, pastor's study and ladies' room, all complete, a gift to the society by E. B. Purcell, has also been erected on the adjoining lot, making this one of the finest church properties in the State. The seating capacity of the church is estimated at four hundred and fifty. Rev. Alex. Sterrett was pastor for three years. He was succeeded for a few months by Rev. Anderson, D. D., (father of Con- gressman Anderson), and he by Rev. J. H. Reed for five years. In 1876 the ])resent pastor. Rev. Wm. Campbell commenced his regular ministration. The society is liberal and self-support- ing, with a membershii) of about one hundred, and a large Sunday school, which meets after Sunday morning service. There is preaching twice on Sunday, and prayer meeting Wednes- day night. The usual church societies are dcnng a good work. CHRISTIANS. TJie Christian church Avas reorgan- ized in 1872, and a frame edifice, 28x50 feet, erected in 1873. With the lot, it is valued at $2,000. It will seat about three hundred persons. Its regular pastors have been: Elds. A. J. White, A. 1). Goodwin, Henry Cogswell, and A. B. Campbell. The active member- ship is about one hundred. Preaching twice on Sunday, prayer meeting Wed- nesday night, and Sunday school be- fore morning service. The usual church societies are active and useful. ROMAN CATHOLICS. Last summer the Roman Catholics purchased the stone church formerly used by the Methodists. It is 32x55 feet, has been thoroughly repaired, will seat about two hundred and fifty Religious Influencrii. S.") persons, and is valued at S2,0(X). Rev. McCune is resident pastor, and liolds services two Sundays in each month. All the churches, excei)t the Roman Catholic, are free from debt, and all in an active and healthy condition. Althougli none of the ministers of Manhattan have national reputations, they are admitted to be now — as they have been from the first settlement of the town — above the averaji^e in abili- ty, culture and genuine Christianity. The garments of none of them are scorched, and there is not an "ofT horse " in the lot. All work zealously, together as well as in their separate fields, to promote the cause of Christ, and of humanity — love to God and good will to men. Nor is this an ex- ceptional condition of affairs, for it has nearly always been so. It is not nec- essary witli Christians to enlarge upon the desirableness of settling witii their families in a place whose character and position secure to it a talented minis- try, and whose church members are sufficiently imbued with the spirit of Christ to keep their denominational jealousies (if they have any) mainly out of sight. Y. P. ('. ». The Young People's Christian Union was organized in 1876, and has held weekly meetings ever since, generaly on Sunday afternoon, about 8 o'clock. John Copley is President, and Miss M. Sickels, Secretary. This society exerts a marked influence over the lives of our young people. Those of our people who are not re- ligious, are, as a rule, honest, and as moral as the same class in the best towns in the T^nion. We have been thus particular on this head, because it is a matter of real importance ; and while we do not wish to claim more than is true, we see no reason for with- holding facts when they redound to the credit of the town. Miscellaneous Societies. TEMPERANCE. Western Star Division No. 1, S. of T. was organized in 1858. It has about sixty members, and meets every Tues- day night. li. R. Elliott is Worthy Patriarch, and Miss Emma Knostman, Secretary. Proliibition I'halanx No. 9, was or- ganized last spring. It has seventy members, and meets Tuesday nights. F. H. Hulse is Noble Leader, and Miss Tiizzie Fay, Secretary. The Young People's Temperance Alliance Mas organized in April, 1877. It meets every Sunday afternoon, and has several hundred members. Rev. A. B. Campbell is President. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union was oi'ganized last spring. It meets semi-monthly. It has a large membership. Mrs. M. L. Ward is President, and Mrs. C. F. Wilder, Sec- retary. There is a Lodge of Good Templars among the colored people, of which A. Griggsby is Worthy Chief Templar. The temperance sentiment in this place has always been strong. MASONIC. Manhattan Chapter No. 14 R. A. M., Geo. S. Clreeu, High Priest, Wm. Bur- goyne, Secretary, was organized in 1869, and meets the first Monday in each month. It has thirty members. Lafayette Lodge No. 16, A. F. and A. M., Wm. Burgoyne Worshipful Master, and S. M. Fox, Secretary, was organized in 1866. It has sixty-one members, and meets on the first and third Fridays of ea('h month. I. o. o. F. Manhattan Lodge, No. 17, I. O. O. F., John Pipher, Noble Grand, and B. L. Bredbury, Secretary, was organized in 1866. It has about sixty members, and meets Thursday evenings. AGRICULTURAL. Manliattan Grange No. 748 was or- ganized in 1872, and meets the 4th Sat- urday of each montli, in the afternoon. It has about seventy members, and Mrs. H. A. Barnes is Master, and Wm. F. Allen, Secretary. The Blue & Kansas Valley Agricul- tural Society was organized in 1869, and holds a fair each fall. It is a joint 36 Agricultural Societies stock association, and H. S. Roberts is President, and W. C. .Tolmston, Sec- retary. The Kansas and Blue Valley Poultry and Pet Stock Association was ors, /'r,:s't, Prof. I'olit. fSconomy. M. L. AV'AHD. I'rof. Jfat/iematici and English. K. M. SIIELTON, Prof. Prac. Ag.. Su2:)'t Farm. G. II. FAIIjYKH, Prof. Ghemistry and Physics. ]'>. A. FOPEXOE, Prof. Botany and I£orUcuUure. J. E. PLATT. Prof. Elem'y EnglisJi, Mathematics. Tr. D. WALTERS, Teacher Industrial Drawing. T. T. IIAWKES, Sup' t Mechanical Department. A. A. STEWART, Sup't Printing Department. I. D. GRAHAM, SupH Telegraph Depjartment. Mrs. jM. E. CRII'PS, SupH Seivimg Department. W. L. IIOFER, TecKiher of InHtrurnental Music. The College exerts an excelent in- fluence upon the town, and the town upon the College. The intelligent and generaly moral character of our peo- ple, with our superior church facilities, largely diminishes the temiitations to which students are always subjected, and assists them to resist evil influences both from within and without. The Industrialist, Prof. E. M. Shel- ton, editor, assisted by the rest of the Faculty, is issued weekly from the printing department. It is a four col- umn folio, devoted mainly to college affairs and educational and intellectual questions, is one of the best printed papers in the State, and contains more sound sense on practical questions than can be found in many publications of five times its size. Its subscription price is fifty cents a year, or ten cents a month ; and we can heartily commend it to all who wish to post themselves on the progress of industrial education and Kansas agriculture. Address A. A. Stewart, Manhattan, Kansas. The College still has a large amount of land for sale, situated mainly in Riley, Marshall, Washington, Clay and Dickinson counties, which is offered on very reasonable terms. All letters on this subject should be ad- dressed to L. R. Elhott, Land Commis- sioner, jNlanhattan, Kansas. The funds of the College are invested, 38 State Agricultural College. from time to time, in school district bonds, made payable directly to the College. School district oflrteers who wish to sell their bonds to the College should themselves address Prof. M. L. Ward, Loan Commissioner, Manhat- tan, Kansas, who will fiurnish all in- formation needed to enable them to comply with th5 law and the rules of the College. It is entirely unnecessary to pay a commission to an interme- diate party. We cannot, while on this subject, re- frain from malving a suggestion to the wealthy philanthropists of the nation. It is highly imjDortant that our system of education be so modified as to edu- cate the masses for and tovards indus- trial vocations instead of from them. That is the object which this institu- tion has in view, and it is certain that it has made some jjrogress in solving the great problem. It is on the right track, but is greatly hampered for want of means. Now, if one or more large- hearted men or women would supple- ment the Congressional endowment by donating to this College enough to in- crease and improve the industrial de- partments, they would thereby put their money where it would do the most good to humanity and the nation. Who will endow a veterinary professorship? or one of entomology and botany ? Who will give the money to build and endow a model cheese factory and creamery ? or a large establishment for teaching cooking, washing, ironing, sewing, and other braiaches of housework ? or any one of a dozen other departments that need to be added or enlarged ? Letters of inquiry in regard to Col- lege matters should be addressed to George T. Fairchild, President, Man- hattan, Kansas. thp: public school building, a large and handsome struct- ure, built of stone, finished and fur- nished throughout at a cost of |lo,000, is well represented in the following cut: Our space will not permit us to de- scribe this building minutely. Its size is 7Hx!)6 feet, and it is two stories high above the basement. There are Public Sehvols. 39 lour large rooms iijion oacli Moor, bo- sides cloak rooms and wide halls. The huUding and everything about it is first class. The entire block on which it is located is devoted to school pur- poses, and thus ample play ground is provided, a considerable portion of which is shaded by trees that were planted many years ago. The school is, in all respects, up to the advanced standard of the better class of similar institutions, and pu^^ils can and do pass from it to the College. The present corps of teachers is un- usualy efticient, and consists of I'rof. U. E. Ijantz, Principal. Miss DeEtta Warren, Assistant rriiicl|ial. E. F. Clark, Graniniar Departiueut. iSIiss A. Arnold, A Intermediate. Jliss Ali<'e Stewart, B Interniodiatc. Miss Fannie Cole, A I'l'iinary. >Iiss Alice Kitcliie, J} Primary. Miss Anna McConnell, C Pi'imary. Miss M. E. Sickels, 1) Primary . BRIDGES, STREETS AND SIDEWALKS. In addition to the two railroad bridges, the Kansas and Big Blue riv- ers are both spanned at Manhattan by first class, free, iron wagon bridges, that were built ten years ago, and are now about as good as new. There are no other free bridges over either of these rivers within seventy-flve iniles. The streets are generaly in good con- dition, and about two miles have been already graded and macadamized or graveled. Almost all of this has been done within the past two years ; and it is probable that, in the future, from one-half a mile to a mile will be grav- eled each year, until all the main streets are thus improved. The grav- eling costs fifty cents per running foot. About five miles of sidewalks — most- ly of stone — have been laid, and they are being extended at the rate of about a mile a year. Stone sidewalks cost from eighteen to twenty-five cents per foot. In a short time, every portion of the city will be connected, by these side- walks, with the business center, the churches and the College. CITY ORGANIZATION. Manhattan is now organized as a city of the second class, and its ofticers at the present time are as follows : Mayor— \. .\. Adams. Councilnien — A. Stiiijtley. .). K. \\ ini-lii|i, .1 . .1. T. Ellicott, .1. F. McMsiM>;imd I!. Ailing- ham, Jr. Police .ludKc-lI. W. StaiUpolc. City Attorney — Sam. Kimble. City Clerk — I. H. Voiin^^ Street Commissioner — S. .March. Marshal — John Drew. Assistant Marslial— F. K. Spongier, .histiccsof the Peace— II. W. Stackpole, .1. P. Peckham. The (uty government was organized iti lHo7. and the position of Mayor has, since that time, been filled by the fol- ing gentlemen, in the order named : Andrew J. Mead, E. M. Thurston, S. G. Hoyt, C. F. DeVivaldi, James Humphrey, Welcome Wells, , ^I. J. (love, Henry Ijaffer, G. W. Higinbotham, A. Huntress, E. C. Manning, N. A. Adams, R. B. iSpil- man (two terms), Geo. W. Wisnei', K. B. Spilman, I. K. Perry, G. W. Higin- botham, S. A. Sawyer, Wm. Dent, Rob't Allingham, Jr., John Pipher, N. A. Adams. EXPORT BUSINESS. The exports f^-om Manhattan, as nearly as we can ascertain them with positiveness, auKjunted, for the year ending with the first of December last, to about fourteen and a half million pounds ; and only a small iwoportion of this consisted of the raw products of the field. The most of our grain is ground, or fed to stock. Thus, while we exported but 1,608,000 lbs. of wheat and corn, the flour, meal and chop feed amounted to 2,oS0,000 lbs., and our great mill only began to run a few months ago. The stock shipments amounted to more than six and a half million pounds. In the very near fu- ture, the grain shipments will dwindle to an insignificant quantity, but the increase in flour, meal, chop, etc., will more than make up the deficiency. Our cattle and hogs will also leave in barrels instead of their own hides, and we will import instead of export hay. OUR BUSINESS MEN. The business men of Manhattan have an enviable reputation, both at home and abroad, in respect to integ- rity and prudence. They may not be as enterprising as those in some other 40 Our Business 3fen. places, but they neither swindle their creditors, nor spend their gains in riot- ous living. The foundations have now been laid, and all the indications point to a great expansion in the future — es- pecialy in the direction of manufac- tures. As nearly as we can remember, our business and business men are divided as follows : Abstract of Titles — lawyer & Scott. Agricultural Implements — W. H. Lowe, Stingley & Huntress, A. J. Whitford. Attorneys at Law — Spilmau & Brown, Green & Hessin, H. W. Stackpole, W. A. Scott, Sam. Kimble, Darius Hungerford. Auctioneers — S. A. Sawyer, J. N. Lim- bocker. Bakers — W. Balderston, J. Remmele. Bankers — Riley County Bank, W. P. Higinboth-am's Bank, Manhattan Bank. Barbers— V. C. Hostrup, Ed. Williams, H. L. Brown. Barb- Wire Dealers — P. W. Zeigler, A. J. Whitford, Stingley & Huntress. Barb- Wire 3 fakers — Phillips & Co., Wm. Warner. Billiard ITalls—Metlev & Smith, C. B. Donaldson, O. Godwin, A. Peak. Blacksmiths — John Brett, S. A.'Hays, Chas. Irvin, Merrifield & Bordell, Sam. Ferguson, S. Williston,' A. Peak. Boareling Houses — Mrs. G. W. Wisncr, Mrs. E. B. Pray, A. D. Horrell, Mrs. C. G. Thompson, Mrs. .John Drew, W. Balderston. Boivling Alley — Metier & Smith. Bookseller and Stationer — S. M. Fox. Boot anel Shoe Dealers — S. Pillsl)ury, Sam. Long, A. Meyers, Mrs. C. Beil, Lew. Wintermute, Warren Cooper, Weist &Engle, Stingley & Huntress, Grange Store. Boot and Shoemakers — P. Malm, A. F. Eby, E. Lofinck, Mrs. C. Beil, Aug. Meyers. Bored Wells— V . W. Zeigler. Breeders of Blooded Horses — John Drew & Bro. Breeders of Bloodeel Shorthorns — W. P. Higinbotham, S. A. Sawyer. Breeders of Blooded Poultry — J. S. Corbett, F. E. Marsh, W^m. Dalton, S. A. Sawyer, John Drew. • Brickmaker — R. Ulrich. Broommaker — A. H. Johnson. Butchers — Book & Pierson, Long, Tow- er & Co. Cabinetmakers — G. A. Pollard, Fred. Haster, John Elliot, John Smith. Carpenters, {ccmtractors) — P. Cool, W. H. Smith, H. Hougham, Earl & Housekeeper, Chas. Wearing, Jere. Haines. Carriage makers — C. F. Keablcs, O. B. Holman. Cigar maker — Otto Teitge. ClotJiing {reaely-meide) — W^ju. Knost- man, Stingley & Huntress, W^arren Cooj^er, C. A. Buel, L. Wintermute. Coal and Weje)d — ^Wni. Burgoyne, J. T. Ellicott, C. E. Miller. Confectiotiery and Fruit — C. F. Briggs, Blood, Brooks & Co., D. Adams, J. Remmele, C. Tegmeier. Cho2J Feed (decders) — Stingle3^ & Hun- tress, Grange Store. Dealer in Everything — E. B. Purcell. This is so literally true tliat the reader can safely add Mr. P's name to each list of dealers. We have left it out simply to save space. Dentist— Q. P. Blachly. Draymen — C. E. Miller, Sam. Ijong, R. O'Rourke, A. Adams, J. Parker- son, C. Carleton. Z)y7/. Goods and Notions — Stingley & Huntress, Warren Cooper, Mrs. S. Wareham, L. Wintermute, Wiest & Engle. Druggists — W. C. .Tohnston, Geo. W. Harroi>, J. Robinson. Fancy Goods and Toys — S. M. Fox, J. Robinson, W. C. Johnston. Flour and Feed 3rills — Manhattan Mills, Bluemont Mills. Furniture — J. N. Smith, .lohn Elliot. Grain Decders — G. W. Higinbotham, E. B. f»urcell Elevator Co., J. T. Ellicott. Grain Elevcdors — E. B. Purcell Eleva- tor Co., J. T. Ellicott. Groceries — D. Adams, Stingley & Hun- tress, Blood, Brooks & Co., Grange Store, Weist & Engle, L. Winter- mute, Mrs. S. Wareham. Business Directory, 41 OunsDilth — L. Haydeu. Hard ware— A. j'. Wbitforcl, P.. W. Zeigler, 8tiugli'y <& Huntress, Weist & Engle. jrarness makers — Vincent & Evans, (I. B. Hinies. J/at maker — V. A. Buel, Jlay Fress—.J. T. Ellicott. Horse Trainers — John Drew & Bro. .//o^e^s—" Adams House," C. B. Don- aldson, "American House," W. Van- Dusen, "Cottage Hotel," K. Blood. Ire Dealers — J. F. Gardner, C. V. Briggs. Insurance Agents — Wm. P. Higinboth- am, L. R. Elliott, 8aAvyer & Scott, Crump & Huugertbrd. Jetvelry & Watch makers — A. J. Le- gore, E. K. Shaw, J. Q. A. Sheldon. Junk Dealers — Merrifleld & Bordel. Kindergarten Teacher — Miss JNIildred Parsons. Land ■ Agents— L,. R. Elliott, Dow & Brown, J. N. Limbocker, W. P. Hig- inbotham. Livery Stables — Long & Firestone, A. Lime — Henry Strong, N. Tobias, C. E. Gilford. L. Houghton, C. E. Miller. Loan Agents — Sawyer & Scott, Crump & Hungerford, Dow & Brown, S. Kimble. Lumber Decders — N. A. Adams, H. A. Young & Co., C. E. Gilford. Machine shop — wood and iron— Man- hattan Machine Co., (Ulrich Bros. & Co.) Marble Works— A. O. Baldwin. Market Gardeners — Short liros., Wm. Swartz. Masons, {master) — J. Winne, B. W. Powers, A. Flanders, N. Sandel, P, Sandel, C. Sponberg, Levi Wood- man. Musiced Instruments — Wm. Tyrrell, J. N. Smith, R. E. Lofiuck. Music Teachers— Miss E. M. Mudge, Prof. W. L. Hofer, Wm. Tyrrell, Mrs. S. M. Fox, A. C. Klingaman, Miss E. E. Viles. Millinery and Ladies^ Goods — Mrs. C. F. Briggs, Mrs. C. O. Evans, Mrs. E. K. Shaw, Mrs. S. Wareham. Newsjiapcrs — "The Nationalist," "The Enterprise," "The Industrialist," "The Telephone." Painters — carriage— Q. F. Keables, Geo. B. Sherman. Painters — house and sign — C. D. Mar- vin, G. C. Campbell L. N. Wha- ley, Joel E. House, ("het. Pratt. Painter— portrait — Horace H. Buell. Paints, Oil and Glass — .J. Robinson, G. W. Harrop, W. C. Johnston, C. E. Giltbrd, H. A, Young, N. A. Adams, A. J. Whitford, P. AV. Zeigler, Sting- ley & Huntress. Pcdent horseshoe maker — S. A. Hays. Patent Pump makers — Manhattan Ma- chine Co. Photographers — Geo. Burgoyne, (J. W. Hodge. Physicians — H. S. Roberts, Lyman & Ward, J. Robinson, Wm. T. Vail, Ellen M. Vail, J. H. Lee, C. F, Lit- tle, E. L. Patee. Proeluce dealers — Stingley & Hun- tress, Grange Store, Blood, Brooks & Co., C, F. Briggs. Pump decders — P. W. Zeigler, A. J. Whitford, J. N. Ijirabocker, Kim- ble Pump Co. Queensware — Stingley & Huntress, W. Cooper, P. AV. Zeigler, A. J. AVhit- ford. Grange Store, Weist & Engle. Restaurants^-W . Balderston, AV. A. Mitchell, G. W. Wesley, American House, J. Remmele. Second hand. Goods — J. N. Limbocker. Sewing Mccchines—Ij. Hayden, J. N. Smith, AV. H. Lowe, Stingley & Hun- tress, Grange Store. Stock Decders— IS . A. Adams, AA^ P. Higinbotham, AVm. Haskins, Hiram Kearus. Stone Dealers — Ulrich Bros., Henry Strong, E. Colburn. Tailor — W. B. Leicester. Tickets to Europe— J^. R. Elliott, H. Pfuetze. Tinsniifhs—A. J. AVhitford, P. AA". Zeigler. Taxidermist— G. P. Blachly. Wheelwrights— C. F. Keables, O. B. Holnian, S. B. Smith, H. Pfuetze. Wooden and Willoiu Ware and Cord- age— 'iitingley & Huntress, P. AV. Zeigler, A. J.AA'hitford, Grange Store. 42 John A. Anderson. Men and Things. Under this head, will be given sketches of some of our leading men and business enterprises ; and it seems especially fitting to commence with the one of our citizens who comes near- est to having a national reputation, viz : HON. JOHN A. ANDERSON. Mr. Anderson comes from excellent stock. His grandfather — Rev. John Anderson, D. D., of North Carolina — was a noted Presbyterian three-fourths of a century ago; and his tather— Rev. Wm. C. Anderson, D. D., — a life-long jninister of the same church, was. for a long time President of Miami (Ohio) University. He was a man of unusual ability, and such gentleness of spirit as to win the affection of all who knew him. John A. Anderson's mother was a daughter of Col. John Alexander, of the revolutionary army. John A. Anderson was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1884; graduated at Miami University in 1853; studied theology, and preached in Stockton, California, from 1857 to 1862. Early in that year he entered the army as chaplain of the Third California Infantry, and served in that capacity about a year. In 1868, he entered the service of the United States Sanitary Commission, and his first duty was to act as Relief Agent of the Twelfth Army Corps. He was next transferred to the New York Cen- tral office ; and, while there, it was a l)orti()n of his duties to write up for the newspapers the great fairs held in the interest of the Commission in New ^'ork, P.oston, Philadelphia and other cities. When (Jrant began the move- ment tluougli the Wilderness, he was made Superintendent of Transporta- tion. He had under his command half a dozen steamers. He was re- quired to have the supplies of the com- mission as convenient to the wounded as possible, and the movement of the steamers in search of Grant, uj) one river and down another and along that dangerous coast, through tStates, and received the larg- est major! t3^ then ever given in the dis- trict ; the vote standing : Anderson, (Rep.) 30,457 ; McClure, (Deni.) 14,919; Gale, (G. B.) 6,716. During the last session of Congress he made several speeches and introduced a number of bills, several of which are expected to become laws. Great efforts were made by United States Senator Ingalls and the corruptionists of the district, to prevent his renomination, but when the convention met he received the votes of all but two counties. He again can- vassed his district, even more tliorough- ly than before, and the vote stood : An- derson, (Rep.) 48,780; Burns, (Dem.) 22,- 496 ; Davis, (G. B.) 7,350. His plurality was 26,284, and his majority— wliich is the largest majority ever received by a Repul)hcan candidate for Congress— (iver all, 18,984. In every county in the district, his percentage of the vote was larger than it was two years before, which amoujits to a demonstration that his popularity is increasing, in spite of the well known fact that no Congress- man is able to make much of a show- ing before the public during his first term. As a Congressman, Mr. Ander- son's strong points are : 1. He is scrupulously honest. His name will never be mixed uj) in dis- honorable transactions, and he will make no promises that he does not in- tend and expect to fulfil. 2. He is thoroughly educated, and has filled successfuly so many differ- ent positions, that he can speak and act from experience and jjersonal knowl- edge on an unusual variety of topics. 3. He has remarkable tenacity of purpose, especialy in his friendships. He never gives up while there is a shred of hope left, and will at any time sacrifice his own interests to help a friend. 4. While courteous to and liberal with his colleagues, he has sufficient manhood to insist upon his rights, as the senior Senator from this State has ascertained to his no small chagrin. 5. He is acquainted with many of the leading men of the Nation, and is well constituted to secure their respect and support. 6. He has a great deal of the per- sonal magnetism that enables some men to obtain and retain warm friends, and without which a public man has hard work to rise. 7. He has a large, healthy brain, well stored with useful knowledge, and one that is capable of mastering every subject with which it grapples — and in detail as well as in mass. 8. He is a teetotaler, and has no per- sonal habits that are calculated to of- fend the consciences of any of his con- stitueijts, or in any way to interfere with his private or public labors. In short, he has every personal qual- 46 John A. Anderso7i. ity that is needed to lielp liiin to rise ; and, in addition, has troojDS of friends, all over the State, who delight to lend him a helping hand. There can hard- ly be a doubt but that he is the eomiiig man of Kani^as. His influence will in- crease from year to year and no limit can be put to his upward progress. If he retains his health he is bound to be- come one of the foremost men of the Nation ; and that fact is becoming so manifest that the class who wish to pay court to the rising sun, are already clustering around him. We will only add that, as Mr. An- derson belongs to the best class of statesmen, all who wish to see the Nation well governed should give him a cordial support. THE CASH HOUSE OF U. B. PURCELL. The most prominent of Manhattan business houses is that of E. B. Purcell, who came to Manhattan from Newton Hamilton, Pennsylvania, in the year 1806. Mr. Purcell conducted a compar- atively modest business for some time, until he got the "run" of the trade. Then he began to branch out. First, he built a large stone buildiiig beside the one he was occui3ying. Then he moved the frame he had been occupy- ing, and put in another large stone and brick structure. Next he purchased the building west and remodeled it en- tirely, putting in a brick front. This is now occupied by the jNIauhattan Bank. By this time, his buildings occupied a large space. The main buildings front on Poyntz Avenue and Second street, and are 74x137 feet, containing over 7,000 feet of Hoor sjjace. Then Mr. Purcell stopped to take breath. Not long, however. His bus- iness spread, filled and overran his quarters. He added a huge warehouse and elevator, 50x100 feet. He built corncribs to accommodate his business in that line, which aggregate a length of 440 feet, and the whole block of buildings is now filled witli goods from basement to garret. It is certainly within bounds to say that Mr. Purcell has more store and more house room than any other mer- chant in Kansas — those of Topeka, Atchison and Leavenworth not except- ed ; also that he carries the largest aggregate stock of goods, and does a heavier business than any other man in the State. The business of the house is divided into the following apartments : Dry Good and Notions, Clothing,'' Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, Blank Books, Stationery and Toys, Groceries, Staple and Fancy, Produce, Butter, Eggs and Poultry, Hardware, heavy and shelf. Stoves, Tinware and Crockery, Paints, Oils and Window Glass, Grain, Feed and Live Stock, Agricultural Implements. Entering the house at the east front door, you encounter the Dry Ooods de- l)artment, in which is carried a large and complete assortment of dry goods and notions. Opposit is the Clothing^ Hut and Cap department, and a glance at the stock will satisfy all that any taste can be suited. Going deeper we discover the Stationery^ Blank and Softool Book departnient, which is ar- ranged to display as fine a line of goods as is usualy tbuud in a comjjlete stock. Then we come to the Boot and Shoe depart)nent. Here one can be fitted with the finest or coarsest produced in the land, in gents', ladies' or children's wear. Opposit, arranged in glass show cases and on shelves, we see that old and young can find toys, picture books, and u(jtions of all kinds that are necessary to gladden the heart at Christmas time. Proceeding, we come to the Orocery dcpartnient, in which is carried the largest stock in the west. Staple and fancy shelf goods, flour, in fact, everything that can possibly be thought of as belonging to a first class grocery stock. Here, in the rear of the building the main offices are located, consisting of general office, vault and Mr. Purcell's private office. Passing around through the grocery depart- E. B. PnrceU. 47 nit'iit, \vv enter (he J lard ware d( parl- ment. Jn this will be found again one njoHt complete in itself. Stoves of all kinds, from the largest range to the smallest heater. Queensware, Paints, Window (lilass, Wagon work, and a comple stock of Shelf Hardware. The large Warehouse in the rear is devoted entirely to the storage and sale of agricultural implements, and hand- ling of feed, grain, &c. In this depart- ment, the handling of live stock of ev- ery description is attended to by care- ful and competent men. This establishment deals in "Every- thing" alniost literaly. What you cannot purchase here, it is almost need- less to inquire for elsewhere. An im- migrant coming to this county can go into Purcell's and buy all his farming utensils, wagons, carriages, stoves, hardware, groceries to last him a year, clothing, and dry goods, sewing ma- chine and organ. At the end of the year he can haul his corn, wheat, or other grain, hogs, cattle, or anything he may raise, and his wife may take her butter, eggs and poultry — all to Purcell's, and get the highest market price for them. This is one of the se- crets of his success. A farmer can sell there everything he raises, and he can buy there everything he needs in the pursuit of happiness and comfort. MANHATTAN BANK. This institution was opened in May, 1870, by E. B. Purcell, who still retains exclusive ownership and control. In November, 1870, Jno. W. Webb assumed the position of Cashier, and has had supervision of the business ever since. The Bank occui)ies twenty-four feet fronton the west side of E. B. Purcell's block, and has all the necessary equip- ments for the extensive business trans- acted within its doors ; is furnished with elegant black walnut counters fitted with heavy ground plate glass, fire proof vault, and latest improved burglar proof chests — all conveniently arranged to facilitate the transaction of business. A genuine hanking business is trans- acted. Foreign and inland exchange, cojnniercial paper and municipal and corporation bojids are bought and sold ; bills and notes ar(; discounted ; collec- tions are made on all accessible points ; foreign bills of exchange are drawn di- rect on all the principal cities of Eu- rope ; long time loans are made on real estate :— in short, everything that a metropolitan bank can do on approved business principles is done equaly as well here, while the extensive personal acquaintance of the proprietor, all over the State, together with a long list of correspondents representing every im- portant business center in the State, enables him to give prompt and relia- ble information on almost every con- ceivable subject connected with or af- fecting any of the business interests of the State. THE PRIDE OF MANHATTAN. MANHATTAN MILL AND ELE- VA TOR. The formation of the E. B. PURCELL ELEVATOR, IMPROVE- MENT, LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY, with a full paid-up capital of one hun- dred thousand dollars, was brought about by the well-known enterprise of E. B. Purcell, of this place, and Col. John B. Anderson, who, at the outset, determined to found an estab- lishment that would be a credit to the city of Manhattan, the State of Kansas, and themselves. The comjia- ny was incorporated under the laws of the State of Kansas, and has for its officers : E. B. Purcell, President ; John B, Anderson, Treasurer; and James T. Ritchie, Secretary. THE ELEVATOR is one of the largest in the State, and undoubtedly the most complete and convenient of any in the country, com- bining all the latest improvements. The most important of these inventions 48 TJie Pride of Manhattan. is the device for elevatiug and cribbing eat corn by machinery, which is the first arrangement of the kind ever built for cribbing corn, and it was a success from the start. This arrange- ment consists of a large elevator, which carries the corn from the sink hole under the dump . floor to the toji of the crib, and discharges it on a large belt which runs in a box or trough to rear end of crib close under the comb of the roof. There is an iron pulley every eight feet to raise the belt from the bot- tom of the box, thus enabling the belt to carry the load of corn without much friction. This box is so arranged that the corn can be switched off" on either side at every eight feet. This belt re- turns, through a box in the center space in crib floor, and carries the corn from the crib to sheller when wanted. The elevator has a capacity for holding about 25,000 bushels of grain. The cribs attached hold about 15,000 bushels of corn. Everything is so admirably arranged about this institution that al- most everything is done by machinery, but one or two hands being necessary to run the elevator. A wagon loaded with corn drives on- to the scales, in the weighing room, and is weighed. The load is then driven up into the elevator, the end gate taken out, a lever moved, and the hind wheels suddenly sink down about three feet and the corn shoots down tiie opening into the cribbing sink if desired to crib it, or, if it is to be shelled immediately, a valve in the shoot is turned and it goes directly to the shell- er, and is shelled, elevated to the clean- ers, cleaned, weighed, and spouted into the bins, or car, as desired, ALL IN FIVK MTNUTKS, and without being handled in any way except by machinery. The sheller will shell six liundred bushels of corn per hour, or 0,000 per day of ten hours. This is equal to 1,800,00(1 bushels per year, or the pro- duct of 45,(100 acres of land, producing forty bushels per acre. The machinery of the elevator is so admirably arranged that a person on the first floor can operate it witliout moving half a dozen steps. He can shell, elevate it, clean it, weigh it, de- posit it in bins or a car, by simply mov- ing a lever, or by pulling certain cords, all of which are labeled so no mistake can 1)6 made. A register is in the room, whereupon is registered the number of bushels of grain in each bin. DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOURING MILL. The flouring mill, which is the pride of Manhattfin, and, without doubt, the finest and most complete in all its parts of any in the State, is built on the Union Pacific Railroad, adjoining the large elevator built by this Company. The mill is 32x46 feet, four stories high, with basement. The stories were all built high, so as to accommodate the necessary machinery, which lact adds greatly to its value. The walls are very substantialy built of stone, and nicely pointed. The building is well IDroportioned in size, as are also the doors and windows. With its mansard roof, it is a magnificent looking struct- ure, and its Ibundations and solid walls make it a substantial one. In giving a description of this model mill, it is our aim to be as perspicuous as j)Ossible, so that the many visitors may have a good understanding of the numerous machines and the proper use of each. Beginning at the basement, we will describe the machinery of each floor until we reach the toiJ. IN THE BASEMENT will be seen a heavy line of shafting, extending the whole length of the mill house, and through the south wall into the basement of the wareroom. On this end, is a large band \vheel, which is driven by a long, thirty-inch wide, five ply, rubber belt from the large band wheel of engine. On this line shaft, running through the base- ment, are seven 11x45 inch pulleys for drivmg the mill-stojies, one pulley to drive the rolls, one the choj) conveyer, and one the exhaust fan ; also a pair of mortise bevel gears, tx) drive the up- right shaft that extends to the top of the mill, from which the machinery on each floor is driven. The husk The Prid' of MaDhatlau. 49 frames, on wliicb the burrs rest, fire all cast iron of the best and latest improved patterns, and are securely bolted down to brick piers laid up M'ith cement. There is an adjustable tightening- pul- ley, in iron frame, for each run of burrs, conveniently arranged with luind wheels, so that each belt can be tight- ened or slackened with ease, enabling one man to start or stop' either of the seven run without stoityping or chang- ing speed of the engine. The exhaust fan here is a novel device for drawing tlie dampness or steam from the fresh ground chop and from the burrs, thus keei^ing the spouts dry and free frona sour dough, which is a great trouble in most mills. There is a large collecting bin, in connection with this device, in which all the flour dust settles and is saved. Quite a number of elevators, used for elevating the grain, chop, etc., extend down to the basement floor. THE FIRST STORY is an elegantly finished room, the Malls being nicely plastered, and the wood work tastily painted, while the wood work belonging to the machinery is neatly put together, of jaine and black walnut, oiled and varnished. On this floor, are seven run of four feet, best, old-stock French burrs, substantialy mounted on iron husk frames, which stand in line the entire length of the house on one side of the room ; of these, five are fitted with Welch patent heat- ers and used for grinding wheat, and two .for grinding middlings, all with polished brass hoppers and nickel plate ; the entire line presents a grand api)ear- ance. There is also on this floor a set of large rolls, or crushers. This ma- chine weighs o,oOO pounds, and is used for crusliing the coarse portion of the middlings into flour. Also, two "Eu- reka " flour packers that will pack the flour in barrels or sacks of any size as it comes from large bins on second floor. THE SECOND FLOOR contains one of Reiser's improved bolt- ing chests, one Becker brush macliine, and all the bins, or stock hoppers, which contain the cleaned grain and purified middlings ready to be ground. This bolting chest contains four reels, twenty feet long, and nine conveyors. The reels are well braced with truss rods, making them superior to those of other mills, and are clothed with the best silk bolting-cloth, of tlie Du Four & Co.'s brand. Tlu; numerous convey- ors and slides, or " cut oils," are neces- sary, and are used tor regulating the grade of flour, and to convey the portions to be rebolted and worked over to their respective spouts. The Becker brush is one of the best ma- chines for polishing and finishing the wheat ready for grinding. THE THIRD FLOOR is called the "purilier" floor, from the fact that one-half of the room is occu- pied by four large "American Mid- dUngs Rurifiers." These machines are used to purify the middlings, separat- ing the fine bran, and other substances that are detrimental to good flour, from the middlings, leaving them pure and white. From this product, the "pure patent ' ' flour is made, by regrinding and bolting. There is also on this floor one two-reel and one four-reel bolting chest, made after the same style as the one on second floor, an "Eureka" smut machine and an "Excelsior" bran dus- ter. This well-known smutter and sep- arator is acknowledged to be superior to any other machine for taking out the smut balls, scouring the grain, and separating the cheat and imperfect grains from the good wheat. The bran duster is used to brush off and save all the flour that may adhere to the bran alter leaving the bolt. IN THE FOURTH STORV are the heads of all the elevators, twelve in number, on one line shaft, one single-reel bolting chest, one four- reel chest, one Barnard wheat separa- tor, and one corn meal bolt. The single reel is clothed with coarse bolting clotli, for the purpose of separating the bran from the flour before entering the superfine reels, making the work and wear on these exijensive cloths much less than in the old manner of bolting. The four-reel chest is used for sej)arat- ing and dusting the middlings, pre- 50 The Pride of Mauhattcni. paring them for the purifier, and for holtiug tlie crushed middlings that come from the rolls of first floor. The Barnard separator is the best machine in use for separating sticks, straws, oats, cheat and cockle from the wheat. THE MACHINERY, from the engine to the last extremity of shafting, from largest to smallest machine, is the best that could be i^ro- cured for money. And the planning and arranging of the machinery in the entire mill house could not well be iin- l)roved ; for, though the house may seem small for the necessary machin- ery for a seven run mill, it is not ham- pered or crowded, there being plenty of room for any man to pass through to examine all machinery, Avith a suit of fine broadcloth and tall silk hat, and come out without the usual mill marks on his clothes. The bolting chests are all free and convenient to get at, not a spout, post, or elevator in the way of putting on the bolting cloths, nor to in- terfere with the opening of any one of the bolting chest doors on its hinges. Another important feature in the mill is, that the house is not used for the storage of any grain or ofFal. All the grain is stored in the large elevator adjoining the mill, and spouted into the mill as wanted. The offal is all spouted into a building for that purpose, also the dust froin all cleaners and purifiers, leaving the mill liouse clean and unen- cumbered. THE ENGINE HOITSE, l)uilt of stone, is 32x40 feet, one story high above ground, and contains all the necessary machinery for furnisiiing power to l>oth mill and elevator. One thousand and six hundred cubic feet of cut stone masonry were used in ma- king a foundation for the engine, which is a genuine "Corliss," made by the Corliss Hteani Engine Company, of Providence, 11. I., 120 horse power, cyl- inder 18x48 inches, is a high pressure, non-condenser, with Corliss' latest im- proved cut-off. The fly wheel is thir- .y-one inch face, sixteen feet in diame- ter, and weighs 1(5,000 pounds. The total weight of engine is 76,000 pounds. To supply the necessary amount of steam, two of Corliss' centennial pat- tern vertical tubular boilers, four feet in diameter and fourteen feet long are used, being, with furnaces, twenty-two feet in bight. One of Dean's direct acting steam jiumps is used for filling the tank, from which the boilers receive their supply. There is also' connected with the pump a stand pipe, extending to top of mill and elevator, with hose attached on each floor,'' all ready for use in case of fire. At the northwest corner of the en- gine house stands the smoke stack, ten feet at the base and tapering until it reaches the hight of eighty feet from the surface of the ground. THE OFFICE, located west of the mill, is a two story frame structure 24x24 feet. The first story is used for the general office of the company, and for the weighing, on a 22- feet Fairbank's Scale, of all grains going into the elevator on wagons, the arrangement being such as to enable the office man to remain at his desk and do the weighing. The second story is used as a store room for sacks and light supplies for mill and .ele- vator. The Company also has an ELEVATOR AT ST. GEORUE, in Pottawatomie county, seven miles east of Manhattan, of the same capaci- ty, the machinery used being dupli- cates of that used in their elevator in tills place. They also have a mercan- tile establishment at that point, for the purpose of furnishing the residents of Pottawatomie adjacent with goods, be- ing modeled after the business house of E. B. Purcell, In this city, and deal- ing in everything. The Company also has branches at Wabaunsee, Fairfield, and Alma, in Wabaunsee county, on the line of M., A. & B. 11. 11., at which points they handle merchandise, agricultural im- plements, grain, lumber, live stock, and produce of all kinds, furnishing the farmer everything he may wish to purchase, and always ready to buy Rocky Ford MiUfi. ol anything tlic farnier has to sell, at liiglu'st market prieo on day on which it is delivered. They have also pur- chased ground at Ames, in Cloud coun- ty, on the line of the Central Braucii R. R., are huilding granaries and pro- i)ose to estahlish a general business at that point also. ROCKY FORD MILLS. The Rocky Ford Mills, mentioned on page twenty-eight of this work, belong- to E. B. Purcell, of Manhattan, and may, therefore, be very proj^erly refer- red to here. They are located on the Big Blue river, a little more than three miles from ^Manhattan, and de- serve more than a passing notice. The writer has often stood on the bank of the beautiful river, just below the grand water fall made by the dam at Rocky Ford, and watched, with the deepest interest, the great cascade of clear water that pours in an unbroken stream over the dam, uttering its voice of power, and rolling away over the rocky bed of the stream below, and has wondered that so little of this giant power was utilized. THE WATER POWER. Rocky Ford, where these mills are located, derives its name from the fact that there is a smooth, rock bottom entirely across the river at this point, which affords the best kind of a foun- dation for dam, abutments and build- ings. The dam is three hundred and forty-two feet long, and the fall ten feet. There is an unln'oken stream of water, always falling over the entire . length of the dam ; and it is estimated that enough power is unused to run twenty or more mills. The dam is Iniilt of heavy oak timbers, bolted down into the solid rock. The only places in the State where as much power can be obtained are on the Kan- sas river east of ^Manhattan, and at all of those points a part or all of the dams must be built on piles. They also have other drawbacks of so serious a charac- ter that it can l)e safely asserted that, taken as a whole, the Rocky Ford mill power is tiie most valuable 1N(; is a massive structure, 4(»x()() feet, and lour stories high. The entire building is of stone, and the foundations, which are laid on the solid rock, are excep- tionaly strong, iuiving been built four feet thick from tlie l)ottom of the rive]- to the second floor, and tiie stone laid in cement. The mill is furnished with three run of stone, with all necessary machinery for doing flrst-elass work, and is so arranged that two more run can be added at a comparatively small exjjense. PIvENTY OF LAND AND STONE. Mr. Purcell, to whom the mills and water pov\^er lielong, also owns, in con- nection with it, over seven hundred acres of land, including both banks of the river. On the west side of the river, the bank is steep, and one-fourth of a mile back rises into a rocky knoll, or bluff, containing millions of tons of excel ent limestone. Some of the ledg- es furnish stone from one to two feet thick, and from them the foundation of the mill and the abutments of the dam were built. Other ledges are thinner and will furnish stone suitable for building purposes in inexhaustilile quantities. There is a downward in- cline all the distance trom the stone quarries to the water's edge, and stone of the best quality can be delivered on the banks of the river for further im- provements at a merely nominal cost. On the east side of the river, there is a level plain, just high enough to be in no danger of being overflowed, and large enough to furnish room for build- ings, yards, etc., for an extensive man- ufacturing village. The Manhattan and Blue Valley railroad, which has been graded to the north line of the county, runs along the west bank of the river. It is ironed from Manhattan to a point two miles north of the mill property ; and there is no doubt but that this road will be completed, which will still further in- crease the value of this now valuable property. 52 George W. Higinhotham. A BONANZA. Taking- the volume of water, character of river bottom, quality of land, quan- tity and quality of building stone, etc., it is certain that Mr. Purcell has a bo- nanza in this property, and that there must soon be a flourishing village at Rocky Ford. Those who wish to avail themselves of the advantages of this water power should address E. B. Pur- cell, of Manhattan, who will niake lib- eral arrangements with all who wish to embark in any kind of manufactur- ing enterprise at that point. HON. GEO. W. HIGINBOTIIAM. Hon. Geo. W. Higinbotham was born June 3d, 1829, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and was not able to give him a com- plete education. He went forth in the battle of life, with a few months' schooling, obtained at a country school ; and country schools in those days were not of the highest order. However, in spite of these disadvan- tages, as he possessed a naturaly quick mind and great ambition, he has since then acquired a large fund of general intormation, and does not suffer from a comparison with many of those whose entire youth was spent in schools and colleges. No ordinary observer would, in conversation with him, per- ceive that he had not had the best of advantages in the educational line, for he talks fluently, correctly and intelli- gently. In 1845, at the age of sixteen, he commenced clerking in Waynesburg, Greene county, Pa., and there laid the /ouudation for what has since been an unusualy successful business career. In 1850, he removed to Connorsville, P'ayette county, Indiana, where lie commenced merchandising on his own account. Four years afterwards, lie was united in the bonds of matrimony to Miss Sarah Fearris, of that place, from which union there resulted a son — Lewis F. Higinlwtham — now twenty- five years' of age. Soon after his birth, Mrs. Higinbotham was Vjorne to her last resting place, but the motherless boy was well cared for by loving rela- tives. In 1856, the Kansas fever swept through Indiana, and Mr. Higinboth- am was one of its earliest victims. When the haughty slaveocrats of the South spi/rued the "mudsills " of the North, demanded the repeal of the Missouri compromise, announced their intention of compeliug free men all over the Nation to hunt and hold their slaves in subjection for them, and un- dertook by force to make Kansas a slave State, they excited a feeling of in- dignation and horror in the minds of the better portion of the young men of the North (and old ones, too,) that they had not dreamed of, and commenced a contest that was not to end until the last slave had become a free man and an American citizen. Mr. Higinboth- am was one of the earliest of those who took up the gauntlet that had been so contemptuously thrown in the faces of such as did not take pride in fawning at the feet of the (so-called) "chivalry," and resolved that, if he could prevent it, Kansas should not be polluted by the monster whpee pestif- erous breath blasted everything it touched, and in the baleful light of whose vicious eyes could ever be read a notice, " The masses have no rights that lam bound to respect." At that period, Kansas was the poor- est place in the Nation to make money in ; and the Freesoilers wlio came here were as generaly impeled by patriotic emotions as were the blue coated he- roes who subsequently kept step to the music of the Union during the latter phases of this same contest. And we will add that it took as much genuine courage in these days, to leave home and friends hundreds of miles behind, and pass through hostile Missouri and its border ruffiaiis, for the purpose of settling on the tenantless plains of Kansas, and grappling with the un- Qco. W. Iliginbotham. '>^ scrupulous elements congregated upon apiece, they came very near freezing to ber border, backed as they were by the deatli. George looks back to this as general government itself, as it did a few years later to follow the Hag to or- ganized battle against these same men and principles. PIOXKKKING. It was in such a period of the Na- tion's history that, taking his life in one of the most trying nights he can remember, in liis whole life. The next night, two dollars apiece obtained for them the privilege of lying on the bare floor. Journeying on, tlicy cross- ed the Big Blue at Juniata, four miles north of Manhattan, and reached Og- den in April, 1856. After securing his hands (and he had but little else claims, on Eureka bottom, they sold besides a brave heart and clear head to their teams for two hundred ajid twen- bring with him) Mr. Higinbotham left ty-five dollars, and doubled on the pro- his old fireside in the spring of 185G, to visions they had left. Finding out, in build up a new home on the battle this way, that money could be made ground of freedom. Upon reaching the freighting, they footed it back to Leav- city of Leavenworth — the then metrop- enworth, purcliased another team and olis of the Territory — almost the first a load of provisions, and commenced a person he met was his brother Uriah, who, unknown to him, was on his way to California. Uriah had traveled from Virginia to-St. Louis the preced- ing winter, in a "jumper," and had reached Leavenworth a couple of days before, intending to cross the plains from that place with a team. George W. determined to go with him, but, as his health was poor (he then weighed only 95 pounds) Uriah tried to dissuade him from so perilous a journey, saying that he knew he would have to bury him on the plains. George, however, with regular Higinbotham grit, still persisted in his determination to go, until Uriah linaly offered to settle with him in Kansas if he would re- main. This was exactly what George wanted, and they decided to "take claims " near Fort Riley. The two brothers found that it would cost them about twenty-five dollars to reach their intended home by stage ; and as they only had about eighty-flve dollars apiece, they felt that they could not put on so much style. Instead of doing this, they bought a second hand wagon and a yoke of oxen for one hun- dred and twenty-five dollars, and after buying twenty-five or thirty dollars' worth of provisions, etc., "started for the west." The first night they reached Hickory Point, but could not successful career as freighters. At that time, Jefferson City, Missouri, was the nearest railroad point, and goods of all kinds were brought up the -river in steamboats, and wagoned into the in- terior. When going "to the river" the Higinbothams would buy butter, eggs, and produce of all kinds, to sell in Leavenworth, and take orders for goods to be delivered on their return trip. They generaly slept in or under their wagon, but, being better provided with blankets, did not suffer. They also made considerable money selling "Town Company shares." They bought them with the privilege of returning the shares or a certain sum of money at a specified time, and sometimes sold them before that date for more than twice what they were to give. The winter of 1856-7 was one of the severest ever known in Kansas ; and, being compeled to suspend their team- ing operations, they cut Cottonwood logs, hauled them to Ogden to be saw- ed, and erected a pre-emption cabin. The lumber was green, and every fire built inside caused it to sweat and steam in a most uncomfortable and unhealthful manner. In the morning, they would cook their breakfast, of coffee and "slapjacks," fill their pock- ets with the latter, and go off to their procure lodgings, and were compeled work, feasting at noon on the frozen to camp out. The night was very contents of their pockets. Weakly as cold, and, as they had but one blanket he was, it is not surprismg that Mr. 64 George W. Iligiyihotham. Higinbothaiu, more than once that winter, came near dying — a martyr to bis relentless determination to get ahead in the world, cost what it might. In 1857, they were joined by Wm. P, Higiubotham — a younger brother — and the same line of business was kejit up two years longer, during which period they acquired a title to a section or more of land, and other property. AS A MERCHAKT. In 1859, the three brothers exchanged a part of their land for the stock of goods belonging to George Miller, who will be remembered by the old settlers in this place, and immediately com- menced doing a general mercantile business, in Manhattan, vmder the firm name of G. W. & U. Higinbotham & Co. Beside their home business, they freighted extensively to the moun- tains and took a number of govern- ment contracts, in all of which they were remarkably successful, and accu- mulated money with astonishing ra- pidity. In 1864, Uriah Higinbotham died, leaving a widow and three daugh- ters, the eldest of whom. Miss Flora, has since been married to James T. Eitchie, of this place. The property left by the deceased has been so care- fully managed by his brothers, George W. and William P., that, besides sup- porting the family, it has increased to a snug fortune. In 1860, the remaining brothers sold their stock of goods to E. P. Purcell, and established a private banking house, the only one at that date in this section of the State, but, the business not proving congenial to George W's tastes, he remained in it only about a year. In 1867, Mr. Higinbotham formed a partnership with Ashford Btingley and Orville Huntress, under the firm name of Geo. W. Higinbotham & Co., and re-entered the mercantile arena. The new firm did a prosperous and rapidly increasing business until 1875, when Mr. Higinbotham sold his interest to his partners. Since that time, he has devoted himself exclusively to dealing in grain and real estate, of which he is a large owner. As a business man, Mr. Higinboth- am is known all over Kansas, and stands high. In financial matters, his word is as good as his bond, and his bond is worth its face in gold eighteen carats fine. From the day of his first i:)urchase, down to the present time, he has kept his credit good by living up to his contracts with scrupulous fideli- ty ; and this is one of the chief reasons of his suc^ss, for, as soon as his char- acter became known, he could get all the credit he wanted and more. Shrewd and cautious, he takes no step until he know s just where his foot will fall ; but when he starts for an object he never stops until it is reached or even passed. He is already one of the wealthiest men in Kansas, and his riches increase from year to year. He has reached the stage when a careful capitalist can al- most compel success. IN PUBLIC LIFE. As might have been exj)ected of one who came to Kansas to help make it a free State, Mr. Higinbotham was an active partisan in "the times that tried men's souls." In 1858, he was elected to and served as a member of what is known as the Leavenworth Constitu- tional Convention, that framed a con- stitution for the State in opposition to the pro-slavery document called the Lecompton Constitution, which Bu- chanan's administration attempted to force on Kansas. Since that time, he has often represented ISIanhattan in county conventions and the county in district and State conventions. ,He has also been twice elected Mayor of the city and repeatedly to the Council, He would have been kept in official life a large part of the time but for the fact that he never consents to be a can- didate except when the demand for his services appears to be substantialy unanimous. For several years after the admission of Kansas into the Union as a State, Mr. Higiubotham took little part in politics, except when al- most dragged into it, but of late years Oeorge W. Tliginhotham. 55 he devotes more of his time to public matters. lie is now recognized us one of the principal leaders of the Repub- lican party in this i^art of the State, and his influence is steadily spreading. He belongs to the stalwart school of Republicans, — is a great admirer of General Grant, and a warm personal friend and supporter of Hon. John A. Anderson. Indeed, he was one of the first to urge the latter to become a can- didate for Congress. His extensive ac- quaintance with the leading men of the State, his knowledge of human na- ture, and the energy with which he pushes whatever he takes in hand, make him an enemy to be feared and a friend to be desired. IN PRIVATE LIFE. Mr. Higinbotham was married in 1862, to Miss Adelia E. Newell, former- ly of Otsego county, New York, and they have three children living. Es- ther, seventeen years of age; Cornelia, fourteen years ; and Scott, nine. Mrs. Higinbotham is highly esteemed by all who know her ; and well she may be, for, with unusual strength of mind she combines all the qualities needed in a wife and mother. The family reside in a large, plain, stone house, near the business center of town ; and the fact that its head spends his spare time at home speaks volumes for all the mem- bers of the family — himself included. Mr. Higinbotham has three wealthy brothers : Wm. P. Higinbotliara, who lives in Manhattan; Alexander, who lives in Leavenworth ; and John, who lives in Topeka. All have large fami- lies, and, as their family feeling is strong, their influence in every direc- tion must steadily increase." WILLIAM P. IIIOINBOTIIAM. INSURANCE AGENCY. The utilitv and beneficial results of insurance companies, established upon correct principles and a substantial capital, has so long been acknowledged that what ought to be done is not ques- tioned ; but, leaving for individual consideration the question as to when insurance should be taken, and under what circumstances it should be de- layed or omitted, we beg leave to suggest, in this connection, that the best time to insure is before you sus- tain the loss; therefore, delay in this matter is, of all things, most imi^rovi- dent. A moment's candid reflection must convince any thiTiking mind that the policy of providing against loss and disaster by fire, appeals to all who own or are interested in property subject to this impartial and relentless destroyer. In this connection, we desire to call attention to the insurance agency of Wm. P. Higinbotham. Established in 18.59, it has been conducted, since its organization, in such a manner as to merit the entire confidence of the community at large. The substantial character of this agency may be measured by the fact that, at the present time, the gross assets of the companies represented reach very near $50,000,000. We ap- pend a partial list of the companies represented and their assets : J^.tna.of Hartford S7.000.000 Hartford. ofHartford 8.500.000 Connecticut 1.500.000 Home, ofNew York 0,500.000 Niaa-ara 1,400.000 ITnderwriters 8,800.000 Westchester 850.000 Star .585.000 Phoenix 2,.50O.O00 Ins. Co., IST. America, Phila., 6, .500,000 Franklin, Phila 8.245.000 Girard 1,101.000 Lancashire of Eng 878,000 Commercial Union 1,6.53,000 56 Wm. P. Higinbothani. In presenting the name of Mr. Hig- inbotham to the readers of this work, it will be at once recognized in this community as that of a well-known and honored citizen, who has resided in Manhattan over twenty-four years, and, during that time, been prom- inently identified with the bvisiness interests of the city and county ; and, for the past twenty-one years, in af- fording security to citizens against the ravages of the devouring elements, or losses from unforeseen and unavoidable accidents. He is a gentleman eminently quali- fied for the responsible position which he holds, that of banker and insurance agent ; and his name is a sufficient guarantee that, in case of loss, prompt- ness will follow in the adjustment of claims, and speedy payment ensue without unnecessary and annoying de- lay and litigation. His motto has al- ways been to receive good and equit- able rates for policies, and then to see that the policy holder, in case of loss, receives the full compensation which he is entitled to ; and he will represent no company that will quibble in the least about paying its just dues. HIS BANK. . Mr, Higinbothani has conducted successfully, since it was first organ- ized, the oldest Banking House in Central Kansas. With a large capital and good line of deposits, this Bank has, since its organization in 1859, pur- sued a career of uninterrupted jjrosper- ity. It is universaly conceded to be one of the leading and among the most solid financial institutions in Kansas ; and its patrons and depositors are com- posed of the leading farmers and busi- ness men of the city and surrounding country. George A. Higinbothani, son of Wm. P. Iliginbotliam, is the com- petent and efficient cashier. The cor- respondents of this Bank are among the leading monetary houses in the country, and its record for the last twenty-two years has been of the most spotless and unsullied character. HIS FINE STOCK. Mr. Higinbotham has also several extensive farms, both in Riley and Pottawatomie counties, which are man- aged under his own supervision, with the best of success, and on which he raises thousands of bushels of corn each year, which is brought in and fed to his extensive herds of Shorthorns and grade cattle, horses, mules and hogs. These herds deserve a special notice, and^the particular attention of our readers is called to the page of this work where Mr. Higinbotham oflfers for sale some of this choice stock, which we, in a measure, shall attempt to de- scribe. (In the same connection he will offer some valuable real estate on the best of terms.) Mr. Higinbotham's corrals are lo- cated southwest from the city, just out- side the corj)oratiou limits. We doubt if a better location for stock feeding jiurposes can be found in the State, The beautiful Kansas river, as it 'sweeps in from the south, passing close under the Moehlman bluflf's, is joined by the Wild Cat from the northwest, a short distance above the corrals, and, hurrying to the east, passes by t-o the south, on its way to join the Father of Waters, in its journey to the sea, and aflbrds water for the stock, as it runs, rippling, pure and sweet, at their feet. The corrals are protected by timber and high bluffs on the north. Strong, substantial board fences extend back from the river to the bluff, divid- ing the grounds into yards, in which the stock is divided or subdivided, to suit the wishes of the owner. At the time of our visit to these yards, there were being fi$ a greater variety or sells at prices more reasonable. CARPETS, BLANKETS, WALL PAPER, ETC. Stingley & Huntress' store has, for a number of years, been considered the emporium for this class of goods. All grades and varieties are kept by them, and they defy competition. BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS. No firm in the city is better qualified to or does bring to this market a line of boots and shoes better suited to the wants of this community than Sting- ley & Huntress. Their extensive trade in goods of this kind, during the last five years, has enabled them to find out the best manufactories in the coun- try, and of them they buy. No better quality of goods is handled in the city, and the stock is full and complete, and you can buy of them at very reasona- ble prices anything from the coarsest brogans to the finest kid slippers. Their stock will bear the closest exam- ination. HARDWARE. It would be impossible for us to enu- merate every article of the great varie- ty of goods which may be found upon the shelves and counters of this exten- sive department, and we, therefore, mention only some of the leading arti- cles most commonly used by the far- mers and mechanics of this vicinity. The hardware business of this estab- lishment was added but a few years ago, and was originaly started in a comparatively small way, but has steadily increased with the otlier de- partments until it now ranks second to no otlier establishment in the city, in the variety and quality of goods car- Stinffhif d- Huntress. 61 ricd. Here may bo fouiul every de- scription of foreign and domestic hard- ware, blacksmitli and carpenter tools, agricultural implements, saddlery and carriage trimmings, builders' hard- ware, iron, nails, animunition and fishing taclvle, glass, paints, oils, var- nislies, brushes, liand sleiglis, counter- scales, lawn mowers, cutlery, etc. In cutlery of all kinds, a specialty is made, and one can rest assured that every article of this description j^ur- chased ot Stingley & Huntress, is first- class in every particular. MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. Under this head may be classed all other goods not named or described above ; for, we can assure you, that there are very few articles in trade, in Kansas, but what are handled by this enteri:>rising firm. You will here find clocks and jewelry, perfumery, per- fumed oils and extracts, sewing ma- chines, (the Dauntless, than which there is no better machine manufac- tured and which they are selling at $25.00), cigars and tobacco of the best brands, chemicals, patent or proprie- tory medicines, tin and copper ware, confectionery, plumbers' outfits, milli- nery and fancy goods, dyes of all shades, flour and chopped feed, &c., &c. Here, also, farm produce, such as butter, cheese, eggs, potatoes, &c., are received in exchange for goods or cash, at the option of the producer. At certain seasons of the year, large shipments of farm products are made by this firm to. Denver, Colorado, and other western points, where they have an extensive correspondence. If our indulgent readers will now al- low us to introduce them into the ex- tensive warehouse used by this firm principally for storing away the coarser articles handled by them ; such as barbed wire, cordage, machinery, &c., we have no doubt but that they will join in saying ; it is the most complete and extensive, as well as supplied with the best farming implements, &c., of any similar establishment in this section of our great state of Kansas. The warehouse is situated in the rear of the store, but is easily approached from several different directions. It is a one story, frame building, 28x110 feet, and at all times in the year may be found filled to its utmost capacity with AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND FARM MACHINERY. If he who causes two blades of grass to grow where but one grew before, is a public benefactor, what should the man or firm be called who, by inven- tive genius and skill, enables one man to do the work of scores, and produce scores of acres of life-giving grain where in olden times but one could be properly secured and cared for with the clumsy, cumbersome utensils and implements of less than half a century ago? Conservative agriculturists of those days ridiculed the idea that ma- chinery could be made to supersede sickles and cradles ; and if they had been told that within the short space of fifty years they would see their sons riding over their fields on sulkies, with plows attached, doing better work and more of it than they ever dreamed could be done, they would have laugh- ed at the profits. Yet all these things have come to pass and old veterans of the plowshare are to be seen in every community, who would be unable to follow their vocations were they obliged to time their tottering and fee- ble steps to the old walking plow ; but, as they occupy the easy seat of the Hapgood Sulky Plow, they laugh aloud as they say, "I ani doing more and better work now than I did in my palmiest days." Stingley & Huntress only, sell this plow. There is no other plow that has been able to compete with it in any field for its lightness of draft and ease in handling, as the fol- lowing certificates will show : We, the undersigned, having been chosen a committee, by the farmers present, to test the draft and work of the Hapgood Sulky Plow, as compared with a Furst& Bradley Walking Plow, report as follows : Manhattan, July 28. The Hapgood Sulky is very easy to 62 Stingley & Huntress. throw out of the ground in turning ; lays out and finishes a land perfectly ; can be adjusted to any depth or leveled while the team is in motion ; does first class work, and is lighter on the team than the walking plow, the following being the result of a careful test with a Fairbanks' dynamometer: HapgoocVs Sulky Ploiv. Width of cut, 16 inches. Depth of furrow, 7.7 " Average draft, 500 pounds. Furst & Bradley'' s Walking Ploiv. Width of cut 14 inches. Depth of furrow, 7.7 inches. Average draft, 502 pounds. Both plows were in good order. ((Signed by) J. E. Spalding, Jas. Al- lingham, J. F. Craig, Jerome King, Jas. G. Williams, Henry Daniels, J. A. Hardy. At Riley Center the same report was made by the following committee, with the exception that the Hapgood was there in competition with the Mishawaka walking plow, and the av- er.^.ge draft was, Hajigood plow, 4772 lbs., and the Mishawaka walking plow, 510 lbs. C. W. Knapp, C. Oldham, J. Roberts, A. Kerr, Allen Sumners, C. Ellis, B. Dallinger, K. D. Jones, R. Walker and C. W. Brackett, Com- mittee. In its trial with the Furst & Bradley plow, it came the near€'st to being de- feated that it ever had been. Stingley & Huntress immediately accepted the agency for that plow, and placed it in the market. Tliese two plows are now acknowledged tlie best in the market, and we would say, farmers, look to your interests, and when you want a plow, see the Hapgood and Furst & Bradley's, before purchasing. Stingley & Huntress also handle the Brown Corn Planter, which needs no recommendation. Everybody knows tliat it is now and for many years has been the best planter made. It now has the Oj^cn Heel Drop, carrying the seed into full view, avoiding all dan- ger of clogging or leaving the corn on top of the ground, so objectionable in most planters. The Buckeye Drill, sold by Stingley & Huntress, is now and always has been the leading drill. It is a force feed grain sower, and has an ingenious device for measuring the amount of grain sown per acre, as well as meas- uring the ground sown. It sows even- ly, and just as well on rough, uneven ground — which cannot be claimed by any other drill. Corn Stalk Cutters. Two or three of the best varieties are kept. There are none better in the market. The Bain Wagon, the standard of excelence. This wagon continues to be the lightest draft, best painted, most durable, strongest, finest finished, most popular, and the prize wagon at our fairs. That the best is always the cheapest is a recognized fact, and the Bain has always been considered the best wagon, by the farmers, since its first introduction by Stingley & Hunt- ress. Every wagon is sold under a warrant. If you want the best wagon in the market for all purposes, buy the Bain. It will never fail you. In Barbed Wire several different brands and makes are kept, that the wants of all may be supplied. Tons upon tons of this wire are sold each season, which enables this firm to turn it over to the farmers at prices that defy competition. There are many other articles, such as corn shellers, harrows, wind mills, threshing machines, etc., whicli we have not space to give more than a passing mention of. But as they are sold by this responsible firm, it is a sure guarantee that they are firstclass, and that the market affords none better. J. R. Young is the efi^lcient book- keeper, and has been engaged with the firm as such for a number of years. He is a young man of sterling quali- ties, and is recognized by all as one possessing an unblemished character, and remarkable ability in his chosen profession. He is also Clerk of the City Council, and fulfils his duties to the satisfaction of all. Stinglcy & Huntress. 63 A. STINOLEY, the senior member of this firm, is a native of Virginia, coming to Kansas a short time after tlie war closed, lie soon afterward <)ccu2>ied a position as salesman in the firm of Higinbothani Brothers, which position he held until 1869, when he became one of the firm, and to his energy and indomitable en- terprise, in connection with his fine taste in selecting goods for our market, is largely due the success and high reputation this liouse sustains. He does all the buying for the dry goods department, and visits New York City twice a year for that purpose. He is a hard worker, besides being anexcelent salesman, and, during the working hours, spends his time among the dif- ferent departments, lending a helping hand, and seeing that everything is moving in its proper way. He is an honored member of our city council, and holds the responsible position of chairman of the street committee. At no time since the organization of the corporation has there been so many im- provements made in our streets and sidewalks, as during the past season ; and it is largely due to his indefatigable efforts to improve and beautify, in ev- ery way possible, " the beautiful city." Mr. Stingley is a self made man. Landing in Manhattan comijaratively poor, he has accumulated a considera- ble property, and built for himself one of the most beautiful residences in the city, which is represented in the ac- companying cut : On the first day of January, 1870, Mr. Stingley married Miss Louise Pen- nock, of Leavenworth, and has three children, viz : Uzzie Lee, nine years old, liOuis, six, and Henry, three. Mrs. Stingley is highly esteemed by all who know her. Modest in her manners, pure and gentle in her spirit, an earnest worker in every good cause, and an exemplary wife and mother, she adorns the handsome home her husband has made for her. OKVII.LE HUNTRESS, the junior partner of the firm, was born January 7, 1846, in Oxford county, Maine. He came to Kansas with his father, Amasa Huntress, in the spring of 1857. He commenced to learn the the printing ^i^business in 1859, but remained in it only a few years, and, after clerking awhile for the Higin- bothams, entered the banking house of Wm, P. Higinbotham, and remained with him as book keeper until he be- came a partner in the firm of G. W. Higinbotham & Co. In the present firm, he attends especialy to the corres- pondence, book-keejiiug and general management, and has established an enviable reputation as a business man. When he left the employment of Mr. Higinbotham, the banker, that gentle- man said he was the only book-keeper he had ever had that he had not known to make a mistake. His breadth of grasp and attention to details are re- markable, and are among the chief reasons for his success. We say "among" the chief, for the principal one of all is his unswerving integrity. Mr. Huntress was raised in this com- munity, and if, as man or boy, he ever did anything mean or dishonest, the fact has never become known. There is not a man in Manhattan who is more universaly and justly respected than Orville Huntress. He seems to have little or no taste for political life, but has nevertheless held a number of important positions, and always with credit to himself. He is one of our most public-spirited citizens, and, in an unostentatious manner, is ever striving to benefit his rA Sting ley & Huntress. fellow-men. It was largely due to his enthusiastic, self-sacrificing energy, that the Riley County exhibition at Bismarck Fair was so grand a success. He gave to it much of his time and brains, and never allowed a single de- tail to be overlooked, from the begin- ning of the contest to the drawing of the prize. He visited every part of the county to enlist the farmers, and spent more than a week on the fair ground, superintending the arrangement of the display. Mr. Huntress has accumulated a handsome competency, and, as he is careful in business matters and inex- pensive in his habits, it is probable that he will be numbered among the wealthy men of the land. In 1866, Mr. Huntress married Miss Louise Stingley, a sister of Ashford Stingley , his partner. She was a light- hearted, winsome lady, and her death, "which occurred a few months ago, cre- ated a profound impression in our com- munity, where she was so uuiversaly beloved. Siie left two children, viz : Katie, twelve years old, and Edith, two. P. W. ZEIGLER. DEALER IN HARDWARE. In enumerating the different lines of business carried on in Manhattan, that of the hardware dealers should receive a conspicuous place. P. W. Zeigler, the most prominent of these dealers, came to Manhattan and entered into business in 1867, He fully mastered his trade of tinsmith in Illinois, serv- ing an apprenticeship, and working thereafter fourteen years as a journey- man, before he set up in business for himself, in Cedar Ilapids, Iowa. He spent a few very prosperous years at that place, but, meeting with a good offer, he sold lant3 are becoming very popular among those who have had the privilege of testing their worth, of which a large supply will be raised. Cabbages, toma- toes and other plants will be furnished in abundance. They have now an excelent cellar, holding one thousand bushels, for storing sweet potatoes and other veg- etables ; but they have in contempla- tion the erection of one of twice the capacity of ^the present one, which they intend to complete the present season. The efforts of these enterprising men are highly ap])reciated ; and tlie sym- pathy in their loss last spring, caused by the heavy winds which pervaded this section at that time, destroying, to a considerable extent, the plants which had been put out by them, and crip- pling their resources to a certain ex- tent, was spontaneous. Their indefat- igable efforts to repair their losses. 74 Short Bros. gained them the respect of all. These gardens, under their present manage- ment, are destined to become one of the principal features in the trade in Manhattan, and tliat they may thrive and prosper is the wish of every citi- zen of the i^lace. a F. KEABLES. CARRIAGE MANUFACTURER. when a good, durable wagon or car- riage is wanted, Keables is the man who must make it. At our Fair last fall, there was nothing that attracted more attention, or received more enco- miums, than the display of carriages manufactured by Mr. Keables. He is well qualified to carry on the business. Being a thorough gentleman, courteous and obliging, brimful of pluck and en- ergy, he gains and retains the respect of all who patronize him. Among the various manufacturing establishments which have contributed to the wealth and i^rosperity of the city of Manhattan, is the carriage man- ufactory of C. F. Keables, which has gained a wide reputation in this vicini- ty for the elegant and substantial ve- hicles turned out by him. Mr. Kea- bles is a native of Norwich, Connecti- cut, where he resided until he came to Kansas, in 1870. Immediately on his arrival, he entered into his present business, with his brother, A. L. Kea- bles, as a partner. By hard work and careful management, an extensive trade was soon established. During the grassliopper raid and drouths of 1874-5 their business was nearly pros- trated, and the firm dissolved j^artner- ship. His brother continued the busi- ness a short time, but his shop and tools were soon afterward destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1878, Mr. C. F. Keal)les opened his present shop on Poyntz avenue, where he has since been engaged in manufacturing and repairing all kinds of wagons, bug- gies and spring wagons. From this beginning his business has increased rapidly, and he is now on the high road to prosperity. He is at present turning out some of the finest and most dura- ble carriages in Kansas. The secret of his success is, that he uses only the best material in their construction, employs none but skilled workmen, and carefuly oversees every depart- ment personaly. The strength, dura- bility and superior finish of his work has given him a wide reputation; and BOOK& PIERS ON. MEAT MARlvET. This popular meat market is located on Poyntz Avenue, half way between Second and Third streets — one of the finest locations in the city. M. H. Book, the senior member of this firm, is a Pennsylvanian by birth. He fol- lowed the butchering business fourteen years, in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, during which time he succeeded in ac- cumulating a handsome competence. The panic of 1873 probably affected the iron manufacturers more severely than any other class of people, and it being this class that Mr. Book was princi- paly dealing with, he lost heavily — over $14,000 in book accounts. Clos- ing up his business he found he had about $5,000 left, and started for Kan- sas. He landed in Wamego in the spring of 1878, near which place he ran a farm for one year. He found out, however, that he was not cut out for a farmer, and came to Manhattan in the spring of 1879, and commenced busi- ness at his old trade, in Gardner's Block, removing to liis present quar- ters the spring following. Mr. Book is a first class butcher, and is consid- ered by many the best judge of cattle in the city. He has made many warm friends since he came among us. J. J. Pierson bought out an interest in the market last fall. He is a south- ern man by birth, and brings with him that open-hearted, free and easy Book & JPicrson. 75 manner so common to that class, and which secures at once the respect and good will of the people. He has spent many years buying and selling cattle, and is an expert at the business. He attends to all the buying for the mar- ket, and nothing but the best will be put on sale for their customers. The firm, as it is now organized, possesses rare ability, both in making a success of the business and in pleasing their customers. Their business is increas- ing each day, and they are now killing and selling about two-thirds of the meat sold in the city. They also keep their market well supplied with dried meats, hams, pickled pork, bacon, fish, etc. The Bologna sausage manufac- tured at this market has gained a wide reputation, and is considered the best made in Central Kansas. PETER COOL. CARPENTER AND BUILDER. JACOB WINNE. STONE AND BRICK MASON. Jacob Winne was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., October 23, 1821, and learned the trade of a stone and brick mason while quite young. In 1859, he removed to Kansas, and settled on a farm near Manhattan, upon which he built a fine, large stone house. While carrying on the farm, and since his removal to town in 1875, he built a large number of the best stone houses in Manhattan and Riley county ; among which may be mention- ed four of the college buildings, the new school house, the Purcell mill house and engine room, and residences for Wm. P. Higinbotham, Judge Pipher, John Mails, O. Dodge, etc. In the summer of 1872, he went to Chicago and built an elevator for Armour & Munger and another for Hough Bros. Mr. Winne is universally admitted to be a most excelent mechanic. Peter Cool, the subject of this sketch, was born near Wilksbarre, Pennsyl- vania, in 1834, and is, consequently, forty-six years of age. He learned the trade of wheelwright and carpenter when eighteen years old, since which time he has been a contractor and build- er, spending but two months in the past seventeen years as a journeyman. He spent four years putting up mills, etc., in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, but returned to Pennsylvania in 1802, since which time he has been connected with the large corporations of that State, as foreman of large gangs of men, and as a contractor and builder of their stations and freight houses, car shops, machine shops, round houses, engine houses, coal breakers, trestle works, and timbering the open- ings to the mines, repairing mine pumps, and building water tanks. He also at the same time contracted for and put up a large number of churches, dwellings, tenements, etc.; and in several cases was called upon to set up and put in operation the ma- chinery of some of their large manu- facturing establishments. Among the different comj)anies with which he was engaged will be found the following (and some of the recom- mendations which he received from some of their principal officers when leaving them, will be found attached to this sketch). A. Pardee & Co., Ashburton Coal Co., Central Coal Co., John Searl & Co., Wilksbarre Coal and Iron Co., Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co., Cen- tral Railway Co. of New Jersey, of which he had charge of the fioating gang for over five years. Compeled to leave Pennsylvania on account of his health, he came to Kan- sas in 1878, stopping first at Junction City. He visited jNIanhattan a short time after, and was at once captivated with the beauty of the city and re- solved to make this place his home. His family and goods came on soon af- Peter Cool. terward, and since that time he has lived at the foot of Humboldt street. He has been engaged in many fine and complicated jobs since his arrival, and his work shows him to be a finished mechanic of a superior type. He has a very pleasing family — wife and three grown up children, consisting of one son and two daughters. One of the daughters is the wife of F. L. Dana, the affable clerk in Winter- mute's store. Mr. Cool has made many warm friends since he came to Manhattan, and his courteous manner to all who apijroach him, on business or other- wise, retains them as such. If you intend building, no one is better quali- fied to assist you with advice or la- bor than he. Central, Railroad Go. of New Jersey, Transportation Dep't. Wilkesbarre Station, Jan. 5, 1877. The bearer, Mr. Peter Cool, has been in the employ of the Lehigh Coal & Nav. Co., and the Central Railroad Co. of New Jersey, at least five years, and it aflJbrds me pleasure to say that I re- gard him as being trustworthy and re- liable in all respects, and fully compe- tent to take charge of all kinds of frame work, such as dwellings, breakers, en- gine houses, car shojis, trestling, etc. Respectfuly, D. A. P^ele, Master of Bridges and Buildings. J. Drunsheleer, Ass't Master of Bridges and Buildings. Wilkesbarre, Pa., \ P'ebruary 6th, 1878. j i The bearer of this, Peter Cool, has been in my employ as master mechan- ic or foreman. I consider him reliable in every respect, and know hijn to be a mechanic competent to take charge or^ superintend the construction of buildings. Respectfuly, W. W. Neiier, Builder. S. PILLSBURY. WHOLESAEE AND RETAIL BOOT AND SHOE DEALER. In early life, Mr. Pillslnuy, who is a native of New Hampshire, had sever- al years' training in the jobbing trade in Boston, Massachusetts. But the climate of that city was too trying to his constitution, and he removed into the country, and, for a number of years longer, continued to trade and to manul^cture shoes as well. Later in life, he became a Baptist minister, and, for fifteen years (includ- ing two years spent at a theological school), he devoted himself entirely to the cause of his Master, and was uni- formly successful in the pastorate. LTnable to stand the climate of New England, he removed to Manhattan, and preached several years in this place; but, his health still declining, he was finaly compeled to retire from the stated ministry. He has a brother in New England who is an extensive shoe manufacturer, and, uaturaly yielding to his advice, he decided to return to his original vocation. Accordingly, he opened an exclusively boot and shoe store in Manhattan, in the fall of 1878. Mr. Pillsbury's store was the first extensive and exclusive boot and shoe store in Manhattan ; and, in conse- quence of the fact that almost every merchant in town kept a larger or smaller stock in this line, some pre- dicted that he would fail. But this expectation proved not to be well founded. Mr. Pillsbury knew what he was about when he started, and, in- stead of failing, his business has gone on increasing until he has become one of the acknowledged fixtures of the place. Mr. Pillsbury started in with the de- termination to keep first-class goods, and not to misrepresent anything. Of course, every dealer is liable to get de- ceived himself occasionaly. Mr. Pillsbury's rule is to take back any article he sells that does not come up to the standard, or, in some way, to make good the recommendation he gave the goods. He would rather lose a pair of shoes occasionaly than a cus- tomer, and the course he pursues must continue to cause his business to in- crease. He is still working on the line of keejiing first-class articles without S. Pillsbun/. 77 charging the high prices usualy put upon such goods. As Mr. Pillsbury buys directly from the manufacturers in the East, at Job- bers' prices, lie is able to sell at less rates than other dealers ; and, as he de- votes himself entirely to this line, he is able and does carry the most extensive assortment in town. It is to the interest of every place to build up specialties, for it is only in this way that men can be enabled to carry a large stock, and buy and sell goods at the lowest rates ; and it is therefore plain that the people who trade at Manhattan will advance their own interests by purchasing from Mr. Pillsbury. If you do nothing else, at least call and examine his goods and prices. fairly represented in the accompanying cut, and is 25x60 ft. It is built of stone. GEO. W. HABROP. DRUGGIST. It is not yet six years since Mr. Har- rop located in Manhattan, and in that short space of time, there is no man better known to the citizens of this city and the surrounding country, than the gentleman whose trade mark ah injY/o has been, ^^ Ptcre Drugs, Bottom Prices.'" He is a native ot Pennsyl- vania. He was engaged in the drug business in Leavenworth, Kansas, for seven years. On selling the busi- ness there, he purchased the drug store of the Kehoe Brothers, on the corner of Poyutz avenue and Second street. He was poor, as far as dollars and cents were concerned, but rich in per- severance and energy, good business tact, and a thorough knowledge of the drug business. He moved to the front as the leading druggist in the city. His trade rapidly increasing, he found it necessary to erect his present large and commodious store, in order to in- crease his stock to that point which his trade demanded. The building is The front is of cut stone and brick, two stories high,- fourteen and twelve feet resi^ectively between joists, with a cellar under the entire building. There are three entrances from Poyntz Ave- nue : one leading to the second story, and the two entering the pharmacy Hanking a large bay window, which is always decorated in a neat and tasteful manner, with those articles pertaining to a first-class and well regulated drug store. As you enter the pharmacy, the im- j)ression is immediately conveyed that one who thoroughly understands the business has control ; that it is, in fact, a drug store. Nickel plated show cases, eleven in number, the finest in the city, adorn the counters. A splen- did soda fountain, flanked by a very large, French plated mirror, adds to the beauty of his well arranged jihar- macy. The laboratory is in the rear of the main room. The upper story is used by Mv. Harrop as a dwelling, and is so nicely arranged and litted up for that purpose that the inconveniences generaly attached to upstairs apart- 78 Oeo. W. Harrop. ments are entirely avoided, and it is ac- counted the most convenient dwelling of the kind in the city. A convenient stone stable, with an ice house holding forty tons, and a bin that holds a car load of coal, has lately been erected by Mr. Harrop, in the rear of his store, at a cost of five hundred dollars. Mr. Harrop gives his individual at- tention to the business. No cheap or impure drugs iind a place on his shelves. Nothing but drugs and the paraphernalia pertaining to a drug store are kept. He is a druggist of ac- knowledged ability, and he manufac- tures a large share of his solid and flu- id extracts, together with many other pharmaceutical preparations. No one appreciates more, or knows better, how to handle printer's ink than Mr. Harrop, and to this may be traced a large portion of his success in business. His locals are always spicy and to the point ; never failing to at- tract the attention of the reader. He is prol)ably doing more business in his line than all the other dealers in the city. He owns the handsome building he now occupies, in connection with the Kehoe property ; discounts his bills of merchandise, and owes no man a dollar. He is highly respected in the community as a man of honor, integ- rity and rectitude of purpose, and no man jwssesses a warmer friendship from the peojjle at large. MAJOR N. A. ADAMS. DEAI.KR IN IjIVE STOCK AND l.UMBKR. The facility which the Major pos- sesses for handling liv-e stock and lum- ber cannot be bettered. Located near the Kansas Pacific depot, he has a side track running the entire length of his extensive lumber yard, from which his lumber is unloaded du-ectly into the yard with the least amount of ex- pense and trouble possible. His lumber trade is unequaled by any other yard in the city, and the quality of the lumber which he fur- nishes is always up to the point of ex- celence that he says it is. His stock yards are located in the rear of his lumber yard, and are fur- nished with a private chute by which a large number of the cars that come in loaded' with lumber are sent out loaded with live stock. Improve- ments in these yards are being made every day, and there is nothing in which the Major delights so much as neatness and having everything in its place. The reputation which Manhattan sustains as the best market for stock in central Kansas, is largely due to Mr. Adams. He buys and ships over three-fourths of the cattle and hogs that leave this point, and he does it with very little expense compared with that which other buyers are sub- ject to, as he stays quietly at home while others are running the country over ; for there are none of our stock- men within a radius of twenty miles who would think of selling their stock until they had seen the Major and got his prices. He receives private dis- patches each day from the eastern markets, and, when the markets are fluctuating, two or more are often re- ceived. He never asks what is being paid by others, but establishes his own prices and brings them up to the point where he can make a fair, living profit, and never varies. By the course which the Major in- variably pursues, he has gained the entire confidence of the community; and we know of many instances where stockmen from a distance have driven in their cattle without previously see- ing him, knowing that they were sure to receive the highest market price, whatever it might be, the same as though a bargain had previously been made. Mr. Adams was one of the early settlers of Manhattan, and has enjoyed all the honors in our city government that a grateful people could bestow up- on him, and he is to-day its Mayor. R. J. Harper. 79 HON. B. J. HARPER. CLERK DISTKICT COURT, CONVEYAN- CER AND CLAIM AGENT. The subject of this sketch was borii October 25th, 1823, in Ross county, Ohio. In 1847, he removed to Iowa and taught school in Marion and Desmoines counties. In 18ol, he went into mercantile bus- iness in Desmoines county and remain- ed in that vocation about five years, acliieviiig fair success. In I8r)6, lie sold his store and engaged in milling for two or three years. Dur- ing this period, the financial crash of 1857 ruined an immense number of men, and when Mr. Harper sold his mill in 1859, he was poorer than when he bought it. In the spring of that year he came to Kansas, and, after remaining a couple of months in Topelva, located in Man- hattan, whicii has been his home ever since. He soon afterward built the stone house now occupied by Hon. Geo. W. Higinbotham, and, in the fall of 1859, was elected to the office of County Clerk and Register of Deeds, which po- sition he filled for two years. When the Nation was struggling for its life, Mr. Har^oer was not content to remain in ease at home but, in August, 1862, decided that, instead of being a candidate for re-election to office, he would don the blue. Accordingly, he enlisted as a private in Company G. of the 11th Regiment of the Kansas Volunteers ; but, upon the organization of the regiment, he was appointed regi- mental quartermaster sergeant, and served in that capacity about a year. In September, 1863, when the Elev- enth Kansas was transformed into a cavalry regiment, he was appointed First Lieutenant and Commissary of Subsistance. During the greater part of the remainder of the war. Lieuten- ant Harper filled other than regimental positions. For six months he was post Quartermaster at Independence, Mis- souri, and at other times served as Com- missary of Subsistence on the staflTs of General McKean and General Sykes, in diflferent parts of Missouri, Arkan- sas, and the Indian Territory. In February and March of 1865, he was Quartermaster and Commissary of Subsistence for the Eleventh Kan- sas, during its campaign on the plains after the Indians. There was little chance for glory on this expedition; but, on account of the extreme severity of the weather, it is said to have caused more suffering than any single cam- jiaign of the regiment in rebeldom. Lieutenant Harper was honorably discharged in July, 18G5, and returned to Manhattan with a record of which he may well be proud. He had dem- onstrated that he possessed unusual clerical and executive ability ; and, at a time when corruption in his depart- ment was supposed to be almost univer- sal, he was so scrupulously exact in his accounts and all his dealings that he was never even suspected of pecula- tion. In 1866, he was elected Probate Judge of Riley county and Clerk of the Dis- trict Court. He was re-elected Probate Judge five times and Clerk of the Dis- trict Court six times (which position he still fills), and nearly, if not quite always, ran ahead of his ticlcet. As an officer as well as an individual, he is one of the most accommodating of men, and this fact has secured him hosts of friends, esijecialy in the country. Judge Harper has also served as Jus- tice of the Peace and Police Justice, and has been three times elected a meml)er of the City Council. In addition to his official duties, Mr. Harper transacts a large general con- veyancing and claim agency business. He has almost a monopoly of the con- tested land cases in this section, and so clear is his understanding of the na- tional laws governing in such cases, that he has secured the reversal or modification of several rulings of the Department of the Interior. He gives a great deal of attention to pension matters, and is generaly suc- cessful in the cases that he takes hold of. In all his correspondence with the Pension Bureau and Land Department, 80 B. J. Harper. he is careful not to push a claim that he does not believe to be just, and this fact gives him more influence than can be wielded by less honest agents. Although he does not make a special- ty of it, he places a considerable num- ber of loans of money every year for eastern parties who are aware of his re- liability and carefulness. He also, as an incidental matter, pays taxes on lands for non-residents, and buys and sells real estate. In 1852, Mr. Hari)er married Miss Catharine Pierce, of Woodburn, Illi- nois. She is a most excelent lady and is respected by all who know her. Not having been blessed with children, the Judge and Avife adopted two orphan girls, and have brought them up exact- ly as though they were their own. The eldest. Miss Josephine, was edu- cated at the Kansas State Agricultural College, and is now sui)i)orting herself teaching school ; while the younger. Miss Nellie Maud, is now following in her footsteps. All honor to those who have enough of the spirit of Christ in their souls to lead them, through long years, to give shelter, food, clothing, ed- ucation and love to helpless ones who have no especial claim on them, but who, without this Christian charity, of which there is such rarity, would have had a cheerless, if not worse, lot before them. In 1867, the Judge built the stone house in which he now lives, and the grounds about which are tastefuly and comfortably arranged. By close attention to business and j^rudence, he is supposed to have laid by enough to be able to look at the future with the full consciousness that he and his are provided for. LYMAN & WABD. PHY.SICIANS AND SUKOEONS. Dr. L. .f. Lyman, the senior member of tliis firm, was born in Springfield, Illinois, in 1838. He graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in New York City, in 1862, and located in Trenton, N. J., wher6 he practiced medicine for four years. In the year 1866, he located in Man- hattan, Kansas, and, Avith the excep- tion of a few years spent in St. George, eight miles east of this city, has re- mained here ever since. He has always made a specialty of surgery, and has performed a great many skilful operations. He has the largest and best collection of surgical instruments owned by any one in Cen- tral Kansas, and, being very ingenious, has invented several of great value, the want of which he had felt in his practice. Dr. M. B. Ward was born in Huron county, Ohio, in 1848. He commenced his medical course in the spring of 1872, under the preceptorship of F. King Owen, M. D., of Ypsilauti, Mich., In consequence of poor health, he re- moved, in 1874, to Western Texas. There he continued his medical studies a portion of the time, with T. C. Gil- lespie, M. D. In the spring of 1876 they formed a co-partnership, and spent several months in the Republic of Mexico, practicing medicine and surgery. The Doctor came to Manhattan in 1877, and finished his medical course in Keokuk (Iowa) College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, in 1879. The same year he was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon of the Kansas Military Guards, which position he still holds. In April, 1879, the present co-part- nership was formed, and since that time their business has steadily and rapidly increased. They are both men of high personal character as well as medical ability, and have the confi- dence of the entire community. They are hard students, and keep posted on the medical investigations and discov- eries of the day. They do not pretend to keep a drug store, but, finding it gives better satis- faction to their patrons to have the physician fill his own prescriptions, they keep on hand an assortment of drugs for that purpose. The B. & K. V. Commercial Agency. 81 THE BLUE & KxiNSAS VALLEY made since he took it iu liaud prove COMMERCIAIj AGENCY. that he possesses unusual business ability. JOHN A. ALliEX, AGENT. This institution is better known as The Co-operative (J range Store, and is regularly chartered by the State. It has been established about four years, and is now doing a very good business. The grand principle upon which this agency is operated is that it pays divi- dends to its customers every three months, on the amount of their pur- chases, thereby saving to the con- sumer a part of the profit that other- wise would go to enrich some individ- ual merchant. No one but Grangers in good stand- ing can take stock, but any one can take trade checks and receive a divi- dend, half the amount being paid to non-stockholders that is paid to stock- holders. Five dollars constitutes a share, and entitles the holder to full dividends. No one can take more than one hun- dred shares. Stockholders receive ten per cent per annum on stock besides dividends on purchase money. Most of the stockholders let their dividends remain as new stock, and stock is be- ing taken all the time, and very little withdrawn. Under the jd resent man- agement it is gaining ground fast, and will soon be in shape to do a rushing busijiess. All kinds of goods are han- dled. Goods sold on commission, and produce of all kinds taken in exchange for goods. This is a cash institution, and meets its obligations promptly. When farmers and others realize the benefits of co-operation and prac- tice it, then and not till then can they hope to break down the monopolies that now exist. Any one desiring information in re- gard to the workings ot this agency can obtain it from the agent, John A. Allen. Mr. Allen, who has lived in and about Manhattan for twenty-five years, is universaly respected, and the strides which this establishment has D. ADAMS. GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. Associated in a director indirect way with all other industries, through the relations it sustains to every family and home in city or country, this busi- ness has a corresponding importance in a work devoted to the various vo- cations and activities of a community. In the prei>aration of a work of this kind, we take pleasure in noting the important relations which the city of Manhattan sustains to the State at large, and the prominence of her trade and business establishme nts. One of the leading grocery hou ses in the city is the one conducted by Darius Adams, situated on Poyntz avenue, near Sec- ond street. Its excel ent location af- fords every convenience for the trade, and under its present efficient manage- ment it must continue to sustain its popularity, and increase its trade from year to year. The business was originaly started by A. Huntress, (or Father Huntress, as he is familiarly called) Mr. Ad- ams being connected with him as clerk for a number of years ; so that when, in the fall of 1879, Mr. Huntress resolved to withdraw from active busi- ness and the store was turned over to Mr. Adams, no reaction in the business occurred. Everything moved on in the even tenor of its way ; all the old customers (which are the best in the city) were retained, and since Mr. Ad- ams' succession to the proprietorship, the confidence of the community that the very best goods can be obtained at his store, has not diminished in the least. The complete stock of the various articles associated with this branch of trade which Mr. Adams keeps con- stantly on hand, and the excelent fa- 82 D. Adams. cilities he enjoys for obtaining his sup- plies, enables him to compete in prices with any similar establishment in this part of the State, and, consequently, to offer great inducements to the pub- lic to trade with him for every descrip- tion of staple and fancy family grocer- ies. Mr. Adams is a native of Maine, and has had a large experience in every de- partment of the grocery and provision trade, and now does a flourishing busi- ness in this city and surrounding coun- try. He is a live business man, cour- teous and obliging, immediately win- ning the respect and confidence of his customers. A. P. MILLS. SUCCESSOR TO BLOOD, BROOKS, & CO. There is probably no man in Man- hattan who has had more experience in the grocery business than Mr. Mills. He Avas taken into a store when but fourteen years, of age, and, for over twenty years, did business for himself, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He did not, however, confine liimself during those years entirely to the grocery trade, but was engaged in buying wool and other commodities for eastern manufacturers, and the annual business transacted by him averaged OVER $800,000 A YEAR. His health failing, he removed to Missouri and engaged in dairying on an extensive scale, contracting with and furnishing the leading hotels of St. Louis with butter of his own make, both summer and winter. He received good prices, and, during the twelve years that he was engaged in that busi- ness, made money. His EXPERIENCE IN BUTTER MAKING he proposes to turn to account in a manner which will be exj^lained here- after. Mr. Mills is a brother of the wife of the Rev. R. D. Parker, pastor of the Congregational Church of this city, and coming here on a visit last fall, was so struck with the beauties of the place and surrounding country and its splen- did location for business, that he re- solved to move here and establish him- self in trade. He succeeded in pur- chasing the stock and good will of Blood, Brooks, & Co., who were located on Poyntz avenue, directly opposit the post office, which is decidedly the best location in the city for the business which is to be carried on. The build- ing, was enlarged by Mr. Eames last season, and is now the largest and most commodious salesroom devoted exclu- sively to the grocery trade in the city. Mr. Mills has niade many changes and intends making many more as the season opens. He has A DINING PARLOR, fitted up in elegant style, furnished with tables, &c., where hot meals with tea and coffee, can be served on short notice at all hours. Oysters are served in any manner desired, and a lunch counter where cold lunches can be had at a trifling cost by those who wish a meal of this kind. A cook room, fur- nished with all the paraphernalia for cooking, is another feature introduced by Mr. Mills, where all the delicacies of the season will be dressed and fur- nished in the most attractive style. He will make a specialty of supplying balls, l^rivate parties, public gatherings, &c., with dinners, suppers and bauciuets, in the most elegant style and on the short- est notice. His salesroom is well stock- ed with CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES, canned goods, tobacco and cigars of the very best brands, fine confectionery, nuts, foreign and domestic fruits, green and dried. One counter is presided over by Mrs. Mills, where wicker and bamboo work is sold. This is the only stock of this class of goods offered for sale in the city. The variety is exten- sive and very attractive. Arrange- ments have also been made to have this counter supplied hereafter with an extensive line of perfumeries and ladies' toilet goods of the latest and best varie- A. P. 3fill8. 83 ties. The lady like and attractive manner in which Mrs. Mills conducts this department is attracting to this counter many customers, and an exten- sive trade in these goods is established. The counters are supplied with elegant show cases, one of which is filled with a choice line of pipes, cigar holders and other smokers' goods. The stock ot pipes kept by Mr. Mills is the most ex- tensive and varied of any in the city. ALL VEGETABLES, in their season, will be kept in stock; also bakers' goods fresh from the oven. Mr. Mills intends doing an extensive business in shipping poultry, game, butter, eggs, &c. He will make a spe- cialty of handling butter, and thereby supply a deficiency long felt by our farmers, by enabling them to find a ready and good market for this article. His experience, as we mentioned be- fore, will assist him greatly in making it a success ; and it will be greatly to the interest of our farmers to help for- ward the movement in every way pos- sible. He proposes to have the butter brought to him immediately on being churned, and BEFORE it is worked over or salted. This part of the manufacturing he proposes to do himself, that all the butter may be sub- jected to the same process and receive just the amount of salt which makes it most satisfactory to the marketmen or dealers. He will then pack it in such sized boxes or firkins as will best assure its ready sale, and it will be shipped to the different i^oints which" promise to pay the best. Anyone who has ever had any experience in the dairying business can readily see that butter handled and treated in this manner by an experienced person will bring fancy prices; and if the farmers and butter makers of this section assist and sup- port Mr. Mills in his undertaking, Riley county will soon become as noted for its dairying products as it is now for its tine stock. Mr. Mills is possessed of a great requisit, which is found in all success- ful tradesmen, and that is, a very agreeable and pleasing manner; and one can readily see that he is perfectly competent to handle his extensive bus- iness in such a way as will not only be profitaljle to himself but pleasing and profitable to his customers. We are glad to welcome to our midst such an energetic and pleasant gentleman. E. K. SHAW. .lEWELER. Mr. Shaw commenced business in Manhattan about four years ago. The rooms first occupied by liim were those now used by Ed. Williams, in L. R. Elliott's block. His trade increased rapidly from the start, and he soon felt the need of larger and better quarters, to meet the wants of his customers. The rooms he now occupies, on Poyntz avenue, were erected for that special purpose. They are roomy, well light- ed, and neatly arranged for the pur- pose for which they were designed. There is jjrobably no business con- ducted in Manhattan where advantage could be taken of unsuspecting custom- ers more readily than in the jewelry business. There are so many imita- tions of the goods handled by these es- tablishments that are really valueless, and that can be palmed off on unsus- pecting customers, that it is of the ut- most importance that a true and trusty man should furnish them. Such a man is E. K. Shaw, who would sooner lose his good right arm than to know- ingly take advantage of the ignorance of any customer and sell him a spuri- ous article for one of known qualities. In fact, there are none of the imitation goods that can find a place on his shelves or in his cases. His stock is the most complete in style and finish and latest designs of any h6use in the city, and his salesroom, with the ex- tensive nickel plated show cases, is filled to repletion with a choice and elegant assortment of fine watches, imported and of American manufac- 84 E. K. Shaw. ture, clocks, solid silver and plated ware, jewelry of every descrlijtiou, spectacles, glasses, and all articles pertaining to this line of goods. Mr. Shaw devotes his personal at- tention to the business and is ably as- sisted by his wife, who has few supe- riors as a workman in the repairing of watches, clocks, etc. Mr. Shaw guarantees all of his work to be first class, and all of the goods sold over his counter to be as repre- sented. If they should prove different, he is ready and willing to make them good. Mr. Shaw is a quiet and unassuming man, retiring in his disposition, yet there is no man more highly respected for his fine sense of honor and integri- ty ; and in the four years he has been in trade among us he has gained the entire confidence of the community, and as a workman and repairer of fine watches, of which he makes a special- ty, he has no superior. Mrs. Shaw has a neat and extensive STOCK OF MILLINEBY in the rear of the salesroom, and is do- ing an extensive business in this line of goods. Her customers are the best and most fashionable in the city and surrounding country, and are increas- ing rapidly each year. Her taste in trimming and remodeling is conceded to be unequaled in the city. GEORGE BUEGOYNE. PHOTOGRAPHER. It is universaly conceded that the finest specimens of photography to be found in central Kansas are on exhibi- tion at Burgoyne's Art Gallery, in Dr. Robinson's new block, on I'oyntz av- enue. Mr. Burgoyne is a natural ar- tist, and during the twenty-three years of his practical experience in this line, has given Iiis undivided attention to the improvement and development of the art. He established his present business in Manhattan in 1859, and since that time, has conducted it with unvarying success. His gallery is one of the finest in the State. His rooms, which are 25x60 feet in size, are elegantly fur- nished, adorned with meritorious works of art, and supplied with the latest improvements known to modern science, and lighted after the most ap- proved style. His pictures combine beauty of finish, elegance of style, strict regard to the laws of light and shade, effective pose, and artistic arrangement of drapery and surroundings. These requisits are such as can be secured only by the unerring eye and educated taste of the true artist, and are entirely distinctive from the mere mechanical portion of the work, a thorough knowl- edge of which is, however, an essential requisit in a correct and satisfactory picture. Mr. Burgoyne thoroughly im- derstands and comprehends all the re- quirements of this business, and is pro- ficient in all the various branches of photography, which he executes in the highest style of the art. His gallery is one of the principal features of attrac- tion in the city, and is well worth a careful and critical examination by all the admirers of the fine arts. His pic- tures are highly commended as being life-like and artistic in style and finish. He makes a specialty of copying old pictures and finishing as may be de- sired, in crayon, India ink or oil colors. Mr. Burgoyne has resided in Man- hattan since 1856, being one of our old- est citizens. He is a thorough artist and is eminently deserving of his suc- cess in establishing one of the best photograph galleries in the West. SA WYEB & SCOTT. LOAN AND INSURAJSrCE AGENTS. Also proprietors of the only set of Abstract books in the county. Mr. Sawyer, formerly of Peterboro, New Hampshire, is Vice-President of, Saivycr & Scott. 85 and perforins an active part, In the successful management of the Riley County Bank, at Manhattan. Mr. Scott is one of the leading law- yers in the county. They are very familiar with the val- ue and quality of real estate, and have invested money in this vicinity for nine years, for banking corporations and capitalists in the East, securing the same by first mortgage on valuable real estate, and they can proudly say that during this time not a loss has been incurred or foreclosure suit com- menced. They also own the only set of ab- stract books ever made for Riley coun- ty, which have been prepared and promptly revised with much care and at large expense, thereby enabling them to know, at all times, the exact condition of the titles of all the lands in Riley county. We have no hesita- tion in saying that all parties desiring personal or professional services of Messrs. Sawyer & Scott, will always find them prompt and honorable. CHAS. D. MARVIN. Prominent among the young men lately added to the population of Man- hattan who are worthy of mention is Chas. D. Marvin. He came from De- posit, New York, in April, 1878, and, after visiting several places of note, in the West, finaly located in Manhat- tan. He was the first citizen of Depos- it to select this place for a home, but since his arrival, quite a number of others have joined him. Mr. Marvin takes pride in (instead of being ashamed of) the fact that he is a mechanic. He is a house painter and paj)er hanger, and is a master of his trade. When he came here there seemed to be enough painters in this locaUty, but nevertheless, although al- most an entire stranger, he has with- out any special advertising, worked up a good business. Those who employ him once continue to do so. Mr. Marvin is a contractor, and fur- nishes all kinds of materials as well as does all kinds of work in his line. One of his first contracts was on the last building erected by the Kansas State Agricultural College, and no one has been found to deijreciate his work. Last year, he finished the Presbyterian church at Manhattan, throughout, decorating the walls with fresco paper, with cornice and panel work, and ap- plied Smith's patent window decora- tions in imitation of stained glass. He also did all of the finishing work on the elegant new Methodist church in this place. These buildings and nu- merous stores and private dwellings in which he has worked demonstrate his skill and reliability. He devotes his whole time to his business, and is always ready to do anything and everything that can be done in a building with paint, jjaper or finishing materials. He makes a spe- cialty of wall papering, wall decorating and kalsomining churches, school houses, halls and oflices. He prepares and applies blackboard slating, finishes hard wood with oil or varnish, etc. Much of his success results from the fact that he uses only the best of mate- rials. He also mixes his own paints instead of trying to save labor by rely- ing on " patent " paints. In short, in every department he strives to excel, w^ell knowing that in no other way can a permanent business be built up. Mr.* Marvin is only twenty-three years of age, but is fast becoming one of our leading citizens. In fact, he is one of those intelligent, driving sort of men, who are always sure to be in the lead wherever they are, and, fortunate- ly for this section, his influence is uni- formly thrown in the right direction. He is a zealous member of the Presby- terian church and Young People's Christian Union, is an enthusiastic temperance worker, and a progressive RepubUcan. 86 John Brett. JOHN BBETT. BLACKSMITH. Mr. Brett learned his trade in Eng- land, where he was born in 1847. He served seven years as an api)rentice, and the last two years of his appren- ticeship he had charge of the shop in which he learned his trade. He con- tinued as foreman for two years after his apf)renticeship was ended and then came to America. He came to Man- hattan in 1870, when twenty-three years of age, and, being very boyish looking, had some trouble in obtainin work, but at last succeeded in getting a job from August Peak at fifteen dol- lars per month and his board for the winter. He proved himself an extra workman, and in the spring got a bet- ter job of C. Tegmeier and soon succeed- ed to a partnership with a half inter- est in the shop. After two years, he sold his interest to W. Henry and en- gaged with the Keable Bros., to do carriage work at two dollars and fifty cents per day. He worked for them three years and then went to Stock- dale and put up a shop and stone dwel- ling. After two years he returned to Manhattan and has done business up to this time at his old stand on First street. He has purchased a lot on Poyntz avenue, nearly opposit Higin- botharn's bank, on which he is erecting a stone shop 25x50 feet, two stories in hight. It will be when completed the finest shop in the city, and the location could not be bettered. Mr. Brett has long been considered one of the finest workmen in. central Kansas. In carriage work he has few equals and no superiors. In the re- pairing of farm machinery, sharpening of plows, etc., Mr. Brett stands in the front. His trade in this line last season was probably equal to that of all tlie other blacksmiths in Manhattan. He proposes, hereafter, to devote his wliole time to carriage work and the repair- ing of machinery, farming implements, plows, &c., and no one is better pre- pared or better qualified to carry on this class of work. He is about taking into partnership Mr. N. McStewart, late of Montreal, Canada, who is a machinist as well as blacksmith, and a young man withex- celent business qualifications. A wheelwright shop will be run in connection with this establishment; also a paint shop, by Mr. Sherman, an excelent carriage painter, who de- votes his entire time to this one branch of the painting trade. These three branches of trade, conducted as they will be in one establishment, with the different departments under such effi- cient managers, will no doubt make this one of the most popular manufac- tories in the city. Mr. Brett is a man well hked by the community. He is always haj^py and not contented until he makes all happy who are around him. For years all of the finest work that was to be done, such work as required the greatest care and judgment and the finest workman- ship, was taken to him ; and when Brett said a certain job could not be done, no other blacksmith cared to try it. In the finest and most complicated work he excels, yet he is the most quiet and unassuming of men, and does not have to toot a horn every time he does a nice job and run down competing workmen in order to let the people know he is a workman. His work shows for itself, and he has built up an enviable reputation simply by the mer- its of his work. He is coui-teous and obliging and as a citizen is highly re- spected. GEO. B. SHERMAN. CARRIAGE PAINTER. He who devotes himself to one par- ticular branch of a trade and uses all his energies to excel and make himself perfect in that particular branch, is far more certain to master it than one who takes in all the ramifications per- Oeo. B. Shfrman. 87 tainino: thereto. " A Jack at all trades and ,tj-ood for nothing at any " can cer- tainly not be applied to Mr. Sherman. He is a carriage, sign and ornamental painter, and claims to be nothing more ; and as a finlslied workman in tliis line he has few equals. He was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1852, and commenced learn- ing the trade of a carriage painter in the year 1869, in the carriage shop of Asa Eames, who was then carrying on that business in Fall Tiiver, Massachu- setts, He served an apprenticeshij) of three years, and then continued as a journeyman for three years longer, when he was employed as foreman in another shop, which position he held until he came to Manhattan, in the fall of 1878. Asa Eames, his old employer, had been here a number of years, though not engaged in the carriage making business ; yet he was glad to greet and welcome to our beautiful city this young man whona he had al- ways resjiected, and stood ready to lend a helping hand to assist him to obtain employment. But his services were not required. Mr. Sherman had no trouble in obtaining work, and the first job he turned out gave such un- bounded satisfaction that others fol- lowed in quick succession. He painted the beer wagon at Junction City, and eulogies were passed upon it by the press of that place, to the effect that it was the finest piece of work that they had ever seen in the city. Mr. Sherman has labored under the difficulty of not having a suitable shop in which to do his work, as no place could be obtained in 3Ianhattan, but this is to be obviated the coming spring. He will have a room fitted up for his special pur^jose, over the new blacksmith shop to be erected by John Brett. He does the most of the carriage painting for our livery men ; and, also, the most of those excelent signs which have lately been put uji on our business fronts are his work. You will never find one of them defaced by his putting his own name on 'da painter. He has erected for himself a nice lit- tle residence on Yuma street. His fam- ily consists of a wife and one child. Mr. Sherman is one of those out- spoken, free and easy gentlemen who will have scores of friends wherever he may be. LONG & FIRESTONE. LIVERY AND FEED STABLE. On arriving at a strange place the first inquiry by the tourist is. Where can I obtain a good turnout? To those visiting Manhattan we would say that Long & Firestone can tit you out in the best style possible. They keep a large number of the best roadsters in the country, with a proportionate num- ber of carriages, buggies, &e. Their single and double rigs cannot be ex- celed in the city. The horses used are spirited yet gentle, easily managed, and safe to be driven anywhere. Their stable is located on the south side of Pojaitz avenue, near the depot, and in close iiroximity to all the hotels. It is a large stone structure with accommo- dations for fifty horses. Their carriage room, harness room and office, are in the same building. The long experi- ence of this firm enables them to judge understandingly of the merits of horse flesh and to comprehend fully the wants of the traveling public, in this particular line. They are very reason- able in their charges, and, when de- sired, furnish the most competent and careful drivers. Ample accommoda- tions are provided for boarding horses by the day or week, and the best of care is given to horses placed in their stable. Mr. Long is successfuly engaged in the boot and shoe business, and the management of the stable devolves en- tirely upon Mr. Firestone, who enjoys the full confidence of Mr. Long and of the community at large. No one understands better how to care for horses ; and in the treatment of the dif- 88 Long & Firestone. ferent diseases to which they are sub- ject, there are few who can manage them as siiccessfuly. In your dealings with them you will be treated with the greatest courtesy, and the utmost pains taken to accom- modate- you in every way possible. Teams are sent to any point in the city without extra charge, when so de- sired. ited by Mr. Cooper, who conducts his business exclusively upon the cash and one price system. The best customers in the city and surrounding country are patrons of this store. The different articles handled are always first class, and the prices the most reasonable. The gentlemanly and courteous bearing of the proprietor is winning him hosts of friends, and his trade is increasing rapidly. • WABBFJV COOPER. (Successor to Wni. M. Beverly.) DEALEB IN DRY GOODS AND GENEEAL MERCHANDISE. Prominent among the business houses of Manhattan is the one so long owned and conducted by Wm. M. Bev- erly, and familiarly known throughout the city and surrounding country as Beverly's store. Situated on the cor- ner of Poyntz avenue and Second street, its business location could not be better. Mr. Beverly being a man of remarkable business ability, with but few equals as a salesman, established a large and flourishing trade, and it was a surprise to all when he sold out to Mr. Cooper, and retired from active business. Mr. Cooper came into possession in the fall of 1880, and, being an old tradesman who was well qualified to conduct a business of this kind, he re- tained all the old customers, and many new ones have been added to the list. The salesroom is well ventilated, and the goods arranged in a very at- tractive manner. The stock consists of foreign and domestic dry goods, seasonable suits, shawls, cloaks, gloves, hosiery, corsets, blankets, table linen, ladies' and gentlemen's furnish- ing goods, small wares and notions in great variety, and a full line of choice fan)ily groceries. Competent and efficient assistants are always on hand to wait upon cus- tomers, and a careful and critical ex- amination of goods and prices is solic- IIOSTB UP (fe TO WEBS. TONSORIAL PARLOR & BATH ROOMS. It has been about three years since P. C. Hostrup commenced business in Manhattan. He soon established a lu- crative trade which has steadily in- creased. In 1879 he removed to his present commodious quarters, which are in the center of the city, and easy of access from all points, being situ- ated on the northwest corner formed by the intersection of Poyntz avenue and Second street, opposit Purcell's store. In January of the present year he took in as a partner Ed. Towers, who had been in the shop for about a year, had proved himself to be an excelent workman, and a gentleman who had made many friends and increased the number of customers to a considerable extent since he entered the shop. They have three chairs, which are in constant use, and their cases contain over eighty shaving mugs, which be- long to their regular customers. Their bath rooms — the only ones in the city — are situated in the rear, and are supplied with hot and cold water, and all the modern improvements and appurtenances of first class bath rooms. The prices charged by these first class barbers are very moderate, being ten cents for a shave, twenty-five cents for hair cutting, and twenty-five cents for baths. Hostrup & Towers. As you enter their parlor you cannot help at once noticing how clean and neat everything is kept. The smell which is peculiar to many barber shops, and so disgreeable to the sensi- tive nerves of a refined person, is en- tirely avoided here. The utmost pains is taken by the gentlemanly proprie- tors to make the stay of their custom- ers as pleasant as jjossible. No loud talking, or long stories, so peculiar to some barbers, are tolerated. They keep on hand a choice line of cigars and tobaccos of different brands, and an exteuyive trade in these goods has been established, owing to the su- periority of the articles sold by them. Mr. Hostrup is a very agreeable gen- tleman, quiet and unassuming, and at- tending strictly to business. To his having no suj^erior as a barber, and be- ing an excelent judge of human na- ture, and a disposition to be obliging to every one, is due the extensive pat- ronage this establishment enjoys. CHARLEY IR VIN. BLACKSMITH. The jolly and good-natured face of Mr. Irvin always greets you with a smile of welcome as you enter his neat Uttle brick blacksmith shop, on Second street, a short distance north from Poyntz avenue. Mr. Irvin worked a number of years for Sam Ferguson, and, during that time, made hosts of warm friends. He was an excelent horseshoer, in fact, was accounted the best in the country. In the spring of 1879 he erected his present shop, where he has done busi- ness ever since, running two fires, and he has as much work as he can do. He has probably done two-thirds of the horseshoeing that has been done in the city since he commenced work for himself. In repairing and sharpening plows he has but few equals. His tools are all new and of the latest designs. His shop is well ar- ranged for the convenience of his pat- rons, witb a well at the door to water stock. His good nature is proverbial, and as he stands at the forge or is wielding the hammer at his anvil, it does one good to look upon him and see the cords and muscles swell and contract with each movement of his massive arm. Charley is bound to succeed, for he is not only an excelent workman, but his kind and genial heart will always make him many friends. The location of his shop is one of the best in the city. He has a residence near his shop on the north, where he and his family of a wife and three interesting chil- dren reside, and they seem to enjoy a full share of this world's haiipiness. CR UMP & HUNGERFORD. ABSTRACTERS, LOAN AND INSURANCE AGENTS. This firm commenced doing busi- ness in the early part of 1879. Since that time their business has rapidly and steadily increased. H. C. Crump being Eegister of Deeds, their facilities for making abstracts of title are in many respects superior to those of any other office in the county. Since commencing business, they have loaned large amounts of money, and, by their promptness and fair deal- ing, have given universal satisfaction. As insurance agents, they represent some of the best companies of Europe and America. All losses they have thus far sustained have been satisfac- torily adjusted and losses paid inside of ten days from date of fire — a record hard to beat. They insure stock against loss or damage hy fire or LIGHTNING. This is an important item to farmers who own valuable stock, as the amount received on the loss of a single animal will pay the insurance on an entire herd for many years. They also in- 90 sure buildings against damage by lightning, whether fire ensues or not. H. C. CRUMP was born in Bartholomew county, State of Indiana, March 28, 1843. His father died in 1847. He was raised on a farm, by a widowed mother, until the spring of 1860, when she died. He then lived with his brother, who still carried on the farm, until July 20, 1861, at which time he enlisted in the Union army during the late unpleas- antness, and served faithfuly until March 4th, 1864, at which time he joined the veteran corps, and served until August, 1865. He was wounded at the battle of Stone River, Dee. 81, 1862. After he was discharged from the army he returned to his former home, where he visited friends and rel- atives until March o, 1866, when he embarked for Kansas, making Marys- ville his initial point, where he ar- rived March 21st of the same year. After remaining there a short time he became dissatisfied with that point, and started down the valley of the Big Blue river, not knowing where he might stop, until he reached ]\rau- hattan. Being struck with the sur- rounding beauties of this place he concluded to settle here, where he has remained ever since. He was married on the oth day of June, 1868. In the year 1873, he was elected by the good people of this county to the oflflce of Register of Deeds, to which position he has been re-elected, and is now serving out his fourth term. D. HUNGERFOKD was born in the Empire State. At four years of age he removed to Illi- nois, where he resided until he re- moved to Manhattan. At the age of seventeen years, he commenced teaching, which business he followed for several years, the last three of which he served as Principal of the schools of this city. He read law in the law department at Ann Arbor, Michigan ; was admit- ted to the bar in the spring of 1878, and, on his examination, received the com- Crump & Hungerford. pliments of the bar. He was elected to the office of Probate Judge in 1878, and re-elected in 1880. J. F. GARDNER. DEALER IN ICE. Mr. Gardner was born in Ohio in 1818, where he lived until he was twelve years of age. His father died before he was born, and he was early throw^n upon his own resources. In 1831, he, with his mother, removed to New York. During the summer he worked upon the farm, while the win- ter months were spent in the school room, when their finances would per- mit. They removed to Barre, Massa- chusetts in 1835, to Gardner in 1836 and to Fitchburg in 1838. Mr. Gardner had learned the chair making trade and commenced the manufacture of chairs at Fitchburg, which was then a place of about twelve hundred inhabitants and now numbers upward of sixty thousand. He accu- mulated considerable property, while engaged in this business. In 1846, he married a lady in New York, and they have had five children born to them. Mr. Gardner came to Manhattan in 1856 (his family remaining at Fitch- Inirg), and engaged quite extensively in traffic in real estate and city lots. He was here at the first organization of our city government, and was Man- hattan's first City Marshal, in 1857, which position he resigned in the fall of that year and returned to Massachu- setts. He came to Kansas once more before the war^broke^out, but again returned to Fitchburg when President Lincoln issued his first call for troops, and en- listed in the twenty-fifth regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and served through the war. This regiment form- ed a part of the Grand Army of the Potomac, Avas attached to Burnside's division and participated in the storm- J. F. Oardner. 91 ing and capture of Roanoke, Goldsbor- ough, and the other engagements of that expedition. They formed a part of Grant's forces, in his memorable campaign, "when he marched the boys to Kichmond from the guarded Raiiidan." At the battle of Cold Harbor his regiment went into the fight seven hundred strong, and but eighty men lived to answer the long roll call after that bloody contest. Mr. Gardner was wounded, but not se- riously, on that day. In 18G0, he removed with his family to Manhattan, where they have resided ever since. He is the owner of consid- erable real estate in this and several other counties in the State. He is now engaged in furnishing ice for the city. He has a large ice house at the foot of Poyntz avenue, with the capacity of holding one hundred tons, and another in the process of erection with the same capacity. They are con- veniently located on the banks of the Blue, whose clear running waters fur- nish the best ice in Kansas. The ice, after being cut into proper sized squares or blocks, is hoisted by means of horse- power directly into the ice houses, sav- ing a great deal of trouble and expense which other parties who have to trans- port it on wagons are subject to. He has all the modern and improved ma- chinery for handling and cutting ice. Ice is delivered by him to any part of the city, morning or evening, as desir- ed, during the warm months. He not only supplies this city but proposes hereafter to ship large quantities to dif- ferent points, where good ice cannot be obtained. He has an efficient assistant in his son George, who is a hard worker and takes a great share of the responsibility of the business on his own shoulders. Mr. Gardner is a warm hearted, gener- ous man, always ready to contribute and give assistance to the needy. His mother, with whom he has passed through so many trials and tribulations in his early struggles against poverty in his younger days, is still living, and her old age is made happy by his kind- ness, and she is a sharer of his pleasant home on Leavenworth street. GEO. B. HIMES. HARNESS AND SADDLE MAKER. In the spring of 1880, Mr. Himes es- tablished himself in business in the building formerly occupied by William Tyrrell, and has done a rapidly increas- ing trade ever since. He keeps a general stock of harness and saddles, and all their different parts, and the articles usualy kept in connection with them. He makes nearly all his goods, and guarantees them to be as represented. As a me- chanic, he has no superior in central Kansas, and cuts out the work for all his hands himself. In the line of harness, Mr. Himes can fit you out with anything you want. He makes single harness at any price from $10.00 to $75.00 a set, and double harness at from §25.00 to SIOO.OO a set — the quality, of course, depend- iag on the iirice. He makes a specialty of saddles; and, for the last five years, the saddles made by him have been considered the best that could be obtained in this market. HIDES AND FURS. Mr. Himes also makes a specialty of dealing in hides and furs. He is con- sidered one of the best judges of furs in the West, and pays for them all they are worth. He probably buys more hides than all other dealers in the city, and those having anything in this line to sell should give him a call. Mr. Himes came to Manhattan with his father, D. B. Himes, in 1859, when he was a mere lad, and has grown up in this community. He is, therefore, widely known, and is universaly ad- mitted by all to be a stirring, indus- trious and upright man, whose trade and influence must steadily increase. He has purchased a lot on Poyntz ave- nue, and expects before long to erect a stone building in which to do business. 92 UlricJi Brothers. ULRICH BROTHERS. MACHINISTS, WOOD WORKERS AND STONE CUTTERS. These two young men, William and Edward Ulrich, have been residents of Manhattan for a number of years, and have been principaly engaged in stone cutting and the erection of stone build- ings. During the summer last past, they contracted for and built the walls of our new Methodist church — the finest church building in central Kansas — the stone work of which is pronounced equal to that of any building of the kind in the State. As stone cutters, they have few equals, which is shown on the corner stone of this chcTch, all the cutting of which they did them- selves. As mechanics and machinists they have been acknowledged for years to be first class ; and they are now erect- ing a machine shop, on the corner of Osage and Third street, in which they will rej)air all kinds and parts of ma- chinery, and also do some manufactur- ing. They will here manufacture the Kimble pump, for which they have a royalty contract for the State of Kan- sas. These pumps are coming into general favor, and theh* manufacture will be no small item in the business interests of this city. The niachine shop will be run by steam, and, in connection with work in iron, a wood lathe with scroll and slit- ting saws will be run, with which they will do all kinds of scroll work, turn- ing, etc., and manufacture such work as is used in furnishing and finishing the inside of churches and other public buildings. A variety molding ma- chine will be one of their specialties. A machine shop has long been one of the wants of this city, and it is very gratifying to our citizens to know that one is being pushed forward under such efficient management. It is ex- pected that a foundry will be put up in the fall, and the capacity for doing business enlarged as fast as the trade demands it. There is little doubt but that a large and flourishing business will be done from the start. There is an immense quantity of machinery in this vicinity, the proper repairing of which would keep a number of men constantly employed, and the develop- ment of our manufacturing interests will still farther increase it. Hereafter, capitalists who wish to start manufactories in Manhattan or vicinity need not be deterred by the want of an establishment to repair their machinery when it gets out of order. And we will add that they will find the Ulrich Bros, to be thor- oughly honest men as well as unusu- aly skilful mechanics. HENR Y HO UOHAM. CONTRACTOR, BRIDGE BUILDER AND CARPENTER. Manhattan is noted far and wide for its excelent buildings, which are not only substantialy made but a great many of them highly ornamental, and show in tlieir construction that we are blessed with first class workmen. Among our carpenters and builders the name of Henry Hougham has be- come ftimiliar to all our citizens, as that of one who stands second to none as a workman. He is a son of Prof. Hougham, who formerly had charge of the agricultural and chemical de- partments, at the Agricultural College. He is one of those agreeable gentle- men who find it one of the easiest things in the world to make everybody his friend ; always being in the best of spirits, and, witliout any extra ex- ertions, making all haiijjy who ai'e as- sociated witli him. He is what is termed a natural me- chanic ; quick in his movements, and rapid in the completion of what he un- dertakes. He understands fully the construction of all the diflferent kinds Henry Soughain. 93 and styles of bridges, and is ready to contract at the lowest living rates for the construction of the same. The many jobs which he has com- pleted in this city and surrounding country, are si^oken of by those who are competent to judge, as sometliing superior ; and we Avould say to those who contemplate building, or have any kind of carpenter work to do, that Mr. Hough am is a good man to consult with. You will find him as reasona- l)le in his prices as any first class car- penter, and you can rest assured if he undertakes a job, it is going to be pushed through to completion as fast as possible. He lives, respected by all, on College Hill, in an excelent and well situated house, i^lanned by himself and built with his own hands. AisA EAMES. Mr. Eames came to Manhattan in 1872. He had long been a resident of Fall River, ^Massachusetts. He came here and spent the winters with his sister, Mrs. Hunting, whom we all re- member as one of the first settlers of Manhattan, and who grew old among us, and passed away last summer re- spected and loved by every one who knew her. The summer seasons are generaly spent by Mr. Eames in the East, where he has large means invest- ed in the mills at Fall River. He has a son located in New York, a cotton broker, who is, using a western phrase, well heeled. Mr. Eames, of course, spends some of his time with him, but says he feels better and enjoys himself more out here in the West where all is free, and where he is not afraid of spoiling a Brussels carpet ev- ery time he turns around, and where he can get quail and toast for breakfast. Mr. Eames held many prominent of- fices in the city government of Fall River. He was City Marshal for a number of years, and was also chief of the Fire Department which is account- ed as prcjinincnt a position as there is under a city government of that size. About six years ago, he purchased what is now known as Eames Block, which consists of the stores occu- pied by Wm. Knostnum, as a clothing store, A. P. Mills, grocery store, the office formerly occupied by I)rs. Ly- man & Ward, and the drug store of W. C. Johnston, and also a part of the ground occupied by Mrs. Briggs. He has made great improvements in them, since they came into his possession, putting in iron and brick fronts, extend- ing them so as to make them larger and more convenient. More improve- ments will be made the coming sum- mer, and it will be made one of the finest business blocks in the city. Its location as a business point has hardly an equal while the post office remains where it is at the present time, being- situated directly across the street. He has also two fine residences on Colorado street in one of which he re- sides — one of his nieces acting as his housekeeper. Mr. Eames is highly respected by the people of Manhattan. He is outspoken and positive in his views, which is al- ways admired by western people. He is always ready and willing to contrib- ute towards any scheme that will ben- efit the city, and never hesitates to de- nounce any wrong that may be discov- ered. A. J. WHIT F OB D. DEALER IN HARDWARE, QUEENS- WARE, &C. The hardware store of Mr. Whitford, on the corner of Third street and Poyntz avenue, is first class in every particular. The stock carried is large and well adajited to meet the wants of the people, and there is no store in the city that sells more goods in this line or furnishes them at cheaper rates than does Mr. Whitford. 94 A. J. Whitford. He makes a specialty of every arti- cle he sells, and none but those of known varieties that have been proved to be of the best quality find a place on his shelves. Mr. Whitford's long experience in dealing in these goods makes him a competent man to select and handle them to the best advantage of his many patrons ; and that he is giving them the best of satisfaction is shown by the increase in his trade from year to year since he commenced business in Manhattan. His salesroom is large and the arti- cles well arranged, being placed in such a manner as to be pleasing to the eye, and yet always in their proper places, enabling him to carry his heavy stock, yet leaving plenty of room to in- spect the same without any inconven- ience to the purchaser. The city in its growth, for want of room in other localities, is naturaly crowding westward, and, in a short time, this house will be in the heart of the city, and at the present writing there is no hardware store so conven- iently located for parties coming from all points as this one. Mr. Whitford, as a man and gentle- man, has a large number of warm friends. He is positive in his views, yet courteous in expressing them, nev- er hesitating to denounce a wrong and strenuous in his support of justice and right. W. C JOHNSTON. DRUGGIST. Mr. Johnston is a native of Ohio, and, therefore, is a lucky man, and lia- ble to be struck with the lightning of prosperity at any time, if he has not been already — which w^e think is the case, as his neat and well arranged drug store, on Poyntz avenue, opposit the post office, and the large patronage which it receives from our people, go to show. He came to Manhattan in 1866, and has been identified with the drug busi- ness ever since ; and, for the last thir- teen years, has been conducting busi- ness for himself, at the point where he is now located. It is one of the oldest business houses now standing in the city, and has always been considered one of the best locations and most central points for trade in Manhattan. The trade has always been a good one, and it is not only the oldest drug store in the city but is the leading one in the county and surrounding country. Mr. Johnston has had a life long experience in the business, for his father was a druggist before him. W. C. was early taken into the store and instructed thoroughly in the intrica- cies of the manufacture, compounding and handling of medicine ; which makes his fitness for that particular branch of trade apparent. He employs two careful and reliable assistants, which the extensive trade of his establishment demands. His store is stocked with a full line of fresh and unadulterated drugs, medicines, chemicals, perfumery, toil- et articles, fancy soaps and small wares, such as are usualy found in a first class drug store. Paints, oils, fine cutlery, and the most complete line of toys and fancy articles are also kept here. The finest brands of ci- gars — the best in the city — is also one of the specialties. An arctic fountain, from which cool and refreshing drinks are dispensed, during the warm weather, is also in operation. In the preparing of physicians' pre- scriptions and family recipes, this pharmacy doea a large business, and not only does it possess the confi- dence of the physicians, but of the community at large ; for they not only know they will always receive medi- cines of known strength and purity, every time, but that they are com- pounded by those in whom they have the most ijnplicit confidence. W. C. Johnston. 95 Mr. Johnston, as Secretary of tlu' Kansas and Blue Valley Agricultural Association, by giving it his time and energies, contributed largely to the success of that society at the Interna- tional Fair, held at Bismarck Grove, last season. His excelent Judgment of human nature, in connection with his quick wit and repartee, makes him especialy fitted for such positions, and no one contributed more to its success than he. His perfect knowledge of the drug business, and the manner in which it should be conducted, and his gentle- manly and courteous bearing toward all his associates, causes him to be ac- knowledged as one of the leading druggists of the State ; and, at the meeting of the State Pharmaceutical Association, at Topeka, each year, no opinions are more highly respected, and no one exerts more influence in that bodj' than he. At its last meet- ing he was elected one of the Vice Presidents, was appointed a member of the Committee on Legislation, and his name was one of the ten sent to the Governor, from which to select a Board of Pharmacy. ROBERT ULRICH. BRICK MANUFACTURER AND BUILD- ER. Mr. Ulrich came to Kansas from West Virginia in 1857, and to Manhat- tan in 1867. He had been engaged in the manufacture of brick for over twen- ty years and was well qualified to carry on the business here. The brick manufactured by Mr. Ul- rich are first class and have been pro- nounced by the best architects to be unequaled by any brick manufactured in Kansas, except by one or two yards in the eastern part of the State. The kiln is situated in the western part of the corporation and is accessible from all points. From three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand brick are manufactured and sold each year. A large proportion of them are sold in this vicinity ; yet, many are shipped to other parts ot the State. Tlie Henry House, at Abilene, was built of Mr. ITlrich's brick. They are hard and durable, burned to a rich dark red color, and stand tlie weather l^erfectly. The handsomest and most stylish residences in the city, such as those of E. B. Purcell and Ashford Stingley, are made from these brick. As a builder, Mr. Ulrich is second to none. As a brick layer he has but few equals, and he can point with pride to the larger share of the finest residences in Manhattan and say tliey are my work. Mr. Ulrich has a nice residence of his own on the corner of Humboldt and Sixth street. His family — wife and five children — are all living. His two eldest sons. Will, and Ed., are account- ed as fine workmen as there are in the State, and are mentioned on another page of this work as the proprietors of the new machine shop of this city. His eldest daughter is married to Sam. Kimble, a promising young lawyer of Manhattan and the inventor of the Kimble pump. Mr. Ulrich stands high in the esti- mation of the people as an ui^right and thoroughly honest man. He is a wor- thy and respected citizen, and is re- garded in every way reliable and one with whom it is safe to establish busi- ness relations, and he fully merits the high esteem in which lie is held. ALLINGHAM & STEWART. GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. The Messrs. Allingham & Stewart are well known to the people of Eiley county and the western portion of Pot- tawatomie ; not, however, in the ca- pacity of grocers, but as proprietors of 96 AUingham & Stewart. the old reliable meat market on Poyntz avenue. Selling their meat market in the fall of 1880, to Long, Tower & Co., they en- tered into the grocery business in Jan- uary of this year. Their store is situated on Second street, a short distance south from Poyntz avenue, directly o^Dposit Pur- cell's counting room. The building was erected by Mr. AUingham for the especial purpose for which it is used, being well arranged and very conven- ient. It is a two story stone structure, with brick front, plate glass windows, and a large cellar, extending under the whole building. The upper story is di- vided into rooms and conveniently ar- ranged for a dwelling. There are two rooms below, one of which is used for their grocery store, and the other for the purpose of a res- taurant, which has not been rented at the present writing. It will not, how- ever, be long vacant, as there is no l^lace now in use in the city that equals it for that purpose. ■ Its desirability of location and the elegant style in which it is fitted up renders it peculiarly adapted for a cafe. AUingham & Stewart's extensive ac- quaintance with the people of Manhat- tan and vicinity with the rejiutation they have established heretofore as thoroughly honest and upright busi- ness men, will assure them an exten- sive trade. Their stock has been selected with great care and comprises all articles generaly kept in a first class grocery store. Their goods are marked down to a point where they can only make a living profit, without regard to the prices charged for the same goods at other establisliments, and many of their standard articles are much lower than they can be bought for at any other store in fhe city. Their cigars and tobacco are of the best brands. that are in the market and something new and different from what has ever been handled here before. The rush to this store for cigars and to- bacco is wonderful, since the merits of their goods have become known ; and there is no abatement, as the goods are all they are claimed to be. They make a specialty of salt meats and fish, smoked and dried, of which they carry an extensive stock. We shall be very much surprised if the trade of this establishment under its present efficient management does not equal if not excel that of any store of the kind in the city. AMERICAN HO USE. E. S. BRAMHALL, PROPRIETOR. Some of the readers of this sketch may not, a tfirst sight, recognize, under its more modern name, this old and popular establishment, which, for near- ly a score of years, has been one of the jjrincipal landmarks in the "beautiful city," and has been the shelter and home of the weary traveler for so many years. This hotel, hallowed with a quarter of a century, presents a new life and extends as kindly and inviting hand to the modern traveler as any house of the kind in central Kansas, and its home-like comforts are enjoyed by all its guests. Mr. E. S. Bramhall purchased the property and took possession January 26th, 1881. He immediately proceeded to repair and refit it. , No pretensions are made to keep a fashionable and aristocratic place, but no efforts are spared by the genial host to render his guests thoroughly comfortable, and make thejn feel perfectly at home, and his success is well attested by the praises liberaly bestowed by those who have enjoyed his hospitality. The house is patronized by an excel- ent class of people, wlio prefer home comforts and genial society to the snobbery so often met with at more pre- tentious houses. The tables are supplied with an abundance of well cooked, substantial American House. 97 food and delicacies, which are served in a most excelent maimer. The rooms are quite pleasant and neatly furnished, andeverythuig ahout the house is kept neat and tidy. Moderate cliarges always prevail, being one dollar per day for transient customers and twenty-five cents per meal ; three dollars and fifty cents per week for day boarders and four dollars per week for board and lodging. The house is conducted on strictly temperance principles, and no boarders are taken unless they bear good charac- ters and conduct themselves in a prop- er manner. No games of chance or gambling are allowed, and, in fact, this house is exactly what the proprietor endeavors to make it, a first class hotel suitable for farmers, mechanics and la- boring people whose means will not allow of their jiaying as much for a lit- tle style as they have to for the neces- saries of life. The American House is located on the corner of First Street and Poyntz avenue, convenient to the depot and livery stables. Mr. Bramhall is a wheelwright by trade, at which he worked for twenty- five years before he went into the hotel business, and he is j^roving himself ful- ly as competent to keep a hotel as to handle ihe saw and shave. He is a Christian gentleman who, in the last three years that he has spent here and in this vicinity, has made a large number of very warm friends, who resi^eet him highly as a man of sterling integrity and for the upright and high toned life which he leads. LONG, TOWERS & CO. MEAT MARKET. The old reliable meat market has been closely identified with the busi- ness interests of the city of Manhattan for a number of years. Established as it was upon^a firm foundation by good and capable men,' its success has been assured from the start. Situated, as it is, in the business cen- ter, it is handy to all parts of the city. The building in which it is located was built and arranged for that especial purpose, and no expense or 'pains has been spared to make it first class in ev- ery respect. The sales room is well lighted, has high ceilings, is furnished with a marble counter with scales of the latest patents. The racks extend from floor to ceiling, and are painted and furnished with hooks in a most tasty manner. The fixtures and ap- purtenances are first class in every re- spect. As particularly noticeable, we may mention that they have one of Stevens' patent refrigerators in use, which is one of the finest and most conveniently arranged of any in the city or in cen- tral Kansas. It was put in ut a cost of between four and five hundred dollars, and is so arranged that it will keep an even temperature of about forty de- grees, yet the atmosphere will be so dry that matches will never spoil when left exposed therein. This refrigerator requires to be filled with ice but once each week, no matter how warm the weather may be. As the ice melts, the water is carried away by spouts, so ar- ranged that not a drop is allowed to strike the floor. There has never been a pound of meat lost or spoiled in this market since this refrigerator has been in use. Their slaughter liouse is located southwest from the city, on the Kan- sas river, and contains all the modern improvements for butchering, render- ing, etc. They have a large ice house also connected with the establishmant. In fact, there is not a meat market west of the Mississippi with a better outfit, or better prepared to do first-class work, or sui:)ply their customers with better meats, than this ; and we doubt if there is one that equals it in the first-class meat it furnishes its custom- ers the year round. Long, Towers «fe Co., who have late- 98 Long^ Towers cfe Co. ly come into possession, are all first- class men Mart. Armentrout, the king of butchers, who has been connected with the house since it first started, remains one of the firm, and handles the cleaver as of yore, behind the counter. Mr. Towers is an Englishman by birth. He has lived among us for a number of years, and is highly re- spected for his energy and strict integ- rity. Mr. Long lately came from Ohio, where he has been engaged in the liv- ery business; coming to Manhattan more for his health than anything else. He has such a disposition that he must work or die of inanimation, so he em- barked in this new business ; and the part assumed by him, and taken as his part of the employment, he is well suited to fill. The trade is now larger than it was ever known to be before since the market was first started. The success of this new firm in the two months it has been in operation is unprecedent- ed, and there is no doubt but what this market will be better entitled than ever to be considered not only the leading market of this city, but of cen- tral Kansas, JOHN DREW. HORSE TRAINER. Mr, Drew came to Manhattan a few years ago when our Fair Association was in its infancy. He has leased the Fair Grounds from year to year and made it his headquarters for train- ing and handling TKOTTIXO STOCK. Under his supervision, the track has been graded and put in such shape as to be acknowledged the finest one half mile track in Kansas. Mr. Drew stands second to none as a driver in the West. By his thorough knowledge of the rules and regulations of the trotting association, and his un- impeachable honesty and integrity and his avoidance of anything like jockey- ism when driving, he has gained him- self an enviable reputation among the trotting fraternity, and no one ever has the least fears that John Drew will sell out a race. Mr. Drew has done more than any other man to improve the horse stock of Riley and Pottawatomie counties by keeping at his stables some of the best stallions ever brought into the West, both for draught and carriage use. He has also some fine brood mares that he is breeding careful^' and whose proge- ny were much admired, and took sev- eral i^remiums at the International fair at Bismarck Grove, and the fairs in central Kansas. He has now, Win- chip, a young stallion of great promise, who has a record of 2:30, which he reared and brought to his present point of excelence. He receives and trains horses at very reasonable rates, for those who wish to l^lace them in his care, and have their speed develojied. There is no trainer in the West who can bring out their speed or give them a better training than Mr. Drew. He is ably assisted by his brother, Thomas Drew, who resides on the grounds, and gives his personal atten- tion to the care and exercising of the stock. They are also breeding some of the finest GAME COCKS and other fowls, which they are fur- nishing to their customers at reasona- ble prices. They also furnish eggs for hatching, and guarantee everything as rei^resented. Mr. Drew is our city marshal, which position he fills to the entire satisfac- tion of the city government. He is ever on the alert, and, although unus- ualy qaiet and gentlemanly in his de- portment, the lawless element know him to be fearless and keep quiet them- selves. His manly qualities secure him the respect of all who know him. J. S. Corbett, 99 BL UE BIRD POULTRY YARDS. J. S. CORBETT, PROPRIETOK, Success aud failure is written up- on every vocation, and it would l>e strange indeed to suppose that ev- ery oue who attempts poultry rais- ing should make it a success. How many make failures in stock rais- ing and farming? Yet that does not in the least deter others from taking up the ^ same vocation and prosecuting it to success. The failures in any line of business can generaly be traced to lack of energy, neglect, or an antipathy to anything that re- quires manual labor. Some expect large returns for a little labor, and are disappointed and give up in disgust unless they receive such profits as a druggist makes on carbolic acid. Our motto here in the West is. No labor, no pay ; and those who make a success of any business understand this fact fully. Mr. Corbett is a hard worker, as hsi success in poultry raising fully shows. He has been engaged in the breeding of choice poultry for about five years, in which time he has placed himself at the head and front of all breeders in central Kansas, and he claims that his success is Avholly due to the proper care and attention he personaly gives to his birds. SPECIALTIES. His specialties are the Partridge Co- chin and Pea Comb Cochins, varieties which have proved themselves well adapted to this climate. They are hardy, and as good winter layers as any of the Asiatic breeds. They will bear confinement better than many of the large breeds, are good mothers, and are easily handled. He has lately added a yard of Brown Leghorns, from Keefer & Bruce's cele- brated stock, which are very fine : their special qualities are for laying, seldom wanting to set, often laying the whole summer long. So that these LofC. two strains, properly cared for, will supply eggs the entire year. Mr. Corbett is also breeding the cele- brated Rouen ducks, whose merits stand second to none, being large and very fine flavored. PREMIUMS. Mr. Corbett exhibited his poultry at the International Fair, held at Bis- marck Grove last season, where here- ceived four first premiums ; also at the Blue & Kansas Valley Fair Associa- tion, at which he received six first pre- miums ; amounting in all to over twenty-six dollars. PROFITS. To illustrate the profits which accrue in the raising of poultry, when proper care of it is taken, we will say that Mr. Corbett had sixteen birds to com- mence the season with, last spring. His sales in birds and eggs for hatch- ing amounted to over forty-five dol- lars, making, with the premiums, a total received of over seventy dollars; and he now has seventy birds of his own raising. Mr. Corbett is prepared to furnish birds in pairs, trios, or in larger num- bers, and, also, eggs for hatching, in their proper season, at reasonable prices. He guarantees satisfaction in every particular. He stands high in the estimation of the people, is a man of sterling integrity, and can be trust- ed imiDlicitly. He solicits personal in- spection of his fowls, and all corres- pondence will receive immediate at- tention. 100 O. A. Pollard. G. A. POLLARD. L. B. ELLIOTT. MACHINIST AND PATTERN MAKER. Mr. PoUard is a native of the old pine tree State. He spent some years in Pennsylvania, where he learned the machinist's trade, after which he re- turned to Lewiston, Maine, and worked in the machine shops connected with the large cotton mills of that place. There are no better schools for instruc- tion, to a young man who is learning both machine and pattern work, than one of these shops. One has all the op- portunities and must learn and soon become an expert, or he loses his head or gets the sack, as they call it East. But young Pollard was one of those natural mechanics, full of ambition and willing to receive instruction, and soon became an expert himself, and was accounted one of the best pattern makers in Lewiston. He came to Manhattan with Mr. Kizer in 1879, and assisted in putting the machinery in the Elevator Compa- ny's mills here, and then went to St. George and placed the machinery in. the elevator there. The shafting of these elevators and the gristmill were all put in place under Mr. Pollard's supervision. After these mills were finished, Mr. Pollard rented the shop he now occu- pies on Second street, a short distance north of Poyntz avenue, and opened a pattern and repair shop for extra fine work. The work that he has turned out has been the wonder of many, for there is nothing that can be made with wood, in the shape of pat- terns_or ornamental work that he re- ceives orders for but tliat, by his deft hands, is finished to the unbounded satisfaction of those who are inter- ested. He is'^a very agreeable gentleman, accommodating and obliging ; and he has gained the respect of all who have formed his acquaintance, not only for his excelent workmanshii), but for his popular qualities as a man and a citi- zen. The personal mention of L. R. Elliott on page 67 contains so little of his per- sonality that we append these addi- tional paragraphs, gathered, in part, from a sketch in "The United States Biographical Dictionary." He is the third son of John J. and Jane (Blake) Elliott. The family, coming from Scotland, settled in Che- nango county, New York, where the subject of this sketch was born, in 1885. He was educated in the com- mon schools of the State, and supple- mented this with three years' appren- ticeship at the printing business, beginning in 1855. His mother was left a widow when he was but eleven years of age ; and, the family having no estate of conse- quence, the subject of this notice early learned to "hoe his own row." He knows what it is to work \x\) from pov- erty to competencQ, and has done this by his own efforts. He taught school several terms ; was a merchant's clerk three years ; spent three seasons in ornamental gar- dening — in care of the finest flower gardens in his native town ; was eight years engaged as a commercial trav- eler for a firm in Binghampton, New York ; established — and for a time conducted — a crockery and carpet store in East^Saginaw, Michigan ; and, in 1866, came to Kansas, took up his trade again, and became the owner and edit<:)r, in succession, of The Atchi- son Daily Free Pres.s, The Manhattan Independent., The Kansas Radical, The Manhattan Standard, and The Solomon City Reporter. Kach of these he conducted successfiily, and made them pay. He is a ready writer, an experienced editor, and is not a politician ; has nev- er aspired to an office in Kansas (an unusual occurrence), and declined a nomination to the Assembly in New York, when the nomination was equivalent to an election. He is too decided in his opinions to be a politi- cian, and cares more for an idea he L. R. Elliott. 101 thinks is right than for public com- mendation. At the organization of the Xtitional Board of Real Estate Agents, in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1870, he was made Vice President of the organ- ization, and at the International Sun- day School Convention, in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1879, he was elected Vice President for Kansas, and is at this time also an officer of the State Sun- day School Convention, and delegate to the International Convention at Toronto. He is Past Grand Worthy Patriarch of tlie Sons of TemiDerance in Kansas, and a member of the Na- tional Division. He was for seven years President of the Manhattan, Al- ma and Burlingame Railway Compa- ny, and the construction of that road was largely due to his efforts. His family consists of a wife and three children. He has a pleasant res- idence, and finds his chief enjoyment within the home circle. thrive and do well in Kansas, and the manner in which they should be cared for from their first start until they are bearing trees, enables him to not only make the business beneficial to the fruit growers in this vicinity, but profitable to himself. He will devote his whole time to this particular branch of business, and add new varieties of fruit and orna- mental trees to his already large stock, as fast as they are tried and proved to be such as will make it profitable for them to be grown in this climate. Mr. Blachly is a hard working man, well worthy the jiatronage of the j^eo- ple. He has an excelent hearing or- chard of three hundred trees of his own growing, on his farm at the head of Baldwin creek. He solicits a crit- ical examination of his stock. All correspondence receives immediate at- tention. Address him at Manhattan, Kansas. J. W. BLACHLY. NURSERYMAN. Mr. Blachly has been engaged in handling nursery stock for over six- teen years, and for about three years was connected with the Manhattan Nursery, Todd & Blachly, proprietors. This partnership Avas dissolved, by mutual consent, in the spring of 1880, Mr. Blachly retaining his interest in the stock then on hand in the nurs- ery. He immediately started another nursery, a short distance north from the College farm, in which he set a large number of very choice fruit trees, with which to supply the trade as soon as the stock in the old nursery is exliausted. There is no man in Kansas better qualified to carry on a business of this kind than is Mr. Blachly. His long experience and thorough knowledge of the varieties of fruit trees that will NEWSPAPERS. The first newspaper in Kansas west of Topeka, was the Western Kansas Express, started by Chas. F. DeVival- di, in Manhattan, in 1860. He was succeeded by Hon. James Humphrey, now a leading lawyer in Junction City. Subsequently, .losiah H. Pills- bury purchased the establishment, and changed its name to the Manhattan Independent. In 18G8, L. R. Elliott purchased the Independent and an- other i^aper called the Kansas Radical, which had been published for a short time, and consolidated them under the name of the Manhattan Standard. In December, 1870, he sold his paper to Albert Griffin, who changed its name to THE NATIONALIST, and is still its editor and publisher. It is an eight page paper, with six col- umns to a page, and is printed on the type used in this book. Its regular edition is fifty-one and one-half quires 102 The Nationalist. (one thousand two hundred and thir- ty-six copies), which is at least two hundred more than any other paper published in Riley county ever regu- larly issued. Its circulation outside of the State is double that of any other paper in the county. Its circulation in each of the counties of Pottawato- mie, Wabaunsee, Davis and Clay (all adjoining Riley) is double that of any other paper printed in Manhattan, and its circulation in Riley county is deci- dedly larger than that of any other pa- per in the county. Moreover, it is rap- idly increasing, and is sure to retain its rank as the leading paper of central Kansas. It is therefore a superior advertising medium. Terms, §1.50 a year in advance. For further particu- lars, see page two of this work. THE MANHATTAN ENTERPRISE was established in 1867, by A. L. Run- " yan, who is a newspaper man of con- siderable ability, and has secured for his paper a good circulation. It is Re- publican in politics contains eight pages with five columns to the page, and is neatly printed. Terms, $1.50 a year. THE INDUSTRIALIST, published by the State Agricultural College, is spoken of on page thirty- seven. THE TELEPHONE is a four-column folio, published monthly, by Rev. R. D. Parker, pastor of the Congregational church in this place, for the low price of twenty-five cents a year. It is intended as a local organ for that denomination in this district, but may grow to larger pro- portions. It is an excelent little paper, and Mr. Parker has considerable abili- ty as an editor. We commend it to all interested in its special field of work. Both The Nationalist and Enter- prise do job work of all kinds. The Industrialist does no work except for the college, and the Telephone is printed at The Nationalist office. Business Cards. Attention is called to the following cards of men doing business in Man- hattan, or having city property lor sale: GREEN & HESSIN, Attorneys at Loajo. Office comer Poyntz avenue and Third street, Man- hattan, Kansas. WILL. A. SCOTT, Attorney and Counselor at ZrMt).— Office over Riley Countj^ Bank, Manhat- tan, Kansas. HENRY W. STACKPOLE, Attorney at Lam. Office in 223, Poyntz avenue, opposit post office. Collections made, abstracts furnished, and taxes paid for non-residents. All business will re- ceive prompt and careful attention. FIRE INSURANCE:— The undersigned has twelve of the strongest fire insurance companies doing business in Kansas. He is prepared to write policies covering all kinds of property, and for long or short periods of time. The best is the cheapest. Call on L. R. ELLIOTT, Manhat- tan, Kansas. 1859 WM. P. HIGINBOTHAM. 1881 Banker, life and fire insurance agent, notary public and conveyancer, practical agriculturist, dealer in thoroughbred and high grade cattle and other live stock and valuable real estate. Choice bargains can always be obtained of me for anything in my line. The public are cor- dialy invited to call at my office, on corner of Third street and Poyntz avenue, Manhattan, Kansas. Hereafter liiy personal attention will be given to all branches of my business. STEAMSHIP TICKETS TO AND FROM EUROPE.— This notice will come to the eye of some who have a desire to visit the old woi-ld. Inquiry will satisfy such that it is almost as cheap as staying at home— to take a trip to Eu- rope. Some may desire to send for friends. It will be found that L. R. Elliott can furnish the needed tickets for a trip to Europe, or to bring friends to auy part of America. He represents all of the great steamship and railway lines. Address L. R. Elliott, Manhattan, Kansas. B. L. BREDBERG.— Agent for the following lines of ocean steamers : White Star and Cu- nard lines, which leave New York and Boston for European ports semi-weekly. Italian and Rotterdam lines, which leave New York for Mediterranean ports and the Suez Canal. He is prepared to ticket to aud from Europe at ex- tremely low rates for tlie next two months. He can now give twenty per cent discount on rail- road tickets from regular rates from eastern ports. He is agent for Morris' Exjjress, and can send nackages to all parts of the woi-ld. Address him at Manhattan, or call and see him at Purcell's store. HYGIENIC AND REMEDIAL INSTITUTE. Manhattan, Kansas. W.M. T. VAIL, M. D. A. J. CARPENTER, breeder of pure blooded Poland China hogs, and Light Brahma chick- ens. Correspondence solicited. EARL & HOUSEKEEPER.— Ccf?-ph, on Fancy creek, and were soon followed by more equaly en- terprising farmers from other places. Largely because of^ their distance from market,' the farmers on Fancy creek devoted themselves to stock rais- ing, and, in consequence, they are as a whole, to-day, the richest and most prosperous farmers in the county. The most of them have substantial stone dwellings and barns ; their fields are surrounded by stone walls; their herds and flocks are numerous and of the best quality; and the most of them are out of debt, with a surplus in bank. The large grist mill, spoken of fur- ther on, is the best in northern Riley, and must continue to grow in impor- tance. North Otter and Walnut creeks, branches of F'ancy creek, and Baldwin creek, each have nice valleys, upon which some fine farms are located. Fancy Creek furnishes a mill site 120 Jackson Township. every tM'o or three miles, and the Big Blue itself can be dammed at two places in this township. Superior building stone can be tbund within a mile or two of any point in the town- ship, and the climate is vinusualy healthy even for Kansas. That a large manufacturing population will be lo- cated in this township in the near fu- ture there can be no doubt. And when that time comes, real estate will be worth from two to ten times the prices now asked. The Kansas Central railway from Garrison, on the ojDposit side of the Blue, five miles below Randolph, which is to be extended this summer to Clay Center, Avill pass up Baldwin creek in the southern part of this toM^Dshii?. There are two stone and three frame school houses in the township, and one large church at Randolph. Nearly half of the adults of this township are Scandinavians and Ger- mans, RANDOLPH is a town of a few hundred inhabitants, delightfuly located at the junction of Fancj^ creek with the Blue, and is sub- stantialy built, mainly of stone. Its business men have established a good reputation for their town, there never having been a failure of any conse- quence or defalcation among them that we can now call to mind. They do a large and profitable business, and we feel confident that the town will con- tinue to grow. The railway from Manhattan up the Blue is graded through Randolph, and when it is comiDleted the town will undoubtedly take a fresh start. BANDOLPH OB 1ST MILL. CHAPMAN & FOREMAN, PROP'S. One of the advantages possessed by the people of Randolph and vicinity over other points in Riley county, out- side of Manhattan, is the excelent grist-mill. •\^'hich has lately been erect- ed by Chapman & Foreman. It is a water-power mill, the power being furnished by the waters from Fancy creek, taken from the stream some distance above the town, and conducted by canal to the bulk-head. Tlie mill has now been in operation about six months, and the work done has given the best of satisfaction to the many who have been its patrons. The structure is of wood and stone, three stories in hight, containing, at the present time, two run of stone. Another run will be added soon, A turbine wheel, of forty-horse power, runs the mill. Since the mill was first opened, the proprietors have been overrun with grain to grind ; and the most of the time grists are waiting from a week to ten daj's to receive their turn. Messrs, Chapman & Foreman are practiced millers. A, A. Chajyman was brought up to that trade by his father, and has always been engaged in the business in Wisconsin, his na- tive State, until he came to Kansas in 1865, He has erected two mills in Kan- sas j previous to this one in Randolph. He understands the milling business to perfection, and to his energy and perseverance is largely due the success of the present enterprise. Milton Foreman is a native of Ohio. He came to Kansas in 1874, settling- first in Hanover of this State, and coming to Randolph in 1878, in com- pany with Mr. Chapman, and with him bought the mill privilege which they now own. He is a cari3enter and millwright by trade, but has been en- gaged in the milling business with Mr. Chapman since he first came to Kan- sas, These two enterprising and energetic men, by their untiring efforts, have surmounted great obstacles in the erec- tion of tliis mill ; and their efforts are fully ai)preciated by the community, which had long been waiting for a mill of this kind. They are determined Bandolph Ovist Mill. 121 to patronize them to the full extent of their power in consideration of this fact, and they are well worthy of all the patronage that they receive, being industrious and temperate men, honest and true in their dealings, possessing the entire coufideuce of the commu- nitv. Mr. Daugherty is a man much" es- teemed by the people in this thriving town. He is always ready to spend his time and money 'for any project that promises' to' benefit Randolph or the surrounding'Country. He'^'owns a large amount of real estate in town, and his confidence in tlie future pros- perity of Randolph is unbounded. RA ND OLPH LI VER F, FEED AND EXCHANGE STABLE. JOHN FOSTER. (lEO. A. DAUGHERTY, PROPRIETOR. LUMBER DEALER. This livery stable was established by Mr. Daughertj' in 1879, when he com- menced business by keeping three or four teams for hire, not expecting it would reach the i:>roportions it has since attained. Plis stock has always been first-class, stylish, and the best drivers he could obtain, and his carriages, buggies and turnouts are equal to those of any sta- l)les in the surrounding towns. His trade soon increased to such proi3or- tions that he had to erect a large ad.di- tiou to his already spacious barn, and put in more^horses and carriages to supply the increasing demand, until now he has sixteen horses, with the proper outfits to go with them, which are out on the road most of the time, and he will add four or six horses more as soon as the spring trade opens. The stable is located north of the public square, on Center street, handy to the hotels and stores. The drum- mers and traveling men soon learned, after Mr. Daugherty commenced busi- ness, that his was the place where they were sure to get good teams with careful drivers, and one of them is hardly ever known to hire teams far- ther than this point. His charges are very reasonable, and when horses are placed under his care, they receive the most careful attention. There is probably no stable in the county that is paying as well as this one. The first' enquiry made by parties who intend immigrating to a new coun- try is, What facilities are there for ob- taining building material? To those who are now living and who intend living anywhere within fif- teen or twenty miles of Randolph, ei- ther in Riley or Pottawatomie counties, we would say, you will find it to your interest to visit John Foster's yards and get his prices before building. His quality of lumber cannot be exceled in Central Kansas. He established his yard in Randolph during the summer of 1S79. He is a carpenter and builder by trade, and un- derstands perfectly tlae different quali- ties of lumber. He was engaged for several years in the lumber trade in Leavenworth and other points, and now has yards established at Irving, Olsburg and Randolph. His two sons, Thomas and Benjamin preside over the two former, while he looks after the one at the latter j)lace. He has established a large trade at all of these several points, espeeialy at Randolph, parties often coming from withm five and six miles of Clay Cen- ter and Manhattan, to have their bills for lumber filled by him. There are several reasons for this, some of which are the excelent and unvarying quali- ty of the lumber he furnishes, and, though it may seem strange, yet it is, nevertheless true, that his prices are lower than at any competing points. 122 John Foster. He is a man much respected for his sterling integrity and his upright fair dealings. His yard is always kept in the neat- est manner possible. The stock is large, and as all his bills for lumber are jjaid for at once in cash, he receives a rebate or discount which enables him to sell at the low figures which he does. He is a careful man of business, and has contributed greatly to the growth and prosperity of Randolph during the last two years. ORSON KINO. IIARKESS AND SABDLE MAKER. Mr. Orson King is a native of New York, where he learned his trade as a harness and saddle maker of a first class workman. He finished his trade in 1871, and has worked as a journey- man in a number of different States. He came to Randolph several years ago, since which time he has worked in Randolph and other parts of Kan- sas. He came to this place in the summer of 1880, occupying the shop vacated by his father, which was situated on north side of Center street, north-west of the public square. His shojj is a neat little structure, erected for the especial pur- pose for which it is used, with the proper signs, &c., in front. His stock is first class, andOrt. being an excelent workman, he has worked up an extensive trade and his custom- ers are the best men in the surround- ing country Avho khow a good article and a good piece of work when they see it. An old and true maxim is that "the best is the cheapest," and no commu- nity in the countrj' has learned tliis to the extent which this community has in buying their harness of late years. Harness manufactured in our state prisons is always made from inferior stock, and, of course, can be sold for less money than Mr. King can manu- facture them, in the first class manner in which he does, from leather bearing the double crown brand (which took the gold medal at the Centennial Fair in Philadelphia and which he always uses). His saddles, halters, and other goods that he manufactures are all gotten up with the same scrupulous care and in a neat and attractive style. Mr. King is a hard worker, attend- ing strictly to his business, and his trade is increasing rapidly. He invites the most critical examination of his stock and asks and expects but a fair share of the public patronage. CITY HOTEL. C. A. MOOBE, PROPRIETOR. Randolph is blessed with one of the neatest and best kept hotels in central Kansas, and it is considered one of the chief attractions of the place, by the traveling public, who always make it a point to stop with Mr. Moore when- ever their business can be so arranged as to allow them to do so. It is a neat frame structure, three stories in hight, with mansard roof, sit- viated on the south side of the public square, convenient to all the business houses and livery stables. It is not one ot those large, gloomy affairs that sometimes grace, or disgrace, a town of this description, but is in keejiingwith the rest of the buildings and contains rooms enough to accommodate the traveling public at all times, except when something uncommon is going on. The sleeping rooms are well venti- lated, and are furnished in a neat and tasteful manner. A good sample room opening from the street on the first floor, is always at the disposal of com- mercial men. The tlining room, with City Hotel. 123 tables to accommodate fifteen or twen- ty guests, is furnished in a neat and at- tractive style, and the tables supplied with an abundance of everything that will tempt the appetite of the most fas- tidious. Mrs. Moore, a lady of great refine- ment and taste, presides over the house in her own quiet and agreeable way, making all pleasant and comfortable inside the hotel. The cooking depart- ment is looked after with the most scrupulous care, and what comes upon the table is cooked to perfection and served up in the most attractive style. Mr. Moore gives his entire attention to the business, and spares neither time nor pains to make the stay of his guests pleasant. All like the gentlemanly landlord. The trade at this house is steadily in- creasing. It is run on strictly temper- ance principles and its patrons are the best in the country. THE RANDOLPH DRUG STORE. JOHN F. JOY, PHARMACIST. This is Ihe leading drug store in Randolph, and was erected by Mr. Joy, in 1879. It is a two-story, stone building, and one of the nicest finished buildings in the county. The lower story is used as a drug store, and the upper story is done oflf into elegant rooms for housekeeping purposes. The stock of goods curried is large and well selected, and Mr. Joy has had an experience in the drug business which enables him to compound and put up all prescriptions in the most ac- curate and careful manner. He has an able assistant in his son, I^eslie, who has charge of the store when Mr. Joy is not in. Mr. Joy has the respect and full confidence 6f the community at large, and he is a man possessed of sterling integrity. THOMAS WILLIA3IS. BLACKSMITH. Randolph is _^well supplied with, blacksmiths, at the head of whom stands Mr. Williams. His shop is lo- cated north of the public square, on Center street. Mr. Williams came to Randolph about two years ago, since which time he has made hosts of friends by his square dealing and cordial and court- eous manners. He is recognized as an excelent workman. His trade has been good since he opened business here, and his business in horseshoing has increased to a considerable extent. He has no superior as a horseshoer in this part of Kansas, and he makes a specialty of shoeing horses with flat and contracted hoofs. S^vede Creek Tov/nship. This is the northeastern townshii) of the county. The portion bordering on the river is blufty, but the western part is fine, rolling prairie. , Swede creek, which gives its name to the township, is settled by well-to-do farmers. Indeed, the farmers of the whole township are prosperous — and deservedly so. The township contains three stone and two frame school houses, and a post office, called Big Timber, . with Magnus Vilander as postmaster. The larger part of the inhabitants are Scandinavians, which element L« rapidly increasing in north-eastern Riley and northwestern Pottawatomie 124 Swede Creek Township. counties. They arc usualy peaceable, temperate, industrious, intelligent and moral, and are among the most desira- ble class of immigrants that come to America. A Swedish Orphans' Home has been established at Mariadahl, on the east bank of the Blue, opposit this town- ship, and a Lutheran college is about to be located at the same place. Mayday Township. Mayday township contains the north-western part of the county. The portion not lying in the delightful Fancy creek valley is nearly all a su- perior quality of rolling prairie. It has less rocky bluff land than any of the eastern townships ; and but for the persistent efforts of railway conii>a- nies to induce all immigrants to go to the western part of the State, it would have been as thickly settled as the rest of the county, years ago. At present it is making rapid strides, and will soon become densely populated. Land is still cheap, but it will not long remain so. The native element largely predominates in the popula- tion, which is quite enterprising and intelligent. MAYDAY is a small hamlet on Fancy creek, con- sisting of one store, owned and con- ducted by S. Weichselbaum, a black- smith shop, slioemaker shop, by John Osborn, a dressmaking and millinery establishment which will soon be opened by Mrs. Byarlay, and the house of S. A. Bj'arlay. REAL ESTATE AND MACHINE AGENCY. S. A. BYAELAY, PROPRIETOR. As has been mentioned before, there is no better section of country in Riley county than that situated on the head waters of Fancy creek and its tributa- ries. The north branch of this creek runs south from Marshall county, and unites with the southern branch a short distance below Mayday. Otter and Walnut creeks come in from the south. Some of the best bottom farms in the State are located on these creeks and their tributaries. The uplands are not as broken as in some other parts of the county, and many good improved and unimproved farms are located there. As a fruit-bearing section this part of the county excels all others. The inhabitants are mostly native Americans from the Eastern States and the mountains of Tennessee. No better class of people are found in Kan- sas. Mr. Byarlay has a large number of farms which are improved, and a large amount of unimproved land, for sale in this vicinity. He has been engaged in this vocation now for about three years, and has done a considerable business, which has increased gradu- aly to the present day. The distance to a market has heretofore operated against him ; but, with the present prospects of a road running up Fancy creek and another running north to connect the Junction City and Fort Kearney railway with the Central Branch, this will, no doubt, be one of themost pojiular agencies in the coun- ty- A glance at a short description of one of two of these farms which he has for sale, and the prices asked, will at once show that it will be for the in- terest of the land seekers to correspond with him before they purchase else- where. &. A. Byarlay. 125 Number fourteen is a one hundred and sixty acre farm, all under fence, seventy-five acres in cultivation, forty in prairie meadow ; fourteen acres in timber, five acres in winter wheat, and sixteen in rye. Running water for stock, and well thirty-seven feet deep. Good, substantial house, 18x20, with out-buildings and corrals. Church and school house within one mile. Price, $1,700, one-half down and bal- ance on time. Number eighteen is a farm of one hunderd and sixty acres, most beauti- fuly situated. One hundred and twenty acres bottom, and twenty slope land; one hundred acres under fence ; sixty-five in cultivation ; ten acres in hog pasture, and ten in grove, orchard and small fruit. Stream of running water through one end of the place, with twenty acres of timber exclusive of three thousand maples, one thou- sand cottonwoods and one thousand walnut trees that have attained a growth of ten feet, one hundred and fifty apple trees and a sufficient amount of cherries, blackberries, rasp- berries and strawberries for home con- sumption. Seven hundred rods of substantial fence, four hundred and fifty being hedge, and the balance board and wire, dividing the fields conveniently for pasturing stock. Ev- ery acre, exclusive of timber, can be cultivated. Frame dwelling, one and one-half story, 14x22, with wing 11x16, and cellar. Lawn with evergreens. Good spring and cistern. Frame sta- bles, and cribs for one thousand four hundred bushels. Three miles from town. Price and terms : $3,200 ; two hundred down, balance in six years. He can offer such inducements and terms as no other agency in the county can offer. He has also some excelent farms in Clay county, where the herd law is in force, for sale on the same reasonable terms. Farms and lands placed in his hands are sure to be sold in a short time, as his correspondence is extensive. He also deals in FARM IMPLKiMENTS of the best manufactories, which he is selling as cheap as they can be pur- chased at any other point. Mr. Byarlay is a young man who has lived from his early childhood in the northern part of Riley county, and is thoroughly acquainted with every section of land in that vicinity. He has built up an enviable reputation as a man of unblemished character and sterling integrity. He was elected Trustee of Mayday township in 1880, and re-elected in 1881. He attends strictly to his busi- ness, and, being thoroughly reliable, his agency is destined to soon become one of the 2nost prominent in this sec- tion of Kansas. He solicits the patronage of laud seekers, and will take pleasure in showing, free of charge, the many ex- celent farms in his possession. All cor- respondence and communications re- ceive promjot attention. Address S. A. Byarlay, Mayday, Riley county, Kansas. FARM FOR SALE.— Two hundred and eighty- eight acres. Two liuudred of it is choice creek bottom farm land, witli running water on it. Sixty acres in cultivation; thirty acres in tim- ber; six acres in orchard, three hundred bear- ing trees, with rows of forest trees around it. The whole farm is fenced, Avith cross fences for pasture. Frame liouse and granary, stone cor- rals, sheds and chicken house, with stock yards, cribs, hog pens, etc. Handy to school house, church only eighty rods ofl". Raised fifty bush- els corn to the acre, last year. This at a bargain —only .f4,000. For particulars address R. C. Athcarn, 4 miles north of Mayday, Riley county, Kansas. FARM FOR SALE.— Three hundred . and twenty acres on north Fancy creek. A stream of running water. Farm under new fence; eighty acres mow land; one hundred, bottom land in cultivation; thirty in timber; balance fenced in pasture. Stone house, frame granary, corn cril) that will hold three thousand bushels, good stable, stock yard and feed lot, with run- ning water in it. Good stone corral and chicken house. Corn averaged fifty bushels to the acre the last season. Price, $3,200. For particulars, address Xewman Wilson, Parallel, Riley county. Kansas. 126 Fancy Off el: Township. Fancy Creek Township, This township lies immediately south of Mayday, of which it was a part until quite recently. Besides the valley of south Otter creek it contains a splendid body of upland prairie, and is steadily increasing in population. There is probably hardly another township in the county which contains so much realy choice land that can be bought cheap as this one, and now is the time to purchase. The extension of the Kansas Central railway to Clay Center, will undoubt- edly give this township a railway sta- tion close to or within its border, and remove what has been the chief obsta- cle to its rapid progress. The comple- tion of this road will undoubtedly give all of the western part of Riley county a boom, and those who buy before it is built, will make money. Fancy creek runs through the north- east corner of this township, and a dam secures the water necessary to run "Winkler's Mill," the first perma- nent grist mill built in northern Riley, and owned by August Winkler, an en- terprising German gentleman who has grown wealthy by farming and mill- ing. He has the largest flock of sheep in Riley county, and reports them to be the most profitable kind of stock a farmer can raise. At the same place R. Burk has a store and post office called "Winkler's Mills." Bala ToAvnship. Bala township is just located south of Fancy Creek township, and contains about forty-two square miles of as fine upland prairie as any one need want, whose value will be enhanced as much as that of its northern neighbor by the extension of the Kansas Central rail- way. Indeed, it is probable that it will pass through the northern portion of this township. The larger part of the population are of Welsh birth or parentage (ex- cept a Swede and German settlement on the head of Walnut creek), and they possess all the desirable qualities of that sterling race. Welshmen will find Bala an especialy agreeable place to settle in. There are two stone and four frame school houses in the township. BALA is a neat little town, on the head of Timber creek, in the southern part of the township, and has three general merchandise and grocery stores, con- ducted by Rowland Davies, James Sharpies and Mrs. Jenkins. There is also a good drug store, J. H. .Jenkins, proprietor. The first cheese factory erected in Riley county was built here, by Mr. Sharpies, and is now in opera- tion. There is a harness shop, shoe shop, blacksmith shop and hotel also. There are two churches, Calvinistic and Lutheran. The Methodist society supports a minister, but have not erected their church as yet. There is also a large school house, with a large number of scholars. Of/ilfv ToirnsJiip. 127 Ogden Township. Ogden township is in the south- western corner of the county, and con- tains about seventy-three square miles. The Kansas river bounds it on the southeast, and it is a splendid body of land, — a portion of which is well called " Eureka " bottom. It is also watered by Three and Seven Mile creeks. What is not strictly bottom land is mostly rolling prairie, and very choice at that. There is one frame and five stone school houses, and a post office called Vinton, near the home of Hon. James M. Harvey, ex-Governor and ex- U. S. Senator. OGDEN was at one time the county seat of Ri- ley county, and is now a city of the third class. Its buildings are gener- aly substantial, stone structures, and there are some excelent residences within the corporation. There are three stores in operation, which are do- ing a very good business, conducted by Thomas Weichselbaum, H. Roberts and G. W. Campbell. Mr. Campbell carries a good stock of drugs in con- nection with his other goods, and the post office is located in his store. There is a blacksmith and wheelwright shop, and a good hotel conducted by E. Whitacre. A large brewery has long been in operation here, but, since the prohibition amendment to our State constitution was passed, it has been closed. To what use these ex- tensive buildings will be put hereafter, we are not prepared to state. Madison ToAvnship. Madison township lies north of Bala, and is watered by "Wild Cat, Madison and Timber ci'eeks. It is really a mag- nificent body of land, some of which is now in the market at surprisingly low figures, considering its intrinsic and prospective value. But a small por- tion of it is too blufl^y for tillage, and in quality it cannot be surpassed. Its farmers are generaly prosperous, and many of them are fast beconung wealthy. It has one stone and six frame school houses. The celebrated Elmdale stock farm is located in this township, and will be mentioned more fully in another i^lace. RILEY CENTEB Is situated in the central portion of the county, near the head of Wild Cat creek. It has trebled in size within the last two years and now supports two good stores, two drug stoi-es, one hard- ware store, one tobacco store, a lumber and coal yani, two ])lacksmith shops, a wheelwright and wagon shop, meat market, photograph gallery, two good hotels and a printing office. The Riley Center Independent is a neat five column quarto, published weekly by Messrs. Southwick & Moone, who are upright and industri- ous gentlemen. It is independent in politics, and is i^ublished at $1,00 a year. LANE DAIRY FAKM— Z*. TT'. Lane, Proprie- tor. — Manul'a(;tui'er of and Dealer in butter and cheese, Bala, Kansas. Mr. Lane intends the coming season, to add to his farm in connection with his dairy an extensive egg and poultry bus- iness. He is an upright and energetic man -who al- ways makes a success of whatever he under- takes, and having been one of the earliest set- tlers in (he State he knows M'hat can and cannot be accomplished here. Ff)R SALE. — A farm containing 190 acres of land adjoining Rilej- Center; 20 acres of timber; watered by ^\ ild Cat creek and Spring branch. 100 acres iinder cultivation and (!0 in two pas- tures. All under fence. Bearing oi-chard with 300 trees, besides small fruit, (io'od frame barn and corrals. Can be sold in separate tracts, if desired. Price, $8,000. Reasonable time given on payments. Address S. SOAR, Riley Center, Kansas. 128 Bed BeMe 2d. RED BELL E 2 D , Kl.nn04»I> NTUCK FARM, Winner of Challenge Cujj, at the Kansas Central Fair, at Junction City, 1880 for best animal on exhibition. {See page 129.) ' Elmwood Stock Farm. 129 ELMWOOD STOCK FAE3f. C. M. GIFFOR]), PUOrUIETOK. Mr. Giflford is the pioneer in the breeding of sliorthorn cattle in Riley county. Elmwood stock - ftirm is pleasantly located on Madison creek, twenty miles west from Manhattan, and four miles north of Milford on the Junction City and Fort Kearney railroad, which is its nearest railroad communication. There are very nearly one thousand acres connected with the stock farm under fence, besides an unlimited range both east and west for grazing pur- poses. Madison creek, a stream of pure water, floM'S through it, supplying each feeding yard and corral with an un- limited supjily of pure, fresh water. The valley is heavily timbered, and, with the long line of sheds and wind- breaks erected, forms an ample ];)rotec- iton for the stock in winter. Mr. GifFord has been engaged in the breeding of shorthorns from 1873, since which time he has gained a reputation second to none in this line of business in Kansas. His judgment proved to be of the best ; and his selections from the different herds in this and adjoin- ing States were the finest, regardless of cost, which causes him to be acknowl- edged one of the first breeders in the State. His present herd of thorough- breds, of which every one is or can be entered in the A. S. H. R., consists of forty-eight head, young and old, headed by the two highly bred bulls, the SIXTH DUKE OF ACKTjAM, 8346, S. H. R., who is a pure Rose of Sharon, bred by that veteran breeder, Abram Renick, of Kentucky, who has the best herd of Shorthorns in the United States, most of them pure Rose of Sharons, many of which have been exported to Europe by the best breed- ers there to be used in their herds, and YOUNG MARY DUKE 17TH, 1495, S. H. R., a richly bred Young Mary, sired by that grand bull, 20th Duke of Airdrie, 803, S H. R., who was used very extensively in the Flat Creek herd of Kentucky. This famous young bull was bred by the Hamiltons of Kentucky, who are among the very best breeders in this country. This young bull's seven top sires are highly bred Bates bulls, which makes him one of the richest bred Young Marys in the West. AMONG THE COWS are representatives of some of the best families in the country. At the head stands several splendid specimens of the far famed FLAT CREEK MARYS, that were procured at considerable ex- pense to their owner. Chief among these specimens is Red Belle 2cl, bred by the Messrs. Hamilton, of Ken- tucky. She has taken first premium in class at the Blue and Kansas Val- ley Fair, at Manhattan, in 1880 ; and first premium in class and sweepstakes at the Kansas Central Fair, at .Junc- tion City, in the same year. Also the Challenge Cup, offered by Major Crane, of Durham Park, for best thor- oughbred animal on exhibition. Next come the Josephines, of which Mr. Giflbrd has some individuals that would be hard to surpass in any herd. Then come the Goodness, Harriets, ■Floras and several other good families, all of which are well bred and good and regular breeders, and, taken alto- gether, Mr. Gifford has a herd of Short- horns that any one might justly feel proud of. Until the present time, it has been principaly outlay with Mr. "^Gifford and but very little income. Long prices were paid for cows and bulls, for nothing but the best . of the different herds would he have, and the best he got regardless of what they cost. To- day he is reaping the benefit and is turning off some of the best young bloods ever sold in Kansas and being the best they are in turn bringing him back prices equal to those he paid for their predecessors. 18U £Unwood tStuvk I'^anii. HE HAS KOW FOK SALE a fine lot of young bulls, ranging in age from six to twenty months, also a choice lot of young heifers. There is no better stock in appear- ance, or with a better line of breeding. We have seen those who have visited all the principal herds in Kentucky, Illinois, Ohio and other homes of the shorthorns. We have met with the proprietors of those herds and they all unite in saying. The Elmwood herd eqirals any in appearance and points of breeding ; and, like Archie Hamilton, the king of breeders in Kentucky', say, "Why should it not be good, Mr. Gif- ford invariably purchased the best that any of us Ijad and has bred carefuly from them with the best of judgment. For the purpose of illustrating fully to the stock raisers of Kansas the ben- efits of grading their stock to a high point of exceleuce, Mr. Giflfbrd, in the fall of 1879, selected out of his herd of grades a car load of steers graded up to seven-eighths and fifteen-sixteenths. These were placed upon the same feed and subjected to the same care and treatment as the lower grades. They were disposed of in the spring of 1880, and the thirteen averaged 2108 pounds. They were shipped to New York and brought ten and a half cents per pound net. They were decidedly the best car load of fat cattle that was ever shipped out of Kansas, and were admired and eulogised not only by private individ- uals but by the press of Kansas City and Chicago as well. They are also breeding at the Elm- wood Farm pure POLAND CHINA HOGS. Mr, GifFord has had the best of suc- cess with this class of hogs and was one of the first to introduce them into this section, and they are universaly con- sidered the best hogs for the farmers of the West who breed and feed hogs for profit. The herd of Poland Chinas contains some fifty choice l)rood sows, all pure bred, headed by the promising young boar Prince of Elmwood, and Grand Duke, recently purchased of A. C Moore & Sons, of Canton, Illinois. Mr. Giffbrd raises about two hun- dred and fifty pigs a year of which the choicest only are sold for breeding pur- poses. He has bred the Poland Chinas on his place for twelve years and gave us the weights of several lots raised by him : In 1871, 44, averaged 404 pounds. In 1873, 80, do 427 pounds. In 1877, 40, do 407 pounds. In 1878, 40, do 432i pounds, do 90, do 371 pounds, do 100, one yr. old, averaged 309 pounds. These are good weights and show that this breed of hogs are all that Mr. (Jifford claims them to be, good breed- ers, hardy, good quiet feeders, fatten- ing at any age, and attaining great size. He s&ya that when kept till from 18 to 20 months old, they will give the greatest amount of pork for quantity of corn fed, bring the highest market price, and are undoubtedly the best breed for the western farmer who raises hogs for profit. We would not have our readers in- fer that nothing but thoroughbreds are dealt in at Elmwood. Mr. Giffbrd has a large herd of HIGH GRADE COWS, which he has selected with great care and breeds each year to his thorough bred bulls. He has many calls from ranchmen in the western part of the State for high grades. He shipped them a car load of young heifers last lal], which were graded ujj to seven- eighths and higher. They gave the best of satisfaction to the purchasers and a larger shipment will be made the coming season. Mr. Gifford has now one hundred steers on full feed for the spring mar- ket. The Elmwood lierd of grades con- sists of about three hundred head of horned cattle. C. W. Knapp. 131 a W. KNAPP. DEALER IN GENERAL, MERCHANDISE. This is the oldest, largest and most prominent store in tlie thriving town of Riley Center. Mr. Knapp was one of the first settlers of the county, com- ing to Kansas in 1855, and commencing business as a farmer on his farm on the Wild Cat, which remained in his pos- session until within a short time. He located in Riley Center in 1871, then containing but two or three houses and the^store which he opened at that time. Many additions have since been made until to-diiy the build- ing comj)ares favorably with any store of the kind in the county, especialy in the convenient manner in which it is arranged and the stock of goods car- ried. It is a frame biiilding, two stories in hight, about 60x24 feet in size. The upper story is used as a dwelling, ex- cept one room, which is occupied by the Riley Center Independent, a week- ly paper published at this place. The building faces on two streets and stands in the heart of the town. An excelent set of Fairbanks' scales is situated on the south side of the store, convenient for weighing the produce, &c., which is taken in by Mr. Knapp in exchange for goods. The stock of goods carried at this store is large, and is always selected by Mr. Knapp personaly, who visits the eastern markets several times each year for that purpose, and who uses the greatest care in these selections, and his goods are always such as are best adapted to the wants of this communi- ty, both in prices and in quality, and consist of all such goods as aregen- eraly kept in a store of this kind. He takes in exchange country pro- duce of all kinds, for which he allows as much as the same articles will bring at any other point in the county. In fact he conducts just such a store as the people of the Center want, and that they appreciate his efforts is well at- tested by the extensive patronage which he has always had since he first commenced business. His patron- age is increasing each year as the country is settling up, until he now monoj)olizes the larger portion of the trade in the central part of the coun- ty. Mr. Knapp is a large, portly man, with good nature stamped on every feature, which is exemplified in his ev- ery day dealing with his patrons. He is recognized as one of the foremost men in the county, and although lie never seeks office, office often seeks him. He is and has been the post master at this point for a number of years, which position he has filled to the satisfaction of the community and of the government which employs hina. He is highly respected for his sterling worth as a citizen ; and having the utmost confidence in the future prosperity of Riley Center, he never spares pains nor money to advance any project that may benefit it. CENTRAL HOUSE. JOSEPH ROBERTS, PROPRIETOR. The Central House is finely located, in a business point of view, being half way between Manhattan and Clay Center. Passengers over this stage route always stop here for their din- ners, or over night. It is a large, frame building, with ample accommo- dations, and is arranged conveniently for hotel purposes. It was built by Mr. Roberts, in 1879, and has been do- ing a flourishing business. Mr. Rob- erts has a large fine farm which he wishes to retire to, providing he can dispose of his hotel property at a rea- sonable rate. The property consists of hotel, feed stable, store and five acres of ground, in Riley Center. It will be sold without including the store, if de- sired. It is a very valuable piece of property for any one who desires to go into the business. 1S5 Dr. J. Crans. DR. J. CRANS. DRUGGIST. This young Doctor first came to Kan- sas in 1870. He is a native of New- berg on the Hudson, from which place he entered the army and serv^ed through the war as medical hospital steward. He commenced the study of medicine when but fifteen years of age, at- tended one course of lectures at George- town, D. C, and continued it after leav- ing the army, in Chicago,^ 111., where he resided five years attending lectures. He then came to Riley Center as above stated, in 1870. Finding that there was but little sickness in this healthy and then thinly settled coun- try, he commenced raising stock, which business he has been engaged in ex- tensively up to the present time. In 1878, Riley Center had begun to boom, and, being much in need of a drug store, the Doctor built his i^resent cosy little building and filled it with a choice line of pure drugs and medi- cines. During ^the winter of 1879-80 he attended another course of lectures at Keokuk, Iowa, where he graduated with high honors, and returned to Riley Center, where he has established a large practice, and is recognized by the medical fraternity of Kansas as one of the most promising young doctors in the State. On the 7th of October, 1880, he read an essay before the Kansas Valley Medical Society on Glaucoma and its treatment, which, by the unanimous vote of the society, was ordered printed. It was sought for by many of the sci- entific journals and has been published by all the leading medical magazines in the country. His treatment of this disease is entirely original and of his own conception. The case which was successfuly treated by the Doctor, and which has given him a wide rep- utation, and introduced among the medical fraternity a new departure from the old method of treating this terrible disease of the eye, is given be- low in an abridged form, which will be very interesting to those who have ever had any experience in this dis- ease. HISTORY OF THE CASE. "James Clamson, aged 51 years, Swedish by birth, presented himself August 4th, 1880, with the following history : About eight years ago he got a rye beard in his eye, which be- came imbedded in the upjjer lid, caus- ing a callous tumor about the size of a navy bean. Complete ptosis, excess- ive vascular keratitis and ulceration of cornea existed. Cautory was freely applied to the tumor, and, on August 30th, I cut down and extirpated the beard, which caused excessive inflam- matory action, no doubt causing the condition of glaucoma, as, shortly after, the above diagnostic conditions began to present themselves. After due con- sideration of the subject, I determined to operate, September 7th, (experi- mentaly) by dividing the ciliary liga- ment, in the rueantime telling the patient that perhaps another operation would be necessary, reserving the operation of iridectomy, in case of fail- ure. When I divided the ciliary liga- ment it snapped like a fiddle-string, so that those present in the room dis- tinctly heard and exclaimed,; "Did you hear it?" The results were, the eye resumed its normal spherical shape, pain subsided, and, after the inflammatory action subsided, the compress was applied, (a most valua- ble appliance in congestive ophthal- mia to shut off^ excessive blood supply) with applications of the following : R. Tannic acid, scr. ii ; glycerine, oz. i, to the ulcer on upper lid ; under the above treatment, the cornea is clearing up, the upper lid can be raised above the equator, and the patient can see his hand held before him. October 6th, 1880. I would here say that the patient had not been able to see for months prior to treatment. Doctor Crans is one of those warm hearted, generous men who have hosts of warm friends. His drug trade is ex- tensive and increasing daily. His thor- ough knowledge of medicine enables him to dispense it in a proper Avay, and the peoj^le have learned that at the Doctor's store they are sure to get the best and i^urest drugs in the market. His practice is increasing Avith rapid strides, and he is destined to become the head and front of the medical fraternity of Central Kansas. Appendix. 133 APPENDIX. We do not claim that Riley county contains all the good lands and agricul- tural advantages in Kansas, but rather that it is "a center," and our advice to immigrants is to come direct to RUey county, and, if they do not get suited here, visit the surrounding counties. WABAUNSEE COUNTY Adjoins Riley on the south-east. It is traversed diagonaly by the M., A. & B. R, R. A large part of it consists of bluff land, but the bottoms on the Kan- sas river, Mill creek and several other streams cannot be exceled elsewhere. Alma, the county seat, is the center of a large German population, and Wa- baunsee, in the corner nearest Riley, was originaly settled by the Beecher Rifle Company from New England, who impressed their character upon the township which bears the name of the county. Taxation is very light in most of this county. Germans visiting it would do well to strike for Alma, and native Americans for Wabaunsee. DAVIS COUNTY Lies nearly south of Riley, and pre- sents many attractions to those who prefer to live in a herd law covmty. A portion of it is but a few miles from Manhattan, and can easily be visited from that place. Milford township' which was formerly a part of Riley county, is in» the Republican valley west of Riley, and is a section that we can heartily commend. CliAY COUNTY, Which lies west of Riley, is also a herd law county. It is traversed diagonaly by the Republican river and the Junc- tion City and Fort Kearney railroad. Its land is rich, and its agricultural ca- pacities very great, as it has but little waste land. FOJl ^ALE— ?/(/ Jfrs. Lucindti Gates.— The soixth half of the south-east quarter of section seventeen, and the east half of tlie north-east quarter of section twenty, township nine of Clay county. This is one hunrlrerl and sixty acres of the l)ost farming land in the county; one hun- dred acres under cultivation, cajiable of produ- cing eighty bushels of corn per acre. The place is situated on the Rei>ublican river at the mouth of Deep creek, and on J. C. & F. K. R. R., tliree miles from Wakefield. This f;irm is offered for sale for twenty-five hundred dollars. MARSHALL, COUNTY, On the north, is a very fine county, and the valleys of the Big and Little Blue and Vermillion, are of surpassing beauty. When the building of the Blue Valley R. R. from Manhattan shall have lead to the development of its manufacturing capacity, it will sup- port a dense population. POTTAWATOMIE COUNTY. Next to Riley we recommend Potta- watomie county. It is divided from Riley by the Big Blue, and the most of the bottom land of that valley is on the Pottawatomie side. In addition. El- bow, Cedar, Mclntire, Carnahan and Spring creeks, and a number of small- er streams that flow into the Blue, have fine valleys. They are divided from each other by a range of blufis that pass into table lands toward their source. Taxation in this county is un- usixaly light and the Union Pacific runs through its southern portion and the Kansas Central its northern. Garrison, the present terminus of the latter, is a thriving town on the Big Blue ; and Olsburg, the next station east, located on the divide, in the midst of a large Swede settlement, is growing rapidly. Mariadahl is also a small but prosper- ous town on the Blue in the Swede set- tlement. Those who wish to engage in stock raising can hardly do better than to settle in the western portion of this county, but among the farms for sale we know of none that we can re- commend more fully for this purpose than PENROSE, At the head of Cedar creek, about ten miles from Manhattan, five miles from 134 Appendix. Rocky Ford, and ten miles from 01s- burg. It contains between eigbt and nine hundred acres of land, embracing the valley of the creek and some blnfi" land on both sides. Several hundred acres are fenced with stone or wire, and the residence is a frame building (con- creted throughout) 24x48 feet and one and a half stories high. It has a bearing orchard, a well, numerous un- f&iiling springs, corrals, stock sheds, tool cabin, &c. It will be sold togeth- er or in parcels. For particulars ad- dress B. F. Griffin, Manhattan, Kansas, or apply on the place. a E. MAILS. BREEDER OF PURE BRED SHORT- HORNS. Some of the best bottom land in Kansas is that which lies on the penin- sula between the ^Blue and Kansas rivers, in Pottawatomie county, east of Manhattan. C. E. Mails' stock farm is located on this bottom, two miles east of Manhat- tan. The Kansas flows near the build- ings on the south, and the heavy tim- ber which lines its banks affords ample shelter to the excelent herd of high grades which are being raised in con- nection with the other lines of business which are carried on by him and his father. The herd of thoroughbreds is not large, but contains some of the choicest shorthorns in Kansas, and are mostly of his own breeding. JOAN'S PRINCE stands at the head of the herd. He is a rich roan, and was sired by the 28th Duke of Airdrie. Dam, Joan's LUy by Bates 2nd. He is but sixteen months old, and is one of the most promising young bulls in central Kansas. He is from the Durham Park herd, and is a flne bred animal of the Mason family. ADEIi is as flne a cow as one would desire to see. She is four years old, sired by Western Minister. Dam, Morning Star, by Belle Duke. She is a fine representative of the Bates family. STAR OP THE WEST is ten years old, sired by Minister, dam Cherry, by Able. She is a supe- rior bred animal, and is dam or grand dam to all the herd except Joan's Prince. The rest of the herd possess equaly excelent qualities. Adel's calf, at eleven months old, sold for one hun- dred and fifty dollars, last fall, at our fair, and has made a gain of one hun- dred and two pounds each month since that time. Their herd of grades, seventy-five in number, show excelent breeding, and are doing finely. Mr. Mails is a native of Kansas, and is a splendid representative of our State in manly vigor, standing six feet and three inches in his stockings, straight as an arrow, and weighing over two hundred pounds. He is scarcely twenty-one years of age, yet he stands high among the stockmen of Kansas. Contenta. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1S6 Major N. A. Adams, live stock dealer, 78 D. Adams, grocer. 81 Hon. John A. Anderson, 42 AUingham & Stewart, grocers, 95 American House, 96 Appendix, 132 Wabaunsee county 132 Davis " 132 Clay " 132 Pottawatomie " 132 (J. E. Mails, blooded stock breeder, 133 Ashland Township, , 112 Bala Township, 126 Bala, 126 W. Balderston, bakery and restaurant, 103 J. W. Blachly, nurseryman, 101 Book & Pierson. meat market, 74 W. H. Bower, undertaker, 103 John lirett, blacksmith, 86 B. L. Breburg, tickets to Europe, .102 Geo. Burgovne, photographer, 84 Caldwell '\tagon Co., 140 A. J. Carpenter, hogs and chickens, 102 Peter Cool, carpenter aud builder 75 Warren Cooper, merchant, 88 J. S. Corbett, raiser of pure blooded poultry, 99 Cottage Hotel, 136 Crumi) & Huugerford, abs., loan and ins. ag'y, 89 Dow & Brown, real estate agents, cover p. 2 John Drew, horse trainer, 98 Asa Eames, 93 Earl & Housekeeper, carpenters, 192 L. R. Elliott, real estate agency, .. 102, 103, 100, 67 " " " insurance agency, 102 " " " tickets to Europe, 102 Fancv Creek Township^ 126 Farm Products, statistics, 7 S. M. Fox, boookseller and stationer 137 J. F. Gardner, dealer in ice, 90 Grant Township, 112 Stockdale, 112 Ex-Governor N. Green, 113 J. D. Sweet, blacksmith and merchant,. . .114 Walnut Grove Stock Fai-m, 115 James L. Strong, cheese manufacturer, . . 118 Green & Hessin, attorneys at law, 102 J. Haines, carpenter aud builder, 103 Geo. W. Harrop, druggist, 77 Harrop's Drug Store, (illustration) 77 Hon. R. J. Harper, claim agent, 79 Hon. Geo. W. Higinbotham, 52 Wm. P. Higinbotham, insurance agency, 55, 102 " " " banker, 56 " " " live stock, 56 " " " specialties, 58 Geo. B. Himes, harness and saddle maker,. . . 81 Hostrup & Towers, barbers, 88 Harry Hougham, contractor, 92 Charley Irvin, blacksmith, 89 Jackson Township, 119 Randolijli, 120 Raudoli)li Grist Mill, 120 Randolph Livery Stable, 121 John Foster, lumber dealer, 121 Orson King, harness maker, 122 City Hotel, C. A. Moore, proprietor, 122 Randolpli Drug Store, 123 Thomas Williams, blacksmith, 123 W. C . Johnston, druggist, 94 C. F. Kcables, carriage manufacturer, 74 Kimble Pump Co., cover p. 3 N. H. Kniglit, sorghum manufacturer, 103 Wm. Knostman, clothier, 136 Wm. B. Leicester, mcrcliant tailor, 70 J.N. Limbocker, leal estate dealer, 103 Live Stock, statistics, 8 Long & Firestone, livery and feed stable, 87 Long, Towers & Co., meat market, 97 W. H. Lowe, farm implements, 65 Drs. Lyman & W ard, 30 Madison Township, 127 Rilev Centre, 127 D. "\V. Lane, cheese manufacturer, 127 Farm lor Sale 127 Red Bell 2ud, (illustration) 128 Elmwood Grove Stock Farm, 120 C. W. Knapp, general merchandise, 131 Central House, Joseph Roberts, prop'r,. . .131 Manhattan, the Beautiful City, 82 Poimlation, 38 Religion and Morality, S3 Kdiicalioiial Advantages, 36 Stale An-i-icultural College, 86 The l'ubli<'. School, 38 Public School Building, (illustration) 88 City Organization, 39 E\i)ort Business, 39 Business Directory, 40 Manhattan Township, 103 Ke ■^^ 'i ^^' \> ^ :i. c« v\5^ <^ "> 6 V ^ N .^^^" A^^ ^v^ ^^ ^^^ # ^^^ ^^ O o ,^ ^ ^ :»^ 9^ * \3%- MANHATTAN, KANSAS: PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONALIST. Albert Griffin, Editor and Publisuek. l88i. fcg^^ ■^^^ H. P. DOW. jUDGEG EQ. F. ER QWN. DOW & BROWN, MANHATTAN, KANSAS, 2%e2/ are the authorized agents for the National Land Company's Lands, THE M., K. & T. RAILEOAD LANDS, And for most of the non-resident lands in Riley, Darts, Western pari of Potlawalofflle anl f al)aiiusee CouiiUes. Most of these lands are very cheap. THEY SHOW THEM WITHOUT CHARGE TO CUSTOMERS. They are also agents for most of the improved farms now offered for sale in this vicinity, and have sold many during the present season. Parties ivishing to purchase can do no better anywhere in Kansas than to buy here, and of them. TIej EiaraBtee Title anft Facts as rpseiteft M tliem. Correspondence attended to promptly. Fifteen frtrms, containing not less than fifty acres each, for sale at from to $1,900 per farm at ' DOW & BROWN'S. We can sell you improved lands of any size cheaper than vou can improve them. DOW & BROWN. Several tracts of good farming land, near markets, for sale on time at from to $5 per acre. Call on DOW & BROWN. Du I— ' n X 00 Gf) H w H J Ci PQ 6 Q HH ^ -p CS Oh X X H Nothing is more calculated to meet a long felt want than the invention shown on this page. The Pump here represented is acknowledged to be the SIMPLEST, STRONGEST, MOST DURABLE And Best FORCE Am SUCTION PUMP NOW MADE No Piston Kods or Packing Boxes. Manufactured and sold exclusively in Kan- sas by THE KIMBLE PUMP CO. Territory or Royalty Rights for sale on ap- plication to the j)atentee. SAM KIMBLE, Manhattan^ Kansas. AS A SUCTION AND FORCE PIMP. RED BELLE, 2nd, property of C. M. Gifford, Riley 0°?^*^' Kansas, breeder of pure Shorthorn Cattle and Poland Ohina Hogs We are breeding from individuals from some ot tne most noted herds in Kentucky, Missouri and Kansas. C. M. GIFFORD. r